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ANNALS
OF THE
SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM
VOL UME Val
ANNALS
OF THE
SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM
VOLUME VI
PRINTED FOR THE TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM BY WEsT, Newman & Co., LoNDON
1908-1910
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TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM.
The Right Hon. Joun Xavier Merriman, M.H.A.
Tuomas Murr, C.M.G., LL.D., M.A., F.R.S., F.R.S.E., Superintendent-General of Education.
H. Bouus, D.Sce., F.L.S.
SCIENTIFIC STAFF OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM.
Louris ArBeRTt PEérineuery, D.Sc., F.Z.S., F.E.S., Director.
Joun Dow Fisuer Gincurist, D.Sc., M.A., Ph.D., Keeper of Marine Invertebrates and Fishes.
Wixuram Freperick Purcewt, B.A., Ph.D., Keeper of Land Invertebrates, except Insects.
ArtHur Wiuu1am Rocers, D.Sce., F.G.S., Keeper of the Geological and Minera- logical Collections.
Rosert Broom, D.Sc., M.D., Keeper of the Paleontological Collections.
Henry Harotp Wetcu Pearson, D.Sc., F.L.S., Keeper of the Botanical Collections.
K. P. Puimures, M.A., Assistant in Charge of the Herbarium.
A. R. Wauxer, B.Sce., A.R.C.S., Assistant in Charge of the Geological-Mineralogical Collections.
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.
PAGE J. D. F. Grucurist.
On Two New Species of Ptychodera (P. proliferans and P. natalensis) .. 207
J.D. F. Grucurist and W. Warpiaw-THompson.
The Blennitdsiol South Atricay) jrcyyareyeisiclets\e «1s 0) <talctetetelsrel stot svete efavclen cys 97 Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. Part I. .............. 145 Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. Part II............... 213
T. R. R. STessine.
South African Crustacea. Part IV. Plates 1—XIV. ..............-.0. 1 General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. Part V. Plates XV.— REMSDTS ca ossa id 5 sianavdystatowscevtaltorsrevierous lela aye eye res ayeileraiaoue, stevsie) ace cctetetovensbNotNaRemers 281
LIST OF NEW GENERIC NAMES INTRODUCED IN THIS VOLUME.
Dien. ¢-,) ampropidai(Crustaces) i SteDimesrer-ee yeeros stele ate ett irene tite 415 Nasinatalis, n. g., Raninids (Crustacea), Steb. ................-.se+eeee 340
List OF PEATE S:
PLATE I: Mamaia queketti, n. sp. a Charybdis natator, Herbst. IV. Scyllarides elizabethe, Ortmann. V. Conilorpheus scutifrons, n. sp. VI. Antarcturus kladophorus, n. sp. VII. Bathygyge grandis, Hansen. VIII. ‘Trischizostoma remipes, n. sp. IX. Tryphosa onconotus, n. sp. X. Byblis anisuropus, n. sp. XI. Pontharpinia stimpsoni, n. sp. XII. ‘Tiron australis, n. sp. XIII. Hlasmopoides chevreuxi, n. g. et sp. { Eurystheus holmesi, n. sp. Eurystheus atlanticus, Stebbing. XY. Hexapus sexpes, Fabricius. XVI. Nasinatalis disjunctipes, n. g. et sp. XVII. Parapagurus bouvieri, n. sp. XVIII. Iphinoé zimmeri, n. sp. XIX. Iphinoé crassipes, Hansen. Paramunna levifrons, n. sp. | Dic calmani, n. g. et sp. XXI. Dic calmani, n. g. et sp. Metaprotella makrodactylos, n. sp. Caprella triodous, n. sp.
DATE OF ISSUE OF THE PARTS.
Part 1, April 2, 1908.
Part 2, December 31, 1908. Part 3, September 30, 1909. Part 4, December 15, 1910.
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ANNALS
OF THE
SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM.
(Vou. VI.)
I.—South African Crustacea (Part IV.*).—By the Rev. THomas R. R. Steppine, M.A., F.B.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S.
THE scope of the present contribution is enlarged by including several species of Amphipoda—a group of which very few members have been hitherto recorded from South African waters. Seven of the species now noticed claim to be new, one of them even demanding the institution of a new genus. But, as in many other groups of Crustacea, so in this, the novelty of the characters is less striking than the close general relationship between the forms found here and others earlier known and described from many very remote localities. In regard to the new species of the curious genus Trischizostoma, it is desirable to call attention to the important contemporary discussion of that genus by Mrs. E. W. Sexton, working at the Plymouth Laboratory. As an example of widely ranging genera the coincidence may be noted that the description of the remarkable prawn, Leontocaris paulsonz, from the Cape, had only been a few months published in Part III. of this series when Mr. Stanley W. Kemp was able to announce a second species of this highly specialised genus from the west coast of Ireland, taken at a depth of 500 fathoms in lat. 53° N., outside the ‘ Porcupine Bank.”
Besides the numerous specimens due to Dr. Gilchrist’s ‘‘ Marine Investigations,” the present report deals with a large collection sub- mitted to me from the Durban Museum. When sending this valuable
* The other three Parts have been published in ‘‘ Marine Investigations in South Africa.”
iL
2 Annals of the South African Museum.
consignment, Mr. J. F. Quekett wrote, saying, ‘‘ The spirit specimens are from Durban, except two from Algoa Bay, which are so marked. The dried specimens are mostly from Agulhas Bank, Cape Colony, but the Mantis shrimps are from here.’ There is, therefore, some vagueness in regard to the place of origin of the dried specimens. It has not appeared necessary to mention them all on the present occasion. Also some Penzidea and Caridea have been left over for future consideration. The collection furnishes an interesting new species of the genus Mamaia ; this again showing close relationship to European and Japanese kindred. When its description and illustration were already in the hands of the printer, a second and in some respects finer specimen was sent me by Mr. F. W. FitzSimons, Director of the Port Elizabeth Museum. This and a fresh example of another interesting species from the same source and locality will be further noticed in their turn.
Along with two new species of Isopoda the report discusses in various groups some established species on which it appeared that fresh light could be thrown or desired. In the Palemonide the new generic name Macroterocheir is proposed in place of what seems to be the illegitimate use of the term Macrobrachium. The name Squilla oratoria, de Haan, is upheld as prior to Berthold’s S. affinis. Lastly, it should be noted that some references are given to William Stimpson’s report on the Brachyura and Anomura collected by the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, 1853-1856. Stimpson died in 1872, pathetically believing that his manuscript and drawings for that work had been destroyed in the great fire at Chicago during the preceding year. His report, however, was subsequently found to be safe at the Navy Department, and was transferred to the Smithsonian Institution, which has now earned the thanks of the scientific world by publishing it under the able editorship of Miss M. J. Rathbun.
BRACHYURA GENUINA. OXYRRHYNCHA.
Famiry MAMAIIDAS. 1905. Mamaude, Stebbing, 8.A. Crust., pt. 3, p. 22, and Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. xviii., p. 157.
In the restricted sense this family corresponds with Alcock’s sub-family Maiine.
South African Crustacea. 3
Gen. MAMATA, Stebbing.
1905. Mamaia, Stebbing, 8.A. Crust., pt. 3, p. 23, and Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. xvii., p. 157.
Under the above references the reasons for discarding the long- accepted generic name Maia and accepting the new form Mamma are discussed at length. Under the old name an excellent definition of the genus is supplied by Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxiv., pt. 2, pp. 237, 238, 1895, and Deep-sea Brachyura of the Investigator, p. 55, 1899.
MAMAIA QUEKETTI, 0. sp. Plate XXVII.
This species appears to make a near approach to the rare form named Maja (Maja) spinigera by de Haan (Crust. Japon., decas quarta, p. 93, 1839; pl. 24, fig. 4, Pisa (Paramaya) spimgera, 1837 ; and M. (Maja) spinig., Errata, p. 244, 1849). It differs in that the frontal spines are more divergent, and instead of one-fourth the length of the rest of the carapace only between a fifth and a sixth of that length. The lateral spines are also less than a fourth of the length named. In the middle line of the carapace there is a longi- tudinal series of conspicuous spines, three before the middle and three behind it, with a little transverse pair between the last two, whereas in de Haan’s species there are in this series only two spines instead of five behind the middle. Moreover, in the present species at the middle there is a stout bifid spine, with apices placed trans- versely, of which there is no hint in de Haan’s figure or description. The transverse pair of spines on the posterior margin of the cara- pace are here smaller and wider apart than those shown in de Haan’s figure. The oblique set of spines on the branchial regions are also somewhat differently arranged.
The chelipeds of de Haan’s species in the male are described by Ortmann (Zool. Jahrb., vol. vu., p. 51, 1893) as longer than the cephalothorax, palm flattened, otherwise formed as in the female. In the present species, represented only by the male sex, the chelipeds are stouter than the next limbs and as long; they have the elongate hand and fingers quite smooth, but the two preceding joints conspicuously roughened with lines of tubercles, not smooth as in de Haan’s female specimen.
The conspicuous spine at the distal end of the merus or fourth joint in all the walking legs, clearly shown in de Haan’s figure, and
4 Annals of the South African Museum.
described both by him and by Alcock, is not found in the African specimen.
There are numerous groups of curved setz on the frontal horns and in two lines to the middle of the carapace, thence diverging to the branchial regions. Many also are conspicuous at the bases of the lateral spines and about the walking legs, only leaving the dark ungues uncovered.
The length of the carapace is 100 mm., of which a straight line between the frontal horns measures 15 mm., the inner side of the horn being 18 mm. in length. The extreme breadth of the carapace is 85 mm., or 69 mm. without the projecting lateral spines.
Locality. Durban. The specimen from the Durban Museum was entrusted to me by the curator, J. F. Quekett, Esq., out of respect to whom the specific name is given.
Locality. Port Elizabeth. The specimen received from Mr. FitzSimons under the circumstances above mentioned, has a cara- pace 130 mm. long, allowing 5 mm. for the broken tip of the least damaged frontal horn. The extreme breadth is 105 mm., or 90 mm. not including the lateral spines. The right cheliped measures 150 mm., of which 35 belong to the fifth joint, and 55 to the hand and fingers. Between these fingers when closed there is proximally a prolonged and rather conspicuous gap. In this specimen it is easy to see how strongly the orbits are excavated backwards. The eye- stalks appear to be more strongly curved than in Mamaia squinado. They are rather bulbous at the base, but then narrow, with the visual area narrowly oval. The stout bifid spine at the centre of the carapace might in this example equally well be described as a closely contiguous pair of transversely placed spines. They are very prominent. In the other specimen unfortunately the bird’s-eye view taken by the camera does not at all clearly show these sharp projections,
Gren. PLATYMATA, Miers. PLATYMAIA WYVILLE-THOMSONI, Miers. 1886. Platymaia wyville-thomsoni, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, Reports, vol. xvii., p. 13, pl. 2, fig. 1. 1902. Platymaia turbynei, Stebbing, S.A. Crust., pt. 2, p. 3, pl. 5. 1904. Platymaia wyville-thomsoni, Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 89, pls. 2, 20-23, &c.
It is desirable here to call attention, not only to Herr Doflein’s identification of P. twrbynei with the species named by Miers, but also to the very elaborate and valuable study of the species in the Brachyura of the Valdivia expedition.
South African Crustacea. 5
Famity BLASTIDA.
1902. Blastide, Stebbing, S.A. Crust., pt. 2, p. 2. 1905. Blastide, Stebbing, S.A. Crust., pt. 3, pp. 22, 25.
For Alecock’s equivalent sub-family Pisinsee see Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxiv., pt. 2, pp. 160, 165, 200, 1895, and Deep-sea Brachyura of the Investigator, p. 49, 1899.
Gren. HALIMUS, Latreille.
1829. Halimus, Latreille, Régne Animal, éd. 2, vol. iv., p. 60.
1831. Halimus, Latreille, Cours d’Entomologie, p. 362.
1834 (or earlier). Halimus, Guérin, Iconographie, Crust., pl. 9, fig. 2.
1834. Halimus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1., p. 340.
1895. Hyastenus, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxiv., pt. 2, pp. 200, 206.
1897. Halimus, M. J. Rathbun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Volk xi, ‘p. 157.
1904. Hyastenus, Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 85.
Miss Rathbun has explained that when Latreille defined this genus he did not name the species belonging to it. Guérin, who is quoted by Milne-Edwards in 1834, assigned to the genus the single species Halimus aries, Latreille, which must therefore be regarded as the type, since there was at the time no competitor in the field. Milne-Edwards assigned to the genus the additional species H. auritus (Latreille). Unluckily the first species was included in White’s genus Hyastenus, 1847, thus constituting Hyastenus a synonym of Halimus.
The points on which Latreille relied for defining his genus were that the ocular peduncles, though short, are always exposed, and that the second antenne have the third joint of the peduncle at least as long as the preceding joint, and carrying a long setaceous flagellum. He considered the genus to be near Micippe, Leach, and discusses it between Leach’s genera Camposcia and Hyas.
For the modern definition see the references to Hyastenus, Alcock.
Hatimus piacantuus (de Haan).
1839. Pisa (Naxia) diacantha, de Haan, Crust. Japon., decas quarta, p. 96, pl. 24, fig. 1 (1838), and pl. G.
1895. Hyastenus diacanthus, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxiv., pt. 2, pp. 208, 210.
6 Annals of the South African Musewm.
1902. Halimus diacanthus, M. J. Rathbun, U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxvi., p. 29)
1903. Hyastenus diacanthus, Nobili, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, vol. xvili., N. 455, p. 27.
The synonymy of the species down to 1895 is supplied in the reference to Alcock, the transference to Hyastenus commencing with A. Milne-Edwards in 1872. The distribution of the uncinate sete is discussed by C. W. 8. Aurivillius in his treatise on the masking habits of the Oxyrrhyncha, p. 51, pl. 2, fig. 5, 1889. Among the numerous Indian species Alcock distinguishes the present one as belonging to a group in which the carapace when denuded is smooth and polished, with a few large spines; in common with HI. spvnosus, A. Milne-Edwards, it has the ‘carapace triangular, with a large epibranchial spine and at least one large subhepatic tubercle on either side,” and is distinguished from the species men- tioned by having a single acuminate tubercle in the middle line on the gastric region, and none on the intestinal, whereas H. spinosus has ‘‘a large intestinal and two large gastric spines in the middle line.”
The specimen from Durban agrees with the description of H. spinosus, in that the gastric hump has two spines in the middle line and that there is a spine on the intestinal hump, but they are of insignificant size, the hinder one on the gastric region being hidden in the fur and scarcely even palpable. They do not seem characters sufficient for bestowing specific rank. The carapace, including the straight divergent horns, is 80 mm. long, and, including the lateral epibranchial spines, its breadth is 48 mm. The length of a horn on the free inner margin is 25 mm. The specimen is a female, and the slender chelipeds are considerably shorter than the next peraopods.
CYCLOMETOPA.
Faminy XANTHIDAS.
1898. Xanthide (part), Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxvii., pba; pp. OF, Gd: 1898. Xanthine (sub-fam.), Alcock, loc. cit., p. 77.
Alcock defines his family Xantbide as one “in which the fold of the antennules is transverse or obliquely transverse, and the anterior boundary of the buccal cavern is raised and sharply defined, so that the external maxillipeds commonly shut close against it unless they
South African Crustacea. 7
fall short of it.”” He divides it into three sub-families—Xanthine, Acting, and Chlorodinze—which I prefer to treat as families, accepting for the first the name Xanthide in a restricted sense. For this Alcock’s definition is: ‘‘Carapace usually much broader than long, usually transversely oval, sometimes transversely hexa- gonal. The front is contained from 34 to 54 times in the greatest breadth of the carapace.”’
It is subdivided into six so-called alliances, the fourth of which, called Xanthoida, contains among others the typical genus Xantho, Leach, followed by Leptodius, which is presently reduced to a sub-genus of Xantho.
The remarks made by Miers in his Alert and Challenger reports on the species which have been referred to Leptodius, A. Milne- Edwards, 1863, will incline many to agree with Dr. Ortmann, when he says (Zool. Jahrb., vol. vii., p. 443, 1893): “I am unable sharply to distinguish the three genera Xantho, Xanthodes, and Leptodis.’ The last is chiefly distinguished by the spoon-shaped tips to the chelipeds. But Ortmann observes that a typical Xantho (rivulosus) has them, and Alcock remarks that in Leptodius crasso- manus the spooning of the figures is indistinct. The latter species is, perhaps for that reason, referred to Xantho by Miss Rathbun in 1906.
GEN. XANTHO, Leach.
1814. Xantho, Leach, Edinburgh Encycel., vol. vii., p. 430. 1898. Xantho, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixvu., pt. 2, p. 112 (including Leptodius).
XANTHO HYDROPHILUS (Herbst).
1790. Cancer hydrophilus, Herbst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 1:5 pt. 8,) ps 266; pl 21h figs 124.
1801. Cancer Eudora, Herbst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. iii., pt: 2, p. 10, pl di, fig 1.
1826? Cancer inequalis, Audouin, Savigny’s Crust. Egypte, pl. 5, fig. 7.
1834. Chlorodius exaratus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i., p. 402.
1834. [?] Chlorodius eudorus, Milne-Edwards, loc. cit., p. 402.
1835. Cancer (Xantho) affins, de Haan, Crust. Japon., decas secunda, p. 48, pl. 13, fig. 8 (f. 6 in text).
1843. Xantho affinis, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 30.
8 Annals of the South African Museum.
1868, Leptodius exaratus, A. Milne-Kdwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus., vols iv, p. TL.
1884. Leptodius exaratus, Miers, Crust. H.M.S. Alert, p. 214.
1886, Leptodius exaratus, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, Reports, vol, xvii., p. 137,
1893. Xantho exaratus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. vii., p. 445.
1898. Xantho (Leptodius) exaratus, Aleock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxvii., pt. 2, p. 118.
1906. Leptodius exaratus, M. J. Rathbun, U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1903, pt. 3, p. 847.
1906. Leptodius exaratus, Nobili, Bull. Sci. France-Belgique, vol. xl., pelle
1907. Chlorodius exaratus, Stimpson, North Pacific Expl. Exp. 1853-56, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 52, pl. 6, figs. 3-4, 6-9 (posthumous publication).
A full synonymy of this species from Audouin down to 1898 is supplied under the reference to Alcock, apart from some of the names which Miers gives in his Challenger report as_ possibly only varieties, and not including Xantho rivulosus (Risso), Milne- Edwards, of which Bell (Brit. Stalk-eyed Crust., p. 55, 1853) says, ““There can be no doubt that this is the Cancer hydrophilus of Herbst.”
The Durban specimen corresponds with Alcock’s description, having “front not very prominent, but projecting beyond the inner angle of the orbit, from which it is separated by a notch; bilaminar, the lobes cut square, but with a slightly concave margin.’ The fingers of the chelipeds are black; those of the walking legs are granular, furred along both edges as far as the claw.
The specimen, a male, has the carapace 22.mm. long by 30 mm. broad,
A long discussion of this species, with nine named varieties, by the distinguished carcinologist, William Stimpson, appears in the work which, as already mentioned, has just been published by the Smithsonian Institution thirty-five years after its author’s death.
Famity PORTUNIDA.
1899. Portunide, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxviii., pt. 2, pp. 4, 5.
Alcock divides the family into four sub-families, of which the first,
called Lupine, is thus defined: ‘‘ The chelipeds are longer, usually
South African Crustacea. 9
much longer, than any of the legs, the first three pairs of which have a tendency to be slender and the last pair of which end in typical swimming-paddles ; the antero-lateral borders of the carapace are cut into from 5 (very rarely 4) to 9 distinct teeth. The carapace may be subrotund, but it is usually conspicuously broad.”
The sub-family is subdivided into three alliances—Lupoida, Podophthalmoida, and Lupocycloida—the first of which includes, among others, the genera with which we are here concerned.
Gren. CHARYBDIS, de Haan. 1902. Charybdis, Stebbing, South African Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 9.
The synonymy has been already given under the reference cited.
CHARYBDIS NATATOR (Herbst). Plates XXVIII. and XXIX.
1794. Cancer natator, Herbst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. ii., pt. 5, p. 156, pl. 40, fig. 1.
1834. Thalamita natator, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i., p. 463, pl. 17, figs. 13, 14.
1835. Portunus (Charybdis) granulatus, de Haan, Crust. Japon., decas secunda, p. 42, pl. 1, fig. 1.
1843. Charybdis granulatus, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 24.
1899. Charybdis (Gomosoma) natator, Aleock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxvii., pt. 2, pp. 50, 61.
1907. Charybdis natator, M. J. Rathbun, notes to Stimpson’s North Pacific Crust., Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 82.
Under the last reference but one will be found a full synonymy of the species to date, and a description with which the specimen from the Durban Museum seems fully to agree, except in a single par- ticular, probably connected with the exceptional size of the example captured at Durban. Alcock states that the fingers of the chelipeds are about as long as the hand, and says with regard to eleven specimens in the Indian Museum that in the largest specimens the carapace is about 70 mm. long and about 100 mm. broad. Our specimen is 80 mm. long and 113 mm. broad. The hand measured along the lower margin is 133 mm. in length, of which 58 mm. belongs to the thumb, leaving 75 mm. for the palm. On the upper margin the palm is only 60 mm. long, and the movable finger is 63 mm., but in general effect the palm of this specimen might be
10 Annals of the South African Museum.
regarded as decidedly longer than the fingers. The transverse granulation along the lower surface of the hand is a very notable character.
CHARYBDIS SEXDENTATA (Herbst).
1783. Cancer sexdentatus, Herbst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. i., pts. 2-5, p. 153, pl. 7, fig. 52 (not pl. 8, fig. 53).
1798. Portunus annulatus, Fabricius, Supplem. Ent. Syst., p. 364.
1899. Charybdis (Goniosoma) annulata, Aleock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixviii., pt. 2, pp. 49, 54.
The synonymy of this species, not unattended by doubts, is supplied with Alcock’s usual care in the place above cited. But he does not include Talamita sexdentata, Riippell, Krabben des Rothen Meeres, p. 4 (Thalamita, p. 28), pl. 1, fig. 1, 1830, nor Portunus (Charybdis) 6-dentatus, de Haan, Crust. Japonica, decas secunda, p. 41, pl. 12, fig. 1, 1835. In his key to the Indian species of Charybdis the present species, in common with C. cruciatus, belongs to a group in which “the antennal flagellum is completely excluded from the orbital hiatus; the ridge that bounds the dorsum of the carapace posteriorly forms a curve with the postero-lateral borders ; no spine on posterior border of arm.” Furthermore, these two and some other species have “no distinct transverse ridges on the cara- pace behind the level of the last spine of the antero-lateral borders,” not more than three large spines on the anterior border of the arm ; the orbits have no decided dorsal inclination and their major diameter is never more than one-third the width of the interorbital space. But whereas in C. cruciatus the first spine of the antero-lateral border is anteriorly truncated and notched, in the present species it is acute, and here the sixth pleon segment of the male has the sides parallel, not, as in the other species, convergent.
From other species with which this is perplexingly surrounded it appears to be sundered by the comparative sharpness of the frontal teeth, the comparative smallness of the last antero-lateral tooth, the character of the last perseopods, which have the merus or fourth joint nearly twice as long as broad and the hind margin of the propodite or sixth joint serrated in a large part of its extent. The sixth pleon segment is not quite so long as broad. According to Alcock “the major diameter of the orbit is only a fourth the width of the interorbital space.’ This appears to suit our specimens, but I am not quite clear as to how the measurements are taken.
The male specimen from the Durban Museum has a carapace
South African Crustacea. 11
45 mm. long by 63 mm. broad. In the female the carapace is 40 mm. long by 55 mm. broad. Another female, with carapace 41 mm. by 48 mm., has the two middle frontal teeth blunt, more advanced than their neighbours. Herbst’s Cancer fasciatus, on his pl. 49, fig. 5, might well have been drawn from such a specimen as this.
Alcock ends his account of the species by saying: ‘“ But for high contrary authority, I should consider this species to be identical with the Cancer sexdentatus of Herbst’s pl. 7, fig. 52.” He gives Cancer fasciatus, Herbst, vol. i., pt. 1, p. 62, pl. 49, fig. 5 (1799) as a very doubtful synonym, subsequently referring it by preference to Charybdis (Gontosoma) merguiensis,de Man. Those who wish further to under- stand the difficulties of identification should study Dr. de Man’s chapter on ‘‘ Goniosoma merguiense, n. sp.,” in the J. Linn. Soe. London, Zool., vol. xxii., p. 82, 1888.
Since the above account was written, Stimpson’s report on North Pacific Crustacea has appeared. At p. 81 it records from Hong Kong Charybdis sexdentata (Herbst) de Haan, with references to the sexdentatus or sexdentata of Herbst, Riippell, and de Haan. Miss M. J. Rathbun, the editor, gives in a footnote as the correct name of the species Charybdis japonica (A. Milne-Edwards), without further explanation. In part 2, p. 10, of the present series I have already explained that Henri Milne-Edwards, in his Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i., p. 463, 1834, under his Thalamita annulata (Fabricius), has erroneously quoted Cancer sexdentatus, Forsk., as a synonym of Portunus annulatus, Fabricius, although Forskal did not name any Cancer sexdentatus, Herbst’s species of that name being the true predecessor of Charybdis annulata (Fabricius).
Gen. LUPA, Leach. 1813. Lupa, Leach, Edinb. Encyel., vol. vii., p. 390. 1897. Portunus, M. J. Rathbun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. xi., pp. 155, 160. 1902. Lupa, Stebbing, 8.A. Crust., pt. 2, p. 11. 1907. Portunus, M. J. Rathbun, notes to Stimpson’s North Pacific Crust., Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. xlx., p. 76.
I feel bound to reiterate my protest against my friend’s use of the name Portwnus, based on Latreille’s supposed restriction of that genus in 1810, when he mentioned P. pelagicus as a typical species of it. Lamarck in 1801, Syst. Anim. sans Vert., p. 151, mentions by name only P. depurator, Fab., which, on Miss Rathbun’s principle, may therefore claim to be the typical species, although no doubt
12 Annals of the South African Museum.
Lamarck gives references to others. But Latreille himself in 1802, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., vol. iii., p. 23, defines Portunus, with “ Axemple. Portunus depurator, Fab.,” and without mention of any other species. Judging by his later writings, I cannot suppose that either in 1802 or 1810 he had any intention to restrict the genus when naming an ‘“‘exemple”’ or “type.” But if he did it accidentally, surely the accident happened in 1802, and made P. depurator the typical species. In his Cours d’Entomologie, pp. 349, 350, in 1831 Latreille’s references to Portunus puber and Lupa pelagica make it clear that he was himself unaware of having done anything to make the latter species a Portwnus in preference to the former.
Lupa PELAGICA (Linn.).
1758. Cancer pelagicus, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 626.
1798. Portunus pelagicus, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 367.
1813. Lwpa pelagica, Leach, Edinb. Encyel., vol. vii., p. 390.
1899. Neptunus pelagicus, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxviii., pt. 2, p. 34.
1907. Portunus pelagicus, M. J. Rathbun, notes to Stimpson’s North Pacific Crust., Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 76.
A dry specimen of this well-known species from the Durban Museum measured 150 mm. in extreme breadth of the carapace.
CATOMETOPA.
Famity GRAPSIDAL.
1900. Grapside, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxix., pt. 2, pp. 283, 389.
Gren. GRAPSUS, Lamarck.
1801. Grapsus, Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans vertébres, p. 150. 1900. Grapsus, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxix., pt. 2, pp. 389, 390.
Lamarck’s original definition of the genus is: “ Four antenne, short, articulated, concealed beneath the carapace. The eyes at the angles of the carapace, with short peduncles. Body depressed, almost square, carapace transverse, deflexed in front. Ten feet, unguiculate: the anterior pair chelate.” He bases it upon Cancer grapsus, Linn., for which he substitutes the new designation Grapsus
South African Crustacea. 13
pictus. He gives after the Linnean name references to Petiver, Catesby, and Herbst, and adds to the synonymy ‘“ Cancer tenuwi- crustatus, Herbst, Cancr. 2, p. 113, t. 33, 34, with a reference to Seba. He includes as a second species in the genus “ Grapsus depressus, n., Herbst, t. 3, f. 35, a. b.,”’ since referred to Plagusia.
In his key to the Indian genera of Grapsidie, Aleock distinguishes Grapsus and Geograpsus as having the front less than half the greatest breadth of the carapace, while it is more than half that breadth in Metopograpsus and Pachygrapsus. In the definition of Grapsus, however, he speaks of the front as ‘‘about half the breadth of the anterior border of the carapace.” In a dried specimen of G. strigosus from the Durban Museum the front is somewhat more than half the greatest breadth of the carapace.
GRAPSUS STRIGOSUS (Herbst).
1799. Cancer strigosus, Herbst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. iii. pt. 1, p. 55, pl. 47, fig. 7.
1802. Grapsus strigosus, Bose, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i., p. 203.
1838. Goniopsis strigosa, M*Leay, Illustrations Zool. South Africa p. 66.
1838. Gontopsis flavipes, M*Leay, loc. crt., p. 66.
1843. Gonropsis strigosa, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 46.
1900. Grapsus strigosus, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxix., pt. 2, p. 393.
1907. Grapsus strigosus, Stimpson, North Pacific Crust., Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 118.
The dried specimen already referred to has a carapace 28 mm. long and 30 mm. broad. The largest of 76 specimens observed by Alcock measured 59 mm. in length by 63 mm. in breadth.
Concerning G. flavipes, M*Leay, Krauss says that it is only distinguished by blood-red bands, and otherwise entirely agrees with the description of G. strigosus, in company with which it is found.
The Durban Museum specimen agrees in the colouring of the walking legs with Herbst’s figure. In the chelipeds the tooth at the inner angle of the wrist is straight, in accordance with Alcock’s description.
Miss Rathbun, in notes to Stimpson (loc. cit., p. 119), makes Stimpson’s Grapsus longipes a synonym of G. strigosus, to which Stimpson himself admitted that it was closely allied.
14 Annals of the South African Museum.
Famiry GECARCINIDA.
1900. Geocarcinide, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxix., pt. 2, pp. 283, 440.
The primary genus of this family is Leach’s Gecarcinus, not, as the name is sometimes printed, Geocarcinus.
Gren. CARDISOMA, Latreille.
1825. Cardisoma, Latreille, Encycl. Méth., vol. x., p. 685. 1900. Cardiosoma, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxix., pt. 2, p. 444.
CARDISOMA CARNIFEX (Herbst).
1796. Cancer carnifex, Herbst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. ii., ot 6; p63, .pl. alot.
1825. Cardisoma carnifex, Latreille, Encycl. Méth., vol. x., p. 685.
1900. Cardiosoma carnifex, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxix., pt. 2, p. 445.
1906. Cardiosoma carnifex, Nobili, Bull. Sci. France-Belgique, vol. xl, p.Lob;
On this species Alcock (loc. cit.) gives a fund of valuable informa- tion. In the ample synonymy he includes Cancer hydromus [err. for hydrodromus|, Herbst, with a reference to Herbst’s work, imme- diately following that for C. carnifex, namely, p. 164, pl. 41, fig. 2. But according to Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., p. 302, 1897, the species in question should be called Potamon hydrodromum, and Miss M. J. Rathbun in her fine Monograph of the Potamonide, Nouv. Arch. du Muséum, vol. vi., p. 287, 1904, gives the name as Potamon (Potamon) hydrodromus (Herbst), with a full synonymy which appears to be conclusive. In 1894 Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. vil., p. 735, gives the species Cardisoma guanhumi, Latreille, with carnifex (Herbst) as a variety. But, if the two forms are specifically identical, it is Latreille’s guanhumi that must take the subordinate position, since the employment of the name by the Marcgrave de Liebstad in 1648, being pre-Linnean, does not count in a question of priority. The carapace of the dried specimen from the Durban Museum is 70 mm. in greatest breadth, with a length of 65 mm. The specimen is a female, with the right cheliped much larger than the left.
South African Crustacea. 15
OXYSTOMATA.
1841. Oxystomata, de Haan, Crust. Japonica, decas quinta, peel.
1896. Oxystoma, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixv., pt. 2, p. 185.
1902. Oxystomata, Stebbing, South African Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 16.
Faminry RANINIDA.
1896. Raninide, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixv., pt. 2, pp. 136, 288.
Alcock characterises the family as follows: ‘‘ Carapace remarkably elongate, but not covering the abdominal terga, the first four or five of which lie exposed in the dorsal plane of the body. The last pair of legs also is raised in the dorsal plane of the body. The antennze are large. The antennules also are large, and do not fold into fossettes. The vasa deferentia protrude through the bases of the fifth pair of legs; the oviducts pierce the bases of the third pair of legs. The sternum is broad anteriorly, very narrow or linear posteriorly. The afferent branchial openings are not found in front of the bases of the chelipeds, and afferent currents probably reach the branchial chamber between the posterior border of the carapace and the bases of the last pair of legs. The external maxillipeds completely cover the buccal cavern, and their palp is concealed in repose: their exopodite is but little longer than the ischium. The branchiz are less than nine in number on either side.”
Gen. RANINA, Lamarck. 1801. Ranina, Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans vertébres, p. 156.
Lamarck includes the genus in his section Cancri Macrouri. He defines it as having ‘“‘ Four short antennz: the inner pair with the last joint bifid. The body oblong, wedge-shaped, truncate anteriorly ; tail small, ciliated on the edges. Ten feet; the anterior pair ending in claws; the four hinder pairs ending in swimming-blades.”’ He assigns to it the single species Ranina serrata, a new name for “C. Raninus, L., Rumph. Mus., t. 7, fig. T, V. Herbst, Caner. t. 22, f. 1.” Latreille regards the genus as the last of the Brachyura, and so leading on to the Macrura.
16 Annals of the South African Museum.
RANINA SCABRA (Fabricius).
1705. Cancer Raniformis, Rumph., Amboinsche Rariteit- Kamer, p. 13, pli i, nese a W.
1758. Cancer raninus, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 625.
1775-1781-1793. Cancer raninus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent., p. 400; Mantissa, i., 314; Spec. Ins., i., 496; Ent. Syst., ii., 438.
1776. Hippa scabra, Fabricius, Mantissa, i., 330 (fide Herbst).
1789. Cancer raninus, Dixon, A Voyage round the World, Appendix, No. 1, p. 353, 2 pls. (annumbered).
1791. Cancer raninus, Herbst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. i., Dt. 22, 9psrd, plea, tie ee
1791. Cancer scaber, Herbst, loc. cit., p. 11.
1793. Hippa scabra, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., ., 476.
1798. Albunea scabra, Fabricius, Suppl., Ent. Syst., p. 398.
1801. Ranina serrata, Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans vertébres, p. 156.
1802. Ranina serrata, Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., ii., p. 15, pl. 9, fig. 2.
1803. Ranina serrata, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., vol. vi., p. 133, pl. 51, fig. 1.
1825. Ranina dentata, Latreille, Encyel. Méth., vol. x., p. 268.
1825. Ranina serrata, Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust., p. 140.
1837. Ranina dentata, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., 1., 194, pl. 21, figs. 1-4.
1841. Ranina dentata, de Haan, Crust. Japonica, decas quinta, p. 1389, pl. 34, pl. 35, figs. 1-4.
1893. Ranina scabra, Stebbing, Hist. Crust., Internat. Sci. Ser., vol. lxxiv., p. 140.
Those whose ears are titillated by tautology will no doubt prefer to call this species Ranina ranina (Linn.). Those who agree with our scientific forefathers in thinking that, if a specific name be pro- moted to generic rank, the species from which the name is borrowed must itself be renamed, should in the present instance accept the designation Ranina scabra (Fabricius). Its author, no doubt, was in the first instance unaware that his Cancer raninus and his Hippa scabra were one and the same species. Indeed, de Haan seems to have been the first writer to call explicit attention to this fact. Bose, in 1802, noticed that Herbst’s figure was borrowed from ‘‘Dickson,’’ who had represented it in his Voyage, pl. 15 and 16 of the French edition. De Haan gives a reference to “ Portlock et Dickson, Voyage Round the World, App. N. 1,” as though they had used the name Albunea scabra. Yet Bose, in taking note of Lamarck’s Ranina serrata, evidently did not recognise its identity with Albunea scabra, since he says that the species ‘was forgotten
South African Crustacea. LT.
by Fabricius in his Supplement, although it is found in the previous editions of his Entomology, under the Linnean name—that is, Cancer raninus.” The suspicion arises that the latter was intention- ally omitted, because Fabricius had discovered that between raninus and scabra there was no difference. Milne-Edwards adopts the name Ranina dentata, from Latreille, ‘‘ Encyclop. t. x., p. 268,” but this specific name was obviously due to a lapse of memory on Latreille’s part, probably occasioned by the accident that Bose, Latreille himself, and Desmarest translated Lamarck’s serrata by the French words dentelée or dentée. Latreille himself, in his “Cours d’Entomologie,”’ p. 368, 1831, says of his tribe Notopterygia : “This tribe is composed of the genus Ranina, of Lamarck, and has for type the albunea scabra of Fabricius, or the cancer raninus of Linné.”” &. cristata, Desjardins, ‘“‘ Ann. Soc. Entom., 1835,’ is explained by de Haan to be the male of the present species.
The specimen sent from the Durban Museum was a comparatively small one, as the carapace measured only 75 mm. in length.
Famity CALAPPIDA.
1896. Calappide, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxv., pt. 2, pp. 136, 137.
Alcock gives the following character: ‘‘ Carapace of the ordinary brachyurous shape. The afferent branchial openings are found in front of the bases of the chelipeds. The antenne are small. The legs are normal in position. The vasa deferentia perforate the bases of the fifth pair of legs. The branchiz are nine in number on either side. The external maxillipeds either completely cover the buccal cavern and have their palp hidden in repose (Matutine), or do not close the buccal cavern and have their palp always exposed (Calappine).”’
Gren. CALAPPA, Fabricius. 1798. Calappa, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 345.
1896. Calappa, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixv., pt. 2, p; 139:
CALAPPA HEPATICA (Linn.). 1758. Cancer hepaticus, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 630. 1785. Cancer hepaticus, Herbst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 1.,
pt. 6, p. 198. 2
18 Annals of the South African Musewm.
1785. Cancer tuberculatus, Herbst, loc. cit., p. 204, pl. 18, fig. 78.
1798. Calappa tuberculata, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 345.
1825, Calappa tuberculata, Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust., p. 109, pl £0, fig. 1.
1837. Calappa hepatica, de Haan, Crust. Japonica, decas tertia, ac:
1843. Calappa tuberculata, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 52.
1896. Calappa hepatica, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxv., pt. 2, p. 142.
The dried specimen from the Durban Museum has a carapace 45 mm. long and 70 mm. broad, the length being thus rather con- siderably more than half the extreme breadth. It agrees well in general character with Desmarest’s figure, and in particular the right cheliped shows the curious external curved basal process of the finger, which Desmarest represents in his fig. la.
Krauss remarks that at low tide he found this species in little pits on the sand-banks of the Bay of Natal, in which it sits quite motion- less with the chelipeds pressed close to the thorax; whether it maintains its peaceful position when the tide comes in he could not ascertain on account of its rare occurrence.
MACRURA ANOMALA.
Other members of this division have been discussed in these Marine Investigations, Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 17, 1902, and pt. 3, p. 68, 1905.
GALATHEIDEA.
1901. Galatheidea, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-Sea Crust., Macrura and Anomala, p. 239.
Famiry GALATHEIDA.
1901. Galatheide, Alcock, loc. cit., p. 236.
1902. Galatheide, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 29.
1902. Galatheide, Benedict, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxvi., p. 243.
1905. Galatheide, MacGilchrist, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xv., p. 245.
South African Crustacea. 19
Gen. GALACANTHA, A. Milne-Edwards.
1880. Galacantha, A. Milne-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodol., vol. vill., p. 92.
1901. Galacantha, Alcock, loc. cit., p. 274.
1902. Galacantha, Benedict, loc. cit., p. 304.
In Colonel Alcock’s work above cited, so far as its date allows, references to authorities are given for the tribe or legion, the family, and the genus, with definitions and other information. Though other writers—Benedict, Hodgson, de Man, C. E. Porter, Calman, Chilton, W. H. Baker, and MacGilchrist—have dealt with members of this family since 1901, no considerable addition appears to have been made to our knowledge of the genus Galacantha. Benedict enumerates seven species: G. camelus, Ortmann, G. diomedee, Faxon, G. faxoni, Benedict, G. investigatoris, Alcock and Anderson, G. rostrata, A. Milne-Edwards, G. spinosa, A. Milne-Edwards, and G. trachynotus, Anderson. The Zoological Record for 1904, Crustacea, p. 32, sup- plying an omitted record of Illustrations of the Zoology of the Investigator, pt. 9, 1901, quotes G. areolata, Alcock and McArdle, as if Wood-Mason’s species had been accepted by those authors. In their explanation, however, of plate lv., on which the name occurs, it will be found that they reduce it to a synonym of G. rostrata, A. M.-E. G. faxoni, Benedict, is a new name for the Albatross specimens which Faxon himself attributed to G. rostrata, though pointing out some small features in which they constantly differed from West Indian examples. Opinions will vary as to the need of anew name. Faxon inclines to behold “in G. rostrata a somewhat variable abyssal species of world-wide distribution, represented on both sides of the Atlantic, off the Pacific coast of America, in the Banda Sea, and in the Bay of Bengal.’ Alcock evidently agrees with him, not only accepting Henderson’s G. bellis and G. talismani as synonyms of the species, but in addition reducing G. imvestigatoris to a variety of it. Alcock also regards G. trachynotus as a variety of G. spinosa. On this view there are only four species which can be sharply distinguished.
Lateral margin of carapace with four subequal teeth Or eS. oo
Lateral margin of carapace with teeth not sub- equal or fewer than four—2.
G. camelus, Ortmann, 1892.
Rostrum without lateral teeth .. .. .. .. G.diomedee, Faxon, 1893. Rostrum with lateral teeth—3.
20 Annals of the South African Museum.
Lateral margin of carapace with spine behind the cervical groove .. .. .. .
Lateral margin of carapace without spine be- hind the cervical groove.. .. .. .. .. G. rostrata, A. M.-E., 1880.
3 G. spinosa, A. M.-E., 1880.
GALACANTHA ROsTRATA, A. Milne-Edwards.
1880. Galacantha rostrata, A. M.-E., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. vill., p. 52.
1886. Munidopsis rostrata, 8. I. Smith, Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1885, p. 649 (45), pl. 6, f. 1.
1900. Galacantha rostrata, M.-K. and Bouvier, Crust. Décap. Travail- leur et Talisman, p. 308, pl. 6, f. 9.
Other references and synonyms may be gathered from those already given for the genus. Professor S. I. Smith gives the figure of a male 75 mm. in length. In the lateral view of the carapace he shows a little median denticle in advance of the great gastric spine and another at the base of its hinder slope, neither of which is observable in the South African specimen. The latter is a female with eggs, measuring 88 mm. from tip of rostrum to end of telson, with the carapace 44 mm. long from tip of rostrum to the hind margin, 31°5 mm. broad just behind the cervical groove, 39 mm. between the tips of the hinder spines of the lateral margin. The second antennz are 135 mm. long, and the right cheliped 56 mm. There was no notable difference in length between the chelipeds.
The lateral spines of the rostrum are well developed and slightly divergent. As in the var. imvestigatoris, the sixth pleon segment and the telson are tuberculate, though less strongly than the anterior part of the pleon. The fingers of the ambulatory legs are delicately serrate on the concave margin and hairy on the convex one.
Locality. Cape Point N.E. by E. 4 E., 46 miles; depth, about 900 fathoms; bottom, green mud.
This specimen appears to be the largest Galacantha hitherto recorded,
PAGURIDEA. 1905. Paguridea, Alcock, Indian Decap. Crust., Anomura, p. 1.
Gen. CLIBANARIUS, Dana.
1852. Clibanarius, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., Crust., vol. xiii., p. 461. 1905. Clibanarius, Aleock, Indian Decap. Crust., Anomura, p. 40.
South African Crustacea. 21
CLIBANARIUS VULGARIS, Dana.
1791. Cancer clibanarius, Herbst, Krabben u. Krebse, vol. ii., pt. 1, p. 20, pl. 23, fig. 1.
1852. Clibanarius vulgaris, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., Crust., vol. xiii., p. 462.
1905. Clibanarius clibanarius, Aleock, Indian Decap. Crust., Ano- mura, p. 43, pl. 4, fig. 1.
In naming the species Alcock follows Hilgendorf, Henderson, and Miss Rathbun. His key to the Indian species of the genus distin- guishes the present by the following combination of characters : finger of the third perzeopods decidedly longer than the sixth joint ; eye-stalks much shorter than the peduncles of the first antenne ; inner lower border of the fourth joint in the first perewopods (the chelipeds) simply serrulate.
The Durban Museum specimen is a small one, 50 mm. in length. It agrees well with Colonel Alcock’s full account of the species.
Locality. Durban.
Gren. PAGURUS, Fabricius, sensu restricto. 1905. Pagurus, Aleock, Indian Decap. Crust., Anomura, p. 78.
PaGuRUS MEGISTOS (Herbst).
1804. Cancer megistos, Herbst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. iii., pt. 4, p. 23, pl. 61, fig. 1.
1811. Pagurus megistos, Olivier, Eneycl. Méthod., vol. viii., p. 639.
1811. Pagurus punctulatus, Olivier, Encyel. Méth., vol. viii., p. 641 ; Atlas (1818), pl. 312, fig. 1.
1847. Pagurus megistos, White, List of Crust. in Brit. Mus., p. 60.
1905. Pagurus punctulatus, Alcock, Indian Decap. Crust., Anomura, p: oly pl: 8; figs
1907. Dardanus megistos, M. J. Rathbun, notes to Stimpson’s North Pacific Crust., Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 208-
A very full synonymy, excellent description and figure, are sup- plied in Alcock’s work. In the Museum specimen from Durban the eye-stalks are purplish blue, and the long bristles which beset the chelipeds and walking-legs are, after years in spirit, still a rich red. The numerous ocellate markings are also conspicuous.
The species is interesting in connexion with that eastern ingenuity which appears to have imposed upon Herbst, or his draughtsman, to give this fine Pagurid a broad symmetrical tail-fan. The handsome
22 Annals of the South African Museum.
composite coloured drawing in Herbst’s plate 61, fig. 1, represents certainly no known crustacean, and Milne-Edwards (Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 237, 1837) speaks of it as an imaginary species, writing the name as Cancer megistus, Herbst, and Pagurus megistus, Olivier, while recognising its approximation to Olivier’s P. punctu- latus. Miers (Crust. of H.M.S. Alert, p. 555, 1884) on the same ground rejects Adam White’s identification. But in this matter injustice has been done to Herbst. For not only is his description of the species free from acceptance of the faulty tail-piece, but he seems to be unaware of it, for he says: ‘‘ The hind body is thick, and has above six plates; these are pale red with white brown-ringed spots ; the double claw at the end is again dark red with white spots.’”’ No one would speak of the uropods displayed in the figure as a double claw. Moreover, Herbst’s description is included in a special section of his work devoted to the ‘‘ Weichschwinze,” or soft-tailed’ crustaceans, which he notes as having been grouped by Fabricius under the name Pagurus. This fourth part of his third volume was the last which Herbst lived to publish, and in the second section of it, which contains his Cancer megistos, he admits that the subject is in need of further study. Alcock remarks that ‘ this is the largest species of the true Paguride of the Indian fauna,” so that Herbst’s name for it was quite appropriate, and it seems fair that it should be reinstated.
Henderson (Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., Ser. 2, vol. v., pt. 10, p. 419, 1893), though retaining the name P. punctulatus, says, ‘the Cancer megistos figured by Herbst is undoubtedly a representation of the present species, but the draughtsman has supplied it with an altogether fanciful abdomen.”
The two descriptions given by Olivier differ in that his P. punctu- latus from the Isle of Timor has a little median tooth on the front of the carapace of which the P. megistos specimen from the Cape is devoid, and in that to this latter he attributes eye-peduncles little elongate, while in the Timor specimen they are said to be thick and tolerably long.
PAGURUS ARROSOR (Herbst).
1796. Cancer arrosor, Herbst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. i1., pt. 6, p. 170, pl. 43, fig. 1.
1802. Pagurus strigosus, Bosc., Hist. Nat. Crust., vol: it, p. ¢7, pl. 11, fig. 3, and P. arrosor, p. 80.
1803. Pagurus striatus, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Insectes, vol. vi., p. 163, and P. arrosor, p. 170.
South African Crustacea. 23
1811. Pagurus incisus, Olivier, Encycl. Méth., vol. viii., p. 641.
1826. Pagurus incisus, Audouin, Savigny’s Crust. d’Egypte, pl. 9, fig. 1.
1888. Pagurus striatus, Henderson, Challenger Anomura, Reports, vol, xxvii., p. 595.
1900. Pagurus arrosor, A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, Crust. Decap. Travailleur et Talisman, p. 178.
1905. Pagurus arrosor, Aleock, Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, p. 168.
1907. Dardanus arrosor, M. J. Rathbun, notes to Stimpson’s North Pacific Crust., Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 206.
As usual an elaborate synonymy is supplied by Alcock, of which only a small part is here given. Various authors, beginning with Latreille (vaguely) in 1805, have recognised the prior claim of Herbst’s specific name arrosor, and have nevertheless set it on one side. Latreille took the same liberty with Bose’s strigosus, probably on the ground that the word as used by the Romans meant lean or meagre, not, as Bose no doubt intended, full of strig@. The latter sense would have been appropriate, because in this species the chelipeds and walking- legs are thickly traversed by scales or scutes resembling the marks left on a plot of grass freshly mown by a scythe. It is, however, worth remembering that this kind of ornamentation is shared by some of the species in two other genera, Aniculus, Dana, and Nematopagurus, Milne-Edwards and Bouvier.
Since this species is met with in all the tropical and subtropical seas, it is not surprising that some forms should have received varietal names. One of these was at first regarded as an independent species by A. Milne-Edwards, under the name Aniculus petersi, 1880. In 1892 Ortmann named a variety pectinata, and in 1906 Moreira adds a var. dwergens (Arch. Mus. Nat. Rio de Janeiro, vol. xiii., p. 13, pl. 4, fig. 1), in deseribing which he speaks of Pagurus insignis, de Saussure, as one of the varieties of P. arrosor.
The species is said to attain a length of 7 or 8 inches. Milne- Edwards and Bouvier remark in regard to the collections they were examining, that it seems to attain its greatest dimensions towards Spain, and to become more and more reduced in proceeding to Senegal. The largest specimen sent by Dr. Gilchrist from South Africa is 87 mm. long, with a carapace 385 mm. in length. With this was a very small specimen. Some small specimens from Durban belong to the Durban Museum.
Locality (of large specimen). Great Fish Point Lighthouse, N. + W., 24 miles; depth, 30 fathoms; bottom, mud.
24 Annals of the South African Museum.
Gren. DIOGENES, Dana.
1852. Diogenes, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., Crust., vol. xiii., pt. 1, pp. 435, 438.
1905. Diogenes, Alcock, Indian Decapod Crust., pt. 2, pp. 25, 59, 164.
Dana gave the following definition: ‘“‘ Ophthalmic ring bearing a rostrum. Fourth pair of feet subcheliform. Left hand the larger ; fingers acuminate, calcareous at tips.” He distinguished this genus and Hupagurus (which he called Bernhardus) from Paguristes by the character that they were without appendages behind the bases of the fifth leg, whereas such appendages are present in Paguristes.
DIoGENES costTatus, Henderson.
1893. Diogenes costatus, Henderson, Tr. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., Ser. 2, vol. v., pt. 10, p. 418, pl. 39, figs. 7, 8.
1905. Diogenes costatus, Aleock, Indian Decapod Crust., pt. 2, pp. 61, 70; pl. 6; figs. 7, (a.
The present species belongs to the group in which “the rostrum is a slender simple (non-serrated) spicule’”’ (Alcock). It appears to be very nearly allied to D. pugilator (Roux), known in the south of England as well as the Mediterranean and elsewhere, and to the oriental D. avarus, Heller. But the last species has a much more narrowly elongate left cheliped.
In the specimen here attributed to D. costatus the carapace has the antero-lateral margins serrulate, the rostrum shorter than the subtriangular spinulose ophthalmic scales, the antennal acicle a simple spine, strongly spinose along the inner edge, but differing from the figures in Henderson and Alcock by having a denticle on its outer edge. In describing the left cheliped Alcock says ‘‘merus a little shorter than the carpus,” the reverse of which is the case in his figure and in our specimen. Both he and Henderson lay stress on the fact that the outer surface of the palm “is traversed by a ridge which, beginning at the lower proximal angle, runs up parallel with the carpal articulation (where it is granular), and then curves round and is continued obliquely almost to the finger-cleft ’’ (Alcock). They do not refer to what is shown in their figures, the fact that the fixed finger has on its inner margin a marked prominence fitting a corresponding cavity in the inner margin of the movable finger. The little right cheliped shows a considerable gap in the closure of the setose hand and finger.
South African Crustacea, 25
Henderson says ‘the ambulatory legs are almost smooth, with the anterior margins pubescent and very faintly toothed.” In our specimen the anterior margin of the carpus in the first pair of walking-legs makes an exception to this statement by being very distinctly denticulate. Alcock says of both pairs of walking-legs, that “ the anterior edge of the carpus and propodite is spinulose and setose, the spinules of the carpus being the most distinct.’ In these limbs and the two following pairs there appear to be on the under side of the basal joints little pads of a rasp-like character, like those on the hands of the fourth and fifth legs and on the uropods.
Length of carapace about 9 mm.
Locality. Great Fish Point Lighthouse, N. + W., 24 miles; depth, 30 fathoms; bottom, mud. The shell occupied is covered by a branching coral.
MACRURA GENUINA. Trizt HRYONIDEA. Faminry HRYONIDA.
Gen. POLYCHELES, Heller.
1902. Polycheles, Stebbing, Marine Investigations, Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 35. 1905. Polycheles, Bouvier, Bull. Mus. Océanogr. Monaco, No. 28,
Dao:
POLYCHELES BEAUMONTII (?) (Alcock).
1894. Pentacheles Beawmontii, Alcock, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, Vols -adll., py 230;
1894. Pentacheles Beauwmontiz, Alcock, Illustrations Zool. Investi- gator Crustacea, pl. 8, fig. 3.
1901. Pentacheles Beawmontu, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-Sea Macrura, p. 175.
Faxon, in 1895, is inclined to regard this species as, at most, but a geographical race of the Polycheles granulatus, which he himself described in 1893. The South African specimens differ in some particulars from both accounts, but until more material is available T am unwilling to take the responsibility of instituting a new species.
26 Annals of the South African Museum.
The whole dorsal surface of the carapace is tomentose, the pubescence though short sufficing to conceal most of the dentation. The two rostral teeth are very small. The frontal margin has a tooth on the inner and two teeth on the outer side of the orbital notches, and there is a tooth or spine at the frontal end of the impacted eye-stalk. The teeth of the lateral margin are in groups of 8 and 4 in front of the cervical sulcus and 18 behind it, some of the last set being very small. The teeth of the median carina are small and obscure, but those behind the sulcus seem to be rather numerous.
In the pleon the carine of the first three segments are produced forward in very small teeth, the fourth not being produced, the fifth forming a single cusp, the sixth being, as Alcock observes, without the vestige of a carina. This at least is true of the male, but in the female the front and hind margins of the segment are a little pinched. Three ridges converge on the back of the telson towards its acute point, the centre ridge commencing with a small hump.
The first antenne have two spines on the outer side of the large first joint.
The elongate first pereeopods have in the fourth joint six unequal but conspicuous teeth distributed over the middle part of one margin. In the male specimen the third joint measures 27, the fourth 38, the fifth 33, the sixth 50 millimetres, giving a total length, including the first two joints, of more than six inches. The fingers measure 27 mm, ‘They are strongly curved at the tips. The palm to the hinge of the movable finger is 23 mm., ending in a sharp tooth, which is not adjacent to the finger.
The fifth perzeopods of the female are distinctly chelate, but those of the male should perhaps not be called chelate at all. They have a process of the sixth joint subequal to the finger in length, but the grasping edge of the finger is turned not towards this process, but away from it.
The first pleopods of the male differ little from those figured by Professor Smith for P. scwlptus.
The male specimen has a total length of 140 mm., of which the carapace is 64 and the pleon 76 mm. The carapace at the cervical groove is 51 mm. broad. The second antenne are 90 mm. long.
Locality. The male specimen was obtained from a depth of 900 fathoms, Cape Point N.E. by E. 4 E. 48 miles; the female, which is a little smaller, from 890 fathoms, Cape Point HE. 3 N. 41 miles, in each case the bottom being green mud.
South African Crustacea. 27
PoLYCHELES NANUS (Smith).
1884. Pentacheles nanus, S. I. Smith, Ann. Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm., 1882, p. 359.
1886. Pentacheles nanus, 5. I. Smith, Ann. Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm., 1885, p. 651 (47), pl. 7, figs. 1, la.
1895. Polycheles nanus, Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, yolk xviu., p. 121, pl. 33, figs. 1, la, 1d.
On the middle line of the carapace, between the rostral spines and the cervical sulcus, there are two single spines one behind the other, then a pair followed by two others in single file, whereas in Professor Smith’s specimen there was only one spine behind the pair. The dorsal part of the fifth pleon segment is unfortunately missing, but the fact of its loss is an indirect testimony to its original prominence. In other respects the pleon agrees with the oviginal description, which is as follows: “The pleon is more deeply sculptured than in P. sculptus, and the dorsal carina very much higher, the recurved carinal teeth of the third, fourth, and fifth somites are very much longer and more slender, and reach far over the somites in front. The edges of the sulcated carina on the sixth somite, instead of being low and uniform, as in P. sculptus, are very high and broken into several prominent teeth on each side, with a stouter and higher tooth at the posterior end of the sulcus.” The edges of the side-plates and the median elevation on the telson with its smaller secondary prominence also agree with Professor Smith’s account.
According to Faxon, the fifth pereeopods are chelate in both sexes ; the pleurobranchie four, one on each of the second to the fifth perewopods, the arthrobranchie eight, two to each of the first to the fourth pereeopods, which also have each a _podobranchia ; the third maxilliped has a very minute epipod, and the first to the fourth perzopods have rudimentary epipods, represented by a plate-like expansion of the base of the stem of the podobranchia.
The single South African specimen is a female, as evidenced by the sexual openings at the base of the third perswopods. Adherent to various parts of the body were several small oval eggs, but whether actually belonging to the specimen was not quite evident.
Length of specimen 65 mm., the carapace being 30 mm. long, and at the cervical groove 22 mm. broad, the pleon 35 mm. long.
28 Annals. of the South African Museum.
Locality. Cape Point N.E. by E. 2 E. 384 miles ; depth, 750-800 fathoms ; bottom, green mud.
Both Smith and Faxon suggest the possibility that P. nanus may be only a dwarf deep-water variety of P. sculptus.
Trt SCYLLARIDEA.
1893. Scyllaridea, Stebbing, Hist. Crust., Internat. Sci. Ser., vol. Iboanyay j0y JGSNe
This tribe, by Boas and many other writers called Loricata, comprises the two families Scyllaride and Palinuride. Borradaile, in his recent classification (Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xix., p. 407, 1907), retains the name Scyllaridea, but makes it one of the two “super-families’’ in his tribe Palinura, the Eryonidea being the other super-family. The Macrowres cuirassés of Milne-Edwards, for which de Haan gives the Latin Loricata, included the Galatheide and the Eryonide as well as the two families above mentioned.
Faminy SCYLLARIDA. 1837. ‘* Scyllariens’”’ (tribe), Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol.
ey on CES) 1841. Scyllaroidea (fam.), de Haan, Crust. Japon., decas quinta, p. 148.
1847. Scyllaride, White, List of Crust. in Brit. Mus., p. 67.
1852. Scyllaride, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., Crust., vol. xiii., pt. 1, p. 516.
1888. Scyllaride, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., Davo
1891. Scyllaride, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. vi., p. 38.
1900. Scyllaride, M. J. Rathbun, Proc. U.S., Nat. Mus., vol. xxii,
p. 309.
1901. Scyllaride, M. J. Rathbun, U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1900, vol. ii., ps0.
1906. Scyllaride, M. J. Rathbun, U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1903, pt. 3, p. 896.
The genera now assigned to this family are Scyllarus, Fabricius, Scyllarides, Gill, Ibacus, Leach, Thenus, Leach, Parribacus, Dana, and Pseudibacus, Guérin-Méneville, with which Miers considers Evibacus, S. I. Smith, to be synonymous (Pr. Zool. Soc. London,
South African Crustacea. 29
p. 543, 1882). With the first name it is necessary to deal warily. When Fabricius published it, in 1793, he appointed only two species, the first being Scyllarus arctus, with a long list of earlier references, while the second was a new species confessedly founded on an ill- preserved specimen. In 1893, when dealing with the genus Arctus, Dana, I ventured to remark that ‘it rather looks as if Dana had stolen the type species of Scyllarws on which to found his new genus.” With greater boldness his own countryman, Gill, in 1898, took the step of cancelling Dana’s Arctws as a synonym of Scyllarus, and of instituting the newly named genus Scyllarides for those species which Dana had separated from Arctus under the wrongful name of Scyllarus. The true and re-established Scyllarus has the rostrum very short and truncate, the exopod of the third maxillipeds without a flagellum, and the pairs of branchiz nineteen in number.
Gren. SCYLLARIDES, Gill.
1898. Scyllarides, Gill, Science, n.s., vol. vii., p. 98. 1901. Scyllarides, M. J. Rathbun, U.S. Fisb. Comm. for 1900, Vole: p- O7.
Here the rostrum is very salient, the exopod of the third maxillipeds has a flagellum, and the pairs of branchiz are twenty-one in number.
The species allotted to the genus by Dana were ‘“ Sc. sculptus, latus, squamosus, equinoxialis, Haanii, Sieboldi.’”’ Ortmann, in 1897 (Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., pp. 268-270), makes S. szeboldi, de Haan, a synonym of S. squamosus, and institutes anew species, S. elisabethe. In 1899 Whitelegge (Records of Australian Museum, vol. iii., pt. 6. p. 155, pl. 29) gave a new description and figure of S. scwlptus, Latreille. In 1906 Miss Rathbun, discussing the Brachyura and Macrura of the Hawaiian Islands, makes S. sieboldi, de Haan, and S. haanit, de Siebold, MS., de Haan, both synonyms of Scyllarides squammosus (Milne-EKdwards).
Of these species the first in the field is S. equenoctialis, Lund, 1793, followed by S. latus, Latreille, 1803. For the differences between them Ortmann (loc. cit.) and Milne-Edwards (Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., pp. 284, 285) should be consulted. That a good series of specimens would unite them is not impossible. As synonyms of Scyllarides latus, Miss Rathbun, in 1900, gives Scyllarus herklotsw, Pel, in Herklots, and Scyllarus dehaani, Herklots, 1851. To S. squammosus, Milne-Edwards, 1837, we have seen that Miss Rathbun and Ortmann agree in giving S. sieboldi, de Haan, 1841, as
30 Annals of the South African Museum.
a synonym. But Ortmann who, in 1891, considered the differences between S. szeboldi and its contemporary species S. haanii as ‘quite small and scarcely visible,’ in 1897 reinstates S. haanw as an independent species. There are indeed in de Haan’s figure of S. haanw, von Siebold, several points which separate it from its companion species. Instead of the antero-lateral angles of the carapace being square as in S. @quinoctialis or obtuse as in S. steboldi, they ave acutely advanced, and the constriction at the cervical groove is more pronounced than in the other species. On each branchial region there is a curved line of upraised tubercles at some distance from the lateral margin, and the lateral lobes of the second pleon segment have their margins cut into eight upward, outward, and downward pointing teeth not found elsewhere. The nearest ally of this species appears to be S. sculptus, Latreille, figured in the ‘‘ Encyclopédie Méthodique,”’ pl. 320, fig. 2, 1818, and mentioned without special description in vol. x., p. 416, 1825. In 1837 it was described for the first time by H. Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i1., p. 283. On the presumption that the specimens which I have received from South Africa belong to the species which Ortmann has very briefly described under the name S. elisabethe, from the Cape and Port Elizabeth, I propose to compare that species with S. sculptus as re-figured and re-described by Whitelegge.
ScYLLARIDES ELISABETH (Ortmann). Plate XXX. 1857. Scyllarus elisabethe, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., p. 270.
The characters given by Ortmann are: carpus (fifth joint) of the first and second perzeopods above without keels, at most with blunt longitudinal rolls, as distinguished from the two sharp longitudinal keels in S. squammosus ; keels of the fourth jot with no marked wing-like elevation ; sixth joint of the second perszeopod above com- pletely rounded, without edge (features attributed in common to S. equinoctialis and S. elisabethe as distinguished from S. latws and S. haanit) ; ante-penultimate joint of the second antenne having at its front outer corner a straight tooth (a feature distinguishing three of the species just mentioned from S. latus, in which the tooth in question is hook-shaped upward curved); pleon humped, especially on the third and fourth segments; cephalothorax with a distinct lateral notch behind the eyes (as opposed to S. @quinoctialis, in which the pleon is scarcely humped, and the lateral notch of the carapace evanescent).
South African Crustacea. 31
In these characters there is nothing tangible, I think, by which S. elisabethe could be separated from S. sculptus. It may be observed in passing that, if the figures of S. latus by Savigny and Guérin-Méneville can be trusted, the curvature of the tooth on the ante-penultimate joint of the second antenne is of little or no importance. It is, however, to this joint that attention should be directed. In the South African specimens the outer border is cut into five well-marked teeth, well though not quite regularly spaced and graduated, the front one very large and the hindmost very small, but the longest interval being between the second and third, and the last two teeth rather abruptly smaller than the first three. In Whitelegge’s figure of S. sculptus the first three teeth of this border are crowded together, and near to the front one there is a large one on the distal border, which is entirely unrepresented in S. elisabethe. Latreille’s figure of S. sculptus (Encycl. Méth., Atlas, pl. 320, fig. 2, 1818) also shows the crowding together of the spines on the outer margin, with very irregular sculpture of the distal border.
In the present species the antero-lateral angles of the carapace are more sharply produced forward than in any hitherto figured member of the genus. Behind the front tooth the lateral margin is cut into six teeth, successively smaller, passing in a gentle curve to the constriction at the cervical sulcus, at which there is a tooth standing out very distinct from those before and behind it, but not so large as the front lateral tooth. In S. sculptus, according to Whitelegge, the tooth at this point is equal to or larger than that at the antero-lateral angle. Also in S. sculptws numerous more or less acute spines and spiniform tubercles are described by Whitelegge as occupying the dorsal surface of the carapace. In the present species there are four or five bluntish teeth on each half of the frontal margin, two that are definitely spiniform on each side of the orbit, with a very little one to the rear of the inner orbital pair. Along the centre line are two on the gastric region followed by a widely separated transverse pair and then by a transverse pair near together just behind the faintly marked median groove,
The first pleon segment is described by Whitelegge as having the coxal plate in S. scwlptus bilobed; in the present species it forms a single lobe. Similarly the second segment is here not bilobed. It has the upper margin more or less strongly denticulate, curving back to a strong tooth within which six or seven graduated teeth form the curved lower or hind margin. The four following segments have the upper or front margin faintly crenulate, curving back to a strong tooth, within which the hind border is cut into some seven
32 Annals of the South African Museum.
teeth, regularly graduated in the third and fourth segments but irregularly in the fifth; in the sixth segment the outer tooth is followed not by a convex hind border but by an oblique truncate crenulate lateral margin. The telson is squarish, distally truncate, but with the corners rounded.
The fifth pereeopods are simple in the male specimen, but in the two female specimens which still possess them they are, as might be expected, chelate. The tooth-like prolongation of the sixth joint, however, is here so short in comparison with the finger that it would scarcely have been thought of as chela-forming but for its fuller development in other species, such as S. @quinoctialis. It may be noticed that in de Haan’s plates S. szeboldi is the figure of a female, S. haani of a male, to judge by the fifth legs.
A dried specimen, female, some of the legs missing, from Algoa Bay, measures 93 mm. across the front of the carapace. Another dried specimen, also a female, probably from the same locality, measures 60 mm. across the front, with a length of 130 mm., or, including the second antenne, 165 mm. These are from the Durban Museum. ‘The following were collected by Dr. Gilchrist.
A male specimen from Cape St. Blaize W. 4+ N. 54 miles, depth 28 fathoms, bottom fine dark sand, measures 80 mm. across the front, 180 mm. in length, or with antenne 225 mm.
A female specimen, from St. Sebastian Bay, depth about 20 fathoms, measures across the whole front 70 mm., between the orbits 38 mm., the carapace 70 mm. long, or with rostral process 75 mm., the pleon 105 mm. long; total length of the specimen, including the second antennez, 220 mm.; second pleon segment 60 mm. broad, sixth 42 mm. broad, telson 33 mm. broad and 27 mm. long.
This, which is the subject of the photographic plate, was received at 10.30 a.m. on Sunday morning, March 26, 1905. Mr. J. Stuart Thomson, writing from the Cape, March 8, 1905, explained its place of origin, and added, ‘‘ We received it yesterday in the fresh condi- tion, and have had it frozen, as we thought you might find it interesting.’’ The post-office at Tunbridge Wells, entering into the spirit of the transaction, gave it a special delivery on Sunday, and the messenger contributed his own advice that the cooking might safely be delayed till a more secular opportunity. As received, the colouring was dorsally a fine bright red, enhanced by the grey pattern on the lower part of the second antenne, on the middle of the carapace, and the middle of its distal border, the latter part, however, having in the actual centre a bright red spot. The first pleon segment has an alternation of four grey and five red patches,
South African Crustacea. 33
the following segments being also diversified with red and grey. The second and third joints and the flagella of the first antenne were a bright pale red; the underside of the second antenne pale yellowish and red intermingled ; the under surface of the body and legs yellowish, but the legs conspicuous with three purple-red bands respectively on the fourth, fifth, and sixth joints, the fingers being red at the base, horn-coloured at the tips, and yellow in between. The localities mentioned by Dr. Ortmann are the Cape and Port Klizabeth.
Famity PALINURIDA.
This family has been already considered in these notices of South African Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 29, 1900, and pt. 2, p. 37, 1902.
Guy. PANULIRUS (Gray, MS.), White.
1847. Panulirus (Gray, MS.), White, List of Crust. in Brit. Mus., p.69.
1852. Panulirus, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust., vol. xiii., p. 519.
1888. Panulirus, Bate, Challenger Macrura, p. 77.
1891. Senex, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. vi., p. 22.
1897. Panulirus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., p. 260.
1905. Panulirus, Bouvier, Bull. Mus. Océanogr. Monaco, No. 29.
1906. Panulirus, Nobili, Mem. Soc. Espanola Hist. Nat., vol. i., p. 300.
1906. Panulirus, Nobili, Bull. Sci. France-Belgique, vol. xl., p. 59.
PANULIRUS PENICILLATUS (Olivier). 1837. Palinurus penicillatus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 11., p. 299. 1841. Palinurus penicillatus, de Haan, decas quinta, p. 157, pls. Land M, fig. 5. 1891. Senex penicillatus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. vi., p. 28.
Several additions to the synonymy, which begins with Astacus penicillatus, Olivier, Eneycl. Méth., vol. vi., p. 3438, 1791, will be found under the references to Milne-Edwards and Ortmann. The species was transferred to Palinurus by Olivier in 1811, and to Panulirus by White in 1847. There seems no reason to doubt that the dried specimen from the Durban Museum belongs to this species. It has an individual peculiarity. The little group of spines on the segment of the first antenne is reduced to three, a small pair in front with a larger spine immediately behind the left member of
3
34 Annals of the South African Museum.
the anterior pair, but no trace of any spine behind the right-hand member.
The third maxillipeds have the characteristic short exopod, without flagellum. The pleon segments have no interrupted furrows. The free lateral portions of the first four segments are denticulate above, and each forms a strong backward curving apical tooth. The fifth perxopods have the chela-forming processes on the distal end of the sixth joint and base of the finger, which are characteristic of the female.
The length of the specimen is 210 mm. from the front to the end of telson. It is supposed to have come from the Agulhas Bank.
PANULIRUS BURGER! (de Haan).
1841. Palinurus biirgeri, de Haan, Crust. Japon., decas quinta, pp. 157, 159, 238, pls. 43 and 44, fig. 1.
1866. Palinurus burgert, Heller, Novara-Reise Crust., p. 95.
1891. Senex biirgert, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. vi., p. 32.
1892. Palinurus burgert, de Man, in Weber’s Zool. Ergebn. Niederl. Ost-Indien, vol. 11., p. 354.
1897. Panulirus biirgert, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., p. 268.
1905. Panulirus biirgerit, Bouvier, Bull. Mus. Océanogr. Monaco, No. 29, p. 4.
The modified vowel in biirgeri is used on de Haan’s plate, which is perhaps earlier than the text, and is also found in the index, though in the text itself of the description the form is burgeri. Dr. de Man calls attention to the circumstance that Heller (loc. cit.) and Alphonse Milne-Edwards (Nouv. Arch. Mus., vol. iv., p. 89) describe the trans- verse furrows on the pleon segments of this species as interrupted in the middle, which according to de Haan is not the case, although in the specimen from Makassar de Man found some interruption on the second and third segments and an indication of it on the fourth segment. One of the marks which de Haan uses for distinguishing this species from P. dasypus, Latreille, is the character that in the latter the furrows are interrupted, while in P. biirgeri they are con- tinuous. Heller uses the same distinction, but evidently bya slip of the pen has transposed the characters.
The South African specimen of this rare and beautiful species shows, I think, all the requisite characters for its identification. The third maxillipeds are without exopod. The exopod of the second maxilli- peds is without any distinguishable flagellum. The second and third joints of these maxillipeds are so closely united that the place of origin of the exopod is only with difficulty made out, and its appear-
South African Crustacea. 35
ance is very different from the corresponding appendage in P. regis (Brito Capello) as figured by Dr. Nobili in the Mem. Soc. Espafola, vol. i., pl. 8, fig. la, 1906. The epistome agrees with de Haan’s account in having three spines, with no intermediate spinules. The plate of the first antennz is armed with four large spaced spines, within which are two that are much smaller. Four of these intermediates are mentioned by de Haan, but only two are shown in his figure. Both within and without the square there are some insignificant spicules. The ornamentation of the carapace and pleon agrees remarkably well with de Haan’s description and figure. The transverse furrows on the pleon are continuous and straight, except the one on the sixth segment, which is lobed as in the figure. The first antennee are 155 mm. long. The carapace in the middle line measures 52 mm., and the pleon 105 mm. Locality. Fishing ground, Algoa Bay. One specimen, a male. After the account of the specimen in spirit sent by Dr. Gilchrist had long been written, a specimen from Port Elizabeth was for- warded to me by Mr. FitzSimons. This example is considerably larger, the carapace in the middle line measuring 67 mm. Being dry, it had suffered considerably in transit. The appendages are so brittle that they seem ready to break in pieces at a look, unless it is a cautiously respectful one. From a comparison, however, of the two specimens, I should now say that the exopod of the second maxillipeds appears to have a short second joint in line with the long first one. In the dry specimen the marginal spaces between the three teeth of the epistome are denticulate, and in the other specimen a little denticle can be felt rather than seen in each space. On the plate of the first antenne the dry specimen has between its four large spines five little ones. In general its ornamentation is like that of the other example, and the sex is the same.
Trine CARIDEA.
In regard to the species described and figured in part 3, p. 107, pl. 248, of this series, it is desirable here to notice that, as Mr. Stanley W. Kemp has shown, in “ Fisheries, Ireland Sci. Invest., 1905, I. [1906],” the name Acanthephyra batet was preoccupied, and further that the form is probably to be regarded only as one of the many varieties or synonyms of Acanthephyra purpurea, A. Milne- Edwards. Nobili, Bull. Sci. France-Belgique, vol. xl., extr. p. 22, 1906, suggests that the species referred in pt. 3, p. 87, to Sergestes bisulcatus, Wood-Mason, belongs rather to S. prehensilis, Bate.
36 Annals of the South African Musewm.
Famitry GLYPHOCRANGONIDAi.
1882. Rhachocarine, 8. 1. Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. x., p. 41.
1884. Glyphocrangonide, S. I. Smith, Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1882, p. 364.
1888. Nikide (part), Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., p. 503.
1898. Processide (part), Ortmann, in Bronn’s Thierreich, vol. v., pt. 2, p. 1124.
1901. Glyphocrangonide, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-Sea Macrura, p. 124.
Alcock divides the family into two groups, assigning to Glypho- crangon the species which have the eyes large and deeply pigmented (purple in spirit), and which have eleven branchiw on either side, and to a sub-genus Plastocrangon those in which the eyes are small and unpigmented (pale yellow in spirit), and which have only nine branchiz on either side, there being no arthrobranchiz pertaining to the first and second perseopods.
Gen. GLYPHOCRANGON, A. Milne-Edwards. 1881. Glyphocrangon, A. M.-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., Ser. 6,
VOI. X15, p.. 3.
1882. Rhachocaris, 8. I. Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool, vol. x., Dew.
1884. Glyphocrangon, 8. I. Smith, Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1882, p. 364.
1888. Glyphocrangon, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., p. 903.
1895. Glyphocrangon, Faxon, Mem. Mus.Comp. Zool, vol. xviil., p. 137. 1901. Glyphocrangon, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-Sea Macrura, p. 125.
The establishment of Rhachocaris as a separate genus was due to errors in the original account of Glyphocrangon. According to Bate there are six pleuro-branchiz, belonging respectively to the third maxillipeds, and each of the five perzeopods,and four arthro-branchie, belonging to the third maxillipeds and each of the first three perzo- pods. Professor Smith, on the other hand, affirms that there are only five pleuro-branchiew, one for each of the five perseopods, and six arthro-branchiz, two on the third maxillipeds and one on each of
South African Crustacea. 37
the first four perzeopods, the first and second maxillipeds having each an epipod. With this branchial formula Alcock’s account agrees, except as to the species referred to his sub-genus Plastocrangon. It may be noticed that in the original description of G. longirostris (Smith), from a specimen 54 mm. long, the eyes, with a diameter about one-fifth the length of the rostrum, were (in spirit) devoid of coloured pigment, thus making an approach to Plastocrangon, but in larger specimens subsequently described the eyes (in spirit) were dark purplish brown, and nearly a third of the rostrum’s length in diameter. If the branchial formula which Bate has recorded should prove to be correct for the species which he describes, or for any of them, it is obvious that such species would form a division apart both from Glyphocrangon and Plastocrangon.
GLYPHOCRANGON SCULPTUS (Smith).
1882. Rhachocaris sculpta, S. I. Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. x., p. 49, pl. 5, fig. 3, pl. 6, figs. 3, 3a-d.
1884. Glyphocrangon sculptus, Smith, Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1882, p. 365.
1886. Glyphocrangon sculptus, Smith, Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1885, p. 655 (51), pl. 8, fig. 3, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2.
The South African specimens which I assign to this species have a character which, if not peculiar to it, is certainly uncommon. The side-plate of the fifth pleon segment is distally tripartite, having (as Smith notes) three acute points instead of the usual two.
The rostrum is apically strongly upcurved, with a pair of teeth in front of the eyes and another pair just behind them. The four principal dorsal carinz of the carapace are formed by rows of tooth-like tubercles. The large antero-lateral tooth is followed by two teeth, successively much smaller, constituting a carina which reaches the cervical sulcus; the continuation of this carina behind the sulcus is feebly undulating. The median carina of the pleon is rather variable on the sixth segment, the proximal division varying between two acute points and two that are more or less blunt.
The eyes in the preserved specimens are not dark purple but deep orange. In the second antenne the small tooth of the scale is about at the middle of the outer margin. There are nine stout spines, besides some that are slighter, on the middle lobe of the first maxilla. On the terminal joint of the second maxillipeds there are six stout spines and a great many slender ones.
38 Annals of the South African Musewm.
The first pereeopods have the third joint produced into a tooth.
The second pereopod on the left side has the fifth joint (the carpus) divided into twenty compartments. That on the right side also appears to agree with Professor Smith’s reckoning, accord- ing to which it should have twenty-three compartments. The fingers of the fourth and fifth perzeopods are cleft, but the divisions seem to be of equal length and closely contiguous.
The branchie agree with the formula given by Smith and Alcock for Glyphocrangon.
The specimen specially examined for this description measured 75 mm. in length: It contained the Bopyrid Bathygyge grandis, Hansen, on the right side of the carapace. Another specimen was of just the same length. A third was 77:5 mm. long. A fourth was smaller than the other three. These four were dredged at the same station, Cape Point N.E. by H. + EH. 40 miles; depth 800-900 fathoms ; bottom, green mud. A specimen 88 mm. long was obtained at about 800 fathoms depth, Cape Point N. 70° EH. 40 miles. At each of two other stations, but at the same locality and depth as the station first mentioned, a single specimen was obtained, each measuring 75 mm. in length.
GLYPHOCRANGON LONGIROSTRIS (Smith).
1882. Rhachocaris longirostris, 8. I. Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. xp. ol, plo, fig. lp plG, fg...
1884. Glyphocrangon longirostris, Smith, Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1882, p. 365.
1886. Glyphocrangon longirostris, Smith, Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1885, p. 655 (51), pl. 8, figs. 1, 2, pl. 9, figs. 3, 4, 5.
Eyes long retaining a purple hue. Between this and the pre- ceding species there are two tolerably clear distinguishing features. Behind the large antennal and antero-lateral spines, the carina ends in a single anterior tooth, the after part having no further dentation. The side-plate of the fifth pleon segment has its lower margin cut only into two teeth, not three. What may be the true systematic value of these two characters remains somewhat un- certain. In his later account of the species Professor Smith says, when speaking of the teeth or spines on the lower margin of the pleon segments, “there is usually no posterior spine on the fifth.” As apparently he had only four specimens in all, it may be surmised that one out of the four had a posterior or third tooth on the fifth pleon segment. The proximal division of the median carina of
South African Crustacea, 39
the sixth pleon segment in this form is simple, without division into two, whether teeth or tubercles.
By depending on a minute system of comparative measurements one might perhaps in this genus found several species upon specimens very closely connected in their actual origin.
A specimen 79 mm. long was procured at a depth between 750 and 800 fathoms, Cape Point N.E. by E. 2 E. 384 miles; bottom, green mud. At the same locality, but in a different haul, a specimen measuring (with tip of rostrum broken) 92 mm. was obtained, this being a female with eggs, very much more bulky than the preceding. At a neighbouring station, Cape Point N. 77 E., depth 660 to 700 fathoms, bottom green mud, a similar female specimen was obtained, measuring 107 mm. in length. Lastly, a quite slender specimen, 74 mm. long, was obtained on similar ground, between 720 and 800 fathoms, Cape Point by D.R. N.E. 3 EH. 40 miles.
Practically all the specimens, both those assigned to G. sculptws and those to G. longirostris, were obtained in the same vicinity, on ground of one character, and at considerable depths. Professor Smith describes a female of G. sculptus 108 mm. long, and the same sex of G. longirostris 107 mm. in length. Should one of the species have to be cancelled, it is the latter that must fall, since G. sculptus has page precedence.
Famity PALAUMONIDA.
1905. Palemonide, Coutiére, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., Ser. 8, vol. xii., p. 249. In his treatise here cited, on ‘“‘ Les Paleemonide des eaux douces de Madagascar,” Professor Coutiére supplies a long bibliography of this family from de Haan in 1836 down to the year 1900.
Gen. MACROTEROCHEIR, nom. nov.
1891. Palemon (Macrobrachiwm), Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. v., pp. 696, 733.
1897. Macrobrachium (sub-gen.), Ortmann, Revista do Museu Paulista, N. 2, p. 199.
1905. Palemon (Macrobrachiwm), Coutiére, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 8, vol. xii., pp. 252, 267, 273, 287.
Spence Bate, in the Challenger Macrura, p. 788, 1888, reduces to a synonym of Bithynis, Philippi, the genus which, in 1868 (Proce.
40 Annals of the South African Museum.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 363), he had named Macrobrachiwn. In reviving the name for a sub-genus or “ group,” Ortmann does not appear to have included under it any of the species originally assigned to it by Bate himself. The first of these was WM. americanum, which in Ortmann’s system becomes Palemon (Brachy- carpus) jamaicensis (Herbst), and is named Bithynis jamaicensis by Miss Rathbun in 1901. Bate’s M. formosense and M. longi- digitum are referred to Hupalemon, M. africanum is made a synonym of Bithynis gaudichaudw (Milne-Edwards). M. gangeti- cum, insufficiently described, is not mentioned, but would probably be referred to Hupalemon. Under the circumstances the retention of the hybrid name Macrobrachiwm does not seem justifiable, and I have substituted for it a name implying that in this genus one member of the pair of large chelipeds decidedly exceeds the other in size.
Coutiére says: “The group Macrobrachium is well characterised in general by the palm [of the second persopods| compressed, oval, broader than the carpus at its distal end, which gives the most differentiated species of this group the aspect of Astacidee (P. lepidactylus). The carpus and meropodite, each distally inflated, are in general nearly equal.” He adds the caution that young forms, and also the adults of certain species, resemble species of Parapalemon and Hupalemon by the feeble compression and small breadth of the palm.
MACROTEROCHEIR LEPIDACTYLUS (Hilgendorf).
1878. Palemon lepidactylus, Hilgendorf, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin, p. 838, pl. 4, figs. 14-16.
1891. Palemon lepidactylus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. v., p. 735.
1905. Palemon (Macrobrachiwm) lepidactylus, Coutiére, Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 8, vol. xii., p. 272, pl. 10, pl. 11, figs. 18, 18a.
Coutiére includes in the synonymy Palemon lepidactyloides, de Man, 1892 (in Max Weber’s Zool. Ergebn. Niederl. Ost-Indien, vol. ii., p. 497, pl. 29, fig. 51). The careful comparison which he institutes of a large number of specimens makes it fairly certain that there is no need for two specific names.
In a large dried specimen from the Durban Museum the rostrum has 13 teeth above and 2 below, its apex fully reaching the end of the peduncle of the first antenn, the teeth not nearly reaching the middle of the carapace. The great left-hand cheliped has a total length of about 190 mm., the movable finger being 45 mm.
South African Crustacea. 41
and the dorsal margin of the palm 40 mm. In bulk this appendage appears nearly to equal all the rest of the animal, which has a length of 140 mm., the carapace including rostrum being 60 mm. The outer ramus of the uropods is rather longer than the inner. The broad brushes of hairs within the concave finger and thumb of the smaller cheliped are a striking feature.
Another dried specimen measures 113 mm. in length, with large cheliped 134 mm. long, finger 33 mm. and back of palm 31 mm. ; upper teeth of rostrum 13. From Umgeni lagoon (Natal). Durban Museum. A third specimen, from the Durban Museum and Durban waters, 140 mm. long, with 12 upper teeth on the rostrum, has the large cheliped on the right side, with the finger 38 mm. long, and back of palm only 25 mm.
Gen. HUPALAIMON, Ortmann.
1891. Palemon (Hupalemon) (group), Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol v., pp. 696, 697.
1897. Hupalemon (sub-gen.), Ortmann, Revista do Museu Paulista, INGE ps LOG:
1905. Palemon (Hupalemon), Coutiére, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 8, vol. xii., pp. 252, 266, 273, 287.
EUPAL4MON RuDIS (Heller).
1862. Palemon rudis, Heller, Verh. Zool. bot. Gesell. Wien, p. 527.
1866. Palemon rudis, Heller, Reise Novara Crust., p. 114.
1878. Palemon Mossambicus, Hilgendorf, Monatsb. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, p. 839, pl. 4, fig. 17.
1891. Palemon (Eupalemon) rudis (?),Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol.v., Pp1 O99; (1G:
1891. Paiemon (Macrobrachium) mossambicus, Ortmann, Zool. Jabrb., vol. v. p. 741.
1905. Palemon (Hupalemon) rudis, Coutiére, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 8, vol. xii., pp. 273, 288, pl. 12, figs. 23, 24.
The first of the above references I have not seen, and for the identification of Hilgendorf’s species with the earlier name given by Heller I have been guided by Professor Coutiére’s discussion. He gives the following characters as distinctive of LH. rudis. In common with other members of the group, sub-genus, or genus, it has the second pair of feet cylindrical, rarely unsymmetrical, fifth joint longer than the fourth, palm not depressed, cylindrical. In common with H. ida (Heller) it has the carapace scabrous, but it has
42 Annals of the South African Museum.
the fifth joint of the second pair of feet shorter than the chela, not longer as in P. ide, and for further distinction the fingers are not short but as long as the palm, armed with two rows of tubercles, and the chela covered with hairy felt. Hilgendorf him- self recognised the close approximation of his species to Heller’s P. rudis, but found the chele free from felt.
A specimen from Durban agrees with the characters given by Coutiére, except that the felting appears to be almost completely worn off. The rostral carina, which reaches slightly beyond the outer tooth of the antennal plate, has 12 teeth above and 4 below. The flagellum of the second antenne is 180 mm. long, the body of the creature having a length of 125mm. The long chelipeds are almost exactly equal, the fourth joint 50, the fifth 70, and the sixth 110 mm. long. The finger has a length of 58 mm. The apices of finger and thumb are curved and cross one another, the inner margins otherwise in closure being closely applied.
Locality. Durban. Two much smaller specimens from the same waters appear to agree well with the one above noticed in general character.
SCHIZOPODA.
1885. Schizopoda, Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol. xiii.
Famiry LOPHOGASTRIDAS.
1885. Lophogastride, Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol. xiii., p. 13.
1905. Lophogastride (sub-order), H. J. Hansen, Bull. Mus. de Monaco, No. 30, p. 9d.
1906. Lophogastride, Ortmann, Proc. U.S. Mus., vol. xxxi., p. 23.
GEN. GNATHOPHAUSIA, von Willemoes Suhm.
1875. Gnathophausia, von Willemoes Suhm, Trans. Linn. Soe. London, Ser. 2, vol. i., pt. 1, p. 28.
1885. Gnathophausia, Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol. xiii., p. 20.
1905. Gnathophausia, Holt and Tattersall, Ann. Rep. Fish. Ireland, 1902-3, pt. 2, App. 4, p. 123.
1906. Gnathophausia, Ortmann, Proc. U.S. Mus., vol. xxxi., p. 27.
Sars, who, by an obvious misprint, makes the date of the genus 1879 instead of 1875, gives a synopsis of nine species. Ortmann,
South African Crustacea. 43
twenty-one years later, offers a synopsis still including the same number of species. The two lists are not in entire agreement, but very near to one another, although in the interval several species had been recorded in addition to those mentioned by Sars. Ortmann, however, disposes of them as follows. He regards G. bengalensis, Wood-Mason, 1891, as a synonym of G. calcarata, Sars, G. brevi- spunis, Wood-Mason and Alcock, 1891, and G. dentata, Faxon, 1893, as synonyms of G. gracilis, Suhm, and G. drepanephora, Holt and Tattersall, 1905, as the young stage of G. gigas, Suhm. He reduces G. sarsi, Wood-Mason, 1891, to a variety of G. zoéa, Suhm, and makes G. willemoesi, Sars, a synonym of that species, finally restoring the impaired total by himself instituting a new species, G. scapularis.
GNATHOPHAUSIA CALCARATA, G. O. Sars. 1883. Gnathophausia calcarata, Sars, Forh. Selsk. Christiania, INO vps 0: 1885. Gnathophausia calcarata, Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol. xili., p. 35, pl. 4. 1906. Gnathophausia calcarata, Ortmann, Proce. U.S. Mus., vol. xxxi., pp. 27, 30, pl. 1, fig. 2a-f.
The specimen has the antennal scale shaped exactly as figured by Sars for this species. There are, however, seven unequal teeth on the outer margin, where Sars speaks of five or six and Ortmann of three to six. The rostrum is broken, but the remaining proximal portion is consistent with an elongate termination. The lower hind angles of the carapace are produced as long serrate spines. The epimeral plate of the sixth pleon segment appears to be intermediate between those represented in Ortmann’s figures 2c and 2d. Ortmann had the advantage of examining 40 specimens, ranging from 42 mm. to about 115 mm. in length, and he found considerable variation due to age in the ventral epimeral plate of the sixth pleon segment, so that it was only in old specimens that the bifid points of the epimera have the inner point much shorter than the outer. In G. ingens (Dohrn) the inner point is slightly the longer, but Ortmann supposes it possible that in very old females G. calcarata may assume this character, in which case the latter name would become a synonym of G. ingens, there being no other stable dis- tinction between the two.
Length of specimen 62 mm., but had the rostrum been complete and as long as the rest of the carapace, the total length would have been at least 80 mm,
44 Annals of the South African Museum.
Locality. Cape Point, by D, R. N.E. 2 E. 40 miles; depth, 720 to 800 fathoms ; bottom, green mud.
SLOMATORODA: Famity SQUILLIDA.
Gren. SQUILLA, Fabricius.
1793. Squilla, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., vol. ii., p. 511. 1902. Squilla, Stebbing, South African Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 43.
SQUILLA NEPA, Latreille.
1825. Squilla nepa, Latreille, Encyel. Méth. Hist. Nat., x., p. 471.
1894. Squilla nepa, Bigelow, Proc. U.S. Mus., vol. xvii., pp. 511, 535, fig. 21.
1903. Squilla nepa, Nobili, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, vol. xviii., N. 452, p. 23, and N. 455, p. 38.
A discussion of the synonymy is supplied in Dr. Bigelow’s treatise. The question is rather complicated, for Latreille, by giving a reference to Herbst’s figure of Mantis digitalis (Naturg. Krabben und Krebse, pl. 33, fig. 1), appears to identify his species with that represented by Herbst. The latter authority, however, does not claim a new species. He adopts the preoccupied Mantis as a substitute for Squilla, and then very sensibly remarks, ‘‘ As I have given the generic name Mantis to this whole family, I have not been able to give that name to this single species. He thought it was out of the question to call a species Mantis mantis, and therefore in place of Squilla mantis, Auctorum, wrote Mantis digitalis. It is fairly certain that he confused a new species with the old one, but it cannot be positively affirmed that his figure represents Latreille’s Squilla nepa. Dr. Bigelow points out that Latreille’s original de- scription covers two distinct forms, already carefully distinguished by Berthold in 1845, as respectively S. nepa, Latreille, and S. affincs. In regard to these he says, ‘“‘ As Berthold was the first to separate these species, we should undoubtedly follow his nomenclature, regarding the small-eyed form as S. nepa, Latreille, and giving his name S. affinis to the other. Berthold’s description of the latter is very complete, is accompanied by measurements and figures, and was published years before de Haan’s. I cannot see that de Haan had any warrant for replacing Berthold’s name for this species by one of his own, and the latter should be dropped.” As against this
South African Crustacea. 45
last conclusion, however, it has to be considered that, though de Haan’s description of his Squwilla oratoria was not published till 1849, the named drawing of it (pl. 51, fig. 2) in the Atlas of the Crustacea Japonica antedates Berthold’s paper. While giving the reference to Berthold’s S. affinis as a synonym of S. oratora, de Haan, the Dutch writer clearly makes this claim, when he says, “the name of the species on the long since published plate holds good.’ Certainly the distinguishing marks of S. affinis, so far as they are explained by Berthold and accepted by Dr. Bigelow, seem to be made sufficiently clear in de Haan’s figure of S. oratoria. The principal points are that this species has large triangular eyes, with corneal axis oblique and at least as long as the peduncular axis, the median carina of the carapace not bifurcated for more than one- fourth of its length, and the finger of the raptorial claw with outer margin little or not at all sinuate. Dr. Nobili (loc. cit. 1903) describes a form from Nias and Singapore under the name Squilla affuus, Berthold, var. intermedia.
Squilla nepa, as described by Dr. Bigelow, has very small eyes, the corneal axis at right angles to the peduncular and about three- fourths its length, the median carina of the carapace bifurcate for nearly or more than half its length, and the finger of the raptorial claw deeply sinuate on its outer margin. The specimen sent me from the Durban Museum agrees with these and other characters given by the same author. The first three exposed thoracic segments are variously bilobed at the sides. The distal border of the telson has between the six marginal spines on each half three submedian, ten intermediate, and one lateral denticle.
Length of specimen, from front of rostrum to a point level with apex of hindmost telsonic spines, 145 mm. A second specimen, dried, is 155 mm. long, with intermediate spines 8 and 9 in number.
Locality. Durban.
ISOPODA GENUINA. Tre FLABELULIFERA.
Famity HURYDICIDA.
1880. Cirolanide, Harger, Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1878, p. 304.
1890. Cirolanide, Hansen, Vid. Selsk. Skr., Ser. 6, vol. ii., p. 275.
1905. Eurydicide, Stebbing, in Herdman’s Rep. Ceylon Pearl Fisheries, pt. iv., Isopoda, p. 10.
46 Annals of the South African Museum.
Gren. CONILORPHEUS, Stebbing.
1905. Conilorpheus, Stebbing, in Herdman’s Rep. Ceylon Pearl Fisheries, pt. iv., Isopoda, pp. 11, 13.
For the reception of a second species the character of the genus must be slightly modified. In the type species, C. herdmanz, the inner plate of the first maxilla carries four plumose sete. The form about to be described, however, has only three such set in accord with the more general custom of the family. Here also the process of the peduncle of the uropods is not exceptionally elongate.
In the Isopoda of the Pearl Fisheries Report a synoptic table of the Kurydicide distinguishes the genus Hansenolana, with head and trunk broad, from Conilera and Conilorpheus, with head and trunk narrow. But for the last genus the distinction must now be limited to the narrowness of the head, since the trunk of the new Conzlor- pheus is of considerable breadth.
CONILORPHEUS SCUTIFRONS, 0. sp. Plate XXXI.
The single specimen was difficult to figure and dissect on account of its condition. The front part as far as the fourth pereon segment was tolerably firm, but in preparation for sloughing, as the new mouth-organs could be seen within the old. The after-part of the specimen, on the contrary, was soft and papyraceous, evidently the result of recent exuviation.
The species is at once distinguished from C. herdmani by the width of the frontal plate, the broad trunk, the tuberculate ornamentation of perzeon and pleon, and the narrower apex of the telsonic segment.
The head is less than half the width of the perzeon, the rostral point obtuse, with the frontal lamina extending from below much in advance of it. The anterior margin of the plate is divided into three lobes, of which the middle one is the most advanced, the sides each with a small notch contributing to form a square escutcheon on a curved base narrowly attached to the epistome.
The first segment of the perzon is large, nearly encasing the head; its hinder angles are rounded. The next three segments are short, transversely marked with conspicuous lines; their side-plates are squarish. The fifth, sixth, and seventh segments are large, with more elongated side-plates, and each having a submarginal row of tubercles or denticles. Hach of these little processes is furnished with a setule, to which is probably due the sharpened appearance
South African Crustacea. 47
suggestive of a denticle, although the same object more highly magnified is quite obtuse. The third and fourth segments of the pleon, and the fifth, which is overlapped by the fourth, are similarly ornamented.
The telsonic segment has some fourteen tubercles symmetrically arranged, six in a triangular group near the base, and the rest in pairs. Its sides are strongly convex till near the depressed terminal portion, which is narrow, fringed with plumose sete, and at the rounded apex carries six spines.
The eyes are oval, not very large, as wide apart as the dimensions of the head permit. The antenne are short. In the first pair the second joint is stout, but only a little longer than the first or the narrow third; the tapering flagellum is eight-jointed, not quite so long as the peduncle. In the second pair the first three joints are short, the fourth stouter than the fifth but slightly shorter, the flagellum subequal in length to the peduncle, thirteen-jointed.
The cutting edge in the mandibles has slender teeth; there is a spine-row of four slender curved spines; the molar-plate is small, fringed with only about ten teeth. The smooth first joint of the palp is about as long as the curved and spinose third joint. The inner plate of the first maxilla carries three setx, the outer plate eleven spines, some of which are a little denticulate. The inner plate of the second maxillz has several seta-like spines; the middle and outer plates have each four or five, one maxilla having the smaller number, the other the larger, on both plates. The maxillipeds have the second joint considerably longer than broad, not including the hook-bearing plate, which carries also three sete. The large fifth joint is fringed with five setze on the outer margin of one maxilliped, with only four in its companion.
The first gnathopod is robust, with four stout spines on the hind margin of the fourth joint, fifth joint triangular, sixth very convex in front, the finger stout, with a dark-coloured blunt nail, narrower than the trunk, of which the hind margin forms a squared tubercle just in advance of the nail. The second gnathopod and first perzeo- pod are successively smaller, and differ from the first gnathopod by having the fifth joint more overlapped by the fourth, more squared, the sixth joint less widened, and the peculiarities of the finger less demonstrative. The following pairs of perzeopods are of more slender structure, successively longer, with several slender spines, especially on the apices of the fourth and fifth joints. In all the finger has a small process with intervening setule in advance of the nail.
As in the type species, so here, the first pleopod has the inner
46 Annals of the South African Museum.
plate much narrower than the outer, and the second pleopod has the masculine appendix attached just above the middle of the inner margin of the inner ramus. It descends a little below the ramus, and here has the apex not acute, but rounded. The outer ramus of the uropod is fringed with sete and has five spines on each margin. It is shorter than the inner ramus and only about half as broad. The inner ramus is fringed with about a dozen spines and numerous plumose sete.
Length, about 7 mm.
Locality. Between Bird Island and mainland, in 10-16 fathoms.
The specific name alludes to the escutcheon-shaped frontal lamina.
Faminry xSPHAJROMIDA.
1902. Spheromide, Stebbing, $.A. Crust., pt. 2, p. 64.
1904. Spheronude, Stebbing, Gardiner’s Fauna of Maldive and Gace. Arch., vol. 1, pi: 3;,p. 0;
1905. Spheromide, Stebbing, Herdman’s Rep. Ceylon Pearl Fisheries, pt. iv., Isopoda, p. 29.
1905. Spheromide, H. Richardson, Bulletin U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 54,
p. 270.
1905. Spheronide (part), H. J. Hansen, Quart. J. Microse. Sci., vol, xix, pt. 15 p. 69.
1906. Spheronuide, Nobili, Bull. Mus. d’ Hist. Nat., No. 5, p. 268.
The present occasion is not appropriate for giving a full biblio- graphy of recent contributions to this family. Dr. Hansen has made it the subject of a highly important revision, dividing it in the larger sense into three sub-families—Limnoriine, Spheromine, Plakar- thriine. In the second of these, with which we are here concerned, he distinguishes three groups—Sph. hemibranchiate, eubranchiate, and platybranchiate. It is to the purpose here to notice that in the first group Hansen accepts Spheroma terebrans, Bate, Ezxo- spheroma gigas (Leach), H. lanceolatwm (White), and possibly £. scabriculum (Heller), but he regards my H. validum, and EH. setuloswm as respectively the young male and the female of a species of Cymodoce, to which genus he likewise refers my H. amplifrons. Paraspheroma prominens, Stebbing, is placed by Hansen in the third group.
With regard to Heller’s species Hansen says : “‘ In a species from Simon’s Bay, at Cape, closely allied to or identical with Spheroma scabriculum (Hell.), the end of abdomen in the female is as in Hxo-
South African Crustacea. 49
spheroma, while in the male a notch, as in the male Dynamenella (compare the diagnosis below) is observed ; the specimen described by Heller is evidently a male. The female of the species seen by me cannot be separated from Hxospheroma, while the structure in the male alluded to is very curious. For various reasons I omit this form from the conspectus, hoping to obtain more material of allied species’’ (loc. crt. p. 102). In a further note Hansen says: “The genera Hxospheroma, Isocladus, and Zuzara (with Cycloidura as a synonym) are so closely allied that the females can scarcely be separated, while it is easy to refer the adult males to their respective genera. When more species are known it will probably be necessary to unite them, preserving the name Zuzara for the genus. If that be not done, it will be necessary to establish a new genus for Spheroma scabriculum (Hell.), and perhaps some other species ”’ (loc. cit. p. 103).
Gren. SPHAXROMA, Bosc.
1802. Spheroma, Bose, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 182.
1905. Spheroma, Stebbing, Herdman’s Rep. Ceylon Pearl Fisheries, pt. iv., Isopoda, p. 31.
1905. Spheroma, Hansen, Quart. J. Microse. Sei., vol xlix., pt. 1, p. 115.
SPH#ROMA TEREBRANS, Bate.
1866. Spheroma terebrans, Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, vol. xvii, p. 28, pl. 2, fig. 5.
1904. Spheroma terebrans, Stebbing, Spolia Zeylanica, vol. i1., pt. 5, p: £6, pl. 4.
1905. Spheroma terebrans, H. Richardson, Bulletin U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 54, p. 282.
1905. Spheroma terebrans, Hansen, Quart. J. Microse. Sci., vol. xlix., pol, ps L1G:
There is a divergence of opinion between Miss Richardson and myself as to the distinctness of her species S. destructor from Bate’s S. terebrans. Under the references given above, the arguments will be found fully stated for the opposing views. Hansen offers no decision.
Two specimens not distinguishable, as it seems to me, from those which Dr. Willey found in Ceylon, have been sent me from South Africa. Their depredations had been carried on at Gamtoos River bridge.
f
50 Annals of the South African Museum.
Famity LIMNORIIDA.
1850. Limnoriade, White, List of British Crust. in Brit. Mus., p. 68. 1880. Limnoriide, Harger, Rep. U.S. Fisheries, part 6, p. 371.
Gen. LIMNORIA, Leach.
1814. Limnoria, Leach, Edinb. Encyel., vol. vii., p. 433. 1904. Limnoria, Stebbing, Gardiner’s Fauna Maldive and Laccadive Arch,; voli, pt..3, p-. Ls.
Under the last reference a key is given to the four species of this genus.
LIMNORIA LIGNORUM (J. Rathke).
1799. Cymothoa lignorum, J. Rathke, Naturh. Selsk. Skr., vol. v., p. 101, pl. 3, fig. 14.
1814. Limnoria terebrans, Leach, Edinb. Encyel. vol. vii., p. 433.
1857. Limnoria lignorum, White, Popular Hist. Brit. Crust., p. 227, pl. 12, fig. 5.
1904. Limnoria lignorum, Stebbing, Gardiner’s Fauna Maldive and Laccadive Arch., vol. ii., p. 714.
Harger (loc. cit. p. 373) gives a synonymy of this species to the date of his work. The specimens sent me from the Cape, together with some of the timber they had been perforating, were obtained by Thomas Reeve, Esq., at Port Elizabeth. I have ascertained by dis- section that they agree with the description and figures of the European species by Sars in his Crustacea of Norway. The maxilli- peds have the lanceolate epipod shorter than the second joint, and the uropods have the little outer ramus unguiform. Harger figures these characters also for his North American specimens.
Triz VALVIFERA.
Famiry ASTACILLIDA.
1897. Astacillide, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. ii., p. 88 (Arcturde, p. 86).
1901. Astacillide, Ohlin, Svenska Exp. till Magellansland, vol. ii., p. 265.
1905. Arcturide, H. Richardson, Bulletin U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 54, p. 323.
South African Crustacea. 51
1905. Astacillide, Stebbing, Herdman’s Rep. Ceylon Pearl Fisheries, pt. iv., Isopoda, pp. 43, 46.
This family, as at present constituted, includes the genera Asta- cilla, Cordiner, 1793, Arcturus, Latreille, 1804, Arcturella, Sars, 1897, Antarcturus, zur Strassen, 1902, Plewroprion, zur Strassen, 1903. Arcturides, Studer, has been transferred by Ohlin to a different family. In establishing drctwrelia for his own Astacilla dilatata, Sars speaks of that as being ‘as yet the only known species of the genus.” But I am inclined to think that both Leachia nodosa, Dana, 1849, and its close ally, Arcturus corniger, Stebbing, 1873, ought to be also referred to it, as well as Arcturus damnoniensis, Stebbing, already transferred by Norman in 1904. In 1902 zur Strassen trans- ferred all the species from tropical and southern waters at that date reposing in the genus Arcturus, a score in number, to his new genus Antarcturus. If this cleavage be accepted, it will probably be followed by further generic subdivision, when some of the species have been described in more detail. Miss Harriet Richardson has given an analytical key to the North American genera of the family, among which Arcturella and Antarcturus are notincluded. In Asta- cilla and Arcturella the marsupium of the female is formed by a single pair of plates attached to the fourth pereon segment. In Pleuroprion Miss Richardson gives the character, ‘‘marsupium as in the genus Arcturus.’ But here a difficulty arises. According to Sars and Richardson, in Arctwrus the marsupium is composed of three pairs of plates issuing from the second, third, and fourth segments of the pereon. Studer and Beddard, on the other hand, assign to this marsupium four pairs of plates, Studer in 1884 carefully figuring and describing the four pairs in the female of his Arcturus furcatus. This is in agreement with the new species about to be described. Unfortunately several species may have been assigned to Arcturus or Antarcturus without determination of this character. In such cases as those of Beddard’s Arcturus spinifrons and Arcturus myops, when only males or what appeared to be males were obtained, such determination was obviously out of the question. Neither for Antarcturus oryx nor for Pleuroprion chuni, the typical species of his new genera, does zur Strassen give the number of the marsupial plates. It is therefore with some reserve that this character is employed in the following key :—
Marsupium formed by one pair of plates—2. eseaptun formed by more than one pair of plates—3. (Fourth peron segment much elongated... .. .. .. «. 1, Astaeilla.
‘| Fourth pereon segment not much elongated .. .. .. «. 2. Arcturella.
52 Annals of the South African Museum.
3. (Finger of first gnathopod diminutive... .. .. .. .. .. 3. Arcturus. | Finger of first gnathopod well developed—4.
4, {Side-plates of second to seventh pereon segments distinct .. 4. Antarcturus. | Side-plates of pereeon segments not distinct .. .. .. .. 5. Plewroprion.
Cordiner’s work, to which the premier genus of the family is due, was published in numbers, unpaged, “‘ without any regard to order or connection.” The plate of Astacille, &c., bears the date, ‘ Pub- lished Dec’. 28, 1793 by Peter Mazell Engraver No. 32 Bridges Street Covent Garden.”’ An introductory address, signed by Charles Cordiner and Peter Mazell, is dated July 1, 1788. An editorial “Order of Publication. New arrangement,’ gives 24 numbers, placing the Astacille in No. xxi.
Gen. ANTARCTURUS, zur Strassen.
1902. Antarcturus, zur Strassen, Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. xxv., p- 686.
1903. Antarcturus, zur Strassen, in Chun, Aus den Tiefen des Weltmeeres, ed. 2, pp. 189, 561.
With regard to the distribution of the genus Arctwrus in the un- restricted sense, zur Strassen observed that only in the cooler seas did its representatives ascend to the surface waters, and further, that a zone of the globe between 20° and 50° of northern latitude was quite without examples of this otherwise ubiquitous genus. Upon closer examination he convinced himself that the group of species living north of the empty zone was generically distinct from the group to the south of it. Accordingly with the type species Arcturus bafjint (Sabine) he placed A. twberosus, Sars, A. longispinis, Benedict, A. glabrus, Benedict, A. beringanus, Benedict, and with slightly less certainty Arcturus hystrix, Sars, A. murdochi, Benedict, A. inter- medius, Richardson. For the southern species he established Antarcturus and Antares, in the following year changing the latter name, which was preoccupied, into Plewroprion, to which Miss Richardson, in 1905, transfers A. hystrix, A. murdochi, and A. inter- medius. In Antarcturus the first pereon segment is not produced downward and forward to cover the mouth-organs and base of the first gnathupods ; the finger of the first gnathopods is strongly developed, and these limbs themselves are fairly robust; the three following pairs of limbs are laterally prominent and geniculate.
These characters given by zur Strassen should, no doubt, be rein- forced by the addition that the marsupium is composed of four pairs of plates, since the type species 4. oryx is said to stand very near to
South African Crustacea. 53
A. furcatus, Studer, in which, as already explained, the marsupium is so constituted.
The species A. myops, Beddard, with eyes that appear to be sight- less, and A. ocwlatus, Beddard, with eyes that are pedunculate, though the stalks are unjointed, in these respects stand apart from the rest of the group. Arcturus longicornis, Haswell, supposed to come from Tasmania, has a preoccupied name, and the same author’s Arcturus brevicornis, from Australia, appears to be awaiting closer identifi- cation.
The species referred or referable to Antarcturus appear to be the following : A. coppingert, Miers, 1881, A. furcatus, Studer, 1884 (1882), A, glacialis, A. spinosus, A. anna, A. cornutus, A. spinifrons, A. pur- pureus, A. brunneus, A. abyssicola, A. myops, A. studert, A. oculatus, A. americanus, A. stebbingt, all these thirteen instituted by Beddard in 1886, A. tenwispinis and A. multispinis, both established by Benedict in 1898, A. patagonicus and A. kophameli by Axel Ohlin in 1901, A. caribbeus, Richardson, 1901, A. oryx, zur Strassen, 1902, A. polaris, A. adareanus, and A. franklini, described by T. V. Hodgson in 1902, A. simplicissimus, A. dentatus, A. alcicornis, A. nodosus, A. serrulatus, published by Whitelegge in 1904, with A. kladophoros about to be described. To this formidable list should probably be added A. jlort- danus, Richardson, 1900, but, as this species was taken at Fernandina in Florida, above 30° North latitude, it far invades the zone which zur Strassen supposed to be devoid of Arcturi in the unrestricted sense of the term.
ANTARCTURUS KLADOPHOROS, 0. sp. Plate XXXII.
The species is not more spinose than several other members of the genus, some of which much surpass it in the length and strength of the spines they display. But none hitherto described have spines of the peculiar branching character here found, except A. alcicornis, Whitelegge, 1904, which, however, otherwise differs from the present species in several respects.
The head is squarely excavate im front, each of the lateral lobes carrying three or four small spines in advance of the dark red promi- nent facetted eyes, between which rise two simple and two multifid spines, while from the rear rise two long processes, blunt at the apex and branching into two spines and two blunt processes. The person segments increase in width to the third and in length to the fourth, this last being twice as long as the third, but tapering backwards.
54 Annals of the South African Museum.
As in the head so in the pereon, the middle of the back is compara- tively smooth, but other parts are armed with a multitude of very unequal spines, the largest occupying prominences on the flanks of the first four segments. In the first three there are also small sub- divided spines nearer the middle, and the fourth has a notable pair of backward curving spines near its hind margin. The remaining segments of the perzon and the whole pleon are pretty well covered with little spines, some of which are much smaller than others. The pleon has two decided, but apparently quite unsutured, transverse dorsal furrows in advance of the telsonic segment. The latter carries no very strong spines, and slopes rather abruptly down to a smoothly rounded apex. The dividing line between the head and first perzeon segment is well marked.
As noted by Beddard for other species, the side-plates of the fourth perzeon segment here evidently help to support the ovigerous lamelle. They here form a narrow strip directed obliquely backward, with a dentate process directed forward from the fore margin. In advance of these the segment displays a pair of little rounded wings.
The first antennz have a spine-like tooth on the short broad first joint; the two following joints are much narrower than the first but not much shorter, together scarcely as long as the one-jointed flagellum, which has a couple of filaments at four or five points of the margin, and an apical group of four.
The second antennz have a tooth process on the short first joint, a close set group of six such processes on the longer second, and seven or eight more sparsely arranged on the much longer third joint; the fifth joint is a little shorter than the fourth, both being very long and slender, with a few setules; the flagellum is five- jointed, about three-fifths as long as the last joint of the peduncle and longer than its first three joints combined. On one of these appendages there is a little apical tooth, which may represent a sixth joint.
The upper lip is somewhat unsymmetrical, with a decided emargi- nation. The mandibles are robust, with the cutting plate quadri- dentate, the accessory plate at least in one mandible tridentate, the spine-row consisting of few spines, the molar powerful. The first maxille have three plumose sete on the inner plate, and eleven spines on the outer plate of one maxilla, while on that of its partner there seemed to be only ten. The lower lip and second maxille are of the usual character. The mavxillipeds have the second joint surmounted by a broad plate which seems to form two leaves; to what extent these are separated remains doubtful ; on neither could
South African Crustacea. 5d
any coupling-hooks be perceived ; the fifth joint of the palp is well developed, but blunt, not at all finger-like. The epipod is broad throughout, not lanceolate.
The first gnathopods are small, with a denticle high up on the second joint, the fourth joint short and bulb-like, the sixth nearly as long as the second, the finger broad, with its nail almost hidden among long serrate sete. They carry marsupial plates folded within the following pair. The second gnathopods and first pereeopods are similar to the second peropods, but shorter and with small dentate side-plates. All three pairs carry very extensive marsupial plates. The second to the fifth joints are furnished with a variety of spine processes, the fourth having a specially blunt apical process. The fifth joint is as long as the second in the second pereopods, but exceeds it in length in the two preceding pairs of limbs ; the sixth joint is slender, not so long as the fifth, and ends in a slender nail-like finger which is itself tipped by a long spine; the third to the sixth joints carry numerous long sete.
The last three pairs of perzeopods are as usual distinct in character from the preceding limbs, but similar one to another, although successively shorter. In the third perzwopods the second joint is considerably longer than the sixth, but little or not at all longer than that joint in the two following pairs. This second joint is notable for its variety of spine-processes, among which are one or two that are blunt; the third joint is also armed, but the remainder are content with a few needle-like and feathered spinules and setules; the finger is rather robust, with a little tooth on the inner margin in advance of the nail.
The first pleopods have the peduncle armed along one margin with «a long row of thirteen or more little glittering teeth, and on the opposite or inner margin with about eight hooked spines.
The uropods are diversified with numerous little denticles on the outer surface; the distal part of the hinge margin is fringed with plumose setae. The exposed ramus is very small, rather broader than long, with a little subapical spinule ; the concealed ramus is about as long, but less than half as broad, and has four graduated slightly curved spines on the distal margin.
The length of the specimen was 17 mm., not including the second antenne, which also measured 17 mm.
The spots and dendritic markings, and the extraneous substances, including foraminifera, entangled among the processes of the body and limbs, cause some difficulty in distinguishing the number and shapes of the various ornaments.
56 Annals of the South African Musewm.
Locality. Cape St. Blaize, N. by E. 73 miles; at a depth of 125 fathoms; bottom, sand and shells.
The specific name, meaning branch-bearing, from «dadoc, a branch, refers to the peculiar processes on the head and trunk.
In A. alcicornis Whitelegge describes two prominent spines on the frontal region of the head, each with an accessory spine immediately below, a stoutish bifurcated spine on each side of the first pereon segment, and four short antler-like spines on each of the second and third segments. Thus the pair of long antlered processes on the back of the head in the South African species are evidently not present in the Australian. In the latter the third joint of the first antenne is only one-third as long as the second; the maxillipeds have large lanceolate epipods and the first two joints of the palp subequal ; the first gnathopods have the finger curved; the sixth joint in the first and second pereopods is said to be progressively shorter than that of the second gnathopods, whereas in the African species this joint is as long in the first pereeopods as in the preceding limbs, and the other differences are sufficiently shown by the drawings here given. Whitelegge’s specimen, with second antennze wanting, was an adult female, body about 10mm. long. He describes at the same time four other new species of Arcturus from South Australia, three of which also have dentate limbs.
Tries KPICARIDEHA.
1893. Hpicaridea, Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 392.
1897. Epicaridea, Hansen, Bulletin Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. xxxi., p. 111.
1898. Epicaridea, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. ii., p. 193.
1905. EHpicaridea (or Bopyroidea), H. Richardson, Bulletin U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 54, p. 497.
1906. ‘ Bopiridi,’”’ Nobili, Acc. R. Sci. Torino, vol. xli. (extr.),
Famiry BOPYRIDA.
1893. Bopyride, Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 408.
1898. Bopyride, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. ii., p. 195.
1900. Bopyride, Bonnier, Travaux de la Station zool. de Wimereux, vol. viii., p. 218.
The name is still elastic. The limits of the family, which have been variously stretched and contracted, approach a settlement in
South African Crustacea. OT
M. Jules Bonnier’s authoritative work. Therein he accepts two divisions of the Epicaridea, called respectively Cryptoniscine and Bopyrine, thus using terminations commonly regarded as indicative of sub-families under which to group numerous families. To his Bopyrine he assigns the Dajide, Phryxide, Bopyride, and the Entoniscide, of which the first three were provisionally retained by Sars in the family Bopyridze. The family is restricted by Bonnier to parasites in the branchial cavity of decapod crustaceans.
Gren. BATHYGYGEH, Hansen.
1897. Bathygyge, Hansen, Bulletin Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, Vol. Kxxi., p. 122:
1900. Bathygyge, Bonnier, Travaux de la Station zool. de Wimereux, vol. vili., p. 290.
1905. Bathygyge, H. Richardson, Bulletin U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 54, pp. 499, 537.
Hansen does not separate the generic from the specific characters. Bonnier says that the pleon of the female suffices to characterise the genus, as it has no side-plates, and the uropods, like the pleopods, are biramous.
BATHYGYGE GRANDIS, Hansen. Plate XXXITI.
1897. Bathygyge grandis, Hansen, Bull. Mus. Comp. zool., vol. xxxi., p. 122, pl. 6, figs. 2-2c.
1900. Bathygyge grandis, Bonnier, Travaux zool. Wimereux, vol. viil., p. 291, fig. in text.
1905. Bathygyge grandis, Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 54, p. 537, fig. in text.
Hansen’s account, on which the other two depend, was based on a male specimen and the fragment of a female. The latter consisted of the pleon with the terminal part of the perzon bearing three legs on one side and two on the other. They had occupied the branchial cavity of Glyphocrangon spinulosa, Faxon, taken from a depth of 676 fathoms, in lat. 21° 15’ N., long. 106° 23’ W.
That the South African specimens here figured belong to Hansen's genus and species seems exceedingly probable, although, as Hansen had only a portion of a female at his disposal and has not figured that portion, some element of doubt remains. The carapace of the African Glyphocrangon on the right side was enormously dis- torted by the swollen marsupium of its female tenant. Her eggs form
58 Annals of the South African Musewm.
an immense mass, and owing to the very distended condition of the marsupium its first plates are more visible on the dorsal than on the ventral aspect. Also one or two of the lateral lobes are forced back over the head. As in Bonnier’s genus Orbione, the person is of great breadth, the general outline of the body being almost circular. The rather small pleon is turned sharply to the left, with the first three segments very distinct. The remainder may be equally so, but their smaller size and pale colour make the observation difficult. The maxillipeds make a near approach to those figured by Bonnier for Pleurocrypta hendersoni and P. porcellane, and by Hansen for Cryptione elongata. The little unjointed palp is here rather thickly fringed with sete on the inner margin. My dissection was not sufficiently successful to show the articulations displayed in Hansen’s figure, so that my drawing does not distinguish the maxilliped itself — from that hind border of the head which carries at its angle the two fleshy lobes represented.
The limbs of the perwon, though longer, are less robust in the female than in the male. The sixth joint is oblong with a slight curvature, the small palm having a little emargination almost masked by the tightly clasped finger.
Concerning the pleon, Hansen says: ‘‘ Pleural plates not developed. The pleopods quite soft, of medium size, decreasing conspicuously in size from before backwards and attached to the lateral margin; each pleopod consists of a short peduncle and two lamellar oblong rami; the outer ramus much larger than the inner one. The uropods biramous; the outer ramus a little smaller than the outer of the fifth pleopod, the inner ramus very short, almost rudimentary. The pleopods are curled to such a degree that it would have been impossible without much construction to draw a sketch of the abdomen.’ Rashly, perhaps, in face of the last clause, I offer an outline of the pleon in dorsal view, so far as I have been able to make it out, for comparison with the verbal description.
The male was attached to the left side of the female, as shown in the figures, with his pleon adjacent to her third person segment, and his head placed on the right side of her uropods. The relatively great size of this sex, the incisions separating the segments of the perzeon, the pleon without pleopods or uropods, the antennz and mouth organs, the limbs with deeply concave palm, are all in agree- ment with Hansen’s figures and description. Here the front margin of the head is evenly rounded, not flattened, as in Hansen’s specimen ; but the difference is trivial. Here the pleon on the underside shows a partial longitudinal and two transverse folds. Also there
South African Crustacea. 59
is a little projecting point at the middle of the apical margin, and the sides are crenulate as if in reminiscence of earlier segmentation. But these characters, which Hansen does not notice, only became conspicuous after the pleon had been detached. The stilet-like mandible shows a microscopic serration at the distal end. The almost linear maxilliped has a terminal seta.
The male has a faint greenish tinge, as contrasted with the pallid colour of the female. The relation of these tints to the colours of the living animals is uncertain.
Size. The female measures 11 mm. in length, and about the same in breadth. The male attains the unusual length of 8 mm., with a breadth of 2-5 mm.
Locality. Cape Point N.E. by E.4+E. 40 miles; depth, 800-900 fathoms; bottom, green mud. In Glyphocrangon sculptus (8. I. Smith).
AMPHIPODA. GAMMARIDEA. Famity LYSIANASSIDA.
For the families in this tribe a general reference may be given to Das Tierreich, Lieferung 21, 1906. But continually additions are being made to the number of genera and species.
Gen. TRISCHIZOSTOMA, Boeck. 1853. Guerinia (preocc.), Hope MS., Costa, Fauna Reg. Napoli, Apr., 1853, p. 1. 1861. Trischizostoma, Boeck, Forh. Skand. Naturf., Mode 8, p. 637. 1893. Guerina, Della Valle, Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, VOk. XX, p. (0; 1905. Guerinella, Chevreux, Bull. Mus. Monaco, No. 35, p. 7. 1906. Trischizostoma, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, p. 12.
The rather rare crustaceans for which Hope and Costa, in 1853, established the genus Guerinia present some remarkable and some still perplexing features. The original generic name being pre- occupied must be relinquished. In my opinion its place should be taken by T'rischizostoma, which was independently defined by Boeck in 1861. That author thought it advisable to assign it to a distinct tribe, Prostomate, which, however, he subsequently reduced to a family, Prostomatide. In the meantime Lilljeborg had named a
60 Annals of the South African Museum.
sub-family Trischizostomatina, for which Sars, in 1882, substituted the family name Trischizostomide, improved by Bovallius, in 1886, into Trischizostomatide. In the preface to the report on the Challenger Amphipoda (1888), I remarked that “the Prostom- atid are in close relationship with the Lysianasside, and might, in my view, well be included in the older family.’ This opinion has been fully confirmed by Professor Sars in his ‘‘ Crustacea of Norway,” vol. i., p. 30 (1890). It is unfortunate that Boeck, Bovallius, and Sars, when discussing and figuring the species called T. raschu, by Boeck, appear to have been in ignorance of Costa’s Gueruma niceensis, so that they have expressed no opinion as to the identity or distinctness of the Norwegian and Mediterranean forms, which until recently I have regarded as specifically one. Della Valle, on the other hand, has separated them not only specifically but generically, substituting the name Guerina for the preoccupied Guerima. He admits the great superficial similarity of the two forms, but in his contrasted generic definitions makes out a strong case for keeping them apart. Thus, Guerina has the mandibles with moderately broad trunk, the first maxille without inner plate and with the palp reduced to a little simple tubercle, the second maxille with the inner plate short, carrying a single setule, the maxillipeds with the first joint of the palp longer than the second, the first and second perzopods with the second joint much dilated. Trischizostoma has the mandibles with very narrow trunk, the first maxilla with inner plate and with minute, slender, two-jointed palp, the second maxille with the plates subequal, the inner carrying various little setules, the maxillipeds with the first joint of the palp considerably shorter than the second, the first and second perseopods with the second joint not dilated.
Before attributing overwhelming weight to these differences, one must remember that the Scandinavian authors had, among adult examples of their genus, only females to examine, while the three specimens assigned by Della Valle to his genus were, he says, prob- ably all males. The mouth-organs are very delicate in structure, and, as often happens in tubiform arrangements, not very easy to separate. When successfully drawn apart their appearance, after flattening out, is in some respects extremely different from that which they bore in their natural position. There is also scarcely any doubt that some of the details differ with the age of the specimen.
Some additional light may be thrown on the question by specimens from South Africa, which certainly require a new specific name, but
South African Crustacea. 61
may rest contentedly in Trischizostoma, unless that genus be separated from Guerina. They have the monstrous eyes and huge peculiar first gnathopods which are so remarkable alike in 7’. raschi and G. nicezensis. They have the mandibles of the latter, the first maxille of the former. As to the first joint of the palp in the maxillipeds, they agree better with the latter than the former. But they differ from both in the shape of the side-plates to the second gnathopods and the first and second pereopods, in the second joint of the fifth pereeopods and still more in the flattened leaf-like appearance of the sixth joint, and lastly in having the telson divided for two-fifths of its length. The specimens are certainly of the male sex, and perhaps not fully adult, as the torsion of the first gnathopods had not been effected or not completed. To have three genera for three (or possibly only two) species, which share characters so very notable, while the real or supposed differences refer chiefly to degraded mouth-organs, seems to me to be for the present un- advisable.
In the new species the first maxilla has a well-pronounced inner plate of slight texture, an outer plate with five spine-teeth on the apex, four of them much curved, and a small one- or two-jointed palp tipped with a long seta. For 7. raschii, Boeck describes the first maxilla as consisting apparently only of the outer plate ; Boyallius endows it further with a one-jointed palp, Sars alone awarding to it a slender unarmed inner plate together with ‘a very minute, but distinctly biarticulate” palp. The supposed absence of the inner plate cannot, therefore, be relied on for distinguishing Costa’s species from Boeck’s. It is clear that this small pellucid structure sometimes escapes observation under the difficulties of dissection. That the small palp is at first one-jointed, and later on biarticulate, is far from impossible. Bovallius gives the telson of the young male, “ probably just out from the incubatory pouch of the mother,’ as having the apical margin excavate. Boeck also speaks of the telson as apically divided, but probably by a misprint, as his Latin text says that it is apically rounded. That the new species with an incised telson should stand in the same genus with one (or two) species in which the telson is whole-rimmed, agrees with what is found in another Lysianassid genus, Onisimus, Boeck.
TRISCHIZOSTOMA REMIPES, 0. sp. Plate XXXIV. The head is almost entirely covered by the large dark eyes, broadest above, meeting in the medio-dorsal line, and leaving
62 Annals of the South African Museum.
unoccupied a small down-bent frontal space. The last two seg- ments of the perewon are the shortest. The small first side-plates are all but completely concealed by the large second pair, which are horizontally ovoid with almost vertically truncate hind margin; the third are much shorter, but nearly as deep, subquadrate ; the fourth similar to the third, with more rounded outline, and faintly emarginate behind. These are much at variance with the corre- sponding parts as figured by the authors named in the generic discussion. The fifth and sixth side-plates are bilobed. The postero- lateral angles of the third pleon segment are minutely dentate, with sinuous outline above the denticle. The fourth segment has a deep dorsal depression ; the fifth is much shorter than the fourth or the sixth.
The first antenne have a short stout peduncle, not longer than the long and broad first joint of the flagellum, which is thickly fringed with filaments and followed by ten slender joints, together scarcely as long as the accessory flagellum. This is scarcely shorter than the first joint of the primary, and is composed of one long laminar joint followed by a short linear one and a minute apical joint; in comparison with the primary flagellum it is much larger than that figured by Della Valle for G. niceensis.
The second antennz have the first three joints of the peduncle short, the fourth rather longer than any of them, but less than half as long as the slender fifth; the twenty-five jointed flagellum is scarcely as long as the peduncle.
The upper lip and the forward lobes of the lower lip are apically narrow, but below the apices they show considerable breadth when flattened out.
The mandibles in the rear part of the trunk afford a substantial base for the very large palp, but the front part of the trunk is feebly laminar, with truncate cutting edge and a microscopically tridentate accessory plate. Whether in the female the cutting edge becomes narrower remains to be seen. The second joint of the palp carries twenty-one long spines, and the rather shorter third joint twelve that are shorter, serrate, and more widely spaced. But these numbers are not constant, since in the smaller specimen examined they were respectively thirteen and seven.
The first maxillze have been already described. It may be added that the outer plate is slightly contracted a little below the apex, and what I have suggested in the generic discussion as a possibility seems to be here clearly the case in regard to the palp. The smaller specimen shows a one-jointed palp surmounted by a single seta; the
South African Crustacea. 63
larger specimen has a two-jointed palp carrying two sete, one much longer than the other.
The second maxille appear to be of great tenuity, the plates apically rounded, the inner slightly the shorter, tipped with one curved setule, the outer carrying two such setules.
The maxillipeds have both the inner and outer plates of consider- able breadth, though in position for forming the oral tube they seem very narrow. The first joint of the palp is relatively much longer than that which authors show in TZ. raschii. In our smaller specimen it is at least as long as the second joint, but in the larger specimen it is a little shorter than that joint, which is there the longest of the four, not the shortest, as in Della Valle’s G. niceensis. The third joint has a few spines and some fur-like armature on one margin ; the fourth joint, subequal to it in length, is narrow and straight, having the apical part furnished with very fine outstanding hairs.
The first gnathopods scarcely, if at all, differ from those in the northern and Mediterranean forms. The enormous hand, as mounted for the microscope and figured in the plate, does not show the true extent at right angles to the spinose palm, because it refused to be fully flattened out. Possibly it was preparing for the curious torsion by which, in adults of this genus hitherto known, the great curved finger of the first gnathopods looks as if it were attached to the wrong end of the palm. The second gnathopods have the third joint much shorter than the fifth, in this respect strikingly differing from G. nic@ensis, in which these proportions are reversed ; the small finger is almost concealed among the spines of the sixth joint.
The second pereopods are somewhat shorter than the first, and have neither the second nor the fourth joint notably expanded. In the third and fourth pairs the second joint is broadly oval, larger in the fourth than the third pair. In the fifth pair the second joint is narrower, with the upper part forming a kind of neck; the fourth, fifth, and sixth joints are longer than in the preceding pairs, the fifth longer than the fourth and wider, with its lower front corner squared like the corresponding angle in the other pereopods ; the sixth joint is longer than the fifth and slightly wider, forming a narrowly oval blade-like lamina, quite different from the sixth Joint in the other pereeopods and from that of the last pair in forms previously described. The finger is small. To this pair, as to the other pereopods and to the second gnathopods, there are attached large much-pleated branchial vesicles.
64 Annals of the South African Museum.
The pleopods have two little serrate coupling spines on the second joint of the peduncle, and several cleft spines on the inner ramus.
The uropods in the smaller specimen have their apices almost on a level; in the larger those of the first pair do not reach quite so far back as the other two; the outer branch in the first and second pairs is Shorter and more serrate than the inner; the third pair have the branches laminar, much longer than the peduncle, the outer slightly the longer, with a little second joint, liable to wear and tear, which led Bovallius to believe that it was only a character of the young. All the margins appear to have a microscopic serration.
The telson is longer than broad, narrowing distally, the cleft between the rounded apices reaching up two-fifths of the length in the larger specimen, a little less in the smaller.
Length of smaller specimen 10 mm., of the larger 13 mm., 11 mm. from front of head to end of third pleon segment, and about 2 mm. from third pleon segment to end of telson.
Locality. The smaller specimen was taken off Buffalo Bay, S.W. by W. 3 W. 34 miles, in 32 fathoms; the larger in lat. 33° 9’ 30” S., long. 28° 3' 00" E., in 47 fathoms. From this latter station a very small specimen shows quite conspicuously the character of the last pereeopods.
The specific name, meaning oar-footed, refers to the blade-like character of the fifth peraeopods.
Gren. HIPPOMEDON, Boeck. 1871. Hippomedon, Boeck, Forh. Selsk. Christian, 1870, p. 102. 1906. Hippomedon, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, pp. 58, pissy
HIPPOMEDON LONGIMANUS, Stebbing. 1888. Platamon longimanus, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 643, pl. 13. 1906. Hippomedon longimanus, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, p. 60. In the South African specimen, as in the larger North Atlantic Challenger specimen, no trace of eyes was apparent. The colour in spirit is pale greenish, with speckling observable under the microscope.
Length, 11 mm. Locality. Table Mountain HE. 41 miles; depth, 245 fathoms;
South African Crustacea, 65
bottom, green sand. The Challenger specimen about 17 mm. long, was taken off Cape Finisterre at a reputed depth of 1,125 fathoms.
GEN. TRYPHOSA, Boeck.
1871. Tryphosa, Boeck, Forh. Selsk. Christian., 1870, p. 117. 1906. Tryphosa, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, pp. 68, 720.
TRYPHOSA ONCONOTUS, n. sp.
Plate XXXV.
There are two features of rather particular interest in this species— the dorsal hook on the fourth pleon segment, and the accessory lobe on the branchial vesicles. The first of these may be compared with the fureate dorsal process on the same segment in Pontoporeia femorata, Kroyer, and with the arrangement in Guernea coalita (Norman). Hansen, in his description of the adult female, shows that the latter species is in fact provided with a sort of hook, the fourth pleon segment having, behind the dorsal depression, a high rounded carina, which is produced in front into a small rounded process. In Acanthogammarus belkinw (Garjajeff) each of the first four pleon segments has a dorsal process projected forwards.* The suggestion may be ventured that in all these cases a facility is provided for the male to hold the female firmly, in agreement with the explanation of the modified sixth pair of side-plates in the female of Melita palmata (Montagu). The accessory lobe with which the branchie are provided in the new species is not perhaps very unusual. Such a lobe is described and figured by Sars in the Crustacés d’eau douce de Norvége for Gammaracanthus lacustris.
Head with lateral angles acutely produced. Side-plates of pereon well developed, first not distally narrowed, first and second with minute denticle at lower hind angle, fourth excavate behind. Postero-lateral angles quadrate in second pleon segment, rounded in first and third. Fourth pleon segment with deep dorsal depres- sion followed by an upturned triangular process directed forward so as sometimes to overlap the hind margin of the third segment.
Eyes not perceptible. First antenne short, peduncle consisting of one rather bulky joint followed by two small ones, flagellum scarcely longer than peduncle, with nine joints, the first considerably the largest ; accessory flagellum three-jointed. Second antennz not
* In the Amphipoda Gammaridea of Das Tierreich, the name of Garjajett’s above- mentioned species is erroneously given as balkirii.
5
66 Annals of the South African Musewm.
twice as long as the first, fourth jot about equal to the first three combined, fifth rather shorter, flagellum fifteen-jointed, longer than the peduncle.
The lips showed no exceptional character, unless the difficulty of detaching them from the cesophagus could be so accounted.
The mandibles have a prominent molar with denticulate circular crown. On the left mandible a very small strap-shaped accessory cutting plate is seen, and a spine-row of two very small spines. The inner plate of the first maxille carries two unequal sete, the serrate spines on the outer plate and the spine-teeth on the long second joint of the palp are all very short. In the second maxille the outer plate is somewhat longer and broader than the inner. Both the inner and outer plates of the maxillipeds are rather long, the outer fringed on the inner margin with nine spine-teeth, of which the lower ones are distant and very small. This plate reaches beyond the second joint of the palp.
The gnathopods are not powerful. In the first pair the third joint is about as long as the fourth, the fifth rather longer than the sixth, which widens slightly to the very oblique palm. This is a little overlapped by the finger when closed. The tip of the finger has a small cap, which is also the case in the first and second pereopods. In the second gnathopods the third joint is considerably longer than the fourth, and the fifth than the rather stout sixth, of which the palm is faintly excavate. The small finger is apically bidentate. Whether the branchial vesicles of these limbs have an accessory lobe was not made out. The lobes attain their greatest development in the third and fourth perszeopods. The marsupial plates of the specimen figured were very narrow,
The first and second perseopods are similar, slender throughout. The three following pairs have the second joint strongly expanded, but only feebly serrate. In the third and fifth pairs this joint is proximally almost as broad as the length, in the fourth pair its breadth is much more uniform and considerably less than the length. The fourth joint in the third pair is nearly as broad as long, other- wise all joints but the second are moderately narrow.
The pleopods have two little coupling hooks, a few cleft spines, and the branches about seventeen-jointed. The uropods have but few spines on the rami, which in each pair are subequal, longer than the peduncle only in the third pair; in this the outer branch has a well-marked second joint, and the inner branch is longer than the first joint of the outer.
The telson is divided nearly to the base, with a spine in the apical
South African Crustacea. 67
notch of each division, and two spines near each outer margin, with a feathered setule near the upper one.
The specimen figured measured 7 mm. in length. Another specimen, measuring only 4:5 mm., had the marsupial plates less developed and the telson less narrowed apically.
Locality. Table Mountain E. 41 miles; depth, 245 fathoms; bottom, green sand. The specific name, from dykdée (hook), and v@roc (back), refers to the dorsal process on the fourth segment of the pleon.
One specimen presents an appearance probably abnormal. The upper hind margin of the third pleon segment was in contact with the telson. When these parts were pulled asunder it was found that all the three terminal segments of the pleon were enclosed within the third segment, which showed through its pellucid integu- ment the dorsal outline of the fourth in its natural condition, that is, with a rounded boss, deep cavity, and uplifted triangular process. The segments resisted endeavours to draw them into the open in a way that proved their position to be no result of accidental intrusion. The specimen measured 4 mm. from front of head to end of third pleon segment. The principal flagellum of the first antenne is six-jointed, the flagellum of the second nine-jointed.
Gen. AMARYLLIS, Haswell. 1880. Amaryllis, Haswell, P. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vol. iv., p. 253. 1906. Amaryllis, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, p. 23. Dr. Chilton has recently pointed out that the species which he described in 1885 as Glycerina affinis is in fact Amaryllis macrophthalmus, Haswell.
AMARYLLIS MACROPHTHALMUS, Haswell.
1880. Amaryllis macrophthalmus, Haswell, P. Linn, Soc. N.S. Wales, vol. iv., p. 253, pl. 8, fig. 3.
1885. Glycerina affinis, Chilton, P. Linn. Soc, N.S. Wales, VOlg aX p. 1036, pl. 47, fig. 1, a, 6.
1902. Amaryllis macrophthalmus, G. M. Thomson, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. x., p. 463.
1905. Amaryllis macrophthalmus, Chilton, Tr. N.Z. Inst., vol. xxxviii., p. 267.
1906. Amaryllis macrophthalma, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, p. 24.
The report on this species in the Challenger Amphipoda was based on a very small and obviously young specimen from Patagonia, com-
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pared with a large female specimen from Australia. The specimens obtained by Dr. Gilchrist in South Africa include fully developed males and other individuals of which it is desirable that some notice should be taken.
In the mature male the eyes are very conspicuous by their dark colour and considerable size. They are rather broader above than below and are almost contiguous on the top of the head. The first antennee have the first joint large with two blunt apical teeth, the second and third joints short, the principal flagellum rather stout, 28-jointed, the calceoli small, its first joint by far the largest, furnished with a brush of filaments ; the secondary flagellum 8-jointed. The second antenne have the first three joints very short, the fourth large, the fifth short, carrying a slender, calceoliferous, 74-jointed flagellum, which reaches beyond the pleon, making the whole of this pair between two and three times as long as the first pair.
The upper and lower lips are not easily detached one from the other. The upper lp appears to have a bilobed margin. The mandibular processes of the lower lip are long and narrow. In the mandibles the spines of the spine-row are excessively short, and the molar is a thin backward-directed roughly triangular plate, fringed with setules. The second joint of the palp is the longest, and this in its upper half is fringed with some 14 slender spines. M. Bonnier found no armature on this joint in his A. pulchella, nor did I in A. bathycephalus, A. haswelli, or the small specimen of A. macrophthalmus. It may be noted that the triturating organs, or cardiac folds of the stomach, are more circular than usual, and are fringed with slender spines. But this is no speciality of the male.
The first and second perzeopods are distinguished by having the fourth and fifth joints fringed along the hind margin with long stiff sete, which are not seen in the female or young male.
In the third segment of the pleon the postero-lateral notch is higher up than in the young. The third uropods have the subequal lanceolate rami fringed with long plumose setz on the inner margin, and the inner ramus is fringed on the lower part of the outer margin.
A specimen, about 7 mm. long, presumably not fully adult, showed the following differences. The eyes were much more slender, uniform in breadth, pale in colour. The first antennz have the two distal teeth of the first joint acute, the principal flagellum 26- or 27-jointed, with the first joint of much less length than in the other specimen, and the secondary flagellum seven-jointed. The second antenne are no longer than the first, with a flagellum of
South African Crustacea. 69
46 joints, most of them broader than long. The second joint of the mandibular palp had only four spines. The first and second perzeopods were without the fringe of sete. The third uropods showed little armature. But the telson was distinguished by a small tooth, produced backward, at the outer angle of each lobe, while in the more mature specimen the outer angle does not reach the rest of the apical margin.
Locality. Dredged between Bird Island and the mainland in 4-16 fathoms.
Famiry AMPELISCIDA.
Gren. AMPELISCA, Kroyer.
1842. Ampelisca, Kroyer, Naturhist. Tidsskr., vol. iv., p. 154. 1906. Ampelisca, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, pp. 98, 721.
AMPELISCA CHILTONI, Stebbing.
1888. Ampelisca chiltoni, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol, xxix., p. 1042, pl. 103.
1905. Ampelisca chiltoni, Chilton, Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. xxxviii., p. 267.
1906. Ampelisca chiltoni, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, p. 102.
It should be noticed that this species bears great resemblance to the large Arctic form, A. eschrichtu, Kroyer, from which it is distinguished by having the postero-lateral angles of the third pleon segment subquadrate and minutely produced, instead of strongly produced and insinuate, and by having dorsal spinules on the telson, which are wanting in the northern form. A. fusca is another closely allied species, but with the first antenna more strongly developed, and the hind lobe of the second joint in the fifth pereeopods narrower and more strongly produced downwards than in A. chaltoni.
A specimen measuring 23 mm. from front of head to apex of telson, had first antenne 7 mm. long and second antennze 16 mm. This was a female carrying eggs, some of which were brown, others yellow. The back was sharply carinate from the sixth pereon segment to the fourth of the pleon, the latter segment having a strongly sinuous medio-dorsal outline. The branchial vesicles are pleated. The lenses of the eyes retain for long a scarlet rim in methylated spirit.
Locality. The specimen above described was taken in False Bay, Paulsberg, W.N.W. 1 mile; depth 24 fathoms. Another specimen,
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taken in False Bay, Cape Point Lighthouse, W. 64 miles; depth, 37 fathoms, was 22°5 mm. long. The species was also dredged in 47 fathoms, lat. 33° 9’ 30” S., long. 28° 3’ 00" E. Dr. Chilton, in his report on ‘‘ Crustacea from the Coast of Auckland,” says of this species: ‘‘One imperfect specimen dredged off Great Barrier Island, at a depth of 120 fathoms, appears to belong to this species. I have also two specimens dredged off the Poor Knights Islands, in 40 fathoms, and two others collected in Kaipara Harbour by Dr. Cockayne, that certainly belong to it.”
AMPELISCA FUSCA, Stebbing. 1888. Ampelisca fusca, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., pp. 1052, 1651, pl. 105. 1893. Ampelisca fusca, Della Valle, Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, vol. xx., p. 483. 1906. Ampelisca fusca, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, p. 102, figs. 22-24.
The dark colour of the Challenger specimens, to which the specific name alludes, was probably due to the preservative employed. The specimens more recently received from the Cape show no such obfuscation, but retain, for a considerable period, brilliant colouring, red spots and broader markings on a green ground. The eyes have a bright red pigment and the antenne a banded appearance. In the Challenger report the first antenne are described as longer than the second, but the comparative dimensions are at any rate sometimes inverted. Also in the new specimens the fingers of the first and second pereopods have a less comparative length, and the fifth pereopods differ a little from the earlier account. The lower lobe of the second joint has its setigerous hind margin straight, or some- times tending to be concave rather than convex, and the sixth joint is not so much narrowed apically as in my figure of it. Otherwise the agreement between the two sets of specimens is so minute as to leave no room for supposing any specific difference between them, One of the specimens measured 15 mm. in length.
Locality. Dredged Vasco de Gama Point, 8. 75 E. 134 miles, at 166 fathoms.
AMPELISCA BREVICORNIS (Costa). 1853. Araneops brevicornis, A. Costa, Rend. Soc. Borbon.,, n. ser., volaies lial: 1891. Ampelisca levigata, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. i., p. 169, plo9 tie wa:
South African Crustacea. 71
1906. Ampelisca brevicornis, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, p. 100.
The specimen here in question corresponds in all essentials with that species which Sars describes and figures under the name ‘“« Ampelisca levigata, Lilljeborg,” 1855. Costa’s name for it, though devoid of descriptive value, has the priority. Among the marked features of this species are the extremely small ocular lenses, the concave lower margin of the head, the strongly bisinuate margins and sharply produced postero-lateral angles of the third pleon segment, the fourth pleon segment with level carina behind the saddle-shaped dorsal depression, and the dorsal rows of setules on the telson. Our specimen, which is a male, considerably exceeds the size given by Sars, being 17 mm. long, whereas Sars says, “length of adult female 12 mm., of male about the same.” Its colouring (in spirit) is a uniform pale green. The first antennz are 8 mm. long, the second joint of the peduncle the longest, fringed below with numerous tufts of setules, the third joint very short, widening distally, the long slender flagellum more than twice as long as the peduncle, reaching a little beyond the peduncle of the second antenne, and having the first jot peculiarly shaped, at first narrowing rapidly and fringed below with a brush of filaments, and again slightly widening to the apex. The second antenne are 17 mm. long, the penultimate joint of the flagellum much longer than the ultimate, both fringed above with little tufts of setules.
Locality. Fresh Bay, Roman Rock, N.W. 2 W. 2 mile; depth, 18 fathoms; sand and shells and rough ground. A much smaller specimen, but similar in colouring, was taken at the Station, Table Mountain, E. 41 miles ; depth, 245 fathoms; bottom, green sand.
Gen. BYBLIS, Boeck.
1871. Byblis, Boeck, Forh. Selsk. Christian., 1870, p. 228. 1906. Byblis, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, p. 111.
The new species differs from the ten species of this genus dis- tinguished in Das Tierreich in that the third uropods reach beyond the first and second pairs by the whole extent of the rami, and in that the telson, which is considerably longer than broad, is very deeply cleft. The character of the third uropod and that of the telson must, therefore, in each case be modified by insertion of the word usually in the generic definition. It isa matter of convenience, and not of necessity, to use these parts in discriminating Byblis from
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Ampelisca and Haploops. They can easily be discarded, should they through fresh discoveries cease to be useful for their original employment.
BYBLIS ANISUROPUS, ND. Sp. Plate XXXVI.
The first four segments of the person are short, the side-plate of the first broadly produced forward with fringed margin, that of the fourth segment narrowly produced backward; the three following segments are much larger. The first three segments of the pleon are large, with the postero-lateral corners rounded; the fourth segment is dorsally raised in a sharp nasiform projection above the compound segment which has a dorsal depression and the dorso- lateral edge rounded on each side as it approaches the telson.
The lower corneal lenses project beyond the margin of the head. Both pairs are backed by dark masses of pigment, and to the rear of the upper pair are also small patches of pigment, perhaps such as have suggested the idea of a third pair of eyes in Ampelisca rubella, Costa.
The first antennez have a short peduncle, the joints successively decreasing, with a flagellum of 17 or 18 joints, more than twice as long. The second antennz are longer than the whole body, the peduncle rather longer than the first antenne, the gland-cone of the second joint acutely projecting, the fifth joint long, but shorter than the fourth, the flagellum of about 45 joints with long setz.
Upper lip with emargination scarcely perceptible. Spine-row of mandibles containing 8 fureate spines, the right mandible without accessory cutting plate. The inner plate of first maxillaw with one seta on each side a little below the apex; the outer plate carrying 11 spines in one of the pair, but apparently only ten in the other ; the long second joint of the palp having 4 spines on its indented apical margin,
The gnathopods have the usual abundant furniture of the fifth and sixth joints, the fifth being considerably longer in the second pair than in the first. The finger has a fringe of spinules on the inner margin,
In the first and second pereopods the fifth joint is short and stout, decidedly shorter than the tapering sixth, and equal in length to the finger. The third pereopods have the second joint strongly convex in front, considerably broader than long. In the fourth pair this joint is but little broader than long. In the fifth pair the second joint is produced nearly to the end of the fourth, behind which it is
South African Crustacea, 73
greatly widened, with the setose lower margin sinuous; the fourth joint is produced some way down behind the fifth, which is short and broad, but longer than the sixth, this in turn being longer than the spine-like and spine-tipped finger.
The pleopods have two slender coupling hooks on the peduncle and four cleft spines on the first joint of the inner ramus.
The first uropods have the peduncle longer than the rami, of which the outer is the longer, armed with two little spines; the inner ramus has a single spine near the middle. The second uropods have rami longer than their peduncle, the outer unarmed, the inner not much shorter and carrying two little spines. In length they are intermediate between the rami of the first pair. The third uropods have the rami considerably larger, longer than their peduncle, the outer fringed with sete, the inner a little shorter, armed with some set and a row of spines. The telson, subequal in length to the peduncle of the third uropods, is considerably longer than broad, cleft for about five-sixths of its length, tapering from near the base to the slightly divergent spine-tipped apices, and furnished on the surface with sete and spinules. It differs in shape, armature, and extent of cleavage from species of the genus hitherto described.
Length of the specimen figured, 7 mm.; another specimen measured 10 mm.
Locality. Lat. 33° 9' 30” S., long. 28° 3’ 00" E.; depth, 47 fathoms.
The specific name alludes to the inequality of the uropods, of which the third pair, contrary to the custom in the genus, reach beyond the other two pairs by the whole extent of the rami.
Famiry PHOXOCHKPHALID A.
Gren. HARPINIA, Boeck.
1876. Harpinia, Boeck, Skand. Arkt. Amph., vol. u.., p. 218. 1906. Harpinia, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, pp. 140, 723.
HaRPINIA EXCAVATA, Chevreux.
1887. Harpinia excavata, Chevreux, Bull. Soe. Zool. France, vol. xii., p. 068.
1900. Harpinia excavata, Chevreux, Résult. Camp. Monaco, vol. xvi., p. 37, pl. 6, fig. 1.
1906. Harpinia excavata, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, pp. 142, 723.
In the earlier account of this species Chevreux says that the
74 Annals of the South African Musewm.
palm of the second gnathopod carries a long sharp tooth at its hinder angle, and a second tooth, stout and short, at its middle. In the later account, which is fortified by a figure, this palm is described as deeply excavate, forming with the hind margin a sharp, very salient angle, armed with a long spine. Nothing is said about a second median tooth. It is with this later account that our specimen agrees. A distinguishing feature of the species is the great length of the sixth joint in the long fourth pereeopods. In the fifth perzeopods the second joint has the front margin protruding below and there furnished with a few long plumose sete, and behind the broad expansion of this joint is crenulate with great minuteness. These characters it shares to some extent with H. abyssi, Sars, but in that species the postero-lateral angles of the third pleon segment are rounded, while here they are produced into a strong tooth. According to Chevreux the inner branch of the third uropods is almost as long as the two-jointed outer branch. In the South African specimen it is in fact quite as long.
Length of specimen, 5 mm.
Locality. Table Mountain, E. 41 miles; depth, 245 fathoms ; bottom green sand.
GEN. PONTHARPINIA, Stebbing.
1897. Pontharpima, Stebbing, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Ser. 2, vol, vil., p. 32. 1906. Pontharpimia, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, p. 145.
Among the characters of this genus given in Das Tierreich I have included the following: Hood obtuse, eyes distinct, palp of mandible slender, with third joint shorter than second, first and second gnathopods similar. The new species which I now propose to include in the genus has the hood produced to an extremely acute apex, uncinately deflexed; the mandibular palp is not specially slender and its third joint is equal in length to the second; also the first and second gnathopods (in the female) are dissimilar. The species Phorus uncirostratus, Giles, referred by Della Valle and A. O. Walker respectively to Phoxocephalus and Leptophoxus, is set down in Das Tierreich as an uncertain member of Pontharpinia. Phoxus geniculatus, Stimpson, ought, as I now think, to have received the same treatment. Guiles says concerning his species: ‘although I carefully dissected the head of one specimen, I could make out no trace of eyes.” Stimpson attributes ‘ eyes white” to his species, and in the one here to be described they are dark
South African Crustacea. 75
reddish, still after long preservation in spirit. In general appearance there is an extraordinary resemblance between the specimen from South Africa and the figure which Dr. Giles gives of his species from the Bay of Bengal. Besides the want of eyes, however, that species offers another distinction shown in a detail figure and clearly noted in the description, namely, that in the third uropods ‘the inner ramus is considerably shorter than the first joint of the outer.” In our species the inner ramus is nearly as long as the first joint of the outer. In regard to the mouth-organs of the Indian species, some of the detail figures and statements must be attributed to the use of inadequate apparatus. The palp of the mandible, for example, is said to be two-jointed. The palp of the first maxilla is figured as one-jointed. It is not easy to believe that such differences could coexist with the remarkable likeness which the head and perzopods show to those of our species. Stimpson’s description of his Japanese species is very brief, but contains one noteworthy expression—‘‘ rami of the posterior caudal styles unequal, the outer ones long, three- jointed ’’—with which I may compare my own preliminary note on the South African specimen, uropod 3, outer branch much longer than inner, the spination giving it an almost three-jointed appear- ance. Stimpson gives white as the colour of his species, and Giles describes his as of a uniformly dirty-white colour, The African specimen attracted attention by the conspicuous red of some parts, while others were white. But this is not necessarily differential, if we consider the account given by Dr. Giles of his species Para- pleustes pictus, in which the red and white are variously distributed in different specimens, which were “found crawling upon a Pen- natula, the pink and white colours of which are almost exactly imitated in the amphipod ”’ (J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lix., p. 71).
PONTHARPINIA STIMPSONI, 0. Sp. Plate XX XVII.
Head elongate, rostral part broad till near the apex, which is drawn out to a very fine point curving downwards. Of the perzon segments the second is the shortest. First side-plate with rounded front produced forward, fourth much the largest. Third pleon seg- ment with postero-lateral corners rounded and a row of sete carried obliquely from the corners almost across the surface ; fifth and sixth segments small.
Eyes small, irregularly oval, dark red, placed wide apart just be- hind the post-antennal corners. First antennz with first joint large,
76 Annals of the South African Museum.
much longer than second and third joints combined, carrying a subapical feathered seta; second joint small, much larger than third ; primary and accessory flagella on one side respectively with 18 and 15 joints, on the other side each with 17 joints, the primary nearly as long as the peduncle, the accessory a little shorter. Second antenne with first two joints obscure, the third having at the end of the lower margin a small squared process fringed below with sete and marked off above by a suture; the fourth joint longer, armed with spines and sete, the fifth narrow, shorter than the third; the flagellum 21-jointed, rather longer than the peduncle.
The left mandible having cutting edge and accessory plate obscurely dentate, spine-row of 10 small spines, feeble molar carrying one or two spines, palp with rather broad second joint unarmed, not longer than the third jomt which carries a few spines near the base and several fringing the obliquely truncate apex. The right mandible appears to ditfer only by want of an accessory plate. The palps i sztw lie close together under the rostrum. Lower lip with inner piates conspicuous, the outer lobes wide apart. The first maxille with short, wide inner plate carrying three setz on inner margin of the rounded apex ; outer plate apically armed with 11 spines, some of them denticulate, the two-jointed palp long, fringed with 7 slender spines along the apical margin, which is so oblique as almost to look like part of the inner lateral edge. The second maxillze with both plates broad, spinose, the outer the longer, with short spines along its outer margin. The maxillipeds have the inner plates fringed along the broadly truncate apex and distal part of inner margin with long set, without visible spine-teeth. The outer plates are narrow, not reaching the end of the palp’s first joint, and carry four spines on the inner margin. The palp is very elongate, the second joint the largest, the third narrowly oval, produced slightly beyond the base of the narrow curved finger, which ends in a thin nail or spine.
The first gnathopods have a fusiform fifth joint, longer than third and fourth joints combined, but shorter and much narrower than the sixth, which is much longer than broad, widening to the squared space which with its palmar spine defines the otherwise convex palm. The finger is slender, curved, matching the palm, with small hyaline cap over the pointed apex. The second gnathopods agree with the first in regard to shape of palm and finger, but differ strikingly in some respects, the sixth joint being very much larger, nearly as broad as long, with the palm more oblique, while the fourth and fifth
South African Crustacea. aa
joints are about equal in length and together form a sort of cup for the sixth joint.
The first and second pereopods are alike, having the fourth joint broad, nearly twice as long as the fifth, which is oval with the narrow end below, carrying two stout spines; the narrower but longer sixth joint is likewise armed with some stout spines, and the finger is very slender. The third perzeopods have the second joint only moderately expanded, the hind margin straight, the front irrecularly convex, fringed with sete ; the fourth joint as broad as the second, as broad as long, and like the two following joints well furnished with spines; the fifth joint rather longer, less broad ; the sixth again longer, but narrow; the finger smoothly slender, curved at the tip. In the fourth pereopods the second joint is broadly oval, fringed with sete in front, the fourth and following joints considerably larger than in the preceding pair, though rather similar in pattern, but only the fourth joint and not the fifth narrowing downwards. The small fifth pereeopods have the hind margin of the second joint serrate ; all the other joints are very small, from the fourth to the end successively shorter, the third, fourth, and fifth pressing close to the margin of the second. The branchial vesicles are simple. The marsupial plates in the specimen were narrow, probably not at full development.
The pleopods have groups of spines on the surface of the peduncles. The coupling spines are small, the rami subequal, the outer with about 18, the inner 14 joints. The first uropods have the peduncle subequal to the outer ramus, which carries four spines at and near the apex, while the rather shorter inner ramus has five spines along the inner margin and a stout one at the apex; the second are shorter, with spines along the inner margin of peduncle and each ramus; the third have the peduncle not longer than that of the second pair, but the narrow two-jointed outer ramus considerably longer than that of the first pair, the second joint rather long, half the length of the first, the inner ramus nearly as long as the first joint of the outer, both rami tipped and otherwise armed with many long sete.
The telson is not longer than broad, the two halves closely united, with a spine at the outer part of each broadly rounded apex, and two feathered sete high up on each outer margin. The telson is not so long as the peduncle of the third uropods.
Length, about 8 mm.
After long preservation in spirit the specimen above described was conspicuous among many different species by its crimson colouring,
78 Annals of the South African Museum.
generally diffused except on the end of the rostrum, the third to the sixth pleon segments, the flagella of the antennex, the terminal part of the fourth perzeopods, and the peduncles of the first and second uropods. A study of the figure will show that the colour distribution is probably adapted to the animal in a resting position. The parts naturally concealed under those circumstances are also uncoloured, namely, the mouth-organs, gnathopods, and first pereopods.
Locality. Dredged in lat. 33° 9’ 30" S., long. 28° 3’ 00” E., at 47 fathoms depth; and between Bird Island and mainland, 10-16 fathoms.
The specific name is intended to call attention to the species too briefly described by the eminent American naturalist.
Famiry LILJEBORGIIDAi.
Gen. LILJEBORGIA, Bate.
1861. Iduna, Boeck (preocc.), Forh. Skand. Naturf., Mode 8,
p. 656 1862. Liljeborgia, Bate and Westwood, Brit. Sess. Crust., vol. i.,
p. 202. 1862. Liljeborgia, Bate, Catal. Amph. Brit. Mus., p. 118. 1906. Liljeborgia, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, p. 280.
The name of this genus, coined in compliment to Professor Liljeborg, is often erroneously printed Lilljeborgia. But the fact that the Professor changed the spelling of his own name from Liljeborg to Lilljeborg does not justify a change in the scientific term.
LILJEBORGIA DUBIA (Haswell).
1880. Husirus duwbiws, Haswell, P. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vol. iv., p. 331, pl. 20, fig. 3.
1888. Liljeborgia haswelli, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 985, pl. 92.
1906. Liljeborgia dubia, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, p- 233.
The dorsal tooth of the sixth and seventh perzeon segments doubt- fully mentioned in Das Tierreich was not visible in the South African specimen, a small one, about 8 mm. long.
Locality. False Bay, Paulsberg W.N.W. 1 mile; depth, 24 fathoms; bottom, sand and shells.
South African Crustacea. 79
Famity TIRONIDA.
Gen. TIRON, Lilljeborg.
1865. Tiron, Lilljeborg, N. Acta Soe. Upsal., Ser. 3, vol. vi., p. 19. 1906. Tiron, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, pp. 275, 727.
The three species which the genus now includes may be dis- tinguished as follows :—
First three segments of pleon dorsally uni- dentate; outer plate of maxillipeds with Concave margin 26 .. 2. «2. «sa «
First three segments of pleon dorsally pluri-
| 1. 7’. thomsoni, A. O. Walker. | | denticulate ; outer plate of maxillipeds
ale
with margin not concave—2. Sixth joint of perswopods extremely short ; 3 telson armed with numerous spines... .. 2. J. australis, n. sp. “ \ Sixth joint of pereeopods not extremely short ; | telson not armed with numerous spines .. 3. 7’. acanthurus, Lilljeborg.
The new species has interesting peculiarities of the first maxille, and is further distinguished from 7. acanthurus by a different shape of the second joint in the fifth perzeopods, but these features are less easy to observe than those above given.
TIRON AUSTRALIS, 0. sp. Plate XX XVIII.
The general appearance closely agrees with that of 7. acanthurus, the head having a deflexed rostrum, the first three segments of the pleon being postero-dorsally pluri-denticulate, and the fourth and fifth each produced into a dorsal tooth, but here the tooth of the fourth segment is much the shorter. The sixth segment has a scarcely perceptible tooth, flanked on each side by two spines. The anterior side-plates are finely crenate, the first and fourth smaller than the second and third.
The upper eyes are closely adjacent at the top of the head, each composed of about ten cones, of which each lateral eye has only four.
The first antenne have the third joint shorter than the second, and the second much shorter than the first. The flagellum is some- what longer than the peduncle, 9-jointed in the female specimen, 7-jointed in the male, the first joint in the latter being distinguished by its superior length and setose armature. The accessory flagellum
80 Annals of the South African Museum.
is 6-jointed in the female, 5-jointed in the male specimen. The second antenne have an 8-jointed flagellum, shorter than the peduncle.
The mandibles differ slightly one from the other, the accessory plate on the left being, as so often, the stronger; it is succeeded by a row of 10 spines, the number on the right mandible being appa- rently only 8. The molar is strong, the palp slender, its third joint half as long as the second, and armed only with three apical sete. In the first maxilla the inner plate is fringed with 9 plumose sete, of which three at the apex are separated by a clear unarmed space from the other six. This is the case in both members of the pair, and could be seen in readiness for reproduction at the next exuviation. On the outer plate only 10 spines could be distinguished. The palp has a large second joint, much widened in its distal half, the apical margin fringed with 5 furcate spine-teeth and an outer spine-tooth which is serrate instead of furcate, with the serration on its inner side. In the furcate teeth the shorter tooth is the outer. The second maxille have the inner plate shorter but broader than the outer, with an oblique fringe of slender spines near the inner margin.
The gnathopods are scarcely distinguishable from those of 7. acan- thurus, the fifth joint long and slender, slightly tapering distally.
The pereopods are all alike in the shortness of the sixth joint, against which the small finger folds back closely, so that it becomes difficult to distinguish. Apparently it has a dorsal denticle. In all the pairs the fourth joint is larger than the fifth, this in the first and second pairs being but little longer than the sixth, but in the follow- ing pairs more and more surpassing it. In the third and fourth pairs the second joint is widely expanded, more so distally than proximally, but in the fifth pereopod this joint is widest proximally, and is roughly squared above, so as to differ much from the rounded appearance presented by the homologous joint in 7. acanthurus. The marsupial plates of the female specimen are extremely narrow, their ovigerous function being probably aided by the long branchial vesicles.
The first and second uropods have the peduncle longer than the rami, which are nearly equal to one another in the first pair, but more unequal in the second, in neither very elongate. In the third pair the rami are much longer than the peduncle, the inner the shorter, fringed with long sete, the outer carrying numerous spines.
The telson is subequal in length to the outer ramus of the third
South African Crustacea. 81
uropod, cleft nearly five-sixths of its length, tapering, with a row of five or six spines standing up along the surface of each division, with accompanying sete or setules, of which there are some also on the outer margins.
The male specimen is about 6 mm. long; the considerably larger female was about 8 mm. in length.
Locality. Lat. 33° 9’ 30” S., long. 28° 3’ 00” E., dredged in a depth of 47 fathoms.
The specific name directs attention to the southern origin of this form, which presents so many points of resemblance to the northern T. acanthurus, from which, however, it is separated by some very marked differences. A comparison with Pseudotiron bowviert, Chevreux, from the Mediterranean, is also of interest, but there the organs of vision and the minute third joint of the mandibular palp supply characters of generic distinction.
Famity GAMMARIDA. GEN. CERADOCUS, Costa.
1853. Ceradocus, Costa, Rend. Soc. Borbon., n. ser., vol. iL, eecO. 1906. Ceradocus, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, p. 430.
CERADOCUS RUBROMACULATUS (Stimpson).
1855. Gammarus rubromaculatus, Stimpson, P. Ac. Philad., vol. vii., p. 394.
1906. Ceradocus rubromaculatus, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphi- poda, p. 430.
Locality. Lat. 33° 49' S., long. 25° 56’ EH. Two specimens were dredged from a depth of 24 fathoms, on rocky ground. One of the specimens has the second gnathopods very unequal and dissimilar, but, as noticed in the report on the Amphipoda of the Challenger, this appears to be the case not unfrequently in this species.
Gen. ELASMOPOIDES, n.
Most of the superficial characters as in EHlasmopus, but (in female) first antenne not longer than second, accessory flagellum elongate. Palp long in mandibles and maxillipeds. Inner plate on inner margin fringed with numerous setze in first and second maxillie. Second gnathopod powerful in female.
6
82 Annals of the South African Musewm.
ELASMOPOIDES CHEVREUXI, 0. Sp. Plate XX XIX.
Head not rostrate, obtusely produced at the sides. Back smooth, with saddle-shaped depression of fourth pleon segment. First side- plate the largest, broadly rounded at the produced front, fourth shallowly excavate behind, fifth and sixth each with a small front lobe curving backward. First three segments of the pleon with postero-lateral angles acute, a little produced, those of the third segment least so. Eyes dark, of peculiar shape, the broad lower part occupying the lateral lobes of the head, a narrower upper part ascending at right angles to the lower, so that the eyes are not far apart at the top.
First antennz having two ridges on first joint, one ending in a spine, the other in a little tooth, second joint as long as first, third quite short, flagellum longer than peduncle, 42-jointed, accessory flagellum more than half as long as primary, 23-jointed. Second antennz subequal in length to first, fifth joint of peduncle a little shorter than fourth, flagellum shorter than peduncle, 25-jointed.
Upper lip with front margin almost symmetrically rounded. Lower lip with principal lobes broad, inner plates well developed. Mandibles with cutting edge strongly toothed, secondary plate on left mandible stronger than that on right, teeth not prominent, spines of spine-row numerous, molar prominent, second and third joints of palp elongate, each with two rows of slender spines; the articular condyle between the molar and the palp very conspicuous. First maxilla with inner plate large, oblong, fringed on inner margin with very numerous set, outer plate with the spines crowded together, probably 11, some of them furcate ; second joint of palp long, fringed with 7 apical spines, some of which are moderately stout, and 6 sub- apical, all slender. Second maxilla having the outer plate rather longer but narrower than the inner, fringed round the apex, the inner plate with a fringe along inner margin continued only a little way round the broad apex, and an oblique row of seta-like spines extend- ing from near the apex to the proximal end of the marginal fringe. Maxillipeds with inner plates broad, fringed on inner and distal margins, the latter having three small spine-teeth at its inner part, outer plates not reaching middle of palp’s long second joint, fringed with numerous spines and spine-teeth ; fourth joint of palp long, finger-like, curved, finely spinulose on inner margin, as long as the third, shorter than the second joint.
First gnathopods. Second joint with a row of sete on distal part
South African Crustacea. 83
of front margin, third and fourth joints very short, fifth and sixth joints subequal in length, spinose on both margins, the broad hinder prominence of the fifth having pectinate spines as well as long smooth ones, the sixth with gently convex front margin, the long, finely denticulate palm forming a much stronger convexity with the hind margin, from which it is marked off by palmar spines and the cessation of the denticulation ; finger smooth, curved, matching the palm.
Second gnathopods much stronger than the first; second to fourth joints nearly as in preceding pair, fifth joint short, cup-shaped, sixth massive, widening to the palm, which is finely denticulate on either side of a somewhat semicircular cavity of variable depth and defined by a strong tooth, within which the finger closes, inner edge sub- marginally setiferous, outer edge proximally indented at four points for minute spines; finger strong, curved, inner margin with a small projection over the palmar gap.
First and second perzopods, slender, similar, but the first decidedly longer than the second, the second joint slightly curved, carrying long sete at some points of the hind margin; the finger short, abruptly truncate at junction with the small nail.
Third to fifth perzeopods stoutly built, fourth the longest, fifth longer than third; second joint with hind margin strongly dentate, especially and irregularly in the fifth pair, fourth and fifth joints broad, with numerous spines, the sixth narrow but also spinose, all these joints having the front margin flattened ; finger not very large, with regular curve to the nail.
Pleopods. Pedunele large, with apical process, the coupling hooks slender ; the rami narrow, outer the shorter, having in the first pair 24 joints, while its considerably longer companion is 23-jointed, with 4 cleft spines on inner margin of the first joint.
First uropods with peduncle subequal to inner ramus, outer rather shorter, all with spines at intervals; second pair with rather shorter but stouter peduncle, as long as the inner ramus, the outer notably shorter ; third pair with short peduncle, carrying on the surface facing inwardly a row of spinules and a tubercle beset with spines and spinules; the rami broad, equal, strongly spined apically and on other parts; they are longer than their peduncle, but shorter than the other rami.
The telson is nearly as long as the peduncle of the third uropods, cleft to the base, the almost cylindrical halves somewhat divergent, with the truncate apices beset with terminal spines, the sides smooth except for a group of little spinules high up on the outer margin.
84 Annals of the South African Museum.
Length, from front of head to end of third pleon segment, 12°5 mm. ; total length to end of telson about 15 mm.
Locality. Dredged in lat. 33°9'30"5S., long. 28° 3'00”E., at 47 fathoms’ depth, the bottom consisting of sand, shell, and rock.
The specific name is chosen out of respect to Monsieur Ed. Chevreux, who during many years by pen and pencil and active research has rendered distinguished service to our knowledge of the Amphipoda.,
Famiry AORIDA.
Gren. AORA, Kroyer.
1845. Aora, Kroyer, Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 2, vol. 1., p. 328. 1906. Aora Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, p. 587.
AoRA Typica, Kroyer. 1845. Aora typica, Kroyer, Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 2, vol. i., p. 328, pl. 3, figs. 3 a-i. 1906. Aora typica, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, p. 587, inrope il Oe
Both sexes of this widely distributed species have been taken in South African waters. It has passed under a variety of generic and specific names in the writings of several authors, myself included. It is satisfactory to find that the Rev. Canon Norman (Ann. Nat. Hist., Oct., 1907) agrees with the decision set forth in Das Trerreich that there is really only one species at present known in the genus.
Locality. The specimens with which we are here concerned were obtained, with other rarer Amphipoda, at a station described as Table Mountain E. 41 miles ; depth, 245 fathoms; bottom, green sand. As the species is familiar close inshore, and no closing apparatus was used in its capture, there is no guarantee that it was not taken at the surface rather than at any considerable depth.
Famity PHOTIDA.
Gen. EURYSTHEUS, Bate.
1857. Hurystheus, Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, vol. xix., p. 143.
1906. Eurystheus, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, pp. 610, 738.
South African Crustacea. 85
EURYSTHEUS HOLMESI, n. sp. Plate XL.a.
Fourth pleon segment dorsally tridentate, the median tooth smaller than the others, fifth segment with a dorso-lateral tooth on each side. Head with lateral lobes not strongly produced, the apex acute. First side-plate produced a little forwards, second to fourth with lower angles rounded, fifth as deep as fourth in front, its hind lobe shallow, sixth also bilobed with smooth lower margins. First to third pleon segments with postero-lateral angles produced to a small point.
Hyes red (in spirit), placed close to apex of the lateral lobes of the head. First antenna with stout first joint, shorter than second, equal in length to the third; accessory flagellum 6-jointed, rather longer than third joint of peduncle, principal flagellum imperfect. Second antenna with fourth and fifth joints subequal, each shorter than the 10-jointed flagellum.
Mouth-organs characteristic of the genus. Epistome pointed. Mandibular palp with 3rd joint widened, setose. Inner plate of first maxilla apparently with few sete. Fourth joint of palp in the maxillipeds narrow.
First gnathopod slight in structure, 5th joint a little longer than the somewhat fusiform 6th. Finger in the specimen examined apparently dwarfed and malformed on one gnathopod, both hand and finger missing on the other by mutilation.
Second gnathopod large and powerful. The second joint not very elongate, channeled in front, fourth short, oblong, fifth cup-shaped, on the outer side very short, and not very long on the inner, sixth muscular, much longer than broad, front margin smooth, hind short, carrying slender spines at five points and ending in a tooth, which is slightly overlapped by the apex of the elongate finger. The long palm from a smooth curve near the finger-hinge develops a tooth followed after a short interval by one less large, and after a longer interval by a third more prominent, whence a long slope leads to the small palm-defining tooth. The finger on the proximal half of its inner margin has four or five minute teeth or serrations.
The first and second pereopods are of the usual form, with cement glands well developed. The third and fifth pairs are much shorter than the fourth, all three being distinguished in the second joint by the irregular denticulation of the hind margin, which is slightly sinuous in the fourth and fifth pairs, but forms a strongly produced lobe proximally in the third pair.
36 Annals of the South African Musewm.
The pleopods are furnished with coupling hooks and cleft spines. The rami are slender, about ten-jointed.
The uropods in each pair have the rami nearly equal to one another and to the peduncle, the first pair being the longest, and the third much the shortest. The telson is broader than long, shorter than the peduncle of the third uropods, its sides very convex above, the distal margin truncate on the ventral surface, dorsally having a rounded emargination and spines on each blunt apex.
Length, from head to fourth pleon segment, 5 mm.
Locality. Dredged between Bird Island and mainland, in 10-16 fathoms.
The quadridentate palm of the second gnathopods and the peculiar hind margin in the last three perzeopods are very distinctive marks of this species. The superior length of the fourth pereopods is rather unusual.
The specific name is chosen in compliment to Dr. S. J. Holmes, Ph.D., in recognition of his careful and beautifully illustrated work on The Amphipoda of Southern New England and other valuable labours in this branch of research.
EURYSTHEUS ATLANTICUS (Stebbing). Plate XL.B.
1888. Gammaropsis atlantica, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 1101, pl. 114.
1893. Protomedeia ? atlantica, Della Valle, Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, vol. xx., p. 441.
1906. Hurystheus atlanticus, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, ps Git:
The single specimen from which this species was originally de- scribed was a female. The sexes agree in most particulars, especially in the peculiar lageniform eyes adjoining the margin of the head and occupying its much-produced lateral angles. The second gnathopod, however, is a distinguishing feature, being in the male more massive, with a more strongly sculptured palm, in which the defining tooth is separated by a pronounced excavation from the irregularly crenate remainder of the margin. The finger also in the male does not overlap the palmar tooth as in the female, and, being widened at the middle, it has the inner edge not concave. The second joint in the third perzopods is broadly oval, nearly as broad as long, with the convex hind margin smooth.
South African Crustacea. 87
The first and second uropods are strongly spined. The telson is but little longer than broad, apically acute.
Locality. Dredged between Bird Island and mainland, in 10-16 fathoms, and in lat. 33° 9’ 30” S., long. 28° 3’ 00" E.; 47 fathoms.
HURYSTHEUS AFER (Stebbing). 1888. Gammaropsis afra, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, Vole xxix pe L097, ply 113; 1893. Protomedeta? afra, Della Valle, Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, vol. xx., p. 440. 1906. Hurystheus afer, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, p. 612.
Between this and the preceding species the most obvious dis- tinctions are in the shape of the head, here much less produced, and in the eyes, here obliquely oblong instead of lageniform.
Locality. The two species (or perhaps varieties) occurred in the same dredgings. H. atlanticus appears to be more brilliantly coloured, or to be more retentive of its colouring than H. afer.
Famity COROPHIIDAL.
Gren. CAMACHO, Stebbing.
1888. Camacho, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. Xi Pecos 1906. Camacho, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, p. 664.
CAMACHO BATHYPLOUS, Stebbing. 1888. Camacho bathyplous, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Re- ports, vol. xxix., p. 1179, pl. 127. 1904. Camacho bathyploiis, Coutiére, Bull. Soc. philomatique (Extrait, p. 8). 1906. Camacho bathyplous, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, p- 665. The South African specimen, though smaller than that obtained by the Challenger, is in more perfect condition. Both are females. The eyes are small, but distinct. In the earlier specimen they had disappeared. The second antenne have the fourth and fifth joints of the peduncle long, subequal, the flagellum 11-jointed, not so long as the last joint of the peduncle. In the first and second gnathopods the fifth joint is less elongate than in the Challenger
88 Annals of the South African Museum.
specimen. The first and second pereopods have the fourth joint much longer than the fifth or sixth, the sixth tapering, rather longer than the fifth, the finger needle-like. The third, fourth, and fifth perzeopods all have the second joint narrow. The third pair corre- spond with the detached unnumbered pereopod figured in the Challenger report. The fourth and fifth pairs are much longer than the third pair, and have the fifth joint much shorter than the fourth or sixth.
The marsupial plates, especially those of the first and second perzeopods are long, strongly fringed, and are evidently assisted in their function by the long narrow branchial vesicles.
Length of the specimen 11 mm,
Locality. Lat, 33° 9' 30"S., long. 28° 3'0” E. Depth, 47 fathoms ; bottom, sand, shell and rock. The Challenger specimen, 16 mm. long, was taken off New Zealand in lat. 40° 28’ S., long. 177° 43’ E., at a reputed depth of 1,100 fathoms.
Professor Coutiére discusses the relationship of Camacho bathy- plous and Bonnier’s Chevreuxius grandimanus to his own Grandi- dierella mahafalensis from Madagascar. A second species of Grandidierella is now known, but not yet published.
(89)
PAGE sequinoctialis (Scyllarides) ............ 29 afer (Murystheus) i ...ceds-sece-ee er ace 87 affinis (Glycerina) ..........ceceeceeeee 67 aQiinis|(Squillayi s.2...-scc0.0teecensneee 2 CHTLES (C2700 06) Gaoncendconoconessonosee a afra (Gammaropsis) ............+06-+- 87 alcicornis (Antarcturus) 5008) NTA VMS oceee te cate cuen: steaeeasn sere 67 ATP ONISCA A) Sac, 1esctwas cece eseiach jess seeee 69 AmMphipod air ...cc.cerecessseoetee «oe seenes 59 amplifrons (Cymodoce) .............-. 48 amplifrons (Hxospheroma) .......-. 48 AMICUS! \acneecececcdaee ee voceseeteecien: 23 anisuropus (Byblis), Plate XXXVI. 72 annulata (Charybdis)................5. 10 annulatus (Portunus) ..........005. 10 anomala (Macrura)...................-+ 18 AMIGA CUTS leone eeceeesssaecteen eer 52 INOV EN gatseanietonechions icine acnseeemecasesee=e 84 PN OVIO G8). ds ss snr cakonasatsesees een eneecees 84 AT CUUBON A: 51. ae, |e efaios cea asiswaocecciee some 51 VAT COUTLAB eaaseceeceeseatescsessbeesnciesse tt 50 ATCUULUS! oeccisssieseceeiiesacsiedeasesetiee > 51 areolata (Galacantha) ............... 19 arrosor (Dardants).............0.++0. 23 BEFOSOR (HAaSuUrUs))) sass-ceseecasese sees 22 Stacia Bes csecsncascseen ses eeceeee cs 51 IAGUACINTGSa) ecsiuicmcioseees Ree eon 50 atlantica (Gammaropsts) ............ 86 atlantica (Protomedeia?) ............ 86 atlanticus (Hurystheus), XL.p ... 86 australis (Tiron), Plate XXXVIII. 79 bate (Acanthaphyra) .................. 35 Ba thy ry S Oxsecesansainees ence assccesscssee 57 beaumontii (Pentacheles) ............ 25 bathyplous (Camacho) ............... 87 beaumontii (Polycheles) ............ 25 bellis (Galacantha) .................0+ 19 BCTMNNAN AUS) rerasctseesssaecedesitesees seen 24 TSTIEYSIIIGES): «copashogeacaenobmneaceoeseenaeeG 5 WSOP YTS aosece qeceeaseen cheeses tckctesbise 56 bouvieri (Pseudotiron) ............... 81 brevicornis (Ampelisca)............+.. 70
PAGE brevicornis (Araneops) .........+++++ 70 biirgerl (Palinurus)) v.a....c0sesenee0- 34 biirgeri (Panulirus) ............-..--- 34 burgerir@Senes) ie. sce. sere assent 34 IBY DLIS Teer cosines eateccees fal Calappaiseessscics scat oreeec nr meesose ee 17 @allappi dees. te cece sncsaeseessareceh ene alii calcarata (Gnathophausia) ......... 43 Camacho 5.5 -d.csnceeateceneeerneteeeee 87 @ardisomaysn ce.acserereeneee sens -cae ta: 14 Wanideatee wnt cctesc-cusdaceaceterorceeces: 35 (colsabhisy< (OGWACAP)) Gssscoasonsn000nce00: 14 carnifex (Cardiosoma) ...........6+5 14 carnifex (Cardisoma) ..............+++ 14 @atometopay ss.c-s--sccsesecse st cescioas 12 CeradOcus!ss.ccnssesccaonecassocece cesses 81 @harybdis!crneacescco ner maces 9 chevreuxi (Hlasmopoides), Plate EERE rnssnacseses acne sueroens 82 Chevreuxiustssessnceecceeesceeser: soo tals) chiltoni (Ampelisca) ................4. 69 (OOOOH BUCHER (coonenansncbeo os ae ucaKasunonoe 45 Clibanaritistrereeeeercesscccee eters 20 clibanarius (Clibanarius) .........-.. 21 Conilorpheus® se. ssness scence eesse 46 Corophitd ag sence rere eeecescsneseecscse 87 costatus (Diogenes)...............0000+ 24 Cycloidura ............ Saeounees porn) ey Cy clometoparncca-ee te ccecsese ene sero 6 dentata (Rania) ......0...0...2-00-sse+ 16 Giacantha (NAIA) .......cceeeeeeeeeeee 5) diacanthus (Halimus) ............... 5 diacanthus (Hyastenus).......-.+++++ 5 WIGS eMesmere a. sseccnse ese caer ecco 24 dubia (Liljeborgia) ...........-......++ 78 dubius (HUSirUus).........0eseeeeeeereees 78 MaSMOPOLd esis sera. ssceselee ore ensserer 81 elisabeth (Scyllarides), Plate OOS, aopcuaccdoconsescdsanooucuaniaGedo00 30 Bipicaridea.........ccesceesceeeesecrecevees 56 FYryonidee ..........0eeeeeeceetee eee eee eee 25
90 Index.
PAGE BIPy ONIG Gbescenascesceieeeeh eee cee sect 25 CUGOT.G (CANCE) Weartecnseeeeeeoe teers a Hiupal mon) ea aserseseceeseeeceseeseee 41 Hurydicidaejracarconsssceseeaceacensnase 45 HUEY Stheusiesessesss seh erenseeeceereee 84 exaratus (Chlorodius)...... . sss... Us exaratus (Leptodius) ............0.000 8 excavata (Harpinia) .................. 73 Blabellliferay, <5. cs /1s<0sscaeceaseseeeees 45 flavipes (Goniopsis).............c000++.- 13 fusca @Ampelisca))| measaseseeeeeceeae te 70 Galacamthar oi: 1. Sects geccooeeeae heck 19 Galatheidee) «2... cccessceseoseecoensstoe: 18 Galatheid cai vs.c.sscnacsnesseeee nese 18 Gamimarideetss.s.5-scceceecseonen ees caee 81 Gaim m aridealic..s-b2sscseccesponseocene: 59 Gecarcimideerscccseascae-eceseeerecerse crs 14 geniculata (Pontharpinia)............ 74 genuina (Brachyura) .................. 2 genuina (Isopoda) .................... 45 genuina (Macrura)...............:..00 25 Geocareunid@ rr. .22--ssseee ep eeese eset 14 Glyphocrangon.osasccacctaaceeac deere 36 Glyphocrangonide ...................+. 36 Gmathophausiaiccsc--c-ereeceane esse ees 42 GONLOSOMGS sroccccesssseandoeesmnenteeen aes 9 Grandidierelilapeess.-scecercsssessesenes 88 grandis (Bathygyge), Plate XOXGNUT coe aanootschip eetlise toe ceste seis 57 granulatus (Charybdis) ............... 9 granulatus (Polycheles)............... 25 Grapsideatascnetccsessncccsscccesnoteceee 12 GYAPSUS!.« scene secseceses sesttecerecneatece 12 guanhumi (Cardisoma) ............... 14 GUCTANG. coacunccaccsascesseseesacceueeeslene 59 GUT UNC OS - ecmesastucetesyaceeveaaeess tes 59 GUCTUIIG: sass senec sealer towehnee ude oe eee 59 J GNbhaolb ist cangasposcdeeeoonodcoduedsaocoabe 5 Laiehganab hs Gosoqdseenee cenconu onc apsEan sou 73 haswellt (Liljeborgia).................. 78 hemibranchiate (Spheromide)... 48 hepatica (Calappa) ................26... 17 hepaincus (Cancer) ............--008--- 17 ETP POMOC ON Wencscessceseekeosicsnesers 64 holmesi (EKurystheus), Plate XL.a 85 SEIOSTCTIUS setcecess socteesnasteertoeese eae 5 hydrophilus (Cancer).......... ...... 7 hydrophilus (Xantho) .. ............ u LICHT ep Re0 000007500040 50619600000000000600 78 inaequalis (Cancer) .........0....0-0+++- 7 INCISUS| CLASULUS) I eeseresecddceeee eee 23 ingens (Gnathophausia)............... 43 imvestigatoris (Galacantha) ...... 19 TSOPOGEN. <5. -ctote cs scesbassensacscsrteceae 45 kladophoros (Antarcturus), Plate XEN, 5s. eeccass sevswonesssveoaevenans 53 levigata (Ampelisca) ...........6...+5 70
PAGE WeONtOCATIS! 25. .c.cassaceasscnecitesectece lepidactyloides (Palemon) ....... 40 lepidactylus (Macrobrachiumy)...... 40 lepidactylus (Macroterocheir) ...... 41 lepidactylus (Palemon)............+4. 40 TGEPLOAUUS cece apisadsscesaeaseseweeneenences i lignorum (Cymothoa)...............++- 50 lignorums (iimMoria)\e..cesecseeeeee ees 50 Tui} eborsiays\cyssce.ciaceetoencsceeeeesee 78 Liljeborgiide......... sdeageeseeecwseetees 78 Wi MOM OTA 255.55 E es nceeudessceeneseeseect 50 TMM OTUs ss asscsoecsmeseeeersanecic 50 longimanus (Hippomedon) ......... 64 longimanus (Platamon).............+. 64 longuypes (GrapSUS) ..........00.0.eee0e 13 longirostris (Glyphocrangon) ...... 38 longirostris (Rhachocaris)............ 38 MOpPhOgastridee-csw.eeesceessce tees 42 MBDA acc aerecteni ct acces emctscaies seston’ aparece 11 EADY SLONNG a idecnacbonsasedobnananqconeonSoce 9 My SIAMASSIAG essere eeforisijoe.se eteclswesecae 59 IWGCrOO A CHUUNU eter scseneseeeenten te 2, 39 macrophthalmus (Amaryllis) ...... 67 Macrotierocheitueessserereee eee 5 BY) MaCruras 2 .ssccecncaes cect cetoseceeaces 18, 25 Mamaia: .3% im. msccesconssestinseeote steer 3 Mam ali dees.t -<sccematoeceuiscnseeeeases 2 megistos (Dardanus) ..........+.20005 21 megistos (Pagurus)..........0.sc0s0s008 21 mossanrbicus (Macrobrachium) 41° manus (Pentacheles) ........0...00000- 27 nanus (Polycheles)).-...2..e-osss-e 27 natator (Charybdis), Plates P.@.Gfi Hl .©:4 D.Cee earner onaner acer 9 natator (LWhalamitd) .....--.+--0+-8-6 9 Nematopagurus ......0:0c0....essersees 23 MOSPAN (SOUS) Noeeoecrenel cere eee eet 44 MICHENSIS (GUCTINIA) 42... .++.2.2-. 60-63 onconotus (Tryphosa), Plate XXIV Ai cecressieeescorcarsacmssace sien 65 oratoria (Squilla) ..................+.+ 45 Oprayanelalyaa(6l0te) ococissooodobddoana aneeEed0d 2 Oxystomataieneecsnesrce-ceeeces tosses 15 Paguirid soecoescenseeaeneeeeetecas 20 IRE Fea a (6 GEE pon condecone non 94q00009neOuBOGEE 20 IPACUIEMS ee seccespee ere maaeeceneecte sia il Paleamomni deates esos ee eeeeeeels cease. 39 Palin cere eee eee erates eel clese 28 Palinridseweecesees stesso 6 -cira-ssae 33 Tet HAH BI GABES seonoocecocounc cobooDeso0nedEOONO 33 pelacican(Giupa)pessseces-tibeeceene e-em. 12 pelagicus (Neptunus) .......0.seceeeeee 12 pelagicus (Portunus) .......000..-0000 12 penicillatus (Palinurus) ............ 33 penicillatus (Panulirus) ... ...... 33 penicillatus (Sener) .................. 33
PAGE Photide.......... Fee re acsisiieinsdispeledhdvtessier 84 Phoxocephalide ............0..-0s0+e00 73 (PlasbOCran SON serearcceswes. coses--22<96 36 Play alate gsresecsecissecocesslaecn nies ie 4 121 (zyb x0} 0}8 (0101. Gonooso0concuDedonuamedsceed 51 Poly chelestsesrecosecsteessese see -le-\ 25 Pontharpinia ........0... ..sseseeeeeees 74 Rorbunideeee-ccssccetosaseedeessiccies st 8 ProstoMatET .........cceceeessersereoeeoes 59 punctulatus (Pagurus) .........+s0++ 21 queketti (Mamaia), Plate XXVII. 3 TAMPFOTMIS (CANCE)... .eeveeeeeeee ees 16 IRYNGNTE, cosodocnadoososedcono aon nenecoceonac 16 IgksimbsHKEe =k 3 coone9 gonboobosonoaBoRoasHondec 15 TANINUS (CANCET).....0000.20.0-s0eeee-e- 16 raschii (Trischizostoma) ..........-- 61
remipes (Trischizostoma), Plate
SOIOMIIN GS — docachasabooscocasougouonp pce il JED GONO IDO FOOE: coceos8cb0b08050500000e00c 56 URACILOCOUIS loa stonsincceccssoaciee=sesceseos 36 rostrata (Galacantha)................+ 20 rostrata (Munidopsis) ..... ....+0+6 20 rubromaculatus (Ceradocus)......... 81 rubromaculatus (Gammarus) ...... 81 rudis @Hiupaleemon)) <..-4..0...--..-*6 41 LUGIS (PAIEMON) .....0.0..c0ceesesesoers 41 scabra; (ALOUNe) ......0.0s.0cecsesneres 16 Scabral CHappa)-s.-sccossesseenescecs-se== 16 Bca bra Galina) ly .cseosesseeeseceee series 16 SChizOpod desesrceqcees test sssccsseese ss 42 sculpta (Rhachocaris)............+++0++ 37 sculptus (Glyphocrangon)............ 37 sculptus (Polycheles).............. 26-28 sculptus (Scylarides).................. 29 scutifrons (Conilorpheus), Plate
XENON So eases ssetoses sesentiteosns 46 Stovall be scaneocccoansesacsso0dsns-cc0de 28 Seyllarideay soc o-c.csasesssessuaee sence 28 Soyllanid@s® ccsencersses secs as saan wae 29
Ba SET ee epee snchenoscencdiqcosess pee 33
PAGE Sergestes’ -.casscsrce seneseseneeseerectercs 35 Serrvatai Gann d))\eecseas-seetessesste es 16 setulosum (Exospheroma).........+++ 48 sexdentata (Charybdis) ............... 10 Sphewromay faco.secchaaereceereeeess 49 Spheromidsey peesceeeseaeeeesereee: 48 Spinlgeray (Mad) i cscs. seeneeceee sess 3 spinigera (Paramdija) ........6...066 3 Sqraillay <.ccensssieescccsncsesceceeteesensees 2, 44 Squilllid conse scctncncesseiececeooseeeo es 44 stimpsoni (Pontharpinia), Plate REX LL ceeeaap ncetaneee see eereresiecs 75 tOMabOPOd Mur-eccsen secon eeceereee scare 44 Sip1atus\ (Pagurus) eesc-escse-eeee teens 22 SEVIGOSA (GONMLOPSIS) ......s2eeceeeeeee 13 strigosus (GrapsuS)...............02-+ 13 strigosus (Pagurus).......2-.-0---08--es 22 talismanivi (Galacantha) ............ 9 terebrans (Limnoria) .................. 50 terebrans (Spheroma) ............... 49 MIM POM eae ie eee oan ase ane Semcene eon reine 79 Miromideayweacenc-carestcecee asec seceies 79 rischizostoma .cecsecessscereeeseee te 1, 59 MiryphOsanpenssecerssseseescescseeeenoses 65 tuberculata (Calappa) ............... 18 turbynet (Platymaia) ............6+ 4 typica (AOra) ......266 1. ceceseecneee eee 84 uncirostrata (Pontharpinia)......... 74 valida, (Cymodoce).........1220...0+00.. 48 validum (Exospheroma) .........++ 48 \VGNIARETET Geocovadecosadaboo, o10000d000R00 50 vulgaris (Clibanarius) ............... 21 wyville-thomsoni (Platymaia)...... 4 Nan thidwegesecceesseoes nas eeatdeseeeeeee 6 DEWAN HATS! crocigneponendoHeneasaboNOcNDIGOC 6 DEE Ftd NNO} cae chausendoannconnoacsocencnaccsac: 7 VACANT, Go spoeocndoogoooonnonbodsbeog0000neC 49
Dydd HHT: MM
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(98)
PMPDANATION OF PLATES.
The Plates are numbered in the first line consecutively to those of ** South African Crustacea,” Part III.
PuatE I. (XXVIL.) Mamaia queketti, n. sp.
Dorsal view of male, from photograph.
Puate II. (XXVIII.) Charybdis natator (Herbst).
Dorsal view of male, from photograph.
PuateE III. (XXIX.) Charybdis natator (Herbst).
Ventral view of the same specimen, from photograph.
PuatEe IV. (XXX.) Scyllarides elisabethe (Ortmann).
Dorsal view of female, from photograph.
Puate V. (XXXI.) Conilorpheus scutifrons, n. sp.
n.s. Line indicating natural size of male specimen figured below in lateral view complete, and in dorsal view, with the body separated between the fifth and sixth segments of the perwon.
c. Dorsal view of head, with first and second antenne (eyes omitted).
mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. First and second maxilla and maxilliped, more enlarged than the other appendages.
gn. 1,2; prp. 1, 2,3,5. First and second gnathopods, and first, second, third, and fifth persopods.
plp. 2, urp. Second pleopod and uropod. T. Apex of telsonic segment, enlarged on the same scale as the mouth-organs.
94 Explanation of Plates.
Puate VI. (XXXII.) Antarcturus kladophoros, n. sp. n.s. Line indicating natural size of the female specimen figured above in lateral view. c.p. Dorsal process of head much magnified.
oc., a.i., as. Part of head with eye, and second antenna incomplete; first antenna, detached, with higher magnification of its apex.
fl. ai. Flagellum of second antenna. l.s., Li., mxp. Upper lip with epistome, lower lip, maxilliped. These are more highly magnified than the other appendages, except the uropod.
gn. 1, prp. 2,3, plp. First gnathopod; second and third perzopods, and first pleopod.
urp. Uropod, with greater enlargement of the rami.
Pl. Dorsal view of pleon.
PuaTE VII. (XXXIII.) Bathygyge grandis, Hansen.
n.s. ?,m.8. ¢. Lines indicating natural size of the female and male specimens figured for the female in dorsal and ventral view, and for the male in dorsal.
mxp, ?,prp. ¢, Pl. ?. Maxilliped, a perzeopod with higher enlargement of apical portion, and pleon of the female. The remaining figures refer to the male.
a.S.,a.1.,m., mxp. First and second antennz, mandible and maxilliped.
gn. 1, prp. 2. First gnathopod and second perwopod, each with higher enlarge- ment of distal portion. ; Pl. Pleon.
PuatE VIII. (XXXIV.) Trischizostoma remipes, n. sp.
n.s. Line indicating natural size of specimen figured below in lateral view. a.s.,a.. First and second antenne.
l.s., m., mx. 1, mx. 2,mxp. Upper lip, mandible, first and second maxille,
maxillipeds. These are more highly magnified than the other append- ages.
gn. 1, gn. 2, prp. 2,5. First and second gnathopods; second pereopod (part), and fifth pereeopod.
Pl., urp. 1, 2,3. Dorsal view of pleon from the fourth segment, with telson, first and second uropods on the right, and the pair of third uropods.
PuatE IX. (XXXYV.) Tryphosa onconotus, n. sp.
ns. Line indicating natural size of specimen figured below in lateral view.
a.s., ai. First and second antenne.
m., mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. Mandible, first and second maxille, maxilliped, more enlarged than the other appendages.
gn. 1, gn. 2, prp. 2, 3,4, 5. First and second gnathopods (with apical portion of each to the same scale as the mouth-organs), second, third, fourth, and fifth perropods.
Explanation of Plates. 95
urp. 1, 2,3. First, second, and third uropods.
Pl., T. Pleon from end of second segment in lateral view ; telson in dorsal view, on the scale of the uropods and also on that of the mouth-organs.
PuaTE X. (XXXVI.) Byblis anisuropus, n. sp.
n.s. Line indicating natural size of specimen figured above in lateral view.
CG. Lateral view of head, with bases of antenne.
a.s. First antenna.
l.s., Li., m., mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. Upper and lower lips, mandible, first and second maxille, and maxillipeds, more highly magnified than the other
appendages. Enlargement of armature of mx. 1 higher than any of the other figures except telson.
gn. 1, gn. 2. prp. 2, 3, 4, 5. First and second gnathopods; second, third, fourth and fifth pereopods, with distal parts of gn. 2, and prp. 3 and 5 more highly magnified.
urp. 1, 2, 3, T. First, second, and third uropods; dorsal view of telson to the same scale, and also on a higher scale than all the other figures except armature of mx. 1.
PratEe XI. (XXXVII.) Pontharpunia stvmpson, n. sp.
n.s. Line indicating natural size of female specimen figured above in lateral view.
C. Dorsal view of head. a.s., ai. First and second antenne. m., l.i., mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. Mandible, lower lip, first and second maxille,
and maxilliped. These parts, with the tip of finger of gn. 2, and the telson are magnified on a higher scale than the other appendages.
gn. 1, gn. 2, prp. 1,3,4,5. First and second gnathopods ; first, third, fourth, and fifth perwopods.
urp. 1, 2,3, T. First, second, and third uropods ; telson on the same scale as the limbs, and also on the scale of the mouth-organs, in dorsal view.
Prate XII. (XXXVIII.) Tiron australis, un. sp.
ns.¢,n.s.?. Lines indicating natural size of the adjoining figure of male specimen in lateral view, and of an unfigured female specimen.
a.s., ai. First and second antenne.
m., mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. Mandible, first and second maxillz, and part of maxil- liped. Apex of palp of first maxilla more highly magnified than the other figures. All the mouth-organs more highly magnified than the other appendages.
gn.1, gn. 2, prp. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. First and second gnathopods, and the five pereeopods.
urp. 1, 2, 3, T. First, second, and third uropods, and the telson. Telson further enlarged, but to a lower scale than that of the mouth- organs.
96 EHaplanation of Plates.
PuatE XIII. (XXXIX.) Elasmopoides chevreuxi, n. g. et sp.
n.s. Line indicating natural size of female specimen figured above in lateral view.
ls., l.i., m., mx. 1, mx.2, mxp. Upper and lower lips, mandible, first and second maxillz, and maxillipeds. These parts are more highly magnified than the other appendages, except the finger of prp. 2.
gn. 1, gn. 2, prp. 2, 5. First and second gnathopods ; second and fifth perso- pods; the finger of prp. 2 more highly magnified than any of the other figures.
urp. 3, T. Third uropod, and dorsal view of telson in attachment to sixth pleon segment.
PuatE XIV. (XL.a.) Eurystheus holmesi, n. sp.
n.s. Line indicating natural size of male specimen figured below in lateral view.
gn. 1, gn. 2, prp. 3,4, 5. First and second gnathopods, and third, fourth, and fifth perzeopods.
urp. 1, 2, 3. First uropod in attachment to fourth pleon segment in lateral view; second and third uropods in attachment respectively to fifth and sixth pleon segments, and the telson, in dorsal view.
Puate XV. (XL.B.) Eurystheus atlanticus (Stebbing).
gn. 1, gn.2, prp. 3. First gnathopod with higher magnification of the finger, second gnathopod, second and third joints of the third pereopod.
urp. 1, 2,3, T. First, second, and third uropods; telson attached to sixth pleon segment in dorsal view. All the parts figured from a male specimen.
Ann. S. Afric. Mus. Vol. VI. Plate I. (Crustacea. Plate XX VII.)
Johnson, Bird & Co. phot West. Newman proc.
MAMAIA QUEKETTI, N. SP.
Plate ie
Ann. 8S. Afric. Mus. Vol. VI.
Newman proc.
West,
Johnson, Bird & Co. phot.
( Herbst.)
CHARYBDIS NATATOR
Ann. §. Afric. Mus. Vol. VI. Plate ITT. (Crustacea. Plate X XIX.)
West, Newman proc. Johnson, Bird & Co. phot
CHARYBDIS NATATOR (Herbst.).
Ann. 8. Afric. Mus. Vol. VI. Plate IV. (Crustacea. Plate XXX.)
Johnson, Bird & Co. phot West, Newman proc.
SCYLLARIDES ELISABETH (Ortmann).
Crustacea. Plate XXX1. Pie Vv.
Ann.S. Afr Mus.Vol.VI.
; sae ing. aes “West, Newman ~ $ * CONILORPHEUS Bits PRONS 7. Sp. * 2° 5 -’ = H
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: *¢ 1 ’
=~ ? = ary
Crustacea. Plate XXXII. Anms. Ate: Mars. Vol VI. ‘PL VI.
Del. T.R.R.Steboding. West, Newman imp
ANTARCTURUS KLADOPHOROS n sp.
s ; a SD: . , ~.
, Aa |
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Crustacea. Plate XXOUIII. Ann.S.Afr. Mus.Vol.VI. IVAN
Del. T.R.R.Stebbing. West, Newman imp. BATHYGYGE GRANDIS Hansen.
Crustacea. Plate XXXIV.
Ago Se Afr. Mus.Vol.VI. PL.VIEL.
Del. .R.R.Stebbing.
West,Newman imp.
TRISCHIZOSTOMA REMIPES n.sp
Crastacea. Plate x2Oay. Ann.S. Afr. Mus.Vol.VI. MES
Del. T.R.R.Stebbing. West, Newman imp. GRYPHOSA ONCONOTUS 7. sp:
eng rr Crustacea. Plate XXXVI Ann.S. Afr. Mus.Vol VI. Pie
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a ai
Del. T.R.R.Stebbing. West, Newman imp. Babinlse ANS UR OR UsS Wes)
Crustacea Plate XX XVII.
Am. S Afp. Muie?Vol VL. E Pl XT
j f u S| ‘Ap S| iy “ {
toa 2} +} ht ty a | oii i
Del.T.R.R.Stebbing. West, Newman imp. PONTHARPINIA STIMPSONI z.sp.
i Crustacea. Plate XXXVIII. Ann.S.Afr.Mus Vol VI es se, “e. PLXIL Q aa
Del.T.R.R.Stebbing. . : ? West, Newman imp. TiEROmN AES RAMS 3 72.S72- ;
: Re ‘ : hd
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F Crustacea. Plate XXXlX. Ann.S. Afr. Mus.Vol.VI. PTE
———e
Del: TR.RStebbing.
West, Newman imp.
ELASMOPOIDES CHEVREUZI n g..etsp.
Crustacea slave sin Ann.S.Afr.Mus.Vol.VI. Pl Say
Del. T R.R.Stebbing. West, Newman iznp A.EURYSTHEUS HOLMESI 2z.sp. B.EHURYSTHEUS ATLANTICUS (Stedéing)
weesisinissssarsete reese
i
(97 )
2.—The Blenniide of South Africa —By J. D. F. \Gincurist, M.A., D.Sc., Pa.D.; and W. Warpuaw THompson.
THE Blenniide (Blennies, or Klipfish) of South Africa, though comparatively abundant and easily procured, are very imperfectly known. Those that have been described are often so insufficiently characterised that they cannot with certainty be identified, due also in a large measure to the procuring of isolated specimens and the description of unimportant characters.
The following review of this family of fish in South African waters is based on collections made at Walwich Bay by Mr. Scully, at East London by Mr. Brooking and Mr. J. Wood, at Natal by Mr. Romer Robinson, and at various places by the authors.
The most prominent feature is the presence of numerous species of the genus Clinus, there being 22 species as contrasted with 16 of all the other genera of the Blenniide represented here. Of the nine known species we have been able to identify eight with a fair amount of certainty, and to draw up a revised description of these from an examination of numerous specimens. The one species of which we have not yet found a specimen is C. heterodon, and Valenciennes, original description of this is merely abstracted. Twelve new species and one new variety are now described; most of them are well characterised, but in the case of two (Clinus superciliosus vay. arborescens, and Clinus ornatus) it was only after an examination of many specimens that we found it necessary to separate them from Clinus superciliosus.
The distribution of this genus (Clinus) is also of interest, the species representing it being much more abundant in the colder waters of the Cape Peninsula and West Coast. Only one species has been found, by Mr. Robinson, in Natal, though he readily procured specimens of Blennius, Salarias, &e. From personal examination of such localities as the Cape Peninsula and Durban we have found that this is a most striking feature of the marine fauna, various species of Clinus occurring in almost every rock-pool
i
98 Annals of the South African Musewm.
of the first-named locality, and species of Blennius and Salarias occurring as abundantly at the latter.
We have found that a natural division of the genus Clinus may be made into those with a distinct but not separate crest, and those without one, Ogilby (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales X., 1885, p. 226) has suggested the generic name Petraites for species in which “the third dorsal spine is connected to the basal portion of the first spine of the second dorsal,’ and the name Clinus for those in which the third spine ‘is connected to the middle or upper half of the first spine of second dorsal.’’ In our South African species, however, it is found that the height at which the connecting membrane of the crest is attached to the fourth spine is not con- stant, varying from a fourth or fifth to a half in individuals of the same species (Clinus swperciliosus); under these circumstances it seems preferable—whilst retaining for the present the genus Clinus in the text as including both forms—to keep this name for the crested form and to group the non-crested under another genus, for which we suggest the name Clinoides. We retain the name Cristiceps for those forms in which the first dorsal is distinctly separate from the second, the membrane not being joined on to the second; and this irrespective of the position of the first dorsal spines with reference to the eye.
Famiry BLENNIIDA.
Body elongate, generally low and more or less cylindrical ; naked, or covered with moderate sized or small scales which are ctenoid or cycloid; lateral line variously developed, wanting, or duplicated ; mouth large or small, teeth various. Dorsal fin occupying nearly the whole of the back and sometimes joined to the caudal; formed either wholly of spines, or of spines and soft rays, or of soft rays alone. Anal fin long, similar to soft dorsal, with or without anterior spines, and sometimes joined to caudal. Ventral fins jugular or sub-thoracic, usually formed of one hidden spine and from one to three soft rays, which are sometimes divided. Caudal fin well developed. No bony stay to sub-orbitals which often have a shelf. Scapula perforate.
Fishes of moderate or small size aehoralle found about the fore- shore, though some are known to inhabit deeper water. Mostly carnivorous and oviparous; the genus Clinus, however, is mostly viviparous.
The Blenniide of South Africa. 99
Synopsis of the Genera described. (a) Spinous and soft portions of dorsal fin of nearly equal extent.
1. Body naked. Jaws with a single series of immovable teeth and generally a posterior canine on one or both jaws. Gill QMening wide si 5. se ci oc me ce oe we +o BEENNIUS:
2. Body naked. Jaws with a single series of immovable teeth and a strong curved posterior canine on each side. Gill opening reduced to a small foramen above root of pectorals.
Dorsal fin low a ts ee een CASPIMONDUSs
3. Closely allied to Aspidontus, but dorsal fin with anterior spines
elevated Ho) AW Steet ee Seer Me ae ae EE TROSCIRTES:
4. Jaws with a series of numerous small movable teeth implanted in the gum, with or without posterior canines. Dorsal single, and with or without a notch. Gill opening wide .. Sanartas.
b) Dorsal fin or fins composed chiefly of spiens with a few posterior rays. I y I I My
5. A single dorsal fin composed of many spines and one or more soft rays. Teeth in a narrow band or cluster, or a single series often with a band or cluster of smaller teeth behind
them, on each jaw: teethon vomer .. .. .. .. .. CLINUS. 6. Two dorsal fins, the anterior composed of three spines .. .. .CRISTICEPS. 7. Three dorsal fins, the two anterior being spinous .. .. .. TRIPTERYGIUM.
BLENNIUS, L.
Body moderately elongate, naked. Snout short; profile of head bluntly rounded ; cleft of mouth small, horizontal. A single series of slender, curved, close-set, immovable teeth on each jaw, with a curved canine on each side of both jaws or of the lower jaw only. Gill-opening wide. Tentacles above the orbits more or less developed, sometimes absent. Dorsal fin entire, with a more or less pronounced notch between the spinous and _ soft portions. Ventrals jugular, formed by a hidden spine and two rays, the latter split into two, well developed. Pectorals moderate. Lateral line developed anteriorly.
BLENNIUS BIFILUM, Giinth.
Blennius bifilum, Ginth., ili., p. 225.
No curved posterior canines. Depth of body equals length of head and is 42 times in total length excluding caudal. Distance from eye to point of snout 14 times diameter of eye, which is
2 times in length of head and 14 times interorbital width; depth
100 Annals of the South African Museum.
of caudal peduncle about 2 to 24 times in length of head. No orbital tentacles, but there is a pair of slender tapering filaments on the nape ; interorbital space depressed in centre; snout very obtuse, with anterior profile abruptly descending; upper lip thick and projects beyond lower, maxillary reaches barely to vertical of anterior margin of orbits; eyes prominent and placed high in the head, bulging at interorbital space.
Dorsal xi 18 ; commences over posterior border of operculum and does not quite reach base of caudal; soft-rayed portion higher than spinous, a notch between spinous and soft dorsal. Pectorals 14; slightly longer than head and reach to vertical of origin of anal, pointed, middle rays longest. Ventrals 12; about + length of head. Anal 20; Ist ray short, remainder about the height of spinous dorsal, membranes incised. Caudal nearly as long as head, truncate, rays divided. Lateral line tubes only apparent anteriorly where the lateral line is arched over the pectorals.
Colour (of preserved specimens), grey, seven or eight transverse dark bands cross body, extending partly on to fins; dorsal with dull brown dots, also on caudal, where they form cross bands; scattered over the body more or less distinctly are small circular or oval areas devoid of pigment and sometimes bordered by a dark circle.
Four specimens, 43 mm., 51 mm., 53 mm., 55 mm. in length, respectively, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
BLENNIUS corNuTUS, L. (Bijter.)
Blenmius, sp. Gronoy. Zoophyl., n. 264.
Blennius cornutus, L. Amcen. Acad., 1, p- 316, and Mus. Ad. Fried., p. 161; Bl. Schn., p. 169; Gronov. Syst. Hd. Gray, p. 95; Giinth., i., p. 203.
Blennius grandicornis, Cuv. and Val., xi., p. 258.
A strong slightly-curved canine on each side of lower jaw, a slightly smaller one on each side of upper [in one specimen one side of the lower jaw had 2 canines]. Depth of body 34 to 4 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 to 4 times. Distance from eye to point of snout about twice interorbital width and 12 to 1} times diameter of eye, which is 44 to 5 times in length of head ; depth of caudal peduncle 24 to 34 times in length of head. A tapering filament, longer in the males than the females, with a group of shorter filaments springing from its base on each side ig situated on upper posterior angle of each eye, and the anterior nostril has a
The Blenniide of South Africa, 101
fringed tentacle or flap; interorbital space concave; a deep trans- verse groove behind orbits, which are prominent and placed high up: anterior profile of head descends abruptly, snout obtuse, giving a somewhat swollen appearance to the throat; upper lip overhangs lower, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third or middle of orbits. Mucous pores on head and shoulders; and the arched portion of the lateral line is formed by two rows of pores, which are sometimes apparent as a single row posteriorly.
Dorsal xii 17-20; slightly emarginate, commences about in line with posterior margin of preoperculum, not joined to caudal; spines weak, the anterior ones curved backwards in their upper half and 3 to 4 length of head; a well-defined notch between spinous and soft-rayed portions, the latter being about equal to or a little higher than the spinous portion. Pectorals 14, oval in outline, middle rays longest and 4%, to ,®, length of head, membranes incised. Ventrals 1 2; 4 to 2 length of head. Anal m 19-21; in the males the spines are tuberculous, in the females the 1st spine is not always apparent and there are no tubercles; soft rays not so high as those of soft dorsal, membranes incised. Caudal slightly rounded, inner rays divided, about # length of head.
Colour (alive), dark, with shades of lighter brown or faint bars on body; a black margin to anal, lower rays of pectorals pinkish ; tentacles over eyes light red, grey, &c.; thoracic and abdominal region white or light coloured ; a tinge of yellow and pink on body and fins.
Colour (of preserved specimens), light brown, head and margin of anal black ; sometimes faint marbling on body.
Four specimens, 84 mm., 93 mm., 103 mm., 107 mm. in length respectively, from Kalk Bay.
BLENNIUS CRINITUS, C. and V.
Blennius crinitus, Cuv. and Val., xi., p. 237; Guichen, Explor. Algér. Poiss., p. 72; Gunth., 1., p. 224.
A little Blenny remarkable for the number of filaments which it bears on its brows and nape: above each eye there are 3 small ones, and in a longitudinal line extending from the interorbital space nearly to the base of the dorsal there are 10 or 11, of which the longest is about } the height of the head; there are apparently no nasal tentacles. The profile of the head descends rapidly. There are about 30 fine teeth on each jaw; no canines, or with very small ones posteriorly. The head, almost as high as long, is about
102 Annals of the South African Museum.
4% times in the total length. The dorsal is slightly emarginate above the 11th spine, which is about 4 the length of the others; it is joined to the back before the caudal. The two first spines of the anal are tuberculous. Pectorals 1 length of body ; ventrals ¢ the length of body.
De xi 14 Ar iG SEO eel oP a6 < Vic 2:
The colour when fresh appears to be green with brown shades ; ends of filaments on nape are brown and white, and less markedly the dorsal spines, with a round black spot between Ist and 2nd spine ; anal has a black border and the extremities of the rays white.
BLENNIUS CAPItTo, C. and V.
Blennius capito, Cuv. and Val., xi., p. 260; Giinth., iii., p. 215.
This species is marked by the curved portion of the lateral line being formed anteriorly by a double row of pores, with a single row for the rest of its length. Its profile very abrupt, which causes the swelling of the throat to be more apparent. There is a very marked transverse depression on the head behind the eyes. A soft skin, loose and spongy, envelops and nearly hides the dorsal and anal: head 43 times in total length, it is notably almost as broad as high. There are 36 or 38 teeth in each jaw; no canines, or at least only a very small one posteriorly, scarcely distinguishable from the other teeth. The length of the ventrals is nearly 9 times in that of the body. The dorsal is joined to the back before the caudal, which is not longer than the ventrals. The two fungiform tubercles are very pronounced. There are several well-marked pores on the cheek.
De exit 19%. AS arc:
In preservative it appears of a blackish brown, paler on the belly, and several whitish tints are apparent in the form of marbling, &c.
The species is large for the genus—7 or 8 inches.
Notre.—Giinther describes the superciliary margin as swollen, with a short fringed tentacle posteriorly.
BLENNIUS CASTANEUS, Cast.
Blennius castaneus, Cast. Mem., p. 50.
Very near to B. capito of Cuy. and Val., but the lateral line is crossed on its anterior portion by a certain number of small trans- verse incisions, and behind the curve the line is formed of a simple series of strong and isolated points.
The colour is a uniform chestnut, even that of the eyes. There are rows of pores round the eyes.
The Blenniide of South Africa. 103
Dex Oc ALOE ©. Isic) PR. tae VO:
Total length, 90 mm.
This species differs from B. capito in the construction of the lateral line, and the number of rays in the fins; it was sent from Algoa
Bay by Mr. Chabaud.
BLENNIUS SCULLYI, n. sp.
A single large curved tooth on either side of each jaw, those on the upper jaw smaller than those on the lower. Depth of body equals length of head, and is about 3? times in total length excluding caudal. Distance from eye to point of snout 12 times diameter of eye, which is 4? times in length of head; interorbital width 3 diameter of eye; depth of caudal peduncle 3} times in length of head. A single filament, with shorter ones springing from its base, over each eye; a tentacle on anterior nostril; interorbital space with a longitudinal groove ; a transverse groove behind orbits ; snout obtuse, the anterior profile abruptly descending ; upper jaw overhangs lower, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits ; eyes prominent.
Dorsal xii 19; commences in line with posterior margin of pre- operculum, continuous but not joined to caudal; spinous portion rather lower than soft-rayed, with a notch between them caused by shortening of posterior spines ; the last soft ray divided. Pectorals 14; broad and pointed, nearly 2? length of head, reach to anal. Ventrals 12; about $ length of head, rays divided and enclosed in membrane nearly their whole length. Anal 1m 21; rays slightly thickened at extremities, shorter anteriorly, membranes slightly incised. Caudal slightly rounded, ,% length of head.
Colour (of preserved specimen), light greyish brown, mottled ; a dark patch on membrane between Ist and 2nd dorsal spines.
A single specimen, 70 mm. in length, from Mr. Scully, Walwich Bay, after whom it has been named.
BLENNIUS OCELLATUS, N. Sp.
No large curved teeth in jaws. Depth of body 3 to 4 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 to 41 times. Dis- tance from eye to point of snout equals diameter of eye, which is about 31 times in length of head; interorbital width 2 diameter of eye; depth of caudal peduncle 2% to 23 times in length of head. A long filament over the centre of each eye, sometimes divided at the extremity, with a cluster of short filaments branching off its base generally in the rear; interorbital space with a longitudinal
104 Annals of the South African Museum.
groove; profile of snout almost vertical, upper lip very slightly over- hanging lower, cleft of mouth small and lateral, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third or middle of orbits; eyes placed high up and to the front. A series of mucous pores round orbits, a row along posterior and lower margins of preoperculum, and a row on each side of arch of lateral line.
Dorsal xii 21; commences a little behind posterior margin of preoperculum and reaches to about base of caudal; spinous and soft-rayed portions about equal in height, 3 length of head, with a very slight notch between them caused by shortening of last spine and first ray; soft rays and posterior spines are slightly tuberculose at their extremity. Pectorals 14; oval and slightly pointed, about Yo length of head. Ventrals 1 2; about + length of head. Anal ir 21; spines with a pronounced tubercle on each, extremities of rays slightly tuberculose ; a minute tubercle between Ist spine and anus. Caudal slightly rounded, rays split at the extremity, about 3 length of head. Lateral line a double row of openings only visible anteriorly.
Colour, light yellowish brown or grey, with broad dark cross- bands, and a dark spot on dorsal between the 3rd and 5th dorsal spines over the band behind the pectorals.
Two specimens, 68 mm. and 61 mm. in length respectively, obtained by the Pieter Faure (s.) in False Bay; the larger caught in the dredge, in 9 fms., about 1 mile off Zwartklip, the smaller (grey one) in the shrimp trawl, in 14 fms., about 24 miles off Seal Island.
The species is distinguished from B. capito by the absence of the transverse groove behind tentacles, ocellated spot on dorsal, &e.
Norre.—After this paper was in print we received a copy of a paper by Mr. Tate Regan describing a collection of fishes made by Dr. Warren. One of his new species (Salarias kosiensis) corresponds closely to a species which we had described as new, and we substi- tute his prior name. He also describes a new species of Blennius (B. punctifer), specimens of which we have not yet procured: his description of this species will be found on p. 141.
ASPIDONTUS, Cuv.
Body elongate, naked. Mouth small, with a single row of immovable teeth in each jaw and a strong curved canine on each side, those of the lower jaw much stronger than those of the upper. Gill-opening closed beneath and reduced to a small foramen above
The Blennude of South Africa. 105
the root of the pectorals. Dorsal fin low, the anterior spines not elevated. Ventrals jugular, composed of from 2 to 4 rays.
ASPIDONTUS WOODT, Nn. Sp.
Canine teeth strong, especially in lower jaw. Depth of body about equals length of head, and is 5,2, times in total length ex- cluding caudal. Distance from eye to point of snout 14 times diameter of eye, which equals interorbital width and is 42 times in length of head. No orbital tentacles, but there is a crest on the head twice the diameter of the eye in height and extending from above anterior margin of orbits to nape; snout obtuse and projecting slightly beyond mouth ; upper jaw longer than lower and upper lip overhangs ; mouth small and cleft slightly oblique, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits; eyes placed high up and with a row of pores round their posterior margin; a large pore below mandibles at each corner of mouth.
Dorsal xii 20; commences in line with opercular border and extends to base of caudal, spines weak ; 1st spine 2 length of head, remainder successively lengthening, the last spine being 4 higher than the first. Membranes of soft rays slightly notched, ends of rays filamentous, longest ray about 14 times length of head. Pec- torals 13; slightly longer than head. Ventrals 12; about 2 length of head. Anal 21; low anteriorly, rising to about + length of head, membranes slightly emarginate. Caudal about 1} times length of head, broad and rounded. Body elongate and slightly compressed, its depth varies very slightly for the greater part of its length; depth of caudal peduncle more than 4 the greatest depth of the body. Lateral line indistinct.
Colour (of preserved specimen) brown, with about a dozen dark transverse curved bars on body ; no spots.
A single specimen, 80 mm. in length, from Nahoon River; sent by Mr. J. Wood, after whom it is named, and who has collected many specimens of marine animals.
PETROSCIRTES, Riippell.
This genus is closely allied to dspidontus, differing chiefly in the elevated dorsal fin, the anterior spines being much higher than the others.
? PETROSCIRTES FILAMENTOSUS, C, and V.
Blennechis filamentosus, Cuv. and Val., xi., p. 280, pl. 326.
106 Annals of the South African Museum.
Petroskirtes rostratus (Solander), Bleek, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-Nederl., ii, Amboina, p. 62, Petroscirtes filamentosus, Giinth., iii., p. 231.
No canines in upper jaw, those of lower jaw strong. Depth of body 5 times in total length excluding caudal, nearly 52 with caudal ; length of head 4 times excluding, 42 times with caudal. Distance from eye to point of snout 14 times diameter of eye, which is 14 times in interorbital width and 42 times in length of head; depth of caudal peduncle 24 times in length of head. No orbital tentacles or crest on head; snout produced and conical, projecting much beyond cleft of mouth, which is lateral ; upper jaw projecting beyond lower, mouth inferior, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin of orbits.
Dorsal xxxvi.; commences in line with posterior margin of pre- operculum and extends nearly to caudal ; anterior spines elongate and filamentous, about the length of the head. Pectorals 14; pointed, lower rays longest and nearly 2 length of head. Ventrals 3; the 3rd ray very short and weak, the others filamentous and # length of head. Anal 26; 1st ray short, 2nd about 14 times as long, remainder subequal and ,%, length of head; membranes slightly incised. Caudal about /, length of head, with a vertical margin and notched.
Colour (of preserved specimen) uniform brown, a dark horizontal band through the eye and extending on to the body, large dark brown patches on anterior crest of dorsal and at intervals behind it.
One specimen, 54 mm. in length, procured by the ss. Pieter Faure in St. Lucia Bay.
SALARIAS, Cuv.
Body moderately elongate, naked. Snout short. Cleft of mouth transverse. Tentacles above orbits more or less developed. A row of small movable teeth in the gums generally with a posterior curved canine on each side of lower jaw. Dorsal single, sometimes divided by a more or less deep notch between the spinous and soft-rayed portions. Ventrals jugular, formed by a small hidden spine and from two to four rays. A crest on the head in many cases, but in some species this has been found to be confined to the males. Gill- openings wide.
This genus includes the species classified by Jordan and Everman under Entomacrodus, having canine teeth, and Scartichthys, without canines, in both of which the dorsal fin is divided by a notch.
The Blennide of South Africa. 107
SALARIAS KOSIENSIS, Regan.
Salaris kosiensis, Regan, Ann. Nat. Gov. Museum, vol. 1, pt. 3, p. 254. (Blue Blenny, Yellow Blenny.)
A strong canine on each side of lower jaw. Depth of body 34), to 3; times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 to 4 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 14 times to nearly twice diameter of eye, which is 48 to 51 times in length of head ; interorbital width ~ to 14 diameter of eye; greatest depth of head equals its length and slightly exceeds its greatest breadth ; depth of caudal peduncle 2% to 3 times in length of head. Snout obtuse, pro- jecting slightly beyond mouth ; upper lip thick and overhangs lower, maxillary reaches to vertical of middle or posterior third of orbits ; a simple tentacle over the centre of each eye the length of which seems to vary, ranging from + to about # length of head; a bunch of tentacles at anterior nostril; a row or fringe of closely set plain tentacles about 4 diameter of eye in length across nape, with a transverse groove between it and the origin of the dorsal fin; cheeks very swollen.
Dorsal xi 11-12; commences slightly in front of base of pectorals and reaches nearly to caudal ; spines weak, the Ist bent backwards at about 4 its height and from 4 to 4 length of head; succeeding spines shorter posteriorly and the connecting membrane of last spine is attached low down on the first soft ray, forming a deep notch between the spinous and soft-rayed portions of the fin, the soft-rayed portion being higher than the spinous, the longest rays being about 4 to 2 length of head. Pectorals 15; broad and pointed, middle rays longest and about # to 1 in length of head. Ventrals I 2-3; fleshy, $ to? length of head. Anal m1 13-14; spines tuber- culose, sometimes very small; soft portion of fin lower than soft dorsal, membranes deeply incised. Caudal rounded or truncate, middle rays split, about 3? length of head. Scales of lateral line enlarged on arch, which is low.
Colour (of preserved specimens). Apparently there are two types of colour, the one a dark bluish shade, the other yellow or yellowish brown ; 3 or 4 indistinct bars across the body, head and shoulders are covered with numerous small dark spots, which are continued above arched portion of lateral line and below dorsal. The yellow variety, especially, shows many light-coloured spots on body and vertical fins.
Six specimens, ranging in length from 126 mm. to 155 mm., from Mr. Robinson, Natal. Except in regard to colour they closely
108 Annals of the South African Museum.
resemble each other, the chief difference being the disparity in length of the orbital tentacles.
SALARIAS QUADRICORNIS, C. and V.
Salarias quadricornis, Cuv. and Val., xi., p. 329, pl. 329; ? Jenyns, Zool. Beagle, Fishes, p. 87; Giinth., ili, p. 255; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 197; Klunz, Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 489.
Erpichthys quadricornis, Swainson, Fishes, ii., p. 275.
No canine teeth. Depth of body equals length of head and is 42 to 5 times in total length excluding caudal. Distance from eye to point of snout 1 to 12 times diameter of eye, which is 3 to 34 times in length of head ; interorbital space concave and 4 to + diameter of eye; depth of caudal peduncle slightly more than 4 length of head. A short simple tentacle about 4 diameter of eye in length above each orbit, a similar one on each side of nape, and a cluster of cirri on anterior nostril; head blunt, anterior profile nearly vertical; snout blunt and projecting above mouth, upper lip overhangs lower, cleft of mouth lateral, maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior margin of orbits; eyes placed high up and far forward.
Dorsal xii 20; commences above posterior margin of operculum and extends to caudal, being joined to lower fourth of upper ray of caudal by a membrane. Spinous portion not quite so high as the soft, which is about + the depth of the body, and with a notch between spines and rays caused by shortening of posterior spines. Pectorals 14; slightly longer than head, broad, lower rays incised. Ventrals 1 2-3; 2 length of head. Anal 23; lower anteriorly, increasing to about height of spinous dorsal, membranes deeply incised, extremities of rays free. Caudal as long or a little longer than head, rounded, middle ray longest and divided at end. Lateral line distinct anteriorly, becoming very indistinct in posterior third of length. Body naked.
Colour (of preserved specimens), purplish brown, with irregular transverse bars in pairs on body, tips of anal white.
Three specimens, 42 mm., 97 mm., 115 mm. in length respec- tively, from Mr. Robinson, Natal; found in pools on Natal coast.
SALARIAS BARBATUS, Nl. Sp.
No canine teeth. Depth of body 53 to 5? times in total length excluding caudal, length of head about 5} times. Distance from
eye to point of snout 3 to ;%4 diameter of eye, which is about twice the interorbital width and 34 to 4 times in length of head. Depth
The Blennude of South Africa. 109
of caudal peduncle 2 to 24 times in length of head. Superciliary margin slightly swollen with a short fringed tentacle above each orbit ; interorbital space concave; snout almost vertical, with a patch of hairlike filaments or cirri on upper lip and a few smaller ones on the lower; maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior margin of orbits, upper lip overhangs lower.
Dorsal xii 21; commences in line with posterior margin of oper- culum, notched, and is joined to base of caudal by a short membrane. Spines weak and slightly lower than rays; spinous portion slightly higher in centre and separated from soft portion by a deep notch caused by shortening of posterior and especially last spine. Pec- torals 14; slightly longer than head, broad and pointed. Ventrals 12; 2to + length of head. Anal 22; slightly less in height than soft dorsal, membranes incised. Caudal slightly longer than head, rounded, rays divided at extremities. Lateral line very indistinct.
Colour (of preserved specimens), body with a few indefinite trans- verse streaks anteriorly and with black spots posteriorly ; spinous dorsal with black spots arranged in horizontal lines, soft dorsal with black spots in lines passing backwards and upwards.
Two specimens, 60 mm., 62 mm. in length respectively, from Mr. Robinson, Natal; caught in bathing pool at Bluff, Durban.
SALARIAS DUSSUMIERI, C. and V.
Salarias dussuniert, Cuv. and Val., xi., p. 310; Jerdon, M.J.L. and Sc., 1851, p. 144; Ginth., Catal., iii, p. 251; Playfair, Fish. Manze Do. Gls Dleix. 01. 6, 1;
? Salarias striato-maculatus, Kner. and Steind., Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien., 1866, liv., p. 368, f. 4.
No canine teeth. Depth of body equals length of head and is 5 to 54 times in total length excluding caudal. Distance from eye to point of snout equals diameter of eye, which is twice interorbital width and 32 to 44 times in length of head; depth of caudal peduncle nearly 4 length of head. A crest-like flap about 4 diameter of eye in height on head from interorbital space to neck, a many-fringed tentacle above each orbit and one on anterior nostril; head blunt, profile of snout almost vertical; upper lip thick and overhanging lower, maxillary reaches beyond vertical of posterior margin of orbits; eyes prominent, placed high up and far forward.
Dorsal xiii 20-22 ; originates above base of pectorals and reaches to base of caudal, to which it is joined by a membrane, a notch between spinous and soft-rayed portions caused by shortening of
110 Annals of the South African Museum.
posterior spines. The spines are weak and flexible, about subequal to the 5th, from which to the 9th they are slightly longer and about 3 length of head, the last 3 spines successively shorten ; soft portion of fin higher than the spinous, the 1st ray slightly lower than suc- ceeding ones, which are about + length of head. Pectorals 14; rounded, about length of head, lower rays incised. Ventrals 13; about 3 length of head, 3rd ray minute. Anal 25-26; first 2 rays very small, remainder about height of longest dorsal spines, membranes deeply incised. Caudal broad and rounded, inner rays divided at end and the middle ones longest, about length of head.
Colour (of preserved specimens), brown, body crossed by numerous dark lines which here and there become broad and fuse, forming irregular dark bands across the body; spinous dorsal with dark marks forming parallel horizontal lines, a black spot behind top of first spine, margin of soft dorsal spotted, dark line over the fin passing upward and backwards from head, dark spots on upper half of caudal.
Six specimens, ranging in length from 63 mm. to 83 mm., from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
CLINUS, Cuv.
Carnivorous fish living generally amongst the rocks and seaweed on the littoral, and in some cases on rocky banks in deeper water ; generally viviparous; mostly of small size, ranging from 3 or 4 inches to 12 or 14 inches in length. Some species are very abundant in South African waters, and many of them are of excellent flavour and much esteemed for the table.
Body elongate and usually covered with small scales more or less deeply embedded in the skin. Teeth either in a single series or as an outer row with a band or clusters of smaller teeth behind; usually a curved band on vomer. Eyes generally placed high on the head and more or less movable in all directions like a chameleon’s. With or without orbital tentacles. Dorsal fin continuous, extending the whole length of the back and sometimes joined to the caudal; con- sisting of many spines and one or more soft rays. Sometimes the first three spines form a more or less elevated crest, a little removed from but joined to the succeeding spines. Anal fin with two spines and many soft rays. Ventrals with one spine hidden in the skin and two or three soft rays. Colour uniform or in many shades and patterns.
. Anterior crest high—in males falciform, from 2 to +4
The Blennude of South Africa.
Key to South African Species. (a) Wrrn DorsaL Crest.
(1) With orbital tentacles.
5 5 length of head in height; in females more rounded, } to
4 length of head. Orbital tentacles a more or less flat- tened stalk divided, short-fringed, or indented, of dark colour. OD. iii xxx—xxxviii 5-9, A. ii 25-30, V. 1 2
. Crest lower and triangular, about the same in both sexes.
Orbital tentacles a rounded tapering stalk with a long fringe, often branched, and usually of a light colour. D.. ili xxxili-xxxvii 5-7, A. ii 26-29, V. 1 2
. Crest more or less fan-shaped, with slender flexible
spines. Snout obtuse. D. ii xxx—xxxiii 6-8, A. ii 25-28, V. 1 2
Crest lower than last spine of dorsal, separated from remainder of fin by a deep notch, the membrane joined to the base of 4th spine; a shallow transverse depression behind orbits; eyes placed high up and slightly directed upwards. Scales distinct and comparatively large. D. iii ZOOS, FANG a PB Wo 508}
(2) No orbital tentacles.
Crest low; succeeding spines grouped in twos and threes, the membranes connecting groups generally transparent. Caudal peduncle long and slender. D., iii xxiii-xxiv 3-4, A. ii 15-17, V. 13
Crest not much elevated, semi-detached, the connecting membrane attached low down on 4th spine. D. iii XXVvil-xxvit 4—p, AL i Ql=29° Vi 1 3 ..
Dorsal more or less undulating, crest rounded and elevated. Snout short and up-turned. Often with a silvery spot behind pectorals. D. xxviii-xxix 5-6, ANG bt IGEPA VG ie Bior
Crest not much elevated, 3rd spine a little removed from
2nd and still further from 4th. First soft rays remote from last. D. xxxi-xxxv 3, A. ii 20-22, V.13..
(b) No Dorsau Crest. (1) With orbital tentacles.
Dorsal low anteriorly, spines erect and increasing in
height posteriorly ; soft part of fin more elevated than
pe Snout sub-conical. D. xxxi—xxxiii 5-7, A. ii —22, V. 1 2-3
pial
Y
Q
. Superciliosus.
C. superciliosus, var. arborescens.
font
'. ornatus.
C. brevicristatus.
C. mus.
C. lawrentii.
C. fucorum.
C, pavo.
C. acuminatus.
112
10.
Ile
12.
13.
14.
15.
16,
Mi:
18.
ig).
20.
A transverse groove behind orbits, head rounded. Eyes prominent and with a pronounced ridge over them. D. xxxii-xxxiv 4-6, A. ii 21-24, V. 1 2-3
Dorsal with membranes of anterior spines notched, espe- cially between 3rd and 4th spines. A transverse groove behind orbits. Orbital tentacles very pronounced and heavily fringed. Aspect fierce. D. xxxii-xxxv 5-6, A. ii 22-24, V. 1 3
Dorsal low in anterior third, subequal posteriorly; soft rays nearly twice as high as spines. A slight trans- verse groove behind orbits. Posterior nostrils prominent. DP scxxiy 9) eAy 26. Viena
Anterior spines of dorsal erect and strong, further apart individually, especially the 3rd and 4th, the remainder generally subequal. Soft rays more elevated than spines. Lips with perpendicular corrugations. D. xxxii-xxxiv 10-14, A. Gi 27, Vox 3...
Dorsal with 1st spine weak and generally shorter than 2nd; membranes of soft rays transparent. Upper jaw very protractile and its lip developed into a membranous expansion. D. xxxix—xli 2-3, A. ii 24-27, V. 1 2
Dorsal low anteriorly. Barbels on snout and chin. D. xxxix—xli 4-7, A. ii 27-29,:V. 1 2-3
Dorsal with only one soft ray. Spines low anteriorly, eradually increasing to about twice the height of the 1st. Body slender and about uniform in depth for the greater part of its length. D. xliv—-xlvil, A. ii 26-28, V. 12
Dorsal joined to caudal by a membrane forming a deep notch between them: first four spines a little further apart individually. Body elongate. D. xlviii-xlix 3-4, A. ii 33-36, V. 1 3
Similar to preceding, but head more pointed. Snout conical. Longitudinal bands on body. D. xli-xliv 2-3, XS tol Bile Wie eB
(2) No orbital tentacles.
Dorsal with a notch between spinous and _ soft-rayed portions. First 3 spines a little apart from others, Ist and 2nd close together. Head blunt. D. xxix 9-10, A. ii 23-24, V. 1 3
Dorsal with first 3 spines erect, strong, higher than suc- ceeding and slightly further apart individually ; anterior soft rays about 14 times height of adjacent spines. Scales relatively distinct. D. xxxi-xxxiii 5-6, A. ii 21-24, V.13..
Annals of the South African Musewm.
C.
<
C.
C.
cottoides.
. taurus.
. latipinnis.
. robustus.
. venustris.
. capensis,
dorsalis.
anguillaris.
. striatus.
. brachycephalus.
graminis.
The Blenniide of South Africa. 113
21. Dorsal with last soft ray curved and joined to caudal by a broad membrane. A row of pores on each side of lateral line. No scales on body. D. xxxix-xl 3, A. ii 27-28, Wertis C. biporosus.
22. Dorsal spines of uniform height, soft rays a little higher. ID, 22S2 Gy Ne HY PIG oo oe oo poe one bo Gol 60 GG OAdaRehors
CLINUS SUPERCILIOSUS, L. (Klip-fish.)
Clinus swperciliosus, Linn. Syst., 1, p. 442; Cuv. and Val., xi., p. 360, pl. 331; Cast. Mém., p. 51; Giinth., iii, p. 268; Bleeker, Vische v. d. Kaap, pp. 55, 70; Kner, Novara, p. 200.
Blennius capensis, Forst., Descr. An., p. 408.
? Blennius rubescens, Lichtenst., Travels.
Blennius versicolor, Pappe, Synops., p. 19; Bleeker, Vische v. d. Kaap, pp. 59, 70.
Clinus dubius, Cast. Mém., p. 51.
Clinus pantherimus, Cast. Mém., p. 52.
Clinus marmoratus, Cast. Mém., p. 52.
Teeth, an outer row of strong sharp teeth on each jaw, with smaller teeth behind; a curved band on vomer. Depth of body 3 to 42 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 to 41 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 1 to 1} times diameter of eye, which is from slightly under 1 to 1? times interorbital width and 4 to 6 times in length of head; depth of caudal peduncle 2% to 34 times in length of head. Profile of head more or less pointed ; interorbital space flat or slightly convex, generally with a slight longitudinal groove or indent down the middle; eyes situated high on the head; a tentacle over upper posterior angle of each orbit consisting of a fleshy stalk slightly flattened at the end and divided, with two or three filaments on end and sides, the colour generally a dark blackish brown or liver colour; jaws about equal, the lower sometimes slightly longer ; cleft of mouth lateral, maxillary reaches to vertical of middle or posterior margin of orbits. In deep-water specimens the lips appear to be thinner than in those of the littoral, and the mouth more cavernous.
Dorsal ur xxx—xxxvili 5-9; commences about in line with posterior margin of preoperculum and extends to within a short distance of base of caudal. The first 3 spines are separated from the remainder by a membrane whose length is equal to or slightly greater than the distance between the bases of the Ist and 3rd spines; this membrane is attached somewhat low down on the
8
114 Annals of the South African Museum.
4th spine, from a fourth to a half of its length. The length of these first 3 spines seems to have a sexual significance in this species. In the males the 1st spine, which is usually the longest, ranges in length from 3 to + the length of the head, the 2nd is generally slightly shorter, the 3rd about 4 the length of the 2nd, and the 3 spines with their connecting membranes form when erect a triangular crest with a nearly vertical or slightly recurved front. In the females the crest formed by the first 3 spines is lower and more rounded, its height ranging from +4 to 4 the length of the head. The 2nd spine is often equal in height to the Ist, the 3rd slightly shorter, and generally there is a dark oval spot on the membrane connecting the 2nd and 3rd spines which extends on to these spines also. In both sexes the 4th spine is generally the shortest in the fin, the remainder increasing in length, gradually at first, but more rapidly posteriorly, the last spines being from +4 to 4 longer than the 4th. The anterior soft rays are a little higher than adjacent spines, posteriorly they successively decrease, giving a rounded margin to the fin. Pec- torals 15-16; broad, middle rays longest, ,7, to + length of head, membranes of lower rays incised. Ventrals 1 2; the longer ray % to + length of head. Anal m 25-30; rays slightly lower anteriorly, posteriorly about same height as longest rays of dorsal, membranes incised. Caudal 3 to + length of head, either straight- edged with rounded or slightly rounded corners, membranes scal- loped. Body deepest in its anterior third; lateral line arched over pectorals and more distinct on curve than posteriorly.
Colour: The hues are often very brilliant. Usually the ground colour is a reddish, yellowish, or greyish brown, a bronze or yel- lowish green, dark liver colour, &e., profusely marked, spotted, and shaded, the colouring very pleasingly blended; head and opercles with reticulated markings; body with about 6 irregular transverse bands of a dark brown extending on to the dorsal fin. Sometimes head, shoulders, and body are splashed or blotched with irregular patches of pink or red, green or other tints; often the lower half of the body is of much lighter shade than the upper, generally light green or yellow, profusely sprinkled with small spots or specks of darker hue, the line of demarcation between the upper and lower halves of the body being clearly marked longitudinally. In some localities the colouring is more subdued—a uniform reddish brown or dark shade, with darker spots and markings and transverse bands of the same colour; in other instances there are irregular longi- tudinal bands of crimson, or pale red, green, or yellow on the body, dotted with brown, black, grey, or white spots, the dark transverse
The Blennude of South Africa. 115
bands being much lighter in hue where they cross these streaks. Some specimens obtained from Robben Island and from a deep- water bank off L’Agulhas were of a uniform vivid crimson, orange, yellow, &c.; in some the crimson was diversified by a broad irregular band or row of irregular confluent spots of yellow or white with a dark brown border, running longitudinally from the eyes about the level of the lateral line for about ? of the body, widest behind the pectorals and gradually tapering.
The diversity of colouring of this species is very marked.
About 80 specimens examined, ranging in length from 38 mm. to 272 mm.; the largest specimens came from Robben Island and off L’Agulhas Point, others were sent by the late Mr. Scully from Walwich Bay and by Mr. Brooking, East London, or were procured in the Cape Peninsula and at Hoetjes Bay. The species is very common in South African waters, and widely distributed; it is much esteemed for its delicate flavour. It does not appear to be confined to the littoral, but has been taken in varying depths up to 20 fms.
The variations in colour, fins, and shape are very marked, and it may be found necessary to recognise a number of varieties. We have not, however, found any very definite and constant divergence from the normal type except in the case of C. swperciliosus, var. arborescens.
C. SUPERCILIOSUS var. ARBORESCENS, Nn. var.
Teeth, an outer row of strong, slightly recurved teeth, with 2 clusters behind at symphysis on each jaw, the clusters on the upper jaw being greater than on the lower; a short curved band on vomer. Depth of body 3+ to 42 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3% to 41 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 14 to 12 times diameter of eye, which is slightly under 1 to 14 times inter- orbital width and 44 to 6 times in length of head; depth of caudal peduncle 3 to 3% times in length of head. The orbital tentacles pre- sent a slightly different appearance from those of C. superciliosus, and consist of a rounded tapering stalk over each eye fringed at the sides and often with two fringed branches from the main stem; the colour being usually a light yellowish brown. Maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin or middle of orbits.
Dorsal iii xxxiii-xxxvii 5-7; slightly emarginate; the anterior crest differs from that of C. swperciliosus in form, and appears to be the same in both sexes. The first 3 spines are erect and separated from the rest by 1 membranous space rather greater than
116 Annals of the South African Museum.
the distance between the bases of 1st and 3rd spines and about equal to diameter of eye; the Ist spine, which is usually the longest, from 4 to $ the length of the head, the 2nd is of equal height or slightly shorter, the 3rd much shorter, and the membrane connecting the crest with the 4th spine is attached low down on the latter. The 4th spine is shortest, generally a little more than diameter of eye in length, the succeeding spines gradually lengthen posteriorly to about 14 times diameter of eye. Anterior soft rays are longer than adjacent spines, the remainder successively shorten. Pectorals 14-15; broad and pointed, middle rays longest, 2 to nearly + length of head, mem- branes of lower rays incised. Ventrals 12; about # length of head. Anal 11 26-29; anterior rays about same length as last spines of dorsal, posterior rays slightly longer, membranes incised. Caudal generally slightly rounded, usually about # length of head, membranes scalloped.
Colour, generally brown of various shades, marbled or mottled with white, red, &c., numerous white specks on jaws and opercles and 6 or 7 irregular transverse bands of a dark shade on the body and extending on to dorsal fin; pectorals often banded with brown and yellow, ventrals and caudal tipped with yellow. Sometimes a longitudinal band of crimson or other bright hue runs along body from orbits to base of caudal. The colouring is on the whole very similar to that of C. swperciliosus, but the reticulated markings that so frequently appear on the head of the latter are not apparently found on this variety.
Twenty-seven specimens examined, ranging in length from 129 mm. to 224 mm., from False Bay and Kommetje ; one specimen was procured by Pieter Faure (s.) off the Roman Rock, in 13 fms.: It is apparently not so widely distributed as C. swperciliosus, from which it is sometimes not easily distinguished at a casual glance.
CLINUS ORNATUS, ND. sp.
Teeth, an outer row of sharp conical teeth on each jaw, with 2 clusters behind on anterior part of upper jaw and a small band or cluster at symphysis of lower jaw, a chevron-shaped band on vomer. Depth of body 32 to 42 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 to four times. Distance from eye to point of snout # to 1 diameter of eye, which is 12 times to twice interorbital width and 3} to 44 times in length of head; depth of caudal peduncle 3+ to 4 times in length of head. Profile of head rounded, with a bulge at upper anterior angle of orbits; snout blunt; a tentacle above middle of each orbit consisting of a rounded tapering stalk heavily fringed on
The Blenniide of South Africa. 117
end and sides, sometimes also bifurcated at end, fringe often tipped with yellow ; a fringed tentacle at anterior nostril; interorbital space slightly concave or flat with a longitudinal groove; eyes prominent ; cleft of mouth oblique, maxillary reaches to vertical of middle or posterior margin of orbits. Numerous mucous pores on head and shoulders.
Dorsal UI xxx—xxxili 6-8; slightly emarginate, commences just behind vertical of posterior margin of orbits and barely reaches to caudal, only a very short free peduncle being left. Spines slender and flexible, the first 3 removed from the remainder by a membranous space equal to the distance between the bases of the Ist and 3rd; generally, the first 2 are about equal, 4 to + length of head, sometimes the 2nd is the longest or all 3 are subequal, the membranes connecting them to each other are deeply emarginate and they are connected with the base of the 4th by a membrane which forms a deep curved notch: this anterior crest when erected is about as wide at its upper extremity as at its base. The 4th spine is about $ length of the 1st, the next few gradually lengthen slightly and the remainder are usually subequal and about 2 length of 1st, sometimes the spines of the middle of the fin are slightly longer than the rest. Anterior soft rays vary from a little more to a little less the height of the adjacent spine, posterior margin of fin is rounded owing to shortening of last rays. Pectorals 15; broad and pointed, middle rays longest, {> to 7%, length of head. Ventrals 1 2; inner ray 3 to ~ length of head, outer a little shorter. Anal m 25-28; rays about equal in height anteriorly to last spines of dorsal, slightly lengthening posteriorly; membranes incised. Caudal rounded, 3 to # length of head, membranes scalloped. Lateral line scales enlarged anteriorly, descending curve acute.
Colour, usually vivid. A yellowish or greyish brown, with small dark brown spots; 6 irregular transverse bands of dark brown edged with orange and extending on to dorsal fin; orange markings and blotches on head, body, dorsal and anal fins; pectorals trans- parent, with 5 rows of brown spots touched with orange; caudal almost transparent, with 2 transverse bands of orange near the extremity, and spotted with orange and brown; ventrals light green often barred with orange.
Nine specimens, ranging in length from 70 mm. to 161 mm. from False Bay; one specimen, 143 mm. in length, was procured by the ss. Pieler Faure when trawling near the Roman Rock, in 13 fms. The species does not seem to be very common on the littoral.
118 Annals of the South African Musewm.
CLINUS BREVICRISTATUS, 0. sp.
Teeth, villiform, in a band on each jaw and a small chevron- shaped band on vomer. Depth of body 32 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 41 times. Snout 14 times in diameter of eye, which is 34 times in length of head; interorbital width 2} times in diameter of eye; depth of caudal peduncle 3% times in length of head. Head short, a shallow transverse depres- sion behind orbits, snout obtuse ; eyes prominent, placed high up and slightly directed upwards ; interorbital space flat ; jaws about equal, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits; a well- developed tentacle above upper posterior angle of each orbit formed by a broad flat stalk with 9 cirri at the end; a similar tentacle with 3 or 4 cirri at the end at each anterior nostril; mucous pores on head and shoulders.
Dorsal 11 xxxii 5; slightly emarginate, commences above base of ventrals and extends almost to base of caudal; the first 3 spines are separated from the rest of the fin by a deep notch, the membrane being connected to the base only of the 4th spine, approaching in this respect the genus Cristiceps, which, however, we define as having the first dorsal entirely separate. The Ist and 2nd spines are equal and a little less than 4 length of head, the 3rd and 4th spines are about 2 the height of the first two, the next few lengthen gradually to about the middle of the fin, the remainder being about equal in height except the last, which is longer than the first two spines. [In the specimen described there is a deep notch between the 18th and 19th spines, but this may be due to an injury during its earlier stage.| The soft portion of the fin is higher than the spinous, the first soft ray being 1? times height of adjacent spine. Pectorals 13; as long as the head. Ventrals 13; 3 length of head, inner ray minute. Anal 1 23; low anteriorly and rising posteriorly to height of longest ray of soft dorsal; membranes deeply incised. Caudal rounded, middle rays longest and about same length as head, mem- branes incised. Lateral line in a series of enlarged scales on curve. Scales distinct and comparatively large, a scale from middle measured 1:13 by -9 mm.
Colour, about seven irregular dark chocolate-brown bands across body extending to extremities of dorsal and anal fins, between these lines are irregular brick-red bands from the base of the dorsal across the lateral line but not reaching the abdominal margin ; a longitudinal row of irregular white patches below lateral line from pectorals to base of caudal; an irregular white band from inferior margin of eye to border of opercle; a white patch on throat below opercle ; a white
The Blennude of South Africa. 119
patch on base (which is dark brown) of pectorals. Pectoral and caudal fins semi-transparent and of a light greenish-yellow with rows of dark spots along the rays; anal yellowish-green between the dark body bands; soft dorsal semi-transparent about 2 of its extent; ventrals pale greenish-yellow with dark spots ; upper part of head black; a small white spot on base of caudal.
One specimen (female) 79 mm. in length, from Kalk Bay.
CLINUS MUS, N. sp. (Mouse Klipfish.)
Teeth, a row of strong conical teeth on each jaw, with a short inner row on anterior part of jaw; a curved band on vomer. Depth of body 34 to 4 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 5 to 54 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 1 to 1} times diameter of eye, which equals the interorbital width and is 44 to 54 times in length of head. Head small, upper profile almost straight, interorbital space convex; snout short; cleft of mouth oblique, upper lip slightly turned up and lower lip slightly projecting, maxil- lary reaches to vertical of anterior margin of orbits. No orbital tentacles.
Dorsal 11 xxiii-xxiv 3-4; commences in line with posterior margin of preoperculum and does not reach caudal, a long slender peduncle being left whose depth is generally about ? the length of its free portion, which is $ to ? length of head. The first 3 spines are strong and erect and about 4 length of head, the 2nd spine being often a little higher than the other two; they are separated from the remaining spines by a membranous space about equal to the distance between the bases of the Ist and 3rd spines, and the trans- parent membrane joining them to the rest of the fin is attached low down near the base of the 4th spine, giving the appearance of a separate crest with its interspinous membranes incised. In the rest of the fin the membrane between each group of 2 or 3 spines is transparent, the anterior spine in each group being the longest ; the first group, which is composed of the 4th and dth spines, is the lowest ; the spines of the succeeding groups becoming gradually higher until those of the last group are a trifle longer than the spines of the crest. The first soft rays are a little apart from the posterior ones, which are much shorter, and the connecting membrane is trans- parent; the 1st and sometimes the 2nd ray being a little longer than the adjacent spines. Pectorals 10-11; # length of head, the four middle rays longest and with scalloped membranes, the membranes of outer rays incised. Ventrals 1 3; longest ray ? to # length of
120 Annals of the South African Musewm.
head. Anal m 15-17; anterior rays about same height as longest spines of dorsal, increasing posteriorly to 1} times the height; the last two rays however are only half the height of the adjacent ones and are close together. Caudal is from 3 to the same length as head, posterior margin straight, membranes scalloped. Lateral line nearly straight, the upward curve behind pectorals being slight.
The colouring of these little fish is very pleasing, being generally a uniform hue of green of various shades, or crimson, yellowish or greenish-brown, &c.; frequently with a row of dark spots or blotches along the base of the dorsal fin, and sometimes with wavy lines of light yellow along the body from head to caudal peduncle.
Nine specimens examined, ranging in length from 41 mm. to 85 mm., from False Bay (St. James and Kalk Bay); found in rock- pools with weedy bottoms, about low tide mark.
CLINUS LAURENTII, n. sp.
Teeth, a row of small, strong conical teeth on each jaw, with a band behind on anterior portion of lower jaw and two patches behind at symphysis of upper jaw; a small curved row on vomer. Depth of body equals length of head and is 4 to 44 times in total length excluding caudal. Distance from eye to point of snout slightly less than diameter of eye, which is about twice the interorbital width and 34 to 32 times in length of head; depth of caudal peduncle 3} to 4 times in length of head. No orbital tentacles, anterior nostril with a flap; cleft of mouth slightly oblique, jaws about equal, upper lip projecting and slightly turned up, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits.
Dorsal m1 xxvii-xxvili 4-5; emarginate, commences in line with posterior margin of preoperculum. The first 2 spines are about equal in height, ? length of head and closer to each other than to the 3rd, which is about 2 their height and is removed from the succeeding spines by a space equal to the distance between the base of the Ist and 3rd; the low crest thus formed is connected by the interspinous membrane to the base of the 4th spine—this connection is slight but distinct in the two smaller specimens examined, though not so marked in the largest. The 4th spine is the shortest in the fin, about 4 as high as the 1st; the membrane connecting it with the 5th is rather deeply notched, that connecting the 5th and 6th not so deeply ; the 5th spine is as high as the 3rd, and the following spines lengthen gradually to the last, which is about the same height as the 1st. The anterior soft ray is a little higher than the adjacent spine, the succeeding rays decrease in height and are inserted in a slight
The Blenniide of South Africa. 121
bending in of the dorsal profile of the body, the connecting mem- branes are more or less transparent. Pectorals 12; broad and rather pointed, the middle rays longest, # length of head, membranes incised. Ventrals 1 3; 32 to 3 length of head, inner ray small, middle ray longest. Anal 11 21-22 ; anterior rays as high as longest spine of dorsal, rising posteriorly to height of longest dorsal ray ; membranes deeply incised. Caudal slightly rounded, about 2 length of head. Scales cycloid, comparatively large ; lateral line distinct.
Colour (of preserved specimens), body brown, with about eight more or less distinct broad bands across it and continued on to dorsal and anal fins; pectorals and anal banded; a short broad band or patch runs downward and backward from the inferior margin of the eye.
Three specimens, 108 mm., 94 mm., 86 mm. in length respec- tively, from Mr. Robinson, Natal; named after Master Lawrence Robinson, who caught them at Winkle Spruit.
This species closely approaches the genus Cristiceps in the semi- detached condition of the dorsal crest.
CLINUS FUCORUM, N. sp.
Teeth, a single series of closely-set teeth on each jaw; a short curved row on vomer. Depth of body 3} to 4 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4 to 5 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 1 to 1} times interorbital width, and 1 to 1% times diameter of eye, which is 44 to 5 times in length of head. Profile of head descending abruptly from origin of dorsal fin to point of snout with a slight curve above orbits; no orbital tentacles; interorbital space convex. The short snout is a characteristic feature of the species, the upper lip being turned up and projecting slightly, upper jaw a little longer than lower, and when the mouth is closed the cleft is very oblique; maxillary reaches to about the vertical of the anterior margin of the orbits.
Dorsal xxvili-xxix 5-6; commences midway between the posterior margins of the eye and preoperculum, is more or less undulating and does not reach to caudal. The first 4 or 5 spines are more elevated than the succeeding ones and present the appearance of a most characteristic rounded crest, which however is not separated from the rest of the fin by any indentation. The lst spine is usually a little shorter than the 2nd, which is % to + length of head, succeeding spines progressively decrease to about the 6th or 7th and are followed by two or three subequal spines whose height is about ? that of the 2nd spine; generally the next few spines
0
122 Annals of the South African Museum.
successively lengthen and are followed by others that in turn decrease, forming a more or less pronounced curve, the succeeding spines again lengthen, the last few are subequal and about 3 the height of the 2nd spine. There is considerable diversity however in the height and extent of the undulations caused by the successive shortening and lengthening of the spines. The first 2 soft rays are a little higher than the adjacent spine, the succeeding rays rapidly shorten, giving a blunt termination to the fin. Pectorals 12; somewhat oval in shape, centre rays from + to the same length as the head and reach to about in line with origin of anal; membranes of inferior rays incised. Ventrals 13; centre ray about 2 length of head; the rays are connected by membrane for nearly their whole length, their ex- tremities only being free. Anal 1 19-21; posterior rays longest and about # height of 2nd spine of dorsal, membranes incised; the last two or three rays, however, rapidly shorten, giving an almost vertical margin to end of fin. Caudal broad and rounded, about the length of the head; membranes scalloped. The body does not vary much in height for about ? its length, after which it rapidly decreases to the caudal peduncle, which is comparatively long and slender, its length } to 4 greater than its depth, and 4 to 4 the length of the head.
Colour, uniform dark yellow, the tint often most marked on the pectorals and in the region between lower jaw and ventrals ; or yellowish or dark brown, bronze green, &c.; the fins speckled with dark spots and also the body, on the latter the spots assume the form of indefinite vertical bands about 6 in number. A peculiar feature in some of the specimens is the absence of pigment on certain parts of the fins, e.g., two wedge-shaped spaces on the margin of the membranes of the 7th and 8th spines of dorsal, and patches at the posterior extremity of that fin and of the anal, and on the margin and in the centre of the caudal ; the last named is usually about the size of the eye and is traversed by the rays; these patches are trans- parent when the fish is alive, and are in marked contrast to the rest of the body. In other specimens the patches were of a pale yellow colour. The dorsal, anal, and caudal fins are usually tipped slightly with orange, which is often very marked on the posterior margin of the dorsal and anal, where the connecting membrane to the peduncle is often void of colour and transparent; there are also yellowish markings on the superior and inferior margins of the caudal. A most striking mark is a circular patch of white, like burnished silver, just behind the pectoral fins about the level of the lateral line, which can be covered or exposed by a
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movement of the fin; in the females this is often absent alto- gether, or is smaller and more irregular in shape than in the males.
The species appears to frequent the vicinity of seaweed, and its colouring and general appearance render it almost indistinguish- able from the fronds of weed among which it lives; specimens in the aquarium seemed to be rather sluggish in their habits, and spent most of their time reclining on the floor of the tank or on the rockwork, in which position they closely resembled a detached portion of a frond of seaweed, a resemblance that is probably protective. In its peculiarities of colouring, its short upturned lip like a pug-nose, the rounded crest and more or less undulated dorsal fin whose transparent or yellowish markings give the appear- ance of decayed or ragged edges, and the broad caudal on its slender peduncle, the fish has a rather unique appearance.
Eleven specimens examined, ranging from 43 mm. to 206 mm. in length, from weedy rock-pools at St. James and Kalk Bay.
CLINUS PAVO, nN. sp.
Teeth, a row of small sharp teeth in each jaw, with a band of smaller ones behind them on the upper jaw and 2 small clusters at the symphysis of the lower; a small curved band on vomer. Depth of body 32 to 42 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 44 to 4% times. Distance from eye to point of snout rather greater than diameter of eye, which is slightly greater than interorbital width and 32 to 42 times in length of head. No orbital tentacles, a flap on anterior nostril; interorbital space flat with a longitudinal groove. Head long and vertically compressed, mouth small, lower jaw slightly longer than upper, lips protruding and with a flap on chin, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior nostril.
Dorsal xxxi-xxxv 3; slightly emarginate, commences in line with posterior margin of preoperculum but does not reach to caudal, a slender free peduncle about the diameter of the eye in length being left, to which the last soft ray is joined by a transparent membrane. Spines strong and erect, the first 3 higher than the succeeding, forming a low crest about 2? the length of the head in height. The first 2 spines are close together, the 3rd is rather further apart from them and still further from the 4th, from which it is removed by a space about equal to the diameter of the eye, the connecting mem- brane being transparent. The spines following the crest are low anteriorly, gradually increasing until they slightly exceed the Ist
124 Annals of the South African Museum.
spine in height. The first 2 soft rays are slightly higher than the adjacent spines ; the 3rd ray is shorter and removed from them by a space equal to the diameter of the eye, and the membranes connect- ing it with the 2nd ray and with the caudal peduncle are trans- parent. Pectorals 12; about # length of head; membranes of middle rays scalloped, outer ones incised. Ventrals 1 3; longest ray 4 to 2 length of head. Anal 1 20-22; rays anteriorly about equal in height to last spines of dorsal, slightly longer posteriorly ; membranes incised. Caudal from 2 to the same length as the head, slightly rounded, membranes scalloped.
The profile of the body is elevated, especially at the shoulder ; lateral line not very distinct, curved over pectorals.
Colour, a ground of reddish or purple brown, with a row of dark ocellated spots at base of dorsal, and irregular wavy bands of silvery white markings from snout to caudal along the base of the dorsal and above and below lateral line; sometimes dark bands on back passing through the dorsal spines alternated with 6 similar bands from anal across the lateral line. Pectorals, ventrals, and caudal barred with brown and white.
Two specimens, 56 mm. and 88 mm. in length respectively, from weedy rock-pools at St. James and Kalk Bay ; not often to be found.
CLINUS ACUMINATUS, C. and V.
Clinus acwminatus, Cuy. and Val., xi, p. 370; Giinth., iii, p. 269 ; Kner, Novara, p. 302.
Teeth, a band of sharp-pointed, slightly recurved teeth on each jaw; the outer row sometimes enlarged, especially anteriorly, in mature specimens; a small chevron-shaped band on vomer. Depth of body 44 to 54 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 34 to 44 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 1 to 1? times diameter of eye, which is 4 to 6 times in length of head; interorbital width * to 1 diameter of eye; depth of caudal peduncle 3 to 4 times in length of head. A short tentacle above posterior upper angle of each orbit, consisting of a short fleshy stalk or base with 4 or 5 cirri at the end; interorbital space convex. Snout sub- conical; jaws about equal, the lower sometimes slightly longer than upper; maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third or middle of orbits ; mucous pores on head and round posterior margin of orbits ; dorsal profile slightly elevated at shoulder.
Dorsal xxxi-xxxili 5-7 ; commences in line with posterior margin of preoperculum and reaches almost to base of caudal, slightly
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emarginate ; spines erect and moderately strong, usually with extremities free and a short lobe on each; the first 2 or 3 generally about + length of head, the succeeding spines gradually lengthening until the last is about 14 times as high as the Ist. Soft portion of fin higher than spinous, anteriorly the rays are about 4 longer than adjacent spines ; posteriorly they successively shorten, giving a rounded margin to fin. Pectorals 12, rounded, middle rays longest, from 2 to ,7, length of head. Ventrals 1 2-3; from 4 to + length of head, 3rd ray when apparent is very short. Anal 11 21-22; the rays anteriorly are about same height as last spine of dorsal, posteriorly they lengthen slightly ; extremities of rays free, membranes incised. Caudal rounded, about # length of head.
Colour, usually light green, or light greenish or yellowish brown or grey, speckled with minute white spots and with from 4 to 6 irregular dark brown transverse bands on body ; sometimes the ground colour is of a darker shade, often with irregular clusters of white specks along base of dorsal fin; belly of a light shade.
Over 40 specimens examined, ranging from 22 mm. to 102 mm. in length. A shapely, active, rather shy little fish, abundant on the littoral of the Cape Peninsula, frequenting rock-pools and ledges about low tide mark.
CLINUS COTTOIDES, C. and V.
Clinus cottoides, Cuv. and Val., xi, p. 367; Ginth., iii, p. 269; Kner, Novara, p. 202.
Teeth, a row of sharp, slightly curved teeth, with 2 clusters or a band behind the anterior part, on each jaw. Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 34 to 43 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 1 to 14 times diameter of eye, which is 1 to 1? times interorbital width and 3 to 44 times in length of head; depth of caudal peduncle 3 to 4 times in length of head. A tentacle over each orbit, consisting of a fringe of 5 or 6 cirri on a broad peduncle or base; interorbital space with a longi- tudinal depression, with a bold orbital ridge ; a transverse depression behind orbits. Profile of head rounded, snout blunt ; cleft of mouth wide, jaws about equal, maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of orbits ; eyes prominent.
Dorsal xxxii-xxxiv 4-6; slightly emarginate, commences in line with or a little behind posterior margin of preoperculum and reaches almost to base of caudal; spines erect and moderately strong, low
126 Annals of the South African Musewm.
anteriorly. First spine + to + length of head, succeeding 5 or 6 lengthen rapidly, the remaining spines more gradually ; the last spine is generally from 14 times to twice the length of the Ist. The anterior soft rays are a little longer than adjacent spines, the posterior rays successively decrease. Pectorals 13; broad, rounded, and # to + length of head, reaching to in line with origin of anal. Ventrals 1 2-3; from 3 to 5%, length of head, 3rd ray when apparent is very small. Anal mm 21-24; about equal in height to longest spines of dorsal; membranes incised. Caudal slightly rounded, 8 to 2 length of head.
Colour, usually yellowish brown, yellowish or brownish green of various shades, or light green; mottled with brown or yellow and often speckled with grey and white ; a row of dark, irregularly- shaped spots or blotches along the base of the dorsal extending on to the fin; a dark, irregularly shaped spot on operculum.
About 60 specimens examined, ranging from 23 mm. to 120 mm. in length, from False Bay ; common in the weed-grown rock-pools on the foreshore, and apparently quite at ease in sun-heated tidal pools 2 or 3 inches deep. It does not seem to attain any much larger size.
CLINUS TAURUS, 0. sp. (Bull Klip).
Teeth, an outer row of strong close-set pointed teeth on each jaw, with smaller teeth behind in a lunate band, broader on upper jaw; broad chevron-shaped band (about 4 rows) on vomer. Depth of body 34 to 44 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 34 to 44 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 1 to 14 times diameter of eye, which is 34 to 44 times in length of head ; interorbital width 3 to 1 diameter of eye; depth of caudal peduncle 34 to 44 times in length of head. A tentacle above each orbit, consisting of a short broad stalk or peduncle frequently twisted or bifurcated and heavily fringed at the end, often resembling a shaggy eyebrow ; interorbital space flattened or slightly concave, and with a prominent ridge over each orbit; eyes prominent; head broad; profile blunt, rising abruptly from snout to orbits ; snout short and broad ; mouth wide and cavernous, maxillary reaches the vertical of the middle or posterior half of the orbits, jaws equal; many mucous pores on interorbital space, occiput, and shoulders, and a row of irregular clusters down posterior margin of preoperculum.
Dorsal xxxi-xxxv 5-6; commences a little in advance of posterior margin of preoperculum and extends nearly to the root
The Blennude of South Africa. 127
of the caudal; emarginate, especially anteriorly, the notch between 3rd and 4th spines usually deep. Spines erect and strong, especially the first 3; the lst and 2nd are about equal in length and } to 8, length of head; the 4th spine is the shortest, the next 3 or 4 gradually lengthen, the succeeding spines being of uniform height, slightly longer than the 1st; the last is the longest in the fin, but lower than the soft rays; the anterior rays are 1}+ to 14 times the length of the Ist spine; posteriorly the rays shorten, giving a rounded termination to the fin. Pectorals 12, from # to + length of head, broad and pointed, the rays of the lower half longer than those of the upper, membranes incised. Ventrals 13; from 3 to 2 length of head, 3rd ray minute, sometimes only just apparent. Anal 11 22-24; slightly higher posteriorly, the rays having about 4 their length free and membranes deeply incised.
Colour, often very striking and bizarre, especially in the adult specimens, very variable as to the shades and arrangement of the hues. Usually a ground of yellow ochre, reddish brown, dark brown or bronze green, with 3 or 4 dark transverse bands ; body, head, and anterior portion of dorsal often splashed or blotched with large irregular patches of white or red; fins generally tipped with orange or red, and often mottled with brown or green. Sometimes irregular pinkish blotches (which get very vivid when the fish is frightened or angry), covering head and shoulders and showing on upper part of body and on dorsal fin between the transverse bars ; the throat and lower part of cheek and opercles often covered with irregular yellow and black markings.
The fish, which when mature has rather a fierce aspect, possesses in a marked degree the power of changing its colour. It is found on most of the foreshore of the Cape Peninsula where rock, sand and weed intermingle; and in its immature or half-grown stage is often difficult to distinguish from C. cottoides.
About 30 specimens examined, ranging in length from 97 mm. to 185 mm., from False Bay and Kommetje.
CLINUS LATIPINNIS, C. and V.
Clinus latipinnis, Cuv. and Val., xi, p. 394; Ginth., ui, p. 264 (quoted); Cast. Mem., p. 53.
Ophthalmolophus latipinnis, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1860, p. 103.
Teeth, a row of sharp-pointed teeth on each jaw, with a band or cluster of smaller ones behind on anterior portion of jaws; a curved
128 Annals of the South African Museum.
band on yvomer. Depth of body 42 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 5 times. Distance from eye to point of snout equals diameter of eye, which is 42 times in length of head; interorbital width ? diameter of eye; depth of caudal peduncle 3% times in length of head. Profile of head rounded; a slight transverse depression behind orbits, which have their upper margin swollen, interorbital space concave ; a short thick fleshy tentacle at upper posterior angle of each orbit, slightly flattened at the end and branched, and with a broad fringe or row of cirri; posterior nostrils very prominent as open tubes, anterior nostrils with a plain tentacle ; snout blunt; cleft of mouth oblique, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits; mucous pores on interorbital space, round the eyes, and on shoulder and preoperculum.
Dorsal xxxiv 9; commences a little behind posterior margin of preoperculum and reaches almost to caudal ; low anteriorly, the 1st spine about + length of head, the succeeding 8 or 9 lengthening to a little more than 2 length of head and the remainder subequal up to the last 3 or 4, which are slightly longer. Soft portion of fin more elevated than spinous, the anterior rays about 2 longer than adjacent spines. Pectorals 13, broad and rounded, more than + length of head, membranes of lower rays incised. Ventrals 1 3, nearly 2 length of head, 3rd ray minute. Anal mu 26; anteriorly the rays are about equal in length to last spine of dorsal, posteriorly they are about + longer; membranes incised. Caudal nearly # length of head, slightly rounded, membranes scalloped. Tubes of lateral line (66) well marked.
Colour (of preserved specimen), brownish, with minute dark specks on body and faint indistinct transverse bands; pectorals and caudal with brown dots forming transverse bars.
One specimen, 102 mm. in length, caught at St. James (False Bay).
CLINUS ROBUSTUS, D. sp.
Teeth, an outer row of strong conical teeth on each jaw, with an inner band broad at the symphysis on the upper jaw, and a cluster on each side of symphysis of lower jaw, the teeth in the posterior row of each cluster being longer than the others; a broad curved band on vomer. Depth of body 34 to 44 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 to 4 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 13 to 2 times diameter of eye, which is equal to or a little greater than interorbital width and 5 to 7 times in length of head. Depth of caudal peduncle 4 to 5} times in length of head. Head broad and
The Blennide of South Africa. 129
profile somewhat rounded at orbits; a tentacle above each eye, consisting of a short broad peduncle, broadened and flattened and heavily fringed with above 12 cirri at the end, sometimes 2 or 3 cirri at base; generally a flap at anterior nostril; mouth broad and cavernous in adult, with thin lips rather pointed at symphysis of jaw and with perpendicular corrugations on them; jaws about equal, maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior half or posterior margin of the orbits; many mucous pores on head and along posterior margin of preoperculum.
Dorsal xxxii-xxxiv 10-14; slightly emarginate, commences slightly in advance of posterior margin of preoperculum and extends almost to base of caudal; in one specimen examined it was decidedly undulating, but this may have been the result of early distortions ; usually there is not much difference in height. Spines strong and erect, the anterior ones slightly further apart individually, the first 3 are equidistant and removed from the 4th by a space about equal to the diameter of the eye, the connecting membrane forming a rather deeper notch between 3rd and 4th. The 2nd spine is usually a little higher than the 1st, about 8, length of head, succeeding spines are slightly lower anteriorly, gradually lengthening posteriorly to slightly higher than the longest anterior spine. Soft portion of fin more elevated than spinous, longest anterior rays about } higher than last spine ; posterior rays shorten slightly. Pectorals 12; from 3 to + length of head, acutely oval, membranes incised. Ventrals 13; rays strong, and joined by membrane for about half their length ; middle ray longest, about % length of head, 3rd ray short. Anal 1 27; rays about equal in height to last spines of dorsal, membranes deeply incised. Caudal 2 length of head, rounded, membranes scalloped. Scales minute, and extending on to base of pectorals ; lateral line very indistinct or incomplete posteriorly, scales enlarged.
Colour, dark olive-green or bronze-green, dark brown, &c., light underneath, head and body mottled and spotted; 7 or 8 irregular transverse bars on body extending through dorsal ; white patches and sometimes irregular bars of white on dorsal or along base of fin, only slightly extending on to body; white patches on base of pectorals; orange specks on fins, and blotches on upper part of body and head; head of a yellowish tinge on lower part and with numerous small white and brown specks; caudal barred with light and dark greenish brown and tipped with white or dull crimson.
This species appears to possess in a high degree the power of changing its colour—not only the shade, but apparently even the
i)
130 Annals of the South African Musewm.
colour itself. The corrugations on the lips, which are very apparent even in the preserved specimens, are a noticeable peculiarity.
Nine specimens examined, ranging in length from 138 mm. to 280 mm., the largest obtained from Seal Island, False Bay, the others from that neighbourhood or caught off the rocks in Kalk Bay.
CLINUS VENUSTRIS, N. sp.
Teeth, an outer row of fine-pointed teeth on each jaw, with a cluster of smaller teeth behind on each side of symphysis of upper jaw and a cluster or small band at the symphysis of the lower; a narrow chevron-shaped band on vomer. Depth of body 32 to 4+ times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 44 to 4% times. Distance from eye to point of snout 3 to $ diameter of eye, which is 3 to 34 times in length of head; inter- orbital width 4 to # diameter of eye; depth of caudal peduncle 2? to 3} times in length of head. A well-developed tentacle at upper posterior angle of each eye, consisting of a fleshy stalk fringed at end and sides; a tentacle on anterior nostril; inter- orbital space flat; eyes prominent; snout short and subconical; cleft of mouth oblique; jaws equal, the upper very protractile and its lip developed into a membranous expansion, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits; mucous pores on _ head, opercles, below orbits, &e.
Dorsal xxxix-xli 2-3; slightly emarginate, commences in line with posterior margin of preoperculum and reaches to base of caudal, to which it is joined by a transparent membrane. The first 2 spines are close together, the 1st being usually the shortest in the fin and from +} to 2 length of head and } to 7 length of 2nd spine; sometimes the first two spines are equally short and the 3rd is longer. The remaining spines are low anteriorly, gradually rising until the last two are 4 to 4 higher than the longest anterior spine. Anterior soft rays are slightly longer than adjacent spines, connecting membranes transparent. Pectorals 13-14; broad and pointed, middle ray longest, about 5 length of head. Ventrals 1 2; inner ray longer and } to #4 length of head. Anal 1 24-27; rays about equal in height to longest spines of dorsal, slightly higher posteriorly, membranes deeply incised. Caudal 3 to * length of head, slightly rounded, membranes scalloped. In some of the specimens a row of pores was found on each side of arch of lateral line, but in the majority this was not apparent.
Colour, olive green, reddish brown, brown, &c., mottled with
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light and dark spots and patches, or prettily variegated with red, bright-blue, and white and yellow markings on body and vertical fins, especially the anal; sometimes there are bright orange blotches at base of dorsal, or longitudinal irregular brown bands crossed by broad confluent patches of the same shade. The tints are always very pleasingly arranged.
Fifteen specimens, ranging in length from 82 mm. to 110 mm., from Fish Hoek (Kalk Bay).
CLINUS CAPENSIS, Giinth.
Clinus capensis, Giinth., iii, p. 269.
Cirrhibarbis capensis, Cuy. and Val., xi, p. 406, pl. 337; Bleeker, Vische v. d. Kaap, p. 55.
Teeth, a single series of sharp-pointed slightly recurved teeth, with a small cluster behind on each side of symphysis, on either jaw; a small chevron-shaped band on vomer. Depth of body 4% to 6 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 to 5 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 12 to 21 times diameter of eye, which is 44 to 6 times in length of head ; interorbital width $ to # diameter of eye; depth of caudal peduncle 32 to 42 times in length of head. A tentacle at posterior upper angle of each orbit, consisting of a short palmate stalk with from 4 to 12 cirri at the end, a fringed or branched ten- tacle at anterior nostril; interorbital space convex ; cleft of mouth wide, jaws somewhat pointed and the lower projecting slightly beyond the upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin or middle of orbits. Snout long, with superior profile slightly concave, and with a row of 3 plain tentacles or barbels anteriorly; 8 barbels on chin generally disposed in a circular group of 6, but sometimes in 2 rows of 3 each, with 2 barbels a little to the rear and further apart individually; an open pore at the base of each rear barbel and apparently 2 in the group; a row of pores along inferior border of preoperculum and several pores on head and shoulders.
Dorsal xxxix-xli 4-7; commences in line with posterior margin of preoperculum and extends but is scarcely united to base of caudal; low anteriorly, the spines frequently having a tuft of 3 or 4 short pinkish filaments at their free extremity. The 1st spine usually about + length of head, the remainder gradually lengthening, the last spine being from 14 to twice the height of the 1st; soft rays a little longer than adjacent spine.
132 Annals of the South African Museum.
Pectorals 13; oval, $ to * length of head. Ventrals 1 2-3; first two rays about equal, $ length of head, 3rd ray minute and not always apparent. Anal 1m 27-29; slightly lower anteriorly, pos- teriorly about same height as soft rays of dorsal; membranes incised. Caudal about 4 length of head, rounded, membranes scalloped. Lateral line has scales enlarged, but is indistinct posteriorly.
Colour, marbled brown, green or yellow; often with a row of dark blotches below base of dorsal fin and irregular transverse bands or blotches on body, frequently speckled with white or other shades, belly of lighter hue, tips of anal, ventrals and pectorals red. In most specimens a dark spot enclosed in a white or red irregular border or ring is found behind the head at the beginning of the lateral line.
Fourteen specimens, ranging from 55 mm. to 138 mm, in length, from False Bay (St. James and Kalk Bay); found in rock- pools, and caught amongst rock and weed about low tide mark, not very numerous.
CLINUS DORSALIS, Bleek.
Clinus dorsalis. Cast. Mem., p. 54; Bleeker, Vische v. d. Kaap, pp. 54, 72; Ginth., iii, p. 271.
Teeth, an outer row on each jaw, with a small cluster behind on each side of symphysis of lower and a band behind on upper jaw; a chevron-shaped patch on vomer. Depth of body 5 to 64 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4% to 53 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 1 to 1} times diameter of eye, which is 4 to 5 times in length of head ; interorbital width * to 1 diameter of eye; depth of caudal peduncle 2% to 32 times in length of head. A tentacle above each orbit, consisting of a short fleshy stalk with a fringe of 4 or 5 short cirri; interorbital space convex; head narrow and pointed ; lower jaw slightly longer than upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin or anterior third of orbits; a row of pores down posterior margin of preoperculum, and a few on each side of nape.
Dorsal xliy-xlvi 1; slightly emarginate, commences behind the vertical of posterior margin of preoperculum, and barely joined to base of caudal by a membrane. Spines low anteriorly, Ist about + length of head, succeeding spines gradually lengthening, the last 10 or 12 about equal in height and nearly twice as
The Blenniide of South Africa. 133
long as the Ist; soft ray short. Pectorals 12; from 2 to #
length of head. Ventrals 1 2; from 3 to 2 length of head. Anal 1 26-28; about equal in height to posterior spines of dorsal; membranes incised. Body long and slender, of the same depth for the greater part of its length.
Colour, generally a uniform green, yellow, or brown, of various shades, often with streaks or dots of a darker hue. Sometimes variegated by a white streak from snout through interorbital space to origin of dorsal, an oval black patch over opercular opening with dark streaks radiating from the eyes and a row of black spots on body along base of dorsal.
Fifteen specimens, ranging from 28 mm. to 67 mm. in length, from False Bay (St. James and Kalk Bay). Found in rock- pools, and appears to be the smallest in size of the genus.
CLINUS ANGUILLARIS, C. and V. (Slangetje.) Clinus anguillaris, Cuv. and Val., xi, p. 390, pl. 334; Cast. Mem., p. 58; Bleeker, Vische v. d. Kaap, p. 55; Giinth., i, p. 271.
Teeth, an outer row of strong cardlike teeth on each jaw, with a narrow band behind on anterior portion of jaw; a narrow curved band on vomer. Depth of body 54 to 7 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 5} to 6 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 12 to 14 diameter of eye, which is 1 to 1} times interorbital width and 5 to 7 times in length of head ; depth of caudal peduncle 2 to 34 times in length of head. Head slightly depressed and rounded, snout of moderate extent and blunt; a tentacle above each orbit consisting of a short stalk, sometimes bifurcated, palmated and fringed; interorbital space convex; cleft of mouth slightly oblique; jaws about equal, the lower sometimes slightly longer than upper ; maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior half of orbits.
Dorsal xlviii-xlix 3-4; slightly emarginate, commences in line with posterior margin of preoperculum, and reaches to caudal, the connecting membrane forming a curved notch between the fins. Spines short and flexible, the first 4 a little further apart individually than the rest. Anterior spines low, the 1st usually about + length of head, succeeding spines gradually lengthening, the last being from 2 to 3 higher than the Ist; anterior soft rays longer than adjacent spines, slightly decreasing posteriorly. Pectorals 13-14, from } to % length of head. Ventrals 1 3; from 4 to } length of head and enclosed in a membrane nearly to their extremity, the middle ray
134 Amnals of the South African Museum.
longest, other 2 about equal and slightly shorter. Anal m 33-36; rays about uniform in length, a little higher than last spine of dorsal, membranes incised, caudal rounded, 2 to # length of head, membranes scalloped. Scales small and deeply imbedded ; lateral line distinct, rising in a curve above origin of anal. Body elongate.
Colour, generally uniform, of various shades of yellow, brown, yellowish green, red, dull crimson; mottled with darker blotches, spots, and sometimes bars ; often with a row of bright oblong spots below dorsal.
Twenty specimens examined, ranging from 85 mm. to 284 mm. in length, from False Bay. The species, which is the most eel-like of the genus, is fairly plentiful, and is usually found in more or less secluded holes or rock-pools about low tide mark.
CLINUS STRIATUS, Nh. Sp.
Teeth, an outer row of sharp villiform teeth with anteriorly a broad band or cluster behind them, on each jaw; a curved band on vomer. Depth of body 54 to 7 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 5 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 1# to 2 times interorbital width and 14 to 1} times diameter of eye, which is 4 to 5 times in length of head; depth of caudal peduncle 3 to 32 times in length of head. A tentacle over each orbit, consisting of a short fleshy stalk with a short fringe at the end; interorbital space convex ; head pointed, snout conical; cleft of mouth small, lower jaw a shade longer than upper, maxillary reaches to the vertical of the anterior margin of the orbits.
Dorsal xli-xliv 2-3 ; emarginate, commences in line with posterior margin of preoperculum and joined to caudal, the connecting mem- brane forming a deep notch between the two fins. The anterior spines weak and shorter than the rest, the Ynd, 3rd, and 4th are a little further apart individually ; 1st spine about 1 length of head, the succeeding spines gradually lengthening, the last being about twice as high as the lst. Anterior soft rays a little longer than adjacent spines. Pectorals 13; from 4 to % length of head, mem- branes incised. Ventrals 13; inner ray longest, about % length of head, 3rd ray minute, sometimes apparently absent. Anal m 31; rays subequal and about same height as last spine of dorsal; mem- branes slightly incised. Body elongate and somewhat cylindrical ; lateral line strongly marked on the curve.
Colour, reddish brown; the body covered with parallel lines of alternate pinkish brown and white, passing longitudinally from eye
The Blennide of South Africa. 135
to caudal on upper half of body and from behind pectorals to caudal on lower haif ; a white band from dorsal through interorbital space to snout, and a brown band from eyes to snout, extending on to lower lip ; outer margin of dorsal and anal, and extremity of caudal white ; inner half of ventrals white, outer portion reddish brown.
Four specimens from Simons Bay (Selbourne Dock), in length ranging from 122 mm. to 146 mm. The species greatly resembles C. anguillaris, but has fewer dorsal and anal spines and rays, the snout is somewhat different in shape, and the 3rd ventral ray is minute,
CLINUS BRACHYCEPHALUS, C. and V. Clinus brachycephalus, Cuv. and Val., xi, p. 371; Giinth., iii, p. 264. Blenmoclinus brachycephalus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1860, p. 103, vide Jordan and Everman, Bul. U.S. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 2360.
Teeth, a narrow band of sharp-pointed teeth, those in the outer row being larger, on both jaws; a patch on vomer. Depth of body 4} to 5 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4% to 42 times. Distance from eye to point of snout about 14 times interorbital width and 1 to 14 times diameter of eye, which is 32 to 5 times in length of head; depth of caudal peduncle 3 to 31 times in length of head. No orbital tentacles, anterior nostril with a well- developed one divided and fringed at the end; interorbital space con- vex; head short and blunt, slightly depressed on top, the anterior profile well rounded from snout to nape ; mouth small with a lateral cleft, maxillary reaches to the vertical of anterior margin of orbits. Pores on head and shoulders, a row down posterior margin of preoperculum, and a row along each side of arched portion of lateral line from the head to where the curve descends to the median line.
Dorsal xxix 9-10; commences in line with posterior margin of preoperculum and reaches nearly to caudal. The first 3 spines are a little removed from the 4th, to which they are joined by a trans- parent membrane, the space between the 3rd and 4th being about equal to the distance between the bases of the lst and 3rd; the first 2 are close together and 2 to 3 the length of the head ; succeeding spines are a little lower and about equal in height as far as the 26th, the last 3 successively decreasing until only about 4 length of head or + to | the height of adjacent soft ray; a deep notch is thus formed between spinous and soft-rayed portions of the fin. The soft rays are higher than the spines and decrease in length posteriorly. Pectorals 13; nearly as long as head, broad and rounded, membranes
136 Annals of the South African Museum.
of lower rays incised. Ventrals 1 3; the middle ray longest, 4 to 45 length of head, 8rd ray minute. Anal m 23-24; rays about the height of longest spine of dorsal and lengthen slightly posteriorly, membranes incised. Caudal * to + length of head, rounded, mem- branes scalloped.
Colour, mottled orange, red, olive green, brown, &c. Sometimes with a broad band of white from preoperculum along the side to posterior third of body with white spots above and below and at intervals on dorsal. Pectorals, ventrals and anal strikingly marked with brilliant patches and spots of red and with white patches on margin of anal; an ocellated spot above the axil about the size of the eye, green in the centre and red in the periphery.
Two specimens, 51 mm. and 92 mm. in length respectively, from False Bay (St. James and Simons Bay); found in rock-pools.
CLINUS GRAMINIS, N. Sp. (Grass Klipfish.)
Teeth, a row of small pointed teeth on each jaw with a band, broad at the symphysis, of smaller teeth behind them; a curved cluster on vomer. Depth of body 34 to 44 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 44 to 5 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 1 to 14 times diameter of eye, which is about 1 to 14 times interorbital width and 32 to 5 times in length of head; depth of caudal peduncle 3 to 34 times in length of head. No orbital tentacles; interorbital space convex; head and snout pointed ; mouth small, jaws equal, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits.
Dorsal xxxi-xxxili 5-6; slightly emarginate, commences in line with posterior margin of preoperculum and extends almost to base of caudal. First 3 spines erect, strong, and higher than the succeeding ; 1st and 2nd subequal and 4 to 2 length of head; 3rd spine a little further removed from 2nd and 4th, respectively, and the connecting membranes often transparent. The 3rd and 4th spines are lowest, being from 4 to 2 length of Ist; the remainder gradually lengthen to the height of the Ist. First 2 soft rays 14 to 14 times length of adjacent spines, the remainder shorten slightly, the last being joined to caudal peduncle by a transparent membrane. Pectorals 12; from 2 to * length of head, inferior membranes incised, remainder scalloped. Ventrals 1 3; inner ray longest, $ to 3 length of head. Anal 1 21-24; rays about equal in height to longest spine of dorsal, slightly higher posteriorly ; membranes incised. Caudal
The Blennide of South Africa. 137
about 2 length of head, broad and rounded, membranes scalloped. The body is elevated on the dorsal and abdominal profiles; scales relatively distinct, rather oblong in shape and readily discernible to the naked eye.
Colour, bronze or light green, red, reddish or greenish brown, &c., with dark blotches at the base of the dorsal fin; sometimes with dark longitudinal bands on the body, or dark blotches longitudinally displayed, with white specks here and there or a row of white spots.
Eleven specimens, ranging in length from 46 mm. to 132 mm., from False Bay (St. James and Kalk Bay); found in weedy rock- pools, &e.
CLINUS BIPOROSUS, Nn. sp.
Teeth, a row of strong sharp teeth on each jaw, with a row or cluster of smaller teeth behind them on anterior portion of jaw; a curved band on vomer. Depth of body 6 to 64 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 54 to 6 times. Distance from eye to point of snout equals diameter of eye, which is 1? to 2 times interorbital width and 31 to 4 times in length of head; depth of caudal peduncle 3 to 34 times in length of head. No orbital tentacles, but anterior nostril has a plain tentacle or flap; profile of head rounded from nape to snout, a longitudinal ridge from inter- orbital space to upper lip ; lips thick, cleft of mouth slightly oblique, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior nostril or anterior third of orbits; eyes prominent. Mucous pores on head, nape, and pre- orbital, a row round the eyes and along posterior and lower margins of preoperculum, and a row on each side of the lateral line ending in a single pore between last ray of dorsal and anal.
Dorsal xxxix—xl 3; commences in line with posterior margin of preoperculum and reaches to base of caudal. Anterior spines lower and not so strong as remainder; 1st spine about 4 length of head, succeeding spines gradually increase in length, the last being about length of head. First 2 soft rays a little higher than adjacent spines, the 3rd shorter and joined to base of caudal by a membrane whose length is about equal to the distance between the bases of the Ist and 3rd rays. Pectorals 11-12; 4 to # length of head. Ventrals 1 3; about 4 length of head, 3rd ray minute. Anal 27-28; rays subequal and nearly same height as longest spines of dorsal, membranes incised. Caudal 2 length of head, rounded, middle rays longest. Body without scales and in shape very similar to C. angwillaris.
Colour, uniform deep crimson, yellowish brown, «ec.
138 Annals of the South African Museum.
Three specimens, one of 104 mm. in length procured by the ss. Pieter Faure when trawling in False Bay, Seal Island, SE. by EK. 4 E. 24 miles, in 14 fms.; the others, 85 mm. and 117 mm. in length respectively, caught amongst rocks at about low water mark at St. James (False Bay).
CLINUS HETERODON, C. and V. Clinus heterodon, Cuy. and Val., xi, p. 394.
Teeth, in a single series except in the centre, where there are two clusters behind on each jaw; a chevron-shaped line on vomer. Depth of body at pectorals 44 times in the total length. Head short and profile convex. No orbital tentacles.
Dorsal xxx 6; reaches to the base of the caudal; is of uniform height except the soft rays, which are a little higher. Anal ir 21.
Colour, brown, except the belly, which is reddish, and the extremities of the anal rays, which are whitish.
Length 34 inches.
CRISTICEPS.
Body moderately elongate, covered with small or rudimentary scales. Snout short, cleft of mouth of moderate width. Head generally with tentacles ; fine teeth on jaws and vomer. Two dorsal fins entirely separate from each other; the first of three spines, the second of many spines and soft rays. Ventrals jugular, composed of one hidden spine and two or three soft rays. Gill-opening wide. Viviparous.
CRISTICEPS ARGENTATUS, Risso.
Blennius argentatus, Risso, Ichth. Nice, p. 140. 4 audifredi, Risso, Ichth. Nice, p. 139. Clinus argentatus, Risso, Eur. Mérid., ui, p. 238. » testudinarius, Risso, Eur. Mérid., iii, p. 239. virescens, Risso, Kur. Mérid., ili, p. 239. » audifredi, Risso, Kur. Mérid., iii, p. 240. » mutabilis, Cocco, Giorn. Sc. Lett. e Arti Sicil., Avril, 1833, xlu, p. 9, tab. 42, fig. 2. Clinus argentatus, Cuy. and Val., xi., p. 354; Guichen., Explor. Algér. Poiss., p. 74. 1D), tihxexix—xxx 3 —4 Ald 19-33is Vea Ba. The height of the body is contained 6 times in the total length, the length of the head 5} times. The snout is of moderate extent,
The Blennude of South Africa. 139
sub-conical, with the lower jaw somewhat prominent. Palatine teeth none. The width of the interorbital space is less than the diameter of the eye; a small simple tentacle above the orbit. Scales exceed- ingly small. A short detached dorsal fin on the nape of the neck ; the spines by which it is formed are slender and rather longer than those of the remaining fin; the latter not emarginate, united with the base of the caudal. Brown or yellowish, more or less spotted and marbled with darker; generally a series of whitish or yellowish spots along the sides.
Mediterranean. Cape of Good Hope. Coast of Australia.
European and African specimens, with 19 or 20 soft rays in the anal fin.
Australian specimens, with 23 soft rays in the anal fin.
The above description and synonymy are taken from Gunther’s Catalogue of Fishes, vol. iii, p. 273.
CRISTICEPS MENTALIS, h. sp.
Teeth, a row of strong conical detached teeth on each jaw, with a band of smaller ones behind on anterior portion of upper jaw and a small patch at symphysis of lower jaw; a curved band on vomer. Depth of body about equals length of head, which is 4,5, times in total length excluding caudal. Distance from eye to point of snout 12 times diameter of eye, which is 14 times interorbital width and 53 times in length of head. No orbital tentacles; a fairly well- developed tentacle on anterior nostril; profile of head low and descending gradually to point of snout, which is somewhat acute ; lower jaw slightly longer than upper, and the lower lip projects as a triangular flap on chin about # the diameter of the eye in length ; cleft of mouth slightly oblique, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits ; eyes prominent.
Dorsal m1 xxxiii 7; emarginate anterior fin formed of three spines situated on the nape, commencing in line with posterior margin of preoperculum; the distance between the base of the 3rd of these spines and the Ist spine of the 2nd dorsal is about equal to the distance between the bases of the lst and 3rd spine of anterior fin, and the membrane of the 3rd spine does not quite reach the base of the 1st spine of the 2nd dorsal. In the crest so formed the first 2 spines are subequal, about } the length of the head, and with a short filament; the 3rd is shorter, being about + length of head. The 2nd dorsal commences in line with base of pectorals and does not reach to caudal; spines weak, anteriorly about 4 height of
140 Annals of the South African Musewm.
longest spines of crest, lengthening to about height of crest posteriorly. Anterior soft rays about } higher than adjacent spine, the succeeding rays shorten and are joined to caudal peduncle by a membrane. Pectorals 12; broad and oval, middle rays longest and nearly % length of head, reaching to about vertical of the vent; membranes emarginate. Ventrals 13; strong, the rays enclosed in membrane for greater part of their length; middle ray longest and about 4 length of head. Anal m 29; rays lower anteriorly, increas- ing posteriorly to about height of last spine of 2nd dorsal; mem- branes incised. Caudal about % length of head, slightly rounded, and with scalloped membranes; the length of free portion of caudal peduncle is slightly greater than its depth, which is 4 times in length of head. Scales on body and on base of pectorals, head naked. Body somewhat elongate, and tapering posteriorly.
Colour, a light brown mottled with lighter and darker shades ; sometimes with light transverse bars on sides.
A single specimen, 193 mm. in length, from Mr. Brooking, East London, who kindly supplies a note of the colour and says the fish is very common and haunts rocky places on the beach.
The specific name refers to the projecting flap on the chin.
TRIPTERYGIUM.
Body elongate, covered with scales; snout of moderate extent. Jaws with a band of villiform teeth, and teeth on the palate. Three dorsal fins ; the first two composed of spines, the third of soft rays. The second dorsal has the greater number of spines and is higher than the first, but is of less extent and not so high as the third. Ventrals jugular, composed of a hidden spine and two soft rays. Gill-opening wide.
TRIPTERYGIUM CAPENSE, N. sp.
Teeth, the inner and outer rows on the lower jaw and the outer row on the upper are sometimes larger than the others; a curved band on vomer and palatines. Depth of body 34 to 4 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 to 34 times. Distance from eye to point of snout about equals diameter of eye, which is 3 to 34 times in length of head; interorbital width 3 to 2 diameter of eye ; depth of caudal peduncle 3 to 31 times in length of head. A bunch of short filaments above each orbit, and a bunch on anterior nostril; interorbital space concave, with a ridge over each orbit; a transverse depression behind the orbits; head broad, profile rounded ;
The Blenniide of South Africa. 141
lower jaw slightly longer than upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third or middle of orbits.
Dorsal iv, xiv 10-11; the 1st dorsal commences in line with posterior margin of preoperculum, is separated from the 2nd by a space equal to about 4+ diameter of eye, and about the same distance separates the 2nd dorsal from the 3rd; the anterior rays of 3rd dorsal are from 4 to 3 length of head, the fin is not joined to the caudal, and the rays are split. Pectorals 16; pointed, middle rays longest and about the length of the head. Ventrals 1 2; about 2 length of head. Anal 11 22; rays increasing posteriorly to about height of 3rd dorsal. Caudal 3 to + length of head, truncate, rays split. Scales are com- paratively large and with pectinate edges; they cover also the opercles, head, upper part of orbit of eyes, snout, and bases of caudal and pectoral fins. Lateral line interrupted about in line with base of 2nd ray of 3rd dorsal.
Colour, grey with about six irregular brown bands across the body alternating with bands that only extend from the abdominal margin to median line.
Four specimens, obtained by the ss. Pzeter Faure with the shrimp trawl in False Bay: 2 coloured grey, 53 mm. and 54 mm. in length respectively, caught about 24 miles from Seal Island, in 14 fms. ; 2 of a dark red colour, 47 mm. and 56 mm. long, caught in Fish Hoek Bay, in 5 fms.
The following is Mr. Regan’s description of a new species of Blennius, alluded to in note on p. 104.
BLENNIUS PUNCTIFER.
Depth of body 32 to 4 in the length, length of head 4} to 42. Snout obtuse, with nearly vertical anterior profile. Diameter of eye 34 to 4 in the length of head and twice the width of the flat interorbital region. Maxillary extending to below posterior edge of eye; very small canines in the lower jaw. On each side a short fringed nasal tentacle and a similar supra-orbital tentacle; occiput with a median series of simple filaments.
Dorsal xii 14-15, with a very slight notch, commencing above the edge of przoperculum, ending just before the caudal ; spinous part as high as or a little lower than the moderately elevated soft- rayed part. Anal 17-19. Caudal sub-truncate. Pectoral extending to above origin of anal. Back with 6 more or less distinct dark cross-bars ; numerous very small dark spots on head, body, dorsal
142 Annals of the South African Musewn.
fin and base of pectoral fin; series of larger spots on caudal, anal, and distal part of pectoral; a more or less distinct dark spot or ocellus behind the first dorsal spine.
Kosi Bay, Zululand, and Port Natal (Ayres).
Three specimens, measuring up to 100 mm. in total length.
Blennius cristatus, Linn., is described by Cuvier and Valenciennes from the Island of Ascension as having the supra-orbital tentacles very small and simple, the anal fin with 16 rays, and the markings somewhat different.
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( 145 )
3.—Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. By J. F. D. Gintcurist, M.A., D.Sc., Pao.D., and W. WarpnAaw THOMPSON.
Faminy PERCIDA.*
AULACOCEPHALUS TEMMINCKIH, Bleek.
(Yellow-stripe Rock Cod.) DeptH oi body 3 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 24 to 23 times; snout 2! times diameter of eye, which is 6} times in length of head, and equal to or slightly less than interorbital space; lower jaw projecting; maxillary extending to below centre of eye, the width of its distal extremity about diameter of eye. Gill-rakers longer than gill-fringes, 17 or 18 on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal ix 12; originating above base of pectoral; third or fourth spines longest, about 32 in head, shorter than longest soft ray; a deep notch between spinous and soft portions of fin. Pectorals 23 in head ; ventrals shorter. Anal iii 9; second and third spines about equal, hardly half as long as longest soft ray. Caudal truncate. Lateral line strongly curved, approaching the spinous dorsal, forming an angle below the last dorsal ray.
Colour, a broad yellow stripe runs along near the dorsal region of the body, from the upper base of the caudal through the eye to the end of the snout.
Two specimens, one 230 mm. in length presented by Mr. Quekett, of the Durban Museum, the other 250 mm. in length from Mr. Robinson, Natal. They agree with the description of A. temmuinckii, but the rays of the soft dorsal are relatively a little longer, and there is no bifureation of the yellow stripe.
A. temminckit occurs in the Sea of Japan, Siam, and Mauritius.
GRAMMISTES SEXLINEATUS, Thunb. Teeth, in villiform bands on jaws, a small chevron-shaped band on vomer, a band on palatines. Depth of body 24 to 23 times in total
* The older classification of families is retained for present purposes.
10
146 Annals of the South African Museum.
length excluding caudal, length of head 2,°, to 3 times. Snout slightly longer than diameter of eye, which is equal to or a little less than interorbital width and 42 to 5 times in length of head. Profile of head rounded, with a slight depression above orbits; cleft of mouth oblique, lower jaw slightly projects beyond upper and has a small flap or tubercle on chin, maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior margin of eye or slightly beyond it; vertical limb of preoperculum with three or four spinate deuticulations on its border; three opercular spines, the middle one most developed and nearer to upper.
Dorsal vii, 1 13-14; spines weak, 3rd or 2nd and 3rd longest and a little more than } length of head; soft portion of fin higher than spinous and with a rounded margin, longest rays about 4 length of head. Pectorals same length as ventrals and rather more than i length of head. Anal 9; similar to soft dorsal, about the same height as soft dorsal or a little higher, but not so long. Caudal broad and rounded, about , length of head and with a broad
10 peduncle about 4 length of head in breadth. Scales embedded in epidermis; numerous pores the openings of mucous glands all over the body, a specially prominent row (about 63 in all) in the region of the lateral line can be made out in the largest specimen.
Colour (of preserved specimens), blackish brown or chocolate brown, with seven or eight narrow longitudinal white lines ex- tending over head and body. A quantity of mucus is given out over the body by this fish on capture, and some of it remains in white patches on the largest specimens.
Two specimens, from which the above description has been taken: one, 103 mm. in length, from Durban Museum, caught at Jetty Point by Mr. Turner, of the Harbour Board; the other, 107 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal, caught at Durban. Another specimen, 70 mm. in length, also forwarded by Mr. Robinson, was caught in a small rock-pool at Isipingo, near Durban; the colour when the fish was alive is reported to have been black, and the longitudinal stripes yellow and five in number.
G. sexlineatus is found in the Indian and Western Tropical Pacific Oceans, and is recorded for the first time for Natal.
LUTIANUS SALMONOIDES, 0. sp. (Rock Salmon.)
Canines of upper jaw small, those of lower jaw equal the succeeding teeth and less than the most posterior. Depth of body 2, in total
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 147
length excluding caudal, equals length of head; snout a little over twice diameter of eye, which is 5} times in head; dorsal protile from end of snout to nape of neck almost straight ; lower jaw not pro- jecting beyond upper; maxillary reaches to below anterior half of eye; the suprascapula and posterior edge of preoperculum finely serrated, the latter slightly emarginate.
Dorsal x 13 ; fourth spine longest, a little over 2 in head; longest soft ray equals the free portion of the caudal region. Pectorals less than length of head equal distance between posterior edge of oper- culum and first margin of eye, and reach scarcely to the anus. Ventrals do not reach vent by about a fourth of the length. Anal i1 8; third spine longer than the second in the larger specimen, about equal to it in the smaller. Caudal emarginate. Sc. 448%, Lat. line 46.
Colour. This a handsome fish, purplish brown above with reddish belly.
Two specimens, the larger, 317 mm. in length, from the harbour, Natal, where it is found near old wrecks and rocks; the smaller, 162 mm., from East London.
It is most nearly allied to LZ. argentimaculatus.
PRIACANTHUS CRUENTATUS, Lacép.
Depth of body 24 to 23 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 to 3} times; snout about 4 diameter of eye, which is 2 to 24 times in length of head; interorbital width 3 to 31 in length of head; spine at angle of preoperculum rather strong, ser- rated, length } diameter of eye ; 18 gill-rakers on lower portion of anterior arch.
Dorsal x 12; originating above origin of pectorals, spines sub- equal from the 4th or 5th; the last spine 1? to 2 times as long as 2nd, and 2 tot length of head; longest soft rays about + longer than longest spines ; spines strongly spinulose, soft rays feebly so. Pec- torals 4 to 3 length of head; ventrals 4 to 2 length of head, spine strongly spinulose. Anal iii 14; 3rd spine longest, nearly as long as last dorsal spine; spines spinulose, soft rays feebly so. Caudal truncate. Scales ciliated. Sc. 1004,. Lat. 1. 78.
Colour (of preserved specimen), body whitish, dorsal, caudal, and anal fins edged with black.
This fish appears to be the immature form of the above-named species.
Two specimens, 141 mm. and 135 mm. in length respectively, from Durban Museum.
148 Annals of the South African Museum.
PRIACANTHUS ARENATUS, C. and V.
Depth of body 23 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 times. Snout nearly 3 diameter of eye, which is 24 times in length of head (without mandible) ; interorbital width 2 diameter of eye and 4 times in length of head. Spine at angle of preopercle short, and indistinct in larger specimen; preorbital serrated along upper and lower borders; an inconspicuous spine on opercle ; maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits; 23 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal x 14; spines of moderate strength increasing in height to the last, which is 13 to 13 length of 2nd spine and # length of head ; the first four spines more or less spinulose. Longest soft rays not much higher than longest spines ; rays spinulose. Pectorals 3 length of head. Ventrals as long as head, the spine # to 2 length of longest ray and spinulose. Anal iii1l5; 38rd spine longest, 2 to + height of longest spine of dorsal; spines and soft rays spinulose, soft portion of fin about the same height as soft dorsal. Caudal slightly emargi-
Colour (of preserved specimens), pale brownish yellow, slightly reddish above.
Two specimens, one 260 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal, who reports it is a fish caught by the fishing boats off Port Shep- stone ; the other, 121 mm. in length, was procured from Indian fishermen in Durban Harbour.
nate. Scales spinulose 90-96; lat. 1. 78, lat. tr
AMBASSIS NATALENSIS, Nn. sp.
Teeth, villiform on jaws, vomer, palatines, and on tongue. Depth of body 2% to 3 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 to 3# times. Snout equals interorbital width and is 2 to + diameter of eye, which is 2? to 3 times in length of head. Cleft of mouth very oblique, lower jaw longer than upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin of orbits; a spine at posterior upper angle of orbits; vertical and horizontal edges and outer margin of the preoperculum finely serrated; the inner margin has two strong spines at its angle directed backwards; preorbital serrated, inter- opercle not serrated.
Dorsal, vii 1 10-11; spines moderately strong, 2nd spine longest, 3 to $ length of head and about 3 the height of the body below it. Pectorals 2 to $ length of head. Ventrals 3 to } length of head. Anal ur 10-11; 3rd spine longest, about 4 to 3 length of head and % to * height of longest spine of dorsal. Caudal forked. Scales, 2
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 149
rows below sub-orbital ring. Lat. 1. 27-30, continuous and curves to about middle of soft dorsal, where it becomes straight ; lat. tr. 9°
Colour (of preserved specimens), outline of scales on dorsal part of body marked by thin brown lines, front edge of dorsal and tip of anterior rays dark, a black streak along posterior two-thirds of side of body in the middle.
Numerous specimens, ranging in length from 37 mm. to 56 mm., procured by ss. Pieter Faure from Inner Harbour, Durban, where they are said to be very abundant; they also occur in the salt and fresh waters of some of the tidal rivers of Natal.
This species closely resembles 4. commersonii, which, however, has the lower margin of the inner ridge of the preoperculum finely serrated, not with 2 prominent backward directed spines.
APOGON NATALENSIS, N. sp.
Depth of body 22 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 2* times. Snout equals diameter of eye, which is slightly over 11 times in interorbital width and about 4 times in length of head. Snout obtuse; lower jaw slightly longer than upper ; cleft of mouth wide and slightly oblique ; maxillary reaches to posterior fourth of orbits; preoperculum serrated on both edges, angle rounded; shoulder serrated; a flat soft spine on operculum.
Dorsal vii, 1 9; spines moderately strong; 3rd, 4th, and 5th spines of anterior dorsal subequal, about 2 length of head, succeeding ones decreasing in height. Spine of 2nd dorsal strong, nearly 2 length of anterior rays, which are 12 length of longest spine of 1st dorsal and about twice the length of last soft ray, the posterior margin of the soft fin being rounded. Pectorals 2 length of head, reach to vertical of origin of anal. Ventrals rather shorter than pectorals, reach to vent, spine strong % length of longest rays. Anal ii 8; 2nd spine moderately strong, about same Jength as spine of soft dorsal ; fin similar in height and length to soft dorsal. Caudal emarginate, membranes partly covered with scales. Scales ciliated, lat. 1. 37 + 4 on caudal, lat. tr. 54.
Colour (of preserved specimen), brown, with about 17 dark longitudinal stripes, spinous dorsal black, a black spot at base of pectorals.
One specimen, 151 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
KuHLIA THNIURA, C. and V.
Depth of body nearly 3 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head about 34 times. Snout 3 diameter of eye, which is
150 Annals of the South African Museum.
about 3 times in length of head and equals the interorbital width; lower jaw projecting ; maxillary extending to below anterior third of orbits, the width of its distal extremity 2+ in diameter of eye; cheeks and opercles with large ctenoid scales; angle and lower border of preopercle finely denticulated; lower opercular spine strong; 26 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal x 10; originating behind base of pectoral; 5th and 6th spines longest, 7%, length of head, longer than anterior soft rays, Pectorals 3 length of head; ventrals shorter, do not reach to anus. Anal iii 11; about as long as its distance from caudal; 3rd spine a little longer than 2nd, as long as 10th dorsal spine. Caudal deeply forked, middle rays about 4 length of outer. Lat. 1. 50, lat. tr. +8.
Colour, silvery, bluish grey on back, edge of soft dorsal blackish ; caudal with three black bands, one along the middle rays and two pairs converging posteriorly, and black patches at extremity.
One specimen, 93 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal, found in pool on Natal coast: it differs slightly from Boulenger’s description of A. teniura, the ventrals appear to be shorter, and the 10th dorsal spine is not longer than the 9th.
THERAPON JARBUA, Forsk. (Tiger-fish. )
Depth of body about 3 times in total length excluding caudal, iength of head 32 times. Snout about equals the interorbital width, and is from 1! to 1} times in diameter of eye, which is 3} to 4 times in length of head; maxillary reaches to below anterior third of orbits; preorbital serrated on hinder two-thirds of its lower edge ; preoperculum finely serrated, the serre increasing in size at the angle, which is rounded and has two strong serre ; upper spine of operculum small, lower large and strong and about 2 diameter of eye in length; shoulder bone and bone in maxilla serrated, sub- and inter-opercle more finely so. Teeth villiform, with an enlarged outer row.
Dorsal xi-xii 10; notched; spines moderately strong; 4th or 5th longest, about {7 length of head; last spine nearly 14 times length of preceding one and about 2 length of adjacent soft ray. Pectorals short, from $ to # length of head; ventrals + length of head. Anal iii 8; 2nd spine strongest, about equal in length to the third, and about 4 the length of the longest dorsal spine. Caudal forked.
Colour, three longitudinal irregularly curved dark bands on each side of body—the upper, from about middle of soft dorsal to nape of
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 151
neck, meeting a similar band on the other side; the second, from end of soft dorsal curving through lateral line to the occiput, each extremity uniting with the corresponding line on the other side ; the lowest from extremity of middle rays of caudal curving below median line of body to the back of the head, where it joins the line from the other side. Caudal with two oblique bands on each lobe ; a black blotch on dorsal from 4th to 7th spines, and from 9th to 12th; first 3 soft rays of dorsal with their upper half coloured black.
Two specimens; one, 130 mm. in length, from Durban Museum, the other, 132 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
PRISTIPOMA * BENNETTII, Lowe. (Rock Grunter, Black Chor-chor.)
Depth of body is about equal to length of head, and from 3 to 34 times in total length excluding caudal. Snout about 11 times dia- meter of eye in the specimen 194 mm. long, and about equal to the diameter of the eye in the smaller specimens ; diameter of eye about + the length of the head, and about equal to the interorbital width ; cleft of mouth moderate, maxillary not reaching to vertical of anterior margin of orbits; preoperculum with posterior margin slightly emarginate, and with rather coarser denticulations at the angle, which is rounded.
Dorsal xii 16-17 ; notched, spines of moderate strength ; 4th spine longest, 24 times in length of head. Pectorals 34 to 32 times in length of body without caudal. Anal ili 12; 2nd spine stronger, about same length as 3rd, and rather shorter than highest dorsal spine. Caudal slightly forked. Lat. 1. 51-55, lat. tr. 52
Described from three specimens, 194 mm., 145 mm., 93 mm. in length respectively. The largest was sent by Mr. Robinson, Natal, who describes it as of a silvery colour with a yellowish tinge, belly white, dorsal slightly yellowish as also pectorals and anal, caudal greyish with dark tinge, a yellow-blackish opercular spot, a black streak across front part of eye, eyes black. Very plentiful on Natal coast and in Durban Bay. The smaller specimens were procured by the ss. Pieter Faure, one by shrimp trawl on January 21, 1901, South Head of Tugela River, W. by N. 44 miles, 24 fms. mud; the other on January 16, 1901, off South Head of Tugela River, 12-14 fms. mud.
*The Pristipoma of Cuvier, 1829, is the Pomadasis of Lacépede, 1803; it is tem- porarily retained for local convenience of reference.
152 Annals of the South African Museum.
This fish is common on the South coast of Africa, and many specimens were procured by the ss. Pieter Faure in trawling.
It seems to us to be the same fish as P. olivacewm, Day ; and, if so, this indicates a very wide distribution, as it is also recorded from the Canary Islands, the coast of Algiers, and St. Vincent.
PRISTIPOMA HASTA, Bl.
Depth of body 22 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head about 3 times. Snout about 14 times diameter of eye, which is 44 times in length of head and a little less than the interorbital width ; jaws equal, maxillary reaches to a little beyond vertical of anterior margin of eye; posterior margin of preoperculum serrate and emarginate, angle rounded and with coarser denticulations ; shoulder bone serrate.
Dorsal xii 15; originating above base of pectorals; 3rd and 4th spines longest, about 2 to $ length of head, last spine nearly 14 times as long as the 11th; spinous portion of fin higher than soft, and with a deep notch between. Pectorals elongate, asymmetrical, + length of head; ventrals about the same length, reaching to vent, first ray about 4+ longer than the strong spine. Anal iii 8; 2nd spine very strong, longer than the 3rd, equal in length to longest dorsal spine. Caudal slightly crescentic. Lat. 1. 53, lat. tr. =.
Colour, sides with five or six vertical bands of dark spots; a dark spot on opercle, dark spots in rows on membranes of spinous dorsal, and two dark rows on soft dorsal.
Two specimens, one 161 mm, in length, from Durban Museum, the other 178 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
PRISTIPOMA OPERCULARE, Playfair.
Depth of body about equals length of head, and is 3 times in total length excluding caudal. Snout pointed and from 14 to 13 times diameter of eye, which is 44 to 4% times in length of head and a little less than interorbital width; preoperculum with posterior margin serrate and slightly emarginate, with slightly coarser den- ticulations at the rounded angle; cleft of mouth moderate, maxillary reaching to about vertical of anterior nostril.
Dorsal xi 14; notched, spines of moderate strength; 4th spine highest, from 3 to 3 length of head. Pectorals about length of head. Anal ili 9; 2nd spine strongest and longest, equal in length to 3rd dorsal spine. Caudal emarginate. Lat. 1. 57-59, lat. tr. 5%.
Colour, a dark blotch at upper posterior corner of opercle ; middle
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 153
and upper half of the body with numerous dark spots in undulat- ing longitudinal rows; black spots on spinous dorsal; dorsal and caudal dark-edged.
Three specimens 138 mm., 155 mm., 180 mm. in length respec- tively, procured from Indian fishermen at Durban, caught by seine net.
PRISTIPOMA STRIATUM, Nn. sp.
Depth of body 2% in total length excluding caudal, length of head nearly 31 times. Snout 14 times in diameter of eye, which is nearly 4 times in length of head, and about + less than the inter- orbital width. Cleft of mouth small, maxillary reaching to vertical of posterior nostril. Preoperculum with posterior border serrate, with denticulations at the angle, which is rounded.
Dorsal xii 14; notched, spines of moderate strength, 4th longest 2% times in length of head; spinous portion of fin higher than soft. Anal iii 7; 2nd spine strongest and longest, about equal to 4th dorsal spine in length. Pectoral 1} times in length of head; ventrals 1+ times. Caudal (damaged in specimen) lat. 1. 52, lat. tr. 42.
Colour, silvery, with three dark longitudinal lines on each side— the upper following the curve of the dorsal, extending from about the end of the soft dorsal to the middle of interorbital space, where it joins the corresponding line on the other side; the middle, com- mencing on upper border of orbits and following curve of lateral line to below middle of the soft dorsal, where it joins the third line, which extends along the centre of the body from base of caudal through eye to snout.
One specimen, 158 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal, who states it is a rock fish found along with the ‘‘ Karanteen.”
PRISTIPOMA TH#NIOPHORUS, Regan.
Depth of body about 22 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head about 31 times. Snout slightly longer than diameter of eye, which is about 32 times in length of head and equals the interorbital width; cleft of mouth small, maxillary scarcely reaching to anterior margin of eye; preoperculum with posterior border serrate and emarginate, with coarser denticulations at rounded angle.
Dorsal xii 15-16; originating above base of pectoral, notched ; spines strong; 4th spine longest, from } to 3 length of head. Anal iu 7; 2nd spine very strong and longer than the longest dorsal spine ;
154 Annals of the South African Museum.
from 2 to 2 length of head. Pectorals as long as or a little longer than head. Ventrals + length of head ; the 1st ray slightly filamen- tous, and about 11 times the length of the strong spine. Caudal slightly forked. Lat. 1. 50-51, lat. tr. 73.
Colour, at least five longitudinal dark bands on body, three above the median line bifurcating anteriorly, the one on the median line bifurcating at base of caudal.
Two specimens, 165 mm. and 143 mm. in length respectively,
from Mr. Robinson, Natal ; taken among rocks near the seashore.
PRISTIPOMA MULTIMACULATUM, Playfair.
Depth of body 2* times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 times. Snout 1,4, times diameter of eye, which is 1+ times in interorbital width and 4+ times in length of head. Cleft of mouth small, jaws equal, maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior nostril ; a few scales on preorbital; vertical border of preoperculum emargin- ate and serrated, more coarsely so at the angle, which has five spines ; a deep groove under symphysis of lower jaw.
Dorsal xi, 1 13; spines strong, 3rd and 4th longest and about 4 length of head, the succeeding spines decrease in length to the 11th, forming a notch between spinous and soft-rayed portions of fin; soft rays not as high as the longest spines. Pectorals ,°, length of head, pointed and elongate. Ventrals j%; length of head. Anal ili 7; the 2nd spine very strong, much longer than 3rd and slightly lower than longest spines of dorsal. Caudal emarginate, almost truncate, 2 length of head. Scales on body and head ciliated, those on lower part of body minutely punctulated with brown. Lat. 1. 47, lat. tr. ¢£. Dorsal profile elevated, greatest height above base of pectorals.
Colour (of preserved specimen), head and upper part of body covered with irregular dark brown spots, and two irregular rows on spinous and soft dorsals.
One specimen, 230 mm. in length, from Durban.
DIAGRAMMA CRASSISPINUM, Riipp.
Depth of body slightly over 4 total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 times. Snout about 11 times diameter of eye, which is 32 to 41 in length of head and slightly less than interorbital width ; posterior margin of preoperculum serrated, with about 4 slightly coarser serre at the angle, which is rounded; maxillary reaches to below anterior border of eye.
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 155
Dorsal xiv 16; spines strong, alternately thicker on each side; the 4th spine longest, about % to 2 length of head. Pectorals 3 length of head, ventrals about 3. Anal iii 7; 2nd spine very strong, longer than 3rd; equal in length to longest dorsal spine. Caudal truncate. Lat. 1. 53, lat. tr. 49.
Colour. The larger specimen is dark brown with about six black lines passing obliquely across body ; the smaller is light grey.
Two specimens, 102 mm. and 183 mm. in length respectively, the former from Durban Museum, the latter from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
DIAGRAMMA DURBANENSE, N. sp. (Red-gills.)
Depth of body 24 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3? times. Snout nearly twice diameter of eye, which is 1% times in interorbital width and 5 times in length of head; preoper- culum with posterior margin finely serrated; head entirely covered with scales, snout in front of nostrils not scaly; a transverse depres- sion on snout midway between its point and the orbits; cleft of mouth oblique, lips thick, and the upper extending a little beyond the lower, maxillary reaching to vertical of posterior nostril.
Dorsal xii 20; originating above base of pectoral; spines strong, 4th, 5th, and 6th longest and subequal, nearly 2 length of head; soft portion of fin lower than spinous. Pectorals * length of head ; ventrals slightly longer than pectorals, do not reach to anus by a space about equal to 4 their length. Anal iii 8; 2nd spine strongest and slightly longer than 3rd, about equal in length to longest dorsal spines. Caudal crescentic. Scales ciliated (large on body with clusters of very small ones between each large scale) ; Lat. 1, 52, Lat. tr. 42.
Colour, greyish brown shading to light grey below; caudal black- edged shading to grey at base; dorsal dark with black; anal dark grey; ventrals light grey with dark; pectorals light tinged with black; a dark mark at upper side of back; black on top of head ; fringe of opercle scarlet opposite pectoral fin, then light crimson ; inside of mouth and tongue bright.
One specimen, 364 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal, to whom we are indebted for the above description of the colouring.
DENTEX MILES, 0. sp. (Soldier.)
Teeth, canines moderately strong, 4 on the upper, 6 on the lower jaw. Depth of body 22? times in total length excluding caudal,
156 Annals of the South African Musewm.
length of head 3% times. Snout 14 times diameter of eye, which equals interorbital width and is 3+ times in length of head. Least depth of preorbital slightly less than diameter of eye; jaws equal in front, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin of orbits; preopercle entire; 7 series of scales between preorbital and margin of preoperculum, no scales on sub-orbital. Dorsal profile from snout to first dorsal slightly convex.
Dorsal xii 10; originating above base of pectorals, 3rd spine longest slender and 2 length of head, succeeding spines decrease in height to the last, which is 2 the length of 3rd spine ; soft rays slightly higher than adjacent spines, the last ray slightly elongated. Pectorals 1,1, times length of head, reaching to in line with 2nd spine of anal. Ventrals 3 length of head, first ray a little prolonged and reaching nearly to vent. Anal iii 8; spines moderately strong, 2nd and 3rd about equal and same height as posterior spines of dorsal; soft rays nearly half height of 3rd spine of dorsal and decreasing a little in height posteriorly except the last ray, which is slightly elongated. Caudal about 2 length of head, deeply forked. Scales on upper surface of head come to a point between the eyes in a line with vertical of anterior margin. Lat. |. 58, lat. tr. 4.
Colour (of preserved specimen), reddish above, silvery below, a dark shade across nape, longitudinal dark red lines on upper two- thirds of body.
One specimen, 205 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
The fish closely resembles D. filosws, Val., but the nape has no prominent convexity, there are 6 canines in the lower jaw, and scales extend forward between eyes to the vertical of their anterior margin.
DENTEX NATALENSIS, N. sp. (Blueskin.)
Canine teeth moderately strong. Depth of body 23 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3} times. Snout slightly longer than interorbital width and about 14 times diameter of eye, which is 4 times in length of head. Least depth of preorbital ? to $ diameter of eye ; preoperculum with vertical margin slightly emargi- nate ; operculum with one spine; scales on interorbital space, and 7 or 8 series of scales on the cheek between sub-orbital region and preopercular border ; lower jaw slightly projects, maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior nostril or anterior margin of eye ; profile of head from origin of dorsal to point of snout slightly convex.
Dorsal xii 10-11; originates above base of pectorals, spines
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 157
moderately strong, 4th spine longest and about * length of head, 12th spine about 4 the length of 4th and not quite as high as soft rays. Pectorals 1? times length of head, reaching to in line with 2nd spine of anal. Ventrals * length of head, reach to vent. Anal il 8-9; spines moderately strong, the 1st about * height of 2nd, which is the longest, being nearly the height of the soft rays and 8 the height of longest spine of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, nearly as long as pectorals. Scales feebly denticulated; lat. 1.
54-58, lat. tr. (os.
Colour (of preserved specimens), grey, darker above; head with a reddish tinge; dorsal, anal, and ventrals blackish. Longitudinal rows of small black spots on body ; these rows are, above the lateral line, more or less oblique anteriorly and longitudinal posteriorly, below the lateral line in 3 rows, and also about 8 rows of yellow lines occurring ventrally.
Colour, when alive, a bluish pink.
Two specimens, 288 mm., 290 mm. in length respectively, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
They differ from D. argyrozona, Cuv. and Val., and D. lineo- punctatus, Blgr., in the shorter head, greater length of fins, and smaller eye.
DENTEX PRZORBITALIS, Giinth. (Scotchman.)
Canines fairly strong. Depth of body 22 to 2+ times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 to 3} times. Snout about 21 times diameter of eye, which is slightly greater than the inter- orbital width and 42 to 42 times in length of head. Nape of neck gibbose; maxillary reaches to about vertical of anterior margin of eye; preorbital quadrangular, higher than wide, scaleless and about 13 times diameter of eye in height; 11 series of scales between the preorbital and the margin of the preoperculum ; scales on inter- orbital space; preoperculum covered with scales.
Dorsal xii 10; spines moderately strong, 4th spine longest and about 2 length of head. VPectorals nearly as long as the head and reach to origin of anal. Ventrals about 2 length of head, do not reach to vent. Anal ii 8; 2nd spine strongest and about same length as or longer than 3rd. Caudal forked, about # length of head. Seales above the lateral line much smaller than those below; lat. 1. 60, lat. tr. -5.
Colour (of preserved specimens), numerous small dark dots above
158 Annals of the South African Museum.
lateral line; 3 dark lines, one on upper border, one across the middle, and one on the lower border of the eye.
Two specimens, 245 mm. and 260 mm. in length respectively, from Mr. Robinson, Natal; the fish is caught by deep-sea boats on the Natal coast.
The specimens agree closely with Giinther’s D. preorbitalis, allowing for difference in size of fish.
GERRES LONGIROSTRIS, Giinth.
Depth of body 2 to 2+ times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 to 3} times. Snout equals diameter of eye, which is 1} to 14 times in interorbital width and 3 to 33 times in length of head. Snout produced slightly, flattened between nostrils; cleft of mouth lateral, upper lip very protractile, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits ; preopercle entire.
Dorsal ix 10; spines flexible, 2nd longest, about # length of head and slightly arched ; spinous portion higher than the soft, last dorsal spine shorter than first soft rays. Pectorals 14 to about 11 length of head, reach to anal. Ventrals about 2 length of head. Anal iii 7; spines moderately strong, 3rd longest or about same length as 2nd and $ length of longest dorsal spine ; anterior rays slightly shorter, the last two-thirds of the fin being subequal and about 3 the length. Caudal forked, covered with scales. Scales cycloid, comparatively large ; lat. 1. 46, lat. tr. ,%.
Colour of fresh specimen silvery, with about 9 dark longitudinal stripes, ventral and anal bright yellow.
This fish does not differ much from G. longirostris, Ginth., recorded from the Cape of Good Hope.
Three specimens, 165 mm., 163 mm., and 128 mm. in length respectively, the first from Mr. Robinson, Natal, the other two from fishermen at Durban Harbour.
Two species of Gerres from Natal apparently differ from these specimens in length of body, &c., but are too imperfect for identification.
DINOPERCA QUEKETTI, Blgr. (Black-fish. )
Depth of body 22 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 times. Snout equal to interorbital width and slightly less than diameter of eye, which is 3 to 3+ times in length of head. Preoperculum serrated, serre coarser at the angle, which is rounded and very slightly produced; 2 minute spines on operculum;
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 159
maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of orbits, the width of its distal extremity being a little more than 4 diameter of eye; lower jaw projects; nasal orifices wide and close together; gill-rakers about as long as the gill-fringes, 27 on lower part of anterior arch ; head entirely covered with scales, maxillary partly covered.
Dorsal xi 17-18; originating slightly behind base of pectorals ; 3rd, 4th, and 5th spines longest, ;°, length of head; soft portion of fin higher than spinous and densely scaled, the anterior rays are about 2 length of head, the remainder progressively decreasing, the posterior margin of the fin being vertical. Pectorals about + length of head, reaching nearly to origin of anal; ventrals about the same length. Anal iii 11; opposed to soft dorsal and of similar shape ; spines moderately strong, 2nd longest, } length of anterior soft rays. Caudal slightly emarginate, covered with scales ; caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. Scales ciliated; sc. 84, lateral line indistinct, lat. tr. 33.
Colour (of preserved specimens), the larger specimen dark brown with irregular longitudinal rows of white spots on body and caudal peduncle; the smaller specimen is of a lighter shade, especially on the lower part of the body, and has about 4 oblique transverse bands on the body in addition to the rows of spots.
Two specimens, 199 mm. and 130 mm. in length respectively, from Mr. Robinson, Natal, who states that the fish frequents rocks, grows to a weight of 4 to 5 lbs. or more, and is plentiful in the season.
It differs in some details from D. queketti, Blgr., but is apparently the same species.
Famiry SQUAMIPINNES.
CH#TODON SETIFER, Bloch.
Depth of body a little over 1% times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 times. Snout 1,°, times diameter of eye, which is 34 times in length of head and slightly less than interorbital width. Snout pointed and produced, mouth very small, preopercle entire.
Dorsal xiii 23 ; 5th and 6th rays produced into a short filament ; soft portion of fin angular. Pectorals the same length as ventrals, a little over 2 length of head. Anal ili 20; 3rd spine longest, over 4 length of head; soft portion of fin angular. Caudal slightly
160 Annals of the South African Museum.
rounded. Lateral line high and convex, indistinct on caudal peduncle. Lat. tr. 4.
Colour, dark bands passing upwards and backwards on anterior half of the body ; a dark band, narrow on the upper length, passing from crown of head through orbits and across interopercle, wider below eyes; a black ocellus near upper edge of soft dorsal between 7th and 12th rays; edge of soft dorsal and of posterior anal rays tipped with black; caudal with 2 vertical lines enclosing a semi- lunar space.
Two specimens, 119 mm. and 115 mm. in length respectively, from Durban Museum.
This fish is found from the Red Sea, through the Indian seas, to Polynesia (Day).
HENIOCHUS MACROLEPIDOTUS, L.
Depth of body 13 to 12 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3} to 34 times. Snout about 12 times diameter of eye, which equals interorbital width and is about 3! times in length of head. Anterior profile abruptly elevated, shghtly convex between origin of dorsal and nape and concave from thence to point of snout, with a slight protuberance above the eyes ; interorbital space convex ; snout produced, jaws equal, lips thick, cleft of mouth small, maxillary reaches to vertical of midway between point of snout and anterior margin of orbits; preoperculum very finely serrated, more coarsely so at its angle, which is very slightly produced ; operculum with two flat inconspicuous points.
Dorsal xi 27; spines strong, the 4th spine with a filamentous prolongation reaching to end of caudal fin or beyond it; 5th spine also somewhat elongated and equals or slightly exceeds length of head, 6th spine about # length of head, remaining spines become eradually shorter. Soft portion of fin rounded, centre rays longest and about the same height as 6th spine. Pectorals slightly shorter than head. Ventrals 14 to 12 times length of head and reaching to in line with 2nd spine of anal. Anal iii 18; spines strong, the 2nd is strongest and about equal in length to the 3rd, which is about the same height as 6th spine of dorsal; soft portion of fin pointed, middle rays longest and about the length of the head. Caudal almost straight on its posterior edge and about + length of head. Seales ciliated, 5 rows between lateral line and base of 8th or 9th spine of dorsal. Lat. 1. 52.
Colour (of preserved specimens), brown ; a dark patch over snout, another between the eyes; a broad dark band extending from base
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 161
of first three spines of dorsal in a slight curve downwards, including posterior two-thirds of operculum and base of pectorals, and across abdomen from origin of ventrals to anal, including ventrals ; a broad dark band curves downwards and backwards from summit of 5th to 7th spines of dorsal to anal, including posterior third of that fin; anal spines dark, anterior two-thirds of fin with a dark edge.
Two specimens, 111 mm. and 114 mm. in length respectively, from Durban Museum.
HOLACANTHUS RHOMBOIDES, 0. sp.
Depth of body 12 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4 times. Snout slightly less than interorbital width and 13 times diameter of eye, which is 3+ times in length of head ; preoperculum with posterior border finely serrated, and with a large grooved spine, 4 the diameter of the eye in length, at the angle; nape slightly compressed and gibbose; a bulge at upper anterior angle of orbits, and a deep indentation from each nostril to orbit ; a small spine on each side of snout above upper lip, the lip being very protractile and thick in the centre; lower jaw longer, chin pro- minent; cleft of mouth small, and oblique when closed.
Dorsal xii 23; spines short, embedded in a groove, increasing in length to last spine; anterior soft rays about 4 times the height of the last, the margin of the fin vertical with a rounded angle. Pectorals a little longer than head; ventrals slightly shorter, with the first ray filamentous and about twice the length of the spine, which is strong. Anal iii 22; spines short and deeply embedded ; soft portion of fin about equal to soft dorsal, with a similar vertical margin and rounded angle. Margin of caudal straight.
Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform dark brown.
Described from one specimen, 234 mm. in length, received from Mr. Robinson, Natal, who states it is a deep-sea fish, and very rare.
A smaller specimen, 114 mm. in length, caught off the breakwater at Port Natal, was also received from Mr. Robinson. It agrees very closely with the above, allowing for the difference in size, and seems to be the immature form of this species. The colour, however, differs considerably, being a dark greenish brown with bright blue crescentic stripes across the body passing, respectively, through the angle of the mouth, anterior and posterior margins of eye, middle of operculum, second third of body, and caudal peduncle ; between the
last two there is a faint irregular line. ilu
162 Annals of the South African Musewm.
DREPANE PUNCTATA, L.
Depth of body 12 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 times. Snout twice as long as diameter of eye, which is less than interorbital width and about 4 times in length of head. Profile almost straight from origin of dorsal to apex of a projecting portion between eyes, in front of which is a deep concavity, from which to end of snout almost straight ; snout very protractile ; cleft of mouth oblique, upper lip thick; preorbital high, about 12 diameter of eye ; preoperculum with minute serrations on lower limb and angle; a group of 8 barbels behind symphysis of lower jaw arranged in 3 rows, 4 in first row, 2 in second, and 2 behind.
Dorsal ix 22; spines strong and curved backwards, lst very minute, 4th longest, 2 length of head; soft portion of fin much higher than spinous, longest rays being nearly 12 length of longest spine; the first soft ray not divided. Pectorals long and falciform, the 6th and 7th rays longest, slightly over twice the length of head and reaching almost to base of caudal. Ventrals over + length of head, anterior rays filamentous, spine strong and nearly 2 length of Ist ray. Anal iii 19; spines short, the 2nd longest; anterior rays slightly longer than longest dorsal rays, the Ist ray not divided. Caudal (damaged in specimen). Scales cycloid; lateral line 50, high and following curve of dorsal, lat. tr. 43.
One specimen, 230 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
This specimen differs somewhat from D. punctata, C. and V., chiefly in shape of body; the distance also between the commence- ment of the dorsal and anal is not equal to the length of body to base of caudal, but only to about over the 14th ray of the anal; the profile from the dorsal to the snout is different, there being an elevation in front of the eyes about equal to 2 their diameter.
ScORPIS LITHOPHILUS, N. sp. (Stone-fish.)
Depth of body twice in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4 times. Snout equals the diameter of the eye, which is about 14 times in interorbital width and 3 to 34 times in length of head. Snout very obtuse, with a protuberance before upper anterior angle of each orbit; maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits, upper lip thick in the middle.
Dorsal viii 20; soft portion slightly falcate, anterior rays elevated and a little over + length of head; spines short and strong, received into a sheath. Pectorals 14 in length of head. Ventrals nearly
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 163
2 length of head. Anal iii 23; spines short, soft portion of fin similar to soft dorsal fin; anterior ray about ? length of head. Caudal crescentic. Scales ciliated. Lat. 1. 90, lat. tr. 34 (approxi- mately).
Colour (of preserved specimen), slate grey, white ventrals, a dark spot on operculum.
One specimen, 208 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal ; caught among rocks on Natal coast, very common.
Famiry MULLIDA.
UPENEOIDES viTTaTus, Forsk.
Teeth, in a narrow band on each jaw and on palatines, a single row on vomer. Depth of body slightly less than length of head, which is nearly 32 times in total length excluding caudal. Snout about 14 times in diameter of eye, which is about + less tha 1 inter- orbital width and 4 times in length of head.
Two dorsals vill, 1 8; spines of anterior dorsal weak; 1st spine minute, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th about equal, 1* times as high as second dorsal and * length of head; 6 rows of scales between Ist and 2nd dorsals. Pectorals ; length of head. Ventrals + length of head. Anal i 7; originates between 3rd and 4th rays of soft dorsal, spine minute. Caudal (damaged in specimen). Scales ctenoid; lateral line 38, tubes arborescent on each scale, especially anteriorly.
Lat. tr. = One specimen, 159 mm. in length, from Durban Museum. This fish is found from the Red Sea, East Coast of Africa, seas of
India, to the Malay Archipelago and beyond (Day).
UPENEUS QUEKETTI, N. sp.
Depth of body 4 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 34 times. Snout a little less than twice diameter of eye, which is about 14 times in interorbital width and 3+ to 4 times in length of head. A well-developed opercular spine; maxillary does not reach to vertical of anterior margin of eye; barbels do not reach to angle of preoperculum.
Dorsal viii, i8; first 3 spines of anterior dorsal nearly the same length, the 2nd slightly longer than the others, 2 to 2 length of head ; the first two spines are closer together than the others. Second dorsal
anteriorly 2 to 2 as high as the first. Pectorals 2 length of head;
164 Annals of the South African Museum.
ventrals a little longer than pectorals. Anal i 6; commences slightly behind origin of 2nd dorsal. Caudal deeply forked. Six rows of scales between Ist and 2nd dorsals; lateral line 38-39, tubes very arborescent, especially anteriorly ; lat. tr. 2.
Two specimens, 180 mm. and 177 mm. in length respectively, the former from Durban Museum, the latter from Mr. Anderson, taken at Inner Harbour, Durban.
? UPENEUS INDICUS, Shaw.
Depth of body 3,1, to 34 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head about the same. Snout about 24 times diameter of eye, which is 14 times in interorbital width and about 4} times in length of head. Snout obtuse; jaws equal, maxillary reaches to about vertical of midway between point of snout and orbits; spine on opercle strong; barbels reach to beyond posterior margin of preoperculum.
Dorsal viii, i 8; 1st spine of anterior dorsal minute, 3rd longest nearly 2 length of head. Pectorals about + length of head; ventrals 8 length of head. Anali 7; originates behind second dorsal and is of about same height. Caudal (damaged in specimens). Scales in 3 rows between Ist and 2nd dorsals; lat. 1. 29, tubes arborescent,
lat. tr. 2.
Colour (of preserved specimens), greenish; with a black blotch between 2nd dorsal and caudal, extending from the lateral line and crossing the back.
Two specimens, 134 mm. and 128 mm. in length respectively from Durban Museum (somewhat damaged and not in a good state
for determination).
Famity SPARIDAL.
CRENIDENS FORSKALII, C. and V. (White Karanteen.)
Teeth, 10 in upper jaw and 12 in lower.
Depth of body 22 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4 times. Snout 11 times diameter of eye, which is 12 times in interorbital space and about 3} times in length of head. Snout blunt, with a prominent bulge at upper anterior angle of orbits; 3 or 4 rows of scales on cheeks; cleft of mouth small, maxillary reaches about to vertical of posterior nostril.
Dorsal xi 11; spines flexible, 3rd longest and about length of
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 165
head ; spinous portion of fin higher than soft. Pectorals 12 times length of head, but not reaching to anal. Ventrals about * length of head. Anal iii 10; spines strong, 2nd stronger and a little longer than 3rd, about 7 length of longest dorsal spine. Caudal emarginate. Seales cycloid; lat. 1. 52, lat. tr. 5%.
Colour (of preserved specimen), silvery, dark longitudinal bands on upper two-thirds of body, dorsal and caudal edged with black.
One specimen, 197 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
The fish is also found in the Red Sea, seas of India, Sind, and
coast of Mozambique (Day).
Box Saupa, L. (Striped Karanteen.)
Teeth, incisors in upper jaw notched in the centre, in lower jaw triangular with a very slight lateral denticulation. Depth of body 2? times in total length excluding caudal, length of head slightly over 4 times. Snout a little over diameter of eye, which is about 14 times in interorbital width and 34 times in length of head. Snout very obtuse, with a protuberance at upper anterior angle of each eye; cleft of mouth small, lateral, slightly curved; maxillary reaches nearly to vertical of anterior margin of orbits; upper lip projecting, thick in the middle ; preorbital has upper anterior margin slightly produced and its inferior edge slightly emarginate.
Dorsal xi 14; spines flexible and received in a groove; spinous portion higher than soft; 5th and 6th spines longest, nearly 4 length of head. Pectorals nearly as long as the head. Ventrals ? length of head. Anal iii 13; spines weak; 3rd longest, about 2 length of adjacent soft ray and 4 length of longest dorsal spine; spines and rays received in a groove. Caudal forked. Scales slightly ciliated ; Hate (oO, lab. tre 52.
Colour, about seven longitudinal white lines (in preserved specimen), black spot in axil of pectorals.
One specimen, 173 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
This fish is well known at the Cape, where it is called the ‘“‘ Bamboo fish.’ It occurs in the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands, and it is of interest to find it in a region where so many typical Indian forms occur. The Cape specimens when alive are greenish above and silvery below, with yellow longitudinal bands.
DipTERODON CaPEnsis, C. and V.
Depth of body nearly twice the total length excluding caudal, length of head a little over 34 times. Snout equal in length to
166 Annals of the South African Museum.
interorbital width and about 1} times diameter of eye, which is nearly 34 times in length of head. Posterior margin of preoperculum serrated; a protuberance at upper anterior angle of orbits; snout obtuse; cleft of mouth small and slightly oblique, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin of orbits; upper lip thick; cheeks covered with scales.
Dorsal x 20; spines strong and received into a sheath at base; 4th and 5th longest, nearly 4 length of head, succeeding spines decreasing. The anterior rays of soft dorsal are about the same length as the longest spines, the remainder shortening successively and again lengthening a little, making the posterior margin of the fin emarginate. Pectorals about ,*, length of head, reaching vertical of vent; ventrals slightly less than pectorals. Anal i113; second spine strongest and a little longer than 3rd, # length of longest dorsal spine. Caudal forked, covered with fine scales. Scales ciliated; lat. 1. about 80, lat. tr. 25.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark grey, fins black. The colour of fresh specimens of this fish, which occurs abundantly at the Cape, where it is known locally as ‘‘ Galjoen,’’ varies very much; some- times the body is very light and silvery, when a series of broad bands may appear across it—usually, however, the body is dark, without bands ; the soft dorsal and anal also have a dark patch.
One specimen, 196 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
CANTHARUS AINEUS, 0. Sp. (Bronze Bream.)
Depth of body 21 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4 times. Snout equal to interorbital width and nearly twice the diameter of the eye, which is 4,1, times in length of head; snout obtuse, with a bulge at upper anterior border of the orbits; mouth small, cleft slightly curved; maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior nostril, which is very elongate and situated before upper angle of orbits ; 8 series of scales between preorbital and preopercular limb ; preorbital rather longer than wide, concealing the maxillary bone ; posterior margin of preoperculum straight, angle rounded.
Dorsal xi 11; originates above base of pectorals, spines flexible ; 5th spine longest, nearly $ length of head; soft portion of fin lower than spinous. Pectorals 1,3, times length of head, reach almost to origin of anal, 5th ray longest, base of fin covered with scales. Ventrals nearly length of head and with a moderately strong spine 3? the length of adjacent ray ; reach nearly to vent. Anal iii 10 ; spines
————— eee
eee
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 167
strong, 1st about 4 length of 2nd, which is about the same height as 3rd, and nearly ? length of longest dorsal spine. Scales of moderate size, faintly ciliated; lat. 1. 82, lat. tr. 29.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark brown with numerous white longitudinal lines.
One specimen, 311 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal ;
caught amongst rocks.
CANTHARUS NATALENSIS, 0. sp. (Hottentot.)
Depth of body 2,3, times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4 times. Snout 14 times diameter of eye, which is 14 times in interorbital width and about 3? times in length of head; profile of head rounded, with a protuberance at anterior upper angle of each orbit ; cleft of mouth small, oblique; maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior nostril, which is elongate; lower jaw slightly projecting, chin prominent. There are about 12 series of scales between pre- orbital and preopercular border; preorbital longer than wide, emarginate, angles rounded.
Dorsal xi 12; originates above base of pectorals, spines flexible ; 4th spine longest, nearly 4 length of head; anterior soft rays about equal to adjacent spine, lengthening posteriorly to nearly length of 4th spine. Pectorals 12 times length of head, reach to origin of anal, base scaly, lower rays branched. Ventrals about + length of head, reach to vent. Anal iii 11; 2nd spine strongest and slightly less than 3rd, % length of longest dorsal spine. Scales very faintly
ciliated; lat. 1. 88, lat. tr. a tubes of lateral line bifurcated, especially anteriorly.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark above, silvery below.
This fish may be distinguished, among other things, by the great length of the 4th dorsal spine from the Cape Hottentot (C. blochii), which has the 4th spine 4 length of head.
One specimen, 310 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal. Fish taken by deep-sea fishermen, not so common as other varieties.
SARGUS CERVINUS, Lowe.
Teeth, molars in two series on each jaw; incisors elongate, im- planted in an oblique direction, ®. (The actual numbers of teeth in the specimen are ?, but there is clearly one missing from the left upper, and one from right lower jaw.) Depth of body twice in total length excluding caudal, length of head 34 times. Snout rather pro-
168 Annals of the South African Musewm.
duced, 24 times diameter of eye, which is 5 times in length of head and 4 interorbital width ; lips very thick and fleshy, maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior nostril, which is elongate and close to upper anterior angle of eye; suprascapula much larger than a scale and indistinctly striated, a series of striated scales curves upwards from it to the occiput, and a similar series from upper angle of preoper- culum to crown of head.
Dorsal xi 13; spines flexible, and received into a groove at the base ; 4th spine longest, 2 length of head; soft portion of fin much lower than spinous and with base of rays covered with scales. Pectorals 14 times length of head, the 5th and 6th rays produced and reaching much beyond origin of anal, to about in line with base of 3rd ray. Ventrals about $ length of pectorals, reaching to vent. Anal in 11; 2nd spine strongest and longest, ,7, length of longest dorsal spine, base of soft portion of fin covered with scales. Caudal emarginate, covered with scales. Scales cycloid; lat. 1.62, and 6 on caudal fin in addition, lat. tr. a
Colour, seven broad dark cross-bands on body, their breadth about equal to the distance between them; dorsal, anal, and ventrals blackish.
One specimen, 286 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
LETHRINUS SCOPARIUS, N. sp. (Scavenger. )
Teeth, 4 small canines in front on either jaw ; lateral teeth in jaws near front pointed, posteriorly the last few with rounded crowns and larger in upper jaw. Depth of body 22 times in total length exclud- ing caudal, length of head 3 times. Snout 24 times diameter of eye, which is about 14 times in interorbital width and 44 times in length of head. Snout pointed ; cleft of mouth lateral; maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior nostril; operculum with a flat, broad, incon- spicuous spine; preorbital about 14 times diameter of eye in height, concealing maxillary bone; head, lower jaw, and preoperculum with aumerous fine pores ; nape slightly gibbose, profile of head descend- ing obliquely in a nearly straight line to point of snout.
Dorsal x 9; spines flexible, increasing in length to 3rd, which is about 2 length of head and slightly longer than longest ray. Pec- torals, first rays longest, nearly the length of the head and reaching to in line with 3rd spine of anal. Ventrals nearly ? length of head and reaching to vent. Anal ii 8; spines moderately strong, 3rd slightly longer than 2nd, nearly as long as soft rays and about 2
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 169
length of longest dorsal spine. Caudal forked, with pointed lobes, the upper of which is longer. Scales feebly ciliated; Lat. 1. 47,
4 lati. tr. oo
Colour (of preserved specimen), scales of body yellowish, head dark brown with a few dark dots on cheek, and short bands less than three diameters of the eye—one under eye and 2 radiating from the eye anteriorly.
One specimen, 220 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
PAGRUS NIGRIPINNIS, Bler. (Mussel-crusher.)
Teeth, 4 strong canines on each jaw; a row of large molars. Depth of body nearly 24 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 2? times. Snout 2+ times diameter of eye, which is nearly 13 times in interorbital width and 5 times in length of head. Inter- orbital space broad and flat, a protuberance before eyes at upper anterior angle of orbits; preoperculum finely denticulated, angle rounded ; operculum with a short strong spine; preorbital emargin- ate, least width 1+ times diameter of eye; interorbital region, occiput, cheek and gill-cover densely covered with small, strongly imbricated scales; 16 series of scales on the cheek; jaws equal, maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior nostril.
Dorsal xii 10; originates above base of pectorals, spines strong, 3rd and 4th longest, a little more than + length of head and about + length of longest soft rays; base of soft portion of fin covered with scales for about + of the height. Pectorals ;°, length of head, reach to in line with base of 2nd analspine. Ventrals nearly 2 length of head. Anal ii 8; 2nd spine very strong and longer than 3rd, } length of head, nearly equal in length to longest dorsal spine and + length of anterior soft rays; the whole fin embedded in a scaly sheath for } height of rays. Caudal forked, upper lobe rather longer than lower, base of fin covered with scales. Scales feebly ciliated; lat. 1. 62, lat. tr. x
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark brown above, whitish below ; all fins black.
One specimen, 297 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
This appears to be a young specimen of P. migripinnis, Blgr., the type of which was 400 mm. in length. The ‘ Mussel-crusher’”’ grows to a very large size (three feet or so in length), and is apparently the same fish as the ‘‘ Bischop”’ or “ Poeskop”’ of Cape fishermen, a name which, however, they also apply to a large Sargus, which also
170 Annals of the South African Musewm.
occurs in Natal and is there called the ‘‘Brusher.” Castelnau describes a “‘ Poeskop”’ from Kalk Bay as Chrysophrys nasutus, n. sp., which may be the fish here described. The ‘ Brusher”’ is probably his Pagrus durbanensis, but his descriptions are not sufficient to allow of certain identification.
CHRYSOPHRYS ROBINSONI, N. Sp. (Mud Bream.)
Teeth, 6 canines in each jaw; molars in 3 rows in the lower, 4 or 5in the upper jaw. Depth of body 24 times in total length exclud- ing caudal, length of head 3} times. Snout about 1? times diameter of eye, which is a little more than 14 times in interorbital width and 43 times in length of head. Nape gibbose, a slight protuberance between the orbits; preorbital $ diameter of eye in height, lower border emarginate, and twice as long as high; 6 rows of scales between preorbital and angle of preoperculum; cleft of mouth lateral, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of eye, upper lip thick ; opercular spine small and inconspicuous.
Dorsal xi 11; originates above base of pectorals, spines strong and received in a groove ; 4th spine longest, a little over 2 length of head and about the same height as longest soft rays. Pectorals a little longer than head and reach to origin of anal. Ventrals about 2 length of head. Anal ii 9; 2nd spine very strong, grooved and very flattened (about $ diameter of eye), and 14 times the length of the longest dorsalspine. Caudalemarginate. Scales feebly ciliated ; lat. 1. 43, lat. tr. 5.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark, almost black.
Described from one specimen, 234 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal: the fish is said not to exceed 2 lbs, in weight.
CHRYSOPHRYS ESTUARIUS, 0. Sp. (River Bream.)
Teeth, 6 canines on each jaw; molars in 4 or 5 rows on upper, 3 rows on lower jaw. Depth of body 2} to 22 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 to 31 times. Snout 14 to 1+ times diameter of eye, which is 11 to 1$ times in interorbital width and 44 to 5 times in length of head. Snout straight, a slight in- ward curve in dorsal profile behind eye; preorbital emarginate, slightly less than or equal to diameter of eye in height ; 5 rows of scales between preorbital and angle of preoperculum; cleft of mouth lateral, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of
orbits ; opercular spine small and inconspicuous.
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. igie
Dorsal xi 11; spines strong, received in a groove, each alternate one strongest and flattened (4 mm.) on one side; 4th spine longest, slightly less than } length of head; spinous portion of fin higher than the soft. Pectorals a little longer than head, 5th and 6th rays longest, reach to origin of anal. Ventrals # to + length of head; spine fairly strong, compressed and nearly 2 length of Ist soft ray. Anal ii 8; 2nd spine strong, longer than 3rd and about same length as longest dorsal spine. Caudal emarginate. Seales ciliated, but very feebly above lateral line ; lat. |. 44-46, lat. tr. 4.
Colour (of preserved specimen), whitish, dorsal edged with black, a black patch at commencement of lateral line.
Three specimens, 160 mm., 218 mm., 226 mm. in length respec- tively, from Mr Robinson, Natal.
CHRYSOPHRYS NATALENSIS, Cast. (Silver Bream.)
Teeth, 6 canines on each jaw; molars in 4 rows on upper, 3 rows on lower jaw, the last teeth of inner series being the largest. Depth of body 24 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 times. Snout about 21 times diameter of eye, which is 13 times in interorbital width and 4! times in length of head. Dorsal profile is an uninterrupted and gentle curve from end of snout to beginning of dorsal fin; a protuberance above anterior upper angle of orbits ; upper jaw projects slightly beyond lower; maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin of orbits; preorbital slightly emarginate, height 14 times diameter of eye, 6 series of scales between preorbital and angle of preoperculum ; spine on opercle small and inconspicuous.
Dorsal xi 13; spines flexible, received into a sheath; 4th spine longest, nearly 4 length of head and longer than longest soft rays. Pectorals 1,%, times length of head, 5th and 6th rays longest, reach to vertical of commencement of soft anal. Ventrals about + length of head, scarcely reach to vent. Anal iii 11; spines moderately strong, 2nd and 3rd about equal, about same length as longest rays and * length of longest dorsal spine. Caudal forked, lobes covered with small scales. Scales cycloid above lateral line and feebly ciliated below. Lat. 1. 62, lat. tr. 7.
Colour (of preserved specimen), pale brown, margin of dorsal dark, a black band between and over eyes.
One specimen, 280 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
It is probably the C. natalensis of Castelnau, but his description is insufficient.
172 Annals of the South African Museum.
CHRYSOPHRYS ANGLICUS, N. sp. (Englishman.)
Teeth, canines four, rather poorly developed, on upper and lower jaw ; 3 large molars behind the middle of each jaw forming an outer row; in the upper jaw a second irregular row of smaller molars and internal to this numerous very small molars. Depth of body 22 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3} times. Snout a little more than twice diameter of eye, which is 1} times in interorbital width and nearly 42 times in length of head. Nape gibbose, a very pronounced bulge on upper anterior angle of orbits, profile from origin of dorsal fin to orbits slightly convex and de- scending very abruptly from ovbits to point of snout. Preorbital nearly as high as wide, its least depth about 1% times diameter of eye, and slightly emarginate on posterior third; jaws about equal and slightly produced, maxillary reaches nearly to vertical of middle of orbits; vertical limb of preoperculum smooth or very finely serrated; operculum with an inconspicuous spine; 13 or 14 series of scales between preorbital and angle of preoperculum ; interorbital space rounded and covered with scales.
Dorsal xii 10; spines flexible, 3rd spine longest and nearly 4 length of head, succeeding spines shortening to 12th, which is a little more than 4 as high as the 3rd and about + the height of adjacent soft ray; longest soft rays about 2 the height of longest spine. Pectorals falcate, 14 times length of head and reaching to in line with first ray of anal. Ventrals over * length of head and reaching to vent. Anal iii 8; 2nd spine strongest, about same length as 3rd and * the height of longest spine of dorsal ; soft rays about same height as 8rd anal spine, shortening posteriorly. Caudal forked (damaged in specimen). Scales feebly ciliated ; lat. 1 66, lat. tr. 44.
Colour. Mr. Robinson kindly supplied the following particulars : “Silvery pinkish. Several broad, rather indistinct darker bands vertically—tail pale pink, dorsals pinkish tinged with green, pec- torals pinkish, ventrals darker pink, anal pinkish tinged with green. A red vertical stripe at base of pectorals, a red spot on side at base of pectorals, head dark red in front above eyes, a whitish bony knob in front of eyes, under edge of lower jaw purplish, upper jaw darker red in front, greenish tinge on gill-covers, eyes black pupil with orange iris.”
One specimen, 397 mm, in length, from Durban.
This species approaches Chrysophrys gibbiceps (the red stump-
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 173
nose) in general shape, especially of the head region. It can be distinguished from it by the difference in the number of scales.
CHRYSOPHRYS DENTATUS, N.. sp. (Dane.)
Teeth, 4 incisors in upper jaw projecting forward, 6 in lower jaw, of which the 4 centre ones project like the upper incisors, the 2 outer being somewhat recurved and canine-like; immediately behind them are small pointed teeth which soon pass into rounded molars, of which there are about 4 rows, further back there is one row of large rounded molars. Depth of body 24 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 times. Snout twice diameter of eye, which is about 14 times in interorbital width and 4 times in length of head. Preorbital 18 times diameter of eye in height, and almost entirely covering the maxillary bone; cleft of mouth large, slightly oblique, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin of orbits; lower jaw projects; 11 series of scales between preorbital and margin of preoperculum ; profile of head from occiput to point of snout nearly straight, obliquely descend- ing, with a very slight bulge in front of orbits.
Dorsal xiii 11; spines flexible; 3rd and 4th longest, about 3 length of head. Pectorals slightly longer than length of head, the 4th and 5th rays longest, reaching beyond origin of anal. Ventrals about % length of head, reach to vent. Anal iii 9; spines moder- ately strong (tips of 2nd and 3rd broken in specimen). Caudal emarginate. Scales ctenoid; lat. 1. 73, lat. tr. 34.
Colour (of preserved specimen), whitish, with a dark band be- tween eyes.
One specimen, 205 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal ; fish captured by deep-sea boats.
CHRYSOPHRYS PUNICEUS, N. sp. (Slinger.) Teeth, 4 conical canines on upper, 6 on lower jaw; molars in 4 rows on upper jaw, outer large, inner small and in indistinct rows. . Depth of body twice in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 times. Snout 1* times diameter of eye, which is 1} times in interorbital width and 4 times in length of head. Nape very gibbose, profile of head obliquely descending, a slight protuberance between orbits; preorbital 12 times diameter of eye in height, longer than wide, and partly covering maxillary bone ; operculum with a small
174 Annals of the South African Museum.
spine; cleft of mouth oblique, maxillary reaches to anterior margin of orbits; snout obtuse ; cheek and preopercle covered with scales.
Dorsal xii 10; spines flexible, 4th spine longest, } length of head; spinous portion of fin higher than soft. Pectorals 12 times length of head, 4th and 5th rays being produced, reach to 3rd ray of anal. Ventrals + length of head, reach about to vent. Anal iii 9; 2nd spine strongest and longest, nearly ? length of longest dorsal spine. Caudal forked. Scales cycloid; lat. 1. 50, lat. tr. 48).
Colour, pink, a black spot on axil and black streak below eye.
One specimen, 236 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal ; taken by deep-sea boats.
CypHosus Fuscus, Lacép.
Depth of body 2} times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 times. Snout 1} times diameter of eye, which is 12 times in interorbital width and nearly 4 times in length of head; preoper- culum slightly serrated at angle, which is rounded.
Dorsal xi 12; spines low, increasing in length posteriorly, the 4th to the 7th being longest, about + the depth of the body and about the same length as the last and longest soft rays. Anteriorly the soft portions of both dorsal and anal fins are lower than the spinous. Pectorals nearly 3 length of head; ventrals slightly less than pectorals. Anal ii 11; 5rd spine longest, nearly the length of the longest dorsal spine. Caudal (damaged in specimen). Scales ctenoid; lat. 1. 69 scales were counted over the lateral line, the pierced scales were indistinct, lat. tr. .*..
Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform brown. One specimen, 146 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
Faminry CIRRHITIDA.
CIRRHITICHTHYS MACULATUS, Lacép.
Teeth, in villiform bands on both jaws with an outer rather enlarged row on the upper and 4 or 5 strong, curved, conical teeth on each side of the lower jaw ; a triangular villiform patch on vomer and band on palatines. Depth of body equals length of head and is 3 times in total length excluding caudal. Snout about 12 times diameter of eye, which is a little greater than interorbital width and
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 175
44 times in length of head. Vertical limb of preoperculum finely serrated, angle rounded entire and slightly produced; greatest depth of preorbital equals diameter of eye; a well-developed heavily fringed tentacle on anterior nostril; maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of orbits; interorbital space concave with a strong bony ridge over each eye produced posteriorly into a smooth bony excrescence above the preoperculum; profile of head depressed behind orbits.
Dorsal x 11; commences above base of pectorals, spines strong, 3rd to 6th subequal and about 2 length of head, the following spines decreasing slightly; anterior soft rays 1} times length of the adjacent spine. Pectorals 7 + viii.; the two upper simple rays are longest and nearly # length of head. Ventrals a little over } length of head. Anal iii 6; 2nd spine strongest and longest, a little higher than longest spines of dorsal; anterior soft rays 1} times as high as longest rays of dorsal. Caudal (damaged). Scales fairly large, cycloid, and also cover posterior margin of opercles. Liat. 1. AQ; lat. tr. #%.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark brown, lighter underneath ; body spotted with dark brown, vertical fins with irregular bars of dark brown.
One specimen, 165 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal; caught at Winkel Spruit.
Famiry SCORPAANID AA.
PTEROIS MILES, Benn.
Teeth, a band of villiform teeth on each jaw, a deep chevron- shaped band on vomer. Depth of body 31 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head over 33 times. Snout twice diameter of eye, which nearly equals interorbital width and is 44 times in length of head. Interorbital space very concave; a bony ridge on each orbit with a blunt spine at posterior end; a bladelike spine on occipital ridge on each side of nape; a spinate ridge from upper posterior angle of eye to commencement of lateral line; snout with a bony knob in centre nearer to point than to orbits, the anterior nostrils, each of which has a flap, being at its base on the posterior side; 3 blunt spines on lower margin of preorbital, from which a bony ridge extends to eye and a spinate ridge crosses the cheek and extends to upper spine of preoperculum, which has 2
176 Annals of the South African Museum.
smaller spines below it; opercular spine only slightly developed ; orbital tentacles small; tentacles on lower edge of preorbital, the lower one more developed, and one or two tentacles on lower margin of preoperculum.
Dorsal xii, i 11; interspinous membranes deeply emarginate, spines lower anteriorly, the first 2 close together, 1st spine a little more than 2 length of head, the succeeding ones increasing to the 6th or 7th, which are subequal and ,°, length of head; the last 2 spines are much shorter, the 12th being about # the height of the 6th or 7th, and forming a notch between the spinous and soft-rayed portions of the fin. The middle soft rays are about ;', higher than longest spines; all the rays are split. Pectorals 13; reach to posterior end of soft dorsal; rays of upper half of fin have mem- branes deeply cleft and are 1* times length of head. Ventrals about 4 longer than head and reach to origin of anal. Anal ili 7; spines moderately strong, 3rd longest and about same height as 1st spine of dorsal; soft rays split, middle ones about same height as soft dorsal. “ Caudal about + longer than head, rounded, rays split, and middle ones longest. Scales on base of pectorals. Lat. tr. 42.
Colour (of preserved specimen), greyish brown, with vertical dark bands with narrower and lighter intermediate ones, three or four brown bands radiating downwards from eye, three or four extending across nape and head. Pectorals and ventrals blackish; vertical fins without black spots.
One specimen, 188 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
A second specimen from Natal agrees with the above excepting that (1) the soft vertical fins have black spots ; (2) the pectorals extend to the root of the caudal ; (3) soft dorsal and anal are rather longer ; (4) soft dorsal has 10 rays, anal has 6. In other respects they resemble each other so closely that we have considered them as specifically the same.
APISTUS FAUREI, 0. Sp.
Depth of body 3} times in total length excluding caudal, length of head a little less than three times. Snout equals diameter of eye, which is 3 times in interorbital width and slightly over 4 times in length of head. Eyes directed slightly upwards and outwards ; preorbital produced on each side of point of snout with a large spine longer than diameter of eye and 2 smaller ones anteriorly on each side; two lines from point of snout passing backwards between eyes and diverging on occiput to nape; preoperculum with a strong spine on posterior margin and 3 smaller ones at the angle; operculum
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. Eri
with 2 spines, a temporal ridge with spines; mouth wide, cleft slightly oblique, lower jaw slightly longer than upper, maxil- lary reaches to vertical of middle of orbits; a slender barbel at symphysis of lower jaw, with one on each mandible a little behind it.
Dorsal xv 9; spines slender, first 2 about equal, increasing gradu- ally to 10th, which is about * length of head, then decreasing to 14th which is about + the height of the last spine; anterior soft rays longest and about same length as longest spine. Pectorals about 12 times length of head, reach to vertical of last soft ray of anal ; the single appendage reaches nearly to vent, and is almost the length of the ventrals, which are about * length of head. Anal iii 7; spines flexible, 3rd longest and about * length of adjacent ray, which about equals the height of longest dorsal spine. Caudal rounded. Scales cycloid.
Colour (of preserved specimen), white, a black spot between Ist and 2nd and 9th to 12th spines of dorsal, three cross- bars over soft dorsal, and four on caudal, extremity of pectorals black.
One specimen, 107 mm. in length, procured by the ss. Pieter Faure from off Umhlanga River mouth, 24 miles, in shrimp trawl— depth 22 to 26fms. Fine sand.
MINOUS SUPERCILIOSUS, N. sp.
Depth of body nearly 3 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 23 times. Snout equals diameter of eye, which is about 3 times in length of head; interorbital width * diameter of eye; maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits; preorbital very rugose, armed on each side with a strong sharp spine nearly 2 diameter of eye in length, with a small one at its base; preoperculum with strong coarse teeth on lower margin and a strong spine, the same length as preorbital one, at the angle ; temporal and occipital ridges and border of orbits spinate and rugose; interorbital space with a deep longitudinal groove, the edges of which are spinulose ; a long tentacle over each eye and about half its diameter in length, 2 or 3 smaller tentacles on each side near the base of this tentacle ; cleft of mouth slightly oblique, lower jaw projects and has a fringe of smail barbels underneath each mandible, the posterior barbel on each side being longest and about 2 diameter of eye.
Dorsal xi 12; originates a little in front of vertical of end of preopercular spine and extends to base of caudal, to which it is
12
178 Annals of the South African Museum.
joined by a membrane; spines slender, membranes deeply cleft ; 1st spine minute, 2nd slightly curved backwards and about equal with the succeeding, length a little over 2 length of head; ends of spine free, the lower parts, especially posteriorly, and the whole of the soft rays enclosed in a skinny membrane. Pectorals almost as long as head, broad, and reaching to the vertical of the base of the 4th ray of dorsal; a single free ray below the pectoral fin 4 of its length. Ventrals 3%, length of head, last ray attached to the body by a soft membrane. Anal ii 10; spines not well developed and together with soft rays enclosed in a skinny mem- brane, the tips of anterior rays free. Caudal slightly rounded. Body naked.
Colour (of preserved specimen), about seven broad brown bands run transversely across upper part of body; a black patch behind distal end of dorsal spines; pectorals with many large brown spots. The markings on this fish are very red when it is alive.
One specimen, 81 mm. in length, procured by the ss. Preter Faure in shrimp trawl, 26 fms., Amatikulu Conical Hill NW. 74 miles.
Faminy KURTIDA.
PEMPHERIS MOLUCCA, C and VY.
Depth of body slightly more than twice in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4 times. Interorbital width 12 times in diameter of eye, which is 2 times in length of head. Preoperculum with strong denticulations at angle.
Dorsal vi 9; spines weak, increasing in length to the last, which is about 4 the length of the head and about 2 the height of anterior soft rays; the soft portion of the fin decreases in height posteriorly. Pectorals nearly as long as head. Ventrals about 4 length of head, spine moderately strong. Anal ii 41; spines weak, Ist and 2nd small, 3rd about 4 length of anterior rays. Caudal (damaged in specimen). Lateral line almost straight, running parallel and close to dorsal fin in upper seventh of body. Liat. 1. 55.
Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform whitish, with black mark at top of soft dorsal.
One specimen, 145 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. HE)
Faminy POLYNEMIDA.
POLYNEMUS SEXTARIUS, BI.
Teeth, villiform in jaws, and in a band on vomer and _ palatines. Depth of body 3 to 3! times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 to 32 times. Snout $ to + diameter of eye, which is about equal to the interorbital width and 3 to 3% times in length of head; height of head about + its length, width 2 its length. Snout pro- duced beyond mouth, which is under eye, upper jaw overlaps lower, maxillary extends about } diameter of eye behind posterior margin of orbits and is about 2 length of head; vertical margin of preoper culum serrated, with a strong tooth above its rounded, produced, but entire angle; a short strong inconspicuous spine on shoulder at commencement of lateral line.
Dorsal viii, 1 12-13; spines weak and somewhat filamentous, Ist spine of anterior dorsal minute, 3rd longest and about * length of head those following rapidly decrease; a series of small scales ascend behind each spine. Anterior rays of soft dorsal about ¢ higher than longest spines of the lst; upper edge of fin rather concave. Pectorals 14+vi., upper rays unbranched and ? to * length of head ; uppermost appendage longest and reaches to middle or tip of ventrals, which are from 4 to 3 length of head. Anal iii 12-13; base about same length as soft dorsal, to which it is similar but not so high ; Ist spine minute, 3rd longest and about twice the height of the 2nd and $as high as adjacentray. Caudal deeply forked, length 1} to 1} times length of head; height of free portion of peduncle about equals its length, which is $ to nearly ? length of head. Lat. 1. 46-50, lat. tr. 55.
Colour (of preserved specimens), yellowish white with minute black dots over body and fins; a large dark spot consisting of two parallel serrated lines near commencement of the lateral line.
Fifteen specimens; the largest, 135 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal; the others, ranging in length from 70 mm. to 90 mm., caught by Preter Faure (ss.) in shrimp trawl, in 24 fms., South Head Tugela River N. by W. 44 miles.
POLYNEMUS THNIATUS, Giinth.
Teeth, villiform, a small nearly oval patch on vomer, a cuneiform band broadest anteriorly on palatines. Depth of body equals length
180 Annals of the South African Museum.
of head, and is 32 times in total length, excluding caudal. Snout nearly equals diameter of eye, which is 1? in interorbital width and 41 times in length of head. Interorbital space convex; eye covered with an adipose membrane ; height of head equals ? its length, width about 4 its length; snout obtuse, projecting much beyond mouth ; cleft of mouth wide, upper jaw overlaps lower, maxillary extends about } diameter of eye beyond the posterior margin of the orbit and is about $ length of head; posterior margin of preoperculum descends obliquely backwards in a slight curve and is serrated, the angle produced into a rounded lobe.
Dorsal vii, 1 13; origin of Ist dorsal about in line with 7th scale of lateral line; 1st spine minute, 3rd longest, and % length of head, 4th longer than 2nd, and those following rapidly decrease in height ; a series of small scales ascend behind each spine, and the length of the base of the fin equals 2 its height. The distance between the two dorsal fins is greater than the base of the 2nd, which is entirely covered with scales and has its upper margin crescentic; the soft dorsal is rather higher anteriorly than the first dorsal and than the anal, and the space between it and the caudal is less than + the total length of the body excluding caudal. Pectorals 16+. ; rays unbranched, 3 length of head, and base of fin covered with small scales ; the uppermost of the 5 appendages is the longest, nearly the length of the head and almost reaching to the tips of the ventrals. The root of the ventrals is in the vertical of 11th scale of lateral line, their length is 2 that of the head, and the spine is about 4 length of adjacent ray. Anal ii 11; origin falls in vertical of 6th soft ray of dorsal; only one spine is visible, which is a little more than 2 the length of adjacent ray; the fin is similar to the soft dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes slightly filamentous, covered with scales and 11 times length of head; the least depth of free portion of peduncle equals 4 length of head. Scales ciliated on posterior margin and free portion covered with minute spines. Lat. 1. 65, almost straight, and extends slightly over lower lobe of caudal, where it bends obliquely downwards. Lat. tr. +75.
Colour (of preserved specimen), yellowish, with brown longi- tudinal lines running along body more distinct above lateral line than below; fins more or less dotted with black specks.
One specimen, 199 mm. in length, from Natal.
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 181
Famity SCIAINIDA.
UMBRINA STRIATA, N. sp.
Depth of body, 2 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 31 times. Snout about 13 times diameter of eye, which is 14 times in interorbital width, and nearly 42 times in length of head. Preoperculum with posterior margin slightly crenellated, with two coarse denticulations at the angle, which is slightly rounded; operculum with a flat weak spine; snout obtuse, pro- jecting beyond mouth, upper jaw overlaps lower; maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of orbits; barbel on chin small, about + diameter of eye in length with 2 open pores at the base on either side.
Dorsal x, 1 27; spines weak and flexible, 3rd and 4th about equal, a little over $ length of head; longest soft rays % length of longest spines. Pectorals nearly 2 length of head. Ventrals 3 length of head. Anal ii 7; 2nd spine strong, about 2+ times in length of head, + length of longest soft ray and } length of longest dorsal spine. Caudal truncate. Seales ciliated, except those on snout and below eyes, which are cycloid; lat. 1. 49, lat. tr. 4%.
Colour (of preserved specimen), grey, with nine longitudinal dark bands on upper three-fourths of body.
One specimen, 267 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
UMBRINA DUSSUMIERI, C. and V.
Depth of body 3+ to 32 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head about 33 times. Snout equals interorbital width and is 12 to 14 times diameter of eye, which is 42 to 5 times in length of head. Preoperculum entire; operculum with a soft spine; snout obtuse, overhangs mouth, upper lip overlaps lower, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits; distance from eye to upper maxillary bone about equals diameter of orbit; a short barbel, about + diameter of eye in length, below chin at symphysis of lower jaw, with a row of 5 open pores in front of it.
Dorsal x, i 26; spines weak, 2nd or 2nd and 3rd longest and 2 to 4 length of head; soft rays 2 to + length of longest spines. Pectorals 3, length of head. Ventrals 3 length of head. Anal 11 7; 2nd spine moderately strong, about ;8, length of head and 2 length of longest soft ray. Caudal rounded. Scales cycloid; lat. 1. 49, lat. tr. ©
12-14"
182 Annals of the South African Museum.
Three specimens, 180 mm., 182 mm., 146 mm. in length respectively, procured by the ss. Pieter Faure in shrimp trawl ; the first in 26 fms., Amatikulu Conical Hill NW. 74 miles, the other two in 24 fms., South Head Tugela River N. by W. 43 miles.
They differ slightly from U. dussuwmiert (Day) in the length of the soft rays of the dorsal fin, the ventral fins also are shorter.
UmBRINA SINUATA, Day.
Depth of body 2¢ times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 31 times. Snout equals interorbital width and is the same length as diameter of eye, which is 3} times in length of head; distance between eye and upper jaw equals 3 diameter of the orbit. Snout obtuse, swollen, and overhanging jaws; upper jaw over- lapping the lower, maxillary reaching to vertical of middle of orbits ; preoperculum serrated, coarsely at angle, which is rounded; two soft opercular spines; shoulder flap serrated; 3 pores in a transverse line across base of snout; a short barbel on chin at symphysis of lower jaw, about + diameter of eye in length, with 2 open pores on either side,
Dorsal x, i 27; spines slender, 2nd and 38rd longest 3 length of head and about same length as longest rays. Pectorals nearly 2 length of head. Ventrals 2 length of head, reach to vent. Anal ii 7; 2nd spine moderately strong, a little over 4 length of head and + length of first soft ray; the length of the base of the fin not quite + that of the soft dorsal. Caudal wedge-shaped. Scales ciliated, except on snout and below eyes, where they are cycloid. Lateral line becomes straight above end of anal. Lat. 1. 48, lat. tr. #7.
Colour (of preserved specimen), light brown, first dorsal and ventrals and first part of soft dorsal dark brown.
One specimen, 80 mm. in length, procured by the ss. Preter Faure in shrimp trawl, 26 fms., Amatikulu Conical Hill NW. 74 miles.
UMBRINA ROBINSONI, DN. Sp.
Depth of body 3;, times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 times. Snout 12 times diameter of eye, which is 14 times in interorbital width and 5 times in length of head. Snout obtuse, swollen, and projecting beyond mouth, upper jaw longer than lower, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits; preoperculum distinctly denticulated along posterior margin and on
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 183
angle, which is rounded; operculum with 2 flat spines; distance between eye and upper jaw equals diameter of the orbit; barbel on chin at symphysis of lower jaw short, } diameter of eye in length and with 2 open pores at its base on either side; a row of 3 pores across front of snout with a single pore above them in the centre.
Dorsal x, i 25; spines flexible, 1st very short, 4th longest, slightly over twice the length of soft rays and 4%, length of head. Pectorals nearly 2 length of head, rays divided. Ventrals slightly over 2 length of head. Anal ii 7; 2nd spine strong, 24 times in head and about * length of 1st soft ray, which is about the same length as the longest dorsal spine. Caudal truncate. Scales ciliated, except on snout and below eyes, where they are cycloid. Lat. 1. 49, lat. tr. 5%.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark brown, ventrals and anal black, a series of faint lines almost straight run upwards and back- wards from head to dorsal fin.
One specimen, 260 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
SCIHZNA PARVA, 0. Sp.
Depth of body 3 to 3} times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 to 31 times. Snout slightly less than interorbital space and 1 to 14 times diameter of eye, which is 4 to 43 times in length of head. Preoperculum finely serrated, with a coarse tooth at the angle, which is rounded, the spine is continued as a strong ridge on the preoperculum ; operculum with 2 weak flat spines ; distance from eye to upper jaw equals 3 diameter of eye; snout obtuse and rounded, upper jaw overlapping lower, cleft of mouth slightly oblique, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of eye; a row of 5 open pores under the symphysis of lower jaw.
Dorsal x, i 27-81; spines weak, 2nd or 2nd and 3rd longest, 2 length of head; soft rays about the same height as longest spines. Pectorals about # length of head; ventrals about same length, the lst ray being produced. Anal ii 7; 2nd spine moderately strong, about } length of head and 2 to 2 the length of longest soft rays, which are slightly longer than the longest soft rays of the dorsal. Caudal wedge-shaped, the middle rays longest. Scales ciliated on body, cycloid on snout and below eyes. Tubes of lateral line branched posteriorly. Lat. 1. 47, lat. tr. 5.
Three specimens, 93 mm., 111 mm., 126 mm. in length respec- tively, the last being a female with large well-developed ovaries (eggs “4 mm. in diameter): procured by the ss. Pieter Faure in
184 Annals of the South African Musewm.
shrimp trawl, 24 fms., South Head Tugela River N. by W. 44 miles.
OTOLITHUS RUBER, Schneid.
Teeth, a single curved canine at symphysis of lower jaw, one on each side of symphysis of upper jaw. Depth of body slightly over 4} times in total length excluding caudal, length of head nearly 34 times. Snout a little longer than interorbital widta and slightly over 14 times diameter of eye, which is 6 times in length of head. Cleft of mouth rather oblique, maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of orbits; lower jaw projects slightly beyond upper; distance from eye to upper edge of maxillary bone equals § diameter of orbit; preoperculum serrated, more coarsely at angle ; operculum with 2 soft spines.
Dorsal ix, i 28; spines weak and flexible, slightly filamentous ; 2nd longest, ;8, length of head. Pectorals over 3 length of head. Ventrals $ length of head. Anal ii 7; 1st spine minute, 2nd weak, about + length of head and 4 length of soft rays. Caudal slightly rounded. Scales cycloid; lat. 1. 50, tubes arborescent, TER gy es
One specimen, 270 mm. in length, procured by the ss. Preter Faure by shrimp trawl, 26 fms., Amatikulu Conical Hill NW. 74 miles.
Five smaller specimens, ranging from 142 mm. to 178 mm. in length, procured by the ss. Pieter Faure by shrimp trawl, 12-14 fms., off South Head of Tugela River, appear to belong to this species. They differ in having the caudal distinctly wedge- shaped, the middle ray being longest; the scales are ciliated; and the canine on each upper jaw is sometimes double—some- times that on the right and sometimes that on the left.
NOD
Faminry ACANTHURIDA.
ACANTHURUS TRIOSTEGUS, L.
Teeth, 7 to 8 lobate incisors on either side of upper jaw, and 9 on each side of lower jaw. Depth of body 14 to 2 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 to 34 times. Snout 3 to 3+ times diameter of eye, which is 13 to 1,4 times in interorbital width and 44 to 5 times in length of head. Snout slightly concave, a slight protuberance over eyes.
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 185
Dorsal viii-ix 22-23; spines moderately strong, subequal from the 4th or 5th and about 4 length of head; the longest spine is about the length of the longest soft rays, sometimes slightly longer or shorter. Pectorals 14 times in length of head. Ventrals + length of head. Anal iii 20; spines strong; 3rd longest, nearly the length of the longest dorsal spines and slightly shorter than the anal rays. Caudal emarginate. Spine short, about 4 diameter of eye. Scales cycloid and rudimentary on head, and ctenoid on body.
Colour (of preserved specimens), brown, with six transverse black bands—the first goes through eyes, the second from 1st spine, and the last consisting of a band over the caudal peduncle and on each side with a gap in the middle. A fainter sinuous dark band passes along the ventral aspect of the body on each side—not present, however, in the small specimen.
Four specimens, 165 mm., 140 mm., 135 mm. and 47 mm, in length respectively, the first three from Durban Museum, the last—an immature specimen—from Mr. Robinson, Natal, who states it is found among rocks.
ACANTHURUS MATOIDES, C. and V. (Surgeon.)
Teeth, 8 lobate incisors on either side of upper jaw, and 8 or 9 on either side of lower jaw. Depth of body twice in total length excluding caudal, length of head nearly 4 times. Snout 32 times diameter of eye, which is 1% times in interorbital width and 51 times in length of head. Profile from snout to orbit distinctly convex; distance from anterior nostril to front edge of upper
by)
jaw nearly 2 length of head and equals distance from eye to angle of mouth; opercle striated; cleft of mouth small.
Dorsal ix 26; spines of moderate strength ; 1st spine concealed, remainder subequal from 5th and not quite as high as soft rays, about } length of head. Pectorals nearly as long as the head. Ventrals nearly * length of head. Anal ii 25; spines strong ; 3rd longest, over 2 length of head and nearly 3 height of longest dorsal spine; soft rays rather shorter than those of soft dorsal. Caudal deeply emarginate, outer rays elongated, causing the fin to be deeply lunated in its last half. Spine 14 times diameter of eye. Free portion of caudal at its lowest part about 21 times diameter of eye or slightly more than 2 length of head. Scales
0
ctenoid on body, rudimentary and cycloid on head and shoulders.
186 Annals of the South African Museum,
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark brown, a tinge of yellow on margin of pectorals and a faint tinge on margin of caudal.
One specimen, 329 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal, taken off Durban Breakwater.
A second and smaller specimen, 149 mm. in length, from the Durban Museum seems to be an immature form of the above. It differs from it in the following respects: Snout 2* times diameter of eye, which is 14 times in interorbital width and 4 times in length of head. Snout slightly concave; distance from anterior nostril to front edge of upper jaw 2 length of head and equals distance from eye to angle of mouth. Dorsal ix 25. Pectorals as long as head, ventrals slightly shorter. Anal ii 24. Free portion of tail at lowest part about 1,%, times diameter of eye. Spine equals diameter of eye. Scales ctenoid on body and head.
Faminpy CARANGIDAL.
CHORINEMUS SANCTI-PETRI, C. and V. (Five-fingers.)
Teeth, in 2 rows on lower jaw; 2 rows in upper jaw, becoming single in last fifth of upper jaw: teeth on vomer in triangular patch ; on palate in a broad, elongate band; and on tongue. Depth of body 33 times in total length excluding caudal, 44 times including caudal ; length of head 5 times. Snout 13 times diameter of eye, which is nearly twice in interorbital width and over 54 times in length of head. Profile behind orbits slightly concave; cleft of mouth deep and slightly oblique, maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior margin of orbits, lower jaw longer than upper.
Dorsal vi, i 20; spines flattened, laterally expanded into a lanceolate form, each spine does not extend to the base of the one next it. Second dorsal commences about midway between caudal and snout; its first portion elevated, nearly 2 length of head, about 4 height of body, and 4, longer than anterior anal rays; the last 9 rays are semi-detached, the last ray a little elongated. Pectorals nearly 2 length of head. Ventrals nearly 2 length of head. Anal ui, i 18, resembles soft dorsal; detached spines moderately strong, 2nd spine longest and about 4 height of anterior soft rays. Caudal deeply forked. Scales lanceolate and pointed in their exposed portions, behind which they end in a narrow peduncle about 4 the
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 187
entire length. Lateral line almost straight on posterior half of body, rising to a slight angle about in line with 8rd spine of 1st dorsal fin, and wavy anteriorly.
Colour (of preserved specimen), bluish-gray above lateral line, white below, an indistinct row of rounded dark spots 8 or 9 in number above lateral line and a row of about 4 larger dark blotches below lateral line between pectorals and anal, soft dorsal black anteriorly.
One specimen, 358 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal. This fish differs from C. sancti-petri described by authors in the teeth and the few spines of dorsal, and may be a new species; but only one specimen was available for examination, and these features may not be constant.
TRACHYNOTUS OBLONGUS, C. and V.
Depth of body about 2% times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 34 to 33 times. Snout slightly longer than diameter of eye, which is 13 to 12 times in interorbital width and about 4 to 41 times in length of head. Dorsal and abdominal profiles about equally convex; snout obtuse; maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of orbits; central longitudinal line on head distinctly marked.
Dorsal vii, 1 23; spines of moderate strength; anterior rays of 2nd dorsal prolonged, nearly the length of the head and about + the base of the fin, if laid back they reach to behind the middle of the fin. Pectorals about 2 length of head. Ventrals about 4 length of head, and reach to vent. Anal u, i 20; first rays produced similar to soft dorsal and about same height. Caudal deeply forked, central rays 34 times in the longest outer ones. Scales cycloid, small and in irregular rows; lateral line nearly straight, curving slightly and wavy anteriorly.
Colour (of preserved specimens), three or four dark blotches above lateral line, first rays of dorsal and anal dark.
Three specimens, 153 mm., 159 mm., 152 mm. in length respec- tively. The first from Durban Museum; the other two procured from fishermen at Natal, caught in seine net on beach of Inner Harbour, Durban.
TRACHYNOTUS OvATUS, L.
Depth of body 2+ times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 times. Snout about 14 times diameter of eye, which is about half the interorbital width and nearly 4} times in length of head. Snout very obtuse and projects beyond mouth; upper lip
188 Annals of the South African Museum.
slightly longer than lower, cleft of mouth slightly oblique, maxillary reaches almost to vertical of middle of orbits; eyes in lower half of head; the profile of head from dorsal fin to snout rounded.
Dorsal vi, 1 23; spines of Ist dorsal very short; anterior ray of soft dorsal highest, length of head and nearly $ height of body, when laid back reaching beyond centre of fin, the last 17 rays parallel with curve of back. Pectorals, upper rays longest, over # length of head. Ventrals nearly 4 length of head. Anal ii, i 20; similar to soft dorsal, but anterior rays only 7 the height; last 15 rays parallel with abdominal curve. Caudal forked (damaged in specimen). Lateral line ascends slightly anteriorly, then curves irregularly downwards to opposite the base of the 10th or 11th ray of soft dorsal and thence proceeds straight to caudal. Scales cycloid.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark above, white below.
One specimen, 258 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
PULATAX TEIRA, Forsk.
Depth of body slightly over total length excluding caudal, length of head 31 times in total length excluding caudal. Snout equals interorbital width and is about 14 times diameter of eye, which is 3% times in length of head. Profile of head and snout very obtuse ; cleft of mouth small, maxillary scarcely reaches to anterior margin of eye; greatest depth of preorbital equals § diameter of eye; angle of preoperculum rounded and entire.
Dorsal v 31; anterior soft rays very prolonged, equal the total length of the body including caudal. Pectorals ? length of head. Ventrals, upper rays prolonged, equal + length of body without caudal or 22 times length of head. Anal ii 24; similar to soft dorsal, but rays not so prolonged, about {®, height of longest soft ray of dorsal. Caudal with central rays slightly prolonged, making posterior end of fin slightly concave in either half. Scales ctenoid ; lat. 1. 62, irregularly curved.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark with three faint black bands across head and body; ventrals black.
One specimen, 126 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
EQUULA EDENTULA, BI. (Slimy.) Teeth, a single row of villiform teeth on upper jaw, a narrow band on lower. Depth of body 1* times to twice in total length
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 189
excluding caudal, length of head 3} times. Snout equals interorbital width and is slightly greater than diameter of eye, which is about 31 times in length of head. Dorsal profile more convex than abdominal; a concavity over the occiput; interorbital cavity nearly twice as long as wide; a pair of small spines above anterior upper angle of each orbit, the distance between their outer edges being 22 times in length of head; cleft of mouth small, lips thick, the upper very slightly projecting over lower, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits; lower edge of preoperculum nearly straight and finely serrated.
Dorsal viii 15-16; spines weak and flexible; 2nd spine longest, 8 to 2 length of head; 3rd and 4th spines sometimes serrated anteriorly. Pectorals about $# length of head. Ventrals about length of head and with a long lanceolate scale with a hard rib next to the spine, which is strong. Anal iii 14, spines moderately strong; 2nd spine strongest and longest, about 4 length of head. Caudal forked, free portion of tail about as high as long. Seales covering body but absent on chest. Lateral line curves rather irregularly, 62-65 tubes, ceases immediately before base of caudal.
Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform brown.
Two specimens, 156 mm., 157 mm. in length respectively, the former from Mr. Robinson, Natal, the latter procured by the ss. Pieter Faure from the Inner Harbour, Durban.
GAZZA HQUULAZFORMIS, Rupp.
Teeth, a row of small sharp-pointed teeth on upper jaw, with a large slightly curved canine on each side of symphysis; a row of curved pointed teeth on lower jaw getting larger anteriorly, those at the symphysis being very small. Depth of body 21 to 24 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head nearly 31 times. Snout equals the interorbital width and is slightly less than diameter of eye, which is about 3 times in length of head. Supra-orbital ridge feebly serrated; two small spines above the anterior third of eye, the distance between them being about 4+ length of head; preoperculum with lower margin serrated and angle rounded ; maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin of orbits ; mouth very protractile.
Dorsal viii 15; originates behind base of pectorals, spines weak ; 1st spine minute, 2nd longest, 2 length of head. Pectorals ;', length of head. Ventrals from 4 to nearly 4 length of head. Anal iii 14 ; 2nd spine longest, over 2 length of head and nearly ? length of and
190 Annals of the South African Musewm.
slightly stronger than longest dorsal spine. Caudal forked. The lateral line appears to cease on the right side near end of soft dorsal, on the left it is continued to caudal, and consists of about 56 tubes.
Colour (of preserved specimen), grey above silvery below, a series of irregular dark lines between back and lateral line, fine black dots over head and body.
Two specimens, 122 mm. and 135 mm. in length respectively, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
Famiry SCOMBRIDA.
SCOMBER BRACHYSOMA, Bleek. (Mackerel.)
Depth of body 32 times in total length excluding caudal, 3? times with caudal; length of head 32 times. Snout slightly longer than diameter of eye, which is about } less than interorbital width and 3+ times in length of head. Eye with a broad anterior and posterior adipose lid; cleft of mouth deep, lower jaw slightly longer than upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior third of orbits ; greatest depth of preorbital 2 diameter of eye, length 2 length of head, concealing maxillary bone; interorbital space flat.
Dorsal x, i 11, v; spines weak, 2nd spine longest, nearly ? length of head or about 4 depth of body; distance between the two dorsal fins equals about 4 length of base of soft fin; finlets are just behind the soft dorsal, and opposite and similar to those of anal. Pectorals short, about 4 length of head. Ventrals 2 length of head. Anal i 11, v; about same height and length as 2nd dorsal fin. Caudal deeply forked. Scales cycloid; 2nd dorsal and anal covered with minute oblong scales. Lat..1. ca. 146, Lat. tr. 43.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark above, silvery below.
One specimen, 201 mm. in length, from Mr, Robinson, Natal.
Famiry URANOSCOPIDA.
URANOSCOPUS OCCIDENTALIS, Agass.
Teeth, in villiform bands on jaws, vomer and palatines, with two strong rather widely separated larger teeth posteriorly on lower jaw.
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 191
Depth of body nearly 32 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 38 times; greatest width of head slightly greater than its length. Snout § diameter of eye, which equals interorbital width and is 41 times in length of head. LHyes situated at upper surface of head and far forward; cleft of mouth nearly vertical, lower lip with papilla, lower jaw projects; anterior nostril with a flap; preoperculum with 4 or 5 spines on lower limb; preorbital with 2 strong spines; 2 spines on scapula; a long strong spine on humerus 1} times diameter of eye in length ; 2 bony projections or blunt spines on occiput; posterior edge of membrane of opercle fringed ; a sharp spine, pointing forward, on each side of isthmus anteriorly.
Dorsal iv 13; spines very weak and flexible, about 4+ length of head; longest soft rays 14 times height of spines, remainder decreasing posteriorly. Pectorals ?, ventrals 2 length of head. Anal 13; rays lower anteriorly and lengthening posteriorly to about height of longest rays of soft dorsal. Caudal + length of head, slightly rounded. Lateral line curves slightly upwards from shoulder to extremity of spinous dorsal and continues close to base of soft dorsal for the rest of its length. Scales on head and fore part of body embedded in skin, on remainder of body in diagonal rows.
Colour (of preserved specimen), yellowish brown, spinous dorsal black.
One specimen, 122 mm. in length, caught by the ss. Pieter Fawre in shrimp trawl, 46-55 fms., mud and sand, Tugela River mouth N. by W. 18 miles.
Famity TRACHINIDA.
PERCIS NEBULOSA, C. and V. (Sand Smelt.)
Teeth, an anterior row of about a dozen enlarged and slightly curved teeth on upper jaw, and about 8 strong recurved teeth anteriorly on lower jaw, with some enlarged lateral teeth on mandibles ; a curved row of rounded teeth on vomer. Depth of body 62 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 times. Snout about 24 times greatest diameter of eye, which is slightly less than interorbital width and a little over 54 times in length of head. Head flat, its height nearly 4 its length, and its
oO “
192 Annals of the South African Museum.
9°
greatest width nearly 3 its length; snout depressed, lower jaw slightly longer, maxillary reaches almost to vertical of anterior margin of orbits; greatest depth of preorbital nearly 1} times diameter of eye; preoperculum entire, suboperculum with 2 or 3 serrations, operculum with a well-defined spine.
Dorsal v 22; spines strong, 3rd and 4th equal about 12 times diameter of eye and nearly + length of head; soft rays about twice diameter of eye and nearly 2 length of head, membranes deeply incised. Pectorals rather truncate, shorter than ventrals and nearly 2 length of head. Anal i 18; soft rays a little longer than those of soft dorsal; membranes deeply incised. Caudal truncate or very slightly rounded, the outer rays above and below a little prolonged. Scales, 5 rows between lateral line and base of 1st dorsal; lat. 1. 77, lat. tr. 53.
Colour (of preserved specimen), grey, dorsally with about 8 bands of the same colour, ventrally an indistinct broad white band from pectorals to caudal, and a black spot on upper part of base of caudal.
One specimen, 220 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
SILLAGO sSIHAMA, Forsk. (Smelt.)
Teeth, villiform bands on both jaws; a semicircular band on vomer. Depth of body 54 to 6 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 34 to 3% times. Snout twice the diameter of the eye, which equals the interorbital width and is 43 to 44 times in length of head. Snout pointed; greatest width of head about equals its height and is 4 its length; upper jaw slightly longer and overlaps the lower; cleft of mouth small; vertical limb of preoperculum finely serrated ; operculum with a well-developed spine.
Dorsal xi, i 21; spines of anterior dorsal weak and flexible, 2nd and 3rd spines subequal and ,®, height of body below them ; 2nd dorsal highest anteriorly, where it equals about 2 height of body. Pectorals 4 to 2 length of head, and slightly longer than ventrals. Anal 11 23-24; below and similar to soft dorsal, but not quite so high. Caudal emarginate. Scales, 54 to 6 rows between lateral line and last spine of anterior dorsal. Lat. 1. 70, lat. tr. 4.
Colour (of preserved specimens), greenish grey.
Two specimens, 140 mm., 142 mm. in length respectively, procured by the ss. Pieter Faure in shrimp trawl, 1 to 34 fms. sand and shells, in Bluff Channel, Durban Bay. The fish occurs abundantly in Durban Harbour, and is known as the ‘‘ Smelt.”
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 193
SILLAGO CHONDROPUS, Bleek.
Teeth, villiform in both jaws, a broad band on yomer. Depth of body nearly 6 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4 times. Snout 3 times diameter of eye, which is 14 times in inter- orbital width and 7 times in length of head. Head depressed, profile in an almost straight line from nape to snout; preoperculum finely serrated ; operculum with a strong flat spine ; cleft of mouth small, maxillary scarcely reaches vertical of anterior nostril; greatest width of head about 4 its length, greatest depth a little less than half; a deep open pore below symphysis of lower jaw.
Dorsal xi, i 20; spines of 1st dorsal flexible, the 2nd and 3rd spines being subequal a little over + length of head and about + the height of the body below them; 2nd dorsal is higher anteriorly, yo the height of longest spine of 1st dorsal. Pectorals a little more than 4 length of head, covered with scales on their lower half. Ventrals + length of head, the spine shortened and thickened into a falciform club 7, the length of the longest ray. Anal i 23; similar to soft dorsal but not so high. Caudal (damaged in specimen) covered with scales on lower half. Scales in regular horizontal rows, extending over cheeks, below eyes as far forward as the anterior nostril, and on dorsal and anal fins. Lateral line descends very gently to posterior third of body. Lat. 1. 70, lat. tr. 55.
Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform grey.
One specimen, 300 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
Faminy COTTIDA.
PLATYCEPHALUS SCABER, Giinth,
Teeth, a narrow band on upper jaw, broadened at symphysis, a single series laterally on lower jaw merging into about 3 rows at symphysis; two small patches on vomer, an elongated band on each palatine. Depth of body 64 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 2,7, times. Snout equals diameter of eye, which is 23 times interorbital width and 3,7, times in length of head. Inter- orbital space concave; greatest width of head ? its length, greatest height a little over 2 length, head and snout depressed; width of mouth about 24 times its depth, maxillary reaches vertical of anterior third of orbits; 2 or 3 strong spines at anterior upper margin of orbits ; supraorbital margin serrated, from it a spinate ridge extends
13
194 Annals of the South African Museum.
to occiput; a similar ridge ending in two spines at the beginning of the lateral line goes from posterior margin of eye to shoulder; a ridge proceeds from upper anterior edge of preorbital to angle of preoperculum ending in a strong spine + diameter of eye in length with 2 small ones below it; lower anterior margin of preorbital with 3 spines; a bony ridge round nostrils; 2 opercular spines; eyes large and placed almost on upper surface of head.
Dorsal i, vii 12; spines of 1st dorsal moderately strong, the 2nd and 3rd spines about equal and slightly over 2 length of head; 2nd dorsal about the same height. Pectorals 21; 4 length of head. Ventrals 7, length of head, reaching to in line with 5th anal ray. Anal 12; commences slightly behind the vertical of Ist ray of soft dorsal; rays about 2 length of longest spines of dorsal. Caudal truncate, about 4 length of head. Scales, 3 rows between lateral line and base of dorsal. Lateral line with 55 strong double spines directed backwards extending along its entire length.
Colour (of preserved specimen), white; the fins, especially the 1st dorsal, blackish.
One specimen, 134 mm. in length, procured by the ss. Pieter Faure in shrimp trawl W. of Umblangu River, Cape Natal lighthouse SW. 4 W. 8 miles.
PLATYCEPHALUS INSIDIATOR, Forsk.
Depth of body 82 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head a little more than 34 times. Snout 2+ times diameter of eye, which is 12 times in interorbital width and a little more than 74 times in length of head. Head strongly depressed; the upper surface being of triangular shape, the base being a line drawn from one preopercular spine to its fellow, and the width of base + length of head ; the ridges on the head are scarcely prominent. Lower jaw longer than upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of orbits ; eyes superior, interorbital space slightly concave; two ridges extending backwards from each eye, the inner dividing at the occiput, the outer ridge ending at the shoulder in two blade-like spines; a low blunt spine in front of each eye close to posterior nostril ; preorbital with three ridges starting in a stellate form from a common centre; preoperculum with most of its surface forming a portion of the flattened upper plane of the head, with 2 strong spines at its angle, the lower of which is most developed and 2 diameter of eye in length; operculum with 2 inconspicuous spines.
Dorsal i, vii 14; a small stout spine before the spinous dorsal, of which latter the spines are weak, the lst spine longest and nearly
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 195
4 length of head, the succeeding spines shortening posteriorly ; anterior rays of soft dorsal about same height as the longest spine, membranes very emarginate. Pectorals a little over 4 length of head. Ventrals 2 length of head and reach to origin of anal. Anal 13; rays about same height as longest spine of dorsal ; membranes of anterior rays very emarginate, leaving more than half the ray free, and posteriorly each ray seems to be free for its whole length. Caudal same length as pectorals, slightly rounded.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark brown above, light below ; upper lobe of caudal with two oblique dark bands, lower lobe with one.
One specimen, 323 mm. in length, from Durban.
This is apparently a young fish, differing in some respects from Day’s description of P. imsidiator, but on the whole apparently belongs to that species.
Famiry SPHYRAINIDA.
SPHYRHZNA JELLO, C. and V.
Teeth, a series of long isolated canines on upper jaw, a series of smaller ones on lower with a large canine at symphysis. Depth of body a little over 6+ times in total length excluding caudal, length of head nearly 34 times. Distance from eye to point of snout nearly 3 times diameter of eye, which is 1,%, times in interorbital width and 63 times in length of head; height of head nearly 2 its length, width over + its length. Interorbital space slightly concave ; snout long and pointed ; cleft of mouth wide, lower jaw longer than upper and with a fleshy tubercle at end of symphysis, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin of orbits ; angle of preoperculum obliquely rounded ; operculum with two points.
Dorsal vy 19; first dorsal commences a little behind vertical of origin of ventrals, at a distance from posterior margin of orbits equal to the space between its last spine and the origin of the soft dorsal ; 1st spine longest, 5%; length of head, remaining spines shortening successively to about 4 the height of the first. Anterior soft rays of 2nd dorsal nearly 2 length of head, emarginate. Pectorals 14, 2 length of head. Ventrals + length of head. Anal i 9; com- mences behind vertical of origin of soft dorsal, about same height but the base not so long. Caudal + length of head, forked, outer rays produced into a filament. Depth of body about the same from
196 Annals of the South African Museum.
head to origin of anal, thickness a little over } depth. Scales small; lateral line tubes distinct, 120.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark grey above lateral line, white below.
A single specimen, 425 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
Famity GLYPHIDODONTIDA.
GLYPHIDODON C@LESTINUS, Soland. (Isibubu lungwana.)
Teeth, in a single row on each jaw, crowns notched. Depth of body 1+ to 2 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 31 to 33 times. Snout equal to or slightly less than diameter of eye, which is about 1? to 14 times in interorbital width and 31 to 34 times in length of head. Greatest width of preorbital 2 to 2 diameter of eye, suborbital ring narrow ; maxillary reaches scarcely to vertical of anterior margin of orbits; angle of preoperculum rounded and roughened or slightly serrated; a spine on opercle; profile from eyes to origin of dorsal convex; cleft of mouth small, oblique.
Dorsal xiii 13; spines strong, 4th to 6th longest and about 3 length of head; soft portion of fin pointed, 4th and 5th rays longest and 14 times to twice as high as longest spines. Pectorals from a little more than 1 to 1+ times length of head, and about the same length as or slightly longer than ventrals, which reach to the origin of the anal, the first ray being prolonged. Anal ii 12; 2nd spine strong and slightly longer than longest spines of dorsal; soft portion of fin similar to and about the same height as soft dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe slightly longer than lower, 14 to 12
length of head. Scales extend over head to front margin of the eyes.
Lat. 1. 30, lat. tr. <5.
Colour (of preserved specimens), grey, with five transverse bars; a dark spot on base of pectorals.
Two specimens, 108 mm. and 120 mm. in length respectively, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
GLYPHIDODON soRDIDUS, Forsk.
Teeth, a single row on each jaw, crowns notched. Depth of body 12 to 1+ times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 to
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 197
3¢ times. Snout slightly less than interorbital width and } to + greater than diameter of eye, which is 31 to 32 times in length of head. Greatest width of preorbital 2 to £ diameter of eye, sub- orbitals about } as wide; maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior nostril; a spine on opercle ; profile from snout to dorsal fin ascends abruptly.
Dorsal xiii 15; 5th to 7th spines longest and from } to 3 length of head; soft portion of fin higher than long, the middle rays about = length of head. Pectorals a little longer than head, ventrals slightly shorter. Anal ii 15-16; 2nd spine strong and about same length as longest spine of dorsal; soft portion of fin similar to and about the same height as soft dorsal. Caudal forked, nearly equals length of head. Lat. 1. 28, interrupted ; lat. tr. sea
Colour (of preserved specimens), dark grey ; faint transverse bands on body, fins of darker colour except pectorals, tips of soft dorsal and anal light, a spot at base of pectorals and a larger one on body at junction of soft dorsal and caudal peduncle, a row of dark spots across nape ; some specimens are without these markings.
Three specimens, 78 mm., 85 mm., 99 mm. in length respectively, from Mr. Robinson, Natal; frequents rock-pools.
Famiry LABRIDAS.
CossyPHuUS NIGROMACULATUS, N. Sp.
A posterior canine tooth present. Depth of body nearly 2? times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 times. Snout nearly twice diameter of eye, which is 14 times in interorbital width and slightly more than 5 times in length of head. Upper profile of head almost straight, snout pointed; eyes placed rather high up, interorbital space convex; cleft of mouth slightly oblique, jaws equal, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin of orbits ; preoperculum minutely serrated at its rounded angle.
Dorsal xii 10; 2nd spine longest, about 5% length of head; soft portion of fin higher than spinous, rays lower anteriorly, rising to about 2 length of head. Pectorals a little more than 2 length of head. Ventrals with first two rays produced, about + length of head and reaching to origin of anal. Anal iii 12; spines weak, soft portion of fin similar to soft dorsal. Caudal emarginate, outer rays
198 Annals of the South African Musewm.
produced and nearly as long as head. Lat. 1. 33, lat. tr. 77; ; seven series of scales between lateral line and base of dorsal.
Colour (of preserved specimen), greyish pink, a large black spot between lateral line and soft dorsal extending on to base of fin; spinous dorsal black; a black spot on distal anterior edge of pectorals ; scales on posterior half of body covered with minute dark specks.
One specimen, 240 mm. in length, procured from line-fishermen at Durban; caught outside of harbour.
JULIS UMBROSTIGMA, Riipp. (Parrot-fish.)
No posterior canine. Depth of body 3 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head nearly 32 times. Snout more than 2% times diameter of eye, which is a little less than 4 interorbital width and 74 times in length of head. Cleft of mouth slightly oblique, jaws equal, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior nostril.
Dorsal viii 13 ; commences above base of pectorals, spines weak. Pectorals 16, nearly # length of head. Ventrals 2 length of head. Anal ii 11. Caudal same length as pectorals, sub-truncate. Scales on body comparatively large, cycloid. Lateral line tubes branched, curve very flat, running in a straight line from head to posterior third of soft dorsal before it descends. Lat. 1. 27, lat. tr. 55.
Colour (of preserved specimen), brown, with green and red longi- tudinal stripes on body ; dark bands radiate from the orbits to middle of operculum.
One specimen, 222 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal, who says that the fish is known on the Natal coast as the Parrot-fish, and is caught amongst rocks.
JULIS LUNARIS, L.
Depth of body 34 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4 times. Snout twice diameter of eye, which is 12 times in interorbital width and 5% times in length of head. Jaws equal, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior nostril; infra-orbital ring striated, and strie radiating from posterior margin of eye backwards to operculum and upwards to nape.
Dorsal viii 13; spines weak, low and gradually lengthening slightly ; soft rays progressively lengthening a little. Pectorals # and ventrals = length of head. Anal ii 11; similar to soft dorsal.
5
Caudal lunate, outer lobes much produced and 13 times length of
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 199
head; a row of oblong scales at base. Scale large and striated ; lat. 1. 25, lat. tr. 8.
Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform light yellowish brown, head darker ; an oblong dark spot on pectorals,
One specimen, 152 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
JULIS TRILOBATA, Lacép.
No posterior canine. Depth of body about equals length of head and is about 32 times in total length excluding caudal. Snout 33 times diameter of eye, which is 24 times in interorbital width and 94 times in length of head. Cleft of mouth lateral, jaws equal, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin of eye.
Dorsal viii 13; spines weak and lower than soft rays; the first and the last soft rays are shorter, the middle rays subequal and a little over ;8, length of head. Pectorals 16; angular, upper rays longest and * length of head. Ventrals 2 length of head. Anal iii 11; anteriorly about the same height as middle rays of soft dorsal, decreasing slightly in length posteriorly. Caudal sub-trun- cate, emarginate, + length of head, rays divided. Liat. 1. 28, lat. tr. ;8,, tubes branched ; the curve of the lateral line is long and low, running parallel to dorsal profile from the head to in line with base of 9th ray of anal.
Colour (of preserved specimen), green, with a broad dark stripe along upper part of body, a white stripe extending from operculum to root of caudal along middle of body, a third white stripe at a low level extending from root of caudal to pectorals; a white stripe on dorsal and anal.
One specimen, 245 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
CHEILIO INERMIS, Forsk.
Depth of body 6: times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 31 times. Snout 35 times diameter of eye, which equals interorbital width and is 8 times in length of head. Lower jaw slightly longer than upper; snout long and pointed; interorbital space slightly concave; preoperculum slightly emarginate on each side of the rounded angle.
Dorsal ix 13; spines weak, soft-rayed portion of fin slightly higher than spinous and about } length of head. Pectorals } length of head, rays divided. Ventrals 1 length of head. Anal iii 13; similar to soft dorsal. Caudal nearly 4 length of head, slightly rounded, Scales cycloid; two rows below the eyes posteriorly, a
200 Annals of the South African Museum.
fewon opercle. Lateral line tubes branching freely at posterior end. Lat. 1. 47, lat. tr. 55.
Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform brown.
One specimen, 390 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
Famiry GONORHYNCHIDAL.
GONORHYNCHUS GREYI, Richards.
Depth of body 10% to 102 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4% times. Snout about twice diameter of eye, which is a little less than interorbital width and 5 to 51 times in length of head.
Dorsal 11; 1st ray short, about 2 length of 2nd, which is a little more than 4 length of head and nearly subequal with 3rd and 4th ; succeeding rays decrease in height posteriorly. Pectorals 4 length of head. Ventrals 9; about 4 length of head. Anal 9; similar to dorsal but not so high. Caudal forked, 4 to } length of head.
Colour (of preserved specimens), pale brown, darker above than below. Pectorals black with a white edge, dorsal, anal, and ventrals with terminal portions black edged with white, caudal with black centre ; scales speckled with minute red dots, especially above the lateral line.
Two specimens, 180 mm. and 193 mm. in length respectively, procured by the ss. Pieter Fawre in shrimp trawl, 26 fms., mud and sand, Amatikulu River mouth NW. 4 N. 94 miles.
Famity SCOMBRESOCIDA.
TyLOSURUS CHORAM, Forsk.
No vomerine teeth; asperities on tongue. Depth of body 16 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 34 times. Snout 64 times diameter of eye, which is 12 times in interorbital width and 10,8, times in length of head. Interorbital space broad and flat, superciliary region striated ; maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin of eye and concealed by preorbital; lower jaw projects beyond upper. Top of head with a flat bony plate over its entire breadth and reaching through striated interorbital region to front of
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 201
eyes, where there is a transverse groove. Eyes large, situated on upper margin of head and occupying two-thirds of its depth, their diameter being between 2 and 4 of the length of postorbital portion of the head.
Dorsal 23 ; situated in posterior third of body, commencing in line with origin of anal and reaching nearly to caudal; low, the anterior rays about + length of head, the middle ones about 4 length of head, the remainder shortening and again lengthening posteriorly to nearly + length of head and slightly filamentous. Pectorals + length of head. Ventrals ? length of head, situated about midway between anterior margin of eye and origin of caudal. Anal 21; anterior rays nearly as high as longest rays of dorsal, posterior rays low. Caudal forked, inferior lobe longest and a little more than } length of head. Free portion of tail compressed and the lateral line forms a keel on each side of it.
Colour (of preserved specimen), greenish above, silvery below.
The fish does not exactly correspond to the description of Bellone (Tylosurus) choram, Giinth., and resembles in some respects B. annulata.
One specimen, 336 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
“Faminy CLUPEIDA.
ENGRAULIS VITRIROSTRIS, 0. sp. (Glass-nose.)
Teeth, fine, a row on each jaw, two patches on vomer, a band on palatines, and covering the tongue. Depth of body 34 to nearly 32 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 42 times. Snout j to § diameter of eye, which equals or is slightly less than interorbital width and is 4} to 4° times in length of head. Eyes subcutaneous ; snout obtuse and projects slightly beyond upper jaw ; maxillary produced beyond gill-opening to a little beyond the base of the pectorals ; opercle rather more than twice as high as broad ; gill-rakers about 4 diameter of eye in length, 21-24 in horizontal limb of outer branchial arch.
Dorsal i 12 ; commences nearly midway between base of caudal and point of snout; spine short and separate from soft rays. Pectorals 3 to + length of head, reach to origin of ventrals, which are very small, about } length of head. Anal 41; commences behind
202 Annals of the South African Museum.
vertical of last ray of dorsal. Caudal nearly as long as head, forked. Seales moderately large, cycloid; 16 scutes anterior to, 9 behind base of ventrals.
Colour (of preserved specimens), silvery, shot with gold, back a darker shade, venules on shoulder.
Three specimens, two 178 mm. each in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal; one 159 mm. in length, procured by Pieter Faure (ss.) from Inner Harbour, Durban.
PELLONA NATALENSIS, Nn. sp.
Teeth on jaws, palate, vomer, and tongue. Depth of body 23 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3% times. Snout nearly + diameter of eye, which is 12 times interorbital width and 2% times in length of head. Ridges on occiput converge very slightly posteriorly and meet anteriorly; mouth opens on superior side, lower jaw projects beyond upper; maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior nostril; eyes large and situated high up, occupying upper half of head. Dorsal profile almost straight, abdominal profile convex.
Dorsal 17; situated about midway between point of snout and base of caudal. Pectorals * length of head. Ventrals situated just in front of vertical of origin of dorsal and very small, about 4 dia- meter of eye in length. Anal 37; commences below posterior margin of dorsal, length of base 24 times in total length of body excluding caudal. Caudal forked, as long as the head. Scales, 16 scutes anterior to and 8 posterior to ventral fins.
One specimen, 140 mm. in length, procured by the ss. Pieter Faure in shrimp trawl, 24 fms., mud, South Head Tugela River N. by W. 44 miles.
Famity CHIROCENTRIDA.
CHIROCENTRUS DORAB, Forsk.
Teeth, a pair of long, sharp, approximating canines near centre of premaxillaries, the remainder of the teeth in the upper jaw sharp and straight, becoming smaller posteriorly; lower jaw with long, sharp, laterally compressed, isolated teeth, the Ist short, rising to 3rd and 4th, and again becoming successively shorter posteriorly and more and more directed backwards, the last forming an acute angle with the jaw; a few card-like teeth on palatine bones and
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 203
vomer, and fine teeth on tongue. Depth of body 6,3, times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 52 times. Snout about 1} times diameter of eye, which is 42 times in length of head; interorbital width 3 diameter of eye. Upper lip terminating anteriorly in a short pointed flap, lower jaw projecting strongly beyond upper, and chin pronounced; maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of orbits ; interorbital space convex; profile of head low and snout somewhat pointed.
Dorsal 17; situated in posterior third of body above anal, rays short and decreasing in length posteriorly. Pectorals # length of head, with a long ossified appendage at base superiorly. Ventrals 7; very short, about + length of head and commencing about midway between point of snout and base of caudal. Anal 32; 2nd ray about 5 length of head, remainder shortening posteriorly. Abdomen with short hair-like rays on its margin. Caudal deeply forked, i} times length of head. Lateral line indistinct.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark above, silvery below.
One specimen, 403 mm. in length, from Mr. Robinson, Natal.
LIST OF SPECIES DESCRIBED.
( 204 )
Famity PERCIDA.
Aulacocephalus temminckii, Bleek Grammistes sexlineatus, Thunb. Lutianus salmonoides, n. sp. ... Priacanhtus cruentatus, Lacép
ae arenatus, C. and V. Ambassis natalensis, n. sp. Apogon natalensis, n. sp. Kuhlia teeniura, C. and V. Therapon jarbua, Forsk. Pristipoma bennettii, Lowe
Ne hasta, Bl. ...
7 operculare, Playfair
“3 striatum, n. sp.
4 teniophorus, Regan
= multimaculatum, Playfair Diagramma crassispinum, Riipp
5 durbanense, n. sp. Dentex miles, n. sp.
», natalensis, n. sp. axe »» preorbitalis, Gunth. ...
Gerres longirostris, Giinth. Dinoperca queketti, Bley.
Famiry SQUAMIPINNES.
Cheetodon setifer, Bloch. Heniochus macrolepidotus, L. Holacanthus rhomboides, n. sp. Drepane punctata, L. ... Scorpis lithophilus, n. sp.
FAmIny
Upeneoides vittatus, Forsk. Upeneus queketti, n. sp. a indicus, Shaw
MULLID.
PAGE
... 145
. 145 snl 46 vey 147, ... 148 mel 48
2 149 sce 49 ... 150 ono, aliayll ee ehoz
. 152 ... 153 soe alia} ... 154
. 154
. 155 .. 155 ... 156 bon 1ka5e/ soa Wists)
. 158
soa BY . 160 son H(i 2a) 62 . 162
. 163 ... 163 . 164
List of Species Described.
Faminry SPARIDZ.
Crenidens forskalii, C. and V. Box salpa, L. see Dipterodon capensis, C. and v. Cantharus sneus, n. sp.
3 natalensis, n. sp. ... Sargus cervinus, Lowe. Lethrinus scoparius, n. sp. Pagrus nigripinnis, Blgr. Chrysophrys robinsoni, n. sp....
90 estuarius, 0. Sp. ... a natalensis, Cast.... 5 anglicus, n. sp. ... op dentatus, n. sp. ... 50 puniceus, n. sp. ...
Cyphosus fuscus, Lacép.
Famiry CIRRHITIDA. Cirrhitichthys maculatus, Lacép.
Famity SCORPAINIDA.
Pterois miles, Benn. Apistus faurei, n. sp. Minous superciliosus, n. sp.
Famity KURTIDA.
Pempheris molucca, C. and V.
Famity POLYNEMID.
Polynemus sextarius, Bl. an See sete sa Oot
ve teniatus, Gunth. ...
Famity SCLHNIDA,
Umbrina striata, n. sp. sits 55 dussumieri, C. aay ees se oe AF sinuata, Day. Ae robinsoni, n. sp.
Sciena parva, n. sp. ...
Otolithus ruber, Schneid.
Famiry ACANTHURID.
Acanthurus triostegus, L. 32 PA matoides, C. and v.
Famity CARANGIDA.
Chorinemus sancti-petri, C. and V.
Trachynotus oblongus, C. and VY. we ovatus, L. sa
Platax teira, Forsk.
Equula edentula, Bl.
Gazza equuleformis, Riipp.
205
PAGE
164 ... 165 G5 ... 166
. 167
. 178
so LERS) a) eee,
.. 181 5 ep »- 182 .. 182 . 183 . 184
+. 184 . 185
5c ASKS 5 abit sae LOM ... 188 50 dists: . 189
206 List of Species Described.
Famiry SCOMBRID.
Scomber brachysoma, Bleek .
Famitry URANOSCOPIDA.
Uranoscopus occidentalis, Agass.
Famiry TRACHINID. Percis nebulosa, C. and V. Sillago sihama, Forsk ... », chondropus, Bleek. Famizry COTTIDA. Platycephalus scaber, Gunth.... a insidiator, Forsk. Famity SPHYRANIDA. Sphyrena jello, C. and V.
Famiry GLYPHIDODONTIDA.
Glyphidodon ccelestinus, Soland. > sordidus, Forsk. Famiry LABRIDA.
Cossyphus nigromaculatus, n. sp. Julis umbrostigma, Riipp. a3) Lumaris, Ti... », trilobata, Lacép. ... Cheilio inermis, Forsk. Faminy GONORHYNCHIDS.
Gonorhynchus greyi, Richards
Famity SCOMBRESOCID.
Tylosurus choram, Forsk.
Famity CLUPEIDA.
Engraulis vitrirostris, n. sp. Pellona natalensis, n. sp.
Famity CHIROCENTRIDA.
Chirocentrus dorab, Forsk.
PAGE ono dust
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. 200
. 200
( 207 )
4.—On Two New Species of Ptychodera (P. proliferans and P. natalensis).—By J. D. F. Gincurist, M.A., D.Sc., Pa.D.
In addition to the species of Ptychodera (P. capensis) already recorded at the Cane, another is found in fair abundance in the same localities, often under the same stones, but usually nearer high-water mark. Sometimes only a single specimen was found, at other times several—on one occasion as many as twenty were found under a stone about a foot in diameter. It was noted that among adult forms there were often several much smaller and imma- ture individuals, and on several occasions when a single full-grown speq@men was found, two to six small ones occurred within a few inches of it. These small forms did not vary much in diameter or length, but the proboscis and collar were at all stages of develop- ment, some being entirely without those organs, others with small proboscis and collar incomplete dorsally, and others with all parts of the body complete. There was thus apparently a process of natural fragmentation or proliferation from the tail region in this species. Only on one occasion was the breaking up so characteristic of many other forms observed, and that in the case of an abnormally long specimen, the posterior extremity of which was observed to break off. That this is a normal process of multiplication in this form is further indicated by certain anatomical features noted below. The specific name proliferans refers to this characteristic.
After finding these species at the Cape, I took occasion on a recent visit to Natal to search for specimens on the East Coast. The coast-line at several points was examined, and it was only when looking for other animals in the lagoon at Durban that unexpectedly a fine species of a Balanoglossus was found, which was quite obviously distinct from the Cape species and seems to belong to a species not yet described. A fragment only was found at first, but with the aid of some men, and after prolonged digging, a complete specimen was procured. The animal is so long that it is difficult to secure an unbroken specimen, and in addition to this it breaks up readily, unlike the two Cape species, even with careful handling, one piece breaking up when merely placed in a surface pool of rather warm water. The animal was very sluggish when alive, and occu-
208 Annals of the South African Museum.
pied a tube or burrow, the sides of which were lined with mucus and were of a different colour from that of the surrounding mud.
It belongs to the larger forms, being about 3 feet in length, as near as could be judged, in the expanded condition, and 18 inches when preserved. The colour, as noted below, was in marked contrast to the bright and conspicuous yellow of the Cape species, and it had a peculiar odour entirely absent in the latter.
The following is a description of the external features of these two new species, with a few notes on their more important anatomical features.
PTYCHODERA PROLIFERANS, Nn. Sp.
Proboscis.—In a specimen of an average size (88 mm.), the proboscis was about 4 mm. in length and 3 in breadth, of a bright lemon yellow colour with a tinge of red.
Collar.—Of about the same length as the proboscis, with a distinct posterior furrow, but otherwise quite smooth; it was of a uniform yellow colour.
Branchio-genital region.—About 20 mm. in length; the genital pleurz are in contact at the collar, and also meet over the gill region. The gonads are of a bright lemon-yellow, and appear to be continued on to the end of the tail, so that in extreme expansion the animal, posterior to the collar, appears as two bright yellow bands, between which the faintly coloured alimentary canal appears.
Hepatic reqion.—No hepatic cceca are visible externally.
Caudal region.—About 60 mm. in length and somewhat flattened dorso-ventrally. The dorsal nerve chord had no furrow, nor were there any furrows or streaks on either side, though the ventral nerve chord was situated in a distinct groove extending from the collar to the end of the tail. The glandular patches which in most species form rings round this part of the body were indistinct, and often ran longitudinally. The most marked external feature of the animal was, as above mentioned, the extension of the yellow colour of the gonads into the tail region on each side, sometimes slightly interrupted on one side or the other, but usually continuous.
A more detailed examination of a specimen showed that there was one proboscis pore, four nerve roots followed by the septum, gullet divided, no long ‘‘ notochord,” pericardium simple, and synapticula present.
Section of the tail region showed on each side a mass of small spheres or globules readily stained with eosin. These were quite similar to the masses of a similar nature which form part of the
Two New Species of Ptychodera. 209
gonads in the anterior region. No ova or spermatozoa, however, were found in the tail region as in the genital pleuree. These globules have been found in the gonads of other species, and have been supposed to be nutrient matter for the developing ova. Their occurrence in the tail region, which is so often divided off in this species to form new individuals, naturally suggests that their function here is the sustenance of this proliferated part while regeneration of collar and proboscis is going on.
PTYCHODERA NATALENSIS, 0. sp.
Proboscis.—This organ is relatively short, and was not observed to vary much in the living animal. It was about 11 mm. in length from the anterior margin of the collar, dome shaped, and well sunk in the collar in the living animal. When treated with chloral hydrate and subsequently a weak solution of chromic acid, the collar region became contracted, exposing the proboscis to its neck: from this point to the distal end it measured in the preserved condition 9°5 mm. The breadth of the proboscis was in the living condition 9 mm., pre- served 8mm. The colour of the proboscis was markedly whitish as compared with the remainder of the body, there being only a some- what faint tinge of yellow.
Collar.—In the living condition this organ measured 6 mm. in length and 85 mm. in breadth. It was, like the proboscis, quite smooth, showing no longitudinal striping, but with a distinct annu- lar groove round its posterior border. In colour it was of a distinct though rather dull yellow. When preserved this part of the body underwent greater change than any other, its dimensions being altered to 4 mm. in length (on the dorsal side), 6 mm. in breadth anteriorly, and 9 mm. in breadth posteriorly, the anterior end thus having contracted considerably ; longitudinal furrows appeared, and the posterior furrow was still evident. This shrinking of the collar exposed the base of the proboscis, whose point of attachment seemed very slight and easily damaged (cf. condition of some large species without proboscis noted by Spengel). The longitudinal contraction of the collar was greater on the ventral side, where it measured 3 mm., so that the proboscis, collar, and anterior part of the body were bent somewhat ventrally.
Branchio-genital region.—This is of great length, It was broken up, in digging for the specimen, into four pieces. The largest piece (with proboscis and collar attached) was, in the preserved condition, 90 mm., the others 56, 42, and 16 respectively, so that the total length of this region was a little over 200 mm. The most striking
14
210 Annals of the South African Museum.
feature of this region is the great development of the genital pleure. In the undisturbed living animal their free edges overlapped each other to a considerable extent, especially in the region behind the gills; they adhered rather firmly at their edges, and formed a long tubular structure. At their point of attachment to the collar their edges were closely appressed, but did not overlap.
Just behind the collar the body was slightly greater in diameter than the collar, both in the living (11 mm.) and in the preserved state (10 mm.) This became somewhat less posteriorly in the folded condition, When spread out, the genital pleure at the gill region measured about 11 mm. from the edge of the one to the edge of the other ; behind the gill region it was about 15 mm. throughout, this. being about the breadth of the remaining three pieces of this region. The pleurze end abruptly.
The glandular stripes of epithelium on the outside of this region and the colour here are worthy of notice. The former were very dis- tinct, being half a millimetre in breadth anteriorly and often forming continuous bands from the mid-ventral line to the edges of the genital pleuree. In a distinct furrow lay the nerve chord, appearing as a slightly elevated ridge about ‘3 mm. in diameter, and with transverse stripes corresponding to the glandular ridges on each side.
The same general disposition of parts was seen on the second fragment, but towards the middle a differentiation began to appear, viz., the transverse lines became more irregular and discontinuous towards the margin of the pleur, while retaining their regularity in the immediate neighbourhood of the ventral nerve chord. Towards the posterior these regions became partly marked off from each other by a longitudinal furrow on each side, commencing first on the right side. In the third and fourth fragment this was more marked, and took the form of two rather deep furrows, one on each side, at a distance of about 2 mm. from the mid-ventral line, so as to give an appearance of a second but very small pair of pleurz (cf. Schizo- cardium). The epithelium of these folds had very regular transverse stripes of glandular patches, which sometimes were continued over the nerve chord (which appeared here as a ridge with no groove) to those on the other side, sometimes ended abruptly at the nerve, alternating in position with them. The area between the folds thus formed a longitudinal band about 4 mm. in breadth, distinctly marked off from the area on each side (each about 6 mm. in breadth). This ventral band appeared on the third and smallest fragment, which also included part of the hepatic region, but was not continued further backwards.
Two New Species of Ptychodera. 211
On the inner sides of the genital pleure, the genital groove could be traced throughout their whole length.
The gills region in the preserved condition is 45 mm. in length, of an almost uniform breadth of 4 mm. measured between the points where it joins the genital pleure ; it contracts abruptly at its posterior end. The gill openings lie at the base of the genital pleure, and are dorso-lateral in relation to the alimentary tract.
The glands were of a bright orange-yellow on the inside of the pleure, the outside of which was darker, while the ventral side of the body in this region was characterised by a decided dark-brown colour.
Hepatic region.—A few hepatic cceca occur in a small part of the pleural region—about half a dozen on each side of the middle line, and arranged in single rows about 6 mm. in length. The anterior of these were small and not very distinct; the posterior were well developed.
The fourth fragment was 42 mm. in length, and was covered with the hepatic cceca, at first in a single row on each side and hardly compressed, becoming towards the centre larger, crowded together, and arranged in an irregular mass. The glandular corrugations of the skin of the ventral side of the body in this region were regular, and where the cceca were most developed had small swollen endings usually connected to them by a thin strand of epithelium, but some- times quite separated from them, so that there appeared to be a groove along this part of the body. This groove did not appear to be continuous with the longitudinal grooves on the ventral surface of the genital region. The line of small swollen patches may be regarded as the representatives of the genital pleure in this region. The greatest vertical diameter of this region in the preserved speci- men was a little over 4 mm. and slightly greater than the horizontal diameter.
A fifth fragment, about 12 mm. in length, also belonged to the hepatic region.
The hepatic cceca were of a dark brown or reddish colour, and the ventral side of the body in this region was of a dark colour.
Caudal region.—This is represented by two pieces 25 and 34 mm. in length respectively. When procured they were filled with mud, in which no sand-grains were perceived, and they measured in this condition about 4 mm.in diameter. Asin many other species, this region is characteristic. The glandular patches of the epithelium occur here in comparatively broad rings of a dark brown colour, so as to give the tail region a marked annulated appearance. These end
212 Annals of the South African Musewm.
abruptly on the ventral side at the ventral nerve chord, but on the dorsal side they are bent slightly forward at their ends as they approach the dorsal nerve chord, and more anteriorly they become broken up into isolated brown patches in the dorsal region of the body. These pigmented annular markings are still visible in the preserved condition of the specimen.
Synapticula are present in the gill bars ; the gullet is not divided. There appears to be one nerve root only. The region of the proboscis pore was somewhat damaged.
5.—Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal (Part II.). By J. D. F. Giucurist, M.A., D.Sc., Po.D., and W. WarpLaw TuHompson, F.Z.S.
Tue following is a further contribution to the description of a collection of fishes from Natal. As in Part I., the older classification and some of the older names are retained for local convenience and easy comparison with such readily accessible works of reference as Day’s ‘“‘ Fishes of India.”
Famiry PERCIDA.
LUTIANUS JOHNII, Bl.
Teeth, curved canines on premaxillaries, an outer row of canines on each jaw, a chevron-shaped patch of small villiform teeth on vomer, a narrow band on palatines, an elongated triangular patch on tongue. Depth of body 2% times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 times. Snout 14 times diameter of eye, which equals interorbital width and is 34 times in length of head. Depth of preorbital equals 2 diameter of eye; maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of orbits; vertical limb of preoperculum finely serrated, more coarsely so at angle, which is rounded and slightly produced, lower limb with a few coarse serrations.
Dorsal x 13; spines moderately strong, 3rd and 4th about equal and nearly 2 length of head, succeeding spines decrease to the last, which is slightly more than 4 length of the 4th; soft portion of fin rounded, the longest rays about + height of longest spine and $ the length of base of soft portion. Pectorals falcate, nearly as long as head. Ventrals nearly 2 length of head. Anal iii 8; 2nd spine strongest, about same length as 3rd and nearly } height of longest spine of dorsal; longest rays slightly higher than longest spine of dorsal and 1 higher than soft dorsal. Caudal slightly forked, rays divided, a little more than + length of head. Scales cycloid, ex-
15
214 Annals of the South African Museum.
tending ve opercles and inter- and pre-opercles Lat. 1. 48, lat. tr. Waciz:
Colour (of preserved specimens), brown above, light-coloured below, with a dark blotch on lateral line below origin of soft dorsal.
Two specimens, 65 mm. and 178 mm. in length respectively, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
KUHLIA RUPESTRIS, Lacép.
Depth of body a little more than 24 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 times. Snout slightly less than diameter of eye, which equals interorbital width and is 34 times in length of head. Cleft of mouth oblique, lower jaw projects beyond upper ; maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of orbits, the width of its distal extremity equals ? diameter of eye; top of head rugose, cheeks and opercles with large ciliated scales; lower border of preorbital finely serrated; preoperculum very finely denticulate; 2 strong opercular spines, the lower most developed; 17 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal x 11; originating behind axilla and above origin of ventrals ; 4th spine longest, a little more than 2 length of head, succeeding spines decrease in length to 10th, which is 3 height of longest, last spine much longer than penultimate and nearly as high as 3rd; anterior soft rays 11 times height of longest spine, shortening posteriorly to 4 that height. Pectorals 2 length of head. Ventrals slightly longer than pectorals and reaching to anus. Anal iii 10, longer than its distance from caudal; 3rd spine longest, about same height as last spine of dorsal and about 2 height of longest soft rays. Caudal emarginate, nearly as long as neal middle rays about + length of outer, lobes obtusely pointed. Scales comparatively nay feebly ctenoid. Sc. 444%.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark brown above, lighter below, where each scale has a dark spot at its base; anal with black spots.
One specimen, 173 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal; taken in tidal waters in Umbilo River, Durban.
EPINEPHELUS SONNERATI, C. and V. (Scarlet Rock-cod.)
Teeth in rather broad bands, in 3 series on sides of mandibles ; canines moderate. Depth of body a little greater than length of
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 215
head and 24 to 23 times in total length excluding caudal. Snout twice diameter of eye, which is 62 to 7 times in length of head and equals the interorbital width. Lower jaw projecting beyond upper ; maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior border of eye, the width of its distal extremity equals or slightly exceeds diameter of eye; preoperculum feebly serrated, slightly emarginate above angle, which is rounded ; middle opercular spine nearer lower than upper, lower scarcely further back than upper, opercular flap obtusely pointed; head and part of maxillary covered with cycloid scales ; gill-rakers 12 and 5 rudiments on lower part of anterior arch, the longest about as long as gill-fringes.
Dorsal ix 15; originating slightly behind base of pectorals, spines strong; 3rd spine longer than Ist or 2nd, about same height as succeeding spines, + to ,3, length of head and considerably shorter than posterior rays, the longest of which is 2? to 4 length of head. Pectorals # to 2 length of head. Ventrals scarcely shorter than pectorals and reaching to about the anus. Anal ii 9; 38rd spine slightly longer than 2nd, a little higher than longest spine of dorsal and 2 height of longest soft rays; both soft dorsal and anal are rounded. Caudal rounded, * to 2 length of head. Scales on body strongly ciliated, those on belly cycloid. Sc. 110-115 12; lat. 1. 68.
Colour when fresh, scarlet, paired and unpaired fins edged with black ; becomes whitish or grey in preservative with a trace of black edges to fins. No network of colour on the head (described and figured by some authors) was observed.
Two specimens, one 270 mm. in length from Durban Museum, the other 303 mm. in length from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
EPINEPHELUS MINIATUS, Forsk. (Red Spotted Rock-cod.)
Teeth, 2 or 3 series on the sides of the mandibles; canines moderate. Depth of body about 3 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 2% to 24 times. Snout about 1% times diameter of eye, which is small, equals or is slightly less than interorbital width and 53 to nearly 6 times in length of head ; lower jaw projects beyond upper, chin prominent; maxillary reaches to below posterior third of eye, width of its distal extremity about equals diameter of eye; preoperculum finely serrated on lower half of vertical border, the serrz scarcely enlarged at the angle, which is rounded ; middle opercular spine nearer lower than upper, opercular flap obtusely pointed, the upper border strongly curved; head covered
216 Annals of the South African Museum.
with cycloid scales, snout and maxillary partially scaled, the scales on maxillary being + the length of those on cheek.
Dorsal ix 15-16; originating above base of pectorals; spines strong, increasing in length to 3rd, which is ;%, length of head and considerably shorter than posterior soft rays, which are about 2 length of head. Pectorals 7% to # length of head. Ventrals 4 to 3 length of head. Anal iii 9; 2nd and 38rd spines about equal, slightly longer than longest dorsal spine; soft rays longer than those of soft dorsal and a little more than 4 length of head. Caudal rounded, middle rays longest, 3 length of head. Scales 1001° (circa), lat. 1. 50 (circa) ; scales of posterior half of body ciliated.
Colour (when fresh), very brilliant. The ground colour is orange with numerous blue spots on head, body, and fins; pectorals are golden at extremity, shading into orange at base, where there are two blue spots; dorsal scarlet and spotted at upper edge; caudal closely spotted ; ventrals crimson with upper edge blue, dark orange spotted and edged below with blue. In the preserved state the spots only remain and are of a dark brown colour.
Two specimens, 230 mm. and 200 mm. in length respectively, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal, who kindly supplies a note of the colour.
EPINEPHELUS ALBOMARGINATUS, Bler.
Teeth, in narrow bands, in 2 series on sides of mandibles; canines strong. Depth of body equals length of head and about 3 times in total length excluding caudal. Snout as long as diameter of eye, which is 4 times in length of head; interorbital width 5 times in length of head; lower jaw projecting beyond upper; maxillary reaches vertical of posterior border of eye, width of its distal extremity 2 diameter of eye; preoperculum finely serrated, emarginate above angle, which is rounded and has 3 or 4 enlarged serree; middle opercular spine slightly nearer lower than upper, lower spine further back than upper, opercular flap pointed; head nearly entirely covered with cycloid scales, maxillary naked. Gill-rakers 13 to 15 on lower part of anterior arch, the longest as long as the gill-fringes.
Dorsal xi 14; originating above base of pectorals; 3rd to 5th spines longest, about } length of head, shorter than soft rays. Pectorals # length of head, scarcely longer than ventrals. Anal iii 8; 3rd spine longest, ? length of head; longest soft rays about 4 length of head. Caudal rounded, subtruncate, 3 length of head. Scales ciliated, 112 (circa); lat. 1. 63.
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 217
Colour (of preserved specimen), brown, covered with numerous small round blackish spots; belly lighter, without spots; pectorals light brown; dorsal, anal and caudal edged with white, with very faint black spots.
One specimen, 211 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
Another specimen (320 mm. in length) agrees very closely with Boulenger’s description of this species; it was procured by the ss. Peter Faure in the large trawl, 50 fms. sand and mud, Tugela River mouth N. 194 miles, and seems to belong to the same species. It differs slightly in that the eye is comparatively smaller, the opercular spines are about equidistant, the ventrals are much shorter than the pectorals (being 54 mm. and 73 mm. respectively), and the length of the head is decidedly greater than the depth of the body ; the colouring is the same.
EIPINEPHELUS MoRRHUA, C. and V.
Teeth, in narrow bands, in 2 series on the sides of the mandibles ; canines moderately strong. Depth of body 3 to 34 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 22 to 2? times. Snout 1; to 14 times diameter of eye, which is 44 times in length of head ; inter- orbital width 52 to 5+ times in length of head; lower jaw projecting beyond upper; maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior border of
eye, the width of its distal extremity % to 74, diameter of eye; pre- operculum serrated, slightly emarginate above angle, which is slightly produced and armed with 3 or 4 strong spines; middle opercular spine nearer lower than upper, lower much further back than upper, opercular flap pointed; head nearly entirely covered with cycloid scales, maxillary naked; gillrakers 15 to 16 on lower part of anterior arch, the longest as long as the gill-fringes.
Dorsal xi 14; originates above base of pectorals; 3rd and 4th spines longest and about 4 length of head; last spine + to 3; length of head ; longest soft rays a little longer than longest spine. Pec- torals # to 2 length of head. Ventrals 4 length of head, not reaching anus. Anal ii 8; 2nd and 3rd spines about equal in length, } to ;°y length of head and 4%, height of longest soft rays. Caudal trun- cate, + to 2 length of head. Scales on body ciliated. Lat. 1. 68-78, se. 110-11233.
Colour (of preserved specimens), greyish brown, soft dorsal and caudal with dark spots in one or more rows.
Two specimens, 367 mm. and 276 mm. in length respectively, pro- cured by ss. Pieter Fawre in large trawl, 46-55 fms., mud, Tugela River mouth, N. by W. 18 miles.
218 Annals of the South African Museum.
EPINEPHELUS MODESTUS, N. Sp.
Teeth, in narrow bands, in 2 series on sides of mandibles; canines small. Depth of body 2+ times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 22 times. Snout 12 times diameter of eye, which equals interorbital width and is 5 times in length of head; posterior nostril large ; lower jaw projecting beyond upper; maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior margin of eye, the width of its distal extremity is a little more than + diameter of eye ; vertical limb of preoperculum serrated, the serree being coarser at angle and the lower pointing downwards; middle opercular spine slightly nearer lower than upper, the lower feeble and not so far back as upper; opercular flap pointed, upper border somewhat convex; head nearly entirely covered with cycloid scales, a band of small scales on maxillary. (Gill-rakers not present in specimen.)
Dorsal xi 14; originating a little in advance of base of pectorals ; 3rd spine longest, about 2? length of head and as long as longest soft rays, last spine 53, length of head. Pectorals % length of head. Ventrals 4 length of head, nearly reaching to anus. Anal ui 9; 2nd spine a little shorter than 3rd, + length of head and a little more than 4 length of longest soft rays. Caudal truncate, nearly 3 length of head. Scales on body ciliated. Sc. 11835, lat. 1. 68.
Colour (of preserved and fresh specimen), greyish brown, darker above.
One specimen, 281 mm. in length, from the Durban market.
It is near H. niveatus, from which, however, it is apparently different.
EPINEPHELUS ANDERSONI, Bley.
Teeth, in 2 series on sides of mandibles; canines feeble. Depth of body 31 to about 4 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 times. Snout 14 to 14 times diameter of eye, which is 54 to 6 times in length of head, and equals or slightly exceeds interorbital width ; lower jaw projects beyond upper, maxillary reaches beyond vertical of posterior margin of eye, the width of its distal extremity 2 to # diameter of eye; preopercular border serrated, the serre at angle enlarged; lower opercular spine nearer median and further back than upper, opercular flap pointed; head nearly covered with cycloid scales, maxillary naked ; gill-rakers moderate, 16 on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal xi 15; originates above base of pectorals; 3rd to 6th spines longest and about 4 length of head, last spine + to 4 length of head ;
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 219
longest soft rays about 4 length of head. Pectorals ? to $ length of head. Ventrals 2 to 4 length of head. Anal iii 8; 2nd spine a little shorter than 3rd, which is + to ;3, length of head; longest soft rays
2 =
2 to 4 length of head. Caudal rounded, 3 to 1% length of head. 32-34
Colour (of preserved specimens), the two largest greyish brown, the smaller ones dark brown; with large round black spots in five or six longitudinal rows on each side, two oblique dark streaks from eye to operele on each side cf head (the smaller specimens have a third dark streak from above angle of mouth to opercle), dorsal and caudal fins with round dark spots.
Four specimens, two of 367 mm. and 395 mm. in length respec- tively, procured by ss. Pieter Faure in large trawl, 46-55 fms., mud, Tugela River mouth, N. by W. 18 miles; one specimen, 188 mm. in length, caught in the Inner Harbour, Durban; and one, 153 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
All the specimens agree closely with Boulenger’s description of E. andersoni, but are deeper in the body, especially the two smaller ones (the body contents, including gill-arches, had been removed in the type). The colouring of the small specimens differs somewhat from that of the larger ones.
Scales on body feebly ciliated. Lat. 1. 82 (cirea), sc. 105 (circa)
EPINEPHELUS LANCEOLATUS, Bl.
Teeth, in broad bands on both jaws; canines small. Depth of body 34 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 23 times. Snout very short, 44 times in length of head and twice the diameter of the eye, which is small and 9 times in length of head ; interorbital width 4,1, times in length of head ; lower jaw projecting beyond upper; maxillary reaches to much beyond vertical of posterior margin of eye, the width of its distal extremity equals 11 times diameter of eye; preoperculum rounded, finely serrated, the serree somewhat enlarged at the angle ; middle opercular spine nearer lower than upper, lower not further back than upper, opercular flap obtusely pointed, its upper border strongly convex ; head entirely covered with cycloid scales, maxillary naked; gill- rakers moderate, 14 on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal xi 15 ; originating above base of pectorals ; spines increasing in height to 3rd, which is } length of head, posterior gradually lengthening to the last, which is + length of head and 3 height of longest soft ray. Pectorals a little more than 4 length of head. Ventrals over 2 length of head, spine strong and half the length of
220 Annals of the South African Museum.
the adjoining ray. Anal iii 8; 2nd spine shorter than 3rd, which is nearly as long as last spine of dorsal and $ height of longest anal rays. Caudal rounded, a little more than 2 length of head. Scales 10512, mostly feebly ciliated, with rows of minute scales at their base.
Colour (of preserved specimen) brown with three or four irregular dark transverse bands ; body reticulated with dark brown in places ; fins covered with irregular brown spots disposed in irregular rows.
One specimen, 357 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
(?) EpINEPHELUS MELAS (Peters).
Teeth, in 3 or 4 series on sides of mandibles; canines moderate. Depth of body equals length of head and slightly over 3 times in total length excluding caudal. Snout a little longer than diameter of eye, which is about 5% times in length of head ; interorbital width 6 times in length of head; lower jaw projecting beyond upper ; maxillary extends about 4 diameter of eye beyond vertical of posterior margin of orbit, the width of its distal extremity equals 3 diameter of eye; preopercular border rounded, finely serrated behind, serrz enlarged at angle; opercular spines about equidistant, lower further back than upper, opercular flap obtusely pointed and upper margin slightly rounded; head covered with cycloid scales, maxillary covered with minute scales ; gill-rakers moderate, 16 on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal xi 15; originates above base of pectorals ; spines increasing in length to 4th which is 3 length of head, a little longer than last spine and a little shorter than longest soft rays. Pectorals + length of head. Ventrals about 3 length of head, not reaching anus. Anal iii 8; 2nd spine as long as 3rd, + length of head and 3 height of longest soft rays. Caudal sub-truncate, slightly rounded, nearly 3 length of head. Scales cycloid, 9834, lat. 1. 68 (?).
Colour (of preserved specimen) very dark brown, almost black, with faint large round dark spots.
One specimen, 278 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
EPINEPHELUS TAUVINA, Forsk.
Teeth, in 3 series on sides of mandibles; canines small. Depth of body about 3 to 34 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 2? to nearly 3 times. Snout 1} to 1% times diameter of eye, which is 54 to 64 times in length of head; interorbital width 5 to 6 times in length of head; lower jaw projecting beyond upper;
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 221
maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior third or in the larger specimens to beyond posterior margin of eye, the width of its distal extremity 2 to nearly 1 diameter of eye; vertical limb of pre- operculum slightly curved, serrated, and with slightly enlarged serre at the angle; opercular spines nearly equidistant, the lower further back than upper, opercular flap pointed. Head almost entirely covered with cycloid scales ; gill-rakers moderately elongate, 9 to 10 and 7 or 8 rudimentary on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal xi 15; originating above base of pectorals; spines increasing in length to 3rd or 4th, which is about $ length of head and 3 to 3 height of longest soft rays. Pectorals about 3 length of head. Ventrals about 4 length of head, not reaching anus. Anal iii 8; 2nd spine a little shorter than 3rd, which is about the height of longest spine of dorsal and * to 4 the height of longest anal rays. Caudal rounded, about 2 length of head. Scales on body ctenoid, 108-11213, lat. 1. 62-68.
Colour (of preserved specimens) brown with darker spots, and with 5 or 6 irregular brownish bands across body.
Three specimens, two 172 mm. and 215 mm. in length respec- tively from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal; the other, 269 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
EPINEPHELUS MERRA, Bl.
Teeth, in 3 series on sides of mandibles ; canines small. Depth of body 31 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 times. Snout 14 times diameter of eye, which is 6 times in length of head ; interorbital width 54 times in length of head; lower jaw strongly projecting beyond upper; maxillary reaching to slightly beyond the vertical of posterior margin of eye, the width of its distal extremity equals + the diameter of the eye; preopercular border rounded, finely serrated behind, serrz enlarged at the angle ; middle opercular spine slightly nearer upper than lower, lower not further back than upper, opercular flap pointed; head and maxillary covered with cycloid scales; gill-rakers short, 15 on lower part of anterior arch,
Dorsal xi 15; originates behind base of pectorals; spines strong, increasing in length to 4th or 5th which are ;3, length of head, about same length as last spine and # height of longest soft rays. Pectorals 2 length of head. Ventrals a little more than 4 length of head, reaching about half-way to anus. Anal ili 9; 2nd spine as long as 3rd, which is a little more than + length of and about 3 height of
222 Annals of the South African Museum.
longest soft rays. Caudal truncate, nearly 2 length of head. Scales on body slightly ciliated. Sc. 115 (circa), lat. tr. 4.
Colour (of preserved specimen) brown ; head and body covered with large, closely set dark brown spots separated by a honey- combed network of light lines; fins covered with dark brown spots arranged more or less in rows.
One specimen, 400 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
EPINEPHELUS GRAMMATOPHORUS, Blgr.
Teeth, in narrow bands, in 2 series on sides of mandibles; canines strong. Depth of body 3 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 28 to 23 times. Snout a little longer than diameter of eye, which is 44 to 43 times in length of head; interorbital width about 2 diameter of eye ; lower jaw projects beyond upper ; maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior margin of orbits, the width of its distal extremity is about } diameter of eye; vertical limb of pre- operculum strongly serrated and slightly emarginate above the angle, serre at angle slightly enlarged; opercular spines about equi- distant, lower much further back than upper, opercular flap pointed. Gill-rakers 15 on lower part of anterior arch, nearly as long as gill-fringes; head nearly entirely covered with cycloid scales, maxillary naked.
Dorsal xi 16; originating above base of pectorals; 3rd spine longest, about 2 length of head, succeeding spines decrease in length the last being about + length of head and a little shorter than longest soft rays. Pectorals 2 length of head. Ventrals about 4 length of head. Anal iii 8; 2nd spine strongest, about equal to 3rd, and % to 2 height of longest spine of dorsal; soft rays slightly lower than longest spine of dorsal. Caudal slightly rounded, 4 to 3 length of head. Scales ctenoid on body. Sc. 96, lat. tr. +% (circa).
Colour (in fresh state), generally of a bright vermillion red on the head and anterior region of the body, becoming brown towards the tail; three broad irregular bands of brown across body; a large bright red oval patch of colour at the base of the pectorals ; fins of a dark reddish brown; a series of irregular thin blue lines radiating from the eye over snout, cheek, and operculum.
Colour (of preserved specimens), light brown with small brown spots and faint dark bands across body; head with small brown spots, vermiculations, and oblique lines from orbits.
Two specimens, 268 mm., 270 mm. in length respectively ; the former from Durban market, the latter from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 223
EPINEPHELUS GIGAS, Briinn. (juv.).
Teeth, in narrow bands, in 2 series on sides of mandibles ; canines moderate. Depth of body 2,%, to 3 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 2% to 22 times. Snout 1, to 12 times diameter of eye, which is 42 to 5+ times in length of head; inter- orbital width about 54 to 53 times in length of head; lower jaw projecting beyond upper; maxillary reaches to vertical of middle or posterior border of eye, the width of its distal extremity % to 4 diameter of eye; vertical limb of preoperculum finely serrated, slightly emarginate at angle which is obtusely rounded and armed with enlarged serre; middle opercular spine nearer lower than upper, lower further back than upper, opercular flap pointed; head covered with cycloid scales, maxillary naked; gill-rakers moderately elongate, 15 or 16 on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal xi 16; originates above base of pectorals; 4th or 3rd and 4th spines longest, 2 to nearly $ length of head and as long as or a little longer than the longest soft rays; last spine about } length of head. Pectorals about # length of head. Ventrals a little more than 4 length of head (in the smaller specimen they reach to anus). Anal iii 8; 2nd and 8rd spines equal in length, + to } length of head and 2 to 2 height of longest soft rays. Caudal rounded or sub- truncate, * to 2 length of head. Scales cycloid above lateral line,
feebly ciliated below. Sc. 108-114 ae
Colour (of preserved specimens), uniform brown with irregular markings ; edges of fins whitish, faint rows of light spots on soft dorsal.
Three specimens, 254 mm., 170 mm., 188 mm. in length respec- tively, the largest from Durban Museum, the others from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
They agree fairly well with descriptions of immature forms of Ei. gigas.
EPINEPHELUS FASCIATUS, Forsk. (Red Rock-cod.)
Teeth, in 3 series on sides of mandibles; canines small. Depth of body 8 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 22 to 22, times. Snout a little longer than diameter of eye, which is 44 to 42 times in length of head; interorbital width about 64 times in length of head; lower jaw projects beyond upper; maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior fourth of eye, the width of its
224 Annals of the South African Musewm.
distal extremity nearly 3 diameter of eye; preoperculum finely serrated on vertical border, emarginate above the angle which is rounded and has slightly enlarged serre; opercular spines about equidistant, lower further back than upper, median strongly developed, opercular flap pointed; head nearly entirely covered with small cycloid scales, maxillary with minute scales; gill-rakers moderate, 15 or 16 on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal xi 16; originating above base of pectorals ; spines increas- ing in length to 3rd and 4th which are about 4 length of head, last spine + length of head; longest soft rays nearly 2 length of head. Pectorals nearly 2 length of head. Ventrals a little more than 4 length of head, not quite reaching to anus. Anal ii 8; 2nd and 3rd spines about equal and about {%, length of head; longest soft rays nearly 4 length of head. Caudal subtruncate, length of head. Seales on body ciliated. Lat. 1.56, sc. 100-108 aa
Colour (when fresh), body and fins vermillion red. The inter- spinous membrane behind tip of each dorsal spine has a dark brown triangular blotch at its free edge; these blotches remain as black marks in the preserved state, when all the other colouring has been bleached out.
Two specimens, one 273 mm. in length from the Durban market, the other 203 mm. in length from Durban Museum.
EPINEPHELUS, sp. A (juv.).
Teeth, in 2 series on mandibles; canines not apparent. Depth of body a little more than 3 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 2,7, times. Snout short, about # diameter of eye, which is 32 times in length of head; interorbital width 55 times in length of head; jaws about equal; maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of eye, the width of its distal extremity equals 4 diameter of eye; preoperculum serrated, with enlarged serre at the angle which is obtusely rounded; lower opercular spine slightly nearer median and further back than upper, opercular flap pointed and upper margin concave; head covered with cycloid scales, scales on maxillary; gill-rakers nearly as long as gill-fringes, 12 on lower portion of anterior arch.
Dorsal xi 16; originates above base of pectorals; 4th and 5th spines longest, a little over } length of head and $ height of longest soft rays. Pectorals ;%, length of head. Ventrals 2 length of head, reaching to anus. Anal iii 8; 2nd and 3rd spines about equal, 2 length of head and + height of longest soft rays which are slightly
Io
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 225
higher than those of soft dorsal. Caudal rounded, # length of head. Seales cycloid, 90 (cirea).
Colour (of preserved specimen), olive-brown ; body covered with large and small white spots ; dorsal with a row of small round white spots on lower part, with a row of irregular large white spots above, extremity of the fin light-coloured; anal with about 8 white spots ; caudal with 2 white spots at its base and 2 rows of smaller ones about its middle ; a few white spots on pectorals, and the extremity of pectorals and ventrals tinged with white; a few white spots on head.
One specimen, 46 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal, taken at Durban. It does not correspond to any of the species here described, of one of which however it may be an immature form.
EPINEPHELUS, sp. B (juv.).
Teeth, in narrow bands, in 2 series on mandibles; canines moderate. Depth of body nearly 34 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 2% times. Snout short, equals diameter of eye, which is nearly 42 times in length of head ; interorbital width 82 times in length of head; jaws about equal; maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of eye, width of its distal extremity 3 diameter of eye; preoperculum serrated, with enlarged serre at the angle; upper opercular spine at a greater distance from median and further back than lower, opercular flap pointed with its upper border convex ; head, including maxillary, nearly entirely covered with cycloid scales ; gill-rakers moderate, 17 on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal xi 16; originates above base of pectorals; 3rd _ spine longest, 2 length of head and about the height of longest soft rays. Pectorals 2 length of head. Ventrals 4 length of head, reaching to vent. Anal iii 9; 2nd and 3rd spines equal in length, 2 length of head and 3 height of longest soft rays. Caudal rounded, % length of head. Scales mostly cycloid, some on the sides are feebly ciliated. Lat. 1. 60, se. 100 (circa).
Colour (of preserved specimen), brown; head and body covered with large dark spots of unequal size (the largest about the size of the eye) bordered by a light margin; dorsal, anal, and caudal with large round blackish spots with a whitish band separating them into rows ; pectorals dark brown ; all the fins with a whitish outer edge.
One specimen, 68 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal, taken at Durban.
bo bo (op)
Annals of the South African Museum.
DENTEX ROBINSONI, N. Sp.
Teeth, 4 rather small canines in upper jaw which hardly differ from the canine-like teeth about 7 in number which follow; 4 canines on lower jaw separated by an interspace (filled with small teeth) from the succeeding canine-like teeth about 9 in number. Depth of body 24 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 times. Snout 14 times diameter of eye, which equals interorbital width and is 3 times in length of head. Profile of head descends in an oblique line from nape to snout; interorbital space flat, a depression on each side of nape above orbits; depth of preorbital nearly equals diameter of eye; cleft of mouth oblique, jaws about equal, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior nostril and is almost entirely hidden by preorbital; 5 series of scales on preoperculum which is entire ; preopercular border and preorbital without scales and covered with minute pores ; operculum scaly, with an inconspicuous spine.
Dorsal x 11; spines slender and rather flexible, 3rd spine longest slightly more than 4 length of head, succeeding spines decreasing in length to the last which is a little longer than penultimate one and about the same height as the 3rd but shorter than the soft rays. Pectorals + length of head. Ventrals ? length of head, reaching to origin of anal. Anal iii 9; spines moderately strong, 3rd longest ; soft rays a little lower than those of soft dorsal. Caudal damaged in specimen ; lat. 1. 45, lat. tr. =%.
Colour, a pale flesh tint.
One specimen, 260 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson Natal; who supplies a note of the colour, and states that the fish is taken on hand-lines in the open sea off the Natal Coast south of
Durban.
APRION FILAMENTOSUS (C. and V.).
Teeth, villiform with an outer row of widely set canines, the anterior ones largest. Depth of body nearly 34 times in total length exclud- ing caudal, length of head nearly 4 times. Snout equals interorbital width and is 1% times diameter of eye, which is 4% times in length of head ; distance between eye and angle of mouth equals ;', diameter of orbit. Lower jaw prominent projecting beyond upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of eye and slightly covered by preorbital ; preoperculum emarginate, angle rounded and slightly produced ; 7 series of scales between eye and angle of preoperculum ; operculum with two blunt inconspicuous spines.
Dorsal x 11; spines strong; 4th spine longest nearly 4 length of
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 227
head, succeeding spines decreasing to last which is nearly ® height of longest; soft rays same height as adjacent spine except the last which is about double the length of the preceding. Pectorals slightly longer than head. Ventrals about % length of head. Anal iii 8; 2nd spine not quite as long as 3rd which is about 4 the height of longest spine of dorsal; soft rays subequal and about 1,3, times height of adjacent spine, except the last ray which is produced and nearly twice the height of the preceding rays. Caudal deeply lobed ; lat: 1962; Tat. an. 5S.
Colour (of preserved specimen), grey with a reddish tinge on back and yellowish on sides.
One specimen, 632 mm. in length, from Durban market.
GERRES LINEOLATUS, Giinth.
Depth of body 24 to 22 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 to 34 times. Snout equals interorbital width and is slightly greater than diameter of eye, which is 3 to 34 times in length of head. Maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin of eyes.
Dorsal ix 10; spines slender ; 2nd spine longest, 3 length of head and about 4 height of body. Pectorals about 14 times length of head, reaching to anal. Ventrals 3 length of head. Anal iii 7; 2nd spine slightly longer and stronger than 3rd, about same strength as 2nd spine of dorsal and from 2 to 2 its height. Caudal deeply forked, the upper lobe longer and about 14 times length of head, scaleless ; lat. 1. 40-45, lat. tr. 4%.
Two specimens, one 152 mm. in length, from Durban Museum ; the other, 176 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
Famity SQUAMIPINNHES.
CHHTODON LUNULA, Lacép.
Depth of body 13 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 34 times. Snout a little longer than diameter of eye, which equals the interorbital width and is a little more than 3 times in length of head. Dorsal profile much elevated, and concave before the eyes; snout produced, jaws equal, upper lip very thick; maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior nostril, which has a flap ;
228 Annals of the South African Museum.
preoperculum very finely serrated, more coarsely so at angle, which is rounded,
Dorsal xii 22; commences above base of pectorals ; spines strong and low anteriorly, rising to 5th which is * length of head ; from 5th to 12th the spines are subequal; soft portion of fin rounded and slightly higher in the centre than the longest spines. Pectorals + length of head. Ventrals ? length of head, spine strong and about 3 height of adjacent ray which reaches to vent. Anal iii 18; 2nd spine strongest and same length as 3rd, which is slightly higher than longest dorsal spine ; soft portion of fin similar to soft dorsal, but the middle rays are about } higher. Caudal nearly truncate, 3 length of head. Scales ciliated, cover the whole of the head; lat. 1. 40, ceases below last two or three rays of soft dorsal; lat. tr. 74.
Colour (of preserved specimen), brown; a dark band about the diameter of the eye in width behind middle of orbits, passing down- wards through eye where it widens out on posterior margin, and again contracting passes on to the lower margin of preoperculum; a dark band passing downwards and forwards from base of 5th and 6th spines of dorsal, where it is about # diameter of eye in width, to opercular border above base of pectorals, where it is about twice diameter of eye; another dark band passes from its upper end along base of dorsal, and in the oval space embraced by these two last- mentioned bands is a much fainter band; a dark band on border of spinous and soft dorsals, with a second band running diagonally through the soft dorsal meeting a large dark spot at base of caudal ; a pair of dark bars across caudal; anal with a narrow dark band on its outer third and a black band on the edge.
One specimen, 110 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
EPHIPPUS FABER, Brouss.
Depth of body 12 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head nearly 34 times. Snout 2% times diameter of eye, which is 1? times in interorbital space and 3? times in length of head. Upper profile of head much elevated, rising rapidly from snout to dorsal fin, a protuberance at anterior upper angle of orbits, the profile thence to point of snout slightly concave. Least depth of preorbital nearly 13 times diameter of eye; upper lip thick and slightly pro- jecting beyond lower, cleft of mouth small, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior nostril; preoperculum narrow, the vertical limb and angle finely denticulated.
Dorsal viii, 1 20; 3rd, 4th, and 5th spines elongate and filiform at
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 229
extremities, the 3rd being longest and 14 times length of head, the remaining spines short and strong. Anterior soft rays elongate, about $ length of 8rd spine and from 4 to 3 height of the rays in posterior third of fin. Pectorals 44, length of head. Ventrals, 1st ray elongate, 12’ times length of head and reaching to anal. Anal ii 18; anterior rays elongate and about same height as those of soft dorsal, succeeding rays descending to about } of that height, the upper margin of the fin being slightly concave. Caudal emargi- nate, equals length of head. Bases of vertical fins scaled; lat. 1. 65.
Colour (of preserved specimen), grey, with about 6 faint brownish cross bands on body, the anterior band passing through the eye.
One specimen, 216 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
This fish is characteristic of the Atlantic coast of America, and its occurrence at Natal, where so many of the fishes of the Indian Ocean and Eastern seas are found, is of interest.
Faminy MULLIDAL.
UPENEUS NATALENSIS, Nn. sp.
Teeth, a single series of teeth in both jaws, the most posterior widely apart. Depth of body 3 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3,3; times. Snout 3 times diameter of eye, which is nearly 1} times in interorbital width and 58 times in length of head. Height of head nearly equals its length; snout somewhat protruding, with a transverse groove in front of anterior nostril ; upper jaw slightly overlaps lower; maxillary, which is very broad posteriorly, reaches to vertical of about two-thirds of the way from snout to anterior margin of orbits; preorbital naked and covered with small pores ; interorbital space convex ; opercular spine short and strong. Barbels reach to the vertical of posterior border of preoperculum.
Dorsal viii 9; 1st spine minute, 4th longest and nearly 2 length of head, remaining spines shortening posteriorly; 3 rows of scales between Ist and 2nd dorsal fins. Soft rays of 2nd dorsal anteriorly nearly # height of longest spine of 1st dorsal, shortening posteriorly to about # height of longest ray. Pectorals nearly + length of head. Ventrals nearly ,®, length of head. Anal i7; commences about in
16
230 Annals of the South African Musewm.
line with 3rd ray of 2nd dorsal, Ist spine minute, soft rays about same height anteriorly as those of 2nd dorsal and shortening posteriorly, the last ray being a little prolonged. Caudal deeply forked, lobes pointed, over + length of head; free portion of tail about 12 times as long as its least depth. Tubes of lateral line
arborescent, especially anteriorly; lat. 1. 29, lat. tr. 2 Scales
feebly ctenoid, extending over head to snout, 3 rows on cheeks, 2 entire rows between lateral line and bases of dorsal fins. Colour (of preserved specimen), reddish, edge of spinous dorsal black, a large dark blotch extending over the caudal peduncle from the lateral line of one side to the lateral line on the other. One specimen, 298 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
Famity SPARIDA.
SARGUS DURBANENSIS, Cast. (Brusher.)
Teeth, incisors stout, short and slightly recurved, with cutting edge, 4 on each jaw, the upper incisors project beyond the lower lip and are visible when the mouth is closed; 3 or 4 rows of rounded molars on upper jaw, 2 rows on lower, the last of the inner row being very large, oblong in circumference, and about 4 diameter of eye inlength. The body is relatively short, its depth being 2+ times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 34 times. Snout projects beyond lower jaw and is 32 times diameter of eye, which is 63 times in length of head and 2,7, times in interorbital space, which is convex. Upper lip broad in centre, maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of eye; preorbital emarginate in last # of lower edge, least depth 1} times diameter of eye; 6 or 7 series of scales between preorbital and angle of preoperculum; operculum with a blunt inconspicuous spine.
Dorsal xi 11; spines strong; 4th spine longest, 24 times in length of head, succeeding spines decreasing to = height of 4th; anterior soft rays a little shorter than longest spine, decreasing to about half that length. Pectorals nearly as long as head, pointed, reaching to vent. Ventrals a little more than # length of head. Anal iii 10; 3rd spine longest, 3 height of longest spine of dorsal; soft rays anteriorly + height of longest spine of dorsal, decreasing posteriorly to same height as those of soft dorsal. Caudal forked, =4, length of
2,150
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 231
head. Scales large, height nearly equalling vertical diameter of eye, those of the neck well marked, not extending between eyes; a row of fine scales on each ray of caudal. Lat. 1. 60, lat. tr. 47.
The specimen, 455 mm. in length, from which the above descrip- tion is taken, is a comparatively large fish, and was sent by Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal, who procured it off the Breakwater at Durban.
S. durbanensis, of Castelnau, is very insufficiently described ; his description of the incisors as “fort épaisses et arrondies en avant’’ seems to indicate that he referred to the species above described.
CANTHARUS MICROLEPIS, DN. sp.
Depth of body 22 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head nearly 33 times. Snout equals diameter of eye, which is slightly less than interorbital width and 31 times in length of head. Profile of head slightly depressed between the eyes; preorbital with a notch, its depth slightly over 4 the diameter of the eye; 8 series of scales between preorbital and inner angle of preoperculum; cleft of mouth oblique, lower jaw slightly longer than upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior nostril ; opercles scaled.
Dorsal xi 11; spines weak and flexible, 4th longest and about 4 length of head; soft portion of fin lower than spinous, the anterior rays which are longest being only about 4, length of longest spine. Pectorals as long as the head, reaching to anal. Ventrals ;4% length of head. Anal iii 10; 3rd spine longest, about * height of adjacent soft rays and about 4 height of longest spine of dorsal, Caudal deeply forked, 3%, length of head. Lat. 1. 95, lat. tr. 3$.
Colour (of preserved specimen), light brown, scales speckled with minute dark spots; fins blackish, a light longitudinal band along median line of body.
One specimen, 157 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
CANTHARUS SIMUS, N. sp.
Depth of body 24 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 times. Snout a little less than interorbital width and 12 times diameter of eye, which is 4} times in length of head. Profile of head elevated with a protuberance above and in front of the eyes, the profile of snout is concave giving a characteristic pug-nosed appearance; lower jaw projecting beyond upper; cleft of mouth curved, oblique; maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior nostvril,
232 Annals of the South African Museum.
which is an oblique slit in front of eye; preorbital not notched by maxillary bone, least depth about equals diameter of eye; 10 series of scales between preorbital and preopercular limb, which is covered with scales and has a rounded angle with minute scarcely percep- tible serrations.
Dorsal xi 11; spines moderately strong; 4th spine longest and about 4 length of head, succeeding spines decreasing to the last, which is about 2 height of 4th and a little lower than adjacent soft rays; soft portion of fin increases in length posteriorly to about {5 height of longest spine. Pectorals 1,8, length of head, reaching to anus. Ventrals nearly ? length of head. Anal ii 10, spines mode- rately strong; 2nd spine longer than 3rd, about same height as soft rays and equal to 2nd spine of dorsal; soft portion of fin similar to soft dorsal and about same height. Caudal forked, lobes covered with scales for over half their length. Scales on body ctenoid, moderately large; small on cheeks, opercles, and top of head where they reach to above the vertical of anterior third of eyes but with a naked space round the orbits ; base of soft dorsal and anal enclosed in a scaly sheath. Suprascapulary arch well marked. Lat. 1. 87, lat. tr. 39.
Colour (of preserved specimen), grey above, light-coloured below ; dorsal and anal blackish.
One specimen, 330 mm. in length, from the Fishmarket, Durban.
PAGELLUS AFFINIS, Blgr.
Depth of body equals length of head and is about 3 times in total length excluding caudal. Eye nearer end of snout than extremity of gill-cover, its diameter equals interorbital width and is 1} times in length of snout and 32 times in length of head. Maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin or third of eye ; preorbital about 2 as deep as long, maxillary edge slightly notched; 6 series of scales between preorbital and angle of preoperculum ; posterior nostril ovate.
Dorsal xii 10; spines flexible and anterior ones filamentous; 3rd spine longest, about + length of head and equals its distance from lateral line; soft rays about same height as longest spine, last ray slightly elongated. Pectorals about length of head, reaching to below origin of soft dorsal. Ventrals nearly 4 length of head. Anal iii 10; 2nd and 3rd spines about equal and 2 height of longest spine of dorsal; soft portion of fin similar to and about same height
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 233
as soft dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, 2 length of head. Lat. 1. 60, lat. tr. +5;.
Colour, a red fish (the ‘‘ Rooi Chor-chor’’ of Mossel Bay), with dark marks in the centre of some of the scales in the preserved state.
Two specimens, one 146 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robin- son, Natal; the other, 93 mm. in length, procured by ss. Pieter Faure by shrimp trawl, 12-19 fms., between anchorage St. John’s and Bluff Point.
These seem to be immature forms of Boulenger’s P. affinis, the type of which is a stuffed specimen, 1 ft. 2 in. in length, from Muscat, and a skin from the Cape of Good Hope, noticed under P. erythrinus by Giinther (Cat. Fish, i., pp. 474, 475) as belonging probably to a new species. Boulenger notes that the molar teeth are smaller than in P. erythrinus, and Gunther that there are 10 rays in the anal.
PAGELLUS LITHOGNATHUS, C. and Y.
Teeth, in 3 series on upper jaw, in 2 rows anteriorly and 1 posteriorly on lower jaw, the molars in the single series being double the size of the others. Depth of body about equals length of head and is 3 times in total length excluding caudal. Snout 3,1, times diameter of eye, which is nearly twice in interorbital width and 63 times in length of head; snout produced, upper lip thick and very protractile, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior nostril and bent with the concavity downwards and forwards ; pre- orbital much narrower posteriorly, its greatest depth 21 times diameter of eye; 7 series of scales between preorbital and angle of preoperculum ; posterior nostril elongated.
Dorsal xi 10; spines moderately strong, compressed ; 4th spine longest, its length equal to the distance between the 3rd and 7th spines and equals ? length of head; spinous portion of fin higher than the soft-rayed. Pectorals nearly equal length of head and reach to anal. Ventrals about 4+ length of head, reaching to vent. Anal iii 8; spines strong; 2nd and 3rd about equal in height, about 2 height of longest spine of dorsal and over + height of soft rays, which are a little higher than those of soft dorsal; the last ray of the anal is slightly produced beyond the preceding rays and is nearly the same height as the first rays. Caudal forked. Scales fairly large, ciliated. Lateral line slightly curved and runs parallel
to the back. Lat. 1. 46 and 5 or 6 on caudal, lat. tr.
234 Annals of the South African Museum.
Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform grey with faint dark cross-bars on body.
One specimen, 339 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal. The specimen is immature, and its description agrees with that given by Giinther for the young of P. lithognathus.
CHRYSOPHRYS PUGICEPHALUS, N. sp. (Daggerhead.)
Teeth, anteriorly 4 strong conical canines in upper, 6 in lower jaw; behind these are small rounded teeth the anterior of which are slightly conical and pass backwards to the large row of teeth on each jaw, which gradually increase in size, the most posterior being rounded but not greatly enlarged ; interior to the row of teeth in the jaws are two single rows of small rounded teeth. Depth of body 2,1, times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 24 times (34 times with caudal). Snout 2% times diameter of eye, which is 12 times in interorbital width and 5} times in length of head. Upper profile of neck slightly parabolic, that of head straight and obliquely descending; interorbital space very slightly convex ; preorbital slightly emarginate, least depth 12 times diameter of eye, 12 times as long as high and covers maxillary bone nearly entirely ; 12 series of scales between preorbital and interior ridge of pre- operculum, the limb of which is entirely covered with scales ; cleft of mouth slightly oblique, jaws about equal, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits; 2 blunt inconspicuous spines on operculum.
Dorsal xi 11; spines moderately strong, 4th to 6th longest and 1 length of head; anterior soft rays about same length as posterior spines, rising posteriorly to nearly the height of 4th spine. Pectorals a little longer than head, reaching to anterior soft rays of anal. Ventrals 2 length of head, reaching to vent. Anal iii 9; spines strong, 2nd spine longest and about + height of longest dorsal spines; soft rays highest posteriorly, where they are slightly higher than longest spines of dorsal. Caudal deeply emarginate, +4 length of head. Lat. 1. 60, lat. tr. =%.
Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform reddish yellow; a dark band across snout from eye to eye.
One specimen, 295 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal; caught off Durban.
Near C. cristiceps, but may be distinguished by longer head,
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 235
which in C. cristiceps is contained 3 times in length of body without caudal.
The local name, ‘“‘ Daggerhead,”’ does not, as might be supposed, refer to the shape of the head, but is a corruption of the Dutch word ‘“« Daageraad,”’ a name applied in Cape Colony to a fish somewhat resembling but not identical with this fish.
Fammy BERYCIDA.
HOLOCENTRUM sp.
Depth of body 2,%, times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 22 times. Snout 3 diameter of eye, which is 2* times in length of head ; interorbital width 2 diameter of eye and 4+ times in length of head; height of head equals its length without the snout, width of head equals 4 its length; maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbit; preoperculum denticulated on both vertical and horizontal limbs with an entire fluted spine at the angle 4 the diameter of the eye in length; operculum strongly denti- culated, with 2 distinct spines, the upper of which is longer than the lower but not quite equal to that on the preopercle; lower edge of preorbital serrated, with a triangular tooth-like process directed downwards; no nasal spines, turbinal bones ending anteriorly in 2 blunt processes ; posterior edge of sub- and inter-opercles and posterior half of upper edge of orbit denticulated; 2 sinuous bony ridges from nostrils through interorbital space and dividing on occiput into about 9 radiating ridges ending in spinate points.
Dorsal xi, i 12; 3rd to 5th spines longest, about 4 height of head and higher than soft rays, but shorter than the longest anal spine; interspinous membrane deeply cleft. Pectorals nearly 2 length of head and as long as ventrals, which reach to vent. Anal iv 9; 3rd spine very strong and nearly + of total length of body excluding caudal. Caudal forked. Scales not fluted, strongly ctenoid; 8 rows between occiput and base of dorsal fin, 7 or 8 rows along the preopercle. Lat. tr. 2.
Colour when fresh is reported as pinkish; in the preserved state it is grey, covered with minute brown specks on upper half of body and with 8 or 9 light yellowish lines along the body from head to caudal; spinous dorsal black, with a white longitudinal band on lower fourth.
236 Annals of the South African Musewm.
One specimen, 69 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal, procured at Port Natal. It is so much damaged posteriorly that a specific determination does not seem desirable.
Famity SCORPHINIDA.
ScoRPHNA NATALENSIS, Regan.
Teeth, a band of fine teeth on each jaw, a patch on vomer, and a narrow band on palatines. Depth of body nearly 2% times in total length excluding caudal, length of head nearly 24 times. Snout about 14 times diameter of eye, which equals interorbital width and is nearly 5 times in length of head. Jaws equal anteriorly, maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of eye. Head naked ; inter- orbital space concave with a pair of weak ridges; occiput with a quadrangular depression; a pair of nasal spines; each supraorbital ridge with 3 spines, with a spine near its posterior extremity; parieto- occipital region with a pair of spines on each side; 2 spines on temporal ridge; suborbital with 2 spines leading to a double spine on preoperculum, below which are 3 preopercular spines. Nine gill- rakers on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal xii 10; 4th spine longest, a little more than 2 length of head and double the height of penultimate spine, which is 2 the height of the last ; soft rays about the same height as longest spine. Pectorals 4, length of head, with 9 branched and 10 simple rays, nearly reaching origin of anal. Ventrals i 5; % length of head, extending to vent. Anal iii 5; 2nd and 3rd spines about same length, 4 length of head and 2 height of longest spine of dorsal ; soft rays similar to soft dorsal and about the same height. Caudal rounded, nearly 2 length of head. Lat. 1. 26, sc. 48,%, ?
Colour (of preserved specimen), body and fins marbled and spotted with brown.
One specimen, 167 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
ScORPHNA DURBANENSIS, N. sp.
Teeth, a band of fine teeth on each jaw, teeth on palate. Depth of body 3 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 23 times. Hye 13 times in snout and 4 to 4,%, times in head; inter- orbital width 14 times in diameter of eye. Lower jaw projects
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 237
beyond upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior half of orbits. Interorbital space concave with a small central and 2 lateral ridges; a quadrangular depression at occiput; supraorbital ridge with 4 spines, with an additional spine close behind them; occipital and temporal ridges spinate, with 2 and 3 spines respectively ; a spine at each anterior nostril; the ridge of spines in the suborbital region commences with 2 directed forwards and laterally over the maxilla, followed by 4, and ending in a double spine on preoperculum which has an additional 2 spines below.
Dorsal xii 10 ; spines strong, highest in middle; 4th or 4th and 5th longest, nearly $ length of head and nearly as high as longest soft rays. Soft rays about ,8, higher than the adjacent spine, which is strong and about double the length of the preceding one. Pectorals 17, the upper rays branched and 3 to # length of head, 11 lower rays simple. Ventrals i 5; 2 length of head. Anal iii 5; 2nd spine much stronger than 3rd, slightly longer than longest spine of dorsal and about 4+ length of head; anterior soft rays nearly + longer than rays of soft dorsal. Caudal rounded, 2 length of head. Lateral line tubes long, 23-24, lat. tr. 4.
Colour. The following description is supplied by Mr. Robinson: Fins, head, and body mottled brown and yellowish, stomach below gills and ventrals scarlet, stomach behind ventrals slightly tinged with red, ventrals tinged with red, especially at the base, fringe of gills near belly reddish tinge.
Three specimens, 177 mm., 179 mm., 168 mm. in length respec- tively, the two largest from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal, the smallest from Durban Museum.
This species differs from S. natalensis in several particulars, the most obvious of which is the relative length of the last two spines.
ScoRPHNA SCROFA, L.
Teeth, a villiform band on each jaw, a narrow chevron-shaped band on vomer, and a few on upper end of palatines. Depth of body 38 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 91 times. Snout 1? times diameter of eye, which is 4% times in length of head; interorbital width 11 times diameter of eye. Head scaleless and smooth, width ,4% its length; maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior half of orbits; orbital tentacles about 4 diameter of eye, interorbital space deeply concave; vertex with a quadrangular depression broader than long, bounded by a spinate ridge on each side proceeding from middle of posterior margin of orbits to
238 Annals of the South African Musewm.
operculum and ending in a spine; orbital ridge spinate and crossing this depression and ending in a strong spine; a transverse depression before orbits in front of which the snout forms a bony knob between anterior nostrils with a strong spine on either side to the rear; preorbital with 3 irregular spines on its lower margin and with a spinate ridge proceeding from its anterior margin through the base of these spines and across the cheek to the upper preopercular spine; preoperculum with 3 spines, operculum with 2; a strong spine on shoulder girdle above base of pectoral fin; a tubercle on chin at symphysis of lower jaw.
Dorsal xii 10; spines strong, deeply notched anteriorly, 3rd spine longest, a little more than 4 height of body, and ? length of head, the following spines decrease in length to the 11th, which is + the height of the last, forming a notch between spinous and soft portions of the fin; soft dorsal slightly higher than spinous. Pectorals vii 10; upper rays longest and branched, lower rays simple, ? length of head. Ventrals nearly * length of head. Anal iii 5; spines strong, 3rd slightly longer than 2nd and about 2 height of longest spine of dorsal and 47, length of head; soft rays about 1$ times height of those of soft dorsal. Caudal slightly rounded, {3 length of head, rays divided. Tat. I. 21, se. 41,5.
Colour (of preserved specimen), body dark mottled grey with black dots, dorsal, caudal, and anal fins with black spots.
One specimen, 263 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
Most readily distinguishable from S. natalensis by larger eye, and from S. durbanensis by length of last spine of dorsal. ,
Faminy TRICHIURID AS.
TRICHIURUS HAUMELA, Forsk.
Depth of body 144 times in total length including tail, length of head 74 times. Snout 24 times diameter of eye, which is slightly less than interorbital width and 6,4, times in length of head ; height of head 2 its length. Eyes situated high up touching profile and less than half the depth of the head where they are situated ; inter- orbital space flat, dorsal profile between upper surface of eye and end of snout slightly concave; lower jaw considerably prolonged beyond upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior half of eyes, distance from eye to upper jaw about 3 diameter of orbit.
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 239
Dorsal 128 ; commences over hind margin of preoperculum, rays weak and filamentous, low anteriorly, the highest which are in the posterior half of the body about 2 length of head. Pectorals nearly 2 length of head. No ventrals. Anal in the form of about 68 free spines which are minute but distinct. No caudal fin, the tail tapering to a point at a distance rather more than the length of the head from last ray of dorsal. Lateral line passes downwards behind pectorals to lower third of side.
Colour (of preserved specimen), silvery with a large black blotch about middle of body passing through dorsal rays; dorsal and pectorals light-coloured with dark extremities, caudal black.
One specimen, 842 mm. in length, including tail, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
Faminy CARANGIDA.
CARANX ROTTLERI, Bl.
Teeth, villiform on upper jaw with an outer row of rather widely separated conical ones; in 2 or 3 rows at symphysis of lower jaw with a single lateral row; teeth on vomer palatines and tongue. Depth of body 32 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head nearly 4 times. Snout, diameter of eye and interorbital width are equal and a little more than 34 times in length of head. Hye with a broad anterior and posterior adipose lid, both covering a portion of the pupil; greatest width of head slightly more than 4 its length, its height equals the length behind anterior margin of eye ; lower jaw longer than upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of eye; there is a gradual ascent from the snout to the origin of the dorsal fin, and the dorsal and abdominal profiles are about equally convex.
Dorsal viii, i 10, ix; spines of first dorsal moderately strong, 3rd spine highest and nearly 2 height of body; anterior soft rays of second dorsal about 4 height of body, with 9 detached rays posteriorly. Pectorals falciform and 11 times length of head, reach- ing to about 20th plate on lateral line. Ventrals about 4 length of head. Anal ii, i 8, viii; similar in form to soft dorsal but slightly lower and with 8 free posterior rays. Caudal deeply forked. An oval patch of scales on the central line in front of ventral fins, the breast otherwise being scaleless. Lateral line makes a short strong curve anteriorly, the height of which equals 4 its length, becoming
240 Annals of the South African Museum.
straight below middle of first dorsal fin where wide plates commence, the highest slightly more than 4 height of body, they are most strongly keeled over the free portion and base of tail; caudal peduncle strongly depressd. Scutes 54.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark brown on back, lighter and with a yellowish tint below; a black spot on operculum, tip of dorsal fin and posterior edge of caudal black.
One specimen, 193 mm. in length, from Durban.
CARANX CILIARIS, Bl.
Teeth, in villiform bands on jaws; teeth on vomer, palatines, and tongue. Depth of body about 14 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head about 3 times. Snout slightly longer than diameter of eye, which is 3} to 34 times in length of head and about equal to the interorbital width. Eyes without adipose lids; lower jaw projects slightly beyond upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of eye; greatest height of preorbital nearly equals diameter of eye ; width of opercle nearly 4 its height ; profile of head and snout rounded, with a swelling opposite the eyes causing a slight concavity above and below them.
Dorsal vi, i 19; spines of 1st dorsal rudimentary; soft dorsal commences at the most elevated point of the back, and has its first 5 or 6 rays very elongate and filamentary. Pectorals slightly longer than head. Ventrals about 3 length of head, reaching to about spines of anal. Anal ii,i 16; anterior soft rays elongate and fila- mentary similar to those of soft dorsal. Caudal deeply forked. Scales absent, except on lateral line which makes a bold curve anteriorly becoming straight below about middle of soft dorsal ; about 12-16 more or less distinct scutes.
Colour (of preserved specimens), grey with a dark opercular spot, anterior rays of dorsal and anal dark and with a black spot at their base on dorsal fin.
Three specimens, 142 mm., 138 mm., 126 mm. in length respec- tively, from Durban Museum.
CARANX HIPPOS, L.
Teeth, in a villiform band in upper jaw, with an outer series of stronger ones; in a single series on lower jaw, and a canine on each side of symphysis; teeth on vomer, palatines, and tongue. Depth of body 23 to 23 times in total length excluding caudal, length of
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 241
head 3 to nearly 34+ times. Snout 14 to 14 times diameter of eye, which is about 4 to 41 times in length of head and slightly less than interorbital width. Eye with a broad posterior adipose lid; greatest width of head about 4 its length, its height nearly equals its length ; lower jaw rather longer than upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior third of eye; greatest depth of preorbital + to Z diameter of eye.
Dorsal vii, i 20; 3rd spine longest, nearly 2? length of head and about 4 height of body; soft rays about 4 height of body. Pectorals 12 times length of head. Ventrals nearly $ length of head. Anal ii, i 17; similar to and a little lower than soft dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, about as long as the head. Breast scaly. Lateral line strongly bent, the width of the curve being about 12 times in the straight portion, the latter begins in the vertical of 2nd or 3rd dorsal ray ; scutes 32-33 well developed and distinct along the straight portion of the lateral line, the keeled plates being largest below last portion of dorsal fin.
Colour (of preserved specimens), brownish above, yellowish below; a small black spot on opercle just before commencement of lateral line, top of second dorsal black, anal with a grey tinge, posterior border of lobed caudal with a black edge.
Two specimens, one 268 mm. in length from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal, the other 187 mm. in length procured in Durban market.
CARANX CARANGUS, BI. (King-fish.)
Teeth, in villiform band on upper jaw, with an outer series of enlarged ones; in a single series in the lower jaw some of the teeth in which are longer than the others ; a pair of canines at symphysis of lower jaw; teeth on vomer, palatines, and tongue. Depth of body 24 to 2? times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 to 34 times. Snout 14 to 14 times diameter of eye, which equals interorbital width and is 4 times in length of head. Kye with a narrow posterior adipose lid; greatest width of head nearly 2 its length, greatest height about equal to or a little greater than its length; lower jaw a little longer than upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of eye; greatest depth of preorbital nearly equals diameter of eye.
Dorsal viii, i 22; 3rd spine longest, about 2 length of head and about + height of body; longest soft rays about + length of head. Pectorals 14 to 14 times length of head. Ventrals about 4 length of
242 Annals of the South African Museum.
head. Anal ii, i 18; similar to soft dorsal but lower. Caudal deeply forked, a little longer than head. Breast naked. Lateral line strongly bent, the width of arch 12 to 14 times in length of straight portion which latter begins below 6th ray of dorsal. Scutes 35-36, well developed and distinct on straight portion of lateral line, the keeled plates being largest below end of dorsal fin.
Colour (of preserved specimens), greyish ; no opercular spot.
Three specimens, one 222 mm. in length from Durban Museum ; the others, 239 mm., 160 mm. in length respectively, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
CARANX CHRYSOPHRYOIDES, Bleek.
Teeth, in narrow villiform bands on both jaws; teeth on vomer, palatines, and tongue. Depth of body nearly twice in total length excluding caudal, length of head a little less than 3 times. Snout 14 times diameter of eye, which is 44+ times in length of head and 14 times in interorbital width; occipital crest well developed, snout bluntly obtuse, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of eye; depth of preorbital 1,3, times diameter of eye and partly concealing maxillary bone; height of head equals or slightly exceeds its length.
Dorsal viii, i 20; spines of first dorsal weak, the 2nd and 38rd spines longest and about + length of head, the last two spines are separate from the rest. Anterior rays of soft dorsal produced and a little over 4 height of body. Pectorals 14 times length of head and 2 total length of body excluding caudal. Ventrals nearly 1 length of head. Anal ii, i 16; similar to soft dorsal and about the same height. Caudal deeply forked, slightly longer than head. Breast from behind ventral fins and as high as base of pectorals scaleless ; lateral line parallel to dorsal profile and becomes straight below posterior half of soft dorsal. Scutes 30 (circa), feeble except the last few at base of caudal.
Colour (of preserved specimen), grey; opercular spot black, soft dorsal anal and posterior margin of caudal slightly tinged with black.
One specimen, 212 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal; caught in Durban Bay.
CARANX DJEDDABA, Bl.
Teeth, a single series of fine teeth on each jaw ; teeth on vomer and palatines, and a bony plate on tongue which is also finely
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 243
toothed. Depth of body 23 to 244, times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4 times. Snout a little longer than diameter of eye, which is slightly less than interorbital width and about 4 times in length of head; greatest width of head about half its length, greatest height a little less than its length; eyes with a broad posterior adipose lid which extends slightly over the pupil ; lower jaw a little longer than upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits ; greatest width of preorbital about 2 diameter of eye.
Dorsal vii—viil, 1 22-23; spines of first dorsal not very strong, 3rd spine longest and about 8, height of body; anterior rays of soft dorsal 2 height of body. Pectorals nearly 4 length of body, reaching to above 5th anal ray. Ventrals about $ length of head. Anal ii, i19; similar to soft dorsal but a little lower. Caudal deeply forked, 14 times length of head. Breast scaly. Scales on cheeks, upper margin of operculum, top of head, and on base of soft dorsal and anal fins. Lateral line curved anteriorly, becoming straight below 2nd or 3rd ray of soft dorsal, height of arch about + its length which is 24 to 24 times in the length of the straight portion ; keeled plates commence on first scale of straight portion of lateral line and continue the whole of its length; they are well developed, the largest occur below posterior half of soft dorsal where they are nearly 4 the height of the body. Scutes 45-52.
Colour (of preserved specimens), dark grey on top, light with a yellowish tinge below; a black spot on operculum, first dorsal and posterior border of upper lobe of caudal blackish, upper edge of posterior portion of soft dorsal tinged with grey. In the fresh state the fish is silvery, greenish on back.
Two specimens, 190 mm., 172 mm. in length respectively, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
CARANX CALLA, C. and V.
Teeth, in a single series on both jaws; teeth on vomer, palatines, and tongue. Depth of body 2? times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3$ times. Snout equals interorbital width and is slightly less than diameter of eye, which is 34 times in length of head; greatest width of head a little more than 4 its length, greatest height nearly equals its length. Hye with narrow anterior and broad posterior adipose lids; lower jaw slightly longer than upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of eye ; greatest depth of preorbital equals nearly 2 diameter of eye; abdominal profile more convex than that of the back.
244 Annals of the South African Museum.
Dorsal viii, i 24; spines of first dorsal weak, 2nd and 38rd longest, 2 length of head and # height of anterior rays of soft dorsal. Pectorals falciform, nearly as long as head. Ventrals a little more than 4+ length of head. Anal ii, i 19; soft rays commence below 6th or 7th ray of soft dorsal, similar to soft dorsal but not so high. Caudal forked, 14 times in length of head. Scales on breast and body, a few on cheeks below eye, a well-developed sheath on dorsal and anal fins. Lateral line strongly curved anteriorly, becoming straight about the vertical of origin of soft dorsal; scutes 45, well developed and occupying the whole of the straight portion.
Colour (of preserved specimen), bluish above, silvery below; a black spot on opercle ; dorsal covered with. minute black specks, spinous portion dark, soft portion edged with black.
One specimen, 126 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
CARANGICHTHYS TYPUS, Bleek.
Teeth, in narrow bands on both jaws, the outer row rather larger than inner; teeth on vomer, palatines, and tongue. Depth of body nearly twice in total length excluding caudal, length of head nearly 3 times. Snout 1} times diameter of eye, which is nearly 4 times in length of head and slightly less than the interorbital width ; greatest width of head nearly 4 its length, greatest depth slightly less than its length; lower jaw a little longer than upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of eye; no adipose lids, but the skin slightly projects over the eye; vertical margin of preoperculum denticulated, with stronger denticulations at the angle, which is rounded.
Dorsal viii, i 18; spines of first dorsal weak, 3rd and 4th spines longest and nearly ? length of head; anterior rays of 2nd dorsal prolonged and about # height of body. Pectorals about ~ length of head. Ventrals a little more than 2 length of head, nearly reaching to anal spines. Anal ii, i 17; anterior rays elongated and fila- mentous, about same height as soft dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, about as long as head. Breast scaleless. Scales on cheeks, preopercle, upper part of operculum, top of head, and body. Lateral line makes a long curve to below middle of soft dorsal, where it becomes straight and is armed with keeled scales which are strongest on the free portion of the tail. Scutes 26.
Colour (of preserved specimen), grey, a dark spot on operculum, dorsal and anal fins covered with minute brown specks, posterior
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 245
half of caudal lobes of a dark shade and covered with similar specks. One specimen, 114 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
PSETTUS FALCIFORMIS, Lacép.
Teeth, villiform, in many rows on jaws, numerous on vomer, palatines, and tongue. Depth of body 1% times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 31 times. Snout 4 diameter of eye, which is 2? times in length of head, interorbital width 32 diameter of eye. Cleft of mouth oblique, lower jaw projects beyond upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of first 3rd of orbits; angle of preoperculum slightly serrated; greatest depth of preorbital equals 4 diameter of eye.
Dorsal viii 28; spines strong and very low; anterior soft rays produced, # length of head and 4 times as high as rays of posterior two-thirds of fin. Pectorals 2 length of head. Ventrals very small, 4 length of head, the spine longest, the soft rays being minute. Anal iii 29, spines moderate; anterior soft rays slightly higher than anterior rays of soft dorsal, the succeeding rays shortening to the last, which is + height of anterior rays. Caudal deeply emarginate, slightly longer than head. Lateral line forms a long arch, becoming straight on free portion of tail. Lat. 1.47 + 4.
Colour (of preserved specimen), silvery, dark above ; anterior rays of soft dorsal and anal black at extremity, caudal yellow with dark edge.
One specimen, 134 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
SERIOLICHTHYS BIPINNULATUS, Q. and G.
Teeth, villiform on jaws, vomer, palatines, and tongue. Depth of body 4% times in total length excluding caudal, length of head nearly 4 times. Snout 2,1, times diameter of eye, which is 14 times in interorbital width and 52 times in length of head. Body elon- gated and compressed, its greatest depth opposite origin of soft dorsal; snout long and pointed, lower jaw longer than upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of about midway between nostril and anterior margin of eye; gill-opening cleft as far forward as maxillary.
Dorsal vi, i 25, 2; spines of 1st dorsal weak, interspinous mem- branes deeply cleft, 3rd and 4th spines longest and about equal to diameter of eye. Anterior portion of 2nd dorsal highest, nearly
ily
246 Annals of the South African Museum.
2 length of head, succeeding rays decrease in length to 10th, the remainder being subequal but with their branched extremities produced: beyond the connecting membranes; at a short distance behind the soft dorsal is a finlet composed of two rays, the posterior one rather elongated and extending almost to base of caudal. Pec- torals short, + length of head. Ventrals about equal in length to pectorals. Analil7, 2; similar to soft dorsal but not so high, and with a similar finlet posteriorly. Caudal deeply forked, 1,5, times length of head. Scales on cheeks, behind eyes, upper edge of operculum and on body; a narrow band along base of soft dorsal as far as 10th ray, wider anteriorly, and a similar band on base ofsanal, Gat): 105; late tr, 22:
Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform dark brown, caudal light- coloured.
One specimen, 429 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
As compared with description of S. bipinnulatus the eye is much smaller, and maxillary does not reach to front margin of eye, but it probably is identical with this species.
Famity SCOMBRIDA.
ScOMBER COLIAS, Gmel.
Teeth, in a single row on both jaws; minute on palate. Depth of body 52 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head nearly 34 times. Snout nearly 14 times diameter of eye, which equals interorbital width and is 43 times in length of head; greatest width of head 2,8, times in its length. Eyes with narrow anterior and broad posterior adipose lids; interorbital space flat with a trans- lucent oblong space between and slightly in front of the eyes ; lower jaw slightly longer than upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior 3rd of eye, and is hidden by preorbital; preoperculum broad, the space between the angle and the anterior ridge is marked by striations diverging from a common centre.
Dorsal x, i 11, v; spines of first dorsal weak and receivable into a groove; 2nd and 3rd spines longest, not quite 4 length of head, succeeding spines rapidly decreasing, the last spine separate and almost concealed; distance between the two dorsals equals the height of the longest spine. Second dorsal low, upper edge slightly
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 247
concave, anterior soft rays nearly 4 height of longest spine of Ist dorsal; finlets commence just behind the fin and are opposite and similar to those of anal. Pectorals nearly 4 length of head. Ven- trals a little more than 2? length of head. Anali,i11, v; similar to soft dorsal and about the same height. Caudal deeply forked, % length of head. Scales on upper portion of operculum and top of head as far as the eyes. Lat. 1. se. 200 (circa).
Colour (of preserved specimen), greenish black on upper half of body, with about 30 wavy chevron-like black transverse streaks; lower part of body light-coloured; body and fins covered with numerous minute dark brown specks, lower half of caudal brown with an oblique white streak at base of each lobe.
One specimen, 184 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,
Natal.
ScOMBER MICROLEPIDOTUS, Riipp.
Teeth, in a single series, none on vomer or palate. Depth of body slightly greater than length of head and nearly 3% times in total length excluding caudal. Snout equals the interorbital width and slightly longer than diameter of eye, which is nearly 4 times in length of head; jaws about equal, cleft of mouth deep, maxillary concealed by preorbital; length of preorbital nearly 4 that of the head, its greatest depth a little more than * diameter of eye ; inter- orbital space flat.
Dorsal xi, 1 11, v; spines of first dorsal weak, receivable into a groove; 2nd spine longest and nearly 2 length of head, remainder decrease rapidly in length posteriorly. Distance between 1st and 2nd dorsals equals about $ the length of the base of the latter; the upper edge of second dorsal concave, anterior ray about 4 length of head ; finlets commence just behind second dorsal and are similar and opposite to those of anal. Pectorals short, slightly more than 4 length of head. Ventrals nearly $ length of head. Anali 11, v; similar to soft dorsal and about same height. Caudal with deeply pointed lobes, about + length of head. Scales rather larger below pectoral fin, minute scales on soft dorsal and anal fins. Lateral line slightly curved; sc. 150 (cirea).
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark bluish brown above, yellowish below median line; dorsal pectoral and caudal fins covered with minute dark specks, a row of dark spots along base of caudal.
One specimen, 155 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal; apparently an immature specimen.
248 Annals of the South African Museum.
CyBIUM COMMERSONH, Lacép.
Teeth, strong triangular teeth on each jaw, the lateral ones longest ; a patch on vomer and a band on palatines. Depth of body a little more than 4 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 41 times. Snout 12 times diameter of eye, which is 14 times in interorbital width and 5, times in length of head ; greatest width of head 2, greatest height 2 its length. Maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior margin of orbits; posterior border of preoper- culum slightly emarginate, and the angle rounded and very slightly produced.
Dorsal xvi, iii 13, 10 (finlets) ; spines of 1st dorsal weak ending in thin filamentous points beyond the membrane, which is notched ; 2nd dorsal highest in front with its upper margin concave, com- mencing a little in advance of anal, longest rays 2 length of head. Pectorals 2 length of head. Ventrals small, about + length of head. Anal iii 13, 10 (finlets); commences a little behind soft dorsal which it resembles. Caudal longer than head, with pointed lobes, each with a raised oblique ridge across base. Lateral line undulating, situated in upper 4th of body as far as middle of soft dorsal, where it makes a strong curve downwards and continues in a wavy line to caudal, where it ends in a raised keel between the bases of either lobe.
Colour, dark bluish on back shading off to silver on belly, a series of irregular dark spots of fair size on sides above belly, anal fin dark bluish at base shading off to white at tip, pectorals white with dark lines, spinous dorsal transparent posteriorly, dark anteriorly, soft dorsal dark; the vertical fins are covered with minute brownish spots in the preserved specimen.
One specimen, 320 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal, who kindly supplies a note of the colour when alive. Much larger specimens are common at Durban, and this is apparently a comparatively young and immature form.
ECHENEIS REMORA, L.
Depth of body 7 times in total length excluding caudal; length of head including disk 2,7, times, without disk a little more than 4 times; breadth of body between pectorals 53 times. Eye 34 times in distance from end of snout and 74 times in length of head. Hyes transversely oval, situated about the centre of the length of the head, and the same distance apart superiorly and inferiorly. Lower
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 249
jaw longer than upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin of orbits.
Dorsal 17, 19. Disk elliptical, rather broader posteriorly than anteriorly ; length twice the breadth and 2+ times in total length excluding caudal; 17 transverse lamine each with a toothed posterior margin, the teeth being in 3 rows, a smooth elevation dividing the disk along central line; the most anterior lamin are directed forwards, the most posterior slightly backwards, the remainder nearly transverse ; external to the disk is a moderately wide fleshy membrane which posteriorly extends nearly to tip of pectorals and anteriorly does not reach to point of snout. The 2nd dorsal is situated opposite the anal, commencing midway between last lamina of disk and base of caudal and highest in front, the anterior rays being about 2 length of head. Pectorals situated behind posterior upper angle of operculum and opposite last 3rd (14th lamina) of disk, nearly 2 length of head. Ventrals nearly # length of head, their length about equals the distance between root of pectorals and anterior margin of eye. Anal 17, similar to soft dorsal. Caudal deeply emarginate, slightly more than ? length of head.
Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform brown; the specimen is covered with dried mucous, which gives it a bluish tinge.
One specimen, 163 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
ECHENEIS CLYPEATA, Ginth.
Teeth, an outer row of widely set strong teeth on anterior part of lower jaw, and on vomer. Depth of body 8 times in total length excluding caudal; length of head including disk 2+ times, without disk 3,°, times ; breadth of body between pectorals 5% times. Hyes about 6 diameters from end of snout and 10 times in length of head; situated about the centre of the length of head and 8 times their diameter apart. Lower jaw longer than upper, maxillary reaches to the vertical from the 2nd lamina.
Dorsal 13, 17; disk elliptical, broadest in centre, width nearly 2 its length, which is about 2+ times in total length excluding caudal and extending backwards nearly to tip of pectorals; 13 transverse laminz each with two rows of teeth on the posterior margin, a smooth elevation dividing the disk along central line, anterior lamine directed slightly forwards, central nearly transverse, posterior slightly backwards ; a wide fleshy membranaceous margin to disk. The 2nd dorsal is situated in the posterior 3rd of the body, com-
250 Annals of the South African Museum.
mencing behind origin of anal, and is shorter and slightly lower than the anal. Pectorals rounded, 2 length of head, originating opposite 9th and 10th lamine of disk. Ventrals 2 length of head, their length less than the distance between root of pectorals and anterior margin of eye; they are inserted below root of pectorals. Anal 22; similar to soft dorsal. Caudal subtruncate, angles rounded, 2 length of head.
Colour (of preserved specimen), whitish brown.
One specimen, 174 mm. in length, from Durban.
ZEUS CAPENSIS, C. and V.
Depth of body twice in total length excluding caudal, length of head 25 times. Snout 1,7, times diameter of eye, which is a little more than 14 times interorbital width and 3+ times in length of head. Cleft of mouth very oblique, lower jaw projects beyond upper, maxillary reaches to verticalsof posterior nostril; 13 bony plates, each with a single spine, along base of soft dorsal, 11 along base of anal; 8 bony plates between ventral and anal, the first being median in position the others paired one on each side.
Dorsal x 23 ; spinous membranes filamentous ; 4th spine longest, nearly 4 length of head, remaining spines decreasing posteriorly, the last two being very short; soft rays very short anteriorly, increasing posteriorly to 2 height of longest spine. Pectorals nearly $ length of head. Ventrals over ? length of head, reaching to origin of anal. Anal iv 21; 2nd spine longest, about * height of longest spine of dorsal; soft rays low anteriorly, increasing posteriorly to about same height as longest rays of soft dorsal. Caudal nearly 2 length of head, truncate. Scales small.
Colour (of preserved specimen), brownish white; a dark spot a little smaller than eye occurs on the body below the posterior spines and just over the lateral line.
One specimen, 293 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
Faminy TRACHINIDA.
LATILUS ARGENTATUS, C. and V. Teeth, canines on posterior half of each jaw, the last tooth on upper jaw strongest. Depth of body about 34 times in total length excluding caudal and about equal to length of head. Snout about
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 201
14 times diameter of eye, which is about 11 times in interorbital width and a little over 4 to 42 times in length of head. Profile of head flat on top with a bulge at anterior upper angle of orbits, from which it descends rapidly to point of snout at an angle of about 45°. Preorbital, least depth a little greater than diameter of eye. Pre- operculum finely serrated, more coarsely so at angle; operculum with a blunt inconspicuous spine ; cleft of mouth slightly oblique ; maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior nostril; jaws equal; eyes prominent and placed high in the head; a ridge on nape from orbits to origin of dorsal.
Dorsal vii 14; commences above base of pectorals, spines weak ; soft portion of fin higher than spinous, posterior rays longest and more than 4+ length of head. Pectorals pointed, 5th and 6th rays longest, nearly as long as head and reaching to vent, rays divided. Ventrals a little more than 4 length of head. Anal ii 12; similar to soft dorsal but not so high. Caudal truncate, 2 to } length of head. Scales moderately large, aera and extending over opercles and
cheeks. Lat. 1. 60-63, lat. tr. ne .
Colour (of preserved specimens), uniform whitish-brown, the dorsal crest black, as is also the basal part of the dorsal fin.
Two specimens, 325 mm. and 880 mm. in length respectively, procured by ss. Pieter Faure in 46-55 fms. mud, Tugela mouth, N. by W. 18 miles.
Famity PSEUDOCHROMIDES.
OPISTHOGNATHUS MUSCATENSIS, Bler.
Teeth, small, in two or three irregular rows in front and a single row behind. Depth of body slightly over 4 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 34 times. Snout a httle greater than interorbital width and 2 diameter of eye, which is nearly 4 times in length of head and placed high up and far forward. Snout obtuse, cleft of mouth reaches much beyond posterior margin of eye, maxillary truncated and produced to 1 times diameter of eye behind orbits. A pair of short tubercles on snout above symphysis of jaw; head covered with minute pores; greatest width of head nearly 2 its length, greatest height equals 1% length ; gill-openings wide, atenwt romaine to nape.
Dorsal 26 (xi 15 ?); spines very weak and abort same length as soft rays. Pectorals 19, broad and with rounded edge, 4 length of
252 Annals of the South African Musewm.
head. Ventrals 2 length of head. Anal 17, similar to soft dorsal. Caudal rounded, ~7, length of head.
Colour (of preserved specimen), brown marbled with darker shades, vertical fins dark with irregular black patches, a large oval black blotch on dorsal above pectorals.
One specimen, 319 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
If Gill’s subdivisions of this genus are accepted (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1862, p. 241), it should be placed under the genus Gnathypops, which he separates from Opisthognathus as having the maxillary of medium length and truncate behind, not extending to edge of opercle, caudal moderate, rounded behind.
Famiry PEDICULATI.
ANTENNARIUS HISPIDUS, Schn.
Teeth, cardiform on jaws and palate. Eyes high up, 2 diameters from point of snout; interorbital space 34 times diameter of eye; mouth subvertical, lower jaw a little compressed and width of gape exceeds that of cleft.
D. iii 12; A.7; P.10. Anterior dorsal spine about same length as 2nd, ending in a large tassel-like lobe about 4 the length of the spine, with numerous flattened short tentacles which sometimes have ciliated edges; 3rd spine equals } length of 1st; both 2nd and 3rd spines with short tentacles; no membrane between 3rd spine and soft dorsal. Skin covered with rough spines, which are bifid or trifid; a few cutaneous filaments which are longer and ciliated on chin,
Colour (of preserved specimen), body with dark reticulating lines ; dark cross-bars on vertical fins, about five on soft dorsal, three on anal, and five on caudal.
One specimen, 72 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
ANTENNARIUS PINNICEPS, Commers.
Teeth, cardiform on jaws and palatines. Eyes high up, small, oval, 2} diameters from end of snout and 2+ times in interorbital width ; mouth vertical.
D. iii 12; A. 7; P. 10. Anterior dorsal spine same length as 2nd, 3 times diameter of eye in length and terminating in 3 lanceolate flaps, the 2 outer of which are as long as the spine, the inner about
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 253
half the length; 3rd spine nearly as long as the other two, and with a flap of skin posteriorly but not reaching to soft dorsal. Skin covered with rough spines which are bifid, and with some small cutaneous filaments.
Colour (of preserved specimen), brown streaked and spotted with black, fins lighter brown streaked and spotted with black, belly without markings.
One specimen, 118 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
Faminy COTTIDA.
PLATYCEPHALUS MALABARICUS, C. and V.
Teeth, villiform on jaws, in two parallel bands on vomer, a long narrow band on palatines. Depth of body 81 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3} to 34 times. Snout 1? to twice diameter of eye, which is 51 to 5+ times in length of head; inter- orbital width } to 3 diameter of eye; width of head between pre- opercular spines equals * to # its length ; interorbital space slightly concave; maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits. Supraorbital margin with 6 or 7 teeth, the ridge extending from it to occiput with 1 or 2 teeth; a bony ridge from posterior margin of eye to shoulder spine with 3 or 4 teeth ; a strong spine at angle of pre- operculum with a very small one at its base superiorly, and inferiorly a larger one directed downwards and backwards; a bony ridge across preorbital to preopercular spine, with 2 or 3 teeth; anterior nostril with a flap; a small spine above axilla.
Dorsal i, viii 12; spines weak, 4th longest and nearly 4 length of head; 2nd dorsal anteriorly about as high as the Ist. Pectorals nearly 4 length of head. Ventrals 2 to + length of head, reaching to anal. Anal 12; commencing below 2nd ray of 2nd dorsal, rays low. Caudal truncate, over 4 length of head. Scales ctenoid, 8 rows between base of spinous dorsal and lateral line. Lat. 1. 78, lat. tr. 78 (?).
Colour (of preserved specimens), uniform brown, lighter below.
Two specimens, 182 mm. and 215 mm. in length respectively, from Durban Museum.
bo Or HS
Annals of the South African Musewm.
Faminy GOBIITDA.
GoBiIus aciuris, B. H.
Teeth of outer series enlarged ; no canines. Depth of body 54 to 52 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3} to 34 times. Snout 24 to 27 times diameter of eye, which is 83 to 74 times in length of head and 1} times in interorbital width ; greatest width of head 2 to * its length, greatest depth about 2. Interorbital space flat or very slightly concave; lower jaw projects beyond upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin of eye.
Dorsal vi, i 9; spines flexible; 3rd spine of 1st dorsal longest, about 4 length of head, succeeding spines shortening. The 2nd dorsal has the soft rays about same height as longest spine of Ist dorsal, and the posterior rays reach nearly to base of caudal. Pec- torals ® length of head and same length as ventrals. Anal i 8; similar to soft dorsal and about the same height. Caudal pointed, 4 length of head. Seales, vert. 11-12; extend over head almost to eyes where they are very much smaller than those on the rest of the body ; 20 rows before base of Ist dorsal fin. Scales on body com- paratively large, angular and ctenoid.
Colour (of preserved specimens), yellowish brown, with dark markings on head and irregular dark blotches on body, vertical fins spotted.
Two specimens, 263 mm. and 218 mm. in length, respectively, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal ; from Umgeni Lagoon, Durban.
These specimens do not agree exactly with Day’s G. giuris, differing in the number of scales before the dorsal; nor with G. giuris of Kner (Novara), which is provided with ‘einem deutlich vortretenden stumpfen dorne”’ on the preoperculum, not observed in either of our specimens.
ELEOTRIS FUSCA, Schn.
Teeth, in villiform rows, those of outer row in upper jaw larger and further apart; 4 or 5 large teeth anteriorly in lower jaw, and laterally some pointed teeth in outer row larger than remainder. Depth of body 42 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3,8, times. Snout 1} times diameter of eye, which is 63 times in length of head and 21 times in interorbital width. Head de- pressed, greatest width about equal to its depth and +# its length ; lower jaw slightly longer than upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits ; anterior nostril with a pointed flap ; angle
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 255
of preoperculum rounded, with a short spine pointing downwards and slightly forwards.
Dorsal vi, i. 8; commencing about midway between origin of ventrals and anus. Spinous dorsal lower than the soft; the spines weak, about 4 depth of body and 2 length of head; soft dorsal lower anteriorly, the posterior rays $ length of head. Pectorals broad and rounded, * length of head. Ventralsi5; nearly 2 length of head. Anal i8; commences below origin of soft dorsal, very similar to it and about the same height. Caudal wedge-shaped, + length of head. Scales on body feebly ctenoid, those on upper surface of head minute and extending to between the orbits; 16 rows between anterior extremities of 2nd dorsal and anal fins, 14 rows between their posterior extremities. Lat. 1. 63 (approx.).
Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform dark brown.
One specimen, 136 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
Famiry SPHYRAINIDA.
SPHYRENA COMMERSONH, C. and V.
Teeth, small fine teeth on upper jaw, with a large fang accom- panied by 2 smaller teeth anteriorly and 1 posteriorly on each side of symphysis; a row of strong pointed teeth on lower jaw with 1 anterior central fang directed backwards at symphysis ; large fangs in front on palatines followed by a single row of smaller teeth; minute teeth on tongue. Depth of body nearly 7 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3,1, times; breadth of head + its height, which equals the postorbital length. Snout 2% times diameter of eye, which equals the interorbital width and is 5? times in length of head. Lower jaw longer than upper and terminating in a fleshy knob, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior nostril ; angle of preopercle slightly rounded; opercle ends in a single point; orbital ring and margin of preorbital striated.
Dorsal v, 19; 1st dorsal commences behind extremity of pectorals and slightly in front of extremity of ventrals, situated in middle of body excluding caudal; spines weak, the 2nd is the longest and about + length of head; the interspace between the two dorsal fins equals + of the total length of the body excluding caudal. Anterior rays of soft dorsal about 14 times length of longest spine of 1st dorsal, the remainder decreasing in length except the last, which is a little produced. Pectorals 4%, length of head. Ventrals inserted behind
256 Annals of the South African Musewm.
middle of pectorals and rather shorter, the spine is ? the height of the adjacent ray. Anali9; situated below soft dorsal, similar and about the same height. Caudal forked, % length of head. Seales, 6 rows between lateral line and base of dorsal; opercles scaly. Lat. 1. 85.
Colour (of preserved specimen), greyish brown, light underneath ; fins dark.
One specimen, 275 mm. in length, from Inner Harbour, Durban.
SPHYRENA AFRICANA, N. Sp.
Teeth, small in upper jaw, a strong fang behind which is a smaller one on each side of symphysis; strong isolated teeth in- creasing in length posteriorly on lower jaw, with a single central fang directed backwards at symphysis, strong fangs on anterior part of palatines with smaller teeth posteriorly ; a median band of minute teeth on tongue. Depth of body 7 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head a little more than 3 times. Snout 2,4; times diameter of eye, which equals interorbital width and is a little more than 5 times in length of head; height of head slightly more than 1 its length, depth nearly ;3,.. Lower jaw projects beyond upper, with a slight obtuse conical protuberance in front; maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin of eye; preoperculum emarginate, angle rounded ; operculum ends in a single point.
Dorsal v, i 9; the 1st dorsal commences behind or at extremity of pectorals and a little in advance of origin of ventrals, the interspace between the two dorsals is more than 4 length of head and equals the length of head behind anterior margin of eye. Anterior spines of 1st dorsal nearly 33, length of head, remainder successively decreasing; anterior rays of soft dorsal about equal in height to anterior spines of Ist dorsal, and upper edge of fin concave. Pec- torals 2 length of head. Ventrals } length of head. Anal i 9; situated below soft dorsal, similar and about the same height. Caudal deeply forked, lower lobe longer than upper and 4 length of head. Scales on opercles; 12 rows between lateral line and base of 1st dorsal fin. Lat. 1. 108, lat. tr. +3.
Colour (of preserved specimen), numerous dark brown spots above, silvery below, each scale with a brown spot, lateral line dark brown.
One specimen, 203 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
It does not seem to agree with any described species, of which, however, it may be an immature form.
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 257
Famtry AULOSTOMATEHIDA.
FISTULARIA SERRATA, Bl.
Depth of body about 40 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 23 times. Snout 8 times diameter of eye; the tube into which the head is produced being very long, broader than high near the base, the upper part marked by crenulated ridges and a patch of stria radiating from a common centre a short distance in front of the eyes, 2 ridges start from anterior angle of orbits, first convergent then keeping a parallel direction, the lateral edge very distinctly serrated and with strong spines posteriorly. Hye elongate, ovate, nearly twice as long as high and protected anteriorly and posteriorly by prominent angles of the frontal bones, the posterior angles being serrated; the bony ridge between the orbits narrow and concave, its width ¢ the vertical diameter of the eye. Crown of head slightly convex, with crenulated striz; nostrils close together one before the other on upper surface of snout in front of anterior angle of eye; operculum nearly twice as long as high, obtusely rounded behind ; gill-openings wide, extending upwards to middle of base of pectorals ; lower jaw projects beyond upper and terminates in a fleshy knob.
Dorsal 13; situated in posterior sixth of body, higher than long, the longest rays nearly equal the length of postorbital region of head. Pectorals a little longer than longitudinal diameter of eye, base slightly curved. Ventrals about # diameter of eye, composed of 6 rays without a spine, widely apart from each other and their distance from base of pectorals is + of their distance from base of caudal. Anal 14; situated below dorsal and resembling it, but slightly lower and not so pointed. Caudal (excluding the central filament) is a little more than + length of postorbital portion of head; the central rays form an elongated filament about ? length of snout.
The body is much depressed, twice as broad as high and without scales. Lateral line commences on scapula, curves upwards to near median line of back and descends shortly before origin of ventrals and proceeds along middle of sides; from the vertical of origin of dorsal fin the scutes are most distinctly marked, each armed with a spine directed backwards and forming a serrated ridge along caudal peduncle.
Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform brown.
One specimen, 478 mm. in length, from Durban Museum,
258 Annals of the South African Museum.
Faminy LABRIDA.
Coris ANNULATA, Lacép.
No posterior canines. Depth of body 34 to 4 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 34 to 32 times. Snout 34 to 4 times diameter of eye, which is 14 times to nearly twice in interorbital width and 74 to 94 times in length of head. Head long and pointed; interorbital space convex; jaws equal, upper broad and folded, lower lip pendant ; maxillary reaches to vertical of about midway between point of snout and anterior nostril.
Dorsal ix 12; spines feeble and about 8, length of head. Pectorals 3 length of head. Ventrals 2 length of pectorals, pointed. Anal iii 12; similar to soft dorsal. Caudal 2 length of head, crescentic, the middle of the crescent being rather convex. Lat. 1. 111 (circa).
Colour (of preserved specimens), light brown; a light band from between eyes to point of snout, another starting from same place to a transverse band near point of snout; a light band starting from middle of cheek to lower edge of orbit, thence across to opercular border; one from posterior border of eye to scapula; one from corner of mouth across upper angle of orbit to nape and passing down to mouth on the other side; a band from angle of mouth across snout to corresponding angle on other side, with a band passing up to nape and down the other side; a band from nape down middle of snout to upper lip; a dark spot on opercular flap; a broad band across body passing through pectoral region, and about 15 narrow transverse bands on posterior half of body. Pectorals dark brown at base and diagonally across to end of superior rays; dorsal dark.
Five specimens, ranging in length from 291 mm. to 350 mm.; the largest from Durban Museum, the others from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
? PsEUDOSCARUS MACULOSUS, Lacép.
Jaws whitish, no pointed teeth at angle. Depth of body equals length of head and is 31 times in total length excluding caudal. Snout slightly greater than interorbital width and 23 times diameter of eye, which is 6* times in length of head. Snout swollen and obtuse, upper lip thick; 2 series of scales on cheeks, the lower series composed of 6 scales on left side, 5 on right, and a single scale on lower limb of preoperculum.
Dorsal ix 10; spines weak, 1st spine shortest, remainder subequal
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 259
and about 58, length of head; soft portion of fin posteriorly higher than spinous. Pectorals 15, nearly 2 length of head; ventrals nearly #. Anal iii 9; spines weak, rays higher anteriorly and slightly longer than rays of soft dorsal. Caudal emarginate, 3 length of head. Lat. 1. 25, lat. tr. 2.
Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform brown, outer rays of anal and ventrals green, margin of dorsal green, margin and base of anal green.
One specimen, 302 mm. in length, from Durban.
PSEUDOSCARUS NATALENSIS, N. sp.
A small horizontal pointed tooth at angle of upper jaw. Depth of body 24 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head nearly 3 times. Snout 3} times diameter of eye, which is 3 times in interorbital width and 8 times in length of head. Upper lip thin, 2 series of scales on cheeks, the lower composed of 7 scales, and a single scale on preoperculum ; numerous small pores on top of head and round orbits.
Dorsal ix 10; spines weak, subequal after the Ist and about 2 length of head; soft rays slightly shorter posteriorly. Pectorals 15, 35 length of head. Ventrals nearly * length of head. Anal i 9; spines weak, soft portion similar to soft dorsal. Caudal (damaged in specimen). Lat. 1. 27, lat. tr. 2.
Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform dark brown, caudal peduncle light greenish brown, anal with a green band at base and border.
One specimen, 350 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,
Natal.
CH ROPS NATALENSIS, 0. sp.
No posterior canines. Depth of body equals length of head and is 2.7, times in total length excluding caudal. Snout nearly 4 times diameter of eye, which is 2! times in interorbital width and about 8 times in length of head. Height of head nearly + its length; height of preorbital equals 2% times diameter of eye; eyes placed high up on head; lips very thick, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior nostril.
Dorsal xiii 7; commences above base of pectorals; spines moderately strong, 3rd spine about 53%, length of head and slightly longer than 2nd, which is 12 times higher than the Ist; the 4th spine is shortest, about 4 length of 3rd, the succeeding spines
260 Annals of the South African Museum.
gradually lengthen to the last, which is -7, height of 3rd spine. Soft portion of fin higher than spinous, middle rays longest and about 12 height of 3rd spine, margin of fin rounded. Pectorals nearly 4 length of head. Ventrals anterior rays elongate, 2 length of head. Anal iii 9; situated below soft dorsal and similar to it, 2nd and 3rd spines about equal in length. Caudal truncate, slightly more than 4 length of head. Lower portion of soft dorsal, anal, and caudal covered with small scales. Lat. 1. 46.
Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform dark brown, small white spots on head in front of preoperculum.
One specimen, 595 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
CHAVROPSODES, n. g.
Body compressed, oblong, covered with large scales; snout conical, small scales on cheeks not imbricate, opercles scaly. Four strong conical free teeth in each jaw anteriorly ; posterior canines present; teeth on side of jaw confluent in an osseous ridge. Spines (xi) separate, about equal in number to rays (12). Lateral line continuous.
CH:ROPSODES PICTUS, N. sp. (Parrot-fish.)
Teeth, 4 strong canines in front on either jaw, the inner pair on lower jaw being small, lateral teeth in a continuous cutting edge, 2 small canines at angle of upper jaw on left side. Depth of body 28 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 times. Snout 3 times diameter of eye, which is about 4 interorbital width and 7 times in length of head. Preorbital emarginate, its least depth about twice diameter of eye; serrature of preoperculum indistinct, minute; upper lip thick, cleft of mouth oblique, maxillary hidden by preorbital and reaches to vertical of anterior nostril; interorbital space convex.
Dorsal xi 12; commences above base of pectorals; spines short, strong, and embedded in thick skin, which is produced as a short lobe covering the end of each spine, interspinous membrane very deeply cleft; 1st spine shorter, the remainder subequal and about 2 length of head; anterior soft rays about same height as adjacent spines, the remainder rising to 1,7, height of longest spine. Pectorals J; length of head, superior rays longest. *Ventrals reach to origin of anal, the first 2 rays elongated, a little more than * length of head.
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 261
Anal iii 12; spines covered with fleshy skin, the fin resembles the soft dorsal, but is not quite so high, Caudal (damaged in specimen). Seales on body large, smaller ones covering throat, opercles, cheeks, and top of head as far as eyes. Lat. 1. 33, lat. tr. a
Colour, very brilliant, pinkish red with a tinge of lemon, yellow markings as follows: dots and short irregular lines on head and anterior dorsal part of body, on interspinous membranes of all fins except spinous dorsal, where they are black, and on margin of caudal fin; a black blotch at distal end of pectorals, and one on body between the spinous and soft portions of the dorsal fin.
Colour of preserved specimen, yellow with a reddish tinge in some places, pectorals with a black patch at distal end of upper rays, dorsal black, a black patch on back reaching from below 8th spine to middle of soft rays of dorsal fin.
One specimen, 425 mm. in length, from Durban market.
Famiry PLEURONECTIDA.
SOLEA TURBYNEI, Gilch.
Depth of body 22 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 42 times. Diameter of eye 5} times in length of head ; upper eye in advance of lower by about half a diameter ; interorbital space 2 diameter of eye; mouth extends nearly to below centre of lower eye; a single papilla on upper lip; papille on left side of head extend close up to dilated left nostril, which is not fringed, there are also papille on lower margin of operculum and two or three at base of pectorals on inner border of opercular opening.
Dorsal 65; commences on snout above upper margin of upper eye and extends nearly to caudal fin; the longest ray is about 3 times in length of head. Right pectoral scaled at its base, about 3 times in length of head, left pectoral slightly shorter than right. Ventrals 41 times in length of head, the right being in advance of left and in same line ; length of free portion of caudal contained about 3 times in its depth. Scales ctenoid on both sides; lat. 1. 94 pierced scales.
Colour (of preserved specimen), light brown with numerous dark spots scattered over body and a few on dorsal and anal fins; right pectoral black with a light tip.
One specimen, 80 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,
Natal. 18
262 Annals of the South African Museum.
SYNAPTURA MARGINATA, Blgr.
Depth of body 2+ times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 5} times. Diameter of eyes 8 times in length of head, equal to interocular width; length of mouth 3} times in length of head. Upper eye in advance of lower; snout projecting beyond lower jaw, mouth extending to posterior border of lower eye; snout, lips, and borders of gill-cleft with a strong fringe; a fringed dermal flap covering nostril on blind side.
Dorsal with 73 rays, anal with 55; longest 2 length of head. Caudal obtusely acuminate. Right and left pectoral fins about equal in length, measuring ;°, length of head. Scales strongly ctenoid on coloured (right) side, cycloid on left; lateral line straight, extending over 105 scales.
Colour (of preserved specimen), right side dark brown, pectoral fin black, dorsal and anal fins with a white edge, caudal mottled light and dark brown with a light edge.
One specimen, 169 mm. in length, from Durban beach, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
PARALICHTHODES ALGOENSIS, Gilch.
Teeth, small, in 3 series on each jaw. Depth of body 2% times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 44 times. Longitudinal diameter of eye greater than vertical and a little more than twice the interocular space; lower jaw projects beyond upper by about half the vertical diameter of the eye ; maxillary of left side more exposed than that of right, the latter extends backwards to below the middle of the lower eye.
Dorsal 70; originates on snout midway between its anterior extremity and the eye, not joined to caudal; 1st ray inserted slightly to left of median line, is entirely separated from the 2nd and is divided into 6 branches ; 2nd and 8rd rays are joined at the base by a membrane and are also to the left of the median line; the 4th and subsequent rays are in the median line and the branchings of the rays gradually become fewer till above base of pectorals they are simple, becoming again divided in posterior fifth of fin; longest ray 27. times in length of head. Right pectoral fin longer than left and 1} times in length of head. Right ventral situated on median line and nearer head than left, which it about equals in length, the distance between origin of anterior rays of each equals 3 the vertical diameter of the eye. Anal 50; about equal in height to dorsal and
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 263
not joined to caudal. Caudal rounded, and partly covered with scales. Lat. 1. 110.
Colour (of preserved specimen), right side light brown with minute dark specks ; left side colourless.
One specimen, 161 mm. in length, from Durban beach, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
PLAGUSIA MARMORATA var. AFRICANA, Gilch.
Depth of body 3% times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 43 times. Eyes small, diameter slightly greater than inter- ocular width, upper eye in advance of lower and slightly in advance of middle of head; angle of mouth lies below posterior margin of lower eye and nearer to edge of operculum than to snout; snout rounded and blunt, not pointed; a tubular nostril in front of lower eye, and a corresponding one on blind side.
Dorsal 108 (circa), originates near extremity of snout; rays short, longest about + length of head. Anal 82, similar in height to dorsal. The single ventral is joined by a membrane to the anal. Caudal pointed. Two lateral lines on left side, separated by about 17 rows of scales; no lateral line on blind side. Scales ctenoid on both sides.
Colour (of preserved specimen), light brown with small dark spots.
One specimen, 201 mm. in length, from Durban beach, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
PSEUDORHOMBUS RUSSELLII, Gray.
Teeth, 10 on lower jaw on left side, 12 on right. Depth of body twice in total length excluding caudal, length of head nearly 4 times; greatest depth between anal fin and the straight portion of lateral line slightly exceeds length of head. Snout 13 times diameter of eye, which is nearly 6 times in length of head; front margin of orbits nearly on the same level, the interorbital ridge very narrow and naked; lower jaw prominent, cleft of mouth nearly vertical, maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of eyes, its length about 2 length of head.
Dorsal 72; commences in front of the eye, longest rays are in last third of fin their length 2 that of the head, each fin-ray has a series of small smooth scales and the tips of the rays slightly project beyond the membrane; distance of dorsal fin from caudal is about + depth of free portion of tail. Pectorals 12, nearly twice as long as ventrals and $ length of head. Anal 58, similar in all
264 Annals of the South African Museum.
respects to dorsal fin. Caudal wedge-shaped, middle rays longest, ;’5 length of head and rays covered with small scales. Scales ctenoid on left (ocular) side of body, cycloid on right; those on the cheeks and anterior part of body smaller than the scales on posterior half of body which are of moderate size. Lat. 1. 80, smooth with a semi- circular curve at pectorals, length of curve slightly exceeds post- orbital length of head, and depth equals about 2 its length.
Colour (of preserved specimen), light brown with dark spots and markings on fins and body; a large dark blotch at beginning of straight part of lateral line.
One specimen, 296 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
Famitry SCOPELIDA.
SauRuS myops, Foster.
Teeth, two rows of pointed teeth on upper jaw, three rows on lower, the inner row longest ; a single two-rowed band on palatines ; tongue strongly toothed. Depth of body 5} to 5% times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 34 to 4 times. Snout equals interorbital width, obtuse and short, 2 to * diameter of eye, which is 5% to 5% times in length of head. Dorsal profile nearly horizontal ; greatest width of head 2 to 3 its length; cleft of mouth extending to about two diameters behind orbits, lower jaw slightly longer than upper ; interorbital space deeply concave, crown of head and occiput finely corrugated except the interorbital groove; 6 transverse series of scales on cheeks.
Dorsal 12-13 ; commences nearly midway between point of snout and adipose fin, which latter is small; highest anteriorly, the first two rays unbranched, 2nd ray longest and about + length of head, base of fin about + less than greatest height. Pectorals small and rounded at extremity, 4 to * length of head. Ventrals nearly as long as head and reaching to vent, the two inner rays longest. Anal 14-15; posterior rays longest and about 2 height of longest rays of dorsal. Caudal forked. Lat. 1. 52-55, lat. tr. 3.
Colour (of preserved specimens), pale golden, a black spot on scapula.
Hight specimens, ranging in length from 48 mm. to 121 mm., procured by the ss. Pieter Faure; the largest caught in shrimp trawl at St. Lucia Bay, 17-20 fms.; fine sand; the others in 20 fms., fine sand, False Bluff N.E. 42 miles.
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 265
SAURIDA TUMBIL, Bl.
Teeth, in rows on jaws, those of inner row longest, and the surface of premaxillaries on which they are placed bevelled off so as to look outwards; teeth on mandibles more numerous than on upper jaw and placed on a surface looking outwards and upwards ; a small round patch on vomer, teeth on palatines in an outer double row with a patch parallel to them of shorter teeth in three or four rows; a narrow central band of teeth on tongue. Depth of body 74 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4 times. Snout slightly obtuse equals interorbital width and the same length as diameter of eye, which is 47 times in length of head. Interorbital Space concave, with a flat bony ridge on eyes; upper jaw slightly overlaps lower, maxillary extends to 14 times diameter of eye behind orbits ; eyes with broad adipose lids.
Dorsal 11; situated midway between point of snout and base of caudal ; 2nd and 3rd rays longest, about + length of head, remainder successively shortening. Adipose dorsal situated over posterior third of anal. Pectorals * length of head. Ventrals 9; 5%, length of head, the inner rays longer than outer. Anal 10; anterior rays about % height of longest rays of dorsal, remainder slightly decreasing.
Caudal deeply forked, 2 length of head. Lat. 1, 54, keel most
developed on posterior third of body ; lat. tr. 2.
Colour (of preserved specimen), yellowish grey above, yellow below ; faint irregular dark spots on lateral line, outer superior ray of caudal with three or four dark spots and end of lobes dark.
One specimen, 173 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
Famity SCOMBRESOCIDA.
TYLOSURUS HIANS, C. and VY.
No asperities on tongue. Body strongly compressed, its breadth less than half its greatest depth (sub-genus Athlennes of Jordan and Fordyce) which is 14+ times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 times. Snout nearly 2} times the length of rest of head ; jaws long and slender, the upper strongly arched upwards at base so that the mouth cannot be closed, in this region only small teeth are present on either jaw; eye large, nearly equals interorbital width and 2} times in postorbital part of head; maxillary entirely hidden by preorbital, reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits. Top of
266 Annals of the South African Museum.
head from above eyes to occiput smooth with a translucent cartilage- like tissue, superciliary region scaleless with slight longitudinal striations extending forwards from between orbits ; a patch of scales above cheeks, and another of minute scales in front of eyes above nostrils; nostril an elongate triangular pit containing a simple undivided papilla.
Dorsal 24; situated in posterior fifth of body, faleate; 2nd ray longest slightly exceeds postorbital length of head and nearly equals depth of body. Pectorals 15, faleate, as long as head behind middle of eye. Ventrals 2 length of pectorals, inserted midway between arch of upper jaw and base of caudal. Anal 26, commences in advance of dorsal and of same shape but anterior rays are a little higher. Caudal deeply forked. Scales minute, especially on back. Lateral line not conspicuous and not black, does not form a keel on tail, caudal peduncle not compressed.
Colour (of preserved specimen), greenish brown above, light below ; a dark lateral band from above base of pectorals to caudal, 12 or 14 indistinct cross bands or blotches on sides; minute dark specks on fins.
One specimen, 574 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
EXOCOETUS BAHIENSIS, Ranz.
Depth of body 64 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 44 to 42 times. Snout + diameter of eye, which is 11 to 1,5 times in interorbital width and 3,5, to 34 times in length of head; height of head about # its length. Interorbital space rather con- cave; lower jaw slightly longer than upper; no barbels.
Dorsal 12-13 ; originates much in advance of anal; 3rd and 4th rays 4 to # length of head. Pectorals 3% times length of head, reaching to end of dorsal. Ventrals inserted about midway between gill-openings and base of caudal, extending to middle of anal. Anal 10, commences below anterior third of dorsal, rays not so high as those of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked.
Colour (of preserved specimens), back and sides black, sharply marked off from white belly ; colouration of pectorals uniform.
Two specimens, 312 mm. and 331 mm. in length respectively, from Durban Museum.
HEMIRAMPHUS COMMERSONII, Cuv.
Teeth, tricuspid in many rows on each jaw. Depth of body 7 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 42 to 4?
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 267
times ; length of beak beyond extremity of upper jaw 2+ to 34 times. Snout 1+ to 14 times diameter of eye, which is a little less than interorbital width and ,%, postorbital length of head. Triangular part of upper jaw formed by intermaxillaries much broader than long; height of head equals its length behind middle of eyes and is 14 to 1? times its width; no barbels ; greatest width of body 2 to +5 its depth.
Dorsal 13; originates in last fourth of postorbital length of body excluding caudal and much in advance of anal, higher anteriorly, 2nd ray longest and 1} to 1+ postorbital length of head, posterior ray slightly produced. Pectorals 2 to ;4, length of head, reaching to front edge of eye. Ventrals 2 length of head, inserted about midway between base of caudal and tip of pectorals. Anal 12, commences in line with about middle of dorsal, much shorter and only half the height. Caudal forked, lower lobe longer (damaged in specimen). Scales large on body, especially on anterior portion below lateral line, 5 rows between lateral line and base of dorsal, minute scales on anterior portion of dorsal and anal. Lat. |. 53.
Colour (of preserved specimens), brownish above, lighter below, a dark longitudinal band along median line (very marked on smaller specimen) from above base of pectorals to caudal; body covered with minute dark specks.
Two specimens, one 243 mm. in length from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal; the other, 309 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
Famity CLUPHIDA.
ENGRAULIS SETIROSTRIS, Brouss.
Teeth minute, present on both jaws and on palatines and tongue. Depth of body 3+ times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 44 times. Snout about # diameter of eye, which is slightly greater than interorbital width and a little more than 34 times in length of head. Snout obtuse, very slightly projecting beyond lower jaw; angle of mouth is beneath posterior edge of eye; maxillary much prolonged, extending to centre of anus, lower edge finely serrated, and slightly enlarged or bulging at angle of mouth. 10 gill-rakers on horizontal limb of outer branchial arch, rather widely separated from each other and the longest shorter than diameter of eye.
Dorsal i 14 (3-11), originates midway between anterior third of
268 Annals of the South African Museum.
eye and base of caudal; 4th ray about ;%, length of head, succeeding rays rapidly decrease giving the fin a triangular shape. Pectorals nearly equal length of head. Ventrals nearly * length of head. Anal 38, commences below or slightly behind last ray of dorsal ; anterior rays about 3 height of longest rays of dorsal, succeeding 12 or 13 decrease rapidly, remainder subequal. Caudal forked, 12 times length of head. Abdomen compressed; the spiny scutes extending forward to gill-openings, 14 before 10 behind insertion of ventrals. Lat. 1. 42.
Colour (of preserved specimen), darkish above, silvery on sides ; black venules in scapular region.
One specimen, 145 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
ETRUMEUS MICROPUS, Schleg.
Depth of body, 6 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 42 times. Snout = diameter of eye, which is nearly 2,%, times in length of head and twice the interorbital width. Lower jaw slightly projecting beyond upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior margin of eye.
Dorsal 18; originates nearer to point of snout than to base of caudal by about the length of the base of dorsal fin; 2nd and 3rd rays ® length of head, remainder rapidly shortening, upper border of fin slightly concave. Pectorals ,', length of head, axillary scale very long. Ventrals about + length of head. Anal 10, originates in posterior sixth of body, low. Caudal nearly ;% length of head, forked. Scales 52-54. Lat. tr. 13.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark on back above lateral line, sides and belly silvery.
One specimen, 145 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
CLUPEA DURBANENSIS, Regan.
Depth of body 24 to 22 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 34 times. Snout equals diameter of eye, which is slightly less than interorbital width and 4 to 42 times in length of head. Eyes with adipose lids; snout obtuse, lower jaw closing within the upper and curving upwards into a bony point at sym- physis, which is received into a corresponding notch on upper jaw ; maxillary reaches to vertical of about middle of orbits; gill-rakers fine, long, and very numerous, lower branch of anterior branchial arch scarcely bent ; postorbital portion of head about same length as remainder of head.
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 269
Dorsal iii 14 ; commences nearer to point of snout than to base of caudal, its entire base being midway between these points, concave superiorly ; anterior rays * length of head and about 1 higher than length of base of fin, last ray a little more than 2 height of anterior rays. Pectorals 2 length of head. Ventrals nearly 2 2 length of head, inserted a little in advance of centre of dorsal fin. Anal iii 18-19 ; low. Caudal deeply forked, slightly longer than head. Seales regularly arranged, with crenulated or jagged edges, 43 in longi- tudinal 14 in transverse series, 12 scutes behind ventrals 15 anteriorly. Abdominal profile very convex.
Colour (of preserved specimens), dark above, yellowish on belly; a dark spot on shoulder ; edge of dorsal and anal fins blackish.
Two specimens, one 223 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robin- son, Natal; the other, 241 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
CLUPEA SAGAX, Jenyns. (Sardine. )
No teeth. Depth of body 5 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4 times. Snout 1,5, times diameter of eye, which is 41, times in length of head; aekonbite width ,4, diameter of eye; greatest height of head 2 its length. Lower jaw slightly projecting beyond upper, maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of orbits ; operculum with conspicuous radiating striz descending towards sub- operculum ; gill-rakers fine, long and closely set, over 90 on hori- zontal branch of outer branchial arch.
Dorsal 19; originates nearer to point of snout than to base of caudal, triangular, anterior rays about 4 length of head, remainder rapidly decreasing posteriorly. Pectorals * length of head. Ven- trals nearly 2 length of head, inserted below posterior half of dorsal. Anal 16, low, its length equals postorbital region of head, last two rays slightly elongate. Caudal deeply forked, nearly ;% length of head. Lat. 1. 50?; 12 abdominal scutes behind, 20 before base of ventrals.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark above, light below; a row of small dark spots along the side.
One specimen, 161 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal; not in very good condition.
ALBULA CONORHYNCUS, BI. et Schn.
Depth of body nearly 42 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 times. Snout 22 times diameter of eye, which is
270 Annals of the South African Musewm.
nearly 14 times in interorbital width and 6 times in length of head. Maxillary reaches to vertical of about + the distance between point of snout and anterior margin of eye. Profile from origin of dorsal to point of snout convex.
Dorsal 17, commences a little nearer to base of caudal than to point of snout, and 2 of its base is situated in advance of the ventrals; anterior rays nearly = length of head, posterior margin of fin slightly concave. Pectorals 2 length of head. Ventrals over + length of head, inserted below last 4th of dorsal. Anal 8; about 4 length of dorsal and 4 height. Caudal forked, upper lobe longest and about % length of head. Lat. 1. 70, nearly straight ; lat. tr. 3%.
Colour (of preserved specimen), silvery, darker above.
One specimen, 350 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
Enors saurus, L. (Springer of Durban, Cape Salmon of Port Elizabeth.)
Depth of body 52 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 times. Snout equals diameter of eye, which is 4,7, times in length of head ; interorbital space = diameter of eye, slightly concave and grooved; lower jaw slightly longer than upper and rather thickened at extremity, maxillary extends about 4 diameter of eye behind orbits.
Dorsal 23, commences nearer to base of caudal than to point of snout, highest in front with a concave upper edge; dth ray longest and # length of head. Pectorals and ventrals about same length, 3 length of head. Anal 15; similar to dorsal but rather more con- cave and slightly more than # the height. Caudal rather longer than head, deeply lobed. Scales, 11 rows between lateral line and base of ventrals, a few rows form a sort of sheath to dorsal and anal fins, Lat. 1. 100, lat. tr. 22.
Colour (of preserved specimen), silvery.
One specimen, 196 mm. in length, from Natal.
MEGALOPS CYPRINOIDES, Brouss.
Depth of body 34 to 32 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 32 to 4 times. Snout equals interorbital width and is 8 to + diameter of eye, which is 31 to 34 times in length of head. Eye with anterior and posterior adipose lids, each about + diameter of orbit; lower jaw projects beyond upper, chin prominent, cleft of mouth oblique, maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior margin of orbits or sightly beyond it.
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 271
Dorsal 19, commences midway between end of snout and base of caudal, upper edge concave ; anterior rays + to 3 length of head, last ray prolonged to more than length of head. Pectorals about 2, ven- trals over 4 length of head ; ventral fin inserted slightly in advance of origin of dorsal. Anal 24-26; anterior rays 3 to 3 length of head, posterior rays very low. Caudal deeply forked, longer than head. Lat. 1. 34-36, tubes terminating posteriorly in six or eight branches.
. 54-6 Lat. tr. a Colour (of preserved specimens), grey; dark above, light below. Two specimens, 217 mm., 320 mm. in length respectively, from
Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
CHANOS SALMONEUS, Forst.
Depth of body 3? times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 42 times. Snout 3 diameter of eye, which is 14 times in inter- orbital width and 3,5, times in length of head. Eyes subcutaneous ; upper surface of head flat; upper jaw overhangs lower, maxillary reaches almost to vertical of anterior margin of eye; opercle nearly twice as high as broad.
Dorsal 15, commences about midway between anterior margin of eye and base of caudal, highest in front, upper margin concave, Z rows of scales at its base; longest rays nearly © length of head. Pectorals pointed, 2 length of head, with an elongated scaly appen- dage above the base. Ventrals 2 length of head, inserted under middle of dorsal and with a long basal scale. Anal 9, small, lower margin concave, 2 rows of scales at base; anterior rays about + height of longest ray of dorsal. Caudal deeply lobed, 14 times length of head, with two pointed laminz of scales at its centre. Lat. 1. 87, lat. tr. 22.
Colour (of preserved specimen), bluish on top, silvery below ; dorsal dark, and both it and anal and ventrals covered with minute dark specks, pectorals dark and also with minute specks.
One specimen, 291 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
Faminy SCHLERODERMI.
BALisTEs MITIS, Benn. Teeth, 8 on each jaw, slightly notched, the centre pair strongest and pointed. Depth of body slightly less than 4 the total length excluding caudal, length of head 3! times. Snout 6 times diameter
272 Annals of the South African Musewn.
of eye, which is a little more than } the interorbital width and 62 times in length of head. A well-marked longitudinal groove in front of each eye.
Dorsal ii 30, commences above base of pectorals ; 1st spine very strong and flattened laterally, its base being equal to vertical diameter of eye and its height nearly 4 length of head. Soft dorsal nearly the same height anteriorly as longest spine of Ist dorsal, gradually curving to about 2 the height. Pectorals nearly 2 length of head. Anal 26; similar to soft dorsal but not so high anteriorly. Caudal oval, somewhat truncate pesteriorly, nearly * length of head, base fleshy and covered with small scales, peduncle very narrow. Scales rough and granulated, covering head and cheeks to point of snout; some enlarged scutes behind gill-openings ; each scale of the 8 or 9 rows about the median line on posterior third of body to caudal has a rounded tubercle on it.
Colour (of preserved specimen), brown, darker above than below ; a whitish ring round lower jaw at a short distance from the lip, and a more distinct white stripe running from it towards the pectorals, which it does not quite reach.
One specimen, 307 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
MoNACANTHUS SETIFER, Benn.
Depth of body nearly 14 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 33, times. Snout nearly 3 times diameter of eye, which is a little less than interorbital width and nearly 32 times in length of head. Eyes placed high up at upper posterior angle of head, over the gill-openings and just in front of dorsal spine ; profile of head from dorsal spine to snout slightly concave and descending at an angle of about 45°,
Dorsal i 32; spine strong, situated about midway between point of snout and origin of soft dorsal and over posterior margin of eye, rough anteriorly, and with a row of barbs on each side posteriorly pointing downwards and slightly outwards. Soft dorsal has its origin at the highest point of dorsal profile and is removed from the single spine by a space nearly equal to the length of its base ; anterior rays about 2 height of dorsal spine, decreasing posteriorly to about 1 its height. Pectorals + length of head, and situated below posterior half of eye. Ventral spine small, movable. Anal 33; similar and opposed to soft dorsal. Caudal rounded, middle rays longest, ;% length of head. Scales small, skin with a velvety appearance.
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 273
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark brown, covered with indefi- nite black patches; fins light-coloured, the caudal with a dark tinge on outer half.
One specimen, 128 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.
This fish seems to be the same as Castelnau’s MW. auratus, recorded from Algoa Bay.
MOoNACANTHUS PARDALIS, Riipp.
Depth of body nearly twice in total length excluding caudal, length of head 34 times. Snout 4 times diameter of eye, which is 12 times in interorbital width and 42 times in length of head. Hyes placed high up and far back at upper posterior angle of head, their posterior margin vertically above axil of pectorals ; snout moderately produced, upper profile slightly concave.
Dorsal i 36, commences in line with anterior margin of eye; spine strong, nearly straight, roughened but not barbed, nearly } length of head and situated nearly midway between point of snout and origin of soft dorsal. Anterior rays of soft dorsal lower, the longest about 8 length of the spine, the succeeding ones again shortening. Pec- torals about 2 length of head. Ventral spine not movable. Anal 30; anterior rays longest, about same height as longest rays of soft dorsal, decreasing posteriorly. Caudal rounded, about + length of head. Scales very small, body with a velvety appearance.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark brown, dorsal anal and pectoral fins whitish.
One specimen, 156 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
MOoNnACANTHUS MONOCEROS, Osb.
Depth of body 24 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3+ times. Snout nearly 5% times diameter of eye, which is 4 interorbital width and 62 times in length of head. LHyes situated midway between upper end of gill-openings and dorsal spine, part of gill-opening in advance of orbits; interorbital space highly convex ; snout moderately produced, with its upper profile convex.
Dorsal i 47; spine of 1st dorsal weak, roughened but without barbs, about + length of head and situated midway between point of snout and 2nd dorsal. Anterior soft rays of 2nd dorsal low, rising to the 6th ray, which is a little higher than the spine of Ist dorsal, succeeding two or three rays about sub-equal, the remainder gradually shortening posteriorly. Pectorals a little more than
274 Annals of the South African Musewm.
;3; length of head. No ventral fins. Anal 49; similar to soft dorsal but not quite so high. Caudal (damaged in specimen). Body oblong, skin with a fine velvety appearance.
Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform pale brown, dorsal anal and pectoral fins whitish.
One specimen, 318 mm. in length, from Natal.
Famiry GYMNODONTES.
TETRODON LUNARIS, Bl. Schn., var. SPADICEUS, Rich. (Channel or Golden Toby.)
Teeth in jaws about same size. Length of head about equals the distance between it and base of dorsal fin, and is 3 times in total length excluding caudal. Snout nearly twice diameter of eye, which is about 4 times in length of head and situated high up and nearer to gill-opening than to point of snout; interorbital space flat and 13 times diameter of eye.
Dorsal 12; situated in last third of distance between point of snout and base of caudal; anterior rays longest, a little more than 3 length of head; length of base of fin slightly more than half its height. Pectorals 18, 3 length of head. Anal 11, situated below dorsal, of similar height and shape but not quite so long. Caudal lunate, the lobes slightly produced, about # length of head. Spines cover top of head and back from between eyes to about midway between posterior margin of orbits and origin of dorsal fin, abdomen similarly covered from throat to in line with extremity of pectorals ; snout, sides, and tail spineless.
Colour (of preserved specimen), dark brown on back, sides and belly yellowish, tips of caudal dark.
One specimen, 166 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal, who states it is common in Durban Bay in deep water.
TETRODON INERMIS, Temm. and Schleg.
Teeth about same size on both jaws. Length of head equals its distance from middle of base of dorsal fin, and is 23 times in total length excluding caudal. Eyes large, situated high up and much nearer to gill-opening than to point of snout, longitudinal diameter about 4 the distance from point of snout and 4 the interorbital width, which is concave.
Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 275
Dorsal 10; commences midway between gill-opening and base of caudal, its height twice the length of its base; anterior rays longest and 4 length of head. Pectorals 17, 4 length of head, Anal 11, commences below middle of dorsal and of similar size and shape but not quite so high. Caudal emarginate, upper lobe longer, nearly % length of head. No spines proper are present, but they are repre- sented by a number of elongate pits arranged in rows on the ventral surface not extending to vent.
Colour (of preserved specimen), greyish brown on back with many small white longitudinal spots, whitish below, fins edged with a dark shade.
One specimen, 303 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.
( 276 )
LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
Famiry PERCIDA.
Lutianus johnii, Bl. Kuhlia rupestris, Lacép. Epinephelus sonnerati, C. and v. miniatus, Forsk. albomarginatus, Bler. morrhua, C. and V. modestus, n. sp.... andersoni, Bley. ... lanceolatus, Bl. ... melas ? (Peters) ... tauvina, Forsk. merra, Bl. ee grammatophorus, Bley. gigas (juv.), Briinn. fasciatus, Forsk.
5 sp. A (juv.)
93 sp. B (juv.) Dentex robinsoni, n. sp. Aprion filamentosus, C. and V. Gerres lineolatus, Giinth.
oi]
”
Famity SQUAMIPINNES.
Cheetodon lunula, Lacép. Ephippus faber, Brouss.
Faminry MULLIDA.
Upeneus natalensis, n. sp.
Famiry SPARIDZ.
Sargus durbanensis, Cast. Cantharus micyrolepis, n. sp.
aC simus, 0. sp. Pagellus affinis, Blgr. ... F
», lithognathus, C. and v. Chrysophrys pugicephalus, n. sp.
. 229
... 230 aol ... 231 . 232 .. 233 . 234
List of Genera and Species.
Famity BERYCID®.
Holocentrum, sp.
Famitry SCORPHNIDA.
Scorpzena natalensis, Regan ... ‘5 durbanensis, n. sp. ... a serofa, L.
Famiry TRICHIURIDA.
Trichiurus haumela, Forsk.
Famiry CARANGIDA.
Caranx rottleri, Bl.
= elliaris; Bl:
i) Hippos; i:
» carangus, Bl. ...
,, ¢hrysophryoides, Bleek
,, djeddaba, Bl.
calla, C. and V.
Chimaaunanre typus, Bleek Psettus falciformis, Lacép. Seriolichthys bipinnulatus, Q. and G.
Faminry SCOMBRID.
Scomber colias, Gmel. ...
», microlepidotus, Riipp. Cybium commersonii, Lacép.... Echeneis remora, L. ...
= clypeata, Giinth. Zeus capensis, C. and V.
Famity TRACHINIDA.
Latilus argentatus, C. and V....
Fautty PSEUDOCHROMIDES.
Opisthognathus museatensis, Blgr. ...
Faminry PEDICULATI.
Antennarius hispidus, Schn. ... re pinniceps, Commers.
NO) ~
(
Annals of the South African Museum.
Faminy COTTIDA.
PAGE Platycephalus malabaricus, C. and V. Be a si ic aoe ... 203 Famity GOBIIDA.
Gobius giuris, B. H. ... aes wae st ies ae tai iis ... 204 Eleotris fusca, Schn. ... aoe a a4 sae wae ste ah ... 204 Famity SPHYRAINIDA.
Sphyrena commersonii, C. and V. ... nae aes BAe wu are ... 255
a africana, n. sp. Bee es tet oes ate re ios 7 200 Famiry AULOSTOMATEID.
Fistularia serrata, Bl. ... sae See Rive a3 aes aS ah so PASE
Famity LABRIDA.
Coris annulata, Lacép. 500 aise ay. S08 seh Bee oa ... 258
? Pseudoscarus maculosus, Lacép. ... sae ae a0 306 was ... 258
ro natalensis, nN. sp. ... 500 wee nee aa one -.. 209
Cherops natalensis, n. sp. ... aS: aor site aes eee aes soo 45%)
Cheeropsodes pictus, n. g. et sp. <r a ae BC wee ase ... 260
Famiry PLEURONECTIDA.
Solea turbynei, Gilch. ... aor aos os ie be ae ies soe 4a!
Synaptura marginata, Bley. ... sien ile ne ae a is ... 262
Paralichthodes algoensis Gilch. ae 506 nes sac sed Sic ... 262
Plagusia marmorata, var. africana, Gilch. ... ie 560 vies Sas ... 263
Pseudorhombus russellii, Gray ou ae oie or ss Bon ... 263
Famiry SCOPELIDA. Saurus myops, Foster ... a =e Se aes =e ee or .. 264 Saurida tumbil, Bl. ... os see ne es see acK = aoo 74855
Famtty SCOMBRESOCIDA.
Tylosurus hians, C.and V. ... ae ae ee aks ie oe ... 265 Exocoetus bahiensis, Ranz. ... a ae sie ae es aa 2. 266 Hemiramphus commersonii, Cuy. ... we Ae fee eft se ... 266
Inst of Genera and Species.
Famity CLUPEIDA.
Engraulis setivostris, Brouss ... Etrumeus micropus, Schleg. Clupea durbanensis, Regan
», Sagax, Jenyns ... Albula conorhyneus, Bl. and Schn. Elops saurus, L. ae aes Megalops cyprinoides, Brouss.. Chanos salmoneus, Forst.
Famiry SCHLERODERMI.
Balistes mitis, Benn. Monacanthus setifer, Benn. 3 pardalis, Riipp. a monoceros, Osb.
Famiry GYMNODONTES.
Tetrodon lunaris, Bl. Schn., var. spadiceus, Rich. <3 inermis, Temm. and Schleg.
279
PAGE
50 ADL ... 268 ... 268 sco PAGS) soa VAS) ... 270 vse 200
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6.—General Catalogue of South African Crustacea (Part V. of S.A. Crustacea, for the Marine Investigations in South Africa)*.— By the Rev. Tuomas R. R. Stessine, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.5., Fellow of King’s College, London, Hon. Memb. New Zealand Inst., Hon. Fellow Worcester College, Oxford.
THE first part of this treatise on the crustacean fauna of South Africa was published ten years ago. A systematic review of the subject was then and has since been deferred, in order that impor- tant additions to our knowledge of it, resulting from recent researches, might be more or less adequately dealt with. In the meantime the extensive collections made by Dr. Gilchrist, during the Preter Faure expeditions, together with material provided by Dr. Péringuey and several other naturalists, have so greatly enlarged the task of description, that any methodical survey has run a chance of being indefinitely postponed. Over and over again, in drawing up this present Catalogue, I have felt that it may be misleading, should any one hastily infer from it that such and such tribes or families are scantily represented, or that this or that genus has no species, in South African waters. Almost at every point I have been tempted to linger over the illustration and definition of new species, or the discussion of forms not hitherto recorded from the district. As will be seen, the temptation has sometimes been too strong to be over- come. Thus a crab so long known as Hexapus sexpes (Fabricius) has been drawn and quartered afresh ; anew crab has been described and figured as Nasinatalis disjunctipes in the tribe Oxystomata ; further, the plates claim to exhibit a new Pagurid, a new Isopod, two new Caprellids, and two new species of Sympoda, one of them suggesting the institution of a new genus and a new family. Obviously, however, most of the Catalogue deals with names already
* Parts I.III. have been published in the ‘‘ Marine Investigations in South Africa,’’? Part IV. in Vol. VI. of the Annals of the South African Museum.
20
282 Annals of the South African Museum.
published. Among these here and there I have ventured fearfully to introduce some changes, as in proposing Pachos among the Copepoda in place of the preoccupied Pachysoma, Claus, and in vindicating Ostrapoda, Straus, against Ostracoda, Latreille.
The substitution of A’geon for Risso’s preoccupied Hgeon appears to originate, not as I formerly supposed with Guérin, but with Kinahan in 1857, who at that date rejected the genus, but revived it in 1862, and to him the name is therefore rightly attributed by J. V. Carus in 1885.
Nocticula, J. V. Thompson, 1829, claims rather fuller notice than I. have given it on p. 396. Sars quotes it as Noctiluca. But Thompson may have had his own reasons for adopting an anagrammatic form founded on that name rather than the name itself. Actually in his Researches, vol. i., pt. 1, Mem. 3, p. 52, he prints Nocticula. He explains that he establishes this genus for an animal discovered and named by Sir Joseph Banks as ‘‘ Cancer fulgens (Macartney Phil. Trans., 1810),”’ pl. 14, fig. 1 and 2. On p. 53 he takes the liberty of renaming this animal ‘“ Nocticula Banksii or Luminous Shrimp.” Thompson’s scholarship was evidently not on a par with his scientific ability, since he calls the group to which his new genus belongs Shizopodz. But Nocticula would be valid, if its species could be identified.
The Catalogue may expect to be reproached for its great length. As its foster-parent I venture to urge in its defence that ships bound for almost anywhere take South Africa on their way and fish in its teeming waters without remorse. That is not the only thing. It is well known that by a legal fiction an ambassador carries a circum- ambient fragment of his own country with him into the land to which he is accredited. But as an actual fact the earth of African lakes, transferred to the aquaria of Professor Sars in Norway has yielded in that distant clime a plentiful crop of true South African Crustacea. The length, then, of the Catalogue is not due to any malice of its own, but to the wonderful activity of carcinologists in recent years. Apologies indeed are due for the omission of innumer- able important references, balanced by apologies to students of the modern school who will perhaps regard most of those that are given as entirely superfluous.
( 283 )
MALACOSTRACA.
BRACHYURA.
BRACHYURA GENUINA.
Tre OXYRRHYNCHA.
1852. Oxyrhyncha, Dana, United States Exploring Expedition, Vol. “xiii. p: 70:
1886. O., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, Reports, vol. xvii., Rep. 49, p. 2.
1893. Oxyrrhyncha, Stebbing, A History of Crustacea, Internat. Sci. Ser., vol. lxxiv., p. 104
1895. Oxyrhyncha, Alcock, Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. Ixiv., pt. 2, No. 2, p. 159.
Alcock divides the tribe into families, Maiide and Parthenopide, the former containing four sub-families, Inachine, Acanthonychine, Pisine, and Maiine, the latter containing two sub-families, Par- thenopinze and Eumedoninz. These subdivisions are here treated as families, with the consequent alteration in the ending of the names, with the further change of Pisine into the Blastide and Maiine into Mamaiidw for reasons which have been already explained elsewhere.
Famity INACHIDA.
1895. Inachine, Alcock, Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. lxiv., pt. 2, pp. 160, 162, 168.
1798.
1904.
1813.
1897.
1857.
1886.
1904.
1907.
1829.
1897
Annals of the South African Museum.
Gren. INACHUS, J. C. Fabricius.
Inachus, Fabricius, Supplementum Entomologize Systematice, p. 395.
INACHUS ANTARCTICUS, Doflein.
Inachus antarcticus, Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura (wissen- schaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedi- tion auf dem Dampfer Valdivia, 1898-1899, vol. vi.), p. 74, pl. 28, figs. 2, 3. At the Agulhas Bank, from 155 m. depth.
Gren. MACROPODIA, Leach. Macropodia, Leach, Edinburgh Encyclopedia, vol. vii., p. 396. M., Rathbun, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wash- ington, vol. xi., p. 155.
MacropopiaA FALCIFERA (Stimpson).
Stenorynchus falcifer, Stimpson, Proceedings of the Aca- demy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, vol. ix., p- 219:
At Cape of Good Hope, in Simon’s Bay, among alge on sandy bottom, at 22 m. depth.
Stenorhynchus f., Miers, Report on the Brachyura collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876, vol, xvil., Nos 49; p. 6G, spl, i teat
Dredged in Simon’s Bay, 9-33 m. depth.
S. f., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 70, fig. in text.
Francis Bay, and at 102 m. in southern part of Agulhas Bank, and between shallow water and 100 m. at Pletten- berg Bay.
Macropodia falcifera, Rathbun, footnote to Stenorynchus fal- cifer, Stimpson. Report on the Crustacea (Brachyura and Anomura) collected by the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, 1853-1856, in Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. xlix., p. 22, pl. 3 (facing p. 16), fig. 8.
Gen. HALIMUS, Latreille.
Halimus, Latreille, uae Régne Animal, éd. 2, vol. iv., p. 60. H., Rathbun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. xi., p. 157.
1908
1839.
1908.
1857. 1879.
1907.
1857.
1886.
1907.
1879:
1873.
1880
1897
1904
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 285
H., Stebbing, South African Crustacea, pt. 4, in Gilchrist’s Marine Investigations; Annals of the South African Museum, vol. vi., p. 5.
HALIMUsS DIACANTHUS (de Haan).
Pisa (Naxia) diacantha, de Haan, Crustacea of Siebold’s Fauna Japonica, decas quarta, p. 96, pl. 24, fig. 1, and pl. G.
Halimus diacanthus, Stebbing, S.A. Crust., pt. 4, p. 5. Durban.
Gen. ACHAZOPSIS, Stimpson.
Ache@opsis, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. ix., p. 219.
A., Miers, Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. xiv., Zool., No. 79, p. 645.
A., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 21.
ACHOPSIS SPINULOSUS, Stimpson.
Acheopsis spinulosus, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. ix.,
p. 219. At Cape of Good Hope, in Simon’s Bay, from 18 m.
depth.
A.s., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 18, pl. 1, fig. 4. Simon’s Bay, 9-36 m. depth.
A. s., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix. p. 21, pl. 3 facing p. 16, figs. 5, 5a.
ACH OPSIS GUNTHERI, Miers.
Acheopsis giinthert, Miers, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, vol. iv., p. 2, pl. 4, fig. 1. Cape of Good Hope, in shallow water.
Gen. DORYNCHUS Norman.
Dorynchus, Norman, Wyville-Thomson, Depths of the Sea, p. 174, fig. 34.
(21881). Lispognathus, A. Milne-Edwards, Etudes sur les Crustacés de la région Mexicaine, p. 349.
D. or L., Rathbun, Pr. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. xi., p: 62:
L., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 75.
286 Annals of the South African Museum.
* DorYNCHUS THOMSONI, Norman. 1873. Dorynchus thomson, Norman, Depths of the Sea, p. 174, fig. 34. 1880. Lispognathus furcillatus, A. Milne-Edwards, Crust. Mexic., p. 349, pl. 31a, fig. 4. 1881. L. thomsoni, A. Milne-Edwards, Comptes rendus Ac. Sci. Paris, pp. 878, 932. 1886. L.t., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 28, pl. 5, fig. 2. Agulhas Bank, off Cape Agulhas, from 274 m. depth. 1904. L. t., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 75. Off Cape Town, at 106 m.; in Francis Bay; in the Agulhas current, from 155 m.; at Cape of Good Hope, in 318 m. depth. Dorynchus t. has been sent me by Dr. Péringuey, Nov., 1908, from Saldanha Bay. No. 14746a.
Gren. PLATYMATA, Miers.
1886. Platymaia, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 12. 1902. P., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 2. 1904. P., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 59.
* PLATYMAIA WYVILLE-THOMSONI, Miers. 1886. Platymaia wyville - thomson, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, Dp: to; ple? tig) de 1902. P. turbynei, Stebbing, 8.A. Crust., pt. 2, p. 3, pl. 5. Obtained by Dr. Gilchrist, No. 147. Cape Natal N. by E. (approx.) 24 miles, from 804 m. depth. 1904. P. wyville-thomsoni, Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 59, pls. 2, 20-23, 39, 43, figs. 5, 6; pl. 50, figs. 2, 5, 6; text-figs. 2-5. 1908. P. w., Stebbing, S.A. Crust., pt. 4, p. 4.
Faminy ACANTHONYCHIDA.
1895. Acanthonychine, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixiv., pt. 2, pp. 160, 164, 190.
* An asterisk prefixed to the name of a species implies that it has been supplied by the South African Museum.
1838. 1839. 1843.
1838. 1843.
1893.
1838. 1839. 1900.
1834.
1838.
1843.
1907.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 287
Gen. ANTILIBINIA, M*Leay.
Antilibinia, M°Leay, Illustrations of the Annulosa of South Africa, p. 561.
A., de Haan, Crust. Japonica, decas quarta, p. 85.
A., Krauss, Die siidafrikanischen Crustaceen, p. 49.
ANTILIBINIA SMITHIL, M*Leay.
Antilibinia smithit, M°*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 57, pl. 2. A. s., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., pp: lio, 49, pl. 3, figs 4.
Krauss says: “This species is never overgrown with marine organisms and is found only on the surf-lashed rocks of the Natal coast.”’
A. s., Stebbing, A History of Crustacea, Recent Malacostraca, internat. Sci. Ser., vol. Ixxiv., p. 117.
Gen. DEHAANIUS, M*Leay.
Dehaanius, M°Leay, Annulosa of S. Africa, p. 57. D., de Haan, Crust. Japonica, decas quarta, p. 83. D., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 18.
“ DEHAANIUS DENTATUS, (Milne-Edwards).
Acanthonyx dentatus, M.-Edw., Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés, vol. i., p. 348. From the Cape of Good Hope. Dehaanius acanthopus, M°Leay, Annulosa of §. Africa, p. 58, Died, tess a, Osc. Acanthonyx dentatus, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 48. Always found covered with young marine plants on the rocky coast of Natal.
. A. d., Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. ix., p. 220 (26).
At Cape of Good Hope, in Simon’s Bay, 22 m. depth.
. Dehaanius d., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 39.
Simon’s Bay, 18-36 m.
. D. d., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 19.
No. 17, dredged by Dr. Gilchrist in False Bay; No. 44, in Algoa Bay between Bird Island and the mainland, 18-29 m.
D. d., Rathbun, footnote to Acanthonyx d., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise: ‘Coll.; vol xhxe p26:
Stimpson says: ‘Living specimens are of an olive
colour.”
238
1843.
1836. 1900.
1843.
1875.
1886. 1900.
1834,
1838. 1886.
1843.
Annals of the South African Museum.
DEHAANIUS MACLEAIL (Krauss).
Acanthonyx macleaii, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 47, pl. 3,
fig. 6.
On seaweed-covered rocks of the Natal coast. A. mac-leayii, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 43.
Dehaanius m., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 20;
DEHAANIUS 4-DENTATUS (Krauss). Acanthonyx 4-dentatus Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 49, pl. 3, fig. sf.
In the marine growths on the rocky coast of Natal.
A. consobrinus, Paulson, Red Sea Crustacea, p. 7, pl. 3, fig. it.
Paulson recognises the priority of Krauss’s specific name, yet adopts the later one given by Alphonse Milne- Edwards.
A. quadridentatus, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 43. Dehaanius q., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 20.
Gren. EPIALTUS, Milne-Edwards. FEpialtus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1., p. 344.
EPIALTUS SCUTELLATUS (M°Leay). Acanthonyx scutellatus, M*Leay, Annulosa of §. Africa, p. 57. Epialtus s., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 43 footnote. Miers only says that this is perhaps a species of Hpvaltus.
Famity BLASTIDA.
. Pisine, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixiv., pt. 2,
pp. 160, 165, 200.
. Blastide, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, pp. 22, 25.
INCERT SEDIS.
PIsA FASCICULARIS, Krauss.
Pisa fascicularis, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 50, pl.-3, fig. 5. “Tt is quite covered with Jania rubens, Lamarck, on the rocky coast of Natal.”
1880.
1886.
1814. 1815.
1857.
OT.
1880.
1902. 1904.
1900.
1902.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 7259
P. f., Richters, Decapoda of Mauritius and the Seychelles, p. 141, in Mobius’s Mauritius. P. f., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 56.
Miers, discussing a section of the genus Hyastenus, White, with H. sebe, White, for its type, says: ‘ Pisa fascicularis, Krauss, from Natal, may be referable here, but the orbits are shown in the figure as entire above.” Pisa is a synonym of Blastus, Leach, and Hyastenus of Halimus, Latreille.
Gren. EHURYNOME, Leach.
Eurynome, Leach, Edinb. Eneyel., vol, vil., p. 431. E., Leach, Trans. Linn. Soce., vol. xi., p. 325.
* HURYNOME LONGIMANA, Stimpson. Eurynome longimana, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sei. Philad., vol. x., p. 220 (26). E, 1., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p.- 27, pl. 4 (facing p. 28), fig. 2. Dredged in 18 m., “on a rocky bottom, among Gorgonie, &e., in False Bay, Cape of Good Hope.” No. 7, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from False Bay.
Gen. SCYRAMATHIA, A. Milne-Edwards.
Scyramathia, A. M.-Edw., Bulletin of the Museum of Com- parative Zodlogy, Harvard, vol. vili., p. 311.
S., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. d.
S., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 80.
The Rachinia of A. Milne-Edwards, Crust. Mexicains, pl. 18, fig. 1, Rochinia on p. 86 footnote, which Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 64, approximates to Notolopas, Stimpson, seems equally near to young forms of Scyramatha. See Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxiv., p. 165.
* ScCYRAMATHIA HERTWIGI, Doflein. Scyramathia hertwigi, Doflein, in Chun’s Aus den Tiefen des Weltmeeres, fig. on p. 497. S. h., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 7, pl. 6. No. 25, taken by Dr. Gilchrist, 28 miles off Lion’s Head, from 256 m. depth.
290
1904.
1905.
1895.
1905. 1908.
1905. 1908.
1908.
1817. 1895.
1905.
1803.
1843.
1905.
Annals of the South African Museunr.
S. h., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 81, pls. 27, figs. 1-7; 28, fig. le
Agulhas Current, from 500 m. depth ; Cape of Good Hope, 318 m. depth. S. h., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 25.
No. 65, at the same locality as No. 25; Nos. 222-226, 253, obtained by Dr. Gilchrist at Cape Point, N. 50° K., 185 miles ; depth 329 m.
Famiry MAMAIIDAs.
Maiine, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixiv., pt. 2, pp. 161, 166, 236.
Mamuaiide, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 22.
M., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 2, and Proce. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. xvili., p. 157.
Gren. MAMAIA, Stebbing.
Mamaia, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 23. M., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 3.
MAMAIA QUEKETTI, Stebbing.
Mamaia queketti, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4,in Ann. S.A. Mus., vol. vi., p. 3, pl. 27. Durban, specimen sent by J. F. Quekett, Esq. ; Port Ehza- beth, specimen sent by F. W. Fitzsimons, Esq.
Grex. MICIPPA, Leach.
Micippa, Leach, Zoological Miscellany, vol. ii., p. 15.
M., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxiv., pp. 167, 238, 248.
M , Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 23.
Micrppa THALIA (Herbst).
Cancer thalia, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. ii., pt. 3, p. 50, pl. 58, fig. 3. Micippe t., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 51. On the rocky coast of Natal. Micippa t., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 24. Nos. 177, 178, from the Durban Museum.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 291
Gen. STENOCIONOPS, Leach.
1823. Stenocionops, Leach. In Desmarest, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xxviii.,
p. 266. 1825. Pericera, Latreille, Encycl. Méth., Hist. Nat. Insectes, vol. x., p69: 1897. Stenocionops, Rathbun, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, vol. xi plow:
1901. S., Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1900, vol. ii., Ps ae
The synonymy of this genus is due to Miss Rathbun, who has pointed out that the Stenocionops of Latreille is distinct from the earlier Stenocionops of Leach. Alcock divides the Maiine (my family Mamaiidze) into three alliances, Maioida, Stenocionopoida, and Periceroida, names which are no longer tenable, now that the genus Maia in the first has become Mamaia, Stenocionops, Latreille, in the second has been changed to Ophthalmias, Rathbun, and Pericera, Latreille, in the third has fallen as a synonym to the true Stenocionops of Leach.
STENOCIONOPS FURCATA (Olivier).
1791. Cancer furcatus, Olivier, Encycl. Méth., Hist. Nat. Insectes, Volo Vis, py L714;
1804. Cancer cornudo, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. iii., pt. 4, PaO ple Od Ris. 6:
1834. Pericera cornuta, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i.,
1886. P. c., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 76. Simon’s Bay, 18-36 m.
1901. Stenocionops furcata, Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. for LGOOS voli pie:
Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust., p. 153 footnote, 1825, makes Maia taurus, Lamarck, the type of Stenocionops, Leach, adding that M. Latreille refers to it the Cancer corundo of Herbst. Corundo is a misprint for cornudo, of which species Maia taurus is a synonym. This is recognised by Latreille under Pericera, Régne Animal, éd. 2, vol. iv., p. 59, 1829, but on the next page, under Stenocionops, he declares that Desmarest was in error in citing Maia taurus as type of the latter genus, without any allusion to Desmarest’s statement that Latreille himself had referred Cancer cornudo to it. Latreille in 1825 and 1829 took Cancer cervicornis, Herbst, as the type of Stenocionops.
292 Annals of the South African Museum.
GEN. SCHIZOPHRYS, White. 1848. Schizophrys, White, Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vol. ii., p. 282. 1886. S., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 66. 1895. S., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxiv., pp. 166, 237, 243.
SCHIZOPHRYS ASPERA (Milne-Edwards). 1834. Mithrax asper, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i., p. 320. 1838. M. quadridentatus, M*Leay, Annulosa of S. Africa, p. 58. 1886. Schizophrys aspera, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 67. 1893. S.a., Rathbun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xvi., p. 91.
Both Miers and Miss Rathbun prefix ?? to the name of M*Leay’s Cape species in the synonymy. M°*Leay himself notes that the species comes exceedingly close to Mithrax dichotomus, Latreille.
Famiry PARTHENOPIDAL.
1895. Parthenopine, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxiv., p. 258. 1905. Parthenopide, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 26.
Gren. PARTHENOPH, J. C. Fabricius.
1798. Parthenope, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 352. 1895. P., Aleock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxiv., pp. 258, 279. 1905. P., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 27.
PARTHENOPE HORRIDA (Linn.).
1758. Cancer horridus, Linn., Systema Nature, ed. 10, p. 629. 1798. Parthenope horrida, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 353. 1905. P. h., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 27. No. 177, Durban
Museum.
Gren. LAMBRUS, Leach.
1815. Lambrus, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soe., vol. xi., pp. 308, 310. 1895. Z., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixiv., p. 259.
A specimen (description still unpublished), belonging apparently to a division of the genus, was taken by Dr. Gilchrist, No. 227, Umsunduzi River, Pietermaritzburg.
1898.
1599:
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 293
Tre CYCLOMETOPA.
Cyclometopa, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixvii., Dia 2, p. 67. @S Alcock; J. A. S:B:, vol: Ixviir, pt. 2, ph i:
Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xix., p. 468, 1907, and Calman, Crustacea, p. 315, 1909 (in Lankester’s Treatise on Zoology),
unite the Cyclometopa and Catometopa in a single group, named Brachyrhyncha. Famiry POTAMONIDAL.
1896. Potamonide, Ortmann, Zoologische Jahrbiicher, vol. ix., p. 446.
1899. Telphuside, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixviii., pt, ps 2:
1904. Potamonide, Rathbun, Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Ser. 4, vol. vi., p. 244.
1910. P., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., Brachyura, fase. 2.
Alcock divides the family into two sections, dependent on character of the mandibular palp.
Gren. POTAMONAUTES, M°Leay. 1838. Potamonautes, M*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 64.
Under ‘“ Thelphusa perlata, M. E.,’’ M*Leay remarks: “ I may take this occasion to observe, that in my cabinet I separate those species of Thelphusa which, like the present, have a transversal crest in front of the shell, and call them Potamonautes.”
1905. Potamon (Potamonautes), Rathbun, Nouv. Archives Mus., Vols vis, p.. oo:
In vol. vi., p. 237, Miss Rathbun says: ‘“‘ L’Afrique est le pays de Potamonautes, qui s’étend aussi, mais plus rarement, dans l’Inde et la Malaisie.”
* POTAMONAUTES PERLATUS (Milne-Edwards). 1837. Thelpheusa perlata, M.-Edw., Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., Deliae
Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope.
1838. Thelphusa (in cabinet Potamonautes) perlata, M*Leay, Annulosa
of S. Africa, p. 64.
294 Annals of the South African Museum.
1843. T. p., Krauss, Stidafrik. Crust., p. 37, var. a in Natal and the Colony, var. 6 in the Colony, var. c in Natal. 1847. T. p., White, List Crust. in Brit. Mus., p. 30. “Females. Cape of Good Hope.” From Dr. Andrew Smith. 1898: 7. p:, sumpson, Pry Acs Ser Philad: vols x. p: 10M In rivulets near Constantia at the Cape of Good Hope. 1865. T. p., Heller, Novara Crustacea, p. 31. The Cape. 1882. Telphusa p., Studer, Gazelle Crustacea, p. 12. On the strand of Chalk Bay, The Cape. 1886. Thelphusa(Potamonautes)perlata, Miers,Chall. Brachyura,p.215. “South Africa, Wellington and Cape Town (in the rivers).”’ 1897. Potamon (Potamonautes) perlatwm, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., pp. 304, 307. Port Natal. 1904. P. (P.) p., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 105. “ Port Elizabeth (Natal), Brook in the neighbourhood of the Kaffirs’ kraal.”’ 1905. P. (P.) perlatus, Rathbun, Nouv. Arch. Mus., vol. vii., .p. 163 ; pl. 14, fig. 4 (in vol. vi., 1904). River Vaal, Transvaal; Cape of Good Hope. 1910. P. p., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5. No. 158, from ‘“ Princess Vlei,’ Cape Town; sent by Dr. Gilchrist.
POTAMONAUTES DEPRESSUS (Krauss).
1843. Thelphusa depressa, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 38, pl. 2, fig. 4, a, b, ¢.
Krauss found it ‘‘only at a waterfall on the hills of Boschmannsrand in the neighbourhood of Pietermauritzburg in Natal, where it hides in the moss.”
1905. Potamon (Potamonautes) depressus, Rathbun, Nouv. Arch. Mus:, vol: vu; p: 169.
POTAMONAUTES INFLATUS (Milne-Edwards). 1853. Thelphusa inflata, M.-Kdw., Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser.3, vol. xx., p.210. Port Natal. 1905. Potamon (Potamonautes) inflatus, Rathbun, Nouv. Arch. Mus., vol. vii., p. 174; pl. 15, fig. 2 (in vol. yi.).
PoTaMONAUTES AUBRYI (Milne-Edwards).
1853. Thelphusa aubryt, M.-Edw., Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 3, vol. xx., pe 20.
Or
General Catalogue of Scuth African Crustacea. 29:
1880. 7. emarginata, Kingsley, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., p. 36. 1905. Potamon (Potamonautes) aubryi, Rathbun, Nouv. Arch. Mus., vol. vii., p. 191, and 1904, vol. vi., pl. 17, figs. 3, 4, 7. Miss Rathbun expresses the opinion that Port Natal, assigned by Kingsley for this species, is probably erroneous, so that it remains doubtfully South African.
POTAMONAUTES POBEQUINI (Rathbun).
1904. Potamon (Potamonautes) pobequini, Rathbun, Nouv. Arch. Mus., vol. vi., p. 241, pl. 16, fig. 8, and 1905, vol. vii., p. 195. 1880. Thelphusa aubryi, Kingsley, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., p. 35. For this species also Miss Rathbun considers Port Natal probably assigned in error as a place of origin by Kingsley on the faith of Dr. T. B. Wilson.
POTAMONAUTES SIDNEYI (Rathbun),
1904. Potamon (Potamonautes) sidneyt, Rathbun, Nouy. Arch. Mus., vol. vil., p. 165 (1905) ; pl. 14, fig. 5 (in vol. vi.). Obtained in Natal by Mme. Sarah Abraham ; another variety taken at Port Natal.
In 1847, List Crust. in Brit. Mus., p. 30, White records Thelphusa mdica, Latr., including in the synonymy ‘“ Potamonautes ind. MacLeay, Ann. §. Afr.,” and mentioning among specimens “ Var. ? Male and female. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by — Townsend, Esq.’ There is, however, no Potamonautes ind. in M*Leay’s work, and the name Thelphusa indica, White, is made a synonym of Potamon (Potamon) bouviert, n. sp., by Miss Rathbun, in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, Ser. 4, vol. vi., p. 293, 1904, without ratification of the Cape habitat.
Grn. TRICHODACTYLUS, Latreille.
1825. Trichodactylus, Latreille, Encycl. Méth., vol. x., p. 705. 1906. 7., Rathbun, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, Ser. 4, vol. viii., p. 33.
TRICHODACTYLUS AFFINIS White.
1847. Trichodactylus affinis, White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 31. Without description. Specimens from “‘S. Africa. Presented by the Earl of Derby.” 1906. T. a., Rathbun, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, Ser. 4, vol. viii., p. 74. Miss Rathbun classes this as a nomen nudum for an intermediate species.
296 Annals of the South African Museum.
Famity XANTHIDAS.
1898. Xanthide, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixvii., pt. 2, p- 69.
1899) X., Alcock, Jj. AWS. By vols ixvi., pt. 2, pe:
1900. X., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 15.
1905. Acteide, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 29.
1908. Xanthide, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 6.
This family is divided by Alcock into two sections, the first con taining his sub-families Xanthine, Actzinew, and Chlorodine, the second his Menippine, Oziine, Pilumnide, and Eriphiine. The sub-family Xanthine is subdivided into six alliances. However necessary these intricacies of classification may be in a fully developed systematic treatise, I have not found it convenient to use them in the catalogue of a narrowly restricted local fauna, although, for convenience of reference, I follow the order in which the several genera are noticed by Alcock.
Gen. LIOMERA, Dana.
1851. Liomera, Dana, Silliman’s American Journal Sci. and Arts, Ser. 2, vol. xii., p. 124.
1898. LZ., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxvii., pt. 2, pp. 72, 87.
LiomerA sp., Doflein. 1904. Liomera sp., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 101. A young female specimen, taken on the Agulhas Bank, from 102 m. depth, perhaps representing a new species.
Gren. ATERGATIS, de Haan. 1833. Atergatis, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas prima, p. 17. 1898. A., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxvii., pt. 2, pp. 71, 94.
ATERGATIS OCYROE (Herbst). 1801. Cancer ocyroe, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. iii., pt. 2, p. 20, pl. 54, fig. 2. 1835. Atergatis floridus, de Haan, Crust. Japon., decas secunda, p. 46. 1838. A. compressipes, M*Leay, Annulosa of §. Africa, p. 59. Cape.
1843
1898
1907.
1830.
1843.
1898.
1851.
1865.
1814. 1898.
1790.
1843.
1908.
1835.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 297
A, floridus, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 27. At the mouth of the Umlaas River, in Natal. He je Alcock, Jive. B:, vole lxvi.pts 2) p: 98: A. ocyroe, Rathbun, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 41 footnote.
ATERGATIS ROSEUS (Riippell). Carpilius roseus, Riippell, Red Sea Crabs, p. 13, pl. 3, fig. 3, pl. 6, fig. 7, and C. marginatus, Riippell, Red Sea Crabs, p. Lo, pl. 3, fig. 4. Atergatis marginatus, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 28. In the coral banks of the Natal coast. A. roseus, Alcock, J. A. 8. B., vol. lxvii., pt. 2, p. 97.
Gen. EUXANTHUS, Dana.
Huxanthus, Dana, Silliman’s Journ. Sci. and Arts, Ser. 2, vols xk, p 125:
EUXANTHUS RUGULOSUS, Heller. Huxanthus rugulosus, Heller, Novara Crustacea, p. 12, pl. 2, fig. 2, 2a. From the Cape.
Gren. XANTHO, Leach.
Xantho, Leach, Edinb. Eneyel., vol. vii., p. 430. X., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxvii., pt. 2, p. 112.
XANTHO HYDROPHILUS (Herbst). Cancer hydrophilus, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. i., pt. 8, p. 266, pl. 21, fig. 124.
Xantho affinis, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 30.
“Very common under stones at Natal Point and at the entrance to Natal Bay.” X. hydrophilus, Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 7.
Durban. In 1907, Smithson. Misc. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 52, Miss Rathbun still retains the name Leptodius exaratus (Milne-Edwards) for Xantho affinis, de Haan.
XANTHO OBTUSUS, de Haan. Xantho obtusus, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas secunda, p. 57, pl. 13, fig. 5. 21
1843.
1904.
1834. 1598.
1834. 1886.
1838. 1843.
1833.
1905
Annals of the South African Museum.
X.o., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 31. ‘On the rocky coast of Natal; rare.”’
XANTHO QUINQUEDENTATUS, Krauss.
Xantho quinquedentatus, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 30, pl. 1 fig. 3, a-e. ‘Under stones, at the entrance to Natal Bay; rare.”’
XANTHO sp., Doflein.
Xantho sp. Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 101.
Young specimens, akin to X. exaratus (M.-E.), which is regarded as a synonym of XY. hydrophilus. They were taken in the Agulhas Current, from depths of 102 m. and 155 m.
Gren. ETISUS, Milne-Edwards.
Etisus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i., p. 410. H., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixvii., pt. 2, pp. 72, 128.
Erisus DENTATUS (Herbst).
. Cancer dentatus, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. i., pt. 6,
p. 186, pl. 11, fig. 66.
Etisus d., M.-Edw., Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i., p. 411.
E. d., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 132, with reference to Natal in its distribution.
Gren. HALIMEDEH, de Haan.
. Halimede, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas secunda, p. 35.
HALIMEDE PISIFER, McLeay. Halimede pisifer, M*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 60. H. p., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 28. Krauss only repeats M*Leay’s comment that this species has affinity to the Polydectus cupulifer of Milne-Edwards.
Gren. ACTAVA, de Haan.
Actea, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas prima, p. 18. A., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 29.
1833.
1843.
1863.
1898.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 299
* ACTHA GRANULATA (Audouin).
. Cancer granulatus, Audouin, Explication des Planches de
Savigny (Crust. Egypt.), pl. 6, fig. 2.
. Actea granulata, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 30.
The specimen, No. 250, was obtained by Dr. Gilchrist at Umbloti River mouth, N.W. by W. 2 W., from 46 m. depth.
ACTHA RUPPELLII (Krauss).
. Aigle riippellu, Krauss, Stidafrik. Crust., p. 28, pl. 1, fig. 1.
At the mouth of the Umlaas River, in Natal.
. Actea r., Heller, Beitrige zur Crustaceen-fauna des rothen
Meeres, Sitzungsber. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. xciii., p. 316.
. A, ruppellu, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixvii.,
p. 144.
ACT#A PARVULA (Krauss).
Menippe parvulus, de Haan, Crust. Japon., decas prima, p. 21, 1833, specific name given without figure or description.
Specimen brought by Dr. Horstok from the Cape of Good
Hope.
M. p., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 34, pl. 2, fig. 2, a, b, c.
A specimen found on the rocky coast of Natal, described and figured by Krauss, for whom it was identified with the
Cape specimen by de Haan.
. Actea parvula, de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. xxii., No. 136,
[On PAC Miers in 1886, Challenger Brachyura, p. 119, suggests that this may be a species of Actwmnus, Dana.
Gen. PHYMODIUS, A. Milne-Edwards.
Phymodius, A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 4, Zool., vol. xx., p. 283. P., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixvii., pp. 74, 161.
PuHyMopius uNGuLATUS (Milne-Edwards).
. Chlorodvus wngulatus, M.-Edw., Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i.,
p. 400, pl. 16, figs. 6-8.
. Xantho dehaani, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 29, pl. 1, fig. 2.
Rather rare in the rock crannies at Natal Point.
300 Annals of the South African Museum.
1873. Phymodius ungulatus, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. Mus., Vol; ix., ps2is; 1898. P. w., Alcock, J. A. S. B., vol. Ixvii., p. 162.
The numerous references given by Alcock do not include Chilo- rodius u., Paulson, Red Sea Crustacea, p. 36, 1875. Several authors refer to Savigny’s Crust. Egypte, pl. 5, fig. 6, as repre- senting this species. But Nobili, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 9, Zool., vol. iv., p. 265, 1907, identifies that figure with Pilodius granulatus, Targioni Tozzetti, Magenta Brachyura, p. 50, 1877, which Nobili himself accepts as a distinct species of Phymodius.
Gen. CHLORODOPSIS, A. Milne-Edwards.
1873. Chlorodopsis, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Archiy. Mus., vol. 1x., p. 227. 1898. C., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixvii., pp. 74, 165.
CHLORODOPSIS AREOLATA (Milne-Hdwards).
1834. Chlorodius areolatus, M.-Edw., Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1., p. 400.
1838. C. perlatus, M*Leay, Annulosa of S. Africa, p. 59.
1843. C. p., Krauss, Stidafrik. Crust., p. 31.
1898. Chlorodopsis areolata, Alcock, J. A. 8. B., vol. Ixvii. p. 166.
It has been pointed out by Miss Rathbun that Clorodius, Leach, is a synonym of Atelecyclus, Leach. Chlorodius, Milne- Edwards, was identified with Clorodius, Leach, though it is in fact distinct. Of the species assigned to it some have been assigned to other genera; for C. niger (Forskal) Miss Rathbun proposes the generic name Chlorodiella, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. xi., p. 157, 1897.
Gen. PILODIUS, Dana. 1852. Pilodius, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xi., pp. 149, 216. 1902. P., de Man, Abhandl. Senck. Gesellsch., vol. xxv., p. 619. 1907. P., Nobili, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 9, Zool., vol. iv., pp. 267, 268, footnote.
Pinopius MARTENSII (Krauss). 1843. Menippe martensi, Krauss, Sudafrik. Crust., p. 34, pl. 2, fig. 1, Ge OsG: “This species lives on the Natal coast in the sinuosities
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 301
of Hschara foliacea, L., and is very sluggish. It fixes itself with the biuncinate fingers so firmly in the pores of the polyp that it is only rarely obtained undamaged.” 1907. P. martenst, Nobili, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 9, Zool., vol. iv., p. 268.
Nobili remarks that his specimens from the Red Sea agree per- fectly with Krauss’s species, although that species has nothing to do with Menippe, as that genus is now conceived and as already recog- nised by de Man. The reference to de Man is not specified, but may probably be to that author’s discussion of Menippe, de Haan, and Myomenippe, Hilgendorf, in Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. xxii., No. 136, pp. 36-438, 1887.
Gren. EPIXANTHOS, Heller.
1861. Epixanthus, Heller, Sitzungsber. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. xlui., p. 323. 1898. H., Aleock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixvii., p. 184.
EPIXANTHUS FRONTALIS (Milne-Edwards).
1834. Ozius frontalis, M.-Edw., Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i., p. 406. 1843. O. f., Krauss, Stidafrik. Crust., p. 31. ‘Rather rare, under stones at Natal Point; very sluggish.” 1865. Epixanthus f., Heller, Novara Crustacea, p. 20. 1898. #. f., Alcock, J. A. 8. B., vol. Ixvii., p. 185. 1907. H. f., Rathbun, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 60 foot- note.
Gen. PILUMNUS, Leach.
1815. Pilumnus, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soe., vol. xi., p. 321. 1898. P., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixvii., pp. 75, 190.
PILUMNUS XANTHOIDES, Krauss. 1843. Piluwmnus xanthoides, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 32, pl. 1 fig. 6.
“Very frequent in the sinuosities of Hschara folvacea, L., which forms little banks at Natal Point.”
Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 147, 1886, observes: ‘“‘ The Pilumnus xanthoides, Krauss, from Natal, which is included by Dr. Kossmann in this genus, differs from the typical Pilwmni in the form of the antero-lateral marginal teeth.”
302 Annals of the South African Museum.
PILUMNUS GRANULATUS, Krauss.
1843. Pilumnus granulatus, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 33, pl. 1, fig. 7. «At Natal Point, under stones; rare.”
** PILUMNUS VERRUCOSIPES, Stimpson.
1858. Pilumnus verrucosipes, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Sei. Philad., vol. > | OM DAOF Simon’s Bay, in 20 m. depth. 1900. P. v., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. i., p. 15. No. 26, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Mossel Bay, at 18 m. depth. 1904. P. v., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 100, pl. 32, figs. 3, 4. At Plettenberg Bay, Cape Colony, in shallow water. 1907. P. v., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol, xlix., p. 67, pl. 8 (facing p. 66), fig. 5.
Gren. EURYGARCINUS, A. Milne-Edwards.
1867. Eurycarcinus, A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France, Ser. 4, vol. vii., p. 276. 1898. H., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixvii., pp. 75, 209.
HURYCARCINUS NATALENSIS (Krauss).
1843. Galene natalensis, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 31, pl. 1, fig. 4. ‘‘ Under stones and in holes of the rocks at the mouth of the Umlaas River in Natal.”
Under Pseudozius, Dana, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 141, expresses the opinion that that genus is very nearly allied to Menippe, de Haan, and on the following page says: ‘ Hurycarcinus, A. Milne-Edwards, is also very nearly allied to this genus, and should, perhaps, not be separated from it.” The typical species, Eurycarcinus grandidieri, from Zanzibar, is, he thinks, identical with Galene natalensis, Krauss. The latter view is endorsed by Ortmann, 1893, Zool. Jahrb., vol. vii., p. 434, and by Nobili, 1907, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 9, vol. iv., p. 289. But Alcock, 1898, J.A.S. B., vol. Ixvii., p. 211, describes E. grandidiert, without taking notice of E. natalensis.
Gren. ERIPHIA, Latreille.
1817. Hriphia, Latreille, Régne Animal, vol. ii., p. 18. 1898. H., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxvii., pp. 76, 213.
1838.
1843.
1898.
IO
1907.
1843.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 303
Errexta smiruu, M°Leay. Eriphia smithii, MeLeay, Annulosa of §S. Africa, p. 60, with E. fordu, M*Leay, ibid. E. s., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 36, pl. 2, fig. 3, a-e.
“On the Natal coast and especially at Natal Point, where they keep in holes and crannies of the rocks, but often their holes are so small that they have only just room in them, and not enough for turning round.”
E. levimana, var. Smithii, Alcock, J. A. 8. B., vol. lxvii., p. 216.
E. 1., var. Smitht, Nobili, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 9, vol. iv., Daze
Eriphia sebana smithii, Rathbun, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 72 footnote, correction of E. smithi, Stimpson.
Miss Rathbun, ibid., gives Hriphia sebana (Shaw) as correc- tion of EHriphia levimana, Latreille, so named by Stimpson, though his references show that the name H. levimana should be attributed to Guérin, not Latreille.
EIRIPHIA SCABRICULA, Dana. Eriphia gonagra, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 36.
‘‘Tn the rock crannies at the mouth of the Umlaas River in Natal.”
The specific name used by Krauss, though earlier than Dana’s, is rejected, because the species is not, as Krauss supposed, identical with that so named by Milne-Edwards, and founded on the Cancer gonagra of Fabricius.
9. E. scabricula, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 247, pl. 14,
figs. 5, a, b.
. E. scabricula, Alcock, J. A. S. B., vol. lxvii., p. 216.
Gen. TRAPEZIA, Latreille.
5. Trapezia, Latreille, Encyel. Méth., vol. 10, p. 695.
Only the French form, Trapézie, of this name is given by Latreille in his Fam. Nat. du Régne Animal, p. 269, 1825.
. Grapsillus, M*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 67. . Trapezia, Krauss, Sidafrik. Crust., p. 35. . Grapsillus, Rathbun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. x1.,
p. 165. The preference is given to M°*Leay’s generic name on the ground that Trapezia was preoccupied by Trapezium,
304
1898.
1898.
1825. 1838.
1886.
1898.
Annals of the South African Musewm. Humphrey, 1797, but Trapezia and Trapezium are not the
same, as subsequently recognised by Miss Rathbun. Trapezia, Alcock, J. A. 8. B., vol. Ixvii., pp. 76, 217.
TRAPEZIA CYMODOCE (Herbst).
. Cancer cymodoce, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. iii., pt. 2,
p. 22, pl. 51, fig. 5.
. Trapezia c., Audouin, Crust. Egypte, p. 85, pl. 5, fig. 2
(Savigny).
. ? Grapsillus dentatus, M°Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 67, pl. 3. . Trapezia ferruginea, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 35.
Krauss identifies M*Leay’s species both with Latreille’s T. f. and with Audouin’s 7. ¢., and Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 165, considers these identifications as perhaps correct.
T. cymodoce, Alcock, J. A. 8. B., vol. lxvii., p. 219.
Alcock leaves unnoticed M*Leay’s G. dentatus.
TRAPEZIA FERRUGINEA, Latreille.
Trapezia ferruginea, Latreille, Eneyel. Méth., vol. x., p. 695. Grapsillus subinteger, M*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 67. Except referring it to Trapezia, Krauss expresses no opinion on this species. Trapezia cerulea, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 165. Miers doubtfully identifies M*Leay’s species with the earlier T. cerulea, described by Riivpell. T. ferruginea, Alcock, J. A. 8. B., vol. lxvii., p. 220. Alcock distinguishes this species, to which he refers G. swb- integer, from T. cymodoce (Herbst), with which he unites T. cerulea, of Heller and presumably of Riippell.
TRAPEZIA MACULATA (M*Leay).
3. Grapsillus maculatus, M*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 67. 3. Trapezia rufopunctata, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 36.
Krauss only gives this identification of M*Leay’s species with that of Herbst as probable. T. r., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 165. T. maculata, Alcock, J. A. 8. B., vol. lxvii., p. 221. T. m., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll. vol. xlix., p. 73, with “ Trapezia cymodoce maculata (M*Leay)”’ in footnote by Rathbun.
1899.
1908.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 305
Gen. TETRALIA, Dana.
. Tetralia, Dana, Silliman's Journ. Sci. and Arts, Ser. 2, vol.
Sey jo, Ash,
. T., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxvii., pp. 76, 223.
TETRALIA GLABERRIMA (Herbst).
. Cancer glaberrimus, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. i., pt. 8,
p. 262, pl. 20, fig. 115.
. Trapezia glaberrima, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 35.
From the coast of Natal.
. Tetralia g., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xii., p. 263, pl. 16,
fig. 3.
. Alcock, J. A. S. B., vol. lxvu., p. 223.
Faminy PORTUNIDA.
Portunide, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxviii., pt. 2,
pp. 4, 9. P., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 8.
Alcock divides the family into four sub-families—Carcinine, Portunine, Caphyrine, Lupine.
1814. 1838.
1886. ISIS),
1838. 1843.
1835.
1838.
Gen. PORTUMNUS, Leach.
Portumnus, Leach, Edinb. Eneycl., vol. vii., p. 429 (the name mentioned on p. 391).
Xaiva, M*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 62.
Portwmnus, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 170.
Pp. Sicocks J pAao. Ba vol, xviii. pect
PORTUMNUS PULCHELLUS (M°Leay).
Xaiva pulchella, M°*Leay, Annulosa of §. Africa, p. 62, pl.3. X. p., Krauss, Stidafrik. Crust., p. 27. Krauss only observes that he has not found this species.
Gen. OVALIPHS, Rathbun.
Anisopus, de Haan (preocc.), Crust. Japonica, decas prima, Dena: A., MeLeay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 62.
306
1843. 1898. 1902.
1833.
1838. 1843.
1902.
1904.
1833.
1902.
1794.
1902.
1783.
1906.
1907.
Annals of the South African Museum.
A., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 27. Ovalipes, Rathbun, Proc. U.S. Mus., vol. xxi., p. 597. O., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2., p. 12.
* OVALIPES TRIMACULATUS (de Haan). Corystes (Anisopus) trimaculata, de Haan, Crust. Japon., decas prima, p. 13. Obtained by Dr. Horstok from the shore of the Cape of Good Hope. A. trimaculatus, M*Leay, Annulosa of S. Africa, p. 62. A. t., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., pp. 12, 27. Very common in Table Bay. Ovalipes t., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 13. No. 58, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from False Bay. O. t., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 92, pl. 32, fig. 6. Cape Agulhas, from 80 m. depth ; Algoa Bay, at 40 m.; Port Elizabeth, Natal.
Gren. CHARYBDIS, de Haan.
Charybdis, de Haan, Crust. Japonica, decas prima, p. 10. C., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 9.
* CHARYBDIS CRUCIATUS (Herbst).
Cancer cruciatus Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. 11., pt. 5, p. 155, pl. 8, fig. 3, pl. 38, fig. 1.
Charybdis c., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 9. No. 154, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Port Alfred.
CHARYBDIS SEXDENTATA (Herbst).
Cancer sexdentatus, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. i pts. 2-5, p. 153, pl. 7, fig. 2. Charybdis japonica, Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1903, pt. 3, p. 872, pl. 13, fig. 2. C.j., Rathbun, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 81 footnote. Miss Rathbun quotes A. Milne- Edwards (Goniosoma japonicum, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. x., p. 373, 1861) as authority for this specific name, given as a correction of Stimpson’s ‘‘ Charybdis sexdentata (Herbst) de Haan.” In 1887 de Man, J. Linn. Soc., vol. xxii. No. 137, pp. 85, 88, discusses “ Goniosoma japomcum, de Haan,” implying that the species is de Haan’s sexdentatus, not Herbst’s.
*9
1908.
1794.
1843.
1908.
1838. 1843.
1813. 1899.
1908.
1758. 1813. 1908.
1783.
1902.
1833.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 307 g
C. sexdentata, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 10. From the Durban Museum.
CHARYBDIS NATATOR (Herbst).
Cancer natator, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. ii., pt. 5, p. 156, pl. 40, fig. 1. Charybdis granulatus, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 24. In Natal Bay at low tide. C. natator, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 9, pls. 28, 29 (Annals S.A. Mus., vol. vi., pls. 2, 3). Durban Museum.
CHARYBDIS smiTHII, M°Leay. Charybdis snuithiw, M*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 61. C. s., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 24. Krauss merely mentions the species, on which I have not yet found any light thrown by subsequent authors.
Gen. LUPA, Leach.
Lupa, Leach, Edinb. Encycl., vol. vii., p. 390.
Neptunus, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixviii. pt. 2, joovedlile Pek
Lupa, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 11.
Lupa PELAGICA (Linn.). Cancer pelagicus, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 626. Lupa pelagica, Leach, Edinb. Encyel., vol. vii., p. 390. L. p., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 12. Durban Museum.
* LUPA SANGUINOLENTA (Herbst).
Cancer sangiwinolentus, Herbst, vol. i., pts. 2-5, p. 161, pl. 8, figs. 56, 57. Lupa sanguinolenta, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 11. No. 31, obtained by Dr. Gilchrist two and a half miles off Cape St. Blaize, Durban, Natal.
Gren. ACHELOUS, de Haan.
Achelous, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas prima, p. 8.
308
1838.
1843.
1833. 1899:
LT.
1843.
Annals of the South African Musewmn.
ACHELOUS CRASSIMANUS, M°Leay.
Achelous crassimanus, M*Leay, Annulosa of §. Africa, p. 61.
M°*Leay follows the brief descriptions by the note: ‘‘ This large crab has a shell which is about five inches long by seven wide. The teeth of the cephalothorax are triangular, sharp, and nearly equal. The fore-feet are nearly equal in size. The abdomen of male has seven joints. It has been only known, as yet, to occur in deep holes, which it makes in the mud islands near the mouth of the Zwartkops River—islands that are only visible at low water.”’
A.c., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 23.
Krauss adds nothing to M*Leay’s account, except that the mouth of the Zwartkop is in the district Uitenhage. In the immediately following notice of Charybdis snuthi, he declares that M*Leay never specifies the locality at which a species was found, although the case of Achelous crassimanus is an obvious exception. It is not improbable that Alcock’s suggestion may be right (J. A. 8. B., vol. Ixviii., p. 28) that M*Leay’s species is a synonym of Scylla serrata (Forskal). But the pleon of the male in that genus is of five segments, while in M*Leay’s species it is said to be of seven.
Gren. SCYLLA, de Haan.
Scylla, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas prima, p. 11. S., Aleock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixviii., pt. 2, p. 27.
ScYLLA SERRATA (Forskal). Cancer serratus, Forskal, Descript. Anim. in itin. oriental, Dp. JU: Scylla serrata, Krauss, Stidafrik. Crust., pp. 12, 25.
“This species is at home at the mouths of some little brooks in Natal Bay, where it digs large and deep holes in the mud among the roots of Rhizophora mucronata, Lam., and Brugwera gymnorliza, Lam.”
Krauss also declares it to be the largest and strongest species among the South African Crustacea, giving its breadth as six inches one line and length as four inches two lines. These measurements are inferior to those given by M*Leay for his Achelous crassimanus. But Krauss’s account on the whole makes it almost certain that M*Leay’s species should be included under Forskal’s, the chief doubt arising from the
1893. S99:
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 309
circumstance that Krauss himself, on p. 20, as well as on pp. 23, 25, keeps them distinct, without a hint of their probable identity.
S. s., Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 69.
Sas: Alcock, J. AS. 8.4 vol. xviliey pin 2p. ai.
In 1847 the List of Crustacea in the British Museum, drawn up by Adam White, contains the entry at p. 26: “ Scylla crassimanus. Achelous c., Macleay, Ann. 8. Afr., 61. Female. S. Africa (mouth of the Zwartkops River). Presented by Dr. Andrew Smith.”
1803.
1843.
1899.
1803.
1843.
1899.
1834.
1843.
Gen. THALAMITA, Latreille.
. Thalamita, Latreille, Regne Animal, éd. 2, vol. iv., p. 33, foot-
note.
. [., Aleock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixviii., pt. 2,
[Ojon HLM,
THALAMITA ADMETE (Herbst). Cancer admete, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. iii., pt. 3, De40; pleat, te. le Thalanuta a., Krauss, Sidafrik. Crust., p. 24. Krauss distinguishes var. a and var. b, both from Natal Bay. T. admeta, Alcock, J. A. 8. B., vol. lxvi., pp. 74, 82.
THALAMITA PRYMNA (Herbst). Cancer prymna, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. iii., pt. 3, p. 41, pl. 57, fig.2. Thalamita p., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 25. From Natal Bay. Tp, Alcock, Jy A Ss VOlA XVI pps a.01c:
THALAMITA CRENATA, Milne-HKdwards.
Thalanuta crenata, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i., p. 461. T. c., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 25.
Krauss observes that he found this and the two preceding species ‘‘on the sandy places of Natal Bay in depressions under timber and pieces of rock, where they appear to have their permanent location ; for on them all occurred now and again young species of Balanus radiatus, Br., which is found
310
11899,
Soo:
Annals of the South African Museum.
frequently in the Bay, seated either on the carapace or on the chelipeds and ambulatory feet.” In the Catalogue of Thyro- straca reasons are given for calling the cirripede here men- tioned Balanus amphitrite, Darwin.
T.¢., Aleoek! J. Ac S.B., volvicvins pp..0d, 06:
On the latter page Aleock endorses ‘‘ Kossmann’s view as to the specific identity of all the Thalamitas with an eight- lobed front combined with a very broad basal antenna-joint.”’ He considers Thalamita prymna, crenata, dane, stimpsoni, and picta as all synonymous, though he prefers, for con- venience, to treat these usually accepted species as distinct.
Famity CANCRIDA.
Cancride, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxviil., pt. 2, pp. 4, 9.
Alcock divides this family into five sub-families—Cancrine, Pirimelinz, Thiine, Atelecycline, Acanthocycline—with a possible sixth, Trichiinee, which, however, may constitute, he thinks, a distinct family.
1852. 1899.
1843.
1814.
1894.
1813.
1814.
Grn. KRAUSSIA, Dana.
Kraussia, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., pp. 297, 300. K., Alcock, J. A. S. B., vol. lxviii., pp. 96, 97.
KRAUSSIA RUGULOSA (Krauss). Platyonichus rugulosus, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 26, pl. 1, fig. 5, a-d. Under stones at Natal Point.
. Kraussia rugulosa, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xii., pp. 301,
302, pl. 19, fig. 1, a-f.
Gen. ATELECYCLUS, Leach. Atelecyclus, Leach, Edinb. Encyel., vol. vii., p. 430. A., A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, Hirondelle Brachyura, Camp. Sci. Monaco, vol. vii., p. 50.
* ATELECYCLUS SEPTEMDENTATUS (Montagu).
Cancer Hippa septemdentatus, Montagu, Trans. Linn. Soc., volsbxi..ipteel, paul, mpl eye ceaele
Atelecyclus s., Leach, Edinb. Encyel., vol. vii., p. 430.
1815.
1893. 1894.
S99:
1837.
1900.
1833.
1837.
1843. 1847.
1866.
1900.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 311
A. heterodon, Leach, Malacostraca Podophthalmata Britanniz, text to plate 2. A. septemdentatus, Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 78. A. heterodon, A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, Hirondelle Brachyura, p. 50, pl. 5, figs. 6-11. No. 72 sent by Dr. Gilchrist from False Bay, 33 m. depth, greatly extends the range of this species southward.
Famity CORYSTIDA.
Corystide, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixviii., pt. 2, pp. 0, 103.
Gen. NAUTILOCORYSTES, Milne-Edwards. Nautilocorystes, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i, p. 149. N., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 16.
* NAUTILOCORYSTES OCTODENTATUS (de Haan). Corystes (Dicera) 8-dentata, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas prima, p. 1d.
Brought from the Cape by Dr. Horstok.
Nautilocorystes ocellatus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., Vs ie en LO:
Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope.
Both de Haan and Milne-Edwards give the reference to Latreille, Régne Animal, éd. 2, vol. iv., p. 53, where Latreille remarks in regard to Cancer personatus, Herbst, that another species attributable to the genus Corystes has been brought from the Cape by the late Delalande, naturalist-traveller. The present species is doubtless intended.
Dicera 8-dentata, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 27.
Nautilocorystes ocellatus, White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 53, oC. Ga Elope.
D. ocellata, Heller, Novara Crustacea, p. 70.
From the Cape.
Nautilocorystes octodentatus, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, joe life
No. 30 obtained by Dr. Gilchrist “in trawl 3 miles off Cape St. Blaize.”” No. 14930, sent by Dr. Péringuey, from Saldanha Bay.
312 Annals of the South African Museum.
1907. N. 0., Rathbun, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 89 footnote, correction of N. ocellatus used by Stimpson, who states that the species was “dredged on a sandy bottom, in 12 fathoms, in Simons Bay, Cape of Good Hope.”
Tre CATOMETOPA
1900. Catometopa, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixix., pt. 2, Deo:
Aleock divides this branch into nine families, which, with some slight alterations in the form of the names, may conveniently be accepted for the present catalogue. They are the Goneplacide, Grapside, Gecarcinide, Ocypodide, Pinnotheride, Myctiride, Hymenosomatide, Palicidee, and Ptenoplacide.
Famity GONEPLACIDA. |
1900. Gonoplacide, Alcock, J. A. 8. B., vol. Ixix., pp. 282, 283, 286, 292, 297.
1902. Goneplacide, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 15.
1905. Carcinoplacide, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 34.
Alcock divides this family into five sub-families, named Pseudo- rhombilin, Gonoplacine, Prionoplacine, Rhizopine, Hexapodine, the first corresponding with the family Carcinoplacid, so named by Stimpson in 1858, and by Ortmann in 1894, Zool. Jahrb., vol. vii., p. 685.
Gen. GONEPLAX, Leach.
1814. Goneplax, Leach, Edinb. Eneyel., vol. vii., p. 430. 1902. G., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 18.
* GONEPLAX ANGULATA (Pennant).
1777. Cancer angulatus, Pennant, British Zoology, vol. iv., p. 7, pl. 5, fig. 10. 1902. Goneplax angulata, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 15. No. 25, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from trawling 11 miles off Cape St. Blaize. 1904. G. a., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 117, Francis Bay ; Algoa Bay, from 40 cm. depth; Agulhas Bank, from LILY cioak
1835.
1904. 1905.
1879.
1905.
1852.
1904. 1905.
1833.
1835.
1852.
1905.
1858. 1900.
1904.
1835.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 313
Gren. GERYON, Kroyer. Geryon, Kroyer, Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, vol. i., pt. 1, pp. 13, 20. G., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 105. G., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 34.
* GERYON QUINQUEDENS, 9. I. Smith.
Geryon quinquedens, 8. I. Smith, Trans. Connecticut Acad., VOlx Vi.) pte Lp. eo, pl. oy figs: 1-2: G. q., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 36. No. 206, obtained by Dr. Gilchrist, from Cape Point Light- house, N.E. 2 E., 29 miles; at 860 m. depth.
Gen. CARCINOPLAX, Milne- Edwards.
Carcinoplax, Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., Ser. 3, vol. xvill., p. 164.
C., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 114.
C., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 37.
* CARCINOPLAX LONGIMANUS (de Haan).
Cancer (Curtonotus) longimanus, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas prima, p. 20.
C. (C.) l., de Haan, Crust. Japon., decas secunda, p. 80, pl. 50, fig. 1.
Carcinoplax 1., Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., Ser. 3, vol. xviil., p. 164.
C. 1., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 37.
No. 204, specimens procured by Dr. Gilchrist near Kowie, lat. 30° 45’ 20" 8., long. 26° 44’ 20” E., between 73 and 79 m. depth.
Gren. PILUMNOPLAX, Stimpson.
Pilumnoplax, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., p. 93.
P., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxix., pt. 2, pp. 292, 298, 311.
P., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 119.
PILUMNOPLAX vESTITUS (de Haan).
Cancer (Curtonotus) vestitus, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas secunda, p. 51, pl. 5, fig.
99
aid
314
1838. 1843.
1886.
1882.
1885.
1886.
1904.
1858.
1886. 1900.
1904.
1885.
1886.
1904.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Curtonotus v., M*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 61. C. v., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 33.
Krauss says: “ Of this long-haired crab I found only a single female specimen on the rocky coast of Natal, 6 lines broad and 8 lines long.”’
Pilwnnoplax vestita, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 227.
PILUMNOPLAX HETEROCHIR (Studer).
Pilumnus heterochir, Studer, Gazelle Crust., Abhandl. K. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, pt. 2, pp. 6, 11, pl. 1, figs. 3 a-d. South of the Cape of Good Hope, lat. 34° 13’ 6" S., long. 15°10! 7"! Bey front 220m, depth: Pseudorhombila (Pilumnoplax) normant, Miers, Narrative Challenger Exp., vol. 1., pt. 2, p. 587. Pilumnoplax heterochir, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 227, pl. 19, fig. 1, a=d. Agulhas Bank, off Cape Agulhas, 274 m. depth. P.h., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 119. Agulhas Current, at 500 m. depth; on Agulhas Bank, 155 m.; Cape of Good Hope, at 318 m.
Gen. LITOCHEIRA, Kinahan. Litocheira, Kinahan, Journ. Royal Dublin Soc., vol. i, Ds ails L., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 231. Litochira, Alcock, J. A. S. B., vol. lxix., pp. 292, 298, 313. Litocheira, Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 121.
LITOCHEIRA KINGSLEYI (Miers). Brachygrapsus kingsleyi, Miers, Narrative Challenger Exp., vol. i., pt. 2, p. 587. Litocheira k., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 232, pl. 21, fig. 1, a-d (Lithocheira k., in explanation of plate).
«A good series of specimens (mostly females) were dredged on the Agulhas Bank, south of Cape Agulhas,” lat. 35°4'0"S., long. 18° 37’ 0” E., from 274 m. depth.
L. k., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 121.
At the Cape of Good Hope, lat. 34° 33’ 8” 5S., long.
18° 21’ 2” EH... from: 318 m. depth:
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 315
Gren. HEXAPUS, de Haan.
1835. Hexapus, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas secunda, p. 35. 1900. H., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxix., pt. 2, p. 329.
Four genera are assigned by Alcock to his sub-family Hexapo- dine, namely, Hexapus, de Haan, Amorphopus, Bell, 1859, Thau- mastoplax, Miers, 1881, and Lambdophallus, Alcock, 1900, each established for a single species, of which in each case only the male sex appears as yet to have been described. They all agree in the remarkable absence of the last pair of perzeopods, unless a microscopic tubercle described by Bell for his Amorphopus can be supposed to represent a leg. Bell reproaches Fabricius and de Haan for finding “ nothing special or abnormal in a Decapod having only six pairs of legs besides the claws,” although Fabricius by the specific name and de Haan by the generic alike emphasise the fact, and de Haan is careful after his definition to make the further remark, ‘‘ beyond the six hinder feet, no indication of a fifth parr, nor are any hidden under the pleon.’ It is an obvious slip of the pen on Bell’s part when he writes “six pairs of legs,” instead of six legs or three pairs. There seems little justification for the separation either of Amorphopus or Thawmastoplax from Hexapus. Miers distinguishes his genus from it ‘‘by the much greater development of the second ambulatory legs and the struc- ture of the outer maxillipedes.” But he is evidently basing the first of these distinctions on a misunderstanding of the text of de Haan’s work, and the second on a figure which is too small to be trusted. In 1886 Miers includes Xenophthalmus, White, and Asthenognathus, Stimpson, among the Hexapodine, but from Stimp- son’s posthumous treatise it may be inferred that the former, and it is made certain that the latter, has the normal number of feet.
Lambdophallus is distinguished from Hexapus by the lambda- shaped arrangement in the anterior pair of male sexual appendages a feature which could not have been overlooked by de Haan, had it been present in the male of Herapus.
HExapus sExpEs (Fabricius). Plate XLI.
1798. Cancer sexpes (Fabricius), Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 344.
1835. Hexapus s., d? Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas secunda, pp- 35, 63, pl. 11, fig. 6 (not pl. 9, fig. 5, as stated in text). Hexapus latipes on pl. D.
1859. A. s., Bell, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. iii., p. 29.
316 Annals of the South African Museum.
1881. H. s., Miers, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, vol. viii., p. 262. 1888. H. s., de Man, Arch. Naturg., vol. liii., p. 322, pl. 13, fig. 3. 1900. H. sexpus, Alcock, J. A. S. B., vol. lxix., p. 330.
H. sexpes, Stebbing, No. 7058, sent from the Cape by Dr. Péringuey, but with locality marked as doubtful. The speci- men is a female, with carapace measuring 9 mm, in length by 14 mm. in breadth. The emargination of the truncate front is just perceptible. The short eyestalks, thickest at the base, are not immovable, in this respect differing from those of Alcock’s Lambdophallus sexpes. The flagella of the slender second antenne are 11-jointed. The characters of the mouth organs will be suffi- ciently seen from the figures. In the second maxillipeds the attachment of the terminal joint of the endopod to the middle of the preceding joint may be noticed. In the third maxillipeds the terminal joint is elongate, answering to de Haan’s epithet producti, although his figure gives quite a different impression. The right cheliped is missing; the fingers of the left are not short as in de Haan’s description. The other perzeopods agree with de Haan’s account, and also with Miers’s description and figures of his Thaumastoplax anomalipes. De Haan states that the second [first ambulatory] legs are shorter than those which follow. Miers misunderstood him to be speaking of the second ambulatory legs or third perswopods. By its dimensions and general character, neluding eyes, antenne, and other details, Miers’s species would be identical with the present, were it not for the very different third maxillipeds, the figure of which is very unconvincing. The third and fourth, or the third, fourth, and fifth segments of the pleon in the males of this genus are coalesced ; in the female of the species here described all seven segments are distinct, the first two the shortest, the third and fourth the broadest, the sixth and seventh the longest. The four pairs of pleopods, attached to the second, third, fourth, and fifth segments respectively, have a long, slender exopod, densely fringed with long plumose set, and a 6-jointed endopod, strongly geniculate between the long first joint and the much shorter second, all the joints carrying subapical tufts of long simple sete.
Famity GRAPSIDA.
1900. Grapside, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixix., pt. 2, pp. 283, 288, 295, 389.
Alcock divides this family into four sub-families—Grapsine,
Varunine, Sesarmine, Plagusiine—which in detailed classification
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 317
I prefer to treat as distinct families (see S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 12, and pt. 3, pp. 41, 43, 46), although for greater simplicity in this Catalogue accepting the term Grapside in the wider sense to embrace them all.
1893. 1900.
ils)
1802. 1838. 1838. 1843.
1900. 1906.
Gen. GRAPSUS, Lamarck.
. Grapsus, Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans Vertébres, p, 150. . G., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 12.
GRAPSUS MACULATUS (Catesby).
. 1743 (reissue 1771) Pagurus maculatus, Catesby, Nat. Hist.
of the Carolinas, vol. i1., p. 36, pl. 36, fig. 1. (See Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 255.)
. Cancer grapsus, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 630. . Grapsus pictus, Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans Vert., p. 150. . Grapsus (Gontopsis) pictus, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica,
p. 33.
. Goniopsis picta, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., pp. 14, 46.
Krauss describes the habits and two colour varieties of this species, which is ‘‘abundant on the limestone terraces and rocks of the Natal coast, and much sought after by the Kaffirs, who capture it by throwing pointed sticks.” Grapsus maculatus, Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 93.
G. grapsus, Alcock, J. A. 8. B., vol. lxix., p. 392.
Alcock supplies an immense number of references.
GRapsus stTRIGcosus (Herbst).
Cancer strigosus, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. iii., pt. 1, p. 05, pl. 47, fig. 7.
Grapsus s., Bose, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i., p. 203.
Gontopsis strigosa, M*Leay, Annulosa of S. Africa, p. 66.
G. flavipes, M*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 66.
G. strigosa, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 46.
Abundant.
Grapsus strigosus, Alcock, J. A. 8. B., vol. lxix., p. 393.
G. s., Giard, Comptes rendus de la Soc. de Biologie, vol. 1xi., p. 704.
Giard notes the discovery by E. Bordage that this crab is the host of the parasitic isopod Kepon typus, Duvernoy, and that its colour in life is blackish, with somewhat slate-hued reflections, the parallel transverse striz of the carapace being
318
1908.
1837. 1838.
1837. 1838.
1843.
1847.
1907.
Annals of the South African Museum.
prettily lined with white dots, suggestive of the name G. albolineatus, employed by Lamarck.
G. s., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 13.
Durban.
Gren. CYCLOGRAPSUS, Milne-Edwards.
Cyclograpsus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. u., p. 77. Gnathochasmus, M*Leay, Annulosa of S. Africa, p. 65.
* OCycLoGRAPSUS PUNCTATUS, Milne-Edwards. Cyclograpsus punctatus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust.,
Vol, tly pe 1S:
Gnathochasmus barbatus, M*bLeay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 65; pls.
Sesarma barbata, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 45, pl. 3, fig. 3, Bei opatos
Krauss distinguishes two varieties: ‘The one, figured by Macleay, lives in holes in the mud at the mouth of the Brakke River, in the district of Uitenhage, and is greenish yellow with dark red flecks on the carapace, and dark red points on the chelipeds and ambulatory feet : the other occurs under stones at Natal Point, and has on the carapace very delicate and closely aggregated dark red points, but the cheli- peds and feet of uniform colour.”
Gnathochasmus barbatus, White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 40.
“Female, Cape of Good Hope. Presented by Captain Carmichael.”
Cyclograpsus punctatus, Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., Vol. xlix,,) px 132.
Stimpson says: ‘‘ Living specimens are of a purplish brown color with black puncte. It lives among rocks and stones on sandy shores, in the third sub-region of the littoral zone. Found at Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope ; also in the harbor of Hongkong, China.”
It may be remarked that Stimpson’s identification of M*Leay’s species with C. punctatus, M.-Edw., is not disallowed by his editor, Miss Rathbun, and further that neither in 1858 nor in 1907 does Stimpson mention Sesarma barbata, Krauss. This may be inten- tional, as Stimpson’s own account of the living colouration does not agree with that of either variety described by Krauss.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 319
No. 5695, two specimens sent by Dr. Péringuey, taken in Table Bay at low tide.
1839
1852. 1858. 1900.
1843.
1852.
1853.
1900.
LAT 1843.
1900.
1830.
1905.
1798. 1905.
Gren. PACHYGRAPSUS, Randall. Pachygrapsus, Randall, Journ. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. viii, p. 126. Gontograpsus, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiil., pp. 332, 342. Pachygrapsus, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., p. 101. P., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxix., pp. 389, 399.
PACHYGRAPSUS KRAUSSII (Dana). Grapsus plicatus, Krauss (not Milne-Edwards), Siidafrik. Crust., p. 43, pl. 3, fig. 1. On the coast of Natal. Goniograpsus kraussu, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii, p. 343.
Gen. METOPOGRAPSUS, Milne-Edwards. Metopograpsus, Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 3, vol. xx., p. 164. Wey Alcock JA. 5. B:, vol. Ixix., pp. 389; 396,
METOPOGRAPSUS MESSOR (Forskal). Cancer messor, Forskal, Deserip. Anim. itin. Orientali, p. 88. Grapsus m., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 43. “On the rocks and stones at the mouth of the Umlaas River.”’ Metopograpsus m., Alcock, J. A. S. B., vol. lxix., p. 397, with very numerous references.
Gen. VARUNA, Milne-Edwards. Varuna, Milne-Edwards, Dict. Classique d’ Hist. Nat., vol. xvi., p. ol. V., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 41.
* VARUNA LITTERATA (Fabricius). Cancer litteratus, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 342. Varuna litterata, Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 41. No. 178 sent by Dr. Gilchrist as received from the Durban Museum. Also reported from Natal by Max Weber, 1897.
320
1825.
1837
1905
Annals of the South African Museum.
Gren. PLANES, Bowdich.
Planes, Bowdich, Excursions in Madeira and Porto Santo, p. 15, figs. 2a, 20.
Nautilograpsus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., Dp: Oo:
Planes, Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 42.
Credit for the name of this genus should, I believe, not be given to Leach, but should be shared between T. E. Bowdich and his widow, Mrs. 8. Bowdich, if the signature of the plate on which the Planes is figured refers to the latter. Mr. Bowdich records an incident of his voyage, when two immense logs of American pine were hauled on _ board. These were completely water-logged, ‘‘ covered with a con- tinued mass of the lepas anatifera,’ and “also full of the teredo navalis.”’ Further, ‘‘A small crab, fig. 3, a and 6 [on the plate 2a, 2b] which I conceive to be a new species of planes, was found in great numbers amongst the anatifere.” A footnote adds: ‘It was of a delicate, but bright, rose colour : from the symmetrical form of its test (notched so regularly as to increase the projection and distinctness of its chaperon), it may be called P. clypeatus.”’ The plate facing p. 16 is signed “ S. Bowdich del et lithog.”’
* PLANES MINUTUS (Linn.).
. Cancer minutus, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol. i,
p. 625.
25. Planes clypeatus, Bowdich, Excursions in Madeira, p. 15,
figs. 2a, 2d.
. P. nuinutus, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 43.
Nos. 165, 166, sent by Dr. Gilchrist from False Bay, and No. 15070 by Dr. Péringuey, specimens taken 38 miles N.W. of Table Bay.
The Nautilograpsus major, M*Leay, Annulosa of §. Africa, p. 66, and N. smithii, M*Leay, on the following page, are probably not distinct from Planes minutus, or at any rate do not seem to have been recognised by subsequent authors,
Gren. SESARMA, Say.
1817. Sesarma, Say, Journ. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. i., p. 76. 1905. S., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 44.
1798. 1843.
1900.
1835.
1843.
1900.
1798. IS SY
1843.
1817.
1838.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 321
SESARMA QUADRATUM (J. C. Fabricius). Cancer quadratus, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 341. Sesarma affinis, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 46. ‘©At Natal Point; rare.” S. quadratum, Aleock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxix., pt. 2, pp. 411, 413, with synonymy and many references.
SESARMA PIcTUM (de Haan).
Grapsus (Pachysoma) pictus, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, pol) plal6 as. 6. Sesarma picta, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 45. ‘“‘Tt lives in swarms in the mud of Natal Bay, and runs very swiftly.” S. pictum, Alcock, J. A. S. B., vol. lxix., pp. 411, 414.
SESARMA TETRAGONUM (J. C. Fabricius).
Cancer tetragonus, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 341.
C. fascicularis, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. iii., pt. 1, p. 49, pl. 47, fig. 5.
Sesarma tetragona, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 44.
According to Krauss, “The carapace is dark violet, with margins sealing-wax red; the chelipeds are beautifully coloured of the same hue. It is found on the shores of Natal Bay, where it burrows in such places as are not put under water at the spring tides. Breadth, 1 inch 6 lines; length, 1 inch 4 lines.” Krauss includes in his synonymy only Herbst’s species and the Sesarma tetragona of Milne-Edwards, 1837. The latter was distinguished from Cancer tetragonus, Fabricius, by de Man in 1887 under the name Sesarma meinerti. With this Ortmann in 1894 and Doflein in 1904 identify the species found by Krauss in Natal Bay. Alcock in 1900 describes both S. meinerti and S. tetragonwm, without giving a refer- ence to Krauss under either name, but identifying Herbst’s C. fascicularis with C, tetragonus of Fabricius.
SESARMA RETICULATUM, Say. Sesarma reticulata, Say, Trans. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. i., p. 73, pl. 4, fig. 5. S.7., MeLeay, Annulosa of S. Africa, p. 68. M°Leay identifies his Cape specimen with Grapsus cinereus,
322
1843.
1843.
1888.
1900.
1897.
1905.
1897.
1806.
1900. 1905.
1758.
1835
Annals of the South African Museum.
Bose, 1802, and yet gives it Say’s specific name, which is dated 1817. Miss Rathbun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. xi., 1897, distinguishes Say’s species on p. 89 under a different sub-genus from that to which she assigns Bosc’s species on p. 90. It leaves a vagueness about M*Leay’s species, since he refers both to Bose and Say.
S. 7, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 45.
Krauss gives no independent information.
SESARMA LONGIPES, Krauss.
Sesarma longipes, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 44, pl. 3, fig. 2.
“Caught under stones at the mouth of the Umlaas River. It is very nimble in its movements.” Helice (?) l., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 268.
Miers suggests that the Umlaas River in Krauss stands for Unmlazi. Sesarma l., Alcock, J. A. S. B., vol. lxix., pp. 413, 424.
* SESARMA CATENATUM, Ortmann.
Sesarma catenata, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., p. 334, pla Ligaies o: S. catenatum, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 44. Nos. 3, 8a sent by Dr. Gilchrist from Kaerbooms River, Plettenberg Bay. A specimen was also sent me from the Durban Museum.
SESARMA EULIMENE, de Man. Sesarma eulimene, de Man, in Weber’s Fauna von Siid-Afrika, Zool. Jahrb: vol.x., pp: lov,pl. lo tig. Th Umbilo River, Natal.
GEN. PLAGUSIA, Latreille.
Plagusia, Latreille, Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum, vol. 1.,.p. da:
P., Aleock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixix., pp. 297, 436.
P., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 46.
* PLAGUSIA CHABRUS (Linn.). Cancer chabrus, Linn., Systema Nature, ed. 10, p. 628. P. capensis, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas secunda, pp. 31, 58.
1837.
1838. 1843.
1847.
1905.
1907.
1790.
1843.
1900.
1907.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 323
From the Cape of Good Hope, by Dr. Horstock [or
Horstok ]. P. tomentosa, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii, Dp. 92.
‘“‘Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope and Chili.” P.t., M*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 66.
P.t., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 42, pl. 2, fig. 6.
‘In the holes excavated by the surf on the rocky coast of Table Bay.”’
P. chabrus, White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 42.
‘““Male, Cape of Good Hope. Presented by Captain Car- michael. Male and female, 8. Africa. Presented by Dr. Andrew Smith.”
P. capensis, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 47.
No. 195, specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist from East London (shore) and from Three Anchor Bay.
P. chabrus, Rathbun, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 122, correction in footnote of Stimpson’s P. tomentosa.
Stimpson says: ‘‘ White refers this species, perhaps justly, to the Cancer chabrus of Linnzeus. But the identification does not appear to rest upon comparison of the original specimens, and until this is made we prefer to use a name to which we cau refer with certainty. It is rather common about the rocks at half-tide in Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope.”
Though now accepting the name P. chabrus, in deference to better authority than my own, I may refer to the arguments I have previously used in favour of P. capensis, which is of older date than P. tomentosa.
PLAGUSIA SQUAMOSA (Herbst).
Cancer squamosus, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. i., pt. 8, p. 260, pl. 20, fig. 113.
Plagusia squamosa, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 42.
‘“On the surf-lashed rocks of the Natal coast near the
mouth of the Umlaas River.”
P. depressa var. squamosa, Alcock, J. A. 8. B., vol. lxix., p. 437.
P. depressa (Fabricius), Rathbun, Smithson. Misc. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 112, footnote correction to Stimpson’s “ Plagusia squamosa (Herbst) Dana.”
324
1835.
1848.
1876. 1900.
1900.
1804.
1806. 1835.
1838. 1843. 1896.
1900.
1907.
1852. 1900.
1901.
1908.
1814.
1837. 1888.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Gren. PERCNON, Gistel.
Acanthopus, de Haan, preoce. Crustacea Japonica, decas secunda, p. 29.
Percnon, Gistel, Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs, Stuttgart, p. Vill.
Leiolophus, Miers, Catal. Crust., New Zealand, p. 46.
Inolophus, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxix., pp. 297, 439.
Percnon, Rathbun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxii., p. 281.
From this paper by Miss Rathbun, on ‘‘ The Decapod Crus- taceans of West Africa,” the reference to Gistel is adopted.
PERCNON PLANISSIMUM (Herbst).
Cancer planissimus, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. iii., pt. 4, p. 3, pl. 59, fig. 3.
Plagusia clavimana, Latreille, Gen. Crust. et Ins., vol. i., p. 34.
Ocypode (Acanthopus) c., de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas secunda, p. 30.
Plagusia spinosa, M*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 66.
Acanthopus clavimanus, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 42.
‘‘Under stones and rocks at Natal Point and in Table Bay ;
tolerably common.”
Leiolophus planissimus, Miers, Catal. Crust. N. Zealand, p. 46.
Inolophus p., Alcock, J. A. S. B., vol. lxix., p. 439, with numerous references.
Percnon planissimum, Rathbun, Smithson. Misc. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 123, footnote correction to Stimpson’s “ Acanthopus planissimus (Herbst) Dana.”
Famity GKECARCINIDAS.
Gecarciumde, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 374.
Geocarcimde, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixix., pp. 283, 297, 440.
Gecarcinide, Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. ii., p. 13.
G., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 14.
Gren. GECARCINUS, Leach. Gecarcinus, Leach, Edinb. Encyel., vol. vii., p. 430. G., Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 25. Geocarcinus, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, vol. xvii., p. 217.
1837.
1886.
1825. 1900. 1908.
1796.
1908.
1894. 1900.
1505.
L798: 1803.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 325
GECARCINUS LAGOSTOMA, Milne-Edwards.
Gecarcinus lagostoma, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. vole ai. p. 2.
Geocarcinus 1. (?), Miers, Challenger Brachyura, vol. xvii., p: 218) pl. Ss) igs 2.
Miers says that this species has apparently a very extensive range, including the Cape of Good Hope. From a footnote on p. 219 it appears that the authority for this locality depends on a specimen in the British Museum “ designated as from the Cape of Good Hope.” Dr. Calman, Proc. Zool. Soe., London, 1909, p. 710, incidentally remarks that the history of this specimen cannot be traced.
Gren. CARDISOMA, Latreille.
Cardisoma, Latreille, Eneyel. Méth., vol. x., p. 685. Cardiosoma, Alcock, J. A. 8. B., vol. Ixix., pp. 297, 441, 444. Cardisoma, Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 14.
CARDISOMA CARNIFEX (Herbst).
Cancer carnifex, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. ii., pt. 6, p. los; pl aly figs
Cardisoma c., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 14.
Specimen from Durban Museum, sent by Mr. J. F. Quekett.
Fammy OCYPODIDA.
Ocypodide, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. vii., pp. 700, 741.
O., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxix., pt. 2, pp. 2838, 290, 294, 342.
O., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 39.
Gren. OCYPODE, Fabricius.
Ocypode, J. C. Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 347.
Ocypode, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., vol. vi., pp. 27, 35. On p. 27 Ocypoda, though an obvious misprint, has been
accepted by many authors as the original name of the genus,
with Fabricius quoted as the authority for it. Milne-Edwards,
Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 11., p. 41, adopts Ocypoda, though citing
Fabricius and Latreille’s p. 27 for Ocypode.
326
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1904.
1SOG
Mite:
1798. 1838.
1843.
1825. 1838.
1843
Annals of the South African Museum.
OcypopdE CURSOR (Linn.).
Cancer cursor, Linn., Systema Nature, ed. 10, p. 625.
Ocypode ippeus, Olivier, Voy. dans l’empire ottoman, vol. ii., p. 234, pl. 30, fig. 1.
The reference is borrowed from Milne-Edwards, the date from Doflein, who gives the page as 235, and, like Miers, gives the name as Ocypoda.
Ocypoda cursor, Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 127.
A female specimen, from Tiger Peninsula, in Great Fish Bay. Dr. Péringuey tells me that he reckons South Africa to include Africa south of lat.16°S. This will bring Dr. Doflein’s specimen within the limit, but the specimens included in this Catalogue have not as a rule been taken nearly so far north ward.
Ocypode ippeus, Rathbun, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 108, footnote correction of Stimpson’s “ Ocypode cursor (Belon) de Haan,” which includes in the synonymy Olivier’s Ocypode ippeus.
OcyYpoDE CERATOPHTHALMUS (Pallas).
Cancer ceratophthalmus, Pallas, Spicilegia Zoologica, Fasciculus nonus, p. 83, pl. 5, figs. 7, 8.
Ocypode ceratophtalma, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 347.
Ceratophthalma cursor (Herbst), M*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 64.
Ocypode ceratophthalma, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 41.
‘‘On the sandy parts of the Natal coast; younger indi- viduals I have also found on extensive sandy coasts of the Colony.”
OcYPODE CORDIMANA, Desmarest.
Ocypode cordimana, Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust., p. 121. O. c., M°Leay, Annulosa of S. Africa, p. 64.
McLeay remarks that “the Ocypode cordimana of Dehaan appears to be a very different species.” Krauss thinks that it is ‘‘ probably only a younger individual.’ But Ortmann in 1897 and Doflein in 1904 make de Haan’s O. cordimana a synonym of O. ceratophthalma.
O. c., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 41.
On the sandy coast of Natal.
1835.
1880.
1897.
1814. 1905.
1835.
1843. 1891.
1905.
1835.
1843.
SOT. 1900.
1837.
1838.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 327
OcYPoDE KUHLII, de Haan. Ocypode kuhlii, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas secunda, pp. 29, 58. O. ryderi, Kingsley, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., p. 183 (fide Ortmann), from Natal. Ocypoda kuhli, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., p. 364. From Cape land: Port Elizabeth.
Gren. UCA, Leach.
Uca, Leach, Edinb. Eneyel., vol. vii., p. 430. Uca, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 39, where the neces- sary synonymy is given and discussed.
Uca arcuata (de Haan)
Ocypode (Gelasimus) arcuata, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas secunda, pp. 26, 53, pl. 7, fig. 2.
Gelasimus arcuatus, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., pp. 14, 39.
G. a., de Man, Notes from the Leyden Museum, vol. xiii., p. 28, pl. 3, fig. 7.
Uca arcuata, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 40.
Specimen from Durban Museum, sent by Mr. J. F. Quekett.
Uca tactEa (de Haan). Ocypode (Gelasimus) lactea, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas secunda, pp. 26, 54, pl. 15, fig. 5. Gelasimus lacteus, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 39.
Of this species and the preceding Krauss says: ‘‘ They both dig themselves deep holes in the mud among the Rhizophora roots, and live in swarms. They run rapidly and are very shy.”
Uca lactea, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., p. 355. Gelasimus lacteus, Alcock, J. A. S. B., vol. lxix., -p. 355.
Uca CHLOROPHTHALMUS (Milne-Edwards).
Gelasimus chlorophthalmus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 54. G. chlorophthalmus, Guérin, Iconogr. Régne Animal, pl. 4, fig. 3.
This plate is probably of earlier date than 1837, but it is undated.
G. chlorophthalmus, M*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 64.
328
1843.
1891.
1907.
1874.
1880.
189i.
1897.
1835. 1837. 1838.
1843. 1900.
1838.
1843.
Annals of the South African Musewm.
G. c., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 40.
Krauss says: ‘‘ I do not know this species + but to judge by Guérin’s figure it appears to stand very near the preceding species.”
G.c., de Man., Notes from the Leyden Museum, vol. xiii., p. 41. G. c. (?), Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., p. 354.
Ortmann argues that any identification of this species is so doubtful that its title should be rejected as nomen nudum. Certainly M*Leay and Krauss give no help towards guarantee- ing its claim to be a South African species.
Uca inversa (Hoffmann).
Gelasimus inversus, Hoffmann, Crust. & Echinod. Madagasc., p. 19, pl. 4, figs. 23-26. G. smithi, Kingsley, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., p. 144, pl. 9, fig. 14.
From Natal.
G. inversus, de Man, Notes from the Leyden Museum, vol. xiii., p. 44, pl. 4, fig. 12. Uca inversa, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., p. 351.
De Man and Ortmann agree that the species named Gelasimus chlorophthalmus by Hilgendorf (in 1869 and 1878) is not the species so named by Milne-Edwards, but is identical with Hoffmann’s Uca wmversa.
Gren. CLEISTOSTOMA, de Haan.
Cleistostoma, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas secunda, p. 26.
Cleistotoma, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 67.
C., McLeay, Annulosa of S. Africa, p. 64.
C., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 40.
Cleistostoma, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. ixix., pp. 294, 372.
CLEISTOSTOMA EDWARDSII (M°Leay).
Cleistotoma edwardsu, M*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 64. M‘Leay says: ‘‘ This species comes very near to the Clei- stotoma Leachit of Milne-Edwards, but differs from it in the surface being altogether smooth. The length is four lines.” C. e., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 40. Krauss supplies no additional information, and I do not
1858.
1843.
1869.
1884
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 329 know whether M*Leay’s species has been since recognised.
C. leachii was first named Macrophthalmus 1. by Audouin, Descr. Crust. Egypte, pl. 2, fig. 1 (Savigny).
Gren. HUPLAX, Milne-Edwards.
. Huplax, Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. Ser. 3,
vol. xviii, p. 160:
. Chenostoma, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., p. 97. . Huplax, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, vol. xvii., pt. 49, p. 251.
Euruax Boscr (Audouin).
5. Macrophthalmus bose, Audouin, Descr. Crust. Egypte, pl. 2,
fig. 2 (Savigny).
. M. b., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 40, pl. 2, fig. 5.
‘¢On the coast of Natal.’’
. Cleistostoma db. (?), Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xii., p. 313,
pl. 19, fig. 3, a—d.
. Euplax bosci, Milne-Kdwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., Ser. 3,
vol. xvili., p. 160.
. Chenostoma orientale, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x.,
De ate
. Huplax (Chenostoma) boscii, Miers, Chalienger Brachyura,
Reports, vol. xvii., pt. 49, p. 252.
. Huplax b., Rathbun, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 98,
footnote correction of Stimpson’s Chenostoma orientale.
GEN. DOTILLA, Stimpson. Dotilla, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., p. 98.
DorTiILLA FENESTRATA, Hilgendorf.
Doto sulcatus, Krauss (not Cancer sulcatus, Forskal, 1775), Siidafrik. Crust., p. 39.
Krauss says: ‘‘ This sand-crab lives in tolerably deep holes on the sandy coast of Natal. During the ebb it is seen busily occupied in clearing its hole, which the flood-tide had deluged, by shovelling out the sand with its feet. It is frequent.” Dotilla fenestrata, Hilgendorf, van der Decken’s Reisen in
Ost-Afrika, vol. iii., p. 85, pl. 3, fig. 5. D. f., Miers, ‘‘ Alert’ Crustacea, p. 543. Miers says: “‘ Hitherto it has apparently been recorded only 23
330
1894
1852
1890
Annals of the South African Museum.
from the East Coast of Africa, where it ranges from Ibo to Natal, if (as Hilgendorf notes, and as is doubtless correct) the specimens referred by Krauss to D. sulcata belong to D. fenestrata.” D. f., Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. vii., p. 748.
Two male specimens from the Cape of Good Hope in the Strassburg Museum.
Famity PINNOTHERIDA.
Pinnotheridea (part), de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas prima, p. 9.
Pinnotheride (part), Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xuii., p. 378.
Pinnoteride, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixix., pp. 284, 293, 331.
Alcock hesitatingly divides this family into four sub-families, which he names Pinnoterinz, Pinnothereline, Xenophthalmine, Asthenognathine.
1802. 1803.
1852. 1893. L900.
1904.
1853.
1875. 1894. 1900. LOT.
Gren. PINNOTHERES, Bose. Pinnotheres (part), Bose, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i., p. 239. P. (restricted), Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., vol. vi., p: «o: Pinnothera, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 378. Pinnotheres, Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 99. Pinnoteres, Alcock, J. A. 8. B., vol. lxix., pp. 294, 337.
PINNOTHERES sp., Doflein. Pinnotheres sp., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 124, pl. 37, figs. 3, 4, text fig. 10. A female specimen taken in Algoa Bay.
Gren. OSTRACOTHERES, Milne-Edwards.
Ostracotheres, Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 3, vol. xx., ps 219:
O., Paulson, Red Sea Crustacea, p. 70.
O., Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. vii., p. 692.
Ostracoteres, Alcock, J. A. 5. B., vol. Ixix., p. 293.
O:, Nobili, Ann. Sci. Nat.; Ser. 9; volsiv.4p. 299:
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 331
OSTRACOTHERES TRIDACN# (Riippell). 1830. Pinnotheres tridacne, Riippell, Red Sea Crabs, p. 22, pl. 5, fig; 2, pl. 6, fig. 17. 1843. P. ¢t., Krauss, Stidafrik. Crust., p. 47. ‘“On the coast of Natal.” 1853. Ostracotheres t., Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 3, vol. xx. joe ABS) 1875. O. t., Paulson, Red Sea Crustacea, p. 70. 1907. Ostracoteres t., Nobili, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 9, vol. iv., p. 299.
Faminry HYMENOSOMATIDA.
1858. Hymenosomide, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., p. 108. 1900. H., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxix., pp. 285, 291, 295, 3865.
1905. Hymenosomatide, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 49.
It may be noted that Miers in 1886 classes the Hymenosomine as a sub-family of the Pinnotheride, thus, like Alcock, assigning them to the Catometopa. Doflein in 1904 arranges the Hymenosomide and Parthenopidze as families of the Cyclometopa. Borradaile in 1907 and Calman in 1909 place both these families among the Oxyrrhyncha, as Ortmann had earlier done with the Hymenosomide.
GEN. HYMENOSOMA, Desmarest. 1825. Hymenosoma, Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust., p. 163. 1905. H., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 49. 1909. H., Chilton, Subantaretic Islands of New Zealand, p. 610.
HYMENOSOMA ORBICULARE, Desmarest. 1825. Hymenosoma orbiculare, Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust., p. 163, pl. 26, fig. 6, a-e. “ Hrom the Cape of Good Hope.” 1838. (Hymenosoma) Leachiwm o., M°Leay, Annul. of S. Africa, p. 68. 1843. Hymenosoma o., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 51. “The colour is brownish yellow. Tolerably frequent in Table Bay, under stones and in holes.” 1858. H. 0., Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., p. 108. 1886. H.0., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, Reports, vol. xvii., p. 280. ‘Numerous specimens were collected in Simon’s Bay, South Africa, in 5 to 20 fathoms (mostly of small size).”’
332
1904
1907.
1858.
1886.
1905.
1907.
1837.
Annals of the South African Museum.
H. o., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 88.
Hight males and females in Francis Bay; two males off Cape Agulhas in a depth of 80 m.; seven males and females in Algoa Bay.
H. o., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll. vol. xlix., p- 144.
‘Found at the Cape of Good Hope, in False Bay, on sandy bottoms, in ten fathoms.”’ Stimpson also remarks that ‘“ the published figures of this species must in many respects be imperfect, as they show great discrepancies.”
* HyMENOSOMA GEOMETRICUM, Stimpson.
Hymenosoma geometricum, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., VOleex-, po: LOS: H. g., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 280.
Miers only expresses the opinion that this is possibly not distinct from H. orbiculare, with which Doflein in 1904 unites it, as a possible variety.
H. g., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 50.
No. 69, specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist were taken in False Bay, Roman Rock, N.W. 2 N., 3 mile; depth 33 m. This species has also been sent me by C. F. Beyers, Esq., taken at low tide in False Bay.
H. g., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 144.
Stimpson says: ‘The only specimen before us is a male,” and, after describing it, writes as follows: ‘‘This species is certainly distinct from H. orbiculare, if the published figures and descriptions of that species are to be relied upon. Besides less important characters, the sharp lateral teeth on the hepatic region and the slenderness of the ischium-joint of the outer maxillipeds will be sufficient to distinguish it. Un- fortunately we have no specimens of the true H. orbiculare upon which to found a comparison, as the examples which were taken at the Cape, and identified with that species at the time, were all lost by accident. Our specimen was dredged from asandy bottom in twelve fathoms, in Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope.”
Gren. ELAMENA, Milne-Edwards. Elamena, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 11, p. 33.
1900. E., Alcock, J. A. S. B., vol. lxix., p. 385.
1896.
1900.
1852. 1896. 1900.
1798. 1908.
1758. 1843.
1908.
1794.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 333
ELAMENA MATHAI (Desmarest).
. Hymenosoma mathei, Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust., p. 163. . H. mather, Riippell, Red Sea Crabs, p. 21, pl. 5, fig. 1, pl. 6,
fig. 16.
. Hlamena mathei, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii.,
p. 30.
3. H. m., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 51.
“On the weed-covered coasts of Natal. Colour yellowish.”
75. H. m., Paulson, Red Sea Crustacea, p. 71, pl. 9, fig. 3, a, b.
Tre OXYSTOMATA.
. Oxystomata, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas quinta,
pale
Oxystoma, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxv., pt. 2, p. 135.
Oxystomata, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 21; 1902, ibid. pt. 2; p: 16; 1905; ibid=; ps. 3; ps 02); 1908; ibid:, pt. 4, p. 15.
Faminy CALAPPIDA.
Calappide, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., pp. 390, 393.
C., Alcock, J. A. 8. B., vol. lxv., p. 187.
C., Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 21, and 1908; ibid., pt. 4, pe Lie
Gen. CALAPPA, J. C. Fabricius.
Calappa, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 345. C., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 17.
CALAPPA HEPATICA (Linn.). Cancer hepaticus, Linn., Systema Nature, ed. 10, p. 630. Calappa tuberculata, Krauss, Siidafirik. Crust., p. 52. In little pits on the sandbanks of the Bay of Natal. C. hepatica, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 17. Durban Museum.
CALAPPA FLAMMEA (Herbst).
? Cancer flammeus, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. ii., pt. 5, p. 161, pl. 40, fig. 2; and 1803, ibid., vol. i., pt. 3, p. 19.
334
1886.
RSTO
1871.
1825. 1900.
1837.
1839.
1843.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Calappa flammea, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, vol. xvii., Rep. 49, p. 284, pl. 23, fig. 1.
“An adult male labelled as from Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope, 10 to 20 fathoms.” In a footnote Miers mentions the possibility that Herbst’s species, originally described from the East Indies, is not identical with this South African form. C. f., Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. ii., p. 84,
pl. 2.
CALAPPA MONIZIANA, de Brito Capello.
Calappa moniziana, de Brito Capello, Jorn. Sci. Lisboa, vol. iii., pp. 129, 133, pl. 2, figs. 1, 16.
Under this name de Brito Capello gives the locality, ‘‘ Patria: cabo de Boa Esperanza ?”’ for an individual in a box of insects, arachnids and crustaceans presented to the {Lisbon} Museum by Dr. Moniz. On p. 133 he draws up a synoptic table of eight species of Calappa, three of these having in common the characters, ‘“‘Clypeiform prolongations very salient. Teeth developed at the hind margin of the carapace. At the middle of the same margin a great space without teeth.” The three are distinguished one from another as follows: C. moniziana having on the lower margin of the hand a tubercle only, C. marmorata a large tooth, and C. gallus neither tooth nor tubercle.
From Cape of Good Hope. See Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 284.
Gren. MURSIA, Desmarest.
Mursia, Desmarest, Consid én. Crust., p. 108 footnote. M., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 21.
* MURSIA CRISTIMANUS, de Haan.
Mursia cristimanus, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas tertia p: 20: M. cristemana, de Haan, Crust. Jap., decas quarta, p. 73. Brought to the Dutch Museum from the Cape of Good Hope by Dr. Horstok. M. c., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 52. Krauss gives Dr. y. Lichtenstein’s authority for the existence of another specimen from the Cape in the zoological museum at Berlin.
1900.
1904.
1819.
1852. 1886.
1896
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 339
M. cristimanus, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 22.
No. 5, from False Bay, found in trawl; No. 47, male ob- tained S.E. of East London, from 58 m.; No. 48, female obtained near Port Elizabeth, from 67 m.; all sent by Dr. Gilchrist.
M. cristumana, Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 38, pl. 16, figs. 5-12; pl. 18, fig. 1.
Taken off Cape Town, at 178 m.; Cape Agulhas, at 80 m.; in Francis Bay; off the Cape of Good Hope, at 318 m.; and in Simon’s Bay, at 70 m. depth.
Famiry MATUTIDA.
. Matutide, M*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 70. . M., Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 53.
Gen. MATUTA, J. C. Fabricius.
. Matuta, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 369. . M., Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, p. 53.
Maruta LuNARIS (Forskal).
. Cancer lunaris Forskal, Descr. Anim. in itin. Orientali, p. 91. . (Matutinus) Matuta victor, M*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 70. . Matuta victor, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 52.
Krauss says: “I have several times taken it while fishing with the net in Natal Bay and at ebb-tide on the surf-beaten sandbanks at the mouth of the Umlaas.”’
. M. lwnaris, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 399
Cape of Good Hope.
. M, 1., Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. d4.
Nos. 177, 178, from the Durban Museum.
Faminy LEUCOSIIDA.
Leucosiade, Leach, The Entomologist’s Usefui Compendium, a oe
Leucoside, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xii., pp. 390, 391, 396.
Leucostide, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, vol. xvu., Rep. 49, D9 (.
L., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixv., pp. 136, 164, 166.
336
1902.
1904.
TSi7. 1886. 1901. 1902.
1758. 1788.
Annals of the South African Musewn.
GEN. PHILYRA, Leach.
. Philyra, Leach, Zool. Miscell., vol. iii., p. 18. . P., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 17.
* PHILYRA PUNCTATA, Bell.
. Philyra punctata, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. xxi., p. 301,
pl. 33, fig. 2.
Bell says: ‘‘ It was dredged in Simon’s Bay, South Africa, in sand, at the depth of from four to seven fathoms.” P. p., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 17.
No. 24, a specimen sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Mossel Bay. P. p., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 45, pl. 15, figs. 1-4.
From Francis Bay, Algoa Bay, and Plettenberg Bay, all in small depths.
Gen. PERSEPHONA, Leach.
Persephona, Leach, Zool. Miscell., vol. iii., pp. 18, 22. P., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, vol. xvii., Rep. 49, p. 311. P., Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1900, vol. ii., p. 86. P., Rathbun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxvi., p. 30.
Miss Rathbun here remarks: ‘‘I think that the genus Myra, Leach, is not distinct from Persephona, Leach.” Persephona has page precedence.
PERSEPHONA PUNCTATA (Linn.).
. Cancer punctatus (part), Linn., Systema Nature, ed. 10,
p- 630.
. Persephona punctata, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, vol. xvii.,
Rep. 49, p. 312, pl. 25, fig. 5.
Speaking of Persephona, Miers says: ‘This genus ap- parently represents Myra on the shores of the American continent and islands adjacent,’ adding in a footnote: ‘“ Its range may, however, extend over the whole Atlantic region, since there is a specimen, perhaps not distinct from Persephona punctata, from South Africa (Sir A. Smith), in the collection of the British (Natural History) Museum.”
PERSEPHONA CUPHHUS (Linn.). Cancer cupheus, Linn., Systema Nature, ed. 10, p. 628. C.c., Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. i., pt. 7, p. 213. Herbst says: “Its habitat is in India and at the Cape of
Ike We
1896.
1873.
1886.
1778.
SLT.
1817. 1896.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 337
Good Hope.” It seems quite uncertain whether this should be identified with the species named Leucosra fugax by Fabricius in 1798, Myra fugax by Leach in 1817, and Persephona fugax by Miss Rathbun in 1907.
Gen. EBALIA, Leach.
Ebalia, Leach, Malacostraca Podophthalmata Britanniz, text to pl. 25 (published April 1, 1817), and Zool. Misc., vol. i. p: LS;
H., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxv., pp. 166, 70; Sd:
EBALIA TUBERCULOSA (A. Milne-Edwards).
Persephona tuberculosa, M.-Kdw., Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 1., pt. 4, p. 86.
Hbalia t., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, vol. xvii., Rep. 49, p. 306, pl. 25, fig. 1.
Miers says: ‘‘There are in the collection three small females from the Agulhas Bank, 150 fathoms, lat 35° 4’ 0" S., long. 18° 37’ 0” E. (Station 142), which cannot, I think, be distinguished specifically from Hbalia tuberculosa.”
* EIBALIA TUBEROSA (Pennant)? var. Cancer tuberosus, Pennant, Brit. Zool., vol. iv., p. 8, pl. 9a, rok DS), E. pennantii, Leach, Malac. Pod. Brit., pl. 25, figs. 1-6.
No. 10763, from False Bay, off Cape Point, sent me by Dr. Péringuey, appears to be at least in near agreement with Pennant’s species. The chelipeds are much shorter than those of HE. tuberculosa.
Gren. ARCANIA, Leach.
Arcania, Leach, Zool. Miscell., vol. iii., p. 19. Ae Nicock, J. Aso: Bay vole ixy:, pps lGieaiL; 262:
* ARCANIA SEPTEMSPINOSA (Fabricius).
. Cancer septemspinosus, Fabricius, Mantissa Insectorum, vol. 1.,
p. 326.
. Arcania septemspinosa, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, vol. xvii.,
Rep. 49, p. 300.
338 Annals of the South African Museum.
1896. A. s., Aleock, J. A. 8. B., vol. lxy., pp. 263, 265. This species, No. 11426, has been sent me from the Cape by Dr. Péringuey.
Gren. LEUCISCA, M°Leay.
1838. Leucisca, M*Leay, Annulosa of S. Africa, p. 70. 1886. L., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, vol. xvii., Rep. 49, p. 303.
* LEUCISCA SQUALINA, M°Leay.
1838. Leucisca squalina, M*Leay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 70, pl. 3, figs. a, b. 1843. L. s., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 53.
Krauss only says: ‘“ Macleay upon a single damaged specimen has established this sub-genus, which is closely related to Philyra, Leach, and probably cannot be separated from it.”
Nos. 161, 162, from rocks at St. James, False Bay, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, appear to belong undoubtedly to this species, as they fully agree with M°Leay’s figure. The broad, much advanced, scarcely emarginate rostrum is a conspicuous feature. A female, 8 mm. long by nearly 10 mm. broad, showed a very broad pleon, with first segment very short, the last narrow, ovoid, all the inter- mediate segments soldered, but the second with faint suture, not produced to a point on either side as in Stimpson’s Carcinaspis. A male, with carapace 9 mm. long, 10°5 mm. broad, has the pleon narrowly triangular, with forward directed arched lobe on back of penultimate segment.
Grn. CARCINASPIS, Stimpson. 1858. Carcinaspis, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad, vol. x., p. 161. 1886. C., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, vol. xvii., Rep. 49, p. 303. 1907. C., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 161.
CARCINASPIS MARGINATUS, Stimpson. 1858. Carcinaspis marginatus, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., p: ok: 1907. C. m., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 162, pl. 14 (facing p. 104), fig. 7. ‘Found under stones at low-water mark, on rocky shores, at the Cape of Good Hope.”’
1852. 1886. 1896.
1798. 1896.
1767.
1785.
1825.
1837.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 339
Faminy DORIPPIDA.
Dorippide, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., pp. 390, 398.
D., Miers, Challenger Brachyura, vol. xvii., Rep. 49, p. 326.
Ds Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixy: pi. 2, pp. 136, 273.
Gren. DORIPPEH, J. C.Fabricius.
Dorippe, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 361. P., Alcock, J. A. S. B., vol. lxv., p. 275.
* DoripPpE LANATA (Linn.).
Cancer lanatus, Linn., Systema Nature, ed. 12, p. 1044.
C. l., Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol.1., pt. 6, p. 189, pl. 11, fig. 67.
Dorippe lanata, Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust., p. 135, pl. 17, figs. 2, 2a.
D. 1., Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 155.
No. 251, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, is a small male specimen, with carapace 8°25 mm. long by 10 mm. broad, agreeing so well with the descriptions given by Herbst and Milne-Edwards, and with Herbst’s figure except for the difference in the pleon dependent on the dif- ference of sex, that the specific name cannot, I think, be in doubt. It was taken off the mouth of the Umhloti River, at a depth of 46 m.
1841. 1896.
1908.
1801. 1908.
TST: 1908.
Famiry RANINID A.
Raninoidea, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas quinta, p. 136.
FRaninide, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixv., pp. 136, 288.
f., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 1d.
GEN. RANINA, Lamarck.
FRanina, Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans vertébres, p. 156. F., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 16.
RaNINA SCABRA (Fabricius).
Hippa scabra, Fabricius, Mantissa Insectorum, vol. i., p. 330. R&R. s., Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 16. A specimen from the Durban Museum.
340 Annals of the South African Museum.
GEN. Novum NASINATALIS.
Carapace broader than long. Pleon of female distinctly seven- segmented, the earlier (first four) segments visible in dorsal view. First antenne small, not contiguous with the eyes. Outer Jamina of the second maxille narrowed at both ends. Exopod of the second maxillipeds very long and narrow, ending in a short genicu- late two-jointed flagellum, penultimate joint of endopod wider than either of the neighbouring joints. Third maxillipeds extending beyond the front of the carapace, the narrow apices of the fourth joint bending so as to close upon the front; this joint, which is rather longer than the third, is broad at the base and almost conceals the three little terminal joints attached some way below its apex ; the third and fourth joints and the exopod, which a little overtops the third, are smooth on the inner surface but strikingly denticulate on the ventral or outer surface. The chelipeds or first perwopods are inserted close to the third maxillipeds, but at a great distance from the remaining ambulatory pairs, which are crowded together, the fourth and fifth much shorter than the second and third, and having a tendency to assume a dorsal position. The female has pairs of slender biramous pleopods, with each ramus uniarticulate, on the second, third, fourth, and fifth segments.
It is not easy to say in what division or subdivision of the Oxystomata this genus should be placed. The species for which it is founded has some resemblance to Cyclodorippe wuncifera, Ortmann, but in Cyclodorippe the pleon has only six segments distinct. The second maxillipeds approach those of Hbalia, with which again the pleon will not agree. The third maxillipeds in their denticulation and produced fourth joint tend towards Cymonomus granulatus, Norman, but in that species the female is credited with only three pairs of pleopods.
NASINATALIS DISJUNCTIPES, N. Sp. Plate XLII.
The carapace may be described as rounded hexagonal, the hind margin broadly concave, the whole surface above and below denticulate, with the strongest teeth on the antero-lateral margins. The sternum and the back of the dilated pleon are also more or less roughened. The small eyes embedded in spicules, with faintly orange-coloured faceted cornea, are placed on two elevated tracts at some distance behind the small first antenne. These are not easily brought out of the groove in which they lie, one on either
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 341
side of a small finely pectinate plate apparently belonging to the epistome.
The broadly rounded cutting edge of the mandible has a little tooth projecting from its centre; the palp is small. Of the biseriate branchial plumes shown on the plate, the larger couple probably belonged to the third maxilliped, the smaller to the cheliped, two arthrobranchiz being the proper complement for each of these appendages in the Oxystomata (see Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. vi., p. 551, 1892).
The chelipeds are remarkable, not only for their place of insertion far in front of the other legs, but also from the wide gap which separates the long finger at its insertion from the strange, somewhat crooked, doubly dentate thumb. The finger is curved at the end, and is also furnished with teeth, which are less conspicuous than those of the shorter thumb. All the pereeopods are more or less granular and hairy, the fingers in the last four pairs being as long as the preceding joint.
In the largest specimen the carapace measured 6 mm. in length by 10 mm. in breadth; the length of the back, including the first four segments of the pleon, being 11 mm.
All three specimens were females. The specific name alludes to the wide disjunction between the first and second peropods. The readiness with which specimens disjoin their limbs is, unfortunately, a character common to many species. There were, however, six of the quaint chelipeds to be allotted to the three specimens.
For No. 240, the locality of this species was stated by Dr. Gilchrist to be ‘‘ Cape Natal N.W. 4 W. 54 miles ; 62 fathoms,” or 113 m.
The generic name, compounded of the Latin nasus, a nose or Ness, and the local designation Natal, identifies this novelty with Cape Natal, where it was discovered.
BRACHYURA ANOMALA.
1839. Dromzacea, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas quarta, p. 102.
1899. Brachyura anomala, Alcock, Deep Sea Brachyura of Investi- gator, p. 6, and Dromiacea or Brachyura primigena, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixviil., pt. 2. p. 124.
1900. Brachyura anomala (part), Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p- 22.
1902. B. a., Stebbing, ibid., pt. 2, p. 18.
1905. B. a., Stebbing, ibid., pt. 3, p. 68
1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1905.
1798. 1905.
1763. 1905.
Annals of the South African Museum.
. Dronvacea, Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xix.,
pp. 477, 479.
. D,, Calman, Crustacea, pt. 7, fase. 3, in Lankester’s Treatise
on Zoology, p. 314.
Famity DROMIIDA.
Dromiude Alcock, J. A. 8. B., vol. Ixvii., pp. 128, 135. D., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 23.
D., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., p. 37.
D., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 19.
D., Stebbing, ibid., pt. 3, p. 60
Gren. DROMIA, J. C. Fabricius.
Dromia, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 359. D., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 61.
* DRoMIA DORMIA (Linn.).
Cancer dormia, Linn., Amoen. Acad., vol. vi., p. 413. D. d., Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 61.
No. 39, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, was obtained from Buffalo Bay (in False Bay), at a depth of 55 m. Another specimen, obtained in Natal Bay, was sent from the Durban Museum.
1858. 1866. 1905. 1907.
1818.
1825.
1837. 1838. 1839.
Gren. DROMIDIA, Stimpson. Dromidia, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., p. 225 (63). Dromidea, Heller, Novara Crustacea, p. 72. Dromidia, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 62. D., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 170.
DROMIDIA HIRSUTISSIMA (Lamarck).
Dromia hirsutissima Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans vertébres, vol, v., p. 264. Inhabits the seas of the Cape of Good Hope.
D.h., Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust., p. 137, pl. 18, fig. 1.
From the Cape of Good Hope.
D. hirtissima, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 176.
D. h., M°Leay, Annulosa of S. Africa, p. 71.
D. hirsutissima, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas quarta, p- 104.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 343
1843. D. h., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 52.
1858. 1907.
1838. 1843.
1858.
1907.
INNO
Krauss only says that the species is unknown to him. Dromidia h., Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., p. 225. D.h., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 170.
Stimpson, in discussing the genus, says: ‘“ In the typical species, D. hirswtissima, the palpus of the outer maxillipeds is articulated to the meros rather at its apex than at its inner angle, as noticed by de Haan. This, however, results from the elongation of the meros-joint and the obliquity of its anterior margin. It does not seem to be a character of much importance, and s not seen in other species of the genus.”
Dromipia (?) RoTUNDA (M°Leay).
Dromia rotunda, M*Leay, Annulosa of S. Africa, p. 71. D.7., Krauss, Sitidafrik, Crust., p. 52. Krauss was unacquainted with this species. Dronudia (?) r., Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., p. 225 (63). D. (2) r., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 170. Speaking of Dromie, too vaguely described for exact classification, Stimpson says: ‘‘ We conjecture that D. globosa, gibbosa, unidentata, and rotunda will be found to belong to the present genus.’’ Alcock in 1899, and Doflein in 1904, dispense with Dromidia, as being only a synonym of Dromia. For the possible transference of D. rotunda to Hxodromidia, see Studer’s opinion noticed below.
DROMIDIA SPONGIOSA, Stimpson.
. Dromidia spongiosa, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol x.,
p. 238 (76).
. D.s., Henderson, Challenger Anomura, vol. xxvii., Rep. 69,
Oe Abe ella ls sbveee (oy Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope; 18 to 36 m. depth. D. s., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 171, pl. 20 (facing p. 172), fig. 1. ‘Dredged from a rocky bottom in 20 fathoms, in False Bay, Cape of Good Hope.”
* DRomIpDIA (?) BICORNIS, Studer.
33. Dromidia (?) bicornis, Studer, Gazelle Crustacea, Abhandl.
K. Akad., Berlin, 1882, p. 20, pl. 1, figs. 9a, 9b. South of the Cape of Good Hope, in 214 m. depth.
344
1888
1904.
1905.
1905.
1883.
1904.
1905.
Annals of the South African Museum.
D. b., Henderson, Challenger Anomura, vol. xxvii., Rep. 69, p: 13: Off the Agulhas Bank, in 274 m. depth. Dromea b., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 8, ple 6; figsaaso Off Cape Town at 106 ; In Francis Bay; at Cape of Good Hope, 318 m. Dromidia (?) b., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 63. No. 115, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Vasco de Gama Point, S. 75 E., 134 miles; depth 303 m.
Gen. EXODROMIDIA, Stebbing. Exodromidia, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 64.
* HXODROMIDIA SPINOSA (Studer).
Dromidia spinosa, Studer, Gazelle Crustacea, Abhandl. K. Akad., Berlin, 1882, p. 22, pl. 1, figs. 10a, 100.
From the Cape of Good Hope, in 216 m. depth, along with the preceding species, and carrying on its back a blue sponge. Studer says: ‘‘This species belongs to a group which includes D. unidentata, Riipp., and rotunda, Me.Leay, while a special type is formed by D. bicornis and spongiosa, Stps., the latter of which possesses no rostrum (keinen Stirn- schnabel).” But Stimpson himself says that in D. spongiosa, “the front is triangular, pointed, and very much deflexed.’’ Dromia s., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 9, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2.
Off Cape Town, at 178 m. depth, and in Francis Bay. Hxodronudia s., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 65, pl. 18.
No. 249, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Cape Point, N.E. by. K. 3 E., 8 miles; depth 166 mm.
Gen. CRYPTODROMIA, Stimpson.
. Cryptodroma, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., p. 225. . C., Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxviii., pp. 135, 140. . C., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 172.
CRYPTODROMIA (?) CAPUT-MORTUUM (Linn.).
. Cancer caput-mortuum, Linn., Systema Nature, ed. 12,
p- 1050.
5. Pagurus ¢c., Fabricius, Systema Entomologie, p. 411.
1787
1793.
1798. 1803.
1825.
11907.
1858.
1900. 1904. 1907.
1858.
1888.
1900.
1904.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 345
P.c., Fabricius, Mantissa Insectorum, vol. i., p. 328.
Cancer egagropila, Fabricius, Entomologia Systematica, vol. ii., p. 456.
Dromia @., Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 360.
D. caput-mortuum, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., vol. v., p. 384 (not 284 as given by Milne-Edwards).
D. egagropila, Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust., p. 138.
Under ‘“ Dromie téte de-mort: Dronua clypeata, Laty. ; Cancer caput-mortuwm, Linn.,’’ Desmarest states that ‘ Fab- ricius describes under the name Dromia egagropila a species from the Cape of Good Hope.” In the Ent. Syst. and its Supplement Fabricius only gives the habitat as the Southern Ocean.
Cryptodromia (?) caput-mortwum, Stimpson, Smithson. Misc. Coll xix; 173:
As in 1858, Stimpson doubtfully refers the species caput
mortuum to his genus Cryptodromia.
Gren. PSEUDODROMIA, Stimpson.
Pseudodronua, Stimpson, Pr, Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., p. 226 (64),
P., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 23.
P., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 12.
P., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 177.
* PSEUDODROMIA LATENS, Stimpson.
Pseudodromia latens, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., pp. 226 (64), 240 (78).
P.1l., Henderson, Challenger Anomura, vol. xxvii., Rep. 69, pol pl fe..8,
Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope, 18 to 22 m. depth.
P. 1., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 24.
Nos. 15, 16, 29, specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist, were from False Bay, one of the two females taken at about 18 m. depth, near Muizenberg; a male taken at 55 m. depth, embedded in a compound ascidian, probably that named in the next reference.
P.1., Doflein, Valdivia Brachyura, p. 12, pl. 8, figs. 1-6.
Francis Bay, at about 100 m. depth. The cloaking ascidian in the Valdivia expedition was determined by Michaelsen to be Synandrocarpa domuncula, Michaelsen.
24
346
1907.
1888.
1888.
1858.
1902. 1907.
1798. 1902.
1907.
1892. 1905.
1995
Annals of the South African Museum.
P.1., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 178, pl. 21, fig. 3. “It was dredged in twelve fathoms on a sandy bottom in Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope.”
GEN. EHUDROMIA, Henderson.
Eudromia, Henderson, Challenger Anomura, vol. xxvii., Rep. 69, p. 13.
E\UDROMIA FRONTALIS, Henderson.
Hudromia frontalis,- Henderson, Challenger Anomura, vol. XKViL, Rep, 695 p. 14." pl. Wats. 7. Off the Agulhas Bank, at 274 m. depth.
GEN. CONCHCICETES, Stimpson. Conchecetes, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., p. 226 (64). C., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 19. C., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix. p. 180.
* CONCHGCETES ARTIFICIOSUS (Fabricius). Dromia artificiosa, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 360. Conchecetes artificiosus, Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 19. No. 159, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Amatikulu River N.W., distant 74 miles (coast of Zululand), 43 m. depth. C. a., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 180, pl. 21 (facing p. 178), fig. 5.
Famity DYNOMENIDAS.
Dynomenide, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. vi., p. 541. D., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 58.
Gren. DYNOMENH, Desmarest.
. Dynoméne, Latreille. A French form without Latin equivalent
in Familles Naturelles du Régne Animal, p. 273.
. Dynomene, Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust. p. 442.
The Latin form in index reference to Dynoméne, mentioned on p. 133 footnote. D., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, p. 58.
1905.
1888.
1902.
1815. 1902. 1793.
1815. 1902.
1899.
1902.
1828.
1902.
1828. 1902.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 347
* DYNOMENE PLATYARTHRODES, Stebbing.
Dynomene platyarthrodes, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, Doo, ple liye No. 212, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Cape Point, N.E. by E., 36 miles; depth between 1,190 and 1,280 m.
Famity HOMOLIDA.
Homolide, Henderson, Challenger Anomura, vol. xxvii., Rep. OOS pews: H., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 20.
Gren. HOMOLA, Leach.
Homola, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soe., vol. xi., p. 324, and Zoological Miscellany, vol. ii., p. 81. H., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 21.
*“ HoMoLA BARBATA (Fabricius). Cancer barbatus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., vol. ii., p. 460. Homola spinifrons, Leach, Zool. Mise., vol. ii., p. 82, pl. 88. Hf. barbata, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 22. No. 46, specimen sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from False Bay, 23 miles W.S.W. from Cape Point Lighthouse; depth 58 m.
Famity LATREILLIIDA,
Latreillide, Aleock, Journ. Asiat. Soe.\Bengal, vol. Ixviii., pt. 2, pp. 130, 165. Latreilide, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea,ipt. 2, p. 23.
Gen. LATREILLIA, Roux.
Latreillia, Roux, Crustacés de la Méditerranée, livraison v., pl. 22. L., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 23,
* DLATREILLIA ELEGANS, Roux.
Latretllia elegans, Roux, Crust. Médit., pl. 22. L, e., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 24.
No. 150, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Natal, two miles N. by W. of Umbwalumi River; depth 46 m,
348
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1825.
1843.
Annals of the South African Museum.
MEGALOPIDEA.
Larval decapods not yet affiliated to adult specimens of the genera and species which they represent.
Gren. MARESTIA, Dana.
Marestia, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 487.
In separating this genus for part of Monolepis, Say, Dana defines it as follows: Carapace tricuspid in front, but the rostrum strongly deflexed and the front seen from above not acute in the middle. The four pairs of ambulatory feet not armed below at the base; the last pair often resting above the carapace, the depression for receiving them sparingly concave; the fingers stiliform, compressed, armed below [on the inner margin] with spines [teeth], the finger of the last pair apically furnished with long setea. Dana was quite aware that he was dealing with immature forms. Marestia has apparently not yet been affiliated to its true parents.
* MARESTIA PHDERUS (Herbst). Cancer pederus, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. ii., pt. 1, p. ol; pl 47, fies; figs A.
Herbst speaks of the ambulatory feet as having flat, thin, very smooth joints, without mentioning the teeth on the finger- margins, which distinguish this genus from Monolepis, but the teeth seem to be indicated in his figure. He also speaks of the telson as having no side-fins; but this is probably an error of observation, the single plates of the uropods easily escaping notice.
Megalopa mutica (?), Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust., p. 201, pl a4; figs Aya. 0. tc: Megalops m., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 54. Occurs in Table Bay, pretty frequently. M.m., de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, p. 166.
Specimens from the Cape of Good Hope seem to agree
completely with the French specimens.
. Marestia elegans Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 488,
pl. 31, fig. 2a-1. “Off Cape of Good Hope, abundant.” No, 118, two similar specimens, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, were taken at a depth of 55 m., Vondeling Island, N. + W. 34 miles. The one examined had a carapace a little over 6 mm. long by
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 349
5 mm. broad at the broadest part. The general appearance strikingly recalled Herbst’s figure. The details, apart from colour, agree with Dana’s description and figures. These include the strongly tricuspid front, the second antenne, with stiffly outstanding setee at apex of fourth joint from the end, with three short joints following, the finger of the second pereeopod with seven teeth, of which the fifth is the longest, the finger of the last pereeopod with six teeth and long apical sete.
MACRURA. MACRURA ANOMALA.
1849. Anomala, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas sexta, p. 199.
1893. Macrura anomala, Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 147.
1902-5-8. M, a., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 27; pt. 3, p. 68 ; pt, 4, p. 18.
Trinze PAGURIDEA.
Faminy LITHODIDA.
1853. Lithodide, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 1430. 1900. L., Stebbing, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 530. 1905. L., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 68.
Gen. NEOLITHODHS, A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier.
1894. Neolithodes, A. M.-Edw. and Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, Vol: xix, p. L20; 1905. N., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 69.
*NEOLITHODES CAPENSIS, Stebbing.
1905. Neolithodes capensis, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 70, jolly 1S) PAO)
No. 171, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, was taken off Cape Point,
N. 70° E., 40 miles; depth about 1,460 m. No. 174, also
sent by Dr. Gilchrist, is probably the young of this species.
It was taken off Cape Point, E. ? N., 38 miles; depth 1,150 m.
300
1852. 1900.
1905.
1775. 1852. 1875. 1900. 1900. LOM. 1903. 1905.
1908.
1796.
1900. 1905.
LOO
1908.
1804.
1811. 1905.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Faminry PAGURIDA.
Paguride, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 435. P., Stebbing, Proce. Zool. Soc. London, p. 534. P., Alcock, Catalogue of the Indian Decapod Crustacea in the Indian Museum, pt. 2, fase. 1, p. 23. It should be noted that Alecock’s work is a storehouse of informationon the whole subject.
Gren. PAGURUS, Fabricius, sensw restricto. Pagurus (part), Fabricius, Systema Entomologia, p. 410. P., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 449. Dardanus, Paulson, Red Sea Crustacea, p. 90. Petrochirus, Rathbun, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxii., p. 302. Pagurus, Stebbing, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 535. Pagurias, Benedict. Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1900, p. 141. Dardanus, Rathbun, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxvi., p. 33. Pagurus, Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1. pp. 78, 168. P., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 21.
* PaGuRUS ARROSOR (Herbst).
Cancer arrosor (Herbst), Krabben und Krebse, vol. ii., pt. 6, p. 170; pl..43, fig. 1.
Petrochirus a., Rathbun, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxii, p. 302.
Pagurus a., Aleock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1, pp. 79, 168.
Dardanus a., Rathbun, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 206, footnote correction to Stimpson’s ‘“ Pagurus striatus Latreille.”
Pagurus a., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 22.
No. 239, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, was taken off Great Fish
Point Lighthouse, N. + W., 24 miles; depth 55 m.
PaGuRus MEGISTOS (Herbst). Cancer megistos, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. iii., pt. 4, p. 23, pl. 61, fig. 1. Pagurus m., Olivier, Encyel. Méth., vol. viil., p. 639. P. punctulatus, Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase, 1, pp. 80; 81, 168.
1907.
1908.
1858. 1905. ILS 1811.
1858. 1888.
1897.
1905.
1852. 1905.
1836. 1837. 1843.
1905.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 301
Dardanus megistos, Rathbun, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 205, footnote correction to Stimpson’s ‘ Pagurus punctulatus Olivier.”
Pagurus megistos, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 21.
Durban Museum.
Gren. PETROCHIRUS, Stimpson.
Petrochirus, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., p. 233 (71). P., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1, p. 170.
PETROCHIRUS BAHAMENSIS (Herbst).
Cancer bahamensis, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. ii., pt. 1, p- 30.
Pagurus granulatus, Olivier, Encycl. Méth., vol. viii., p. 640.
Petrochirus g., Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., p. 333 (71).
Pagurus g., Henderson, Challenger Anomura, vol. xxvii., Rep. 69, p. 56.
From Simon’s Bay; between 18 and 36 m. depth. Hen- derson had a specimen 190 mm. long. He remarks that its occurrence at the Cape greatly increases its range of distribution.
Petrochirus bahamensis, Rathbun, Annals of the Institute of Jamaica, vol. i., p. 52.
P. granulatus, Aleock, Catal. Indian. Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1 L710!
Gren. PAGURISTES, Dana.
Paguristes, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., pp. 435, 436. P., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1, pp. 30, 154. Alcock supplies numerous intermediate references.
PAGURISTES GAMIANUS (Milne-Edwards).
Pagurus ganuanus, M.-Edw., Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 2 vol. vi., p. 283. P. g., M.-Edw., Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 235. ‘“‘Found at the Cape of Good Hope by M. Reynaud.” P. g., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 57. Krauss supplies no independent information. Paguristes g., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1 Delo.
~
352
1852. 1893.
1905.
179,
1837. 1843.
1852. 1905.
1908.
1843.
1852.
1905
Annals of the South African Museum.
Gen. CLIBANARIUS, Dana.
Clibanarius, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. vol. xiii., pp. 435, 461.
C., A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél. Harvard, vol. xiv., No. 3, p. 156.
C., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1, pp. 40, 158.
CLIBANARIUS VULGARIS, Dana.
Cancer clibanarius, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. ii., pt. 1, p. 20, pl. 23, fig. 1.
Pagurus c., Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 227.
P.c., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 56.
Krauss says: ‘‘ This species is the largest among the hermit crabs occurring in South Africa, and is found in Natal Bay on the muddy banks overgrown with Zostera marina L. It inhabits especially the shells of Tritonium succinctum Lam., Ranella granifera Lam., and Buccinum luteostoma CHEMN. Colour greenish brown with bright brown hairs and with bright blue longitudinal stripes on the feet. I have never found examples over 3 inches long.”
Clibanarius vulgaris, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 462. C. clibanarius, Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1, p. 43, pl. 4, fig< A. C. vulgaris, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 21. Specimen from the Durban Museum.
CLIBANARIUS VIRESCENS (Krauss). Pagurus virescens, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 56, pl. 4, fig. 3.
‘This species is very common on the rocky coast of Natal, where it inhabits all the shells that offer from the size of Ranella granifera Lam. to a Cerithium scarcely 4 lines long. The largest examples have a length of one inch from the frontal margin to the apex of the pleon.”
Clubanarius v.(?), Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 466, pl. 29, figs. 6a, 60.
Dana’s figures are not easy to reconcile with those of Krauss, and Dana’s statement that in Krauss’s figure ‘‘ the carpus is not more than half as long as broad” is untenable.
C. v., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1, p. 159.
1852. 1905.
1836.
1843.
1852.
1905.
1839.
1843.
1852.
1887. 1905.
IS OVE
1852. 1893.
1905.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 353
Gen. CALCINUS, Dana.
Calcinus, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., pp. 4385, 456. C., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1, pp. 51, 163.
CALCINUS ELEGANS (Milne-Edwards).
Pagurus elegans, M.-Edw., Ann. Sci., Nat., Ser. 2, Vole vies ps 278, pl is; fig. 2: P. e., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 57.
‘An extremely delicate species, of which I only found a single specimen in Nerita plicata Lam. on the coast of Natal.” “The whole length amounts to about 1 inch.”
Calcinus e., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 458, pl. 28, fig. 10 a, 8, ¢.
C. e., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1, p. 55, pl. 5, fig. 2.
CALCINUS LH VIMANUS (Randall).
Pagurus levimanus, Randall, J. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. viii., p- 135. P. tibicen, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 57.
“This species lives on the rocky coast of Natal, is rather rare, and inhabits especially the smaller shells of Ranella granifera Lam.”
Calcinus tibicen, Dana [not C. tibicen (Herbst)], U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xili., p. 457.
C. herbstii, de Man, Arch. Naturg., vol. lili., p 437.
C. h., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1
p. 53, pl. 5, fig. 4.
C. levimanus, Rathbun, Smithson. Misc. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 208, footnote correction of Stimpson’s “ Calcinus tubicen (Herbst) Dana.”’
Gren. DIOGENES, Dana.
Diogenes, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., pp. 435, 438.
D., Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., London, vol. v., pt. 10, p- 411.
D., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1, p. 59, 164.
1787.
ilyASHle
1843.
1858.
1888.
1905.
Annals of the South African Museum.
DIOGENES MILES (Fabricius).
Pagurus niles, Fabricius, Mantissa Insectorum, vol. i., p. 327.
Cancer m., Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. ii., pt. 1, p. 19, pl. 22, fig. 7.
Pagurus m., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 58.
“This species is very common on the sandbanks of Natal Bay, and occurs in all sizes in the shells found there, especially in Natica mamilla L., Buccinum arcularia L., Murex, Pyrula, Trochus and Nassa. The colour is dusky yellowish with brownish longitudinal stripes on the two front feet. My largest specimens are not over two inches long.”
Diogenes m. (Krauss).
This species is involved in obscurity at present. Krauss, while adopting the specific name miles, gives a reference, not to Herbst’s Cancer nviles, but to his Cancer Diogenes. Hender- son, in 1893, Tr. Linn. Soc., vol. v., p. 413, under the species ‘* Diogenes Diogenes (Herbst) ’”’ remarks that: ‘‘ Krauss records the species from Natal, and Richter records it from Mada- gascar, but their specimens were perhaps referable to some other Diogenes.” He adds in a footnote that: ‘In the British Museum collection there are examples of a large and per- fectly distinct species from Natal.” Under ‘“ Diogenes mules (Herbst) ’’ Henderson says: ‘‘ This species lives invariably in shells with a narrow aperture, and its marked peculiarities of form are due to this fact; at Madras it is nearly always found in Oliva shells.’”’ He does not state the size, but gives 60 mm. as the total length of the body in a full-grown adult of Diogenes diogenes (Herbst).
DIOGENES BREVIROSTRIS, Stimpson.
Diogenes brevirostris, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad. vol. x., pp. 233 (71), 245 (83).
Simon’s Bay, 21 m.
D. b., Henderson, Challenger Anomura, Reports, vol. xxvii., p. 53, pl. 6, fig. 3.
Simon’s Bay, 18-36 m.
Henderson says: ‘This species may eventually prove to be synonymous with Diogenes varians (Costa), as the latter appears to be subject to considerable variation.”
D. b., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fasc. 1, p. 166.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 309
1907. D. b., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 201, pl. 19 (facing p. 166), fig. 2.
“Dredged in twelve fathoms on a sandy bottom in Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope.”’
* DIOGENES CosTatus, Henderson.
1893. Diogenes costatus, Henderson, Tr. Linn. Soc. London, Ser. 2, vol. v., pi: 10; p. 418; pl? 39, fies. 7, 8: 1908. D. c., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 24. No. 239, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Great Fish Point Lighthouse, N. 4 W., 24 miles, depth 55 m.
* DIOGENES EXTRICATUS, n.n.
1791. Cancer diogenes, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. ii., pt. 1, p. 17, pl. 22, fig. 5.
Henderson, Tr. Linn. Soe., vol. v., p. 411, considers that prob- ably several species are included under the name Cancer diogenes, Linn., 1767, and that the species named Pagurus diogenes by Fabricius in 1775 and 1787 was “unrecognisable, perhaps a Pagurus.’ Since, then, Herbst’s species is not necessarily identical with any one of those covered by the Linnean name, and may be generically distinct from that named by Linnzus, the safest plan is to consider Herbst’s use of the name as void by preoccupa- tion. Henderson, however, names a species Diogenes diogenes (Herbst), which he identifies with Pagurus miles, Fabricius, 1798, Milne-Edwards, 1837, and Diogenes miles, Dana, 1852. But be- tween Dana’s species and Herbst’s there is a notable difference. In Dana’s, as Henderson well expresses it, ‘The ophthalmic process is narrow and elongate, exceeding the ophthalmic scales by almost half its length, and the distal half is armed with well-developed lateral spinules.”” In Herbst’s figure the process only reaches the top of the scales, and is spoken of as little, without any allusion to denticulation. In this, as generally in other respects, our specimen agrees with MHerbst’s figure and description. The ophthalmic scales are fringed with a dozen graduated teeth. The smaller cheliped of the right side is conspicuously beset with the long yellow hairs which Herbst mentions. The carapace measures 20 mm. in the central line of its length. The pleon is missing. No. 236, a male, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, was obtained off Seal Island, W.S.W. (Mossel Bay). The specific name refers to the disen- tanglement of the synonymy and the rescue of the species from a tautologous designation.
306
1851.
1888. 1905.
1888.
TOTO:
1879.
1900. 1905.
1883.
1888.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Gen. EUPAGURUS, Brandt.
Hupagurus, Brandt, Middendortf’s Sibirische Reise, Zool. pt. 1, p- 105.
H., Henderson, Challenger Anomura, Reports, vol. xxvii., p. 62.
E., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., part 2, fase. 1, pp. 122, 174.
* EUPAGURUS TRISTANENSIS, Henderson.
Hupagurus tristanensis, Henderson, Challenger Anomura, Reports, vol. xxvii., p. 66, pl. 7, figs. 5, 5a. E.t., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 235, a specimen, taken by Dr. Gilchrist, Scottsburgh Lighthouse, N.W. by N., 8 miles, depth 168 m., agrees well with Henderson’s description of his species, which was taken off Nightingale Island, Tristan da Cunhal from a depth of 201 m. The present specimen is imperfect, wanting the right cheliped; the left cheliped agrees with Henderson’s description, but certainly falls short of the 9 mm. which he gives as its length, though the body of the animal is fully 10 mm. long, as was the case with the ‘‘ Challenger ’’ specimen. In both instances the shell occupied was the ‘“ Challenger ”’ species Murex (Pseudomurex) aédonius, Watson.
Gren. PARAPAGURUS, S. I. Smith.
Parapagurus, Smith, Trans. Connecticut Academy, vol. v., pt. 1, p. 50.
P,, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 27.
P., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1, pp. 98, alg (a le
* PARAPAGURUS DIMORPHUS (Studer).
HLupagurus dimorphus, Studer, Abhandl. k. Ak. Wiss., Berlin, 1882, p. 24, pl. 2, figs. 11, 12.
“Tn shells of Buccinum porcatum Gm., completely covered by colonies of Epizoanthus cancrisocius v. Mart.,’’ South of Cape of Good Hope, lat. 34° 13’ 6” S., long. 15° 0’ 7” W., from 220 m. depth.
Parapagurus d., Henderson, Challenger Anomura, Reports, vol. xxvii., p. 86, pl. 10, fig. 1. Off the Agulhas Bank; depth 274 m.; inhabiting shells which have become almost completely absorbed by an in- vesting Hpizoanthus.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 307
1900. P. d., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt.1, p. 28. No. 414, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from lat. 34° 3’ 15” S., long. 1s sy ta a 1905. P.d., Aleock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1, p. 172.
* PARAPAGURUS BOUVIERI, 0. sp. Plate XLII.
The present species is distinguished from P. dimorphus by the very different chelipeds of both male and female. From P. pilost- manus, S. I. Smith, with which A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier unite Henderson’s P. abyssorwm, it is distinguished by the eyes, which have both the base of the eye-stalk and the cornea dilated. In the latter respect it agrees with P. affinis, Henderson, but there the base of the eye-stalk is not dilated, and the ophthalmic scale terminates in from four to six denticles, instead of a simple subacute apex, as in the other two species. The base of the eye-stalk, but not the cornea, is somewhat dilated in the species or variety P. abyssorum. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier speak of the first antenne in P. pilosi- manus as having a four-jointed peduncle, but I think they have been led by the two or three projecting points of the basal joint into fancying a division where there was only an integumentary fold. In the present species the eye does not quite reach the base of the long third joint, which carries a finely tapering, setose flagellum of about 24 articulations, with a slender secondary of eight or nine. The setose acicle of the second antennz does not reach beyond the peduncle, with the spinules of its inner margin only visible at a particular angle ; the flagellum is very long and slender.
The third maxillipeds have the third joint longer than the fourth, its straight inner margin bordered with 14 spines.
The chelipeds do not show any great divergence from those described for the evidently somewhat variable P. pilosimanus. The fifth and sixth joints are covered with a velvety pubescence, leaving more or less bare the short thumb, to which the finger follows suit, neither showing a corneous tip. The second and third persopods are also in close agreement with those of the primary species, both elongate, but the second notably shorter than the third. It seems to me that in this species, contrary to what is said to be the custom in the genus, the genital opening is discernible in the basal joint of the third perzeopods on the right side as well as on the left. The short fourth pereopods have the padded border closely set with plumose setz, but so feebly produced as to give but little holdfast to
358 Annals of the South African Museum.
the excavate setulose inner border of the small obtuse finger. Still less apparently can there be any grasping power between the blunt apex of the sixth joint and the stumpy pyramidal finger in the fifth pereeopods.
The first and second pairs of pleopods in the male are sym- metrical, the second much wider apart than the first, and both differing from those figured for P. pilosimanus in being apically broader. The distal part of the second pair is beset with more or less curving spines.
The left uropod is very much larger than the right. The telson is nearly symmetrical, its arcuate distal margin having four widely spaced spines on the left, and five nearer together on the left. The pleon is unusually small in comparison with the fore part of the animal. The female specimen, considerably smaller than the male has its pleon encased in an H'pizoanthus colony.
Both specimens have bladder-like organisms attached to the bases of some of their appendages. These additions to the animal’s economy seem to be unusual.
The specimens, No. 153, were obtained by Dr. Gilchrist, Buffalo River, N.W. 4 W. 19 miles, from 549 m. depth.
The specific name is given out of respect to Prof. E. L. Bouvier, F.M.L.S.
Gren. ANAPAGURUS, Henderson.
1886. Anapagurus, Henderson, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., Glasgow, p- 27.
1905. A., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1, pp. 121, 186.
ANAPAGURUS PUSILLUS, Henderson.
1888. Anapagurus pusillus, Henderson, Challenger Anomura, Reports, vol. xxvil., p. 73, pl. 7, figs 7. ‘“Simon’s Bay, 18 fathoms [383 m.]. A male specimen, in a shell of Trochus benzi, Krauss. It is with some hesitation that this is referred to the present species, and subsequent investigation may show it to be distinct. The chelipedes and ambulatory limbs are more hairy, and the dactyli of the latter are ciliated and slightly longer on the right side; the hand of the right chelipede is more strongly granulated, and a distinct finely tubercular line is present near the outer border. In other respects it agrees with Anapagurus pusillus.”
1S9E:
1905.
1883.
1893.
1888.
1905.
1829.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 309
Gen. PYLOPAGURUS, A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier.
Pylopagurus, A. M.-Edw. and Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Philom., Paris, Ser. 8, vol. iii., p. 108. P., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1, p. 189.
PYLOPAGURUS UNGULATUS (Studer).
EHupagurus ungulatus, Studer, Abhandl. k. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1882, p. 26, pl. 2, figs. 13, a, B, ¢.
““One specimen was found at the entrance to Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, in 50 fathoms [94 m.] depth. The animal occupies the shell of a Fusus; this is so completely invested by a red EHschara, that about the mouth of the molluse only a little oval opening is left, which can be completely closed by the seal-like hand of the crustacean’s right cheliped.”
Pylopagurus u., A. M.-Edw. and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard, vol. xiv., No. 3, p. 80, pl. 6, figs. 15-18.
The authors, however, point out several features in which their species from the Yucatan Bank differs from Studer’s South African specimen.
Faminy CH NOBITIDA.
Cenobitide, Henderson, Challenger Anomura, Reports, vol. KX Vey a +o. Dana, Stimpson, and Haswell use the form Cenobitide, which, as will be presently explained, is incorrect. C., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1, pp. 138, 192.
Gren. CGHNOBITA, Latreille.
Cenobita, Latreille, Régne Animal, vol. iv., p. 77.
Already in 1825 Latreille, Familles naturelles du Régne Animal, p. 276, defined this genus, and on p. 277 gave its name in French as Cénobite, but he did not supply the scientific version of that name, Cenobita, till 1829. Subse- quently Milne-Edwards, Dana, and others used the form Cenobita, which is a mongrel between Latreille’s French and Latin denominations.
360
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1888. 1905.
1830. 1891. 1906.
1910.
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1888.
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Annals of the South African Museum.
Ca@NoBiTa RUGOSUS (Milne-Edwards).
Cenobita rugosa, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii, p. 241. C. r., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 58.
Krauss says: ‘I only found a single specimen on the rocky coast of Natal in a shell of Tritoniwm dolarium, Lamr. Its whole length amounts to about 2 inches.”
Cenolita r., Henderson, Challenger Anomura, vol. xxvii., p. 51. C. rugosus, Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1, pp. 143, 192, pl. 14, figs. 3, 3a.
In 1902 de Man, Abhandl. Senckenberg. Gesellschaft, vo . xxv., pt. 3, p. 742, pl. 24, fig. 45, adopts the name “ Canobita compressus, Guérin,’ on Bouvier’s authority. But Milne- Edwards, loc. cit., gives C. compressa after C. rugosa, only as a manuscript name assigned by Guérin, which would therefore be without authority.
Gren. GLAUCOTHOH, Milne-Edwards. Glaucothoe, Milne-Kdwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. xix., p. 334. G., Bouvier, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 7, vol. xii., p. 65. G., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, Anomura, fase. 1,
p. 22. This is now generally accepted as a genus embracing larval
forms of various Pagurids.
** GLAUCOTHOE, sp. Glaucothoe, sp., S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5. No. 103, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Lion’s Head, S. 72 K. 47 miles. Depth 174 m.
Tre GALATHEIDEHA.
Galatheidea, Henderson, Challenger Anomura, Reports, vol. XXvil., p. 103. G., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Macrura and Anomala, p. 235.
Famiry PORCELLANIDAS.
Porcellamde, Henderson, Challenger Anomura, Reports, vol. XXVil, p. 104. . P., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 27.
1801
1902.
1843.
1858
1888.
1902.
1907
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 361
GEN. PORCELLANA, Lamarck. Porcellana, Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans Vertébres, p. 153. P., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 28.
* PORCELLANA DEHAANII, Krauss.
Porcellana dehaani, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 59, pl. 4, fig. 2.
‘Very frequent in the sinuosities of Eschara foliacea L., on the terraces of the Natal coast.”’
P. dehaant, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci Philad., vol. x., pp. 229, 243 (67, 81), and P. s reptocheles, Stimpson, ibid. Simon’s Bay, 11-22 m. P. s., Henderson, Challenger Anomura, Reports, vol. xxvii., p. 110. Simon’s Bay, 9-33 m. P. dehaanu, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 28.
No. 8, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from False Bay.
P. streptocheles, Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., pe Lot plea ees 1.
Stimpson says: ‘‘This species is common in from six to twelve fathoms on sandy bottoms in Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope. It differs from P. dehaani, Krauss, also from the Cape, in its naked carapace, broader front, with a less prominent median tooth, and non-denticulated superantennary margin.” It is not clear whether Stimpson means that he had himself found P. dehaaniw at the Cape, or whether he is only referring to Krauss’s Natal coast specimens. The recently published figure of Stimpson’s species certainly differs in appearance from Krauss’s figure, but specimens, taken at low tide in False Bay by C. F. Beyers, show varia- tion in the central rostral tooth, and in the prominenee or evanescence of the two or three teeth on the inner margin of the wrist of the chelipeds, making it very doubtful whether Stimpson’s species can be distinguished from that of Krauss. There is no doubt that the specimens from False Bay are the species described and figured by Stimpson,
Gren. PACHYCHELES, Stimpson.
1858. Pachycheles, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., p. 228 (66). 1888. P., Henderson, Challenger Anomura, Reports, vol. xxvii.,
p. 113.
1897. P., Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., p. 290
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1853. 1901.
1902. 1902.
1793. 1888.
1902.
1858.
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PACHYCHELES NATALENSIS (Krauss).
Porcellana natalensis, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 58, pl. 4, hes le “Very frequent in the sinuosities of Eschara foliacea L. on the Madrepore banks of the Natal coast.”
. Pachycheles 7., Stimpson, Pig sec. SSciss Eiladienvolenexs
p. 228 (66).
. Pisosoma n., Paulson, Red Sea Crustacea, p. 88, pl. 11,
fig. 5,
. Pachycheles sculptus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., pp. 291,
294.
. P. natalensis, de Man, Abhandi. Senckenberg. Gesellschaft,
Vol: Sxven pte dps nO,
Ortmann and de Man are not agreed on the identification of this species. Dana in 1852, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 415, suggested that it might be the species which Guérin in 1838 (and earlier in 1835, see Ortmann) named Porcellana grossimana. But Ortmann in 1892, 1894, and 1897 identifies it with Porceilana sculpta, Milne-Edwards, 1837. In 1902 de Man remains unconvinced by Ortmann, and for the time continues to regard natalensis as distinct from sculptus.
Famiry GALATHEIDA.
Galatheide, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 1481.
G., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Macrura and Anomala, p. 236.
G., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 29.
G., Benedict, Pr. U.S: Nat, Mus., vol. xxvi., p. 243.
Gen. GALATHEA, Fabricius. Galathea, Fabricius, Entomologia Systematica, vol. ii., p. 472. G., Henderson, Challenger Anomura, Reports, vol. xxvii., pm LT. G., Benedict, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxvi., pp. 246, 300.
GALATHEA LABIDOLEPTA, Stimpson. Galathea labidolepta, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. x., December, pp. 238, 251 (76, 89). At Cape of Good Hope.
1888.
LOT.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 363
G. l. ? Henderson, Challenger Anomura, Reports, vol. xxvii., p- 120; pl. 12, figs. 6, 6a:
After describing Galathea dispersa, Bate, 1859, from British specimens, and stating that he cannot find any points of difference in the Challenger examples, Henderson continues: “Two species of Galathea were taken in Simon’s Bay, South Africa, at a depth of 5 to 18 fathoms, from which locality the type of Galathea labidolepta, Stimpson, was procured. The first of these, represented by a single male specimen (figured twice the natural size on pl. xu.), which I refer with considerable hesitation to Stimpson’s species, is either very closely allied to or identical with Galathea dispersa. The second species, represented by three imperfect specimens, is of much smaller size, the body of a male measuring 17-5 mm. in length, while a female with ova measures only 11 mm. In these the merus of the external maxillipedes is considerably longer and narrower than the ischium (a character in which it agrees with the common European Galathea squamifera, Leach), the inner margin bears two acute spinules near its distal end, and a few minute spinules are present on the outer margin. The chelipedes in the single specimen in which they are still present (a female) are very slender, and the fingers exceed the palm in length. It is impossible to say which of these species, or indeed whether either of them, is referable to Galathea labidolepta. The original description of the latter is very incomplete and the size 1s not recorded; the brief diagnosis would indeed apply to either of the Challenger species in most respects, but as regards the external maxillipedes, in the form of which they ditfer to a marked extent, Stimpson has furnished no account.” G. l., Stimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. xlix., p. 231.
In this posthumous account Stimpson still gives no descrip- tion of the third maxillipeds, but says: ‘‘The dimensions of a male specimen are: Length of the carapax, 0°32; breadth, 0-21; length of rostrum, O11; of chelipeds, 0°58 inch. Females are generally larger, the carapax in one being 0-4 inch in length.’”’ Bonnier’s largest specimen of Galathea dispersa measured at full stretch from front to apex 39 mm., of which the carapace took 20 mm., four-fifths of an inch as compared with only two-fifths in Stimpson’s species, which was “dredged from a sandy bottom in twelve fathoms in Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope.”
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1888.
1888.
1820. 1902. 1902.
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GALATHEA DISPERSA, Bate.
Galathea dispersa, Bate, Journ. of Proc. Linn. Soc., London, vol. iii. (1859), No. 9, Aug. 20, 1858, p. 3.
G. d., Henderson, Challenger Anomura, Reports, vol. XXVIi., p. 119, pl. 12, figs. 6, 6a.
Simon’s Bay. As Bate’s name was published in August, 1858, and Stimpson’s not till December of the same year, should the two species prove to be identical, Bate’s dispersa will have the claim of priority. But from the disparity in the sizes mentioned above, it is probable that they are distinct.
G. d., Bonnier, Bull. Sci. France-Belgique, ser. 3, vol. hy Nos. 4-8, p. 68, pl. 18, figs. 1-3.
Gen. MUNIDA, Leach.
Munida, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xvili., p. 52. M., Benedict, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. xxvi., pp. 251, 308. M., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 29.
** MUNIDA SANCTI-PAULI, Henderson.
Munida sancti-pauli, Henderson, Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. xvi., p. 411.
M. s., Henderson, Challenger Anomura, Reports, vol. xxvii., pe l40s ples anes 10;
M. s., Benedict, Pr. U.S. Mus. vol. xxvi., pp. 251, 312.
M. s., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 30.
No. 144, specimen sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Buffalo River north 10 miles; depth 567 m. There is some doubt whether this species should not be united with M. militares, Henderson, which has page-precedence. But Benedict, in his review of the genus, keeps them separate.
Gen. GALACANTHA, A. Milne-Edwards. Galacantha, A. Milne-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard, vol. vili., p. 92. G., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 19.
* GALACANTHA rosTRATA, A. Milme-Edwards. Galacantha rostrata, A. Milne-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. viii., p. 52.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 365
1908. G. r., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 20. No. 176, specimen sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Cape Point, NE. by E. + E., 46 miles; depth about 1,646 m.
Famiry UROPTYCHIDA.
1901. Uroptychide, Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Macrura and Anomala, p. 278. 1902. U., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 31.
GEN. UROPTYCHUS, Henderson.
1888. Uroptychus, Henderson, Challenger Anomura, Reports, Vol xxvil., p. 73:
1902. U., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 32.
1902. U., Benedict, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. xxvi., pp. 292, 330.
* Uroptycuus nitipus (A. Milne-Edwards).
1880. Diptychus mitidus, A. M.-Edw., Buli. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol, vili., p. 62. 1902. U. 7., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 32. No. 146, specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Cape Natal N. by E. (approx.) 24 miles; depth 804 m.
Tree AIePIDEA.
1849. Hippidea, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas septima, p. 200, and Preefatio, p. xxi.
1852. H., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 404.
1907. H., Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. xix., p. 475.
Famity HIPPIDA.
1858. Hippide, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci., Philad., vol. x., p. 229 (67). 1886. H., Henderson, Challenger Anomura, Reports, vol. xxvii., p. 37. 1900. H. Rathbun, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. xxii., p. 300.
Miss Rathbun here explains that Fabricius in 1787 estab- lished the genus with five species, but of these in 1798 he left in it only the species Hippa adactyla. Later Latreille made this species the type of his genus Remipes, under the name L. testudimarius, with the result that Renuwpes must be regarded as a synonym of Hippa. Fabricius, however, in 1798 added Cancer emeritus, Linn., to keep company with
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1837.
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his Hippa adactyla. But, as they are now considered generically distinct, the species emeritus has to find a new generic name. This appears to be supplied by an entry in Sherborn’s Index Animalium, p. 327, 1902.
Gen. EMERITA, Meuschen.
Emerita, Meuschen, Mus. Gronovianum, p. 87 (Sherborn). This name was accepted by Benedict, Bull. U.S. Fish.
Comm. for 1900, vol. ii., p. 188, but attributed to Gronovius,
and with this attribution Miss Rathbun appears to agree, only
correcting the Gronovian date from 1763 to 1764 (Proc. Biol.
Soc., Washington, vol. xvii., p. 171, 1904). I am not in accord
with these esteemed carcinologists in regarding Gronoyius as
any authority for Linnean nomenclature, but the intervention of Meuschen allows me to follow them in using the name
Emerita.
EMERITA EMERITUS (Linn.).
Cancer emeritus, Linn., Systema Nature, ed. 12, p. 1055.
Astacus emeritus, Fabricius, Systema Entomologie, p. 416.
Emerita e., Meuschen, Mus. Gronoy., p. 87.
Cancer e., Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. ii., pt. 1, p. 8, pl. 22, fig. 3 (not 4 as stated in text).
Hippa e., Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 370.
Hippa emerita, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p- 209, the footnote including a reference to the undated Regne Animal, éd. 3, Crust., pl. 42, fig. 2, ai. The footnote wrongly attributes Hippa emerita to Fabricius, instead of Hippa emeritus.
Hf, e., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol: xii, ~p. 409) pli 25, fig. 9 a-c.
Emerita emeritus, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
A specimen sent by Mr. Quekett, from the Durban Museum, has a carapace measuring 30 mm. in length from the central tooth of the tridentate front to the hind margin.
MACRURA GENUINA.
Macrura, Aleock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Decap. Macrura and Anomala, p. 8.
In Borradaile’s classification, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xix., p. 457, 1907, which Calman accepts in the Crustacea of Lankester’s
rc
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 36%
Treatise on Zoology, pt. 7, fase. 3, 1909, the Anomura include the tribe Thalassinidea in addition to the Galatheidea, Paguridea, and Hippidea here assigned to the Macrura anomala. However sound the arguments may be for this combination, the term Anomura, implying unsymmetrical tails, is scarcely admissible for a group in which three tribes out of four have the pleon symmetrical.
1903. 1907.
1888.
HOO 1903. 1906.
1893. 1895. LOO1. 1902.
1903.
1901.
Trine THALASSINIDEA.
3. Thalassinidea, Stebbing, History of Crustacea, Internat. Sci.
Der avols lovey jo. SO: T., Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xii., p. 534. T.,-Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xix., p. 475.
Faminy AXIIDAL.
Axide, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., p. 36. Bate places the genus Calocaris in his family Thaumasto- chelide. A., Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, p. 186. A., Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xii., p. 536. A., Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1903, pt. 3, p. 893.
Gren. CALASTACUS, Faxon.
Calastacus, Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., Harvard, vol. xxiv., p. 194.
C., Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. xviii., p. 106.
C., Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, p. 191.
C., Rathbun, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. xxiv., p. 887, and (undated) Harriman Exp., vol. x., p. 150.
C., Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xii., p. 539.
Borradaile and others regard Calastacus as a subgenus of Calocaris, Bell, 1858.
* CALASTACUS LONGISPINIS, McArdle.
Calastacus longispinis, McArdle, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. viil., p. 522.
McArdle’s specimen was dredged in the Arabian Sea from a
depth of 300 fathoms. His description includes the following
368
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1905.
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Annals of the South African Musewm
points: “The rostrum is acutely triangular and short, about one-fourth the length of the remainder of the carapace. A slight but well-marked median carina runs backwards for about two-thirds of the way to the cervical groove, and carries a single blunt spine near its beginning. The margins of the rostrum are spinous, having five teeth on either side in its free portion and two more on their continuation backwards as ridges over the carapace, where they extend as far as the level of the termination of the median carina, enclosing a horseshoe-shaped space. The gastric area supports three small spines on either side arranged in a longitudinal row, midway between the median carina and the continuation of the rostral margins.’”’ He also mentions that the telson has a couple of minute spines along the outer border.
C. l., MeArdle, Illustrations Zool. R.C.M.S. Investigator,
pleat, ties: 25.24.
C. 1., MacGilchrist, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xv., p. 239.
Captain MacGilchrist describes another female specimen, more complete and larger; carapace with rostrum 16°6 mm. iong, pleon 27 mm., trawled in the Gulf of Oman, between 700 and 689 fathoms. In this “The median carina running backwards from the rostrum carries a large procurved acute spine in the anterior part of the gastric region.’’ ‘‘The margin of the rostrum has 4 or 5 spinelets in front of a basal spine on either side of its free portion, and on the continuation backwards of the rostral margin on each side the spines vary from 2 to 4, and may display a want of symmetry in number and position on the two sides of the same specimen. The spines lying between these and the median carina similarly vary from 2 to 3in number.” ‘The telson has a fair-sized terminal spine with an upcurved tip.”
C.1., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 71 was obtained by Dr. Gilchrist from a depth of 9250 fathoms, 457 m., Table Mountain N. 79 EK. 40 miles. In this specimen the median carina carries no touth either blunt or acute, the very acute rostrum has four denticles on either side, not quite symmetrically arranged, and these are followed by five teeth on the left and four on the right side of the horseshoe arrangement on the carapace, between these sets and the median carina a line of two teeth occurring on each side, with the hinder tooth on the left poorly developed. The telson has a little straight tooth in the small median emargi-
1888.
1893. 1901. 1903. 1906.
1866.
1874. 1903.
1900.
1903.
1903.
1902.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 369
nation of its convex distal border. As the species shows itself variable even in the two halves of the same specimen, the differences here noted do not seem to demand a distinctive name.
Faminy CALLIANASSIDA.
Callianasside, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., Dace
C., Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 183.
C., Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, p. 197.
C., Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xii., p. 541.
C., Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1903, pt. 3, p. 892.
Grn. CALLICHIRUS, Stimpson.
Callichirus, Stimpson, Proc. Chicago Acad. Sciences, vol. 1., p. 47. C., Stimpson, Annals of Lyceum of New York, vol. x., p. 199. C., Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xii., p. 546. Borradaile regards this as a subgenus of Callianassa, assigning to it nineteen species.
* CALLICHIRUS KRAUSSI (Stebbing). Callianassa kraussi, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 39, pls. 2, 3.
No. 41, specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist, taken a little below high-water mark in Gordon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope. It has been sent me also from Gordon’s Bay by C. F. Kies, Esq. Callichirus k., Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xii.,
p. 047.
Gen. CALLIACTITES, Borradaile.
Calliactites, Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vo xii, p. 545. This also is regarded by Borradaile as a subgenus of Callia- nassa, and he assigns to it six species.
* CALLIACTITES ROTUNDICAUDATUS (Stebbing).
Callianassa rotundicaudata, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2 p. 41, pla & No. 87 was obtained by Dr. Gilchrist from St. Francis Bay
1903.
1813. 1893. 1900. 1903. 1843.
16907 1900.
1903.
1860.
1861. 1868.
Annals of the South African Museum.
lat. 34° 2' 45""S., long. 25° 10’ 00" E., between 55 and 62 m.
depth.
Calliactites r., Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xu., p. 545.
Gren. UPOGEBIA, Leach. Upogebia, Leach, Edinb. Encyel., vol. vii., p. 400. U., Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 185. U., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 42. U., Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xii., p. 542.
* UPOGEBIA CAPENSIS (Krauss). Gebia major, var. capensis, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 54.
‘“‘ Frequent in Table Bay.”
G. capensis, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. vi., p. 54. Upogebia c., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 45.
No. 4, specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Swartkops River, Algoa Bay. It has also been sent me from Gordon’s Bay, False Bay, by C. F. Kies, Esq. Dr. Gilchrist states that it is very abundant in some of the “ Vleis,”’ or salt-water lakes of Cape Colony.
U. c., Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xii., p. 543.
Borradaile says: The fact that ‘‘ this species has gills on the last pair of legs will probably make it needful to separate it as a subgenus with such others as may share the character.”’
UPpoGEBIA SUBSPINOSA (Stimpson). Gebia subspinosa, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. xii., p. 22 (91).
In Simon’s Bay, at the Cape of Good Hope, from 15 m. depth. It is stated that the feet of the first, second, and third pairs are armed with a sharp spine near the base. No trace of such a spine is apparent in the preceding species. But a specimen about 8 mm. long, sent me by Mr. C. F. Beyers, Esq., which I should otherwise have assigned to U. capensis, does show such a spine on the limbs mentioned, and may therefore be the young of U. subspinosa.
Gen. CALLIADNE, Strahl.
Calliadne, Strahl, M. B. Akad. Berlin, p. 1064. Gebiopsis, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. iv., p. 64.
1893
1900 1907 1910
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 371 Gebia (Gebiopsis), Ortmann, Decap. der Plankton-Exp., vol. 11. p. 49. Gebiopsis, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 43. Calliadne, Nobili, Bull. Sci. France-Belgique, vol. xl., p. 60. Calliadne, Borradaile, Trans. Linn. Soce., vol. xiil., pt. 2, p. 262.
It must be left to the option of naturalists to regard this as an independent genus or a subgenus of Upogebia.
1825
1861 1891
1895
1907.
1900
* CALLIADNE SAVIGNYI, Strahl.
Gebia stellata, Audouin (not Montagu), Explic. Planches Kgypt., p. 80, pl. 9, fig. 3 (Savigny), not pl. 10, fig. 3, as stated by Nobili.
Calliadne savignyt, Strahl, M. B. Akad. Berlin, p. 1064.
Gebia isodactyla, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. vi., p. 55, pl. 1,
fig. o:
G. (Gebiopsis) 7., Ortmann, Decap. Plankton-Exp., vol. iL., p- 90.
Upogebia (Calliadne) savigny Nobili, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 9, Vol ive) p-2go:
The late Dr. Nobili, to whose writings I owe the reference to Strahl, had one of Ortmann’s specimens for comparison with his own, and convinced himself that Ortmann’s species is identical with that figured by Savigny.
Calliadne s., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. d.
No. 85, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from lat. 33° 9’ 30” 8., long. 28° 3’ 00” E. Ortmann considers that Gebiopsis (now Calltadne) depends for distinction only on two characters, the equally long fingers of the first pereopods and the absence of that little tooth on the antero-lateral margin of the carapace which is present in Upogebia. So far our specimen agrees with Ortmann’s. It has the triangular rostrum rather more extended than that shown in his figure, but in accord with his description it has the lateral furrows of the carapace tolerably straight, somewhat diverging backwards, the fourth and fifth joints of the first peraeopods without teeth, and the fingers almost equally curved; the telson with two ridges parallel to the lateral margins. It cannot, however, be said that the peduncle of the inner antenn is only about as long as the penultimate joint of the outer. There may, therefore, be some doubt as to its true specific position. The length is about 22 mm.
1815. 1837. 1841.
1852. 1880.
1888.
1893.
Annals of the South African Musewne.
Trine SCYLLARIDEA.
. Scyllaridea, Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 191. . S., Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xix., p. 407. . S., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 28.
Famiry SCYLLARIDA.
. Scyllaride, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv.,
Deon.
. S., Alcock, Catal. Deep-sea Macrura, p. 179. . S., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 28.
Gren. SCYLLARIDHS, Gill.
. Scyllarides, Gill, Science, New Ser., vol. vii., p. 98. . S., Rathbun, U.S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. ii., p. 97. . S., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 29.
* ScYLLARIDES ELISABETH (Ortmann).
. Scyllarus elisabethe, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., p. 270.
Cape: Port Elizabeth.
. Scyllarides e., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 30, pl. 30.
No. 29, specimens from the Durban Museum; No. 1396, from Dr. Gilchrist, obtained at a depth of 51 m., Cape St. Blaize, W.1+.N. 53 miles; No. 254, at 36 m. depth, in St. Sebastian Bay. Dr. Péringuey, June, 1910, reports this species from Table Bay.
Gren. IBACUS, Leach.
Ibacus, Leach, Zoological Miscellany, vol. ii., p. 161.
I. (part), Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 286.
I. (subgenus 3), de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas quinta, p. 153.
I., Dana, U.S Expl. Exp., vol. xiii, p. 517.
Ibachus, Boas, Vid. Selsk. Skr., Ser. 6, pt. 1, pp. 87, 181 (65, 159).
Ibaccus, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., pp. 56, 57.
Ibacus, Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 193.
1888.
1893. IES),
1888
1902 1906
1798 1900
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea 373
** ITBACUS VERDI (Bate).
Ibaccus verdi, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., DIOS, Pits, 2; pl...
Ibacus v., Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 193.
I. v., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 12962, taken by Dr. Gilchrist from 82 m. depth, Nahoon Point, NW. by W. 54 miles, appears to be a young specimen of this species, with the four pairs of pleopods in a rudimentary condition, very similar to those figured by Bate for his [bacus brevipes. The second antenne have on the distal joint a small tooth on the inner margin, followed by three large and four small teeth on the distal border. The other large joint has its outer margin cut into four very small teeth with a large one at the apex, and much of its anterior margin is finely denticulate. The carapace, measured from between the two bosses of the antennal segment to the middle of the convex hind margin, is 19 mm. in length ; its greatest breadth, which is at the pro- duced antero-lateral apices, is 31 mm. The front margin has seven denticles on the outer side of each eye. The central carina carries four blunt teeth. The lateral margin has only the produced apical tooth in front of the deep incision, but behind this it forms seven teeth successively smaller. The telson and uropods are papyraceous. It may be supposed that the number of denticles in different parts of the organism varies with the animal’s growth. A phenomenon which has been observed in other crustaceans is exhibited in this specimen, namely, that the stomach turned inside out has been forced out of the mouth. The rapid hauling of creatures from depths at which they have been subject to high pressure is eonsidered to be the cause of this explosive effect.
Faminry PALINURIDA.
Palinuride, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., p. 74.
P., Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 37.
P., Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1903, pt. 3, p. 897.
Gen. PALINURUS, Fabricius.
Palinurus, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 400. P., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 29.
1900.
1847. 1906. 1908.
iO 1906. 1908.
1841.
LSO%e 1908.
1883. 1900.
1837.
Annals of the South African Museum.
* PALINURUS GILCHRISTI, Stebbing. Palinurus gilchristi, Stebbing, $.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 31, plea. No. 34, specimens obtained by Dr. Gilchrist, one in False Bay, another 25 miles SW. 4+ W. from Cape St. Blaize.
Gren. PANULIRUS, White. Panulirus, White, List of Crust. in Brit. Mus., p. 69. P., Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1903, pt. 3, p. 897. P., Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 33.
PANULIRUS PENICILLATUS (Olivier). Astacus penicillatus, Olivier, Encycl. Méth., vol. vi., p. 343. Panulirus p., Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1903, p. 897. P. p., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 33. From Durban Museum, specimen probably taken on the Agulhas Bank.
* PANULIRUS BURGERI (de Haan). Palinurus biirgeri, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas quinta, pp. Ld57,)159,- 238, pls. 48; 44, fig. TT: Panulirus b., Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., p. 268. P. b., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 34.
No. 1052, a specimen sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from ‘“ Fishing ground, Algoa Bay.” Another specimen was kindly forwarded to me from Port Elizabeth by F. W. FitzSimons, Esq., director of the Port Elizabeth Museum. Miss Rathbun, loc. cit., 1906, points out the probably near relationship of Panulirus marginatus (Quoy and Gaimard), 1825, to de Haan’s species, but there is no trustworthy evidence to show that the two names can be regarded as synonymous.
Gen. JASUS, Parker. Jasus, Parker, Nature, vol. xxix., p. 190. J., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 30, and 1902, ibid., pt. 2, p. 38.
* Jasus LALANDIL (Milne-Edwards).
Palinurus lalandii, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i1., p. 293.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 375
1843. P. 1., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 53.
Krauss says: “It occurs, so far as I know, only on the ground on the rocky coast of Table Bay, and is there very common.
1852. P.1., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 519.
“Cape of Good Hope.”
1888. Palinostus l., Bate, Challenger Macrura, vol. xxiv., p. 86, pl. 11, fie. I ols 125 hiss
Bate says: ‘‘Two small specimens of what I believe to be the young of this species were taken from the screw of the Challenger the day after she left the Cape of Good Hope. The armature and ornamentation correspond with those of the adult. The specimen is about 25 mm. in length, and appears to be perfectly formed in all except its sexual characters.”
1884. Jasus l., Parker, Trans. New Zealand Inst. for 1883, p. 304. 1900. Jasus l., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 30, and 1902, ibid., pt. 2, p. 38.
No. 160, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Hermanuspetrus- fontein, Caledon District, near False Bay. A specimen, measuring 390 mm. in length of body, or nearly 154 inches, has been sent me by Dr. Péringuey.
* JASUS PARKERI, Stebbing. 1902. Jasus parkeri, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 39, pl. 7. No. 148, the specimen sent by Dr. Gilchrist, was taken in the shrimp traw!, Buffalo River north 15 miles, from a depth of 567 m.
Gren. PHYLLOSOMA, Leach.
1818. Phyllosoma, Leach, in Tuckey’s Congo Exp., Appendix 4, p. 19, and Journal de Physique, p. 307.
1833. P., Guérin, Magasin de Zoologie, cl. vii., unpaged, and in Duperrey’s Voy. de la Coquille, vol. i1., pt. 2, p. 43.
1837. P., Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 472.
O. G. Costa, in his Crustacea of Naples, article Stomapodi (undated), discusses Phyllosoma, and criticises Risso.
1849. P., de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas sexta, p. 226.
1863. P., Claus, Zeitschr. fiir wiss. Zool., vol. xili., p. 428, pl. 26, figs. 2, 3, 5, 6, and 1876, Untersuchungen genealog. des Crustaceen-Systems, p. 114.
1873. P., Richters, Zeitschr. fiir wiss. Zool., vol. xxiii., pl. 31-34.
376
Annals of the South African Museum.
1888. P., Bate, Challenger Macrura, vol. xxiy., pp. see index, p. 989. 1893. P., Ortmann, Decap. und Schizop. Plankton-Exp., p. 88.
** PHYLLOSOMA sp., Stebbing.
1910. Phyllosoma sp., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 64, a specimen sent by Dr. Gilchrist, was obtained off Lion’s Head N. 63 E., 34 miles, depth of haul 282 m. This specimen in many respects resembles Phyllosoma longipes, Milne-Edwards, a species very inconveniently instituted by that author in the explanation of pl. 57, figs. 4, 4a-g, in the undated volume of the Crustacea, Régne Animal, ed. 3. As it is not included by M.-Edw. in his Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., 1837, its date is evidently not earlier than that year. Our specimen agrees in the widely rounded cephalic buckler, with frontal projection carrying the long- and slenderly-stalked eyes, the first antenne with their rather short primary and secondary flagella, and the second antenna, fully three times as long as the first, with the peduncle simple, that is, not having any outstanding process. Far to the rear are seen the second and third maxillipeds, both with vesicles at the base, both very slender and the third pair very long. To these succeed five pairs of very long slender perzopods, also fur- nished with minute branchial vesicles, two sets to each of the first four, but a single one to the fifth. The first four pairs have a secondary branch ending in a natatory flagel- lum. The fifth pair has no secondary branch attached to the second joint, but has the following joint longer than in the other pairs. In P. longipes Milne-Edwards repre- sents the fifth leg with a secondary branch, and the third joint not longer than in the preceding pairs. In the pleon the two specimens appear to agree, so far as there is ground for judging. In the new one, the tail-fan is exceedingly like that of an adult Panwlirus; the four pairs of pleopods have two nearly equal rami, the inner ramus carrying a coupling-plate or appendix interna. In the female of Jasus lalandii the pleopods of the second segment are without this appendix, but it is strongly developed on the three following pairs. Claus in 1863, loc. cit., p. 430, pl. 27, fig. 11, discusses a large specimen, in which the second antennz are short, with outstanding process, and the last perszeopods are short, but otherwise showing near agreement with our example. Claus suggests that his specimen may be a Scyllarid larva.
1837. SA
1907. 1909.
1852. 1902. 1907. 1908.
1862.
1902.
1880.
1882.
1884.
1895.
1908.
1894.
“J
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 37
Trine HRYONIDEA.
“ Tribu des Eryons,’’ Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 278.
Eryonidea, de Haan, Crustacea Japonica, decas quinta, p. 149.
E., Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xix., pp. 460, 474.
£., Calman, Crustacea, in Lankester’s Treatise on Zoology, pt. 7, fase. 3, p. 312.
Faminy HKRYONIDA.
Hryonide, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 515.
H., Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 35.
E., Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xix., p. 467. H., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 25.
Gren. POLYCHELES, Heller. Polycheles, Heller, Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. xlv., p. 389. P., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 35.
* POLYCHELES SCULPTUS, S. I. Smith. Polycheles sculptus, S. I. Smith, Proc. U.S. Mus. for 1879, p. 346, pl. 7. P. s., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 36. No. 182, specimen sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Cape Natal N. by E. (approx.) 24 miles; depth 805 m.
* POLYCHELES NANUS (S. I. Smith).
Pentacheles nanus, Smith, Rep. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1882, p. 359.
Polycheles n., Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard, vol. xvili., p. 121, pl. 33, figs. 1, a—0.
P. n., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 27.
No. 184, specimen sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Cape Point Lighthouse NE. by E. ? HE. 384 miles; depth 1,372-1,463 m.
* POLYCHELES BEAUMONTH (?) (Alcock). Pentacheles beawmontit, Alcock, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6. vol. xill., p. 236. 26
1908.
1888.
1893. 1907.
1893. 1900.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Polycheles b., Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. xviil., p. 125.
Faxon gives reason for supposing this to be a synonym of Polycheles granulatus, Faxon, 1893.
P. b., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 25.
Nos. 181, 182, 183, specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist, the first station being Cape Point Lighthouse H. # N. 41 miles; depth 1,628 m.; the second with the same Point approx. NE. 40 miles; depth 1,024-1,280 m.; the third with the Point NE. by E. 4 E. 43 miles; depth 1,646 m.
Tring ASTACIDEA.
Astacidea (part), Bate, Challenger Macrura, vol. xxiv., pp. 56, 100.
A. (part), Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 199.
Astacura, Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xix., p. 475.
Famity ASTACIDA.
Nephropside, Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 201. N., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 33, and 1902, ibid., pt. 2, p. 33.
Though this family name has met with kindly acceptance by several authors, consistency now compels me to relinquish it, in conformity with the general principle that the earliest of included genera should determine the family name.
Gen. ASTACUS, Borlase.
. Astacus, Borlase, Natural History of Cornwall, p. 274. . A., Leach, in Samouelle’s Entomologist’s Useful Compendium
pe 95:
. A., Westwood, The Entomologist’s Text-book, p. 181.
. Homarus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 335.
. Astacus, O. G. Costa, Atti R. Accad. Scienze, vol. v., pt. 2, p. 72. . A., Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 33.
* AsTACcUS CAPENSIS, Herbst.
. Cancer (Astacus) capensis, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. ii.,
pu. 2, p 29) pl. 26, te “This beautiful Macruran lives at the Cape in such rivers as occur on the mountains.”
1837. 1843.
1900.
1882.
1902.
1888.
1893. 1906.
1908. OO!
1852. 1888.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 379
Homarus c., Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 335. H. c., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 54.
‘In the mountain rivers of Cape land. I have never seen it in Natal.”
Astacus c., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 34 (error corrected, pt. 2, p. 83).
Nos. 9, 50, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, No. 9 from salt-water rock-pool at Sea Point, Table Bay, No. 50, a Museum speci- men. Dr. Gilchrist says: “It is certainly a mistake to say that it occurs in the rivers of the Colony, where, so far as I can make out, no such Crustacean occurs. I have learned that it is also found in Algoa Bay.”
Gen. NEPHROPSIS, Wood-Mason.
3. Nephropsis, Wood-Mason, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xli.,
pt. 2, p. 39, and Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 4, vol. xii., p. 59.
. N., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 33.
* NEPHROPSIS ATLANTICA, Norman. Nephropsis atlantica, Norman, Proc. R. Soc. Edin., vol. x1. p. 684. N. a., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 34. No. 151, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Cape Natal N. by E. (approx.) 24 miles; depth 805 m.
Trins PENAVIDEA.
Penaidea, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., pp. 219, 220.
P., Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 213.
Peneidea, Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 3, fase. 1, p. 4.
Alcock here supplies extensive references to writings on
this subject.
Peneidea, Bouvier, Camp. Sci. Prince de Monaco, fase. 33, p. 9.
P., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], p: 2:
Faminy PENAIDA.
Penaide (part), Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 600. P., Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., p. 220.
380
1905. 1906. 1908.
909:
TILO:
IL7AS Ie 1905. 1906.
1798. 1905.
1905
1852. 1905.
1830. 1901.
Annals of the South African Musewm
P., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 73.
Peneide@, Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 3, fase.1, p. 4.
Peneide, Bouvier, Camp. Sci. Prince de Monaco, fase. 33, p. 9, and (sub-fam.) Peneine, Bull. Inst. Océanogr. Monaco, No. 119, p. 1.
P., A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., Harvard, vol. xxvii., No. 3, p. 179.
P., Kemp, Fish., Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], p. 12.
The number of South African species belonging to this
family may be expected to receive a considerable increase,
when there has been time to classify them among the
numerous genera of which the family now consists.
Gren. PENZAUS, J. C. Fabricius.
Peneus, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 408.
P., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 74.
Peneus, Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 3, fase. 1, p. 4 (Peneus-group), p. 7 (Peneus restricted).
* PENHUS MONODON, Fabricius.
Peneus monodon, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 408. P.m., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 74.
No. 157, a specimen from the Durban Museum. Another specimen, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, was taken near Port Eliza- beth, Swartskop River.
* PkENHUS CHRULEUS, Stebbing. Peneus ceruleus, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 77, pls. 21, 21 bis.
Nos. 51, 67, 67a, were sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Nahoon River (tidal for several miles inland) on EH. coast near Hast London. Dr. de Man deems this a colour variety of P. senvsulcatus, de Haan.
Faminy SERGESTIDA.
Sergestide, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 601. S., Stebbing, 5.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 80.
Gren. SERGESTES, Milne-Edwards. Sergestes, Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. xix., p. 348. S., Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Crust., p. 48.
1905. LOL:
1855.
1905.
1908. TOO:
1891.
1905.
1905.
1852. 1888.
1893. 1910.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 381
S., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 80. S., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], p. 24.
* SERGESTES ARCTICUS, Kroyer. Sergestes arcticus, Kroyer, Oversigt K.D. Vid. Selsk. Forhandl., Now pale S. a., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 81. Nos. 62, 62a, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, were taken off Table Mountain E. by S. 40 miles, depth (probably) 549 m. S. a., Hansen, Danish Ingolf Exp., Malacostraca, p. 82. S.a., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908,'I. [1910], p. 30, pl. 3, figs. 13-19.
* SERGESTES BISULCATUS, Wood- Mason.
Sergestes bisulcatus, Wood-Mason, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, vol vil.) p. L90c vol) viii, p. 308: S. b., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 87, pl. 24a.
No. 199, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, was obtained from Cape Point E. by N. 29 miles; depth 457 to 549 m. The late Dr. Nobili (1906, Bull. Sci. France-Belgique, vol. xl., p. 22 of sep. copy) supposes that this South African form should rather be dentified with Sergestes prehensilis, Bate.
* SERGESTES GLORIOSUS, Stebbing. Sergestes gloriosus, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 84, pls. 22, 23. No. 145, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, was taken off Sandy Point, approx. N.W. by W. 17 miles; depth 1,463 m. Sandy Point is near the Great Kei River, Transkei.
Tre CARIDEA.
Caridea (part), Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 528.
Macrura normalia, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., p. 480.
Caridea, Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 224.
C., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], p. 39.
In his useful synoptic view of ten families, Mr. Kemp places side by side the Crangonidze and Paleemonide as alike having the carpus
382 Annals of the South African Museum.
or fifth joint of the second persopods unsegmented, simple, while that joint is divided into two or more segments in the Processide, Alpheidz, Hippolytide, and Pandalide. Both these groups agree in having exopods usually entirely absent from the pereeopods, or present only on the first pair. The Oplophoride and some other families are distinguished from the foregoing by having exopods on at least four pairs of perzeopods.
Faminry CRANGONIDA.
1853. Crangonide, Bell, British Stalk-eyed Crustacea, p. 255. 1900. C., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 46. 1903. C., Gurney. Proc. Zool. Soc., London, p. 24. 1905. C., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 92. 1910. C., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], p. 134. Here also a valuable synoptic view of the genera is supplied by Mr. Kemp.
Gen. CRANGON, J. C. Fabricius.
1798. Crangon, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., pp. 387-409.
1907. C., Calman, National Antarctic Exp., Nat. Hist., vol. ii, Decapoda, p. 3.
1910. C., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., I. [1908], pp. 135, 136.
The genus Crangon is to be attributed to Fabricius, not Linneus. The latter author only used crangon as a specific name. As to the publication of the generic name Crangon by F. Weber in 1795, I have already expressed my opinion of its futility in the Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. xxix., p. 332, 1905.
CRANGON CAPENSIS, Stimpson.
1860. Crangon capensis, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., p. 93 (24). Taken in Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope, from a depth of 22 m. Length of specimen 22°5 mm. Dr. Calman (loc. cit., p. 4) observes that ‘“ with the exception of the very imperfectly known C. capensis, Stimpson, from the Cape of Good Hope, C. antarcticus is the only species of the genus inhabiting the Southern Hemisphere.”
1816. 1832. 1862. 1900. OO:
Lion.
1900.
1817. 1905. 1910.
1882.
1905.
1837.
1849. 1852.
1905. 1908. TIL:
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 383
Gen. ANGEON, Kinahan.
Egeon (preocc.) Risso, Hist. Nat. Crust. de Nice, p. 99.
H., Guérin-Méneyille, Exp. Sci. Morée, p. 33.
Aigeon, Kinahan, Pr. Irish Ac., vol. viii., pt. 1, p 5.
44., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 49.
4Y., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], pp. 135, 155.
* JNGEON CATAPHRACTUS (Olivi). Cancer cataphractus, Olivi, Zoologia adriatica, p. 50, pl. 3, fond Afgeon c., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 50. No. 43, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, obtained between Cove Rock and Hood Point, near East London, lat. 33° 5’ 45’ 8., long. 27° 62’ 45" H.; depth 73 m.
Gen. PONTOPHILUS, Leach.
Pontophilus, Leach, Malac. Podophth. Brit., text to pl. 37a.
P., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 93.
P., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], pp. 135, 159.
* PONTOPHILUS GRACILIS, 8. I. Smith.
Pontophilus gracilis, Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard, vol. x., p. 36, pl. 7, figs. 2-8a. P.q., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 94, pl. 25. No. 60, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, taken 40 miles off Table Mountain, from a depth of 457 m.
Faminy PALASMONIDAL.
‘ Palémomens,’ Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii, p. 367.
Palemonidea, de Haan, Crust. Japonica, decas sexta, p. 169.
Palemonide (part), Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., Do ool:
P., Coutiére, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 8, vol. xii., p. 249.
P., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 39.
P., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], pp. 36, 127.
384
1798: 1837.
1843. 1905.
1837. S43.
1891.
1905.
1908.
1863.
1866. 1892.
1897.
1904.
1905.
Annals of the South African Museum.
GEN. PALAIMON, J. C. Fabricius.
Palemon, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., pp. 378, 402. Palemon, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 387. Palemon, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 55.
P., Coutiére, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 8, vol. xii., p. 249.
PaL=MON QuorANus, Milne-Edwards.
Palemon quoianus, M.-Edw., Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 393. Palemon q., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 55.
Krauss states that above the rostrum has 8 teeth, of which the two outermost are scarcely visible, and below 3 teeth. He says that it is very frequent on the rocky coast of Natal in the holes filled with water during the ebb. The length of ‘1,35 lines,’ as compared with the length of an inch assigned by Milne-Edwards to the specimen from New Zealand, would make Krauss’s identification very doubtful, but, as he lays no stress on the minuteness, it is probable, or at least possible, that the length intended was 13,5 lines.
Gen. HUPALAIMON, Ortmann.
Palemon (EHupalemon), Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. v., pp: 696, 697.
P, (Hu.), Coutiére, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 8, vol. xii., pp. 252, 266, 278, 287.
EKupalemon, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 41.
EUPALEZMON suNDAICUS (Heller).
Palemon sundaicus, Heller, Sitzungsber. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. xly.; p. 415, pl. 2; hes. 385539.
P.s., Heller, Novara Crustacea, p. 115.
P. (Hupalemon) s., de Man, in Weber’s Zool. Ergebn. Nieder!. Ost-Indien, vol. 11., p. 437, pl. 26, fig. 35.
P. s., Max Weber, Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., p. 165.
Inhabits the coast of Natal.
P. (Hupalemon) s.,de Man, Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. 2, vol. ix., pt. 8, p. 306.
P, (Hupalemon) s., Coutiére, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 8, vol. xii., pp. 250, 251, 273, pl. 14, figs. 44-46a.
Coutiére and de Man cite Max Weber as authority for the occurrence of this species in Natal.
1862.
1908.
1908.
tS Oi
1905.
1878.
1891.
1892.
1902.
1905.
1878.
S97.
e}S I
1908.
General Catalogue of Scuth African Crustacea. 385
EUPALEMON RUDIS (Heller).
Palemon rudis, Heller, Verh. Zool. bot. Gesell. Wien, p. 527. P. (Hupalemon) r., Coutiére, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 8, vol. xii., pp. 273, 288, pl. 12, figs. 23, 24. EKupalemon r.,. Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 41. Specimens from Durban.
Gren. PARAPALAIMON, Ortmann. Palemon (Parapalenon), Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. v., pp. 696,73. P. (P.), Coutiére, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 8, vol. xii., pp. 252, 266, 273.
PARAPALHZMON DOLICHODACTYLUS (Hilgendorf).
Palemon dolichodactylus, Hilgendorf, Monatsh. Akad. Berlin, p. 840, pl. 4, fig. 18.
P. (Parapalemon) d., Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. v., pp. 731, 732.
P, (Macrobrachiwm) d., de Man, in Weber’s Zool. Ergebn., vol. i1., p. 477.
P. (Parapalemon) d., Coutiére, Bull. Mus. d’ Hist. Nat., No. 7, p. 016 (2).
P, (P.) d., Coutiére, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 8, vol. xii., pp. 273, 283.
Coutiére gives Hilgendorf’s authority for the statement that this species appears to be common in the watercourses of the East African coast, from Natal to Zanzibar.
PARAPALEZMON PETERSII (Hilgendorf). Palemon petersii, Hilgendorf, Monatsb. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, p. Oa pl 4, fies 19. P, (Parapalemon) p., Max Weber, Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., p. 166. From Natal.
Gren. MACROTEROCHEIR, Stebbing. Paliemon (Macrobrachium), Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. v. pp. 696, 733. Macroterocheir, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 39.
386
1878
1905
1908.
1849.
1892.
1905. 1910.
1758. 1798. 1852. 1853. 1893. 1910.
1910.
1897.
Annals of the South African Museum.
MACROTEROCHEIR LEPIDACTYLUS (Hilgendorf).
Palemon lepidactylus, Hilgendorf, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin p. 838, pl. 4, figs. 14-16. P. (Macrobrachium) l., Coutiére, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 8, vol. xu., p. 272, pl. 10, pl: 11, figs. 13, 13a. Macroterocheir l., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 40. No. 155. From Barberton (Transvaal) and from Umgeni lagoon (Natal), specimens out of the Durban Museum.
Gen. LEANDER, Desmarest.
Leander, Desmarest, Ann. Ent. Soc. France, p. 87 (cited from Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xu., p. 535).
L., de Man, in Weber’s Zool. Ergebn. Niederl. Ost-Indien, vol. u., p. 506.
L., Coutiére, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 8, vol. xii., p. 336.
L., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], p. 127.
* LEANDER SQUILLA (Linn.). Cancer squilla, Linn., Systema Nature, ed. 10, p. 632. Palemon s., Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 403. P.s., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 586, pl. 38, fig. 9. P. s., Bell, Brit. Stalk-eyed Crust., p. 305, fig. in text. Leander s., Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 247. ZL. s., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], p. 132, pl. 20, figs. 3,3 a-e.
L. s., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
A specimen sent by Dr. Gilchrist from Muizenberg, from a salt lake or ‘‘ Vlei” in False Bay, appears to belong to this species. The rostrum has 8 teeth above and 4 below, exclu- sive of its bifid apex, in which the lower point projects beyond the upper. Of the upper teeth two are behind the eyes, belonging to the body of the carapace rather than the rostrum proper. All the teeth are followed by setules. The sides of the first pleon segment extend a little below those of the second. The lateral apices of the fifth segment are acute. The telson has three rather long apical spines and three latero- dorsal pairs of minute spines. The length of the specimen is about 44 mm.
LEANDER CAPENSIS, Weber.
Leander capensis, Max Weber, Zool. Jahrb., vol. x., p. 174, pli 15, digs 3:
1896.
1905.
1910.
1815.
1905.
L910:
1815.
1905.
1910.
1884.
1908.
1881. 1901. 1908.
1882.
1886.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 35
Famity PROCESSIDA.
Processide@ (part), Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. ix., p. 424.
P., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 89.
P., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], pp. 36, 123.
Gren. PROCESSA, Leach.
Processa, Leach, Malac. Podophth. Brit., text to pl. 41.
P., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 89.
P., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], p. 123.
* PROCESSA CANALICULATA, Leach. Processa canaliculata, Leach, Malac. Podophth. Brit., pl. 41 (with text). P.c., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 91.
Specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist, No. 217, taken off Cape St. Blaize, from a depth of 73 m.; No. 134, from Knysna Heads distant NE. by N.$ N. 2 miles, depth 55-59 m.; and a small specimen taken between Bird Island and mainland between 18 and 29 m. depth.
P.c., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], p. 123.
Famiry GLYPHOCRANGONIDA.
Glyphocrangonidé, 8S. I. Smith, Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1882, p. 364. G., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 36.
Gren. GLYPHOCRANGON, A. Milne-Edwards. Glyphocrangon, A. M.-Edw., Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 6, vol. xi., p. 3. G., Aleock, Catal. Indian Deep-Sea Macrura, p. 125.
G., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 36.
* GLYPHOCRANGON scuLpTus (8. I. Smith). Rhachocaris sculpta, Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard,
vol. x., p. 49, pl. 5, fig. 3, pl. 6, figs. 3, 3a-d. Glyphocrangon sculptus, Smith, Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm. for
1885, p. 655 (51), pl. 8, fig. 3, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2.
388
1908.
1882.
1886.
1908.
1899.
1798. 1910.
Annals of the South African Museum.
G. s., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 37.
Specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist, Nos. 172, 191, 192, from Cape Point NE. by HE. + E. 40 miles, depth between 1,463 and 1,645 m.; another specimen, No. 188, from Cape Point N. 70° E. 40 miles, came, or was reputed to come, from a depth of about 1,463 m.
* GLYPHOCRANGON LONGIROSTRIS (S. I. Smith).
Ethachocaris longirostris, Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Elarvard; “voli x, pyol, pl. 0, fe. 15 pl 6) few Glyphocrangon 1., Smith, Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1885, p. Goo (Ol) pl; nes: i 2pl Setics 3, yo:
G. l., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 38.
Specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist, Nos. 185, 186, from Cape Point NE. by E. 384 miles, depth between 1,372 and 1,463 m.; No. 187, from Cape Point N. 77° E., depth between 1,207 and 1,280 m.; No. 189, from Cape Point NE. ? E. 40 miles, depth between 1,317 and 1,463 m.; and No. 190, Cape Point N. 58° E. 49 miles, depth 1,646 m. I bave already noticed that the occurrence of this and the preceding species in the same neighbourhood, on ground of the same character, and all at considerable depths, may excite a suspicion that their separation rests on a rather insecure foundation.
Famiry ALPHEIDA.
Alpheide, Coutiére, Thése presentée a la Faculté des Sciences de Paris.
In this volume M. Coutiére gives a bibliographical list of authors concerned with this family or members of it, the catalogue occupying between eight and nine octavo pages. He himself and other writers have added considerably to the list in the intervening years. As we have here only to deal with a single specimen, this reference must suffice.
Gen. ALPHEUS, J. C. Fabricius. Alpheus, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., pp. 380, 404. A., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], 10) Olga bd RSE E240) In the interval between these two references this genus has had an extensive progeny of other genera.
1826.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 389
ALPHEUS EDWARDsI (Audouin).
Athanasus edwardsii, Audouin, Explic. Planches Crust.
Egypte, p. 274, Savigny’s pl. 10, fig. 1.
1843. Alpheus e., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 55.
1866.
1884, 1888. 1888,
11399:
1310:
Krauss says: ‘‘I found this widely-distributed species in great numbers in the mud of Natal Bay, where it digs itself deep perpendicular holes. At the ebb of the tide it sits at the openings of the holes, but at any one’s approach it at once rapidly withdraws, at the same time producing a snapping sound. The colour is dusky green. The length from the frontal margin to apex of telson is 18 lines.” Krauss gives a reference to Audouin, but calls the species Alpheus edwardstt, Milne-Edwards, which, according to Coutiére (loc. cit., p. 11) is properly A. megacheles, Hailstone, and distinct from Audouin’s species. Referring to Bianconi’s description and figures of A. edwardsii (Audouin-Savigny), Coutiére says (loc. cvt., p. 23): “The figure 1,, pl. x., of Savigny, corresponds well to the form named A. Hdwardsi by the majority of authors; the figure 1,, pl. x. (la (?) Bianconi), comes nearer to the very polymorphic species A. crassimanus, Heller, to which Bianconi’s description and figure must surely relate. Lastly, the little chela represented pl. x. (1 7.) (Savigny) appears to me to be that of the two sexes of d. strenuwus, Dana. The three forms just noticed live side by side, are very much alike, very common and perhaps simple varieties of a single species. It appears to me quite plausible that Savigny may have collected them all.”’
* ALPHEUS CRASSIMANUS, Heller.
Alpheus crassimanus, Heller, Novara Crustacea, p. 107, pl. 10, figs. 2, 2a.
A. edwardsii, Miers, Alert Crustacea, p. 284.
A.e., de Man, J. Linn. Soc., vol. xxii., No. 140, p. 266.
A. crassimanus, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., p. 554, pl. 99, figs. 2, 2k.
A. c., Coutiére, Thése, pp. 239, &e., fig. 293.
A.c., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 12, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, was dug out of mud, Zwartskop River, Algoa Bay. As above explained, this specimen may possibly be referable to A. strenwus, Dana, or A. edwardsti (Audouin), or to both. It seems to me to
390
1888.
1905.
1906. 1910.
1814,
1860.
JES Oy
1837.
1843.
Annals of the South African Musewm.
agree closely with Heller’s account of his species, and with Bate’s and Coutiére’s figures of the smaller cheliped, which in this example is on the right of the animal. In the second pereopods the first two carpal jointlets are respectively 4 mm. and 25 mm., as compared with the relation 5:3 given by Heller, but very different from those assigned by Dr. de Man to two female specimens from the Mergui Archipelago. These are given as 44 for the first, and 44 for the second joint in one example, and in the other 2? for the first, and 2} for the second, with the remark that—‘ It was a specimen belonging to this variety which was figured in the ‘ Novara Reise.’”’ The Algoa Bay specimen measures about 46 mm. from rostrum to end of telson.
Fawiny HIEPPOLYTIDA.
Hippolytide, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., p. 576.
H., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 97.
H., Calman, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xvii., p. 29.
H., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], pp! vob; 99;
Gren. HIPPOLYTH, Leach. Hippolyte, Leach, Edinb. Encyel., vol. vii., p. 431. Virbius, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., p. 104 (35). H., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], p. 100.
HIPPOLYTE ENSIFERA, Milne-Edwards. Hippolyte ensiferus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i1., p. 374.
Milne-Edwards states that the rostrum is very large, lamellar, and that the carpus is biarticulate in the second pereeopods, so that the generic position of this species 1s doubtful.
H. e., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 56.
Specimens in the Stuttgart Museum, brought by von Ludwig from the Cape in 1828. The length is given as 7 lines, equal to about 15 mm.
1888. 1905. 1906.
1888.
1905.
1906.
1905. 1906. 1906. OLO:
1905.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 391
HIpPOLYTE KRAUSSIANA (Stimpson).
. Virbius kraussvanus, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sei. Philad., p. 105 (36).
Taken in Simon’s Bay, near the Cape of Good Hope. The length is given as 175 mm. Stimpson states that the rostrum is slender.
Gren. MERHIPPOLYTH, Bate. Merhippolyte, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., p. 618. M., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 103. M., Calman, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xvii., p. 32.
* MERHIPPOLYTE AGULHASENSIS, Bate.
Merhippolyte agulhasensis, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, volixcxive, ps Ol9. pl UL) fie. 4:
South of the Cape, lat. 35° 4’ §., long. 18° 37’ E., from a depth of 274 m.
M. a., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p..103.
No. 59a, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from 25 miles off Lion’s Head, depth between 240 and 249 m., and from Gericke Point N. 3? E., Knysna Heads H. 2 N., depth 212 m.
M.a., Calman, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xvii., p. 32.
Gen. LEONTOCARIS, Stebbing. Leontocaris, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, pp. 21, 98. Z., Calman, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xvii., p. 31. I., Kemp, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xvii., p. 297. L., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], pp. 99, 113:
* LEONTOCARIS PAULSONI, Stebbing. Leontocaris paulsont, Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 99, pl. 26. No. 63, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Lion’s Head N. 67° E. 25 miles; depth between 240 and 249 m.
Famiry PANDALIDAL.
8. Pandalide, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv.,
p. 625.
1888.
1888.
HO:
1883.
1888.
1896.
1908.
L5G:
1910
Annals of the South African Museum.
. P., Calman, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. iii., p. 28. . P., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. STO}
pp. 36, 84.
Gren. PANDALUS, Leach.
. Pandalus, Leach, Edinb. Encyel., vo 7, p. 432. . P., Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., pp. 626, 665. . P., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest,, 1908, I. [LOLO};
p. 89.
PANDALUS MODESTUS, Bate.
Pandalus modestus, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. 24,.p. 670; pl. 114, fies. 4.6, 0m: Specimens taken in lat. 35° 4’ S., long. 18° 37’ F., at the Agulhas Bank, off the Cape of Good Hope, from a depth of 273m. The entire length of the animal 17 mm.
Gren. PLESIONIKA, Bate. Plesionika, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., pp. 626, 640. P., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], pp. 85, 93.
* PLESIONIKA MARTIA (A. Milne-Edwards).
Pandalus martius, A. M.-Edw., pl. 18 (acc. to Kemp), pl. 21 (acc. to Rathbun), Recueil, &e.
Mr. Kemp gives the title as ‘Recueil de figures de Crustacés nouveaux ou peu connus.”’ Miss Rathbun gives it as ‘‘ Recueil Planches Expéd. ‘ Travailleur.’ ”’
Plesionika senilevis, Bate, Chalienger Macrura, Reports, vol. “xxiv., p: so44, pl: 113) figs 3 30:
Plesionika martia, Caullery, Ann. Univ. Lyon, vol. xxvi., p. 378, pl. 15, figs. 1-6.
Pandalus martius, M. J. Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1903, pt. 3, p. 914.
Plesionika martia, Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, T. [1910], p. 935; pl. 12, figss es.
Other references for the genus and species may be gathered from Mr. Kemp’s treatise.
P.m., Stebbing, $.A. Crustacea, pt. 5. Nos. 59, 60, 61, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, were taken from
1882
1888
1888
S79:
1888
1895.
1909
1837. 1888. 1892.
1908.
1910
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 393
depths between 240 and 249 m., Lion’s Head, N. 67° E. distant 25 miles. In the specimen measured the rostrum from apex to the cornea of the eye was 33 mm. long, the space thence to middle of hind margin of carapace 23 mm., the pleon 60 mm., of which the telson was 12 mm., the total length being thus 116 mm. There are eight spines on the upper side of the rostrum, two of which, following a very long bare space, are situated near the eyes, and are followed by a much more closely placed set successively smaller backwards, the dorsal carina being continued beyond them but not reaching the hind margin of the carapace. The underside of the rostrum is serrately denticulate. A full account and good figure of this striking species are given by Mr. Kemp.
Gen. CHLOROTOCUS, A. Milne-Edwards.
Chlorotocus, A. M.-Edwards, Rapport Comm. pour la faune sous-mariue, p. 18. C., Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., p. 627, 673.
CHLOROTOCUS INCERTUS, Bate.
Chlorotocus wecertus, Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, VOU eevee pl WG. wigs. tla —78 ih. oO: From Agulhas Bank, off the Cape of Good Hope, lat. 30° 4' §., long. 18° 37' E.; depth 273 m.
Faminy ATYIDA.
Atyide@, Kingsley, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., p. 414.
A., Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., pp. 481, 691.
A., Ortmann, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., for 1894, p. 397.
A., Calman, in Lankester’s Treatise on Zoology, pt. 7, fase. 3, p- dll.
Gen. CARIDINA, Milne-Edwards.
Caridina, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 362. C., Bate, Challenger Macrura, Reports, vol. xxiv., p. 702. C., de Man, in Weber’s Zool. Niederl. Ost-Indien, vol. ii., p- 363. C., de Man, Rec. Indian Museum, vol. ii., pt. 3, p. 256. C., Lenz, Deutsch. Zentral-Afr. Exp., vol. iii., pt. 3, p. 10. The name Pelias, Roux, 1833, was preoccupied. oT
394
1833. 1908.
1878. 1905, 1906. 1906.
1910.
isto le
1905. 1906.
1910
Annals of the South African Museum.
CARIDINA NILOTICA (Roux).
Pelias niloticus, Roux, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. xxviii., p. 73, pl. 7- Caridina nilotica, de Man, Records of the Indian Museum, vol. ii., pp. 255, 262, 263, pl. 20.
According to Dr. de Man, ‘all the varieties living on the islands of the Indian Archipelago and in Bengal are certainly distinct from those occurring in Africa.’’ He names as a new variety, natalensis, specimens collected in the river Umgeni, Natal, wrongly referred by Professor Weber (Zool. Jahrb, vol. x., p. 168, 1897) to Caridina wyckit (Hickson), and accepts as an independent variety of C. nilotica, the var. paucipara from Natal, which Professor Weber (loc. cit., p. 168) named as a variety of Hickson’s C. wyckw. The species designated by Weber as C. typus, Milne-Edwards, from Natal, is not mentioned by de Man in his latest paper, so that its name, either as species or variety under the new scheme, remains vague. Caridina africana, Kingsley (Bull. Essex Inst., vol. xiv., p. 127 (23), pl. 1, fig. 3, 1882), from Zululand, similarly remains indefinite.
Famiry OPLOPHORIDA.
Oplophorine, Kingsley, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. x., p. 68.
Miersiide, Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 104.
Hoplophoride, Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1905, I. (L906) 5 pes.
Oplophoride, M. J. Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1903, pt. 3, p. 921.
Hoplophoride, Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], pp. 35, 56.
Gen. ACANTHEPHYRA, A. Milne-Edwards.
Acanthephyra, A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 6 vol. xi., Art. 4, p. 12.
A., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 106.
A., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1905, I. [1906], Dp. 3:
ule, Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], pp. 05, 56.
>
1881.
1905.
1906.
1910.
1885.
1910.
1863.
1883.
1908.
TSO)
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 395
*“ ACANTHEPHYRA PURPUREA, A. Milne-Edwards. Acanthephyra purpurea, A. Milne-Edwards, Comptes Rendus, vol. 93, p. 933." A. batei, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 107, pl. 248. No. 66, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from a depth of 658 m., Cape Point Lighthouse, S. 83° E., distant 354 miles. A. purpurea, Kemp, Fisheries, Ivaland, Sci. Invest., 1905, I. [1906], p. 4, pl. 1, pl. 2, figs. 1-8. A. p., Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, I. [1910], p. 96.
GEN. NOTOSTOMUS, A. Milne-Edwards.
. Notostomus, A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 6,
Vly xis sh dh
. N., Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 245. . N., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 109.
** NOTOSTOMUS WESTERGRENI, Faxon.
. Notostomus westergrent, Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.
Harvard, vol. xxiv., p. 208.
. NV. w., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 110.
The specimen, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, was taken from a depth of about 1,463 m., Cape Point, N. 70° E., distant 40 miles.
SCHIZOPODA.
Schizopoda, Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol. xii., pt. 37. S., Hansen, Schizopoda, Siboga Exp., pt. 37.
Trpe THYSANOPODACHA.
Thysanopodea, Claus, Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., vol. xili., pt. 3, p. 442.
Huphausiacea, Boas, Morphologisches Jahrbuch, vol. viii., pt. 4, p. 487.
E., Hansen, Belgica Schizopoda, p. 8, and Ingolf Mala- costraca, p. 84.
E., Hansen, Schizopoda, Siboga Exp., pt. 37, p. 78.
396
1852. 1905.
1830. 1837.
1894,
1905.
1910.
1910.
1852.
1905 1905 1905 1910
Annals of the South African Museum.
Famity THYSANOPODIDA.
EHuphauside, Dana, U.S. Espl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 636. Thysanopodide, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 111.
Gen. THYSANOPODA, Milne-Edwards.
Thysanopoda, Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 1, vol. xix. T., Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 463.
Dana (loc. c7t., pp. 637, 1610) adopts Nocticula, Thompson, Zoological Researches, p. 52, pl. 5, fig. 1, as taking prece- dence of Thysanopoda, but Thompson's genus, while possibly an error for Noctiluca, is too vague for adoption, since Sars (loc. cit., p. 71) identifies it with Huphausia instead of Thysanopoda. Milne-Edwards, among various references to Thompson’s Researches, leaves his Nocticula unnoticed.
* THYSANOPODA AGASSIZI, Ortmann.
Thysanopoda agassizi, Ortmann, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. xxv., p. 99.
T. a., Ortmann, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1903, pt. 3, p. 964.
T. agassizii, Hansen, Schizopoda, Siboga Exp., pt. 37, p. 87, pl. 13, figs. 3 a-g.
T. agassizt, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 145, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, procured by shrimp trawl, Sandy Point (approx.) N.W. by W. 17 miles, from 914 m. depth. The specimen fully agrees with Hansen’s account of the frontal plate and the other characters of the carapace, including the minute denticle a little before the hinder end of the lower margin. Its length is not less than the 32 mm. assigned to the specimen noticed by Ortmann in 1905, and, as in that, the preanal spine has two points, one shorter than the other.
Gren. EUPHAUSIA, Dana.
Euphausia, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 637.
H., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 111.
H., Hansen, Bull, Mus. Océanogr. Monaco, No. 30, p. 11. #., Hansen, Bull. Mus. Océanogr. Monaco, No, 42, p. 7. H., Hansen, Schizopoda, Siboga Exp., p. 89.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 397
KUPHAUSIA KROHNII (Brandt). 1851. Thysanopoda krohnii, Brandt, Middendorff's Sibirische Reise, vol, ii., pt. 1, p. 127, 1863. Huphausia miillert, Claus, Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., vol. xiii., p. 444, pl. 28, figs. 29-31, pl. 29. 1885, E. pellucida (part), Sars (not Dana), Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol. xiii., p. 75, pls. 11, 12.
Among various localities for this species Sars gives ‘‘ South of Cape of Good Hope.’ But ior his identification of the species with Dana’s H. pellucida I may refer to my remarks in Proc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1900, p. 538, and to those of H. J. Hansen under the next reference, which leave it doubtful what was the species actually taken south of the Cape.
1905. E. muliert, Hansen, Bull. Mus. Océanogr. Monaco, No. 42, pe ee
In a preliminary discussion Hansen discards Dana’s E. pellucida as unrecognisable, and further says: ‘ According to the description and the figures of Sars, H. pellucida, G. O. S., is distinguished by possessing two pairs of lateral denticles on the carapace, while only one pair or no denticle at allis found in the other forms of the genus. But I have four excellent species with two pairs of lateral denticles, each of these species from a large number (more than twenty) stations, and judging from the list of stations given by Sars and from his enumerations of synonyms I am sure that he has mixed together at least three of these species. Dana figures E. pellucida as a very slender species with small eyes; if his figures be tolerably correct, none of my four species can be referred to that form.”
1906. E. miiller?, Holt and Tattersall, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1904; V. [1906], p. 6. 1910. H. krohnii, Hansen, Schizopoda, Siboga Exp., pt. 37, p. 90.
EUPHAUSIA LUCENS, Hansen.
1885. Huphausia splendens, Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol, xii., p. 80, pl. 13, figs. 7-17.
‘Off Cape of Good Hope.” Sars himself doubtfully refers
this species to the form so named by Dana, and in Proc.
Zool. Soe., 1900, p. 539, I have dwelt on the difficulties of identification.
398
1905.
1885.
1900.
1906. 1910.
1905.
TOLO!
1883.
Annals of the South African Musewm.
i. lucens, Hansen, Bull. Mus. Océanogr. Monaco, No. 42, Dine:
Hansen observes that ‘‘ the Copenhagen Museum possesses numerous specimens from three places south of or far south- west of the Cape of Good Hope and from various localities in the Pacific.”” He thinks that H. splendens, Dana, may be identical with H. miilleri, Claus, but wishing to avoid further confusion, he concludes: ‘‘I will cancel Dana’s species as unrecognisable; for the species described by Sars as H. splendens I propose the name FH. lucens.”’
KUPHAUSIA SIMILIs, Sars. Huphausia similis, Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol (xu, ‘pi 79> pl. dasehiges: 1b: EH. sumilis, Stebbing, Pr. Zool. Soc. London, p. 544.
In 1905 Holt and Tattersall (Fisheries, Ireland, p. 134) say that ‘‘ The International lists contain a record of the occur- rence of H. semilis’’ off the Cape of Good Hope, Schott being the authority. The name similis apparently refers to the similarity between this species and that which Sars described as EH, pellucida, including his EH. bidentata, now identified with EH. krohnit.
H. s., Coutiére, Exp. Antarectique francaise, Schizopodes, p. 7. HE. s., Hansen, Schizopoda, Siboga Exp., pt. 37, p. 94.
EUPHAUSIA RECURVA, Hansen. Euphausia recurva, Hansen, Bull. Mus. Océanogr. Monaco, No. 42, pp. 11, 13. “Tt is common in the area between lat. 30° S. and lat. 40° S. from the Cape of Good Hope to about long. 100° EK.”
Gren. PSEUDEUPHAUSIA, Hansen. Pseudeuphausia, Hansen, Schizopoda, Siboga Exp., pt. 37, p. 103. The distinction from Huphausia is drawn from characters of the carapace, the fifth perzeopods, the female ovisac, and the first pleopods of the male.
* PSEUDEUPHAUSIA LATIFRONS (Sars).
Euphausia latifrons, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. Christian., Now; ps, 2:
1883.
1905.
1906.
1851.
1885.
1883.
1885.
1905
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 399
5. H. l., Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol. xiii., p. 95,
pl. 16, figs. 17-23.
. &. 1., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 112.
No. 33, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, and reported as occurring in great numbers N. 10° W. of Cape St. Blaize, distant 33 miles.
. H. 1., Tattersall, Herdman’s Pearl Fisheries, Suppl. Rep. 33,
p. 16 pl ib ehes, i 2:
. fi. 1., Hansen, Revue Suisse de. Zoologie, vol. xvi., fase. 2.
p. 158.
. Pseudeuphausia l., Hansen, Schizopoda, Siboga Exp., pt. 37,
p. 103, pl. 15, figs. 1 a-d.
Gen. NYCTIPHANES, Sars.
3. Nyctiphanes, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. Christian., No. 7,
p- 23.
. N., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 118. . N., Holt and Tattersall, Fisheries, Ireland, No. 4, app. to pt. ye
p. 103.
* NYCTIPHANES AUSTRALIS, Sars. Nyctiphanes australis, Sars, Vid. Selsk.; Forhandl. Christian., INU (Gy Deas N. a., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 113. No. 22, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from a depth of 73 m., off Cape St. Blaize, distant 10 miles. N. a., Holt and Tattersall, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1904, V. [1906], p. 49.
Gren. THYSANOKESSA, Brandt.
Thysanoessa (sub-gen.), Brandt, in von Middendorff’s sibirische Reise, Krebse, p. 52. T., Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol. xiii., pp. 63, 119.
THYSANOESSA GREGARIA, Sars.
Thysanoessa gregaria, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. Christian., No: 7, ps 26. T. g., Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol. xiii., p. 120, pl. 21, figs. 8-17, pl. 22. South of Cape of Good Hope. T. g., Hansen, Bull. Mus. Océanogr. Monaco, No. 42, pp. 27, 28.
400
1883.
1885. 1905.
1883.
1885.
1905.
1883.
1885.
1883.
1893. 1905.
1908.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Gen. NEMATOSCELIS, Sars.
Nematoscelis, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. Christian., No. 7, Oath
N., Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol. xiii., pp. 63, 126.
N., Hansen, Bull. Mus. Océanogr. Monaco, No. 42, p. 28.
NEMATOSCELIS TENELLA, Sars.
Nematoscelis tenella, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. Christian., Now 7, p. 28: N. t., Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol. xiii., p. 133, pl. 25, figs. 5-7. “South of the Cape of Good Hope.” N. t., Hansen, Bull. Mus. Océanogr. Monaco, No. 42, p. 30.
Gren. STYLOCHEIRON, Sars.
Stylocheiron, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. Christian., No. 7, p. 29. S., Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol. xiii., pp. 63, 126.
STYLOCHEIRON LONGICORNE, Sars.
Stylocheiron longicorne, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. Christian., No. 7, p. 32. “Hab. Off the Cape of Good Hope (19de December 1873). 1 specimen (mounted). Length 9 mm.
d. S.l., Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol. xiii., p. 144,
pl. 27, igo.
‘“One specimen only of this form, a female, is found in the collection, mounted in Canada balsam on a glass slide. The specimen measures in length 9 mm.” Sars further states that it “was obtained at the surface of the sea, in the follow- ing locality :—Date. December 14, 1873. Locality. South of Cape of Good Hope.” It is evident that the same specimen is intended under the two different dates. The Challenger was in Simon’s Bay from the 12th to the 17th of December, and on the latter date left the Bay for the southern cruise at 6.30 a.m.
S.1., Ortmann, Schizop. Plankton Exp., vol. ii., p. 18.
S. suhmiw, Hansen, Bull. Mus. Océanogr. Monaco, No. 30, p. 30.
S. s.; Gy BH. Fowler, Trans. Linny Soe: ‘Zool? Set: 2; vol. xi, pt. 4, pp. 112, 116, 129.
1908. TOTO.
1863.
1883.
1893. 1908.
11909.
1883.
1885. 1902. 1908. 1909.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 401
S. longicorne, Hansen, Ingolf Malacostraca, p. 92. S. 1, Hansen, Schizopoda, Siboga Exp., pt. 37, p. 120, pl. 16, figs. 5, a—b.
Tre MYSIDACHA.
Mysidea, Claus, Zeitsch. wiss. Zool., vol. xiii., pt. 3, p. 442.
Mysidacea, Boas, Morphologisches Jahrbuch, vol. viii., pt. 4, p. 487.
M., Ortmann, Schizopoda Plankton Exp., vol. ii., pp. 6, 21.
M., Hansen, Belgica Schizopoda, p. 12, and Ingolf Malacos- traca, p. 93.
M., Calman, Crustacea, in Lankester’s Treatise on Zoology, pi. 7, tase. 3,, ps Silt
Faminy LOPHOGASTRIDA.
Lophogastride, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. Christian., No. 7, jonny
L., Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol. xiii., pp. 10, 13.
L., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 43.
L., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 42.
ZL., Calman, Crustacea, in Lankester’s Treatise on Zoology, pt. 7, fase.-3, p. 181.
Gen. LOPHOGASTER, Michael Sars.
57. Lophogaster, M. Sars, Forh. Skand. Naturf. Méde i Christiania,
1856, p. 160.
. L., Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 43.
* TOPHOGASTER Typicus, Michael Sars.
57. Lophogaster typicus, M. Sars, Forh. Skand. Naturf. Mode i,
Christiania, 1856, p. 160.
5. L. t., G. O. Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol. xiii.,
p. 14, pl. 1, figs. 1-7.
Taken by the Challenger Expedition, south of the Cape of Good Hope, lat. 34° 41’ S., long. 18° 36’ E., from a depth of 179 m., and lat. 35° 4’ S., long. 18° 37’ E., from a depth of 274 m.
402 Annals of the South African Musewm.
1902. L. t., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 43. No. 138, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, was obtained from a depth of 73 m., Cape St. Blaize, NE. by N. 4 N., distant 114 miles. 1906. L.t., Ortmann, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. xxxi., p. 23.
Gren. GNATHOPHAUSIA, von Willemoes Suhm.
1875. Gnathophausia, von Willemoes Suhm, Trans. Linn. Soc., per, 2, Vol. a, ps 28.
1906. G., Illig, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. xxx., pp. 227, 319.
1908. G., Stebbing, 8.4. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 42.
1908. G., Hansen, Ingolf Malacostraca, p. 93.
1910. G., Hansen, Schizopoda, Siboga Exp., pt. 37, p. 17.
* GNATHOPHAUSIA CALCARATA, Sars. 1883. Gnathophausia calcarata, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. Christian., Noi; pio: . 1908. G. c., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 43. No. 229, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, was obtained between 1,327 and 1,463 m. depth, Cape Point. NE. 2 E., 40 miles distant.
Faminy ANCHIALINIDA.
1906. Gastrosaccide, Norman and Scott, Crustacea of Devon and Cornwall, p. 24.
1909. Gastrosaccine, Calman, Crustacea, in Lankester’s Treatise on Zoology, pt. 7, fase. 3, p. 182.
1910. G., Hansen, Schizopoda, Siboga Exp., pt. 37, pp. 12, 50.
As Anchialus, Kroyer, 1861, is the earliest of the five or six genera assigned to this subdivision of the family Myside, it should be the foundation of the family name. Anchialus being preoccupied gives place to Anchialina, Norman and Seott, 1906.
Gen. ANCHIALINA, Norman and Scott.
1861. Anchialus (preoce.), Kroyer, Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, Ser. 3, yol. 1, p. 03:
1885. A., Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol. xiii, pp. Lio; 192.
Sars here refers Kroyer’s genus to the second series of the
Nat. Tidsskrift, instead of the third as correctly given in his
Mediterranean Myside, 1877.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. + 403
1893. d., Ortmann, Schizopoda Plankton Exp., vol. ii., p. 22.
1906. Anchialina, Norman and Scott, Crustacea of Devon and Cornwall, p. 24.
1910. A., Hansen, Schizopoda, Siboga Exp., pt. 37, p. 50.
ANCHIALINA TRUNCATA (Sars).
1883. Anchialus truncatus, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. Christian., Noni 8S: 1885. A. typicus, Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, Reports, vol. xiii., p. 193, pl. 34, figs. 4-24. ‘Taken at the surface of the sea off Cape of Good Hope,” lat. 34° 41’ §., long. 18° 36’ E. 1910. Anchialina truncata, Hansen, Schizopoda, Siboga Exp., pt. 37, pp. ol, 53: Hansen remarks: ‘A. truncata G. O. Sars = A. typica G. O. Sars (not Kroyer) differs from the real A. typica Kr. in a number of features. The frontal plate is a little longer with the transverse, straight terminal margin; the eye-stalks seem to be shorter; the protruding part of the fifth joint of the male gnathopods is more removed from the distal end of the joint; the sixth joint of the first pair of the thoracic legs in the male is quite different, being divided into 3 sub- joints with about 11 long, cylindrical setz distributed along the distal two-fifths of the interior margin of the joint and on its end; the pseudobranchial plate of the male pleopods has the outer angle sharp and setose; finally the exopod of third pleopods (not fourth pair, as stated by Sars) is extremely different, resembling much more a normal ramus.”
Faminry MYSIDA.
1910. Mysine, Hansen, Schizopoda, Siboga Exp., pt. 37, pp. 12, 62. Hansen subdivides this family or sub-family into four tribes, which he calls Erythropin, Leptomysint, Mysini, and Heteromysim. Caesaromysis and Katerythrops are placed in
the first of these groups, Leptomysis is in the second.
Gren. CHISAROMYSIS, Ortmann. 1893. Cesaromysis, Ortmann, Schizopoda Plankton Exp., vol. ii., pp. 22, 24. 1905. C., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 114.
404
1893.
1905.
1905.
1906.
1869.
1876.
1906.
LST. 1825. 1825.
1829.
1843.
1886.
1902.
1910.
Annals of the South African Museum.
* CMSAROMYSIS HISPIDA, Ortmann. Cesaromysis hispida, Ortmann, Schizopoda Plankton Exp., Vol. “il, p. 24, pl, lf oiigss-G@-o. 0, 2: C. h., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 115. No. 102, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, was obtained from a depth of 347 m., Lion’s Head S. 72° E., distant 47 miles.
Gen. KATERYTHROPS, Holt and Tattersall.
Katerythrops, Holt and Tattersall, Rep. Fish. Ireland, 1902-3, pt. 2, app. 4, p. 117.
KATERYTHROPS DACTYLOPS, Illig.
Katerythrops dactylops, Illig, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. xxx., p. 198, figs. A, B, in text. Taken NW. from Cape Town, in 1,800 m. depth, Valdivia Expedition.
Gren. LEPTOMYSIS, Sars. Leptonvysis, Sars, Undersogelser Christianiafjordens Dybvands- fauna, p. 29. L., Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. ii., p. 36.
LEPTOMYSIS CAPENSIS, Illig. Leptomysis capensis, Illig, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. xxx., p. 206, figs. A—D, in text. From comparatively small depths (80-100 m.) on the Agulhas Bank; Valdivia Expedition.
STOMATOPODA.
Stomapoda, Latreille, Le Régne Animal, vol. 1ii.
S., Latreille, Fam. Nat. du Régne Animal, p. 282.
S., Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust., p. 246.
S., Latreille, Le Régne Animal, éd. 2, vol. iv., p. 101.
Stomatopoda, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 60.
S., Brooks, Challenger Stomatopoda, Reports, vol. xvi., pt. 46.
S., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 44, and 1908, pt. 4, p. 44.
‘« Stomatopoden,’ Giesbrecht, F. und Fl. Golfes von Neapel, vol. xxxil., Bibliography, pp. 232-237.
1803. 1825. 1880. 1905.
1908. 1909.
1793. 1902.
1902.
LOL:
1837.
1894.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 405
Famity SQUILLIDA.
Squillares, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., vol. vi., p. 270.
Unipeltata, Latreille, Fam. Nat. du Régne Animal, p. 283.
Squillide, Miers, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, vol. v., pp. 1, 108.
Chloridellide, M. J. Rathbun, Occasional Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., No. 7, p. 29.
Squillide, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 44.
S., Calman, Crustacea, in Lankester’s Treatise on Zoology, pt. 7, fase. 3, p. 331.
GEN. SQUILLA, J. C. Fabricius.
Squilla, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., vol. ii., p. 511. Chloridella, M. J. Rathbun, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxvi., p. 54 footnote.
Miss Rathbun considers that Sqwilla, Fabricius, 1793, was preoccupied by O. F. Miller in 1776 for a genus of Amphi- poda. But Miiller’s Squwilla ventricosa is a synonym of Slabber’s Phtisica marina, 1769, so that Syuclla, Miiller, cannot be upheld, and yet it does not seem reasonable that a name which had long been common property, as it were, should lapse through a casual misappropriation. Seba’s Squilla mantis, vol. 11. of his Thesauri, 1760, sufficiently justi- fied Fabricius in his own day, though now open to eavil, as coming from an authority not consistently binomial. Squilla, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 45, and 1908, pt. 4,
p. 44. S., Giesbrecht, F. und Fl. Golfes von Neapel, vol. xxxiii., pp. 2, 56.
SQUILLA NEPA, Latreille.
. Squilla nepa, Latreille, Eneycl. Méth. Hist. Nat., vol. x.,
p. 471.
. S.n., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 44.
Specimens, sent by Mr. J. F. Quekett, from Durban waters.
* Squi~ta arMaTA, Milne-Edwards.
Squilla armata, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 021. S. a, Bigelow, Pr: U:S. Mius:, vols xvil, p, oid; figs 9; 10;
in text.
406
1902.
1852. 1902. 1910.
1793. 1852. 1902.
1895.
1880. 1886. 1895.
Annals of the South African Museum.
S. a., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 40. No. 78, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from 82 m. depth, Cape Point Lighthouse NW. by W. 4 W., distant 72 miles.
Gren. LYSIOSQUILLA, Dana.
Lystosquilla, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 610.
L., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 46.
L., Giesbrecht, F. und FI. Golfes von Neapel, vol. xxxiii., pp. 2, 52.
LysIOSQUILLA MACULATA (Fabricius).
Squlla maculata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., vol. u., p. d11. Lysiosquilla m., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 616. I. m., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 46.
Specimen, sent through Dr. Gilchrist, from Durban Museum, taken in Durban waters.
LySIOSQUILLA CAPENSIS, Hansen.
Lysiosquilla capensis, Hansen, Stomatopoden Plankton Exp., pe
Hansen gives a brief provisional description of this species by saying that it ‘‘is easy to distinguish from all others by its possessing 14 teeth besides the terminal one on the finger [of the raptorial claw], 7 spines on the uropod and a telson shaped as in Lysiosquilla maculata (Fabricius). One specimen from Port Elizabeth in the Museum at Strassburg.
Gen. GONODACTYLUS, Latreille.
. Gonodactylus, Latreille, Eneycl. Méth. Hist. Nat., vol. x.,
p. 473. G., Miers, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, vol. v., p. 115. G., Brooks, Challenger Stomatopoda, Reports, vol. xvi., p. 55. G., Hansen, Stomatopoden Plankton Exp., p. 86.
GONODACTYLUS CHIRAGRA (Fabricius).
. Squilla chiragra, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., vol. i1., p. 518.
Gonodactylus chiragrus, Latreille, Encycl. Méth., vol. x., p. 473, pl. 325, fig. 2.
. G.c., Krauss, Stidafrik. Crust., p. 60.
Krauss says: ‘According to the description by Milne- Edwards in his Hist. nat. des Crustac., vol. ., p. 528, the
1880. 1886.
1898. 1903.
1818. 1825. 1871.
1886.
1895. 1910.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 407
specimens which I have brought home undoubtedly belong to this species which is distributed in all warm seas; with the illustrations known to me, however, some details do not quite agree. The little plate in the middle of the frontal margin and at the base of the eyes is broad, rounded at the corners and in the middle ending in a spine. The 6 rather long rounded prominences on the penultimate segment of the abdo- men do not end behind in a long sharp spine, the 3 much larger prominences on the last segment are not armed with marginal teeth and the gap on the hind margin is wider and in the middle incised. This species when alive is beautifully marbled in green and yellowish tints and violet on the prong of the raptorial feet. It is ratherrare at Natal Point. Length 24 inches.” G. chiragra, Miers, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, vol. v., p. 18. G. c., Brooks, Challenger Stomatopoda, Reports, vol. xvi., p. 56, pl. 15, fig. 4. G. c., Borradaile, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 33. G. c., Lanchester, Fauna Mald. and Laccadive Arch., vol. 1., pt. 4, p. 444.
Mr. Lanchester supplies many bibliographical references and gives fifteen varietal names, among which his var. tumidus seems best to satisfy the description above translated from Krauss.
LARVAL SQUILLIDA.
Gen. ALIMA, Leach. Alima, Leach, Journ. Phys., vol. lxxxvi., p. 305. A., Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust., p. 253. A., Claus, Abhandl. k. Gesellsch. Wiss. Gottingen, vol. xvi.,
jo Ua A., Brooks, Challenger Stomatopoda, Reports, vol. xvi., pp: 81, &e.
A., Hansen, Stomatopoden Plankton-Exp., pp. 64, &e. A., Giesbrecht, F. und Fl. Golfes von Neapel, vol. xxxiil., pp: 122; 147.
Giesbrecht gives as the leading feature of the Squwella (Alima) group of larve that the telson has four or more spines between the second lateral spine and the spine of the hinder angle.
408 Annals of the South African Musewn.
ALIMA BIDENS, Claus.
1871. Alima bidens, Claus, Abhandl. k. Gesellsch. Wiss. Gottingen, vol. xvi., p. 152, pl. 8, fig. 34. 1886. A. b., Brooks, Challenger Stomatopoda, Reports, vol. xvi., PAL pee hisse lee? From the Cape of Good Hope.
Gren. ERICHTHUS, Latreille.
1817. Hrichthus, Latreille, Le Régne Animal, vol. ili., p. 43.
1837. H., Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 499.
1910. H., Giesbrecht, F. und Fl. Golfes von Neapel, vol. xxxiii., pp. 122, 148.
To distinguish Hrichthus larve from the preceding Alima eroup, Giesbrecht states that they have only 1 spine between the second lateral spine and the spine of the hinder angle. It may be observed that examples of both these groups were obtained by Dr. Gilchrist in the Pieter Faure, but the discussion of the Alima-forms must be deferred. The genus Erichthus has been subdivided, so that for the larve of Lysiosquilla Brooks uses the term Lystoerichthus, which Hansen has modified, conveniently but perhaps not legitimately, into Lysierichthus.
* LYSIERICHTHUS DUVAUCELLII (Guérin).
1836 ? Hrichtus duvaucellu, Guérin, Iconographie du Régne Animal, pl. 24, figs. 3, 8a. In Texte Descriptif, p. 19 (1843) Hrichthus duvaucelit.
1895. Lysierichthus duvaucellii, Hansen, Stomatopoden Plankton- Exp., p. 74.
From lat. 32° 30' S., long. 15° E. Hansen explains that this is the larva of Lystosquilla maculata (Fabricius).
1910. L. d., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 110, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from about 549 mm. depth, Table Mountain E. by §., distant 40 miles. The specimen agrees completely with Guérin’s figure, except that the broad space between the hind corner teeth of the telson has no median indent and is quite unarmed.
LySIERICHTHUS TRIANGULARIS (Milne-Edwards).
1837. Hrichthus triangularis, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol, i., p. 502.
1895.
1895.
1900.
1901.
1906.
1908.
1901. 1904. 1905.
1907. 1908.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 409
Lysierichthus t., Hansen, Stomatopoden Plankton Exp., p. 74. From lat. 30° 50’ S., long. 16° E.
LYSIERICHTHUS PULCHER, Hansen.
Lysierichthus pulcher, Hansen, Stomatopoden Plankton Exp.,
p. 74. From lat. 32° 30’ S., long. 18° E. The larval form of Lysiosquilla capensis, Hansen.
SYMPODA.
Sympoda, Stebbing, in Willey’s Zoological Results, pt. 5,
pp. 606, 609.
S., T. Scott, Brit. Assoc. Handbook Nat. Hist. Glasgow, p. 332.
S., Norman and Scott, Crustacea of Devon and Cornwall, Pp. 29.
S., Stappers, Arch. Zool. expér. et générale., vol. viii., p. 98.
Under the first reference the reasons are given for rejecting the older name Cumacea. Now that the generic name Cuma is abandoned, it would surely be well to avoid using it in fresh compounds. ‘The history of the name gives it no great claim to sympathy, and, if it ever had one, it has been already almost over-employed in the formation of derivative names, such as Pseudocumide and Ceratocumide, for which should properly be read Pseudocumatide and Ceratocumatidee. In Cuma, the Greek word for an embryo, Milne-Edwards seems to have embalmed his erroneous notion that these forms were all embryonic.
Famity BODOTRIIDA.
Bodotriide, T. Scott, Nineteenth Ann. Rep. Fishery Scotland, p. 273.
B., Calman, in Herdman’s Pearl Fisheries, Suppl. Rep. 12, p. 160.
B., Calman, Siboga Exp., pt. 36, p. 3.
B., Calman, Trans. Zool. Soc., vol. xvili., pt. 1, p. 3.
B., Zimmer, Valdivia Exp., vol. viii., p. 159.
The close connexion between this family and_ the Vauntompsoniide has been pointed out by Dr. Hansen 28
410
1843. 1900. 1901. 1905.
1907.
1910.
1856.
1899.
1905. 1908.
1895.
Annals of the South African Museum.
and Dr. Calman. Within the family itself Dr. Calman has shown that the genera Cyclaspis and Bodotria are at certain points with difficulty separable. Similarly the new species about to be described as [phinoé zimmert has mouth-organs agreeing with those figured by Sars for Bodotria arenosa, Goodsir, which, as I pointed out in 1893 (History of Crustacea, p. 302), is distinct from B. scorpioides (Montagu). Further, the new species agrees with Bodotria in having the first pedigerous segment inconspicuous. On the other hand, it agrees with Jphinoé in that the carapace is without lateral keels, the peduncles of the uropods are not longer than the rami, and the inner ramus has the second joint much longer than the first, which is apparently not the case in any hitherto accepted species of Bodotria.
GEN. BODOTRIA, Goodsir.
Bodotria, Goodsir, Edinburgh New Philosophical Journ., VOls-xxxiv,, pp: 1203128.
B., Stebbing, in Willey’s Zoological Results, pt. 5, p. 610.
B., T. Scott, Nineteenth Ann. Rep. Fishery, Scotland, p. 273.
B., Calman, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1904, pt. 4, p. 13
B., Calman, Trans. Zool. Soc., vol. xviil., pt. 1, p. 3.
* Boporria sp.
Bodotria sp., S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 83, a single small specimen, probably not adult, obtained by Dr. Gilchrist, lat. 32°53’ 30''S., long. 28° 11'00” E.; depth 75 m.
Grn. IPHINOH, Bate. Iphinoé, Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, vol. xviii., p. 187. I., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. iii., p. 12. I., Calman, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1904, pt. 4, p. 16. Iphinoe, Zimmer, Valdivia Exp., vol. viii., pt. 38, p. 162.
* TpHINOE BREVIPES, Hansen.
Iphinoé brevipes, Hansen, Isop. Cumac. und Stomat. der Plankton Exp., vol. ii., p. 54, pl. 5, figs. 5, 5a—h. Hansen’s largest specimen was an adult male 8°6 mm. long, from the Gulf of Guinea.
1908.
1910.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 411
I. africana, Zimmer, Valdivia Exp., vol. viii., pt. 3, p. 163, pl. 37, figs. 17-83.
Zimmer describes a female specimen, 12 mm. long, from Great Fish Bay.
I. brevipes, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
Nos. 78, 86, 120, 127, 131, the localities being respectively lat. 33° 54’ 15" 8., long. 25° 53’ 30” E., depth 57 m.; St. Francis Bay, lat. 34° 3’ 20" S., long. 25° 10’ E., depth 62 m.; off Buffalo Bay, Cape Point Lighthouse SW. by W. 34 miles depth 58 m.; Sebastian Bluff NW. by N. 34 miles, depth 5dm.; and Sebastian Bluff WNW. 2 miles, depth 44m. The specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist from these stations are well- grown males together with females carrying numerous eggs. I have not been able to detect on any the longitudinal medio- dorsal row of denticles described and figured by Zimmer as beginning behind the eye-lobe and extending half the length of the carapace, but in all other respects it seems impossible to fix on any specific character to separate our specimens either from I. africana or the earlier I. brevipes. In size, however, they as a rule greatly exceed those of the earlier description. A male from station 120 measures 15mm. in length from front to end of the telsonic segment, and a female from the same locality is 18 mm. long. Hansen notices the extreme slender- ness of this species, the uncommon length of the second joint in the third maxillipeds, and the short stumpy structure of the second leg. It is perhaps common to the genus, and is certainly not confined to it, to show a sexual distinction in the fourth thoracic segment. In the male the sides below have a lobe produced forward into a correspondent cavity of the preceding segment, whereas in the female a hind lobe of the third segment is produced backward into a cavity of the segment which follows.
* TPHINOH ZIMMERI, N. sp. Plate XLIV.
The present species has at first sight some resemblance to Iphinoé robusta, Hansen, from the Gulf of Guinea, but on examination any close resemblance vanishes. As in that species the pseudo-rostrum is short, and when slightly bent down presents almost a truncate front, but there are none of the median or lateral furrows which distinguish the male of J. robusta, and the differences
412 Annals of the South African Museum.
in the appendages are important, especially as regards the second pereeopods and the inner ramus of the uropods.
The eyes are obscure. The first antennz have a large geniculate first joint, exceeding in length the two following combined; the third is only a little longer than the second. The second antenne have the long joint of the peduncle and the preceding short one thickly fringed. The branchial leaflets of the first maxillipeds are numerous. The second maxillipeds have the long second joint rather abruptly narrowed distally. In the third maxillipeds the fourth joint is produced broadly but distally pointed, the fifth joint is very much widened distally, the two following joints being narrow. The second joint of the first pereeopods nearly but not quite equals in length the remainder of the limb, and is subequal in length to the small second pereeopod. In that limb the second joint is widest distally, the very short third joint being abruptly narrower. The uropods have a peduncle subequal to the rami, of which the outer is fringed on the inner margin with slightly plumose sete and tipped with three spines, one much longer than the others; the inner ramus has a first joint about half as long as the second and much stouter, fringed with ten pectinate spines, the apical much the longest; the second joint has the inner margin fringed with a dozen more or less pectinate spines, the lowest of which is the largest, at some distance from the apex; between it and the inward-pointing spine at the apex the joint tapers and carries on its inner margin 8 spinules, in this feature differing much from the male of J. robusta. The length of the specimen was 9mm. That of J. robusta is given as 6:2 mm. A specimen of the present species, 5 mm. in length, devoid of pleopods, has uropods agreeing in armature with Hansen’s species.
No. 83, obtained by Dr. Gilchrist, in lat. 32° 53’ 30” 5S., long. 28° 11' 00” E., from depth of 75 m.
The specific name is chosen out of respect to Dr. Carl Zimmer, who has excellently worked out the results of the Valdivia Expedition for this group.
* TPHINOE CRASSIPES, Hansen. Plate XLV.
1895. Iphinoé crassipes, Hansen, Isop., Cumac. und Stomat. der Plankton Exp., p. 53, pl. 6, figs. 4, 4a-f.
Hansen’s single specimen was a young male, only 3°2 mm.
long, from the Gulf of Guinea. Nevertheless his figures and
description leave practically no doubt that the fully developed
1865.
1887. 1893. 1899. 1904.
1905. 1907. 1908.
1908.
LOO:
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 413
male obtained by Dr. Gilchrist belongs to the same species. The pseudo-rostrum is upturned, the distal margins in dorsal view together forming a semicircular cavity, the produced outer corners carrying convergent tufts of sete. The eye- lobe is rounded and the eye shows ten components, two central, close together, set round with eight at small intervals. The first antennz have the third joint considerably longer than the second and as long as the slightly geniculate third; the principal flagellum, though very short, carries a group of about eight subequal filaments on the side of the basal joint, and distally two that are much longer but that are themselves surpassed in length by a curved apical spine. The third maxillipeds are in close agreement with Hansen’s figure, but, as might be expected, the armature of the uropod is very much more developed. The specimen was 8 mm. in length, and was obtained along with Iphinoé zimmeri.
GEN. CYCLASPIS, Sars.
Cyclaspis (misprinted Cyclapis), Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forh. Christiania for 1864, p. 206 (81).
C., Sars, Challenger Cumacea, Reports, vol. xix., pt. 55, p. 11.
C., Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 302.
C., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, pt. 2, p. 15.
C., Calman, in Herdman’s Pearl Fishery, Suppl. Rep. 12, p: LGr.
C., Calman, Siboga Exp., pt. 36, p. 3.
C., Calman, Trans. Zool. Soc., vol. xviii., pt. 1, p. 6.
C., Zimmer, Valdivia Exp., vol. viii., p. 160.
CYCLASPIS SPECTABIUIS, Zimmer. &
Cyclaspis spectabilis, Zimmer, Valdivia Exp., vol. vii., pp. 157, 158; Lei; pl. i. Obtained by the Valdivia in lat. 35° 9’ §., long. 18° 32’ E from a depth of 565 m.
* CYCLASPIS sp. Cyclaspis sp., S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 83, a specimen, female, about 6 mm. long, obtained by Dr. Gilchrist in lat, 32° 53' 30" 8., long. 28° 11' 00" E., depth 75 m., belongs to the group in which the palp of the first maxille terminates in two sete, thus differing from the pre-
414
1894.
1904.
1880.
1904.
1510:
1882. 1887.
1908. 1908.
1882.
1908.
Annals of the South African Musewm.
ceding species which has only one seta in this position. The lower lip is without the strong apical teeth mentioned by Sars in his definition of this genus, and found also in some species of Iphinvé. In several respects the specimen agrees with the much larger C. spectabilis, but the carapace is hairy instead of smooth, and so many parts were clogged by extraneous matters that they were unfavourable for minute description.
GEN. HOCUMA, Marcusen.
Hocuma, Marcusen, Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft natur- forschende Freunde zu Berlin, p. 170, and Hilgendorf, bide py Lil.
&., Calman, in Herdman’s Pearl Fishery, Suppl. Rep. 12, p. 160.
* Kocuma sarsi (Kossmann).
Cyclaspis sarsu, Kossmann, Zool. Ergebn. des rothen Meeres, vol. ii., p. 88, pl. 4, fig. 3.
Hocwma s., Calman, in Herdman’s Pearl Fishery, Suppl. Rep. 12, pp. 161, 166, pl. 2, figs. 35-38.
H. s., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 85, a specimen, male, 7 mm. long, was obtained by Dr. Gilchrist in lat. 32° 53’ 30” S., long. 28° 11' 00" E., depth 75 m. The proportions agree well with Kossmann’s figure. The lateral cornua are blunt, and the longitudinal ridges that succeed the single median ridge are near together, distally curving outwards.
Famity LAMPROPIDAL.
Lampropide, Sars, Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. Christiania, No. 18, ps das
L., Sars, Challenger Cumacea, Reports, vol. xix., pt. 55, p. 25.
L., Calman, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1904, p. 41.
L., Zimmer, Valdivia Exp., vol. viii., p.-169.
Gen. HEMILAMPROPS, Sars.
Hemilamprops, Sars, Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. Christiania, No. 18, joey due aloe H., Zimmer, Valdivia Exp., vol. viii., p. 171.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 415
HEMILAMPROPS PELLUCIDA, Zimmer.
1908. Hemilamprops pellucida, Zimmer, Valdivia Exp., vol. viii., p. 172, pls. 39, 40, figs. 53-59. Specimens taken in lat. 35° 9’ S., long. 18° 32’ E., outside the Agulhas Bank, from a depth of 564 m.
Faminy DICIDA, n.
For the characteristics see the discussion under the new genus, to receive which the new family is proposed.
Gen. DIC, n.
Third and fourth pedigerous segments of the trunk dorsally coalesced. Telson elongate, almost parallel-sided to the short triangular apex, which covers a pair of small anal valves. First antennee with large first joint, the flagella small, the accessory flagellum two-jointed, minute. Mandibles with large spine-row, molar well developed, accessory cutting-plate only on one member of the pair. First maxille with bisetose palp. First maxillipeds with row of strongly pectinate spines bordering the antepenultimate joint; the branchial apparatus apparently without gill-sacs. Third maxillipeds with second joint much dilated distally and third joint exceptionally large. First and second perzeopods with well-developed swimming-branches ; third and fourth perseopods with these exopods conspicuous, but devoid of natatory sete. Pleon of male showing no trace of pleopods. Inner branch of uropods three-jointed.
In the coalescence of the third and fourth trunk-segments this genus agrees with Diastylopsis, 8. I. Smith; the remarkable telson scarcely differs from that of the species which Dr. Calman has pro- visionally named Diastylis twbulicauda; the lips, mandibles, first and second maxille, and to a great extent the first and second maxillipeds, resemble those structures as figured by Professor Sars for Hemilamprops rosea (Norman); the distally much-dilated second joint of the third maxillipeds occurs in Pachystylis rotundata, Hansen, in Paradiastylis brachyura, Calman, and elsewhere. If the affinities of the new genus may be considered to connect it either with the Lampropide or the Diastylide, in favour of the former alliance it may be said that there the branchial elements are scattered and much less fully developed than in the Diastylidz, and pleopods are sometimes wholly wanting in the male as well as the female. On the other hand, the inner ramus of the uropods is said to be always
416 Annals of the South African Musewm.
longer than the outer in the Lampropidx, whereas in our species the two rami are equal, and in D. twbhulicauda the inner ramus is much the shorter. Dr. Calman says of the last-named species: ‘The characters of this peculiar form do not coincide with those of any of the admitted genera of Diastylide.’’ I venture to think that it will prove to be a species of the new genus here instituted, and that the unique characters of the third maxillipeds and the telson justify the naming of a new family Dicide. In D. twhulicauda “the third and fourth thoracic somites are quite distinct from each other,” and the third maxillipeds have not been described.
The generic term here proposed is the literal Latin rendering of Say, the name of the American naturalist who, by his Diastylis in 1818, was the first to include any of the Sympoda in a distinctive genus, a scientific feat deserving honourable recognition.
* Dic CALMANI, nN. sp. Plates XLVI.z and XLVII.
The whole integument is covered with hexagonal markings, the hexagons irregular and unequal. Of the five exposed trunk-seg- ments the first is very short, the second and fifth not very long, the dorsally coalesced third and fourth with well-marked lateral sutures. The pleon is composed of six segments not very unequal, the fifth very little longer than the sixth, and a remarkably long telson. This equals in length the fourth, fifth, and sixth segments combined, and tapers very slightly to the little triangular apex, which is fringed with ten denticles, two of them apical. The dark contents of the intes- tinal canal in the specimen examined extended in a broad stripe to the valves attached at the base of the triangular apex.
Of the eye I cannot speak with certainty. At the apex of the true rostrum seen laterally a bright transparent tubercle gave the appear- ance of an ocular lens (or lenses), but the real character remained uncertain on dissection. The first antenne have a peduncle of three stout joints, the first the longest. Both flagella are very small, the accessory one minute, two-jointed, the principal four-jointed, the third joint tipped with two filaments longer than the flagellum. The more slender second antennz have a peduncle of three short and two fairly long joints, with an indistinctly five-jointed flagellum, about once and a half as long as the fifth joint of the peduncle. This appendage I take to be the partially developed antenna of a male specimen.
Upper lip faintly emarginate. Lower lip with subacute, inward pointing, setulose process at the apex of each lobe. One mandible
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 417
with quadridentate cutting edge, tridentate accessory plate, thirteen spines, and strong molar; the other with tridentate narrowly curved cutting plate, ten spines, and strong molar. The pectination of the spines differs on the two mandibles. The branchial apparatus of the first maxillipeds, so far as I could make out, has no digitiform or leaf-like gill elements. The fringe of spines on the antepenultimate joint of the endopod is remarkable for the breadth of the pectinate ends of four out of the six spines. The third maxillipeds at the dilated distal end of the long second joint have a set of unequal teeth at the apex of the inner margin and several sparsely plumose setee at the somewhat produced apex of the sinuous outer margin ; the third joint, instead of being as is usual rather small, is here at its base about as broad as the distal margin of the second joint, and its broadly rounded summit reaches the base of the sixth joint, thus constituting a feature not hitherto described for any species; the short fourth joint is attached in a sinus of the inner margin of the third, much nearer its base than its apex; the three remaining joints are narrow, much longer than broad.
The first pereeopods are between two and three times as long as the second, which are only subequal in length to the fifth pair, though with a much larger basal joint, and an exopod not much smaller than that of the first pair. In the third and-fourth pereo- pods, the exopods do not reach the end of the basal joint; they are devoid of setz and have only two minute apical setules. As the second antennze seem to be incompletely developed, the same may be the case with these exopods. In a very small specimen only rudiments of them could be with difficulty discerned.
The uropods, apart from their apical spines, are little longer than the telson; the peduncle is more than half as long as the telson. The outer ramus has on the outer margin of its second joint four spines with bifid apices, four small spines on its inner margin, two unequal spines on its apex, one of them elongate; the inner ramus has on its inner margin four spines to the first joint, three to the second, and three to the third followed by a long apical spine, which is not so long as the longer of the apical couple on the outer ramus.
Length of the specimen here described, in slightly bent position, 5mm. A specimen 2°75 mm. long was devoid of the fifth perzeopods.
Locality, lat. 32° 53’ 30” S., long. 28° 11’ 00” E., from depth of 75m. No. 83, obtained by Dr. Gilchrist.
The specific name is given out of respect to Dr. W. T. Calman, who has made so many valuable contributions to our knowledge of this group.
418
187
1887.
1908.
1818. 1908.
1908.
1908.
OHIO:
1817.
1896.
1881. 1895.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Famity DIASTYLIDA.
Diastylide, Sars, Kongl. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handlingar, vol. IX; NO; la speo.
D., Sars, Challenger Cumacea, Reports, vol. xix., pt. 55 pp. 7, 43.
D., Zimmer, Valdivia Exp., vol. viii., p. 181.
Grn. DIASTYLIS, Say. Diastylis, Say, J. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. i., p. 313. D., Zimmer, Valdivia Exp., vol. viii., p. 181.
DIASTYLIS HEXACEROS, Zimmer. Diastylis hexaceros, Zimmer, Valdivia Exp., vol. viii., p. 187, pl. 44, figs. 93-95. A specimen, female, was obtained in lat. 39° 9’ S., long. 18° 32' 8" E., south of Cape Agulhas, South Africa, outside the Agulhas Bank, in a depth of 565 m.
* DIASTYLIS ALGOX, Zimmer. Diastylis algoe, Zimmer, Valdivia Exp., vol. viii., p. 188, p's. 44, 45, figs. 96-108.
Two specimens, female, were obtained in Algoa Bay, from a depth of 40 m.
D. a., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 79, lat. 33° 49'S., long. 25° 56’ H., depth 44 m.; No. 127, Sebastian Bluff, NW. by N.4N. 34 miles, depth 55 m.; and No. 128, Sebastian Bluff, W. by N.4N. 4 miles, depth 51 m.; are stations from which specimens of this species were sent by Dr. Gilchrist.
ISOPODA.
Isopoda, Latreille, Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Histoire Naturelle, vol. xvi., p. 140, and Le Régne Animal, vol. 11., pp. xiv, 7, 48.
I., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. ii.
ISOPODA ANOMALA. Chelifera, Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. vii. Tanaidacea, Hansen, Isop. Plankton Exp., vol. ii., p. 49.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 419
1902. Isopoda anomala, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 48. 1909. Tanaidacea, Calman, Crustacea, in Lankester’s Treatise on Zoology, pt. 7, fase. 3, p. 190.
If the name of this group is to be founded on one of the included genera, it should be Apseudacea, since Apseudes, Leach, is much anterior to Tanats, Audouin and Milne-Edwards.
Famity APSHUDIDAN. 1881. Apseudide, Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. vii., pp. 6, 8.
Gren. APSEUDES, Leach.
1813. Apseudes, Leach, Edinb. Eneyel., vol. vii., p. 404. 1902. A., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 48.
* APSEUDES GROSSIMANUS, Norman. 1870. Apseudes grossimanus, Norman, Proc. Royal Soe., No. 125, pe Lowe 1902. A. g., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 48. No. 104, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from 229 m. depth, Lion’s Head S. 82° E., distant 27 miles, and No. 111, from 448 m. depth, Table Mountain, distant 41 miles east.
ISOPODA GENUINA. Tripet FLABELLIFERA.
Famiry ANTHURIDA.
Gren. ANTHURA, Leach. 1813. Anthura, Leach, Edinb. Encye., vol. vii., p. 387 (Anthoura, a misprint ?), pp. 404, 433, 435. 1886. A., Norman and Stebbing, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. xi, pt. 4, p. 121.
ANTHURA PUNCTATA, Stimpson. 1855. Anthura punctata, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., vol. vii., p. 392. «Anterior segments elongated and slender, the sixth
420 Annals of the South African Museum.
broadest, the seventh very short, and bearing a much smaller pair of legs than the others. Head scarcely narrower than the first thoracic segment, with a slight rostrum, and large black eyes at the anterior corners; the inferior antenne largest. The first three pairs of legs have much larger hands than the posterior ones; those of the first pair being somewhat shorter and thicker than the others. Color greyish above, from the numerous minute, black punctations; pale yellowish or whitish below. Length, 0°8 inch; breadth, 0°8 inch [evidently in- tended for 0°08 inch]. Found among Gorgoniz in the coral- line zone. Hab. Cape of Good Hope, at Simon’s Bay.”
ANTHURA CATENULA, Stimpson. 1855. Anthura catenula, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., vol, vii., p. 393.
“Very slender, whitish, with a hollow square of black on each segment above, giving a chain-like appearance to the back ; head smaller than the first thoracic segment; antenne rather long ; eyes black, at the anterior corners of the first square of color; anterior pair of legs short, thick, and with strong, subcheliform hands; remaining legs slender. Abdomen slightly depressed, with a black transverse bar, anda few symmetrically arranged black spots posteriorly. Length, 0°7 inch; breath [breadth], 0-06 inch. Found under stones at low-water mark. Hab. Cape of Good Hope, at Simon’s Bay.”
ANTHURA LEVIGATA, Stimpson.
1855. Anthura levigata, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., vol. vil, p. 393.
‘Body smooth and shining, transparent white, except a few crimson spots at the extremities. Head narrow; antenne small, flattened ; eyes minute, red. First three pairs of legs stout, with equal, subcheliform hands; posterior legs slender. Abdomen with its posterior funnel-shaped cavity large, and with its anterior segments well-marked. Length, 1 inch; breadth, 0-2 inch. On sandy bottoms in the circumlittoral zone. Hab. Cape of Good Hope, at Simon’s Bay.”
Other members of this family were obtained by the “‘ Pieter Faure,”’ but they are in need of fuller discussion than can here be conveniently supplied.
1880. 1905.
1908.
1815.
1890.
1883.
1890.
1818. 1890. 1902.
1840.
1890.
1890.
1902.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 421
Faminy HURYDICID A.
Cirolanide, Harger, Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1878, p. 304.
Hurydicide, Stebbing, Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish., pt. 4, Suppl. Rep. 23, p. 10.
H., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p.?45.
Gren. EURYDICEH, Leach. EHurydice, each, Trans. Linn. Soe. London, vol. xi., pe a0! H., Hansen, Cirolanide, p. 126, in Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Ser. 6, vol. v., p. 362.
EURYDICE LONGICORNIS (Studer).
Cirolana longicoriis, Studer, Abhandl. Kénigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1882, p. 28, pl. 2, fig. 15 a-c. Off Table Bay, in 91 m. depth.
Eurydice l., Hansen, Cirolanide, p. 139 (875).
Gen. CIROLANA, Leach. Cirolana, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xii., p. 347. C., Hansen, Cirolanide, p. 83 (319). C., Stebbing, S.A. Crust., pt. 2, p. 49.
CIROLANA HIRTIPES, Milne-Edwards. Crrolana hirtipes, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. iii., p. 236, pl. 31, figs. 25, 26. “From the Cape of Good Hope.” C. h., Hansen, Cirolanide, p. 90 (326), pl. 1, figs. 2-2. ‘Table Bay at the Cape.’ Krauss mentions this species, only to say tha he had not found it.
* CIROLANA SULCATA, Hansen. Cirolana sulcata, Hansen, Cirolanide, p. 100 (336), pl. 2, figs. 5—0e. ‘«Simon’s Bay at the Cape.” C. s., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 53. Sent by Dr. Gilchrist, No. 140. ‘Somerset West, shore; from ‘ Red Bait.’ ”
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* CIROLANA VENUSTICAUDA, Stebbing. Cirolana venusticauda, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 49, pl: 79:
Sent by Dr. Gilchrist, No. 140, ‘ from ‘Red Bait’ a large Ascidian), Somerset West, shore,” and No. 141 from ‘“ Table Bay.” This is probably the species which Krauss (Die Siid- afrikanischen Crustaceen, p. 66, 1843), took in Table Bay, and (in my opinion wrongly) identified with Cirolana sculpta, Milne-Edwards, from Malabar.
* CIROLANA FLUVIATILIS, Stebbing.
Cirolana fluviatilis, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 52. No. 81, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from “Two miles up the Buffalo River.”’
Gren. CONILORPHEUS, Stebbing.
Conilorpheus, Stebbing, Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish., pt. 4, Suppl. Rep. 23, pp. 11, 13.
* CONILORPHEUS SCUTIFRONS, Stebbing.
Conilorpheus scutifrons, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 46, pl. 31, n Ann, S.A. Mus., vol. vi., pt. 1. No. 89, sent by Dr. Gilchrist. ‘‘ Dredged between Bird Island and mainland,’ between 18 and 29 m. depth.
Famity AVGIDAL.
Aigide, Schiddte and Meinert. Naturhist. Tidsskrift, Ser. 3, vol, xii., p. 320. Aj, Hansen, Cirolanide, pp. 58, 79 (294, 315).
Gen. AIGA, Leach.
Alga, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. xi., p. 369.
Af., Schiddte and Meinert, Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 3, vol. xi, p. 334.
4{,, Hansen, Cirolanide, p. 80 (316).
AGA WEBBI (Guérin).
Pterelas webbii, Guérin, Magasin de Zoologie, vol. vi., Classe 7, pl. 20, fig. 1 a-e.
1879.
1867.
1890. 1900.
1818. 1902.
1881.
19022
1818.
1990
. Acherusia dumerilii, Lucas, Crust. Algérie, p. 79, pl. 8
.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 423 Aiga w., Schiddte and Meinert, Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 3,
vol. xii., p. 347, pl. 10, figs. 1-4. “Specimen taken at the Cape of Good Hope.”
GEN. RoctnetaA, Leach.
8. Rocrnela, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xii., pp. 348, 349.
* ROCINELA DUMERILII (Lucas).
’
fig. 31.
. Rocinela d., Schiddte and Meinert. Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 3,
vol. xii., p. 391, pl. 12, figs. 4-6.
. &. d., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 53.
No. 112, sent by Dr. Gilchrist. Dredged from depth of 303 m., Vasco de Gama Pt. 8. 75° E., distant 184 miles.
Famity CYMOTHOIDA.
Cymothoida, Bate and Westwood, British Sessile-eyed Crustacea, vol. 11., p. 274.
C., Hansen, Cirolanid, pp. 80, 170 (316, 406).
C., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 55.
Gren. NEROCILA, Leach.
Nerocila, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xii., p. 351. N., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 55.
* NEROCILA CEPHALOTES, Schiddte and Meinert. Nerocila cephalotes, Schiddte and Meinert, Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 3, vol. xiii., p. 60, pl. 4. figs. 16-18. From Cape of Good Hope and Cape Agulhas. N. c., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 55. No. 93, sent by Dr. Gilchrist. Trawled from depth of 64 m., Cape St. Blaize N., distant 44 miles.
Grn. ANILOCRA, Leach. Amilocra, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xii., p. 350. A., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 56.
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* ANILOCRA CAPENSIS, Leach. Anilocra capensis, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xii., p. 350.
‘“‘Tnhabits the seas of the Cape of Good Hope.”
A.c., Schiddte and Meinert, Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 3, vol. xui., p. 146) pl. 10; figs: 4; %.
“From the Cape of Good Hope, obtained by Captain Cor- neliussen from mouth and gills of the fish called Red Hot- tentot (Sargus Hottentottus, Sm.??)’’ and one “taken at Cape Town by Mr. De Vylder.’’ Schiddte and Meinert attribute the species to Milne-Edwards, although that author quotes Leach’s description without any addition.
A. c., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 57.
No. 1a, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Simon’s Bay, Cape of
Good Hope.
Grn. CTEATESSA, Schiddte and Meinert.
Cteatessa, Schiddte and Meinert, Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 3, vol. xiii., pp. 289, 296.
CTEATESSA RETUSA, Schiddte and Meinert. Cteatessa retusa, Schiddte and Meinert, Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 3, vol. xiii., p. 297, pl. 11, figs. 11-13.
“Taken by Vahlberg near Port Natal.” An earlier mention is made of the species in regard to the specimen taken by Peters at Mozambique, see Hilgendorf, Monatsberichte der K6n. Preussischen Akad. Wiss. zu Berlin, p. 849, 1879, “Cymothoa (Ceratothoa) retusa, Schiddte et Meinert, sp. n.”’
Gen. MEINERTIA, Stebbing. Meinertia, Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 354. This is the Ceratothoa of Schiddte and Meinert, 1883, but not of Dana, 1858.
* MBINERTIA IMBRICATA (J. C. Fabricius).
Oniscus imbricatus, Fabricius, Mantissa Insectorum, vol. i., ps 2415
Cymothoa banksit, Leach, and C. trigonocephala, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xii, p. 353.
C. banksii, Krauss, Die Siidafrikanischen Crustaceen, p. 66. Taken in Table Bay by Baron von Ludwig.
1883.
1900.
1884.
1884.
1818.
1840.
1884.
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Ceratothoa banksii, Schiddte and Meinert, Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 3, vol. xiii, p. 340, pl. 14, figs. 6-21.
‘Frequently taken at the Cape of Good Hope in the mouth of the ‘Red Hottentot,’ together with Anilocra Capensis;” also taken at Port Natal. Probably Ceratothoa trigonocephala of the same authors, p. 358, pl. 16, figs. 1-7, is a synonym. The authors assign to banks ‘ frons obtusa,” but ‘‘frons acuta vel acutiuscula’’ to trigonocephala. Leach, in his brief descrip- tion, gives to banksi “ téte trés-acuminée, & partir du milieu, a lextrémité,” and to trigonocephala “ téte triangulaire.”” The joint authors record the finding of their trigonocephala at Port Natal by Vahlberg.
Meinertia imbricata, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 58.
No. 1, sent by Dr. Gi christ, ‘‘ From the mouth of fish, Kalk Bay”; No. 19, another specimen.
GEN. CINUSA, Schiddte and Meinert.
Cinusa, Schiddte and Meinert, Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 3, vol. xiv., pp. 223, 312.
CINUSA TETRODONTIS, Schiddte and Meinert.
Cinusa tetrodontis, Schiddte and Meinert, Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 3, vol. xiv., p. 313, pl. 12, figs. 3-7. Taken at Cape of Good Hope and in Simon’s Bay by Hansen and others, generally in mouth or jaws of Tetrodon honckenit (Bloch).
Gren. LIVONECA, Leach. Invoneca, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xii., p. 351.
LIvVONECA RAYNAUDII, Milne-Edwards.
Livoneca raynaudu, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. iii., p. 262.
‘“‘ Found near the Cape of Good Hope by M. Raynaud.”
I. r.. Schiddte and Meinert, Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 3, vol. xiv., pp. 343, 367, pl. 15, figs. 9-13.
There is nothing in Leach’s account of his “ Livoneca Rafinesku,” to distinguish it from this species. Leach clearly means that in rafineskii the uropods do not extend beyond the telsonic segment, while in raynaudii Milne- Edwards lays stress on the fact that the telsonic segment
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extends beyond the uropods. He seems to have attributed a wrong sense to the expression used by Leach. As, how- ever, the place of origin is not known for the species named by Leach, the name remains obscure.
Famiry LIMNORIIDA.
. Limnorude, Harger, Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1878,
Pa oulk
. L., Stebbing, Gardiner’s Fauna Mald. Lacead. Archipelagoes,
Voli, Piro, p. "la:
Gren. LIMNORIA, Leach.
Limnoria, Leach, Edinb. Encyel., vol. vii., p. 433. L., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 50. ., Richardson, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. xxxvii., p. 95.
* LIMNORIA LIGNORUM (J. Rathke).
Cymothoa lignorwm, J. Rathke, Naturh. Selsk. Skr., vol. v., pe LOL pls 3, tigre 4:
Limnoria l., H. Richardson, Bulletin U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 54, p. 269, figs. 279-281.
i, l,, Hansen, QJ. Microse. Sei, vol. xlix,; pt. 1, p. (0:
i. l., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 50, in Ann. 8.A. Mus.,
vol. vi., pt. 1.
“The specimens sent me from the Cape, together with some of the timber they had been perforating, were obtained by Thomas Reeve, Esq., at Port Elizabeth.”
Faminry SPHAROMIDA.
Spheronide, White, List of Crust. in Brit. Mus., p. 102.
S., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 64, and 1908, pt. 4, p. 48.
S., Hansen, Quarterly Journ. Microse. Sci., vol. xlix., pt. 1, p. 69:
S., Budde-Lund, Voeltzkow’s Reise in Ostafrika, Isopoda, in vol. ii., p. 803.
S., HW. Richardson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxxvii., p. 89.
1802. 1908.
1866.
1904. 1908.
1818. 1843.
1905.
1825.
1843.
“I
General Catalogue of South Afi ican Crustacea. 42,
Gren. SPHAZROMA, Bosc.
Spheroma, Bose. Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 182. S., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 49.
* SPHHROMA TEREBRANS, Bate.
Spheroma terebrans, Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, vol. XVIL., Pe 285 Pls Ze: 8: S. t., Stebbing, Spolia Zeylanica, vol. ii., pt. 5, p. 16, pl. 4. S. t., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 49. Specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist from Gamtoos River bridge, at which their boring operations had been carried on.
SPHEROMA TRISTENSE, Leach.
Spheroma tristense, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xii., p. 345. S. t., Krauss, Die Siidafrik. Crust., p. 65.
Taken in Table Bay. Krauss says: “The two longish tubercles on the terminal segment and the blunt end of the pleon determine me to regard my specimens as belonging to this species very briefly described by Leach; at any rate they belong to that section of the genus in which the last two segments of the perwon are shaped like the preceding ; but all the segments have in the middle four very obscure tubercles and on the sides a similar intumescence. The branches of the uropods have smooth margins and are just
as long as the apex of the pleon.’’ Length 6°2 lines. S. t., Hansen, Quarterly Journ. Microsc. Sci., vol. xlix., pt. 1, Deel Wye
Hansen says of this and several other species hitherto included in this genus, that they ‘do not belong to Spheroma, but I cannot refer them to genera, because the descriptions and figures are too defective in some respects.”’
SPHHROMA JURINII, Audouin.
Spheroma jurini, Audouin, Explication sommaire des Planches, for Savigny’s Egypte, pl. xii. fig. 2.
Savigny’s figure agrees with Leach’s S. tristense in having a very short seventh 'segment of the perwon and the telsonic segment ending abruptly in an obtuse point, but the obscure elongate tubercles.at its base are wanting.
S.j., Krauss, Die Siidafrik. Crust., p. 65.
Specimens from Table Bay, attaining a length of 5 lines.
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S.7., Hansen, loc. c’t., makes the same remark on this species as on S. tristense.
Gren. EXOSPHAROMA, Stebbing.
Exospheroma, Stebbing, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 553.
E., part, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 54.
H., Hansen, Quarterly Journ. Microse. Sci., vol. xlix., pt. 1, pp. 103, 118.
Stebbing, J. Linn. Soc. London, vol. xxxi., p. 220.
* EXOSPH#ROMA GIGAS (Leach). Spheroma gigas, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xil., p. 346. Exospheroma g., Stebbing, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 553, pli39: . g., Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 69.
No. 81a, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from two miles up Buffalo River. No. 132, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, taken in Sebastian Bay on beach at low tide, represents the Hzxospheroma lanceolatum (White), the name of which presents a difficulty, since this may have been the form originally described by Leach as Spheroma gigas, in which case the species with a round-ended telson will require a new name. The lanceo- late form here noted has the telson medio-longitudinally sub- carinate and ends subacutely ; the inner ramus of the uropods is truncate. An ovigerous female measures 10 mm.
EXxosPpH#ROMA STIMPSONI (Heller).
Spheroma stimpsoni, Heller, Novara Crustacea, p. 1139) ola; fig. 10.
From the Cape.
Exospheroma stimpsoniu, Hansen, Q. J Microsc. Sci., vol. xlix., pie IS pps tb 118:
As Hansen has had at command specimens in the Copen- hagen Museum, I accept his ruling that this species belongs to Exospheroma, but, it conflicts with the characters which Hansen himself (loc. cit., p. 103) assigns to the genus, “ Last thoracic segment unarmed in both sexes: end of abdomen at most somewhat produced, but not acute,” while Heller says of this species that the hind margin of the seventh segment of the thorax is produced into a conical process, and that the telsonic segment has an acute apex.
1866.
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General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 429
EXOsPHROMA (?) SCABRICULUM (Heller). Spheroma scabricula, Heller, Novara Crustacea, p. 141, pl. 12; Teele
From the Cape.
Spheroma scabriculum, Hansen, Q. J. Microse. Sci., vol. xlix. pt. 1, pp. 102, 103, 116.
Hansen says: ‘‘In a species from Simon’s Bay, at Cape, closely allied to or identical with Spheroma scabriculum (Hell.), the end of abdomen in the female is as in Hxospheroma, while in the male a notch, as in the male Dynamenella (com- pare the diagnosis below) is observed; the specimen described by Heller is evidently a male. The female of the species seen by me cannot be separated from Hxospheroma, while the structure in the male alluded to is very curious.” Further on he suggests that this species demands either an amalgamation of some existing genera or the institution of some new ones.
Grevn. PARASPHAZROMA, Stebbing.
Paraspheroma, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 70.
P., Hansen, Q. J. Mierose. Sei., vol. xlix., pt. 1, pp. 1, 91, 111. This genus is placed by Hansen in the section Campecopeint
of his group Spheromine platybranchiate.
* PARASPHEROMA PROMINENS, Stebbing. Paraspheroma prominens, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. , p. 70 oles 14
Nos. 114, 115, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from a depth of 304 m., Vasco de Gama Peak §, 75° E., distant 134 miles. No. 14558, sent by Dr. Péringuey, from a depth of 329 m., 13 miles SE. of Cape Point. P. p., Hansen, Q. J. Microse. Sci., vol. xlix., pt. 1, p. 78.
GEN. CYMODOCH, Leach. Cymodoce, Leach, Edinb. Encyel., vol. vii., p. 433. C., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 73. CG. Hansen, Q: J. Microsc: Sei, (vol. xlix;, pti: pp: 70; (Pag DOS * CYMODOCE AMPLIFRONS (Stebbing),
Exospheroma amplifrons, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 64, lee dale
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No. 45, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Algoa Bay, between Bird Island and mainland; depth between 18 and 29 m. Cymodoce a., Hansen, Q. J. Microse. Sci., vol. xlix., pt. 2,
p. 122.
* CYMODOCE VALIDA (Stebbing). Exospheroma validum, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 66, pl. 12a. Exospheroma setulosum, Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 68, pl. 12s.
No. 45, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Algoa Bay, between Bird Island and mainland; depth between 18 and 29 m. Cymodoce valida, Hansen, Q. J. Microse. Sci., vol. xlix., pt. 2,
pp. 118, 122.
Hansen determines that the names above given refer respectively to the young male and the female of a species of Cymodoce.
* CYMODOCE UNCINATA, Stebbing.
Cymodoce wneinata, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 73, pl. 14. Sent by Dr. Gilchrist, No. 77, from a depth of 40 m. in Table Bay, and No. 116, 55 m. in Buffalo Bay. C. u., Hansen, Q. J. Microsc. Sci., vol. xlix., pt. 1, p. 122.
GEN. CYMODOCELLA, Pfeffer.
Cymodocella, Pfeffer, Jahrbuch wiss. Anstalten zu Hamburg, yol. 1v., pp. 18, 205,69: C., Hansen, Q. J. Microsc. Sci., vol. xlix., pt. 1, pp. 80, 107, 126.
CYMODOCELLA ALGOENSIs (Stebbing).
Spheroma algoense, Stebbing, Ann, Nat. Hist., Ser. 4, vol. xv., p. 186, pl. 15a, figs. 3, 3a.
It is probable that this minute Sphzromid came from Algoa Bay, but some uncertainty exists, because members of the Australian fauna were included in the collection from which it was extracted. It appears to be very nearly related to Cymodocella tubicauda, Pfeffer, 1887, from South Georgia. Cymodocella algoensis, Stebbing, Herdman’s Pearl Fish.,
Suppl. Rep. 23, p. 30. C. a., Hansen, Q. J. Microse. Sci., vol. xlix., pt. 1, p. 126.
1874 1878
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1843.
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Gren. CYCLOIDURA, Stebbing.
Cyclura (preocc.), Stebbing, J. Linn, Soe., vol. xu., p. 146.
Cycloidura, Stebbing, Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 5, vol. 1. p. 36.
Auzara, Hansen, Q. J. Microsc. Sci., vol. xlix., pt. 1, p. 104.
CycLorpuRA (?) PERFORATA (Milne-Edwards).
Spheroma perforata, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., Da 2h Specimen found at St. Paul by Quoy and Gaimard, length 3 lines. S. p., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 65. “In the Algze of Natal Bay. Length 5:2 lines.”
. Dynamenella (?) p., Hansen, Q. J. Microse. Sci., vol. xlix., pt. 1,
pps ely 126.
Hansen assigns this species to Dynamenella with hesitation. He does not notice the fact that Milne-Edwards describes the seventh thoracic segment as armed with a long and strong median tooth projecting over the abdomen. This would seem to exclude the species from Dynamenella, defined as having “both sexes rather similar in aspect, without real processes,” while this process, and the “very large, oval, round-ended rami” of the uropods indicate at least a near approach to the genus Cycloidura. According to Hansen this is a synonym of Zuzara, instituted by Leach in 1818. But Zuzara is far from clearly established. Leach, in the Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xii., p. 341, couples it with Spheroma as having the body capable of globation and the last segment of the abdomen entire, and separates it from Spheroma as having the outer ramus of the uropod larger than the inner. On p. 344, however, he states that Zuzara has the last segment of the abdomen emarginate at its extremity, with a slight projection from the bottom of the emargination. He describes two species, both with the seventh thoracic segment produced backwards, and the first, 4. semipunctata, as having the outer ramus of the uropod ending abruptly in a point. But Milne-Edwards avers, from personal inspection of the original specimen, that it is not the seventh but the sixth thoracic segment which is produced backward. He describes the outer ramus of the uropod as curved somewhat outward at the end.
432 Annals of the South African Museum.
INCERTA SEDIS.
SPHEROMA SAVIGNII, Milne-Edwards.
1825. Spheroma dumerili (preocc.), Audouin, Explic. Planches Kgypte, Savigny, pl. 12, fig. 4. 1840. S. savigni, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i., p. 208. 1843, S.s., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 65. In the Algee of the coast of Natal.
SPHEROMA MACROCEPHALUM, Krauss.
1843. Spheroma macrocephala, Krauss, Stidafrik. Crust., p. 65. In the Alge of the coast of Natal. Length 2 lines.
Tre VALVIFERA. Famity IDOTHIDA.
1852. Idoteide, Dana, American Journ. Sci., Ser. 2, vol. xiv., p. 300. 1900. I., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 51; 1902, pt. 2, p. 55.
Gen. IDOTEA, J. C. Fabricius.
1798. Idotea, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 302. 1900. I., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 51.
* Tporgea rInpicA, Milne-Edwards.
1840. Idotea indica, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. iii., p. 131. 1843 (?). I. latreilla, Guérin-Méneville, Iconogr. Régne Anim., Crust. Expl., p. 32.
The Cape of Good Hope. Length 30 mm. Telsonic segment with a deep longitudinal medio-dorsal furrow. This is not mentioned by Milne-Edwards, nor does Guérin mention the superior size of the last peraeopods which is emphasised by Milne-Edwards, so that the identification of the two names by Miers remains doubtful.
1902. I. indica, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 62.
No. 107, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from a depth between 16 and
36 m.,in Hout Bay. Length 27 mm.
Gren. PARIDOTEA, Stebbing. 1900. Paridotea, Stebbing, S.A. Crust., pt. 1, p. 52.
1843.
1843.
1866.
1900.
1909.
1840.
1843.
1881.
1878.
1902.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 433
* PARIDOTEA UNGULATA (Pallas).
2. Oniscus ungulatus, Pallas, Spicil. Zool., fase. 9, p. 62, pl. 4,
fig. 11.
. Idotea ungulata, Lamarck, Anim. sans vertébres, vol. v., p. 160. . I. lalandii, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii., p. 132,
pl. 31, fig. 7, and J. affinis, p. 133.
. I. l., Krauss, Stidafrik. Crust., p. 61.
Two specimens from Table Bay, sent by Baron von Ludwig, in the Stuttgart Museum. Length 1 inch 9 lines; that is, about 45 m.
I, affinis, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 61.
Among the Alge in Table Bay, tolerably common. Length
1 inch 3 lines. I. edwardsii, Guérin-Méneville, Ieonogr. du Régne Anim., Texte, p. 33. From the Cape of Good Hope. Length 50 to 60 mm. I. affinis, Heller, Novara Crustacea, p. 130.
From the Cape. Length 40-45 mm.
Paridotea ungulata, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 53.
Sent by Dr. Gilchrist, No. 10, from Table Bay, dredged ; length 48 and 51 mm. No. 11, from Woodstock beach, Table Bay; length 39 and 40 mm. No. 252, from rock pool in False Bay.
P. u., Chilton, Crust. Subantarct. Is. N. Zealand, p. 660.
PARIDOTEA PERONII, Milne-Edwards.
Idotea peronit, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust.. vol. iii., p. 133. I. distincta, Guérin-Méneville, Iconogr. du Régne Anim., Texte, p. 33. From the Cape of Good Hope. Length 35 mm. I, peroni, Miers, J. Linn. Soc., London, vol. xvi., p. 55, pl. 2, figs. 6, 7. The description and figure given by Miers show that the species is fitly placed under Paridotea.
Gen. SYNIDOTHA, Harger. Synidotea, Harger, Amer. Journ. Sci., Ser. 3, vol. xv., p-. 374. S., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, }. 59.
434
1840.
1843.
1881.
1902.
1902.
1843.
1902.
1897. 1908.
1902. 1908.
Annals of the South African Museum.
* SYNIDOTEA HIRTIPES (Milne-Edwards). Idotea hirtipes, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. iii, p. 134. From the coasts of the Cape of Good Hope. I. h., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 61.
Krauss does not claim to have seen it.
Edotia h., Miers, J. Linn. Soc. London, vol. xvi., p. 68.
Miers says: ‘‘ There are in the British Museum several dried specimens from Simon’s Bay, South Africa, collected on a sandy bottom in 4—7 fathoms.’ Again he says: ‘In the Paris collection I having examined, besides four specimens from the Cape of Good Hope (types of M.-Edwards’s descrip- tion), others from the same locality (MM. Quoy and Gaimard).”’ Synidotea h., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 60.
Sent by Dr. Gilchrist, No. 90, from 69 m. depth, Cape St. Blaize, N. 2 E., distant 8 miles; No. 91, from 49 m. depth, Cape St. Blaize N. 35° W., distant 44 miles; No. 92, from 60 m. depth, Cape St. Blaize NW., distant 34 miles.
Gen. GLYPTIDOTEA, Stebbing. Glyptidotea, Stebbing, Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 50.
* GLYPTIDOTEA LICHTENSTEINII (Krauss). Idotea lichtensteinn, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 62, pl. 4, fig. 4. In the Algz of Table Bay. Glyptidotea l., Stebbing, S.A. Crust., pt. 2, p. 57, pl. 10. No. 89, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from depth between 18 and 29 m., in Algoa Bay, between Bird Island and mainland.
Famity ASTACILLIDA.
Astacillide, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. ii., p. 88. A., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 50, in Ann S.A. Mus., VOL. vi, pu: I.
Gen. ANTARCTURUS, zur Strassen.
Antarcturus, zur Strassen, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. xxv., p. 686. A., Stebbing, 8.A.:Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 52.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 435
* ANTARCTURUS KLADOPHOROS, Stebbing.
1908. Antarcturus kladophoros, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 53, pl. 32. No. 95, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, was dredged from a depth of 229 m., Cape St. Blaize, N. by E., distant 73 miles.
Trine ASEHELLOTA.
Famiry MUNNIDA.
1882. Munnide, Sars, Vidensk. Forhandl. Christiania, No. 18, p. 17. 1897. M., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. ii., pt. 6, p. 105.
Gren. PARAMUNNA, Sars.
1866. Paramunna, Sars, Beretning Zool. Reise ved Kysterne Christianias, p. 31. 1897, P., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. ii., pt. 6, p. 111.
* PARAMUNNA LZVIFRONS, 0. Sp. Plate XLVI.a.
This species is distinguished from the northern Paramunna bilo- bata, Sars, by having the broad head shallowly convex in front, instead of being produced into two divergent lobes, which Sars includes among the characters of the genus, as well as calling attention to them in the name of the typical species. But the new species agrees with the old in the conically produced eye-lobes, the six-jointed doubly geniculate second antennz, the very small but distinctly three-jointed palp of the mandibles, the stoutly subchelate first gnathopods, with the remaining limbs very slender, and in the shape of the first two pairs of pleopods which constitute the male operculum,
The lateral margins of the broad depressed perzeon converge ovately to the narrower telsonic segment, distally ovate, but with the sides at first scarcely curved. The eyes are small, with five com- ponents. In the first antenne the third joint of the peduncle is scarcely larger than any of the three joints of the flagellum. In the second antenne the fourth and fifth joints are both short between the large third and sixth; the seven-jointed flagellum is as long as the third and fourth joints of the peduncle combined. The fifth joint of the first gnathopods is distally much broader than long. The finger, which has a secondary tooth on the inner side, overlaps the
436 Annals of the South African Museum.
apex of the inner margin of the fifth joint. The pereeopods closely resemble the second gnathopods. As to the uropods, I cannot feel sure that there is more than one little ramus, though there may be a still smaller outer one.
Length 1 mm. Both specimens examined were clearly males, as shown by the characters of the first and second pleopods.
Locality, lat. 32° 53’ 30'S., long. 28° 11' 00" E., from depth of 75 m. No. 83, obtained by Dr. Gilchrist.
The specific name, smooth-fronted, alludes to the character which distinguishes this species from P. bilobata.
Tring HPICARIDEHA. 1908. Hpicaridea, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 56.
Famiry BOPYRIDAi. 1908. Bopyride, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 56.
Gren. BATHYGYGE, Hansen.
1897. Bathygyge, Hansen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. xxxi., p. 122. * BATHYGYGE GRANDIS, Hansen. 1897. Bathygyge grandis, Hansen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoodl. Harvard, vol, xxxi., p. 122, pl. 6, figs, 2—2c. 1908. B. g., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 57, pl. 33. No. 172, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, in Glyphocrangon sculptus (S. I. Smith), from depth between 1,463 and 1,646 m., Cape Point NE. by E. + E., distant 40 miles.
Faminy CYPRONISCIDA.
1889. Cyproniscide, Giard and Bonnier, Travaux de Wimereux, Bopyriens, p. 221. 1902. C., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 74.
Gren. CYPRONISCUS, Kossmann. 1884. Cyproniscus, Kossman, Sitzungsb. k. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, pt. 22, p. 460. 1902. C., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 75.
TOOL
1902.
1833.
1833. 1843.
1847.
1885.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 437
** CYPRONISCUS CROSSOPHORI, Stebbing.
Cyproniscus crossophori, Stebbing, Knowledge, vol. xxiv., p. 100 C. c., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 76, pl. los. No. 57, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, in Crossophorus africanus, Stebbing, from depth of 229 m., Cape St. Blaize, N. by E., distant 73 miles.
Trt ONISCIDEA.
Famity LIGIIDA. Gen. LIGIA, J. C. Fabricius.
. Ligia, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 301.
LiGIA GLABRATA, Brandt. Ingia glabrata, Brandt, Conspectus Oniscodorum, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, vol. vi., p. 172 (10). From the Cape of Good Hope.
. Lygia g., Krauss, Stidafrik. Crust., p. 62.
Very frequent on the coast of Table Bay, where it lodges under stones and the animals and plants lying on the beach. Length 11 lines, breadth 5:5 lines,
. Ligia g., Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p. 263.
Budde-Lund says: ‘‘I have seen a dried and mutilated specimen from the Cape of Good Hope (Berlin Museum).” This specimen was scarcely half the length, and less than half the breadth given by Krauss.
Liaia pinaTaTa, Brandt.
Ingia dilatata, Brandt, Conspectus Oniscodorum, p. 172 (10). Lygia d., Kruass, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 62.
Krauss only refers to Brandt. L. d., White, List Crustacea in Brit. Mus., p. 98.
“Cape of Good Hope. From the collection of Dr. Krauss.” Ingia d., Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p. 262.
“ Locality, Cape of Good Hope. A dried specimen is pre- served in the Berlin Museum, and a few specimens collected
by Messrs. Krauss and Drege are in the Museum of St. Petersburg.”
438 Annals of the South African Museum.
Liata GRACILIPES, Budde-Lund.
1885. Ligia gracilipes, Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p. 270. ‘‘ Locality, South Africa ; a few specimens from ‘ Laudana are in the Simon Museum.”
Gen. TITANA, Budde- Lund.
1909. Titana, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, Land- Isopoden, p. 65.
TITANA MIRABILIS, Budde-Lund.
1909. Titana mirabilis, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika p. 65, pl. 7, figs. 1-10. Found by Schultze in nests of Hodotermes viator (Latreille), at Steinkopf, in Little Namaqualand, Cape Colony.
Gren. PHYLLONISCUS, Purcell.
1908. Phylloniscus, Purcell, Trans. S.A. Phil. Soc., vol. xiv., pt. 4, p. 409.
It is rather doubtful whether this genus can stand in the family Ligiide. Budde-Lund suggests that it may be placed there, influenced probably in part by the general resemblance between the typical species and his own Schéblia circularis, but also in part by the circumstance that of three African species of Isopoda found in the nests of Termites the Titana and the Schdéblia certainly belong to the Ligiide, whereas the numerous land isopods found in the nests of ants all belong to the family Oniscidee.
** PHYLLONISCUS BRAUNSI, Purcell.
1903. Phylloniscus braunst, Purcell, Trans. S.A. Phil. Soce., vol. xiv., pt. 4. p. 410, figs. 1-3 in text.
Taken by Dr. H. Brauns, from the subterranean galleries of Hodotermes viator at Willowmore, Cape Colony, and by Dr. Purcell ‘at Matjesfontein, Cape Colony, under a stone in the galleries of a dark-coloured Hodotermes (evidently H. mossam- bicus).”” A specimen kindly sent me by Dr. Péringuey has not yet been sacrificed to scientific investigation.
1893. 1901. 1909.
1825. 1893. 1909! LGLO:
1843.
1885.
1909:
1843.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 439
Famity TYLIDA.
Tylide, Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 423. T., Chilton, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. viii., pt. 4, p 120. T., Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 70.
Gen. TYLOS, Audouin. Tylos, Audouin, Explic. planches Crust. Egypte, p. 287. T., Dollfus, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. xviii., p. 189. T., Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 70. T., Stebbing, J. Linn. Soc. London, vol. xxxi., p. 227.
I may here remark that there is great similarity, though not perhaps specific identity, between my Tylos exigwus and the earlier T'ylos minor, Dollfus, from Mahé, the description of which I had overlooked.
TyLOS GRANULATUS, Krauss. Tylos granulatus, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 64, pl. 4, fig. 5 a-e.
In Table Bay. Length 1 inch 7 lines; breadth 9°65 lines. T. g., Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p. 276.
Budde-Lund says: ‘I have seen specimens from the Cape, preserved in the Museum of St. Petersburg.”’ T. g., Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 70.
Found by Dr. Schultze in several localities on the south- west coast of Africa.
* TYLOS CAPENSIS, Krauss. Tylos capensis, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 64, pl. 4, fig. 6 a-0.
In Table Bay. Length 1 inch; breadth 5:5 lines.
No. 40, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, was taken out of sand between Somerset West and Gordon’s Bay, This species has also been sent me by C. F. Kies, Esq., from Gordon’s Bay, False Bay. The specimens are remarkably smooth.
Famity ONISCIDA.
Phylloniscus, Purcell, as the name implies, perhaps belongs rather to this family than to the Ligiide.
440
1804. 1885. 1908.
1804.
1885.
1909.
1879.
1833.
1379: £309:
1904, 1908. TOO:
Annals of the South African Museum.
GEN. PORCELLIO, Latreille. Porcellio, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., vol. vii., p. 45. P., Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p. 82. P., Budde-Lund, Voeltzkow's Reise in Ostafrika, vol. 11., p. 280.
PORCELLIO SCABER, Latreille.
Porcellio scaber, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., vol. vii., p. 40. P.s., Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p. 129. From Cape of Good Hope (Berlin Museum). P.s., Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 58.
The author says: ‘‘This widely distributed species several times found in the neighbourhood of Capetown was also brought home by the traveller from the ‘Cape flats.’’’ The treatise is given as an extract from the Denkschriften der med.-nat. Gesellschaft, vol. xiv.
Gen. METOPONORTHUS, Budde-Lund. Metoponorthus, Budde-Lund, Prospectus Isopodum terres- trium, p. 4.
METOPONORTHUS PRUINOSUS (Brandt).
Porcellio pruinosus, Brandt, Conspectus Oniscodorum, pp. 181 (19), 188 (26).
Metoponorthus p., Budde-Lund, Prospectus Isop. terr., p. 4.
M. p., Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 58.
«« A specimen of this species was collected at Steinkopf in Little Namaqualand, and two specimens were taken in the ‘Cape flats.’ This cosmopolitan species had also been found earlier at Capetown.”
GeN. NIAMBIA, Budde-Lund. Niambia, Budde-Lund, Revision of Isop. terr., p. 37. N., Budde-Lund, Voeltzkow’s Reise in Ostafrika, p. 280. Niambia, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 59. This genus was named without definition in 1904, to include the species “ (Leptotrichus squamatus B.-L, L. truncatus B.-L., Metoponorthus capensis Dollf.)”’
1833.
1843.
TST9: 1909.
1885.
1909.
1895.
1904. 1908. 1909.
1909.
1909.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 441
NIAMBIA TRUNCATA (Brandt). Porcellio truncatus, Brandt, Conspectus Oniscodorum, pp» Lo e228: P. t., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 63.
From the Cape of Good Hope.
Leptotrichus t., Budde-Lund, Prospectus Isop. terr., p. 9. Niambia truncata, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, pp. 53, 60, pl. 6, figs. 4-14.
From Capetown and Simonstown (Berlin and Stockholm Museums); from Port Elizabeth (Dr. Brauns in the Ham- burg Museum); also Dr. Schultze has collected this species abundantly in several localities of South Africa, Steinkopf, Rooibank (behind Walfisch Bay), and the Cape flats.
NIAMBIA SQUAMATA (Budde-Lund). Leptotrichus squamatus, Budde-Lund, Isopoda _ terrestria, p. 196. Niambia squamata, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Stidafrika, p. 60, pl. 6, figs, 1-3. “ South Africa (Landana, Chinchoxo).”’
NIAMBIA CAPENSIs (Dollfus). Metoponorthus capensis, Dollfus, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vol. viii., p. 350. Niambia c., Budde-Lund, Revision of Isop. terr., p. 37. N. c., Budde-Lund, Voeltzkow’s Reise in Ostafrika, p. 280. N. c., Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 63, pl. 6, figs. 39, 40. Found at Capetown and in Simonstown.
NIAMBIA BRUNNEA, Budde-Lund. Niambia brunnea, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 61, pl. 6, figs. 15-25.
South-west Africa; many specimens taken in July and August, 1904, at Kamaggas and Steinkopf in Little Namaqua- land.
NIAMBIA PALLIDA, Budde-Lund. Niambia pallida, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 61, pl. 6, figs. 26-28.
At Steinkopf in Little Namaqualand and Kubub in Great
Namaqualand.
30
1909.
1909.
1909.
1909.
1909)
11309;
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1909.
1906.
Annals of the South African Museum.
NIAMBIA HIRSUTA, Budde-Lund.
Niambia hirsuta, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 62, pl. 6, figs. 29-81. At Port Elizabeth (Dr. Brauns in the Hamburg Museum).
NIAMBIA MODESTA, Budde-Lund.
Niambia modesta, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 62, pl. 6, figs, 32-84. German South-West Africa, at Grootfontein, collected by von Erffa.
NIAMBIA ANGUsTA, Budde-Lund.
Niambia angusta, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 63, pl. 6, figs. 35-37. At Steinkopf.
NIAMBIA PUSILLA, Budde-Lund.
Niambia pusilla, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika. p. 63, pl. 6, fig. 38. At Simonstown.
NIAMBIA MARGINEPAPILLOSA, Budde-Lund.
Niambia marginepaprllosa, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Stidafrika, p. 64, pl. 6, fig. 41.
At Simonstown.
Gen. GERUFA, Budde-Lund. Gerufa, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 58.
GERUFA HIRTICORNIS, Budde-Lund. Gerufa hirticornis, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 09, pl. 6, figs. 42-56. On the Cape flats.
Gren. NAHIA, Budde-Lund. Nahia, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 64.
NaHIA HIRSUTA (Budde-Lund).
Philoscia hirsuta, Budde-Lund, Deutsch. Siidpol. Exp., vol. ix., Zool., pt. 1, p. 89, pl. 3, figs. 42-52. Several specimens in the neighbourhood of Capetown.
1908.
£09:
1804. 1885.
1885.
1908.
1908.
S99:
1907.
1885. 1899. 1908.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 443
Nahia h., Budde-Lund, Voeltzkow’s Reise in Ostafrika, vol. i1., p. 290. N. h., Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 64. Many specimens obtained by Dr. L. Schultze on the Cape flats.
GEN. PHILOSCIA, Latreille.
Philoscia, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., vol. vii., p. 43. P., Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p. 207.
PHILOSCIA MINA, Budde-Lund.
Philoscia mina, Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p 219. Specimens from the Cape of Good Hope collected by Drege are in the Museum of St. Petersburg.
Grn. APHILOSCIA, Budde-Lund.
Aphiloscia, Budde-Lund, Voeltzkow’s Reise in Ostafrika, voOluue pe 2oil.
APHILoscra vinis (Budde-Lund).
. Philoscia vilis, Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p. 210.
From the Cape of Good Hope, a damaged specimen, collected by Drege, is in the Museum of St. Petersburg. Aphiloscia v., Budde-Lund, Voeltzkow’s Reise in Ostafrika,
vol. i., p. 292.
Famity KUBELIDA.
Hubelide, Budde-Lund, Revision of Isop. terr., Vid. Meddel., Ser. 2, vol. 1.
Budde-Lund expresses the opinion that this family “ will have the same systematic value as all the Armadillide and Porcellionide taken together.”
H., H. Richardson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. 1., pt. 2, p. 220.
Gen. EUBELUM, Budde-Lund. Eubelum, Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p. 291. #., Budde-Lund, Revision of Isop. terr., p. 1. H., Budde-Lund, Voeltzkow’s Reise in Ostafrika, vol. ii, ide Ata
444 Annals of the South African Museum.
EUBELUM LuBRICUM, Budde-Lund.
1885. Hubelum lubricum, Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p. 292. South Africa, Laudana [ Landana] and Chinchoxo. 1899. H. 1, Budde-Lund, Revision of Isop. terr., pp. 4, 6, pl. 2. figs. 1-8.
Faminy DETONIDA.
1906. Detonine, Budde-Lund, Deutsch. Siidpol. Exp., vol. ix., Zool., pt. 1, p. 84.
Gen. DETO, Guérin. 1836. Deto, Guérin, Magasin de Zoologie, Année vi., notice 21, p. 1. 1885. D., Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p. 233. 1909. D., Chilton, Crust. Subantaret. Is. N. Zealand, p. 666.
DeETO ECHINATA, Guérin.
1836. Deto echinata, Guérin, Magasin de Zoologie, Année vi., notice 21, p. 2, pl. 14. 1843. D. e., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 63. Krauss says: ‘I have found this species with Lygia glabrata BRanpDtT on the coast of Table Bay. Colour greyish green.” In the reference to Guérin he, like Milne-Edwards, gives pl. 24, figs. 1-4.
Famiry ARMADILULIDIIDA orn CUBARIDA.
In the Isopoda terrestria of the Swedish Expedition to Kilimand- jaro, pt. 21, p. 11, Budde-Lund transfers the genus Armadillidium, Brandt, from his group Armadilloidea to his group Oniscoidea, and includes the genera which he names Armadillo, Cubaris, and Diploexochus in his sub-family Oniscinze, one of the several groups into which he subdivides the family Oniscide. I have fully dis- cussed the invalidity of the generic name Armadillo among Isopoda terrestria in Willey’s Zoological Results, Part V., p. 650, 1900. Brandt n. 1833 formed a section Armadillidia for his genus Armadillidiwm, and another Cubaridea containing his genera Cubaris and Diploexochus. According to Budde-Lund’s latest view it appears that all South African species hitherto referred to Armadillo or Cubaris should now be placed under Diploexochus.
1833. 1900. 1909.
LO:
1909.
1833.
1840.
1843.
1885.
1909.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 445
Gren. DIPLOEXOCHUS, Brandt.
Diploexochus, Brandt, Conspectus Oniscodorum, p. 192 (30).
Cubaris (part), Stebbing, Willey’s Zool. Results, pt. 5, p. 649.
Diploexochus, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 04.
D., Budde-Lund, Sjostedts Kilimandjaro-Meru Exp., pt. 21, Isopoda, pp. 8-12.
Budde-Lund states that in the sub-genera Armadillo and Cubaris the inner lacinia of the mandibles is furnished with several free penicilli, whereas in the sub-genus Diploexochus it has only a single free penicillus.
DIPLOEXOCHUS NIGRICANS (Brandt).
. Cubaris nigricans, Brandt, Conspectus Oniscodorum, p. 191
(29).
. Armadillo n., Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. iii.,
jos, LEC Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope.
. A.n., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 63. . A.n., Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p. 22.
The author says: “I have examined specimens from the Cape of Good Hope in the Museums of St. Petersburg and Berlin.”
Diploexochus n., Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 04.
DIPLOEXOCHUS FLAVESCENS (Brandt).
Cubaris flavescens, Brandt, Conspectus Oniscodorum, p. 191 (29). Armadillo f., Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ili., p. 179.
Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope.
A. f., Krauss, Sudafrik. Crust., p. 63.
Krauss refers this and the preceding species to the Cape of Good Hope, merely remarking that Milne-Edwards has made Cubaris a synonym of Armadillo.
A. f., Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p. 20.
“Cape of Good Hope (Berlin Museum). Two young specimens, probably collected by Drege at the Cape are in the Museum of St. Petersburg.”
Diploexochus f., Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. o4.
446
1885,
1885.
1885.
1885.
1885.
1909.
1909.
Annals of the South African Museum.
DIPLOEXOCHUS ORBICULARIS (Budde-Lund).
Armadillo orbicularis, Budde- Lund, Isopoda _terrestria, p. 23. “A very much mutilated and defective specimen, probably from the Cape, is in the Museum of St. Petersburg.”
DIPLOEXOCHUS MucIDUS (Budde-Lund).
Armadillo mucidus, Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p. 32. Cape of Good Hope. Only two specimens, collected by Drege, in the Museum of St. Petersburg.
DIPLOEXOCHUS NIGRINUS (Budde-Lund).
Armadillo nigrinus, Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p. 37.
Cape of Good Hope? Several badly preserved specimens, probably collected by Drege at the Cape, are in the Museum of St. Petersburg.
DIPLOEXOCHUS PUBESCENS (Budde-Lund).
Armadillo pubescens, Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p. 287. Cape of Good Hope. A specimen, collected by Drege, in the Museum of St. Petersburg.
DIPLOEXOCHUS ACULEATUS (Budde-Lund).
Armadillo aculeatus, Budde-Lund, Isopoda terrestria, p. 289. South Africa. Specimens from ‘Chinchoxo” are in the Museums of St. Petersburg and of E. Simon. A specimen of this remarkable species was kindly sent me many years ago by M. Adrien Dollfus, as taken at Landana, and derived from the cabinet of M. E.. Simon.
DIPLOEXOCHUS QUADRIMACULATUS, Budde-Lund.
Diploexochus quadrimaculatus, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 54, pl. 5, figs. 1-7. South-West Africa, at Keetmanshoop in Great Namaqualand.
DIPLOEXOCHUS LONGIPES, Budde-Lund. Diploexochus longipes, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Sidafrika, p. 55, pl. 5, figs. 8-11. South-West Africa, at Okahandja in South Herero-Land
1909.
1909.
09:
1909.
1816.
1906.
1874.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 447
DIPLOEXOCHUS RUFESCENS, Budde-Lund. Diploexochus rufescens, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 56, pl. 5, figs. 12-18. South-West Africa, numerous specimens at Kamaggas in Little Namaqualand.
DIPLOEXOCHUS ALBESCENS, Budde-Lund. Diploexochus albescens, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Siidafrika, p. 56, pl. 5, figs. 29-38. South-West Africa, at Port Nolloth in Little Namaqualand.
DIPLoExocHus PusILuLus, Budde-Lund. Diploexochus pusillus, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Stidafrika, p. 57, pl. 5, figs. 39-43. South Africa, one specimen on the “Cape flats’’ at Cape Town. DIPLOEXOCHUS FORMICARUM, Budde-Lund. Diploexochus formicarum, Budde-Lund, Schultze’s Reise in Stidafrika, p. 57, pl. 8, figs. 44-56. South Africa. Dr. L. Schultze obtained a single specimen from the nurseries of the ant Myrmicaria bawmi For. at Kooa in the Kalahari.
AMPHIPODA.
Amphipoda, ULatreille, Nouveau Dictionnaire d’ Histoire Naturelle, ed. 2, vol. i., p. 467. A., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 1.
Tring GAMMARIDEA.
. Gammaridea, Dana, American Journal of Science, Ser. 2,
vol. xiv., p. 308.
. G., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. i., p. 21. . G., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 5. . G., Chilton, Crustacea of Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand,
p. 615.
Faminry LYSIANASSIDA.
Lysianasside, Buchholz, Zweite Deutsche Nordpolarfahrt, Vols i.) psezoge
448
1890.
1906 1910
1861. 1906.
1908. 1908.
1908.
1880.
1906. 1910.
1880.
1908.
1871.
1906.
Annals of the South African Museum.
L., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. i., p. 28.
L., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 8.
L., Stebbing, Thetis Exp. N.S. Wales, Mem. iv., pt. 4, pp. 568, 633.
Gren. TRISCHIZOSTOMA, Boeck.
Trischizostoma, Boeck, Forhandlinger ved de Skandinaviske Naturforskeres Mode 8, p. 637.
T., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 12, 717.
T., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 59.
T., EH. W. Sexton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1908, p. 370.
* TRISCHIZOSTOMA REMIPES, Stebbing.
Trischizostoma remipes, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 61, pl. 34. Specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist ; No. 120, taken off Buffalo Bay, SW. by W. 2 W. 34 miles, at 58 m. depth; No. 84, in lat. 33° 9’ 30” S., long. 28° 3’ 00” E., at 86 m.
Gren. AMARYLLIS, Haswell.
Amaryllis, Haswell, P. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. iv., p. 253.
A., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 23.
A,, Stebbing, Thetis Exp. N.S. Wales, Mem. iv., pt. 5, pp. 069, 633.
* AMARYLLIS MACROPHTHALMUS, Haswell.
Amaryllis macrophthalmus, Haswell, P. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vol. iv., p. 253, pl. 8, fig. 3. A. m., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 67. No. 89, sent by Dr. Gilchrist; dredged between Bird Island and the mainland in 18-29 m. (10-16 fathoms, not 4-16 as misprinted).
Gren. CYPHOCARIS, Boeck. Cyphocaris, Boeck, Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, 1870, p. 103. C., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 28, 717.
1905.
1906. 1909.
1830.
1906.
1888.
1906. HO:
SGk: 1906,
1888.
1906.
1908
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 449
CYPHOCARIS RICHARDI, Chevreux.
Cyphocaris richardi, Chevreux, Bulletin du Musée océano- graphique de Monaco, No. 24, p. 1, figs. 1, 2 a—q.
C. r., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 717.
C.7., Strauss, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition, vol. xx., pt. 1, p. 65, text figs. 39, 40, pl. 6; fie. 37.
Discussion of the eyes. Several specimens of this large pelagic Lysianassid, which reaches a length of 40 mm., were obtained by the German deep-sea expedition in the neighbourhood of the south point of Africa and at New Amsterdam, between 2,000 and 2,500 m. depth.
Gen. LYSIANASSA, Milne-Edwards.
Lysianassa (part), Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. xx. p. 364. L., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 37, 718.
* LYSIANASSA VARIEGATA (Stimpson).
. Anonyx variegatus, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. vii.,
p. 394. Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope. Lysianax v., Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 682, pl. 23. Simon’s Bay, at 33 m. depth. Lysianassa variegata, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 39. L. v., Stebbing, $.A. Crustacea, pt. 5. No. 89, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from depth between 18 and 29 m., between Bird Island and mainland.
Gen. HIPPOMEDON, Boeck.
Hippomedon, Boeck, Forh. Selsk. Christian., 1870, p. 102. H., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 58, 719.
** HIPPOMEDON LONGIMANUs (Stebbing).
Platamon longimanus, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 643, pl. 13. Hippomedon l., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 60. H. l., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 64. No. 111, sent by Dr. Gilchrist; taken off Table Mountain EH. 41 miles, from 448 m. depth.
450)
1871. 1906. 1908. 1910.
1908.
1882. 1906. 1908. 1908. 11909, LBS GLO)
1842. 1906.
1853.
1906. 1908.
1882.
Lois
Amnals of the South African Museum.
Gren. TRYPHOSA, Boeck. Tryphosa, Boeck, Forh. Selsk. Christian., 1870, p. 117. T., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 68, 720. T., Holmes, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. xxxv., p. 496. T., Stebbing, Thetis Exp. N.S. Wales, Mem. iv., pt. 5, pp. 573, 634,
* TRYPHOSA ONCONOTUS, Stebbing. Tryphosa onconotus, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 665, pl. 35. No. 111, sent by Dr. Gilchrist; Table Mountain E. 41 miles; depth 448 m.
Faminry AMPELISCIDA.
Ampeliscide, Sars, Forh. Selsk. Christian., No. 18, p. 29.
A,., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 97, 721.
A., Pearse, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. xxxiv., p. 27.
A., Holmes, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. xxxv., p. 507.
A., Strauss, Deutsche Tiefsee Exp., vol, xx., pt. 1, p. 22.
A., Stebbing, Thetis Exp. N.S. Wales, Mem. iv., pt. 5, pp. 575, 634.
Gren. AMPELISCA, Kroyer. Ampelisca, Kroyer, Naturhist. Tidsskrift, vol. iv., p. 154. A., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 98, 721.
* AMPELISCA BREVICORNIS (Costa).
Araneops brevicornis, Costa, Rendiconto della Societa Reale Borboniea,m. ser: volo.) sp: U71. Ampelisca b., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 100. A. b., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 70. Specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist; No. 111, taken off Table Mountain E. 41 miles, depth 448 m.; No. 121 in False Bay, Roman Rock NW. 2 W. 2 mile, depth 33 m.
* AMPELISCA ANOMALA, Sars. Ampelisca anomala, Sars, Forh. Selsk. Christian., No. 18, p. 108, pl. 6, fig. 2. A. a., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. i., p. 178, pl. 62, fig. 2.
HOTO:
1888.
1908.
1888.
1908.
ilsvale 1906. 1908.
1908.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 451
A. a., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 111, specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist; off Table Mountain EH. 41 miles; depth 448 m. These agree with the description and figures given by Sars in the large corneal lenses, the long first antenne, the second and third joints of the fifth pereopods, the shape and scanty furniture of the telson. In the mandibles the second joint of the palp has the expansion, which is given: by Sars as a character of the genus. The want of this dilatation is emphasised by A. O. Walker as something very unusual in his Ampelisca cyclops, 1904. But it is found in the Challenger species A. chiltoni and A. fusca, and two other of the five Challenger species, namely, A. acinaces and A. abyssicola, show inter- mediate gradations.
* AMPELISCA CHILTONI, Stebbing.
Ampelisca chiltom, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol, xxix., p. 1042, pl. 103. A. ¢., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 69.
Specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist; No. 125, from False Bay, Paulsberg, WNW. 1 mile, depth 44 m.; No. 126, from False Bay, Cape Point Lighthouse W. 64 miles, depth 64 m.; and No. 85 from lat. 33° 9’ 30" S., long. 28° 3’ 00" E., depth 86 m.
* AMPELISCA FUSCA, Stebbing. Ampelisca fusca, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., pp. 1052, 1651, pl. 105. Cape Agulhas, from 282 m. depth. A. f., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 70. No. 74, sent by Dr. Gilchrist ; dredged off Vasco de Gama Point 8. 75 E. 134 miles, at 303 m. depth.
GreN. BYBLIS, Boeck.
Byblis, Boeck, Forh. Selsk. Christian., 1870, p. 228. B., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 111. B., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 71.
* BYBLIS ANISUROPUS, Stebbing. Byblis anisuropus, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 72, pl. 36. No. 84, sent by Dr. Gilchrist; from lat. 33° 9’ 30” S., long. 28° 3' 00” E., depth 86 m.
1876. 1906.
1908. IES(O):
1887,
1908.
1908.
1882. 1906. 1910.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Faminy PHOXOCHPHALIDA.
. Phoxocephalide, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. i., p. 142. . P., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 133. . P., Stebbing, Thetis Exp. N.S. Wales, Mem. 4, pt. 5,
pp. 576, 635.
Gren. HARPINIA, Boeck.
Harpinia, Boeck, De Skandinaviske og Arktiske Amphipoder, vol. ii., p. 218.
H., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 140, 723.
H., Holmes, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. xxxv., p. 521.
H., Chilton, Crust. Subantarct. Is. N. Zealand, p. 619.
* HARPINIA EXCAVATA, Chevreux.
Harpina excavata, Chevreux, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. xi., p. 068. H. ¢., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 73. No. 111, sent by Dr. Giesbrecht; taken off Table Mountain E. 41 miles, depth 448 m.
Gren. PONTHARPINIA.
. Pontharpinia, Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soe. London, Ser. 2, vol. vii., | g;
p. 32.
. P., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 145, 723.
* PONTHARPINIA STIMPSONI, Stebbing. Pontharpinia stimpsom, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 75, plese Specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist; No. 85 dredged in lat. 33° 9’ 30’ S., long. 28° 3' 00" E., at 86 m.; No. 89 be- tween Bird Island and mainland, at 18-29 m.
Famiry LEUCOTHOIDA.
Leucothoide, Sars, Forh. Selsk. Christian., No. 18, p. 27.
I, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 161.
L., Stebbing, Thetis Exp. N.S. Wales, Mem. iv., pt. 5, pp. 980, 636.
1813. 1906. 908:
1855.
1906.
1883.
1906.
1888.
1906. 1907.
1852. 1906. 1908.
1888.
1899.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 453
Gen. LEUCOTHOBE, Leach. Leucothoe, Leach, Edinb. Encyl., vol. vii., pp. 403, 432. L., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 163, 724. L., Chevreux, Bull. Inst. océanogr. Monaco, No. 117, p. 11.
LEUCOTHOE AFFINIS, Stimpson. Leucothoe affinis, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sei. Philad., vol. vii., p. 394. False Bay, Cape of Good Hope. L. a., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 168.
LEUCOTHOE MIERSI, Stebbing. Leucothoe mersi, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, Vol) Sxix. aps (AA ple 40; Off Cape Agulhas, lat. 35° 4’ S., long. 18° 37’ E., depth 274 m. L. m., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 165.
Famiry STENOTHOIDA.
Stenothoide, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, VOUS XIX eh (e
S., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 192, 720.
S., A. O. Walker, Nat. Antarctic Exp., vol. iii., Amphipoda, Dp, 28;
Gen. STENOTHOH, Dana.
Stenothoe, Dana, American Journ. Scei., Ser. 2, vol. xiv., p. 311.
S., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 192, 725.
S., Chevreux, Bull. Inst., océanogr. Monaco, No. 113, p. 1; No. 129, p. 1, and Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vol. xx., joey Gea,
STENOTHOE ADHHRENS, Stebbing. Stenothoe adherens, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, Vols xxixep: (460, plagd: Off Cape Agulhas; specimen on screw of H.M.S. Challenger.
Famity LILJHEBORGIIDA.
Liljeborgiide, Stebbing, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. iv., p. 211.
454
1906. TOLO:
1862. 1906. 1908. 1908. 1880.
1908.
1909.
1888.
1906. 1909.
1906. LOLO!
1865. 1908.
1908.
Annals of the South African Musewn.
L., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 229, 726. L., Stebbing, Thetis Exp. N.S. Wales, Mem. iv., pt. 5, pp. 587, 638.
Gren. LILJEBORGIA, Bate.
Inljeborgia, Bate, Catal. Amphip. Brit. Mus., p. 118.
L., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 230.
L., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 78.
Lilljeborgia, Chevreux, Mém. Soe. Zool. France, vol. xx., p. 475.
* LILJEBORGIA DUBIA (Haswell),
Eusirus dubwus, Haswell, Pr. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vol. iv., p. 331, pl. 20, fig. 3. Inljeborgia dubia, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 78. No. 125, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from False Bay, Paulsberg, WNW. 1 mile, depth 44 m. I. d., Chilton, Crust. Subantaretic Is. N. Zealand, p. 619.
LILJEBORGIA CONSANGUINEA, Stebbing. Inljeborgia consanguinea, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 980, pl. 91. LL. c., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 232. I. c., Strauss, Wissenschaft. Ergebn. der Deutschen Tiefsee Eixp., vol. xx., pt. 1, p. 43, text figs. 1645 165, pl. 4, fig. 28, pl. 5, fig. 29. Taken by the trawl at a depth of 565 m., not far from the Agulhas Bank.
Famity TIRONIDA. Tironde, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 273. T., Stebbing, Thetis Exp. N.S. Wales, Mem. iv., pt. 5, pp. 590, 6388. Gen. TIRON, Lilljeborg. Tiron, Lilljeborg, N. Acta Soc. Upsal., Ser. 3, vol. vi., No. 1, p. 19. T., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 79.
* TTRON AUSTRALIS, Stebbing. Tiron australis, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 79, pl. 38. No. 85, sent by Dr. Gilchrist; dredged lat. 33° 9’ 30" S., long. 28° 3’ 00” E., at a depth of 86 m.
1882.
1906,
1910.
1906.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 455
Faminy ATYLIDA. Atylide, Sars, Forh. Selsk. Christian., No. 18, p. 26.
Gren. NOTOTROPIS, Costa.
. Nototropis, Costa, Rend, Soc. Borbon., n. ser., vol. ii., pp. 170,
173.
. N., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 329, 728.
* NOTOTROPIS HOMOCHIR (Haswell).
. Atylus homochir, Haswell, Pr. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vol. x.,
p. 101, pl. 13, figs. 5-7. Nototropis h., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 335, fas. ie (8. N. h., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5. No. 89, sent by Dr. Gilchrist ; dredged between Bird Island and mainland, 18-29 m. depth. A small specimen, in which the slender first gnathopod is rather larger than the second.
Famity PONTOGENEIIDA.
. Pontogenevide, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 356, 729. . P., Chilton, Crust. Subantarct. Is. of N. Zealand, p. 622. . P., Stebbing, Thetis Exp. N.S. Wales, Mem. iv., pt. 2, p. 640.
Gren. PONTOGENEIA, Boeck.
. Pontogeneia, Boeck, Forh. Selsk. Christian., 1870, p. 193. . P., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 359.
PONTOGENEIA CAPENSIS (Dana).
. Iphimedia capensis, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xii., p. 931,
pl. 63, fig. 5 a-g. Near to Cape of Good Hope. Pontogenera c., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 361.
Gen. PARAMOERA, Miers.
. Paramoera (part), Miers, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 4, vol. xvi.
Dsif0:
. P., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 363.
456
1862.
1888.
1906. 1909:
1814. 1906. LOO:
1775
((0. 1906.
Wise 1843.
1853. 1908.
1855.
1888.
Annals of the South African Museum.
PARAMOERA AUSTRINA (Bate).
Atylus austrinus, Bate, Catal. Amphip. Brit. Mus., p. 137, pl. 26, fig. 4. Atyloides assimilis, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, Vol. xxix} ps) GLSy pleat:
Cape Agulhas, from screw of H.M.S. Challenger. Paramoera austrina, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 363. P.a., Chilton, Crust. Subantarctic Is. N. Zealand, p. 625.
Dr. Chilton’s discussion of this species should be consulted for fresh ight on this species and its synonymy.
Famirpy GAMMARIDA‘.
Ganmaride@ (part), Leach, Edinb. Eneyel., vol. vi, p. 432.
G., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 364, 729.
G., Stebbing, Thetis Exp. N.S. Wales, Mem. iv., pt.5, pp. 596, 641.
Gen. GAMMARUS, Fabricius.
Gammarus (part), Fabricius, Systema Entomologiz, p. 418. G., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 460, 733.
GAMMARUS PULEX (Linn.),. Cancer pulex (part), Linn., Systema Nature, ed. 10, p. 633. Gammarus p., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 60.
“Found in great numbers in the brackish water of the mouths of many small rivers in Zoetendals Valley, in the Zwellendam district, and probably in all other rivers of the colony.” The mention of brackish water throws doubt on the identification.
Gren. CERADOCUS, Costa.
Ceradocus, Costa, Rend. Soc. Borbon., n. ser., vol. ii., p. 170. C., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 81.
** CERADOCUS RUBROMACULATUS (Stimpson).
Gammarus rubromaculatus, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., Vol. vil., ps p92. Maera rubromaculata, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 1008, pls. 95, 96. Off Cape Agulhas, 274 m.
1893.
1906. 1908.
1906. 1910.
1853.
1906. 1908.
1ST.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 457
Ceradocus rubromaculatus, Della Valle, F. und FI. Neapel, VON Denn 20s
C.r., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 430.
C. 7., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 81.
No. 30, specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from lat. 30° 49’ S., long. 25° 56’ E., at 44 m. depth. No. 5694, specimens, taken at low tide in Table Bay, have since been sent me by Dr. Péringuey.
Gren. MAERA, Leach.
. Maera, Leach, Edinb. Encyel., vol. vii., p. 403. . M., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 433, 732, 741. . M.., von der Briiggen, Annuaire Mus. St. Pétersb., vol. xi.,
fone ae
7 Vf Pearse, Pr. U.S. Mus: vol. xxxiv., ps 29.
* MAERA BRUZELII, Stebbing.
. Maera bruzelii, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports,
Vol: xxix. pa LOM: ply O77.
Off Cape Agulhas.
M. b., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 741. M. b., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 5694, sent by Dr. Péringuey; taken at low tide in Table Bay. This species, of which the description was accidentally omitted in Das Tierreich, is distinguished from the Australian M. mastersiz (Haswell) by the first antenne, which have the secondary flagellum 8-jointed instead of 4-jointed, by the first gnathopods which have the palm finely serrate instead of quadridentate, the side-plate not rotundo- quadrate but strongly produced forward, and by the third uropods, which reach little instead of much beyond the first.
Gen. ELASMOPUS, Costa. Hlasmopus, Costa, Rend. Soe. Borbon., n. ser., vol. ii, pps £70; Ao. H., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 441, 732. H., Chevreux, Mém. Soe. Zool. France, vol. xx., p. 483.
* KLASMOPUS SUBCARINATUS (Haswell). Megamoera subcarinata, Haswell, Pr. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vol. iv., p. 335, pl. 24, fig. 4. Bile
458
1906.
11909: 1910!
1890.
1908.
1906. SIO E
1813. 1906. 1908. 1908.
1840.
1843.
1853.
Annals of the South African Musewm.
Elasmopus subcarinatus, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 441.
E. s., Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. London, vol. xii., p. 335.
E. s., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 89, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, dredged between Bird Island and mainland, between 18 and 29 m. depth. A small male specimen retaining in spirit a pink tinge along the back, the second gnathopod agreeing with that described and figured by Mr. A. O. Walker in 1904, Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish., VOL, a1.) D200 Pls Opole 4.
Gen. ELASMOPOIDHES, Stebbing. Elasmopoides, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 81.
** ELASMOPOIDES CHEVREUXI, Stebbing. Elasmopoides chevreuxi, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 82, pl. 39. No. 85, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, dredged in lat. 33° 9’ 30" S., long. 28° 3’ 00" E., at 86 m. depth.
Famitry TALITRIDA.
Talitride, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 523, 735. T., Chilton, Crust. Subantarctic Is. N. Zealand, p. 632.
GEN. ORCHESTIA, Leach. Orchestia, Leach, Edinb. Encyel., vol. vii., p. 402. O., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 535, 735. O., Walker, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 8, vol. ii. p. 36. O., Chevreux, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vol. xx., p. 491.
ORCHESTIA BOTTA, Milne-Edwards.
Orchestia botte, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. iii., pe ts O. b., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 60.
ORCHESTIA CAPENSIS, Dana.
Orchestia capensis, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xii., p. 866, pl. 58, fig. 3 a—b.
1849.
1906.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 459
Gen. ORCHESTOIDEA, Nicolet.
Orchestoidea, Nicolet, Gay’s Historia y politica de Chile, Zool. vol. ili., p. 229. O., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 527.
ORCHESTOIDEA FISCHERII (Milne-Edwards).
? 1828. Orchestia fischeri, M.-Edw., Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris,
1836
1852. 1906. 1908.
1862.
1899. 1906. 1910.
1845.
vol. v., pl. 25, fig. 14. O. f., Guérin, Iconographie du Régne Animal, pl. 26, fig. 3, and 1843, Explication des planches, p, 22. From Cape of Good Hope.
GEN. TALORCHESTIA, Dana.
Talorchestia, Dana, Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 2, vol. xiv., p. 310. T., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 543, 735. T., Chevreux, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vol. xx., p. 495.
TALORCHESTIA (?) AFRICANA, Bate.
Talorchestia (?) africana, Bate, Catal. Amphip. Brit. Mus., p. 15, pl. 2, fig. 6. Port Natal.
Gren. NEOBULE, Haswell.
. Neobule, Haswell, Pr. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vol. iv., p. 255.
NEOBULE REYNAUDII (Milne-Edwards).
. Anuphithoe reynaudu, M.-Edw., Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. xx., p. 378.
Cape of Good Hope.
. Neobule r., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 557.
Faminy AORIDAL.
Aoride, Stebbing, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. iv., p. 211.
A., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 585, 736.
A., Stebbing, Thetis Exp. N.S. Wales, Mem. iv., pt. pp. 605, 647.
Or
Gen. AORA, Kroyer. Aora, Kroyer, Naturhist. Tidsskrift, Ser. 2, vol. i., p. 328.
460 Annals of the South African Museum,
* Aora Typica, Kroyer. 1845. Aora typica, Kroyer, Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 2, vol. i., p. 328, pl. 3, fig. 3 a-l. 1908. A. ¢., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 84. No. 111, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Table Mountain, E. 41 miles, reputed depth 448 m. 1909. A. ¢t., Chilton, Crust. Subantarctic Is. N. Zealand, p. 645.
Gen. LEMBOS, Bate. 1857. Lembos (part), Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, vol. xix., p. 142. 1906. L., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 594, 737. 1909. L., Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. London, vol. xii., p. 338.
LEMBOS HIRSUTIPES, Stebbing. 1895. Lembos hirsutipes, Stebbing, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, vol. xvi., p: 20%,.pls: 8; 9B: Off Cape of Good Hope.
Gren. LEMBOIDES, Stebbing. 1895. Lemboides, Stebbing, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, vol. xvi., p. 209.
LEMBOIDES AFER, Stebbing.
1895. Lemboides afer, Stebbing, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, vol. xvi., p: 2095 pls. Gay a0: Off Cape of Good Hope.
Faminry PHOTIDA.
1872. Photide (part), Boeck, Skand. Arkt. Amphip., vol. i., p. 74.
1906. P., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 603, 737.
1910. P., Stebbing, Thetis Exp. N.S. Wales, Mem. iv., pt. 5, pp. 608, 648.
Gren. EURYSTHEUS, Bate. 1857. Hurystheus, Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, vol. xix., p. 143. 1908. H., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 84.
1908 1909
1888.
1906. 1908.
1888.
1908.
1908.
1904.
1906.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 461
E., Holmes, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. xxiv., p. 541. E., Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. London, vol. xii., p. 340.
* KURYSTHEUS AFER (Stebbing). Ganumaropsis afra, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, Vol xcaxey pp. L097] ple Lis:
Cape Agulhas, from 270 m. depth. Hurystheus afer, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 612. EL. a., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 87.
Nos. 85, 89, specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist; No. 85 from lat. 33° 9’ 30" S., long. 28° 3’ 00” E., depth 86 m.; No. 89 from between Bird Island and mainland, depth 18-29 m.
* EURYSTHEUS ATLANTICUS (Stebbing). Gammaropsis atlantica, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix.., p. 1101, pl. 114. Hurystheus atlanticus, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 86, pl. 40s. Taken at the same two stations as the preceding species, of which it is perhaps only a variety.
* HURYSTHEUS HOLMESI, Stebbing.
Hurystheus holmesi, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 85, pl. 40a. No. 89, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, dredged between Bird Island and the mainland, 18-29 m. depth.
GEN. CHEIRIPHOTIS, Walker. Cheiriphotis, Walker, Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish., vol. i1., pp. 234, 283. C., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 737.
* CHEIRIPHOTIS MEGACHELES (Giles).
. Melita megacheles, Giles, Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal,
vol. liv., p. 70, pl. 3.
. Cheiriphotis m., Walker, Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish., vol. ii.,
p. 284, pl. 6, fig. 42.
. C.m., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 737. . C.m., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 89, a male specimen, sent by Dr. Gilchrist; dredged between Bird Island and mainland, 18-29 m. depth.
462
1906
1813. 1906. 1909. 1904.
1906. 1908.
1909. 1910.
1906.
1814. 1906.
1814. 1888.
1906. 1909.
1888.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Famity AMPITHOIDA. Ampithoide, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 631, 738.
Gren. AMPITHOH, Leach.
Ampithée, Leach, Edinb. Encyel., vol. vii., p. 403. Ampithoe, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 631. Amphithoe, Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. London, vol. xii., p. 342.
* AMPITHOE INTERMEDIA (Walker).
Amphithoé intermedia, Walker, Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish., vol. i., p: 290, pl. 7; fig? 46.
Ampithoe 7., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 738.
Amphithoe t., Chevreux, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vol. xx., p. 515, fig. 29.
A.t., Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. London, vol. xii., pp. 326, 341.
Amptthoe 2., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 89, sent by Dr. Gilchrist ; dredged between Bird Island and mainland, 18-29 m. depth. These specimens do not appear to be specifically distinguishable from Mr. A. O. Walker's A. intermedia.
Famity JASSIDAL. Jasside, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 647, 739.
GEN. JaAssa, Leach.
Jassa, Leach, Edinb. Encyel., vol. vii., p. 433. J., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 652, 739.
JASSA PULCHELLA, Leach. Jassa pulchella, Leach, Edinb. Encyel., vol. vii., p. 433. Podocerus falcatus, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol, xxix.5/p: 1132; ppl. 19: From serew of H.M.S. Challenger, off Cape of Good Hope. Jassa pulchella, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 654. J. p., Chilton, Crust. Subantarctic Is. N. Zealand, p. 647.
Famity COROPHITDAL. Corophiide, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 662, 739.
1888.
1888.
1908.
1830. 1906.
1853.
1906. 1909. 1910.
1847. 1906.
1839. 1906. 1910.
1839.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 463
Gren. CAMACHO, Stebbing.
Camacho, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., pa lis:
* CAMACHO BATHYPLOUS, Stebbing. Camacho bathyplous, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, VOle xxix, De lO pls 127, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 87.
No. 85, sent by Dr. Gilchrist ; dredged in lat. 33° 9’ 30” S., long. 28° 3’ 00” E., in 86 m. depth. The eyes, wanting probably by post-mortem disappearance in the Challenger specimen, were here distinct, though small.
Gen. ERICTHONIUS, Milne-Edwards.
Ericthonius, Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. xx., p. 382. E., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 670, 740.
* ERICTHONIUS BRASILIENSIS (Dana). Pyctilus brasiliensis, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xii., p. 976, pl. 67, fig. 5 a-h.
Hricthonius b., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 671. E. b., Walker, Tr. Linn. Soe. London, vol. xii., p. 343. E, b., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 89, sent by Dr. Gilchrist ; dredged between Bird Island and mainland, 18-29 m. depth.
Famitry CHELURIDA.
Cheluride, Allman, Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. xix., p. 361. C., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 693.
Gry. CHELURA, Philippi.
Chelura, Philippi, Arch. Naturg., vol. v., pt. 1, p. 120. C., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 693. C., Calman, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 8, vol. v., p. 182.
CHELURA TEREBRANS, Philippi.
Chelura terebrans, Philippi, Arch. Naturg., vol. v., pt. 1, p. 120, pl. 3, fig. 5.
464
1893.
1906. 1910.
1859.
1906.
1888.
1847. 1882.
Annals of the South African Museum.
C. t., Hammersley-Heenan, Trans. South African Phil. Soc., vol. v., pt. 2, p. 316. Port Elizabeth. The specimens were found in conjunction with Teredo navalis, destroying green-heart timber of piles at the port.
Famiry PODOCERIDA.
Podoceride, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., pp. 694, 741. P., Stebbing, Thetis Exp. N.S. Wales, Mem. iv., pt. 5, pp. 622, 650.
Gren. LAITMATOPHILUS, Bruzelius.
Letmatophilus, Bruzelius, Svenska Ak. Handl.,n. ser., vol. i1., INo Ep. 20! L., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 695.
L2TMATOPHILUS PURUS, Stebbing.
Letmatophilus purus, Stebbing,Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, volixxix:9p. 1198; spl. 132: Off Cape of Good Hope.
Tring CYAMIDEA.
2. Caprellidea, Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, Ser. 2, vol.
KiVs, Ps o0/.
. Caprellina, Boeck, De Skandinaviske og Arktiske Amphi-
poder, vol. 1i., p. 668.
. C., Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix.,
p. 1226.
. Caprellidea, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 4.
The definition given under the last reference allows the palp of the maxillipeds from one to four joints, but Dr. Mayer in his supplementary monograph, p. 147, 1890, mentions that the palp entirely disappears in Cyamus globicopitis. Cyamus, as the oldest genus, should give its name to the tribe.
Faminry CAPRELLIDA.
Caprellide, White, List of Crustacea in Brit. Mus., p. 91. C., Mayer, F. und Fl. Neapel, vol. vi., p. 17.
1900.
1903.
RSTO
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 465
C., Mayer, F. und Fl. Neapel, vol. xvii.
In this ‘“‘ Nachtrag zu den Caprelliden ’’ I cannot find the Latin term Caprellidee anywhere actually used by Dr. Mayer. C., Mayer, Die Caprellide der Siboga Expedition, p. 3.
In this and the two preceding works probably everything of any importance that has been written on this family down to 1903 will be found taken into consideration.
C., Stebbing, Thetis Exp. N.S. Wales, Mem. iv., pt. 5, pp. 629, 651.
The words “ Family Capreuuips,”’ which should have
formed the fifth lne on p. 629, were accidentally omitted.
GEN. CAPRELLA, Lamarck.
. Caprella, Lamarck, Systéme des Animaux sans Vertébres,
p. 165.
. C., Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix.,
p. 1251.
. C., Mayer, Siboga Exp., pp. 14, 72.
** CAPRELLA PENANTIS, Leach.
. Caprella penantis, Leach, Edinb. Eneyel., vol. vii., p. 404. . C. acutifrons, Latreille, Nouveau Dict. d’Hist. Nat., vol. v.,
p. 433.
8. C. penantis, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol.
EXIks py WOO:
. C. acutifrons, Mayer, Siboga Exp., p. 79, pl. 3, figs. 4-28, pl. 7,
figs. 62-65.
Of this species Dr. Mayer describes on p. 81, ‘ Var. A natal- ensis (pl. 3, figs. 22 and 23). From the Stockholm Museum, collected by Vahlberg in Port Natal, a male about 13 mm. long, quite smooth, only on the fourth segment a postero- dorsal tubercle, which however is sometimes only a little prominent. The front antenne moderately thickened, the flagellum with 13 (in the female 11) articulations; hinder antenne longer than the combined first and second joints of the front pair. Large grasping hand not setose; venom- tooth proximal; inner margin of the finger angular. On the pereeopods both clasping-spines proximal; truncate spines more on the outer side, 6-8 (very difficult to count). A single male, which probably also belongs here, I found in material from Cape Town (collected by W. I. Issaef, 15/12/1888,
466
1910.
1818.
1888.
1903.
1855.
1903.
1910.
Annals of the South African Musewm.
together with C. cicur). In Natal another variety occurs.”’ On p. 86 Mayer explains that the material of the latter only included immature specimens, not suitable for description. On p. 81 he describes Var. porcellio. Concerning this he writes: ‘‘ I am indebted to F. Purcell for about 50 specimens ; it is reported to be very common on green alge in Kalk Bay (Cape Peninsula, ‘between tide-marks in rock-pools’). The old males are especially striking by the form of the venom- tooth (pl. 3, fig. 15). Length of the male about 9, of the female about 6 mm.” C. penantis, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 88, a specimen representing Mayer’s var. porcellio has been sent me by Dr. Gilchrist; taken off Port Elizabeth, from a depth between 24 and 27 m.
* CAPRELLA EQUILIBRA, Say. Caprella equilibra, Say, Journ. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. 1., De ogi C. e., Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 1254.
From serew of H.M.S. Challenger, off Cape of Good Hope.
C. equilibra, Mayer, Siboga Exp., pp. 75, 89, pl. 3, figs. 29- 34, pl. 7, figs. 66-69.
From False Bay, ‘‘on green seaweed in pools between tide marks, Kalk Bay, collected by F. Purcell, 6, 1896’; two males, one with regenerated great grasping hand, having the palm margin smooth, the clasping spine only indicated.
CAPRELLA SOLITARIA, Stimpson. Caprella solitaria, Stimpson, P. Ac. Philad., vol. vii., p. 393. Simon’s Bay, Cape. This is regarded by Mayer as abso- lutely unrecognisable, from insufficient description.
* CAPRELLA cricuR, Mayer. Caprella cicur, Mayer, Siboga Exp., pp. 75, 97, pl. 4, figs. 5-7 pl. 8, figs. 3-5.
The localities are given as follows: ‘‘‘On back of a Pali- nurus Lalandet. Table Bay June 1897,’ collected by W. F. Purcell,” and ‘‘Cape Town, collected by W. J. Issaef, 15/12/1888 (53 292, together with C. acutifrons).”’
C.c., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
?
1903.
1903.
IESG)
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 467
The host above-mentioned should be called Jasus lalandii (Milne-Edwards). The species has been sent by Dr. Gilchrist from two gatherings: No. 88, off Port Elizabeth, depth between 24 and 27 m.; and No. 89, between Bird Island and the main- land, 18-29 m. depth. The short arm or second joint of the second gnathopods has the front margin sculptured, forming about sixteen decurrent rounded teeth ; the proximal process of the sixth joint in the hinder perzopods carries a pair of short distally serrate clasping spines.
CAPRELLA FALSA, Mayer. Caprella falsa, Mayer, Siboga Exp., pp. 75, 101, pl. 4, fig. 15. From False Bay. This species seems scarcely distinguish- able from the supposed abnormal form of C. cicw, figured by Mayer on his pl. 4, fig. 6, so far as can be judged by a com- parison of that figure with fig. 15, representing C. falsa on the same plate.
* CAPRELLA LEVIPES, Mayer. Caprella levipes, Mayer, Siboga Exp., pp. 74, 108, pl. 4, fig. 2, pl. 8, figs. 14-16.
From the Stockholm Museum, collected by Vahlberg at Port Natal; numerous specimens found by W. F. Purcell, ‘«clinging to the back of an Asteroid starfish,” in Kalk Bay, part of False Bay.
* CAPRELLA TRIODOUS, N. sp. Plate XLVIII.s.
Caprella triodous, n. sp., S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
This species shows a great general resemblance to Dr. Mayer’s C. levipes, but appears to be clearly distinguished from it by the following differences. There is no frontal process; the flagellum of the first antenne is twelve-jointed, whereas in C. levipes Dr. Mayer, who had very many speci- mens for comparison, states that it is eight-jointed in both sexes ; here the second antennz do not nearly reach the end of the pedunele of the first, instead of reaching beyond it; the elongate hand of the second gnathopods, which as in the other species has the hind margin distally divided into three teeth, differs by having the front margin distally angled instead of rounded ; lastly, of the hinder perzopods at Jeast the third and fourth pairs have the process of the sixth joint armed
468
1769: 1814. 1888, 1899. 1903. 1900. 1769. 1776. LS 7A
1903. LILO}
1890. 1903.
Annals of the South African Museum,
with a pair of serrate-ended clasping spines, which are wanting in Dr. Mayer's species. The fifth perseopods were missing. Length of body, 7 mm.
No. 88, sent by Dr. Gilchrist ; from a depth between 24 and 27 m., off Port Elizabeth, lat. 33° 59' 00” S., long. 25° 51' 45” EK. The specific name alludes to the three very prominent teeth in the second gnathopod of the adult male.
Gren. PHTISICA, Slabber.
Phtisica, Slabber, Natuurkundige Verlustigingen, pt. 10, p. 77.
Proto, Leach, Edinb. Encycl., vol. vii., p. 433.
Phtisica, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., pp: 32, 0, Las; 1720:
Squilla, M. J. Rathbun, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, vol. i1., p. 628.
Proto, Mayer, Siboga Exp., pp. 15, 19.
Phtisica, Chevreux, Camp. Sci. Monaco, fase. xvi., p. 118.
* PHTISICA MARINA, Slabber.
Phtisica marina, Slabber, Nat. Verlust., pt. 10, p. 77, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2.
Squilla ventricosa, O. FE. Miller, Zoologiz Danicz Prodromus, No. 2360. p. 360.
Proto v., Boeck, Vid. Selsk. Forhandlinger for 1870, p. 268 (188).
P.v., Mayer, Siboga Exp., p. 20, pl. 6, fig. 23. *
Phtisica marina, Stebbing, §8.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 127, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from 55 m. depth, Sebastian Bluff NW. by N.4 N. Distant 34 miles.
Gren. METAPROTELLA, Mayer. Metaprotella, Mayer, Fauna und Flora Neapel, vol. xvii., p. 24. M., Mayer, Caprellide der Siboga Exp., vol. xxxiv., pp. 14, 39. The distinguishing characters of this genus appear to be as follows: The flagellum of the second antennz is two-jointed ; the mandibular palp is three-jointed; there are branchial vesicles only on the third and fourth segments of the perxon, and in connexion with these vesicles there are single-jointed quite rudimentary limbs; the third perzeopods are normal ; pleon in the male with one pair of appendages; sixth and
seventh segments of perzeon in coalescence. It is on the last character that Dr. Mayer lays most stress.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 469
This feature unfortunately is not very obvious in the species to be described. Both the segments, however, are short, and, though distinct in outline, were apparently not movable one upon the other.
* METAPROTELLA MAKRODACTYLOS, N. Sp. Plate XLVIIL.a.
This species cannot, I think, be confused with MW. africana, Mayer, from Djibouti, nor yet with Mayer’s other species IM. sandalensis, from the Loyalty Islands, though, as might be expected if they belong to the same genus, there are many points of resemblance. The greater distinctness of the sixth and seventh segments of the perzeon will probably suffice to separate this species from earlier members of the genus. The head has a forward-pointing process or tooth, but no other dorsal projections. In the first antenne the second joint is much longer than the first or third, about as long as the nine-jointed flagellum. In the second antenne the gland-cone of the second joint is conspicuous, the fifth joint is much longer than the fourth, both having a sparse armature of sete. The mandibles have the two cutting plates pretty well developed, with a few spines between them and the molar. The third joint of the palp has the scymetar-shape represented by Mayer for the corresponding part in M. sandalensis, with several very short setee between two long ones at the distal end. The maxillipeds also nearly resemble those figured by Mayer for the same species, but the membranaceous plate of the third joint, though in like manner distally notched for a single spine, has the inner margin also notched a little way from the end, the remainder being microscopically divided into three denticles. First gnathopods very small, palm microscopically pectinate, and reaching to a defining spine at the very base of the joint, and matched by the finger, the inner margin of which is fringed with spine-teeth. Second gnathopods large, the slender second joint having a small process projecting from base of front margin, and the distal part a little swollen, the fifth joint very inconspicuous, the sixth very long, with small process at base of the setulose hind margin which ends in a very pronounced acute tooth, not far from the base of the finger; the finger long, so that its curved sharp apex reaches the process at the base of the sixth joint. First and second pereeopods minute, ending in two or three setules. Third and fourth pereopods normal, the sixth joint with projection near the base, carrying a couple of spines, which are apparently simple, not serrate at the ends, but similar to the spines which follow along the inner
470 Annals of the South African Museum.
margin. The character of the fifth pair not clearly ascertained. Pleon with one pair of appendages.
The single specimen, a male, was 6 mm. in length, with first antenne about 3 mm. long. It was obtained by Dr. Gilchrist, between Bird Island and the mainland, from 18-29 m. depth. No. 89.
The specific name from the Greek praxpocaxrvAoc refers to the great length of the finger in the second gnathopods.
Gren. METAPROTO, Mayer. 1903. Metaproto, Mayer, Siboga Exp., pp. 14, 15, 26.
METAPROTO NOVH-HOLLANDIZ (Haswell).
1880. Proto nove-hollandig, Haswell, Pr. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. iv., p. 275, pl. 12, fig. 3.
1888. Proto n.-h., Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 1230.
1903. Metaproto n.-h., Mayer, Siboga Exp., pp. 26, 137, pl. 1, figs. 11, 12, pl. 6, figs. 24-28, pl. 9, figs. 3, 50.
On p. 137 Dr. Mayer enters this species with ?? as coming from Simon’s Bay.
Gen. CAPRELLINA, G. M. Thomson.
1879. Caprellina, Thomson, Tr. N. Zealand Inst., vol. xi., p. 247.
1888. Caprellinopsis, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol, xxix., pp. 233, 1237, 1268.
1903. Caprellina, Mayer, Siboga-Exp., pp. 14, 18, 30.
* CAPRELLINA LONGICOLLIS (Nicolet).
1849. Caprella longicollis, Nicolet, Gay’s Historia fis. y pol. de Chile, vol. iii., p. 251, pl. 4, figs. 3, a-e. 1849. C. brevicollis, Nicolet, Gay’s Hist. Chile, vol. iii., p. 253, pl. 4, fig. 4, a, 6. 1879. Caprellina nove-zealandie, Thomson, Tr. N. Zealand Inst., vol. xi., p. 247, pl. 100, fig. 6, a-d. 1882, C. longicollis, Mayer, F. und Fl. Neapel, vol. vi., p. 27, figs. 4, 5, in text. 1903. C.1., Mayer, Siboga Exp., pp. 30, 137. Dr. Mayer says: ‘‘ From the Cape Town Museum W. F. Purcell has sent me among other Caprellide some twenty
S09:
EDO:
1890. 1903.
1903.
1873.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 471
Caprellina, which appear to form a somewhat stouter variety
of longicollis.”
Caprellinopsis l., Chilton, Crust. Subantarctic Is. of N. Zealand, p. 648.
Caprellina l., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
Specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist; No. 89, from depth between 18 and 29 m., between Bird Island and mainland ; No. 88, taken off Port Elizabeth, between 24 and 27 m. depth. A female carrying young ones was observed to have a 7-jointed flagellum to the first antenne, the first of these joints being evidently a composite of four incipient joints. Young taken from the marsupium already showed the generic character.
Gren. PARADEUTELLA, Mayer. Paradeutella, Mayer, F. und Fl. Neapel, vol. xvii., p. 29. P., Mayer, Siboga Exp., pp. 14, 16, 40.
* PARADEUTELLA SERRATA, Mayer.
Paradeutella serrata, Mayer, Siboga Exp., pp. 45, 47, 187, pl. 2, fig. 2, pl. 6, figs. 68, 69. “On green seaweed in pools, between tide-marks. Kalk Bay (part of False Bay).’’ Collected by W. F. Purcell.
Faminy CYAMIDA.
. Cyamide, White, List of Crustacea in Brit. Mus., p. 92. . C., Liitken, Vid. Selsk. Skr., Ser. 5, vol. x., pt. 3, p. 246 (18).
This treatise gives an invaluable summary of the literature concerned with this family down to the time of writing.
. * Cyamiden,” Mayer, F. und Fl. Neapel, vol. vi., p. 185. . C., Mayer, F. und Fl. Neapel, vol. xvii., p. 145. . C., Mayer, Siboga Exp., p. 153.
Gen. CYAMUS.
. Cyamus, Latreille, Précis caract. génériques des Insectes,
p: 199) An.o de law:
Liitken gives the date of this treatise as 1797, but Latreille in Le Régne Animal, vol. iii., p. 382, 1830, gives it as 1796, and this date is confirmed by Sherborn in his Index Animalium. C., Liitken, Vid. Selsk. Skr., Ser. 5, vol. x., pt. 3, p. 229 (1).
1843.
1862.
1873.
LOO:
Annals of the South African Museum.
. C., Littken, Vid. Selsk. Skr., Ser. 6, vol. iv., pt. 4, p. 315 (1). . C., Mayer, F. und El. Neapel, vol. xvii., p. 146. . C., lititken, Vid. Selsk. Skr., Ser. 6, voll. vii, pt. 9, p. 419 (1).
* CYAMUS OVALIS, Roussel de Vauzéme.
. Cyamus ovalis, R. de Vauzéme, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 2, vol. i.,
p. 259, pl. 8, figs. 1-21.
C. o., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 61.
Of this and the next species Krauss says: ‘I found both species on a whale stranded in Table Bay.” C. o., Bate, Catal. Amphip. Brit. Mus., p. 367, pl. 58, fig. 3.
Bate says: “The figure and description are taken from a specimen from the Cape of Good Hope that was entrusted to me from the Jardin des Plantes.” He also gives White as an authority for the occurrence of the species on the British coast. Liitken at first discredited this, but later admitted its
possibility. C.o., Liitken, Vid. Selsk. Skr., Ser. 5, vol. x., pt. 3, p. 267 (39), pl. 2, fig. 4.
C. o., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
This species, sent by Dr. Péringuey, was obtained from the head of Balena australis, at Cape Town. It has the branchial vesicles doubles, which in the male are accompanied by acces- , sory appendages, single on the first pair but double on the second. The third thoracic segment in the male is laterally produced both forward and backward, the following segment only backward.
‘
* CYAMUS ERRATICUS, Roussel de Vauzéme.
. Cyamus erraticus, R. de Vauzéme, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 2, vol. 1.,
p. 259, pl. 8, figs. 22, 23.
. C.e., Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p. 61.
Krauss found it less abundant than the preceding species on the whale in Table Bay.
. C.e., Liitken, Vid. Selsk. Skr., Ser. 5, vol. x., p. 260 (32), pl. 3,
fig. 5.
. C.e., Liitken, Vid. Selsk. Skr., Ser. 6, vol. vii., pt. 9, p. 430
(12).
. C.e., Stebbing, §.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
Specimens sent by Dr. Péringuey were taken from the tail parts of Balena australis, stranded at Cape Town. Others
1834.
1862.
1873.
LOLO:
1873.
1887. IBS KO,
1852.
1890. 1906. 1910.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 473
sent by Mr. W. H. Bell-Marley were found on ‘‘ hump-back ”’ whale at Durban. In this species the branchiz are very long, single cylinders, with short accessory appendages which are double in the male, single in the female.
* CYAMUS GRACILIS, Roussel de Vauzéme.
Cyanwus gracilis, R. de Vauzéme, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 2, vol. i., p. 259, pl. 8, figs. 24, 25.
C. g., Bate, Catal. Amphip. Brit. Mus., p. 366, pl. 58, fig. 1.
“Cape of Good Hope (Paris Collection).”’
C. g., Liitken, Vid. Selsk. Skr., Ser. 5, vol. x., p. 278 (50), pl. 4, fig. 10.
C. g., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 38, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from “Right Whale’”’ in False Bay. This species has the branchial cylinders single, not very long, with small double accessory appendages in the male, but none in the female. The sixth joint of the gnatho- pods has a single tooth in the adult males, but none in the females.
* Cyamus Boopts, Liitken.
Cyamus boopis, Liittken, Vid. Selsk. Skr., Ser. 5, vol. x., p. 264 (36), p. 262 (34), pl. 3, fig. 6, and C. pacificus, Litken, pled, tea.
C. b., Liitken, Vid. Selsk. Skr., Ser. 6, vol. iv., pt. 4, p. 318 (4).
C. b., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 2, specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist, ‘‘from skin of a Baleenoptera [q. Megaptera] (humpback whale),’’ appear to agree with Liitken’s account of this species, from which he at one time hesitatingly distinguished C. pacificus.
Trix PHRONIMIDEA.
Hyperidea, Dana, Amer, Journ. Sci. and Arts, Ser. 2, vol. xiv., p. 314. Hyperudea, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. i., p. 5. H., Stebbing, Das Tierreich, vol. xxi., p. 5. H., Stebbing, Thetis Exp. N.S. Wales, Mem. iv., pt. 5, p. 654.
Consistency requires that this tribe should be named
Phronimidea, from Phronima, the oldest of its genera. 32
474
1872. 1885.
1887.
1905.
1IOT:
1830.
1888.
LouG:
1842. 1888.
1775. 1842.
1888.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Faminy VIBILITDA.
Vibilide, Claus, Grundziige der Zoologie, ed. 2, p. 236. Vibiliide, Carus, Prodromus Faune Mediterranez, vol. i.,
p. 421.
Vibilide, Bovallius, K. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handlingar, vol. xxi., No. 5, p. 42.
V., Chevretix, Bull. Mus. Océanogr., Monaco, vol. iii., No. 49, p. 1
Vibiliide, A. O. Walker, Amphipoda, Nat. Antarctic Exp., p- 6.
Gen. VIBILIA, Milne-Edwards. Vibilia, Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. xx., p. 386.
VIBILIA Sp. Vibilia sp., Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, VO, XXIk, Pyaeoe. South Atlantic, lat. 85° 0’ S., long. 17° 57’ EK. A specimen mounted in Canada balsam.
Famity CYSTISOMATIDA.
Cystisomatide, Stebbing, Thetis Exp. N.S. Wales, Mem. iv., pt. 5, p. 654.
Gen. CYSTISOMA, Guérin-Méneville. Cystisoma, Guérin-Méneville, Revue zoologique, p. 214. C., Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p, lols:
CystisomMaA sprnosum (Fabricius).
Oniscus spinosus, Fabricius, Systema Entomologie, p. 298.
Cystisoma neptunus, Guérin-Méneville, Revue zool., p. 214, ply J) fed
C. spinosum, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. Xxix., pp. lal9, 13345 ipl. lok:
An unpublished figure apparently referable to this species was drawn by Sir J. D. Hooker when, as a very young man, he took part in an Antarctic expedition. The specimen so. figured was obtained at lat. 33° 23’ S., long. 7° 40’ E.
1852.
1888.
1888.
TOLO:
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 475
Famity PHRONIMIDA.
Phronimide, Dana, Amer. Journ. Sei, and Arts, Ser. 2, vol. xiv., p. 315.
P., Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 1842.
Gren. PHRONIMA, Latreille.
2. Phronima, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et. Ins., vol. 1i., p. 38. . P., Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix.,
p. 1346.
* PHRONIMA SEDENTARIA (Forskal).
. Cancer sedentarius, Forskal, Descrip. Anim. in itin. orient.,
p. 95.
Phronima sedentaria, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 1357, pl. 162s.
P. s., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 100, a fine specimen, with its completely transparent house and a great quantity of tiny young ones, was sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from a reputed depth of 285 m., Lion’s Head SE. 4 E., distant 42 miles. It is of course probable hat it was taken by the shrimp trawl at the surface.
Famitry HYPERIIDA.
. Hyperide, Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, Ser. 2, vol. xiv.
p. ol4.
. Hypertide, Bovallius, K. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl., vol. xxi..,
No. 7, p. 74.
. H., A. O. Walker, Amphipoda, Nat. Antarctic Exp., vol. i11.,
Pp: 2; a. Gren. HYPERIA, Latreille.
3. Hyperia, Latreille, in Desmarest, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xxviil.,
p. 347.
. H., Bovallius, K. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl., vol. xxii., No. 7,
pel2g:
HYPERIA PROMONTORIIL, Stebbing.
. Hyperia promontorii, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports,
vol. xxix., p. 1380, pl. 166n.
476
1889
1901.
1887.
1907.
1888.
1889.
1871. 1889.
1853.
1889.
1852.
1887.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Off the Cape of Good Hope, lat. 34° 41’ S., long. 18° 36’ E. H. p., Bovallius, K. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl., vol. xxii., No. 7, p. 214, pl. 11, figs 3-13. At various localities between lat. 32° and 40° S., and long. 4° and 20° E. H. p., Vosseler, Amphip. Plankton Exp., pt. 1, p. 64.
GEN HYPEROCHE, Bovallius.
Hyperoche, Bovallius, Bihang till K. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl., Vol. xi, Wo. 16) 7p. 18:
H., A. O. Walker, Amphipoda, Nat. Antarctic Exp., vol. ii1., pu 8:
HYPEROCHE CRYPTODACTYLUS, Stebbing.
Hyperoche cryptodactylus, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 1399, pl. 170. Off the Cape of Good Hope, lat. 34° 41’ S., long. 18° 36’ E. H. c., Bovallius, K. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl., vol. xxii., No. 7, p. 105.
Gren. PARATHEMISTO, Boeck.
Parathenisto, Boeck, Vid. Selsk. Forh. for 1870, p. 87 (7). P., Bovallius, K. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl., vol. xxii., No. 7, p. 248.
PARATHEMISTO TRIGONA (Dana). Hyperia trigona, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii, p. .987, pl. 67, figs. 12 a-, k.
‘Probably from the Lagulhas Bank, near Cape Horn.” In including this species in the South African fauna I am taking it for granted that Dana wrote Cape Horn only bya slip of the pen for Cape of Good Hope.
Parathemisto t., Bovallius, K. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl., vol. xxii., No. 7, pp. 249, 264.
Famity PHROSINIDA‘.
Phrosinine (sub-fam.), Dana, Amer. J. Sci. and Arts, vol. xiv., p. 315.
Anchylomeride, Bovallius, Bihang till K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl., vol, xi; No. 16, p. 26:
1879.
1887.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 477
38. Phrosinide, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports,
vol. xxix., p. 1423.
Gren. PHROSINA, Risso.
. Phrosina, Risso, J. de Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat., vol. xev., p. 244. . P., Bovallius, K. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl., vol. xxii., No. 7,
p. 421. PHROSINA SEMILUNATA, Risso.
Phrosina semilunata, Risso, J. de Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat., vol. xev., p. 245.
. P.s., Bate, Catal. Amph. Brit. Mus., p. 319, pl. 51, fig. 5.
“Cape of Good Hope (Paris Collection).”’
. P. nicetensis, Bate, Catal. Amph. Brit. Mus., p. 320, pl. 51,
fig. 6. “Cape of Good Hope (specimen in the Paris Collection).” Bate recognises the probability that this may be merely a variety of P. semilunata.
. P. s., Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix.,
p. 1425, pl. 176.
Famity PLATYSCEHLIDA.
. Typhine (sub-fam.), Dana, Amer. J. Sci. and Arts, vol. xiv.,
p. 316. Since the generic name Typhis has proved to be preoccupied, Dana’s Typhide and Typhine cannot be upheld.
. Platyscelide (part), Bate, Catal. Amph. Brit. Mus., p. 326.
. Typhide, Claus, Zool. Inst. Univ. Wien, vol. ii., p. 149 (8).
. Typhide, Claus, Die Platysceliden, p. 30.
. Eutyphide, Bovallius, Bihang till K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl.,
voli xi. No. 16, ps 4a.
. Typhide, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix.,
p. 1461.
. Platyscelide, Stebbing, Thetis Exp. N.S. Wales, Mem. iv.,
pt. 5, p. 456.
Gren. HEMITYPHIS, Claus. Hemityphis, Claus, Zool. Inst. Univ. Wien, vol. i1., pp. 150 (4), 168 (12). Dithyrus, Bovallius, Bihang till K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl. Vol. xis) No: 116; p. 46;
478
1888.
1879.
1887.
1888.
1900.
L379.
1887.
1888,
key)
1887.
1888.
1879.
1879.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Hemityphis, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, Vol) xxix., ps lame
HEMITYPHIS TENUIMANUS, Claus.
Henutyphis tenwimanus, Claus, Zool. Inst. Univ. Wien., vol. ii., p. 158 (12). From the Cape of Good Hope. H, t., Claus, Die Platysceliden, p. 38, pl. 4, figs. 1-13. H. t., Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 1472, pl. 183. H. t., Chevreux, Camp. Sci. Monaco, fase. xvi., p. 149.
Gen. PARATYPHIS, Claus.
Paratyphis, Claus, Zool. Inst. Univ. Wien, vol. ii., pp. 150 (4), 159 (13).
Paratyphes, Bovallius, Bihang till K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl., voOl.-xi-, \No. 116; sp) 47:
Paratyphis, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 1476.
PARATYPHIS MACULATUS, Claus.
Paratyphis maculatus, Claus, Zool. Inst. Univ. Wien, vol. ii., p. 160 (14). From the Cape. P.m., Claus, Die Platysceliden, p. 39, pl. 5, figs. 1-9.
PARATYPHIS PROMONTORII, Stebbing. Paratyphis promontorii, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 1476, pl. 209p. One specimen, male, obtained off the Cape of Good Hope, lat. 35° 4’ 8., long. 18° 37’ E.
Gen. TETRATHYRUS, Claus.
Tetrathyrus, Claus, Zool. Inst. Univ. Wien, vol. ii., pp. 150 (4), 160 (14).
TETRATHYRUS FORCIPATUS, Claus.
Tetrathyrus forcipatus, Claus, Zool. Inst. Univ. Wien, vol. ii., p. 160 (14). From the Cape.
1887
1888
1900
1862.
US79:
1887. 1903.
1861. 1888.
7
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 479
T. f., Claus, Die Platysceliden, p. 40, pl. 5, figs. 10-18, pl. 6, figs. 1-3.
T. f., Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 1484.
T. f., Chevreux, Camp. Sci. Monaco, fase. xvi., p. 150.
Famity PRONOIDAL.
. Pronoide, Claus, Zool. Inst. Univ. Wien, vol. ii., pp. 149 (3),
168 (22).
38. P., Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix.,
p. 1506.
Grn. AMPHIPRONOKH, Bate.
. Amphipronoé, Bate, Catal. Amph. Brit. Mus., p. 335.
On the difficulties connected with this genus see Challenger Amphipoda, p. 337.
AMPHIPRONOE CUSPIDATA, Bate. Amphipronoé cuspidata, Bate, Catal, Amph. Brit. Mus., p. 336, pl. 53, fig. 5 ‘‘ In the sea near the Cape of Good Hope (taken by Captain Raynaud in Feb. 1829).”
Famimy LYCAIDA.
Lyceide, Claus, Zool. Inst. Univ. Wien, vol. ii., p. 149 (3), 177 (81).
L., Claus, Die Platysceliden, p. 55.
I., A. Senna, Ann, Mus. Zoal. Univ. Napoli, vol. i., No. 6, Ds, o:
Dr. Senna points out that Orio zancleus, Cocco, is the earliest species assignable to the genus Brachyscelus, Bate. Orio as a generic name was preoccupied by Cocco himself and falls as a synonym to the earlier Oxycephalus. It does not seem certain what species is represented by Cocco’s zancleus.
Gen. BRACHYSCELUS, Bate. Brachyscelus, Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, vol. viil., p. 7. B., Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 1543.
480
1871.
1879.
1887. 1888.
1862. 1888.
1890. 1902.
1862.
1888.
Annals of the South African Museum.
BRACHYSCELUS RAPAX, Claus.
Schnehagenia rapax, Claus, Nachrichten K. Gesellschaft Wiss. Gottingen, p. 157. Thamyris r., Claus, Zool. Inst. Univ. Wien, vol. ii., p. 182 (86). From the Cape. T. r., Claus, Die Platysceliden, p. 59, pl. 17, figs. 1-8. Brachyscelus r., Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., pp. 1553, 1555.
Famity OXYCHPHALIDA.
Oxycephalide (part), Bate, Catal. Amph. Brit. Mus., p. 341.
O., Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 1575.
O., Bovallius, R. Soc. Sci. Upsal., Ser. 3, vol. xiv., p. 19.
O., Senna, Bull. Soc. Entom. Ital., vol. xxxiv., trim. 1, p. 3.
OXYCEPHALUS TUBERCULATUS, Bate.
Oxycephalus tuberculatus, Bate, Catal. Amph. Brit. Mus., p. 343, pl. 54, fig. 5.
Bate gives ‘‘ Hab. Cape of Good Hope (M. faynaud),’ adding that ‘‘ the label on the bottle in which the animal has been preserved is not distinct, except that it was taken by ‘M. Raynaud, Cap® de la Chevrette, Cap Fabré, Janvier 1829’; but as the label attached to Amphipronoé cuspidata corresponds with this, I assume that the animals were found about the same time, since they were taken at nearly the same place.”
. O. piscator, Claus, Die Platysceliden, p. 69. . O. tuberculatus, Bovallius, R. Soc. Sci. Upsal., Ser. 3, vol. xiv.,
p. 62, pl. 2, figs. 2, 3.
Gen. CALAMORHYNCHUS, Streets.
78. Calamorhynchus, Streets, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., p. 285. 88. C., Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix.,
p-wlagg:
. C., Bovallius, R. Soc. Sci. Upsal., Ser. 3, vol. xiv., p. 72.
CALAMORHYNCHUS RIGIDUS, Stebbing.
Calamorhynchus rigidus, Stebbing, Challenger Amphipoda, Reports, vol. xxix., p. 1600, pl. 206.
1890.
1867. 1896.
1802.
1825. 1831, 1867. 1896.
1902.
1867. 1896.
1902
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 451
From South Atlantic, lat. 37° 45’ S., long. 33° 0’ W., and a juvenile specimen, “ probably belonging to this species, was taken in Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope.”
C. r., Bovallius, R. Soc. Sci. Upsal., Ser. 3, vol. xiv., p. 74.
ENTOMOSTRACA. BRANCHIOPODA.
Branchiopoda, Sars, Crust. d’eau douce de Norveége, pp. 5, 6. B., Sars, Fauna Norvegie, vol. i., p. 2.
In the former treatise Sars included the Leptostraca under this order, making them a subdivision of the Phyllopoda, with the designation Rhynchostraca. In the later treatise under the title Phyllocarida he gave them rank beside the Phyllo- poda.
PHYLLOPODA.
“ Phyllopodes,”’ Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Insectes, vol. iv., p. 130.
Phyllopoda, Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust, p. 358.
P., Latreille, Cours d’Entomologie, p. 482.
P., Sars, Crust. d’eau douce de Norvége, p. 5.
P., Sars, Fauna Norvegiz, vol. i., p. 35.
In these and other writings Sars names three sections Anostraca, Notostraca, and Conchostraca—very suitable names in themselves, but open to the objection that the terminations have been applied to the higher divisions of the Class Crustacea, such as the Malacostraca.
P., Stebbing, Encycl. Britannica, ed. 10, vol. xxvii. (Suppl. vol. iv.), p. 269, art. Entomostraca.
Here the names Gymnophylla, Notophylla, and Concho- phylla are substituted for the three sections distinguished by Sars, with meanings equivalent to those of the discarded terms.
Tre GYMNOPHYLLA.
Anostraca, Sars, Crust d’eau douce de Norvége, pp. 9, 6.
A,, Sars, Fauna Norvegie, vol. i., p. 39:
Gymnophylla, Stebbing, Enecyel. Brit., Ed. 10, vol. xxvii. (Suppl. vol. iv.), p. 269.
482
1896.
1898.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Famity BRANCHIPODIDA.
Branchipodide, Sars, Fauna Norvegie, vol. 1., p. 40.
In this treatise Sars allots to this family five genera, Branchipus, Schaeffer, Chirocephalus, Prevost, Artemia, Leach, Streptocephalus, Baird, Branchinecta, Verrill, to which he has himself later added Branchipodopsis.
Gen. STREPTOCEPHALUS, Baird.
. Streptocephalus, Baird, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, vol. xiv.,
pd:
. S., Packard, U.S. Geol. Survey, Phyllopoda, p. 344. . S., Sars, Arch. Natury. Kristian., vol. xx., p. 17.
STREPTOCEPHALUS CAFER (Lovén).
. Branchipus cafer, Lovén, K. Vet. Ak. Handlingar for Ar
1845, p. 433, pl. 6.
“Taken in Natal, lat. 264°.S., long. 29 E., by Herr J. Wahlberg, in some pools with clear water near the public road from Port Natal to the salt-pan of Makkalis mountain between Crocodile and Ap Rivers.”’
Streptocephalus caffer, Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xx., No. 4, p. 18, and No. 6, p. 9.
In his discussion of S. gracilis, Sars remarks: “ At first I thought that this form might be the Branchipus caffer of Lovén, which likewise is from South Africa, and which undoubtedly belongs to the genus Streptocephalus ; but the very short diagnosis given by Lovén does not suffice for a reliable specific determination, and indeed, the notes sub- sequently given by Brauer (Sitzungsber. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss. in Wien, 1877) on an examination of some authentic speci- mens of this form preserved in the Zoological Museum of Berlin, show that Lovén’s species is different from the one here described. It would seem to be more nearly allied to the Branchipus rubricaudatus of Klunzinger (Zeitschrift f. wiss. Zool., xvii., 1866), from the northern part of Africa, though differing also from this species in several points.” It is only fair to Lovén to notice that his account of the species, though it may be inadequate, occupies two pages and a half, accom- panied by a full plate of details.
1898.
1898.
1899,
ife\e\s)-
1904.
1905.
1898.
1898.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 483
STREPTOCEPHALUS GRACILIS, Sars. Streptocephalus gracilis, Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian, vol. xx., No: 4; p. 17, pk 2: Raised by Sars from dried mud supplied to him by Mr. J. V. Hodgson, whose brother had taken it ‘from a shallow lake (vlei) in the neighbourhood of Port Elizabeth, Cape
9
Colony. * STREPTOCEPHALUS PURCELLI, Sars. Streptocephalus purcelli, Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol, xx, No; 6; p. 4, pl i. From a pond on the Green Common, near Cape Town, and sent to Sars by the South African Museum, S. p, oars, Arch, Naturv. Kristian., yol. xxi, No. 4, p. 18, pl. 2, figs. 3-5. A male specimen sent to Sars by Dr. Purcell, who obtained it from the pond on Green Common.
STREPTOCEPHALUS DREGEI, Sars. Streptocephalus dreget, Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xxi., No. 4, p. 19, pl. 2, figs. 6-10. Two male specimens, taken by Mr. J. L. Drege at Port Elizabeth. S. d., Gurney, Proc. Zool. Soce., p. 298, pl. 18, figs. 1, 2. Collected by Major Eckersley at Kroonstad.
* STREPTOCEPHALUS PAPILLATUS, Sars. Streptocephalus papillatus, Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xxvii., No. 4, p. 4, pl. 1. Sent to Professor Sars by Dr. F. Purcell, “from a small pond in the barren regions of Cape Colony, at Hanover.”
Gren. BRANCHIPODOPSIS, Sars. Branchipodopsis, Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xx., No. 4, p. 26. Sars considers that Branchipus abiadi, Brauer, should undoubtedly be transferred to this genus.
BRANCHIPODOPSIS HODGSONI, Sars. Branchipodopsis hodgsoni, Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xx., No. 4, p. 26, pl. 3. Raised from dried mud as explained under Streptocephalus
484
1867. 1896. 1902.
Annals of the South African Musewm.
gracilis, from vlei, near Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony, and dedicated “to the distinguished zoologist Mr. J. V. Hodgson,”’ to whom the Norwegian professor was indebted for the opportunity of rearing it.
Triz NOTOPHYLLA.
Notostraca, Sars, Crust. d’eau douce, pp. 5, 6.
N., Sars, Fauna Norvegie, vol. i., p. 66.
Notophylla, Stebbing, Encycl. Brit., ed. 10, vol. xxviii. (Suppl. vol. iv.), p. 269.
Famity APODIDA.
. Apodide, Burmeister, Organization of Trilobites.
. A., Baird, British Entomostraca, Ray Soe., p. 18.
. A., H. M. Bernard, A Morphological Study, Nature Series. . A., Sars, Fauna Norvegia, vol. i., p. 67.
Gren. APUS, Schaeffer.
. Apus, Schaeffer, Mon. d. krebsartige Kiefenfiisse, p. 131.
Owing to its date, Schaeffer’s work is not accepted by Sherborn in his Index Animalium as authorising the use of this generic term under the rules for Linnean nomenclature. But Professor F. Jeffrey Bell, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. v., May, 1900, argues “that Schifer’s generic name stands on an equality with those of Brisson or Artedi, which are expressly named in the note to law 2 of the British Association rules.’ The point is that binomial designations may be accepted from authors who had the sagacity to be binomial- ists even before the Epoch 1758. Should this ruling not be allowed on Schaeffer’s behalf, it seems that Apos, Scopoli, Introd. Hist. Nat., p. 404, 1777, will have to be substituted for the crustacean genus, while Apus is given up to the birds.
. A., Baird, British Entomostraca, Ray Soc., p. 29. . A., Packard, U.S. Geol. Survey, Phyllopoda, p. 319.
A., Sars, Fauna Norvegie, vol. i., p. 67.
* Apus NuMIDICcUS, Grube.
. Apus numidicus, Grube, Arch. Naturg., vol. xxxi., p. 278 (75),
pla, fig. d4iax 6:
1877.
1898.
1899.
1905.
18993
1899.
1899.
1867. 1896. 1902.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 485
A. dispar, Brauer, Zitzungsb. K. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lxxv., pt. 1, p. 589, pl. 1. A. numidicus, Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xx., No. 4, easy ol aes Raised from the dried mud of the previously mentioned vlei near Port Elizabeth. A. n., Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xxi., No. 4, p. 6. Males and females, sent to Sars by Dr. Purcell, having been collected by Mr. J. L. Drege at Port Elizabeth. A.n., Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian, vol. xxvii., No. 4, p. 3. Two fine male specimens, sent by Dr. Purcell, from a small pond, at Hanover.
* APUS NAMAQUENSIS, Sars.
Apus namaquensis, Sars, Arch. Natury. Kristian., vol. xxi., No. 4, p. 6, pl. 1, figs. 1-8. “Taken by Mr. W. Sculley from some pond or vley in the Namaqualand,” and forwarded to Sars by Dr. Purcell.
* APUS SCULLEYI, Sars. Apus sculleyt, Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xxi., No. 4, pe L2; plead, aes. 9-13: One female specimen, taken by Mr. W. Sculley with the preceding species in the Namaqualand.
* APUS TRACHYASPIS, Sars. Apus trachyaspis, Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xxi., Non.4,, ps lo, pl 2, nes, 1. 2:
One female specimen, taken by Mr. J. L. Drege at Port Elizabeth together with A. numidicus, and sent to Sars for examination by Dr. Purcell, who called his attention to the peculiar scabrous surface of the carapace, and informed him that a male specimen with similar sculpturing was taken together with the female.
Tre CONCHOPHYLLA.
Conchostraca, Sars, Crust. d’eau douce, pp. 9, 6.
C., Sars, Fauna Norvegie, vol. i., p. 83.
Conchophylla, Stebbing, Eneycl. Brit., ed. 10, vol. xxviii. (Suppl. vol. iv.), p. 270.
456
1846.
1902.
1846.
1904.
1900.
1902.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Faminy LYNCEIDA.
}. Limnetide, Sars, Fauna Norvegie, vol. i., p. 116. . Lynceide, Stebbing, The Zoologist, p. 101. . L., Stebbing, Encycl. Brit., ed. 10, vol. xxviii. (Suppl. vol. iv.),
p. 270.
Gen. LYNCEUS, O. F. Miller.
. Lynceus (part), O. F. Miller, Zool. Dan. Prodr., pp. xxvii, 199. 5. L. (part), O. F. Miller, Entomostraca Danie et Norvegie,
pp. 34, 67. L., Leach, Encyclopedia Britannica, ed. 5 Suppl., art. Annulosa, p. 406.
Leach here assigns to the genus only Miiller’s L. brachyurus, which thus becomes a standard for the restricted genus Limnetis, Lovén, K. Vet. Ak. Handlingar for Ar 1845,
pp. 428, 430.
Since Lovén’s genus covers L. brachyurus, it must itself become a synonym of the genus Lynceus as restricted by Leach.
Lynceus, Stebbing, The Zoologist, p. 101.
LYNCEUS WAHLBERGII (Lovén). Limnetis wahlbergu, Lovén, K. Vet. Ak. Handl. for Ar 1845, p. 430, pl. 4. Taken by Wahlberg, along with Streptocephalus cafer above mentioned. LL. w., Gurney, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 299. Collected by Major Eckersley, at Kroonstad.
Finny CY ZICID AL
Esthervide, Sars, On some Indian Phyllopoda, p. 10.
Sars takes the family in a restricted sense, limiting it for the time to the two genera Hstheria, Riippell, and his own Leptestheria.
Leptestherude, Stebbing, Encycl. Brit., ed. 10, vol. xxviii. (Suppl. vol. iv.), p. 278.
As Hstheria lapsed by preoccupation, and as Leptestheria comprised its typical species H. dahalacensis, it seemed appropriate to found the family name on Leptestheria.
1837.
1837.
1842.
1846.
1846.
1898.
1904.
1905.
1905.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 487
But Cyzicus, Audouin, appears to be of earlier date than Estheria, and to have been recognised as synonymous with it, though for vagueness or some other reason usually dis- carded. At least provisionally, it is convenient to revive it for those species of Hstheria which have not been transferred to other genera, and which would otherwise be in want of a valid generic name.
CYZICUS, Audouin.
‘“« Cyzicus, Audouin, Ann. de la soc. entomologique, vi., 1837, Bulletin, p. x (Febr. 1837).”
“ Hstheria Rueppel, Museum Senkenbergianum II, 119, (1837).”’
“ Isaura Joly, Annales des sciences naturelles, seconde série, xvi, 293.”
Cyzicus, Lovén, K. Vet. Ak. Handlingar for Ar 1845, p. 428.
The first three references are borrowed from Lovén, who,
in giving precedence to Audouin and mentioning that his
paper dated from February, probably intended to emphasise
the priority of Cyzicus over Hstheria. Isaura, like Estheria,
is preoccupied.
CyzIcus AUSTRALIS, Lovén. Cyzicus australis, Lovén, K. Vet. Ak. Handl. for Ar 1845, p. 428, pl. 3. Taken in Natal, as described under Streptocephalus cafer.
* CyZICUS ELIZABETH (Sars).
Estheria elizabethe, Sars, Arch. Natury. Kristian., vol. xx., No. 4, p. 33, pl. 4. Bred out of the dried mud from the before-mentioned ylei in the neighbourhood of Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony. H. e., Gurney, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 299. Collected by Major HKckersley, at Kroonstad. FE. e., Sars, Arch. Natury. Kristian., vol. xxvii., No. 4, p. 3. Sent to Sars by Dr. Purcell, from a small pond in the barren regions of Cape Colony, at Hanover.
* CYZICUS OBLIQUUS (Sars).
Estheria obliqua, Sars, Arch. Natury. Kristian., vol. xxvil., Now4seppse, 10; ply 2,
488
1898. 1900.
1898;
1899.
1900.
1905.
Annals of the South African Musewm.
From the pond at Hanover. Sars expresses a doubt as to its identity with the species Hstheria lofti, Baird, recorded from Bagdad. Also he found it to be in some respects very similar outwardly to certain species of the genus Leptestheria, but concludes by saying: ‘It is, however, a true Hstheria, as is proved by the structure of the enclosed animal.”
Gren. LEPTESTHERIA, Sars.
Leptestheria, Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xx., No. 6, p. 9. L., Sars, On some Indian Phyllopoda, p. 10.
* LEPTESTHERIA MACGILLIVRAYI (Baird). Leptestheria stiliqva, Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xx., No sGfep, nl plas 25s:
Males and females, from a pool on Green Point Common, near Cape Town, were sent to Sars by the South African Museum. Sars says on this occasion: “ At first I was of the opinion that this form might be the Hstheria Macgillivrayi of Baird, which was procured from the very same region; but a closer comparison of the figures of the shell he gives, seems to forbid such an identification.”
L. s., Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xxi., No. 4, p. 23, plate.
Raised from dried mud sent to Sars by Dr. Purcell; also specimens received from the same gentleman, taken by him at Green Point Common ; others collected by Mr. J. L. Drege at Port Elizabeth, and a somewhat anomalous adult male, ‘taken by Mr. Sculley in the Bushmanland, accordingly in a rather remote region of South Africa.’ With this more abundant material available, Sars infers that beyond doubt ‘the 2 forms recorded by Baird as Hstheria Macquillwrayi and H. Rubidgei must be adduced to the same species.”’
L. siliqua, Sars, On some Indian Phyllopoda, p. 11.
Sars here again notes that Baird’s two species are con- generic with his Leplestheria siliqua, and that ‘in all prob- ability they are identical with L. siliqua.”’ But in that case Baird’s specific name should be adopted.
L. siliqva, Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xxvii., No. 4, p. 3.
A single male specimen, taken at Hanover, with four other
phyllopods.
1829. 1865. 1895. 1896. 1900.
1820. 1900.
1785.
1900.
1884.
1894.
1895.
1896.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 489
CLADOCERA.
Cladocera, Latreille, Le Régne Animal, vol. iv., p. 151.
C., Sars, Norges Ferskvandskrebsdyr, pt. 1, table to p. 21.
C., Richard, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 7, vol. xviil., p. 279.
C., Richard, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 8, vol. ii., p. 187.
C., Lilljeborg, Cladocera Sueciew, Nova Acta R. 8S. Upsal, Ser. 3, vol. xix.
Division CALYPTOMERA. Tris ANOMOPODA.
Famiry DAPHNIIDA.
Daphmdes, Straus, Mém. Mus. d’ Hist. Nat., vol. vi., p. 150. Daphnide, Lilljeborg, Cladocera Sueciz, pp. 13, 64.
Gen. DAPHNIA, O. F. Miller.
Daphnia, O. F. Miller, Entomostraca Danie et Norvegie, pp. 34, 79. D., Lilljeborg, Cladocera Suecie, p. 68.
DAPHNIA THOMSONI, Sars.
Daphna similis, Thomson, Tr. New Zealand Inst., vol. xvi., p. 240, pl. 13, figs. 6-9. D, thomsoni, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 5, p. 5, pl. 1.
Sars changes the name given by Thomson on the ground of its preoccupation by Claus for a species taken near Jerusalem.
D. t., Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 4.
Raised from ‘dried mud taken by Mr. Thesen from a swamp at Knysna, which is located some distance east of the Cape of Good Hope.”
D. sinulis, Claus, var. thomsoni, Richard, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 8, vol. i1., p. 217, pl. 25, figs. 13, 14.
Dr. Jules Richard, while commenting on the remarkably extensive distribution of D. similis, Claus, prefers to consider Thomson’s like-named species as simply a variety of the species earlier established by Claus.
33
490
1895.
1895.
1903.
1907.
1900. 1903.
Annals of the South African Museum.
DAPHNIA DOLICHOCEPHALA, Sars. Daphnia dolichocephala, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 4, phil.
From the swamp at Knysna just mentioned; hatched by Sars in two successive seasons abundantly, in the latter “after the bottom-residue had been kept in a dried state during the winter.”
DAPHNIA PROPINQVA, Sars. Daphnia propingva, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 9, pl. 2, figs. 1-8. From the Knysna mud; it “continued to live and propa- gate during the whole summer, at last filling the aquarium with myriads of individuals.”
Gren. CERIODAPHNIA, Dana.
. Ceriodaphma, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 1278. . C., Richard, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 8, vol. ii., p. 188. . C., Lilljeborg, Cladocera Sueciz, pp. 66, 183.
CERIODAPHNIA RIGAUDI, Richard.
. Ceriodaphnia rigaudi, Richard, Mém. Soc. Zool. France,
Vol. vil:, pz 239:
5. C.r., Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 12, pl. 2, figs. 9-15.
From the Knysna mud, “successfully domesticated during several succeeding seasons, increasing in number with each season,”
C. r., Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xxv., No. 8, p.,10.
CERIODAPHNIA NATALIS, Brady.
Ceriodaphnia natalis, Brady, Annals Natal Government Mus., vol. i., pt. 2, p. 180, pl. 32, figs. 3-7. Netted at Richmond, Natal, by Mr. James Gibson.
Gren. SIMOSA, Norman.
. Simocephalus (preoce.), Schoedler, Jahresb. iiber die
Louisenstidt. Realschule, p. 17. S., Lilljeborg, Cladocera Sueciz, pp. 66, 164. Simosa, Norman, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xi., p. 367.
1853.
1888.
1895.
1895.
1907.
1778.
1841.
1900.
1903.
1858.
1900.
1903.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 491
SIMOSA AUSTRALIENSIS (Dana).
Daphnia australiensis, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii, p. Late, ple 89, te. fia-e: Simocephalus a., Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forh. Christian., p. 15, pl. 2, figs. 1-8. S.a., Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 15. From the Knysna mud.
SIMOSA CAPENSIs (Sars).
Simocephalus capensis, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 16, pl. 3.
From the Knysna mud. The aquaria swarmed at last with individuals in different stages of development, and ‘“ contrary to what is generally the case, male specimens occurred at the close of the season in innumerable shoals.”
S.c.(?), Brady, Annals Natal Government Mus., vol. 1., pt. 2, p. 179, pl. 32, fig. 8. Collected by Mr. James Gibson, at Richmond, Natal.
* SIMOSA EXSPINOSA (de Geer).
Monoculus exspinosus ?, de Geer, Mém. Hist. Insectes, vol. vii., p. 457, pl. 27, figs. 9-13, pl. 28, figs. 1, 2. Daphnia exspinosa, Koch, Deutschlands Crust. Myr. Arachn., pt. 35, pl. 11. Simocephalus exspinosus, Lilljeborg, Cladocera Sueciz, p. 173, pl. 25, figs. 8-18, pl. 26, figs. 1-8. The preceding references are borrowed from Lilljeborg. S.e., Sars, Entom. from China and Sumatra, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xxv., No. 8, p. 8. “Cape of Good Hope (collection of Dr. Purcell).”
Gren. SCAPHOLEBERIS, Schoedler. Scapholeberis, Schoedler, Jahresb. iiber die Louisenstidt. Realschule, p. 23. S., Lilljeborg, Cladocera Sueciz, pp. 66, 150.
* SCAPHOLEBERIS KINGI, Sars.
Scapholeberis kingi, Sars, Entom. from China and Sumatra, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xxv., No. 8, p. 8, pl. 1, figs. 2 a-—c.
“ Cape of Good Hope (coll. of Dr. Purcell).”
492
1850. 1900.
1904.
1865.
1867.
1900. TESTON
1902.
1843. 1900.
1904.
1845. 1900. 1902. 1903.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Gren. MOINA, Baird.
Moina, Baird, British Entomostraca, Ray Soc., p. 100. M., Lilljeborg, Cladocera Suecie, pp. 66, 214.
MoINA BELLI, Gurney.
Moina bella, Gurney, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 299, pl. 18, figs. 3, 4. Collected by Major Eckersley, at Kroonstad.
Famiry MACROTRICHID A.
Lyncodaphmde, Sars, Norges Ferskvandskrebsdyr, pt. 1, p. 20.
Macrothricide, Norman and Brady, Nat. Hist. Tr. Northumb. and Durham, vol. i., pt. 3, p. 360.
Lyncodaphnide, Lilljeborg, Cladocera Suecie, p. 308.
Macrothricide, Sars, Entom. S. Amer., Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xxiii., p. 27.
Macrotrichide, Stebbing, Encycl. Brit., ed. 10, vol. xxviii. (Suppl. vol. iv.), p. 270.
Gren. MACROTHRIX, Baird. Macrothriz, Baird, Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. xi., p. 87. M., Lilljeborg, Cladocera Sueciz, pp. 310, 337.
MACROTHRIX AFFINIS, Brady.
Macrothrix affinis, Brady, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, vol. i., p. 127, pl. 8, figs. 63-65. Akin to M. laticornis (Jurine).. Collected by Mr. James Gibson, Resident Magistrate at Greytown, Natal, from pool in that neighbourhood.
Faminry CHYDORID A.
Lynceide, Baird, Trans. Berw. Nat. Club, vol. ii., p. 150. L., Lilljeborg, Cladocera Suecie, p. 381. Chydoride, Stebbing, The Zoologist, p. 105. C., Sars, Entomostraca from China and Sumatra, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xxv., No. 8, p. 13.
As already explained, the position of the genus Lynceus and a family Lynceidze in the Phyllopoda makes it impossible to retain the name Lynceide among the Cladocera.
1816.
1900.
1894.
1895.
1901,
IS OWE
1874.
1900.
1895.
1903.
1904.
1907.
1862.
1900
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 493
Gen. CHYDORUS, Leach.
Chydorus, Leach, Encyel. Brit., ed. 5, Suppl., p. 406, art. Annulosa. C., Lilljeborg, Cladocera Sueciz, pp. 400, 545.
CHyYporusS BARROISI (Richard).
Pleuroxus barroisi, Richard, Revue Biol. Nord France, vol. vi., p. 16. Chydorus b., Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 25, pl. 4, figs. 9-13. Bred from the mud of Knysna swamp. C. b., Sars, Entom. S. America, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xxili., p. 67, pl. 11, fig. 1 a—0.
CHybDorRuS GIBSONI, Brady.
Chydorus gibson, Brady, Annals Natal Gov. Mus., vol. i., pt. 2, p. 183, pl. 32, figs. 1, 2. Collected at Richmond, Natal, by Mr. James Gibson.
Gen. LEYDIGIA, Kurz.
Leydigia, Kurz, Sitzungsber. K. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lxx., pt. 1, prole L., Lilljeborg, Cladocera Sueciz, pp. 400, 492.
LEYDIGIA PROPINQVA, Sars.
Leydigia acanthocercoides, Sars (not Fischer), Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 18, pl. 4, figs. 1-4. Raised from the Knysna mud. L. propwnqva, Sars, Entom. China and Sumatra, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xxv., No. 8, p. 14, pl. 1, figs. 4, 4a. L. africana, Gurney, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 300, pl. 18, figs. 5-6. Collected by Major Eckersley from a water-hole on the veld at Kroonstad, O.R.C. According to Brady this species is a synonym of L. propingva. L. propinqua, Brady, Annals Natal Gov. Mus., vol. i., pt. 2, p: 181, pl. 31, figs. 12,13. From Richmond, collected by Mr. Gibson.
Gren. ALONOPSIS, Sars.
Alonopsis, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. Christian ., for 1861, p. 41. A., Lilljeborg, Cladocera Sueciz, pp. 400, 432.
494
1895.
1843.
1901.
1907.
1862. 1901.
1907.
1862.
1896.
1907.
1843. 1900.
1907.
Annals of the South African Musewm.
ALONOPSIS COLLETTI, Sars. Alonopsis colletti, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 22, pl. 4, figs. 5-8. Raised out of mud from the Knysna swamp, and dedicated to Professor R. Collett, the friend and colleague through whose intervention Sars obtained the material.
Gren. ALONA, Baird. Alona, Baird, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 1, vol. xi., p. 92.
ALONA GLABRA, Sars. Alona glabra, Sars, Entom. 8. Amer., Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol; xxul., p. 59, pl. 9; figs. 6, 6a. A. g., Brady, Annals Natal Gov. Mus., vol.i., pt. 2, p. 180. In gatherings by Mr. Gibson, at Richmond, Natal.
ALONA GUTTATA, Sars. Alona guttata, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. for 1861, p. 39. A.g., Sars, Entom.S. Amer., Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xxiii., p. Ol, pl. 9, figs. 3, 3a. A, g., Sars, var. parvula, Kurz, Brady, Annals Natal Gov. Mus., VO. 12, pt: 2,0p. 261: In gatherings by Mr. Gibson, at Richmond, Natal.
Gren. ALONELLA, Sars. Alonella, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. for 1861, p. 40.
ALONELLA CLATHRATULA, Sars. Alonella clathratula, Sars, Entom. Sydney, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., p. 43, pl. 6, figs. 7, 8. A.c., Brady, Annals Natal Gov. Mus., vol. i., pt. 2, p. 181. In gatherings by Mr. Gibson, at Richmond, Natal.
Gen. PLEUROXUS, Baird.
Pleuroxus, Baird, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 1, vol. xi., p. 93. P., Lilljeborg, Cladocera Sueciz, pp. 400, 527.
PLEUROXUS AssIMILIs, Brady. Pleuroxus assimilis, Brady, Annals Natal Gov. Mus,, vol. i., pt. 2, p. 182, pl. 32, figs. 9, 10. In gatherings by Mr. Gibson, at Richmond, Natal.
1802. 1806. 1821. 1825. 1829. SS.
1850.
1894.
1894,
1785. 1889.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 495
OSTRAPODA.
Ostrachoda (part), Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., vol. iil., Dedley.
Ostracoda (part), Latreille, Genera Crust. et Ins., vol. i., p. 17.
Ostrapodes, Straus, Mém. Mus. d’ Hist. Nat., vol. vii., p. 58.
Ostrapoda, Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust., p. 380.
Ostracoda, Latreille, Le Régne Animal, vol. iv., pp. 151, 158.
Ostrapoda, Latreille, Cours d’Entomologie, p. 429.
In 1829 Latreille, describing the second division of his ‘‘branchiopodes lophyropes,”’ says parenthetically, ‘ nos OstTRACODES ou l’ordre des ostrapodes de M. Straus,” a great injustice to Straus, persisted in to the present day. For even in 1825, Fam. Nat. du Régne Animal, p 300, Latreille retained the Cladocera among his Ostracoda, and originally they com- prised Phyllopoda as well, whereas the Ostrapoda of Straus, as Latreille in 1831 indirectly acknowledges, have no such confusion, and the termination of the name is in uniformity with that of the Branchiopoda and the Copepoda. Desmarest frankly adopted Ostrapoda, Straus. Lucas, in his Manual, 1840, uses the form ‘‘ Ostrapodes, Latreille.”’ The rest of us have been as sheep following their leader through a broken hedge.
Ostracoda, Baird, British Entomostraca, Ray Soce., p. 138.
Other references may be derived from those given in the list of species.
Tre PODOCOPA.
Podocopa, G. W. Miiller, F. und Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., p. 239. In this tribe Miller includes the Platycopa which Sars in 1865 separated from his tribe Podocopa.
Faminry CYPRIDIDA. Cypride, G. W. Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., p. 239.
GEN. CYPRIS, O. F. Miller. Cypris, O. EF. Miller, Entomostraca, p. 48.
C., Brady and Norman, Tr. R. Dublin Soc., Ser. 2, vol. iv., ele.
496
1895.
1908.
1895.
1904.
1904.
1907.
1908.
1908.
Annals of the South African Museum.
CYPRIS CORPULENTA, Sars. Cypris corpulenta, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 30, pl. 5, fig. 2 a-c. Raised from the mud of Knysna swamp. C.c., G. W. Miiller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., p. 150, figs. 1-6. From Plumstead, Zeekoe Vley, at Simonstown. Perhaps to be referred to Hurycypris, Miller, 1898.
CYPRIS TRIGONA, Sars. Cypris trigona, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 32, pl. 5, fig. 3 a-c. Raised from the mud of Knysna swamp
CypriIs INERMIS, Brady. Cypris imernus, Brady, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 125, pl. 8, figs. 44-49. From pools near Greytown, Natal, collected by Mr. James Gibson.
Cypris ARATRA, Brady. Cypris aratra, Brady, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 125, pl. 7, figs. 34, 38. From neighbourhood of Greytown, collected by Mr. Gibson.
CyPRIS INTUMESCENS, Brady.
Cypris itumescens, Brady, Annals Natal Gov. Mus., vol. i., pt. 2, p. 173, pl. 29, figs. 1-5. One specimen, obtained by Mr. Gibson, from Somkele, Zululand,
CYypriIs RADIATA, G. W. Miiller. Cypris radiata, Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., p. 146, figs. 1-8 in text. From Plumstead, Zeekoe Vley at Simonstown ; two un- fertilised female specimens.
CypRIS SYNGRAMMA, G. W. Miiller. Cypris syngramma, Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., p. 148, pl. 19, figs. 3, 6 and figs. 1-6 in text. Plumstead-Zeekoe Vley and Fishhoek at Simonstown; frequent.
1908.
1908.
1854. 1BS9:
1895.
1898.
1907.
1904.
1886.
1889.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 497
Cypris TricHoTA, G. W. Miller. Cypris trichota, Miller, Deutsche siidpol Exp., vol. x., p. 152, figs. 1-5 in text. Plumstead, Zeekoe Vley at Simonstown; rare.
CYPRIS CAPENSIS, G. W. Miiller. Cypris capensis, Miiller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., p. 158, pl. 19, fig. 2, and figs. 1-6 in text. Plumstead-Zeekoe Vley at Simonstown; frequent. Miiller regards this species, together with C. corpulenta and C. trichota, as a@ group near to his genus Hurycyprvs.
GEN. CYPRIA, Zencker. Cypria, Zencker, Arch. Naturg., vol. xx., p. 77. C., Brady and Norman, Trans. R. Dublin Soc., Ser. 2, vol. iv., p. 68. CYPRIA CAPENSIS, Sars. Cypria capensis, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 28, pl. 5, fig. 1 a-c. Bred out of mud from the Knysna swamp.
Cypria ARMATA, G. W. Miller.
Cypria armata, Miiller, Ostrac. in Voeltzkow’s Madagaskar und Ost-Afrika, vol. xxi., p. 261, pl. 18, figs. 1-5, 12. C.a., Brady, Annals Natal Gov. Mus., vol. i., pt. 2, p. 174,
pl. 29, figs. 6-11. Collected by Mr. James Gibson, at Pietermaritzburg.
CYPRIA CASTANEA, Brady. Cypria castanea, Brady, Proce. Zool. Soc., p. 125, pl. 7, figs. 40-42, pl. 8, fig. 43. Collected by Mr. Gibson, near Greytown, Natal. The species closely related to C. lacustris, Lilljeborg.
Gren. CYPRINOTUS, Brady. Cyprinotus, Brady, J. Linn. Soc., London, vol. xix., No. 114, p. 301. C., Sars, On Australian Ostracoda and Copepoda from dried mud, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. for 1889, No. 8, p. 5.
498
1895.
1896.
1908.
1889.
1895.
1895.
1902.
1907.
1867. 1868.
1895.
Annals of the South African Museum.
CYPRINOTUS AUREUS (Sars). Cypris aurea, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 34, pl. 5, fig. 4 a-C. Raised from the mud of Knysna swamp. Cyprinotus a., Sars, West Australian Entom., Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol, xvii., No. 1, p. 25.
CYPRINOTUS CAPENSIS, G. W. Miiller. Cyprinotus capensis, Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., pp. 62, 162, figs. 1-7. Found at Plumstead—Zeekoe Vley and Fishhoek (Simons- town).
Gren. CYCLOCYPRIS, Brady and Norman. Cyclocypris, Brady and Norman, Trans. R. Dublin Soce., Ser. 2, Vol sive, wpa: CYCLOCYPRIS PUSILLA, Sars.
Cyclocypris pusilla, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 36, pl. 5, fig. 5 a, b. Bred from the mud of Knysna swamp.
Gren. CYPRETTA, Vavra.
Cypretta, Vavra, Ostrac. Zanzibar, Jahrb. Hamburg. wiss. Anstalten, vol. xii.
CYPRETTA SARSI, Brady. Cypretta sarst, Brady, Trans. Zool. Soc., vol. xvi., pt. 4, p. 1985, pl. 25, figs. 10-15. C.s., Brady, Annals Natal Gov. Mus., vol. i., pt. 2, p. 174. Collected by Mr. Gibson, at Pietermaritzburg.
Gren. CYPRIDOPSIS, Brady.
Cypridopsis, Brady, Intellectual Observer, vol. xii., p. 117. C., Brady, Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. xxvi., pt. 2, p. 375.
CYPRIDOPSIS VIDUELLA, Sars. Cypridopsis viduella, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 41, pl. 6, fig. 2 a, b. Raised from the mud of Knysna swamp.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 499
CYPRIDOPSIS ASSIMILIS, Sars.
1895. Cypridopsis assimilis, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 42, pl. 6 fig. 3a, b. Bred with the preceding species.
CYPRIDOPSIS PUNCTILLATA, Brady.
1907. Cypridopsis punctillata, Brady, Annals Natal Goy. Mus., vol.i., pt. 2, p. 175, pl. 31, figs. 7-15. Obtained by Mr. Gibson, at Pietermaritzburg.
CYPRIDOPSIS TRIQUETRA, G. W. Miiller.
1908. Cypridopsis triquetra, Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., pp. 62, 164, figs. 1-9. Fished at Plumstead, Zeekoe Vley (Simonstown).
CYPRIDOPSIS ECHINATA, G. W. Miller.
1908. Cypridopsis echinata, Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., pp. 62, 165, figs. 1-6. Fishhoek, tolerably abundant.
CYPRIDOPSIS ACULEATA (Costa).
1846 (?). Cypris aculeata, Costa, Fauna Reg. Napoli, p. 11, pl. 3,
fig. 5. 1908. Cypridopsis a., G. W. Miiller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., pp. 62, 167.
Plumstead, Zeekoe Vley (Simonstown), abundant.
CYPRIDOPSIS GREGARIA (Sars).
1895. Potamocypris gregaria, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 43, pl. 6, fig. 4 a-c.
Bred from the mud of the Knysna swamp, developing, Sars
says, in immense quantities in some of his aquaria, with not
a single male to be detected in three or four successive
seasons.
1908. Cypridopsis g., G. W. Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x.,
p. 165 footnote.
Gren. PROTEOCYPRIS, Brady.
1907. Proteocypris, Brady, Tr. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northumb. and Dur- ham, new ser., vol. i., p. 334.
500
1907.
1907.
1889. 1896.
1898.
1307:
1904.
1910.
1908.
1895. 1908.
1895.
Annals of the South African Museum.
PROTEOCYPRIS RENIFORMIS, Brady.
Proteocypris veniformis, Brady, Annals Natal. Gov. Mus., vol. a., pt. 2p. 176, pls 30; tgs) eo: Collected by Mr. Gibson, at Somkele, Natal.
PrROTEOCYPRIS (?) GLOBULOIDES, Brady.
Proteocypris (?) globuloides, Brady, Annals Natal Gov. Mus., vol. i., pt. 2, p. 177, pl. 30, figs. 10-18. Collected by Mr. Gibson, at Richmond, Natal.
Gren. STENOCYPRIS, Sars.
Stenocypris, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. for 1889, No. 8. S., Brady and Norman, Trans. R. Soe. Dublin, Ser. 2, vol. v., p. 722.
STENOCYPRIS ALDABRH&, G. W. Miiller.
Stenocypris aldabre, Miller, Ostrac. in Voeltzkow’s Mada- gaskar u. Ost-Afrika, vol. xxi., p. 275, pl. 7, figs. 1-8. S.a., Brady, Annals Natal Gov. Mus., vol. i., pt. 2, p. 178,
pl. 31, figs. 1-6. Collected by Mr. Gibson at Pietermaritzburg.
STENOCYPRIS PERARMATA, Brady. Stenocypris perarmata, Brady, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 126, pl. 8, figs. 00-57. Collected by Mr. Gibson, near Greytown, Natal. S.., Sars, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 750, pl. 72, figs. 8-10.
STENOCYPRIS AMETRA, G. W. Miller.
Stenocypris ametra, Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x.,
p. 171 (typica), figs. 1-6; p. 173 (var. menor), figs. in text.
The typica form was obtained in the vley at Lakeside (Simonstown), the var. minor at Fishhoek.
Gren. CYPRICERCUS, Sars.
Cypricercus, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 37. C., G. W. Miiller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., p. 155.
CYPRICERCUS CUNEATUS, Sars.
Cypricercus cuneatus, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 38, pl. 6, fig. 1 a—-h,
1908.
1908.
1894.
1851.
1883:
1894.
1895.
1898.
1898.
1907.
1898
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 501
CYPRICERCUS EPISPHmNA, G. W. Miller. Cypricercus episphena, Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., p. 155, figs. 1-8. From Plumstead—Zeekoe Vley and Fishhoek at Simons- town ; very abundant.
CyprRICERCUS MACULATUS, G. W. Miller. Cypricercus maculatus, Miiller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., p. 157, figs. 1-8. C. maculata on p. 62. Plumstead to Zeekoe Vley at Simonstown ; not abundant.
Gen. CANDONOCYPRIS, Sars.
Candonocypris, Sars, Entom. N. Zealand, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 5, p. 34.
CANDONOCYPRIS CANDONOIDES (King).
Cypris candonoides, King, Proc. R. S. van Diemen’s Land, VOlu., purl pa G0, \pl. x. E-
Herpetocypris stanleyana, Sars, Ostrac. from Austral. mud, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl., p. 35, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2, pl. 5, figs, 5, 6.
Candonocypris candonoides, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 5, p. 35, pl. 5, fig. 1 a-c.
C. c., Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 40.
Bred from the mud of Knysna swamp.
Gen. ONCOCYPRIS, G. W. Miller.
Oncocypris, Miller, Ostrac. in Voeltzkow’s Madagaskar und Ost-Afrika, vol. xxi.
ONCOCYPRIS VOELTZKOWI, G. W. Miiller. Oncocypris voeltzkowt, Miller, in Voeltzkow’s Madag., vol. XXl p. 288, pli 1, figs. 1—18. O. v., Brady, Annals Natal Gov. Mus., vol. i., pt. 2, p. 179.
Plentiful in Mr. Gibson’s gatherings from Richmond and Pietermaritzburg.
Gen. MEGALOCYPRIS, Sars. Megalocypris, Sars, Arch. Natury. Kristian., vol. xx., No. 8, p- 3.
1898.
1898.
1908.
1908.
1908.
1898.
1908.
1867.
Annals of the South African Musewn.
* MEGALOCYPRIS PRINCEPS, Sars. Megalocypris princeps, Sars, Arch. Natury., vol. xx., No. 8, DAO; spa From a pond on Green Point Common, near Cape Town, and supplied to Sars by the South African Museum. Male reaching 7 mm. in length, female rather longer.
MEGALOCYPRIS HODGSONI, Sars. Megalocypris hodgson, Sars, Arch. Natury., vol. xx., No. 8,
p. 5. Raised from dried mud, from shallow lake near Port
Elizabeth.
Gen. ISOCYPRIS, G. W. Miller.
Isocypris, Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., pp. 62, 159. Miller is uncertain as to its distinctness from Amphicypris, Sars, 1902.
IsocyPRIS PERANGUSTA, G. W. Miiller.
Tsocypris perangusta, Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., pp. 62, 159, figs. 1-7. From Plumstead, Zeekoe Vley (Simonstown).
IsocyPRIS PRIOMENA, G. W. Miiller.
Isocypris priomena, Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., pp. 62, 161, figs. 1-6. From Plumstead, Zeekoe Vley (Simonstown).
Gren. ZONOCYPRIS, G. W. Miiller. Zonocypris, Miller, Ostrac. in Voeltzkow’s Madagaskar und Ost-Afrika, vol. xxi., p. 284. ZONOCYPRIS TUBEROSA, G. W. Miiller.
Zonocypris tuberosa, Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., pp. 62, 167, figs. 1-5. Plumstead, Zeekoe Vley at Simonstown.
MARINE CYPRIDIDAi.
Gren. MACROCYPRIS, Brady. Macrocypris, Brady, Intellectual Observer, vol. xii., p. 119.
1865.
1880.
1908.
1908.
1880.
1908.
1908.
1894. 1908.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 503
Macrocypris MACULATA (Brady). Cytherideis maculata, Brady, Trans. Zool. Soc., vol. v., p. 367, pl. 57, fig. 12 a-b. Macrocypris m., Brady, Challenger Ostracoda, Reports, vol. 1., p. 44, pl. 1, fig. 2 a-d. Dredged at Simon’s Bay, at 27 to 37 m. depth.
Macrocyrpris pispar, G. W. Miiller.
Macrocypris dispar, Miiller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., pp. 62, 96, pl. 13, figs. 1-7. At Simonstown.
Macrocypris AFRICANA, G. W. Miller.
Macrocypris africana, Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., pp: 62,97, pl. 12; figs: 10, 11; 14-17. At Simonstown.
Gen. PONTOCYPRIS, Sars.
. Pontocypris, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. for 1865, p. 13.
PontTocypris (?) SUBRENIFORMIS, Brady.
Pontocypris (2) subreniformis, Brady, Challenger Ostracoda, Reports, vol. i., p. 35, (Pontocypris (2) subtriangularis on) pl. 15, fig. 6 a-d.
Dredged in Simon’s Bay, South Africa, at 27 to 37 m. depth.
Pontocypris GAussi, G. W. Miiller.
Pontocypris gausst, Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., pp. 62, 98, pl. 13, figs. 14-18. At Simonstown.
PontTocyprRis FLAVA, G. W. Miiller.
Pontocypris flava, Miller,’ Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., pp. 62, 98, pl. 13, figs. 19-24.
Famity NESIDEIDA
Bairdude, G. W. Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., p. 265. Nesideide, G. W. Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., De oo.
504 Annals of the South African Museum.
Gen. NESIDEA, O. G. Costa. 1846. Nesidea, Costa, Fauna Reg. Napoli, undated, but proving itself not earlier than 1844. 1894. Bairdia, G. W. Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., p. 267. 1908. Nesidea, G. W. Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., p. 99. In adopting the name Neszdea from Miiller, I presume that he is right in distinguishing Costa’s genus from McCoy’s fossil genus Bairdia, 1844. NESIDEA OvATA (?) (Bosquet). 1853. Bairdia ovata, Bosquet, Crust. foss. Limbourg, p. 63, pl. 5, fig. 6 a-d. 1865. B. o., Brady, Trans. Zool. Soc., vol. v., p. 364, pl. 57, fig. 7 a-c. 1880. B. o. (?), Brady, Challenger Ostracoda, Reports, vol. i., p. 53, pl. 7, fig. 3 a-d. Simon’s Bay, South Africa, at 27 to 37 m. depth. The earlier references are taken from the Challenger Report.
Faminy CYTHERIDA. 1894. Cytheride, G. W. Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., p. 276.
Gren. CYTHERH, O. F. Miiller. 1785. Cythere, O. F. Miller, Entomostraca, p. 63.
CYTHERE EXILIS, Brady. 1880. Cythere exilis, Brady, Challenger Ostracoda, Reports, vol. i., p. 69, pl. 16, fig. 5 a-h. Simon’s Bay, from 27-37 m. depth.
CYTHERE CYTHEROPTEROIDES, Brady. 1880. Cythere cytheropteroides, Brady, Challenger Ostracoda, Reports, vol.i., p. 78, pl. 15, fig. 5 a-d. Off the Cape of Good Hope, at depth of 274 m.
CYTHERE FLABELLiIcosTaTA, Brady. 1880. Cythere flabellicostata, Brady, Challenger Ostracoda, Reports, vol. i., p. 88, pl. 13, fig. 6 ah. Simon’s Bay, between 27 and 37 m. depth.
1880.
1880.
1880.
1865. 1894.
1880.
1865. 1894.
1880.
1908.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 505
CYTHERE CRATICULA, Brady. Cythere craticula, Brady, Challenger Ostracoda, Reports, vol. i., p. 89, pl. 21, fig. 7 a-d. Simon’s Bay, between 27 and 37 m. depth.
CYTHERE STOLONIFERA, Brady. Cythere stolonifera, Brady, Challenger Ostracoda, Reports, vol. 1., p. 89, pl. 21, fig. 3 a-d. Simon’s Bay, between 27 and 37 m. depth.
CyTHERE LEPRALIOIDES, Brady. Cythere lepralioides, Brady, Challenger Ostracoda, Reports, vol. i., p. 94, pl. 19, fig. 5 a-d. At Simon’s Bay, between 27 and 37 m., and off the Cape in 274 m.
Gren. LOXOCONCHA, Sars.
Loxoconcha, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. for 1865, p. 61. L., G. W. Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., p. 342.
LoxocoNCHA SUBRHOMBOIDEA, Brady. Loxoconcha subrhomboidea, Brady, Challenger Ostracoda, Reports, vol. i., p. 121, pl. 28, fig. 4 a-d. At Simon’s Bay, between 27 and 37 m.
Gren. XESTOLEBERIS, Sars.
Xestoleberis, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. for 1865, p. 66. X., G. W. Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., p. 332.
XESTOLEBERIS AFRICANA, Brady.
Xestoleberis africana, Brady, Challenger Ostracoda, Reports, vol. 1., p. 126, pl. 30, fig. 4 a-o. At Simon’s Bay, between 27 and 37 m.
XESTOLEBERIS CAPENSIS, G. W. Miiller. Xestoleberis capensis, Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., pp. 62, 127, figs. 1-10. Simonstown; abundant. 34
1908.
1865.
1880.
1880.
1880.
Annals of the South African Musewm.
XESTOLEBERIS RAMOSA, G. W. Miller.
Xestoleberis ramosa, Miller, Deutsche siidpol, Exp., vol. x., p. 128, figs. 1-8. At Simonstown, less abundant than X. capensis.
Gen. CYTHERURA, Sars. Cytherura, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. for 1865, p. 69.
CYTHERURA MUCRONATA, Brady.
Cytherura mucronata, Brady, Challenger Ostracoda, Reports, vol. 1., p. 143, pl. 32; fig. 9 ad: At Simon’s Bay, between 27 and 37 m.
CYTHERURA CLAUSI, Brady.
Cytherura clausi, Brady, Challenger Ostracoda, Reports, vol. 1., p. 134, pl. 32, fig. 8 a-d. At Simon’s Bay, between 27 and 37 m.
Kawmmy CYTHERELLIDA.
. Cytherellide, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. for 1865, p. 124. . C., G. W. Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., pp. 384, 390.
Gren. CYTHERELLA, Rupert Jones.
. Cytherella (subgen), Jones, Cretaceous Entom. England,
Paleont. Soc., p. 28.
. C., Bosquet, Mem. Say. Etr. Acad. Belg., vol. xxiv.,
Dp. -9:
. C.,G. W. Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol xxi., p. 386.
The reference to Bosquet is borrowed from Miller, but Brady i 80 seems to be right in giving Rupert Jones priority, though in 1868 he himself had assigned the genus to Bosquet.
CYTHERELLA DROMEDARIA, Brady.
Cytherella dromedaria, Brady, Challenger Ostracoda, Reports, vol. i., p. 173, pl. 48, fig. 6 a, b. St. Simon’s Bay, between 27 and 37 m.
1894
1865. 1894.
1865. 1894.
1865.
1880.
1853. 1894. 1906.
1853.
1906.
1853.
1890.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 507
Tre MYODOCOPA.
Myodocopa, G. W. Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., pp. 202, 390.
Miller here includes the Polycopide, a family for which Sars instituted the Cladocopa as a separate tribe.
Haminve POLY COPID AL:
Polycopide, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. for 1865, p. 121. P., G. W. Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., pp. 231, 390.
Gren. POLYCOPE, Sars.
Polycope, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. for 1865, p. 121. P., G. W. Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., p. 233.
POLYCOPE ORBICULARIS, Sars. Polycope orbicularis, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. for 1865, p. 122. P.0., Brady, Challenger Ostracoda, Reports, vol. i., p. 169. ‘“‘ Off the Cape of Good Hope (?), 150 fathoms,” 274 m.
Fawmy HALOCYPRIDA.
Halocypride, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 1281.
H., G. W. Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., pp. 221, 390.
H., G. W. Miller, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsche Tiefsee Exp., Valdivia Ostracoda, vol. viii., p. 30.
Gen. HALOCYPRIS, Dana. Halocypris, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., pp. 1277, 1281, 1301. H., G.W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, Reports, vol. viil., p. 46.
~ HALOCYPRIS INFLATA, Dana. Halocypris inflata, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 1301, pl. 91, fig. 8, a-z, k. H. pelagica, Claus, Arbeit. Zool. Inst. Wien., vol. ix., p. 25.
508
1905.
1906.
1908.
1874.
1906.
1849. 1906.
1890.
1906.
1890.
1905.
1906.
Annals of the South African Museum.
H. p., Cleve, Marine Investigations in S. Africa, vol. iv., p. 131. Agulhas Current, off Port Shepstone, 900 m. Sent by Dr. Gilchrist. H. inflata, G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 50, pl. 7 (3), figs. 19-28. Lat. 34° 31'S., long. 26° 0’ E., depth 1,000 m., and lat. 35° 32’ S., long. 18° 20’ E.., depth 2,000 m. H.1., G. W. Miiller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., pp. 57, 65. Port Natal, surface.
HALOCYPRIS GLOBOSA (Claus).
Halocypria globosa, Claus, Schriften zool. Inhalts, Wien, pt. 2, p: @, pk 3, fies. 36,39: Halocypris g., G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, pp. 47, 188, pl. 8 (4), figs. 13-16, pl. 35 (31), fig. 1. Miller, from whom the reference to Claus is taken, names this species, with many others, as obtained at lat. 36° 32'S., long. 18° 20’ E., outside the Agulhas Bank, depth 2,000 m.
Gen. CONCHGCIA, Dana. Conchecia, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. 11., p. 51. Conchecia, G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 51. Except the citations from Professor Cleve, the records for this genus and its immediate neighbours depend almost entirely on Miiller’s important work here cited.
CONCHG@CIA SPINIFERA (Claus).
Paraconchecia spinifera, Claus, Arbeit. zool. Inst. Wien, vol, ix, p: 14. Conchacia s.,G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 56, pl. 9 (5), figs. 1-10, 14, 15. Lat. 35° 32’ S., long. 18° 20’ E., depth 2,000 m.
* CONCHECIA OBLONGA (Claus). Paraconchecia oblonga, Claus, Arbeit. zool. Inst. Wien, vol. ix., pe lse P. o., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol.iv., p. 132. Agulhas Current, off Port Shepstone, 530 m. Conchecia o., G. W. Miiller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 58, pl. 9 (5), figs. 11-13, 16-25. Lat. 34° 31’ S., long. 26° 0’ E., 1,000 m., and lat. 35° 32'S., long. 16° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
1906
1906.
1865. 1906.
1906.
1894.
1906.
1908.
1890.
1905.
1906.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 509
CoNCHG&CIA ALLOTHERIUM, G. W. Miiller.
Conchecia allotherium, Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 59, pl. 11 (7), figs. 15-19. Lat. 35° 32’ S., long. 18° 20’ E.., 2,000 m.
ConcHa@cra HIRSUTA, G. W. Miiller. Conchecia hirsuta, Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 60, pl. 11 (7), figs. 1-3, 6-10. Lat. 35° 32’ §., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
CoNCH@CIA ELEGANS, Sars.
Conchecia elegans, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. for 1865, p. 117.
C. e., G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 69, pl. 13 (9), figs. 10, 11, 19-16.
Lat. 34° 31'S., long. 16° 0’ E., 1,000 m., and lat. 35° 32’ 8., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
CoNCH@CIA BRACHYASKOS, G. W. Miiller. Conchecia brachyaskos, Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 70, pl. 14 (10), figs. 1, 2, 7-14. (C. brachyascos in 1908.) Lat. 35° 32' §., long. 18° 20' E., 2,000 m.
ConcH@cIA PROCERA, G. W. Miller.
Conchecia procera, Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., p. 228, pl. 6, figs. 47, 48, 50-58. C. p., Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 71, pl. 13 (9), figs. 37-47, pl. 14 (10), figs. 3-6. Lat. 34° 31’ S., long. 26° 0’ E., 1,000 m., and lat. 35° 32’ S., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m. C. p., Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., pp. 57, 68. Port Natal, surface.
* CONCH@CIA ACUMINATA (Claus).
Conchecetta acuminata, Claus, Arbeit. zool. Inst. Wien vol? 1x, pa Le: C. a., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iv., p. 135. Agulhas Current, Cape Natal, W. by N. 64 miles, 97 m. Sent by Dr. Gilchrist. Conchecia a., G. W. Miiller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 176, pl. 15 (11), figs. 17-23. Lat. 34° 31' S., long. 26° 0’ E., 1,000 m.
510
1865.
1906.
1906.
1906.
1891.
1906.
1860.
1906.
1908.
1906.
Annals of the South African Musewm.
CONCHGCIA OBTUSATA, Sars.
Conchecia obtusata, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. for 1865, paalis: C. 0., var. antarctica, G. W. Miiller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 77, pl. 16 (12), figs. 10-23. Lat. 35° 32’ S., long., 18° 20’ H., 2,000 m.
CoNCH@CIA KYRTOPHORA, G. W. Miiller.
Conchecia kyrtophora, Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 82, pl. 17 (13) 3 figst) 1-110; Lat. 35° 32’ §., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
CoNCH@CIA NASOTUBERCULATA, G. W. Miiller.
Conchecia nasotuberculata, Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 83, pl. 18 (14), figs. 25-30. Lat. 34° 31' S., long. 26° 0’ E., 1,000 m., and lat. 35° 32' S., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
CoNCH@CIA ROTUNDATA, G. W. Miiller.
Conchecia rotundata, Miller, Zool. Jahrb., vol. v., p. 275, pl. 28, figs. 41-43, pl. 29, fig. 44. C. r., Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 83, pl. 17 (18), figs. 23-34. Lat. 33° 20’ S., long. 15° 58’ E., Benguela Current, 200 m., lat. 34° 31' §., long. 26° 0’ E., 1,000 m., and lat. 35° 32'S. long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
ConcHa@cr1a curtTA, Lubbock.
Conchecia curta, Lubbock, Trans. Linn. Soe., vol. xxiii., p: 188; pl 295 figs. dil, 32 C. c., G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 86, pl. 30 (26), figs. 1-9. Lat. 35° 32’ S., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m. C.c., G. W. Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., p. 87. Port Natal, surface.
ConcHa@cra acuTicostTa, G. W. Miiller. Conchecia acuticosta, Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, 1D, eit pl. 30 (26), figs. 18-21. Lat. 35° 32’ S., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
1887.
1890. 1894.
1905.
1SO1.
1906.
1896.
1905,
1906.
1890.
1905.
1906.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 511
* CONCHECIA “CLAUSIL (Sars).
FHalocypris clausti, Sars, Ostrac. Mediterranea, p. 87, pl. 11, figs. 7-10, pl. 14, figs. 6-18.
Microconchecia c., Claus, Arbeit. zool. Inst. Wien, p. 22.
Conchecia c., G. W. Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., p. 230, pl. 6, figs. 21, 23-30, pl. 8, figs. 31, 32.
Microconchecia c., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iv., pads
Agulhas Current, off Port Shepstone, 530-990 m. Sent by Dr. Gilchrist.
CoNCH@CIA ECHINULATA (Claus).
Microconchecia clausii, var. echinulata, Claus, Halocypriden Atl. Oc. u. Mittelmeeres, pl. 20, figs. 1-6 (? var. levis, p. 79). Conchecia echinulata, G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 88, pl. 30 (26), figs. 10-17. Lat. 34° 31'S., long. 26° 0’ E., 1,000 m.
* CoNCH@CIA HADDONI, Brady and Norman.
Conchecia haddoni, Brady and Norman, Trans. R. Dublin Soc., Ser. 2, vol. v., p. 690, pl. 64, figs. 6-16. C. h., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iv., p. 130. Agulhas Current, Port Shepstone, NW. by W. 2? N., 12 miles, 580 m. Sent by Dr. Gilchrist. C. h. (2), G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 89, pl. 18 (14), figs. 1-10. Lat. 34° 31' S., long. 26° 0’ E., 1,000 m., and lat. 35° 32’ S., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
* CONCH@CIA BISPINOSA, Claus.
Conchecia bispinosa, Claus, Arbeit. zool. Inst. Wien, vol. ix., pO: C. b., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iv., p. 129.
Agulhas Current, Cape Natal, N. by E., 24 miles, 780 m., and Port Shepstone, NW. by W. 2 N., 12 miles, 530-900 m. Sent by Dr. Gilchrist.
C. b., G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 90, pl. 18 (14), figs. 12-19.
Lat. 34° 31' S., long. 26° 0' E., 1,000 m., and lat. 35° 32’ S.,
long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
512
1856.
1906.
1894.
1906.
1906,
1874.
1906.
1906.
1906.
1890.
Annals of the South African Museum.
ConcHa@crIa ATLANTICA (Lubbock).
Halocypris atlantica, Lubbock, Trans. Entom. Soc. London, n. ser., vol. iv., p. 28, pl. 12, figs. 1-8, Conchecia a., G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 92, pl. 5 (1), figs. 6, 7, pl. 19 (18), figs. 17-28. Lat. 35° 32’ S., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
CoNCHGCIA LORICATA (Claus).
Conchecissa loricata, Claus, Denkschriften Ak. Wien, vol. 1x1., p. 4, pl. 3, figs. 24-30. Conchecia 1., G. W. Miiller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 95, pl. 22 (18), figs. 1-9. Lat. 34° 31’ S., long. 26° 0’ E., 1,000 m., and lat. 35° 32’ &., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
CONCH@CIA CTENOPHORA, G. W. Miiller.
Conchacia ctenophora, Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 96, pl. 22 (18), figs. 16-20, 29. Lat. 35° 32’ S., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
CoNCH@®CIA SERRULATA, Claus. Conchecia serrulata, Claus, Schriften zool. Inhalts, Wien, pb. 1, sp: 6; pl. A ahigs 52556, bbe, Soli) C.s., G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 97, pl. 22 (18), fig, 24, pl. 23 (19), figs. 20-30. Lat. 35° 32’ §., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
CoNCH@CIA LOPHURA, G. W. Miller.
Conchecia lophura, Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 99, pl. 20 (16), figs. 1-10. Lat. 35° 32’ S., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
CONCH@CIA PARVIDENTATA, G. W. Miller.
Conchecia parvidentata, Miiller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 100, pl. 20 (16), figs. 11-18. Lat. 35° 32' S., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
CoNCH@CIA HYALOPHYLLUM, Claus.
Conchecia hyalophyllum, Claus, Arbeit. zool. Inst. Wien, Vol-ix., ip; dale
1906.
1890.
1905.
1906.
1874.
1905.
1906.
1888.
1905.
1874.
1906.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 513
C.h., G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 101, pl. 20 (16), figs. 19-26. Lat. 35° 32’ §., long. 12° 20' E.., 2,000 m.
** CONCHGCIA SUBARCUATA, Claus.
Conchecia subarcuata, Claus, Arbeit. zool. Inst. Wien, vol. ix., DD: : C. s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iv., p. 180.
Agulhas Current, Cape Natal, N. by E., 24 miles, 780 m., and W. by N., 6% miles, 97 m., and Port Shepstone, 530 m.
C. s.,G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 102, pl. 21 (17), figs. 10-16, 19.
Lat. 34° 31’ S., long. 26° 0’ E., 1,000 m., and lat. 35° 32' S.,
long. 18° 20' E., 2,000 m.
* CONCHG@CIA MAGNA, Claus.
Conchecia magna, Claus, Schriften. zool. Inhalts, Wien, pt. 1, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 6c, pl. 2, figs. 16, 18. C. m., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iv., p. 180. Agulhas Current, Port Shepstone, 530-900 m. C.m., G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 108, pl. 21 (17), figs. 17, 18, 20, 26. Var. typica, at lat. 34° 31’ S., long. 26° 0’ E., 1,000 m., and lat. 35° 32’ §., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
** CONCHECIA STRIOLATA, Sars. Conchecia striolata, Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xii., p. 256, pl. 14, figs. 1-5. C.s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iv., p. 130. Agulhas Current, Port Shepstone, 530m. A single speci- men, sent by Dr. Gilchrist.
CoNCHGCIA SPINIROSTRIS, Claus.
Conchecia spinirostris, Claus, Schriften zool. Inhalts, Wien, Dive a pO plelnemecsaieeGa G,. pl: 2, hes: «11, ie kay
C.s.,G. W. Miiller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 104, pl. 22 (18), figs. 21-23, 25-28.
Lat. 34° 31’ S., long. 26° 0’ E., 1,000 m., and lat. 35° 32’ S.,
long 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
1906.
1906.
1906.
1906.
1906.
1880.
1905.
1906.
Annals of the South African Museum.
CoNCH@CIA AMBLYPOSTHA, G. W. Miiller.
Conchecia amblypostha, Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 108, pl. 24 (20), figs. 17-22. Lat. 35° 32’ S., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
ConcHe@cia TyLopA, G. W. Miiller.
Conchecia tyloda, Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, pp. 109, 138, pl. 25 (21), figs. 2-13, Lat. 34° 20' §., long. 18° 36’ E., 70 m., in Simon’s Bay.
CoNCH@CIA RHYNCHENA, G. W. Miiller.
Conchecia rhynchena, Miler, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 113, pl. 26 (22), figs. 17-25. Lat. 35° 32’ §., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
ConcHa@cIA syMMETRICA, G. W. Miller.
Conchecia symmetrica, Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 117, pl 27 (23), fies. 7, 8, 13,815, 16: Lat. 35° 32' §., long. 18° 20' E., 2,000 m.
ConcHa@cIA AMETRA, G. W. Miiller. Conchecia ametra, Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 117, pl. 27 (23), figs. 11, 12, 14, 17-19.
Lat. 35° 32' §., long. 18° 20' E., 2,000 m.
In the Ostracoda of the Deutsche siidpol. Exp., p. 78, Miller gives C. insignis, Vavra, 1906, and C. rittert, Juday, 1906, as synonyms of this species, but no longer includes ‘« 2 Halocypris umbricata, Brady, 1880,” in the synonymy.
* CONCHGCIA IMBRICATA (Brady).
Halocypris imbricata (part), Brady, Challenger Ostracoda, Reports, vol. i., p. 167, pl. 41, figs. 1-10, pl. 42, figs. 1-8.
Conchacissa 7., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iv., p. 131.
West Coast, Table Mountain, N. 79° E., 40 miles, 450 m. ;
Agulhas Current, Cape Natal, 780 m., and off Port Shepstone,
530-900 m. Sent by Dr. Gilchrist.
Conchecia 7., G. W. Miiller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 118, pl. 28 (24), figs. 1-6.
Lat. 34° 31' S., long. 26° 0' H., 1,000 m., and lat. 35° 32’ S.,
long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
1906.
1890.
1905.
1906.
1891.
1890:
1905.
1906.
1894.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 515
ConcHacia CHUNI, G. W. Miiller. Cenchecia chuni, Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 124, pl. 31 (27), figs. 16-28. Lat. 35° 32’ S., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
* CONCH@CIA DAPHNOIDES (Claus). Conchecilla daphnoides, Claus, Arbeit. zool. Inst. Wien, VOI Ise aelG: C.d., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iv., p. 130. West Coast, Table Mountain, N. 79° E., 40 miles, 450 m. ; Agulhas Current, Cape Natal, N. by E., 24 miles, 780 m.
. C. lacerta, Brady and Norman, Trans. R. Dublin Soe., Ser. 2,
vol. v., p. 697, pl. 62, figs. 1-4, pl. 65, figs. 1-10.
. C.1., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iv., p. 130.
Agulhas Current, Cape Natal, N. by E., 24 miles, 780 m., and off Port Shepstone, 530-900 m. Brady and Norman regard this species as closely akin to C. daphnoides, with which Miiller definitely unites it.
Conchacia daphnoides, G. W. Miiller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 126, pl. 31 (27), figs. 1-15.
Lat. 34° 31’ S., long. 26° 0’ E., 1,000 m., and lat. 35° 32’ S., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m. Miiller distinguishes two varieties as typica and minor.
Gen. EUCONCHCECIA, G. W. Miller. Huconchecia, Miller, Zool. Jahrb., vol. v., p. 267.
* HKUCONCHGCIA CHIERCHIZ, G. W. Miiller.
Huconchecia chierchiea, Miller, Zool. Jahrb., vol. v., p. 277, pl. 28, figs. 1-10. i. c., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iv., p. 131. Agulhas Current, off Port Shepstone, 900 m. E. c., Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 128, pl. 32 (28), figs. 8-17, Lat, 34° 31’ §., long. 26° 0’ E., 1,000 m., and lat. 35° 26'S, long. 20° 56’ K., Agulhas Bank, 80 m.
Gren. ARCHICONCHGCIA, G. W. Miiller.
Archiconchecia, Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., p. 225.
516
1894.
1906
1902
1905
1906
1850. 1868.
1894.
1838.
1840.
1897.
1906.
1905.
Annals of the South African Museum.
ARCHICONCH@CIA STRIATA, G. W. Miiller. Archiconchacia striata, Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., p. 125, pl. 6, figs. 31-46, pl. 8, fig. 34. A. s., Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 45, pl. 7 (8), figs. 13-17. Lat. 34° 31’ S., long. 26° 0’ E., 1,000 m.
* ARCHICONCH@CIA CUCULLATA (Brady).
Conchecissa cucullata, Brady, Trans. Zool. Soc., vol. xvi., pt. 4, p. 191, pl. 24, figs. 1-8. C.c., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, p. 131. Agulhas Current, off Port Shepstone, 530-900 m.
. Archiconchecia c.,G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 44,
pl. 7 (3), figs. 7-12, 18.
Faminy CYPRIDINIDA.
Cypridinade, Baird, Brit. Entomostraca, Ray Soc., p. 176.
Cypridimde, Brady, Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. xxvi., pt. 2, p. 462.
C., G. W. Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., p. 208.
Gren. CYPRIDINA, Milne-Edwards.
Cypridina, Milne-Edwards, Lamarck’s Anim. sans Vertébres, ed: 2; vol.w.5 pi l78: C., Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ili., p. 409.
CYPRIDINA CASTANEA, Brady. Cypridina castanea, Brady, Trans. Zool. Soc., vol. xiv., pt. 3, p. 88, pl. 16, figs. 1-4. C.c., G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 130, pl. 5 (1), figs. 1, 2, pl. 33 (29), figs. 11-16, pl. 34 (30), figs. 10-18. Lat. 35° 32’ S., long. 18° 20’ E., 2,000 m.
** CYPRIDINA CAPENSIS, Cleve.
Cypridina capensis, Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iv., pp. 133,135; pled, fies 6. 7. ple 8) nese se pl. 9 mies ile
Agulhas Bank, off Cape Infanta, 74 miles; West Coast, off
Lion’s Head, 250 miles; off Table Mountain, 450 miles. Sent
by Dr. Gilchrist.
1905.
1905.
1908.
1908.
1908.
1867.
1859. 1894.
1908
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 517
** CYPRIDINA CAUDATA, Cleve.
Cypridina caudata, Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iv. pp. 134, 135; pla ties) 24, plo) figs. 14) Or 20: West Coast, off Lion’s Head, (depth) 277 m. Sent by Dr. Gilchrist. * CYPRIDINA NOBILIS, Cleve.
Cypridina nobilis, Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iv., pp. 134, 135, pl. 7, figs. 3-5, 8, pl. 8, figs. 10, 11, pl. 9, figs. 15-18, 22.
West Coast, off Table Mountain, (depth) 430m. Sent by
Dr. Gilchrist ; length of specimen (male) 5°3 mm.
CyYPRIDINA VANHOFFENI, G. W. Miiller. Cypridina vanhéffent, Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., pp. 62, 82, pl. 5, figs. 1-8, 138. About 6,000 specimens taken at Simonstown, chiefly in dead sea-animals, such as Trigla and Sepia.
CYPRIDINA DORSOSERRATA, G. W. Miiller. Cypridina dorsoserrata, Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. X., pp. 62, 83, pl. 4, figs. 1-3, 5-10. At Simonstown with the next preceding species; said to be near to C. capensis, Cleve.
CYPRIDINA ARBOREA, G. W. Miiller. Cypridina arborea, Miller, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x., pp. 62, 86, pl. 6, figs. 1-8. At Simonstown. Miiller thinks it possibly identical with C. caudata, Cleve.
Gren. CYLINDROLEBERIS, Brady.
Cylindroleberis, Brady, Intellectual Observer, vol. xii., Oa aa
CYLINDROLEBERIS OBLONGA (Grube).
Cypridina oblonga, Grube, Arch. Naturg., vol. xxv., p. 335. Cypridina o., G. W. Miller, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxi., p. 219, pl. 4, figs. 14-18, 39, 41, 49-55, pl. 5, figs. 1, 4, 5, 18, 14, 33, 41-44, pl. 8, fig. 4. C.o., Miller, Deutsche stidpol. Exp., vol. x., pp. 62, 94. At Simonstown.
518
13910
1SOu:
1905.
1880.
1902. 1906.
IRS LONG
1902.
1906.
1834.
1840.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Gren. PYROCYPRIS, G. W. Miiller. Pyrocypris, Miller, Zool. Jahrb., vol. v., p. 230.
* PYROCYPRIS CHIERCHIH, G. W. Miller. Pyrocypris chierchia, Miiller, Zool. Jahrb., vol. v., p. 232, pl. 2d, ties lee P.c., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iv., p. 134. Agulhas Current, Port St. John, (depth) 20-30 m. Sent by Dr. Gilchrist.
Gen. CROSSOPHORUS, Brady. Crossophorus, Brady, Challenger Ostracoda, Reports, vot. i., pa lore C., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 77. C., G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 133.
* CROSSOPHORUS AFRICANUS, Stebbing. Crossophorus africanus, Stebbing, Knowledge, vol. xxiv., p. LOO. C. a., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 79, pls. 15a, 16.
Nos. 56, 57, specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist, Cape St. Blaize, N. by E. 67 miles, from depth between 165 and 183 m., and Cape St. Blaize, N. by E. 73 miles, depth 229 m.
C.a.,G. W. Miller, Valdivia Ostracoda, p. 134, pl. 34 (30), figs. 1-9.
Miiller also found the isopod Cyproniscus crossophori para-
sitic in the shell of this giant Ostrapod.
COPEPODA.
“‘ Copépodes,”’ Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1., p: 199. C., Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. iii., p. 411. Secudder’s Nomenclator zoologicus gives ‘‘ Copepoda Latr. Crust. 1831. A.” But the term does not appear in Latreille’s Cours d’Entomologie, 1831. Milne-Edwards, however, intro- duces it in its French form in 1834 without any indication of its being a novelty, and yet with no reference to any work in which it may have made an earlier appearance. Das Tierreich dates it from 1840.
1892. 1898. 1903.
1849. 1898.
ILS TS 1898.
1765.
1898.
General Cataloyue of South African Crustacea. 519
Trin GYMNOPLEA or CALANIDEA.
Gymnoplea, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 41. G., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 7. Calanoida, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. iv., pp. 2, 5.
Famiry CALANIDA..
Calanid@, Dana, Proc. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. i1., p. 9. C., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 12.
The family Calanide is here taken in a much more extended sense than that adopted by Professor G. O. Sars in his Crustacea of Norway, vol. iv., 1903.
Gren. CALANUS, Leach. Calanus, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xiv., p. 539. C., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 12.
* CALANUS FINMARCHICUS (Gunner). Monoculus finmarchicus, Gunner, Skr. Kjébenh. Selsk., vol. x., p. 175, fig. 20-23. Calanus f., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 14.
1904 (?). C. f., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. i1., p. 185.
‘Common south of the Cape Colony, rare east and west.” Sent by Dr. Gilchrist.
It may suffice here to say, once for all, that the Copepoda cited from the Memoir by Professor R. T. Cleve were all derived from Dr. Gilchrist’s marine investigations on board the Pieter Faure. In his valuable Introduction Professor Cleve says: ‘The region of South Africa is of the greatest interest in its planktonological aspect, as it represents a battlefield of two mighty currents of different origin, the Agulhas Current and the Westwind Drift. The former carries the warm water of the Indian Equatorial Current towards the south, the latter the water of the Southern Pacific Ocean through the space between Fuegia and the Antarctic Con- tinent. The east coast of South Africa has a steep slope so that depths of 900 to 3,000 metres (500 to 1,800 fathoms) will be found at a short distance from the land. On the south side,
1849.
1898. 1904.
1849.
1849. 1898.
1904.
1856.
1898. 1904.
1860.
1892.
1898.
1904.
Annals of the South African Museum.
from about Algoa Bay to the Cape of Good Hope, extends the triangular Agulhas Bank, its southern point being about 2 degrees of latitude south of Cape Infanta. The depths in this region are comparatively small, as a rule 70 to 100 metres (40 to 60 fathoms).’”’ Other useful details follow.
* CALANUS TENUICORNIS, Dana.
Calanus tenuicornis, Dana, Proc. Amer, Ac. Sci., vol. ii., me Lo, C. t., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 18. C. t., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 186. ‘‘ Sparingly east and west of South Africa.”
* CALANUS COMMUNIS, Dana.
Calanus communis, Dana, Proc. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. ii, Deielite Undina vulgaris, Dana, Proc. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. ii., p. 22. Calanus v., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., Dp: elt. I do not know why the page precedence of the specific name communis is overruled in Das Tierreich. C. v., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 186. Agulhas Current.
* CALANUS BREVICORNIS, Lubbock.
Calanus brevicornis, Lubbock, Trans. Ent. Soe. London, Hl. SOL; VOL. ive.gpe ell plies: C. b., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 16. C. b., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 185. ‘Common south and west of the Cape Colony, sparingly east of Natal.”
* CALANUS DARWINIT (Lubbock).
Undina darwinii, Lubbock, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. RUM, Pe le ae:
Calanus d., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 91, pl. 6, figs 'O, plete, 29, ple Ss, nog. ll sore
C. darwint, Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., ps ie
C. d., Cleve, Mar. Invest., S. Africa, vol. iii.,¢ p. 185. Agulhas Current.
1863. 1898.
1904.
1853.
1898.
1849. 1898.
1904.
1849. 1853.
1898. 1904.
1888.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 521
* CALANUS MINOR (Claus). Cetochilus minor, Claus, Die freilebenden Copepoden, p. 172. Calanus m., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich vol. vi., p. Ld. C.m., Cleve, Mar. Invest., vol. iii., p. 186. ‘“Very common south of the Cape Colony, rarer west thereof and extremely rare in the east.”
Gren. EUCALANUS, Dana.
Hucalanus, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 1082.
This genus was instituted very obscurely by Dana on p. 1082 (not p. 1079 as stated in Das Tierreich) for his Calanus attenuatus, although, as Dr. G. 8. Brady points out in his Challenger Copepoda, Dana retains the name Calanus attenuatus while assigning the species to another genus. I may add that he does not give Hucalanus in his Corrigenda or his Index, and Calanus attenuatus appears on pl. 75 of his Atlas, published in 1855.
E., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 19.
** HUCALANUS ELONGATUS (Dana). Calanus elongatus, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. i., p. 18. EHucalanus e., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 20.
Brady, in his Challenger Copepoda, regards this species as a synonym of H#. attenwatus. Were that view accepted, the name elongatus would claim page precedence.
i. e., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. ii1., p. 189.
Agulhas Current.
* HUCALANUS ATTENUATUS (Dana).
Calanus attenwatus, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. ii., p. 18. Eucalanus a., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xii, p. 1082, Calanus a., pp. 1079, 1080, pl. 75, fig. 2 a-e, m.
. a., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 20. H. a., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 189.
Agulhas Current.
* HUCALANUS SUBTENUIS, Giesbrecht. Hucalanus subtenus, Giesbrecht, Atti Ace. Lincei Kend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 333. 39
522 Annals of the South African Museum.
1898. H. s., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 21. 1904. H.s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. 1i., p. 190. Agulhas Current.
* EQUCALANUS MONACHUS, Giesbrecht. 1888. Hucalanus monachus, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 338. 1898. H. m., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 21. 1904. H. m., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 189. Agulhas Current.
* HRUCALANUS MUCRONATUS, Giesbrecht.
1888. EHucalanus mucronatus, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 333.
1898. H. m., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 21.
1904. H. m., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 189.
* HKUCALANUS CRASSUS, Giesbrecht. 1888. Hucalanus crassus, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 333, 1898. H.c., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 22. 1904. H. c., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iv., p. 189. Agulhas Current. False Bay.
** EUCALANUS SUBCRASSUS, Giesbrecht. 1888. Hucalanus subcrassus, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 3384. 1898. H. s., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p, 22. 1904. H. s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 190. Agulhas Current.
* HKUCALANUS PILEATUS, Giesbrecht. 1888. Hucalanus pileatus, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol, iv., p. 334. 1898. E. p., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 21. 1904. H. p., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 189. Agulhas Current.
Gren. RHINCALANUS, Dana. 1853. Rhincalanus, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., pp. 1044, 1082.
1904. Khinocalanus, Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iv., pp. 181, 196.
1849.
1849.
1853.
1883.
1898. 1904.
1888.
1898. 1904.
1865.
1863.
1865. 1898. 1903. 1904.
1888.
1898. 1904.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 523
* RHINCALANUS ROSTRIFRONS (Dana).
Calanus rostrifrons, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. i1., p. 19. Calanus cornutus, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. ii., p. 19. Since this name is accepted as a synonym of C. rostrifrons, to which Dana has given page precedence both in 1849 and 1853, it seems clear that rostrifrons is the right name to adopt for the species. Rhincalanus rostrifrons, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii, p. LOSZ pls Genes Wa, 0: R. cornutus, Brady, Challenger Copepoda, Reports, vol. viu., peaks, plaedanes. 110! R. c., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 23. Rhinocalanus c., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 196. Agulhas Current, not rare.
** RHINCALANUS NAsuTUS, Giesbrecht.
Rhincalanus nasutus, Giesbrecht, Atti Ace. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 334. R. n., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 22. Bhinocalanus n., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. ii., pa loGe East of Natal rare, south of the Cape Colony abundant in 37-74 m.
Gren. PARACALANUS, Boeck.
Paracalanus, Boeck, Vid. Selsk. Forh. Christian., 1864, vol. vil., p. 232 (8).
* PARACALANUS PARVUS (Claus).
Calanus parvus, Claus, Freileb. Copepoden, p. 178, pl. 26, figs. 10-14, pl. 27, figs. 1-4. Paracalanus p., Boeck, Vid. Selsk. Forh. Christian., p. 233 (9). P. »., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 24. P.»., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. iv., p. 17, pls. 8, 9. P. p., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 194. South of the Cape Colony.
* PARACALANUS ACULEATUS, Giesbrecht. Paracalanus aculeatus, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 333. P. a., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 24. P..a., Cleve, Mar. Invest. §. Africa, vol. iii., p. 194. South of the Cape Colony, sparingly.
524
1888.
1888.
1898. 1904.
1888.
1898. 1904.
1888.
1849, 1892.
1904.
1888.
1898.
1849, 1888.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Gren. ACROCALANUS, Giesbrecht.
Acrocalanus, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 332.
* ACGROCALANUS GRACILIS, Giesbrecht. Acrocalanus gracilis, Giesbrecht, Atti Ace. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 332. A.g., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 25. A. g., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 184. Agulhas Current.
* ACROCALANUS GIBBER, Giesbrecht.
Acrocalanus gibber, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 332. A. g., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 25. A.g., Cleve, Mar. Invest. §. Africa, vol. ili., p. 184. Agulhas Current.
Gen. CALOCALANUS, Giesbrecht.
Calocalanus, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 333.
* CALOCALANUS PAVO (Dana). Calanus pavo, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. ii., p. 13. Calocalanus p., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 175, pl. W fig, 13)epla4, ies ald, epi) figs) oils elo pl. 36, figs. 43-45. C. p., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. i1., p. 186. Sparingly round South Africa.
Gren. CLAUSOCALANUS, Giesbrecht.
Clausocalanus, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol, iv., p. 334. C., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 27.
* CLAUSOCALANUS ARCUICORNIS (Dana).
Calanus arcuicornis, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. ii., p. 12. Clausocalanus a., Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 334.
1898. 1904.
1883. 1892.
1904.
1883.
1892, 1898.
1903. 1904.
1872.
1903.
1904.
1883.
1892.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 525
C. a., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 27. C.a., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 188. Round South Africa.
* CLAUSOCALANUS FURCATUS (Brady).
Drepanopus furcatus (part), Brady, Challenger Copepoda, Reports, vol. viii., p. 77, pl. 4, fig. 1. Clausocalanus f., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 186, pl. 36, figs. 32, 33, 35. C. f., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 188. Sparingly east and west of South Africa.
Gen. AUTIDIUS, Brady.
Aitidius, Brady, Challenger Copepoda, Reports, vol. viii., p. 75. Since Brady derives this name from éeriéete—an eaglet—he
ought to have written it, as was subsequently but unlawfully
done in Das Tierreich, Aetideus. As will be seen, it has
received three other forms, all incorrect as well as unlawful.
Aétudius, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., pp. 53, 213.
Aetideus, Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Ticrreich, vol. vi.,
Dak Aftideus, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. iv., p. 24, Aethidius, Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., pp. 180, 185.
* ANTIDIUS ARMATUS (Boeck).
Pseudocalanus armatus, Boeck, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. Chris- tian., p. 6.
Aitideus a., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. iv., p. 25, pls. 13, 14.
In dealing with Boeck’s species Sars hints at the possibility that Boeck, Brady, and Giesbrecht may have had three distinct forms in view, though he is at the same time uncertain whether the three do not all belong together. Aethidius a., Cleve, Mar. Invest. §. Africa, vol. iii., p. 185.
Sparingly south of the Cape Colony.
* /HITIDIUS GIESBRECHTI (Cleve).
Aftidius armatus, Brady, Challenger Copepoda, Reports, vol. vili., p. 76, pl. 19, figs. 5-16. Aétidius a., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 213, 2, fig. 6, pl. 14, figs. 1-3, pl. 36, figs. 6-9.
526
1898.
1904.
1888.
1898.
1888. 1898.
1904.
1888.
1898. 1904.
1892.
1892.
1904.
1888.
1898.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Aetideus a., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 31. Aethidius giesbrechti, Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 185. Very rare east and west of South Africa.
Grn. GAETANUS, Giesbrecht.
Gaetanus, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 335. G., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 32.
* GAETANUS MILES, Giesbrecht. Gaetanus miles, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4,
vol, iv., p. 335. G. m., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 32.
G. m., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 191. Agulhas Current, 530 and 900 m.
* GAETANUS ARMIGER, Giesbrecht.
Gaetanus arnuger, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 396. G.a., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 33. G.a., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 191. Agulhas Current and off Table Mountain.
GEN. CHIRIDIUS, Giesbrecht. Chiridius, Giesbrecht, F’. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., pp. 54, 224.
** CHIRIDIUS POPPEI, Giesbrecht. Chiridius poppet, Giesbrecht, F.u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 224, pl. 14, figs. 14-18, pl. 36, figs. 10-12. C. p., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 187. Agulhas Current.
Gren. UNDEUCH ATA, Giesbrecht.
Undeucheta, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 335. U., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 33.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 52
* UNDEUCHETA MAJOR, Giesbrecht. 1888. Undeucheta major, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 335. 1898. U. m., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Dus Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 34. 1904. Undechetam., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 198. Agulhas Current, 900 m.
* UNDEUCHETA MINOR, Giesbrecht,
With the same references as those for U. major, and also taken in the Agulhas Current.
Gren. CHIRUNDINA, Giesbrecht.
1895. Chirundina, Giesbrecht, Bull. Mus. comp. Zodl. Harvard, vol. xxv., p. 249.
** CHIRUNDINA STREETSI, Giesbrecht.
1895. Chirundina streetsii, Giesbrecht, Bull. Mus. Harvard, vol. xxyv., p. 250, pl. 1, figs. 5-10. 1898. C. streets:, Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 34. 1904. C.s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 187. Agulhas Current, 780-900 m.
Gen. EHUCHIRELLA, Giesbrecht.
1888. Huchirella, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 336. 1898. H., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 34.
* HUCHIRELLA MESSINENSIS (Claus). 1863. Undina messinensis, Claus, Freileb. Copepoden, p. 187, pl. 31, figs. 8-18. 1892. Huchirella m., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 282, pl. 15, figs. 12, 16, 21, 24, pl. 36, figs. 14, 15, 18, 24, 25. 1904. H.m., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. ii., p. 190. Agulhas Current.
* ]UCHIRELLA VENUSTA, Giesbrecht.
1888. Huchirella venusta, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol, iv., p. 336.
528
1892
1904
1843. 1898.
1833.
1892.
1904.
1892.
1904,
1904.
1888.
1898. 1904.
1888.
1898 1904
Annals of the South African Musewm.
E v., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 233, pl. 15, fg Ol ol do, ties. HE. v., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 190. Agulhas Current, 900 m.
Guy. EUCHATA, Philippi.
Hucheta, Philippi, Arch. Naturg., vol. ix., pt. 1, pp. 54, 67. H., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 37.
* HUCHETA MARINA (Prestandrea). Cyclops marinus, Prestandrea, Effemeridi Sci. e Lett. Sicilia, vol. Wit, oan le! Eucheta marina, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 246, pl. 1, figs. 10, 11, and figs. in pls. 15, 16, 37. . m., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. in., p. 190. East and West of South Africa.
* KUCHMTA ACUTA, Giesbrecht. Eucheta acuta, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 246, figs. in pls. 16, 37. H. a., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 190. Agulhas Current.
* HUCHETA AFFINIS, Cleve. Eucheta affinis, Cleve, Mar. Invest. §. Africa, vol. iii. pp. 190, 201, pl. 3, figs. 17-19.
Agulhas Current.
* HUCHEZTA MEDIA, Giesbrecht.
Hucheta media, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 337. E. m., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 39. EH.m., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. i11., p. 190. Agulhas Current.
* KUCH TA LONGICORNIS, Giesbrecht.
Eucheta longicornis, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 387. H.1., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p 40. H. 1., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 190. Agulhas Current.
1892.
1904.
1895.
1904.
1883.
1856.
1883.
1898.
1904.
1893,
1904.
1895.
1904.
1903.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea, 529
* HUCHSETA SPINOSA, Giesbrecht. Eucheta spinosa, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 246, figs. in pls. 16, 37. Hi, s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. ii., p. 190. South-east coast 33° §., 28° E., 71 m.
* HucHmTA TonsA, Giesbrecht. Hucheta tonsa, Giesbrecht, Bull. Mus, comp. Zodl., vol. xxv., pe zolepl. 4+) fies. 9; 10: Ei. t., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 190. Agulhas Current, 530 m.
Gren. SCOLECITHRIX, Brady. Scolecithrix, Brady, Challenger Copepoda, Reports, vol. vili., p. 56.
* SCOLECITHRIX DAN# (Lubbock).
Undina dane, Lubbock, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, n. ser., vol. iv., p. 15, pl. 9, figs. 6-9.
Scolecithric d., Brady, Challenger Copepoda, Reports, vol. vil. p. 7, pl. 17.
S. d., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 42.
S. d., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. ili., p. 197.
Off the east and west coasts.
* ScOLECITHRIX SECURIFRONS, Thomas Scott. Scolecithrix securifrons, Scott, Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. 2, vol. vi., p. 47, pl. 4, figs. 40-56, pl. 5, fig. 1. S.s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 197. Agulhas Current, 530-900 m.
** SCOLECITHRIX PERSECANS, Giesbrecht. Scolecithrix persecans, Giesbrecht, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. vol. xxv., p. 253, pl. 3, figs. 6-12. S. p., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 197. Agulhas Current in 900 m.
Gren. SCOLECITHRICELLA, Sars. Scolecithricella, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. iv., p. 54.
530
1883.
1903.
1904.
1904.
1892.
1898.
1898.
1904.
1863. 1898.
1863.
1904.
1897. 1898.
Annals of the South African Museum.
* SCOLECITHRICELLA MINOR (Brady). Scolecithrix minor, Brady, Challenger Copepoda, Reports, vol. Vill., p. 58; ply le; fies. 1b, l6, ply is) figss tao. Scolecithricella m., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. iv., p. 55, pls. 37, 38. S. m., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol.ii., p. 197. “Off the west coast, 250-277 m., very rare. The South African specimens were only 1:2 millim. in length; those from the Northern Atlantic 1:4 millim.”
* SCOLECITHRICELLA NEPTUNI, Cleve.
Scolecithricella neptuni, Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. 111., pp. 197, 206, pls. 4, 5, 6, figs. 30, 31.
Gren. XANTHOCALANUS, Giesbrecht. Xanthocalanus, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel., vol. xix., pp. 57, 286. X., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 49.
* XANTHOCALANUS FRAGILIS, Aurivillius.
Xanthocalanus fragilis, Aurivillius, K. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handlingar, vol. xxx., No. 3, p. 32.
X. f., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., pp. 198, 209, pl. 6, fig. 32.
Gren. PHAENNA, Claus. Phaénna, Claus, Freileb. Copepoden, p. 188.
Phaenna, Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 00. ** PHABENNA SPINIFERA, Claus. Phaénna spinifera, Claus, Freileb. Copepoden, p. 189, pl. 31, figs. 1-7. P.s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. ii., p. 194. Agulhas Current, 900 m.
Faminy DIAPTOMIDA.
Diaptomide, Sars, Annuaire Mus. St. Pétersb., vol. ii., p. 38. Centropagide, Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 52.
1902.
1836.
1898.
1886.
1907.
1907.
IESLOM
1846.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 531
Diaptonide, Stebbing, Encyel. Britannica, ed. 10, vol. xxviii., Suppl. vol. iv., p. 272.
It is convenient here to accept the family in the wide sense, calling it after the name of its earliest genus. In his Crustacea of Norway, vol. iv., 1903, Sars divides it into a large number of families, among which the names Diaptomide and Centro- pagide@ occur, each in a very restricted application.
Gren. DIAPTOMUS, Westwood. Diaptomus, Westwood, Partington’s Cyclopedia Nat. Hist., art. Cyclops. D., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 66.
DIAPTOMUS ORIENTALIS, Brady. Diaptomus orientalis, Brady, J. Linn. Soc. London, vol. xix., p. 296, pl. 37, figs. 21-26. D. o., Brady, Annals Natal Gov. Mus., vol. i., pt. 2, p. 184. Frequent in gatherings from Somkele and Richmond, Natal; previously taken in Ceylon and elsewhere. Sent to Dr. Brady by Mr. James Gibson.
* DIAPTOMUS CAPENSIS, Sars. Diaptomus capensis, Sars, Arch. Natury. Kristian., vol. xxviii, Nore; p.4; pls: 1, 2) figs. 1, 2:
Taken by Dr. Purcell from Dam at Faure, near Herste River, Cape Division; pond in the Cape Flats, near Cape Town; small ponds on the Green Point Common; vley on the same; pond in the Karoo, at Ashton, Robertson Division.
* DIAPTOMUS PURCELLI, Sars. Diaptomus purcellt, Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xxviii., No. 8, p. 12, pl. 2, figs. 3-10. Taken by Dr. Purcell from Dam of Bergulut, Constantia Area; brick-pond at same; pond in the Cape Flats; all near Cape Town.
Gren. PARADIAPTOMUS, Sars. Broteas (preocc.), Lovén, K. Vet. Ak. Handlingar for Ar 1845 (vol. dated 1847), p. 436.
Schmeil gives the preoccupying name as “ Brotheas (corr. Broteas), C. L. Koch (1839, Hahn & Koch, Die Arachniden,
532
1895. 1898. 1898. 1899. 1903.
1846.
1889.
1898.
1999.
1907.
1895.
1898.
1899.
Annals of the South African Museum.
v. 4, p. 109).”” He does not say when or by whom the correc-
tion was made.
Paradiaptomus, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skrifter, No. 8, p. 45.
P., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 95.
Lovénula, Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 105.
Broteas, Sars, Arch. Naturv., vol. xxi., No. 2, p. 3.
Paradiaptomus, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. iv., p. 84, footnote.
** PARADIAPTOMUS FALCIFER (Lovén).
Broteas falcifer, Lovén, K. Vet. Ak. Handl., p. 436, pl. 6.
Taken by Herr J. Wahlberg from fresh-water pools on the road from Port Natal to the brine-pans of Makkalis Mountain. B. f., de Guerne and Richard, Mém. Soe. Zool. France, vol. ii.,
p. 66, figs. 41-43.
These authors speak of the species as having been found in the brine-pans, and hitherto only known in salt water. They have evidently misunderstood Lovén’s account of the locality, and not noticed the heading of his paper, which states that it contains the description of ‘‘ Four new species of fresh-water Crustaceans from South Africa.”’
Lovénula falcifera, Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 105, fig. 25.
Broteas falcifer, Sars, Arch. Naturv., vol. xxi., No. 2, pp. 3, 22, pl. 4.
Specimens taken by Dr. Purcell ‘‘ on Green Point Common, near Cape Town, partly from small ponds, partly from a so-called ‘vley,’ where the water must have been perfectly fresh.”
Paradiaptomus f., Sars, Arch. Naturv., vol. xxviii, No, 8, p. 3.
* PARADIAPTOMUS LAMELLATUS, Sars. Paradiaptomus lamellatus, Sars, Vid. Selsk. Skr., No. 8, p. 46, pls: Raised from dried mud; taken by Mr. Thesen from a swamp at Knysna, some distance east of the Cape of Good
Hope. P. 1. Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 96.
Broteas 1., Sars, Arch. Naturv., vol. xxi., No. 2, p. 24. Taken by Dr. Purcell from some ponds on the Green Point Common, near Capetown.
1907.
1907.
1904.
1849.
1849.
1898.
1904,
1849. 1892.
1904.
1849. 1853.
1892.
1898.
1889.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 533
B. 1., Brady, Annals Natal Gov. Mus. vol. 1, pt. 2, ps 183: Obtained by Mr. James Gibson at Richmond, Natal. Paradiaptomus l., Sars, Arch. Naturv., vol. xxviii., No. 8, p. 3.
PARADIAPTOMUS MEUS (Gurney). Lovenula mea, Gurney, Proce. Zool. Soc. London, vol. ii., pt. 2, p. 300, pl. 18, figs. 7-13. Collected by Major E. Eckersley, R.A.M.C., from a water- hole on the veld at Kroonstad, O.R.C.
Gren. CENTROPAGHS, Kroyer. Centropages, Kroyer, Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 2, vol. i1., p. 602.
* CENTROPAGES Typicus, Kroyer. Centropages typicus, Kroyer, Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 2, vol. ii., pp. 588, 603, pl. 6, figs. 22-26. C. t., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 54, fies Tals C. t., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. ili., p. 187. Agulhas Current and Agulhas Bank.
* CENTROPAGES FURCATUS (Dana). Catopia furcata, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. ii., p. 25. Centropages furcatus, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 304, figs. in pls. 17, 38. C. f., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. ii1., p. 187. Agulhas Current.
CENTROPAGES BRACHIATUS (Dana).
Pontella brachiata, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. 11., p. 27. Calanopia b., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 1133, pl. 79, fig, 7 a, 0. “On the Lagulhas Bank, near Cape of Good Hope.” Centropages brachiatus, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 304, figs. in pls. 17, 18, 35. C. b., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 55.
** CENTROPAGES CHIERCHI®, Giesbrecht.
Centropages chierchie, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. v., p. 811.
534
1892.
1904
1884.
1898,
1893.
1898.
1904,
1850.
1849.
1892.
1904.
1849,
1889.
1892.
1904.
1865. 1898.
Annals of the South African Museum.
C. c., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 304, figs. im pls. ili; 18, Be: C.c., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 187. Round South Africa.
Gen. PSEUDODIAPTOMUS, Herrick.
Pseudodiaptomus, Herrick, Rep. Surv. Minnesota, vol. xii., jOe alten le P., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 63.
* PSEUDODIAPTOMUS SERRICAUDATUS (Thomas Scott).
Heterocalanus serricaudatus, Scott, Tr. Linn. Soe., Ser. 2, vol. vi., p. 40, pl. 2, figs. 43-48, pl. 3, figs. 1-7. Pseudodiaptomus s., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich,
vol. vi., p. 66. P.s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 196. South of the Cape Colony, as a rule common.
Gen. TEMORA, Baird. Temora, Baird, Brit. Entomostraca, Ray Soc., p. 227.
* TEMORA STYLIFERA (Dana). Calanus stylifer, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. i1., p. 13. Temora stylifera, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 328, figs. in pls. 6, 17, 38: T. s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 198. “Off Natal in the surface.”
* TEMORA DISCAUDATA, Giesbrecht.
Calanus scutellatus (?), Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. iL,
p. 13.
Temora discaudata, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. v., p. 814.
T. d., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 328, figs. in pls. 17, 38.
T. d., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. ii., p. 198. Agulhas Current.
Gen. METRIDIA, Boeck.
Metridia, Boeck, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. Christian., 1864, p. 13. M., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 105.
1865. 1898. 1904.
1892.
1892.
1904.
1898.
1863.
1898,
General Cataloque of South African Crustacea. 5535
* MertrIDIA LUCENS, Boeck. Metridia lucens, Boeck, Vid. Selsk. Forhandl., 1864, p. 14. M.1., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 106. M.1., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. i1., p. 192. Abundant south and west of the Cape Colony.
* METRIDIA PRINCEPS, Giesbrecht.
. Metridia princeps, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4,
Vol Vena oe M. p., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 340, pl. 33, figs. 3, 18, 35, 40.
. M. p., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. ili., p. 192.
Agulhas Current, 780 and 900 m.
* METRIDIA VENUSTA, Giesbrecht.
. Metridia venusta, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4,
vol. v., p. 24.
. M. v., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 340, pl. 33,
figs. 7, 17, 29.
. M. v., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 192.
Agulhas Current, 530 m.
* METRIDIA BREVICAUDA, Giesbrecht.
. Metridia brevicauda, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend.,
Ser. 4, vol. v., p. 24. M. b., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 340, figs. in pl. 33. M. 6., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. ii1., p. 192. Agulhas Current, 900 m.
Gren. PLEUROMAMMA, Giesbrecht. Pleuromamma, Giesbrecht, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 108.
* PLEUROMAMMA ABDOMINALIS (Lubbock).
5. Diaptomus abdoninalis, Lubbock, Trans. Entom. Soc. London,
Ser. 2; vol_iy., p. 22, pl. 10:
Pleuromma abdonuinale, Claus, Freileb. Copepoden, p. 197, pls: 5, 6:
Pleuromamma abdominals, Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 109.
1898.
1863.
1898.
1904.
1889
Annals of the South African Museum.
. P.a., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 195.
East and west of the Cape Colony.
* PLEUROMAMMA GRACILIS (Claus).
. Pleuromma gracile, Claus, Freileb, Copepoden, p. 197, pl. 5. . Plewromamma gracilis, Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das
Tierreich, vol. 'vi., p: 110:
. P. g., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. it., p. 195.
Round the Cape Colony.
** PLEUROMAMMA XIPHIAS (Giesbrecht).
. Pleuromma xiphias, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4,
vol. v., p. 20.
. Pleuwromamma «., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich,
Vols vite lOO:
. P. &., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 195.
Agulhas Current, 530-900 m., off Table Mountain, 450 m.
* PLEUROMAMMA ROBUSTA (FE. Dahl).
. Pleuromma robustum, Dahl, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. xvi., p. 105. _ Pleuromamma robusta, Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich,
VOlovis, Ps LO:
. P. r., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. ili., p. 195.
East and west of the Cape Colony.
Gren. LUCICUTIA, Giesbrecht.
Lucicutia, Giesbrecht, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 110.
* LUCICUTIA FLAVICORNIS (Claus).
Leuckartia flavicornis, Claus, Freileb. Copepoden, p. 186, pl. 32.
Lucicutia f., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., py at:
L. f., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. ili., p. 192.
Agulhas Current, 530 and 900 m. West of the Cape Colony, 250 m.
* LucicutTia cLausi (Giesbrecht).
Leuckartia clausti, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. vi., p. 812.
1898.
1904.
1904.
1904.
1863. 1892. 1894. 1898. 1863. 1iS9S:
1904.
1863.
1898.
1904.
1889.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 537
Lucicutia clausi, Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, Vole vies paler L. clausit, Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. ili., p. 192. Agulhas Current, 530 and 900 m.
* LUCICUTIA AURITA, Cleve. Lucicutia aurita, Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., pp. 192, 202. Agulhas Current, 900 m. ~
* LUCICUTIA BRADYANA, Cleve. Lucicutia bradyana, Cleve, Mar. Invest. §. Africa, vol. iii., pp. 192, 204, pl. 6, figs. 33, 34. Agulhas Current, 900 m. (? L. grandis, Giesb.).
Gen. HETERORHABDUS, Giesbrecht. Heterocheta (preocc.), Claus, Freileb. Copepoden, p. 180. H., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., pp. 64, 372. H., Dahl, Verhandl. Deutschen zool. Gesellschaft, p. 77. Heterorhabdus, Giesbrecht, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 113.
* HETERORHABDUS SPINIFRONS (Claus).
Heterocheta spinifrons, Claus, Freileb. Copepoden, p. 182, pl. 32. Heterorhabdus s., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, VOI Vins spel: H. s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. ii1., p. 191. East and west of the Cape Colony.
* HETERORHABDUS PAPILLIGER (Claus).
Heterocheta papilligera, Claus, Freileb. Copepoden, p. 182, pl. 32. Heterorhabdus papilliger, Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 114. H. p., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 191. Agulhas Current and off the West Coast.
* HETERORHABDUS ABYSSALIS (Giesbrecht). Heterocheta abyssalis, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. v., p. 812. ‘ 36
538
1898.
1904.
1895.
1898.
1904.
1902.
1904.
1889.
1898.
1889.
1999:
1904.
1883.
1898 1904
Annals of the South African Museum.
Heterorhabdus a., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 116, fig. 26. H. a., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 191. Agulhas Current, 530-900 m. Off Table Mountain, 450 m.
* HbTERORHABDUS TANNERI (Giesbrecht). Heterocheta tanneri, Giesbrecht, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol, xxv., P-209)/ pl. 4, flgs..9,,0: Heterorhabdus t., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, VOl.vi..9p. Lilo, H. t., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 192. Agulhas Current.
* HrTERORHABDUS AUSTRINUS, Giesbrecht. Heterorhabdus austrinus, Giesbrecht, Exp. Antarct. Belge, Copepoden, pp. 3, 28, pl. 6, figs. 1-9. H. a., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Afriea, vol. iii., p. 191. Agulhas Current, 530-780 m.
Gen. AUGAPTILUS, Giesbrecht. Augaptilus, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. v., p. 813. A., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 120.
* AUGAPTILUS PALUMBII, Giesbrecht. Augaptilus palumbi, Giesbrecht, Atti Ace. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. v., p. 813. A. palumboi, Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 122. A. p., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 185. Agulhas Current.
Gren. PHYLLOPUS, Brady.
Phyllopus, Brady, Challenger Copepoda, Reports, vol. viii., Dp. 78:
* PHYLLOPUS BIDENTATUS, Brady.
. Phyllopus bidentatus, Brady, Challenger Copepoda, Reports,
vol, vili., p. 78, pl. 5, figs. 7-16. P. b., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 124. P. b., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. ii. p. 194. Agulhas Current, 900 m.
1892. 1898.
1846. 1898.
1849.
1898.
1904.
1849. 1898.
11904.
1849. 1898.
1904.
1883.
1889.
1898.
1904.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 539
Famitry CANDACIIDA.
Candacide, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 67. Candactide, Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 126.
Gen. CANDACIA, Dana.
Candacia, Dana, Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. xviii., p. 184. C., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 126.
* CANDACIA PACHYDACTYLA (Dana). Candace pachydactyla, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. ii., p. 23. Candacia p., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 128. C. p., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. ili., p. 187. East and west of the Cape Colony.
* CANDACIA CuRTA (Dana). Candace curta, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. il., p. 23. Candacia c., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi. pa l29. C.c., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 186. Agulhas Current.
ro)
* CANDACIA TRUNCATA (Dana). Candace truncata, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. 11., p. 24. Candacia t., Giesbrecht and Schmeii, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 130. C. t., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 187. Agulhas Current.
** CANDACIA BIPINNATA (Giesbrecht).
Candace truncata (part) ?, Brady, Challenger Copepoda, Reports, vol. vui., p. 69.
C. bipinnata, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. v., p. 8165.
Candacia b., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 129.
C. b., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol iii., p. 186.
Common south of the Cape Colony.
540
1883.
1889.
1898.
1904.
1889.
1898.
1904.
1892.
1898.
1904.
1904.
1904.
1892.
Annals of the South African Museum.
* CANDACIA CATULA (Giesbrecht).
Candace truncata (part) ?, Brady, Challenger Copepoda, Reports, vol. viii., p. 69.
C. catula, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. v., p. 815.
Candacia c., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. v., p.: 129.
C. c., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 186.
Agulhas Current.
* CANDACIA TENUIMANA (Giesbrecht).
Candace tenwimana, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4,
vol. v., p. 814. Candacia t., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 128.
C. t., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. viii., p. 187. Agulhas Current.
* CANDACIA VARICANS (Giesbrecht). Candace varicans, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 424, figs. in pls. 21, 22, 39. Candacia v., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 129. C. v., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 187. Agulhas Current, 900 m.
** CANDACIA CHIRURA, Cleve.
Candacia chirura, Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., pp. 186, 210 (C. cheirura, p. 198), pl. 1, pl. 2, figs. 7-10. West of South Africa, 250-350 m., sparingly.
* CANDACIA INERMIS, Cleve.
Candacia inermis, Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. i1i., pp. 187, 200, 210, pl. 2, figs. 11-13, pl. 3, figs. 14-16. Agulhas Current, 530 m.
Famity PONTELLIDA. Pontellide, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 68.
1898.
1904
1883.
1898.
1849.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 541
Gen. PONTELLA, Dana.
. Pontella (part), Dana, Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. xviii., p. 184. . P., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 139.
* PONTELLA SECURIFER, Brady.
. Pontella securifer, Brady, Challenger Copepoda, Reports,
vol. vili., p. 96, pl. 45, figs. 1-9.
. P. s., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi.,
p. 142.
. P. s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 195.
Agulhas Current.
Gren. PONTELLINA, Dana.
3. Pontellina (part), Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., pp. 1131,
1135.
. P., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tievreich, vol. vi., p. 149.
* PONTELLINA PLUMATA (Dana).
. Pontella plumata, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. ii., p. 27. . P. turgida, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. ii., p. 28. . Pontellina plumata, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 1135,
pl. 79, fig. 10 a-d. P. turgida, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiil., p. 1136, pl. 79, figs. 11 a, 6, 12 a, b.
‘On the Lagulhas Bank, off Cape of Good Hope.” ‘The specimen collected on the Lagulhas Bank is represented in figures 12 a, b.”
P. plumata, Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 149. P. p., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 195. Agulhas Current.
Gren. PONTELLOPSIS, Brady.
Pontellopsis, Brady, Challenger Copepoda, Reports, vol. viii., pp. 85, 86. P., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 145.
PONTELLOPSIS CURTA (Dana). Pontella curta, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. ii., p. 28.
542
1853.
1898.
1849. 1853.
1846.
1898.
1889.
1898. 1904.
1853.
1898.
1849.
1889.
1898.
1904.
1903.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Pontellina c., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xii., p. 1138, pl. 80, fig. 1 a, 0. “On the Lagulhas Bank.” Pontellopsis c., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., jp: Lage
PoNTELLOPSIS EMERITA (Dana). Pontella emerita, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. ii., p. ole Pontellina e., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 1153, pl. 80, fig. 14 a, b. Collected off the Cape of Good Hope, lat. 35° 20'S., long. 20° E.
Gren. ACARTIA, Dana.
Acartia, Dana, Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. xviii., p. 183. A., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 150.
* ACARTIA DAN®, Giesbrecht. Acartia dane, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. V., ps 26. A. d., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 104. A. d., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 184.
Gren. LABIDOCERA, Lubbock.
Labidocera, Lubbock, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, vol. xi., pp. 208, 208. L., Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 132.
* TABIDOCERA ACUTA (Dana).
Pontella acuta, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ae. Sci., vol. 11., p. 30. Labidocera acutum, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., Ser. 4, vol. Vi; p- 27. L. acuta, Giesbrecht and Schmeil, Das. Tierreich, vol. vi., p. 134, L.a., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 191. Agulhas Current.
Trip—E ARPACTICIDEA.
Harpacticoida, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. v. As the tribal name is based on the genus Arpacticus, Milne-
L910:
1910
1892
1546 1853 1892
1853.
SUMO).
1891.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 543
Edwards (Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. iii., p. 430), 1840, it should, in my opinion, be moditied as above. At this point the classifi- cation turns from the Gymnoplea of Giesbrecht to his Podoplea, of which I have given a summary in the Encyclo- pedia Britannica, ed. 10, Suppl. vol. iv., art, Entomostraca, 1902. The difficulty of so defining the group that it may fit- tingly embrace all the remaining families of the Copepoda, has led authors to prefer the arrangement proposed by Sars in his Crustacea of Norway, vol. iv., pt. 1, 1901, although at present only two of his seven divisions, the Calanoida and Harpactioida, have been worked out, each occupying a splen- didly illustrated volume. H., C. B. Wilson, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. xxxv., No. 20 (April), p. 619. H., R. W. Sharpe, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxxviii. (August), pp. 405, 425; (Podoplea), pp. 407, 415.
Faminy ARPACTICIDAS.
. Harpacticide, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 78.
Gen. SETELLA, Dana. . Setella, Dana, Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 2, vol. i., p. 227.
. S., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii, pp. 1179, 1195. . S., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., pp. 79, 559.
Giesbrecht suggests a family or sub-family Setellide for this genus. Sars would apparently include it in his family Ectinosomide (preferably Hctinosomatide).
SETELLA GRACILIS, Dana. Setella gracilis, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 1198, pl. 84, fig. 3 a-q. S.g., Brady, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. xi. (Zool. iii.), p. 508, pl. 52, fig. 5, fig. 3 in text. Sparingly at Port Natal on the surface.
GEN. AVNGISTHUS, Giesbrecht.
Afgisthus, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., vol. vii., p. 476.
1904,
1860,
1G):
1904.
1834. 1853. 1905. 1906. 1910.
Annals of the South African Museum.
* JHGISTHUS MUCRONATUS, Giesbrecht.
. Agisthus mucronatus, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend.,
vol. vii., p. 476.
. A. m., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 573, figs.
in pls. 46, 49.
. A. m., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. viii., p. 185.
Agulhas Current.
* /HGISTHUS ACULEATUS, Giesbrecht.
. Agisthus aculeatus, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend.,
vol. vil., sp. 476.
. A. a., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 573, figs.
in pls. 46, 49.
. A, a., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 185.
Agulhas Current.
Faminy PORCELLIDIIDA,
Porcellidiide, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. v., p. 74.
Gren. PORCELLIDIUM, Claus.
Porcelladium, Claus, Beitrige zur Kenntiss der Entomostraken, p. 6. PoRCELLIDIUM WOLFENDENI, Brady. Porcelludiwm wolfendeni, Brady, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x1. (Zool. iii.), p. 556, fig. 44 in text. Dredged in Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope.
Famity TISBIDA.
Idyid@, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. v., pt. 6, p. 78. The necessity for a change in the family name will be seen from the references for the leading genus.
Gren. TISBH, Liljeborg. Idya (preocc.), Philippi, Arch. Naturg., vol. ix., pt. 1, p. 58. Tisbe, Liljeborg, Clad. Ostrac. et Copepoda in Scania. Idya, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. v., pt. 7, p. 87. Tisbe, Norman and Scott, Crust. Devon and Cornwall, p. 183. Idyea, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. v., pt. 30, p. 367.
1902.
1910.
1905,
1905.
1910.
1906.
1910).
1843. 1906.
1910:
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 545
TISBE TENUIMANA (Giesbrecht).
Idya tenwimana, Giesbrecht, Exp. Antarct. Belge, Copepoden, p. 38, pl. 11, figs. 8-13. Tisbe t., Brady, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. xi. (Zool. ii.), p. 060, pl. 54, fig. 2, fig. 47 in text. Taken in Simon’s Bay, at the Cape of Good Hope.
Faminy THALESTRIDA.
Thalestride, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. v., pt. 8, p. 102.
Gen. RHYNCHOTHALESTRIS, Sars.
Ehynchothalestris, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. v., pt. 9, jek Ju)
RHYNCHOTHALESTRIS VANHOFFENI, Brady.
ERhynchothalestris vanhéffent, Brady, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. xi. (Zool. ii1.), p. 532, fig. 23 in text. A mutilated specimen from Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope. Mecarturum, Norman and Scott.
Megarthrum, Norman and Scott, Crust. Devon and Cornwall, p- 174.
MEGARTHRUM SIMULANS. Brady.
Megarthrum simulans, Brady, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. x1., (Zool. iii.), p. 544, pl. 54, figs. 9, 10, fig. 35 in text.
Gren. IDOMENE, Philippi.
Idomene, Philippi, Arch. Naturg., vol. ix., pt. 2, p. 64. I., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. v., pt. 11, p. 1383.
IDOMENE AUSTRALIS, Brady. Idomene australis, Brady, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. xi. (Zool. iil.), p. 543, fig. 34 in text. Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope.
546
1878.
1902.
1906.
1880.
1907.
1904.
1907.
1908.
1840.
1840.
1907
Annals of the South African Museum.
Famiry CANTHOCAMPIDA. Canthocamptiine (part), Brady, British Copepoda, Ray Soc.,
VO, Os oil.
Canthocampine, Stebbing, Encycl. Brit., ed. 10, Suppl. vol. iv., p. 273.
Canthocamptide, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. v., pt. 16, p: 193:
Since the premier genus is Canthocampus (not Canthocamp- tus), Westwood, 1836, the spelling of the family name should be arranged to correspond.
Gen. ATTHEYELLA, Brady.
Attheyella, Brady, British Copepoda, Ray Soc., vol. ii., p. 58 (name without definition in vol. i., p. 31, 1878). A., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. v., pt. 17, p. 199.
ATTHEYELLA NATALIS, Brady.
Attheyella natalis, Brady, Proc. Zool. Soc., vol. ii., p. 124, pl. 7, figs. 28-33. Sent by Mr. James Gibson, from fresh-water pool near Greytown, Natal.
Famity LAOPHONTIDA.
Laophontide, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. v., pt. 20,
p. 234. L., Thomas Scott, 25th Ann. Rep. Fishery Scotland, for 1906, pt. 3, p. 209.
Dr. Scott here attributes the family to Professor Sars, who in 1907 speaks of the family as recently established by Th. Scott.
Gren. LAOPHONTE, Philippi. Laophonte, Philippi, Arch. Naturg., vol. vi., p. 189.
LAOPHONTE CORNUTA, Philippi. Laophonte cornuta, Philippi, Arch. Naturg., vol. vi., p. 189, pl. 3, fig. 13. Li. c., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. v., pt. 20, p. 235, pls. 157, 158.
1910.
1903.
1878.
1900.
1776. 1878.
1853.
L8OF.
1904.
1904.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. d47
L. c., Brady, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. xi. (Zool. iii.), p. 523, pl. 57, fig. 1, fig. 15 in text. At Simon’s Town, showing some small differences from the European form.
Tre CYCLOPIDEHA.
Cyclopoida, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. v., pt. 1, p. 2.
Faminry CYCLOPIDA.
Cyclopide, Brady, British Copepoda, Ray Soe., vol. 1., oe elle
“‘ Copepoden,’’ Giesbrecht, Mittheilungen aus der Zool. Station zu Neapel, vol. xiv., pt. 1, p. 39. At p. 78 numerous bibliographical references are supplied.
Gren. CYCLOPS, O. F. Miller.
Cyclops, Miller, Zool. Dan. Prodr., pp. xxvii., 200. C., Brady, British Copepoda, Ray Soe., vol. i., p. 97.
CYCLOPS FIMBRIATUS, Fischer.
Cyclops fimbriatus, Fischer, Bull. Soc. Imp. Moscou, p. 94, pl. 3, figs. 19-28, 30.
C.f., Brady, Trans. Nat. Hist. Northumb. and Durham, vol. xispiet, p. 90) (20) spls 9; fey te
This paper supplies the bibliography of the species, which
some authors refer to Cyclops crassicornis, O. F. Miller, 1785.
C. f., Brady, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 123. Greytown, Natal, from Mr. Gibson.
CYCLOPS LEUCKARTI, Claus.
Cyclops leuckarti, Brady, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 122.
Greytown, Natal, from Mr. Gibson. Dr. Brady seems inchned to think that this species belongs to his Cyclops scourfieldi (Tr. N. H. Northumberland, vol. xi., pt. 1, p. 75 (10), pl. 4, pl. 6, figs. 6-8), which he identified with C. leuckartu, Sars (not C. leuckartt, Claus). Scourfield, Schmeil, Herrick favour the identification with Claus’ species
1904.
1904.
1880.
1903.
1904.
1904.
1843.
1892
Annals of the South African Musewm.
of which Thomas Scott gives an account, as C. leuckarti, in 15th Ann. Rep. Fishery Scotland, pt. 3, p. 322, pl. 9, figs. 23-25, 1897.
CycLops pusinLus, Brady. Cyclops pusillus, Brady, Proc. Zool. Soe, p. 122, pl. 6, figs. 11-18. Greytown, Natal, from Mr. Gibson.
CycLops GIBsoNI, Brady. Cyclops gibsont, Brady, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 123, pl. 6, figs. 1-10. Greytown, Natal, from Mr. Gibson.
CycLops HYALINUS, Rehberg. Cyclops hyalinus, Rehberg, Freileb. Siisswasser-Copepoden, Abhandl. Naturw. Verein, Bremen, vol. vi. C.h., Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. xxv., No. 8, p. 19.
‘*Cape of Good Hope (coll. of Dr. Purcell).” Sars remarks : “Dr. Schmeil regards this form as only a variety of C. otthonoides G. O. Sars. In this view I am by no means prepared to consent. It seems to me to be in reality a well defined species.”
It may here be noticed that Mr. D. J. Scourfield (Essex Naturalist, vol. x., p. 324, 1898) under ‘‘ Cyclops oithonoides, Sars,” writes as follows: ‘ In the ‘ Nachtrag’ (Bibliotheca Zoologica, Heft xxi, 1897) Schmeil says that specimens of C. scourfieldi var. sent to him by Prof. Brady proved to be C. oithonoides var. hyalina.”
Gen. ECTOCYCLOPS, Brady. Eetocyclops, Brady, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 124.
EctTocycLors RUBESCENS, Brady.
Ectocyclops rubescens, Brady, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 124, pl. 6, figs. 19, 20, pl. 7, figs. 21-27. Greytown, Natal, from Mr. Gibson.
Gen. OITHONA, Baird.
Oithona, Baird, Zoologist, vol. i., p. 59. O., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., pp. 77, 537.
1843. 1892.
1904.
1843.
1866.
1892.
1904.
1896. IOI
1904.
1905.
1892.
1904.
1903.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 549
* OITHONA PLUMIFERA, Baird.
Oithona plumifera, Baird, Zoologist, vol. i., p. 59. O. p., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., pp. 537, 754, figs. on pls. 4, 34, 44.
Giesbrecht considers that O. challengert, Brady, Chall. Rep., p. 97, pl. 40, figs. 1-10, confuses O. plumifera, Baird, and O. setigera, Dana. One of the stations was lat. 32° 24’ S., long. 13° 5' W. But which species was taken there is doubtful. O. p., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 193.
“H. and W., of the Cape Colony. False Bay.”
OITHONA SPLENDENS, Baird.
Oithona splendens, Baird, Zoologist, vol. i., p. 61. Off Cape of Good Hope, lat. 36° S., long. 10° E.
** OITHONA SIMILIS, Claus,
Oithona similis, Claus, Schrift. Ges. Naturw. Marburg, Suppl. pt. 1, p. 14. O. s., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., pp. 537, 539, figs. on pls. 34, 44. O. s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 193. “South of the Cape Colony, sparingly.”
* OITHONA RIGIDA, Giesbrecht.
Oithona rigida, Giesbrecht, Zool. Jahrb., vol. ix., p. 324.
O. r., Cleve, K. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl., vol. xxxv., No. 5, p. 45, pl. 5, figs. 7-18.
O. r., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 195.
Agulhas Current, 97 m.
O. r., Wolfenden, Copepoda, in Gardiner’s Fauna Mald. and
Lace. Arch., vol. ii., Suppl. 1, p. 1023, pl. 99, fig. 42.
** OITHONA NANA, Giesbrecht.
Oithona nana, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 538, figs. in pls. 4, 34, 44. O. n., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. i., p. 192. South of the Cape Colony.
Tre NOTODELPHYIDEA.
Notodelphyoida, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. iv., p. 2.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Or Or oS
Famity ASCIDICOLIDA. 1892. Ascidicolide, Canu, Les Copépodes du Boulonnais, p. 186.
Gren. ZANCLOPUS, Calman.
1908. Zanclopus, Calman, Trans. 8. African Phil. Soce., vol. xvii., pt. 2, p. 178.
* ZANCLOPUS CEPHALODISCI, Calman.
1908. Zanclopus cephalodisci, Calman, Trans. §. African Phil. Soce., vol. xvii., pt. 2, p. 178, pl. 18, figs. 1-8. “The parasite dealt with in this paper was discovered by Dr. W. G. Ridewood in the course of his investigation of Cephalodiscus gilchristi from the Cape Seas, and is_ briefly referred to in his memoir on that species (Mar. Invest. S. Airica, 1.4. p. Si). *
Gen. GUNENOTOPHORUS, Costa.
? 1840. Gunenotophorus, Costa, Fauna del Regno di Napoli, Catalogo de’ Crostacei, p. 7.
Among the Entomostraci Pecilopodi of this undated Catalogue, following a Preface dated 1838, there is included the new species Gunenotophorus globularis, but in my collection of Costa’s Crostacei there is no definition of either the genus or the species.
* GUNENOTOPHORUS GLOBULARIS, Costa.
1892. Gunenotophorus globularis, Canu, Les Copépodes du Boulon- nais, p. 200, pl. 11, figs. 1-12.
In Canu’s synonymy the reference following that to Costa is to Spheronotus thorelli, Ciaus, 1864. If Costa’s designa- tion is a nomen nudum, the species should be called thorellz,
1900 G. (?)g., Thomas Scott, 18th Ann. Rep. Fishery Scotland, pt. 3, p. 387, pl. 13, figs. 28-34, pl. 14, figs. 37, 38. 1910. G. g., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 164, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, taken on ‘‘Red Bait’’ in False Bay.
At this point the division of the Copepoda into Tribes is mystified, as neither Sars nor Giesbrecht, our leading authorities, has yet carried out his system fully to a practical application. Quite
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea, dol
recently C. B. Wilson, while bestowing richly deserved praise on the work of Professor Sars, says that 1t would be discourteous to try and carry his classification further, in advance cf its author's own progress. Yet surely no higher tribute could be paid to a principle of action than successful results produced by adopting it. This indeed would seem to be Mr. Wilson’s own feeling, since he immediately makes the attempt which he had just deprecated. He suggests that the Cyclopoida should contain the Chondracanthide in addition to the Coryczide, Lichomolgide and Ergasilide, that the Caligoida should contain the Lernzeide in addition to the Caligide and Dichelestiide, while leaving to the Lernzoida the Lerneeopodide and other indistinct possibilities. The present Catalogue must here content itself with accepted families to be hereafter allotted to appropriate tribes.
Famity SAPPHIRINIDAi.
1853. Coryceide, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 1201. 1892. C., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 83. 1910. Sapphirimde, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5. As in this family Sapphirina is a much older genus than Coryceus, the name of the family should be founded upon it. It has the sanction of Thorell’s work in 1859.
Gren. SAPPHIRINA, J. V. Thompson.
1829. Sapphirina, Thompson, Zoological Researches, vol. i., Mem. 3. 1892. S., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 618.
SAPPHIRINA INDICATOR, J. V. Thompson. 1829. Sapphirina indicator, Thompson, Zoological Researches, vol. i., Mem. 3, p. 47, pl. 8, fig. 2. Near the Cape of Good Hope. 1853. S.7., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., pp. 1203, 1238, 1254. Dana and Giesbrecht regard the species as beyond certain recognition.
SAPPHIRINA FULGENS, Templeton. ?1802. Oniscus fulgens, Tilesius, Neue Ann. Watterausch, vol. i., p. 10, pl. 218, fig. 24 (Templeton). 1836. Sapphirina f., Templeton, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. i., pt. 3, p. 194, pl. 21, fig. 8.
502
1849. 1853.
1892.
1904.
1849.
1853.
1892.
1904.
1849. 1853.
1892.
1904.
1859.
Annals of the South African Museum.
“Tt was found in great numbers in calm weather off the southern peninsula of Africa.’ Templeton assigns the species to Tilesius, and regards Thompson’s S. indicator as synony- mous. Allthree accounts have been regarded by later authors as insufficient for specific determination. Cyclops laticauda, Templeton, loc. cit., p. 195, pl. 21, fig. 10 a, b, also abundant off the Cape, is mentioned by Giesbrecht as another inde- terminate Sapphirina.
** SAPPHIRINA GEMMA, Dana. Sapphirina gemma, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. ii., p. 44. S.g., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 1252, pl. 88, figs. 1 a-f, 2 a-g. ‘ Tagulhas Bank, south of Cape of Good Hope.” ‘This species may possibly be the Sapphirina indicator.” S. g., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 618, figs. on pls. 3, 52-64. S. g., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 196. Agulhas Current.
* SAPPHIRINA ANGUSTA, Dana. Sapphirina angusta, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. i.,—p. 41. S.a., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xili., p. 1240, pl. 87, fig. 3 0,0: On the Lagulhas Bank, lat. 35° 50’ S., long. 28° E. S.a., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 619, figs. on pls. 52-54. S. a., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 196. Off the west coast in 277 m. |
* SAPPHIRINA OPALINA, Dana. Sapphirina opalina, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. u., p. 45. S.o., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xili., p. 1254, pl. 88, fig. 4 a-1, kl. S.o., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 620, figs. on pls. 52-04. S.o., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. i., p. 196. Agulhas Current.
* SAPPHIRINA SALPZ, Claus. Sapphirina salpe, Claus, Arch. Anat. Physiol. Wiss. Med., pl. 6.
1892
1904.
1863.
1892.
1904.
1833.
1892.
1904.
SOT.
1892.
1904.
1845. 1892.
1849.
1892
1904
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 5d3
S.s., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 618, figs. on pls. 2, 52-54. Giesbrecht offers S. iris, Dana, 1849, and S. scalaris, Fischer, 1860, as possible synonyms. S.s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. ili., p. 197. “Off Table Mountain, 450 m.”
* SAPPHIRINA NIGROMACULATA, Claus. Sapphirina nigromaculata, Claus, Freileb. Copepoden, p. 152, pie: S. n., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 619, figs. on pls. 52-54. S. n., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, p. 196. Agulhas Current.
* SAPPHIRINA SINUICAUDA, Brady. Sapphirina sinucauda, Brady, Challenger Copepoda, Reports, vol, viil., p. 129, pl. 49, figs. 7-10. S.s., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 620, figs. on pls. 52-54. S.s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 197. ‘Off Natal, surface ; off Table Mountain, 450 m.”
* SAPPHIRINA SCARLATA, Giesbrecht,
Sapphirina scarlata, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., vol. vii., p. 478. S.s., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 620, figs. on pls. 52-54. S. s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. i1., p. 197. Off the west coast, 350 m.
Gren. CORYCHUS, Dana.
Coryceus, Dana, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. ii., p. 285. C., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xiii., p. 85, 659.
* CORYCHUS SPECIOSUS, Dana.
Coryc@us speciosus, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. Sci., vol. i1., p. 38. C. s., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 660, figs. on pl. 51. C. s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. i1., p. 189. Agulhas Current. 37
504
1849.
1853.
1910.
1863.
1892.
1892.
1904.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Coryc#us PELLUCIDUS, Dana.
Coryceus pellucidus, Dana, Pr. Amer. Ae Sei. wolk ale, p. 38.
C. p., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii., p. 1224, pl. 86, fig. 6 a-d.
C. p., Brady, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. xi. (Zool. i1i.), p. 571, fig. 57 in text.
Port Natal, on the surface. Giesbrecht regards this species as doubtful, but Brady upholds it, and suggests that Coryceus rostratus, Claus, is a synonym.
* CORYCHEUS FURCIFER, Claus. Coryceus furcifer, Claus, Freileb. Copepoden, p. 10%, pl. 24. C. f., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 660, figs. on pls; 49> ole
. CO. f., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 188.
Agulhas Current and West of South Africa.
* CoORYCHUS OVALIS, Claus.
. Coryceus ovalis, Claus, Freileb. Copepoden, p. 158. . C. o., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 659, figs. on
pl. 49, and pl. 51, figs. 1-3.
_ C. 0., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 188.
Agulhas Bank and West of South Africa.
* Corycmus roBUSTUS, Giesbrecht.
. Coryceus robustus, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., vol. vii.,
p. 480.
. C.r., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 660, figs. on
pl. 51.
4. C. r., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. ili., p. 188.
Agulhas Current.
* CoRYCHUS DAN, Giesbrecht.
. Coryceus dane, Giesbrecht, Atti Ace, Lincei Rend., vol. vii.,
p. 480. C. d., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 660, figs. on pl. 51. C. d., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. ili., p. 188. Sparingly east and west.
1892.
1843. 1892.
1843. 1892.
1904.
1863. 1891.
1904.
1891.
1904.
1891.
1904.
1892.
1904
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 555
Fawity ONCAIDAL. Onceide, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 81.
Gren. ONCZHA, Philippi. Oncea, Philippi, Arch. Naturg., vol. ix., p. 62. O., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 590.
* Oncoma VENUSTA, Philippi. Oncea venusta, Philippi, Arch. Naturg., vol. ix., p. 62, pl. 4. O. v., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 590, figs. on pl. 47. O. v., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, p. 194. Round the Cape Colony.
* ONCHA MEDITERRANEA (Claus).
Antaria mediterranea, Claus, Freileb. Copepoden, p. 159, pl. 30. Oncea m., Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., vol. vii., pe Ait. O. m., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8S. Africa, p. 193. Round the Cape Colony, sparingly.
** ONCHA MEDIA, Giesbrecht. Oncea media, Giesbrecht, Atti Ace. Lincei Rend., vol. vii., Dele O. m., Mar. Invest. §. Africa, vol. iii., p. 1938. Agulhas Current and off Table Mountain.
* ONCHA CONIFERA, Giesbrecht.
Oncea conifera, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., vol. vii., p. 477. O. c., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. iii., p. 193. Sparingly round the Cape Colony.
* ONCHA SUBTILIS, Giesbrecht. Oncea subtilis, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 591, figs. on pl. 47. O.s., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 194. South of the Cape Colony.
556
1863. 1892. SiO:
1891.
1892.
1904.
1910:
1863. 1892.
1891.
1892.
1904.
1891. 1892.
1691;
1892.
1904.
Annals of the South African Musewm.
Gren. PACHOS, n.n.
Pachysoma, Claus, Freileb. Copepoden, p. 162. P., Giesbrecht, F’. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., pp. 82, 612. Pachos, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
The new name, Pachos, from the neuter noun zayoc, thickness, is here introduced in place of the much-pre- occupied Pachysoma.
* PACHOS TUBEROSUM (Giesbrecht).
Pachysoma tuberosum, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., vol. vii., p. 478. P. t., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 612, pl. 48, fig. 37. P, t., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. iii., p. 194. Agulhas Current, 900 m. Pachos t., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
Gren. LUBBOCKIA, Claus.
Lubbockia, Claus, Freileb. Copepoden, p. 163. L., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., pp. 82, 606.
LUBBOCKIA ACULEATA, Giesbrecht. Lubbockia aculeata, Giesbrecht, Atti Ace. Lincei Rend., vol. vii., p. 477. L. a., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 606, figs. on pl. 48. L. a., Cleve, Mar. Invest. S. Africa, vol. i., p. 191. West side of the Cape Colony, 277 m.
Gren. CON AA, Giesbrecht.
Conea, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., vol. vii., p. 477. C., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., pp. 82, 605.
** ConmA RAPAX, Giesbrecht.
Conea rapax, Giesbrecht, Atti Acc. Lincei Rend., vol. vi., p. AI. C. r., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xix., p. 605, pl. 48, figs. 50-89. C.r., Cleve, Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. ii., p. 188. Agulhas Current, 900 m.
1899.
1897. 1899:
1894.
1897.
1899.
1910:
1899.
1899.
1910.
1903. 1910.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea, 557
Famity ASTHEROCHERIDAL.
Asterocherine, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxv., p. 98. The subfamilies of Giesbrecht’s more comprehensive family Asterocheride are here raised a step in rank.
Gen. SCOTTOCHERKHS, Giesbrecht.
Scottocheres, Giesbrecht, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. xx. S., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxv., p. 104.
ScoTrocHERES ELONGATUS (T. and A. Scott). Acontiophorus elongatus, T. and A. Scott, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, vol. xil., p. 145, pl. 9, figs. 15-20. Scottocheres e., Giesbrecht, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. xx., Nos. 621, 522 (sep. copy, p. 6). S. e., Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxv., p. 104, pl. 4, figs. 1-13. S.e., Brady, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. xi. (Zool. iii.), p. 578, pl. 58, figs. 12-17. mon’s Bay.
Famiry DYSPONTITDA. Dyspontiine, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxv., p. 105.
Gren. CRYPTOPONTIUS, Giesbrecht.
Cryptopontius, Giesbrecht, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. xxv., pp. 30, 89, 108, 116, 120.
CRYPTOPONTIUS INNOMINATUS, Brady. Cryptopontius innominatus, Brady, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. xi. (Zool. iii.), p. 582, fig. 65 in text. A much-damaged specimen, from lat. 30° §., long. 10° E., surface.
Trinz CALIGIDEA.
Caligoida, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. iv., p. 2. C., C. B. Wilson, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. xxxv., No. 20, pp. 619, 620.
508
1905.
1907:
1785. 1905.
1863.
1905.
1910.
1816.
1907.
1866.
1816. 1907.
1816.
1907.
Annals of the South African Musewmn.
Faminy CALIGIDA.
Caligide, C. B. Wilson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxviii., p. 479. C., C. B. Wilson, Proc: U:S: Nat, Mus;:; vol? xxxi.-p. 669, and vol. xxxill., p. 323. In these valuable memoirs Wilson has gathered together apparently all the wisdom that has been poured out on this interesting group of parasites.
Gun. CALIGUS, O. F. Miller.
Caligus, Miller, Entomostraca, p. 128. C., Wilson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxviii., p. 555.
CALIGUS PELAMYDIS, Kroyer. Caligus pelamydis, Kroyer, Naturhist., Tidsskrift, Ser. 3, vol. ii., p. 124, pl. 4, fig. 4 a-g. C. p., Wilson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxviii., pp. 559, 594, pl. 13, figs. 154-161, pl. 14, fig. 161 a. C. p., Brady, Deutsche siidpol. Exp., vol. xi. (Zool. iii.), p. 589, fig. 69 (2) in text. Simon’s Bay, in net with fish.
Gen. PANDARUS, Leach.
Pandarus, Leach, Encycel. Brit., ed. 5, Suppl., p. 405, art. Annulosa. P., Wilson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxxiii., pp. 346, 387.
PANDARUS ARMATUS, Heller.
Pandarus armatus, Heller, Novara Crustacea, p. 202, pl. 19, fig. 4. On Scylliwm africanum from the Cape of Good Hope.
GEN. CECROPS, Leach.
Cecrops, Leach, Encyel. Brit., ed. 5, Suppl., p. 405. C., Wilson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxxiii., pp. 465, 465.
* CECROPS LATREILLI, Leach. Cecrops latreillii, Leach, Encyel. Brit., ed. 5, Suppl., p. 405, pl. 20, figs. 1-8. C.i., Wilson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol: xxxii., p. 468, pls. 38, 39.
MO!
1837.
1902.
IO:
1837.
1863.
1902.
1907.
NOLO;
1861.
1907.
1837.
1861.
ISOM
GAO:
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 559
C. 1., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 5. No. 55, specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from gills of Orthagoriscus mola taken at the Cape of Good Hope.
GEN. ORTHAGORISCICOLA, Poche.
Lemargus (preoce.), Kréyer, Naturhist. Tidsskrift, Ser. 1, vol. i., p. 500.
Orthagoriscicola, Poche, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. xxvi., p. 13.
O., Wilson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxxiii., p. 472.
“ ORTHAGORISCICOLA MURICATUS (Kroyer).
Cecrops (? Lemargus) muricatus, Kroyer, Naturhist. Tidsskr., vol. i., p. 487, pl. 5, figs. A—-E. Lemargus m., Kroyer, Naturhist. Tidsskr, Ser. 3, vol. i1.,
p. 262.
Orthagoriscicola muricata, Poche, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. xxvi., Dp: la:
O. m., Wilson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxxii., p. 473, pls. 40, 41.
O. muricatus, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 52, specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from skin of Orthagoriscus mola taken in Table Bay. The termination of Poche’s generic name is not feminine, so that Kroyer’s specific name should remain unchanged.
Gren. ECHTHROGALBUS, Steenstrup and Liitken.
Echthrogaleus, Steenstrup and Liitken, K. Danska Vid. Selsk. Skr., Ser. 5, vol. v., p. 380 (40). E., Wilson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxxiii., p. 362.
** HCHTHROGALEUS COLEOPTRATUS (Guérin). Dinematura coleoptrata, Guérin, Iconogr., Crustacés, pl. 35 fig. 6 (Dinemoura c. in text, p. 42, 1843).
Echthrogaleus coleoptratus, Steenstrup and Liitken, K.D. Vid. Selsk. Skr., Ser. 5, vol. v., p. 380 (40), pl. 8, fig. 15. E.c., Wilson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxxiil., pp. 363, 367,
pl Le: H. c., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5. No. 54, specimen sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from Orthagoriscus mola taken in Table Bay.
560 Aunals of the South African Museum.
Famiry CHONDRACANTHIDA.
1840. “Chondracanthiens,” Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crusé., vol. iii., p. 491. 1899. Chondracanthide, Bassett-Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 488.
Grn. SPHYRION, Cuvier.
1830. “ Les Sphyrions,’ Cuvier, Le Régne Animal, éd. 2, vol. iii., p. 207.
1829-43. Sphyrion, Guérin, Iconographie, Zoophytes, p. 11.
1900. S., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 59.
* SPHYRION LAVIGATUM, Guérin. 1829-43. Sphyrion levigatus, Guérin, Iconographie, Zoophytes, De Liaplag ties 4s 1900. S. levigatum, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 60, pl. 4.
No. 20, specimen sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from the “ King- Klip-fish,”” Koning Klip Visch, Genypterus capensis (Smith), taken on sand-banks near the entrance to Table Bay (see Mar. Invest. 8. Africa, vol. 1., p. 148).
Gren. MEDESICASTH, Kroyer.
1864. Medesicaste, WKroyer, Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 3, vol. ii., pt. 3, pp. 386-388. 1899. M., Bassett-Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 489.
MEDESICASTE PENETRANS, Heller. 1866. Medesicaste penetrans, Heller, Novara Crustacea, pp. 235, 267, pl. 25, figs. 1, 2. Found in the mouth cavity of Trigla capensis, Cuvier and Valenciennes, taken at the Cape.
Faminry LERNAIDA.
1905. Lerneide, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 116. Under this reference bibliographical notes are given. 1910, Z., C. B. Wilson, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. xxxv., No. 20, p. 620. Wilson says: ‘‘ Further study is likely to emphasize the fact that the Lerneid, in spite of their degeneration, are
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 561
more closely related to the Caligide and Dichelestiide than they are to the Lernwopodide.’’ He therefore proposes to transfer the Lerneeide to the Caligoida, here called Caligidea.
Gen. PENNELLA, Oken.
1815. Pennella, Oken, Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte, pt. 3, zool., p. 397. 1905. P., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 117.
* PENNELLA ORTHAGORISCI, Wright.
1870. Pennella orthagorisci, Wright, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 4, vol. v., Doto; ple. 1905. P. 0., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, p. 119. No. 168, sent by Dr. Gilchrist, from an Orthagoriscus mola caught in Table Bay.
Trize LERNEOPODIDEA.
With the removal of the genus Lernea and the family Lerne- ide from the tribe Lernzoida of Sars, the name of that tribe must undergo some change, for which tentatively I propose Lerneopodidea, on the supposition that Lerneopoda may be the premier genus. Bassett-Smith gives a reference to Lerneopoda cyprinacea, Hermann, 1783, although both he and Heller attribute the genus to Kroyer, while Kroyer himself (Naturh. Tidsskr., vol. 1., p. 194, 1837) attributes it to de Blainville, who, in fact, instituted it as Lerneopoda in 1823, or earlier (see Desmarest, Consid. gén Crust., p. 350).
Faminry LERNEKOPODIDA.
1840. “ Lernéopodiens,’’ Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. iii., p. 505, and table facing p. 492. 1899. Lerneopodide, Bassett-Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 496.
Gen. LERNEOMYZON, de Blainville.
1823. Lerneomyzon, de Blainville, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xxvi., p. 122.
1830. “ Les Anchorelles,’ Cuvier, Régne Animal, éd. 2, vol. iii, p. 207 (Nematoidea).
Since de Blainville’s name (given as Lerneomizon by
562
1864.
1866.
1866.
1887.
S97.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Desmarest and as Lerneonyzon by Bassett-Smith), seems undoubtedly prior to Cuvier’s genus of intestinal worms, the preference for Anchorella, to which Cuvier in 1830 did not even vouchsafe a Latin form, is not easy to explain.
LERNEOMYZON DENTICIS (Kroyer). Anchorella denticis, Kroyer, Naturhist. Tidsskr., Ser. 3,vol. 11., p. 370, pl. 16, fig. 4 a, b. A.d., Heller, Novara Crustacea, p. 243. “On Dentex rupestris from the Cape.” Dr. Gilchrist (Mar. Invest., vol. i., pp. 109, 114) points out that Pagrus laticeps, Cuvier and Valenciennes, has sometimes been confused with
the true Dentex rupestris, of those authors, both of the fishes being South African.
LERNEOMYZON CANTHARI (Heller). Anchorella canthari, Heller, Novara Crustacea, p. 242, pl. 24, fig. 6.
On Cantharus bleekert from the Cape. Dr. Gilchrist’s Catalogue includes Cantharus blochit, Cuvier and Valenciennes, the ‘“‘ Hottentot,” so that possibly Heller writes C. bleekeri by mistake for C. blochit.
Famiry SPHATRONELLIDA. Choniostomatide, Hansen, Dijmphna-Togtets zool.-bot. Udbytte, p. 271.
C., Hansen, The Choniostomatide, Copepoda parasites on Malacostraca.
1902. Spheronellide, Stebbing, Eneycl. Brit., ed. 10, vol. xxviii.,
1868. 1897.
Suppl. vol. iv., p. 278. The genus Spheronella being earlier than Hansen’s Chonio- stoma should give its title to the family.
Gren. SPHAJRONELLA, Salensky.
Spheronella, Salensky, Arch. Naturg., vol. xxxiv., p. 301. S., Hansen, The Choniostomatid, pp. 4, 98.
SPH RONELLA CAPENSIS, Hansen.
1897. Spheronella capensis, Hansen, The Choniostomatide, pp. 100,
131, pl. 5, figs. 4a—4c, pl. 6, figs. la—-ld.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 563
Habitat in the marsupium of a female of Lemboides afer, Stebbing, from South Africa, at or near the Cape of Good Hope.
THYROSTRACA.
For the early synonymy of this term see the article Thyrostraca in the Encyclopedia Britannica, ed. 10, vol. xxxiii., Suppl., vol. ix., p. 319, 1902.
1758. 1851. 1907.
1758.
1866.
1883.
1818. 1848.
1851.
1910.
THORACICA. PEDUNCULATA.
Faminy LEPADIDA.
Gen. LEPAS, Linn.
Lepas (part) Linn., Systema Nature, ed. 10, p. 667. Lepas, Darwin, The Lepadide, Ray Soe., p. 67. Lepas, Pilsbry, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bulletin 60, p. 79.
LEPAS ANATIFERA, Linn. Lepas anatifera, Linn., Systema Nature, ed. 10, p. 667. L. a., Heller, Reise der Novara, Crustaceen, pp. 253, 267 (Cape). LL. a., Hoek, Challenger Reports, vol. viii., pt. 3, p. 38, pl. 1, nigge ly 2. “Cape of Good Hope, November, 1873. Numerous speci- mens of very different sizes (capitulum 5-45 mm.). The larger specimens with ova; taken from a log of wood.”
* Lepas HILLIt (Leach).
Pentalasmis hill, Leach, Tuckey’s Congo Expedit., p. 413. Anatifa levis, Brug., Krauss, Die Siidafrikanischen Mol- lusken, p. 136.
‘At the mouth of the river Knysna.’’ Whether the species named by Krauss belongs to this or the preceding specific name is apparently an open question.
Lepas hill, Darwin, The Lepadide, Ray Soc., p. 77, pl. 1, fig. 2. No. 35, well-grown specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist,
564
1851.
1897.
1786.
1851. TSHO:
1892.
1894.
1825.
Annals of the South African Musewm.
were taken “from bottom of barque ‘ Antarctic,’ of Swan- sea 8th Sept. 98 lying in Cape Docks, cleared at Shields, and left for Cape Town June 1898.”
LEPAS AUSTRALIS, Darwin. Lepas australis, Darwin, The Lepadide, Ray Soe., p. 89, pl. 1p tig. 5. L. a., Weltner, Arch. Naturg., vol. Ixii., pt. 1, p. 245. Specimens taken among the Hydroidpolyps, among alge, on stones, and attached to Balanus capensis, at Cape Town, by 8.M.S. Prinz Adalbert.
* LEPAS FASCICULARIS, Ellis and Solander.
Lepas fascicularis, Ellis and Solander, Natural History of Zoophytes, p. 197, pl. 15, fig. 6.
L. f., Darwin, The Lepadide, Ray Soc., p. 92, pl. 1, fig. 6.
L. f., Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
No. 167, specimens received from Dr, Gilchrist, who writes : ‘«‘ Appendages, body and stalk were of a pale blue colour in the larger specimens, while in the smaller, which are apparently a different kind altogether, these parts are of a dark brown. The gelatinous part round the feather was white, faintly yellow.” On the colouring and extreme vari- ability of this species, see Darwin, The Lepadide, p. 98. Darwin refers to fig. 5 of Ellis and Solander, which is their Lepas dorsalis. Sherborn’s. Index Animalium does not mention either that species or Lepas fascicularcs.
Lepas TESTUDINATA, C. W. Aurivillius.
Lepas testudinata, C. W. Aurivillius, Ofversigt af Kgl. Svenska
Vet. Akad. Forh., No. 3, p. 123. LT. t. Aurivillius, Kongl. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handlingar,
vol. xxvi., No. 7, p. 7, pl. 1, figs. 1-3, pl. 8, fig. 4.
A quantity of specimens on objects driving about in the
sea, collected at Table Bay by G. de Vylder ; two specimens at Port Natal by Wahlberg.
Gren. OCTOLASMIS, Gray.
Octolasmis, Gray, Annals of Philosophy, vol. xxvi., or new series, vol. x., p. 100.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 565
1851. Dichelaspis, Darwin, The Lepadide, Ray Soc., p. 118. 1907. Octolasmis, Pilsbry, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bulletin 60, p. 93.
OcroLasMIs cor (Aurivillius). 1892. Dichelaspis cor, Aurivillius, Ofv. af Kgl. Svenska Vet. Akad. Forh., No. 3, p. 124. 1894. D. c., Aurivillius, Kongl. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handlingar, yol, xxvi., No. 7, p. 20, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2. “ At Port Natal, attached in large numbers to the branchie of a brachyurous decapod,”’ collected by Wahlberg.
Grex. CONCHODERMA, Olfers.
1814 ?. Conchoderma, von Olfers,:Magaz. der Gesellsch. Natur- forsch. Freunde zu Berlin, vol. viii. (1818), drittes Quartal (dated 1814), p. 177.
1851. C., Darwin, The Lepadide, Ray Soc., p. 136.
The true date of the genus is very uncertain, since in vol. vill. of the Ges. Nat. Freunde the fourth part, which, like the third, is dated 1814, actually contains an article on the weather of 1816!
* CONCHODERMA AURITUM (Linn.).
1767. Lepas aurita, Linn., Systema Nature, ed. 12, p. 1110. 1851. Conchoderma aurita, Darwin, The Lepadide, Ray Soc., p. 141, pl. 3, fig. 4. 1910. C. auritwm, Stebbing, 8.A. Crustacea, pt. 5. Specimens sent by Dr. Gilchrist, No. 36, found on the barque mentioned under Lepas hillit, and others, No. 28, on a “Coronula taken from skin of hump-back whale cut up in Table Bay, 16-6-77.” Several fine specimens of this species have also been sent me by Mr. H. W. Bell-Marley. They are seated on Coronula diadema, from a hump-back whale taken at Durban. A striking figure of the two cirripede species combined is given as early as 1759 by Ellis (Phil. Trans., vol. 1., pt. 2, for the year 1758, pl. 34, figs. land 7). Ellis, at p. 846, explains that the Barnacle is generally called Balanus or Concha anatifera, but that Linnzeus distinguished the fish or actual animal as Triton, and called the covering Lepas. In the explanation of plate 34, under Lepades pedate, fig. lis named Lepas nuda carnosa aurita, rendered into English as “ Barnicles with stems,” and “ naked fleshy
566
1817.
1848.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Barnicle with ears.’ At p. 849 he says: “ I have called this animal the Naked Fleshy Barnacle with Ears; but it appears to claim the name of Triton rather than Lepas, according to Linneus, as having no shelly habitation.” It will be per- ceived that the designation of the species is not binomial. Ellis’s paper was read Dec. 21, 1758, but the Phil. Trans. for 1758 was not published till 1759.
** CONCHODERMA VIRGATUM (Spengler).
Lepas virgata, Spengler, Skrifter Naturhist. Selskabet, vol. 1., p. 207, spl iGy tig-29.
. Conchoderma virgata, Darwin, The Lepadidx, Ray Soe., p. 146,
pl. 3; fig. 2; pl. 9, fig. 4. Conchoderma virgatum, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 3, in Gilchrist’s Marine Investigations, vol. iv., p. 120. Specimens attached to Pennella orthagorisci, Wright, from a sun-fish caught in Table Bay in 1903. Other specimens from the Cape, No. 37, were sent by Dr. Gilchrist in 1898, from the Swansea barque above-mentioned.
Gren. SCALPELLUM, Leach.
Scalpellum, Leach, Journ. de Physique, vol. Ixxxv., p. 68.
Dr. Annandale, in Memoirs of the Indian Museum, vol. i1., No. 2, p. 63, 1909, proposes to include this genus, together with Pollicipes and Lithotrya in a family Pollicipedide. But Pilsbry has pointed out that Mztella, Oken, 1815, has priority over Pollicipes, Leach, 1817. Annandale’s family, therefore, if adopted, should be named Mitellidee.
ScALPELLUM oRNATUM (J. H. Gray).
Thaliella ornata, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. xvi., 1848, p. 44, Annulosa, plate.
Dr. J. E. Gray says: “This genus was shown to me by Mr. J. S. Bowerbank, who received it from Algoa Bay attached to some species of Plumaria.”’ He describes the species as “Thaliella ornata. Pale horn-coloured, varied with red spots, or with a single red band on each side; valves horny, sub- pellucid, radiately striated. On Plumaria, Algoa Bay, Cape of Good Hope. Presented to the British Museum by J. 5. Bowerbank, Esq.”
1851.
i
708.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 567 Scalpellum ornatum, Darwin, Ray Soc., p. 244, pl. 6, fig. 1. “Algoa Bay, South Africa. Attached to Sertularia and
Plaumularia.”’
ScCALPELLUM RUTILUM, Darwin.
. Scalpellum rutilum, Darwin, Ray Soc., p. 253, pl. 6, fig. 2 a, 4, c.
A small specimen, answering well to Darwin’s account of this species, sent me by Mr. H. W. Bell-Marley, was taken in 37 m. depth, off Bird Island.
OPERCULATA.
Famity BALANIDA. Gren. BALANUS, Ellis? or Da Costa.
. Balanus, Da Costa, Hist. Nat. Test. Brit. (see Darwin,
Balanide, p. 177), and British Conch., p. 249 (see Sherborn, Index Animalium, p. lvii).
. B., J. G. Bruguiére, Ency. Méth. (Vers) @) 1789, xu & 158.
Tom. i., pt. 1, pp. 1-344, though dated on title-page 1792, was published in 1789, as shown by original wrappers. See Sherborn and B. B. Woodward, Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 7, Vole xvi ps O19.
54. B., Darwin, The Balanide, Ray Soc., p. 177. 2. B., Sherborn, Index Animalium, pp. lvii, 104, 1083.
Sherborn does not include Ellis as an authority for Balanus, no doubt on the ground (mentioned by Darwin) that in 1759 he was not a binomial authority. The reference to Da Costa, accidentally omitted from Sherborn’s general list, is supplied on p. lvii, supplementing Darwin’s reference by giving p. 249 for the occurrence of Balanus in Da Costa’s Conchology. Darwin, Balanide, p. 204, accepts Ellis as authority for B. tulipvformis, referring to Phil. Trans., vol. ]. (1758), pl. 30, fig. 10. But the date should be 1759, the plate number 34, and, for the reason given above, the species should be accre- dited to Darwin himself, not to Ellis.
BaLaNUS TINTINNABULUM (Linn.).
Lepas tintinabulum, Linn., Systema Nature, ed. 10, p. 668. In this edition the double n of the specific name is ex- pressed by i.
568
Annals of the South African Musewm.
1848. B. ¢t., Krauss, Die Siidafrikanischen Mollusken, p. 135.
1854.
1854.
1854.
1827.
1854,
1854.
From Natal Bay.
B, t., Darwin, the Balanidz, Ray Soc., p. 194, pl. 1, figs. a-l, pl. 2, figs. la—lo.
At p. 198 Darwin says: ‘I have seen [young] specimens attached to kelp from the Cape of Good Hope, with their parietes white and ribbed, and their radii mottled with pinkish- purple.” On p. 200 he says that this species, as one element of its distribution, ‘‘ ranges from the Island of Madeira to the Cape of Good Hope.”’
BALANUS CAPENSIS, Darwin.
Balanus capensis, Darwin, The Balanide, Ray Soc., p. 209, pl. 2, figs. 44-0.
“Cape of Good Hope. Attached to stems of Fuci, Algoa Bay. . . . Attached to floating kelp, Lagulhas Bank.’ In 1759 Ellis (Phil. Trans., vol. 1., for 1758) figured this species on pl. 34, fig. 14, as Balanus capensis ore obliquo, not a bi- nomial designation, so that the species, if distinct from B. psittacus, Molina, must be assigned to Darwin himself.
BALANUS CALCEOLUS, Darwin. Balanus calceolus, Darwin, The Balanidee, Ray Soc., p. 218, pl. 3, figs. 3 a—e. A specimen answering to Darwin’s account of this species, sent me by Mr. W. H. Bell-Marley, was taken in 37 m. depth off Bird Island.
BALANUS SPONGICULA, Brown. Balanus spongicula, Brown, Illustrations of the Conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, pl. 7, fig. 6.
The text is confined to the explanation of the plates, unattended by numbering of the pages; spongicula may be regarded as a printer’s error.
B. spongicola, Darwin, the Balanidee, Ray Soc., p. 225, pl. 4, figs. la-—d.
“Tjagulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope, on detached kelp, with B. Capensis.”
BALANUS AMPHITRITE, Darwin. Balanus amplitrite, Darwin, The Balanide, Ray Soc., p. 240, pl. 5, figs. 2a—2o.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 569
Among nine varieties Darwin names three from South Africa—communis, venustus, and niveus—specifying Natal as a locality for the first two.
1848. Balanus radiatus, Brug., Krauss, Die Siidafrikanischen Mollusken, p. 136.
From Natal Bay. Krauss, in Die Siidafrikanischen Crusta- ceen, Malacostraca, p. 25, 1843, incidentally mentions “ Balanus radiatus Br.’ as frequent in Natal Bay, young specimens being situated on the carapace, chelipeds, and walking-legs of the crabs which he names Charybdis granu- latus, Dehaan, Thalamita admete, Latreille, Thalamita prymna, Dehaan, and Thalamita crenata, Latreille. Darwin explains that a species, figured by Chemnitz in 1785 and described by Spengler in 1790, was named Balanus radiatus by Bruguiére in 1789, but that from Spengler’s description it cannot be the same as B. amphitrite. The latter he identifies with Lepas balanoides, Poli, 1795 (not L. 6., Linn., 1767), and with Lepas radiata, Wood, 1815 (not B. radiatus, Brug. 1789). These two names being preoccupied, the species mentioned by Krauss should probably be called B. amphitrite.
BALANUS CRENATUS, Bruguiére.
1789 or 1792. Balanus crenatus, Bruguiére, Encycl. Méth. (Vers), voli. p» L68.* 1854. B.c., Darwin, The Balanide, p. 261, pl. 6, figs. 6a—6g.
At p. 264 Darwin says: ‘It appeared to me exceedingly improbable that an animal which can exist in lat. 75° N. should inhabit the hot shores of Jamaica; but subsequently I have received a specimen from Prof. Krauss, collected by himself in Algoa Bay, which is perfectly characterised, and even has the little cells under the sheath: so that I am com- pelled to admit this enormous range and capability of resist- ing the most extreme climates.”
Gen. ACASTA, Leach.
1817. Acasta, Leach, Journal de Physique, vol. Ixxxv., p. 69. 1854. A., Darwin, The Balanidxw, Ray Soc., p. 302.
* It may be mentioned that vol. i., 1792, of the Encyclopédie Méthodique con- tains an introductory note to the effect that the first part (by which may be meant the edition of 1789) is called on the frontispiece ‘‘ Tome Sixiéme au lieu de Tome Premier.”
38
570
ASH:
1854.
1854.
Annals of the South African Musewm.
ACASTA SPONGITES (Poll).
Lepas spongites, Poli, Testacea utriusque Siciliz, vol. i., p. 25, pl. 6, figs. 3-6.
. Acasta s., Darwin, the Balanide, Ray Soc., p. 308, pl. 9,
figs. la—ld.
Speaking of the basis in this species, Darwin says: ‘It is often penetrated by small rounded irregular holes; and I have seen specimens from the Cape of Good Hope with parts like a sieve.” The date and page of Poli’s work are from Sherborn’s Index Animalium. Darwin gives no page, and dates the work 1795, when the second volume was published.
Gen. TETRACLITA, Schumacher.
Tetraclita, Schumacher, Essai d’un Nouveau Systéme des Habitations des Vers Testacés, p. 91. Tetraclita, Darwin, The Balanide, Ray Soc., p. 321.
TETRACLITA SQUAMOSA (Bruguiére).
Balanus squamosus, Bruguiére, Encycl. Méth. (Vers), vol. i., p. LfOS pl al6o, figs: 2; 10)
. Lepas porosa, Gmelin, Systema Nature, ed. 13, vol. i., pt. 6,
p. 3212. Tetraclita porosa, Darwin, The Balanide, Ray Soe., p. 329, pl. 10, figs. la—1m.
. T. p., Weltner, Arch. Naturg., vol. lxiii., pt. 1, p. 257.
Weltner reports the species as taken in the South Sea, at the Cape, by Bergius and by Johswich. Darwin supposed that Bruguiére and Gmelin both published this species in the same year, and, as he did not know which had actual priority, he gave the preference to the better-known name. But the part of Gmelin’s Systema which contains this species did not appear till 1790, as will be seen by Sherborn’s Index Animalium. Accordingly Bruguiére’s specific name should be adopted, the work containing it having a year’s priority, as explained above under Balanus.
TETRACLITA SERRATA, Darwin.
Tetraclita serrata, Darwin, The Balanidwe, Ray Soc., p. 334, pl. 10, figs. 2a—2d. Darwin says: ‘I have seen three separate lots of this
1848.
1848.
1854.
1802.
1854.
IAS 1854.
1873.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 571
species all from the Cape of Good Hope; one lot was collected by Dr. Krauss, at Algoa Bay, and I strongly suspect is the species described by him in his ‘Siidafrikanischen Mollusken’
as Conia porosa.” Asemus porosus is the name used by
Kyauss.
Asemus porosus Ranzani, Krauss, Die Siidafrikanischen Mollus- ken, p. 136.
From Algoa Bay.
. Tetrachta serrata, Weltner, Arch. Naturg., vol. lxiii., pt. 1,
p. 258.
Weltner reports it from Port Grosvenor, in Pondo Land, South Africa, as found by Bachmann, ‘‘in great numbers on ledges of rock, bare at ebb-tide, especially on places where the surf splashes violently.”’
TETRACLITA ROSEA (Krauss). Conia rosea, Krauss, Die Siidafrikanischen Mollusken, p. 136, pl. 6. fig. 28. Tetraclhita r., Darwin, The Balanide, Ray Soc., p. 335, pl. 10, figs. 3a—3d.
Darwin says: ‘‘I am greatly indebted to Professor Krauss for having sent me, for examination, the unique specimen collected by himself in Algoa Bay. There can be no doubt of the identity of the African and Australian specimens. It is a singular circumstance that the same species should occur in these two distant places, and, as far as at present known, not in the intermediate, more tropical coasts.”
GEN. CORONULA, Lamarck. Coronula, Lamarck, Annales du Museum, vol. i., p. 464.
At p. 468 of the same volume Dufresne discusses the three species, diadema, balenaris and testudinarius assigned to this genus by Lamarck.
C., Darwin, The Balanidze, Ray Soc., p. 397.
* CORONULA DIADEMA (Linn.). Lepas diadema, Linn., Systema Nature, ed. 12, p. 1108. Coronula d., Darwin, The Balanide, Ray Soc., p. 417, pl. 15, figs. 3-30, pl. 16, figs. 1, 2, 7. C. d., Liitken, Vidensk Selsk Skr., Ser. 5, vol. x., No. 3, p. 265 (specimen from Cape Museum).
572
1900.
1910:
1854.
Annals of the South African Museum.
C. d., BR. Merloth, Trans. 8.A. Phil. Soc., vol. xi., pt. 1, p. ik.
“The coronet barnacle, from a hump-back whale (Mega- ptera boops),” at the Cape.
C. d., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
A specimen (No. 38), surmounted by Conchoderma auritum, sent me from the Cape by Dr. Gilchrist, and others from Durban, one of which was similarly occupied, sent by Mr. W. H. Bell-Marley, appear to me to belong to this species. One of the Durban specimens has the depressed shape, of which Darwin speaks in regard to his Coronula regine (The Balanidx, Ray Soc., p. 419, pl. 15, fig. 5; pl. 16, fig. 4). It seems doubtful whether C. regine is really distinct from C. diadema.
* CORONULA DARWINI, 0.0.
Coronula balenaris, Darwin, The Balanide, Ray Soc., p. 415, pl. 15, figs. 2, 26, pl. 16, figs. 3, 5.
Darwin says: ‘“‘I have examined nine sets of specimens having localities attached to them: three from off New South Wales ; two off the Cape of Good Hope; two from the west coast of South America; and two marked only ‘ South Sea.’ Hence I am led to conclude that this species is confined to the southern hemisphere, or if it extends into the northern hemisphere, it is probably only in the Pacific Ocean. I do not believe (though so stated in some works) that this species occurs on the shores of Europe.”” Now, Darwin begins his synonymy of this species with “ LEPAs BALaZNARIS, Gmelin, Systema Nature (1789).”” That reference would more properly run as Lepas balenaris, O. F. Miller, Gmelin’s Systema Nature, ed. 13, vol. i., pt. 6, p. 3208 (1790). But Gmelin’s synonymy identifies the species with Miiller’s L. 6., in the Zoologiz Danice Prodromus, No. 3024, p. 250 (1776), and with the same species in “ O. Fabr. Fn. groenl, p. 425, n. 425” (1780). His reference to “ Rumpf mus, t. 14, f H.,” is of no importance since the figure of a Coronwla in the edition of 1705 is taken from a specimen supplied by Dr. D’Aquet, not necessarily of oriental origin. Gmelin ends the description of L. balenaris with the reasonable inquiry, ‘an forsan eadem cum diademate?” There can, however, be no reasonable doubt that Darwin’s C. balenaris ‘attached to whales in the Southern Ocean,” is distinct from C. diadema and diadema’s not improb- able synonym C. balenaris (Miiler). I, therefore, associate
1910.
1802.
1854.
1802. 1806.
1848.
1854.
1900.
1900.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 573
Darwin’s own name with the species which he has taken so much trouble to discriminate. C. darwini, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5.
From his imperfect and not quite accurate reference to Gmelin, and neglect of Gmelin’s synonymy, it seems obvious, though strange, that Darwin did not consult Gmelin’s work on this particular topic. Otherwise he must have perceived that Gmelin’s Lepas balenaris was undoubtedly a species from the northern hemisphere. Krauss, in Die Siidafrikanis- chen Mollusken, p. 135, 1848, mentions Coronula balenaris, Lamk., from Table Bay, with a reference to Lamarck, Ann. du Mus., vol. i, p. 468, pl. 30, figs. 3-4, and says that “the largest examples have a diameter of 18 lines, and adhere only with their margin, but the little ones with the whole upper side in the black epidermis of the whale.’ Perhaps he is including two species under one name.
Gen. TUBICINELLA, Lamarck.
Tubicinella, Lamarck, Annales du Muséum National d’His- toire Naturelle, vol. i., p. 461. T., Darwin, The Balanide, Ray Soc., p. 430.
* TUBICINELLA STRIATA, Lamarck.
Tubreinella striata, Lamarck, Ann, du Muséum, p. 463.
Lepas trachealis, Shaw, Shaw and Nodder’s Naturalist’s Miscellany, vol. xvii., pl. 726.
Tubicinella balenarum, Lamk., Krauss, Die Siidafrikanischen Mollusken, p. 135.
Tubicinella trachealis, Darwin, The Balanide, Ray Soc., p. 431, pl. 17, figs. 3a—3e.
T. t., RK. Merloth, Trans. 8.A. Phil. Soe., vol. xi., pt. 1, p. 1.
“From a southern right whale (Balena australis), cap- tured in False Bay in 1898.
T. t., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 62, in Gilchrist’s Marine Investigations, vol. i.
Specimens (No. 38a) were sent me by Dr. Gilchrist, with the statement that they were obtained from a Right Whale taken in False Bay. Darwin records the species from the Cape of Good Hope. While confessedly breaking ‘the great law of priority’”” in favour of Shaw’s specific name trachealis, Darwin, as it seems to me, gives a very misleading account
574
1820.
1854.
1848.
1854.
1825. 1854.
Annals of the South African Musewm.
of Lamarck’s position, not giving any reference to the page and misquoting the words of Lamarck’s paper. The French author did not name the species “ Tubicinella major et minus as Darwin states. On page 463 he records Tubicinella (major) striata and Tubicinella (minor) striata, with the explanation that they are perhaps varieties one of the other, though he suspects that they are two species. It is clear that the parenthetical words major and minor were introduced only for the sake of distinguishing what he considered to be at least two varieties, and that he was unwilling to apply more than one specific name, while the specific distinctness was still doubtful. This modesty does not warrant our despoiling him of the one specific name which he did give, and of which Darwin makes no mention. The doubt expressed in The Balanidze as to the exact date of Shaw’s L. trachealis has been solved by Mr. Sherborn, who explains that the plates 685-708 in vol. xvii. of the Naturalist’s Miscellany were published in 1805, but plates 709-732 in 1806. For specimens crowded together on a whale harpooned in Table Bay, Krauss (doc. cit.) uses Lamarck’s later name for this species, but gives a refer- ence to Lamarck, Ann. du Mus., vol. i., p. 481, pl. 30, fig. 1.
Gren. CHTHAMALUS, Ranzani.
Chthamalus, Ranzani, Memorie di Storia Naturale, Deca prima, p. 27. Chthamalus, Darwin, The Balanide, Ray Soe., p. 447.
CHTHAMALUS DENTATUS, Krauss.
Chthamalus dentatus, Krauss, Die Sitidafrikanischen Mol- lusken, p. 135, pl. 6, fig. 27.
In Algoa Bay; frequent on the rocks.
C. d., Darwin, The Balanide, Ray Soc., p. 463, pl. 18, figs. 3a—3e.
Darwin observes that he has united two varieties consider- ably different in external aspect, but connected by inter- mediate forms. He says: ‘‘I have seen both varieties from Natal, and both from the west coast of Africa.”
Gen. OCTOMERIS, Sowerby.
Octomeris, G. B. Sowerby, Zoological Journal, vol. ii., p. 244. O., Darwin, The Balanide, Ray Soc., p. 482.
1854.
1905.
1909.
JOS:
1872. 1So%e
1883.
1883.
General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. 5)
OcTOMERIS ANGULOSA, Sowerby.
. Octomeris angulosa, Sowerby, Zoological Journal, vol. ii., p. 244,
pl. 12, figs. 1-11.
Sowerby says: ‘‘ We have given representations on our plate of the only species of this Genus, which we have lately received from the Cape of Good Hope, and named Octomeris angulosa”’ (p. 248).
O. a., Darwin, The Balanidew, Ray Soe., p. 483, pl. 20, figs 2a—20.
Darwin reports it from ‘“‘ Algoa Bay, Cape of Good Hope. Attached to littoral rocks; often associated with Balanus Capensis and Chthamalus dentatus.”
ACROTHORACICA.
Acrothoracica, Gruvel, Monographie des Cirrhipédes ou Thécostracés, p. 310.
A., Calman, Crustacea, pt. 7, fasc. 3, of Lankester’s Treatise
on Zoology, p. 140.
Famiry KOCHLORINIDA.
Kochlorinide, Calman, Crustacea, in Lankester’s Treatise, p. 140.
The three families here assigned to the Acrothoracica are the Alcippide, Kochlorinide, and Cryptophialide. But since the proccupied Alcippe gives way to Trypetesa, Norman, the family Alcippidze must be renamed Trypeteside.
Gen. KOCHLORINE, Noll.
Kochlorine, Noll, Berichte Senckenb. Ges., 1871-72, p. 24. K., Weltner, Arch. Naturg., vol. lxiii., pt. 1, p. 237.
KOCHLORINE BIHAMATA, Noll.
Kochlorine bihamata, Noll, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. vi., No. 147, p. 471. K. b., Hoek, Challenger Reports, vol. viil,, pt. 25, p. 6. Dr. Hoek gives Noll’s authority for the statement that this species inhabits cavities in a Halzotis shell from the Cape of Good Hope.
The classification of Crustacea here adopted, without laying any claim to finality or perfection, is based on considerations of general
convenience,
PAGE MALACOSTRACA ......... 283 IBRAGH YUBA Soa: seus uheneceeeces 283 Brachyura genuina ......... 283 Brachyura anomala ......... 341 WVIAC RGRAN Io. sad oe wae ossc eae as 349 Macrura anomala ............ 349 Macrura genuina ............ 366 DCHIZOPO DAL s. sage auest odes ce 395 STOMA TOPODA ssc ccaccieetin nese 404 SSIVINTPO DAG She ee teaser, Manoa 409 BORODAN as. ¥eecne seem tees eet 418 Isopoda, anomala ..........0 418 Isopoda, Genuine 2...c.66e.- 419 IAMEPEMIR ODA (saen.utecsteoaueta: 447
These principal sections and
It may be tabulated as follows :-—
ENTOMOSTRACA ......... 481 IBRANCHIOPODA\ | g.sceeaceeceese 481 Phyllopodar 625...-sscssccees 481 Cladocera, ss. ccceeec eee 489 OSPRARO DANS 5.5 52sarneeeemennee? 495 COPHPODA,! o:.ha5ces phen eeeeee 518 TAY RO SMR AC At ss eee 56: PHORACIG As vax xascne-cimae ance ae 563 \" Pedunenlstia, “aec.dcaeceee cece 563 Operetta -.deracseneeceseenre 567 | ACROTHORACICA .......s2000006 979
subsections are subdivided into
numerous tribes. Of these the two, Thysanopodacea and Mysidacea, comprised in the Schizopoda, are set apart by recent authorities, as
each possessing rank equivalent to that of the parent group.
In
the same way the Isopoda anomala or Apseudacea are sometimes withdrawn altogether from the Isopoda and given independent
rank.
INDEX OF NAMES,
those in italics being such as for one reason or another are not adopted tii
this Catalogue.
PAGE | PAGE abdominale (Plewromma) .......+2++ O30) || -AVERTAIUS ss ses. ccsesesceoreuess ceesces 525 abdominalis (Diaptomus) .......2.+5 GI) || e2OCIQVIS Socecoenoqoncouosoenuoocasboncobo 525 abdominalis (Pleuaromamma) ...... ay | RAW ANITICUTS: (anectoucneadec dock cose tGaB nO Tene 525 abyssalis (Heteroch@ta).........+.06+ Sei ||| eASi0 KUT: GooqsesdosndccuodcodDdoacdasodesd 525 abyssalis (Heterorhabdus) ......... DST Nl CACUAIUSE sca.ser co cc rere seca ese ornee 525 NCanuh ep lyTawec-ssesaccnsessencas soc s 304) | aren (Hunystheus)ecns-caesesccscserers 461 acanthocercoides (Leydigia) ......... 493>)\ ater |\(Memboides:...jnsaceueste 460, 563 Ncamthonychids s.ccccccsscee:ceecese 286) |, atumisi(Huch sata)! secsssece sects caeesse 528 ACUMULONT CHING earns aces veccccs sees 2SOM MG Ttsh (LAOCCA) rseseacecnenceceece ee: 433 FAICOMILNODUS soousecasteaccscatecesece sence. 324 | affinis (Leucothoe)...............s.0006 453 acanthopus (Dehaanius) ............ 287 | aftinis (Macrothrix) ............00-.0. 492 PNGHITLldioecncstoroscssctee seeeisseecsies sce 542 | affinis (Sesarma) ....-.....sseesceeees 321 JENCCEREVIE), ooaGnocondeaccoonoaccacagdsacnenceaC 569 | aftinis (Trichodactylus) ............ 295 INGE NOY ONE GopdoaacncsOnOOCe RACH COreEE PASI) || sayyti00S (OX@ianl oY), Roaocaececoosanseacoaces 297 NGHOLOUS|< sceceapanceceetesseeercstcsrses 301 | |sapna (GammManopsts) a cace-etesestesces 461 FACOMOPRONUSwectestiactae tecedceece esse Dal akricana) (Cariditaeerccsssssesoteescese B94 NCKOCAIAMUS Weenie ccessessscees tases ess 524 | africana (Iphinoé)).........0s¢..c..0<¢s 411 FACHOL NOTA CIC ASN saeeteneeeettee su ses =e 575 | africana (Leydigia) ..............000: 493 TACHEO DL cto wank asses seleaaas sicseiedacesiscssys 298 | africana (Macrocypris) ............... 503 TG IEUIG E2), Soe Bnc ben aout Tec LEe EERE aenCe 296 | africana (Talorchestia?) ............ 459 aculeata (Cypridopsis) ............... 499 | africana (Xestoleberis) ............... 505 aculeata (Cypris) ..........s.ess-eseee 499 | africanus (Crossophorus) ............ 518 aculeata (Lubbockia)................+ 556 | agassizi (Thysanopoda) ............ 396 aculeatus (Aigisthus) .............. 544 | agassizii (Thysanopoda) ............ 396 aculeatus (Armadillo) ..........0006 446 | agulhasensis (Merhippolyte)......... 591 aculeatus (Diploexochus) ............ 446 | albescens (Diploexochus) ............ 447 aculeatus (Paracalanus) ............ 523 | albolineatus (Grapsus) ............... 318 acuminata (Conchwcettd) ............ 509 | aldabre (Stenocypris) ............... 500 acuminata (Conchoscia)..............- 509 | algoense (Spheroma) ............0000++ 430 acuta (Huchseta)..........2..sssseeeene 528 , algoensis (Cymodocella) ............ 430 acuta; (labidocera)......2..-2+.2-0-0s+6 542: |i MAUI. So eae decseses saecconscasaceens este 407 ACMA (COMLCLUD) \eetsrcace snesiescsecsccc 542 | allotherium (Conchecia) ............ 509 acuticosta (Conchoecia)............+++ aM) #vlbosith | adap sonddcnBacooodtaseceacteacuss 494 acutifrons (Caprella) ..........s.sceees AGD5) || “Alomellas ee. cscsesccsctseceenea) | toctese 494 acutum (Labidocera) .........s.eeseeee By) || AMWorato) Osbtsscoccagosecodoansqeccssdoqocuoone 493 adheerens (Stenothoe) ............++ 45a | PAN pheid gece ses...s8a¢c-eccescsrateseoceae 388 admete (Cancen)..-c-cc.cc..e-ss-cosceee BXDS)! || Zw gOKENS) SocadsngnbodocosasGedanccsooucone 388 admete (Thalamita) ..............s0+6 Sx) |) dwamenayAli, Gcocconcnooonacoposonooaccaen 448 PAY RIEE ee eels chant wes seaion ne Soslonstonieaceict 422 | amblypostha (Concheecia)............ 514 agagropila (Cancer) ...c.cccecreeeeee 345 | ametra (Concheccia) .................. 514 egagropila (Dromid) .....6...ceeceeeee 345 | ametra (Stenocypris).................. 500 TE BYEROSN, sonpqaaanddaddadG000s000000DD0SG00C0 383i | PAmmorphopusteeemesscesneeceeceeetees 315 ZEB eA E Sispciane ab nU sO NCL IGOQOUE OCA ISB OCUCCOC AQ, | Ammpeliseain .sccneca-acsseessensestesesssines 450 AXigisthus...... 2demoace coad Soc capDoNONONOT SAS |) AMpeliscideoy eee. teccore secession ss 450 equilibra (Caprella) ....2......+.0.0 ANG{S) || dara olan 7oKetS) Geocagncscodosoeos secadoes 502
573
PAGE ATP hip Od Aianaseeaceecemeneerereeesente ee 447 ATMA pPLONOG\essenseeeeetereteeeece tetas 479 AMPITNO: sasouassaveeanceeenenecete 462 amphitrite (Balanus) ......... 310, 568 Hwan ONIONS). Ssacedoadonsocouaoconnodensbes 462 PN TaVAVONCED) eocencoosnenonoccoqssocHdeo 462 amplifrons (Cymodoce)............... 429 amplifrons (Exospheroma) ......... 429 AMA DAG ULUSHe emerercettes cecence neces 358 anatifera (Lepas) .............+- 320, 563 ANG Malina aeaseescnceseeceereamesoeeentecs 402 ANIC NEN ITANCES) 5°, omgocoG0Geeaseco00NndOS 402 ANCIIONUS ac ceasetneneceenenstese cen eneee 402 MAME NONCLUGN sensation stead Sessecaeecters 562 AIL CTULONICT UC Ciiuecareseenca-eeencnee 476 angulata (Goneplax) .................. 312 angulatus (Cancer) .........eseeeeeee 312 angulosa (Octomeris) 575 angusta (Niambia)..................... 442 angusta (Sapphirina).................. 552 IATL OCT A acer. veces se onete asec teense tiaee 423 AMUSODUS Wastes scenseacersnenersercnesae: 305 anisuropus (Byblis) ..............0... 451 anomala (Ampelisca) ............++8 450 anomala (Brachyura) .............. B41 anomala (I[sopoda) .............0+...++s 418 anomala (Macrura) ......-.....c0see« 349 anomalipes (‘Thaumastoplax) ...... 316 NMOWNO TOE, SeciccotosesdoscoodosoG0O0N 489 “AIO SUT OCU srestaneatenscnoserceateekecr ee 481 antarctica (Concheecia obtusata, \WEliss) ooptsasoponcooduecadcocenuaducD aoe Bee 510 antarcticus (Inachus).............+.... 284 NTITANGUULUS este sereeeeeeeroseeseeseeeese 434 PATAUINUTA case atoncs saa mataeioaee sates 419 AMG UTI) sess. ecetesseseseeeedeeosecase 419 / Mat nb ey baNeTy me aroccencacooadconeancosno. 287 NOTED «lessees desonstnsesoacesaesteseats 459 OTIC ols a5 sesiess eee on ste ssoneea eo eeer eee 459 AHI OSA ce. ceaesuesenteorensesescesees 443 ANOdId vs. Jscesmassaqvssseseescceeecees 484 INDOS'| seckcans. dosue teat eh oseenen tetera eee 484 ANTURTAIUKG ENCE ec sgonadododad. doo scndoeadaoae 419 ADSCUGES |. a2. no.eoccis sees sisteaconenee eae 419 APSCUGIED ao.e-sseaetescossscstesse cece 419 IADUS swlaceueseecsins seestoseoesseumoneeesius 484 arateay|(Cypris) ie. qsescnneseeeemeeseeee 496 arborean(Cypridina)) pe-caseseeessesecs 517 AT CAMILA aeescesccnensectene nececcseaters 337 AT CHICONCH CSC ameseesseresecere senate 515 arcticus ((Sergestes)) csscecesceeceese ee 381 arcuata (Ocypode) ........s.csceseeeeee 327 arcusta ((Wical) eer cscesseteoceeereccecees 32 Garcuatus (Gelasimus) ........seceeeeeee 327 arcuicornis (Calanus) ........0...00 524 arcuicornis (Clausocalanus)...... ie OE areolata (Chlorodopsis)............++ 300 areolatus (Chlorodius) .....0...+200+ 300 Armadillidiides) Sersscese-ceeseesencee: 444 AN TROQULON Wecntececectecisesesceeeeer eee 444 armata (Cypria)...........secscscceess 497 ALM ata) (SUM) yes ceeessecdewseesse esos 405
Index of Names.
PAGE ALMAL USN CANEATOAUS) memeeeneeenecaeee 525 PHONED) (ADRES) — cococoscecoodenno 525 armatus (Aetideus) .....2....0....0+- 526 armatus (AMtidius)).......-...1-0-+-c0-- 525 armatus (ANtidiUs) ............060..000 525 armatus (A@tidius)) <2... .2ccsesssesl-- 525 armatus (Pandarus) ...............+.. 558 armatus (Pseudocalanus) .........++ 525 armiger (Gaetanus) .........2....000 526 HANI OFELAVOA6 22) counponaooaeccnas A080 000500 543 AYPACtICIdea, ceac..cccesses.esscsecsse 542 ALLOSOTN (CANCE en mssecceeseeeccessier 350 BLTOSOT)| (Dama amis) vaeccsercessesses 350 BELOSOL (LASUUUS\N ceewaceeceeasestacees 350 ALLOSOL (PeMmochinis\ ene -sseecensscccce 350 artifictosa (Dromid) .......c.0+-...+0% 346 artificiosus (Concheecetes) ......... 346 ANSENGIKE OLDIES GoooncdcéonosoacqQe90068008 550 ASellOtan je ercccmeceesee te eeereeececesaces 435 COSVVGIP (BWA LRT) Sonooccooocco000958500¢ 292 aspera (Schizophrys) ...........+... 292 assimilis (Atyloides) .......2....0+++s 456 assimilis (Cypridopsis) ............4+ 499 assimilis (Pleuroxus)-..--.-...---0-6+ AQ4 JNSTEKENGIES) scoccs6 coo nobocoapooconba0ccetd 378 INSTAC1O Cbiae.csnesinesesceccsssoscrcceecess 378 PNK GSUNGIGE 2) cogonannooaonebobondD copIGacS 434 A SEOCUM Oioceasemenancecsessceasaisetesises 378 UNSUIEYOUES) Govoabpdooaeasououbadona000000000 378 Aisterocherid rs. -sccces-e acne ssestacset 557 USO RO HET (IC? oeeoqa00cen6000—n990500000 557 INRANGE KONBTE) Senecnonodadacoseqcacec’ 300, 310 ATOR OBIS: ccnecsc scare sceseoses ss eeceeits 296, PALA KHUN) conceooeens00qd0a9000000000006 389 atlantica (Concheecia) ............... 512 atlantica (Gammaropsis) .......0+.. 461 atlantica (Halocypris) ...........+... 512 atlantica (Nephropsis) ............... 379 atlanticus (Eurystheus) ............ 461 attenuatus (Calanus)..........ceeeeeee 521 attenuatus (Hucalanus) ............ 521 Attheyella 2c iccss«sensecsne-tescoreeenee 546 INGYIG 8 (gene ncnees seeneeceeecescceneactocs 393, FNAL SG ucsccosbocoosdosoncenquacne0dna 455 aubryi (Potamonautes)............+ 294 aulbrya (Lhelphisa)) saceseneececeeee 294 aubriya (help nsa) ances eeeesee cents 295 Punts?) Ny MILDES. Googodeacaoscacdooseocosbndco: 538 HEAR (COPORES) sonoucoosqesnscaanbseoc 498 aureus (Cyprinotus) .............c008 498 aurita (Conchoderma) ............++ 565 Ga (WEA WS) socccnoanedecocscedsos0c 565 gurite, (MW e1ewtia)\sreccesreses-teeeer 537 auritum (Conchoderma) ............ 565 australiensis (Daphnia) .......... 491 australiensis (Simocephalus) ...... 491 australiensis (Simosa) ......-.-++2+++ 491 australis! (CyziCus)/e.ce-cscseeaeonserese 487 australis (Idomene) ...........+++++ 545 australis (Lepas) .............0+--00+s 564 australis (Nyctiphanes)............... 399 australis ((Dirom)Beemeseesseseece caer 454
Index of Names.
austrina (Paramoera) 456 QUSUTENUS | (ACIUUS)) ase eoeeteseesceecees 456 austrinus (Heterorhabdus) ......... 538 ASK G 800 05 ssisascesacescanescscescesenesess 367 bahamensis (Cancer)...........-...-+- 351 bahamensis (Petrochirus)............ 351 IBQATAAG, vesiasesssestselssoosscssnaseosese 504 PB OUMAULGY Vos.ccoccosesoccdeceeeceetees 503 balenaris (Coronula).................. 572 balenarum (Tubicinella) ............ 573 Id;lkeradke se Gooogssdocodoset coo gpcbacn90G00 567 Balanusy eccesneee sndncgqoDnocboDSonD66000 567 bankstt (Ceratothod) ....s.cceeceveeees 425 bunksti (Cymothod) ......cee...eeeees 424 barbata (Homola) ..................06 347 barbata (Sesarma) ....ss.cseveceeeeeeee 318 barbatus (Cancer) .....202-....0.--0e00 347 barbatus (Gnathochasmus) ......... 318 parroisin(Chydorus)) e.c-.-2.+-205- 493 DAELOISIs (LLCUTOLUS) | eo oeeciecseseeesse= 493 batet (Acanthephyra)..............0606 395 Bath y Pye Ch re sccecessee-sclccse cso see 436 bathyplous (Camacho) ............... 463 beaumontii (Pentacheles) ............ 377 beaumontii (Polycheles ?)............ 377 pelilan (Moma) sesccescesscasscesseseesess 492 lonre@reauts (IDOE) concdeacoacecencacOSe 344 bicornis (Dromidia ?) ............... 343 pvdlenss (Alling) eeececcesteceeece scene 408 bidentatus (Phyllopus) ............... 538 bihamata (Kochlorine) ............... 575 bipinnata (Candace) ...............00. 539 bipinnata (Candacia).................. 539 bispinosa (Concheecia) .............+. 511 bisulcatus (Sergestes) ............... 381 TRIRISIICRS Gooasssenoondooneepogaaseacundc6D 288 BOG OLTI Gi scsosonsscssss specs scars seses. 410 IBXOCIO AUIS: cpoadcccdcseeadoeb ees OCOOCH OF 409 boopis (Cyamus) ................0000« 473 IB Op Yl pecas tresses ss isesccclsceeesises 436 boscii (Cleistostoma) .......ccceeeeeees 329 oxO}OUT (UDR) —Geecbsecossaebosedoodebe 329 boscii (Macrophthalmus) ............ 329 botte (Orchestia) ..........0..c0sseees 458 bouvieri (Parapagurus), n. sp.,
IPL, 21} Soonpeeeoodbsepaentadsdeacdboodoe 357 brachiata (Calanopia) ...........60.. 533 brachiata (Pontella) ............0..- 533 brachiatus (Centropages) ............ 533 brachyascos (Concheecia) ........... 509 brachyaskos (Concheecia)............ 509 Brachyscelus) sssccse.e-cesccecceseserees 479 Brachyuraanomalay .secsc-ccccesorsce 341 Brachyura genuina .................. 283 bradyana (Lucicutia) ............... 537 Branchiopod aisscseceeasmccmeessssseeeee 481 Branchipodid ce see-weescceesesee cee 482 BranchipoOdopsis, —...s...2.s.-ssse+<0es 483 brasiliensis (Ericthonius)............ 463 brasiliensis (Pyctilus) .............5 463 braunsi (Phylloniscus) ............... 438
brevicauda (Metridia) .............. 535 brevicollis (Caprella) ........ssseeeeeee 470 brevicornis (Ampelisca) .........++- 450 brevicornis (Araneops) .........+0000 450 brevicornis (Calanus) ...........+++ 520 brevipes (Iphinoé) ...............eeeeee 410 brevirostris (Diogenes) ............... 354 BIRO RAS eas cnaodesoaanconcecnoon 06 aOcbOONONC 531 brunnea, (Niambia)) <2ss-ses--sc-+ere 441 bruzeliig (Meera) 2... sssorssece ee eess se 457 burgert (Palinarts), <...2.2<.-...-20-: 374 burgeri ((Pamulirus))s..-.c.-.c.s-a.--- 374 153,710) IS Soap adcncarencceoncpeEnocodeaecdaocc 451 csruleus (Penmus):.....0:.0...<ce+-es. 380 @eSarOMYSis *scsasecconccensiescsacews 403 Cater (Brancnipus)\esccss-secceasasce=s 482 cafer (Streptocephalus)..............+ 482 caffer (Streptocephalus) ............ 482 Calamorhynchus) ~scccsresce-s-cceese 480 (CEnlby andy aosoncocdacoroneoconabosedocodcor 519 @alamide@a, ~eccectess-seeseesaceennrees 519 @allamus! eooscce-ceeeceseeoscacsce senses 519 Gailappancentcaccnseuet se coseese cease ases 333 Walappid sel aecwesisccesecseceec dscns ess 333 (CEE TRVODIS /aeanoecandodcucosaossoonccosee 367 calearata (Gnathophausia) ......... 402 calceolus (Balanus) 568 CaleimuUsy is. cesses ceaceere econ ease 353 Cailigtdse sarc cosocecte reese thoes 558 Caligidegiecsc.ssscccscceesce meee: 557, 561 CQUMGOING rnc 5s eccacesisessec neces ste 557 C@aligis! rizc-celei weceeseeaascraeeaccs 558 @ailligictitesiescceteseteecoeeer estore 369 (Op INBIENSH A sedeanadonagacebascsacaeKobo00Nc 370 Cailliamassa ss. .secccsseeeceese sass: 369 Callliamassid eynsccceesecssescesseces 369 Calllichinusiteseterceteassrer ameter 369 calmani (Dic), n. sp., Pls. 4638, 47 416 | ‘Calocalamus® Peo. ..cscee scence -coccnes 524 Calyplomeragnonensescsocsessease tose 489 @amachopecratcedepercescsteceeeesans 463 canaliculata (Processa)............... 387 CanCriderss.csscesctenssoeess sce 310 (Ofrh AYE KO Ey noneeocadscacesas055n0500000U0O 539 COMAGCd CE rrecscorseaerccc sso sseccs 539 @andacitd so eiience sec snc sree eciecees 539 Camdonocyprisirerccesssce-eeseeeeeees 501 candonoides (Candonocypris) ...... 501 candonoides (Cypris) ...........200« 501 canthari (Anchorella) ..........00008 562 canthari (Lerneomyzon) ............ 562 Canthocampideersc.--.-c0--2- sete t ss 546 Ganthocamplinc weecdsaeeesceseaeeee 546 Canthocamptid es. s-casese-- 0 hese 546 Ganthocampwin@ “sccccccevesseesseeees 546 capensis) (Amilocra)) 2o..s.--..-c+ees=* 424 Capensisn(Alstaicus)feaceccsccccementeeerce 378 capensis (Balanus)..............-sseee« 568 capensis (Crangon) ...........+.....- 382 capensis: Cyprial) 2s2...scc-ssn-ssse~es 497 capensis (Cypridina)............ 516, 517
580 Index of Names.
PAGE | PAGE capensis (Cyprinotus) .............5. 4987 || chabrus) (Cancer) eennseceaerssesessse 322 CH ovevokssls} ((ChyBAlS)) Groceoceconncaccaseee 497 | chabrus (Plagusia),..............0+.-.-- 322 capensis (Diaptomus) ............... Gal || Chienostomay ..cctccsnesceesasoasean 329 (CEN ovOVSHNS) (ERATE) enecercoo uncon oetoonoooe BO OhanyodiSumeceecsssdsesesceeccasceceeee 306 Capensis (Homarus) ..........2.00.00e S09) |) Cheiriphotis, acaccnsc-seevecsosccassess 461 capensis (Iphimedia) ..........0..00008 455 | chetrura (Candacia) ...............s«« 540 capensis (Leander) .....0.0...00200« B86. || Cheltara,. .<.nccensevecssoscesseoseseeee 463 capensis (Leptomysis) ............... AQ4 || ‘Cheluride) <.s.censcsecuassesevossoresene 463 capensis (Lysiosquilla)......... 406, 409 | chevreuxi (Elasmopoides)............ 458 capensis (Metoponorthus) ............ 441 | chierchiz (Centropages) ............ 533 capensis (Neolithodes) .............0 349 | chierchie (Huconcheecia) ............ 515 capensis (Niambia) ...............00 441 | chierchie (Pyrocypris) .............+- 518 capensis (Orchestia) ..............0666 458 | chiltoni (Ampelisca) ...............0+¢ 451 capensis (Placusiasssessdessesceesaneees 322 | chiragra (Gonodactylus) ............ 406 capensis (Pontogeneia) ............... 455 | chiragra (Squwilla) ..........00...eceee 406 capensis (Simocephalus) .........06 491 | chiragrus (Gonodactylus) .........+++ 406 Capensis (Sim0sa) .......esceesseeeeens ADI “CHICAS, os eenoeaceuecsienetneneeeesn aes 526 capensis (Spheeronella)............... 562) |e Chinundindlcrecacccesteescedecrteseatns 527 Camensis) (UvlOs)sccqesecesssseeearccees 439 | chirura (Candacia) ....... ABER COREES 540 capensis (Upogebia) ...........0...00. SHON i Chiloridelllas csc.casencetecsasneseeenescecs 405 capensis (Xestoleberis) ............... DOD Chlorod Opsisheccs-sesserescascseestetees 300 Corelle, cas acceurassmacsecksconss st yey: 465 | chlorophthalmus (Gelasimus) ...... 327 Pareles v..seecacasesisostecesteasiwass 464 | chlorophthalmus (Uca)..............+ 327 CORO RAUMIGIID cop Ssabbocoaddecosouassonaccar AGL Ghlorotocusrssescc de eseseccinetecee ese 393 GCaiprelling io. cn. Jsacnossscese ss ouaneb ae 470 | Chondracanthidee ..............:+000++ 560 CUPTelUnONsis» mana eeeeecceseteeeee ee ATOM IMG ontostOmatid@enceas dessa eases 562 caputmortuum (Cancer) ............ 344 >| @hithamailus: ccyscccesese-oeeaeteoaer: 574 caputmortuum (Cryptodromia?)... 344 | chuni (Concheecia) .............eeeee 515 caputmortuum (Dromid) ........066 345) | (Chiydorid se) crersesaceccecsieeeeseltececiecs 492 caputmortuum (Pagurus).......06... BEE WN AChiydoxussesensceccsseccserecccemtedstess 493 Carcimaispisigares-ecceedesteasecseeeesens 338. | cicur (Caprella) .2.cc<scnagsencsametees 466 Carcinoplaciday escseesssese-cees eet S112), Cinusal sescescccteesengeeneanseontce onscaes 425 Wancinoplaxccsasscocccsecessseeeeeee Bills! |Cirolanay causes seereeesecseeeeseseseseee 421 CURALOSOMOmasmewacsese asec eneeteatee B25) | OznOlantda, yeesscsceasicwcisseiasaesesse 421 @amdi SOM as cecaseteek cas vsies senate sedans a2) (Cladocera = s..ce-nsmacsreeacemoneaecs 489 Wan den, ar.sscneherncawespdecustasaes Bist | CllatelarctayneF connosoneccccnaogacooceoncd0E 507 Geen 955.4 scat seme snsupgneeaeeeeen 393 | clathratula (Alonella) ..............- 494 cofnraunitsy e((OGK RAR) Sobessccooudesspoouec 325 | clausi (Cytherura) .........-...00s.cs- 506 carnifex (Cardisoma)..............000 325 | claust (Lucicutia) ...........csceeeeeee 537 Castanea: (Cypriai)) .cscscerecss ccc. sees 497 | clausii (Conchecia) ..........ss+0+0. 511 castanea (Cypridina) ................. 516 | clausii (Halocypris) ...........0.0+s+. 511 cataphractus (Aigeon) .............. 383 | clausii (Leuckartia) .........00....++ 536 cataphractus (Cancer) ............... 383 | clausii (Lucicutia) ................000+¢ 536 catendéa (SesarMa) .............0000 322 | clausii (Microconchwcia) ........+--- 511 catenatum (Sesarma) ............... 322 | Clausocalanus...........0......scsese-e+ 524 eatenula (Anthura) ................08 420 | clavimana (Ocypode) .....+..e.eeeeeees 324 @atOMetO ss cesses sacs a cacuaenaseeeene 312 | clavimana (Plagusid) ............00 324 eamlal(Gandace)) sescccoqsseecewesee 540 | clavimanus (Acanthopus) .........+. 324 catula (Candacia) ..........0....s0000 540 || Cleistostoma ............eccseserscones 328 caudata (Cypridina) ...............60 BS) (CUREIOMOTIG! eoeeconconotescoonjondecose06 328 WeCrO pss | ss chase sees sade eeesece nce HOS) le Clibanarise aessecascceececslencde cere 352 Centropages: seascscsossncee sence 533 | clibanarius (Cancer) ....2.....0...9== 352 CONCTOPO GEE 2. <.cves.. aasioaasestageseen 530 | clibanarius (Clibanarius) ..........-. 352 cephalodisci (Zanclopus) ...........- 550 | clibanarius (Pagurus) ....s.seeeeseee 352 cephalotes (Nerocila)................0 423 | clypeatus (Planes) ........cece-seeeeeee 320 @eradOCus) Kivcssescccch es cenceeeseewaene 456 | coerulea (Trapezia)....... Jecoqconig0006 304 Ceratophtalma (Ocypode) ............ 326 | coleoptrata (Dinematura) ......+0++6 559 ceratophthalma (Ocypode) ........ . 326 | coleoptrata (Dinemourd) ........+..- 559 ceratophthalmus (Cancer) ......... 326 | coleoptratus (Echthrogaleus) ...... 559 ceratophthalmus (Ocypode) ......... 326 | colletti (Alonopsis)...............+++ees 494 CETOlOthoG weaneonn.nscawsadeessensesh: 424 | communis (Calanus) .........++0++0+0 520 Cerigdaphwnia, .....secascnsesveacespesace 490 | compressipes (Atergatis)........+...+6+ 296
Ee
Index of Names.
PAGE Wome aiceceseccints.teccmeceseneaccemeeees 556 Conch oder ait cnss.rceccescoseeseeeaes 565 WoOMCHOCOLES.. ccs sus essiomesevinssnianioee 346 Wont Osclaigawesacoonteneeocsseeereeee 508 Conchophivlllairarcec.sscse eeeeeereteer ee 485 Conchos trace <0. eacceeeusereece sores 485 Comifera: (ONCwa) <2... eeevesoeee-ces 555 Comilorpheus®...0s:.c-e<croseeeee eeeeee 422 consanguinea (Liljeborgia) ......... 454 consobrinus (Acanthony@) ........00++ 288 Copepod aise ace scccscencsomosatmneenene 518 Con) (Dichelaspis) ..<s....ecvecsseonw nn 565 Cori(Octolasmis)c.sceceeseseeeceeneees 565 cordimana (Ocypode)..............600+ 326 Connudo (Cancen)) ececcccewene-- sess: 291 cornuta (Laophonte) ...............0+ 546 COTNULA ((RETtCENG)) sranioaaewewlese es 291 Cornutus (Calanus).........ceececeseeee 523 cornutus (Rhincalanus)............++ 523 cornutus (Rhinocalanus) .....0...05 523 Coronullatrerencecassscecoesesorissessels 571 Coro phi dae sockmccorssestesieseicej-ee es 462 corpulenta (Cypris) -........rsesieen 496 (Coin (CH STH IS oa canbocnaacnacooapasengasenc5o0 553 CORY COTE ce secre saseweineniassiecesesiser 551 @orystidesy Areckcjac.\secconsnaneenaan sees Bilal Costatus (Diogenes)! ceccc.scescnenese 355 CLAN GON, 4 sancmcesectmaanastineesacoe weekins 382 G@rang oni dion o.oseceo-cebeerce rere: 382 crassicornis (Cyclops) ............... 547 crassimanus (Achelous)..............- 308 crassimanus (Alpheus) ............... 389 crassipes (Iphinoé) Pl, 45............ 412 crassus (Hucalanus) .........0.0...+0 522 craticula (Cythere) .............0.-++0+. 505 crenatan ((lhalamitaltencescenccceseos 309 Crenatus (Balanus)\jccme. ces. .ssewes 569 eristimana ((MUrsia) ssceceeneeeeesee os 334 cristimanus (Mursia) .............s00+ 334 crossophori (Cyproniscus) 437, 518 Crossophonusmesceenecsercecssse cece 518 GEUCIBHUS) (CANCE) iceman ceeneslers ens 306 cruciatus (Charybdis) .............06 306 cryptodactylus (Hyperoche) ......... 476 CrYVMLOMLOMAIA seccco see aessccsinecccioee 344 CryplopomitUse.s...ececeseeress neces 557 WHORL ESSA oats rictsteetnisnieleeleiojsiesieiewntnwielcior's 424 ctenophora (Concheecia) ............ 512 (Cimon 2) -scbconcosesaoousccosessoonesonnG 444 (GUIWOTIS SeancdanaronocaeceoooDoaecoGodGoK 445 cucullata (Archiconcheecia) ......... 516 cucullata (Conchwcissd).........s0e00 516 CUA Oa sacnneses scscissciose eere.iosetee se: 409 CUMACCE, Vaasa sactrernsstuce seen toe eiae essere 409 cuneatus (Cypricercus) .........-..++. 500 Cupheeus (Cancer) <--nsssseecseeeee eee 336 cupheeus (Persephona) ...........+06. 336 cuspidata (Amphipronoé) ............ 479 Gunso ((CChOCAP) SoocoseocanccepncocoD00d 326 cursor (Ceratophthalma) ........0++ 326 Gursors(Ocypoda)), wovssecescaseeeseests 326 GUESOK\ (OGY POde)) coc. mese-tacleeceed see 326
Curia (CaANAACE) ....500000..0002c0es00ee curta (Candacia) curta (Concheecia) ( (
Peewee towne eee eee
curta (Pontella) curta (Pontellina) curta (Pontellopsis) Cyamidee Cyamidea Cyamus
Gy claspis inn caccomseaceceressemenceaneaese Wy ClocyPrisassaweesweseccnereeee secre: Cyclograpsus Gycloiduta Vern. c..c.cesereseeseose eee Cyclometopa Cyclopidee Cyclopidea Cyclops GUY ClUTOT cc. cecwedecsesescese Seen ances Cylindroleberis Cymodocey earscdcracseecosstose nee ee cymodoce (Cancer)
ceymodoce (Trapezia) Cymodocella Cymothoidee Cyphocaris Cypretta GY PTA soe ewcweoee ats ovscewemwestrcoceeeees CY; PVIUCEKCUSierasirertr ieee iiesierteire oareaiateee Cyprididee C@ypridimay Mouceces-weceecen eee reece Cypridinade C@ypridimid ce wescsces.castereeeeecreceee Oy Pridopsisicesaeecs-tcecdeoeweceserneese Cy/PLINOGUS fecmwicsentectsrtcceemenee asec (Oh tals MeconacconecocccadoGoaced oadessoeacac Cyproniscidee Cyproniscus G@yStiSOMA We sesestsciosseceneeee ae ceeee Cystisomatidee @ytherelpncaciscreccorseeeeeseeeeeeceetes Gytherellayrncusscnatercratoceeeeeereees Cytherellidee @ytherideey eeacosewsecenseeetcee ses cytheropteroides (Cythere) Cytherura Cyzicidee Cyzicus
See iy Se es Ce ee ay Ce a ras
Se ee ray
CO nr ry etter we ween ees e cere nteeees See ee ey
Co ee ee ee ee er re ey ee cer ry
Bette meee e were see See eee wee w ener wae ee ee ne is CO er rr ry ee eee ee rr
CO rrr ry
Peete meee meee esse neers ceeeee
ee eee eee
ee erry
ee rr
ee eee erry
Cn re ra
ry Ce er rrr
CO i er es
Peete eee e ene
dactylops (Katerythrops) danse (Acartia) damsel (Cory cus) ic-ceswsescessceres danse (Scolecithrix) danse (Undina) Daphnia ssacceesseareececisswesoeeteesecs Daphnide 1D Jy 0) ah abe 3) een dee cennncanocednancoobesces daphnoides (Concheecia)
daphnoides (Conchwcilla) WD) Ci LTS aces cee erie eeneececseceeesees darwin, (Calanus)\aeccsseesesesecesers darwini (Coronula) nom.nov. ...... darwinii (Calanus)
Ce er ic ry
Ce
eee eee erry
Co ne rr?
ee rr
582 Index of Names.
PAGE
Glvayabauin (OW) sageccacoocRdeancasoc 520 dehaanii (Porcellana) ............... 361 dehaanit (XANtho)\ rence se sancioeeaee 299 Dehaanius? cussecccseeesssneceseccknses 287 dentatus (Acanthony2) ...........6.. 287 cokers (CHC) caoooseconedacaeso0es 298 dentatus (Chthamalus)............... 574 dentate (HtiSUs)) (aces<ccesmescecesce 298 dentatus (Grapsillus) ........eeceee 304 dentatus (Dehaanius) ............... 287 denticis (Anchorella)..........s.cee0e 562 denticis (Lerneomyzon) ............ 562 depressa (Plagusia) <2... ...6.ess0 323 depressa (Thelphusd).....ssceceeceveee 294 depressus (Potamonautes) ......... 294 ID Et otoancsncdonodoccoousconaaesecancooseer 444 IDQeVoN ots Fe}; cng eondndasnnosecoecoBoonndoE. 444 diacantha (NAx1G).....00.+0+ 000.0000 285 diacanthus (Halimus) ............... 285 diadema (Coronula) ...........ss000e 571 diadema (Lepas) ......sse.sssseeeeees 571 Digiptomiid so) teonscse ste eesescescinacies 530 Dia PLOMUS ecctemeeseeeeleessteeesiler eases 531 IDKEIAINCES coseacaasonobcabooadooaccsu0eG 418 ast gtecsesscasecscssecssconesectere as 418 Diss hYVLOPSiSsssecmecerstsedtcceaseeseeera 415 IDI aascccboode doonenbanGcoubasspobeduex0er 415 TOGO PAENS DUS. cogannooo0ac6a55Ds060000000000 565 ID OIG) cendonecoqsonaonoaccosnases500000000 415 dilatata (Ligia) ..........s..s0.sseceres 437 Gilatata (LYgid) .......ceeesssssoeeseeee 437 dimorphus (Hwpagurus) .........0ee 356 dimorphus (Parapagurus) ......... 356 IDIORENES|.<c.cnasciersesceesescesesosiscsaes 353 iogenes (CANCE) ...+.-.c..eeeeeeeees. 355 DiploOeKOGHUS\...sc-escsesenessne sens 445 IOYFOHOKAROES cpeconcansoone0s28000500005000 342 discaudata (Temora)............626... 534 disjunctipes (Nasinatalis) n. sp.
Tbe ee eascenndacnccooaseocnsscacadaeca 340 GISPOTIIAPUS) eens ceceseceeesteseerees 485 dispar (Macrocypris) ..............060 503 dispersa (Galathea) .............00... 364 GUSTIN CLA (LAOCED) | Meceaneceecee-ceincrer= 433 JDP UO TFORS onacdenc6990949000000000000000000 477 dolichocephala (Daphnia)............ 490 dolichodactylus (Macrobrachium) 385 dolichodactylus (Palemon) ......... 385 dolichodactylus (Parapalemon) ... 385 IDYorADVOS: cogoosoovocogosogsogasucaccos0NC 339 Donippid ay eecceecsresmerasccscsssecaaace 339 Gormilan(CAncen)\sccncsmecccenesasecere 342 dormig; (roma) s.se-css<esecenee eee 342 dorsoserrata (Cypridina) ............ 517 Dorynehusmecceccteaseseensessceseesansae 285 Dot amensesceeseseeseeceereecee seca. 329 | DOO eesatenonesseaseocoee ee teceeseesse st 329 dregei (Streptocephalus) ............ 483 dromedaria (Cytherella) ............ 506 ID}eraewR} GoocomonocconsesueocoCeCndDssO0N 342 IDSROVeeUEKEE, GoososodocoscooCoNonqsauRGaC 341 JOR PUEKAH, soonnenooqgqccuesnoo0oKq0nG008 342
PAGE Drom diigeeccssuteeseeeseesceeeeetsccen 342 DrOMii ds. wseccncccacecedsucslecstsees 342 dubia (Liljeborgia)................0+++- 454 AUDIUS (HUSiTUS)....0.00000---2eoeceeee 454 dumerilii (Acherusia) .........0.0+++ 423 dumerilii (Rocinela) .................. 423 dumerilii (Spheeroma) .«............ 432 duvaucelit (Ericthus).............0.++. 408 duvaucellii (Hrichtus) ............... 408 duvaucellii (Lysierichthus) ......... 408 DyNOMeCNe Moncendcecees sence 346 Dymomient dee) Seeseescs-2essness\secteneees 346 DY SPONTA ED) vowecinssceissnssscssceseees 557 IDA aiinncacasoctaccosescsaceoatrcdeees 337 echinata (Cypridopsis) ............++ 499 echinata (Deto) .............0ceseeceees 444 echinulata (Concheecia) ............ 511 echinulata (Microcondecia clausit Weta) ecoagcospapoqdonasooabecaouGodosCoG 511 Nichthro ga leus eesseseccrsecedeeatecee 559 IGLOCY.ClOPSoscsecseseeeesecaeecosecsees 548 edwardsii (Alpheus) .............. Faces) SOOO edwardsii (Athandsus) .......0eeeeee 389 edwardsii (Cleistostoma) ............ 328 edwardsii (Cleistotomd).........+s0++- 328 edwardstt ([doted) ......2.0...2seeee0 433 egagropila (DrOMid) ......sceeeeeeeees 345 EE GEON: devmentsscuicsecseocesinsscaessieeenes 383 Janke TeKEyNEY, A eqHoaodooodeqc0Hdn6080600000000 332 HA SMIO POL eShescersescecsseseaceemetiec. 458 Bilasm Opus’... cccesssinsisssseesesseseleciese 457 elegans) (Caleinns)\eeseecca-ne-erces er 353 elegans (Conchecia) .................. 509 elegans (Latreillia)..................00 347 elegans (Marestia) <...-0...--.0:-0-+s0e 348 elegans (Pacis). .-eeenerecertees 353 elisabethe (Scyllarides) ............ 372 elisabethee (Scyllarus) .......0.2eeee 372 elizabethse (CyZicus) ..............0... 487 elizabethse (Histheria).........s.s0+0-: 487 elongatus (Acontiophorus) ......++ 557 elongatus (Calanus) .......0....see00 521 elongatus (Eucalanus) .............+. 521 elongatus (Scottocheres) ............ 557 emarginata (Thelphusa) ....0....+4 295 IBOOEVANI, sogeconooauasades wodosaRcanDDHOOS 366 CMETULA (E1tPPA) .ccc.cssscvseceesenseree 366 emerita (Pontella) ..........0.0sec0eeee 542 emerita (Pontellina) ..........s.eee00 542 emerita (Pontellopsis) ...........066+ 542 emeritus (AStACUS).......0.s.eeceeeeee 366 emeritus (CANCE) .....0...2ceccresesee 366 emeritus (Emerita) ............ aeeeis 366 Emeritus (Hippa) cetcocs-eeesecs=s 366 ensifera (Hippolyte) ...............+++ 390 ensiferus (Hippolyte) ...........0...006 390 EENtOMOStLVACA......... eee eeeceeceeeeeeee 481 VOGUE) eee nce aces aseonsecseseseesscrcess 414 IDV oVMRATEY Gaooooso ccs co9ODDBodeobonoDOCeC 288 IDOLE, CopeqanboojooodesenucodenDa0ar 436
episphena (Cypricercus) ......-++++ 501
Index of Names.
PAGE HIRAI eeon eases: see et ocmcuees sees BOL equilibra (Caprella) .................. 466 ABV CING INS a etoen acces vaan ence ceaacarece 4038 IBIGIGHNOMIUS! Feesaeceseseesn sce eeeeere 463 JOVEN OIOUE, aananee scene manne enMBEE! nae 302 erraticus (Cyamus)) ....2.-.sescss0.- 472 LTA OLAN EY | Aeananmeeeescoa eeredeascrticos 377 ley ROTMNG (ELBE BeBrennoaeccanseseucoadaonIAbe 377 J SSSULOGIRTER opp endeadoaticemendoscscoasaensoon 487 EBISEIVETULG Gs wactsncteucenasnecteee neces tees 486 LSI) aooedgasoascuaescucaceaderencssdece 298 iru belid so wiaeecnesenean-csscoseccteie cates 443 1 Djollee) kbianeyspcosnqoosccecebendscorsacnones 443 IDRCRIENGIES scoccooannontno nce oogbocos0Er 521 in chise tatacecassenseinaciscci-anaens sseceises 528 Richie llaieaessce.oseosse eee see cece 527 ID wl oyANG) aVozXer1s) paoneacosacososcun enor eo0eG 515 OMA) erences cosets set eee oe 346 eulimene (Sesarma) ................- 322 IUPAGUNUS ise cesses scceascecceesancecees 358 IDEN ESA. GeconocnodoodeeodoonorcBcoe 384 PMA SB ee sassesewae sek se snewcesenes 396 JEN OPO RIGOR conpodconenscqoboononAdeoLe 395 JE POUSHIGE gockbecascooacebapeeocenne 396 PUP LAK Wiasntcoe wweacieactscalecess ae oreees 329 RUG YCANCIMUS aoasecso-seserecesiiecsss 302 UY GyPLISleceeisssieseeseereeree sites 496, 497 BUY ICO rec sceccececscesccctetsinewecsss 421 IBID AG ONG Esise6 sedosecanoaceas aaneeeacces 421 NUTY NOMEN sc secassasscieacceecsteceetere 289 INU SUN CUS s. seriencecterasscsteces esses 460 IDI 8) AUCs eegeageconccoscHoodesobenecG 477 ENUM MUS peerseeeeaereeeenaeectorice coes 297 excavata (Harpinia) ...2.......c0.000e 452 Exilisy(Giythene)wayeeseeecesecenre sce +s 504 IBpaOYeNHO}MANGLIEY GondadonoaadanboonBedgoees 344 HOSP MPSLOM An essaceacssecceee cscs +s es 6 428 exspinosa (Daphnia)..............0.5. 491 exspinosa (Simosa) ..............000¢ 491 exspinosus (Monoculis)............068 491 exspinosus (Simocephalus) .......+5 491 extricatus (Diogenes), nom. nov. 355 ialeatus) (ROAOCETUS)|<...2c<c.coces 20s 462 falerkerl((BrOLEAS)) Wencceacecos+ sense a 532 falcifer (Paradiaptomus) ............ 532 falcifer (Stenorynchus) .......00...006 284 jfalerfena (OveEnttla)) -.....-.c-0+-+0.0s 532 falcifera (Macropodia) ............... 284 fail Sam(Caprell a) accssc-cnesseesscceoes 467 Piasciculanis (CANCE) .s.cesccccese sees: 321 fascicularis (epas) ..............00 564 PASCICULAnIS| 27S) meceeeeececcmeeeccaes 288 fenestrata (Dotilla) .................. 329 ferruginea (Trapezia) ........-...06 304 fimbriatus (Cyclops) ...............0+ 547 finmarchicus (Calanus)............... 519 finmarchicus (Monoculus)............ 519 imesrelarerelal, (OR PAREN) comcoo Gosesodaouc 459 fischerii (Orchestoidea)............... 459 flabellicostata (Cythere) ............ 504 Jak oye bib Webe2), Godonacogoooudosaoa0oq00000eKe 419
|
| Galathea
flammea (Calappa)............s.eseees. FLED TAUS | ((CLUKEAR), condo ededooessobacor Have (POntOCYPLIS) ss... -escaceeemees es flavescens (Armadillo) flavescents\(Cibanrus)) sessccceeeceseeee flavescens (Diploexochus)............ flavicornis (Leuckartia)............... flavicornis (Lucicutia) flavipes (Goniopsis) Jfloridus (Atergatis) .....-...-.0.esssae0s fluviatilis (Cirolana) .................. forcipatus (Tetrathyrus) ............ formicarum (Diploexochus) fragilis (Xanthocalanus) frontalis (Epixanthus) frontalis (Hudromia) frontalis (Ozius) fuleens) (Oniscis))...cssesses-es cose fulgens (Sapphizvina)
JSurcata (Catopia) furcata (Stenocionops) OTE NADIE ((OHMAAA). Gondnacoondorosaco0d: furcatus (Centropages) ............++ furcatus (Clausocalanus) furcatus (Drepanopus) huncirers(COnyCeUs) |i jenessseesses nese furcillatus (Lispognathus)....cc...e0 fusca (Ampelisca)
Sette eee eee eee
teem e tear wee eeeee
Co i iy
nee eee e ee en eens eee eee ween eee eee
ee ewww eens
ee ry
eee ree neerrcccccce.. sovresece ee ee ee ee rs
gamianus (Paguristes) ............... gamianus (Pagurus) Gammaridze Gammaridea
DON OODOOOUOCIOOOOOC i rr ee eee eee renee tere eeeeae Se ee ee ed
eee ee ence eee tere renee
GaStrOsaccin@ pecscteeseeenaceeeeett eters gaussi (PONtOGYpris)\-a.ssss-s2se-25ee (CHAD KO NSOS ocnnasnacsososcasadnnoenaoacesobe Gecarcinidee GeCANCINUSH iwccssscsseceececeseceeseess gemma, (Sapphirina).................. genuina (Brachyura)................+ SCenuinas(Usopoda)|eresescecconcceeecses genuina (Macrura)..............eceeees GeOCOMCINIT eM ccsescesescnceecsestedses GEOCONCUNUSIceecwevecetcesertes steers geometricum (Hymenosoma) (Erie WUE) conaocoonnoqscaspenasB00ns0esR0000" Gery OM cn: canijestassecesieaaseisesseceesiaae gibber (Acrocalanus) ............sss00 gibsoni (Chydorus)................4. = eallyssorant (Caellayas)) | cococossgaanenancooac giesbrechti (Aethidius) ............... giesbrechti (Aitidius).............00. gigas (Exosphxeroma) gilchristi (Palinurus) ..............0.0. glaberrima (Tetralia)..............0006
Seem e eect tence towne eseeeee
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584
glaberrima (Trapezia) .............4 glaberrimus (CANCE) ....00......08e eee glabra (Alona)
lieu (WUIKETE) soocaocascansasoosascned glabratay (Ib 91d)sa.-ceeees ses eescneeeee Gillaucoth oe ee csscne-c cess snareteee globosa (Halocypria) globosa (Halocypris) .................. globularis (Gunenotophorus) globuloides (Proteocypris ?) gloriosus (Sergestes) Glyphocrangonyeescsieseees-o-eeseeeeee Glyphocrangonide..................++ Gilly ptidOteai ccc. seccccse ese soteosuce cones Gmnathophausial = -ce.-cscercssceerseciee gonagra (Kriphia) Goneplacidest iin. cccen--ceseeecorseecree Goneplaxicy.veocelccrsecs sssenesceestanete Goniograpsus Gonodactvlus t.c-ccs-esstecetssceeene: gracile (Plewromma) PLA CIES! (IG1a)) eeccesee cee cesereers gracilis (Acrocalanus) gracilis (Cyamus)
ween eee ween ene
Peewee eee
Peer eee e eee eee ees
SO eras
SOR eee meme mene eee ewer aeenee Pere ee eecccceeenne
eee eee mete ee wwe nne
(
gracilis (Pleuromamma) ............ gracilis (Pontophilus) ............... Pracilisn(Setella)teesccsasesseseeeesees gracilis (Streptocephalus)............ grandis (Bathygyge) eranulata(Acteea))| .t...ccccsscosevsewse granulatus (Cancer) .....2.--.---.-+0- granulatus (Charybdis) ..........+.+++ granulatus (PAgurus)....ccccescreeeees granulatus (Petrochirus) granulatus (Pilumnus) granulatus (Polycheles) ............ eranulatus’(Tylos).s....0c...scsbeeons Grapsid micsisscencestek ntecdecanectcnns Grapsillus Gera PSUS” t.seiac secon smescesecoscoosee cee GU ADSUS' (CANCE) aaasaiscoess secs ssneniece gregaria (Cypridopsis) ............... gregaria (Potamocypris) .......++++ gregaria (Thysanoessa)..............- grossimanus (Apseudes) ............ Gumenotophorust.stsess-cosssese eee giintheri (Achsopsis)..............+++ guttata (Alona) Gymnophylla Gymnoplea
eee wwe eeeee
eee eee eee eee nee
eee ee ey
Pere eee eee eee ee eee SNe e ewe weet ane eeeeee
Peewee eee eee were sees ereeeneee
haddoni (Concheecia) ..............- elailinmed Clteessestscceceeecseseccenseaten IBIRINSIBIS Booseénanoodcodonogonuecocuboscad Halocypridee EIROGYDRIS pessmeneecesceeeeeccesescececr. Harpacticide Harpacticoida DEVAN PUMA eacne selemoleseisereseles aeseresectainc Hemilamprops EVemitiy pli Swencessccsssccsteosecmadecrees hepatica (Calappa) .........s0sss....00
eee eee ee eee eee eee
See e eee eee eee eee eee eee ene
Bede t eee e ew ereeeeene
See ee ee eee teen eeeeeeeee
| Heterorhabdus
| hirsuta (Conchoccia) | hirsuta (Nahia)
| homochir (Nototropis)
Index of Names.
hepaticus (Cancer) herbsti (Calcinus)
rs
| hertwigi (Scyramathia)...............
ET CLEVOCH EO acndeserenens cote este hese heterochir (Pilaumnoplax) heterochin (Pilemmnus)) eseceneecsesere heterodon (Atelecyclus) ...............
hexaceros (Diastylis) VEXAP US: ¢iciec sossaccrescsescsscessensione Init (ue pas) Wsseeceacesssscter eeseeeee hillii (Pentelasmis) Hippidee ELippideait sc canenssoceenerssiacameeseteeett Ili o) NOW aHKGpraqasadoda guaudedesoodaosse. ELIpPOliyte..cssiosess cemcsieietosaccarceiese Hippomedon
ee ee ee
Pe eee eas eee er as
Pee eee eee eee ewe eee
hirsuta (Niambia) ininsuen (PH tLOSCUG) eeseeeiocsseese sence hirsutipes (Lembos) .............++... hirsutissima (Dromia) ..............- hirsutissima (Dromidia) hirticornis (Gerufa) hirtipes (Cirolana) ............ ........ Ihintipes! (HGOtIA)...cercscercoasoeesernne intipes) (Ld ote) iene <ce-eecessslsaer ter hirtipes (Synidotea) RARTESINLG (LO TONILG)) vnctcensceesmcernr hispida (Csesaromysis) ............6+ hodgsoni (Branchipodopsis)......... hodgsoni (Megalocypris) holmesi (Eurystheus) ............... JEON DOUGH op neeo cco ene nosousengeo3|sAnHno0> homochir (Atylus)
See err
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Preece eee eee errs
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ISWONINOIEY) ShrocconoudoSoncuobcdARnanescoase IEvomolitd wyeecceceeneetesereceeeeccece ss FELODLOPROT UE araecsseseesloncseeatieseae
| horrida (Parthenope).............+000
See erry
horridus (Cancer) hyalinus (Cyclops) hyalophyllum (Concheecia) ......... hydrophilus (Cancer)............00e00 hydrophilus (Xantho) FYyMeNOSOMA .......60......0secseeeees Hymenosomatidee Hymenosomide Hyperia Hyperidea Hyperiidee Hyperiidea Hyperoche
eee e tee e eee eee
Rete were weneee
Peewee ene Bee eee eee rere reer ee ee ee eee eee teem een eee eee eeeeee Pome e eee reese cesses ees eeeere Perereer ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee
eRe ee oy
WIGACCUSHacccsce cecceneieceeeeiseaiceciaericcsises TOACHUS sawn coca senseeecocssleedsssaeesereer Ibacus Idomene Idotea Tdoteidee TYG, Sc0 vate sejcieeescelsnissciesn=esienieeieesswee
eee ee eee eee eee teens tee ee ena eee
ee er ry
eee ee tee eee meee eee eee ees ens eee
Index of Names.
PAGE UY CUM nee ecaic ae oe hs ssc akesas eee 544 LEU QTLTT2: RSAC ER ane 544 imbricata (Concheecia) ............... 514 imbricata (Conchwcissa) valsincedieeeneece 514 imbricata (Halocypris) ...c00...... 00. 514 imbricata (Meinertia) ............... 424 imbricatus (Oniscus) ............0000e. 424 Maer Ghd 63: rs cata. A cdces on ene eae 284 lin BCHUS! fatoveccercaseee sae soeee eee 284 incertus (Chlorotocus) ...........06.. 393 indica (Tdotea)) <...secee.ssclacecoesece 432 radiGa (ELD WUSC)c.e saree eee ees 295 indicator (Sapphirina) ............... 551 inermis (Candacia)...............00000 540 imermish( Cy pris). creosessccsesees os 496 inflata (Halocypris) ..............s0.. 507 wmnflata (Thelphusa)...s..0.00-.0.ceseses. 294 inflatus (Potamonautes) ............ 294 innominatus (Cryptopontius) ...... 557 insignis (Conchecia).............0.06. 514 intumescens (Cypris).........00cs0 496 ATEVCT Sa (WGA Wacccsceascetecsescneecesie. 328 inversus (Gelasimus) .........e0eceeees 328 INOS Gessancstoseat estas ee osades srk 410 uppeus (Ocypode), .........200-e.c++ese 326 ISQUMO Maree eececusesstercccc ere oniie steee 487 TSOGy PLES se viseoteweecsiceroeseaeser ss tees 502 isodactyla (Gebia) .......ceceesesceeses 371 tsodactyla (Gebiopsis)...........cceeeee 371 Tsopoda anomala .............se0.e0. 418 Tsopodargentinaye...cecckcccsceesese-ee 419 japonica (Charybdis) ...........2..0.4. 306 VRSHIC BN fe coceee tee neeects erotics cc ons es). 462 SUBSE Awe aece tec cesepe sts cCec ac asoacscse 462 JISUS ey cos tace octane eee sce seesesesesse 374 gurinit (Spheroma). <.1......2--.0. ss. 427 Miateryinrops™cncuresecses eas’ sacks oes 404 kingi (Scapholeberis)...............6 491 kingsleyi (Brachygrapsus) ......... 314 kingsleyi (Litocheira) ............... 314 kladophoros (Antarcturus) ......... 435 ISOCIIORIN Ge: ssaceesaceacests leesccieose es 575 Esochlorinid aagecesccsereeseretoee cee: 575 kraussi (Callianassd)........0..0000008 369 kraussi (Callichirus) ................0. 369 IGPAUSSI pies emeeees sacesescclonseececninee 310 kraussiana (Hippolyte) ............ 391 REECE ((WAURECHIS)) —se50cn0neddoc0c 391 krohnii (Euphausia) .................- 397 krohnii (Lhysanopoda) ...........0.08 397 Khitan Ocypoda) esr sccetcocses<sce ese 327 Kul iiil(Ocypode)icc-cd-eessceeneseeeeee 327 kyrtophora (Concheecia) ..:......... 510 Tiabidoceraic.sesctaacesesschee.scueercies 542 labidolepta (Galathea) ............... 362 lacerta: (Conchecilla),........5.0..+s-6 515 CLEA (OCYPOME) secrensaececseccsssateere 327 lacbeay (Wa) sc seaecsccessensoose taneemeinae 327 lactews (Gelastmus).....eceecrrtserrenee B27
39
PAGE TG OMATG Ustmes cosenee ene eea ten seater 559 Ibeetrmatopiilus) 7jerc-seceserceseestece 464 levifrons (Paramunna), n. sp., Pl.
AGA Re Mee) Uecaenhoseees sewn caeeoeRs 435 leevigata (Anthura) ............-0+++ 420 levigatum (Sphyrion) .............+ 560 levigatus (Sphyrion)............666 + 560 levimana (Eriphia) ............0..06 303 levimanus (Caleinus) ...........6... 353 levimanus (Pagurus) .......00...00 353 leevipes (Caprelia)) 2-3.5.ccsne ses sectees 467 Ue visi Anatifa)) \sccssetestecesatteenes 563 lagostoma (Gecarcinus) .........066 325 lalandit (Idoted) ~ .....c..cssssecseeees 433 Vall anndit) (Jasus\ cece coe. tectescersesnaee 374 lalandii (Palinostus) .........ccceee00e 375 lalandii (Palinurus) .........0scseeee 374 Tama brus /2o.es-.csscoucslesseeveuaiesenaees 292 lamellatus (Broteds) .........s..ceeees 532 lamellatus (Paradiaptomus) ......... 532 ampropide: Aken secdeec cores. 414 lanata (Dorippe) ...........,.ssee0ee 339 Tamatusi(Cuncen) Mraqeenssereeneees oe 339 lanceolatum (Exospheroma) ...... 428 Bidtophionte, <2 ..cecesesseenccecode aceite 546 Tigophontidey- 4. sentccs.cdeeeeg ceesecee 546 latens (Pseudodromia) ............... 345 latifrons (Euphausia) .......sc00000 398 latifrons (Pseudeuphausia) ......... 398 Listreiliiayc. ncsacetestesscessaneserees 347 WEGUreUlid Gl ercesencieaaseaanescrectes sess 347 Watrerllii (Ceerops))rs-s ate, cesenn-ac eee 558 latreillit (Idotea) .........sseeeeseeoee 432 Mhatreillindgacc.sssccsesostacecoecsec seers 347 Mieanderes ci sewaseosssetasssnscherueonre: 386 TLCLOLOPNUs” srersscancteseeescasevoesosaress 324 TeMDOUMES! ..3.5023sccseessecevoscessess 460 Wembossiieecccossasnc cee eee 460 IACONTOCATIS!ssaenacseecesteeneeeeaeteases 391
| wliepadid Bisa ccs accmenesnseees aeons 563 Tepes, /sivscscosssiencteesthesdemaceeseodee 563 | lepidactylus (Macrobrachium) ...... 386 | lepidactylus (Macroterocheir) ...... 386 lepidactylus (Pal@mon)...........608 386 lepralioides (Cythere) ............... 505 Tbe ptestherianl weesessseee-e se see-e 486, 488 IG EDtEStNENINA Co ecmmatnesceerooscerescees 486 The PLOMbySiSitoccccercescseuccseeeosesecse 404 Wern eldeess.ceceacteosces cecroecasoes see 560 EARUCDIP I ELOD ac ooeSond008co 058600025006 562 TE TEFTNG TOY NOUIOEKec.co0G0036000000000060000C 561 TGC NEOMIUZONM Mace. ose redeerecassceces 561 IDGTA NORA PASO Sopncoeosscbooodbn6seOD0e0G 561 Terme opo dal smasaiscoseseersseosesceesene 561 ermeopodi dae meacncseescaseecerecceceens 561 Iberneopodides) fecascessesceeasesercere 561 IBTEDVeTKeRH agaqquonbnncsonosoopdanobooneRd00 338 leuckarti (Cyclops) s.ccccc.sesse-seecees 547 ME CUCOSLAC Clenaaneeneeroeeascensacceecece 335 TG CUCOSTAE Waenecenenccrsacseceternce eases 335 IDC OISUIC FS) co.concoanmoonaD00aRH0cq0n0008 335 IDGWAOWINGY Goooovovandornsonpossq0d90050¢ 453
586
PAGE Iienicolhoid te) eeeceeneceestaetereceeeeseee 452 I Dien (oles Wecosononpacuaacenoceecscesobadcs 493 lichtensteinii (Glyptidotea) ......... 434 lichtensteinii (Idotea) ............... 434 WIG Bie: ace incnecte rosscieonee ecnauroaet nase 437 Wipiideer Av. ocecastssesrsciesoanees sees 437 lignorum (Cymothoa) ...........0... 426 lignorum (Limmnoria)................+. 426 Wilgeboreiay <..csnoslsecjaemsacssoecsaen see 453 nl ehorgildesyces.e-ceesrtesseedeccentees 453 UIC MP rrchancoetcee ese tites eee ae 486 TGUIMNNOUIS. sacc cameos ecient @cueuseite semen: 486 layhemmavoysilen sopececnoueoocancuacodscton; este. 426 dIsghaahaVoy ebKs b:yaegenemesneenodcaeodecmnerodc: 426 IGDO TERETE nodaoqdequaoponcoddodobonsndandec 296 GLOLOPIUUS weteravisentiscesestencestosenecneeece 324 MA SDOGMAULUS xctainaaecelewecrleeceeceseies 285 Wnithodidse Were cc cece ncerauencecssecase nes 349 Mtocheiranie pease seaeensceecssessmecece 314 EALOCHAT Gigencceouseesies sven ace aeecee-s eee 314 litterata (Varuna) .................200. 319 litteratus (Gancen) | n-.... css. dence 319 IBN OINEE Gaeicesooo papodoNOseRbdosdoDsouoK 425 longicollis (Capretia)...............-+- 470 longicollis (Caprellina) ............... 470 longicollis (Caprellinopsis) ......... 471 longicorne (Stylocheiron) ............ 400 longicornis (Ciroland) ...........0.4. 421 longicornis (Eucheta) ............... 528 longicornis (Eurydice) ............... 421 longimana (Hurynome)............... 289 longimanus (Carcinoplax)............ 313 longimanus (Curtonotus) ............ 313 longimanus (Hippomedon) ......... 449 longimanus (Platamon)............64. 449 longipes (Diploexochus)_ ............ 446 Jonsipess(EleliCey?)eencsssaseecesste aces 322 longipes (Sesarma)................06... 322 longirostris (Glyphocrangon) ...... 388 longirostris (Rhachocaris)............ 388 longispinis (Calastacus)............... 367 HOPHOGASLELN cemeacessscseseesersctes 401 Thophogastridte: 2i.....05..1osesesses.- 401 lophura (Concheecia) .................- 512 loricata (Conchoecia) ..........+0...... 512 loricata (Conchecissa) ...........-... 512 HE OUCTIUL Gemacanscorenceseelinaseesecesstc 5032 MOXO CONCHA recmetossseeecseseeccerscr 505 ntibbockiay gen. .ocsscanssecscereeseceeeses 556 lubricum (Kubelum) .................. 444 lucens (Euphausia) .................. 397 lucens (Metridia) ............... ..+.. 539 [IRVINE sor cnodaosbonsconesoqadosgcecoss 536 lhvnatnalss (OCA) enceonods gacndcosoapo0c 335 lunaris (Matuta)..........0..00..sese00. 335 Gp We sonorocleteeseceeneeeecosesaserac 307 IGN GAUCHE} GasooodancuuI0 eda dsoo0aonesa6608 479 TIGTIIIEE eeececoconbanSbnCocDoMNScEanaGeCsbCe 437 IDA BYEENIG (2) noo nanmovooooodacngoooRsoasbocand 486 TEA FIE Kone aaaccoocanboencboangobcaneo ene 492 TUN ADEE) Sac coosoocco ss OooauS en dasauo0NC 426 Iiymeod aplinid ee wcsa eeceesencncoraeee 42
Index, of Names.
GVSIANASSA) scaec-caveses-esesse eee eee MySiaMassid Phos. aesrsesnseten acess livsierichthusbrcescss-mencesceaeeee teers Lysioerichthus Lysiosquilla
ee ee teen wee eee wen ene
macgillivrayi (Leptestheria)......... macguillivrayt (Estheria)..........+. macleaii (Acanthonyx) macleaii (Dehaanius) MGIC ODT ACTIN Mags ccneieeeececeee tee macrocephala (Sphseroma) ......... macrocephalum (Spharoma) ...... Ma Crocypriss.scsssesceessseeee eee seee macrophthalmus (Amaryllis) ...... Macropodiayc.ccecssseereonttcn se tecties Macroterocheir Macrothricide Macrothrix
See ee ey
Macruraycenuinay eee eesetees eee: Macrura: normalliay<sccsccdeeser-oste ees maculata (Cytherideis) maculata (Lysiosquilla) maculata (Macrocypris) maculata (Squilla)
maculata (Trapezia) .................. maculatus (Cypricercus) maculatus (Grapsillus)
ee eee eee eee eee
maculatus (Grapsus) ..............0++ maculatus (Pagurus)... ...0.-0c+....0-
maculatus (Paratyphis)............... Mirena: a eerainoetsinesoacns-ceaseeseeer eases magna (Conchoecia) ...............++ Maiide
rr eri iy
major (Gebia capensis var.) ......... major (Nautilograpsus) .......2..00008 major {Undech@tad)) <2... c.ss:0ses--8 major (Undeucheta).................. makrodactylos (Metaprotella), n. FS] OP gl oa edo) Rap eeOaccmicann ca uacntueass MGM Alan c.ccasswiscensecscaesesnesteeners Mamaiidee MANES LIE) saesmnjeneise cies armetwtesremseeenen marginatus (Atergatis) .............+. marginatus (Carcinaspis)............ marginepapillosa (Niambia)......... marina (Eucheeta) ranean (ELBE) soongsnonecosa=dococe HOHE OUIS (Caf HS)) soocoosaseccescas5 ac martensii (Menippe) martensii (Pilodius) martia (Plesionika) FLOGHRIGIE (URC GORIAMIAI)) — Seceeeceonae cpoco mathei (Hlamena)..................-+- matheei (Hymenosoma) mathet (Hymenosoma) ......+.00000+ IEW Nea epepoocoooobsceds cho seodeodacast
Pec cesrerese niece
See eee
Pee ee eee ween ee tee eweneeeee
CO ee ee
Index of Names. 587
PAGE PAGE INSU ESTCASLC! saz cesscoes tae seiaatecereecs 5GO) | Wlursiay scsocsmetauacedocmesc cestesete ee 334 media (Huchgata) ........0.cossce0ese 528 | mutica (Megalopa) ...........seeeeee ees 348 micdia, (ONCHA) ..secs.cccecoesssesecers 5oo" |) mutica (Megalops)) sec.--.-ree-sa-enees 348 mediterranea (Antaria)............e0 OOM Ie Mey OdOCOpaNctcectnssccseceecessccacssae: 507 mediterranea (Oncea) ...........0668 DON | Why Sid ACealmmensccameeeceesceetersasces 401 megacheles (Cheiriphotis) ......... SVL |) AWISICIED, Goocobdactasocosneoceeqageq9—000C 403 megacheles (Melita) ...........scc00e6 AGS | Uy stdhe a, wea omanicseeeesusesenesoanceces= 401 Wes alocypristessasenee eee eecete eee 501 IW Gailkoy Ne Recoosncseuconsaesnecaocncotensoce By. Terai als oy slitz} ueemionecacanenedacedocoucsdabousecdce 442 Miepalopidenin ne.ccsestcaseesctececeneees 348 | namaquensis (Apus) .............0.... 485 TWA OUCTNS cacenecesdodunn coceaueooovDo0b axe 348) |) nanan (Oithona)) co.cc cccseccc esses 549 Megarthirumiy seis acetone astenoses 545 | manus (Pentacheles) ........0.0.00.0 377 IMESIStOS| (CANCE) maccmeestcese cere cece 850) || manus (Polycheles) i... cc.--<s-seseee= 377 megistos (Dardanws) .........00ececees Bolle |PNeasiraatali seme Oa reer selseteeisisectasiaee 340 MEPISLOS:((PAGULUS)) ceescceesecccess es 350 | nasotuberculata (Concheecia) ...... 510 MiCiM er Gide vnere.coss dacsusceeanerostinnces 424 | nasutus (Rhincalanus) ............... 523 Merhippolyton.2 5 2nc.<-.ceseccscssn=rse 391 | nasutus (Rhinocalanus)............06 523 messinensis (Euchirella) ............ 527 | natalensis (Hurycarcinus) ......... 302 messinensis (Ovdina)) ..3-2.2...c.0ss 527 | natalensis (Galene) ..........s.e.ee0e 302 MESSON (CANCE) vaaceescscecsessscieeccee 319 | natalensis (Pachycheles) ............ 362 IMESSOMN (Gina PSs) meckacterceeeeseses os 319 | natalensis (Pisosoma) .........+..++- 362 messor (Metopograpsus) ............ 319 | natalensis (Porcellana)...........0++ 362 Meta provellaymesssccesersscsesscossensecs 468 | natalis (Attheyella) ...............066 546 Meta prOtOgecrascsteccseteacecosrsaees tes 470 | natalis (Ceriodaphnia) ............... 490 Metopoprapsus) (....-..-csse--+eseo<0s 319 | natator (Cancer)... .....c0c.e.eessneee 307 Metoponortinusirereccse.ccodeeennccceses 440 | natator (Charybdis) ...............06 307 Me iri dai catccne caer cotbscrencsessssuntes dda) Nawtilocorystes).c..--cosscrsesssesr eee 311 meus (Paradiaptomus) ............... 53a) | NautilOsrapsus! seccnce-sacreensesees 320 IMU CIP Pierre. cee nes se scesacvecsscectesecs 290 te Nematoscelish--csespenscecectsseesseeiss 400 mulersis (Hencothoe) sn -.ccsseceses--+ +0 AD Se INCODULEL cacccccctessesseteetncssnce secs: 459 MGCP SUG acrasesttes oeceescsssceeaceoess 394% | MNeolithodest-cssesceestececaseoecscecse 349 amilesi(CanCen) Mescececceensssveccsessses. 304s |enepa (Squilla) is cccccssssssscsccsaceess 405 milesyi(WiOFeNES) erececssdecesscasscns DOALT |MNECDIUTOPSLACE acneceneseseinniesmcsin sce 378 mules) (GRetanus)ieeccesssscsececee.s-e- 5260) Nephropsisi.cs-cnsssccsuceescescececanes 379 Taos, (UHRG UNIS) cooaeosacossnoasgoceeeee 354 | neptuni (Scolecithricella) ............ 530 reauuaey {(1e aullKoeyelt2)) ).coanqosdeonedaccosecese AAS A PINEDEUNUS sscacececesces-enceen ee leacteaers 307 minor (Calanus)..... rononéenaseadpocodc 521 | neptunus (Cystisoma) ...........6... 474 II OT (CCLOCIALUS) Mercere ccaace ccs sier + PAL | INIEIOYSIET Gcoosenansdeassboossdona0conahack 423 minor (Scolecithricella) ............ DSO MP NeSId Cay te ensecoecners sore ssecvectiestmcetins 504 MmMUIMOLN(SCOLECIENTIL)| <..-...00-..2-00%» Spl) |), IIGSHGIENCES: — coosonoondopban aesoduedcaoqcd 503 minor (Ondech@ia) ...........2+0+0.-- BPA || ISbe nail) Eh G55 saanesoocunDespoSocuaaoDadeadd 440 minor (Undeuchrta) .......0.:......06 527 i micetensis (Phrosina) ce. .c-ncs-- 4+. 477 TUUUTAMMUTS) (CA CET) toecowceecncsaces secs 320 | nigricans (Armadillo) ...........0+6- 445 Téa ATER RWIS, (ARIE HAYES)! GooqnaacebooboonnOADE 320) | nigricans (Cubaris) ......0.c.0s-00-0 445 IN bhr=) DIG b=) CoonraoenbnoanaDoboeeobonacbdoooC 566 | nigricans (Diploex .chus) ............ 445 modesta (Niambia) ...............+06 442 | nigrinus (Armadillo) .............0066 446 Moina. ...... spnibdongboscupeasseogeopoedsoa0 492 | nigrinus (Diploexochus) ............ 446 monachus (Eucalanus)............... 522 | nigromaculata (Sapphirina) ...... 553 moniziana (Calappa)...............++ 334 | nilotica (Caridina)................2+. 394 monodon (Peneus) ..........60. 2. se 380 | niloticus (Pelias) .........-.0c00s.5200 394 mucidus (Armadillo) ...........22.0006 446 | nitidus (Diptychus) ......c.sceseceee 365 mucidus (Diploexochus) ............ 446 | nitidus (Uroptychus)..............0++« 365 mucronata (Cytherura)............... 506 | nobilis|\(Cypridina) ~........-s..-...- 517 mucronatus (Aigisthus) .............. 544 | Nocticula......... Peden cscete wsesecseise 396 mucronatus (Hucalanus) ............ DQM | MINOCULUCHwanesancecenaties cece rislecetscice se 396 miillert (Huphausia) .............0606 397 | normani (Pseudorhombila) ......++ 314 IMAUUENGIE, Gocbdococsounenccanebenscosdooce BOLE || “INoyroxe ell al atyaleleth, coooocatoconeononedanade 549 IN oma 255° cooeanoooceuebsconadnsecocnece 435 | Notodelphyotda, ...........s-0-scess.oes 049 muricata (Orthagoriscicola) ......... 559 |) Notophylla <sccs..js-cescesesinesecene ese 484 muricatus| (CecrOps) .....0+-«0-0.+0-0- GY) || INC HOSMOTNE co nonoccoaduoass 6sooasocnca: 395 muricatus (L@margus) ........2..0006 S518)" || INOUDSUREEG <n scopnoococabooonsneneadcL.coo 484 muricatus (Orthagoriscicola) ...... 559 | Nototropis ......cccresesseeoressencceens 455
588 Index of Names.
PAGE PAGE novehollandiz (Metaproto) ......... ATO) | Omi Sto Mme rac eneeeee sete sesso 333 noveehollandise (Proto) ............... 470) | ‘Oxystomatian....21-0.. .sepeseersesacce: 333 novezealandie (Caprellina) ......... 470 numidicus (Apus)) 2.0.6.5. .-s-0. > 484 | Pachos nom. nov. ...... $990609R6000055 556 INjy ClipMamesis.enccceeecenee se sence aera 399) ||| bachychelesies.ececeenersesceeereteeaes 361
pachydactyla (Candace)............... 539
pachydactyla (Candacia) ............ 539 ODLIGIiGN (HISERentd) eer acsescuonaeosesaa 487 | PRachysrapsus os..2sscessis~aceseean ses 319 Obliquus|(Cyzieus))<2.jses.meeeeeea te AST | SPACHYSOMG ouee-cane ate se tes eeaaeeses 556 oblonga (Concheecia).................. 508 | pederus (Cancer) .....50c..0. 0.000000 348 oblonga (Paraconch@cid) ........+0++ 508 | pederus (Marestia)................0.0+8 348 oblonga (Cylindroleberis) ............ HEC PEL H RAS) Caeos vopaan soa condoasenacasaedan 350 oblonga (Cypridina) ....0...6....+-. Olt 3) Pagpurid 6c. cccencassaeconecseamocaceneness 350 obtusata (Conchecia) ............... (SIMO) |p lervequpeicleys) = Ao sanecoasesansanageceododo0NT 349 Obiusush ((Mantho) sea. sc ce eeedeeeeer ss PASI I IRE VeADHENETIENS|. soqqoopeqcassebancoodaaeoaccon 351 ocellatan(Dicerd) renaseracsoacscacaes BALE euler Veqblablsy « Seacaganocneengconducuseececonoc 350 ocellatus (Nautilocorystes) ......... BU || SPaleomon).siisccacccuccsnaecese eee seers 384 octodentata (Dicera) ...........se0.e SI} PRalsomonidee: cesacmecsseseseeecsereeeeer 383 octodentatus (Nautilocorystes) ... 311 | Palemon ...........0.cecececececcceeeeees 384 Octola smashes ccseeperesssrerseseoases DO4) | Palemonidea “cc ssccosssssea-eerocseecte: 383 OCLOMMENISH resenececetecerences seceeor= BYES |) erin), Beecc ooossenooocesenbconssoo 373 Ocypodelyeccmessccnascsseecesss stores 329) Palimurus, ses ccccdecess coseicesceseaeaee 373 Ocypodidtawsarcscenscsssteeccseceres nes 325 | pallida (Niambia) .....2.:.2<..0+-.0«0- 441 ocyroe (Atergatis) ..........0s.s0s00.0. 296 | palumbii (Augaptilus) ............... 538 Oitihonawwaraccosecdlessoestelsessoeciencs 548 | palumboi (Augaptilus) ............++ 538 (OWSVCE SE cooasanno ent ascosocconsanseouoNen Bsc doo) | Pandalides (si.c3-2ce.caecaeeeancescet 391 Ovatep erie) aa baancasdndonobangooses.cadousccs DOO} |) and aus pemescernsacsacessiacceoeate tate 392 Oncocyprisaessrensscsadescsoescaeaceecee OOM) Pandarustsscccesocenesdescscesoteeorises 558 onconotus (Tryphosa) ............+6 450) || Pamiulimus snes acenesee- ses cinsstacsaeitee 374 Onmiseideamcsmerceteaseectsastsselsecanee sere 439 | papillatus (Streptocephalus)......... 483 O MISCHA Ca enceesseredeeseeeseceencees 4837 | papilliger (Heterorhabdus) ......... 537 opalina (Sapphirina) ...............066 552 | papilligera (Heterochata) ...........- 537 Mperculataer.castsnscncedeewsies-esectionse Dodo) |) Laracalamug) Wvaasesseseserssesseeeere 523 Oplophoridsay scgsscasss.cescres- se eeence B04, | Paradeutella eyeessccs-caccccescseeseenee 471 Onlopnonincm essere aera ee eeecee ees 3947 | Paradiaptomus) <fra-ce<-see-sesesecteeet 531 orbiculare (Hymenosoma) ......... Sol) (ParaMOeransscc.-pecccsseensescaseeer ass 455 orbiculare (Leachiwm) ............006 Sole |) SP arAMUNN ares cece essence eemees <eeecees 435 orbicularis (Armadillo) ............... AAG | earapapurus) ve-cesces-cee DS iewabeeneee 356 orbicularis (Diploexochus) ......... 446) Parapaleemony.c..cn-ccasceecne se serectece 385 orbicularis (Polycope) ............... 507 | Paraspheeroma .............0ss++s.0+0 429 Orchestiamvewc csocmencaccesessaceeeesss 4585 |(PRarashemistoyccsscncoce-ceeeeeeseseeee 476 Orchestoideays.s.c-cecsceeces senses == ASO | SParatiypnes -.ccc-nes-ncseetene ren saaeeree 478 orientale (Ch@NOStOMA) .....+..seeeeee S298 | PParatiyp Oise sssontiesece.weceateeeaseee 478 orientalis (Diaptomus) ............... DSLS | Paridobeavensines incense tet sesame 432 ORO O esp qeeroncoroecaodvosadnenaxaquoaccecos A7T9 | parkeril (Jasus)) -sc0.6s050-6s0+0n esr 375 Ornate (DRAlrvelia)\wwasscrs-cceeseersees 566" || Parthenope v.c.ccas-0ceensesesaacceesiar 292 ornatum (Scalpellum) ............... 566) | Parthenopides:......ssasnssss.cssecee se 292 orthagorisci (Pennella) ............... 561 | parvidentata (Concheecia)............ 512 Orthagoriscicola.....:......c0cers...-ss 509s) patvulla; (ACtea)iesccccs..+ eee eesrs 299 OStTAChOM Oss opaasecseseossessateemescets 495 | parvulus (Menippe) ......scscereeees 299 OStR COM Ge aceavaesews steer se rence A495 | parvus (Calanus) ....scccescersesecees 523 OSENCCOLET CStmoscmcenccsieccen sr iies sree 330 | parvus (Paracalanus),..............0.0 523 Ostracotheres 2.0.0... .cccss+cces-c- = 330 | paulsoni (Leontocaris) ............... 391 Ostrapod aenccceacsectsoseeeeseese secre. AQ5 || pavO: (CALAIS) eetsteae eeteees eres 524 (OKEMn SIE Soo coo da sndased-onc0dcoa 905000008 305 | pavo (Calocalanus)..............s.0+e08 524 Ovalis (COryceUs) ........ccee.eceeeere 554°| Pedunculata, .........5.....ss0ss--senee 563 ovallas)|(Cyanns)escseenccess ose ees 472 | pelagica (Halocyfris)...............++ 507 Ovata (BAIA) jccncsscossesenccncoses 504 | pelagica (Lupa) ............ssceceeeeeee 307 ovata (Nesidea) .......06 .-.0...0..:006 504 | pelagicus (Cancer) .....+...0.+.....c000 307 Oxycephallid may recceadecteseeeceeaeeeos 480 | pelamydis (Caligus) ...............++ 558 Oxycephalls) Gr.a-eesasessceesmente-ees ANS) || J22AHGIS) Goo pon ancasadgadoonodcoponoans0006C 393
Oxyrrhynchatssnsecossseedecssteeceres 283 | pellucida (Huphausia) ............-+. 397
Index of Names.
pellucida (Hemilamprops) pellucidus (Coryceeus) BREW POU ES ies Secs faces Soc Sehevgeesseoeovers PEN POLG CRs ci ccecisoas san: ofc’ Ss tena
penantis (Caprella).......:....ss0...++ Peneide LATING I A ACCP PERE EC Boe penetrans (Medesicaste) WBONEUS on casemnaczates seca mneinceseca ees penicillatus (Astacus) penicillatus (Panulirus) pennantii (Ebalia) ...............6+ seis Pennell & t.dcjc2.otaenececstseesicesectewiee: perangusta (Isocypris) perarmata (Stenocypris) Perecnon perforata (Cycloidura ?) perforata (Dynamenella ?)............ perforata (Sph@romda)..........00000--- MAEGUCONG stares Ae tate sae roe oases os perlata (Thelpheusa) perlata (Thelphusa) perlatum (Potamon) perlatus (Chlorodius) perlatus (Potamonautes) peronii (Idotea) perontiy(Paridotea)s.:...--.-.2--+-+s+-- persecans (Scolecithrix)............... Bersephonamer-eeoscasetassenccessarnces petersii (PAl@mMon)..2..s.cscc< 00-2000 petersii (Parapalemon).............+. Petrochirus Petrochirus Phaénna
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Stee etter ee eee
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Cee nec cee cnc cccceerese-
eo. ce Se i
Ce er ee
Phoxocephalidee Phronima Phronimidz Phronimidea Phrosina
Be eee ee ee tee ee et eee eens Se i Se oy
Phrosinine Phtisica Phylloniscus Phyllopoda Rhy llopus sceacesuesscsseracostessaceoceee PN yIOE OM aires eases esemadseessiecemese vs Phymodius picta: (GOntopsts) inn .n..-5-+c-cssceee ee: picta (Sesarma) pictus (Grapsus) PLCtUS (PACU SOMA) nc -wersereecteses seer pileatus (Kucalanus) Pilodius Pilumnoplax IBiGMNUS Vecseeecste. socwsesasiescaceeenees
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Se iy
Pee eee eee eee tee ewe tet eee ene eee
Ce rr
eee eee eee we eee eee aee
er ira
See ry
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ee ee ee rs
ee ee es
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IPUNNOLVCNUACG sewes dee eecoeeeeneceeceee piscator (Oxycephalus) pisifer (Halimede) Pisine Plagusia PIGMOSi.8. 20 scdsnc seven ines cae seeenectess planissimum (Perenon) plamissimius’ ((Gancer)tsscssetesseee soc: planissimus (Leiolophus) PUGEGINON sastesresac nt anes eececonere platyarthrodes (Dynomene) PUMUY COPGn ease vacecaceecease ee see cen cee Platymaia Platyscelidee Plesionika Pleuromamma Pleuroxus plicatus (Grapsus) plumatan ((POMbeLla score ose se eeee eee plumata (Pontellina).............000+. plumifera (Oithona) pobequini (Potamonautes) Podoceridee Rod ocOpaiccs-s ane scerccsse tees ee esses Podoplea Polycheles Polycope Polycopidee Pontella Pontellidx
Pontellina
Pontellopsis Pontharpinia IROntOGyDLISesaee ses seeeeences sates seer Pontogeneia Pontoreneil diese aeons ee eee aes Pontophiltistss-----<.--- soadivestecssces poppei (Chiridius) Porcellana Porcellanidee Porcellio Porcellidiidee Porcellidium PONOSG) (WGEPAS) erweciaes tees se eeeeels es porosa (Tetraclita) POTOsus (ASEMUS).........2cereeanesenees Potamon
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en ee ey Bente wee eee eee eee
AO mn
Se ee ee ro
Potamonidee prehensilis (Sergestes) princeps (Megalocypris)............... princeps (Metridia)
priomena (Isocypris) procera (Concheecia) Processa Processidee
eee ee ee ry
| prominens (Parasphzeroma)......... | promontorii (Hyperia)
promontorii (Paratyphis) Pronoide
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590
PAGE propinqua (Leydigia)................+ 493 propinqva (Daphnia)................+ 490 propingva (Leydigia).................. 493 IPLOTCOCYPIIS feestecesesreieesmcecenseceee 499 J EAROUON IecnpooracannaccbanscoLedcHOCOseCBUAe 468 pruinosus (Metoponorthus) ......... 440 pPruUunosus) (Porcellto)ye-sessssceseeucees 440 joevamaiary ((CLIKQAT\acncodooonnAbCCOCORODS 309 prymna (Thalamita) .................. 309 Psend cnphausiain-nccceeesoceenscecees 398 Pseudodiapiomus fsscss.-c-cseeesseeee 534 Bseudodromiaic.....esseseosseseecesites 345 pubescens (Armadillo) .........00000- 446 pubescens (Diploexochus)............ 446 pulchella, (Jassa).........s--00s sppnoaoer 462 pulchetla (Xatva) ............seseeeeee 305 pulchellus (Portumnus)............... 305 pulcher (Lysierichthus)......... 406, 409 poullexa (COnce7 Went sececencceneseecees 456 pulex (Gammarus ?) ...............008 456 punctata (Anthura) .................. 419 punctata (Persephona) ............... 336 punctata (Philyra)................0..0 336 punctatus (Cancer)...........+sesse0sse 336 punctatus (Cyclograpsus) ............ 318 punctillata (Cypridopsis) ............ 499 purcelli (Diaptomus)................0: 531 purcelli (Streptocephalus) ......... 483 purpurea (Acanthephyra) ............ 395 purus (Letmatophilus) ............... 464 pusilla (Cyclocypris) .................. 498 pusilla (Niambia) -...........cc.c00o0 442 pusillus (Anapagurus) .............6 358 pusilllts (Cyclops)iescssteseaeesseechee 548 pusillus (Diploexochus)............... 447 Pylopaigsurus, %.ccssescccsssesseesese ses 359 IPYLOCYPLIS ciiessvacssecs saeescseereseses 518 quadridentatus (Acanthonyz) ...... 288 quadridentatus (Dehaanius)......... 288 quadridentatus (Mithraa) .........++ 292 quadrimaculatus (Diploexochus)... 446 queketti (Mamaia) ..................008 290 quinquedens (Geryon) ............... 313 quinquedentatus (Xantho) ......... 298 quoianus (Palsemon) ................+. 384 quoianus (Palemon) ..........eeee00e 384 ECR C UIE) eeerae octyede wen <sanetceceses cen 289 reeKoblen se ((Ohpelats)) cocooecaccoccaoenaoneec 496 radiatus (Balanus)............... 309, 569 rafineskii (Livoneca) ...........0..0+6 425 ramosa (Xestoleberis) ............... 506 RAIMA) Pec csleenise cia tosctosee actcleeecises 339 RAM IMG eotwaeesensceteeccscsesce soacterep es 339 TOMINOVMEO Foenctecs cccmestoncesccse see 339 MAP As (COMA) recreate seccesess cae 556 raynaudii (Livoneca).............0000+ 425 recurva (Huphausia) ...............0+8 398 remipes (Trischizostoma)............ 448 reniformis (Proteocypris) ...........+ 500 reticulata (Sesarma) .............-000. 321
Index of Names.
reticulatum (Sesarma) .....:......... retusa (Cteatessa) ................0.00s reynaudii (Amphithoe) reynaudii (Neobule) IRVOUUAENERAUNS) Goeogooosnsapebuso06oRHe00 ER TAMOCALONUSmonelrseceeoacecesserenaite: rhynchena (Concheecia) ............ Rhynchothalestris ............-.+...0+0 richardi (Cyphocaris).................. rigaudi (Ceriodaphnia) ............... rarean keh ( (OH aXoya¥2)))/ 2 spanceoasbosoocebasacc rigidus (Calamorhynchus) ......... ritteri (Conchecia)..............0..--.- robusta (Pleuaromamma) ............ robustwm (Pleuromma) ....cc.cseeeee robustus (Coryczeus) TROCINE 2)" secnesensssseeraenseseerateeseee NOSCH (CONTA) leeceesepeeeneeeeeeeesccees rosea (Tetraclita) roseus (Atergatis) moseus (Campiliis)\\-- ycnc-neeseoosectie rostrata (Galacantha) ...........2... FOStirons) (Calamus) eassssssecereeeees rostrifrons (Rhincalanus) ........... TROL OWI) (VOT RETOKE)) sodeeconcenoneuccae0 rotunda (Dromidia ?)............s.0++ rotunda (Hxodromidia ?) ............ rotundata (Concheecia) ............. rotundicaudata (Callianassa) ...... rotundicaudatus (Calliactites) ...... rubescens (Hctocyclops) .........++ TUDLAGEL (HIStNETIA),. senscscsoseseessioce rubromaculatus (Ceradocus)......... rubromaculatus (Gammarus) ...... rab Wa ESS (UETANIZATTHOW) coc popanacoacdoneecneioon rudis (Hupalemon) ..............-++ rufescens (Diploexochus) ............ TUGOSA (CeNObEA) ....2....000eereeer0e rugosa (Coenobita) ..........20...00200 rugosus (Ccenobita) rugulosa (Kraussia) ..........s0ss0+6 rugulosus (Huxanthus) ..........
rugulosus (Platyonichus) riippellii (Actza) MU pe lit (ZHGUE) eeres weer ecsennceeres rutilum (Scalpellum)................+. rydert (Ocypode)
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settee ewer eee nee
Beene eee eeeeee
settee wn eee
salpse (Sapphirina) ............,..--- sancti-pauli (Munida) sanguinolenta (Lupa) ............... sanguinolentus (CANCEP)....c0...ceeee Sapphirina Sey Oy odameaNKO es) So oooacooneecodons sce eos sarsi (Cypretta)
sarsii (Cyclaspis) sarsii (Hocuma)......... spEoObCOC000 savignyi (Calliadne) savignyi (Spheroma)...............+ scaber (Porcellio) scabra (Hippa) scabra (Ranina) ............s.eseeeee eee
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So
i
Index of Names.
Scabricula (Hriphia) .........-.20ces. scabriculum (Exospheroma ?)...... scabriculum (Spheroma) Scalpelilmiyay ses ascececseasenectocmecwer CaApHOlebenismenccsc anes ssceeeroreecees scarlata (Sapphirina).................. Schizophrys DCHIZOPOd B eeecsemesscdsssesenewstoacees Scolecithricellay..craqssen-essceesesseee SXOO) Xero oe Gaapcnanacacooded soenboden SCOUOCHELES| Macesncsesteesecsecesdceetees scourfieldi? (Cyclops) sculleyviy(Atpus)\esssna-ceeceeceasccee se sculptu (Rhachocaris)..........0. eee sculptus (Pachycheles) ............... sculptus (Polycheles)................ scutellatus (Acanthonyx) scutellatus (Calanus).........seccoeees scutellatus (Epialtus).................. scutifrons (Conilorpheus) SCVAW cape stectiscccateueteoveece sete Scyllaride Scyllaridea Doyllarid es! irc sssocccecesseccesneseis ICYMAMNAUIMT A menensecseeisecisecese sare Sebaman (Hinip hia) eecccdesseeccsseeeeaeise Securier (PRontella) i oss.ee.c2-2-0- 5 securifrons (Scolecithrix)............ semilevis (Plesionika) semilunata (Phrosina) ............... septemdentatus (Atelecyclus) ...... septemdentatus (Cancer Hippa) .. septemspinosa (Arcania) septemspinosus (Cancer) DELCESLES ce wcececcnsiscees sete scscmscees Seroestid i -c..scsassesantncnocceceereces serrata (Paradeutella) Serratia (SCylA)! cencsceassodssesesseaas serrata (Tetraclita)...........0......++ SCMRGUUSH (OGMCCT)N Merelecececenceecesces serricaudatus (Heter ocalanus) S60000 serricaudatus (Pseudodiaptomus) serrulata (Conchecia) Sesarma Setella setulosum (Exospheroma) sexdentata (Charybdis) sexdentatus (Cancer) ...........0.+.--» sexpes (Hexapus) Pl. 41 SCL P Use (ACK APUS) | Messlterieseis sere cl-sescs sidneyi (Potamonautes)............06+ siliqua (Leptestheria).................. siligva (Leptestheria)
SUMALiS; (Da puna) Weveeeseate tases ewece= similis (Huphausia) Simlish (Oithona) tees see ssceeaseeererte. Simocephalus Simosa simulans (Megarthrum) sinuicauda (Sapphirina) smitht (Gelasinus) smithii (Antilibinia) ..,... soapec0andc
Cec cc ence teres cee veccescce
Poe ewer eee weeee
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Ce ee er iit
ween ew eee
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PAGE | 303 | smithii (Charybdis) .................. AIO’ smithiiy(Hriphia)teerseesercwodeeacesees 429 | smithii (Nawtilograpsus) ............ 566 | solitaria (Caprella)............2.....0s 491 | speciosus (Coryceus) .................. 553 | spectabilis (Cyclaspis) ............... O99} | Splesromay caccececcccsossceeeecescncees 395" PSP Bromid wi aers-seneiecesdsoececsees 529 spheoronellaig nacecoscesceeces tose sees 529 | Spheronellids <2...i.sss:..2--.0nes-0e YF |) (SHOES KOVKOLADIS, Scococcqongsobonsseosnossde SAT Ales phyilonia-cosesests-seceeesere ie ceterete 485 | spinifera (Concheecia) ............... 387 | spinifera (Paraconchecia) ......... 862 | spinifera (Phaénna) .................. 377 | spinifrons (Heterocheta) ............ 288 | spinifrons (Heterorhabdus) ......... bad) |) spinitrons, (Homola).c..c-c-cereese 288 | spinirostris (Concheécia) ............ 492) spinosa) (Dromia)) J.-sc-.-0-cses see ¥e 308 | spinosa (Dromidia) .............se008 372. "spinosa, (Much seta) Sos.cnecssesscreee 372 | spinosa (Exodromidia) ............... 372 | spinosum (Cystisoma) ............... 289 | spinosus (Oniscus) .....020....2-0..0+0- 303 | spinulosus (Achwopsis)............... 541 | splendens (Kuphausia) ............... 529 | splendens (Oithona) .................. 392 | spongicola (Balanus) .................+ 477 | spongicula (Balanus).................. 310 | spongiosa (Dromidia) ............... 310 | spongites (Acasta) ............cseseeees 33 || Spongites) (Gepas)| seen. nneceseceosss 337 | squalina (Leucisca) ...............00- 380 | squamata (Niambia) .................. 380 | squamatus (Leptotrichus) ............ 471 | squamosa (Plagusia) .............60... 308 | squamosa (Tetraclita) ............... 570 | squamosus (Balanus ............00000 BO8i |) squamosus (Cancem) Vrsccw-cs--o-cees Spied |) tsicnuullles cosconcoaccsnonoseacnapadngdageoo0C BOL), | USGL as acs wcceesacsies cases lessees cesses Hille esquilllay (Cancer| ensenmceescesccsasee 320" | squilllayeamderx)i\caseeesse sc secession 543 >| squillal(Palemon)\ v.ce-cccccssseees2=- ZIBXI | isyoiwullivels) seo soocoacocusencansocedcaoeseone 306 | stanleyana (Herpetocypris) .......4- BOG) stellata (Gevim)| Wenecs-secceacesesececcs Bild POLENOCIONOPSweeeecsescteseseeeaceseeeee SiGe) StEMOCYMLISl saeceeee cess cere eloes 29D MSTEMOLNOE seecessecte coacseadeaeeeeeeeesites ASST MStCMOLN OIG Baw. sacsiese scsceeeccincteeriess 488 | stimpsoni (Exospheroma ?)......... 489 | stimpsoni (Pontharpinia) ............ 398 | stimpsoni (Sph@romd) ..........0000 549 | stimpsonii (Exospheroma ?)......... 490 | stolonifera (Cythere) ..............00+ AYO) || (SHOMPOTEOTKE. cocsconosbo0oobonndpaccocan ec DADE OLOM a LOPOO dire rer asccoeeceecsce sects 553 | streectst (Chirundina) .............+.... 328 | streetsii (Chirundina) ............... 287 | Streptocephalus .............20....00s
592
streptocheles (Porcellana) ............ striata (Archiconchecia) striata (Tubicinella) strigosa (Goniopsis) strigosus (Cancer)
strigosus (Grapsus) striolata (Concheecia).................. stylifer (Calanus) Stylitera, (HemOre))e-se.ee-s a0 .oeeeeee Stylocheiron subarcuata (Concheecia) subcarinata (Megamoera) ......-..... subearinatus (Elasmopus) suberassus (Eucalanus) subinteger (Grapsillus)
subreniformis (Pontocypris ?) subrhomboidea (Loxoconcha) ...... SUbSpinosan (Gv) ees ceseessacceneoe ses subspinosa (Upogebia) ............... subtenuis (Hucalanus) subtilist(Omeses)\ccaccesssesesenseseeeises subtriangularis (Pontocypris?)...... suhmii (Stylocheiron) suleaitiay (Cirolama)) cve.csesteesce-ecaae sulcatus (Doto) sundaicus (Kupaleemon) sundaicus (Pal@mon)........ececceeees symmetrica (Conchecia) ............ SYA POMSiemetioerina ceive seemancicendcete sess syngramma (Cypris) ..............6... Synidotea
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Ce iy
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A NinihtrreiiG Ie egacoeecnasco ean sacaaasencaace Talorchestia RAM OAUGQACEG eaessccionssneeeeeaaietetene tanneri (Heterocheta) tanneri (Heterorhabdus) el hUstd cer sae oso etee wearer scm tereeee Temora tenella (Nematoscelis)« ............... tenuicornis (Calanus) tenuimana (Candace) tenuimana (Candacia) tenuimana (Idya) tenulmana(Lisbe)) ......c.secareces cee tenuimanus (Hemityphis) terebrans (Chelura) terebrans (Spheeroma) testudinata (Lepas) Metraclhitarescscmeoteecreseseeeeccscert tetragona (Sesarma) tetragonum (Sesarma) tetragonus (Cancer) Tetralia Me trathiyrUsecccrecs ses tec eee peccees tetrodontis (Cinusa) Thalamita Thalassinidea Thalestridz
thalia (Cancer) thalian(Micippa)) ss.s-cesesenceenses ee phalia. (Micippe)) <.cccesns eect: seeessen
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occ eee cence un. C80 rec see
Index of Names.
PAG). PAGE OUR | MUNECOSUACES meacnntcaae eon ecacentete 575 ollGyal) eithelphusas ceaac sss aene eee aes 293 Se) | Wovorantsorau (UD}olaNavie})) Soncosnenonooodess 489 317 | thomsoni (Dorynchus) ............... 286 317 | thomsoni (Lispognathus) ............ 286 Silfim|| HBhoracicny ascsse-scs heer eaenenenees 563 513 | thorelli (Spheronotus) ............... 550 HAM CE yTOSttACd,..secensecsessceeeee cecenees 563 jade) Vib sanoessa, scsssseccsssesnccconeeesees 399 AQ OM | Vhhysanopodaysessre-steen nese cease eee 396 Sil3y | Ehysanopodaceri. sce. s-ceccsenteeers 395 AISYY( || SUIT RGFNOGIAE, aS neoneacnoccconcoocosne 395 AD ie) Hubysanopodid sec. .cses-nasesceseaeeees 396 522 | tibicen (Calcinus) ..................-- 353 S04))) tibicen) (Pages) | Nance eee eee eee er 353 503 | tintinnabulum (Balanus) ..........., 567 505 | tintinnabulum (Lepas) ............... 567 ei Wi aliigoyoly Janeen cosaconcecdssacneonecacnocsacc 454 SMOM|) inonide 35.0 sscscnccecedecccscstmeecece 454 Die | MUS DOM cejecacesteossseesseoeeoesseneceece 544 Doom bisbidee, Was asscssemesset ssoheeeseencse 544 HOS)! Mita ass... cccececess once aaeeseaereeses 438 400 | tomentosa (Plagusia) ................ 323 AD) tonsai((Kuch seta) js cosscassasesesesestes 529 329)"| sinachealis(Gepas) aessseccseccedeeeeee 573 334 | trachealis (Tubicinella) ............ 573 384 | trachyaspis (Apus) ................+ 485 Slay Mra pezilancumece-sececsececce scene cs-erer 303 409 | triangularis (Hrichthus).............0. 408 496 | triangularis (Lysierichthus) ...... 408 433) ||) Lrichodactylusi.-....aajccccssetre 295
trichota, (Cypris)/sc-sssssesccecsecsecers 497 458 | tridacne (Ostracoteres) .........+++... 331 459 | tridacne (Ostracotheres) ............ 331 418 | tridacne (Pinnotheres) ...........60+8 331 588) | trigonay(Cypris)\seeeeseee sees 496 538 | trigona (Hyperia) .... ..........6.... 476 293 | trigona (Parathemisto)............... 476 534 | trigonocephala (Ceratothoa) ......... 425 400 | trigonocephala (Cymothoa) ......... 425 520 | trimaculata (Corystes) .........006... 306 540 | trimaculatus (Anisopus)............... 306 540 | trimaculatus (Ovalipes)............... 306 545 | triodous (Caprella), n.sp., Pl. 48B 467 545 | triquetra (Cypridopsis) ............... 499 478) | ris chizOstOmaignatecstaseoeecacsereeece 448 463 | tristanensis (Hupagurus) ............ 356 427 | tristense (Sphzeroma) ............-.- 427 564 | truncata (Anchialina) ............... 403 5/0 | truncata, (Candace).:....s7.c.ceenen-se 539 320 | trancata, (Candacia)es.s.cecsereecees 539 321 | truncata (Niambia) ................. 441 321 | enuncatus (Ancehialus)) Veecscsescae a 403 305 | truncatus (Leptotrichus) ............ 441 AUIS truncatus: ((POTCellito) waccaccscemacseeees 441 425 ye| ly petesidlcas Mets memeenecemasesesecee 575 SOON) dlneyp lO Sat eenses cesses cesarean eee reescee 450 367 | tuberculata (Calappa) .............+. 333 545 | tuberculatus (Oxycephalus) ......... 480, 290 | tuberculosa (Ebalia) .................. 337 290 | tuberculosa (Persephona) ............ 337 290 | tuberosa (Ebalia) ............sseeee 337
Index of Names. 593 PAGE PAGE tuberosa (Zonocypris) ............... 502 | venusticauda (Cirolana) ............ 422 tuberosum (Pachos) ..............006. 556 | verdi (Ibaccus) ......... Leticcwousesur 373 tuberosum (Pachysoma) .........64. DOOM VELGIN (MDACUS)feonecesserecaceoceeseseees 373 Guverosus| (CANCE). .csesecesaceessens 337 | verrucosipes (Pilumnus) ............ 302 MhulbiGinell ayes sescacesscceece ce sseenteece 573 | vestita (Pilumnoplax) ............... 314 turbynei (Platymaia) .................. 286 | vestitus (Curtonotus) ..............000 313 OU RGOAGD (WER DHALION Saecoorecoccosuonoboc 541 | vestitus (Pilumnoplax) ............... 313 turgida (Pontellina) ...............665 DA TM Vilbili aeeewcceecscteecsesensscosecce cosets 474 {UN AUIG ES cgocodsasnanlonencseocas secrsescares 3 OW | MVLUULA tosneteescesecescesswscescccseses 474 tyloda (Concheecia) .................. Dla) | Vibiliidse:..: 2. (scscsccesscecesescceswss acc 474 EEYAOSY, saseeeve sors scecsecestcaasvetceas ses 439 | victor (Matuta) .............0escecees- 335 TUT AREK® Gondacocoaaececb008e 900 1eEe00Hee AT Man OUCCOTA (MUTI TUUS) Penesessoesecesces se 385 LY DNINE Mec ceecwesccsccaneccsesaeee Ne selor 477 | viduella (Cypridopsis) ............... 498 Ua Oks (UNOTEY) SaxGogoocedocnasosdodnoosac 460) |) valis)(Aphiloscia) i. cccccsseescece 443 typicus (Anchialus) ............000.5. AOSY |Mavilisi(PROSCia)) Kenesccdesecwsstocee cece 443 typicus (Centropages)...............00¢ DOSE MNOUUS eccececcneceeceeceteneemerinecticciogs 390 typicus (Lophogaster) .............+. 401 | virescens (Clibanarius) ............... 352 VITESCONS (PAGUIMUS)) ca. -.0--sceneesees 352 WIG: sccqnopsbonodonnonasticne souconbodsaendo 327 | virgata (Conchoderma)............... 566 uncinata (Cymodoce)...........+esee0 ASOM | Suingatan (pas) Wreeoncdcetaesoceees 566 (Wrtdewchataniecsacecccmnee atieceseces 526 | virgatum (Conchoderma) ............ 566 ungulata ([dotea) ............ss000. 433 voeltzkowi (Oncocypris) ............ 501 ungulata (Paridotea) ..............060 433 | vulgaris (Calanus) ............0c0.sse0 520 ungulatus (Chlorodius) ..........0006 299 | vulgaris (Clibanarius) ............... 352 ungulatus (Hupagurus) ............08 BOS) | UUulgants (Wr adINW)) vowecactneectictdocelcies 520 ungulatus (Oniscus) ......0.0.....000 433 ungulatus (Phymodius)............... 299 | wahlbergii (Limmetis)...............2+ 486 ungulatus (Pylopagurus) ........ ... 359 | wahlbergii (Lynceus)...............66 486 UWPOREDIa cacscesteseenerocsceousdeesecss 370" | -webbii (Aliga)) <ccc.s..0sesecevasceecne ees 429 Wroptychid top es.cjescsss-ccesceess ta) 800) f Webbill (Bierelas)\ccc-ss.e-geoscesesel 422 Wroptychustccccsccsecsscerenes scence: 365 | westergreni (Notostomus) ............ 395 | wolfendeni (Porcellidium) ......... 544 valida (Cymodoce) ............0064.. 430 | wyville-thomsoni (Platymaia) ...... 286 validum (Exospheroma) .........665 430 WIRAIIGTE = sagocaqdesasaccocaodandssedaEed AS 2s XQLUOM fesewscoactsoosecsesesonccsisicssieccers 305 vanhoffeni (Cypridina) Seo GeaRDOUNGONC HIT) Namthidecccc.c.scensess-ceas sec occesos 296 vanhéffeni (Rhynchothalestris) ... 545 | Xamtho...............cccccscssseeecseseeee 297 waricans (Candace), ....0.... sees 540) |) Xanthocalanus: eie.s-seeceseesscsseee- 530 varicans (Candacia) ............-.+..- 540 | xanthoides (Pilumnus) ............... 301 variegata (Lysianassa) ............... AAO PNeStOleberiSsennssracdessecscccssceoseonecs 505 variegatus (ANONYZ) ............0.000 449 | xiphias (Pleuromamma) ............ 536 Mariegaius (ILYStANAL)) weereeoeecse +s 449 | xiphias (Pleuromma) ......066..seeeees 536 \WETALIT Epona eocucogedcadnondcneenccscosu0c 319 VENLTICOSA (POLO) ........0+00c0ee0200 AGS |zancleus! (O70) i cencscccenessseoeosciess 479 ventricosa (Squilla) .......seceseeeeee AGS ZONClOPUSiesccssesneccneseeceneseaseces= 550 venusta (Euchirella) .................. 527 | zimmeri (Iphinoé), n. sp., Pl. 44 411 venusta (Metridia) ................0000: O50! | PAONOCY PTS) sacesesesceccsssereseessinesces 502 Venusta, (ONCHA).....2...c00.eeeeeeseees BOO | LUZATA... 000 .corencescvsesserssscccessasee 431
40
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EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
PLATE XY. (Crustacea, Puatze XLI.) Hexapus sexpes (Fabricius).
n.s. Natural size of female specimen, from which the enlarged details are drawn. The figure is in dorsal view, the right cheliped wanting.
Pl. 9. Dorsal view of pleon clasped against the sternum, with ventral view of the third maxilliped and parts of limbs of the left side.
oc. The right eye, raised a little out of its orbit.
a.S., a.1.,m.,m. Part of underside of head, showing first and second antenne of the left side, tips of the eyes, and the mandibles.
m. Right mandible, seen from the inner dorsal side, with its palp brought into view. In the preceding figure this mandible is on the left, in ventral view.
mx. 1, mx. 2. First and second maxille.
mxp. 1, 2,3. First, second, and third maxillipeds.
prp. 1, prp. 4. The left cheliped or first pereeopod, and terminal part of the fourth, in this species the last, perseopod.
plp. Pleopod from the second segment of the female pleon.
. Grustacea. Plate Xhl= Ann. 5. Afr. Mus. Vol. VI. : Plate XV.
Del. T.R.R.Stebbing. West, Newman lith. HEXAPUS SEXPES (fabricius)
*
PLATE XVI. (Crustacea, Puate XLII.) Nasinatalis disjunctipes, n.g. et sp.
n.s., n.s. Lines indicating the natural size of the adjoining figures, the upper representing a specimen in dorsal view, the lower a smaller specimen in ventral view. ‘To the right of the latter is a more enlarged portion of the front in dorsal view, showing the position of the first antenne, a.s., a.s., in relation to the eyes.
Pl. s., 5-7. The fifth, sixth, and seventh segments of the pleon of the uppermost figure in dorsal view.
m. Mandible.
mxp. 2. Second maxilliped.
mxp. 3, D., mxp. 3, L., mxp. 3, V.. The dorsal or inner, the lateral, and the ventral or outer aspects of the third maxillipeds.
br., br. Two of the branchix, each showing two biseriate plumes connected only at the base.
prp. 1, prp. 2, prp. 5. The first pereopod or cheliped, the second, and the fifth perseopods.
Piste XVI-
Crustacea. Plate XLII.
Ann .S. Afr. Mus. Vol. VI.
yah) SV i § Sa : Wy " Ting ea ZZ DOT) )
-
SRA
Sy
“a .
ois s
mxp.3. D.
o
{ a ae foe EE, Po ; C Ro Dy a f Z “ 4
ents Gaus \ i he
West, Newman hth.
NASINATALIS DISJUNCTIPES, 79.e6 sp.
Del. LR.R.Stebbing.
Saaipics a aereercee reteset
PLATE XVII. (Crustacea, Prarz XLIII) Parapagurus bowviert, n. sp.
3. The figure below gives an enlarged dorsal view of the cephalothorax, showing in position the eyes, first antenne, acicles of the second, the chelipeds, second perwopods, and on the left the third perwopod. Protruding on the right are the extraneous bladder-like organisms.
a.Ss., mxp. 3, prp. 1, prp. 2. These letters are attached to a lateral view of the cephalothorax, showing in position an eye,a first antenna, a maxilliped, the larger right-hand cheliped (first perweopod), and the second perwopod. The extraneous organisms are seen at the bases of the third maxilliped and the second pereopod. In these composite figures the exact relative sizes are not preserved, owing to the difficulty of focussing under the microscope.
T. The telson and the uropods in connection with the sixth pleon segment.
oc. One of the eyes, much magnified.
a.s., ai. The first antenna and the peduncle of the second, magnified to the same scale as the separated eye, but not so highly as the following details.
prp. 4, prp. 5. The three terminal joints of the fourth, and two terminal of the fifth perseopod.
plp. l., plp. 1, plp. 2. The convex and concave sides of the first pair of sexually modified male pleopods, in position between the coxe of the fifth perwo- pods; and one of the second pair.
urp., urp. The uropods magnified to the same scale as prps. 4, 5, plps. 1, 2, and the higher enlargement of the telson.
Crustacea. Plate XLIII.
Plate XVIL.
Ann.S.Afr. Mus. Vol.VI.
tind = ere een eects
ae ie mac
a : LAN fi a = Seer WX 5 4 VV dy ~ = Xs NV ce UA ey \ ~NS 4. ANAS AG Hi . — ae SEAN S AOA U/ ~ Ss. A a a ey, i J js . RN {
en
West, Newman lith.
Del.T.R.R.Stebbing
PARAPAGURUS BOUVIERI, wm. sp.
PLATE XVIII. (Crustacea, Puate XLIV.) Iphinoé zimmeri, n. sp. n.s. Line indicating natural size of specimen figured below in dorsal and lateral aspects.
a.s.,a.i. The first antenna and proximal part of the second, highly magnified.
Car., ai., ai. Part of the carapace, showing on the left the second antenna in position when in quiescence, on the right the first antenna in position, and the second withdrawn from its groove.
br. Branchial leaves from the branchial apparatus of the first maxilliped.
mxp. 2, mxp. 38. The second pair of maxillipeds and one of the third maxillipeds, each with the distal part more enlarged.
prp. 1, 2,3, 4,5. The five perwopods, with distal portions of the second and third more enlarged.
plp. One of the pleopods, with lateral armature of the peduncle much more magnified.
T., urp. ‘elsonic segment and uropods, with branches of the uropods more enlarged.
The details are all given, in the first instance, to a uniform scale, but the further enlargements are on a higher scale for the antenne and pleopod than those of the other details. mxp.1,juv. First maxilliped of a specimen apparently juvenile.
T. juy., urp. Telsonie segment and uropods of the young specimen, less highly magnified than the maxilliped.
Crustacea. Plate XLIV. Ann. S.Afr. Mus.Vol. VI. Plate XVIII.
Del. T.R.R.Stebbing. West, Newman lith. IPHINOH ZIMMERI, z.sp.
7
7
- 7 .
= a
‘ “ 7 _ » - be - = vs . * 7 i 7 7 ae ‘ - es . Di: i s Lt oe : - « 5 = 7 - = =
PLATE XIX. (Crustacea, Puatz XLV.) Iphinoé crassipes, Hansen.
n.s. Line indicating natural size of adult male, represented in lateral view in the adjoining figure.
Car. Front part of carapace in dorsal view, with one of the first antenne.
a.s.,a.i. First and second antenne.
mx. 1., mxp. 1, 2, 3. First maxilla, and first, second, and third maxillipeds. Parts of first maxilla and of a first maxilliped more highly magnified.
prp. 1, 2, 3,5. YVirst, second, third and fifth pereeopods. T., urp. ‘elsonic segment, with left uropod in attachment.
The details are magnified to a uniform scale, with exception of the parts of mx. 1, and mxp. 1, above mentioned.
Crustacea. Plate XLV.
Plate XIX.
Ann. S. Afr Mus.Vol.VI1.
West, Newman lith.
Del. T.R.R.Stebbing.
IPHINOF CRASSIPES, Hansen.
PLATE XX.a. (Crustacea, Puatze XLVI. a.)
Puranunna levifrons, n. sp.
n.s. Line indicating natural size of species figured below in dorsal view. 0¢., a.S., a.1. Ocular lobe, first antenna, second antenna.
m., mxp. Mandible, maxilliped.
gn. 1, gn. 2. First and second gnathopods.
plp. 1, plp. 2. First and second pleopods.
T., urp. Telsonic segment and uropod.
The details magnified to a uniform scale.
PLATE XX.s. (Crustacea, Puate XLVI. B.)
Dic calmani, n.g. et sp.
n.s. Line indicating natural size of specimen figured below in dorsal and lateral aspects.
Car. Carapace flattened out.
a.s.,a.i. The pair of first antenne, with higher magnification of the flagella, and a second antenna.
l.s., m.,m. Upper lip and mandibles, cutting edges and some spines more enlarged.
prp. 1. First pereeopod.
Crustacea. Plate XLVI. Amino. Ate. Mars. Vol. VI. Plate XXe
Del. T.R.R.Stebbing. West, Newman lith. A. PARAMUNNA LAEVIFRONS, 7.Sp. B. DIG CALMANI, 7.g. eb Sp.
PLATE XXI. (Crustacea, Puatze XLVIT.)
Dic calmani, n.g. et sp.
li. Lower lip, with further enlargement of one apex.
mxp. 1, mxp. 2, mxp. 3, mxp. 3. First, second, and third maxillipeds, each with partial further enlargement. In the complete figure of the third maxilli- ped, the fifth joint is seen by transparence; in the more highly magnified part of the companion third maxilliped, the fifth joint is uppermost.
prp. 2, 3,4, 5. The second, third, fourth, and fifth pereeopods.
urp. The uropod, with higher magnification of its exopod and endopod.
Pl. The pleon, with higher magnification of apex and anal valves, and surface markings of the sixth segment.
All the details in this and the preceding Plate Bb are enlarged to a uniform
scale, with higher enlargement, also uniform, of some parts, including distal portion of mxp. 3, and the two branches of the left uropod.
Crustacea. Plate XLVII.
Plate XXI.
Ann.S. Afr. Mus.Vol. VI.
ww ‘
(
{
4
| \ \ \ ase Sees es. : 7
pep. 4.
‘ 7 / nein naan anne ecemcrer esc a ae ee i j f\ fj |
West, Newman lith.
Del.T.B.R.Stebbing.
DIC CALMANI, 2x.9. eé sp.
PLATE XXII. a. (Crustacea, Puatze XLVIII. a.) Metaprotella makrodactylos, n. sp.
n.s. Line indicating natural size of the specimen figured below in lateral view.
a.s.,a.i.,m. First and second antenne, the second in attachment to one of the mandibles.
l.s., 1.i., m., mxp. Upper and lower lips, mandible, and maxillipeds, more highly magnified than the antenne and attached mandible.
en. 1, gn. 2., prp. 3, prp. 4. First gnathopod with higher magnification of hand and finger, second gnathopod with base of the second joint more enlarged; third pereopod; base of the sixth joint of the fourth pereopod enlarged on the higher scale.
prp. 1, prp. 2. The rudimentary first and second perwopods with the respective branchial vesicles magnified on the higher scale.
P1Y. Ventral view of the pleon, magnified on the same scale as the mouth- organs, first and second pereopods, and partial details.
PLATE XXII. 3. (Crustacea, Pratze XLVIILI. s.) Caprella triodous, n. sp.
n.s. Line indicating natural size of specimen figured below in dorsal aspect. oc. An eye.
a.s., aj. Flagellum of first antenna; flagellum and last peduncular joint of second antenna.
gn. 1, gn. 2. First gnathopod from distal end of second joint; second gnathopod from middle of the hand.
prp. 4. Last three joints of the fourth pereopod.
Pl. D., Pl. V. Dorsal and ventral aspects of the pleon. All the detail figures magnified to the same scale.
Crustacea. Plate XLVIIL.
Plate XXII.
Ann.S. Afr. Mus.Vol. VI.
a rai Lop)
West, Newman lith.
B.CAPRELLA TRIODOUS, zp.
Del. 7. R.R-Stebbing
A.METAPROTELLA MAKRODACTYLOS, sp.
(
595
)
INDEX OF GENERA.
PAGE A Acanthephyra, Ad. MW. Edw. .... 394 Acanthurus, acs so... aes BA INCH ELA Cae sie iolens ore ores were wh 542 INGO Ey OHO nooo DODO OOOO oOo 569 Acheopsis, Stimps. ........-. 285 Nehelous,) Ge TAG « cjserc + cee ss 307 Acrocalanus, Giesb. .......... 524 INO, COIEIGLEND oa ooenood0 coed 298 AVE IOAN iss oo ap op dd00 00 HO00 422 PV RIONNG UGHOs Soogcens aao0c0GC 383 AEM NI, CG anos soon oes 543 AMnGhiyts Joys cacoocaoacosnod 525 Albula, Gron... 269 INbbineh, IGGHI 66 6ne000 00000000 407 INI oratts,, JRO. Boos obb6 000000 494 INVOmelliaeSa7Siecerle rc sisieveeusreners 494 INIONODSISH S C1jSa etter cleelsvererererers 493 NA NWE, JMS Gocogocpacccoc 388 Amanylliss East. (1. «e+ 0 67, 448 INIMIDASSIS CONN.) sorre eleistentels) <> 148 Ampelisca, Kr6y. 2.060000... 5- 69, 450 Amphipronoé, Bat..........+.- 479 Ampithoé, Leach 462 Anapagurus, Hend. .......... 358 Anchialina, N. @ Scot. ........ 402 /Namloyet,, JLQHED ~ acaocooao00s 423 Antarcturus, Strds. ........ §2, 434 Antennarius, Cant. <......65 0 252 ANniort, JEGHOD. 0000600 D000 G0 419 Antilibinia, McLeay .......... 287 AOI, NGC 460000 0000000000 84, 459 Aphiloseis, Be Gund. . i562.) 443 INTEC, Cis cacosnoog ooanee 176 INTRO, IGG, coodooasocua pode 149 Jinan, Coos Weil conasonaeddc 226 ASCUCeS WITCGCMmyasieroleiis «i e1aleer= 419 INMOEE ISG 0s ooocc000 00 ou aHoode 484 INE IOTHOD, oooo9g0caK0 d008 337 Archiconchecia, Miill. ........ 515 Agilent, CUB. socacobooncr 104 ANGIIEKOBIE IHOR5 ad aclooc0OU05 oon 5 ets!
41
PAGE Atelecyclus, Leach........-.-- 310 Atergatis, de Haan............ 296 Attheyella, Brad. ..........+. 546 Augaptilus, Giesb. ............ 538 Aulacocephalus, Schleg. ...... 145
B Balanites Ulsmesersrerrnerchet hate 567 IBISTCS LeU Uactencreternelenerleleicnenete 271 Bathygyge, Hans. ........0¢ 57, 436 IBlemmitl sais levereielencenere seis! 99 IByoKeloumets), (CHOWEoog ovooanaouDK6 410 ope, (COW, Wail, nooacsoon00u0s 165 Brachyseelus, Bats... wisi eis 479 Branchipodopsis, Sars .......- 483 By bls Boeck.) cleece ie A il Aoi: C Cesaromysis, Ortm. ......+-+. 403 Calamorhynchus, Str. ........ 480 Calantrstwleaelmerrretcici treks 519 Calappa, abr. ....... prow alls B38) Galastacus Hida were tsreksrerle-ctalels 367 Galleinuse D aerereietens rele icieiele 353 Callic us eMail erreterserretrnelereiey 558 Callliiactitess 5 O77:Gd a =rc)-telsleleel si 369 Galligdnes Strains enc clelele clei 370 Callichinuss Stimpss Veco aca 369 Calocalanus, Giesb. .......... 524 Camacho. SteDa aciereceresicie 87, 463 @andaciaseD antec ciicier 539 Candonocypris, Sars ........-- 501 Cantharusw Bolter seers ete S75 2B Carella Tsai verorelet ekorcleiclerelohnier = 465 Caprellimaiy Thoms: 7.1.1. sae 470 Garanieichitliysyrectarcriciotererteneterers 244 Caranxa lida tetas: slevcieyerskelercielers 239 CArGinaspiss StUNUPSe wrercheretelele 338 GCardisomia Tati cn sen eel. 14, 325
596
PAGE (Chrahine, MWh JOC Dso ooo ecaaoeac 393 (OCI) NS) IGA non ocagacHaUc 558 Centrophages, Kriy .......... 533 CeradocusC@osta.eieeiieniee 81, 456 Ceriodaphnia, Dan. ........ co | «MN Cheropsy eeecveeiiereecrecces - 259 Cheropsodes, hres creieere 260 Chetodon, Tinn: 2.2.2.2... USS )5 PRY Chamos Wa cepn ieeierciiecie erika 271 Charybdis, de Haan.........-. 9, 306 @heiliohacs sence ao cles 199 Cheiriphotis, Walk. .........- 461 Chelura, Philip ......0+--++0+: 463 Chiridis}iGzesos aieise cislee elt 526 Chinoceptruss Cavers slelelelee eral 202 Chirundinal G2esb! sa. ses cele er 527 Chlorodopsis, A. M. Edw....... 300 Chlorotocus, A. M. Edw. ...... 393 Chorinemus, Cuwv. Val. ........ 186 Chrysophrys erciicdeaicrerie se 170, 234 Chthamalus, Ranz......-....«- 574 Chydorustelicach eerie se 493 CIMUSA SCPE. clelelateleiel terete 425 Cirolanawieacihesaeie cilities ote 421 Cirrhitichthys..............-- 174 Clausocalanus, Giesb. ........ 524 Cleistostoma, de Haan ........ 828 Clibanarius, Dan. ..2.-..... 20; 352 Cis, CHWs Aacaoao00000 doco Jlnl@) Chino, JOWS conb nooo do oooNde 269 Coenobita, Latr. .... 359 (Corte, Cuan sooccoocndonae 556 Conchoderma, Olfers. .....++- 565 Conchecetes, Stimps. ......-- 346 Conchecia, Dan. ............ 508 Conilorphevs, Steb...... scbeo Chi, 2 OR Worisheiacwerce cars clererersteieterel cre 258 (Coil, Ih goosuancdo0GKc 571 Corycseus, Dan. ....... SbDo050C 553 Gamay, JS aoconoon00K0KS 382 Crenidens; Cuv. Valisniecs-.- <= 164 Cristiceps, Cuv. Val.........+- 138 Crossophorus, Brad. .....+.++. 518 Cryptodromia, Stimps. ........ 344 Cryptopontius, Giesb. .......6. 557 @leatessae Sand ereteete tere ata 424 (CY AMUUS AUT ereterelerhoisielsrars cle - 471 (Oho, CWE sogocacccco0 acd 248 Cyclaspissy Saisie sieletsletole teres 413 @yclocypriss5.1G Niecrciemtetetcrarere 498 Cyclograpsus, M. Edw......... 318 Cycloidura, Steb. <.2./ sje. «00% 431 On loyns, Wh s8 56 co 000c000000 547 Cylindroleberis, Brad. ........ 517 Cymodoce, Leach ....... 55000 eet) Cymodocellan Bieficcnt leet =f 430 Cyphoearis, Boeck ......--..6- 448 (Ghypalevoswiss Gocgdpcvcnandu00 6 174 Cyprettan Viauirerjersrel-ielslsieiele) cre 498 Cypricercus; Sars jw. t+ 500 Cypridina, M. Edw. ........ 516
Index of Genera.
PAGE Cypridopsis, Brad............. 498 (On qnavavoyvisy Jeet Basqqbacocen sY)t/ Gy pris; Ue ereclee oiereeote 495 Cyproniscus, Kossm. .......... 436 Cystisoma, Guér. Men. ........ 474 Ohad WMHs coocoacoscengGaD 504 Cytherella, R. Jon.............- 506 Cytherura Sas weiclevenseretererclorrs 506 Cyan), 4latth aocaaocsasod66 oc 487 D IDEy oar, WH sooooscong Ss 40 489 Dehaanius, McLeay .......... 287 lds COME Babdoooouodoncos las DY, CHER agoccnodoude on ooot 444 Diagramma, Cuv. .........+. . 154 Diaptomus, Westw.-......... 5a fel Drastylishns ay periertyeeter eric: 418 IDRIS cocoasacnon0 56000000 415 Dinopercas DOU sceeitsltte ee OS Diogenes sD aiis ieele viele co aietate 24, 353 Diplexochus, Brandt.......... 445 Dipterodon, Lac. ...........- 165 Worlp pe; HAD iiqereraieicterisvcloe= eiler= 339 Dorynehus, Norn: <1... 1-11 285 Dotilla, Stimps. ......... pooo5 = Bty IDTV (CVMasogoodc0 50500000 162 IDKosrahtsy, JUG 4 Gade Go0e ao60GCC 342 Dromidia, Stimps. .....6.022 «- 342 Dynomene, Desm. ......-.+--- 346 E INE VEdaaccoccCDDcGGsS abi! IDNA Gadaccsgucgnddacooc . 248 Echthrogaleus, Guér. Men. .... 559 Ectocyclops, Brad.........---- 548 Elamena, MW. Hidw. ....0.....0. 332 Elasmopoides, Steb. ........ 81, 458 Elasmopus, Cost. .....--+-- 457 IB COHLISS GTO se crcrstateketeetoteletateners 254 Hlops, Cwv. 2.2.2 cerecsesesce 270 IDpentayehish, WEANGA I caaooacp on a5 366 Eneraulis, Cuv......:... Soo ANIL, Lar Idpoyenonsy, WR GoonoeDOoDaGe Oc 414 Ephippus, Cuv. ........-+--6- 228 Epialtus, M@. Hdw. ............ 288 Epinephelus, Bloch. ......-..- 214 Epixanthus, Hell. ......-..... 301 Equula;(@uwo.. <2. - scissor 188 Ericthonius, MW. Edw. ........ 463 Birich thus, Lattice cto ctevei= ee 2408 Eriphia, Latr........ Bate cleesteyere 302 IDiawi WE JAWS Gooooo GBD OOO So 298 WM ENUMeEUS AUD LCeln tele elelelsier-yeretete 268 Hubelums Bo liad, vacis siet-rolener= 443 Mucalanuss eae mercies ctr 521 Biucheeta Pnile cercie cl sleeheteetotere 528
Euchirella, Giesb. ...+-0-2++-+ 527
Index of Genera. 597
PAGE Euconcheecia, Miill. ........-- 515 Hudromia, Hend. sac00--- 346 Eupagurus, Brandt ......-+-- 356 EKupalemon, Ortm.......--- 41, 384 Euphausia, Dan......+.++++-+5 396 Euplax, MW. Edw........++-++-- 329 Eurycarcinus, 4. M. Edw....... 302 Eurydice, Leach ....--..+++++: 421 Eurynome, Leach ........+.-- 289 Eurystheus, Bat.........--- 85, 461 lDisemaoypls,, JOVAOn GooosoacoU oT 297 Idolos Mls Goooaccoud0G 266 Eixodromidia, Steb.......-.+- 344 Exxospheroma, Steb. .......-+: 428 FE Fistularia, Blainv.......... 257 G (Gam, Wouelessoobo0000 00 dC 526 Galacantha, MW. Edw. ..... 19, 364 Galathea, Habis 2.0) -\e1cls cieietsie 362 Gammarus, Fabr. ....-.se0es . 456 GaZzZza RUDD. 3.615 see ceisler 189 Gecarcinus, Leach .......+.+0. 324 Gerres; Cu. 0.26 cece oe wniss 158, 227 Gerufa, B. Lund. ........00.. 449 Geryon, Kroy ......es--seeee- 313 Glaucothoe, M. Edw........... 360 Glyphidodon, Gunth.....-..+.- 196 Glyphocrangon, A. M. Edw... 36, 387 Glyptidotea, Steb. ......-+..-- 434 Gnathophausia, Suhm. ...... 42, 402 Gommiich JO0pPs o< anaucoosooldoS 254 Goneplax, Leach ........-++6: 312 Gonodactylus, Latr. .... 406 Gonorhynchus, Gron. .....++- 200 Grammistes, Bloch.......... 145 Grapsus, Lam. ....++++6.- ip, Bly Gunenotophorus, Cost. ........ 530 H Halimede, de Haan .......... 298 alimuss atry «cee 5, 284 Halocypris, Dan. ........+++- 507 Harpinia, Boeck .........-+- 73, 452 Hemilamprops, Sars .......--. 414 Hemiramphus, Cuwv. ......-..- 266 Hemityphis, Claus. .........- 477 Hlentochulss: Cuvee cseiccle'e cicero © 160 Heterorhabdus, Giesb. ........ 537 Hexapus, de Haan. ........-- 315 Hippolyte, M. Hdw. .......... 390 Hippomedon, Boeck ....... 64, 449 Hioolocentrum, Gr07s e. cieei- 16/010 235 Homola, Leach .......--.-++- 347
PAGE Hymenosoma, Desm.....-+++-- 331 Hyperia, Latr. ......--..+--- 475 Hyperoche, Bov. ...+-.+++0++ 476 I Tbacus, Leach ........-++e-0s% 372 Idomene, Phil. .......-----: 545 Geyer IMs coocccodcnda0000 432 Inachus, Fabr.........eeee0.e- 284 Iphinoé, Bat. ... -- see sere 410 Isocypris, Miill. .....+++-++++- 502 J TEED VEGA sa0q50b0eaG00d0C 462 desks J2Widiooobodo0000n0000000 374 Abe, Gls caoooodocc oo addon 198 K Kochlorine, Noll. ......+-e+s- 575 Kraussia, Dan. .....----- eee 310 Ini nbeys (CHUA Sooc00Fo0o000dC 149, 214 L Labidocera, Lub. ....-.-++-e- 542 Lematophilus, Bruz.....++++-- 464 bem) Soacogcddosdns Seccterasiere 250 Lambrus, Leach ......+.+...-- 292 Laophonte, Phil.......+++++0++ 546 Latreillia, Rowa....5...e-s-eee 347 Leander, Desm. .....--eseeees 386 Lemboides, Steb... --++.++.-+:- 460 Lembos, Bat. ......seesseeees 460 Leontocaris, Steb.:....+2..s00- 391 Lepas, Linn. ...--++eee seer ee 563 Leptestheria, Sars ....--.+-++- 488 Leptomysis, Sars ...-.+++++++ 404 Lerneomyzon, Blainv. ....---- 561 Hiethrimus, Cwve cde. wel ciecie- 168 Leucisca, McLeay ......-.++65 338 Leucothoe, Leach .....2.+++-- 453 Leydigia, Kurtz ..-.eeeeeeeees 493 Ligia, Fabr.......se seer senses 437 Liljeborgia, Bat......+++-++- 78, 454 Limnoria, Leach.....+-.+.+0- 10, 426 Liomera, Dan. .<.-...+-+s.0% 296 Litocheira, Kindh .......++e-- 314 Livoneca, Leach .......+s+-e0- 425 Lophogaster, Sars ...++++++++ 401 Lubbockia, Claws. ......- wien, 006 Lucicutia, Giesb........-cesse- 536 Lupa, Leach.......2++-+eee 11, 307 Lutianus, Bloch ....+..++- 146, 213 Lynceus, Miill. ....++++ eee 486 Lysierichthus, Hans...... ocg0a Gals)
Lysiosquilla, Dan, -.++++++++++ 406
598 Index of Genera.
PAGE M Macrocypris, Brad. ..... ooo0g Bly Macropodia, Leach ..... Sratee, Zoe Macroterocheir, Steb......... 39, 385 Macrothrixee ba 17d meeceeioece 492 IMaeras TsCACTt, secretes ene) oeletsrairele 457 Mamaia Sted. «3.101 se 121-16 /-/s) 315151 290 Winn, JOS Sobapodac Seco Bets Michiel; sHGDIs. wveiec/ocreteretrercreree 335 Medesicaste, Kréy. ........-. 560 Megalocypris, Sars. .......... 501 Megalops;Wacepey tre clei sais ei 270 Megarthrum, N. d& Scot. ...... 545 MeinertianiSteOs were clerlersteleieeisicle 424 Merhippolyte; B at.tcc-lclelesis ee 391 Metaprotella, May. .......... 468 Me taprotoy any arsctelerstsis/sct-telorl = 470 Metopograpsus, W. Edw. ...... 319 Metoponorthus, B. Lund. .... 440 Metridias eB Oech mie teitereeleecie 534 WMO, JOA sodooaanesaooe 290 Min OUS5 CIN metciclevcierslele) stats eee ef E/ Wikowinays, Joyal Goooouaadcnou0Gs 492 Monacanthus, Cuv. ......... 272 Mursia.t Desm ac cwewsie-ocwtesios ee 334 N INN 8, JOM Gaanbonaoa6cec 442 Nautilocorystes, MW. Edw. .... 311 WWW IEMIIBE sooogopogneo00 459 Neolithodes, Edw. @ Bouv. .... 349 Nephropsis, WerMass <ficc.. oie 379 iINeroctlasiaeqcimericr eerste 423 ING@sidea GOSts diets /cteisle. siete:stelcsere 504 NEON ERIC DS GoanooconOKde 440 Notostomus, 4. M. Hdw....... 395 Nototropis; Cost smeiverrcieti 455 Nyctiphanes, Sars. .......... 399 O Octolasmisy Graeme 564 Octomeris, Sowerb. .......... 574 OcypodeHabi sweeper 325 Oithona phatrdaeseeeenee ci 548 (Omer, JA Goodpomodaboodood 559d Oncoeypris) Milly sec sc- -1-10 501 Opisthognathus, Cuv. ........ 251 Orcheshiasesedch acces 458 Orchestotdea, Nic. occ. cn os clei 459 Orthagoriscicola, Poch......... 559 Ostracotheres, M. Edw. ...... 330 Otoliths Cay eerie selerercieroeie 184 OWE aM cooounoobo00sK 305 Oxycephaluseb ats rrererterte 480 1B iRachos Glasses 556
Pachycheles, Stimps. .......... 361
PAGE Pachygrapsus, Rand........... 319 PagellussCiuvs seme cscs ae too PAGTUS OUVs darcy aflolacioiereeier 169 lehyeqouatsinest JOM Scouaeecooor 351 Ieee, JOM, S500 ccuecCor 21, 350 IPallsemion eH a Diseeertrie raeteneriete 384 Palinurus, Fabr....; slelistevetaualaitens 373 IARI, S65q600006 Reyslerioen SO OS Pandarusseljeachn ee eeieetactsieere 558 binulbiane, VA sooncooou A By ort! Paracalanus, Boeck. .........- 523 Paradeutella, May. .......... 471 Paradiaptomus, Sars. ........ 531 Paralichthodes ..... Silsile seers 262 Paramoersn,cerse sn sie cm eters 455 ParamunnaSaiseuceciem cee 435 PArApaeUrus, Sey citsieieerciaretecrs 356 Parapalemon, Ortm. ......... - 385 Paraspheroma, Steb........... 429 Parathemisto, Boeck. ........+. 476 Pavatyphis.. = sic s sicwisvasicieeniere 478 iPanidoteapsteommenmeieeieeeeee 432 Parthenope, Fabr. .........+6. 292 Pelion, Wala scterscrecieterncietoteres 202 Remplreris' Give ciretieeineciciees 178 IPEMB US WHAT. yavteyetstereisterstotohetocets 380 Pennell aia ccoctetersieteinieeiere eters 561 Percisy Klein ay. eee cre sreleeietee 191 IRepyornvoniy (CH cocoocoucooudG 324 Persephona, Leach............ 336 Petrochirus, Stimps. .......... 351 Petroscirtes, Rilpp. .........- 105 Phaenna Clause sectecienieeenc 530 IPhiloscias Gai secs cece 443 Phrontm 4), UE iisecreertercrentere: 475 Phrosinay iiss een ckeemeeeesione 477 Donte, Niet, Sosasoadacccoc 468 Dawber, JOH), Saadoaccodscs6 336 Bhylloniseus; (Pures lei -lellsieret 438 Bhyllopuss Bad weil 538 Phyllosoma, Leach .......... 375 Phymodius, A. M. Edw. ...... 299 Pilodius Dane cere eee 300 Pilumnoplax, Stimps. ........ 313 Pitimmus) each) secrete 301 IPinnotheres,; BOscwie o cleleisielcteiets 330 Plaeusia, Brow smiemietrerecratele 263 IDE aie, JME cacocoonbooGoc 322 Planes. -B0wdsnasmaciee ieee: 320 DEKE (CWS Ssogoocoo0odcdaKc 188 Platycephalus, Bloch. ...... 193, 253 Platymaia; Miers. 3.2.0.6. 4, 286 Plesionikan Bates 392 Pleuromamma, Giesb. ........ 535 Pleuroxuss Bands 2... cise cies 494 Polycheless Hells. selects ellis 25, 377 IMolkyoyoeh SU oocuccoocoonds 507 Polynemus, Grom. «jn. le 179 Pontella Dams. scm 541 Pontellinas Darts eecmicesecmieeierer 541 Pontellopsis, Brad. ......+06s 541
Index of Genera. 599
PAGE Pontharpinia, Steb. ........ 74, 452 IPONLOCYPLISs SA Sem etelrelclels <teleter= 503 Pontogeneia, Boeck. .........- 455 Pontophilus; Geach were - 383 Rorcellana, caine sitetercieitercvele 361 iPorcellidium': Cleese eee oes 544 Rorcellio waitresses 440 IPOnbumanUss IGeachvecrectsteierleroieie 305 Potamonautes, McLeay ...... 293 IBUEYE Mavis, ON Sooaodoodcuc 147 PTISEIPOM As CLV smeeeveteleye cele eter 151 IPTOGESSAIGEACIUN sel cislore itera ere ele 387 ETOLCOCY LIS, eD emueslerereaie ctrl ce 499 PSChtUSS C2evenVidilaaretertete ei ererereisie 245 Pseudeuphausia, Hans. ...... 398 Pseudodiaptomus, Herr. ...... 534 Pseudodromia, Stimps. ........ 345 Pseudorhombus, Bleek. ........ 263 Pseudoscarus, Bleek. ........-. 258 IBIS, CUS Gosoonooeccoo0KT 175 ty Chod era, seicre ois screens cre) cevess 207 Pylopagurus, Edw. d& Bow. .. 359 BY LOCYPUISSWLULL. «lcrsie1s «i clelele+ ole 518
R Inrantors,, JOC coocooaGKGONKS 15, 339 Rhinecalanus, Dan. .......... 522 Rhynchothalestris, Sars. ...... 545 RocinelanWeach) = use eccoieciec 423 s
SHIESIDE, COIs bacondoooacoob[s 106 Sapphirina, Thomps. .........- 551 Sargusy Cus = sse cess 167, 231 SAULT A, © Syerciessiciats a siaisycievesversvere 265 SHAH CVE copdoconouuocoK0s 264 ScalpellumyyGeachineccicetcrsieree- 566 Scapholeberis, Sch. .......... 491 Schizophrys, Whit. .........- 292 SGIs0T1 Direys cpetsvene orsierstelevelctepe els-ciets 183 Scyramathia, A. M. Hdw. .... 289 Scolecithricella, Sars. ........ 529 Scolecithrix :Brade seesse cess 529 SComiberylitiamecsiteieeiais cere 190, 246 SCOLPMMA PLL) avo ele <tsleletoicieyor 236 coos, CUD, Walls Gaoooconocuc 162 Scottocheres, Giesb. .......... 557 svlley, GB IEEHIS ao600bB00000cr 308 Seyllarides yy Grllewecci/clelelersle 29, 372 Sergestes, MW. Hdw. .......-.. 380 Seriolichthy sms terse cies cel leer 245 SeRHaTeh SHO) cocooncondooseGs 320 SetellawDant a wera ice ccwrers ese: 543 SHUEY), CUS oocconnacDood0E 192 Simosay Norns cretereleie rele rere) ste 491 Soléa; Kleine Piers cecterersve ciao e's 261 Spheromay Bose.) jocielelecle 49, 427 Spheronella, Sal. ............ 562
Sphyreena, Art. .........00- 195, 255
PAGE Sphyriony Cv: eae) ele 560 quill ay Maree ope lore eelelslelereters 44, 405 SLenoOcionops; Gea?’ <.. s.1-1-)-tele)- 291 Slenocy pris, Sars. cele steelers 500 StenothoesDanaamieeeaeeee eee 453 Streptocephalus, Baird. ...... 482 Stylocheiron, Sars............- 400 Synaptura, Cant. o.. cece. 262 Synidotea, Harg. .......-.... 433 ie Talorehestian Danes ce cceneces 459 ihaiony, Jil ooocuonocCooos 534 Metrachitaws CRiumeseeeceecices 570 Metralliay ane ctor elite OOD Tetrathyrus, Claus. .......... 478 ANoeWMeMIE, JERR, ShooucoSoDod 309 hera pons C2vemerreseteie teres 150 Thysanopoda, M. Edw. ...... 396 Thysanoessa, Brandt. ........ 399 EPMO ISULG sy ote) 2/cie.s!ovelayooteters sie 79, 45 DiSbe Et 5 ects ctecdeie o'siey sie totes 544 Pitanay-BoelAands | veloc lela ste chee 438 EV LOSspA UMS satelciereis cl olsteiels: Selakate 439 PylosuLUsy COCHmaseiselectee seit 265 Mrachynotus; lideonsctjalelet-i-clores 187 AUTAPCZ1 BGC Temes leloreteteleeceistorere 303 Aba arnpe, IAW, sogaooan606c 238 Trichodactylus, Latr. ........ 295 Pripterygium,, Ris. sass 140 Trischizostoma, Boeck. ...... 59, 448 Dryphosa, Boeck: css cess 55, 450 Tobicinell aaeiamamee escent 573 U Wis IDNA GagnmonogancGo5ouC 327 Wimbrinay Cuvee cece 181 Undeucheta, Giesb. .......... 526 Wpeneoides) <3 si---ie1-1- goancac 163 Wipemeusy Cuvee eeweers 163, 229 Wpogebis, eaciae act-rerle:risirele 370 Uranoscopus; Cuvee acaci cle 190 UWroptychuss endo cc sciecit 365 Vv.
Varuna, M. Edw. ..... siete vorstere 319 Walbili splay Hiya eteletetorerrrelotets 474 xX WanthosiZeach meee vsetlerecieterers 297 Xanthocalanus, Giesb. ........ 530 Xestoleberis, Sars. ....... sooo ails
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VOLUME VI. PART II. contacning :— 2.—The Blenniide of South Africa. By J, D. F. Ginourist, M.A., D. Sc., Pu. D.; and W. Warptaw TxHompson.
3.—Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. By J. D. F. Gincurist, M.A., D.Sc., Po.D.; and W. Warpuaw THompson.
4.—On Two New Species of Ptychodera (P. proliferans and P. natalensis). By J. D. F. Giucurist, M.A., D.Sc., Pu.D.
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-§.—Description of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. (Part Il.) By J. D. F. Gincnrist, M.A., D.Sc., Ph.D., and W. WarpLtaw TxHompson, F.Z.S.
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