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ANNALS

7/

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%

OF THE

TRANSVAAL MUSEUM

Index to Vol. II.

f*T % ^ : 1 ^ -

.2.4-1 63 I

ai

MEDEDELINGEN

VAN HET

TRANSVAAL MUSEUM

Bladwijzer van Deel II.

PRETORIA:

BUCKLEY & VAN DUYN, PRINTERS

m

INDEX TO VOL. II.

A

abdominale (Farasiysson) 143

ablabophis 57

Ablepharus 40, 56, 62, 63, 64, 90

Abrostomus 251

acanthocercoides (Leydigia) 255

Acanthodon ... ... 74

Aciptilus 3

Acoenitini 180, 181

Acontias 38, 63, 66, 67, 70

Acronus 180

aculeata (Agama) 59

acutiangulatus (Pom pi Jus) 125

acutilabris (EVIabwia) 62, 90, 100

Adaina 219

adamasta (Tinea) 27

ADELIOAE ... 28, 239

adspersa (Rana) 57

adumbratus (Pterophorus) 3

aegyptiaca (Simaethis) 26

aegyptium (Sceliphron) 136

aenea (Chamaesaura) ... 34, 37, 56, 71

afer (Rhoptropus) 58, 81, 88

affins (Pachydactylus) 87

africana (Leydigia) 255

africana (Oedura) 78, 86

africanum (Rhynchium) 163

africanus (ApasiteSes) 206, 207

africanus (Yetradactylus) 62, 103, 105, 106

Agama 39, 56, 57, 59, 67, 70

AGAMIDAE ... ... ... 59

aganopa (SViendesia) 234

aganopis (Prosarotra) 23

AGATHID1NAE ... ... 205

Agdistis ... ... ... 4

Agenia ... ... ... ... 127

agria (Melasina) ... ... ... ... 27

alaris (Discolia) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 120

albigularis (Varamig) ... 60

albilabris (SVIesostenus) ... ... ... 177, 178

albisectus (Sphex, Parasphex) 138

albopilosella (Astata) ... 130

Alriada ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 176, 177

Alucita ... 3

ALYSIINAE ... ... ... ... ... ... 212

ambigua (Prosymna) ... ... ... ... 73

ambitiosus (Pterophorus) 220

ammonias (Pterophorus) ... 3

Ammophila 133

Amorphota 185

Amphisbaena ... 38, 60, 69

AMPHISBAENSDAE ... 60

Ampulex 140

Anacampsis ... ... 11, 14

Anaplasma ... 55

anchiala (Gephyristis) 27

anchietae (ChamaeEeoin) 67

anchietae (EVionopeltis) 60

Ancylis 6

ancyloneurus (Pompilus) 123

Androna ... 185, 186

ANELYTROPIDAE 63

angolensis (Rana) 57

anguina (Chamaesaura) 34, 37

anguina (Herpetosaura) 63, 97, 98

angulifer (Ghondrodactydus) 77, 82, 85

annulata (Lienefla) 179

annulicornis (IVSacrocentrus) 211

anomalus (Gordaianthus) ... 169

antennata (Microschismus) 222

anulatum (Piroplasma) ... ... 53

Apanteles ... 206

Aporus 128

appendiculatus (Rhipicephalus) ... ... 50

arenicola (Herpetosaura) 63, 102

areolata (Gasterotheca) 202

Arge ... ... .. 173

argentata (Ammophila) 136

argenteovestita (Tachytes) ... 130

argillosa (Fhyllobrostis) 237

Argyroploce 9, 228

Argyrotoxa ... 224

arietans (Bstis) ... ... ... 57

Aristotelia 229

armata (Agama) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 59

afmaticeps (Gerceris) ... 149

arofcraea (Brachmia) ... 14

ASGLEPIADAGEAE ... 47

assecula (Pharmacis) 5, 223

assimilis (Helioryctes) 143

Astata ... 130

ater (Melanoseps) ... 63, 92, 102

aterrima (Larrada) ... ... ... ... 130

aterrima (Notogonia)

Athalia

atomosa (Marasmarcha) ...

atra (Agama)

Atractaspis

atricollis (Agama) 56,

aulotes (Pselnophorus)

aurantiacus (Typhlosaurus) 63,

auriferella (Stathmopoda)

auritus (Gerrhosaurus) 103, 104,

auropilosus (Gratocenis us)

australis (Leydigia)

B

Babesia

Bactra 8,

Bacuma 194,

barathrodes (Paristhmia)

Barbaroscardia

barbitias (Epicephala) 24,

basiornata (Androna) 186,

Bassini ...

Bassus

Batrachedra

Bedellia

bellatulus (Odynerus)

belli (IVIoina)

bellicosa (Opostega) ...

Belonogaster

Bembex ...

bergi (Gerrhosaurus)

betschuanicus (Hadogenes)

bibroni (Atractaspis)

bibroni (Pachydactylus) ... 58, 62, 79,

bibroni (Typhiops)

bicolor (Hadogenes)

bicolor (Sceiotes) ... 63, 92, 97,

bigeminum (Piroplasma)

49, 50, 53, 54,

bigeminum (Pirosoma) ...

bimaculata (IMinanga)

bipes (Sceiotes) 63, 91, 98, 101,

bitaeniatus (CHamaeleon)

Bitis

bjerkandrella (Chore utis)

BLAGINAE

Elacus

Boodon

Boophilus

Bosmina

bottegi (Gerrhosaurus)

bovis (Piroplasma)

Braehmia ... ... 13, 14,

brachyura (Agama)

Bracon 192,

BRAGONIDAE 192, 206

BRACQNSNAE 192

braconnieri (Rhoptropus) 81, 85, 88

BRANCHIOP0DA 253

bretoni (Pompilus) 123

brevibasana (Argyroploce) 9

brevicarinata (Notogonia) 131

breyeri (Tetradactylus) 62, 103, 105

Brookesia 68

broomi (Zethus) 156

Broteas 253

brunniceps (Pseudogenia) 128

Bucculatrix 237

bucolica (Gnorimoscherrta) 13

Bufo 57

burchelli (Eremias) ... 61, 107, 110, 114
C

caecus (Typhlosaurus) 63

caeruleornata (Ammophila) 135

caffer (Ghamaeleon) ... 63, 70

caffer (Sceiotes) 63, 91, 98, 101

calcaria (Phyllobrostis) 237

calida (Synagris) 160

calliarma (Eucosma) 8

Campoplegini 183, 190

Campoplex 183

cana (Pseudaspis) 57

canis (Piroplasma) 50, 54

capense (Lycophidium) 57

capensis (Ammophila) ... 136

capensis (Bembex) 144, 145

capensis (Chaicis) 215

capensis (Dielis) 121

capensis (Eremias) 61, 107, 110, 111, 114

capensis (Eurytoma) 216

capensis (Icaria) 155

capensis (Ichnotropis) ... ...

58, 61, 108, 112, 114

capensis (Lygodactylus)

56, 58, 70, 79, 82, 86

capensis (SVlonopeltis) 60, 69

i capensis (Osprynchotus) 176

capensis (Pachydactylus)

56, 80, 83, 84, 87

j capensis (Platysaurus) 31, 38

| capensis (Sceiotes) 63, 91, 101

capensis (Zonurus) 33, 36, 60

captiva(Cnephasia) 224

Caralluma 47

carens (Bufo) 57

carinifrons (Paracollyria) 181

carolinae (Ghydorus) 255

Cassina 57

cataphractus (Zonurus) 33, 36

130

174

220

59

57

59

219

70

232

105

213

255

241

227

195

13

27

234

189

192

192

235

237

167

253

236

155

144

62

42

57

87

57

42

102

55

53

202

106

64

57

26

209

209

5#

54

253

62

54

232

59

194

3

cathareuta (Bedellia)

Causus ... ...

celyphodes (Sitotroga)

Cerceris

Ceriodaphnia ...

Ceromitia

certifica (Orneodus)

CHALCIDIDAE

Chalcis

chalybeum (Sceliphron)

Chamaeleon 38, 56, 63, 64, 67

CHAMAELEONTIDAE

Ch&maesaura ... 34, 40, 56, 60,

chelias (Laspeyresia)

CHELON1NAE

chelonitis (Elachista)

Chelonus ... ...

chimbana (Mabuia) 90,

Chirindia 38, 61,

chloristis (Tineola)

Chlorophis ...

Chondrodactylus 39, 58, 59, 77

Choreutis

Chydorus

cincta (Icaria) .. ... ...

cinctipes (Opisthopatus)

cirrhacma (Opostega)

Cladocera

claviculata (Trichotaphe)

clypeatus (Pison)

commodus (Pompilus)

Cnephasia

Coelalysia

coeruleus (Elanus)

Coleophora

colonorum (Agama)

Colopus 39, 58, 59, 69,

colubratus (Pterophorus)

cometa (Scythris)

congrualis (Trichoptilus) 1,

conica (Spilonota)

Copepoda

Copobathra

Cordaianthus ...

Cordaispermum ...

Cordaites

Cordylosaurus 40, 62, 65, 69,

cordylus (Zonurus) 31, 32, 33, 60, 71,
COS MO PTE RYG I DAE 18

Cosmopteryx

Crabro ...

Crassomicrodus

Cratocentrus

cregoi (Typhlosaurus) 63,

erepuscularis (Marasmarcha) ...

crepuscularis (Pterophorus)

GRYPTINAE 176

! Cryptini 176, 177

Cryptolechia ... 233

crystallista (Epiphthora) 229

ctenias (Microschismus) 222

Ctenochares ... 176

ctenodactyla (Scapteira) ... 61, 109, 115

euneirostris (Scapteira) 61, 109, 115

curvicarinata (Phanerotoma) 204

curvimaculata (Phanerotoma) 203

curvimaculatus (Chelonus) 201

curvinervis (Crassomicrodus) 205

Cyclocormus 209

Cyclops ... 253

cylindricus (Labeo) 251

GYPRtNIDAE 251

Cypris 253

Cystignathid 45

CYSTIGN ATHI D AE 45

CYSTIGNATHINAE 45

D

Dactychilikion ... ... 85

Dactylethra 231

damaranus (Chamaeleon) 64, 70

Daphnia 253

Dasypeltis 57

decoloratus (Boophilus) 54

dedjas (Salius) 122

delalandi (Rana) 57

delalandi (Nucras) 61, 108, 111, 112, 114

Demobrotis 27

densepilosella (Amorphota) 185

denticeps (Pison) 153

denticollis (Dolichurus) 141

depressa (Mabuia) 62, 93, 99

| depressa (Scapteira) 61, 109, 115

| Depressaria 22

desidiosus (Pompilus) 124

| determinatus (Odynerus) 163

dewitzii (Stizus) 144

Diaptomus 253

didactyla (Ghamaesaura) 34, 37

Didactylota ... ... 229

Dielis 120

dilepis (Chamaeleon) 64, 67

Diocosma 22

Diplodactylus 65, 67, 70

dirce (Arge) ... 174

direptalis (Platyptilia) 218

Discolia ... 119

Disophrys 205

Dispholidus 57

distanti (Glauconia) 57

ditiorana (Glyphipteryx) 26

237

57

10

148

253

239

4

213

214

137

69

63

65

229

200

25

200

100

70

238

57

82

26

253

155

44

237

253

17

153

125

224

212

,248

235

57

81

3

21

218

225

253

238

169

169

169

103

37

232

18

151

205

213

70

219

4

4

dolichocephala ( Ammophila) ... ... ...

Dolichurus

dorsalis (Homorelaps) ... ... ... ... ...

Doryctini 199,

durbanensis (Iphianlax) ... ... ... ...

E

Ebenavia ... ... ... ... ...

Eccopsis

Elachista ... ... 25,

ELACHBSTIDAE ... ... ... ... 25,

Elanus ...

Elasmodactylus 39, 58, 59,

encaeria (Lithocoiletis)

Encolpotis ...

Enieospilus

Epermenia 25,

Epicephala 24,

Epichorista 5, 6,

Epiphthora

Epithectis

equi (Piroplasma) ...

erebus (Sphex) ...

Eremias 40, 56, 61, 67, 69,

Eretmocera

eretmota (Limnoecia)

ergastularis (Gnephasia)

erythraspis (Stizus)

erythropus (Disophrys) ...

erythrospila (Oerceris) ...

erythropyga (Diseolia)

erythrostomus (Myzine)

erythrostomus (Rhogas) 195,

erythrourus (Anoplius, Pompilogastra)
erythrourus (Pompilus)

Estheria

Eucosma 6,

EUCOSMIDAE 6,

Eukoebelea ... 216,

Eumenes ... ...

EUMENIDAE ...

Euplocamus ...

Euprepes ...

eurydoxa (Polyhymno)

eurygaster (Apanteles) 206,

euryspilus (Odynerus)

Eurytoma

EURYTOMBNAE

evertsi (Rhipicephalus)

Exothecini

exstincta (Geiechia)

F

facilis (Bucculatrix)

fallax (Rhynchium) 162

fasciata (Barbaroscardia) ... ... ... ... 27

fasciata (Ran a) ... ... ... 57

fasciatus (Pachydactylus) ... ... 79, 83, 87

favillaceus (Zettius) ... ... ... 156

ferrugineipes (Ammophila) ... 133

flaviceps (Androna) ... ... 186, 187

flavigularis (Gerrhosaurus)

56, 57, 62, 66, 67, 103, 105

flavolineatus (Philanthus) ... ... ... ... 147

flavo-orbitalis (Androna) ... 186, 189

flavo-orbitalis (Pimplomorpha) 188

flavo-ornata (Raphiglossa) ... 156

florifera (Eretmocera) ... ... 21

fluida (Nepticula) 236

Foersteria 204, 205

formosus (Pachydactylus) ... ... 80, 84, 87

fortis (BVIacrembola 5

frangulella (Bucculatrix) 237

Frogs ... ... 57

fuelleborni (Ohamaeleon) 64

fumipennis (Bacuma) ... 195

furcatus (Psammophis) 57

furfurosus (Pterophorus) ... 220

furtiva (Tortrix) 223

fuscicornis (Androna) 186, 188

fuscinervis (Apanteles) 206, 207

G

garrulus (Ptenopus) 58, 70, 78, 85

Gastrotheca 201

GEGK0M1DAE 58, 65, 77

Geiechia 12, 231

GELECHIADAE ... ... ... ... 10, 229

gentilis (Adaina) 219

Gephyristis 27

geraeas (Epichorista) 5

GERRH0SAIJRSOAE 62, 77, 102

Gerrhosaurus 39, 56, 57, 62, 65, 66, 67, 102

giganteus (Zonurus) 33, 35, 60

Glaucoma 57

Glossopteris ... ... 169

Gnorimoschema 12

Gorytes 143

GRAGSLARSADAE 24, 234

gracilis (Ohamaeleon) 67

gracilis (Hadogenes) ... 41, 42

gracilis (Typhlacontias) 63, 92, 102

grammica (Sepsina) 63, 92, 102

grandinosa (Nepticula) ... 236

grandis (Gerrhosaurus) ... ... ... ... 62, 104

granosa (Batrachedra) 235

granti (fVBonopeltis) 60

granulatus (Hadogenes) 42

grisea (Belonogaster) ... ... ... 155

135

141

57

200

192

59

9

233

233

248

81

234

13

182

236

234

224

229

230

50

139

106

21

20

225

144

205

148

120

117

196

124

124

253

226

225

217

156

156

239

99

15

207

166

215

215

242

200

231

237

5

gruetzneri (HVSabuia) 62, 89, 94,

guentheri(SceI©tes; . , 63, 91, 98,

gunningi (Hadogenes) 41,

gutbieri (Cordaisperrnum) ...

guttatus (PSatysaurus) ... 29, 30, 31,

gutturalis (Chamaeleon)

Gymnobracon

gymnoplea (Copepoda)

gypsophila (ESachista) ...

H

Hadogenes ... ... 41,

haemachates (Sepedon) ... ...

haemorrhoidalis (Liris)

Haemoproteus

haie (Naia)

halisparta (Ancylis)

haimodes (Coleophora)

halmyris (Laspeyresia) ... ...

Harpactids

Harpactopus ...

havelandi (Ipfaianlax)

hebetata (Bactra) ...

hectaea (Argyrotoxa)

Hednophora

Heleophryne

Helioryctes ... ...

Hemidactylus 39, 58, 64,

hemionana (Epiehorista) ...

Hemitelini ... ...

Heniscospilus

Herpetosaura 38, 63, 70, 92, 97,

heterospila (Cerceris) ...

heterotrichia (Discolia)

Hieroxestis

hilaris (Salius) ...

bimantopus (Athalia) ...

hirsutus (Salius) ... ... ...

hispida (Agama) ... ... 59,

hispida, var. distant! (Agama) ... 56,

hoeflingii (Philanthus) ...

Holcichneumon

Holcochalcis ... ... ... ...

holubi (Agama) ...

homalocephala (Mafouia)

62, 71, 89, 93, 95,

Homalosoma

Homonotus

Homopholis ... 39, 58, 59, 65, 67, 70, 79,

Homorelaps

hoplogaster (Chlorophis)

H0RSVH I N AE ... ... ... ... ... ...

Hormius

hotamboeia (Leptodira) ... ...

Huebneri

Hypercallia ... ...

I

Icaria 155

Ichneumon ... 174

1CHNEUMONIDAE ... ... ... ... ... ... 174

Ichneumonini 174

Ichnotropis ... 40, 56, 61, 67, 108

Idarnes 217

I D ARMS N AE ... ... ... 216

immaculatus (SVIyzine) ... ... 117

incultana (Polychrosis) ... ... 228

indecorus (Odynerus) ... 166

inornata (Eremias) 61, 107, 109, 113

inornatus (Scelotes) ... 63, 91, 97, 98, 102

insolens (Eucosma) 7

intermedius (Platysaurus) 30

invidiosus (Pterophorus) ... 220

iocoma (Epiehorista) 6

ionephela (Epichorista) 6, 224

iospila (Paltodora) 10

Iphianlax 192

irenensis (Salius) 122

ironica (Trschotaphe) ... ... 17

ischhozona (Palaetheta) 24

Isodonta 139

isogramma (Eucosma) ... 8

ivensii (Mabusa) 62

J

jacksoni (GhamaeSeon) ... 64

jamisieri (Salius) 122

Jansea 129

Jansei (Ampulex) ... 140

jansei (Gerceris) 149, 150

jansei (Potnpilus) ... 124

jansei (Sphex isodonta) ... 139

janseii (Eumenes) . 157

jonesii(Zonurus) 31, 32, 33, 36, 56

juncea (Belonogaster) ... 156

justifica (Scythris) 233

K

kirki (Agama) ... 59, 70, 71

klugii (Ammophila) ... ... ... ... 136

knoxii (Scapteira) 61, 108, 115

L

Labeo 251

LAGER? I DAE ... ... 61, 77, 106

laetatorius (Bassus) ... 192

laevigatum (Sceliphron) ... 137

laevigatus (Paehydactyius) ......... 79, 87

laevia (Xenopus) . ... 57

99

102

42

169

38

64

200

253

233

42

57

133

249

57

6

235

9

253

139

192

227

224

232

45

142

78

5

178

181

99

150

119

26

122

174

122

67

59

146

175

215

59

99

57

127

82

57

57

195

195

57

222

22

6

Lamblia ... ... 248,

lamprostoma (B rachitis a)

Laspeyresia 9,

laterale (Rhynchium)

lateralis (Chamaeleon)

lathridia (Telphusa)

latimaculata (Androna) 186,

latisulcatus (Macrocentrus) 210,

laureata (Ceromitia)

Lecithocera ...

Leendertziae (Garalluma)

leendertziae (Stapelia)

lepeletieri (Eumenes)

leptacanthius (Pompilus)

Leptodira ...

Leucoptera

leucotrichius (Aporus)

levilabris (Sphex)

Leydigia 253,

libraria (Orneodes)

libropis (Nemophora)

Lienella

lienigianus (Pterophorus)

Lievella ...

Limnoecia 20,

lineaticollis (Salius)

lineatus (Acantias) 63, 91, 96,

lineatus var. grayi (Acantias) ... 91,

lineatus (Boodon)

lineatus (PhyHodactylus) ... 58, 78,

lineatus (Typhlosaurus) 63, 69,

lineocellata (Eremias)

56, 61, 107, 109, 110,

liochra (Melasina)

Liris ...

lissonotum (Trypoxylon)

lissonotus (Mesostenus)

lissostoma (Oncochalcis)

Listrodromini

Lithocolletis

Lizards 56,

longalis (Stenoptilia)

longicandis (Vipio) ... ... ... ...

longicornis (Silavoga)

longihirtus (Pompilus)

longipes (Ichnotropis) 61, 108,

longirostris (Bosmina)

longirostris (Bosmina) var. africana

australis,

longitarsis (Jansea)

longiventris (Sphex)

lucasia (Eumenes) 156,

ludovicus (Ammophila)

lugubris (Eremias) el, 106,

luminata (Stathmopoda)
lutea (Coelalysia) ... ...

luteipennis (Sphex) 137

luteus (Cyclocormus) 209

I luteus (Macrocentrus) 210, 211

lutrix (Homaiosoma) 57

Lycophidium 57

Lygodactylus 39, 56, 58, 59, 65, 78

Lygosoma 40, 56, 62, 63, 64, 90

mabouia (Hemidactylus) ... 58, 70, 78, 86

Mabuia ... 40, 56, 57, 62, 63, 69, 88

... ~ J W ? J f

maceratus (Trichoptilus) 2

Macrembola 5

MAGROGENTRINAE 210

Macrocentrus 210, 211

macrolepis (Ghamaesaura) ... 34, 37, 60

macrolepis (Homopholis) ... 79, 82, 86

Macrothrix 253

maculata (Brachmia) 13

maculata (Lecithocera) 13

maculatus (Pachydactylus) ... 80, 84, 87

maculifrons (Ammophiia) 134

maculinoda (Eumenes) 156

maeulipennis (Polistes) 155

maculiventris (Bocuma) 195

madeirae (Psammophila) 136

major (Gerrhosaurus) ... 62, 102, 104, 105

major A.Dum var. grandis Boul

(Gerrhosaurus) 102, 105

malacodes (Eucosma) 226

malacogramma (Brachmia) 14, 232

malitiosa (Agdistis) 4

Marasmarcha 219

marginale (Anaplasma) 55

marginalis (Polistes) 155

marginea (Tischeria) ... 238

marginiscutis (Rhynchium) 162, 163

mariquensis (Pachydactylus) ... 81, 85, 87

marmara (Eucosma) 8

marmoratus (PhyHodactylus) 58, 86

marshalli (Rhampholeon) 64

maxillosa (Eumenes) 156

Meira 117

melananthae (Caralluma) 47

melanaria (Discolia) ... •. 120

melanarius (Acronus) 180

melanatracta (Paltodora) 10

melanocephalus (Chamaeleon) 64

melanocera (Gastrotheca) 201

melanoctis (Paniscus) 190, 191

melanopus (Vipio) 193

melanopyrus (Helioryctes) 143

Melanoseps 38, 63, 65, 66, 67, 70, 92

melanospila (Cerceris) 150

melanospilus (Rhogas) 196, 197

249

14

229

163

67

. 11

188

212

239

13

47

168

158

126

57

26

128

137

255

221

28

179

221

178

232

121

101

96

57

81

70

113

27

132

152

178

215

176

234

63

221

133

190

125

115

253

254

129

137

160

133

113

232

212

7

Melasina 27, 239

meleagris (Acontias) 63, 91, 96, 101

Mendesia 234

menodora (Copobathra) 238

mentomarginatus (Pachydactylus)

80, 84, 87

meruensis (Eumenes) 153

meruensis (Isodonta) 139

mesacta (Gelechia) 12

Mesostenini ... 177

metallica (Sphex) 139

Metzneria 231

meyeri (Rhynchium) 163

microdactyla (Adaina) 219

Microgaster 207

SVIICROGASTERINAE 206

microlepidotus (Pseudocordylus)

34, 37, 71

raicroschismus ... 222

Mimeseoptilus 2

Minanga 202

mira (Herpetosaura) 63, 92, 102

mirabilis (Synagris) 160

Moina 253

molopias (Platyptilia) 2, 218

Mompha 21

monitrix (Eucosma) 7

Monopeltis 38, 60, 69, 70

montana (Tropidosaura) 108, 114

mossambica (Agama) 59, 70

muris (Lamblia) 249

rautans (Babesia) 241, 245

mutans (Piroplasma) ... 49, 50, 241

SVIYZlINiDAE ... ... ... ... ... H7

Myzine 117

. N

Naia 57

namaquensis (Eiasmodactylus) ... 81, 88
namaquensis (Eremias) ... 61, 113, 107, 109
namaquensis (Chamaeleon) 64, 67, 69, 70

nasuta (Ammophila) 136

natalensis (Chlorophis) 57

natalensis (Eurytoma) 216

natalensis (vPaniscus) 191

natalensis (Phrynobatrachus) 57

natalensis (Rana) 57

nebulosa (Ampulex) ...• 141

Nemophora • 28

Nephrurus 59

Nepticula 236

nerteria (Anacampsis) 11

nesiastis (Tineola) 239

neurogramma (Limnoecia) 20

nigellus (Stasimopus) 75

niger (A cron us) 180

nigroeandis (Paniscus) 191

nigrolineatus (Gerrhosaurus) 103

nigro-ornatus (IVIacrocentrus) 211

nigro-ornata (Pimplomorpha) 184

nigropilosellus (Liris) 132

niloticus (Varanus) 56, 57, 60

nitida (Foersteria) ... 204

nitidisentis (Valoga) 178

nivaria (Oedura) 78, 86

nobilis (Stapelia) 168

Nothris 16

Notogonia 130

Nucras 40, 56, 61, 67, 107, 111

nymphaea (Elachista) 233

O

occidentalis (Mabuia) ... 62, 69, 89, 94, 99

ocellatus (Lygodactylus) ... 58, 79, 82, 86

ocellatus (Pachydactylus) ... 58, 81, 85, 88

ocellatus (Rhoptropus) 58, 81, 88

ochrantha (Scythris) 22

ochrocosma (Epithectis) 230

Odynerus 163

GECOPHORIDAE 22, 232

Oedura ... 39, 58, 59, 66, 78

olivata (Bembex) 144

Oncochalcis 215

O’Neili (Gerceris) 150

Onycophora 44

operosa (Paltodora) 10

OPHIONINAE ... 181, 190

Ophionini 181

Opisthopatus 44

Opogona ... 26, 238

Opostega 236

opsarias (Cnephasia) 224

ornaticollis (Agenia) 128

ornativentris (Eumenes) 157

Orneodes : 4, 221

ORNEOOSOAE 4, 221

orthacta (Argyroploce) 228

oshaughnessyi (Pachydactylus) 80, 84, 87

Osmophila 200

Osprynchotus ... 176

©STRAGQDA ,. 253

ovata (Stenoma) 24

ovulata (Thriophora) 231

oxyglossa (Cosmopteryx) 18

oxypora (Procometis) 23

Oxyptilus 218

P

Pachydactylus 39, 56, 58, 59, 62, 65, 67, 79

pacifica (Marasmarcha) ... 220

pacificatrix (Plesia) 118

§

Palaetheta ...

palinorsa (Polyhymtio) ... ... ...

pallidiceps (Heniscospilus) ...

pallidipalpis (Rhogas) 196,

pallidipes (Pha&isrotoma) ...

pallidipilosella (OiscoSia) ...

pallidistigmas (SVIacroeentrus) ... 210,

palliditarsis (Eurytoma)

pallidiventris (Vipio) ... ... ...

Palmatogecko 38, 58, 59, 69,

Paltodora

panchlora (Brachmia)

Paniscini

Paniscus ... ...

paracma (Polyhymtio) ... ... ...

Paracollyria

Parapsectris

Paranysson ...

Parasphex

Parexaula ...

Paristhmia

parva (Babesia)

parva (Theileria)

52, 241, 242, 244, 245,

parvum (Piroplasma) 49, 50, 53,

Passaloecus ... ...

pausimacha (Polyhymtio)

pavida (HVIarasmai'cha)

pelochyta (Scythns)

pelopiiformis (Sphex)

Pelopoeus ... 136,

penetratus (Odynerus)

Pepsis

perfidiosum (Rhytichium)

PERILASV1PSBAE ... ... ... ...

Perilampus

peringueyi NSabuia) 62, 89, 93,

peronectis (Oelechia) ... ... ...

phaeochalca (Hieroxestis)

phalacra (Sfagmatophora)

PHALONI AD AE ... ... ... 5,

Phanerotoma

pharetrata (Tortrix) ... ... ... ... ... ...

Pharmacis 5,

Phasgonophora

Phelsuma ... ... ... ... ... 58, 59,

Philanthus

Photodotis

phragmitella (Listinoeeia)

Phrynobatrachus

Phvllobrostis

Phyllodactylus ... 39, 58, 59, 66,

phyrsima (Geromitia)

Pictus (Belotiogaster)

pictus (Bracoti)

pictus (Iphianlax)

Pimplomorpha ... ... ... ... 184, 186

Piroplasma 49, 241

Pirosoma 53

Pison 152

planiceps (Agama) 59

Platypholis 65, 67, 70

Platyptilia ... 2, 218

Platysaurus 29, 31, 40, 60

plebeia (Polistes) 155

Plesia 118

pleurilineatus (Rhogas) 196, 197

Pleurcmeurophion 183

piumbeus (Acontias) ... 63, 70, 91, 96, 101

PLUTELLJDAE ... 25, 235

Podoplea (Copepoda) 253

Polistes 155

Polychrosis 9, 228

Polyhymno 14

Polyzonus (Zonurus) 33, 36

POMP8LIOAE ... 121

Pompilus 122, 123, 129

porphyreus (Phyllodactylus) 58, 78, 85

porthmis (Bucculatrix) 26

praefumata (Epermenia) 236

praematura (Hieroxestis) 26

pretoriae (Acanthodon) 74

pretoriaensis (Arge) 173

pretoriaensis (Iphianlax) 192

pretoriaensis (Notogonia) ... 132

primaria (Polychrosis) 9

Proactica 229

probata (Telphusa) 11

prochalina (Photodotis) 229

Procometis ... 23

prona (Tortrix) ... ... 223

propinqua (Leydigia) 255

Prosarotra ... 23

Proselena ... 6

Prosymna ... 73

proximatus (Pompilus) 126

pruinosus (PSeuroneurophion) 183

Psammophila ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 136

Psammophis 57

Pselnophorus . . ... 219

Pseudagenia 128

pseudaspis 57

Pseudocordylus 34, 39, 60

psoricodes (Tortrix) ... ... 223

Ptenopus 39, 58, 59, 69, 70, 78

PTER0PHOR! DAE ... ... 218

Pterophorus 3, 219

pulchella (Agama) ... ... ... ... 59

pulchella (Eremias) 61, 106, 109, 110, 113

pulchricollis (Ammophila) ... ... 133

pulchripennis (Eumenes) 158, 160

pumilus (OHamaeieon) ... ... ... 64

23

15

181

198

203

120

212

216

194

82

10

232

190

190

15

181

231

143

138

23

13

241

246

241

151

14

219

22

137

137

164

122

161

214

214

99

12

26

20

223

203

6

223

215

66

145

229

232

57

237

78

239

155

192

192

9

punctatus (Pachydactylus) 58, 81, 85,

purcelli (Heleophryne) ,

pustulatus (Zonurus) ... ... 33,

pycnodes (Nothris) ... ... ... ...

pyritis (Hednophora) ... ...

pyrrhanthes (Gnorimoschema) ... ...

pyrrhogastra (Epicephala) ...

Python ... ...

pythonia (Bactra) ... ... ... ...

Q

quadrangularis (Leydigia) 253,

quadridentatus (Helioryctes) ... ...

quadrifrons (Amphisbaena) 60,

quilensis (GhamaeSeon) ... ... 56, 64,

quinquecristata (Mompha)

quinquetaeniata (Mabuia)

57, 62, 70, 89, 94,

R

Rana ... ... ... ...

rangei (Palmatogecko) ... 82,

RANIDAE

Raphiglossa ...

regis (HeSeophryne) ...

regularis (Bufo)

reticulata (Plesia)

Rhacophorus \

Rhampholeon ... ... ... 38, 63, 64, 68,

Rhipicephalus ... ... ... ... 50,

RHOGABINAE

Rhogas ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

rhombeatus (Gausus)

rhombeatus (Tnmerorhinus) ... ... ...
Rhoptropus ... 39, 58, 59, 65, 69, 81,

rhothia (Spilonota)

Rhynchium ...

rhyodes (Nothris) ... ... ..

riciniata (Eueosma) ...

Robertsi (Stasimopus) ...

Rohitichthys ... ... ... ...

rosae (Labeo) ... ... ... ... ...

rotundata (Oncochalcis)

rotundistriatus (Pieuroneurophion)
rufa (Bacuma) ... ...

rufa (Disophrys)

ruficeps (Osprynchotus)

ruficollis (Paracollyria) ...

ruficornis F. (Discoiia) ...

ruficornis, var. melanaria, Gribodo ...

(Discofia)

rufipennis (Belonogaster) ...

rufipennis (Sphex)

rufolineata (Eumenes)

rufoscapus (Chelonus)

rufus (Enieospilus) ... ... ... 183

rufus (Xenolobus) ... ... 200

rufulus (Ablabophis) ... 57

rugosus (Pachydactylus) 80, 84

S

Sabia (Platyptilia) ... ... ... ... ... 2

sabius (Mimeseoptilus) 2

Salius ... ... 121

sanguinis (Latnblia) ... 248, 249, 250

sarcopa (Prosarotra) ... ... ... ... 23

saurota (Batrachedra) ... 236

scabra (Dasypeltis) ... 57

scaleuta (Coleophora) 235

scaligera (Gosmopteryx) 18

scammatias (Leucoptera) 26

Scapteira ... 40, 61, 67, 69, 70, 108

scatospila Eretmocera) 21

sceletias (SVlicroschismus) ... 222

Sceliphron 136

Scelotes 38, 63, 91, 97

scenica(Eucosma) 227

SGINGSDAE 62, 65, 77, 88

sclerodes (Stagmatophora) ... 19

SGOL8IDAE ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 119

scripticeps (Gdynerus) ... ... 167

scrupulosa (Bactra) ... ... ... 227

SGYTHRI D AE ... 21, 233

Scythris 21, 233

sebae (Python) 57

secutor (Oxyptilus) 218

semiannulatus (Tarbophis) 57

Semodictis ... ... ... 16

senegalensis (Gassina) ... ... ... 57

Sepedon ... ... ... ... ... 57

Sepophis ... ... 67

seps (Tetradactylus) 62, 103, 105

Sepsina ... ... 38, 63, 65, 66, 67

serripes (Scapteira) 61, 109, 115

sibilans (Psammophis) ... ... 57

siccella (Bactra) ... ... 8

S1GALPHINAE ... 204

Sigalphus ... ... 205

signiferum (Rynchium) ... 160

Silavoga ... ... ... ... ... 190

Simaethis ... ... 26

simillimus (Grabro) ... ... ... ... 151

Simosa ... 253

sincera (Hypercallia) ... 22

sistrata (Argyroploce) ... ... 228

Sitotroga 10

smithii (Euprepes) ... ... 99

smithii (Polistes) 155

Snakes ... ... 57

I somnulentella (Bedellia) 238

88

45

36

17

233

13

234

57

9

255

142

69

70

21

99

57

88

45

156

45

57

118

45

70

242

195

195

57

57

85

226

160

16

226

74

251

251

215

183

194

205

176

181

120

120

156

137

156

200

10

spectrum (Mygnimia)

spectrum (Saisus) ...

SPHEGIDAE

Sphenophyllum ...

sphenorhynchus (SVionopeltss) 60,

Sphex ... ...

spicifera (Orneodes)

spilaspis (Philanthus) 145,

spoliatus (Odynerus)

• spilocera (Eumenes) 159,

spilocephala (Alriada) ...

Spilonota

spilopus (Androna) 186,

spinolae (PeSopoeus)

spinolae, var. rufo-pictus (Pelopoeus)

spinolae (Sceliphron)

spirifex (Pelopoeus) ...

spirifex (Sceliphron)

Spirochaeta

spissana (Polychrosis)

spodochtha (Stagmatophora)

Spoliatus (Homonotus)

squamulosa (Ichnotropis) 61, 67, 108,

Stagmatophora

stangeri (Mabuia) ... 62,

Stapelia ... ... ... •••

Stasimopus ••

Stathmopoda 21,

Stegasta

Stenodactylus

Stenoma ...

STENOMIOAE ... ... ... ... ...

Stenoptilia •

stigmatica (Pharmacis) ...

stironotum (Rhychium) ... ... ... ...

Stizus ••

Streptocephalus

Striata (BVSabuia) 56, 62, 70, 90, 94, 95,
striatifrons (Passaloecus) ... ... ... ...

striatifrons (Rhogas) ... ... 196,

stupea (Wfelasitia) ...

suborbitalis (Eremias) ... ... 61, 107,
subtessellatus (Cordylosaurus) ... ...

103, 105,

sulcata (Mabuia) ... ... ... 62, 90, 94,
sundervalli (Lygosoma) ... ... ... ... ...

56, 62, 70, 90, 95,

symbola (Eucosma) ... ... ... ...

Symphanes

Sunagris •••

synecta (Gnorimoschema)

T

taeniobronchus (Ghamaeleon) ... ... ...

Tachytes ...

Tarbophis ...

taschenbergi (Sphex) ... 139

tegularis (Odynerus) 164

Telphusa ... ... 11

Temelucha ... 25

tempeli (Ghamaeleon) 64

TENTHREDIMIDAE 173

tephrodes (Ypsolophus) 18

tessellata (Cordylosaurus) 62

tessellata (Nucras)

56, 61, 107, 111, 112, 114

testaceicauda (Bembex) 144

testaceipes (Eukoebelea) ... 216

testaceitarsis (Perilampus) ... ... 214

testaceiventris (Apanteles) 206, 208

testaceolineatus (Apanteles) 206, 208, 209
testaceus (Holcichneumon) 175

I testaceus (Hormius) 195

Tetradactylus 40, 62, 65

tetradactylus (Tetradactylus) 62, 103, 106

Tetragonaspis ... 216, 217

tetraptila (Semodictus) 16

jdieileri (Spirochaeta) ... 55

Theileria 52, 241

tholaea (Parapsectris) ... ... ... 231

thoracica F. var. aureicollis (Dielis) 120

Thriophora 231

tigrina (Argyrotoxa) ... ... ... ... ... ... 225
tigris (Ghamaeleon) ... ... ... ... ... 64, 67

timidus (Pterophorus) ... ... ... 219

tinctor (Eumenes) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 156

Tinea 27

Ti NEE DAE ... ... ... ... ... 26, 236

Tineola ... ... ... ... 238

Tiphia ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 116
T I P H 1 1 D A E ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... 116-

Tischeria ... ... 238

torquatus (Platysaurus) 31, 38, 60

TORTRIGIDAE ... ... ... ... ... ... 5, 223

Tortrix 5, 6, 223

transvaalense (Rhynchium) ... ... 162, 163
transvaalensis (Ammophila) ... ... ... 134
transvaalensis (Apanteles) ... ... 206, 208

transvaalensis (Arge) ... 174

transvaalensis (Gampoplex) ... 183

transvaalensis (Ghalcis) ... ... 214

transvaalensis (Dielis) ... ... ... ... ... 121

transvaalensis (Enieospilus) 182, 183

transvaalensis (Eurytoma) ... 215

transvaalensis (Gorytes) ... ... ... ... ... 143

transvaalensis (Ichneumon) 174

transvaalensis (Labeo) ... ... ... 251

transvaalensis (Notogonia) 131

transvaalensis (Pison) ... 152

transvaalensis (Plesia) ... 119

transvaalensis (Pleuroneurophion) ... 183
transvaalensis (Prosymna) ... ... • . 73

122

122

130

169

70

137

221

146

165

160

177

225

187.

136

136

136

136

136

55

9

19

127

115

19

99

168

75

232

12

59

24

23

4

5

161

144

253

100

151

199

239

113

106

100

100

7

212

160

12

64

.130

57

11

transvaalensis (Rhogas) 196,

transvaalensis (Sphex, Isodonta)
transvaalensis (Tiphia) ... ... ... ... ...
transvaalensis (Vipio) ... ... ... ... ...

transversus (Philanthus) ... ...

Tremula (Eucosma) ... ... ... ... ... ...
triangulum F. var. diadema

(Philanthus)

triatomea (Elachista) ... ... ... ... ...
trichiocephalus (Philanthus) ... ... ...
trichionotus (Sphex, Parasphex)

trichodora (Stathmopoda) ...

Trichoptilus

Trichotaphe ... ...

tricycla (Dioccsma) ... ... ... ...

tridactylus (Scelotes) ... 63, 91, 98,

triflua (Goleophora) ...

Trigonvura ...

trilineata (PimpSomorpha)

trimaculata (Gastrotheca) ...

trimenella (Depressaria) ...

Trimerorhinus ... ...

trispinosa (Leydigia)

tritaeniatus (Trimerorhinus)

trivittata (iVSabuia) ... ... ...

56, 62, 69, 71, 89, 93, 94,
trivittatus (Cordylosaurus) ... ... ...

62, 103, 105,

troglodytes (Hadogenes) ... ... ... ...

Tropidosaura 40, 61,

TRYPHONIDAE ... ... ... ... ...
Trypoxylon ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
tydei (Ammophila, Psammophila)
Tylognathus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Typhlacontias ... ... ... ... 38, 63, 65, 67,

Typhlops ... ...

Typhlosaurus 38, 63, 69,

typicus (Gerrhosaurus) ... ... 62, 103,

typns (Dispholidus) ...

tvr annus (Sphex, Harpactopus)

U

umbrosus (Sphex) ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Uncochalcis ... ... ... ...

undata (Eremias) ... ... ... ... 61, 106,

undulata (Melasina) ... ... ...

¥

validus (Gerrhosaurus) 62, 103, 104,

Valoga ... ... ... ... ... ...

VARANS DAE ... ... ... ... ... ...

Varanus ... 39, 56, 57,

varia (Mabuia) ... 56, 02, 89, 93, 95,

variana (Stegasta) ... 12

varicarinatus (Rhogas) 196, 198

varinervis (Rhogas) ... ... 196, 198

varipalpis (Agenia) 127

varipalpis (Iphianlax) 193

varius (Trichoptilus) 2

variventris (Androna) ... 186

veneranda (Epscephala) 24

ventralis (Ohamaeleon) 64

verax (Marasmarcha) 219

verax (Pterophorus) 3

vermis (Typhlosaurus) 63

VESPSDAE ... ... 155

violacea (Amphisbaena) .60, 70

violaceipennis (SVlyzine) ... 118

Yipio 193, 194

vittifer (Zonurus) 31, 33, 37, 56

vivax (Trichoptilus) 1

vulgaris (Ghamaeleon) 68

W

wahlbergi (Goiopus) ... 81, 88

wahlbergi (Homopholis) 79, 82, 86

wahlbergiana ( ArgyropSoce) 9

wahlbergii (Ablepharus) ... ... ... ...

56, 62, 63, 70, 90, 95, 100

warreni (Zonorus) 33, 36, 60

weberi (Pachydactylus) ... ... 80, 83, 87

weberi (Sepsina) ... ... ... ... 63, 102

weiri (Ghondrodactylus) 78, 82, 85

wilhelmi (Platysaurys) ... 29, 30, 31, 38

X

xanthomelas (Gtenochares) ... ... ... 176

xanthoria (Encolpotis) ... ... 13

xanthura (Synagris) ... ... ... ... 160

Xenolobus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 199

Xenopus ... ... ... 57

xeropa (Temelucha) ... ... ... ... ... ... 25
XYLORYGT1DAE ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 23

Y

Ypsolophus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18

Z

Zamites ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 169

zestica (Tischeria) ... ... ... 238

Zethus ... 156

ZONURIDAE ... ... ... ... ... 29, 34, 35
Zonurus ... ... ... ... ... 31, 40, 56, 60, 65

zophodactyla (Stenoptilia) ... ... 4

zymotis (Telphusa) ... ... ... ... 11

zulu (Geiechia) ... ... ... ... ... ... 14

199

140

116

193

147

6

145

234

146

138

21

1

17

22

101

235

215

184

201

22

57

255

57

99

106

42

108

192

152

136

251

92

57

70

105

57

139

139

215

113

239

105

178

60

60

100

ANNALS

OF THE

TRANSVAAL MUSEUM

NOVEMBER, 1909

V

St r A 10

U

PRETORIA :

The Government Printing and Stationery Office,
593—1/2/10—500

ANNALS

OF

J’he J'ransvaal Museum.

9

Yol. II. NOVEMBER, 1909. No. 1.

DESCRIPTIONS OF TRANSVAAL MICRO=lEPIDOPTERA.

By E. Meyrick, B.A., F.R.S.

The specimens here described are mainly from Pretoria and the
surrounding district, and were collected by Mr. A. J. T. Janse,
except where otherwise indicated. I am greatly indebted to
Mr. Janse for the opportunity of studying this interesting material.
The types are all in Mr. Janse’s collection.

PTEROPHORIDAE.

Trichoptiltjs congrljalis Walk.

Pretoria, in February.

Trichoptiltjs vivax, n. sp. (Plate I, fig. 1).

Male, 15 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-brown. Palpi yellow-
brownish, towards base suffused with white, second joint suffused
with dark fuscous beneath a white apical ring, terminal joint dark
fuscous with tip white. Antennae white, lined with black. (Abdomen
broken.) Forewings cleft from somewhat before middle, segments
linear ; ochreous-brownish, costal third and both segments suffused
with blackish irroration ; a black dot in disk at J, followed by a
small spot of white suffusion ; strong white bars on first segment at
i and § of its length, and some white suffusion on second segment
indicating continuation of these; some wthite scales towards apex
of both segments; cilia ochreous-brown becoming dark fuscous
towards tips, white towards base of cleft, on lower margin of first
segment with two white bars posteriorly, second preceded by a
slender black scale-projcetion, on upper margin of second segment
somewhat mixed with white and black posteriorly, on dorsum with
five small black scale-projections, and patches of white suffusion
beyond each of these except third. Hindwings cleft firstly from J,
secondly almost from base; dark fuscous; cilia grey, on dorsum with
a small well-marked black scale-projection slightly beyond middle
fof third segment.

Pretoria, in March; one specimen.

Annals op the Transvaal Museum.

Trichoptilus varius, n. sp. (Plate I, fig. 2).

Female, 9 mm. Head and thorax whitish irrorated with
fuscous, thorax posteriorly white. Palpi white, apex of second joint
fuscous. Abdomen reddish-fuscous mixed with white, towards base
suffused with white. Forewings cleft from before middle, segments
linear ; light reddish fuscous sprinkled with darker, somewhat
whitish-tinged anteriorly; a blackish dot in disk at J, and one above
cleft ; a broad band of white suffusion on first segment at J, and a
narrow one at |, first continued less broadly on second segment;
cilia greyish, with irregularly scattered black scales, with patches
of white suffusion on first band and towards tips of segments. Hind-
wings grey sprinkled with dark fuscous ; cilia grey, on dorsum with
a moderate projection of black scales at f of third segment.

Pretoria, in January; one specimen.

Trichoptilus maceratus, n. sp. (Plate I, fig. 3).

Male, 12 mm. Head and thorax pale greyish-ochreous. Palpi
greyish banded with white. Abdomen ochreous-grey mixed with
white. Forewings cleft from before middle, segments linear;;
ochreous grey ; minute black dots near base and in disk before | ;;
a blackish dot above cleft ; very indistinct narrow bars of whitish
suffusion on first segment at J and § of its length ; cilia oclireous-
grey irregularly mixed with white scales, on lower marg'in of first
segment with a large patch of black scales in middle and a small
black scale-projection before apex, on upper margin of second
segment with projecting black scales from before middle to near
apex, on dorsum with a small projection of black and white scales
before cleft, a moderate projection of blackish scales at J of segment
and a small one towards apex. Hindwings cleft firstly from J,
secondly from near base ; grey irrorated with dark fuscous ; cilia
fuscous, on dorsum with a well-marked small triangular black scale-
projection beyond middle, and one or two black scales before apex.

N.E. Pretoria District (Rietfontein No. 54), in September; one
specimen.

Platyptilia molopias Meyr.

N.E. Pretoria District, in January; also Camperdown and
Howick, Natal, in March and April (Leigh); and Nairobi, British
East Africa, in August. African specimens are sometimes rather
large, ranging up to 22 mm., but otherwise not different from
Indian and Ceylon examples.

Platyptilia sabia Feld (Plate II, fig. 1).

(Mimeseoptilus sabius Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. CXL, 60.)

Male, 28 mm. Head ochreous-whitish, frontal tuft moderate..
Palpi long, fuscous, above white. Thorax whitish-ochreous..
Abdomen whitish-ochreous, with dark fuscous lateral stripe. Fore-
wings cleft from before f, segments broad, first acutely pointed,,
second with termen slightly sinuate, rather strongly oblique ; light
brown ; a streak of darker suffusion along costa, containing a slender
streak of blackish irroration with a few whitish scales from base to
beyond middle ; a few black specks placed longitudinally in disk
at £; a black diskal dot near before cleft; cilia pale-brownish, on
termen with an interrupted blackish antemedian shade, round base4

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

3

of cleft with some black specks, on dorsum with two or three
undefined groups of blackish specks. Hindwings cleft firstly from
before middle, secondly from J; pale fuscous, thinly and irregularly
sprinkled with dark fuscous ; cilia pale-brownish, round apex of
segments with an antemedian line of dark fuscous points, on dorsum
with a thick sub-basal shade of fuscous black-tipped scales from base
becoming gradually thinner to §, thence little marked to apex.

Bultfontein, JsT.E. Pretoria District, in January; one specimen.

I have described this, as no proper description of the species has
been published, and Felder’s figure is very coarse and poor; I have
no doubt, however, of its correct identification.

Pterophorus colubratus, n. sp. (Plate I, fig. 4).

Male, 19 mm. Head fuscous, between antennae white. Palpi
very short, slender, white. Thorax yellowish-wdiite. Abdomen
whitish-yellowish, longitudinally streaked with white. Forewings
cleft from beyond middle, segments acutely pointed, first moderate,
second narrower ; white ; a faint streak of pale yellowish suffusion
beneath costa from base to cleft, and a similar sub-dorsal streak from
base to J, a blackish dot in disk at J, and another on base of cleft,
connected by an indistinct fuscous line; some pale brownish suffusion
beginning from first dot and gradually expanded so as to cover all
first segment except a narrow costal streak not reaching apex, and
a streak along upper margin of second segment, latter marked with
a line of dark fuscous scales ; minute blackish dots on extremities
of veins 2, 3, and 7 ; cilia whitish. Hindwings cleft firstly from
|, secondly from 5, segments narrow; rather dark grey; cilia light
ochreous-grey.

Pretoria, in March; one specimen. Yery similar to adumbratus
Wals., described as an Aciptilus ( Alucita ), but doubtless also a
Pterophorus ; differs by dark streak along upper margin of second
segment and absence of dark spot on costa beyond cleft, besides
other details.

Pterophorus verax, n. sp. (Plate I, fig. 5).

Male, 20 mm. Head pale whitish-ochreous. Palpi moderate,
white, lined with dark fuscous. Thorax whitish-yellow. Abdomen
white, longitudinally streaked with pale yellow, with fuscous lines
on sides. Forewings cleft from before f, segments moderate, pointed,
ochreous-wdiitish ; costal edge fuscous, suffused beneath with brownish,
from J to cleft, the brownish colour extending more or less widely
over disk ; a rather broad subdorsal streak of brownish suffusion from
base to J, becoming dorsal towards base ; first segment suffused with
reddish brown except a whitish streak near its lo^er margin becoming
more distinct and terminal towards apex ; lower half of second
segment suffused with reddish-brown ; cilia brownish with a white
bar at apex of each segment. Hindwings cleft firstly from middle,
secondly from before J, segments moderate ; fuscous, third segment
dorsally tinged with whitish towards middle; cilia whitish-grey
tinged with reddish.

Tweefontein, N.E. Pretoria District, in January; two specimens.

Pterophorus ammonias., n. sp. (Plate I, fig. 6).

Female, 18 mm. Head and thorax white mixed with reddish
fuscous. Palpi rather long, white, with a reddish fuscous lateral

4

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

line. Abdomen brownisli-ochreous mixed with white, with a fine
dark fuscous line on each side of back. Forewings cleft from §,
segments moderate, pointed ; rather light reddish fuscous, sprinkled
with darker towards apex of segments ; costa rather broadly suffused
with white from about to f ; some white irroration towards apex
of first segment ; a narrow white subdorsal streak from J of wing
to base of second segment, thence continued along upper margin of
second segment to its tip ; cilia pale red-brownish, on dorsum
ochreous-wliitish anteriorly to cleft. Hindwings cleft firstly from 2/5,
secondly from 1/5, segments narrow; rather dark grey; cilia rosy-
grey-whitish.

Bultfontein, N.E. Pretoria District, in January; one specimen.

Pterqphortts crepuscularis, ii. sp. (Plate II, fig. 2).

Male, 21 mm. Head and thorax whitish irrorated with

fuscous. Palpi moderate, whitish, with lateral line of fuscous
irroration. Abdomen ochreous-whitish irrorated with fuscous,

streaked on sides with dark fuscous. Forewings cleft from J,
segments pointed, first moderately broad, second narrower ; grey,
towards base with a few black specks ; a dot of black irroration in
disk at | , and a patch of darker suffusion sprinkled with black
before cleft ; cilia light fuscous, base whitish, on dorsum with six
groups of two or three blackish scales each. Hindwings cleft firstly
from f, secondly from J, segments narrow; rather dark grey; cilia
grey towards base of dorsum with several scattered hair-scales with
black points.

Warmberg, Zoutpansberg District, in December; one specimen.

Stenoptilia zophodactyla Dup.

Pretoria, in March; one specimen.

Agdistis malitiosa, n. sp. (Plate II, fig. 3).

Male, female, 25-27 mm. Head and thorax fuscous irrorated
with whitish, forehead with very short cone. Palpi rather short,
rough-scaled, fuscous mixed with white and dark fuscous. Abdomen
fuscous suffused with wdiitish and sprinkled with black. Forewings
with apex somewhat pointed, termen faintly sinuate beneath apex,
rather strongly oblique; fuscous, irrorated with dark fuscous, slightly
sprinkled with whitish on costal and dorsal areas ; a small suffused
dark fuscous spot at inverted apex of triangular area, and others
beneath its lower margin at § and midway between this and first ;
cilia fuscous, basal half mixed alternately with whitish and dark
fuscous. Hindwings fuscous, towards tornus mixed with whitish
and dark fuscous ; cilia as in forewings.

Pretoria, in February, one specimen; and five others from
Nairobi, British East Africa, in August.

ORNEODIDAE.

Orneodus certifica, il. sp. (Plate II, fig. 4).

Female, 10 mm. Head and thorax white. Palpi long, porrected,
terminal joint minute, concealed in scales of second, white, on lower
half tinged with fuscous and sprinkled with dark fuscous. Abdomen
whitish. Forewings white; markings whitish fuscous, sprinkled

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

5

with dark fuscous and edged with blackish irroration ; three small
semi-oval spots on anterior half of costa ; a moderately broad straight
fascia beyond middle, suddenly contracted to a narrow spot on first
segment ; a small quadrate spot on first segment at J ; a rather narrow
straight subterminal fascia ; a black dot at apex of each segment ;
cilia white, on fasciae tinged with fuscous. Hindwings white; post-
median and subterminal fasciae faintly tinged wdth fuscous and
edged with fuscous irroration on first five segments, obsolete on
sixth, first moderately broad, second narrow, broader on first
segment; apical dots and cilia as in forewings.

Warmberg, Zoutpansberg District, in March; one specimen.

Macrembola fortis Wals.

Pretoria, in January; one specimen. The genus Macrembola is
characterized by the forewings cleft only to middle, and very long
palpi.

PHALONIADAE.

Pharmacis stigmatica Meyr.

Pretoria, in January and March.

Pharmacis assecula, n. sp. (Plate II, fig. 5).

Female, 18 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax deep yellow.
Abdomen pale grey. Forewings elongate, costa slightly arched,
apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, oblique; deep yellow, strewn
with small silvery-glistening paler spots ; a suffused deep ferruginous-
brown streak along costa from base to 5 , and extreme costal edge
beyond this spotted with dark fuscous irroration ; an elongate deep
ferruginous-brown spot beneath disk before middle, and some slight
ferruginous suffusion extending from this to tornus, the silvery spots
in or adjacent to these partially edged or marked with purplish
fuscous ; some dark fuscous scales about transverse vein ; a
ferruginous-browm line along lower § of termen, interrupted with
silvery; cilia light ferruginous, towards base tinged with whitish.
Hindwings light grey, extreme apex whitish ; cilia yellow- whitish,
with a sub-basal line of dark grey points.

Pretoria, in December; one specimen.

TORTEICIDAE.

Epichorista Meyr.

*

This genus, described in a paper now in process of publication
in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales,
is distinguished from Tortrix by the separation of veins 3 and 4 of
hindwings ; veins 6 and 7 of hindwings are sometimes stalked.
Type E. liemionana, from New Zealand.

Epichorista geraeas, n. sp. (Plate II, fig. 6).

Male, 19 mm. ; female, 23 nun. Head, palpi, and anterior
margin of thorax grey irrorated with blackish and whitish, rest of
thorax light ochreous-yellowish. Abdomen grey. Forewings
elongate, rather narrow, costa hardly arched, in male without fold ;
apex tolerably pointed, termen faintly sinuate, very oblique ; light

6

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

ochreous-yellowdsh ; cilia concolorous. Hindwings with 6 and 7
stalked; dark grey; cilia whitish-yellowish, with grey sub-basal
shade.

Pretoria, in October and November; two specimens.
Epichorista iocoma Meyr.

This species, described as a Tortrix , is correctly referred here.
Epichorista ionephela Meyr.

Pretoria District, in December ; one large male, 22mm.
Described as a Proselena , in which genus Epichorista has hitherto
been included.

Tortrix pfiaretrata, n. sp. (Plate II, fig. 7).

Female, 17 mm. Head whitish-ochreous, tinged on crown with
light browmish. Palpi whitish-ochreous, slightly browmish tinged
towards middle. Thorax light ochreous-yellowish. Abdomen
whitish-grey. Eorewings elongate, costa gently arched near base,
thence straight, apex round-pointed, termen slightly sinuate, rather
strongly oblique ; light ochreous-yellowish ; costa slenderly white
from base to § ; a short sub-costal streak of ferruginous suffusion
from base ; veins in disk and posteriorly slightly indicated by
scattered ferruginous-brownish and dark fuscous scales, especially
vein 8 and anterior half of 7 ; a brown dot mixed with dark fuscous
on lower angle of cell ; cilia pale ochreous-yellowish, between apex
and tornus suffused with light ferruginous. Hindwings pale grey;
cilia grey- whitish.

Pretoria, in December; one specimen.

EUCOSMIDAE.

Ancylis halisparta, n. sp. (Plate II, fig. 8).

Female, 16 mm. Head grey- whitish, face suffused with
brownish-ochreous. Palpi whitish-grey with two grey bands.
Thorax brownish-ochreous, patagia grey irrorated with whitish.
Abdomen fuscous. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex
falcate ; ochreous-grey finely irrorated with wdiite and sprinkled with
dark fuscous ; costa shortly strigulated with white and blackish ; a
broad streak beneath costa from base to | suffused with white,
marked with fine dark lines on veins, and somewhat mixed with
fuscous posteriorly ; some black scales tending to form longitudinal
streaks on veins in disk, especially on submedian fold ; apical projec-
tion dark, edged anteriorly by a blackish mark ; dorsum somewhat
marked with blackish ; cilia white on termen, towards tornus mixed
with grey. Hindwings with 3 and 4 stalked ; fuscous darker
posteriorly; cilia grey- whitish with grey sub-basal shade.

Warmberg, Zoutpansberg District, in December; one specimen.

Eucosma tremula, n. sp. (Plate III, fig. 1).

Female, 10 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax grey irrorated with
whitish. Abdomen light grey. Eorewings elongate, rather narrow,
somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa slightly arched, apex obtuse,
termen straight, oblique; grey, with tips of all scales whitish,
appearing finely striated ; costa marked with short fine blackish
strigulae; basal patch ochreous-tinged, limited by an angulated

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

7

fascia of ochreous suffusion ; central fascia moderate, oblique,
ochreous, very narrow on costa, posterior margin angularly indented
below middle ; ocellus narrow, ochreous, margined laterally by two
silvery streaks, and containing two round black dots ; apical area
beyond this ochreous, containing a transverse silvery mark before
apex, margined with a few black scales ; cilia grey mixed with white,
basal third sprinkled with black points. Hindwings with 3 and 4
stalked; light grey; cilia grey-whitish.

Pretoria, in October; one specimen.

Eucosma monitrix, n. sp. (Plate III, fig. 2).

Male, 12 mm. Head grey, collar grey- whitish, forehead black.
Palpi white. Thorax pale ochreous, anterior third dark fuscous,
behind middle with a grey- whitish band. Abdomen dark grey.
Forewings elongate, rather narrow, posteriorly slightly dilated, costa
slightly arched, without fold, apex obtuse, termen oblique, slightly
retuse above middle ; dark fuscous, towards dorsum and posteriorly
with tips of scales pale yellowish, forming fine striae ; basal patch
marked by three leaden striae partially edged with whitish ; central
fascia formed by two thick oblique blue-leaden striae rising from
pairs of small whitish costal strigulae, becoming broader and confluent
below middle, suddenly reduced to small spots on dorsum ; a thick
silvery metallic erect streak from tornus reaching half across wing,
edged anteriorly with a white line and posteriorly by an irregular
white streak containing three or four variable black dots ; three small
whitish costal strigulae beyond middle, central one sending a blue-
leaden oblique striga to apex of tornal streak; three more conspicuous
white costal strigulae about f, whence a blue-leaden striga runs to
near termen beneath apex ; cilia grey mixed with -white, especially
towards tornus, round apex and upper part of termen pale ochreous
with a thick dark grey sub-basal line and tips blackish. Hindwings
with 3 and 4 stalked ; light grey, thinly scaled towards base, termen
suffused with dark fuscous, more broadly towards apex ; cilia grey-
whitish, with grey sub-basal shade.

Pretoria, in October; one specimen.

Eucosma insolens Meyr.

Pretoria, in December ; one specimen.

Eucosma symbola, n. sp. (Plate III, fig. 3).

Male, 12 mm. Head and thorax dark fuscous. Abdomen grey.
Forewings elongate, posteriorly slightly dilated, costa slightly arched,
with short fold, apex obtuse, termen sinuate, somewhat oblique ; dark
fuscous ; costa between J and apex, wuth five pairs of whitish
strigulae, and two single ones ; and irregular acute triangular whitish
blotch on dorsum beyond middle, reaching more than half across
wing, containing two or three dark fuscous marks ; two oblique
purplish-leaden strigae from first two pairs of costal strigulae to above
apex of this blotch ; beyond an irregular zigzag line from beyond
middle of costa to before tornus, the ground colour of posterior area
is fulvous, with blackish costal strigulae between the others, crossed
by two angulated bluish-leaden striae, from third and fifth pairs of
strigulae, with a blackish parallel mark between them above middle,

8

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

and two or tliree short black dashes or dots in ocellus ; cilia leaden-
grey, with a blackish basal line. Hindwings with four absent ; grey
cilia pale grey with darker sub-basal shade.

Van der Merwe Station, Pretoria District, in December; one
specimen.

Eucosma isogramma Meyr.

Pretoria, in November and May; three specimens.

Eucosma calliarma, n. sp. (Plate III, fig. 5).

Male, 14 mm. ; female, 16 mm. Plead white. Palpi white, with
two fuscous spots. Thorax white with a blackish mark on each
shoulder, and four small blackish spots posteriorly. Abdomen grey..
Forewings elongate, somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa slightly
arched in' male without fold, apex obtuse, termen sinuate, oblique;;
white ; costa with small spots and strigulae of black and ferruginous ;
basal patch mixed with ferruginous, grey, and black, including a
white dorsal spot, outer edge oblique, obtusely angulated in middle;;
central fascia beyond middle, rather narrow, oblique, irregular,
ferrugineous-ochreous edged with grey anteriorly and towards costa
posteriorly, attenuated or somewhat interrupted above middle, with
some black scales in middle ; ocellus edged laterally with pale leaden-
grey and containing two black marks, posterior margin continued as
a sinuate stria to costa and preceded by two or three other black
marks ; apical space and terminal streak beyond this ferruginous,,
including two short white costal strigulae ; cilia grey mixed with
whitish, basal third bluish-shining, above apex with blackish sub-
basal line. Hindwings 3 and 4 stalked; grey; cilia grey -whitish,,
with g'rey sub-basal line.

Pretoria; Camperdown, Natal (Leigh); in March, two specimens.

Eucosma marmara, n. sp. (Plate III, fig. 6).

Male, 11-12 mm. Head and palpi whitish, sometimes partially
tinged with pale grey. Thorax whitish, variably spotted with
oclireous and fuscous. Abdomen light g'rey, anal tuft whitish..
Forewings elongate, posteriorly slightly dilated, costa gently arched
without fold, apex obtuse, termen almost straight, oblique; ochreous-
white ; basal patch covering more than J of wing, irregularly striated
with fulvous and grey, and more or less marked with black, outer
edge irregular, prominent below middle; space between basal patch
and central fascia more or less strigulated with fulvous and grey
on upper half but forming a clear white blotch on lower half, marked
with one or two dark grey strigulae on dorsum ; mixed with leaden-
grey on upper half and marked with black towards dorsum ; posterior
area with irregular thick alternate leaden-grey and fulvous striae,
with two or three short black marks in ocellus and some irregular
black marking above this ; cilia whitish with a blackish sub-basal
line, outer half pale fulvous spotted with grey. Hindwings with
3 and 4 connate or short-stalked ; grey, paler towards base ; cilia
grey- whitish with dark grey sub-basal shade.

Pretoria, from November to January; three specimens.,

Bactra siccella Walk.

Pretoria District, in January and February..

Totals of the Teansvaal Museum,

9

Bactea pythonia, n. sp. (Plate III, fig. 7).

Female 13-15 mm. Head ochreous- whitish. Palpi 2j, densely
haired, ochreous-wliitish, partially tinged with grey. Thorax
ochreous- whitish, with some dark fuscous strigulae. Abdomen light-
grey. Forewings elongate, somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa gently
arched, apex obtuse, termen straight, oblique ; light greyish-ochreous,
costa and dorsum strigulated with blackish and whitish irroration,
outer edge sometimes tolerably defined, angulated in middle ; space
between basal patch and central fascia more or less suffused with
whitish and strigulated with dark grey ; central fascia darker, very
undefined, oblique, narrow, posterior edge with acute prominences
above and below middle, sprinkled with dark grey or blackish in
disk; a large rounded patch of white suffusion following this in disk;
some short black lines on veins towards termen, two in ocellus
especially distinct, followed by a transverse leaden mark ; more or
less grey irroration towards termen ; cilia greyish-ochreous irrorated
with white and some blackish points. Hindwings grey; cilia whitish-
grey, with darker sub-basal shade.

Pretoria, in December and January; two specimens.

jP OLYCHEO SIS SPISSANA Z.

Pretoria District, in January.

Polycheosis peimaeia, n. sp. (Plate III, fig. 8).

Female, 14 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen grey.
Forewings elongate, posteriorly slightly dilated, costa gently arched,
apex obtuse, termen straight, somewhat oblique ; fuscous ; costa with
about ten pairs of short whitish strigulae, separated by darker spots;
basal patch mixed with dark fuscous, outer edge ill-defined, angulated
in middle, indented near dorsum ; central fascia narrow, oblique, dark
fuscous, anteriorly suffused, posterior edge well defined, very
irregular; several obscure oblique leaden strigae from posterior half
of costa ; ocellus margined by two thick leaden-metallic marks,
containing three large black dots touching posterior margin ; cilia
leaden-fuscous. Hindwings fuscous, darker posteriorly; cilia light
fuscous, with dark fuscous sub-basal line.

Tweefontein, Pretoria District, in January; one specimen.

Aegyeoploce wahlbeegiana Z.

Pretoria, in January. I do not maintain Eccopsis Z. as a distinct
genus.

• *

Aegyeoploce beevibasana Wals.

Pretoria, in November; three specimens showing some variability.

Laspeyeesia halmyeis, n. sp. (Plate III, fig. 9).

Male, 12 mm. Head and thorax light fuscous irrorated with
whitish. Palpi fuscous-whitish. Abdomen grey. Forewings
elongate, posteriorly somewhat dilated, costa slightly arched, apex
obtuse, termen slightly sinuate, little oblique ; fuscous, in disk and
towards dorsum suffusedly striated with white, posteriorly irrorated
with white ; costa dark fuscous, marked with ten pairs of white
strigulae, third to eighth pairs emitting oblique blue-leaden strigae,
third, fifth, and seventh interspaces prolonged into oblique dark

10

Annals or the Transvaal Museum.

fuscous strigae ; ocellus margined laterally with leaden-metallic and
containing three black dots ; cilia light grey irrorated with white,
with dark fuscous sub-basal line. Hindwings with dorsal cilia
thickened and somewhat curled; grey, darker posteriorly; cilia
whitish-grey, with dark grey sub-basal line.

Pretoria, in October; one specimen.

GELECHIADAE.

Paltodora melanatracta Meyr.

Pretoria, in October ; one specimen.

Paltodora operosa, n. sp. (Plate IV, fig. 1).

Male, 18-22 mm. Head whitish-ochreous irrorated with fuscous.
Palpi ochreous-whitish, second joint irrorated with dark fuscous,
terminal joint with anterior edge dark fuscous. Thorax brownish
irrorated with dark fuscous and whitish. Abdomen greyish irrorated
with darker, apex whitish. Forewings elongate, very narrow, long-
pointed, acute, termen slightly sinuate beneath apex ; brown,
irrorated on margins and veins with dark fuscous and whitish, but
this irroration sometimes extends over most of wing, except longi-
tudinal streaks in disk and along fold, sometimes tinged with
yellowish ; stigmata represented by small suffused dark fuscous spots,
plical very obliquely before first diskal ; similar spots near base in
middle, beneath costa at J and J, and on fold between these ; cilia
brownish with two dark fuscous shades, towards base mixed with
whitish and dark fuscous. Hindwings grey ; cilia whitish-ochreous
dinged with grey.

Pretoria, in December and March; two specimens.

Paltodora iospila, n. sp. (Plate IV, fig. 2).

Male, 16 mm. Head white. Palpi white, second joint externally
ferruginous sprinkled with dark grey except apex, with short triangular
tuft, terminal joint sprinkled with grey anteriorly. Thorax whitish
partially tinged with ferruginous. Abdomen grey, sides dark grey
posteriorly. Forewings elongate, very narrow, costa hardly arched,
apex acute, termen faintly sinuate, extremely oblique ; whitish tinged
with ferruginous ; ferruginous spots on costa at base and J, former
connected beneath with a fuscous transverse mark ; two small
ferruginous spots beneath fold rather obliquely beyond these
respectively ; costa suffused with grey irroration from \ to § ; a small
ferruginous spot beneath costa at J ; stigmata represented by small
ferruginous spots, plical very obliquely before first diskal ; a suffused
grey streak sprinkled with dark grey along fold beneath diskal
stigmata ; a fascia of ferruginous suffusion along termen, preceded
by some grey suffusion ; cilia whitish, basal half sprinkled with
blackish-grey. Hindwings pale grey ; cilia pale whitish-ochreous
finged with ferruginous.

Albert Mine, Pretoria District, in January; one specimen.

Sxtotroga celyphodes, n. sp. (Plate IV, fig. 3).

Female, 12-13 mm. Head white. Palpi white, lower half of
second joint fuscous. Thorax white, shoulders brownish. Abdomen
whitish. Forewings narrow, costa hardly arched, apex pointed,

Annals of the Transvial Museum.

11

termen extremely obliquely rounded ; white ; plical and second diskal
stigmata blackish ; some ferruginous-brownish suffusion forming
undefined patches above plical stigma and on costa at f, and an
undefined fascia just before termen throughout, touching second
diskal stigma beneath ; cilia whitish. Hindwings with 4 and 5
approximated towards base; whitish; cilia yellow- whitish.

Yan der Merwe Station, Pretoria District, in December and
.February; two specimens.

Anacampsis nerteria Meyr.

Pretoria, in May; one specimen. Common in India and Ceylon;
the larva feeds on the ground nut ( Aracliis hypogaea).

Telphusa probata, n. sp. (Plate XV, fig. 4).

Male, female, 11-12 mm. Head and thorax blackish sprinkled
with whitish. Palpi w'hite, second and terminal joints each with base
and two bands black. Antennae blackish. Abdomen grey. Fore-
wings elongate, narrow, costa slightly arched, apex round-pointed,
Xermen extremely obliquely rounded ; dark fuscous ; a broad direct
white fascia before middle, posterior edge rather convex, followed
by two small indistinct blackish spots surrounded by brown, perhaps
representing first diskal and plical stigmata ; second diskal stigma
represented by a similar spot with an additional spot beneath it ; some
brown suffusion and slight whitish sprinkling towards apex ; cilia
fuscous, round apex sprinkled with blackish and whitish. Hindwings
grey; cilia light grey tinged with ochreous.

Pretoria, in November; two specimens.

Telphusa lathridia, n. sp. (Plate XY, figs. 5-6).

Male, female, X4-X6 mm. Head and thorax fuscous mixed with
blackish, finely whitish-sprinkled. Palpi fuscous mixed with blackish,
indistinctly banded with whitish irroration. Antennal ciliations in
male, one. Abdomen in male pale whitish-ochreous, in female grey
with some ochreous suffusion on segment 2. Fore wings elongate,
narrow, costa gently arched, apex acute, termen extremely obliquely
rounded ; dark fuscous, tips of scales finely whitish, more or less
sprinkled with blackish ; in one specimen two ochreous dots near base ;
a more or less marked irregular oblique transverse blackish streak
about J, in male obsolete, in female sometimes posteriorly edged with
whitish-ochreous suffusion on upper half, towards dorsum forming an
irregular ridge of raised scales ; stigmata raised, blackish, in female
more or less edged with pale brownish-ochreous, plical beneath first
diskal, an additional dot beneath second diskal; in one -female some
indistinct pale ochreous suffusion towards costa at § ; cilia fuscous
finely sprinkled with whitish, towards base mixed with dark fuscous.
Hindwings grey, paler towards base, especially in male ; cilia light
greyish.

Pretoria, in September and February; three specimens (one male,
Xwo females).

Telphusa zymotis, n. sp. (Plate IY, fig. T).

X^emale, X5 mm. Head and thorax fuscous mixed with
ferruginous-brownish and whitish-ochreous. Palpi whitish-ochreous
irrorated with blackish, terminal joint shorter than second. Abdomen
grey. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa gently arched, apex pointed,

12_ Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

termen extremely obliquely rounded ; fuscous irregularly mixed with
ferruginous-brownish and sprinkled with dark fuscous ; a blackish
mark beneath base of costa, and one on fold towards base, each
followed by longitudinal white-ochreous suffusion, latter streak
extending to second diskal ; suffused white-ochreous oblique costal and
dorsal opposite marks about f , not meeting ; cilia light fuscous ;
towards base sprinkled with dark fuscous. Hind wings grey; cilia
light grey.

W armberg, Zoutpansberg District, in October and December; two
specimens.

Gelechia mesacta, n. sp. (Plate IV, fig. 8).

Male, 16 mm. Head pale reddish-oclireous. Palpi dark fuscous
sprinkled with blackish, apex of second and base of terminal joint
wliitisli-ochreous. Antennae dark fuscous. Thorax pale reddish-
ochreous, patagia dark fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-whitish, three
basal segments light yellow. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa
slightly arched, apex pointed, termen extremely obliquely rounded ;
dark fuscous, suffused with reddish-brown towards dorsum ; a short
streak of blackish suffusion on base of dorsum ; a blackish streak along
fold from near base to beyond J ; diskal stigmata rather approximated,
blackish, connected by red brownish suffusion, beneath which adjacent
to each is an additional less defined group of blackish scales ; a narrow
undefined slightly angulated red-brownish fascia about f ; cilia grey,
on basal half suffused with pale rosy and mixed with dark fuscous.
Hindwings and cilia light grey.

Pretoria, in October; one specimen.

Gelechia peronectis, n. sp. (Plate IV, fig. 9).

Male, 26 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-whitish sprinkled with
grey, shoulders suffused with dark fuscous. Palpi whitish, second
joint rosy-tinged, basal and apical thirds of second and terminal
joints suffused with dark fuscous irroration, terminal joint longer
than second. Antennae dark grey, ciliations nearly one. Abdomen
fuscous. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa hardly arched,
apex obtuse-pointed, termen straight, rather strongly oblique ;
fuscous sprinkled with dark fuscous and towards dorsum with whitish ;:
some black and whitish scales on vein 12 ; a thick black medium
longitudinal streak from base to end of cell, obliquely interrupted
before middle of wing, both sections edged posteriorly with white ;
streaks of blackish scales on veins 5 and 6, and some scattered blackish
scales on other veins posteriorly ; cilia light fuscous sprinkled with
darker. Hindwings grey; cilia light fuscous.

Eersteling, Zoutpansberg District, in September; one specimen.

Stegasta variana Meyr.

Pretoria, in January and February; occurs in India and
Australia.

Gnorimoschema synecta, n. sp. (Plate IV, fig. 10).

Male, female, 10-11 mm. Head white tinged with ochreous.
Palpi whitish, second and terminal joints each with two wings of
black irroration. Thorax whitish-ochreous, shoulders irrorated with
dark fuscous. Abdomen grey- whitish. Forewings narrow, long-

pointed, acute ; 7 and 8 out of 6 in male fuscous irrorated with

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

13

dark fuscous, in female whitish-ochreous irrorated with blackish ;
pale ochreous spots beneath costa at J and J, between which are traces
of an oblique bar of somewhat darker suffusion ; base of dorsum
whitish-ochreous and some ochreous markings about fold towards
base; stigmata dark fuscous surrounded with rather deep ochreous,
plical rather obliquely before first diskal, second diskal somewhat
below middle ; whitish-ochreous spots on tornus and costa opposite ;
cilia pale whitish-ochreous sprinkled with black points. Hindwings
pale grey; cilia pale whitish-ochreous.

Pretoria, in August and October; twT> specimens. Yery close to
two Australian species, pyrrhanthes and bucolica , and intermediate
between them, but differs from both by the stalking of 6 with 7
and 8 in forewings. Notwithstanding this structural distinction,
the relationship is undoubtedly real and intimate.

Paristhmia, n.g.

Head with appressed scales; ocelli small; tongue developed.
Antennae 5, in male shortly ciliated, basal joint moderate, without
pecten. Labial palpi long, recurved, second joint thickened with
dense appressed scales, terminal joint as long as second, slender,
acute. Maxillary palpi very short, filiform, appressed to tongue.
Posterior tibiae clothed with hairs above. Forewings with 2 and 3
stalked, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to apex, 11 from middle. Hindwings 1,
trapezoidal, apex pointed, termen sinuate, oblique, cilia 1 ; 2 and 3
stalked from much before angle, 4 from angle, 5 somewhat approxi-
mated at base, 6 and 7 stalked.

Allied to Braclimia, from which it differs by the peculiar
structure of veins 2 and 3 of hindwings ; this may perhaps be modified
in female.

Paristhmia barathrodes, n. sp. (Plate Y, fig. 1).

Male, 12 mm. Head and thorax whitish-ochreous, face and
sternum dark fuscous. Palpi whitish-ochreous, second joint dark
fuscous except apex. Abdomen light grey. Forewings elongate,
narrow, costa slightly arched, apex obtuse, termen abliquely rounded ;
whitish-ochreous tinged with brownish ; a black dot on base of costa
and one on fold before J ; an oblong transverse blackish blotch in
disk before middle representing plical and first diskal stigmata ;
second diskal stigma black ; an undefined fascia of light fuscous
suffusion just beyond this, extremities blackish; three or four
undefined fuscous dots on termen ; cilia whitish-ochreous. Hindwings
with a furrow beneath cell and vein 2 containing a grey hairpencil ;
grey; cilia light grey, base ochreous-tinged.

Pretoria, in January; one specimen.

Encolpotis xanthoria Meyr.

Pretoria, in February and April.

Brachmia maculata Wals.

(Lecithocera maculata Wals. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881,
p. 276, pi. xi, fig. 18.)

One male; antennae i (therefore not a Lecithocerai, thick, pale
nchreous-yellowish ; forewings with 8 and 9 out of 7, 7 to apex; dark

14

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

purplish-fuscous ; stigmata whitish-ochreous surrounded with black,,
plical beneath first diskal, both small, second diskal large. Hind-
wings grey.

Pretoria District, in January.

Braciimxa lamprostoma Z.

(G-elechia zulu Wals. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lon‘d. 1881, p. 261,
pi. xii, fig. 30.)

Afterwards identified by Lord Walsingham with lamprostoma Z.,
and referred to the genus Anacampsis ; it is, however, certainly a
Bvachmia, having 2 and 3 of forewings stalked, and 7 and 8 stalked,
7 running to apex. It varies very much in development of white
and ferruginous-brown markings ; one male has crown of head
fuscous, forewings with median fascia not reaching costa, and no
white scales on termen ; another has much more ferruginous-brown
suffusion anteriorly,' diskal stigma large, white-edged.

Pretoria, in March.

Brachmia malacogramma, n. sp. (Plate V., fig. 2).

Female, 14 mm. Head and thorax yellow-whitish, patagia
brownish-tinged. Palpi yellowish-white, basal fuscous tinged.
Antennae fuscous, beneath whitish. Abdomen whitish-ochreous.
Eorewings elongate, rather narrow, costa gently arched, apex obtuse,,
termen obliquely rounded ; 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to apex ; whitish-
yellowish ; a rather broad brownish median stripe from base to apex,
darker brown towards apex, including traces of a pale line on internal
vein, and a more distinct one on vein 6 ; undefined narrow brownish
streaks between veins towards costa and posteriorly; stigmata blackish,
first diskal minute, indistinctly whitish-ringed, second diskal whitish-
edged posteriorly, plical larger, obliquely before first diskal ; a
suffused brownish spot beneath second diskal, touching median stripe :
cilia wdiitish-yellowish, basal half faintly barred with pale brownish.
Hindwings pale whitish-grey tinged with ochreous ; cilia pale whitish-
ochreous.

Pretoria, in January; one specimen. Allied to the Indian
arotraea.

Polyhymno pausimacha, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 3).

Female, 15 mm. Head pale shining grey, sides of crown whitish.
Palpi dark fuscous, posteriorly white. Antennae dark fuscous.
Thorax dark fuscous, patagia white except shoulders. Abdomen
grey. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa hardly arched, apex falcate,,
acute, termen oblique ; dark purplish-fuscous mixed with blackish ;
a rather broad white median streak from base, broadly interrupted
about middle, posterior extremity attenuated, not reaching termen ;
beneath the posterior segment are a cloudy white streak on fold to*
tornus, and an irregular cloudy white streak between these mixed
with fuscous in middle and extending upwards to beyond apex of
median streak ; a slender white oblique streak above apex of median
a silvery-metallic acutely angmlated line from § of costa to tornus,
passing round these; a brownish-ochreous streak running from near
costa immediately beyond this to apex ; three white oblique wedge-
shaped marks on costa towards apex ; a whitish terminal line not
reaching apex or tornus ; cilia grey, on costa dark fuscous with

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

15*

oblique white marks, oil central portion of termen with a patch of
wdiite suffusion towards base containing' three black dots. Hindwings
grey, darker posteriorly; cilia light greyish tinged with ochreous.

Lekkerwater (Rietfontein No. TO), Zoutpansberg District, in
September; one specimen.

Polyhymno palinorsa, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 4).

Male, 13 mm. Head white. Palpi white, second joint with a
fuscous lateral line except at apex, terminal joint with anterior edge
dark fuscous. Antennae dark fuscous, towards base white above.
Thorax white with four dark fuscous stripes. Abdomen grey, sides
and apex whitish. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa slightly
arched, apex falcate, acute, termen very oblique ; dark fuscous ; a
moderate white median longitudinal streak from base to termen,
becoming linear posteriorly ; a fine white line immediately beneath
costa from near base to middle, thence running obliquely into
median streak near termen ; a white sub-dorsal line from near base
almost to tornus ; a white line along submedian fold posteriorly
almost rising out of median streak ; a wdiite somewhat upwards-
oblique streak lying between posterior half of this and median streak ;
an oblique white line from costa about § to apex of median streak,
extremity greyish ; a pale ochreous-yellowish streak running from
above posterior portion of this to apex ; cilia grey, on costa white
with several irregular dark fuscous bars, at apex with a dark fuscous
bar, on upper part of termen with a patch of whitish suffusion
containing a dark fuscous basal line and a black dot beyond this at
each extremity. Hindwings grey ; cilia whitish-grey tinged with
ochreous.

Pretoria, in December; one specimen.

Polyhymno paracma, n. sp. (Plate Y, fig. 5).

Female, 13-14 mm. Head white. Palpi white, anterior edge
of terminal joint dark fuscous. Antennae grey, towards base white.
Thorax wrhite with three ochreous-fuscous stripes. Abdomen grey,
segmental margins whitish. Forewings elongate, rather narrow,
costa slightly arched, apex falcate, acute, termen very oblique;
ochreous-fuscous; a broad shining white sharply-defined median
streak from base to beyond apex acute, lowTer marg'in prominent
beyond middle of wing and sending a fine branch along fold almost
to tornus ; a narrow shining, white sub-dorsal streak from base to
tornus ; a whitish line along costa from about J to middle, thence
obliquely to above apex of median streak ; an oblique wdiite striga
from costa about f to near termen, apex leaden-grey; a suffused
leaden-grey mark along upper part of termen ; cilia grey, on costa
white, with several irregular oblique dark fuscous bars, round apex
mixed with blackish, on middle of termen with a basal patch of
white suffusion, above which is a short black basal line. Hindwings
grey ; cilia light grey.

Pretoria, in November and December; two specimens.

Polyhymno eurydoxa, n. sp. (Plate Y, fig. 6).

Male, 13 mm. Head ochreous-white, crowm more ochreous-
tinged. Palpi white, anterior edge of terminal joint dark fuscous.
Antennae grey. Thorax pale shining whitish-ochreous, patagia

16

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

white. (Abdomen broken.) Forewings elongate, rather narrow,
costa slightly arched, apex very long-produced, acute-falcate, termen
oblique; dark fuscous; a. broad shining white stripe covering median
third from base to near termen, sharply defined above, beneath
suffused into a pale yellow-brownish stripe which covers dorsal third
extreme edge ; a fine suffused wdiitish-ochreous streak along costa
from \ to |, sending a branch from middle to above apex of median
stripe; an oblique dark fuscous line splitting apex of median stripe;
five white wxedge-shaped marks on posterior third of costa, partly in
cilia, first two more oblique and slender, first terminating in a short
fine metallic mark ; apical area beneath these suffused with
ferruginous-yellowish, which extends also along terminal area, except
a leaden-metallic terminal streak ; cilia grey, on termen whitish with
a dark fuscous sub-basal line and three black dots beyond it, beneath
apex with two blackish hooks, on costa with dark fuscous bars
between wdiite marks. Hindwings grey; cilia grey, round apex
suffused with ochreous- whitish except towards base.

Bultfontein, Pretoria District, in January; two specimens.

Semodictis, n. g.

Head with appressed scales ; ocelli present ; tongue developed.
Antennae f, in male simple, basal joint elongate, without pecten.
Labial palpi very long, recurved, second joint with double or single
projecting tuft beneath, terminal joint longer than second, acute,
with two scale-projections posteriorly. Maxillary palpi very short,
filiform, appressed to tongue. Posterior tibiae clothed with long
hairs above. Forewings with 2 from towards angle, 6 to apex,
7 and 8 stalked, 11 from middle. Hindwings 1, elongate-trapezoidal
apex obtuse, termen oblique, not sinuate, cilia almost 1 ; 3 and 4
approximated at base, 5 rather approximated, 6 and 7 stalked.

Type S. tetraptila. To this genus is also referable Chelaria
albogrisea Wals.

Semodictis tetraptila, n. sp. (Plate Y, fig. 7).

Male, female, 16-17 mm. Head and thorax pale grey mixed
with whitish. Palpi grey irregularly mixed with dark grey and
whitish, second joint with two separate tufts. Abdomen grey,
suffused with ochreous-whitish towards base. Forewings elongate,
narrow, widest at J, thence gradually narrowed, costa with scales
rather prominent beyond middle, apex rounded, termen very obliquely
rounded ; light grey mixed with wdiitish, with some scattered blackish
scales ; several small blackish-grey spots on basal fourth ; a blackish-
grey trapezoidal blotch in disk before middle, broadest beneath,
preceded by some brownish suffusion ; an irregular dark fuscous spot
extending along costa from J to middle almost confluent with this ;
apical f of wing irregularly marked with grey, suffusedly mixed
with blackish, with a more defined dark spot on costa at and
a black mark at apex; cilia light greyish, irrorated with whitish,
towards base indistinctly barred with blackish irroration. Hindwings
grey, paler towards base; cilia light greyish.

Kranspoort, Pretoria District, in December ; two specimens.

Hothris rhyodes, n. sp. (Plate Y, fig. 8).

Male, 17 mm. Head and thorax white, shoulders suffused with
fuscous. Palpi white, second joint with very long dense triangular

Annals of the Teansyaal Museum.

17

tuft, externally fuscous except along apex, terminal joint with
anterior edge dark fuscous. Antennae dark fuscous. Abdomen grey-
whitish. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa slightly arched, apex
round-pointed, termen extremely obliquely rounded ; light fuscous,
suffusedly mixed throughout with whitish ; veins in disk and two or
three towards costa posteriorly partially indicated by series of
scattered blackish scales ; similar series along termen and posterior
part of costa; cilia ochreous-whitish, sprinkled with fuscous towards
base. Hindwings light grey; cilia ochreous-whitish tinged with grey
towards base.

Rietfontein No. 57, Pretoria District, in September; one
specimen.

Notheis (P) pycnodes, n. sp. (Plate Y, fig. 9).

Male, 21-22 mm. Head and thorax wdiitish-ochreous tinged with
brownish, beneath wings with patches of flat expansible scales.
Palpi whitish-ochreous irregularly mixed and suffused with fuscous,
second joint with moderate rough rounded tuft beneath, terminal
joint thickened with scales except on apex. Abdomen whitish-
ochreous suffused with fuscous. Forewings elongate, rather narrow,
costa gently arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ;
fuscous ; an indistinct blackish dot beneath costa near base, stigmata
blackish, partially edged with light greyish-ochreous, plical larger,
obliquely before first diskal ; costa somewhat suffused with pale
greyish-ochreous towards middle ; a suffused pale greyish-ochreous
spot on costa about f, with faint traces of a curved transverse line
rising from it; cilia light greyish-ochreous suffused with fuscous.
Hindwings grey, becoming paler and tinged with whitish-ochreous
towards base ; cilia pale whitish-ochreous, with light fuscous sub-
basal shade.

Pretoria District, in January; two specimens. The thickening
of terminal joint of palpi is an unusual character in the genus.

Teichotaphe claviculata, n. sp. (Plate Y, fig. 10).

Female, 16 mm. Head and thorax fuscous-grey, face whitish-
fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous, second joint with dense expanded scales
towards apex above and beneath, extreme apex whitish, terminal
joint longer than second, whitish except anterior edge. Abdomen
light fuscous. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa gently
arched, apex obtuse, termen rounded, rather strongly oblique; glossy
fuscous-grey, sprinkled with black, especially towards margins ; costal
edge whitish-ochreous on anterior half, with a black basal dot ; a
slightly curved slender black bar in disk at \ representing plical
and first diskal stigmata ; a very small whitish-ochreous spot on costa
at | ; cilia light grey. Hindwings grey ; cilia light grey.

Pretoria; one specimen bred in July. [Only one caterpillar of
1 in. long, very thin, and of a green colour, was found feeding on
the leaves of Combretum (A. J. T. J.)]

Teichotaphe ieonica, n. sp. (Plate YI, fig. 1).

Male, 15 mm. Head and thorax rather dark fuscous, sides of
crown whitish-ochreous. Palpi dark, fuscous, second joint much
thickened with appressed scales, above with expansible scales towards
apex, apex _ ochreous-whitish, terminal joint longer than second,
ochreous-whitish towards base. Antennae dark fuscous. Abdomen

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Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

grey. Forewings sub-oblong, rather narrow, costa gently arched,,
apex obtuse, termen rather obliquely rounded ; dark purplish-fuscous ;
stigmata cloudy, blackish, plical beneath first diskal, a similar less
distinct spot midway between first diskal and base ; a cloudy pale
ochreous dot on costa at § ; some blackish lunate marks on termen ;
cilia fuscous, wfith basal spots of pale ochreous suffusion on these
marks. Hindwings rather dark grey; cilia whitish-grey, with grey
sub-basal shade.

Warmberg, Zoutpansberg District, in December : one specimen..
Ypsolophus tephrodes, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 2).

Female, 17 mm. Head dark grey sprinkled with whitish. Palpi
dark fuscous, scale of second joint expanded above and in a triangular
apical tuft beneath, irrorated with white along apex, terminal joint
white posteriorly. Thorax ochreous-brownish, centrally suffused with
grey. Abdomen rather dark grey. Forewings elongate, rather
narrow, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen obliquely rounded ;
ochreous-brownish, more ochreous towards costa anteriorly; costal
edge blackish towards base ; stigmata moderate, dark fuscous, diskal
approximated, plical obliquely before first diskal ; posterior portion
of wing slightly infuscated, with an indistinct curved transverse
shade of ground colour about J ; cilia ochreous-brownish. Hind-
wings rather dark grey ; cilia grey.

Warmberg, Zoutpansberg District, in March; one specimen.

COSMOPTERYGIDAE.

Cosmopteryx oxyglossa, ii. sp. (Plate YI, fig. 3).

Male, 10 mm. Head blackish, crown with white central and
lateral lines. Palpi white, lined with black. Antennae dark grey
ringed with whitish (imperfect). Thorax black with three white lines.
Abdomen light bronzy-ochreous. Forewings narrowly lanceolate,,
apex very slenderly long-produced, caudate ; blackish ; a white sub-
costal streak from base to near J ; a short white median line beneath
extremity of this ; a white sub-dorsal line starting at \ and running
into an acute orange median projection of band ; a broad orange band
hardly beyond middle, anterior edge marked with two golden-metallic
spots, upper followed by two or three black scales, lowTer somewhat
posterior, posterior edge also marked with two golden-metallic opposite
spots preceded by a few black scales, between which is a short orange
projection, whence a sinuate white line proceeds along termen to
apex; cilia dark grey. Hindwings and cilia grey.

Pretoria, in December; one specimen.

Cosmopteryx scaligera, n. sp. (Plate YI, fig. 4).

Male, 14 mm. Head dark fuscous, crown with white central and
lateral lines, face whitish-bronzy. Palpi white, lined with black.
Antennae with basal half white lined with black, apical three joints
whitish, then four dark fuscous, one white, one dark fuscous, rest
white with dark fuscous apical rings. Thorax dark fuscous with
three white! lines. (Abdomen broken.) Forewings narrowly
lanceolate, apex very slenderly long-produced, caudate ; dark fuscous ;
costal edge white from l to band ; fine white sub-costal, median,
and sub-dorsal lines all reaching from base to band; tips pale
yellowish; a moderate pale ochreous-yellow median band,, narroweff

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

19

towards dorsum, anterior edge marked with two pale golden-metallic
spots, upper followed by a large black dot, lower markedly posterior,
posteriorly edged by a pale golden-metallic entire streak, beyond
which a streak at first pale yellow and broad but soon becoming
narrow and white extends along termen to apex; cilia pale grey
tinged with ochreous, on costa white. Hindwdngs light grey; cilia
pale grey tinged with ochreous.

Kranspoort, Pretoria District, in December; one specimen.

Stagmatophora narcota, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 5).

Female, 18 mm. Head white, with a light pinkish-fuscous stripe
on crown. Palpi whitish, second joint pale brownish, terminal joint
with fuscous line internally. Antennae whitish. Thorax light
pinkish-fuscous, with a white stripe on each side of back. Abdomen
ochreoijs-whitish. Forewings very narrow, apex slenderly long-
pointed, acute, termen sinuate ; pinkish-fuscous, lighter posteriorly
and towards dorsum ; costal edge whitish towards middle; two whitish
streaks from base to tornus, first along fold, with a black dot beneath
it in middle of wing, second almost dorsal ; an undefined line of dark
grey suffusion from disk at J to apex ; a whitish line along termen
throughout; cilia whitish-ochreous tinged wTith brownish. Hindwings
grey ; cilia whitish-ochreous tinged with grey.

Albert Mine, Pretoria District, in January; one specimen.

Stagmatophora tripola, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 6).

Male, 11-12 mm. Head ochreous-whitish, crown tinged with
red-brownish. Palpi ochreous-whitish, second joint with basal and
median bands, terminal joint with a median band of faint pale red-
brownish suffusion and a black sub-apical ring. Antennae ochreous-
whitish dotted with blackish. Thorax red-brownish, partly edged
with ochreous-whitish. Abdomen blackish-grey, anal tuft ochreous-
whitish. Forewings very narrow, widest near base, gradually
narrowed, acute-pointed ; red-brownish ; a line of blackish and whitish
irroration along fold from base to first fascia ; a slender ochreous-
whitish almost straight direct transverse fascia at J, on costa enlarged
and including a black sub-costal dot, anteriorly edged with black in
disk, posteriorly edged with dark grey irroration which is also
produced into a short streak above middle ; a narrow grey streak
irrorated with blackish proceeding from dorsum in middle of wing
obliquely outwards to costa, thence along costa to f ; a slender
ochreous-whitish streak along termen, lower half irrorated with dark
grey, upper half edged posteriorly with blackish, more or less tending
to be connected in middle with posterior extremity of preceding ;
cilia light red-brownish, towards tornus suffused with dark grey, at
apex with two rather indistinct blackish hooks. Hindwings dark
grey; cilia grey.

Pretoria, in January and February; two specimens. Allied to
spodochtha from Ceylon, but differing in details of marking and
without the dark bands towards apex of antennae.

Stagmatophora sclerodes, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. T).

Male, 8 mm. Head dark fuscous. Palpi fuscous, anterior edge
blackish, apex of second joint whitish. Antennae dark fuscous, apical
fourth white. Thorax blackish-fuscous, posterior extremity ochreous-
whitish. Abdomen fuscous mixed with whitish. Forewings

20

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

lanceolate, acute ; blackish-fuscous ; markings ochreous-whitish ; a
moderate fascia almost at base ; a roundish blotch in disk slightly
beyond middle, almost touching dorsum ; a small costal spot about f ,
and a dorsal dot opposite ; cilia blackish-fuscous, towards tornus grey.
Hindwings grey; cilia light grey.

Pretoria, in October; one specimen.

Stagmatophora phalacra, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 8).

Female, 10 mm. Head dark grey, collar and back of crown
whitish. Palpi rather stout, dark fuscous, very finely transversely
ribbed with whitish. Antennae dark fuscous, becoming ochreous-
whitish towards apex. Thorax glossy dark fuscous, shoulders
narrowly whitish. Abdomen dark fuscous. Forewdngs rather broad
lanceolate, acute ; glossy dark fuscous, faintly purplish-tinged ; cilia
concolorous. Hindwings grey; cilia fuscous.

Van der Merwe Station, Pretoria District, in December; one
specimen.

Limnoecia neurogramma, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 9).

Female, 27 mm. Head whitish, crown with two dark fuscous
stripes. Palpi dark fuscous mixed with white, especially towards
middle of second joint, terminal joint with some loosely projecting
scales towards apex posteriorly. Antennae fuscous. Thorax fuscous,
suffused anteriorly with dark fuscous with a whitish stripe on each
side of back. Abdomen fuscous. Forewings lanceolate; fuscous
strongly streaked with blackish between veins; costal edge white from
\ to | ; a white sub-costal streak from base to beyond middle ; a
white streak almost along dorsum from base to tornus, thence
continued along termen to apex ; margins of cell and internal vein
marked with strong white streaks ; other veins partially indicated
with whitish ; cilia light fuscous ; basal half mixed with blackish, at
apex with a white bar. Hindwings rather dark fuscous; cilia light
fuscous.

Warmberg, Zoutpansberg District, in December; one specimen.

This, and the next species, which are obviously allied together,
both show peculiarities in the scaling of the palpi, but the known
species of Linnoecia already show much diversity in this respect.

Limnoecia eretmota, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 10).

Male, 20 mm. Head white, sides of face dark fuscous. Palpi
white, second joint above with rough projecting scales diminishing
to apex, beneath rough-scaled towards apex, externally mixed with
dark fuscous, terminal joint slender, with anterior edge dark fuscous.
Thorax white, shoulders and a narrow dorsal stripe becoming obsolete
posteriorly dark fuscous. Abdomen whitish-yellowish. Fore wings

lanceolate ; light fuscous, marked with dark fuscous lines between
veins, and in cell mixed with dark fuscous ; costa narrowly white
from near base to § ; costal area with suffused white streaks between
the dark lines ; a narrow whitish streak along dorsum ; a strong white
streak beneath middle from base to termen, posteriorly broken up
into several branches beneath along veins ; cilia light fuscous mixed
with whitish (imperfect). Hindwings grey; cilia pale whitish-
ochreous.

Pretoria, in January; one specimen.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

21

Mompha quinquecristata Wals.

20-22 mm. Palpi white with black bands. Forewings with a
small white inwardly oblique mark on costa at f, and a white linear
dot at extreme apex (these are indicated in Lord Walsingham’s
figure but not in his description) ; the scale tufts, though not truly
metallic, have yet in certain lights a strong golden iridescence.

Pretoria, in December.

Stathmopoda tricfiodora, n. sp. (Plate VII, fig. 1).

Male, 16 mm. Head wdiitish-ochreous (partly defaced). Palpi
whitish-ochreous. Antennae ciliations fasciculate 1-J, Thorax
whitish-ochreous, spotted with dark fuscous. Abdomen whitish-
ochreous banded with ferruginous, with lateral series of blackish
spots, anal segment ochreous-orange with blackish apex. Posterior
tibiae and basal joint of tarsi clothed with very long rough projecting
blackish and whitish bristly scales. Forewings lanceolate, acute ;
whitish-ochreous ; markings dark grey mixed with black ; a narrow
costal streak from base to middle, with a short projection near base;
an elongate spot on base of dorsum; an elongate blotch extending
over costal half of wing from J to beyond middle, connected by
moderate irregular fasciae with dorsum before middle and tornus,
latter extended as a streak along termen to apex; a roundish spot in
disk at ; two or three inwardly oblique marks on costa towards
apex; cilia grey, above apex pale fulvous, beneath tornus tinged with
fulvous. Hindwings fulvous irrorated with fuscous; cilia light grey
tinged with fulvous.

Waterfall, Zoutpansberg District, in November; one specimen,

Eretmocera scatospila Z.

Pretoria District, in April.

Eretmocera florifera, n. sp. (Plate VII, fig. 2).

Female, 12 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark bronzy-fuscous ;
palpi whitish towards base ; thorax with a pale yellow spot on each
side posteriorly. Antennae purple-blackish, median third with long
rough projecting scales above. Abdomen bright deep yellow, with
deep fuscous-purple dorsal spot extending over two basal segments,
apical segment blackish except tip. Forewings lanceolate; purple-
blackish ; a moderate roundish pale ochreous-yellow spot in disk at J ;
a small wdiitish yellowish spot on tornus and one rather beyond it
on costa; cilia purple-blackish. Hindwings bright deep yellow; a
dark purplish-fuscous apical patch covering rather more than J,
anterior edge with projections in disk and on termen ; cilia deep
yellow, round apical patch dark fuscous. Under-surface of all wings
deep yellow with dark fuscous apical patches.

Pretoria, in December; one specimen.

SCYTRIDAE.

Scytpiris cometa, n. sp. (Plate VII, fig. 3).

Female 13 mm. Head and thorax grey suffused with whitish.
Palpi pale grey suffused with white towards base. Antennae dark
grey. Abdomen grey, beneath whitish. Forewings elongate, rather
narrow, apex produced, acute, termen sinuate, very oblique; grey,
with a faint purplish gloss towards apex ; a moderately broad suffused

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Aral's of the Transvaal Museum.

whitish streak beneath middle from base to near termen, posteriorly
tending to be trifurcate on veins ; a suffused whitish line along vein
lb throughout, another along dorsum to tornus ; cilia grey, with
slight bronzy gloss. Hindwings with 4 and 5 stalked; dark grey;
cilia dark grey.

Pretoria, in April; one specimen “ on Compositae

ScYTHRIS OCHRANTHA, 11. sp. (Plate VII, fig. 4).

Female, 22 mm. Head ochreous-yellow. Palpi pale ochreous-
yellowish, anterior edge of terminal joint fuscous. Antennae blackish.
Thorax pale ochreous. Abdomen ochreous-yellowish. Forewings
lanceolate, acute ; 6 to close below apex ; pale ochreous, costa more
yellowish ; cilia light ochreous-yellow. Hindwings f , all veins

separate; dark grey; cilia light ochreous-yellow.

Colenso, Natal, in March; one specimen.

Scythris pelochyta, n. sp. (Plate VII, fig. 5).

Male, female, 10-12 mm. Head yellow-ochreous. Palpi whitish-
ochreous. Thorax pale bronzy ochreous. Abdomen light grey.
Forewings lanceolate, acute; pale bronzy-ochreous, in one specimen
tinged with grey; cilia concolorous. Hindwings 5, all veins

separate; grey; cilia light grey tinged with ochreous.

Pretoria, in August and November; three specimens.

OECOPHORIDAE.

Hypercallia sincera, n. sp. (Plate VII, fig. 6).

Male, 24 mm. Head, palpi, antennae, and thorax ochreous-
white; antennal ciliations 4. Abdomen pale whitish-ochreous. Fore-
wiqgs elongate, costa gently arched, apex pointed, termen slightly
sinuate, rather strongly oblique; ochreous-white; cilia white. Hind-
wings and cilia ochreous-white.

Bronkhorst Spruit, Pretoria District, in December; one specimen.
Depress aria trimenella Wals.

Pretoria District, in February; one specimen. Forewings with
2 and 3 stalked.

Diocosma tricycla, n. sp. (Plate VII, fig. 7).

Male 21 mm. Head yellowish- white. Palpi whitish, slightly
crimson-tinged externally, second joint suffused with crimson towards
apex. Antennae whitish-ochreous, basal joint crimson above with
apex white. Thorax whitish-yellow, patagia with a crimson stripe
becoming purplish at apex. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Forewings
elongate, rather narrow, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed,
termen very obliquely rounded ; light yellow ; a purplish-grey streak
along dorsum and termen throughout, continued round apical third
of costa where its anterior extremity is expanded, towards base of
dorsum suffused with crimson ; two purple-grey blotches edged with
deep crimson-ferruginous resting on this streak and reaching § across
wing, first before middle, somewhat reniform, second beyond middle,
circular, connected with first in disk ; some grey suffusion towards
apex ; cilia light grey, on costa and round apex suffused with light
crimson. Hindwings ochreous-whitish; cilia pale whitish-ochreous;

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

•costal hair-pencil pale yellowish. Forewings beneath with patch of
modified light yellowish-fuscous scales occupying cell and extending
above it, lower margin of cell with fringe of hairs directed obliquely
upwards.

Lekkerwater (Rietfontein No. TO), Zoutpansberg District, in
September; one specimen.

Prosarotra, n. g.

Head with loosely appressed hairs, side-tufts spreading ; ocelli
present; tongue developed. Antennae f, in male simple, basal
joint moderate, without pecten. Labial palpi very long, curved,
ascending, second joint thickened with appressed scales, above with
scales roughly spreading towards apex, terminal joint shorter than
second, moderate, acute. Maxillary palpi very short, filiform
appressed to tongue. Posterior tibiae clothed with long hairs above.
Forewings with 2 from towards angle, T and 8 stalked, T to termen,
11 from middle. Hindwings 1, elongate-ovate, cilia j-§, 3 and 4
connate, 5-7 parallel.

Type ciganopis Meyr., from Ceylon.

Prosarotra sarcopa, n. sp. (Plate YII, fig. 8).

Female, 18 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dull crimson.
Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex
obtuse, termen straight, oblique ; dull crimson ; costal edge grey
towards base, thence obscurely whitish to middle ; a dark grey streak
edged posteriorly with ochreous-yellow running from disk before
J to dorsum beyond middle ; second diskal stigma blackish-grev : a
short inwardly oblique whitish streak from tonus, edged anteriorly
by a patch of dark grey suffusion; a few scattered dark grey scales
posteriorly; cilia light crimson, base whitish-suffused. Hindwings
light grey; cilia grey- whitish.

Pretoria, in March; one specimen.

XYLORYCTIDAE.

Procometis oxypora Meyr.

One male, 32 mm. ; one female, 42 mm. Forewings with costa
suffused with white, especially in female. Hindwings in male rather
dark grey, costal hair-pencil grey; in female grey, cilia whitish-
ochreous.

Pretoria District, in December and January.

STENOMIDAE.

Palaetheta, n. g.

Head with appressed scales, side-tufts loosely spreading ; ocelli
apparently absent; tongue developed. Antennae J, basal joint rather
elongate, with pecten. Labial palpi long, recurved, second joint
beneath with moderate tuft of projecting hairs towards apex, terminal
joint as long as second, moderate, acute. Maxillary palpi very short,
filiform. Posterior tibiae clothed with rough hairs. Forewings with
2 and 3 stalked, * separate, to costa, 11 from middle. Hindwings 1,
elongate-ovate, cilia 1 ; 3 and 4 connate, 5-7 tolerably parallel, 6 to
apex.

Allied to Parexaida .

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Palaetheta ischnozona, n. sp. (Plate VII, fig. 9).

Female, 13-14 mm. Head white, crown with a central blotch
of dark fuscous irroration. Palpi white, second, and terminal joints
each with two dark fuscous bands. Thorax white, variably spotted
with dark fuscous irroration. Abdomen white, segments banded
with ferruginous. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex,
obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded ; white ; three narrow oblique
fasciae of dark fuscous irroration partially suffused with brownish,
first from middle of base to J of dorsum, second from middle of costa
to tornus, narrowest in disk, dilated on tornus, third from f of
costa to termen beneath apex, slender and interrupted ; plical stigma
dark fuscous ; cilia white, near tips with a series of dark fuscous
points. Hindwings light grey or whitish-grey; cilia ochreous-whitislu

Pretoria, in December and February; two specimens.

Stenoma ovata Wals.

One male, 28 mm. Pretoria District, in September. If correctly
identified, a true Stenoma, except that labial palpi are shorter than
usual, with second joint more densely scaled.

GRACILAPIADAE.

Epicephala barbitias, n. sp. (Plate VII, fig. 10).

Female, 12 mm. Head and thorax white, face with a blackish
spot on each side, patagia fuscous. Palpi white, apex of second joint
and a median band of terminal joint black. (Abdomen broken.)
Forewings very narrow, tolerably pointed; light fuscous, towards
costa sprinkled with black and grey-whitish ; three or four more or
less marked fine longitudinal lines of black scales in disk from base
to about f a moderate white dorsal streak from base to near apex,,
somewhat mixed with fuscous, upper edge slightly sinuous and
marked with some black scales in sinuations ; two oblique white
strigulae from costa towards apex ; a black apical dot containing a
very fine white V-shaped mark; cilia light fuscous, basal half barred,
with whitish, outer half round apex and upper part of termen whitish
with two black lines. Hindwings grey; cilia light ochreous-greyish..

Pretoria, in September; one specimen.

Epicephala veneranda, n. sp. (Plate VIII, fig. 1).

Female, 13-14 mm. Head white. Palpi wdnte, second joint
light greyish-oclireous with very long' dense projecting tuft beneath.
Antennae dark grey. Thorax white sprinkled with grey. Abdomen
grey mixed with whitish. Forewings very narrow, shortly round-
pointed ; grey, mixed with dark fuscous and sprinkled with whitish
a moderate white streak along dorsum from base almost to apex,
upper edge rather irregular, posterior portion cleft by a dark fuscous;
vein; two silvery-metallic lines crossing wing* posteriorly, becoming
white towards costa, first from beyond middle of costa to tornus,.
angulated in disk, second about | direct, curved, enlarged at lower
extremity; between these are one or two white interneural streaks
above dorsal streak, and a dark fuscous streak beneath costa ; beyond
second in middle is a small blackish suffused spot above which is a
white dot ; cilia greyisli-ochreous, on costa fuscous with base whitish,,

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

25'

on upper part of termen white with blackish basal line. Hindwings
rather dark grey; cilia ochreous-grey.

Beynespoort, Pretoria District, in December and January; two
specimens. Distinguished from all described species of the genus by
the long tuft of palpi, but in all other characters quite typical.

ELACHISTIDAE.

Elachista chelonitis, n. sp. (Plate VIII, fig. 2).

Male, 10 mm. Head white. Palpi white, tinged with ochreous
towards base, second joint rather rough beneath. Antennae and
thorax ochreous-whitish. Abdomen grey, sides and apex whitish-
ochreous. Forewings rather broad-lanceolate; 4 absent, 8 absent;
white ; markings light yellow-oclireous ; an elongate spot about fold
before J, edged above and beneath with some blackish specks ; two
moderate fasciae marked with costal spots and sub-dorsal dots of
blackish irroration, first median, rather oblique, second beyond J,
direct ; a transverse spot before apex ; an irregular streak of fine dark
fuscous irroration runs in disk from first fascia to anteapical spot ;
a blackish mark on termen between second fascia and anteapical
spot ; cilia ochreous-whitish with some scattered black specks,
especially round apex. Hindwings with 4 present; grey; cilia
whitish-oclireous tinged with grey.

Van der Merwe Station, Pretoria District, in December; one
specimen.

PLTTTELLID AE .

Temelucha, n. g.

Head with appressed scales; ocelli present; tongue developed.
Antennae f, basal joint rather short, with dense anterior pecten of
scales. Labial palpi moderate, sub-ascending, second joint thickened
wuth dense appressed scales, terminal joint very short, loosely scaled,
obtuse. Maxillary palpi rudimentary. Posterior tibiae with short
bristly hairs above. Forewings with slight dorsal scale-teeth; 2 from
angle, 6 and T stalked, T to costa, .11 from before middle. Hind-
wings |, lanceolate, cilia 2\ ; 4 and 5 rather approximated to 6,
6 and 7 connate.

Allied to Epermenia.

Temelucha xeropa, n, sp. (Plate VIII, fig. 3).

Female, 12 mm. Head and thorax white sprinkled with grey.
Palpi white irrorated with blackish except apex of joints. Abdomen
whitish. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa slightly arched, apex
pointed, termen extremely obliquely rounded ; fuscous finely irrorated
with whitish, with a few dark fuscous specks ; dorsum suffused with
whitish ; a light brownish-ochreous sub-costal streak from base to § ;
a transverse brownish-ochreous spot below fold at 1 ; a larger
transverse brownish-ochreous dorsal spot before middle, reaching
half across wing, from summit of which a partially interrupted light
ochreous streak runs to apex ; black dots in disk at J, beyond middle,
and beyond f, last somewhat larger and elongate; undefined small
scale-projections of blackish irroration on dorsal spot and before
tornus ; cilia pale whitish-oclireous, round apex fuscous-tinged and

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

26

irrorated witli blackish and whitish with a dark fuscous sub-apical
line. Hindwings pale grey; cilia pale whitish-ochreous.

Albert Mine, Pretoria District, in January; one specimen.

SlMAETHIS AEGYPTIACA Z.

Pretoria, in November; one specimen.

Choreutis bjerkandrella Thnb.

Pretoria, in October.

Glyphipteryx ditiorana Walk (Plate III, fig. 4).

Pretoria, in December.

TINEIDAE.

Leucoptera scammatxas, n. sp. (Plate VIII, fig. 4).

Male, 4 mm. Head white, with small frontal tuft. Thorax
white. Abdomen grey. Forewings lanceolate; white; two narrow
slightly curved fuscous transverse fasciae irrorated with blackish,
fi st beyond middle, second just before apex and partly in cilia ; cilia
otherwise white. Hindwings grey; cilia white.

Pretoria, in September; one specimen. The neuration of this
small and distinct species is not clearly perceptible, but seems
consistent.

Bucculatrix portilmis Meyr.

One male, 7 mm. ; in March. The dorsal blackish patch should
be described as a transverse spot of raised scales.

Hieroxestis praematura, n. sp. (Plate VIII, fig. 5).

Male, female, 16-17 mm. Head bronzy-fuscous, face shining
brassy- whitish-ochreous. Palpi whitish-ochreous, externally more or
less infuscated. Antennae whitish-ochreous, infuscated above, basal
joint very long, somewhat swollen and flattened, in male thickened
above with very dense projecting scales diminishing to apex. Thorax
dark bronzy-fuscous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Forewings
lanceolate, acute; dull purplish-fuscous, variably more or less mixed
with bronzy-shining whitish-ochreous ; always a suffused shining
whitish-ochreous spot on dorsum before tornus, and usually one or
two smaller spots on dorsum anteriorly; cilia whitish-ocherous mixed
with dark fuscous towards base. Hindwings in male with long
expansible hairs at base of costa and dorsum ; pale fuscous, with
bronzy reflections, towards base paler and tinged with whitish-
ochreous ; cilia whitish-ochreous.

Pinetown, Natal; sixteen specimens in January (Leigh) and one
in May (Janse). To this genus should also be referred phaeochalca
Meyr, described from Peunion as an Opogona through overlooking the
frontal tuft, which is, in this species, small and inconspicuous ; it
is common at Pinetown with praematura , but always distinct,
12-14 mm., forewings without pale admixture or praetornal spot;
hindwings and cilia grey (female) ; the male is peculiar in appearance,
having a broad undefined median fascia of yellow-oehreous suffusion,
and in the hindwings a median hyaline streak from base to near
apex and a blackish apical patch.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

27

Gephyristis, n. g.

Head roughly tufted above, hairs of face appressed in middle,
shortly rough on sides; ocelli present; tongue obsolete. Antennae
I ( ?), in male simple, basal joint moderate. Labial palpi moderate,
straight, porrected, somewhat loosely scaled, second joint with two
or three apical bristles, terminal joint shorter than second, hardly
pointed. Maxillary palpi moderately long, filiform, folded.
Posterior tibiae clothed with long hairs above. Forewings wdth 2
from angle, 3 absent, 4 absent, 5 out of 6 near base, 7 and 8 out
of 6, 7 to costa, 11 from before middle. Hindwings f, lanceolate,
cilia 4; 4 absent, 5 and 6 connate, 7 approximated to 6 at base. A
development of Tinea , with reduced neuration, like Demohrotis.

Gephyristis anchiala, n. sp. (Plate VIII, fig. 6).

Male, 13 mm. Head and thorax whitish-ochreous, patagia dark
fuscous. Palpi whitish-ochreous, terminal joint externally dark
fuscous. Abdomen grey, apex ochreous-wrhitish. Forewings elongate-
lanceolate, acute ; dark fuscous ; a rather broad whitish-ochreous
dorsal stripe from base to apex, finely attenuated and irregular-edged
posteriorly, with an oblique indentation opposite tornus ; cilia whitish-
ochreous, on costa dark fuscous. Hindwings grey; cilia whitish-grey
tinged with ochreous at base.

Pretoria, in December; one specimen.

Tinea adamasta, n. sp. (Plate VIII, fig. 7).

Male, 19-24 mm. Head yellow. Palpi dark fuscous, maxillary
rather short, three-jointed. Antennae whitish-ochreous, tinged with
grey towards base. Thorax ligdit yellow, anterior margin dark
fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-yellowish. Forewings elongate, costa
moderately arched, apex obtuse, terrnen very obliquely rounded ;
ochreous-yellow ; costal edge dark fuscous towards base ; cilia ochreous-
yellow. Hindwings and cilia whitish-ochreous yellowish.

Kranspoort, Pretoria District, in December ; Camperdown and
Pinetown, Natal, from January to April (Leigh); six specimens.

Barbaroscardia fasciata Wals.

Pretoria District, in October.

"Mela sin a liochra Meyr.

Female paler throughout than male, forewmgs pale whitish-
ochreous, with grey diskal dot; hindwings grey with ochreous- whitish
cilia ; but a male from Pietersburg is almost as pale with diskal dot
little marked.

Melasina agria, n. sp. (Plate VIII, fig. 8).

Male 15 mm. Head light fuscous, faintly ochreous-tinged.
Palpi moderate, densely scaled, fuscous. Antennal pectinations 2\.
Thorax rather dark fuscous. Abdomen fuscous. Forewings elongate,
costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, terrnen obliquely rounded; all
veins separate ; fuscous, sprinkled with darker ; indications of a line
•iof dark fuscous scales from f of costa to tornus ; cilia fuscous

28

Annals. of the Teansyaal Museum.

sprinkled with darker. Hindwings rather dark fuscous ; cilia as in
forewings.

Pretoria District, in October; one specimen.

ADELIDAE.

Nemophoea libeopis Meyr.

Male, 20 mm. Head mixed with dark fuscous between antennae.
Eorewings with 8 and 9 separate ; blackish scales rather numerous*,
tending to form lines on veins.

Pretoria, in March; one specimen.

PI. I

Janse del.

1. Trichoptilus vivax.

2. „ varius.

3. 9} maceratus.

$ n. sp.
5 n. sp.
$ n. sp.

4. Pterophorus colubratus. $ n. sp.

5. „ verax. $ n. sp.

6. 5J ammonias. $ n. sp.

PL II.

Janse del.

2

3

4

Platyptilia sabia. Feld. $

Pteropliorus crepuscularis. $ n. sp.

Agdistis malitiosa. $ n. sp.

Orneodes certifica. $ n. sp.

5. Pharmacis assecula. $ n sp.

6. Epichorista gerseas. $ n. sp.

7. Tortrix pharetrata. $ n. sp.

8. Ancylis halisparta. $ n. sp.

PI. III.

Janse del.

1.

2.

3-

4-

5-

Eucosma tremula. $ n. sp.

6.

Eucosma marmara.

$

n. sp.

„ monitrix. n. sp.

7-

Baitra pythonia.

?

n. sp.

„ symbola. $ n. sp.

8.

Polychrosis primaria.

?

n. sp.

Glyphipteryx ditiorana. $ Walk.
Eucosma calliarma. £ n* sp.

9-

Laspeyresia halmyris.

$

n. sp.

PI. IV

Janse del.

1. Paltodora operosa. $ n. sp.

2. „ iospila. $ n. sp.

3. Sisotroga celyphodes. $ n. sp.

4. Telphusa probata. £ n. sp.

5. „ lathridia. $ n. sp.

6. Telphusa lathridia. § n. sp

7. „ zymotes. ? n. sp

8. Gelechia mesacta. $ n. sp

9. „ peronectis. $ n. sp

10. Gnorimoschema synecta. $ n. sp

PI. V,

Janse del.

1. Paristhmia barathrodes. $ n. sp

2. Brachmia malacogramma. 5 n. sp

3. Polyhymno pausimacha. $ n. sp

4. „ palinorsa. $ n. sp

5. „ paracma. $ n. sp

6. Polyhymno eurydoxa. $ n. sp.

7. Semodictis tretraptila. £ n. sp.

8. Nothris rhyodes. $ ~ n. sp.

9. „ ? pycnodes. $ n. sp.

10. Trichotaphe claviculata. $ n. sp.

PI. VI.

1. Trichotaphe ironica. $ n. sp.

2. Ypsolophus tephrodes. $ n sp.

3 Cosmopteryx oxyglossa $ n. sp

4 „ scaligera. $ n. sp.

5 . Stagmatophora narcota. $ n. sp.

6. Stagmatophora tripola.

7. „ sclerodes.

8. „ phalacra.

9. Limnoecia neurogramma.

10. „ eretmota.

* Mr. Meyrick must have overlooked the whitish streak along V3 of dorsum in
In C. scaligera the spots on band are not golden but silvery.

$ n. sp.

$ n. sp.

$ n. sp.

? n. sp.

% n. sp.
both species.

TP1. VII.

*

Janse del.

I.

Stathmopoda trichodora.

$ n.sp.

2.

Eretmocera florifera.

$ n. sp.

3-

Scythris cometa.

? n. sp.

4-

„ ochrantha.

$ n. sp.

5-

„ pelochyta.

$ n.sp.

6. Hypercallia siricera. $ n. sp.

7. Diocosma tricycla. $ n. sp.

8. Prosarotra sarcopa. $ n.sp.

9. Palsetheta ischnozona. $ n. sp.

10. Epicephala barbitias. $ n. sp.

PI. VIII.

Janse del.

1. Epicephala veneranda. $ n. sp.

2. Elachista chelonitis. $ n. sp.

3. Temelucha xeropa. $ n. sp.

4. Leucoptera scammatias. $ n. sp.

5-

Hieroxestis prsematura.

2 n. sp.

6.

Gephyristis anchiala.

$ n. sp.

7-

Tinea adamasta.

$ n. sp.

8.

Melasina agria.

$ s. np.

Annals of the Tbansvaal Museum.

29

Description of a New Species of Platysaurus and Notes on the
Specific Characters of certain Species of Zonuridae, together
with Synoptical Keys to all the known South African Species
and a resume of our Knowledge on their Distribution : and
a Key to the known Genera of South African Lizards.

By John Hewitt, B.A. (Cantab.), Assistant for Lower Vertebrates.

Platysaurus wilhelmi, n. sp.

Distinct from tbe other species of Platysaurus in the more
heterogeneous lepidosis of the dorsal surface, in the character of its
occipital scute, and in the shape of the head which is relatively broader
than in P. guttatus .

Occipital of moderate size reaching the interparietal and forming
with it a comparatively broad suture in front ; a single row of enlarged
gular, scales. Dorsal scales of the body varying considerably in size,
being largest along the three white lines of the female and in
corresponding areas in the male, but more especially in the posterior
mid-dorsal region, the smaller scales of the intermediate areas being
much intermixed with granules.

Ventral scales in eighteen to twenty rows, not transversely
elongated in the abdominal region or only slightly so.

Lateral scales with rather prominent tubercles. Scales on arm,
forearm, and anterior surface of thigh keeled, more strongly so on
the leg. Coloration similar to that of P. guttatus, excepting that
the pale lateral lines of the female are narrower and more clearly
defined; also the white spots of the dorsal surface are less numerous
and more regularly arranged, forming one or two rows on each side
of the mid-dorsal line ; the entire ventral surface of the male is black
and the dorsal surface is dull, tinged with green, and marked with
ill-defined black spots, the tail being red.

The types are a male and a female collected by Mr. Percy
Wilhelm at Nelspruit, Barberton District, and presented to the
Transvaal Museum, November, 1907. The male is 194 mm. in total
length, the tail being 112 mm. ; the total length of the female is
184 mm., its tail being 118 mm. Length of head, in male 19*5 mm.,
in female 16 mm. ; breadth of head, in male 16'6 mm., in female
12' 7 mm.

Since the above description was written I have seen three other
specimens .of this species kindly sent to me by Dr. E. Warren,
Director of Natal Government Museum; these come from Ubombo,
Zululand, and they agree in all essential respects with the Nelspruit
specimens.

Platysaurus guttatus Smith.

The Transvaal Museum has numerous specimens of a species of
Platysaurus from Woodbush and from Dwas Biver, neighbouring

30 Annals of the Teansyaal Museum

localities in tlie Zoutpansberg District. These no doubt belong to
the species which was described (Zool. Jahrb, 1890, p. 605) as inter-
medins by Matschie from specimens which were captured at Haenerts-
burg, which is quite near to Woodbush. Mr. Boulenger now (P.Z.S.,
1907, p. 484) reduces intermedins Matsch. as a synonym of P. guttatus
Smith. It is very probable indeed that Smith’s specimens came
from the same district, as his locality record is “the neighbourhood
of the Limpopo River near the tropic of Capricorn”.

Our Woodbush specimens agree with the description of the type
specimen, a half-grown male, as given in the B.M. Catalogue for
P. guttatus , but they do not agree so well with Smith’s original
description, for he states that the nasal plates are contiguous, which
is not the case in any of our specimens, and, moreover, he describes
the third and fourth fingers as equal in length, whereas, in all our
specimens, the fourth is distinctly longer than the third.

These Zoutpansberg lizards, referable to the species P . guttatus,
have the following characters, some of which are of diagnostic
importance : —

The occipital is usually small, triangular, subtriangular, or very
small and oval, not reaching the interparietal ; occasionally there is,
between the occipital and the interparietal an oblong or elongated
triangular scute, and in one case only out of more than thirty
specimens examined, the occipital itself (or more correctly a scute
formed by the fusion of occipital with the intermediate scute found
in other specimens) reaches the interparietal, forming with it a suture
which, however, is very short.

The ventral scutes are usually in sixteen longitudinal rows, but
sometimes there are eighteen, and rarely as many as twenty ; these
scutes are transversely elongated in the abdominal region, sometimes
being twice as broad as long, but in juvenile specimens this may not
be the case.

The dorsal scales have in some slight degree a differentiation in
size such as I have described for P . wilhelmi, but this is not so
pronounced as in the latter species, nor is there such an intermingling
of granules with the scales proper.

The males have red tails, the throat and belly are of a deep
blue colour, and the dorsal surface is uniformly dark with a blue
tinge — in life the dorsal coloration is a handsome vivid green — the
females have pale tails, the belly is pale with blue centre, the throat
is white but striped with oblique black lines, whilst the dorsal surface
is of the same ground colour as in the male, but has also numerous:
small pale spots and usually also three pale longitudinal lines of which
the two lateral lines are broader and often ill-defined ; rarely the
male also has pale spots dorsally. Our largest examples of this
species reach a length of 260 mm.

Rhodesian specimens, as represented in the collections of the
Rhodesian Museum, present a few points of difference from the Wood-
bush series. The adult males from Khami River and Matopo Hills
agree precisely, except that they are somewhat larger and the belly
(but not the throat) is blackish ; the females differ from the Woodbush
specimens in that the three dorsal lines are sharply defined and have
no pale spots between them, but they agree in the dorsal scaling, and
in one case only (out of ten) the elongated interparietal forms a
comparatively wide suture with the occipital. In this latter case the

Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 31

species resembles tbe female of Wilhelmi, but is distinct therefrom by
the dorsal scaling, by tbe greater elongation of tbe bead, and by its
elongated interparietal scute.

Tbe South African species of Platysaurus can be distinguished
by aid of tbe following key : —

Enlarged gular scales in a double row ... P. torquatus Pet.

Enlarged gular scales in a single row, no occipital

P . capensis Smith

Occipital usually not reaching the interparietal ; dorsal
lepidosis practically homogeneous ... P. guttatus Smith
Occipital reaching the interparietal and forming with it a
comparatively broad suture ; dorsal scales varying
considerably in size in the same transverse line

Pi wilhelmi n. sp.

ZONBBTTS.

The two commonest Transvaal species of Zonurus (Z. vittifer
and Z. jonesii) were also described from insufficient material, and
the ascribed specific characters demand some revision.

Zonurus vittifer Beichenow. — Of this species the Transvaal
Museum has numerous specimens, and it is probably the most
abundant species in the Transvaal. The original description (Zool.
Anz., 188T, p. 3T2) cites as the chief distinctive character: “ Eronto-
nasals*very small and four-sided”; this, however, is not always nor
even usually the case. The frontonasal is often five-sided and of
moderate size or comparatively large ; if it is four-sided the
prefrontals meet in the mid-line, but when it is five-sided there is
usually a small square scute between the frontal and the frontonasal,
thus separating the prefrontals, or the large pentagonal frontonasal
itself may separate the prefrontals.

The species closely resembles Z. cordylus, but differs in that the
nasals form a comparatively long median suture and the frontonasal
is small, or, if large, not transversely elongated, whilst in Z. cordylus
the median suture of the nasals is short and the frontonasal is
transversely elongated and large ; also the dorsal scutes of the second
row posteriorly to the parietals are longitudinally elongated, which
is not the case in Z. cordylus L.

Dr. Jean Boux has proposed (Zool. Jahrb. Ab. Syst. XXV,
p. 418) to sink this species as a variety of Z. cordylus L., but whilst
admitting the close relationship of the two forms, I consider that
the differences between them are really of specific importance ; for,
firstly, the above-mentioned differences are structural and quite
definite, that is to say, it is easy to distinguish between the two
species by consideration of either of these two characters alone, and
our long series have nothing whatever that can be regarded as inter-
mediate ; and, secondly, they occupy different areas of distribution,
Z. vittifer being found in the Transvaal and Xatal, whilst Z. cordylus
is found in Cape Colony and ranges northwards along the western
part of the sub-continent to tropical West Africa.

Zonurus vittifer reaches- no great size, the length of the adult
being about T inches.

Zonurus jonesii Boul. is also abundant in the Transvaal. It was
described (Ann. and Mag. X.H. 6, VII, p. 417) as having pentagonal
frontonasals longer than broad, separating the prefrontals and

32

Annals of the Tkansvaal Museum.

forming a suture with, the frontal ; our large series of this species
shows that the frontonasal is more usually quadrangular and does
not reach the frontal, so that the prefrontals generally form a suture.

Sometimes there is no loreal, this scute having fused with the
preocular. Occasionally, too, there are only five upper labials, and
not infrequently the frontonasal reaches the rostral.

A very distinctive character is furnished by the scaling of the
flanks, these scales being somewhat smaller than the dorsals and
separated from each other by granular intervals. Also a very constant
character is the dark or black (in spirit specimens) lateral band which
is specially marked in the shoulder region.

However, after examining numerous specimens, I have come to
the conclusion that the most reliable point of distinction from
Z. covdylus is to be found in the shape of the head. The differences
between these two species are as follows : —

Z. cordylus has the head flattened from above and expanded
laterally in the temporal region, and the relation of the greatest
breadth to the length (from tip of snout to hind margin of the
parietals) in a representative series of specimens is 20-20'7, 20*3-21*2,
20-21*8, 18-19*3, 21*3-23, 20-22, 19*9-20*5, the figures representing
actual measurements in millimetres, whereas in Z. jonesii the head
is not so much flattened, and is only slightly expanded in the
temporal region, so that the ratio for this species is 15*8-18*4,
15*7-18*2, 16-18*3, 16*5-19, 15*6-18*8, 15-18*2. >

Nevertheless this mode of differentiation is not altogether trust-
worthy when dealing with half-grown specimens of Z. cordylus, as
the following figures relating to this species show : 14*5-17, 15*1-17*9.
And, indeed, though it is usually quite easy to distinguish between
young cordylus and jonesii when the sum total of the characters is
considered, yet rarely a specimen appears which combines together
the characters of both species, and identification thereon becomes
merely a matter of speculation from the locality data.

Z. cordylus has the head scales smooth or irregularly rugose,
whereas in jonesii the head scales, including the temporals, are finely
and reticulately ribbed all over.

The scales on the dorsal surface of the body are, in jonesii,
strongly keeled and obliquely ribbed, whereas, in cordylus, these
scales, at any rate in the mid-dorsal area, are almost or entirely
smooth and not ribbed.

The number of transverse rows of dorsal scales (counting from
the parietal scutes to the base of the tail) varies in jonesii from
twenty-three to twenty-six, and in cordylus from twenty-seven to
twenty-nine. In typical specimens of the two species the lateral
scaling of jonesii, or the transversely elongated frontonasal of
cordylus, are good points of distinction, but, occasionally, such
characters are misleading. For instance, a half-grown specimen
from Selati (Zoutpansberg District), in most respects typically
jonesii,' has large lateral scales strongly imbricated as in cordylus.
A specimen from Uitenhage (Albany Mus. coll.) has the characteristic
shape and general appearance of jonesii, but is aberrant in that the
lateral scaling is just as in cordylus, the frontonasal is transversely
elongated and the dorsal scales are in 27 rows. A specimen from
Steynsburg, C.C. (Albany Museum coll.) agrees almost precisely with
that from Uitenhage, but differs in that the ribbing of the dorsal
scales is only very faintly developed.

Annals op the Tkansvaal Museum.

33

These last two and a still more doubtful specimen without precise
locality constitute the only records with which I am acquainted from
eastern Cape Colony, and from the evidence of these aberrant forms
it is reasonable to expect that a collection of this species in the same
region, an intermediate area between the home of true cordylus and
that of true jonesii, would bring to light a series of intermediates
between the two species.

Zonurus jonesii is a small species, usually about 5 inches long,
and rarely exceeding 5J inches in length.

The South African species of Zonurus may be recognized by the
aid of the following key: —

1. Frontonasal in contact with the rostral. 2.

Frontonasal separated from the rostral.- 3.

2. Head with large spines posteriorly, the dorsal surface

(excluding the flanks) with 23-25 transverse rows of scales,
about 12 in a row' ... ... ... Z. giganteus Smith

Head with short spines posteriorly ; dorsal surface wdth about
- 40 transverse rows of about 20 shields... Z. warreni Boul.

3. Flanks granular, about .10 scales in each transverse row

dorsallv and 8 scales in each ventral row Z. capensis Smith
Flanks not granular, having scales more or less like the
, dorsals ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4

4. A supranasal present, nasal very small, low'er eyelid with a

transparent disk ... ... ... ... ... ... 5

Ho supranasal, nasal of moderate size, lower eyelid opaque 6

5. Dorsally 32-44 transverse series of scales from occiput to base

of tail, the largest row containing 32-38 scales ; anterior
gular scales flat, moderate... ... Z. polyzonus Smith
31 or 32 transverse rows of scales dorsally ; anterior gular
scales almost granular ... ... Z. pustulatus Pet.

6. Hasal swollen, hemispherical, pierced in the centre; temporal

spines present ; dorsal scales in 15 or 16 transverse rows

Z. cataphractus Boie

Hasal not swollen, no temporal spines. T.

7. Scales of the second row' immediately posterior to the

parietals longitudinally elongated ; median suture of nasals
long ... ... ... ... ... Z. vittifer Beich

Scales of the second row immediately posterior to the parietals
not longitudinally elongated. 8.

8. Head depressed and laterally expanded in the temporal region,

the greatest breadth being almost equal to the length of
the head (from tip of snout to parietals) ; frontonasal
transversely elongated ; lateral scales as large as the
dorsals and strongly imbricate ; dorsals in 27 to 29 trans-
verse rows ... ... ... ... ...Z. cordylus L.

Head not much depressed and not much expanded in the
temporal region, the scutes all finely and reticulately
ribbed ; lateral scales smaller than dorsals and separated
from each other by granular intervals ; dorsals in 23 to 26
transverse rows ... ... ... ...Z. jonesii Boul

* This character is not absolutely reliable : in jonesii , and I believe also in cordylus , a
mall p ercentage of the individuals has the frontonasal in contact with the rostral.

34

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

CHAMAESAURA.

The four South African species of this genus all occur in the-
Transvaal, C . aenea being the commonest species.

I suspect, however, that C. didactyla Boul (Proe. Zool. Soc.,
1890, p. 82) will prove to he merely a variety or individual variation
of C. anguina. According to the descriptions the chief difference lies
in the fact that C . didactyla has tw~o tiny digits each with a claw,
whilst C. anguina has only one digit with its small claw; a difference
of colour is also recorded. Of these two species we have four
specimens, of which one (from Irene, Taylor) is- typical anguina;
another from the same locality, and sent by Mr. Taylor at the same
time, is didactyla, and the two others are typically didactyla so far
as the hands are concerned, but the foot in one specimen is didactyl
on one side and monodactyl on the oilier, whilst in the other specimen
the feet can hardly be called didactyl as the second digit and claw
is so very minute. The colour of these specimens of C . didactyla is
exactly that recorded for anguina. Dr. Jean Roux also records
didactylism in a limb of a specimen of C. anguina. The question
of the validity of C. didactyla must, however, remain sub judice
until a good series of specimens can be examined.*

The several species of Chamaesaura can be recognized by the
aid of the following synopsis : —

Fore limbs wanting; scales in 22 longitudinal and 37 or 38
transverse series to base of tail ... ... C. macrolepis Cope

Both pairs of limbs pentadactyle, scales in 28 longitudinal and
42 transverse series ... ... ... C. aenea Wiegm.

Both pairs of limbs styliform, scales in 26 longitudinal and
38 or 39 transverse series —

(a) with two tiny digits each with a claw, the inner digit

shortest ... ... ... ... ...C. didactyla BouL

(b) a single digit clawed at the end ...C. anguina Linn.

P seudocordylus microlepidotus Cuv. See characters of the genus.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE ZONURIDAE.

The exact distribution of the South African reptiles is still
incompletely known, for although European workers have from time
to time published lists of species obtained by travellers in South
Africa, these lists have not been supplemented by local workers. In
fact the only faunistic lists published in South Africa or by local
workers are those of the Natal Government Museum and of Air. Chubb
in Bulawayo. Records of special groups have been published by
Dr. Gough, my predecessor, who dealt with snakes, and by
Dr. Duerden, of the Albany Museum, who worked on tortoises.

However, although it is not yet possible to precisely define the
limits of distribution of some of the species here dealt with, yet I
believe that sufficient data is now forthcoming to enable us to roughly
indicate the specific areas of distribution. Material for this purpose
has been furnished by the extensive collections of this museum, and
for much additional information I am indebted to the authorities
of all the other South African Museums who have kindly placed their
material at my disposal.

* Since this was written my suspicions have been confirmed on examining the collections
of this species in the South African Museum, for specimens from the same localities show all
degrees of variation between typical anguina and didactyla.

Annals of tile Tkansvaal Museum.

35

Also I have made use of the records to be found in the literature
referred to below : —

Bocage. — Herpetology of Angola, 1895. Jornal de Sciencias Math.
Phys., Lisboa, 2, 4, 1896. (Bechuanaland, Modder Biver, and
W. Transvaal.)

Boettger. — Ber. Senck. ges. Frankfort, 1886-1889.

Boulenger. — B.M. Catalogue of Lizards, 1896; P.Z.S., 1897, 800
(N. Nyassaland) ; P.Z.S., 1902, 2 (Mashonaland) ; A.M.N.H.,
7, 12, 1903 (Bichmond District, C.C.) ; P.Z.S., 1905, 248 (Capo
Colony, Natal, Orange Biver Colony, and Transvaal); P.Z.S.,
1907, 2, 483 (Transvaal and Portuguese East Africa) ; Annals
Natal Government Museum, Yol. I, Part 3 (Zululand, Natal).
Chubb.— P.Z.S., 1909, 590.; (Matabeleland.)

Fischer. — Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss, Anst. 5, 1887. (German S.W. Africa.)
Matschie. — Zool. Jahrb., 1890. (Transvaal.)

Boux. — Zool. Jahrb., 1907, 25, 405. (Cape Colony, Natal, Trans-
vaal.) Bevue Suisse Zool., 15, 1907. (Transvaal, Mozambique.)
Smith. — Zoology of S. Africa, 1849.

Tornier. — Zool. Jahrb. 13, 579. (German East Africa.)

Werner. — Yerh. Zool. Ges. Wien. Bd. 43, 1894. (Cape Colony,
Natal, Transvaal.)

In accordance with the usual custom, the northern limits of this
sub-continent are taken from the Zambezi on the east to the Cunene
Biver on the west, but this line certainly constitutes no natural
boundary, for in the eastern portions, the Transvaal and Natal, the
lizard fauna shows a preponderating tropical element accompanied
by only a minority of forms which are confined to the area in
question. On the other hand, Cape Colony has a very distinct and
characteristic reptilian fauna which is strictly limited in its distribu-
tion, and though in the same region there is to be found a much
smaller assembly of reptiles which are also to be found in the
Transvaal, yet the majority of these are widely distributed forms
extending up to the equatorial region and beyond. At the same time,
whilst we must regard the Cape Colony as the principal home of a
fauna peculiarly South African, it should not be forgotten that there
are a few groups, e.g. the Zonuridae, which as a whole are almost
exclusively South African, and the species are more equally distributed
in the several parts of the sub-continent, so that, after all, South
Africa, as we understand it, has some claim to be regarded as a
distinct zoological area whose northern limits are ill-defined because
of a strong infiltration of tropical forms.

In the following lists I have not thought it necessary to quote
every record with which I am acquainted nor the authority for the
record, except in special cases of unusual importance.

Zonurus giganteus Smith.

Smith’s specimens came from the rocky pinnacles of the
Quathlamba Mountains. He suggested that the same species occurs
on the mountains of Great Namaqualand, but I have seen no records
to substantiate this.

The Transvaal Museum has specimens from Bloemfontein, from
Kroonstad (Orange Biver Colony), and from Yereeniging. The
Bloemfontein Musuem has many specimens without locality. The

36

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

distribution of this species is probably Basutoland, Orange River
Colony, and neighbouring portions of the high veld (Transvaal).

ZONURUS WARRENI Boul.

Recorded from TTbombo, Zululand.

Zonurus capensis Smith.

Taken by Smith on the Hottentot Holland Mountain near Cape-
town. So far as I know, this species has never been taken since.

Zonurus polyzonus Smith.

A widely distributed species.

Fischer records it from Walfish Bay, Angra Pequenna, and
Orange River.

The South African Museum has specimens from Steinkopf, Port
Nolloth, Calvinia, and Clanwilliam, and as far south as Hoetjes
Bay, Touws River, and Matjesfontein ; there are some specimens from
Burghersdorp and the Middelburg Division in the eastern portion of
the Cape Colony; Miss Wilman has taken it at Kimberley; the
Albany Museum has a specimen from Steytlerville ; and there are a
number of specimens without locality in the Bloemfontein Museum.

The most northern record with which I am acquainted is Irene,
near Pretoria (Taylor).

The South African Museum has a single record from Natal; we
have no specimen of this species from the eastern parts of the
Transvaal.

The distribution appears to be German S.W. Africa, Cape
Colony (with the exception of the southern coastal districts), Basuto-
land, and Orange River Colony, part of Natal and south-west
Transvaal, and perhaps also — there are no records — British
Bechuanaland.

Zonurus pustulatus Pet.

Recorded from Hereroland, German S.W. Africa.

Zonurus cataphractus Boie.

According to Smith this species is common on the west coast of
Cape Colony.

Jean Roux records it from Namaqualand, and the South African
Museum has specimens from the Calvinia and Clanwilliam Districts,
and from Matjesfontein.

Zonurus jonesii Boul.

This is the common species of the Pretoria District. It occurs
also in the Zoutpansberg District, and the South African Museum
lias specimens from the Matopo Hills (near Bulawayo) and from
Palapye (Bechuanaland); it is found at Kimberley (Miss Wilman),
and the Albany Museum has specimens which I refer to this species
from Steynsburg and Hitenhage. It seems to have an extensive
distribution in the central parts of South Africa, but there are no
records from the coastal regions, the TTitenhage specimen excepted."

* According to a note in the Zoological record the angola species Z. angolensis is really
synonymous with jonesii.

ERRATA.

The records of Zonurus polyzonus, and Chamaesaura anguina
from Irene are incorrect : the former should be Hanover
C.C. and the latter Tokai C.C. ( Vide L. Taylor.)

Page 36 (20 nurus polyzonus).

Page 37 (Chamaesaura anguina).

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

37

ZONURUS CORDYLUS L.

Very abundant in tbe coastal districts of Cape Colony; the most
eastern record in the South African Museum is Tsomo, Transkei
there are several records from some of the interior districts of Cape
Colony, viz., Middleburg District, Bedford District, and Tulbagh
District, but it does not reach so far as the central districts.

This species is recorded from several localities on the west coast
of Africa — Walfijft Bay, for instance — and Bocage records it from
north Angola., where, he says, it occupies a littoral zone. It is not,
however, confined to low-lying districts, as it occurs on the slopes of
Table Mountain. Further, it is recorded by Tornier from German
East Africa, by Boulenger from northern Nyassaland, and from the
Pretoria District (Distants Naturalist in the Transvaal), and by
Chubb from Matabeleland,* but I believe that the two latter records
at any rate are incorrect, for the Pretoria record was published prior
to the separation of vittifer as a species distinct from cordylus, and
all the specimens in the Transvaal Museum which are related to this
species really belong to vittifer or to jonesii, whilst all Matabeleland
specimens now* in the South African Museum are referable to jonesii.

Zonurus vittifer Reich.

This is abundant in the Zoutpansberg District and occurs also
in the Middelburg District, and on the north-w^est Rand. It is recorded
from Ladysmith (Natal), from Reitvlei (TImvoti), from Zululand,
and the Albany Museum has a specimen from Teafontein, about
fifteen miles north-west of Graliamstowm. Apparently its principal
home is in the low veld portions of the Transvaal extending south-
wards into Natal and eastern Cape Colony and westwards for some
distance on the high veld of the Transvaal.

Pseudocordylus microlepidotus Smith occurs on the hills and
mountains of the coastal districts of south and east Cape Colony ; it
is recorded also from the Richmond District. It is found in Natal,
in the Orange River Colony, and in the Transvaal (Wakkerstroom,
Pretoria District, and Zoutpansberg District). I have seen no records
of this species north of the Transvaal, and none from German S.W.
Africa, nor from western Cape Colony.

Chamaesaura aenea Fitz. is common in the Pretoria District,
and it occurs also in the Zoutpansberg, Lydenburg, Middelburg, and
Standerton Districts of the Transvaal. It is found in the Orange
River Colony and in Natal. There are no records of this species
from Cape Colony, nor from German S.W. Africa, and none north
of the Transvaal.

Chamaesaura anguina L. (including also didactyla Boul., which
is not specifically distinct from anguina). This species is common
in the coastal districts of south and east Cape Colony, extending up
into Pondoland, Zululand, Natal, and the Transvaal (Irene, Pretoria
District, Taylor).

The South African Museum has specimens from Namaqualand
and from the Worcester Division of Cape Colony.

Chamaesaura macrolepis Cope occurs in Natal and Zululand, and
the Transvaal Museum has a specimen from White River (Lydenburg
District) taken by Mr. A. T. Cooke. The Port Elizabeth Museum has
a specimen from that neighbourhood.

* I have recently seen the specimen and it proves to be jonesii.

38

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

Bocage records this species from the high plateau of south
Angola.

Platysaurus capensis Smith was taken by Smith in the sandy
deserts of Great Namaqualand.

Platysaurus guttatus Smith occurs in the Zoutpansberg District
of the Transvaal, in Matabeleland, and the South African Museum has
specimens of this species from Mashonaland (near Salisbury) and as
far south as Victoria West, C.C.

Platysaurus wilhelmi, n. sp., was taken at Nelspruit, Barberton
District; it occurs also in Zululand.

Platysaurus torquatus Pet. described from Mozambique.

Key to Genera of South African Lizards.*

1. Limbs present (sometimes much reduced) ... ... ... 10

Limbs none ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2

3. Eyes concealed under the skin ... ... ... ... ... 3

Eyes not concealed under the skin ... ... ... ... 6

,3. Nostril pierced in a separate nasal ... ... ... ... 4

Nostril pierced in the large rostral... ... Typhlosaurus. (An.)

4. Snout rounded or feebly compressed, no large pectoral

segments ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5

Snout broadly projecting with cutting edge, pectoral shields

enlarged ... ... ... ... ... Monopeltis. (Am.)

5. Preanal pores present; an ocular shield ... Amphisbaena. (Am.)
No preanal pores and no ocular shield ... Chirindia. (Am.)

6. Nostril pierced in the large rostral shield, with the posterior

border of which it is connected by a suture ... ... ... T

Nostril pierced between the rostral and a very small nasal or first

labial ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8

7. No eyelids, a supranasal ... ... ... Typhlacontias. (S.)

A transparent lower eyelid, no supranasal ... Acontias. (S.)

8. Palatine bones in contact on the median line ... Scelotes. (S.)

Palatine bones not meeting on the median line ... ... 9

9. Nostril pierced between the rostral and a very small ring-shaped

nasal which is situated between the rostral and the first labial

Herpetosaura. (S.)

Nostril pierced between the rostral, the supranasal, the postnasal,
and the first labial .. . ... ... ... ... Sepsina. (S.)

Nostril pierced between the rostral and first labial

Melanoseps. (S.)

10. Head covered by symetrical plates ... ... ... ... 25

Head not covered by symetrical plates ... ... ... ... 11

11. Digits not arranged in two bundles froming gasping organs 13

Digits arranged in two bundles forming gasping organs ... 12

12. Claws simple, scales on soles smooth ... Chamaeleon. (C.)

Claws bicuspid, scales on soles spinose ... Rhampholeon. (C.)

13. Digits interiorly modified into adhesive organs, i.e. with

swellings on the articulations or lateral expansions of some or
all of the phalanges ... ... ... ... ... ... 14

Digits included in a thick web forming a broad palmar surface

Palmetto gecko. (G.)

Digits not modified into adhesive organs and not broadly
webbed ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 23

* This Key is a modified and enlarged reproduction of an original drawn up by Dr
Gough.

Annals oe the Transvaal Museum.

39

14. Pupil vertical ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 15

Pupil round ; digits narrow at tlie base, the dilatation strong and

discoid, the distal joint strongly curved, and the claw retractile

Lygodactylus. (G.)

15. Digits with no rudiment of web ... ... ... ... . . 16

The dilated digits with a slight rudiment of a web and inferiorly

with transverse undivided lamellae ... H omopholis . (G.)

16. Digits short, cylindrical, clawless, the skin swollen on the palmar

surface and under the articulations, simulating pads

Chondrodactylus (G.)

Digits not as above... ... ... ... ... ... ... 17

17. The distal phalanges laterally not compressed ... ... , . 18

The distal phalanges to some extent laterally compressed : the

distal joint long, free, rising from within the extremity of the
digital expansion ... ... ... i Hemidactylus. (G.)

18. Digits clawed, dilated at the apex, which is furnished inferiorly

with two plates separated by a longitudinal groove ... 19

Digits not as above... ... ... ... ... ... ... 20

19. Digits not dilated at the base, the distal expansion covered above

with scales strongly differentiated from those of the basal part

Phyllodactylus . (G.)

Digits dilated also at the base, the basal expansion with two
pairs of large plates at its extremity ... ... Oedura. (G.)

‘20. Digits with more than three transverse lamellae inferiorly ... 21

Digits with only two enlarged scales under their extremity and a
nail-like scale above ... ... ... ... Col opus (G.)

21. Digits with minute and rather indistinct retractile claws ... 22

Digits clawless, a flat nail-like scale on the extremity above,
below with undivided angular lamellae distally

Pachydactylus. (G.)

"22. Dpper surfaces covered with minute granular scales

Rlioptropus. (G.)

Dpper surfaces covered wflth granules and tubercules of unequal
sizes ... ... ... ... ... Elasmodactylus . (G.)

'23. Body covered with granular scales, digits clawed; toes strongly
fringed laterally with long pointed scales . . .Ptenopus. (G.)
Body covered with imbricate scales ... ... "... ... 24

24. Pupil round, head short, tongue thick, and not protractile

Agama. (A.)

Pupil vertical, head elongate, tongue very long, slender, and
bifid ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Varanus (V .)

25. The rostral takes no part in forming the nostril ... ... 26

Nostril between the rostral and one or more labials (Scelotes

Herpetosaura, and Sepsina) ... ... ... ... ... 8

26. Nostril between the first labial and one or more nasals ... 27

Labials take no part in forming the nostril ... ... ... 30

27. Dorsal scales forming regular longitudinal and transverse series,

squarish, or rhomboidal with osteodermal plates ... ... 28

Dorsal scales roundish, soft, intermixed with granules

Pseudocordylus. (Z.)

28. No praefrontals ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 29

Praefrontals present, tongue with imbricate scale-like papillae
above ... ... ... ... ... Gerrhosaurus. (Gr.)

40

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

29. Lower eyelid scaly (limbs sometimes rudimentary) ; tongue witli

oblique plicae above ... ... ... Tetradactylus. (Gr.)

Lower eyelid with a large transparent disk; tongue with imbricate
scale-like papillae above ... ... ... Cordylosaurus. (Gr.)

30. Nostril in a single nasal ... ... ... ... ... ... 31

Nostril between two to four nasals ... ... ... ... 36

31. Dorsal scales granular, head and body strongly depressed, limbs

well developed ... ... ... ... Flatysaurus. (Z.)

Dorsal scales not granular, but comparatively large and
imbricate ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 32

32. Dorsal scales lanceolate and strongly keeled; body serpent if orm

Chamaesaura. (Z.)

Dorsal scales not lanceolate but rhomboidal or cycloid-
hexagonal ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 33

33. Tail spinose ... ... ... ... ... Zonurus. (Z.)

Tail not spinose ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 34

34. Eyelids well developed, movable... ... ... ... ... 35

Eyelid immovable, transparent, covering the eye

Ablepharus. (S.)

35. Lower eyelid scaly ... ... ... ... . . .Lygosoma. (S.)

Lower eyelid with an undivided, more or less transparent disk

Mabuia. (S.)

36. Collar distinct ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 38

.N o collar ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 37

37. Digits distinctly keeled interiorly, headscales strongly keeled and

striated ... ... ... ... ... Ichnotropis. (L.)

Digits smooth or indistinctly keeled interiorly ; headscales smooth
or merely finely ribbed .. . ... ... Tropidosaura. (L.)--

38. Digits not fringed laterally ... ... ... ... ... 39

Digits fringed laterally sometimes, only feebly so Scapteira. (L.)

39. Digits smooth or indistinctly keeled interiorly ... Nuchas. (L.)

Digits distinctly keeled interiorly ... ... ... Eremias. (L.)

A.

signifies Agamidae.

V.

signifies Varanidae.

Gr.

„ Geckonidae.

Z.

Zonuridae.

Gr,

,, Gerrhosanridae.

c.

,, Chamaeleontidae.

L.

„ Lacertidae.

. An.

,, Anelytropidae.

S.

„ Scincidae.

Am. Amphisbaenidae.-

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

41

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF HADOGENES AND OF
THE MALE OF HADOGENES GUNNINGS PURC.

By John Hewitt, B.A. (Cant.).

HADOGENES GRACILIS, sp. nov.

The scorpion here described was collected in April, 1910, for the
Transvaal Museum by Mr. J. H. van Dam at De Kroon, Crocodile River,
a station between the Pretoria and Rustenburg Districts.

Its characters are as follows : —

Female.- — Carapace very shallowly emarginate in front, about as broad
as long, densely granular throughout, rather coarsely at the sides and just
in front of the median eyes ; lateral eyes almost equal, the middle one
distant about J-J of its diameter from the anterior eye and of its
own diameter from the posterior eye (in one specimen there is on the left
side only a small accessory eye between the middle and posterior eyes),
superciliarj^ ridges of median eyes smooth.

First tergite finely shagreened at the sides, the succeeding tergites
smooth, but with some coarse pitting, the seventh tergite very finely
shagreened. Seventh segment broader than long. Tail 4^ times the length
of the cephalothorax, which is equal to the first caudal segment together
with of the second. First caudal segment highest and widest

posteriorly, the height exceeding the breadth, the superior keels practically
smooth ; in succeeding segments superior keels are coarsely denticulate,
and the terminal tooth is spiniform in segment 2, enlarged also in segment
3. Lateral keels smooth, most definite in the anterior half of segment 1, in
the succeeding segments gradually becoming suppressed and quite wanting
in the fifth segment. Inferior keels coarsely but irregularly denticulate
in segment 2, more strongly so in segment 5, which has 7 to 10 larger
teeth in each keel ; nearly smooth in segments 1 and 3, irregularly
roughened in segment 4. Yesicle slightly compressed, a little broader than
the hind end of segment 5 ; very finely shagreened dorsally and ventrally,
the upper side almost straight.

Pectines usually with 18 or 19 teeth, but varying between 15 and 20.

Fingers of pedipalps lobed.

Colour, light brown mingled with olive green ; the legs all pale, almost
yellowish, as also is the vesicle laterally.

Male. — Resembles the female, excepting in that all the dorsal tergites
are shagreened excepting on the pair of small oval depressions situated
just behind the anterior raised borders of each segment. The last abdomi-
nal tergite very slightly longer than broad, narrowed behind, but not
semicircularly rounded.

Tail 8| times the length of cephalothorax.

The first five segments all laterally compressed and much elongated.

Inferior keels of caudal segments irregularly roughened, but not
denticulate in any segment.

Yesicle rather coarsely shagreened.

Pectines usually with 19 or 20 teeth, but sometimes only 18.

42

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

Me a surements.

Female.

Male.

Total length ... ...

128 mm.

190 mm.

Length of cephalothorax

15*75 mm.

15 mm.

Breadth of cephalothorax

15*75 mm.

15 mm.

Length of last abdominal tergite

10 mm.

11*5 mm.

Breadth of last abdominal tergite ...

13*75 mm.

11 mm.

Length of tail ...

68 mm.

128 mm.

Length of first caudal segment

10*3 mm.

20 mm.

1st caudal segment, posterior height

3*8 mm.

3*9 mm.

1st caudal segment, anterior height...

2*25 mm.

2 mm.

1st caudal segment, posterior breadth

2*9 mm.

2*9 m.

1st caudal segment, anterior breadth

2*6 mm.

2*4 m.

Length of 2nd caudal segment

12*25 m.

25 m.

Length of 3rd caudal segment

12*25 m.

26m.

Length of 4th caudal segment

13 m.

26*75 m.

Length of 5th caudal segment

13 m.

23*5 m.

Length of vesicle

9 m.

9*75m.

Height of vesicle

3*25 m.

3 m.

Breadth of vesicle

2*75 m.

2*75 m.

Length of femur of pedipalp

14 m.

15*25 m.

Width of upper surface of same ...

5*5

5

Width of anterior surface of same...

3*85

3*75

Length of hand

30

29

Width of hand

10*25

8*75

Length of hand back

16

15*5

Length of movable finger ...

17*5

16*25

The following species of Hadogenes

are known to

occur in the

Transvaal : —

H. gunningi Pure., Pretoria neighbourhood.

H. granulatus Pure., Rustenburg District, male only known.

H. bicolor Pure., Zoutpansberg District, female only.

H. gracilis , sp. nov., with distribution as above.

Also probably H. troglodytes Pet. and perhaps H. betschuanicus
Pent, described from British Bechuanaland.

The species are easily distinguished by the characters of the caudal
segments. In H. gracilis the caudal segments are longer and more com-
pressed from side to side than in any other species known to me.

HADOGENES GUNNINGI PURC.

This Transvaal species of Hadogenes was described by Dr. Purcell
in the Annals of the South African Museum, 1899, vol. 1, p. 435,
from several female specimens.

The male resembles the female in colour and other general
characters, but differs in that it is of more slender build, the tail in
particular being considerably more elongated ; also the last abdominal
tergite is relatively longer and narrower.

Tail six times as long as the carapace, which is as long as the first
together with one-fifth of the second caudal segment. Terminal tooth
of superior crests enlarged and practically spiniform in caudal
segments 2 and 3 (enlarged also in segment 4 of our largest specimen) ;
the superior keels slightly denticulate in segments 2 and 3, more so
in segments 4 and 5.

Annals of tile Teansvaal Museum.

43

Inferior keels with rough irregularly disposed almost denticulate
granules in segment 5 and to a less extent also in the preceding
segments, where, however, the granules are not denticulate.

Lateral keel stronger in segment 1 than in any of the other
segments ; lateral surfaces not granular except in segment 5 and to
a slight extent also in segment 4.

Vesicle somewhat compressed ; upper side straight, below finely
granular.

Width of upper surface of femur of pedipalp and of hand
[Considerably narrower than in the female.

Pectines : 17-20.

Total length: 118 mm.

Length of carapace : 12'5 mm. Breadth : 13 mm.

Length of last abdominal tergite : 8 mm. Breadth : 10 mm.

Length of tail : 75 mm.

Length of segment 1 : 10*5 mm.

Length of segment 2 : 13*5 mm.

Length of segment 3 : 13' 5 mm.

Length of segment 4 : 15 mm.

Length of segment 5 : 15 mm.

Length of vesicle : 7’5 mm.

Length of femur of pedipalp : 12 mm.

Width of upper surface of same: 4 mm.

Length of hand : 24 mm.

Width of hand : 6'5 mm.

Dr. Purcell, to whom I am indebted for much information on
the subject of Transvaal Arachnida, considers the shape of the first
caudal segment to be a character of considerable importance in the
genus Hadogenes, and, accordingly, I give precise measurements of
this segment in both male and female.

Male. Female.

Length of first caudal segment ...

10-5 m.m.

7 * 5 m.m.

Greatest breadth (posteriorly)

2-75 „ ...

2 '75

7?

Breadth anteriorly...

2-5 „

2'65

Greatest height (posteriorly)

3-5 „ ...

3*4

•n

Height anteriorly ...

i-75 „ ...

1*9

V)

Very young specimens of this

species exhibit

some

of

characteristic features of the species, but differ from the adults in
their much abbreviated tails.

44

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

NOTE ON A TRANSVAAL SPECIES OF ONYCOPHORA
(OPISTHOPATUS).

By John Hewitt, B.A. (Cantab.).

The species here recorded was collected by P. A. Krantz in the
Lydenburg District some short time prior to the outbreak of the late
war, and during the troublous times which ensued all the specimens
with one exception were lost. This specimen, preserved in spirits,
is a young female only 16 mm. long (antennae not included), and,
judging* from the external characters, it agrees very closely with the
Opisthopatus cinctipes Pure, of Natal and eastern Cape Colony. It
has sixteen pairs of legs, the last pair being clawed and quite as large
and well developed as the first pair; the papillae of the feet are
arranged exactly as in the species just mentioned, and the papillae
on the body also agree fairly well in shape. Coxal organs are not
to be seen, but there are indications of pits which mark the apertures
of such organs in a retracted condition. In colour it is brownish
black, and this, Dr. Gunning informs me, was the case in living
specimens ; there is a darker mid-dorsal line and a similar one on
‘either side just above the bases of the legs. Alternating bands on the
ventral surfaces of the legs are not to be seen.

The Transvaal species may, however, be distinct from
Opisthopatus cinctipes Pure., for it appears to differ from that species
in the following respects : —

The proximal spinous pad of the sixteenth leg is well
developed and entire, whereas in Cinctipes it is broken up
(cp. Purcell in Annals of the South African Museum,
1900, 2, p. 68), and, secondly, the sexual orifice of the
female is large and truly cruciform, the longitudinal slit
being well developed.

It is intended to deal more thoroughly with this species when
sufficient material is available and when an external examination can
be supplemented by dissections.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

45

Description of a new Frog belonging to the Genus Heleophryne
and a note on the systematic position of the Genus.

By John Hewitt, B.A. (Cantab.).

In the Annals of the South African Magazine, Yol I, p. 110, a
solitary tree frog, taken in the neighbourhood of Stellenbosch, C.C.,
was referred by Ylr. W. L. Sclater to a new genus of Ranidae, and
it was said to be related to Rhacophorus.

In the Zool. Anz., Bd. 28, p. 785, Dr. Jean Boux includes this
genus in a section of Ranidae, wdiich have an intercalary bone between
the two last phalanges of the digits.

Quite recently the Transvaal Museum has received the second
recorded specimen of this genus, and on examination of the osteo-
logical characters of the specimen it now appears that the genus is
altogether misplaced.

Firstly, the terminal phalanges are T-shaped, and there is no
intercalary bone between the two terminal phalanges of the digits.
But it came as a distinct surprise to find that this is an Arciferous
genus.

The characters of the genus are as follows : —

Shoulder girdle arciferous, upper jaw toothed but lower jaw
not so, diapophyses of sacral vertebrae somewhat dilated
but not strongly so, vertebrae proeoelous, no ribs (the
diapophyses of body vertebrae somewhat elongated),
sternum a rather large and broad cartilaginous plate entire
behind and without bony style, omosternum absent (possibly
present as a rudiment), outer metatarsals separated, toes
webbed, fingers free, tips of fingers and toes with well-
developed disks, terminal phalanges T-shaped, the two
arms of the cross-piece of the T forming an obtuse angle
of about 160 degrees with each other, tympanum not
visible, pupil vertical, vomerine teeth present, tongue disk-
shaped, rounded and nearly free behind.

From this combination of characters it is evident that the genus
belongs to the Cystignathidae and the sub-family Cystignathinae.

If the character of the pupil is really of primary importance its
relationship is with the Australian rather than the American genera.

This is, so far as I know, the first record of the occurrence of a
Cystignathid genus in South Africa. It is of interest as being an
addition to our list of South African vertebrates with Australian
affinities.

Our specimen comes from Knysna, C.C. (J. H. Bex, collector),
and it seems to present sufficiently distinct characters to justify my
provisionally referring it to a new species with the following
characters : —

Heleophryne regis n. sp., distinct from H. purcelli Scl. in
respect to the webbing of the feet; the feet are entirely webbed in
purcelli, only about half w^ebbed in regis.

Snout rounded, the gape wide, vomerine teeth in two transverse
groups between the clioanae, interorbital space a trifle narrower than
upper eyelid, tympanum indistinct, a slight fold from the eye to the

46

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

tympanic region ; fingers free, ending in triangular disks, fourth
finger longer than the second ; toes half webbed, the first toe practically
free, terminal disks not so large as those of the fingers ; subarticular
tubercles well developed, oval, inner metatarsal tubercle elliptic of
moderate size, the outer one wanting; tibio-tarsal joint of adpressed
hind limb reaches end of snout ; skin smooth above, granular on the
belly and under the thighs.

Colour, purplish above with irregular dark spots, the limbs with
indistinct dark cross bands ; ventral surfaces yellowfish white.

Measurements, from snout to vent, 42 mm., breadth of gape
IT mm., distance from ankle to tip of fourth toe 19’5 mm.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

47

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF CARALLUMA
(ASCLEPIADACEAE).

By N. E. Brown, A.L.S., Kew.

Caralluma Leendertziae , N. E . Brown (Asclepiadaceae) ; affinis
C . melananthae, Scliltr., seel pedicellis triplo longioribus, coronae
exterioris lobis tridentatis et coronae interioris lobis lateraliter
compressis apice biclentatis differt.

Caules 8-10 cm. alti, 1*5-2 cm. (absque dentibus) crassi,
4-angulati, angulis grosse dentati, glabri ; dentes 0*6-1 cm. longi,
validi, acuti, denticulo utrinque prope apicem instructi. Pedunculi
ad medium caulem enati, 1-1*5 cm. longi, 5-8 mm. crassi, umbellatim
3-5 flori, glabri. Pedicelli 4-4*5 cm. longi, erecti, 3*5 mm. crassi,
glabri. Sepala 9 mm. longa, 3*5 mm. lata, ovato-lanceolata, longe
acuminata, glabra. Corolla 5 cm. diam., rotata, absque tubo, extra
laevis, glabra, intra dense rugulosa et pilis minutis erectis conspersa,
intense purpureo-atra, marginibus ad apicem pilis longis clavatis
tremulis purpureis ornata ; discus planus ; lobi patentissimi, plani,
1‘6-1‘8 cm. longi, 1*3-1*4 cm. lati, deltoideo-ovati, acuti. Corona
exterior 5-loba, glabra, fusco-purpurea ; lobi patentes, 4 mm. longi,
3 mm. lati, plani, basi subquadrati, supra leviter bicarinati, apice
3-dentati, dente intermedio ovato acuto marginibus subsinuato,
dentibus lateralibus patent ibus acutis denticulatus. Coronae interioris
lobi 4 mm. longi, antlieris duplo longiori, conniventi, lateraliter
compressi, apice bidenti, dentibus superpositis, basi coronae exteriori
adnati, concavo-emarginati, glabri, atropurpurei.

Transvaal. Under trees near Potgieters Rust. Miss R.
Leendertz, 1279.

J. v7

ANNALS

OF THE

TRANSVAAL MUSEUM

FEBRUARY, 101O

•^soman instfrE^

<b' voq

OCT 15 1910

/{/

Zf'°nal Muse^>

PRETORIA

The Government Printing and Stationery Office

)

a!

3545—6/6/10—500

Supplement to the Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

Proceedings of the Transvaal Biological Society.

ANNALS

OF

Jhe Jransvaal Museum.

Vol. II. FEBRUARY, 1910. No. 2.

ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PIROPLASMA IN THE
DIFFERENT ORGANS.

By Dr. R. Gonder.

Since the investigations of R. Koch on East Coast fever of cattle in East
Africa, the cause of this disease has formed the subject of much
discussion.

At present there exist two different views. Some investigators hold
that East Coast fever is due to an invisible organism, others declare
P. parvum to be the cause, but neither party has been able to prove to the
satisfaction of the other that their investigations were free of errors.
This is due to the fact that the cattle of Africa are, as a rule, infected with
various parasites ; with P. bigeminum , and the more or less harmless
parasite P. mutans , which, morphologically, is very difficult to distinguish
from P. parvum. Moreover, there is much controversy on the so-called
plasma granules or Koch’s bodies, also known as blue bodies, which are
found in the organs of cattle suffering from East Coast fever.

In this short publication, which will be succeeded by a more detailed
one, I wish to communicate some investigations on the blue bodies of
Koch which will throw some light on their nature. For the present I
shall leave out details, neither can I enter into the literature on the
subject, which will have to be considered in the more exhaustive
report.

Experiments were carried out since March of this year in the
Transvaal Veterinary Bacteriological Laboratory. The material used
consisted in cattle whose origin we know, and in ticks whose history we
were fully acquainted with ; accordingly, double infections could be
excluded from the very start. The ticks placed on control cattle directly
imported from England proved that they were exclusively infected with
East Coast fever. In addition to this, Dr. Theiler gave me permission to
utilise the cattle used in various experiments on East Coast fever which
had been infected experimentally through the implantation and inoculation
of different organs. For my zoological studies, therefore, a considerable
amount of material was available.

1

50

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

Before discussing the question of Koch’s bodies, I wish to make some
remarks on P. parvum. Last year Ollwig, at the Congress of Micro-
biologists, in Berlin, stated that P. parvum and P. mutans were identical.
My experiments leave no doubt that P. parvum and mutans are two
different organisms, which view has been held for a number of years by
different authors. Blood containing P. parvum in extraordinarily large
numbers was injected subcutaneously and into the organs of various
animals, and in no instance was an infection transmitted. On the
contrary, it was an easy matter to transmit P. mutans to a healthy beast.
An emulsion of 1 c.c. red corpuscles in 10 c.c. saline solution was
sufficient to do so. As a further proof, it may be stated that Rhipicephalus
appendiculatus in the Transvaal transmit P. mutans only in exceptional
cases.

P. parvum and P. mutans are, therefore, ivith regard to their
pathogenic effect, two different parasites, which also show differences in
their cycle of development.

Together with the daily blood examinations, systematic punctures of
glands and spleen were made. On comparing preparations from cattle
suffering from East Coast fever with those infected with P. mutans , no
doubts can be left about the cause of East Coast fever. Shortly before
the parasites appear in the blood, one will notice segmenting forms of
Koch’s bodies which throw off a great number of parasites. For this
investigation the large shoulder glands are the most suitable. Neither an
infection with P. bigeminum nor one with P. mutans , P. equi, or P. canis,
shows similar evolution forms, whereby it is proved that Koch’s bodies
represent a stage in the development of P. parvum, as already Koch
himself had surmized. Accordingly, the view of Martin Mayer that the
so-called Koch’s granules are not specific for East Coast fever falls to the
ground.

The blue bodies represent indeed a certain stage in the cycle of P.
parvum which corresponds to the shizogony in the cycle of the malarial
and: other parasites.

These bodies (fig. 1-2 and fig. 5 c-d) appear both intracellularly and
extracellularly, more particularly in the lymphocytes. Quite exceptionally
polynuclear leucocytes are found to be infected. The development takes
place more or less in the following manner. In the blue body (Agamont)
a nucleus is first formed ; this grows and becomes richer in chromatin and
plasma ; subsequently it divides successively into a great number of
smaller nuclei similarly to what occurs in the cycle of haemoproteus which
takes place in the organs of the pigeon and padda. The cells thus formed
break up into as many sub-divisions as there are nuclei (fig. 4 -5a). One
encounters and but rarely a second one to which I will refer hereafter.
The explanation of this fact may be that this shizogonous stage, which I
call, with Hartmann, agamogony, repeats itself. Accordingly again etes,
resulting from the agamogonous stage, would grow into agamonts. I have,
however, not been able to completely follow up the further development
of these latter forms.

The second mode of multiplication ends with the segmentation into a
great number of small parasites undoubtedly resulting from the agamo-
gonous multiplication (fig. 3-5). The young parasites enter into the red
corpuscles and represent now the forms known as P. parvum. Thus we
have in the organs, particularly in the lymphatic glands and the spleen,
two different phases, which morphologically are not difficult to distinguish
from each other, The nuclei of the one phase (agamogonous) when young,

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

51

show a loose structure and are irregularly shaped. The nuclei of the
second phase, that is of the second generation or gamagonous, take the
nuclear stains more deeply ; they undergo reductions and accordingly
appear smaller. Before the segmentation of the nuclei has taken place,
they are oval-shaped. One is struck by the fact that the extracellular
segmenting forms of the gamogonous generation produce parasites in far
smaller numbers (fig. 3) than those found in the cells themselves (fig.
4 — 55). I have not been able to give an explanation of this observation.
In the blood no multiplication has as yet been seen, but my studies
on these parasites are not yet concluded. Plasma granules were
found in the blood, but this fact by no means necessitates a change
of the above technology. It may also be possible that two

agamogonous stages have to be distinguished, and the parasites
which develop in the red corpuscles would have to be considered
as the gamogonous generation. I am, however, of the opinion that the
two stages in the cycle which I have called provisionally agamogony and
gamogony, and which finally lead to the formation of the forms seen in
the blood, succeed each other within the cell. Accordingly it is clear
that the number of parasites increase as the disease develops. The forms
which result from the segmentation of the last generation differ morpho-
logically in no way from the parasites seen in the blood at the commence-
ment of an infection. They possess, in proportion to the whole parasite, a
large nucleus which contains a distinctive karyosome. In using Giemsa’s
stain one can see differences due to the staining in the plasma of the bodies
belonging to the agamogonous stage as well as of the gamogonous one.
There are dark blue forms along with light blue ones containing larger
alveli. It is possible that from the very start we have to deal with a
sexual differentiation. The above nuclear phenomen can easily be studied
in preparations stained according to the dry and moist methods of Giemsa,
as well as in those stained with haemotoxylin. Microscopic examination
of the various organs, particularly of the spleen, does not allow of definite
conclusions. These organs represent a filter which retains the broken
down parasites usually encountered in all protozoic diseases. When using
the vital method I was never able to recognize the blue bodies, so that it is
impossible for me to believe that these represent an assimulation product
of the nuclei. The presence of Koch’s bodies in the kidneys is of second-
ary importance. In East Coast Fever experimentally produced, either
through the implantation of organs or in cases brought on by ticks, which
finish rapidly with death, the formation of infarcts in the kidneys may
not take place at all. My drawings of, *and the communication referring
to Koch’s granules, concern fresh material obtained with a syringe from
the lymphatic glands and the spleen. In cases of East Coast fever, where
fever is present without parasites being present in the blood, the diagnosis
can be made by examining juice from the spleen and lymphatic glands.
If in the juice obtained from the puncture of the lymphatic glands or the
spleen are seen Koch’s bodies containing only larger nuclei of a loose
structure, and no forms of the second or gamogonous generation, it is
possible that this latter does not take place at all, and no parasites are then
found in the blood. Whether ticks which have been sucking the blood of
such animals transmit the disease will be shown by later experiments.

It remains to explain the fact that the blood of animals suffering from
East Coast fever injected into healthy animals does not produce the
disease. It is possible that the blood contains forms which can only
develop in the tick, and which, injected into the animal, die. In the

52

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

transplantation of organs undertaken by Theiler and Meyer, Koch’s
granules are directly transmitted. These represent, under natural condi-
tions, the stages which are formed only after the tick has transmitted the
disease. The infection of the various glands in the body of an animal
takes place through the blood current and accordinglyit becomes feasible
to expect that the inoculation of blood also ought to produce the disease.
A suitable occasion would probably arise when the plasma granules are
found in the blood. Experiments to elucidate this will be carried out as
soon as opportunity occurs. In an animal which was infected by the
transplantation of organs I found Koch’s granules in the blood. Dr. Meyer
showed me blood smears sent in from the practice in which a great number
of mononuclear leucocytes contained the plasma bodies.

Concerning the place of the East Coast fever parasite in protozology,
the proposition of Bettencourt and others to separate it from the piroplasms
and to substitute a new name {Theiler ia par va) is justified.

53

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

ANAPLASMA MARGINALE.

Dr. A. Theiler.

In the Annual Report of the United States Department of Agriculture for
the years 1891 and 1892, Smith and Kilborn published their investigations
into the cause of Texas fever, which was found to be due to the presence
of an endoglobular parasite and to which they gave, at that time, the name
of Pirosoma bigeminum. They described two forms of the disease : the
acute and the mild one, which latter they also called the autumnal form.
The differentiation of these two diseases was based on the aspect the
parasites took in the red corpuscles which, although differing in shape
and size, were considered to belong to two phases in the cycle of
development. Accordingly they distinguished the pear-shaped parasite
now called Piroplctsma bigeminum and which they identified with the
acute form of Texas fever, from the second form, the peripheral coccus-
like body of the mild or autumnal form of Texas fever. Smith and
Kilborn based on these observations the possible life cycle of P. bigeminum
of which they described three stages : —

1st. The (hypothetical) swarming stage, the form of which, however,
as they state, could not be traced.

2nd. The stage of the peripheral coccus-like bodies, which bodies they
thought would develop into the

3rd. The spindle or pear-shaped stage.

Smith and Kilborn already noticed that their third stage is the one
which is usually met with in acute Texas fever. They had, therefore, to
explain the absence of the coccus-like bodies in the acute stage, and their
explanation was that the presence of the coccus-like bodies may be so
ephemeral that they escape observation. Under the influence of the
temperature of the autumn the second stage would remain as such and not
develop into the third one. In this second stage they would cause the
mild disease.

To understand this explanation it may be stated here that Smith and
Kilborn undertook their experiments usually in July, August, and Sep-
tember, and it was during September, October, and November, that they
met with the disease due to the coccus-like bodies. In subsequent obser-
vations made in South America by Knuth, the same coccus-like bodies
were seen again. This author did not support the view of Smith and
Kilborn about the three different stages, yet, nevertheless, he considered
them to belong to the life cycle of P. bigeminum. On the other hand,
Djunkowsky and Luhs, who were studying the piroplasms in the Trans-
causcus, came across the same parasite ; they had noticed the presence of
P. bigeminum in that country, but they did not identify the coccus-like
body with this disease, but with another one, which they called tropical
piroplasmosis, and which is due to a small piroplasm called P. anulatum
very likely identical with our P. parvum.

In South Africa I have seen these parasites during a number of years.
The American literature not being available to me at the beginning of my
investigations, I described them as marginal points in my various reports.
The observations which I made led me to think that these marginal points
had nothing to do with P. bigeminum , but that they represented an

54

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

independent parasite genus of their own and that they were the cause of
a definite disease, which had to be separated from redwater. I was, how-
ever, until recently, unable to give this proof in such a way as would
remove all doubts.

Some years ago I sent ticks to England ( Boophilus decoloratus) which
were infected with P. bigeminum. They produced the disease in London
when placed on an ox, and this ox formed the starting point of many
investigations and inocculation experiments undertaken in England. As
a result of such investigations, Nuttall described the cycle of development
of P. bigeminum in the blood, and according to this author, it is a simple
division, as in the case of P. cams. He does not mention any forms
corresponding to the coccus-like or marginal points mentioned . before.

In Germany the disease haemoglobinuria of cattle was also investi-
gated during the last few years : it was found to be due to a piroplasm
which, owing to some slight difference, is considered to be a species of its
own, and is called P. bovis , but it is very closely allied to P. bigeminum.
No parasites resembling the peripheral coccus-like bodies were noticed in
the life cycle of this parasite.

Stockman and myself have carried out experiments for a number
of years to immunize English cattle. The cattle were inoculated in
England against South African redwater with the strain of redwater for-
warded by means by the already mentioned ticks ; after the inoculation
the animals were sent to the Transvaal to be exposed here. In the first
lot of cattle exposed, I noticed the appearance of marginal points in the
blood of two animals, which succumbed to the disease. A second lot of
ten heifers, which were all immunized in the same way in London, were
not exposed to natural infection after their arrival, but inoculated a
second time in the Transvaal with blood containing P. bigeminum. The
result was that this inoculation did not break the immunity against
redwater. After a certain period, varying in length from twenty-seven
to thirty-two days, a typical fever reaction commenced which was initiated
and accompanied by the presence of marginal points. Of ten animals
injected, five died. It was evident that P. bigeminum was* not responsible
for this disease. With the inoculation of the blood two different parasites
had been injected — P. bigeminum , against which the animals were immune,
and another one, the marginal points, which caused the disease. If this
conclusion was right, it had to be expected that it would be possible to
separate these two parasites, at least to isolate the one with the shorter
incubation time. It was, indeed, possible to do so with P. bigeminum ,
whose incubation period is the shorter one. A pure infection resulted
after injections of blood, taken at the beginning of the acute attack of
redwater, into a susceptible beast. When this animal, at a later period,
was infected with marginal points it promptly reacted to this infection.

The reverse experiment was not so easy, because wherever we had an
infection with marginal points it was complicated with P. bigeminum , so
that the inoculation of such blood would constantly cause redwater in the
first instance. An observation I had made showed that animals imported
from Aliwal North, although promptly reacting to redwater, did not do so
to the injection of blood containing marginal points. I concluded, there-
fore, that these animals are immune against this latter parasite. It had to
be expected that when blood of such animals was injected into susceptible
animals only marginal points would appear. This has been done in
several instances, and in every one, after a typical long incubation time,
marginal points alone appeared. After recovery, the animals were injected

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

55

with P. bigeminum of a pure infection ; the result was that they showed
this parasite after the usual period of incubation. Thus the independence
of marginal points to the cycle of P. bigeminum was demonstrated in the
reverse order. Accordingly, no doubt can any longer be left that these
peripheral bodies represent a genus of their own which produces a specific
disease in cattle.

I have proposed to give the name Anctplasma marginale to this
parasite. This anaplasma is transmitted by ticks, and it is a noteworthy
fact that the incubation time by tick transmission is much longer than
that after inoculation of the animals with blood ; in the experiments
carried out by me it varied from fifty-five to seventy-five days. Accordingly,
we understand the results of experiments of the Americans, which were
started in the summer. They exposed cattle to tick infection ; they
noticed the appearance of P. bigeminum first, having a shorter incubation
time, and only later in the year, after the long incubation time, they
noticed the appearance of Anaplasma marginale.

It has already been indicated that blood of an immune animal is
infective ; such an animal forms the reservoir of the virus. This is a
peculiarity of the piroplasma diseases, to which group anaplasmosis also
belongs. It may be of interest to state my opinion that anaplasmosis is
probably the disease which the farmer has hitherto called gall-sickness.
Up to the present time we know of three different parasites in South
Africa which are found in the blood of immune cattle — P. bigeminum ,
P. mutans , and Spirochaeta tlieileri— and to these will now be added
anaplasma marginale ; they can all be transmitted by the inoculation of
blood and by ticks.

56

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

THE ZOOLOGICAL REGION OF SOUTHERN AFRICA AS DEDUCED
FROM THE COMPOSITION OF ITS LACERTILIA.

By John Hewitt, B.A. (Cantab.),

Assistant for Lower Vertebrates in the Transvaal Museum.

For purposes of convenience, zoological systematists have defined the
northern boundary of the South African sub-continent in a variety of
ways, and the dividing line now most generally accepted — from the
Zambesi on the east to the Cunene River on the west — has no claim to be
considered as a rigid natural boundary, for there is an extensive
overlapping of the South African and tropical faunas.

At the same time, as I hope to show in this paper, there certainly is
in the southern portion of Africa a fauna sufficiently peculiar to justify
our regarding this region as a definite zoological area ; and, for example,
its fauna is much more distinct from that of the rest of Africa than is
the Bornean fauna from that of the Malay Peninsula, though in this case
the land areas are separated by several hundred miles .of sea. Further, the
distribution records show that the area in question resolves itself into
several zoological sub-regions, a fact which was pointed out by Professor
Max Weber ( Zool . Jahrb., bd. 10, 136) from consideration of the fresh-
water fish fauna.

During the earlier part of this paper the term South Africa will be
employed in its orthodox sense, i.e. Africa south of the Zambesi and
Cunene Rivers, but later on I shall bring forward evidence to show that a
more natural region is Africa south of the equator, the Congo basin
excluded ; the term tropical as applied to a genus or species will here
imply nothing more than that it occurs in Equatorial Africa, or north of
the equator, but is not endemic in SouthiAfrica, though it may occur here.

The dual nature of our reptilian fauna, consequent on the overlapping
of the tropical species, is very obvious in the northern portions of the
sub-continent, and is not prominent in south-west Cape Colony ; indeed,
in passing southwards from the Zambesi to Cape Colony, there is a gradual
and successive disappearance of the widely-distributed tropical forms
simultaneous with the appearance of an increasingly greater proportion of
peculiarly South African species. As an introduction to this subject, it
will be profitable to consider the fauna of this immediate neighbourhood,
and the following is a list of the reptilia and amphibia of Pretoria, an
asterisk denoting forms which occur also in tropical Africa* —

Lizards.

Pachydactylus capensis Smith.
Lygodactytus capensis Smith.
Agama Ivispida var. distanti Boul.
Agama atricollis Smith.

Zonurus jonesii Boul. (also in
Angola).

Zonurus vittifer Reich.
Ghamaesaura aenea Fitz.

Var anus niloticus Linn.

Nucras tessellata Smith.

Eremias lineocellata D. B.
Ichnotropis capensis Smith (occur-
ring also in Angola).

* Gerrhosaurus flavigularis Wieg.
Mabuia trivittata Cuv.

* Mabuia striata Pet.

* Mabuia varia Pet.

* Lygosoma sunder valli Smith.

* Ablepharus ivahlbergii Smith.

* Ghamaeleon quilensis Boc.

Antals of the Transvaal Museum.

Snakes.

Glaucoma distanti Bonl.
Typhlops bibroni Smith.
Ablabophis rufulus Licht.

* Boodon lineatus D. B
Pseudaspis cana Linn.

* Leptodira hotamboeia Laur.

* Lycophidium capense Smith
Chlorophis natalensis Smith.

* Chlorophis hoplogaster Giintli.

* Naia haie Linn.

Sepedon haemachates Lacep.
Homorelaps dorsalis Smith.

* Homalosoma lutrix Linn.

* Dispholidus typus Smith.

* Psammophis sibilans Linn.
Psammophis furcatus Pet.

* Primer orhinus tritaeniatus Giinth.
Tr imer orhinus rhombeatus Linn.

(also in Angola).

* Tarbophis semiannulatus Smith. *

* Dasypeltis scabra Linn.

Causus rhombeatus Licht.
Atractaspis bibroni Smith, (also

in Angola).

* Bitis arietans Merr.

* Python sebae Gmel.

Frogs.

* Bana angolensis Boct
Rana fasciata Tschudi.
Bana natalensis Smith.

* Rana adspersa Tschudi.

* Rana delalandi Tschudi

* Phrynobatrachus natalensis Smith.

* Cassina senegalensis D. B.

* Bufo regular is Reuss.

* Bufo carens Smith.

* Xenopus laevis Daud.

A number of these asterisked species belong to the tropical fauna,
but some are really South African species which have extended north-
wards. The preponder ence of tropical forms in any single locality is
considerably greater than is the case when a large area is comprised, for
whilst the tropical fauna in South Africa is on the whole a heterogeneous
assembly of unrelated species which are widely distributed over large areas,
the endemic fauna is composed of sets of closely related species which are
more strictly localized in distribution, and the areas occupied by such
species do not much overlap.

Unfortunately, it is not possible for me to give a list of the Capetown
fauna for comparison with the preceding, and for the present it must
suffice to say that the majority of the tropical species have their southern
limit in some part of Eastern Cape Colony, whilst only a very small per-
centage reaches as far as Capetown.

The following statistics irelate to this question of overlapping
of faunas :: — South Africa has about 136 species of lacertilia, of which
forty-four are found beyond the northern boundary; in Angola, Bocage
recorded sixty-two species of lacertilia, of which thirty-one occur also in
South Africa; in German East Africa, Tornier ( Zool . Jahrb ., 1900, p. 579)
records sixty-five species of lacertilia, twenty-three of which also occur
in South Africa ; Mr. Boulenger’s list of the Whyte Collection from North
Nyassaland (P. Z. S. 1897, p. 800) comprises fourteen species of lacertilia,
of which eleven occur also in South Africa ; in Somaliland [Boulenger,
Annal. Mus. Civico. storia. Nat. Genova Serie 2a, vol. XVII (XXXVII)],
seventy species of lacertilia are recorded, of which ten occur also in South
Africa ; in Egypt, the only lizards also to be found in South Africa are
four species, as follows : — Varanus niloticus , Mabuia quinquetaeniata ,
Gerrhosaurus flavigularis , and Agama colonorum , which last-mentioned
doubtfully occurs in South Africa.

We may now- turn to a general consideration of the lizard fauna of
South Africa, from point of view of the distribution of the species and
their relationships. The lacertilia of South Africa are composed as

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

58

follows : — Geckonidae twenty-seven species, Agamidae about ten species,
Lacertidae twenty species, Zonuridae sixteen species, Gerrhosauridae ten or
eleven species, Scincidae thirty species, Varanidae two species, and Chamae-
leontidae ten species.

Geckonidae .

Eleven genera are known, of which a good proportion are charac-
teristically South African. Palmatogecko, Chrondrodactylus and Colopus
are, so far as is known, confined to South Africa ; they are restricted to
the western portion of the sub-continent and are probably all monotypic
genera.

The genus Homopholis has one (or two) species in the eastern portion
of South Africa, a species is recorded from Abyssinia, and another, species
occurs in Madagascar. The genus Oedura, which is otherwise known only
from Australia, has tAvo representatives in South Africa, and the genus
does not occur in any other part of Africa.

The genus Pachydactylus, comprising thirteen or fourteen species, all
confined to Africa south of the Equator, has twelve species in the South
African region. P. bibroni has a very wide distribution ranging north-
wards into Tropical Africa, but it should be regarded as truly South
African, as it belongs to a section of seven recorded species of which all
the other members are confined to South Africa. P. ocellalus is common
in western Cape Colony, and is also recorded from Benguella and from
Ascension Island. This genus reaches its greatest development in Cape
Colony and the western portion of the sub-continent ; only one species,
P. punctatus , is confined to the eastern portion (Mozambique, Zoutpans-
berg District) of our region.

Rhoptropus, a genus of three (or two) species, is only known from the
western portion of southern Africa. P. ocellatus occurs in western Cape
Colony, and R. afer is known from German South-West Africa and Angola.
According to Dr. Jean Roux, however, this genus is identical with
Phelsuma, a genus of eight or nine species occurring in East Africa, Mada-
gascar, Comoro, Zanzibar, Mauritius, Bourbon, Rodriquez, Seychelles, and
Andaman Islands. The genus Elasmodactylus has one species in British
Namaqualand {fide Sclater) and another in the lower Congo region.
Lygodactylus, a genus occurring in tropical and South Africa, and in
Madagascar, has two representatives in South Africa. One of them,
L. capensis • closely related to a Madagascar species, occurs in the tropics
and extends south Avar ds into eastern Cape Colony ; the other species,
L. ocellatus Roux, is only known from the Transvaal. Ptenopus gar ruins
Smith, the only species of the genus, is known from German -South-West
Africa and north-west Cape Colony.

Phyllodactylus, a large genus recorded from the tropics of America,
Australia, and Africa, has two species in South Africa, of which the better
known P. porphyreus , occurs also in the Congo region, Madagascar, and
Australia (assuming the identity of this species with P. m,armoratus of
Australia) ; the only locality known to me for P. lineatus is Laingsburg,
C.C. (Roux).

Hemidactylus is almost a world- wide genus within the tropics. Only
one species occurs within our area, and this H. mabouia is common
to tropical Africa, Madagascar, West Indies, and South America. It is
evident that the gecko fauna of South Africa is very characteristic and
with a good proportion of endemic genera is Avell marked off from the
tropical gecko fauna (which is comparatively poor in number of species

Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 59

and has no peculiar genera), though one or two representatives of the latter
extend southward into the sub-continent. The affinities of these endemic
genera are as follows : the isolated genus Chondrodactylus is closely allied
to the Nephrurus of Australia ; Phyllodactylus is very near the Madagascar
genus Ebenavia, and in the same group with these is Oedura, which is
Australian and South African, and two other genera belonging to Australia
and Southern India respectively.

The genera Pachydactylus, Colopus, Rhoptropus, Elasmodactylus, and
Phelsuma (which, perhaps, includes Rhoptropus), constitute a distinct
group of genera, the three former being South African, the fourth
belonging to Lower Congo and British Namaqualand, whilst Phelsuma
belongs to East Africa, Madagascar, and other islands of the Indian
Ocean. Homopholis, belonging to South Africa, Abyssinia, and
Madagascar, has generic relationships in Madagascar.

The genus Lygodactylus, which has several species in tropical West
Africa and in Madagascar, but only one species peculiar to South Africa,
has its nearest ally in another Madagascar genus ; apparently the West
African forms constitute a section of the genus distinct from that which
includes the South African and Madagascar species. The genus Ptenopus
has its nearest relative in Stenodactylus, a genus belonging to North
Africa and South-West Asia. The isolated Palmatogecko is considered by
the describer of this genus to be related to Ptenopus.

It should be mentioned that the affinities above cited are taken from
the classification employed by Mr. Boulenger in the B. M. catalogue, and
this is based upon characters which are largely adaptative. I believe,
however, that these relationships are for the most part quite true, for
otherwise we should have to suppose that a process of convergent
evolution has taken place in the case of a number of pairs of genera
belonging to South Africa and Madagascar. And, again, it is a well
known fact that geckos are particularly well adapted for accidental
transportation over great distances, as they occur on many oceanic islands,
so that this might be a partial explanation of the occurrence of South
African genera and allies in Madagascar ; but this supposition loses value
when we remember that many of the geckoes of South Africa are rather
localized in distribution, and that, whilst South Africa and Madagascar
have each a rich gecko fauna, only very few representatives of these
faunas are found north of the equator.

Agamidae.

This family is represented in South Africa by about nine or ten
species of the genus Agama. There are only three genera in the whole
African region, and Madagascar has no representatives whatever of this
family.

The South African species, A. hispida, , its variety distant/ , brachyura ,
aculeata , armata , pulchella , cvtra and holubi , constitute a structurally
distinct association, the members of which are confined to South Africa,
with the exception of armata , which extends up into Angola and German
East Africa, and hispida , which is also known from German East Africa.

A. kirki , mossambica , and planiceps found in the northern portions
of the sub-continent and in tropical Africa belong to an association of
tropical and North African species.

A. atricollis , which occurs in German East Africa and Angola,
extending southwards as far as Natal, has a near ally in Abyssinia and
Arabia, and belongs to a section of species which are mostly found in
Persia and North India.

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Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

In brief, the Agamoid fauna of South Africa has no peculiar genera and
is not very distinctive ; it comprises six or seven endemic species and
several species which belong to the overlapping tropical area.

The genus Agama is principally African, and has representatives also
in south Asia and south-east Europe.

Zonuridae.

This whole family is characteristically South African, being confined
to Africa south of the equator, with an odd species in Madagascar.
Mocquard doubts the latter record on the grounds that the only evidence
is in Cope’s original description, which is not authenticated with the usual
data, whereas it is now known that the species occurs in German East
Africa ; at the same time the fact that the species of Zonurus are often
exceedingly localized in their distribution may explain the former part of
the argument whilst it does not preclude the possibility of a disconnected
distribution at the present day. There are four genera, the largest, Zonurus,
comprising about ten species, of which eight occur in South Africa
and only two of these (Z. cordylus and jonesii) extend northward into
the tropical region (fide Tornier and Bocage). The species of Zonurus
distribute themselves all over the South African region, some of the
species being probably very localized (cp. capensis , warreni , and giganteus).
The monotypic genus Pseudocordylus occurs along the coastal strip of
Cape Colony and extends northwards in the eastern portion of the sub-
continent as far as the Zoutpansberg District.

The genus Chamaesaura has three species in the eastern portion of
the sub-continent : one of these C. macrolepis is also recorded from
Angola. The tropical species of this genus occur in Uganda, British
Central Africa, and German East Africa.

The genus Platysaurus has four species of which three are distributed
in South Africa, one western and two eastern, and the fourth species
P. torquatus occurs in Mozambique (precise locality unknown).

From these facts of distribution it would seem highly probable that
the family has been evolved in Southern Africa.

Varanidae.

Only two species occur in South Africa of which one, Varanus
niloticus is common to almost the whole of Africa whilst the other A. albi-
gularis occurs also in South Angola and in Nyassaland. The genus occurs
in Africa, India, Malay Archipelago, and Australia, but not in Madagascar.

A mphisbaenidae.

Three genera are known in South Africa, but they form no charac-
teristically South African association of species.

The genus Ampliisbaena represented by a number of species in the
tropical portions of America and Africa has two species in South Africa :
A. violcccea extends from Zululand to Mozambique and A. quadrifrons
occurs in Hereroland and as far south as Kimberley.

The genus Monopeltis has about four species in South Africa of which
probably all extend north of the boundary line : M. capensis and anchietae
are western species whilst sphenorbynchus and granti (this latter only
known from Beira) are eastern. This is an African genus of about a
dozen species ; its headquarters are West Africa.

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61

Chirindia is a monotypic genus known only from south-east Mashona-
land. So far as I know Amphisbsenidae are not recorded from Cape
Colony and the South African representatives are best regarded as outlying
members of a tropical group.

Lcicertidae.

Five genera occur in South Africa, and one of them, the monotypic
Tropidosaura, is peculiar to the region being known only from the coastal
strip of south Cape Colony. The genus Eremias has nine species in South
Africa, of which seven are western forms (< capensis , undata , lugubris ,
suborbitaUs , namaquensis, pulchella and inornata ), all of them being found
in Namaqualand, and several extending into the Karroo region of Cape
Colony, whilst lugubris and namaquensis also occur in Angola. E. burchelli
appears to be confined to Cape Colony and lineocellata occurs in the
Transvaal and Orange River Colony. The genus is not known to occur in
Natal and Zululand.

Eremias is a large genus, well developed in Africa, and occurring also
in Asia. The South African species, for the most part, do not form a
structurally distinct association, but their relationships are with the other
African species ; a small more or less distinct natural group is constituted
by the four species : pulchella , lineocellata , burchelli and capensis. The
genus Nucras has only two species : N. delalandii occurs in the Eastern
portion of the sub-continent, extending southward along the coastal strip
of Cape Colony, and northwards perhaps as far as German East Africa,
whilst N. tessellata is widely distributed over tropical Africa and South
Africa, with the exception of southern Cape Colony.

The genus Scapteira has five representatives in South Africa, one in
Mossamedes and three in Central Asia. The South African species are all
western forms with the exception of S. knoxii , which belongs to Cape
Colony, extending eastwards at any rate as far as Kingwilliamstown, and
is recorded (B. M. Cat.) from the Island of Johanna. The species knoxii ,
depressa , serripes , and the Angola species, form a distinct natural group,
and the two remaining South African species, ctenodactyla and cuneirostris ,
constitute another distinct group. The disconnected distribution of the
genus Scapteira is somewhat remarkable in view of the fact that both the
Asiatic and the South African habitats are deserticolous, and that like
conditions prevail in a great part of the intervening area ; and the
presence of S. knoxii in Johanna Island seems to be inexplicable,
especially as Madagascar has no Lacertidae.

The genus Ichnotropis is confined to Africa south of the equator.
I. squamulosd is a tropical species extending southwards about as far as
the northern border of Cape Colony, whilst I. capensis occupies a wide
strip of country from Natal in the east to Angola in the west ; longipes ,
which is very closely allied to capensis , is described from Mashonaland.

The lacertid fauna of the sub-continent as a whole is not very
distinct, though there is one peculiar genus, the monotypic Tropidosaura,
which is closely related to the other African genera ; the South African
representatives are, indeed, a part of the general Ethiopian lacertid fauna,
and this family furnishes very little positive evidence in favour of the
maintenance of the South African area as an absolutely distinct zoological
region,

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Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

Gerrhosau ridae.

This family has its headquarters in South Africa and Madagascar.
Of the five genera, three occur in our area and two are peculiar to
Madagascar. The genus Gerrhosaurus has about five or six species, of
which one species, typicus , is only known from north-west Cape Colony :
flavigularis is found almost throughout tropical (not in West Africa) and
South Africa ; validus occupies a strip of country from South Angola to
the Zoutpansberg District ; and major is principally an eastern species
ranging from East Africa to Natal. I regard the genus Gerrhosaurus as
truly South African, though several of the species do extend beyond the
northern boundary. Amongst the lizards it is a general rule that species
of undoubted tropical relationship do not extend southward into
south-west Cape Colony (cp. Mabuia striata , Lygosoma sundervalli ,
Ablepharus wahlbergi ). On the other hand, Gerrhosaurus flavigularis
does occur in south-west Cape Colony, in spite of its extensive range
within the tropics ; and this is the case also with Pachydactylus bibroni
and other South African species of like distribution. Again, Gerrhosaurus
major , until recently, was known only from Zanzibar Island, but has since
been recorded from German East Africa, and from Togoland in West
Africa. In 1907, Mr. Boulenger described grandis from Zululand, but
from the evidence of material from the Barberton District I have
reduced grandis as a synomyn of major. G. bergi of German East Africa
appears to be very closely allied to major, and so also is G. bottegi\
described from Erithraea.

The genera Tetradactylus and Cordylosaurus are characteristically
South African. The former has four species : T. seps occupies the
coastal strip of Cape Colony, T. tetradactylus is only known from south-
west Cape Colony, T. breyeri is a Natal and Transvaal species and
T. africanus is recorded from Natal, Namaqualand, and South Angola.

Cordylosaurus trivittatus ranges from western Cape Colony as far as
South Angola and C. tessellata , doubtfully distinct, is recorded from
Namaqualand.

Scincidae.

Nine genera of Scincidae occur in South Africa. The large genus
Mabuia which though principally African occurs all over the warmer parts
of the world except Australia, has twelve species in South Africa but
these do not constitute a peculiar group or groups : striata, varia , and
quinquetaeniata are tropical forms which descend southwards as far as
eastern Cape Colony : stangeri , occidental is, acutilabris, sulcata , and
peringueyi are western species, none of them extending as far south as the
southern coastal districts of the Cape Colony and all excepting the last
mentioned occurring in South Angola : trivittata, apparently occurs
throughout South Africa with the exception of Natal, Zululand, and
Rhodesia, and this species belongs to a small section which includes also
occidentadis and ivensii which are both western species : homcdocephala
occupies the coastal strip of South Africa, depressa (possibly a synonym of
homalocephala) is only known from Tette, and gruetzneri from Gerlachs-
hoop (Transvaal).

The very large genus Lygosoma, mainly Australian but almost cosmo-
politan in the tropics except for Madagascar, has only five or six species in
tropical Africa and but one, sundevalli , extends southwards into tlje sub-
tropical parts of South Africa,

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63

Ablepharus wahlbergi , the only representative in South Africa of a
widely-distributed old world genus, has a very similar distribution : of this
genus, four species occur in tropical Africa and one species which is nearly
cosmopolitan occurs in Madagascar.

The genus Acontias has about eight or nine species, and is known from
South Africa, Madagascar, and Ceylon. A. meleagris occurs throughout
South Africa, plumbeus is an eastern species ranging from East Cape
Colony to Mozambique, and lineatus is a western species extending east-
wardly across the Karroo.

The genus Scelotes occurs in South Africa, Madagascar and Mauritius,
and out of a total of twelve or thirteen species, South Africa has six. The
South African and Madagascar species range themselves into distinct
groups, except that one of the Madagascar species has its nearest ally in
S. capensis. The species capensis , bicolor , caffer , and tridccctylus are
western or Karroo forms ; bipes is found in the coastal regions of Cape
Colony and Natal, whilst guentheri and inornatus are eastern forms,
occurring in Zululand and Natal.

Herpetosaura is a South African genus of three species ; anguinct
occurs in Kaffraria, mira is a Transvaal species, and ctrenicola occurs in
Natal, Zululand, and Mozambique.

The genus Sepsina has about ten or eleven species in Madagascar,
tropical and South Africa. S. weber i is only known from Little Nama-
qualand, and grammica is indefinitely located on the south-west coast of
Africa.

The genus Typhlacontias has two species, one in Mossamedes and the
other, gracilis , in the Zambesi district.

The genus Melanoseps, with only one species, ater , extends from
German East Africa into Mozambique.

I believe that the Scincidae of South Africa are for the most part of
single origin, though at first sight this may not seem to be the case ; the
vermiform genera, Acontias, Scelotes, and Herpetosaura, etc., certainly
constitute part of the peculiarly South African fauna, Avhilst the species of
Mabuia, Lygosoma, and Ablepharus genera, which are so widely distributed,
may be more recent arrivals from elsewhere. But the species of Mabuia
at any rate should be included in the endemic fauna, seeing that the genus
is principally African and is well represented in South Africa and also in
Madagascar ; the distribution of the genus may possibly be explained in
the same way as that of the chamaeleons (see later) or perhaps on the
grounds of its antiquity.

Anelytropidae.

This small family of worm-like lizards has a genus in each of the
three areas Mexico, West Africa, and South Africa, but according to Gadow
this is quite an artificial assembly of degenerates and no great importance
is to be attached to the facts of distribution. The South African Typhlo-
saurus has five species, of which lineatus and vermis are known from
north-west Cape Colony, cregoi from the Zoutpansberg District, auran-
tiacus from Zululand and Mozambique, whilst the precise locality of caecus
is unknown.

Ghamaeleontidae.

Ten species of Chamaeleon and one Rhampholeon occur in South
Africa,

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The genus Chamaeleon has its headquarters in Madagascar and Africa,
and there are one or two isolated species in Arabia, Ceylon, and Southern
India. The species melanocephalus , taeniobronchus , gutturalis, caffer,
pumilus , ventralis , and damaranus form a distinct and characteristic South
African group : they are mostly Cape Colony forms, several extending into
Natal, whilst damaranus ranges between Knysna (Cape Colony) and the
Zoutpansberg District. Mocquard has recorded C. melanocephalus from
Madagascar, but in his recent work on the Madagascar reptiles (Nouv.
Archiv. du Museum d’Hist. Nat., Paris, 1909) this species has no place in
the faunistic list.

The nearest relatives of this South African group of Cliamaeleons are
C. tig vis of the Seychelles (and Zanzibar Islands ?), fuelleborni from
German East Africa, jacksoni from Uganda, bitaeniatus of East Africa, and
tempeli of German East Africa (Werner, Zool. Jahrb. 1902, p. 295).

C. namaquensis is a western species stretching from South Angola
into western Cape Colony, the most eastern record being Kimberley : this
species is quite isolated in the genus. The species dilepis and quilensis ,
referred by Tornier to one and the same species, are tropical forms
occurring in West Africa and German East Africa and extending south-
wards as far as the Orange River.

Rhampholeon marshalli , the only representative in South Africa of a
tropical genus, comes from the Chirinda forest in south-east Mashonaland.

Having thus briefly surveyed the distribution of the various groups of
South African lizards, the following facts present themselves : —

(1) One family, the Zonuridae, is almost peculiar to the region, but
may have a representative in Madagascar, and another family, the
Gerrhosauridae, has its headquarters in South Africa and Madagascar.

(2) In the Geckonidae and the Scincidae there are a good proportion of
genera which do not occur in tropical Africa, some of them being peculiar
to South Africa, whilst others are represented also in Madagascar, and
several in Southern India and Australia.

(3) Several large and widely-distributed genera occurring also in
tropical or northern Africa are represented in South Africa by an associa-
tion of species which is structurally separated from the other sections of
the same genus, but in other cases the South African representatives do
not form a distinct group.

(4) In some families (Agamidae, Yaranidae, Scincidae, etc.) a number of
tropical species have extended southwards into South Africa.

And we may refer the lizard fauna of South Africa to three classes : —

(1) The peculiar endemic fauna, comprising the Zonuridae, Gerrhosau-
ridae, all the Geckonidae with the exception of Hemidactylus, and the
Scincidae, with the possible exception of Lygosoma and Ablepharus.

(2) The Chamaeleons, which are very characteristic of the whole
Ethiopian region, but unlike other families which are well developed in
Madagascar, they are not restricted to southern Africa, but occur through-
out the whole of Africa.

(3) The “ Ethiopian ” fauna, including the Agamidae, Lacertidae,
Yaranidae, Hemidactylus in the Geckonidae, the Amphisbaenidae, and
possibly the Scincoid genera, Lygosoma, and Ablepharus. This fauna is
composed of genera which for the most part have a wide range through
Africa and often through Southern Europe and Asia, but this whole
assembly may not be of single origin,

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

65

As we have already mentioned, a number of genera comprised in the
peculiar fauna have relationships in Madagascar, and indeed this fauna as a
whole has a very strong affinity with the whole Madagascar fauna.

The lacertilia of Madagascar are composed of the following families :
Geckoes, Skinks, Chamaeleons, Gerrhosauridae (Zonuridae probably), and a
few Iguanidae, whilst the other families Agamidae, Varanidae, Lacertidae,
Anguidae, and Amphisbaenidae are quite absent; leaving out of consideration
the Iguanidae — the occurrence of which in Madagascar has not yet been
satisfactorily explained — the Madagascar lizard fauna shows complete
identity in its families and identity or close relationship in many of the
genera with the peculiar fauna of South Africa, and the families which are
lacking to Madagascar are those which constitute what I have termed the
Ethiopian fauna of South Africa.

It should be mentioned, however, that the identity of the faunas does
not extend to the species, for probably there is not a single species of
lizard common to Madagascar and South Africa, and further, Madagascar
has a few peculiar genera which have no allies in South Africa.

Again, this peculiar fauna is not strictly limited on the north by the
Zambesi and Cunene Rivers, and as a matter of fact it is to be found tc
some extent right up to the equator. In Tornier’s list of the lizards of
German East Africa we find the following representatives of this fauna : —

Geckonidae : Pachydactylus, 2 sp. ; Platypholis, 1 sp. ; Diplodactylus,

1 sp.

Zonuridae : Zonurus, 2 sp. ; Chamaesaura, 1 sp.

Gerrhosauridae : Gerrhosaurus, 1 sp.

Scincidae : Sepsina, 1 sp. ; Melanoseps, 1 sp.

And in Angola, according to Bocage, there are : —

Geckonidae : Pachydactylus, 2 sp. ; Rhoptropus, 1 sp. ♦

Zonuridae : Zonurus, 2 sp. ; Chamaesaura, 1 sp.

Gerrhosauridae : Gerrhosaurus, 2 sp. ; Tetradactylus, 1 sp. ; Cordylo-
saurus, 1 sp.

Scincidae : Sepsina, 3 sp. : Typhlacontias, 1 sp., but with very few
exceptions — the genera Lygodactylus, Homopholis, and Gerrhosaurus — this
fauna does not pass north of the Equator.

The dual nature of the South African fauna and the general relation-
ship of the one portion with that of Madagascar is no doubt to be explained
by the following old theory : Madagascar, according to most authorities,
was united with Southern Africa up to midtertiary times (Mocquard and
others consider that the separation occurred in the secondary period) this
large area constituting a continental island (see “ Wallace’s Island Life ”),
and there was a common fauna which gave rise in South Africa to the
peculiar endemic fauna of the present day. Then came the separation off of
Madagascar, and subsequently the continent of Africa assumed its present
shape and South Africa was invaded by a new assembly of lizards, Lacertidae.
Agamidae, etc., which came from Europe and Asia via North Africa* It is
not possible for me to deal with the problem of the primary origin of the
peculiar fauna of South Africa and of Madagascar, for the affinities of such
characteristic families as the Gerrhosauridae and the Zonuridae provide no
very definite clue, nor is there any palaeontological evidence ; but as there
seems to be no indication that this is derived from a European or Asiatic
source, it may perhaps be regarded as the remains of a former southern
hemisphere fauna, for it has some relationship (Scincidae, Geckonidae) with
Ceylon, Southern India, and Australia (cp. distribution and relationship of

2

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Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

the genera Acontias, Sepsina, Melanoseps, Oedura, Phelsuma, and Phyllo-
dactylus) ; and though the evidence of these few lizards is in itself hardly
sufficient to warrant the hypothesis of the existence in the secondary
period of a continent (Lemuria) stretching between South Africa, Mada-
gascar, and southern India, it is of interest to note that similar relationships
in these several areas have been found also in other groups of
animals (mammals, birds), and certain geologists have advocated this
theory on the evidence of a similarity between the fossil plants and reptiles
of South Africa and India. The theory was strenuously opposed by
Wallace, who, on account of the great depths of ocean which separate the
extensive shoals and coral reefs now to be found in the Indian Ocean
between Madagascar and India, considered that there could not have been
a continuous land surface during the secondary or tertiary periods, but
admitted the former existence in those parts of several large islands, some
of them not much inferior in size to Madagascar itself ; and these islands
he supposed were stepping-stones for an interchange of faunas. Neverthe-
less the Lemuria theory still has its champions, and, for instance, Major
Alcock (A.M.N.H. 7.14.267) explains the distribution of the Coeciliidae and
of some hermit crabs in terms of this same theory. Other writers, in order
to explain a certain affinity between the land shells of Australia and those
of southern Africa, have requisitioned the Antarctica theory, and Hedley
indeed (A.M.N.H. 6.17.117) considers that there has been a direct or more
probably indirect land connection through Antarctica between Australia
and Africa ; and Gilchrist (“ Science in South Africa”, p. 192), referring to
certain genera of marine fish common to the Antarctic region and to South
African waters, says that the “ shore forms might be taken as additional
evidence of the former existence of an Antarctic continent”, but guardedly
adds “ an explanation postulating the existence or removal of continents is
to be regarded as a last resource ”.

However this may be, it appears that the affinities of the South African
lizards with those of other regions are to be paralleled, not only amongst
other groups of animals, but also in the plants of the present day, for Bolus
(“ Science in South Africa”) says that, “the flora of the south-west Cape
Colony presents striking marks of a similar origin to that of Australia”,
and Wallace states that “the affinities of the Madagascar flora are largely
African, whilst Bentham emphasizes the fact that “ the connection of the
mascarene endemic compositae, especially those of Madagascar itself, are
eminently with the southern and sub-tropical African races”.

As regards the entity of the South African region as a zoological area,
there can be no doubt but that the distinction between the peculiar
endemic fauna of southern Africa and the fauna of tropical Africa is too
pronounced to permit of our regarding the South African region as merely
a province of the large Ethiopian area and indeed, but for the infiltration
of tropical forms, no one would hesitate to unite South Africa with Mada-
gascar as a region quite distinct from the more northern parts of Africa.
But the question of the northern boundary of our area is quite another
matter. It is obvious that under the circumstances the South African area
must include all the southern African families and genera of Madagascar
affinities, but as there are no strongly-marked natural boundaries, some few
species, e.g. G-errhosaurus flavigularis, have extended far into tropical
Africa. I do not think it necessary to attempt to include the remotest
limits of every widely-distributed species unless a sufficient number of
species belonging to different genera extend thus widely but it must
comprise the majority of the species. To fulfil these conditions the

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

67

South African zoological area should take in German East Africa
(perhaps also British East Africa), British Central Africa, and Angola ;
that is to say, roughly speaking, Africa south of the equator, the Congo
basin excepted. We should thus include the whole of the Zonuridae,
practically all the Gerrhosauridae — though G. flavigularis apparently
extends into Southern Egypt — and in addition to the genera previously
mentioned in the Geckonidae, all the species of Pachydactylus, the genera
Diplodactylus (Australia, Madagascar, and German East Africa) and
Platypholis (German East Africa), an ally of Homopliolis, in the Scincidae
the allied genera Melanoseps and Sepsina which are related to Sepophis
of Southern India, the genus Sepsina occurring also in Madagascar,
and the genus Typhlacontias which is related to Acontias. The
question may now be asked to what extent will the distribution of the
other sections of the South African lizard fauna conform to the new
arrangement. We have already seen that the families Agamidae, Lacertidae,
Amphisbaenidae, and Varanidae form very few strongly-marked associations
of species and still less of genera in the South African region as ordinarily
defined, so that it could matter little if the distribution of these families
should lend no support to this proposal for a greater South Africa. As a
matter of fact, however, they are decidedly in agreement : in the case of a
number of genera (Scapteira, Eremias, Nucras) certain representatives,
either singly or in groups of species which occur in the western portion of
the sub-continent, extend northwards into Angola and similarly genera in
the eastern portion have species which are common to the Transvaal and
German East Africa but not extending further north, or in these two areas
are comprised all the species belonging to the same section of a large genus
(cp. Ichnotropis squamulosa , the hispida section of Agama ) : and thus the
proposed region would now include several additional genera peculiar to
the area (Ichnotropis, Nucras) from which we may conclude that the com-
paratively recent Ethiopian fauna has really been in South Africa for a
long period seeing that in this area peculiar genera have been evolved.

The present distribution of the Chamaeleons is somewhat puzzling,
and, at first sight, difficult to explain in terms of the preceding hypotheses.
According to Werner, the species constitute a number of structurally
distinct groups, as follows : — The characteristic South African group goes
along with a number of East African species and with the species
common to the Seychelles and Zanzibar (Mocquard doubts the Zanzibar
record for C. tigris ; this is a point of considerable importance, in view of
the great isolation of the Seychelles Islands) : the distribution of the whole
group almost coinciding with the larger South Africa. The species
anchietae , of Angola, is considered by Mocquard (see Werner’s monograph)
to be identical with lateralis of Madagascar. This (or these) species
belongs to a group which comprises another Madagascar species and two
species from East Africa. The Indian, Arabian, Socotran, Syrian, North
African, and Mediterranean species are all comprised in the section of nine
species, which includes one West African species and three species
occurring north of the equator stretching from west to east, two of them
also extending far southwards ( dilepis and gracilis'). Another whole
section of fourteen species is made up entirely of Madagascar and Comoro
species. A section of ten species is composed of- Madagascar and East
African forms ; and another section of nine species divides itself between
the same two areas. Another section of ten species is made up of five
West African (Kamerun and Gabun) species and five from East Africa.
G. namaquensis is a section in itself.

68

Annals op the Transvaal MusEtrM.

The Chamaeleonidae have two other genera, Brookesia, confined to
Madagascar, and Rhampholeon, of six species, which are distributed in
East Africa from Mashonaland northwards to Somaliland. One species
only extends from East Africa as far as Kamerun and Gabun in West
Africa.

The salient facts shown by the above are : South Africa, East Africa,
and Madagascar have mutual relationships, and these areas contain the
great majority of the species. The most widely-distributed African
species extend north of the equator stretching from east to west, and are
comprised in the same section as includes the single Indian species, the
widely-distributed vulgaris of North Africa and the Mediterranean region,
the two Arabian species — one of which is also recorded from the Nile —
and the Socotran species. These facts seem to me not inconsistent with
the hypothesis which so well explains the distribution and affinities of the
other lizards, and we may, indeed, suppose the Chamaeleons had their
home in the large island which comprised southern Africa and
Madagascar. After the separation of Madagascar and the union of
northern and southern Africa certain species which have special facilities
for distribution spread northwards, penetrating into Europe, and one
odd species passed, via North Africa or Arabia, even into India and Ceylon.

The occurrence of Chamaeleons in all habitable parts of Africa and on
numerous islands (Samo, Khio, Cyprus, Socotra, Comoro, Seychelles,
Zanzibar, Mauritius, Bourbon, Canaries, and Fernando Po) undoubtedly
points to the fact, which might not otherwise be suspected, that these
creatures, have exceptionally good capacity for distribution, and in this
respect they differ widely from the other endemic groups of southern
Africa (Zonuridae, etc.), which, as I think, have remained content with
the area which formed their ;original home. Chamaeleon remains have
been reported from Eocene deposits in Wyoming, U.S.A., and from
Oligocene strata at Quercy, France, which, no doubt, indicates that
Chamaeleons are a comparatively old group, and had an extensive
distribution in past ages. We need not, therefore, suppose that
Chamaeleons actually originated in the Ethiopian island, but only that all
the present day Chamaeleons had their ancestors in that area.

According to Hollway (“ Science in South Africa ”), the northern
boundary of South Africa, from a geographical point of view, is the great
Congo-Zambesi divide, which stretches like a bridge from east to west
across the continent from within a short distance of the Atlantic to the
north end of LakeNyassa ; and I think it very probable that this boundary
on the western half coincides with the northern boundary of the South
African zoological area, but on the eastern side the highland area goes
much further north, and so also does the South African fauna.

Mr. W. L. Sclater has proposed ( Geog . Journal , 7, 282) to divide the
Ethiopian region into four sub-regions, the Saharan, West African, Malagasy,
and Cape sub-regions, and he then extended the Cape sub-region as far as
the Congo watershed on the west and the Tana watershed on the east, which
is entirely in agreement with my present conclusions ; but, later on, he
found it “ increasingly difficult to draw any dividing line between the
Saharan and Cape sub-regions ” (“ Science in South Africa ”, p. 150), and,
limiting himself to the area south of the Zambesi and Cunene Rivers, he
attempted to show that “ South Africa has not such a specialized fauna as
was formerly attributed to it, and that it has comparatively little to
distinguish it from the rest of the Ethiopian region ”. Now this
generalization was based on the question of percentages of peculiar genera

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

69

amongst the South African (south of theiZambesi and Cunene Rivers) land
vertebrates ; but a rigid statistical inquiry of this kind may often prove
very misleading, for there are a number of genera (Zonurus, Gerrhosaurus,
Pachydactylus) which have each many species the majority of which are
confined to South Africa, but as one or two outlying species happen to
have crossed the border the genus has no title to be called peculiar, and
yet the evidence of such genera is clearly of considerable import ; and,
again, the genera which occur only in South Africa and in Madagascar are
also misplaced in such a simple statistical scheme. But, as a matter of fact,
this method would have led to a more correct conclusion had the author
adhered to the Cape region as previously defined by himself.

It is not possible for me to say to what extent the distribution and
affinities of the other South African land vertebrates is in accordance with
the conclusions based only on the study of the lizards — but probably it
will be found that every group of vertebrates resolves itself into two
sections representing the ancient and the new faunas — and as for the
invertebrates it is hardly to be expected that many groups distribute them-
selves according to vertebrate regions. However, Mr. Distant, from
consideration of the Rhopalocera, is disposed to accept Sclater’s Cape region,
but suggests that Somaliland should also be included (A.M.N.H. 7.1.47).
Zoological regions have no absolute value and apply only to certain
groups, seeing that the facilities for distribution vary immensely in the
animal kingdom and that different groups of animals have arisen during
different geological periods, and since their origin have been subjected
to a great diversity of changes : and indeed a zoological area is chiefly
interesting to the zoologist as a datum bearing on the history of the
groups which conform to that area.

The Zoological Sub-regions of South Africa.

The available data are still insufficient to deal at all thoroughly with
this subject, but the broad facts of the matter are as follows : a western
portion comprising Angola, German south-west Africa, west Cape Colony,
and the Karroo, has a very characteristic fauna abounding in types which
are structurally adapted for life in arid and sandy regions ; an eastern
portion, including German East Africa, Portuguese East Africa, British
Central Africa, Rhodesia, low veld Transvaal, Zululand, Natal, and the
eastern portion of Cape Colony, together with a part of the southern
coastal strip, has also a distinct fauna. Between these two areas are
included the Orange River Colony and the high and middle veld portion
of the Transvaal, the fauna of which is more nearly allied to the western
area though it is very much poorer in deserticolous types than is any
portion of that western area. I believe, therefore, that in the southern
portion of our sub-continent that extensive range of high mountains, the
Drakensberg, marks the boundary between the eastern and western sub-
regions, but it should be clearly understood this is not an absolute boun-
dary for every species ; northwards there is no natural boundary to
separate the two areas but, nevertheless, Angola and German East Africa
have faunas sufficiently distinct but no doubt with some overlapping.

The more characteristic fauna of the western region is as follows : —
All the South African species of Eremias, and of Scapteira, the South
African group of six species of Mabuia, including trivittata , occidentalism
etc., the geckonid genera Ptenopus, Palmatogecko, Chondrodactylus, Rhop-
tropus, and Colopus, the genus Cordylosaurus, and the species Amphisbaena
quadrifrons Monopeltis capensis , Typhlosaurus lineatus, and Chamcteleon

70

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

namaquensis. As already stated, this fauna is concentrated in German
South-West Africa, western Cape Colony, and the Karroo, whilst only
comparatively few elements extend to the high central plateau constituted
by the Orange River Colony and high and middle veld portions of the
Transvaal ; this central plateau, apart from the species which are un-
doubtedly representatives of the western fauna, has very few species
peculiar to the area, and the rest of its fauna is made up of widely-
distributed species, so that I do not think that this area is entitled to stand
as a sub-region distinct from the western and of equal importance to it.

The headquarters of the typical western and eastern faunas are areas
of widely different environment, the western portion being comparatively
arid and rainless, whilst more genial conditions prevail in the eastern area.
Consequently the western fauna shows to a considerable extent, structural
adaptations with the surroundings, as for example in Typhlosaurus lineatus
with its sharp cutting snout for burrowing in baked earth and burning
sand; the species of Scapteira (Lacertidae) and the gecko Ptenopus garrulus ,
with their broadly-fringed digits, which allow of rapid movement over
loose sand ; Ghamaeleon namaquensis , whose brown and sombre hues,
assimilating with the desert colours, contrast strongly with the vivid greens
of bush-frequenting chamaeleons.

The more characteristic fauna of the eastern region includes the
following genera and species : In the Scincidae the species of Herpetosaura
and Melanoseps and Acontias plumbeus ; the geckonid genera Homopholis,
Platypholis, and Diplodactylus ; the degraded Typhlosaurus aurantiacus
and cregoi ; in the Amphisbaenidae three species, Amphisbaena violacea ,
Monopeltis sphenorhynchus , and the genus Chirindia ; two species of Agama,
namely, kirki and mossambica ; the great majority of the species of
Rhampholeon and probably Ghamaeleon damaranus and caffer.

This eastern region extends along the southern coastal strip of Cape
Colony for a considerable distance in a westerly direction, reaching as far
as Knysna, though the most characteristic species of the region do not
extend much further south than Zululand. In thus Refining the southern
limits of the eastern areas I have been guided to some extent also by the
distribution of the widely distributed tropical species which extend south-
wards into our area. Such tropical species in all cases extend much further
southwards on the eastern side than on the western side. In some cases,
e.g. Mabiiia qiiinquetaeniata, the species extends from Angola to East
Africa, but southwards it scarcely penetrates into German South-West
Africa, and avoids the high central plateau, but extends in a southerly
direction into low veld Transvaal, Zululand, Natal, and Werner
records it from the Graliamstown neighbourhood. Lygosoma sundevcdli
and Ablepharus wahlbergi have a similar distribution, but these species
encroach somewhat further on the western side. Mabuia striata , the
common house skink, occurs throughout the whole area with the exception
of south-western Cape Colony. Much the same kind of distribution
obtains amongst the tropical geckos. Hemidactylus mabouia appears to be
altogether absent from German South-West Africa and the central plateau,
but eastwards it extends into Barberton District and Zululand. Lygodac-
tylus capensis again is absent from German South-West Africa, and from
western Cape Colony, but occurs on the high plateau, extending as far
south as Kimberley on the western side and Natal on the east side.

Ghamaelon quilensis is found throughout the whole area with the
exception of Cape Colony.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

71

It will be seen from the above facts that the two areas are by no
means homogeneous throughout their length, inasmuch as the tropical
fauna from the north gradually loses in intensity as it passes southwards,
whilst a somewhat opposite state of affairs obtains with the peculiar South
African fauna. The rivers of South Africa, no doubt, act as efficient
barriers ag ainst the dispersal of a small proportion of the species. On the
west side* the Orange River seems to be the southern boundary of a
number of tropical species which enter the western sub-region, and,
consequently, in western Cape Colony the peculiar fauna of South Africa
is relatively most strongly developed. On the east side the Limpopo
River is apparently an impassable barrier to such typical South African
lizards as Mctbuia trivittata , Pseudocordylus microlepidotus , and
Chamaesaura aenea ; and, on the other hand, such tropical species as
Agama kirki are not to be found south of that river.

It may be possible to further divide the western region, and, perhaps,
also the eastern, into a number of zones according to altitude, but there is
not sufficient data to determine this. It is known, however, that there are
certain species (. Zonurus cordylus and Mabuia homalocephcila) which
occur only on the coastal strip of South Africa.

In conclusion, we may summarize as follows : — The South African
zoological region is sub-divided into western and eastern sub-regions with
the limits as above defined, but the separation, is not a very profound one,
for some species and many genera are common to both sub-regions, and,
though some genera and many species are absolutely confined to one of the
regions only, this cannot be said of any natural group of genera nor of
any family of lizards, whilst, lastly, the segregation is largely in accordance
with different environmental conditions, seeing that the most
characteristic elements of the western sub-region show many structural
adaptations for a deserticolous habitat.

(1) Female of Platysattrus gttttattis, Smith, from Woodbush.

(2) Female of Pfatysaurtis wifhelmi, n. sp.

Hadogenes gunningi Pure.

Koch’s Bodies (free).

(a) Agamogonous forms.
(&) Gamogonous form.

(a) Agamogonous forms (free).

(/?) Gamogonous form before the segmentation.
(<?) Blood corpuscle with parasites.

Free gamogonous form in segmentation.

(a) Intracellular agamogonous form in segmentation.

( b ) Intracellular gamogonous form in segmentation.

(a) Intracellular agamogonous form.

(b) Intracellular gamogonous form.

(c) Free agamogonous form in segmentation.

( d ) Intracellular form in segmentation.

Car all urn a Leendertriae, N. E. Brown,

-

ANNALS MEDEDEELINGEN

OF THE VAJJ HET

TRANSVAAL MUSEUM

NOVEMBER, IQIO

PKETOKIA

The Government Printing and Stationery Office
1910

0083—22/9/1.0—500

.

%i/c< : ;i,©i

ANNALS

MEDEDELINGEN

OF THE VAN HET

J’ransvaat Museum.

VOL. II. NOVEMBER, 1910. No. 3.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SNAKE, PROSYMNA TRANS=
VAALENSIS, FROM THE TRANSVAAL

By John Hewitt.

PROSYMNA TRANSVAALENSIS, n. sp.

Rostral large and broad, with angular but not sharp-cutting horizontal
edge ; a single internasal, a single prefontal, and a single anterior tem-
poral ; frontal large, more than half the width of the head, not touching
the eye ; loreal longer than deep ; a single preocular and a single postocular
(on the right side the supraocular and the postocular are fused together) ;
six upper labials, the third and fourth entering the eye ; two pairs of
chin shields, the posterior pair small.

Dorsal scales smooth, in fifteen rows ; ventrals, 156 ; anal entire ;
subcaudals, twenty-two (twenty-six in another specimen). Black above,
with two longitudinal rows of small white spots situated at irregular
intervals, absent on the tail and the most anterior portion of the body ;
lower parts whitish.

Total length 260 mm. ; tail 25 mm. Type specimen from Tzaneen,
Zoutpansberg District, 31st July, 1908 (W. H. Charter).

We have also three specimens from Medingen, Klein Letaba (Rev.
W. Krause). The largest of these agrees with the type, excepting in that
the supraocular is not fused with the postocular on either side. The two
other specimens, both juvenile, are aberrant, in that one of them has two
postoculars and two suboculars, which latter separate the eye from the
upper labials, whilst in the other specimen labials two and three on the
right side, and two, three, and four on the left side enter the eye. More-
over, in these young specimens, the rostral is not so angular as in the
adults.

This species is near to Prosy mna ambigua Boc., but on account of the
single postocular, the slightly increased number of ventrals, and the two
pairs of chin shields, I believe it to be distinct.

74

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

DESCRIPTION OF TWO TRAPDOOR SPIDERS FROM PRETORIA
(FEMALE OF ACANTHODON PRETORIAE POC. AND
STASIMOPUS ROBERTSI, N. Sp.).

By John Hewitt, B.A.

THE SUPPOSED FEMALE OF ACANTHODON PKETOBIAE POC.

In the Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7, 1, p. 319, Mr. Pocock described a single
male trap-door spider from Pretoria under the name of AcantJiodon pre-
toriae, and apparently the species has not been mentioned since. The
recent addition to our collections of a very fine specimen of a female
Acanthodon taken by Mr. Jenkins in the neighbourhood of his residence
in Park Street (Pretoria) gives me an opportunity of describing what I
believe to be the female of this species.

We have no male Acanthodon in the collection, but there is another
female specimen of the same species from Villieria (a Pretoria suburb).

Colour. — Carapace pale-yellow translucent, the chelicerae and legs
light brown, and the abdomen dull brown.

Carapace. — Equal in length to the patella, tibia, and half the meta-
tarsus of the first leg ; practically equal to the tibia and metatarsus of the
fourth leg.

Eyes. — Width of ocular area slightly exceeding the length ; distance
between outer margins of the two frontal eyes appreciably less than between
outer margins of the antero-median eyes of the posterior group, and this
latter distance slightly less than that between the outer margins of the
postero-median eyes ; antero-median eyes of posterior group slightly more
than a diameter apart, their distance from postero-lateral eyes of the
same side two and a half to three times the diameter of the antero-median
eye ; distance between postero-median eyes slightly less than that between
postero-median and postero-lateral of the same side.

Postero-median eyes considerably smaller than any of the others ;
frontal eyes looking obliquely forwards.

Legs. — Fourth the longest ; third the shortest, its femur, patella,
and tibia very stout ; tibia of first leg armed below with about fifteen
spines anteriorly and twenty-four posteriorly (including short as well as
long spines) ; of second leg with about fourteen an tero- ventral spines and
ten postero-ventrally.

Metatarsus of first leg inferiorly with many (more than twenty) spines
on the anterior side, and still more on the posterior side ; of second leg
similar, but fewer posteriorly.

Tarsi of legs one and two have strong spines antero-ventrally and
postero-ventrally ; tarsi of legs three and four have scattered bristly hairs,
situated on the anterior portion only of the ventral surface. On the third
leg, patella, tibia, and metatarsus have each many spines situated dorsally
on the anterior surface. On the upper part of the posterior surface the
patella has only a couple of spines, apically situated, and an odd one nearer
the middle of its length, situated rather more ventrally ; there are many

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

■?5

on the tibia, and about a dozen on the metatarsus, which also has about
three or four bristly hairs on either side of the ventral surface, and there
are a pair of such bristles at the distal end of the tibia ventrally.

On the fourth leg the spines are rather fewer and weaker : many
short ones on the upper anterior surface of patella, a row of about a dozen
on the upper anterior surface of the tibia, and a few scattered stiff hairs
below. About a dozen spines on the lower portion of the anterior surface
of the metatarsus ; on the posterior surface of this leg spines are wanting..

Pedipalp. — Tibia and tarsus fringed on the anterior and posterior
sides of their ventral surface with numerous strong spines.

Measurements (in millimetres). — Total length, 31 -5 ; length of
carapace, 10 -5 ; of palp, 24 ; of first leg, 26 -5 ; of second leg, 23 ; of
third leg, 22 -5 ; of fourth leg, 32 -5 ; of metatarsus of first leg, 3*8; of
metatarsus of fourth leg, 5 *75.

The following description relates to a single male specimen of a trap-
door spider, taken in the neighbourhood of Pretoria at Mountain View
bridge, on the 11th June, 1910, by the Rev. Noel Roberts, who kindly
presented the specimen to the Museum. It is probably a Stasimopus,
allied to S. nigellus Poc, described from Vredefort Road, O.R.C. (A.M.N.H.
7.10.319), but the description of this latter species is rather meagre. The
specimen cannot be matched in the Museum collection, and the female
is quite unknown.

STASIMOPUS ROBERTSI, N. Sp.

Male.

Colour. — Carapace and chelicerae black, the abdomen fuscous, except-
ing ventrally on the genital segment and lung opercula, where it is yellow ;
sternum brown, darker anteriorly and at the sides ; pedipalps and legs
black, excepting the tarsi and the greater portion of the length of the
metatarsi (tibia in pedipalp), which are reddish ; also the ventral surfaces
of the coxae, especially the posterior ones, are brown.

Carapace. — Reticulately rugose in its posterior half, the raised cephalic
portion with three ridges, of which the median one is short and weak, but
the two outer ones are much stronger and have a shallow, almost S-shaped
curve, posteriorly nearly reaching the outer limits of the fovea ; this raised
portion is reticulately wrinkled on its lateral surfaces.

Carapace longer than any of the metatarsi, equal to the tarsus and
metatarsus of the second leg.

Sternum. — Apparently without sigilla and labium without spines or
teeth.

Eyes. — Anterior row slightly procurved, posterior row recurved, wider
than the anterior row ; lateral eyes of anterior row transverse, of posterior
row facing obliquely backwards ; the median eyes of posterior row about
the same distance apart as (or very slightly less distant than) the lateral
eyes of anterior row ; distance between anterior and posterior lateral eyes
appreciably exceeding the long diameter of the latter.

Posterior median eye distant from posterior lateral eye a trifle less
than its own diameter, about its own diameter from the antero-median
eye, and more than its own diameter from the antero-lateral eye.

76 Annals of the Tkansvaal Museum.

Pedipalps. — Stretched out in front the pedipalps are only a trifle
shorter than the first leg ; femur practically straight, expanded distally ;
patella slightly curved and about as long as the tibia of first leg ; tibia
swollen, convex on its outer surface, very slightly concave on the inner
surface ; bulb of palpal organ quite three -fourths as long as the spine,
which is curved and slightly twisted, gradually tapering to a filament.

Legs. — First leg long and slender, the tarsus scopulate below (as also
are the tarsi of all the legs), with four or five spines on the anterior side
and six or seven on the posterior side ; metatarsus without scopula, thickly
spined at the sides of the ventral surface, the spines disposed obliquely,
either singly or in pairs or in threes, no spines along the median line, or
only an odd one proximally ; tibia thickly spined over the whole ventral
surfaces ; patella with a few stout spines on the distal portion of the ventral
surface.

Second leg resembling the first, but shorter. Third leg : the spines
not so strongly developed, the patella having no strong spines, and only
one or two on the tibia ; the tibia and femur considerably reduced in
length, but stouter. Fourth leg : slightly longer than the second, but
hardly so long as the first ; the tarsus with a number of rather thick spines
at the sides of the ventral surface — about a dozen anteriorly and a smaller
number posteriorly ; patella without any very stout spines, and tibia
with only one or two situated mid-ventrally ; the femur, patella, and
tibia of this leg much stouter than in legs one and two.

Measurements (in millimetres).- — Total length 17 -5. Length of cara-
pace, 7 ; length of pedipalp, 24 ; length of first leg, 25 -5 ; length of second
leg, 23 ; length of third leg, 19 ; length of fourth leg, 25 ; tibia of pedipalp,
6*25; patella of pedipalp, 4-75; femur of pedipalp, 7-5.

Annals op the Transvaal Museum.

77

A Key to the South African Species* of Geckonidae, Scincidae,
Gerrhosauridae, and Lacertidae, together with some Notes
on the Specific Characters and a Brief Summary of the
Known Facts of their Distribution.

By John Hewttt, B.A. (Cantab.),

Assistant jor Lower Vertebrates.

The following paper is based mainly on the extensive collections of the
Transvaal Museum, but I am also greatly indebted to the authorities of
all the other South African museums for the loan of material. The
investigation was undertaken with two chief objects : (1) to ascertain the
specific areas of distribution ; (2) to define the limits of the various species.
As regards the facts of distribution I have made use of all the records in
the literature listed in Ann. Trans. Mus., Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 35 (for a complete
bibliography see Roux in Zool. Jahr, 1907, XXV), but I have not thought
it necessary to quote every record, nor the authority for all records, except
in cases of particular importance. The distribution of reptiles which are
confined to South Africa is very ill-known, chiefly because this group has
received but little attention from local workers ; in fact, so far as I know,
only one extensive list of local reptiles has been published in South Africa
(Ann. Natal Govt. Mus., Vol. 1, Part 3),

The question of the range of variation within a species could not be
fully dealt with, mainly because of inadequacy of material, but there is
sufficient evidence to show that South Africa has been credited with more
reptiles than it really possesses, for in some cases so-called species are
merely geographical varieties, whilst others represent nothing more than
individual variations ; the latter class must, of course, be abolished, but
fairly well-marked geographical varieties may be entitled to stand for
convenience sake, even though an occasional intermediate should appear.

The descriptions and keys employed here are mainly founded on those
of the British Museum Catalogues.

GECKONIDAE.

1. Chondrodactylus.

Tubercles on supraorbital edge enlarged, separated from those on the
other side by two (or only one) series of tubercles ; the body covered
dorsally with irregular flat granules and round keeled tubercles ; horizontal
diameter of eye equal to length of eleven or twelve scales on middle of
belly.

Light grey-brown above, with five blackish angular transverse bands
on the back, and sometimes round white spots on the sides of the body ;
a dark median longitudinal streak on the nape, and an oblique dark band
from the eye towards the latter. * C. angulijer Pet.

Differing from angulifer thus : —

Tubercles on supraorbital edge scarcely enlarged, separated from
those on the other side by three series of tubercles in the middle ; enlarged

* For a key to the genera of the S. African lizards, see Annals Trans. Mus., vol. 2, No. 1, p. 38,

78

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

dorsal tubercles larger, more strongly keeled, subtrihedral ; horizontal
diameter of eye equal to length of six or seven scales on middle of belly.

A blackish crescentic band concavity forwards, extending from
shoulder to shoulder, and pairs of round whitish spots on the back.

*C. weiri Boul.

2. Ptenopus.

Head and body with uniform small granules all over, a little larger
on the belly ; nostril between two nasals, the antero-inferior being larger
and in contact with rostral and first labial ; no chin shields. Pale above,
with dark reddish-brown reticulations forming spots. P. garrulus Smith.

3. Phyllodactylus.

Digital expansion considerably wider than the digit. Nostril

between the rostral and three small nasals, the first labial being cut off
by the crescentic infra-posterior nasal. No regular chin shields, but small
polygonal scales passing gradually into the minute granules of the gular
region. Greyish or reddish-brown above, variegated with dark-brown.

P. porphyreus Daud.

Digital expansion scarcely wider than the digit. Nostril pierced
between rostral, first labial, and three small nasals, which are generally
granules. A row of small chin shields. Upper surfaces greyish-brown,
usually with four or six dark-brown longitudinal lines on the back and
tail, but sometimes with wavy transverse lines. P. lineatus Smith.

4. Oedura.

Nostril between four or five scales, the upper largest and separated
from its fellow by a granule ; head with small round convex granules,
largest on the snout ; chin shields small and flat, passing gradually into
the small granules of the throat.

Pale-brown above, mottled with darker transverse bands ; tail with
blackish transverse spots dorsally, and whitish annuli in the distal half.

0. nivaria Boul.

Nostril between the rostral and three nasals, the upper of which is
large, and forms a suture with its fellow. No chin shields ; head with
uniform small round flat granules.

Greyish above, with small brown spots and transverse brown bands,
five on the body and three on the tail. 0. africana Boul.

5. Hemidactylus.

Digits free, the distal joints long. Dorsal surface of body with small
granules and small irregularly scattered convex or subtrihedral tubercles ;
tail with very small scales and large conical tubercles arranged in six
longitudinal rows. Male with fifteen or more femoral pores on each side.
Grey or light brown above, with dark spots or undulated cross bands.

H. mabouia Mor.

6. Lygodactylus.

Mental broken by a continuation forwards of the line between lower
labials and gulars on either side ; four or five pairs of subdigital lamellae.

See note on this species.

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79

Brownish or olive, with darker variegations ; a blackish lateral streak
passing through the eye, generally broken up on the sides of the body ;
sometimes a pale dorso-lateral streak. L. capensis Smith.

Mental entire, not cut by a continuation forwards of the line between
lower labials and gulars ; three or four pairs of subdigital lamellae.

Olive above, with numerous small pale spots edged with black.

L. ocellatus Koux.

7. Homopholis.

Head above and beneath minutely granulate ; nostril between first
labial and five small nasals ; rostral sub quadrangular ; snout very convex,
in length one and a quarter times diameter of orbit.

Body scales above and below equal, small, subhexagonal, imbricated.
Grey, with dark-brown variegations above ; a dark-brown band from
behind the eye to a little beyond the scapula region. H. wahlbergi Smith.

Head with small granules, which are considerably larger on the snout ;
nostril between first labial and six scales, of which the two anterior are
largest ; snout equal in length to the orbit or scarcely longer ; dorsal
scales of body larger than the ventrals ; rostral six sided, its upper side in
contact with the anterior nasal and an internasal. Uniform greyish above.

H . macrolepis Boul.*

8. Pachydactylus.

Subdigital Lamellae 7-10.

Dorsally with flattened granular scales and some small keeled ones,
intermixed with large strongly keeled scales, arranged in longitudinal
series ; head covered with small flattened convex or bluntly keeled scales,
largest on the occiput ; ear narrow vertical ; eight to ten transverse
lamellae below the digits. Brown or greyish above, back and tail with
narrow, rather indistinct transverse dark-brown bands ; a dark-brown
line on each side of the head passing through the eye, and another from
the nostril to the upper border of the orbit. P. bibroni Smith.

Similar to bibroni in colour and other general characters, but
differing in that dorsal tubercles are quite flat, arranged in rather
irregular longitudinal rows ; across middle of back nineteen to twenty-one
tubercles ; across middle of belly forty-three to forty-five scales.

P. laevigatus Fisch.

Dorsally with minute granules, intermixed with large trihedral
tubercles, forming eighteen longitudinal series ; hinder part of head with
minute granules, intermixed with oval smooth or obtusely keeled tubercles ;
naso-rostrals in contact ; ear small, oval ; six to nine subdigital lamellae.
Dorsally with three broad dark-brown crossbands on the body ; a dark-
brown horseshoe-shaped streak round the back of the head, passing through
the eyes. P. jasciatus Boul.

Subdigital Lamellae, 3-6.

Dorsal tubercles keeled {not conical).

Dorsally with very small granules and large keeled round or oval
tubercles, symmetrically arranged ; the granules of interocular region and

* This species may be a synonym of wahlbergi.

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Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

hinder part of the head intermixed with large round keeled tubercles ;
naso-rostrals in contact (sometimes separated in young or half-grown
individuals) ; tail annulate, with alternating smooth scales and large
feebly keeled tubercles or scales ; five to six subdigital lamellae. Pale
above, with dark-brown and whitish variegations ; a dark-brown streak
on each side of the head, passing through the eye. P. capensis Smith.

Similar to capensis, but differing in that naso-rostrals are not in
contact ; the first labial is pentagonal, as high or higher than broad, and
it borders the nostril ; the dorsal tubercles are arranged in more or less
longitudinal rows, the scales of median row less convex and weaker-keeled
than those laterally situated. Pale above, with five or six dark stripes
across the back. P. weberi Roux.

Four to five subdigital lamellae ; enlarged dorsal tubercles, rather
small, keeled, but not symmetrically arranged ; the interocular region and
back of the head with only a few scattered, slightly enlarged granules ;
naso-rostrals separated by a granule ; mental longer than broad. Pale
above, irregularly spotted all over with dark-brown (affinis), or four broad
brown transverse bars on the back, and a broad brown crescent-shaped
band, bordering the head posteriorly (formosus s. st.). P. formosus Smith.

Four subdigital lamellae ; dorsal tubercles feebly keeled and
irregularly arranged ; naso-rostrals separated ; mental square, not
narrowed posteriorly ; outer part of femur and tibia with scattered oval
strongly keeled large tubercles. Reddish-brown above ; the back with five
transverse, dentated, whitish, dark-brown - edged bands, much narrower
than the interspaces between them. P. mentomarginatus Smith.

Dorsal tubercles conical or subconical.

Head covered with conical tubercles and small granules ; body
dorsally with small granules and large conical spinose tubercles, irregularly
arranged; lower surfaces with granular subconical scales; naso-rostrals
separated by a granule ; four or five subdigital lamellae. Greyish-brown
above, with four transverse dentated whitish bars on the back, which are
narrower than the intervals ; a whitish band from the mouth to the
anterior crossbars. P. rugosus Smith.

Head scales smooth, flattened, not conical ; dorsal surface of body
with keeled subconical or conical tubercles and small granules ; ventrally
with smooth, flat, imbricated scales ; naso-rostrals in contact ; four or five
subdigital lamellae. Head pale, bordered by a black band starting from
the nostril, passing through the eye and round the occiput ; this dark band
bordered posteriorly by a pale one ; the body is dark with two pale bands
dorsally. P. oshaugknessyi Boul.

Dorsal tubercles distinct from granules only by their larger size.

A few conical tubercles on outer side of tibia ; naso-rostrals rather
widely separated ; three or four subdigital lamellae. A broad dark-brown
streak on the side of the head, passing through the eve and converging
in a curve towards its fellow on the occiput ; back with four longitudinal
series of dark-brown spots, sometimes confluent into bands.

P, maculatus Gray,

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81

Dorsal scales all equal.

Snout usually very short, hardly as long as diameter of orbit ; naso-
rostrals usually in contact ; three subdigital lamellae ; caudal scales three
or four times as large as the granules of the back. Dorsally grey, with
reddish-brown blackish-margined markings as follows : a spot on the nose
and another on the forehead, a semicircular broad bar round the back
of the head from eye to eye, and posteriorly directed angular broad bars
on the back and tail. P. mariquensis Smith.

Snout very short ; naso-rostrals usually separated ; four to five sub-
digital lamellae ; caudal scales about twice as large as granules on the
back. Grey or brown above, with small white dark-edged ocelli ; a straight
dark streak on the side of the head and neck, passing through the eye.

P. ocellatus Cuv.

Very like ocellatus, but differing in that the snout is longer and more
pointed ; the scales on the snout are three or four times as large as those
on the back of head (scales of head and body subequal throughout in
ocellatus and mariquensis). Brown above, spotted with blackish-brown ;
behind the eye a yellow band, blackish-edged above. P. punctatus Pet.

9. Colopus.

Nostril between three nasals, the anterior largest ; dorsal scales
uniformly granular ; tips of fingers slightly dilated, of toes rather narrowed.
Olive-green above, with large yellow darker-edged spots confluent into
irregular crossbands on the back ; a yellow median streak from snout
to occiput. C. wahlbergi Pet.

10. Khoptropus.

No chin shields; ear -opening horizontal; mental and contiguous
labials much elongated ; ten or eleven upper and eight or nine lower
labials ; nostril in the centre of a swelling formed by three or four nasals.
Yellowish or greenish-olive above, uniform, or with small scattered dark
spots. R. afer Pet.

Mental large, sub triangular, broader than long, in contact with two
chin shields ; nostril between the first labial and two nasals, the latter
not swollen ; ear opening oblique ; seven upper and six lower labials.
Grey above, with round, dark-edged whitish spots ; a rather indistinct
dark line on each side of the head, passing through the eye.

R. ocellatus Boul.

Three chin shields ; seven upper and eight lower labials. Olive-green
above, marbled with blackish ; three small transverse black spots near
the insertion of the thighs ; limbs with reddish-brown chevron-shaped
bands, the tail annulate with black. * R. braconnieri Thom.

11. Elasmodactylus.

Nostril between rostral, first labial, and three other small scales ;
thirteen subdigital lamellae on median toe of hind foot ; terminal joint
of toes superiorly with two enlarged scales, which protect the pouch of
the very minute claws. Grey above, with traces of black spots, some of
the larger tubercles being black; traces of transverse bands on the tail.

E. namaquensis Sclat.

* See note.

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Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

12. Palmatogecko.

The whole animal uniformly granulated ; digits above and below
densely covered with small uniform granules, without any trace of lamellae,
the short free distal joint with a faint obtuse claw ; eyelid distinct all
round the eye ; pupil vertical. P. mngei Anders.

Notes on the Specific Characters of Certain Species.

1. Chondrodaclylus. — The swollen palms and soles are very charac-
teristic, and individuals are of stout build, reaching a large size. C. weiri
Boul. (P.Z.S., 1887, p. 340) is in my opinion of doubtful validity, for its
separation from C. angulifer is based upon characters which are all very
variable in angulifer ; this applies to the degree of enlargement of the
supraorbital scales, the number of scales between the supraorbitals, the
size of the ventrals relative to the eye, and the degree of keeling of the
dorsal scales.

The South African Museum has a good series of C. angulifer from
Little Namaqualand and western Cape Province. In this series there are
two or three individuals which have three series of scales between the
supraorbitals, but they do not also combine the other characters of
C. weiri, and in view of the fact that none of the Cape Province specimens
have precisely that combination of variations which are said to separate
off the Kalahari species, the identity of this latter must remain undecided
until a large series of Kalahari specimens is available for examination.

2. Lygodactylus ocellatus Roux. — (Zool. Jahrb., 1907, p. 406.) This
seems to be a distinct species ; it is easily distinguished from capensis
by the character of the mental as given in the key. According to Roux it
also differs from capensis in that there are only two nasals, and the nostril
abuts on the rostral, whereas in capensis there are three nasals, and the
rostral is cut off from the nasal ; but we have specimens of capensis which
have precisely the condition described for ocellatus, and on the other
hand all our specimens of ocellatus have three nasals.

The character of the subdigital lamellae, which in the original des-
cription of ocellatus is given as three pairs, is not altogether reliable, for
our specimens have definitely four pairs, though the most distal pair is
small.

Apparently the two species occur together, for we have two specimens
representing each species taken at Waterval Onder (Dr. Gough) on the
same date, and recorded together under one number.

3. Homo'pholis — The validity of H. macrolepis Boul. is very doubtful.
The points of difference from H. wahlbergi Smith, according to the descrip-
tions given in the B. M. Catalogue, are : in wahlbergi ear opening very
small and round, in macrolepis ear opening small, roundish, sub triangular,
but in the original description of wahlbergi the ear opening is given as
narrow, oblique, broadest below ; in wahlbergi, nostril between the first
upper labial and five small nasals ; in macrolepis, nostril between the
first labial and six scales, the two anterior of which are largest ; whilst
according to Smith’s description of wahlbergi there is a relatively large
nasal, situated antero-ventrally, and a smaller one just above it, no mention
being made of the number of posterior nasals ; in wahlbergi, tail covered

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

83

with small smooth irregular scales ; in macrolepis, tail with imbricate
scales on the upper surface, much smaller than on the lower ; and in Smith’s
description the scales on the under surface of the tail are larger than those
on the upper surface ; and others as given in the preceding key. We
have a series of about a dozen specimens of a Homopholis from the Zout-
pansberg and Barberton Districts. These exhibit great variation in respect
to the number and size of nasal and internasal scutes.

Usually there are two comparatively large anterior nasals, the ventral
one considerably the larger, but sometimes these are fused together ;
there may be one, two, three, four, or even more internasals, and there
are three or four posterior nasals ; the arrangement on one side is often
not quite the same as on the other side. In large specimens the upper
margin of the rostral is rounded, and the rostral may best be described
as subquadrangular, but in younger individuals the rostral is often six-
sided. This is a character of no specific importance.

As regards the granulation of the head, in most of our specimens the
granules on the snout are appreciably larger than those on the back of the
head, and this is the case to a greater or less extent in all the specimens
I have seen of this genus.

On comparing our specimens with the co-type of macrolepis (in the
South African Museum), and with specimens kindly lent me by the
authorities of the Natal Government Museum and the Khodesian Museum
I have not been able to resolve this long series into two species, and am
provisionally referring all to wahlbergi. The question of the validity of
macrolepis cannot be absolutely decided until the types of the supposed
two species can be compared with a series of specimens. Larger specimens
of Homopholis sometimes have a pair of broad black dorso-lateral bands ;
this appears to be nothing more than a colour variation.

4. Pachydactylus fasciatus Boul. — The specimen in the South African
Museum labelled as the co-type of this species has on most of the digits
five or six subdigital lamellae, and on the median toe there are only seven ;
the original description cites nine lamellae under the dilated part of the
median toes. In other respects this specimen agrees with the description
of the species.

Pachydactylus capensis Smith. — This species is common in the Pretoria
district. Young and half-grown individuals show considerable variation
in the degree of keeling of the dorsal tubercles, but in all adult specimens
that I have seen the dorsal tubercles are strongly keeled, and the scales
on the snout, and the larger scales on the hinder part of the head, are also
definitely keeled.

In adult specimens the naso-rostrals are in contact, but in young and
half-grown individuals they are sometimes separated by granules ; in
no case does the first labial enter the nostril. Our largest specimen
measures 57 mm. from snout to vent.

Pachydactylus weberi Boux. — This species I have not seen. It should
be easy to distinguish from P. capensis by the character of the first labial.
The colour pattern is of the same type as in P. fasciatus Boul., the thin
stripes of weberi representing the darker borders of the broad bands of
fasciatus.

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Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

According to the description they are to be distinguished by the
character of the naso-rostrals, and by the number of subdigital lamellae
a character which, as I have shown above, is variable in fasciatus. Unless
the character of the first labial be found to show a constant difference
in the two species this recently described form will have to be reduced
to a variety of fasciatus.

Pachydaclylus formosus Smith.— We have specimens from the Busten-
burg District agreeing with the form described by Mr. Boulenger as afhnis
(Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6, 2, 138), which more recently is united with
formosus (Zool. Jahrb., 25, 410). Immature specimens of this species
and of capensis may easily be confused together, especially as the naso-
rostral character is only available in the adults.

In our specimens the head is battened from above, the back is irregu-
larly spotted with dark-brown, and there are traces of five or six thin white
stripes across the back. A single specimen from Krabbefontein (Zout-
pansberg District), which I refer with some doubt to this species, has the
naso-rostrals united, but the dorsal tubercles of the back are numerous
and disposed quite irregularly.

Pachydaclylus mentomarginatus Smith. — This species was described
from small specimens, which, as suggested in the B. M. Catalogue, are
probably immature. The only character by which it can be distinguished
from P. formosus is that of the mentum, as the scaling on the head, body,
and limbs is precisely the same in the two species, and the type of coloration
in mentomarginatus is common to very young individuals of formosus.
The mentum in typical specimens of formosus from western Cape Province
shows some variation, and though it is normally reduced posteriorly there
are one or two specimens (in the South African Museum) where it is scarcely
reduced behind, and such specimens might be referred to either of these
two species. I suspect therefore that mentomarginatus will have to sink in
formosus.

Pachydaclylus rugosus Smith. — This is a very distinct species. The
characteristic conical tubercles are particularly conical and high on the
dorsal surface of the neck. In P. formosus s. str. there is some approach
to this condition in the dorsal neck tubercles, but they are not so high
nor so definitely conical as in rugosus. The colour markings in the two
species are somewhat similar, but the white bands of rugosus are much
broader than those of formosus.

Subconical ventral scales are not found in any other species of
Pachydactylus.

Pachydactylus oshaughnessyi Boul. — Mr. Chubbs’ specimens agree
precisely with the figure given in the B. M. Catalogue. The dorsal tubercles,
however, cannot be said to be definitely conical, and they show some
approximation to the condition that obtains in P. capensis ; from this
species they are at once distinguished by their smooth flattened head scales
and from other allies of capensis by their united naso-rostrals.

Pachydactylus maculalus Gray. — The type of colour pattern is very
constant in the species, but the scaling varies somewhat. There is con-
siderable variation in the degree of enlargement of the larger tubercles,
some being subconical or even conical, and though usually the enlarged

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

85

tubercles are- scattered, occasionally they are more numerous than the
smaller ones. Sometimes tie colours of the dorsal pattern are in
vivid contrast ; ore such specimen (Port Elizabeth Museum) could be
described as having a double row of rather large, dark, black-margined
islets separated by whitish reticulations ; just over the neck this whitish
reticulation forms a cross.

Pachydactylus mariquensis Smith. — The Port Elizabeth Museum has
a specimen of this species which is abnormal in several respects. The
head is considerably more flattened than usual, and the snout is relatively
long and not obtuse.

There are eight lower labials instead of six or seven as in normal speci-
mens. The markings on the snout and forehead are normal, but the semi-
circular band round the back of the head is incomplete behind (as in
macula tus). The markings on the back are all reddish-brown, margined
with black, but they are arranged as a narrow, irregular, broken, reticu-
lately- marked lateral band, and a broader irregular dorso-lateral band,
these bands expanding in places into large spots, which in the posterior
region of the back coalesce into transverse bands.

The long and slender tail is transversely banded, the dark bands being
narrower than the pale intervals.

Pachydactylus ocellatus Cuv. — Occasionally this species has, in addition
to the small ocelli, some dark blotches or longitudinally elongated dark
streaks dorsally. The dark streak on the side of the head is not curved
posteriorly ; on the snout it is bordered above by a white streak.

Pachydactylus punctatus Pet. Our specimen from Selati (Zoutpans-
berg District) has the naso-rostrals united ; the back is covered with
smooth, flat, imbricating scales.

5. Rhoplropus. — I have not seen any representative of this genus. The
genus Dactychilikion has been reduced as a synonym of Rhoptropus by Mr.
Boulenger, but so far as I know the validity of the species ( braconnieri
Thom.) has not been questioned.

Distribution of the Species.

1 . Chondrodactylus angidijer Pet. — This species is known from Bethany
and from a locality between Aus and Bethany (Great Namaqualand),
from Little Namaqualand, Touws River, Beaufort West and Kenhardt
(South African Museum), from Malmesbury (Boettger), from Carnarvon
(Albany Museum), and from the Karroo.

Chondrodactylus weiri Boul. — Recorded from the Kalahari.

2. Ptenopus qanulus Smith — This species is recorded from various
localities in Great Namaqualand (Angra Pequena and between Aus and
Bethany), and the South African Museum has specimens from Little
Namaqualand and Little Bushmanland ; Mr. F. A. Pym has taken the
species at Modder River, near Kimberley, and Mr. F. W. Fitzsimons
has this gecko from the immediate neighbourhood of Graaff-Reinet,
which is the most southern record known to me.

3. Phyllodactylus porphyreus Daud. — Apparently this species in South
Africa is confined to the western portions of Cape Province,* though it is

86

Antals of the Transvaat, Museum.

recorded also from Madagascar and Kamerun, and it is very closely
allied to or perhaps identical with the Australian species, P. marmoratus.
The Cape Province records are Knysna and Table Mountain (Roux), Tokai
(Mr. L. Taylor), and Calvinia, Clanwilliam, and Little Namaqualand (South
African Museum).

Phyllodactylus lineatus Smith. — The locality of the British Museum
Catalogue is indefinitely Cape of Good Hope, and the only other record
known to me is Buff el River, Laingsburg (Roux).

4. Oedura nivaria Boul. — (P.Z.S., 1894, p. 726.) This was first recorded
from the highest point of the Drakensberg Range in north-western Natal ;
later records are Durban and Transvaal (Roux), and Pirie Forest, King-
williamstown (Pym).

Oedura africana Boul. — (Ann. Mag. N.H., 6, 2, p. 137.) Only known
from Damaraland.

5. Hemidactylus mabouia Moreau. — This species occurs in tropical South
America and throughout the tropical parts of Africa from West Africa
and German East Africa southwards, extending also into Madagascar
and “the islands of the Gulf of Guinea. The most southern record known
to me is M’seleni, Zululand. The Transvaal Museum has numerous
specimens from the Barberton District (Louws Creek and Hectorspruit)
and the species is recorded from the Zoutpansberg District. According
to Roux it occurs in the Pretoria District. It occurs in Angola, but there
are no records from German South-West Africa nor from the Orange Free
State.

6. Lygodactylus capensis Smith. — This species extends from Gaboon,
South Angola, Lake Tanganyika, and Mozambique southwards to Natal.
Smith recorded it from “ Kafhrland and the districts north of Cape Colony
Apart from this the only Cape Province records known to me are Kimberley
(Miss Wilman) and Ghous, near Upington, and the species has not been
taken in Eastern Cape Colony by the museums of that district. The
records from Natal, Zululand, Orange Free State, Transvaal, and
Rhodesia are numerous, but apparently the species has not been taken in
German South-West Africa.

Lygodactylus ocellatus Roux. — Described from the Pretoria District.
We have specimens from Waterval Onder (Barberton District), and from
Doornkop, Witpoort, near Belfast (Middelburg District), taken by
Messrs. R. Gerhardt and Langenhaim.

7. Homopholis wahlbergi Smith. — The species H. macrolepis Boul,
doubtfully distinct from wahlbergi, was described from Delagoa Bay.
Smith’s locality for wahlbergi was “ Kafhrland, the country to the eastward
of Cape Colony ”. We have the species from Waterval Boven and Louws
Creek (Barberton District), from Krabbefontein, Shilowane, and Wood-
bush (Zoutpansberg District), and from Palapye (Bechuanaland). The
Rhodesian Museum has it from Matoppo Hills and from Gwanda, and the
South African Museum has a record twenty miles east of Salisbury

* The term Cape Province is used in its present-day sense for the former Cape Colony ;
it must not be confused with the Cape Province of botanists.

Anstals of the Teansvaal Museum.

87

(Mashonaland). Mr. Bonlenger records it from Cognno (Portuguese East
Africa), and from M’seleni (Zululand).

8. Pachydaclylus bibroni Smith. — A widely distributed species, occur-
ring in South Angola, German East Africa, and in most parts of South
Africa. There are numerous records from the Transvaal, from Rhodesia,
from German South-West Africa, from British Bechuanaland, from Orange
Free State, and from Little Namaqualand, but there are none from Natal
and Zululand, though to the north of this area the species occurs in Mozam-
bique and Eastern Transvaal, whilst in a southerly direction it is known
from Grahamstown and Colesberg (Albany Museum), and from Cradock
and Karroo Hills, Witmoss (Port Elizabeth Museum). The other Cape
Province records known to me are Clanwilliam, Calvinia, and Worcester
(South African Museum), Prince Albert Road (Roux), and Belmont and
Kimberley (Kimberley Museum).

Pachydaclylus laevigatus Fischer. — Described from Aus in Great
Namaqualand, and recorded also from Reboboth and Kalahari Desert.

Pachydactylus fasciatus Boul. — Described from Namaqualand.

Pachydaclylus weberi Roux. — Described from Klipfontein in Little
Namaqualand.

Pachydactylus capensis Smith. — This species occurs in the Transvaal,
British Bechuanaland, Orange Free State, Zululand, Natal, and Cape
Province, with the exception of the southern coastal districts. The Cape
Province records are Kimberley (Miss Wilman), Little Namaqualand,
Richmond District, Middelburg District, Hanover District, and the South
African Museum has specimens from Matjesfontein, Beaufort West, and
Burghersdorp. Miss Wilman has the species from Mafeking.

I have seen no records from Rhodesia, but Roux records it from Rikatla,
in Mozambique. The Transvaal records are Pretoria District, Johannes-
burg, Waterberg District, and Krabbefontein (Zoutpansberg District).

Pachydactylus jormosus Smith. — The South African Museum has typical
specimens of this species from Cerfes, Calvinia, Clanwilliam, and Concordia
(Little Namaqualand), and the variety described under the name of
P. afjinis Boul., occurs in the Rustenburg District and Krabbefontein
(Zoutpansberg District), in Mashonaland and Matoppo Hills (South
Rhodesia).

Pachydactylus mariquensis Smith. — This species occurs in British
Namaqualand, and in the neighbourhood of Grahamstown (Albany
Museum). The Port Elizabeth Museum has a specimen somewhat aberrant
from Blue Cliff, Uitenhage.

Pachydactylus mentomarginatus Smith. — The locality of this species is
not known; it is probably western Cape Province.

Pachydactylus rugosus Smith. — This species is common in British
Namaqualand.

Pachydactylus oshaughnessyi Boul. — This is a |Nyassaland species
recently recorded by Mr. Chubb from Queque and from Gatooma in
Rhodesia.

Pachydactylus maculatus Gray. — Common in eastern Cape Province,
being known from Pondoland, Port Elizabeth, Kingwilliamstown, Grahams-
town, Kowie River, Bashee River, Natal, and Zululand (junction of the

88

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

two Umfolcsi Rivers). It occurs also in the Karroo, the South African
Museum having specimens from Graaff-Reinet, Hanover District, Steyns-
burg, Beaufort West, and a solitary record from British Namaqualand.
The Albany Museum has this species from Jansen ville and from Helpmakaar,
near Ladysmith.

Pachydactylus ocellatus Cuv. — In South Africa this species seems to
be concentrated in south-west Cape Province, though the British Museum
Catalogue has records from Benguella (it was taken also by Dr. Ansorge
in Angola), and Ascension Island, and it has been taken in Damaraland
by Wahlberg. The Cape Province records are Matjesfontein and Malmes-
bury (Roux), and Cape Division, Touws River, Worcester, Robertson,
Swellendam, Bredasdorp, Prince Albert Poort, and Calvinia (South African
Museum.)

Pachydactylus punctatus Pet. — Described from Mozambique. We have
a specimen from Selati (Zoutpansberg District).

9. Colopus wahlberyi Pet. — Only known from Damaraland.

10. Rhoptropus afer Pet. — Recorded from South Angola, Hereroland,
and Damaraland.

Rhoptropus ocellatus Boul. — Described from Capetown, and recorded
from Little Namaqualand (Roux).

Rhoptropus braconnieri Thom. — Only known from Lake N’gami.

11. Elasmodactylus namaquensis Sclat. — Described from British Nama-
qualand.

12. PalmatogecJco rangei Anders. — Described from Luderitzbucht,
German South-West Africa (Jahrb. Nassau, ver. Nat., Wiesbaden, 1908).

SCINCH) AE.

Mabuia.

1. Scales on the soles of the feet not * spinose ; suboculars not or

scarcely narrowed inferiorly. 2.

Scales on the soles of feet sharply keeled and spinose ; the subdigital
lamellae strongly keeled. 7.

2. A single subocular, more or less enlarged. 4.

Two labials (five and six) of about equal size may be termed sub-
oculars. 3.

3. Subdigital lamellae smooth ; dorsals tricarinate ; forty-two to

forty-six scales round the body. Olive-brown above, with small darker
and lighter spots; a more or less distinct lighter dorso-lateral band, and
a black white-edged spot in the axilla. M. stangeri Gray.

Subdigital lamellae smooth ; dorsals, five to seven carinate ; thirty
scales round the body ; fronto-nasal separated from the frontal. Olive-
above, a light lateral streak extending from upper lip to groin, edged above
by a black band, and below by a black line. M. depressa Pet.

4. Parietals forming a suture * behind the interparietal. 5.

Parietals completely separated by the interparietal. 6.

This character not absolutely constant.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

89

5. Snout short, obtuse ; subdigital lamellae smooth ; two or three

long pointed ear lobules ; twenty-eight to thirty-two scales round the
body ; fronto-nasal in contact with frontal. Olive above, often with
dark-brown longitudinal streaks or series of spots ; a dark-brown lateral
band, edged interiorly by a whitish streak, beginning on the upper lip and
passing through the ear. M. homalocephala Wieg.

Snout rather elongated ; three to five short, obtusely pointed ear
lobules ; subdigital lamellae smooth (perhaps occasionally unicarinate) ;
thirty-six to forty-four scales round the body. Either pale-brown or
olive above, each scale with a paler spot, the tail being pale yellow ; or
dark-brown above, with three yellowish white bands, the tail being blue.

M. quinquetaeniata Licht.

6. Scales on the anterior border of ear not differentiated ; subdigital

lamellae keeled or almost smooth ; twenty-eight to thirty-six scales round
the body ; dorsals three carinate. Olive or brown above, with transverse
dark-brown spots or bands, and three light bands along the back ; ventrally
whitish ; sometimes uniformly olive-brown above. M . trivittata Cuv.

Similar to homalocephala in scutellation and habit ; three short and
rounded ear lobules ; thirty-six scales round the body. Olive above,
with five black dorsal lines with a series of yellow dots between them ;
a yellow band on each side, edged below by a broad black band ; lower
surface metallic greenish-yellow. M. gruetzneri Pet.

Two or three long pointed ear lobules ; subdigital lamellae smooth ;
thirty scales round the body ; dorsals three to five carinate ; prefrontals
in contact. Dark, with light-brown longitudinal streaks corresponding to
the series of scales. M. peringueyi Boul.

Two or three large, projecting, obtusely pointed ear lobules ; sub-
digital lamellae sharply unicarinate ; dorsal scales feebly keeled. Olive
above, with three yellowish-white dark-edged dorsal streaks, and a whitish
dark-edged lateral band from upper lip to the groin. M. occidentalis Pet.

7. The adpressed hind limb not reaching the axilla. 8.

Adpressed hind limb reaching the axilla or beyond. 9.

8. Thirty to thirty-four scales round the body ; three to five short-

pointed ear lobules ; dorsals three carinate ; subdigital lamellae three
carinate ; subocular inferiorly reduced but not much so, the lower labial
border being at least half the total length of the scute. Olive or brownish
above, often with small dark-brown spots, which may be arranged in
longitudinal or occasionally transverse bands, sometimes with small pale
spots, and occasionally with two or three thin pale dorsal bands or streaks ;
a sharply defined whitish lateral streak, starting on upper lip and passing
through the ear, almost invariably present. t M. varia Pet.

Thirty-two to forty scales round the body ; dorsals mostly three
carinate (some few may be five carinate) ; subdigital lamellae one to three
carinate ; two to four short subtriangular ear lobules ; subocular not
reaching the lip, or if so much narrowed inferiorly (more so than in varia) ;
fronto-nasal broader than long. Usually dark-brown above, with a pale

* This character not absolutely constant,
f See note on the distribution of this species.

2

90

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

spot on each scale (the spots arranged in longitudinal lines), and con-
spicuous pale dorso-lateral bands ; the head with dark-brown reticulations
or spots, and the throat (rarely also the whole ventral surface of body),
with brown spots or reticulations ; often a darker brown band, starting
from the eye on the temples and sides of the neck, sometimes continued
along the body as a lateral band, and sometimes an ill-defined pale band
in the neck ; occasionally uniformly pale-brown dorsally and laterally,
and sometimes with four or five dark longitudinal bands or streaks dorsally.

* M. striata Pet.

Thirty-six to thirty-eight scales round the body ; subocular not
reaching the lip ; three small triangular ear lobules ; dorsals five carinate ;
sub-digital lamellae three carinate.

Bronzy-green above, with irregularly scattered black dots, an indistinct
light dorso-lateral band, no light band on the flanks.

t M. chimbana Boul.

9. Head and body very strongly depressed ; thirty-four to thirty-
eight scales round the body ; subdigital lamellae three carinate ; dorsals
five carinate; subocular not reaching the lip; two or three very small
ear lobules ; fronto-nasal about as long as broad. Usuall}? uniformly
blackish above, and likewise also the ventral surface ; in immature speci-
mens pale ventrally, and dorsally brown, with six longitudinal black
bands. M. sulcata Pet.

Twenty-eight to thirty-two scales round the body ; dorsals three
carinate ; subocular not reaching the lip ; subdigital lamellae strongly
unicarinate or almost three carinate ; three or four long lanceolate ear
lobules ; toes very long. Dark transverse bars on the back ; two light
lateral bands, the lower commencing below the eye and passing through
the ear ; a yellowish vertebral band, often indistinct.

M. acutilabris Pet.

Lygosoma.

Limbs short and weak, pendactyl ; body much elongated ; lower
eyelid scaly ; supranasals present ; prefrontals small ; frontal about as
long as the fronto-parietals and parietal together, but not broader than
the supraocular region ; scales smooth or more or less carinate dorsally.
Brown or rufous above, uniform, or each scale with a blackish dot or
streak ; the sides sometimes darker, with whitish brown- edged ocelli.

Lygosoma sundevalii Smith.

Ablepharus.

Interparietal shield small ; a single fronto-parietal shield of large
size ; eye surrounded sometimes incompletely by a circle of granules
more or less uniform in size ; five fingers and toes. Brown or olive above,
Uniform or with black spots, forming longitudinal lines ; a pale dorso-
lateral streak ; lateral surfaces dark. Ablepharus wahlbergi Smith.

f See also note on M. varla.

* See note on distribution of this species.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

91

Acontias.

1. Snout obtusely rounded , projecting ; fourteen to twenty scales
round middle of body ; three supraoculars.

(a) First supraocular nearly as large as or even a trifle larger than

the two others together ; a single very large preanal plate. Olive
brown above, yellow below; or yellow or pale-brown above, each
dorsal scale with a dark-brown spot, which may unite to form
six or eight longitudinal bands. A. meleagris L.

(b) First supraocular appreciably larger than the two others together.

Uniform blackish. A. plumbeus Bian.

2. Snout cuneiform, much depressed, flat injeriorly, and strongly pro-

jecting ; fourteen scales round the body ; two supraoculars, or sometimes
only one. A. lineatus Pet.

(a) Whitish, with black lines following the longitudinal series of

scales. lineatus S. str.

(b) Brown, with a purplish band across the hinder part of each

dorsal scale. Var. grayi Boul.

ScELOTES.

The limbs with five digits ; twenty-two scales round the body ; lower
eyelid with an undivided transparent disk; interparietal broader than
the frontal. Olive-brown above, each scale anteriorly edged with greenish-
white ; lower surface greenish-yellow. S. capensis Smith.

Limbs with three digits ; eighteen scales round the body ; third finger
much shorter than second. Silvery grey above, each scale darker in the
centre ; a whitish black-edged lateral band, commencing on the snout
and passing over the supraoculars. * S. tridactylus Boul.

Twenty scales round the body ; third finger equal to the second.
Olive-green, paler beneath. Scales dotted with black at the base.

* S. caffer Pet.

Fore limbs absent ; hind limb with two minute-clawed digits, or
occasionally with only one claw ; supranasal in contact with the first
labial ; lower eyelid transparent ; eighteen scales round the middle of the
body. Pale-brown above, the scales speckled with black ; usually a
dark-brown streak on each side of head, passing through the eye and
continued along the side of the body as two lines of brown dots.

S. bipes L.

Hind limb a bud-like rudiment, without claw ; twenty scales round
the middle of the body ; supranasal separated from the first labial by a
post-nasal (see note) ; lower eyelid scaly. Pale-brown above and on the
sides ; each scale with a dark-brown dot ; belly brownish-white, immacu-
late. * S. guentheri Boul.

No trace of limbs externally ; supranasal in contact with the first labial ;
four supraoculars, the three anterior ones subequal and in contact with
the frontal ; tail slightly longer than the body. Pale-brown, each scale
with a dark-brown dot, which is very small on the back, large on the belly,
largest on the sides. S. inornatus Smith.

* See note.

92

AjrarALS- of the Trahsvaal Museum.

Three supraoculars, the first being largest ; body subquadrangular ;
the scales transversely elongated. Back intermediate between greenish-
white and pale flesh-red, with two longitudinal lines of closely set brownish-
red dots ; sides brownish-red ; under parts much paler.

S. bicolor Smith.

Herpetosaura.

Limbs present, each with five digits ; twenty-two scales round the
body. Head darker than the body, the middle portions of the scutes
almost black ; suture lines paler-brown ; the body brown, with longi-
tudinally arranged black spots, largest on the sides of the body and on the
tail; ventrally also with small black spots. H. mira Boux.

Limbs absent ; four supraoculars, the three anterior ones subequal ;
six supraciliaries ; twenty scales round the body ; frontal about twice
as long as fronto-nasal ; tail shorter than the body. Silvery or light-
brown above, the sides and lower surfaces dark-brown or blackish ;
sometimes pale ventrally, and the pale dorsal area may have a darker
broad median band. H. anguina Boul.

Limbs absent ; three supraoculars ; five supraciliaries ; first supra-
ocular considerably bigger than the second or the third ; frontal a little
longer than the fronto-nasal. Pale in colour, with two or four series of
black dots along the back, and four to six on the sides, sometimes forming
by fusion a dark lateral band. H. arenicola Pet.

Sepsina.

Feet with five digits ; limbs small, the posterior one equal in length to
the distance between the base of anterior limb and the gape of the mouth,
the anterior limb equal in length to three-fourths of its distance from the
ear opening. Light-brown above, with black spots along the series of
scales, more distinct laterally ; a pale dorso-lateral streak, commencing
on the snout. S. weberi Boux.

Feet with three digits; limbs very small, fore limb hardly one-third
the length of the hind limb. Fawn-brown above ; four rows of scales on
each side, with a dark line in the centre, forming interrupted streaks.

M. grammica Cope.

Melanoseps.

Three supraoculars, first largest ; first upper labial largest, third
entering the orbit ; twenty-two scales round the middle of the body ;
tail about one-fifth the total length. Blackish-brown above and below,
the scales edged with lighter brown. M. ater Pet.

Typhlacontias.

Supranasal and fronto - nasal transversely elongated ; four upper
labials, the third entering the eye ; a loreal present, also two minute pre-
oculars ; two supraoculars ; two small postoculars, and two small widely
separated prefontals ; eighteen scales round the body. Brown above,
with a darker mid-dorsal band ; ventrally yellowish-brown.

T. gracilis Boux.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

93

Remarks on Specific Characters of Certain Species.

M . homalocephala Wieg. — The British Museum Catalogue description
for this species gives the dorsals as tricarinate, and this is the case in the
Port Elizabeth Museum specimens, but in the specimens of the Natal
Government Museum from M’seleni, Zululand, they are very strongly
five or even seven carinate.

In these same specimens the subocular is quite twice the size of either
the fourth or fifth upper labials ; the British Museum Catalogue descrip-
tion represents this condition as unusual. The separation of the pre-
frontals seems to be fairly constant ; out of a very long series of specimens
I have found only one exception. In one other case the prefrontals and
the fronto-nasal had completely fused together. Another almost invariable
character is the union of the parietals, but rarely this also fails. As regards
the colour markings, a very constant and perhaps invariable character is
afforded by the white lateral streak, which is very like that of M. varia
Pet. The dark-brown lateral band is sometimes very broad and distinct,
and at other times reduced and ill-defined.

M. depressa Pet.— In view of the great variation exhibited by M.
homalocephala this species may prove to be synonymous with the latter ;
the only satisfactory feature of distinction is that of the suboculars, which
certainly present some degree of variation in homalocephala. Judging
from the author’s figure the species agrees fairly well with the Zululand
variety of M. homalocephala .

M . peringueyi Boul. — Out of six specimens examined one had the
prefrontals separated, and in another specimen (juvenile) the parietals
formed a suture in the mid-line.

M. trivittata Cuv. — The condition of the head scutes is highly variable.
The supranasals seem to be invariably in contact. The prefrontals usually
do not form a median suture, at any rate in Transvaal specimens. Very
rarely the parietals form a short suture behind ; there is usually a pair
of nuchals, which may or may not meet in the mid-line, and occasionally
are broken up into scales. The subocular may be scarcely any bigger
than the other labials, or more often it may be nearly twice the size of
any one of the others. The first loreal may or may not reach the first
upper labial. The subdigital lamellae are sharply unicarinate in young
and half -grown specimens, but only bluntly keeled in adults. The scales
of the sole are spinose in young, but in adults are not so, or only in slight
degree. Colour markings are pretty constant, and the exceptions are
mostly old females, which in some cases have no markings dorsally other
than a faint ill-defined pale mid-dorsal band. Occasionally, however,
young or half -grown specimens have this plain coloration.

In some specimens which have the normal colour pattern there is a
trace of a more ventral pale lateral line, beginning on the upper lip, passing
through the ear, and going as far as the hind limb, being most distinct
in the neck region. The dorso-lateral bands may start over the eyes or
more posteriorly in the neck. The majority of our specimens have either
thirty-four or thirty-two scales round the body ; the adpressed limbs only
just meet, or fail to do so. Our largest specimens reach a length of 292 mm,

94

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

M. occidentals Pet. — Resembles trivittata in general habit, but differs
in respect to the character of the ear lobules, and it has no dark cross bands
or spots on the back.

M. gruetzneri Pet. — This species was described from the Transvaal
in 1869, and so far as I know has not been taken again, with one possible
exception. In Zool. Jahrb., 1907, p. 431, Dr. Jean Roux records the
species from the Pretoria District (Coll. Dr. Breyer), and remarking that
the specimens do not altogether agree with the description given in the
British Museum Catalogue, he enumerates the characters of the species
as exhibited by those specimens. But the combination of characters
therein cited seems to me to differ in no essential respect from those of
trivittata, a species which is subject to much variation in almost all the
characters ordinarily employed in specific description. The Transvaal
Museum has a very long series of trivittate mabuias, collected from various
parts of the Transvaal and of South Africa, but I have found it quite
impossible to split up into two species the collection of mabuias which
have the three pale longitudinal bands, and the numerous dark-brown
transverse bands of M. trivittata.

M. striata. Pet. — The condition of the subocular varies considerably ;
often it may be completely cut off from the lip, and at other times it
encroaches thereon so much that the labial margin of this scute is about
half the total length of the scute. The reduction of the subocular is
relatively greatest in the adults, and especially in very large specimens.
In old specimens of this species the adpressed limbs scarcely meet. As a
general rule the prefrontals are separated, but occasionally they form a
suture in the mid-line. The parietals may or may not form a suture behind.
This is the common domestic lizard of Pretoria, being abundant in the
immediate neighbourhood of houses. The house form does not reach the
large size of the same species on the veld.

M. sulcata Pet. — This species much resembles M. striata ; the two
species are ’to be distinguished by the characters of the hind limb, the
fronto-nasal scute, and the carination of the dorsal scales. But in a young
specimen of sulcata from Bechuanaland (Albany Museum), marked with
the six dark longitudinal stripes dorsally, the dorsal scales are only tri-
carinate, and in juvenile examples the character of the elongation of the
hind limb is unavailable. An adult specimenJrom Victoria West (presented
to the Albany Museum by Mr. P. D. Morris) has its dorsal scales tricarinate
throughout, and the adpressed hind-limb barely reaches the axil. According
to Bro. J. H Power the black individuals are male and the striped ones
female.

M. quinquetaeniata Licht. — In a large series of specimens the parietals
form a suture behind the interparietal, and only in one case are they
separated by a small scale. But the prefrontals may or may not form a
suture. The subdigital lamellae are invariably smooth. Colour : in

younger specimens, blackish-brown above, with three yellowish-white
longitudinal bands, the lateral band starting from over the eye ; tail
bluish. The adults vary considerably. The females are uniformly brown
or olive brown above, with a white spot near the apex of each scale, with

Annals of the Tkansvaal Museum.

95

or without a diffused brick-red patch at the side of the neck ; the tail
pale-yellow. The males have much the same coloration as in the young,
but in addition many of the darker dorsal scales have pale spots.

M. varia Pet. — This is one of our smallest species of mabuia, the total
length (British Museum Catalogue) being 165 mm. It resembles M.
homalocephala in appearance, but is at once distinguished by the character
of the spinose soles and sub-digital lamellae. From M. striata , with which
it may be easily confused, it is usually distinguishable by means of the
character of the subocular, but when this fails recourse must be made to
the colour marking, and the white sharply defined continuous lateral
streak of varia seems to be very constant, excepting in the very young.

In a single adult specimen of Mabuia varia , kindly lent by Mr. Fitz-
simons, of the Port Elizabeth Museum, the white lateral streak is altogether
wanting, and dorsally the colour is uniformly brown, except for some few
small black spots.

It is almost impossible in some cases to distinguish between the very
young specimens of the two species, for the young of varia may or may
not have the characteristic white line of the species, though there is always
at least a trace of it in the neck region ; and in the young the subocular
reaches the extreme limit of reduction, thus bringing it within the range
of striata.

Moreover, the young of striata, like that of varia, may have a whitish
lateral streak in the neck region, and pale dorso-lateral bands or streaks
on the body, but it usually has also dark-brown spots or reticulations on
the head, a character which is only rarely present in the young of varia,
though it may occur more frequently in adults ; as a rule the white lateral
streak of a young striata is not so sharply defined nor so white as that of varia,
whilst the pale dorso-lateral streaks of varia are not so broad nor so con-
spicuous as those of striata. Other characters which may be employed in
doubtful cases are : the ear lobules in varia are longer and more pointed than
those of striata ; in varia the dorsal body scales are not so much transversely
elongated as in striata ; in striata the dorsal scales of the tail are con-
siderably elongated transversely at a point quite near the base of the tail,
whereas in varia the transverse elongation of the caudal scales commences
more posteriorly, and is not so pronounced as in striata.

Lygosoma sundevalli Smith. — All the specimens I have seen have had
completely smooth dorsal scales, and the colour is light-brown dorsally,
the scales darker at the sutures ; ventrally uniformly yellowish - white,
and the sides also are without spots.

The head scutes do not vary much. A specimen from Windhoek
(German South-West Africa) has the fifth and sixth upper labials as sub-
oculars, whereas more usually it is the fourth and fifth.

Ablepharus waMbergi Smith. — In life the ventral surfaces are pink ;
sometimes there is a fairly conspicuous white lateral streak, commencing
on the upper lip and passing through the ear.

The scutellation of the head varies somewhat in specimens from the
same locality ; for instance, the frontal may form a broad suture with
the fronto-nasal, or they may be completely separated by the meeting
of the prefrontals in the mid-line.

96

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

A. meleagris L., and A. plumbeus Bian. — These two species are very
closely allied, and it is not possible to distinguish them simply on scutella-
tion characters. In adult specimens of plumbeus the first supraocular is
appreciably longer than the second and third together, but in younger
individuals this may not be the case, whilst on the other hand it occasionally
happens that specimens of meleagris have precisely the same relations of
the supraoculars as in plumbeus.

I have not found any constant difference in the numbers of the scaling ;
the number of ventrals in each case is about 150 or 155. The two species
are best distinguished by the colour and by the general build, plumbeus
being relatively stouter and shorter than meleagris, as shown by the
following measurements in inches, expressing the relationship of the greatest
breadth to the total length.

A. meleagris : J-— 8J- ; AwtVI ts — 9J’r- ¥k~~ H| ; If — Ilf.

A. plumbeus : TV — 8; — 11 \.

Acontias lineatus Pet., and A. grayi Boul. — I think the latter species
is merely a colour variety of A. lineatus , for the structural characters on
which A. grayi were founded prove to be highly variable, and afford no
sound basis for separation from lineatus.

The South African Museum has a long series of A. lineatus, and
typically coloured specimens show the following characters : usually the
frontal is equal in length to the fronto-nasal, and is a little longer than the
interparietal; sometimes the frontal is longer than the fronto-nasal, and
often it is much longer than the interparietal ; rarely the interparietal is
longer than the fronto-nasal, and in one case the frontal and interparietal
were fused together. The interparietal may be longitudinally elongated,
or it may be as broad as long, and there may be either one or two supra-
oculars.

Usually the head is fuscous laterally, but sometimes it is infuscated
dorsally on every scute ; the dark lines on the body may be very thin or
they may be thick. One specimen which in respect to the head characters
agrees precisely with the original description, is uniformly brown on the
dorsal surface of the body, and yellowish-white laterally and ventrally.
The head is fuscous laterally, but pale dorsally, as in typical specimens of
lineatus. There are two specimens which agree more or less completely
with the description of A. grayi. One is brown and the other blue-black,
the colour in each case being more pronounced dorsally, and both have the
frontal longer than either the fronto-nasal or the interparietal. One of
these specimens came along with two of A. lineatus S. str., from O'grabis
(Namaqualand), from the same collector (A. L. Streuss). In view of this
fact, and more especially that but for the colour character the above-
mentioned two specimens of A. grayi would fit well in a series A. lineatus ,
I believe that these specimens should be considered as colour varieties of
lineatus.

Acontias meleagris L., and A. lineatus Pet. — The Albany Museum has
a long series of lineated specimens of Acontias meleagris. In this species
the largest specimens are uniformly coloured, and have eighteen scales
round the body ; the smaller and middle-sized examples have usually eight,

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

97

occasionally ten, and sometimes only six dark longitudinal stripes dorsally,
and in all these lineated specimens of meleagris there are fourteen scales
round the middle of the body, and sixteen round the anterior two-fifths
of the body.

The eastern Cape Province specimens of lineatus resemble the young
of meleagris in nearly every respect — elongation of snout, form of head
scutes, and scaling of the body — but differ in that there are only two (instead
of three) supraoculars, and the dark lines are of almost uniform width,
whereas in meleagris the innermost pair is broadest (broader than the pale
interspace, which is not ordinarily the case in lineatus), and there is a
successive diminution of width to the outermost pair.

In the collection of the Port Elizabeth Museum there are four specimens
of lineatus, of which one is of normal coloration, but the other three
which are more juvenile, are quite white, with no colour markings what-
ever. As in meleagris the frontal is much longer than the fronto-nasal
or the interparietal, which latter scute is small ; the frontal and fronto-nasal
together are about equal to the rostral, and the mental projects back
beyond the rostral ; there are fourteen scales round the middle of the
body, and sixteen in the first third of the total length ; the smallest
specimen is only four and a half inches long.

In all these specimens the snout is less projecting than in the more
typical form of lineatus as found in western Cape Province, and it is just
possible that they are merely the young of lineated meleagris, but I prefer
to regard them as lineatus, for it seems to me that the character of the
number of supraoculars is more reliable than the form of the snout.
However, a lineated specimen of meleagris from Alicedale (Albany Museum)
has only %o supraoculars on the left side, and three on the right, and
a Grahamstown specimen has the same abnormality. Our smallest
specimen of meleagris is not lineated, and the length is only three and a
quarter inches. From the same locality (Grahamstown), and sent to us
at the same time, we have a lineated specimen eight inches long.

Scelotes. — I have not seen sufficient material of this genus to justify
a revision of the specific characters, though doubtlessly this is much to be
desired, as a number of the South African species were described from
solitary specimens.

The key is drawn up almost entirely from the British Museum
Catalogue.

S. bicolor Sm. ought to be rediscovered, as apparently the type and
only known specimen is lost. It may even be a species of ITerpetosaura,
though this is not very probable, for Herpetosaura belongs to the eastern
portion of the sub-continent.

S. inornatus Smith. — This species has a strong superficial resemblance
to Herpetosaura anguina. They are to be distinguished by means of the
generic character (palatine bones), by the colour, and perhaps by means
of the ratio of the length of the body to that of the tail.

The description of the British Museum Catalogue cites : “ Frontal
not twice as long as the fronto-nasal ”, but in the specimen belonging to
the Natal Government Museum the frontal is more than twice as long as
the fronto-nasab

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Annals of the Tkansvaal Museum.

S. caffer Pet., and S. tridoctylus Boul. — I suspect that these two
species will prove to be the same. In the collection of the South African
Museum there are several specimens belonging to one or other of the two
species. Two specimens agree entirely in coloration and other characters
with C. tridoctylus , but one of them has eighteen scales round the body,
and the other, the larger specimen, has twenty scales.

Another specimen, exactly similar in the scutellation of the head,
has twenty scales round the body, and all the scales are dotted with black
at the base.

In each case the second finger is the longest, but in the last-mentioned
specimen it only very slightly exceeds the third finger, and in the two
former cases it may be stated as second finger slightly exceeding the third.

These several specimens appear to combine together the ascribed
characteristic features of the two species.

S. guentheri Boul. — Of this species I have seen two specimens, one
from Umfolosi, Zululand, and the other from Natal (Natal Government
Museum). They differ from the type in the following respects : There is
no postnasal, the supranasal being in contact with the first labial ; the
rudimentary hind limbs are devoid of claws, and the colour is laterally
dark brown, but brown dorsally and ventrally, each scale with a dark
centre.

So in respect to the absence of a postnasal, the development of the
hind limb, and the colour, these specimens approach S. bipes L., but they
differ in the head scaling and in the snout. On the other hand they agree
very well with S. ino mat, us but for the hind limb rudiment. According
to the figures of the British Museum Catalogue inornatus has a pair of
obliquely elongated temporal scales immediately posterior to each parietal,
whilst guentheri has three temporals on either side, and they are scarcely
larger than the ordinary dorsal scales ; but our two specimens of guentheri
agree with inornatus in this respect also. If this species in question really
is guentheri— and it was identified as such by Mr. Boulenger in Ann. Natal
Government Museum, Yol. I, Part 8 — the validity of guentheri is question-
able, for the only recognizable difference from inornatus is that guentheri
has a bud-like rudiment of a hind limb, varying in the degree of its
development, whilst inornatus has no such rudiment.

The two specimens of guentheri have ninety-eight and one hundred
ventral scales respectively ; our single example of inornatus has ninety-
five.

Herpetosaura anguina Boul. — There is a specimen in the South African
Museum which is labelled the co-type of this species, and whilst agreeing
fairly well with the description and figure given in the British Museum
Catalogue, it differs appreciably in respect to the relative size and shape
of the interparietal scute ; this scute is longer than the frontal, and is
acutely pointed posteriorly, whereas the figure given in the British Museum
Catalogue represents the interparietal as being rather shorter than the
frontal, and having a curved, almost semicircular, posterior margin. In a
small series of specimens from Dunbrody (Uitenhage), the same condition
obtains as in the co-type ; this is also the case with the specimens of the
Port Elizabeth Museum,

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99

Another discrepancy in the above-mentioned figure is that two labials
are suboculars, whereas in all the specimens I have seen only one labial
enters the eye, and this agrees with the actual description of the species.

One specimen in the Port Elizabeth Museum collection is anomalous
in possessing a pair of fronto-parietals, which are, however, widely
separated ; judging from this specimen it appears probable that the frontal
of a normal Herpetosaura is formed by fusion of the fronto-parietals with
the frontal proper.

Distribution of the Species.

Mabuia stangeri Gray. — A West African species, extending south-
wards into Damaraland.

Mabuia depressa Pet. — Described from Tette, Mozambique.

Mabuia homalorephala Wieg. — This species is recorded by Dr. Jean
Roux from Rikatla (Mozambique). The Natal Government Museum has
specimens from Indukuduku and M’seleni (Zululand) ; Mr. Pym has taken
it at Kingwilliamstown ; and the South African Museum has records from
O’okiep (Namaqualand), from the Cape Division, from Knysna, and from
Natal. Smith collected this species ( Euprepes smithii) in “stony arid
districts to the north-east of the Cape Colony.” There are no records from
the Transvaal, nor from the Orange Free State and central districts
of the Cape Province.

Mabuia peringuegi Boul. (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1888, 6, 2, 139.) —
The South African Museum has specimens from Damaraland and from
O’okiep, Namaqualand.

Mabuia trivittata Cuv. — This is probably the commonest skink in South
Africa. It is abundant in the Transvaal (Pretoria, Witwatersrand,
Middelburg, Zoutpansberg, and Lydenburg Districts), Orange Free State,
and Cape Province, at any rate as far east as East London (Transvaal
Museum). There is no record north of the Limpopo, and none from Natal
or Zululand. Miss Wilman has this species from Mochudi, and it occurs
in Lesser Namaqualand and in Damaraland.

Mabuia occidentalis Pet. — This species occurs in South Angola, where,
according to Bocage, it occupies the Jittoral zone. It is found in Herero-
land, Damaraland, and Lesser Namaqualand. Dr. Jean Roux records it
from Matjesfontein, Cape Province, and from the Rustenburg District of
the Transvaal.

Mabuia gruetzneri Pet. — Recorded in the British Museum Catalogue
from Gerlachshoop, which is in the Middelburg District of the Transvaal.
Dr. Jean Roux records it from the Pretoria District (see previous note).

Mabuia quinquetaeniaia Licht. — This blue-tailed skink is a tropical
species' occurring in German East Africa and in Angola. Bocage states
that it is found only in the littoral and intermediate zones of Angola, and
this is probably the case also in South Africa.

It extends southwards in an easterly direction as far as the Transvaal
and Zululand. Werner records it from Grahamstown, Cape Province, but
X have seen no specimen from Cape Province, and neither specimen nor record

100

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

from German South-West Africa or Orange Free State. The most
westerly record for South Africa is Shoshong, in Bechuanaland (Bocage).
In the Transvaal it occurs in the Zoutpansberg and Barberton Districts.

Mabuia varia Pet. — Also a tropical species common in Angola and
German East Africa. It occurs in every part of South Africa, with the
possible exception of the south-west districts of Cape Province, though
Smith’s distribution for this species is the “ whole of Southern Africa, but
not so abundant within the boundaries of Cape Colony as beyond it ”.

I have seen no specimens nor certain records from the south-west
districts. It is known from Lesser Namaqualand, from the Richmond
district, and from Kingwilliamstown (Pym). The Albany Museum has
a specimen from Steytlerville.

Mabuia chimbana Boul. — A tropical species occurring in German East
Africa and in south Angola, where, according to Bocage it lives on the
high plateau and middle zones. I think this species does not occur in
South Africa, but I include it on the authority of Sclater’s list. According
to Tornier (Zool. Jahrb., 190i, p. 586) it is merely a form of M. striata.

Mabuia striata Pet. — A tropical species occurring in Angola and German
East Africa, whence it is diffused throughout South Africa, with the excep-
tion of the southern part of Cape Province. Dr. Jean Roux records it from
Lesser Namaqualand, and the Kimberley Museum has the species from
Belmont and from Kimberley. Smith’s specimens came from the north-
eastern districts of Cape Province.

Mabuia sulcata Pet. — This species is found on the high plateau and
middle zone of south Angola. Fischer records it from Great Namaqua-
land, and Boettger from Neu Barmen, Hereroiand, The South African
Museum has specimens from Lesser Namaqualand, from the Prince Albert
Division, the Cape Division, and from Matjesfontein, Cape Province. The
Albany Museum has it from Jansenville and from Victoria West (Mr.
P. D. Morris) ; Mr. Boulenger records it from the Richmond district, Cape
Colony, and in the British Museum Catalogue the Karroo is given as
locality. Bocage records it from Shoshong (Bechuanaland), and the
Kimberley Museum has the species from Kimberley.

Mabuia acuiilabris Pet. — This species occurs in the Congo and in Angola.
It extends into Damaraland and Lesser Namaqualand.

Lyc/osoma sundevalli Smith. — A tropical species, occurring in Zanzibar
and Uganda, and in Angola. According to Smith it occurs “ in the country
to the eastward of Cape Colony”. In the British Museum Catalogue it is
recorded from Natal and Mozambique. The Transvaal Museum has a
specimen from Bandolierkop (Zoutpansberg District), from Hectorspruit
(Barberton District), and I have taken it at Wonderboom, near Pretoria.
The South African Museum has a specimen from Salisbury (Mashonaland),
and Mr. Chubb records it from Bulawayo. We have it also from Windhoek
(German South-West Africa), the South African Museum has a specimen
from Damaraland, and the Albany Museum has the species from Serowe,
Bechuanaland.

Ablepharus wahlbcrgi Smith.— A tropical species occurring in East
Africa, Congo, and Angola. Bocage states that in Angola this specie^

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101

occurs on the high plateau, and does not descend to the coastal regions.
Smith recorded it from “ the country to the eastward of Cape Colony ”. It
is found in Zululand, Natal (Ladysmith and Durban), and in the Trans-
vaal (Pretoria, Johannesburg, Warmbaths, Louws Creek, and Waterval
Onder). I know of no records from any other part of South Africa.

Aconiias meleagris Linn. — A species of wide distribution in South Africa,
being recorded r from Damaraland, Little Namaqualand, Cape Province,
Transvaal, and Mashonaland. Boux records it also from Bikatla (Mozam-
bique). The Cape Province records include all the coastal districts, the
South African Museum having specimens from Umtata and Transkei, the
most easterly records for the Cape Province with which I am acquainted,
and in the same collections there are specimens from some of the interior
districts, viz., Bedford, Worcester, and Bobertson Divisions. The Trans-
vaal Museum has specimens from Ventersdorp (Potchefstroom District),
and from Irene (Pretoria District). The Albany Museum has this species
from Palapye Boad, Kalahari.

Aconiias plumbeus Bianc. — This species occurs in Mozambique, Zulu-
land, Transvaal, and probably eastern Cape Province. Boux records it
from Shilouvane (Zoutpansberg District), and we have specimens from
Hectorspruit, Barberton, and Louws Creek (Barberton District), and
from Mbabane (Swaziland). The South African Museum has an immature
specimen from East London, which I refer to this species. It appears
to be confined to the coastal and low veld districts.

Aconiias lineaius Pet. — This species is common in British Namaqua-
land and other western districts of Cape Province. Boux records it from
Matjesfontein (Worcester district), and the British Museum Catalogue
records a specimen from the Karroo. Of the eastern variety the Port
Elizabeth Museum has a specimen from Port Elizabeth, and the Albany
Museum has a number of specimens from the neighbourhood of Grahams-
town. According to Matschie the species occurs at Haenertsburg (Zout-
pansberg District), but this is the only Transvaal record known to me.
Boettger has recorded this species from Angra Pequena and Han tarn
(Great Namaqualand).

Scelotes capensis Smith. — The locality given by Smith is the western
coast of South Africa. Fischer records the species from Great Namaqua-
land.

Sceloies tridactylus Boul. — The locality of the original description is
simply Cape of Good Hope. The South African Museum has specimens
provisionally referred to this species from Bechuanaland, British Namaqua-
land, and Dunbrody (Uitenhage).

Scelotes caffer Pet. — Described from Kaffraria. Perhaps some or all
of the records ascribed to tridactylus more correctly belong to this species.
Smith says : Most parts of southern Africa; found under stones or in loose

soil near the roots of shrubs.”

Scelotes bipes Lin. — Becorded by Mr. Boulenger from the neighbour-
hood of Capetown. The South African Museum has specimens from the
Clanwilliam, Calvinia, and Cape Divisions, from Bobben and Dassen
Islands, and a colour variety from Delagoa Bay. The Natal Government

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Actuals of the Transvaal Museum.

Museum has this species from Indukuduku (Zululand). Bocage records
the species from Linokana (Marico District, Transvaal), but I suspect
this record to be incorrect.

Scelotes guentheri BouL— The locality of the type specimen is Port
Natal. The Natal Government Museum has the species from Ubombo
and Umfolosi (Zululand), and from Drakensberg (Natal), at an altitude
of 6000 feet.

Scelotes inornatus Smith. — According to the describer, arid situa-
tions in the interior of southern Africa The British Museum Catalogue
has a record from Port Natal, and the Natal Government Museum has the
species from Kosi Bay (Zululand).

Scelotes bicolor Smith. — The only specimen on record was taken by
the describer under a large stone on the side of a rocky ravine in Little
Namaqualand.

Herpetosaura mira Roux. — Collected by Dr. Breyer in the Transvaal
(Pretoria or Rustenburg District). (Zool. Jahrb., 1907, p. 435.)

Herpetosaura anguina Boul. — Described from the neighbourhood of
Port Elizabeth. The Transvaal Museum has specimens from Dunbrody
(Uitenhage), and there is a record from the Peddie coast in the South
African Museum.

Herpetosaura arenicola Pet. — Described from Mozambique. Boulenger
records it from Coguno (Portuguese East Africa), and from Delagoa Bay,
and the Natal Government Museum has a series of specimens from M’seleni
(Zululand).

Sepsina weberi Roux. — Described from Little Namaqualand (Stein-
kopf). (Zool. Jahrb., 1907, p. 437.)

Sepsina grammiea Cope. — The locality of the describer is indefinite :
south-west coast of Africa.

Typhlacontias gracilis Roux. — A species recently described from a
single specimen taken in the Zambezi District (Rev. Suisse de Zool., 1907,
p. 83).

Melanoseps ater Pet. — Recorded from the Zambezi River. It is known
also from German East Africa (Tornier.)

GERRHOSAURTD 4E.

Gerrhosaurus.

Thirty -two to thirty- four transverse series of scales dor sally.

Fourteen to twenty longitudinal series of scales dorsally ; ventrals in
ten longitudinal series ; tympanic shield narrow ; prefrontals forming a
long median suture.

(a) Fulvous-brown above. G. major A. Dum. (S. str.)

(b) Pale brown above, with black spots, which become confluent

posteriorly. Var. grandis Boul.

Over fifty transverse series of scales dorsally.

Twenty -eight to thirty longitudinal series of scales dorsally ; fourteen
to sixteen longitudinal series of scales ventrally ; dorsal shields three to

Antals of the Transvaal Museum.

103

five carinate ; tympanic shield large, crescentic, or triangular. Blackish-
brown above, each scale with a small yellow spot or short streak ; a yellowish
dorso-lateral band sometimes present. G. vdlidus Smith.

Twenty-two to twenty-four longitudinal series of scales dorsally ;
ten longitudinal series of scales ventrally ; dorsal scales unicarinate ;
fronto- nasal in contact with rostral and frontal ; tympanic shield large,
crescentic. Brownish above, with squarish light spots ; a light dark-

edged dorso-lateral streak. • G. typicus Smith.

Similar to typicus, but differing thus : only eight longitudinal series
of scales ventrally; fronto-nasal not meeting rostral nor the frontal; no
pale dorso-lateral streak. G. auritus Btgr.

Twenty to twenty-eight longitudinal series of scales dorsally ; ventrals
in eight longitudinal series. Tympanic shield narrow, usually band-like,
not much enlarged. Brown or olive above, with a pale dark-edged dorso-
lateral streak. G. flavigularis Wieg.

Tetradactylus.

Limbs short, but well developed and pendactyl ; ventrals in eight
longitudinal series ; nine to twelve femoral pores. Olive or reddish-brown
above, the sides usually darker. T. seps L.

Limbs very short, tetradactyl ; ventrals in six longitudinal series ;
four or five femoral pores. Olive above, with dark-brown longitudinal
streaks. T. tetradactylus Lacep.

Limbs anteriorly two -fingered and cfawed ; posteriorly undivided and
without claws ; ventrals in eight longitudinal series ; two femoral pores.
Brown above ; a thin dark line from the eye to the fore limb, and another
dark line starting from the shoulder and going the whole length of the body
and tail. T. breyeri Boux.

Limbs minute, undivided ; ventrals in six longitudinal series ;
two or three femoral pores. Olive above, with dark-brown longitudinal
lines. T. ajricanus Gray.

CoRDYLOSAURUS.

Dorsal scales three to five carinate, in fifteen longitudinal and fifty-
two to fifty-five transverse series ; ventrals in eight longitudinal series.
Pale-olive above, with three broad dark-brown longitudinal bands, which
include a white dorso-lateral band on each side. C. trivittatus Pet.

Similar, but the dorsal scales not distinctly keeled ; middle of the
back yellowish-brown, more laterally checkered white and blackish-brown,
the sides of the body dark-brown. C. subtessellatus Smith.

Notes on the Specific Characters of Certain Species.

Gerrhosaurus flavigularis Wieg. — In view of the great variability of
the principal character on which the distinction between the two species
was based, Tornier considers that G. flavigularis and G. nigiolineatus Hall
are the same. Our series of G. flavigularis shows much variation in the
relationship of the fronto-nasal to the neighbouring scutes ; it is always
shut off from the rostral, but it may form a broad or only a very narrow

104

Anjtals of the Transvaal Museum,

suture with the frontal ; or not infrequently the prefrontals may form a
broad median suture. The tympanic shield also shows considerable varia-
tion, and occasionally may be relatively broad, but I have not seen any
specimen where the breadth was as much as half the height. The colour
marking is fairly constant, but in the largest specimens the pale dorso-
lateral streak may be indistinct or absent. The breeding male has a bright
brick-red coloration on either side of the cheeks and neck, extending
along the lips and on to the mental scute.

Gerrhosaurus auritus Btgr. — I have not seen this species, but am
inclined to suspect its validity, for the author distinguished it from nigro-
lineatus by the following characters: In auritus the tympanic shield is
enlarged, being half as broad as high, which is not normally the case in
nigrolineatus ; in auritus there are eight temporal shields, whereas in
Congo specimens of nigrolineatus there are eleven temporal shields ; in
auritus the scales of the outermost row of belly shields are as broad as
those of the inner rows. Now the first-mentioned character is variable
in flavigularis, the tympanic shield sometimes becoming almost as broad
as is described for auritus ; the second character is of no value, for our
series of flavigularis shows variation from five to ten temporal scutes ;
the third character is also very variable in flavigularis, and although the
outermost ventral scales are generally narrower than those of the inner
series, this is less pronouncedly the case in larger specimens.

Gerrhosaurus validus Smith. — The degree of enlargement of the tym-
panic scale is highly variable, the free part sometimes forming an acute
angle, and at other times being obtuse or broadly rounded at the apex ;
in the young it is narrow and bandlike. The anterior nasals form only
a short median suture, and in one case (out of six) the fronto-nasal just
meets the rostral. The young have many pale spots dorsally, whilst
laterally there are a number of vertical pale streaks.

Genhosaurus major A. Dum. (synonym G. grandis Boul.) — The
species from Ubombo (Zululand), described as G. grandis Boul. (Annals
Natal Government Museum, Vol. 1, Part 3, 1908), occurs also in the Bar-
berton District. We have two specimens, one from Kaapmuiden and
the other from Malalane (W. Bolton). The description of the species,
based on a solitary specimen, agrees entirely with that of major (a Zanzibar
species), except as follows : Only fourteen longitudinal rows of scales

dorsally, and with a cylindrical tail (but in the figure which accompanies
the description sixteen longitudinal rows are represented, and apparently
also the tail is slightly compressed laterally in its posterior half), whereas
major is described as having eighteen or twenty rows of scales dorsally,
and the tail slightly compressed in the posterior half. There is also a
difference of coloration. Now our specimens, which agree precisely in
coloration and general habitus with the figure and description of grandis,
have the following characters : Eighteen longitudinal rows of scales dor-
sally in the larger specimen, and sixteen rows in the smaller specimen ;
in both specimens the tail is laterally compressed in the posterior half ;
in the younger specimen anteriorly also. It is evident therefore that our
Barberton specimens agree exactly with G. major in the structural

Annals , of _ the Transvaal Museum.

105

characters, differing only in respect to coloration, and accordingly I refer
these and the Ubombo specimen to that species, for the present distinguishing
the South African form under the varietal name grandis, as there appears
to be a definite colour difference.

Tetradactylus ajricanus Gray.- — In this species the anterior limbs are
very minute, sometimes indeed being altogether absent.

Tetradactylus breyeri Roux. — This is allied to T. africanus , but is
apparently distinct. The distinguishing characters in addition to those
given in the key are : Dorsals in twelve longitudinal and seventy trans-
verse rows, whereas T. ajricanus is described as having fourteen longi-
tudinal and sixty to sixty-two transverse rows.

Cordylosaurus trivittatus Pet. — In this species the degree of carination
of the dorsal scales varies, sometimes being very pronounced and at other
times not so.

Cordylosaurus subtesscllatus Smith. — The South African Museum has a
specimen without history which I refer to this species. In coloration it
is uniformly brown all over. It is probable that this species will eventually
prove to be a variety of C. trivittatus.

Distribution.

Gerrhosaurus validus Smith. — This species was recorded by the describer
from near the sources of the Orange River. We have it from Woodbush,
and Chubb records it from the Matoppo Hills and Empandeni in Rhodesia.
The British Museum Catalogue has a record from Tette (Mozambique),
and Bocage states that it occurs in south Angola.

Gerrhosaurus major Dum. — The typical form is known from Zanzibar
and German East Africa. The variety grandis Boul. was taken at Ubombo
(Zululand), and we have it from Kaapmuiden and Malalane, Barberton
District (W. Bolton).

Gerrhosaurus flavigularis Wieg. — A very widely distributed species,
being known from every part of South Africa with the exception of Great
Namaqualand, Little Namaqualand, and western Cape Province north of
the coastal districts. The South African Museum has specimens from
Rondebosch (Cape Division), Robertson, and Knysna ; and in the eastern
districts of Cape Province the species is abundant. Northwards the species
extends through Central and East Africa as far as Sennar, and westward
to Angola, the Congo, and Gaboon.

Gerrhosaurus ty ficus Smith. — Smith took his specimen on the sandy
plains immediately to the south of the mouth of the Orange River. Roux
also records the species from Little Namaqualand.

Gerrhosaurus auritus Boett. — Collected at Ondonga, in Ovampo-
land.

Tetradactylus breyeri Roux. — Collected by Dr. Breyer in the Transvaal.
I have seen a specimen of this species from Umvoti, Natal (South African
Museum), and the Transvaal Museum has it from Weenen County, Natal
(Rev. N. Roberts).

Tetradactylus seps L. — This species has been several times recorded
from Table Mountain and other localities in the Cape Division, and the

3

106

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

South African Museum has a specimen from Paarl ; Roux records it from
Knysna, and Smith stated that the species was “ common in the grassy
flats of the eastern districts of Cape Colony”, but I think that it does not
extend much beyond Knysna in an easterly direction, as the species has
not been taken by the museums of eastern Cape Province.

Tetradactylus tetradactylus Lacep. — The South African Museum has
records from the Cape Division, from Worcester, and from Robertson.
Bocage has recorded it from Linokana (Transvaal), but I believe this to
be an error (especially as he recorded Scelotes bipes , another Cape species,
from the same locality), as no other worker has recorded this species from
any other locality than south-west Cape Province.

Tetradactylus africanus Gray. — Bocage records this species from South
Angola ; the South African Museum has specimens from Namaqualand
and from Natal, and the Natal Government Museum has it from Melmoth
(Zululand).

Cordylosaurus trivittatus Pet. — The British Museum Catalogue cites
Benguela, Damaraland, and Great Namaqualand ; Bocage has it from
south Angola ; the South African Museum has specimens from Little
Namaqualand, Clanwilliam, and Calvinia.

Cordylosaurus subtessellatus Smith. — Taken by the describer in Great
Namaqualand.

LACERTIDAE.

Eremias.

VENTRALS IN SIX LONGITUDINAL SERIES ; TWO LARGE SUPRAOCULARS,
COMPLETELY SURROUNDED BY GRANULES.

Lower eyelid scaly ; occipital absent or minute ; a curved bandlike
scale on the supero-anterior border of the ear. Liver-brown above
(blackish in the young), with yellow spots and three longitudinal stripes,
sometimes broken up into spots, the median stripe bifurcating on the
nape. E. lugubris Smith.

VeNTRALS IN TEN TO SIXTEEN LONGITUDINAL SERIES ; SUPRAOCULARS
USUALLY IN CONTACT WITH THE FRONTAL.

Lower eyelid with two large transparent scales; distance between loreal
and first supraocular equal to or exceeding the length of the latter
shield.

Ventrals in ten longitudinal series ; dorsal scales smooth. Yellowish
above, with five longitudinal dark-brown bands, the outer passing through
the ear. E. undata Smith.

Ventrals in twelve or fourteen longitudinal series ; dorsal scales
keeled only on the hinder part of the body ; scales on upper surface of
tibia much larger than the dorsals ; distance of loreal from first supraocular
a little greater than length of the latter shield. Grey or brown above,
with black and white ocelli, and sometimes a dark dorso-lateral band.

E. pulchella Gray.

Distinct from pulchella in that the dorsal scales are keeled from between

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

107

the shoulders ; scales on upper surface of tibia scarcely larger than the
posterior dorsals ; distance of loreal from first supraocular usually much
greater than length of latter shield. Supraoculars sometimes bordered
entirely or nearly so with granules. Brownish above, often with four or
six (with commencement of a seventh as a median dorsal streak)
longitudinal blackish bands, each enclosing a series of pale spots; some-
times with irregularly arranged ocelli. E. lineocellata D.B.

Lower eyelid granular , or with a number of more or less transparent
scales.

(1) A curved bandlike scale on the supero-anterior border of the ear.

Ventrals in ten or twelve longitudinal series ; lower eyelid transparent,
with four or five plates of unequal size ; distance between loreal and first
supraocular equal to the length of the latter. Uniformly grey above,
with some pale spots on the sides of the body. E. inornata Roux.

Ventrals in twelve longitudinal series ; lower eyelid with a semi-
transparent disk, formed of several scales; distance between loreal and
first supraocular equal to or slightly less than the length of latter. Pale
buff above, with four white streaks enclosed by five longitudinal blackish
bands, the median one bifurcate on the nape ; sometimes a series of whitish
dots on the black bands. E. namaquensis D.B.

(2) No bandlike scale on the supero-anterior border of ear. Lower eyelid

entirely granular ; three large supraoculars ; ventrals in twelve longi-
tudinal series ; occipital scale usually absent. Grey, with small black
spots dorsally. E. suborbitalis Pet.

Lower eyelid with a semi-transparent disk formed of several small scales ;
ventrals in fourteen to sixteen longitudinal series ; two or three small
scales or granules between loreal and first supraocular ; nasals feebly
swollen; frontonasal separated from rostral; sixty-five to seventy-five
scales across the middle of the back. Grey or brown above, with small
or large black spots, sometimes forming three or four bands on the body,
five on the nape, the bands extending on the head shields ; round
light spots along the black bands or among the black spots.

E. burchelli D.B.

Differing from burchelli thus : four or five granules between the

loreal and the first supraocular ; fronto-nasal usually in contact with
rostral ; the nasals swollen ; about fifty to fifty-five scales across the
middle of the back. Coppery-brown above, with black reticulations
sometimes confined to the sides ; sometimes a light or dark vertebral
band bifurcating on the nape, and one or two light lateral bands ; occasion-
ally general colour is blackish, with pale bands and spots.

E. capensis Smith.

Nucras.

Adpressed limbs overlapping ; ventrals in twenty-seven to thirty-
three transverse series ; forty to sixty-two dorsal scales across the middle
of the body ; a few granules between the supraoculars and supraciliaries.
Upper parts brownish, with or without dark and light longitudinal lines ;
the sides usually dark-brown, with white vertical bars or pale round spots
arranged in longitudinal rows and occasionally forming continuous lines ;
lower surfaces white, immaculate. N. tessellata Smith.

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Adpressecl limbs separated or only just meeting (in young overlapping) ;
ventrals in thirty-three to thirty-seven transverse series ; thirty-five to
forty- three dorsal scales across the middle of the body ; often no granules
between the supraoculars and supraciliaries, but sometimes several. Grey
or brownish above, with large black spots, sometimes confluent into irregular
transverse bands on the back ; the black spots with round white ones in
the centre ; lips with vertical black bars ; lower surfaces white, usually
black-spotted in the adult. N. delalandi M. Edw.

Tropidosaura.

Dorsal scales large, imbricate, strongly keeled ; first supraocular
largest, separated from loreal by a very small shield ; nostril between
two or three nasals ; usually two superposed postnasals. Olive-brown
above, with two dark and two light longitudinal streaks on each side ;
a more or less distinct dark vertebral streak. T. montana Gray.

Ichnotropis.

Frontonasal longitudinally divided ; subocular not reaching the lip ;
occipital wanting or small ; forty-six to forty-eight scales round middle
of body. Copper-brown above, with two or three longitudinal series of
small black and white spots on each side ; the white spots sometimes
confluent into longitudinal streaks. I. squamulosa Pet.

Fronto-nasal single ; subocular bordering the lip ; an occipital present ;
thirty-five to forty scales round the middle of the body. Yellow or reddish-
brown above, with three longitudinal series of black spots on each side,
more or less confluent into longitudinal bands, separated by pale streaks ;
the lower black band extending along the upper lip, and the conspicuous
lateral pale streak passing through the ear. I. capensis Smith.

Differing from capensis in possessing longer limbs and shorter body,
the adpressed hind limb reaching between the eye and ear ; foot much
longer than the head. Pale grey-brown above, tinged with orange
laterally ; a black streak along each side, starting from tip of snout and
passing through the eye ; another black streak along the upper lip, reaching
only as far as the shoulder, and separated from the upper one by a white
streak. I. longipes Boul.

ScAPTEIRA.

(A) Snout conical ; ventral plates of body arranged in straight longi-
tudinal series.

(1) A bandlike supratemporal shield ; lower nasal forming a suture with
the rostral. Fronto-nasal (sometimes two) separated from rostral by the
nasals; forty-two to sixty scales across middle of body dorsally; dorsal
scales keeled in front, and posteriorly strongly so.

Yellowish -brown or olive above, with longitudinal series of whitish
black-edged ocelli or black spots, usually confluent into four longitudinal
bands ; young with light and dark bands, the vertebral light band bifur-
cating on the nape ; a series of round light spots along the dark bands.

S. knoxi M. Ed.

Fronto-nasal in contact with rostral ; dorsal scales smooth, granular,
obtusely keeled posteriorly, seventy to seventy-five across the body

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

109

dorsally. Young are dark-brown, with five wide longitudinal white bands,
the median bifurcating on the nape ; adults with four longitudinal series
of irregular black spots or reticulations, sometimes confluent into irregular
bands, or indistinctly marked as in the young. S. depressa Merr.

(2) Lower nasal separated from the rostral ; no bandlike supratemporal
shield. Fronto-nasal separated from the rostral ; three large supra-

oculars ; dorsal scales smooth between the shoulders, but obtusely keeled
on the back ; digits keeled inferiorly and strongly fringed laterally.
Sandy-grey above, with blackish reticulations. S. serripes Pet.

(B) Snout wedge-shaped ; ventral plates forming oblique longitudinal
series ; lower nasal forming a suture with the rostral.

Fronto-nasal not meeting the rostral; a lateral series of enlarged
keeled scales on posterior part of the back forming a narrow band. Brown
or orange above, a light dorso-lateral line and a broad dark-brown or red
lateral band ; the sides and limbs with white spots.

S. ctenodactyla Smith.

Fronto-nasal forming a suture with the rostral; no lateral series of
enlarged scales. Grey or sand-coloured above, with darker network
enclosing round lighter spots. S. cuneirostris Strauch.

Notes on certain Species.

Eremias namaquensis and inornata. — The South African Museum has
specimens from Steinkopf and Naroep which agree with the description
of inornata (Zool. Jahrb., 1907, 427). It is closely allied to namaquensis
and may be only a variety of that species.

A point of distinction between the two species, according to the
description, is furnished by the number of ventral scales in a transverse
row, but out of three specimens of inornata two had ten ventral scales
and one specimen had twelve, whilst on the other hand, though nama-
quensis has usually twelve, occasionally specimens appear which have
only ten, though in other respects they are perfectly typical. However,
in the series which I examined, the following differences obtained : in
inornata the. eye scales are of large size, fewer in number, and more trans-
parent than in namaquensis, where these scales can be described as only
semi-transparent ; the scales on the tibia are larger and more strongly
keeled than in namaquensis ; the first supraocular is relatively longer in
namaquensis.

The specimens of namaquensis are very constant in coloration ; I
have only seen one variation, and this had only one pair of dark streaks
dorsally.

Eremias pulchella and E. lineocellata. — It is often a matter of no small
difficulty to decide between these closely allied species when the material
comes from a locality remote from the home of the typical form. In
typical specimens of pulchella, as found in Little Namaqualand, the scales
on the anterior half of the dorsal surface show no trace of keeling, and
posteriorly they are only obtusely keeled. The colour marking is either
a black dorso-lateral band or four rows of ocelli or small spots dorsally.
In other parts of Cape Province the dorsal scales of pulchella may be much
more pronouncedly keeled, and in a Tulbagh Road specimen (South African

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Museum), which I refer to this species, the dorsal scales are obtusely keeled
almost up to the shoulders.

On the other hand lineocellata, especially in southern localities, may
vary in the direction of pulchella. But again, I have seen one specimen of
Eremias, probably referable to lineocellata — identity not quite certain, as
the head was badly damaged — which had all the dorsal scales strongly
keeled, commencing from the hinder part of the head. This specimen
came from Mochudi (Miss Wilman). Besides the above-mentioned
character, the proportions of the supraoculars provide a good but not
absolute method of distinguishing the two species. To the specific dis-
tinctions cited in the key may be added : anterior supraocular longer
than, equal to, or more than half the length of the second supraocular in
E. pulchella , but not much more than half the length of the second supra-
ocular, or at any rate not equalling the second in E. lineocellata. But
very rarely there appears a specimen of pulchella where the supraoculars
are entirely surrounded by granules, and I have seen an example of this
species which had the first supraocular only about half the length of the
second. In E. lineocellata there is much variation in the number and
size of the granules between the anterior supraocular and the loreal.

Eremias burchelli and E. capensis. — These closely related species are
easily distinguished by the character of the granules between the loreal
and the first supraocular, and I believe by the number of scales in a
transverse line dorsallv ; in E. capensis the fronto-nasal usually forms a
suture with the rostral, but occasionally these two scutes are just separated.
One specimen of E. burchelli has four white lines dorsally, the two median
ones not fusing ; another specimen also in the South African Museum
has black reticulations, almost confluent into broad dorsal bands. In the
collection of the Albany Museum there are three immature specimens
of an Eremias which should probably be referred to burchelli. They agree
together in many essential respects, and were taken by the same collector
(B. J. Glanville), so that I believe they belong to one and the same species.
Nevertheless, they exhibit certain differences which, if constant in a series
of adult specimens, would be regarded as of specific importance. In one
case the fronto-nasal meets the rostral, and the prefrontals form a median
suture ; in another case the rostral and fronto-nasal do not meet, and the
prefrontals are separated by an azygos scale, and in the third case the
fronto-nasal is cut off from the rostral, but forms a suture with the frontal.
In the* first case the condition of the scales between the loreal and the
first supraocular is much as in burchelli, in the second case it more closely
resembles capensis, and in the third case there is what might be described
as an intermediate condition. The number of scales across the body
dorsally is sixty to sixty-three, whereas according to the descriptions in
the British Museum Catalogue burchelli has seventy to seventy-five and
capensis has fifty to fifty-five. However, in a typical specimen of burchelli
from Graaff-Reinet (Port Elizabeth Museum) there were sixty-five scales
across the dorsal surface of the body. In the largest of the three specimens
above mentioned the body is elongated, and the adpressed hind limb does
not reach quite as far as the shoulder. The colour markings vary, and
the only feature common to all three is a well-defined pale lateral streak,

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

Ill

commencing on the upper lip and passing through the ear. The Albany
Museum has five specimens of E. capensis from Victoria West, presented by
Mr. P. D. Morris. One of them has the supraoculars completely separated
from the frontal by granules, and this specimen, which is of large size, has
57 scales across the body dorsally ; the others have the dorsal scales varying
in number from 52 to 54, and the supraoculars are in contact with the
frontal. The colour characters of this series are : One large individual is
light brown above with indefinite darker reticulations ; the aberrant speci-
men first mentioned is brown with more pronounced dark reticulations, and
has a median pale streak bifurcating at a little distance behind the shoulder,
another thinner pale streak somewhat broken on the body starts from below
the eye and goes to the tail, and a whitish band, starting from the upper
lip, passes across the ear and ends at the base of the hind limb ; the three
half-grown specimens are blackish above with pale spots and whitish streaks,
two of them being striped very much as in the last-mentioned individual,
though in one case the lower lateral band is not marked out, whilst in the
third example, instead of the bifurcating median band, there are two pale
bands which converge a little posteriorly but do not fuse, and the lower
lateral band is absent ; in each of the four striped individuals there is a
short anterior median pale streak starting from the occiput and ending in
front of the bifurcation of the larger median band (just behind the
shoulder in the aberrant half-grown specimen).

Nucras— The two species of this genus are easily distinguishable
in full-grown specimens by means of the relative proportions of body and
limbs ; in tessellata the body is relatively shorter, and the limbs, especially
the posterior pair, longer than in delalandi ; moreover, the characteristic
colour markings of the two species are fairly constant. In young and
half-grown specimens the determinations of the species may be a matter
of some difficulty, for the body and limb proportions are more nearly
alike, and the other structural characters may be of an intermediate nature,
so that eventually the decision has to be based largely on the colour
marking. In the specimens I have examined the scales of a transverse
dorsal line were in tessellata usually more than fifty, but I have seen speci-
mens with only forty-four, and the British Museum Catalogue cites forty
to forty-eight. In delalandi they were usually from thirty-six to thirty-
nine, but several specimens had as many as forty-three or even forty-four.
As regards the character of the granules between the supraoculars and
supraciliaries, they appear to be always present in tessellata, and in
delalandi they are often absent, but not infrequently individuals appear
which in other respects are typically delalandi, but are precisely like
tessellata in respect to this character. The colour marking of tessellata
is fairly constant, even in the young or half-grown specimens, but I am
inclined to believe that this species may rarely be ocellated, somewhat as
in delalandi, but this is on the evidence of a single specimen, which I refer
with some slight doubt to this species. The specimen in question is one
of two individuals which were collected by Mr. F. A. Pym, at Modder
River, near Kimberley. One of these is tessellata of normal appearance,
but the other has moderate-sized black spots — not ocelli — dorsally, arranged
much as in delalandi. This latter specimen has thirty- two transverse

112

Antals of the Teansvaal Museum.

rows of ventrals, and it agrees with the other specimen in having forty-
four scales across the body dorsally, and there is a row of granules between
the supraoculars and supraciliaries. The adpressed limbs just meet, and
the hind limbs are large and long ; the fourth supraocular is broken up into
granules, which sometimes occurs in tessellata, but I have not met with it
in delalandi, and there is an indication of the commencement of the same
process in the other specimen ; on the other hand it is in general habit
somewhat different from the other specimen, and from ordinary tessellata,
being appreciably stouter in head and body.

Miss Wilman has taken several specimens of tessellata in the Kim-
berley neighbourhood. They are normal in colour marking, and the dorsal
scales number forty-six and forty-nine respectively. Another very doubtful
specimen of this genus came from Shilouwane (Zoutpansberg District).
In general build it resembles delalandi, but differs in that the body is
relatively shorter, so that the limbs just overlap. In colour it shows a
resemblance to delalandi, but nevertheless it is quite distinct from the
normal forms of that species ; it is ocellated dorsally, the ocelli having
white centre and black margins, but they are arranged, though not very
definitely, in longitudinal lines, the ocelli themselves being longitudinally
elongated anteriorly. There is a thin pale black-margined mid-dorsal
line, interrupted in places, and the belly is uniformly white. There are
only thirty-one transverse rows of ventrals, and there are forty-four scales
across the middle of the back, whereas four specimens, of same size, and
coming from adjacent localities in the Zoutpansberg District (viz., Haenerts-
burg and Great Letaba River), are typically delalandi, and have the ventral
rows varying in number from thirty- three to thirty-five, ard the scales of a
transverse row dorsally, ranging from thirty-seven to forty. The tail is thick
as in delalandi, but the foot is elongated, much as in tessellata, and there is a
couple of granules between the supraoculars and supraciliaries. On the
whole I think this should be regarded as an immature form of delalandi,
a conclusion which is based upon the general habitus of the specimen.

A juvenile specimen of a Nucras from Grahams town presents an un-
usual type of colour marking ; the dorsal surface is blackish, with eight
(parts of ten) thin yellow longitudinal lines, and there are no spots or
transverse markings at the sides. There are thirty transverse rows of
scales ventrally, and forty-three scales in a transverse row dorsally. There
is on each side a row of four granules between the supraoculars and the
supraciliaries. The adpressed limbs overlap, but not greatly so. This
specimen I refer to tessellata.

It is evident from the above that the two species are very closely
related, and in some cases the distinctive characters do not appear until
the individual is fully adult.

Ichnotropis capensis Smith.— This lizard is common on the veld in
the Pretoria neighbourhood. It exhibits a very considerable seasonable
variation in colour, the sombre attire of the winter season being in marked
contrast to the brilliant hues of breeding specimens. The life colours
of a breeding pair, taken on 14th October, 1909, are as follows : The male
reddish-brown above ; a series of ill-defined and almost confluent black
spots dorso-laterally ; more laterally a broad black band, starting from

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113

the end of the snout and passing through the eye above the ear and going
down the tail ; more ventrally another prominent black band, arising
from the tip of the snout and passing along the upper lip, and to the
shoulder, whence the band is continued along the flanks to the thighs as
a brilliant vermillion - red streak ; these three bands enclose two pale
streaks, the more dorsal one being white, and the lower one bright yellow
in the head and neck region ; ventrally white, except in the lower lip,
gular region, and neck, where there is a decided yellow tinge. The female
is similar, but not so brightly coloured, the yellow colour being absent,
and the black and red bands less brilliant than in the male. Apart from
the colour the sexes can be distinguished by the fact that the base of the
tail is swollen in the male, and the preanal scutes are fewer but much
lamer than those of the female.

O

Distribution of the Species.

Eremias undata Smith. — This species was recorded by Smith from
the arid sandy flats between Capetown and Little Namaqualand. Boulenger
records it from the Richmond District of Cape Colony, and Fischer from
Great Namaqualand.

Eremias inornata Roux. — The locality of the discoverer is Orange
River, Lesser Namaqualand, and the South African Museum has specimens
from Steinkopf and Naroep.

Eremias lugubris Smith. — According to Smith this occurs “ in the arid
districts immediately beyond the northern boundary of Cape Colony”.
It occurs in the Kalahari, Hereroland, and, according to Bocage, in south
Angola. Tornier records it with a query from German East Africa. The
Albany Museum has specimens from Palapye Road. In South Africa
this species appears to be confined to the western parts.

Eremias suborbitalis Pet. — This was described fom Damaraland and
Great Namaqualand, and recently Roux records it from Lesser Namaqua-
land and from Matjesfontein (Cape Province.)

Eremias namaquensis D.B. — Described from Great Namaqualand, and
since recorded from south Angola, from Lesser Namaqualand, from
Modder River (Bocage), from Beaufort West (South African Museum),
and from Kaffraria (British Museum Catalogue).

Eremias pulchella Gray. — Recorded by Boettger from Damaraland and
Great Namaqualand, by Smith from the west coast of Cape Province near
the Orange River, and known from Lesser Namaqualand, the Karroo,
and Richmond district of Cape Province.

The South African Museum has specimens from Clanwilliam Division,
from Paarl, Tulbagh, Ceres, Matjesfontein, Prince Albert Division,
Middelburg, and Aliwal North. The Kimberley Museum has this species
from Victoria West, and the Albanj^ Museum has it from Colesberg.

Eremias lineocellata D.B. — We have specimens of this species from
the following localities in the Transvaal : Pretoria, Irene, Pietersburg,
and Krabbefontein (Zoutpansberg District), and it is recorded b}^ Boettger
from the Middelburg District. The South African Museum has a specimen
from Natal, but the species probably has a very limited distribution in

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Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

that Province, as this is the only known record. Miss Wilman has taken
this species in the Kimberley neighbourhood and at Mochudi, and we
have a specimen from Hanover (Cape Province). Also we have this species
from Brandfort (Orange Free State) (A. K. Haagner), the only known
record from that Province.

Eremias burchelli D.B. — The locality given by Smith is Karroo Flats,
on the south-west coast of Africa, particularly Little Namaqualand,
towards Orange River. Roux records it from Matjesfontein, the South
African Museum has specimens from Clanwilliam and the Middelburg
districts, the Port Elizabeth Museum has a record from Graaff-Reinet,
the British Museum Catalogue cites Kaffraria, and Bocage records it from
Modder River.

Eremias capensis Smith. — Smith’s record was : “ arid Karroo flats
within Cape Colony, and of districts immediately beyond”. Fischer states
Great Namaqualand, Roux records it from Lesser Namaqualand, the
South African Museum has a specimen from Matjesfontein, the Port
Elizabeth Museum has it from Graaff-Reinet, and Miss Wilman has it
from Victoria West.

Nueras iessellata Smith. — Of wide distribution in tropical and South
Africa, being recorded by Bocage from the high plateau and intermediary
zone of south Angola, by Boulenger from the south coast of Lake Victoria
Nyanza, by Tornier from German East Africa, and by Peters from Mozam-
bique. It extends southwards through Namaqualand, Rhodesia, Trans-
vaal, Orange Free State, Zululand, and Natal, into Cape Province, but
appears to be absent from the southern coastal districts.

According to Smith it is to be found throughout the districts on the
western coast of South Africa, particularly Little Namaqualand. Boulenger
records it from the Richmond district, the South African Museum has
specimens from the Clanwilliam, Calvinia, Worcester, and Robertson
districts, the Albany Museum has it from the Grahamstown neighbour-
hood and from Victoria West (P. D. Morris), and the Port Elizabeth
Museum from GraafT-Reinefc.

Nueras dclalandi M. Edw. — This species is common in the eastern
coastal districts of Cape Province, Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage, East London,
Grahams town, and Kingwilliamstown. It occurs also in Pondoland,
Natal, Zululand, and the Transvaal. There are no records from the
south-western districts of Cape Province, nor from the interior districts,
excepting Burghersdorp (South African Museum). In the British Museum
Catalogue there is a record from Damaraland, but this is the only record
from that district known to me. There are no records of this species
north of the Limpopo, with the exception of one from Kakoma (German
East Africa) (Tornier), but as the solitary specimen on which the record
was based is juvenile it may perhaps belong to the other species.

Tropidosaura montana Gray. — The distribution cited by Smith is
“ eastern Cape Colony and Kaffraria ”. We have the species from Table
Mountain (Mr. L. Taylor), and Mr. Pym has taken it in Pirie Forest, King-
williamstown.

Ichnotropis capensis Smith. — Recorded from north and south Angola,
common in the Kalahari Desert and in certain districts of the Transvaal

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

115

(Pretoria, Zoutpansberg, and Rustenburg Districts), and recorded from
M’seleni (Zululand). The South African Museum has a specimen from
Delagoa Bay and one from the Matoppo Hills (Southern Rhodesia). The
Kimberley Museum has it from Mochudi, where also occurs 1. squamulosa.

Ichnotropis longipes Boul. — The species was described from a Mashona-
land specimen (P.Z.S., 1902, 2, 17). Mr. Chubb’s records from Bulawayo
and Khami River are based on incorrect identifications.

Ichnotropis squamulosa Pet. — This is an East African species, being
recorded from German East Africa and from Nyassaland. It is known
from several localities in Rhodesia (Hunyain River and Southern Rhodesia),
from the Zoutpansberg, Barberton, and Rustenburg Districts of the Trans-
vaal, and we have it also from Schweizer Reneke (Bloemhof District).
The South African Museum has a specimen from Delagoa Bay, and the
Natal Government Museum records it from Kosi Bay (Zululand). Boettger
records it from Rehoboth (German South-West Africa), Smith took it in
the Kalahari Desert, and Miss Wilman has the species from Mochudi.

Scapteira knoxi, M. Edw — According to Smith this inhabits c arid
Karroo country within the boundaries of Cape Colony ”. It has been several
times recorded from British Namaqualand. Roux has it from Matjes-
fontein, and the South African Museum has specimens from the Cape
Flats, Calvinia, Clanwilliam, Hanover, and Middelburg Divisions of Cape
Province. The British Museum Catalogue cites also Johanna, one of the
Comoro Islands.

Scapteira depressa Merr. — Recorded from several localities (Angra
Pequena, Aus), in Great Namaqualand, and the South African Museum
has specimens from Port Nolloth and Steinkopf in Lesser Namaqualand.

Scapteira serripes Pet. — Recorded from Damaraland and Benguella.
The South African Museum has specimens from Lesser Namaqualand.

Scapteira ctenodjactyla Smith. — This species is known from Great
Namaqualand, Little Namaqualand, and Beaufort West.

Scapteira cuneirostris Strauch. — Only known from Damaraland.

116

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

ON THE ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA COLLECTED BY
MR. A. J. T. JANSE, NORMAL COLLEGE,
PRETORIA, IN THE TRANSVAAL.

By P. Cameron.

In this paper I have, with the exception of a few critical species left over
for further examination, enumerated and described the Aculeate Hymen-
optera collected by Mr. A. J. T. Janse, chiefly in the neighbourhood of
Pretoria (Transvaal). The number of new species is large, a fact not to
be wondered at considering how little we know about the hymenoptera,
as a whole, of Cape Province and of the Transvaal. As it is, the collection
does not contain many species already recorded from the Transvaal. Thus,
for example, Col. C. T. Bingham, in his paper in the Annals and Magazine
of Natural History, September, 1902, pp. 210, 211, records six species of
Bembex from the Transvaal, besides two from Nyassaland, while Mr.
Janse has only captured three species. There are also numerous widely
distributed species enumerated by Col. Bingham which have not yet been
taken by Mr. Janse. Nevertheless, Mr. Janse’s collection, comparatively
small though it is, forms a very valuable and welcome addition to our
knowledge of the South African hymenopterous fauna.

In recording the known species I have, to save space, given only the
reference to the original description, and to the works or papers wherein
their African distribution is given.

TIPHIIDAE.

Tiphia Fab.

Tiphia tmnsvaalensis , sp. n.

Black mandibles ; the apex of antennal scape, the flagellum, except
above towards the apex, the tegulae, apex of femora narrowly, and the
tibiae and tarsi rufous, the apex of the coxae and trochanters more or less
rufous ; wings hyaline, very iridescent ; the stigma and nervus black,
the stigma of a deeper black than the nervures. Head, antennal scape,
body, and legs covered with stiff long white hairs. Metanotum with
three keels, the outer slightly converging towards the apex, finely,
closely shagreened. Female.

Length, 7 mm.

Vertex sparsely, irregularly, the front closely and more strongly
punctured. Face and clypeus above shagreened, the apex of the latter
smooth. Basal slope of pronotum shagreened, the rest with scattered
punctures, especially in the middle. The mesonotum and scutellum are
more strongly punctured. The post-scutellum bears smaller scattered
punctures. Mesopleura with widely scattered punctures, except the
apex, which is finely, closely punctured. Propleurae impunctate, smooth,
and shining. Metapleurae closely, obliquely striated. Abdomen finely
punctured, the punctures becoming closer and stronger towards the-
apex ; the apical half of the last segment piceous and smooth.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

117

MYZIINIDAE

Myzxne Latr. non Auct. — Meira Auct.

Myzine (Meira) immaculatus, sp. n.

Black ; the mandibles, except at the apex, labrum, antennal scape,
tegulae, and legs rufo-testaceous, the basal three or four joints of the
antennae of a darker rufous colour ; the coxae black, except at the apex ;
wings fuscous- violaceous, the posterior pair paler, especially at the base.
The antennal scape, occiput, apex of pronotum covered with short, the
pleurae with longer rufo-fulvous hair ; the apices of the ventral abdominal
segments fringed with similar hair. Head smooth and shining, except the
clypeus, which is opaque and closely, rugosely punctured. Pronotum
closely, irregularly punctured. Mesonotum and scutellums smooth and
shining. Metanotum closely, rugosely punctured, a furrow — smooth, deep,
gradually narrowed towards the apex — down the middle of the basal half.
Pro- and mesopleurae strongly, but not closely punctured, the hairs
springing from the punctures. Abdomen finely, sparsely punctured, and
with a transverse band of punctures across the apex ; the last segment is
aciculated and obscurely rufous or piceous towards the apex. Female.

Length, 13 mm.

Myzine (Meira) erythrostomus, sp. n.

Black, smooth, and shining. The head red, the tarsi of a darker
red ; an irregular transverse oval white mark on the sides of the second,
third, fourth, and fifth abdominal segments, the marks becoming succes-
sively smaller ; wings fuscous- violaceous, the posterior paler than the
anterior ; the nervures and stigma black ; the pedicle of the second cubital
cellule a little longer than the transverse cubital nervures, which are
roundly curved ; the recurrent nervure is interstitial ; the antennal scape
and base of pronotum covered thickly with longish fuscous hair ; the
pleurae, base of abdomen, its ventral surface more sparsely, and the legs
thickly with white hair ; mesopleurae closely, strongly punctured ; the
apex of metapleurae irregularly striated. The sides and apex of the
metanotum somewhat strongly, broadly striated, the striae more or less
curved ; the smooth central basal part distinctly furrowed down the
centre. Female.

Length, 16 mm.

Waterval No. 211, Zoutpansberg. November.

Mandibles and palpi black. Mesonotal furrows deep, converging
slightly at the apex ; the space between them, except in the centre at the
base, punctured, the punctures large and clearly separated. Eyes slightly
converging above ; the hinder ocelli separated from each other by one-
third the distance they are from the eyes. Scutellum strongly punctured,
the apex smooth. Base of mandibles strongly, closely punctured ; there
is a wide furrow in front, near the middle. Calcaria pale, the tarsal spines
pale rufous. Pedicle of basal abdominal segment twice longer than wide.
Scutellum as long as the mesonotum, longer than it is wide at the base.
The middle dorsal abdominal segments are tinged with piceous red. The

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radius at its junction with the cubitus curves inwardly ; the cubitus
projects beyond it ; the second recurrent nervure is obliquely sloped
towards the stigma from below the middle ; below the middle it is roundly
curved ; it is received at the base of the apical third.

Allied to M. violaceipennis Cam.* ; in that species the mesonotai
furrows commence near the base, the hair is black, as is also the oral
region, and there is no white mark on the fifth abdominal segment.

Plesia Jur.

Plesia reticulata Cam.

Records Albany Museum, i, 300.

Waterval No. 211, Zoutpansberg. December.

Plesia pacificatrix, sp. n.

Black ; the head and thorax densely covered with longish white
pubescence, the abdomen with the white pubescence shorter and sparser,
shorter and denser on the back in the centre ; clypeus, mandibles except
at the apex, a longish line, narrowed inwardly, on the sides of the pro-
notum, a narrower, continuous line of equal width on the apex, tegulae,
an irregular, longish, triangular mark on the base of the mesopleurae,
the narrow end above, the base straight, the apex irregular, with two
slight rounded projections above the middle, the lower part straight ;
lines, dilated laterally towards the base, on the basal six abdominal seg-
ments, a broad curved line, rounded above on the sides of the seventh,
nearer the apex than the base, and lines, dilated laterally, on the second
to sixth, the central part of the first line narrow, the lateral dilatation
triangular, straight, longitudinal on the inner side, the lines on the inner
side roundly narrowed from the outer side towards the centre, and two
small spots on the centre of the seventh, bright yellow ; legs bright yellow ;
the coxae, trochanters, the basal half of the four front femora above, and
the hinder more narrowly all round, and a line on the inner side of the tibiae,
bJack ; wings hyaline ; the stigma rufo- testaceous ; the nervures black ;
the third and fourth abscissae of radius equal in length ; the recurrent
nervures received at the same distance from the transverse cubital, the
second recurrent roundly curved outwardly in the middle ; the transverse
cubital nervure in hind wings sharply, angularly broken above the
middle. Male.

Length, 14 mm.

Waterval No. 211, Zoutpansberg. November.

Head and thorax closely, strongly punctured, densely covered with
white pubescence ; the mesonotum less and the metanotum more closely
punctured than the head ; clypeus with the apex broadly rounded ; base
of abdomen smooth, the rest punctured, the puncturation becoming
gradually stronger towards the apical segment, which has the incision
large, about one quarter longer than it is wide at the apex. The ventral
segments are strongly punctured, the basal more closely, less strongly,
and more regularly than the others.

Records Albany Museum, i, 301.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

119

Plesia transvaalensis, sp. n.

Black ; the head and thorax densely covered with long white hair?
mandibles except at apex, a small spot between the antennae, clypeus,
a line on the base of the pronotnm narrowed in the middle, a broader one
of equal width on its apex, lines, dilated laterally, on the apices of the basal
six segments, that on the second slightly, irregularly dilated in the middle,
a line on the seventh, projecting at the apex along the incision, and with
a small projection on the inner side in the middle, between the lateral lines,
which are roundly curved and end in a sharp point at the base, the apex
being broadly, roundly narrowed ; the yellow lines on the apices of the
second to fifth ventral segments are broadly dilated laterally, that on the
sixth is of almost equal width ; there are two small spots on the seventh,
all bright yellow ; legs bright yellow ; the coxae, trochanters, the four
anterior femora, with almost the basal half above, the hinder less broadly
all round, black ; and there is a black line on the outer side of the four
hind tibiae ; wings clear hyaline, the stigma testaceous ; the nervures
black ; the second abscissa of the radius is slightly longer than the third ;
the second transverse cubital is roundly curved posteriorly towards the
second recurrent nervure, which has the anterior two-thirds and the
posterior third slightly, obliquely sloped towards the apex of the wing ;
it is received at a distinctly less distance from the transverse cubital than
is the first ; the second recurrent curves obliquely outwardly to below the
middle, where it is roundly curved ; the lower part is sharply, obliquely
sloped. The transverse median nervure in the hind Swings is broken shortly
above the middle, the lower and larger part is roundly, obliquely sloped.
Male.

Clypeus strongly punctured, the punctures clearly separated, the
apex with a shallow incision ; front and vertex closely punctured, smooth
at the sides of the ocelli ; thorax closely, distinctly punctured ; the meta-
no turn more sparsely at the base, and more finely and closely at the apex ;
abdomen finely and closely punctured, the last stronger than the others,
its incision large, about one-half longer than wide.

SCOLIIDAE.

Discolia Saus.

Discolia heterotrichia , sp. n.

Black ; the hair on the head fuscous, on the top of the thorax of a
darker fuscous colour ; on the rest of the thorax, basal two dorsal abdom-
inal segments, the apical in the centre, and on the basal ventral, black ;
on the sides of the third, fourth, and fifth dorsal, and narrower continuous
bands on the whole of the first to fourth ventral, white ; wings bluish-
violaceous ; the lower part of the apical cubital, the discoidal, anal, and
the apex of the hind wings, hyaline. There is a reddish spot in the inner
side of the eye incision, and the pygidium is red. Male.

Length, 19 mm.

Kietfontein No. 24, Pretoria District. December.

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Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

Head and thorax finely, closely punctured ; the abdomen almost as
strongly, but not so closely punctured ; the apex of the scutellum is
smooth. This species is very like D. alaris Saus. The two may be
separated thus : —

The hair on the head and top of thorax fuscous, on the sides of the apical four abdominal
segments white ; a reddish spot on the eye incision ; pygidium red Heterotrichia.

The hair entirely black, eye incision immaculate, pygidium black. Alaris Saus.

Discolia alaris Saus.

Bingham, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1902, 344 ; Cam., Sjostedfis
Kilimand. Exped., Hym., 227.

Zoutpansberg District.

Discolia melanaria Burm.

Bingham, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1902, 344.

Discolia ruficornis, var. melanaria Gribodo.

Mem. Accad. Sci. Bolong. (3), IV, 47.

Waterval No. 211, Zoutpansberg. November. Zusterstroom. February.

Discolia pallidipilo sella, sp. n.

Black ; the head, body, and legs densely covered with white
pubescence ; the third and following joints of the antennae red ; the
eye incision almost entirely, the mark prolonged shortly above and longer
below along the outer edges, the mandibles broadly in the middle, and a
narrow line on the outer orbits, yellowish-orange ; wings fuscous viola-
ceous. Male.

Length, 9-12 mm.

Waterval No. 211, Zoutpansberg. January. Beyns. January.

Upper part of the head sparsely, weakly punctured, the clypeus
sparsely and much more strongly punctured. Pro- and mesonotum and
the scutellum rather strongly and closely punctured, but with the punctures
clearly separated ; the centre of the scutellums narrowly smooth ; the
metanotum more closely and less strongly punctured, more sparsely at
the central furrows. The calcaria are blackish, the tarsal spines white.

Looks like a small form of D. ruficornis F., but may be readily known
by the hair being white instead of black.

Discolia ruficornis F.

Bingham, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1902, 344 ; Gerstacker, V. d.
Decken’s Beise in Ost. Afr., 344.

Spits. February. Pretoria. January.

Discolia erythropyga Burm.

Bingham, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1902, 344.

Waterval No. 211, Zoutpansberg. November. Kranspoort. November.

Dielis Saus.

Dielis thoracica F., var. aureicollis Lep.

Waterstr. November.

Annals of the Tkansvaal Museum.

121

Dielis capensis Saus.

Pretoria. July.

Dielis transvaalensis , sp. n.

Black ; the front, occiput, and the prothorax above densely covered
with longish red hair ; the rest of the thorax and the apices of the basal
four abdominal segments covered with clear white hair, as are also the apices
of the second, third, and fourth ventral segments ; wings clear hyaline to
the first transverse radial nervure, fuscous-violaceous beyond, the cloud
roundly narrowed at the base ; there is a cloud in the posterior wings
which commences opposite the base of that in the anterior pair. Legs
thickly covered with long white hair ; the calcaria white. Female.

Length, 16 mm.

Pretoria. January.

Head with a few scattered punctures at the ocelli and at the end of
the vertex. Pronotum smooth ; the mesonotum strongly punctured ; a
line of punctures on the base of the scutellum, and a larger, wider one on
the sides of the apex ; the middle of the post-scutellum is smooth, the
sides at the base punctured, and there is a line of punctures at the apex.
Metanotum more closely, but not so strongly punctured as the mesonotum.
Abdomen smooth, shining, and with a violaceous tinge ; before the apex
of the segments is a transverse line of punctures, each bearing a white hair ;
the last segment is strongly, closely, longitudinally punctured.

POMPILIDAE.

S alius Fab.

Salius lineaticollis , sp. n.

Black ; the antennae, head, mandibles, palpi, the prothorax, except
a black line down the centre of the pronotum, a broader one across its
base and a still broader and more irregular one across the base of the
prosternum, the mesopleurae, except round the edges, a small curved
line in the centre of the metapleurae at the apex, the fifth and following
segments of the abdomen, and the legs, yellowish-testaceous ; wings deep
fuscous-violaceous ; the nervures black ; the third abscissa of radius as
long as the basal two united ; the second recurrent nervure received shortly
before the middle, roundly curved outwardly in the middle. Claws with
two teeth. An irregular black line across the vertex, enclosing the ocelli
and united to the eyes. Female.

Length, 20 mm.

Zusterstoom, Zoutpansberg. February.

The third joint of the antennae is nearly as long as the following two
united ; eyes distinctly converging above ; the hinder ocelli separated
from each other by about the same distance as they are from the eyes.
Apex of clypeus transverse, with the sides broadly rounded ; labrum
large, semicircular ; occiput broadly rounded, not much developed ;
apex of pronotum broadly rounded, margined with black, a shallow
f u rrow down its centre ; mesonotum and scutellum flat, smooth,

4

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Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

and shining ; metanotum closely, transversely, not very strongly striated,
the striae extending on to the upper half of the metapleurae ; it is densely
covered with black hair ; the apex is transverse ; the apical segments
are covered with fulvous hair ; the long spur of the hind tibiae does not
reach to the middle of the metatarsus ; the serration on the tibiae is not
very strong ; the tarsi are more strongly spinose.

Allied to S. jamisieri Guer. That species has no black line across
the vertex, the mesonotum and scutellum are rufo- testaceous, the third
antennal joint is shorter compared with the fourth, it being not much
longer than it, the base of the pronotum is more distinctly rounded, not
transverse as in lineaticollis, and it is densely coverd with golden pile.

Salius dedjas Guer.

Pompilus ( Pepsis ) dedjas Guer. — Lefebr., Voy. Abyss., VI, Pt. 4, 355,
PL VII, f. 2. ; Bingham, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1902, IX, 353.

Pinetown, Natal. May. A small specimen, half the usual size.

Salius spectrum Smith.

Mygnimia spectrum Smith. — Cat. Hym. Ins., Brit. Mus., iii, 187.

Salius hirsutus Saussure. — Dist. Nat., Transvaal, 1892, 216, PI. V,

f. 3.

Salius spectrum Bingham. — Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1902, IX, 352.

Waterval. October.

Salius Inilaris Sm.

Descr. of New Species of Hymen., 144, 16 (Pompilus).

Pietersburg. November.

A male is probably this species, at any rate it agrees with Smith’s short
description, except that the apex of the abdomen is not ferruginous. The
second abscissa of the radius is about one-fourth longer than the third ;
the third transverse cubital nervure is received near the base of the apical
fourth ; the second is broadly rounded outwardly, and is received shortly
beyond the middle of the cellule ; the transverse median nervure is rounded
outwardly, and is received about three-fourths of the length of the latter
beyond it ; the accessory nervure in the hind wings is interstitial. Hinder
ocelli separated from each other by one-half less the distance they are
from the eyes. Tibiae and tarsi closely spinose ; claws with a short tooth
near the base ; the apices of the tarsal joints are blackish, as are also the
palpi. Only the sc pe of the antennae is present. The labrum is ferru-
ginous.

Salius irenensis, sp. n.

Black ; the antennae orange-red ; a narrow line on the inner orbits,
commencing at the ocelli and extending to the bottom, rufo-testaceous ;
the greater part of the outer orbits and of the occiput dark rufous ; the
fore femora from shortly before the middle, the apex of the four posterior,
and the tibiae rufo-testaceous, as are also the tarsi, except the apices of
the joints, which are black; wings fuscous- violaceous ; the stigma and
nervures black. The second abscissa of the radius fully twice the length
of the third ; the first transverse cubital nervure roundly curved ; the

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

123

second straight, oblique ; the third from shortly below the middle sharply,
obliquely bent towards the base of the cellule ; the first recurrent nervure
is received close to the apex, the second shortly beyond the middle of the
cellule, and is broadly rounded outwardly ; the transverse median nervure
is received distinctly beyond the transverse basal ; the accessory nervure
in the hind wings received very shortly before the cubitus ; the hind ocelli
are separated from each other by about half the distance they are from
the eyes ; head and thorax covered with black hair ; claws with a stout
basal tooth, shorter than the other ; on the hinder legs this tooth is shorter
and more slender. Male.

Length, 12-15 mm.

Irene. November. Petersburg. November.

Pompilus Fab.

Pompilus bretoni Guer.

Mag. de Zool, XIII, 114, 4, PI. 115, f. 2; Kohl, Denkschr. d.
Mathem-Naturwiss. Klasse Akad. d. Wissen, 1906, 100; Cameron, Sjostedt’s
Kilimand. — Meru Exped. Hymen., 252.

Pompilus vindicatus Smith. — Cat. Hym. Ins. iii, 142. 118 ; Cameron
Records Alb. Mus., i, 217 ; Bingham, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1902, 349.

I have an example of this widely spread African species from the
Transvaal, and Mr. Janse has taken examples at Rietfontein in September,
and at Pretoria, which have only the apical six or seven joints of the
antennae rufous below, while in the type the flagellum is entirely rufous.
The outer orbits may be lined with rufous.

Pompilus ancyloneurus, sp. n.

Black ; the antennae reddish- vermilion ; the head, except the centre
of the vertex and the front broadly, the mark roundly narrowed below,
the apical half of the pronotum, tegulax, apex of mesonotum, scutellum,
apical two segments of the abdomen, the fore femora except at the base,
the apical half of the middle, the apex of the posterior, and the tarsi,
ferruginous ; the apices of the tarsal joints narrowly black ; wings yellowish-
hyaline ; the apex from the second transverse cubital nervure, the radial
cellule from the middle of the second abscissa of the radius, from shortly
beyond the second recurrent nervure, and more broadly along the posterior
margin, and about the apical fourth of the posterior wings fuscous, slightly
tinged with violaceous ; the second abscissa of the radius hardly one-fourth
longer than the third ; the first transverse cubital nervure almost straight,
obliquely sloped ; the second roundly curved backwards, the posterior
part straight, oblique ; the anterior half of the third obliquely sloped
towards the base ; the first recurrent nervure received in the apical fourth ;
the second in the middle of the cellule ; the transverse median nervure
interstitial ; the accessory nervure in hind wings received shortly beyond
the cubitus ; hinder ocelli separated from each other by about the same
distance as they are from the eyes. Apex of clypeus transverse, with
the sides broadly rounded ; apex of pronotum angled in the middle ;

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Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

metanotum opaque, densely covered with black hair; the apex rounded ;
scutellum not much raised above the level of the mesonotum ; temples
broadly rounded, the occiput transverse. Female.

Length, 14 mm.

Doornfontein. November.

The third joint of the antennae is fully one-quarter longer than the
fourth. Pygidium sparsely covered with longish black hairs.

Pompilus erythrourus Cam.

Anoplius ( Pompilogastra ?) erythiourus Cam. — Records Albany Museum,
i, 219.

Frischgewaagd. January.

Pompilus desidiosus, sp. n.

Black ; the apical two-thirds of the hind femora and the hind tibiae
red ; the post-scutellum and the sides of the apical slope of the metanotum
densely covered with white pubescence ; wings fuscous-violaceous ; the
stigma and nervures black ; the third abscissa of the radius one-fourth
of the length of the third ; the second and third transverse cubital nervures
broadly rounded, converging in front ; the basal two abscissae of the
radius broadly rounded ; the third straight, oblique ; the first recurrent
nervure is received in the apical fourth, the second in the middle of the
cellule ; the transverse basal nervure interstitial ; the accessory nervure
in the hind wings received shortly beyond the cubitus, almost interstitial ;
hinder ocelli separated from e,ach other by a slightly greater distance than
they are from the eyes ; apex of clypeus transverse ; labrum large, semi-
circular ; the long spur of the tibiae is more than half the length of the
metatarsus. Female.

Length, 9 mm.

Rietfontein. January.

Temples very short ; the occiput not transverse ; apical slope of
metanotum depressed in the middle, the sides broadly rounded ; claws
bifid.

Pompilus jansei, sp. n.

Black ; the head, with the mandibles, except the teeth and the
antennae, dull-red ; the prothorax more or less of a duller red ; wings
uniformly fuscous violaceous ; the stigma and nervures black ; the first
and third transverse cubital nervures broadly, roundly curved ; the
recurrent nervures received in the middle of the cellules ; the transverse
median nervure roundly curved, received distinctly beyond the transverse
basal ; the accessory nervure in the hind wings received very shortly
before the cubitus ; the long spur of the hind tibiae one-third of the length
of the metatarsus ; claws bifid, the shorter claw stouter than the other.
Female.

Length, 12 mm.

Waterval No. 211, Zoutpansberg District. November.

Clypeus transverse, the apex margined ; labrum distinctly projecting ;
hinder ocelli' separated from each other by the same distance as they are
from the eyes ; temples broadly rounded, densely covered with a silvery

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

125

pile ; pubescence sparse and black ; apical slope of metanotum finely,
distinctly, and closely striated ; abdomen as long as the head and thorax
united, a little wider than the latter ; pygidium finely, closely punctured ;
tibial and tarsal spines stout, the tarsi with the spines much more numerous
and stouter than they are on the tibiae ; they are longer on the apices
of the joints ; on the fore tarsi they are longer than on the others.

Pompilus commodus, sp. n.

Black ; a narrow, yellowish- white line on the apex of the pronotum ;
the spurs brown ; wings hyaline, a fuscous-violaceous cloud on the apex>
commencing at the apex of the radial cellule ; the nervures and stigma
black ; the second cubital cellule large ; the second abscissa of the radius
almost four times longer than the third ; the first recurrent nervure received
in the apical fourth of the cellule ; the transverse basal nervure inter-
stitial ; the accessory nervure in the hind wings received before the cubitus ;
pronotum, head, and coxae covered with moderately long, the metanotum
more densely with longer white hair ; hinder ocelli separated from the
eyes by almost the same distance as they are from each other. Male.

Length, 10 mm.

Warmberg, Zoutpansberg District. November.

Very similar to P. longihirtus, but readily known by the white line
on the pronotum, and by the difference in the alar neuration ; eyes almost
incised on the inner side ; apex of clypeus broadly rounded ; the long
spur of the hind tibiae two-thirds of the length of the metatarsus.

Pompilus longihirtus, sp. n.

Black ; the mandibles, except the teeth, and the underside of the
basal three joints of the flagellum, dull-rufous ; the tibiae and tarsi
brownish ; the spines brownish ; wings hyaline, a curved cloud beyond
the radius ; the stigma and nervures black ; the second abscissa of the
radius fully one-third longer than the third ; the transverse median nervure
interstitial ; the first recurrent nervure received at the base of the apical
third of the cellule, the second very shortly beyond the middle ; the
second recurrent nervure broadly, roundly curved in the middle ; the
first and third transverse cubital nervures broadly, roundly curved, the
second straight, oblique ; the accessory nervure in the hind wings received
before the cubitus ; head, thorax, and apices of the abdominal segments
covered with a silvery pile, the head, pronotum, and metanotum with
longish white hair, the hair on the metanotum longer than on the head or
pronotum ; the eyes distinctly converge above ; the ocelli in a curve,
the hinder separated from each other by a greater distance than they are
from the eyes. Apex of clypeus broadly rounded ; the long spur of the
hind tibiae almost three-fourths of the length of the metatarsus ; the
claws sub-bifid. Female.

Length, 11 mm.

Warmberg, Zoutpansberg District. March and November.

Basal joint of fore tarsi with four long spines ; pygidium covered
with depressed silvery pile.

Pompilus acuticmgulatus, sp. n.

Black ; the basal two abdominal segments and two large semicircular

126

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

marks on the basal half of the third, united at the base, reddish-orange ;
the base of the first black ; a pale fuscous mark down the centre, united
to a transverse narrower one on the apex ; in the centre of the third is
a semicircular fuscous mark ; on the apex a broad transverse line, dilated
in the middle, united to the basal central mark ; the basal two ventral
segments paler orange ; wings fuscous-violaceous ; the stigma and nervures
black ; the second cubital cellule shortly appendiculated ; the first and
third transverse cubital nervures roundly curved, the second almost
straight, obliquely sloped ; the transverse median nervure received very
shortly beyond the transverse basal ; the first recurrent nervure received
near the apex, the second in the middle of the cellule ; the anal nervure
at the base is turned acutely downwards, forming a sharp angle ; radial
cellule wide ; the basal two abscissae roundly curved, the third (which
is shorter than the basal two united) straight, obliquely turned upwards ;
accessory nervure in the hind wings interstitial. Female. •

Length, 11 mm.

Waterval No. 211, Zoutpansberg District. November.

Face and clypeus covered with a grey silky pile ; the apex of clypeus
transverse ; eyes distinctly converging above ; the hinder ocelli separated
from each other by the same distance as they are from the eyes ; pronotum
large, as long as the mesonotum ; metanotum more opaque than the
mesonotum, its sides broadly rounded ; tibial and tarsal spines black ;
the basal joint of the fore tarsi closely spinose below ; there is no furrow
on the metanotum, but its apical slope is slightly depressed, nor is there
a furrow on the pronotum ; the mandibles are broadly red in the middle.
Allied to P. proximatus Sm.

Pompilus leptacanthius, sp. n.

Black ; the basal six or seven joints of the antennae, the apex of the
clypeus and of the labrum, mandibles, except the teeth, and the legs,
red ; the fore coxae behind, the middle, except broadly on the outer side,
and the hinder, black ; palpi dark testaceous ; wings hyaline, distinctly
tinged with violaceous ; the stigma and nervures black ; the apex from
the end of the stigma clouded ; the second abscissa of the radius hardly
one quarter shorter than the third ; the first transverse cubital nervure
broadly, roundly, obliquely curved towards the fore part of the second,
which is straight and oblique ; the first recurrent nervure received near
the base of the apical third, the second in the middle ; the transverse
basal nervure and the accessory interstitial. Female.

Length, 11 mm.

Pretoria. January.

Eyes distinctly converging above, separated there by the length of
the third antennal joint ; hinder ocelli separated from each other by the
same distance as they are from the eyes ; apex of clypeus broadly rounded,
as is also the apex of the pronotum ; there is a fine longitudinal furrow
outside the middle of the mesonotum ; the apex of the metanotum forms
a shallow, semicircular depression ; temples short, broadly rounded ;
there are five long spines on the basal joint of the fore tarsi.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

127

Homonotus Dbm.

Homonotus spoliatus, sp. n.

Black ; a narrow but distinct line on the inner and outer eye orbits,
the prothorax, mesonotum, scutellum, and tegulae, ferruginous ; the
wings uniformly fuscous-violaceous ; the first abscissa of the radius longer
than the third, which is half the length of the second ; the first and second
transverse cubital nervures obliquely sloped, the first more rounded than
the second ; the recurrent nervures received in the middle of the cellules ;
the transverse basal interstitial ; the accessory nervure in the hind wing
received very shortly before the cubitus ; temples almost obsolete, the
occiput slightly rounded outwardly ; pronotum as long as the mesonotum
and scutellum, the metanotum slightly longer than them ; the third joint
of the antennae shorter than the fourth. Male.

Length, 9 mm.

Waterval No. 211, Zoutpansberg District. November.

Metanotum as long as it is wide at the base ; its sides at the apex
bluntly, triangularly projecting ; hinder ocelli in pits, separated from each
other by a distinctly greater distance than they are from the eyes ; apex
of clypeus broadly rounded, the top more bluntly rounded ; the long spur
of the hind tibiae three-fourths of the length of the metatarsus ; claws
unequally bifid.

Agenia Schiodte.

Agenia varipalpis, sp. n.

Black ; the head and pronotum densely covered with longish fuscous
pubescence ; smooth, shining ; the metanotum closely, not very strongly,
transversely striated ; the basal five joints of the antennae, apical three-
fourths of the mandibles, and the legs, red ; the coxae and trochanters
black ; the apex of the second and the whole of the third joint of the
maxillary palpi dark testaceous, the joints covered with a white pile ;
wings uniformly fuscous-violaceous ; the stigma and nervures black ; the
second abscissa of the radius fully one- quarter longer than the third ; the
basal two transverse cubital nervures broadly, roundly curved ; the apical
abscissa of the radius straight, obliquely turned upwards ; the first
recurrent nervure received shortly before the base of the apical third of
the cellule, the second broadly, roundly curved outwardly, received near
the base of the basal third ; the transverse median nervure is received
shortly beyond the transverse basal ; the accessory nervure in the hind
wings shortly before the cubitus. Female.

Length, 12 mm.

Button’s Kop. October.

Eyes slightly converging above, separated at the top by the length
of the basal two joints of the flagellum ; hinder ocelli separated from each
other by half the distance they are from the eyes ; temples sharply, roundly
narrowed ; the occiput transverse ; clypeus wider than long, gradually
narrowed to a point at the apex ; the apical margin smooth and shining,

128

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more broadly so in the middle ; the tibiae and tarsi bear short black spines ;
the apical joint of the latter blackish ; the long spur of the hinder calcaria
does not reach to the middle of the metatarsus ; third joint of the antennae
fully one-fourth longer than the fourth.

Agenia ornaticollis, sp. n.

Black ; the antennae, head, mandibles, palpi, prothorax, mesonoturm
scutellums, the apex of the fourth and the whole of the following abdominal
segments, and the legs, rufo-testaceous ; wings hyaline ; the stigma and
nervures black ; the third abscissa of the radius hardly one-quarter longer
than the second ; the first recurrent nervure received shortly beyond the
middle, the second near the apex of the basal third of the cellule ; the
transverse median nervure distinctly beyond the transverse basal ; the
accessory nervure in the hind wings very shortly before the cubitus ; there
is a semicircular black spot in the centre of the base of the pronotum, and
a smaller, somewhat triangular one in the middle of the propleurae ;
metanotum weakly, finely, transversely striated. Female.

Length, 11 mm.

Pretoria. November.

Eyes converging above, separated there by the length of the second
and third antennal joints ; hinder ocelli separated from each other by half
the distance they are from the eyes ; temples roundly narrowed ; the
occiput hardly transverse ; apex of clypeus narrowed to a blunt point ;
the long spur of the hind tibiae is one- third of the length of the metatarsus ;
the tarsi are more densely covered with short black spines than the tibiae ;
the first transverse cubital nervure is oblique, slightly rounded, the second
is straight, oblique.

PSEJDAGENIA KOHL.

Pseudagenia brunniceps Lucas.

Die Hymen. Ost. Afrikas., Pompilidae, 60 ; Cameron, Sjostedt,
D. Kilimandjaro, 259.

Warmberg, Zoutpansberg District. September.

Aporus Spin.

Aporus leucotrichius, sp. n.

Black ; the prothorax, except on the lower part, the mesonoturm
and the tegulae, red ; the wings fuscous, darker tinted beyond the second
transverse cubital nervure ; the stigma and nervures black ; the transverse
median nervure roundly curved outwardly, received shortly beyond the
transverse basal ; the two transverse cubital nervures broadly, roundly
curved ; the first nervure more bent than the second ; the first recurrent
nervure is received near the apex of the basal fourth of the cellule, the
second slightly nearer the apex; the accessory nervure in the hind wings

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

129

is received shortly before the cubitus ; the inner eye orbits from the
antennae to near the top are lined narrowly with pale yellow ; the hinder
ocelli are separated from each other by almost the same distance as they
are from the eyes ; temples almost obsolete, the occiput transverse ;
clypeus, face, scutellums, and the parts bounding them, densely covered
with white pile ; apical slope of metanotum densely covered with depressed
white pubescence ; tibial and tarsal spines long and black ; the long spur
of hind calcaria three-fourths of the length of the metatarsus. Male.

Length, 7 mm.

Petersburg. December.

The eyes are curved on the inner side, and converge distinctly below ;
the antennal scape is yellowish-white in the centre below ; the third
antennal joint is nearly as long as the fourth.

Jansea, gen. nov.

Wings without a radial cellule ; there are two cubital cellules ; the
two transverse cubital nervures are united to the stigma by a short pedicle,
the second cubital cellule being narrowed to a point in front ; it receives
both recurrent nervures ; there is no radius ; the cubitus does not extend
to the apex of the wings; the dis oidal nervure is short ; in the hind wings
the radial, cubital, and diskoidal nervures are present, and extend to the
apex of the wings, but there is no transverse cubital nervure ; the accessory
nervure is short; head, as in Pompilus, wider than the thorax ; there is
no malar space ; tibiae spineless ; abdomen sessile ; claws simple ;
ocelli in a wide triangle ; hind tarsi long, the basal two joints united as long
as the tibiae ; the anal nervure is straight, not curved down at the
base.

The head and body are as in Pompilus. It is a genus easily recog-
nized by the absence of a radius, and by the two transverse cubital nervures
being united direct to the stigma. In the described genera they are united
to the radius.

Jansea longitarsis, sp. n.

Black, shining, probably when fresh covered with a silvery pile 5
wings hyaline to the second transverse cubital nervure, fuscous beyond
it ; the stigma and nervures black ; the first transverse cubital nervure
is roundly, obliquely curved towards the cubitus ; the second is broadly
rounded outwardly ; apex of clypeus transverse, with the sides at the
apex rounded ; temples broad, rounded ; the occiput not transverse ;
the third joint of the antennae about one-fourth longer than the fourth ;
pronotum as long as the metanotum, and a little longer than the meso-
notum with the scutellum. Male.

Length, 6 mm.

Pretoria. December.

Palpi long and black ; the fore coxae are thicker and longer than the
others ; apex of metanotum broadly rounded ; the first recurrent nervure
is received close to the base, the second at double the distance from the
apex.

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SPHEGIDAE.

Astata Latr.

Astata albopilosella, sp. n.

Black ; the first abdominal segment, except the basal slope, the
second and third segments, red ; the apices of the others piceous ; the
wings hyaline ; the stigma and the nervures beyond its base pallid testa-
ceous ; the head, thorax, and base of abdomen densely covered with
white pubescence ; the ventral surface of abdomen, the apices of dorsal
segments, and the legs, more sparsely haired ; the hind tibiae and tarsi
covered, but not thickly, with stiff black spines ; metanotum closely
reticulated, the basal striae roundly curved ; the apical slope is more
finely reticulated ; mesonotum and apical half of scutellum closely
punctured ; the base of scutellum smooth and shining ; front closely
punctured, a wide furrow, with obliquely sloped sides, down its centre ;
the clypeus is more shining and closely punctured. Male.

Length, 11 mm.

Tachytes Panz.

Tachytes cirgenteovestita, sp. n.

Black ; densely covered with silvery white hair, the pygidial area
with depressed golden pile ; the palpi and calcaria rufo-testaceous ; the
tibial and tarsal spines of a paler rufous colour ; wings hyaline ; the stigma
and nervures testaceous ; the radius thickened at the base, not much
shorter than the second and third united ; the second one- third of the
length of the third ; clypeus closely, distinctly punctured, the apical half
more strongly than the basal ; mesonotum alutaceous, the scutellum
closely, distinctly punctured. Female.

Length, 14 mm.

Pietersburg. December.

The eyes converge above, separated there by the length of the basal
two joints of the flagellum united. The silvery pile forms distinct bands
on the apices of the abdominal segments. The middle of the clypeus is
almost transverse ; there is no distinct puncturation on the front and
vertex ; the first joint of the fore tarsi has six, the second and third two,
the fourth one spine ; there is no clear appendicular cellule in the fore
wings.

Notogonia Costa.

Notogonia aterrima Sm.

Larrada aterrima Smith. — Cat. Hym. Ins., IV, 282, 27.

Pietersburg. December.

A distinct species. Characteristic is the clearly defined furrow down
the basal half of the mesonotum. The wings have the apex clouded ; the
first abscissa of the radius is nearly as long as the second and third united ;

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

131

the second about half the length of the third ; the radial cellule short and
wide, extending to the apex of the cubitus ; the apical abscissa of the
radius larger than usual, straight ; the appendicular cellule longer than
usual ; there is a distinct, clearly defined furrow down the lower half of
the front ; the first transverse cubital nervure is broadly, roundly curved.

Notogonia transvaalensis , sp. n.

Black ; densely covered with silvery pubescence, dense on the face,
clypeus, and orbits ; wings hyaline, tinged with violaceous ; the apex
with a fuscous margin ; the nervures black ; the second abscissa of the
radius about one quarter shorter than the third ; the apex of radius
straight, obliquely sloped ; the two recurrent nervures almost united at
the cubitus, received at the apex of the basal third ; the lower part of
the first transverse cubital nervure is straight, obliquely sloped ; the upper
(and longer) is more sharply oblique, and slightly, broadly rounded ;
mesonotum and scutellum finely, minutely punctured ; the metanotum
with a fine keel down the basal half, the keel becoming finer towards the
apex ; it is obscurely, finely, transversely striated, the striae stronger and
more widely separated on the sides of the apical half ; the apical slope is
more distinctly striated, the striae clearly separated and stronger on the
sides; there is a closely striated belt on the centre of the basal half of
the metapleurae, the striae longer on the middle ; pygidium covered with
silvery pubescence, closely, rather strongly striated, the lateral striae
curved. Female.

Length, 12 mm.

Rietfontein No. 24, Pretoria District. January.

Tibial and tarsal spines stout, black ; the apex of the hind tibiae
and the base of the outer hinder spur covered with pale golden pile.

Notogonia brevicarinata , sp. n.

Black ; covered with silvery pile ; the wings hyaline, distinctly tinged
with violaceous ; the apical margin in both wings clouded ; the basal
abscissa of the radius about one quarter shorter than the following two
united ; the second half the length of the third ; the second recurrent
nervure is received near the apex of the basal third ; the two recurrent
nervures are separated by slightly more than half of the second abscissa
of the radius ; the fore half of the first transverse cubital nervure is more
obliquely bent than the posterior, and is slightly, roundly curved. On the
centre of the basal fourth of the metanotum is a stout longitudinal keel,
bordered by fine striae ; the apical slope bears fine, widely separated
striae ; the lower apical part of the metapleurae irregularly, obliquely
striated ; the third and fourth joints of the antennae are equal in length ;
Jthe eyes at the top are separated by the length of the third and half the
length of the second antennal joints united ; apex of clypeus broadly
rounded ; the vertical and longitudinal furrows on the mesopleurae
smooth ; pygidium twice longer than it is wide at the base. Female.

Length, 12 mm.

Pretoria. June.

132

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

Notogonia pretoriaensis, sp. n.

Black ; covered with silvery pile, which forms broad bands on the
apices of the abdominal segments ; wings hyaline, distinctly tinged with
violaceous ; the stigma and nervures black ; the first abscissa of the
radius as long as the following two united ; the second fully half the length
of the third ; the two recurrent nervures are almost united, and are received
very shortly beyond the apex of the basal third ; the first transverse cubital
nervure is obliquely sloped, the anterior half slightly rounded, the posterior
straight ; it is bullated near the radius and below the middle ; the base
of the metanotum is weakly, the sides towards the apical slope more strongly
striated ; there is a longitudinal keel down the centre of the basal half ;
the apical slope is more strongly and regularly striated ; the metapleurae
not striated ; the calcaria, tibial, and tarsal spines black ; the claws without
a tooth. Female.

Length, 14 mm.

Pretoria. May.

Base of mandibles densely covered with depressed white pile ; palpi
black, covered with white pile ; the second and third joints united are
as long as the scape ; the third is a little longer than the fourth ; the eyes
at the top are separated by the length of the third antennal joint ; the
furrow down the base of the mesopleurae is distinct and closely crenulated ;
the longitudinal furrow is distinct and smooth ; apex of clypeus broadly
rounded, depressed in the middle ; the wings are uniformly coloured ;
the radial cellule moderately long and wide.

Lmis Fab.

Liris nigropilosellus, sp. n.

Black ; densely covered with black pubescence, which is longer and
denser on the metathorax ; wings uniformly fuscous-violaceous ; the
stigma and nervures black ; palpi black ; the apices of the joints testa-
ceous ; mesonotum and scutellum closely, distinctly punctured, the
punctures distinct and clearly separated ; the punctures on the scutellum
more widely separated than they are on the mesonotum ; the metanotum
is more closely, regularly, and strongly punctured, as are also the pleurae ;
the abdomen is finely and closely punctured ; the pile on the pygidium
is black ; eyes distinctly converging above, separated there by less than
the length of the second and third antennal j oints united ; the first abscissa
of the radius as long as the third ; the second as long as the space bounded
by the recurrent nervures, which is as long as the space bounded by the
first transverse cubital and the first recurrent nervures ; the second recur-
rent nervure is received shortly beyond the middle ; the first transverse
cubital nervure is broadly, roundly curved behind ; the second at its
junction with the cubitus is straight, forming an angle with the much
larger anterior part ; tibial and tarsal spines black. Male.

Length, 19 mm.

Bietfontein, November.

Annals op the Transvaal Museum:.

133

Liris haemorrhoidalis F.

Kohl, Verh., z-b., Ges. Wien., XXXIV, 256 ; Bingham, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., (7), X, 209 ; Stadelmann, D. Hymen. Ost. Afr., 44.
Kranspoort. December.

Ammophila Kirby.

Ammophila ludovicus Sm.

Cat. Hym. Ins., Brit. Mus., IV., 212, 29 ; Kohl, Ann. Hof. Mns. Wien.,
IX, 251, 260, pi. IX, f. 44, 65, and 66 ; Bingham, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
(7), X, 218. •

Kranspoort. December. One example of this well-marked large
species.

Ammophila ferrugineipes Lep.

Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., iii, 383 ; Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins., IV, 212 ;
Gribodo, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, XXI, 297 ; Gerstaker, Peter’s Reise,
481 ; Stadelmann, Die Hym. Ost. Afr., 45 ; Cameron, Sjostedts, Zool.
Exp. d. Kilimand. ii. Meru., Hym., 268 ; Bingham, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(7), X, 218.

Waterval No. 211, Zoutpansberg District. December.

Ammophila pulchricollis, sp. n.

Black, densely covered with silvery pile ; the antennal scape, the
second joint, clypeus, mandibles to near the teeth, malar space, pronotum,
except for a narrow line behind the middle, propleurae, tubercles, and
tegulae, red ; the legs and the basal three segments of the abdomen of a
more ferruginous red ; the hind coxae, except above, narrowly at the
apex ; their sides, except for a triangular space at the base and the apex
narrowly ; a broad line on the hind femora, commencing near the base,
where it extends all round, and extending above to the base of the apical
fourth, black ; the hind tarsi of a darker red colour ; the base of the second
abdominal segment and its apex more broadly, the fourth and following
segments, except narrowly at the apex, and the fourth to sixth ventral,
black ; wings hyaline, slightly tinged with fulvous ; the nervures black ;
the second abscissa of the radius as long as the first and twice the length
of the third ; the third transverse cubital nervure broadly, roundly curved
in a semicircle ; the second is slightly, roundly curved, and slopes a little
from the front ; the first is obliquely sloped and broadly, roundly curved ;
the first recurrent nervure is received shortly before the middle ; the
second at the base of the apical fourth; mesonotum irregularly, trans-
versely striated, the scutellum more finely and closely longitudinally
striated ; the metanotum irregularly, weakly striated laterally. Male.

Length, 22 mm.

Masemola.

Eyes slightly converging above; apex of clypeus broadly rounded,
depressed, almost furrowed ; the clypeus is short and broad ; pronotum
as long as the mesonotum ; the basal third narrowed.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

134

Ammophila transvaalensis, sp. n.

Black ; the head and thorax densely covered with silvery pubescence
and hair ; the antennal scape, mandibles except the teeth, prothorax except
at the base narrowly, tubercles, tegulae, and the legs, red ; the anterior
femora at the base behind, and the middle coxae, trochanters, femora,
tibiae, and the hind legs behind, black ; wings hyaline, distinctly tinged
with violaceous ; the nervures black ; the first abscissa as long as the
second, the third one-quarter of their length ; the third transverse cubital
nervure being obliquely curved from below the middle towards the top of
the second ; the first recurrent nervure received near the apex of the basal
third ; the second received half the distance from the second ; mesonotum
obscurely, transversely striated ; the scutellum longitudinally, finely
rugose, a distinct smooth furrow down its centre, the base of the furrow
rounded, the apex acute ; post-scutellum rugosely punctured ; metanotum
transversely, irregularly striated laterally ; the centre more finely reticu-
lated ; there is no distinct central area ; pleurae closely, not very strongly,
punctured, the puncturation hid by the dense white pubescence ; they are
more densely pilose than the upper parts of the thorax. Male.

Length, 24 mm.

Eyes slightly converging below ; clypeus longer than wide, its apex
slightly, widely incised, or at least not transverse ; there is a smooth tubercle
in its centre ; third antennal joint about one-fourth shorter than the fourth
and fifth united ; tarsal spines strong.

Allied to A. ferrugineipes Lep. ; that species may be known from it
by the basal five or six joints of the flagellum being red, by the clypeus
being red, by the third transverse cubital nervure being more gradually
rounded to the bottom, by the basal abscissa of the radius being about
one-fourth longer than the second, and the hind tibiae and tarsi are red,
not black, nor is there a distinct smooth furrow down the centre of the
scutellum.

Ammophila maculifrons, sp. n.

Black ; the head red, except for a large mark on the front, wider
than long, not extending to the lower edge, nor to the eyes, and above
extending shortly behind and enclosing the ocelli ; below a line runs down
the middle to the antennae ; the basal four joints of the antennae, the
fifth except above, the raised apical part of the prothorax, tegulae,
and tubercles, red ; the apical four segments of the abdomen blue ;
the legs red ; the coxae, trochanters, and femora above, black ; the
hinder femora more broadly and longly above, and also broadly below,
black ; wings hyaline, the apex tinged with fuscous, the rest more slightly
tinged with violaceous ; the nervures black ; the basal three abscissae
of the radius of equal length ; the basal two transverse cubital nervures
straight, oblique, converging in front ; the third converging in front from
below the middle, the rest rounded ; the first recurrent nervure received
near the apex of the basal fourth of the cellule, the second at half the
distance from the apex ; pro- and mesonotum transversely striated, the
metanotum closely reticulated in the middle, and closely, transversely
striated ; pleurae obscurely punctured, the lower half obscurely, obliquely

Antals of the Transvaal Museum.

135

striated ; apex of clypeus bluntly rounded, the middle almost transverse ;
hinder ocelli separated from each other by almost half the distance they
are from the eyes. M°le.

Length, 18 mm.

Berea Park. December.

The third antennal joint almost as long as the following two united ;
the metanotal area becomes gradually roundly narrowed to a sharp point
from the spiracles.

Ammophila caeruleornata, sp. n.

Black ; the third and following segments of the abdomen blue ; the
mandibles, except the teeth, the propleurae, the sides of the pronotum,
the mark narrower than the central black part, and the tegulae, red ; the
legs, with the coxae, four anterior trochanters, femora, and tibiae, of a
darker red ; wings hyaline, tinged with violaceous ; the costa and nervures
testaceous ; the basal two abscissae of the radius equal in length, the
third very slightly longer ; the basal two transverse cubital nervures
straight, oblique, converging in front, the third broadly, roundly curved ;
the first recurrent nervure received at the apex of the basal fourth, the
second nearer the apex of the cellule. Male.

Length, 16 mm.

Berea Park. December.

The silvery pubescence dense ; the hair on the front, vertex, outer
orbits, and pleurae long and dense ; eyes distinctly converging below ;
the hind ocelli separated from the eyes by a distinctly greater distance
than they are from each other; pro-, meso-, and metanotum somewhat
strongly, transversely striated, the mesonotum not quite so strongly as
the rest ; the scutellum more strongly and not quite so closely longitu-
dinally striated ; the post-scutellum finely rugose, irregularly, longitu-
dinally striated.

Ammophila dolichocephala, sp. n.

Black, densely covered with a silvery pile ; the under side of antennal
scape, mandibles to the teeth, pronotum, and tegulae, red ; the first
abdominal segment, the sides, ventral segment, and apex narrowly of the
second, the third, the sides of the fourth and following segments and the
ventral surface, the legs except the coxae, trochanters, and the femora
to near the apex, of a more ferruginous red ; the apical three joints of the
four anterior tarsi and the hinder, except the basal joint and the base of
the second, black ; wings hyaline, slightly tinged with violaceous and
fulvous ; the stigma and nervures black ; the first abscissa of the radius
slightly longer than the second, which is four times longer than the third ;
the first recurrent nervure is received at the apex of the basal fourth, the
second nearer the apex than it ; the second transverse cubital nervure is
straight ; the third roundly obliquely turned towards its fore part ; pro-
notum smooth, a little longer than it is wide at the apex ; the narrowed
basal part two-thirds of the length of the apical ; metanotum irregularly, not
very strongly punctured ; a smooth space on either side of the apex ; the
sides from the tegulae irregularly, transversely striated ; there is a narrow
but distinct furrow down the centre, from the base to shortly beyond the

136

Annals os’ the Transvaal Museum.

middle ; scutellum closely, finely, longitudinally striated, the base in the
centre smooth and shining ; there is a smooth furrow down the middle,
not extending to the base and apex ; post-scutellum stoutly striated ;
pleurae sparsely punctured, the puncturation hid by the dense white pile.
Male.

Length, 24 mm.

Pretoria. January.

Eyes converging below ; there is no malar space ; clypeus distinctly
longer than wide ; the part below the eyes longer than the part above
their bottom ; the apex narrowed, depressed, and with a shallow incision
at the end ; in the centre is a longitudinal keel, commencing shortly above
the middle and reaching to near the top of the apical fourth ; the third
antennal joint is fully one-fourth longer than the fourth, slightly shorter
than the following two united ; there is no blue tint on the apical abdom-
inal segments.

Allied to A. nasuta Lep., from Oran., it having the longish clypeus
of that species.

Ammophila (Psammophila) tydei Guil.

Le Guillon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., X, 319 ; Kohl, Ann. Hof. Mus., XXI,
284 ; Cameron, Sjostedts, Zool. Exped. n. d. Kilimand. u. Meru., Hym.,
268.

Ammophila argentata Lep. — Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., iii, 368 ; Andre,
Spec. Hym. Eur., iii, 85.

Psammophila madeirae Dahlb. — Hym. Eur., i, 21 and 432.

Ammophila capensis Lep. — Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., iii, 368.

Ammophila Jclugii. — Andre, l.c. 85.

Middelburg Town. December. Pietersburg. December.

SCELIPHRON KlUG (PELOPOEUS AUCT.).

Sceliphron spirifex Lin l

Pelopoeus spirifex Smith. — Cat. Hym. Ins., IV, 227 ; Gribodo, Ann.
d. Mus. Civic, di Genova, xvi, 224, 1 ; l.c . (2) i, 298 ; R. Accd. d. Scien.
di Bologna, 1894, 136 ; Magretti, Ann. d. Mus. Civ. di Storia Nat. di
Genova, i, 577.

Sceliphron spirifex Bingham. — Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), X, 217 ;
Kohl, Denk. d. Mathe.-Natur. Klasse Kais. Akad. d. Wissen, 1906, 21.

Sceliphron aegyptium Kirby. — Forbes Natur. Hist, of Sokotra and Abd-
el-Kuri, 240.

I have seen an example of this from the Transvaal.

Sceliphron spinolae Lep.

Pelopoeus spinolae Lep. — Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., iii, 307 ; Gribodo,
Ann. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Genova, (2), i, 299.

Pelopoelus spinolae , var. rufo-pictus Magretti. — Ann. Mus. Civ. St.
Nat., Genova, (2a), i, 57.

Sceliphron ■ spinolae Bingham. — Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), X, 217.
Lemana. October. Water va\ No. 211, Zoutpansberg District. January.

Annals of the Teansvaal Museum.

137

This is probably a variable species in size and coloration ; the blue
or violaceous tints vary in intensity ; the alar nervures may be black or
testaceous ; only the basal (scape) joint of the antennae may be rufo-
testaceous, or the basal six or seven may be so coloured. Saint Fargean
calls the coloration of the basal antennal joints “ luteous ” ; in my
examples they are distinctly rufo- testaceous ; the amount of the rufous
coloration on the clypeus and mandibles varies, and it may be suffused
with black. In one male the fore tarsi are luteous, with the base of the first
joint black ; Magretti’s var. rufo-pictus has the oral region and the thorax
red.

Sceliphron chalybeum Smith.

Cat. Hym. Ins., IV, 229 (Pelopoeus).

Sceliphron laevigatum Kohl. — Denk. d. Math.-Natur. Klasse, Kais.
Akad. d. Wissen., 1906, 21 ; Verh., z-b., ges. Wien, XXXVIII, 155 (Pole-
poem). The antennal joints two to five may be red, or the first three
only ; the mandibles are usually entirely red ; the blue body colour may
be variegated with violet or green.

Sphex L. Kohl.

Sphex luteipennis Mosc.

Moscary, Magy. Akad. Term. Ertek., xiii, 1, 33 ; Kohl, Ann. K. K«
Hof. Mus., V, 225.

Sphex rufipennis. — Andre, Spec. Hym. iii, 151.

Pretoria.

Sphex pelopiiformis Dbm.

Kohl, Ann. K. K. Hof. Mus., V, 372 ; Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Brit.
Mus., IV, 245; Bingham, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), X, 216; Cam.,
Sjostedts.

Sphex longiventris Saus. — Reise Novara, ii, Hym., 37, pi. ii, 21 ;
Gribodo, Ann. Mus. Civ., Genova, XXI, 300.

Pretoria.

Sphex levilabris , sp. n.

Black ; the antennae reddish-brown below ; the four front tibiae
tinged with brown ; the abdomen above distinctly tinged with blue-
violaceous ; wings fuscous- violaceous ; the stigma and nervures black ;
the second abscissa of the radius a little shorter than the first, and half
the length of the third ; the second cubital cellule small, along the radius
hardly half the length it is along the cubitus ; the first recurrent nervure
received shortly before the middle, the second almost interstitial, received
very shortly beyond the transverse cubital ; clypeus short, half longer
than it is wide, about half the length of the labrum ; its apex transverse,
depressed ; labrum smooth, shining, bare ; the apex of clypeus fringed
with long hair ; apex of pronotum with a distinct rounded incision in the
middle ; metanotum finely, closely striated, more strongly on the outer
edge than on the centre ; the upper part of the metapleurae strongly,
obliquely striated; abdominal petiole twice longer than wide. Female.

5

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Annals of the T^nsvaal Museuit.

Length, 23 mm.

Kranspoort. 'December.

Third antennal joint not quite twice the length of the fourth ; tarsal
and tibial spines strong, brownish ; claws unidentate ; the mesopleurae
are obscurely, obliquely striated below the furrow ; the lower basal part
of the metapleurae finely, closely, obliquely striated ; the metapleurae
are tinged with greenish-blue.

Sphex (Parasphex) albisectus Lep.

Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Brit. Mus., IV, 267 ; Kohl, Ann. Hof. Mus.
Wien., V, 1890, 334 .

Kranspoort. November. Taken also at Dunbrody by the Rev. J. A.
O’Neil.

Sphex ( Parasphex ) trichionotus, sp. n.

Black ; the head and thorax densely covered with long grey pubes-
cence ; the third and following segments of the abdomen with a white
pile; the seven basal joints of the antennae, the mandibles, except the
teeth, the tegulae, the dilated apex of the first, the basal three-fourths
of the second abdominal segment, and the legs, except the coxae, the hind
trochanters above, and the upper half of the sides, the hind femora above
and the sides to shortly below the middle, red ; the apex of the sixth and
the seventh abdominal segment of a duller red colour ; wings hyaline,
the basal half tinged with fulvous, the middle with violaceous, the apex
from the end of the radial cellule clouded with fuscous violaceous ; the
costa and the basal nervures rufo-testaceous ; the apical black ; the
second cubital cellule in front one-fourth of the length of the posterior
part ; the second abscissa of the radius two-thirds longer than the third ;
the first transverse cubital nervure obliquely sloped, the posterior half
rounded ; the anterior straight and more sharply oblique ; the recurrent
nervures are received about the same distance from the transverse cubital.
Male.

Length, 19 mm.

Pietersburg. January.

The apex of the clypeus is red, and has a semicircular incision in the
middle, with a couple of small depressions on either side ; eyes slightly
converging below ; mandibles broadly bidentate ; scutellum flat, its centre
impunctate ; metanotum closely, transversely striated ; in addition to
the white hair, the head and thorax are covered with a silvery pile ;
abdominal petiole as long as the hind femora ; the apices of the second
to sixth segments are narrowly banded with obscure white ; the apical
ventral segment is gradually narrowed from the base to the apex, which
is bluntly rounded.

This is a larger and stouter species than S. albisectus Lep. It is easily
separated from it by the antennae, legs, and apex of abdomen being red,
by the incised apex of clypeus, by the second abscissa of the cubitus being
almost of the length of the third, while in albisectus it is only half the
length, and the basal half of the wings is tinged with fulvous ; in albisectus
hyaline like the apex, the nervures and stigma being black throughout
in the latter.

Annals of the Tkansvaal Museum.

139

Sphex (Harpactopus) tyr annus Smith.

Cat. Hym. Ins., Brit. Mus., IY, 264 ; Kohl, Ann. Hof. Mus., Wien.,
V, 349 ; Bingham, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), X, 216.

Neighbourhood of Pretoria. February. Westfalia. December.

Zoutpansberg District

Sphex umbrosus Chr.

Kohl, Ann. Naturh. Hof. Mus., Wien., V, 406 ; Denkschr. d.
Mathe.-Naturwiss. Klasse d. Kaiser. Akad. d. Wissen, 1906, 31 ;
Bingham, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), X, 216.

Sphex taschenbergi Magretti. — Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat., Genova, (2)
1, VI.

Sphex metallica Taschenberg. — Zeits. f. d. g. Naturwiss. Halle, XXXIV,

414.

Sphex erebus Kirby. — Bull. Liver. Mus. iii, 15, 5 ; Forbes, Nat. Hist,
of Sokotra and Abd-el-Kuri, 240, 12, pi. XV, f. 2.

Kranspoort. December.

Both the forms metallica and taschenbergi occur in Cape Colony.
Mr. Krauze’s example is the var. metallica — erebus.

Sphex (Isodonta) jansei, sp. n.

Black ; the head, thorax, and base of legs densely covered with longish
pale-grey pubescence ; the abdomen with a grey pile ; mandibles, except
the teeth, the apex of clypeus, the centre broadly (the red colour extending
near to the middle in the centre), the sides narrowly, antennal scape,
tegulae, and the legs, except the coxae, greater part of the trochanters,
a streak on the basal outer half of the fore femora, the basal three-fourths
of the middle behind, and the hinder with more than three-fourths, black ;
wings hyaline ; the apex infuscated in front from the end of the radial
cellule to the lower part of the third transverse cubital nervure, and the
second transverse basal ; the hind wings have the apex slightly infus-
cated ; the second transverse cubital cellule large, of equal width, the
two transverse cubital nervures straight, oblique, parallel, the third
roundly, broadly curved from the top ; the third abscissa of the radius
as long as the first, about one-fourth as long as the second, less than the
space bounded by the first recurrent and the second transverse cubital ;
the first recurrent nervure received near the apical fourth, the second at
the apex of the basal third, i.e., at a distinctly greater distance than is
the second ; abdominal petiole fully four times longer than wide, about
one-fourth longer than the hind coxae. Male.

Length, 23 mm.

Pretoria. February.

Eyes slightly, but distinctly converging below ; clypeus clearly longer
than wide, its apex transverse ; hinder ocelli separated from each other
by a greater distance than they are from the eyes ; puncturation on the
head and thorax sparse, minute ; the metanotum finely, weakly, trans-
versely striated ; tibial and tarsal spines rufous ; apical abdominal seg-
ment bluntly rounded above and below ; the penultimate transverse.

Of the African species known to me the present comes nearest to
L meruensis Cam., which may be known from it by the wings, costa, and

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Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

basal alar nervures being fulvous, the scuteliums rufous, as are also the
basal six joints of the antennae ; the second cubital cellule is longer along
the radius and cubitus than along the transverse cubitals, the third
abscissa of the radius distinctly longer than the first, and about one-third
of the length of the second, and the pleurae and the ventral surface of the
abdomen are largely rufous.

Sphex (I sodonta) transvaalensis , sp. n.

Black ; the head, thorax, base of abdomen and of the legs densely
covered with black hair ; the clypeus with a silvery pile ; wings fuscous-
violaceous ; the nervures black ; the second cubital cellule large, oblique,
of almost equal width ; the first and second transverse cubital nervures
oblique, the first slightly curved below the middle, the anterior part
straight ; the second straight, oblique ; the first recurrent nervure received
near the apex of the cellule, the second near the apex of the basal third ;
the second recurrent nervure is broadly curved outwardly with a short
straight branch at its junction with the cubitus ; claws stoutly bidentate
at the base ; the last ventral and dorsal segment broadly rounded, the
latter with a fine keel down the middle at the apex ; the penultimate
ventral segment with a large triangular incision extending to its base ;
scutellum smooth in the centre, where there is a distinct shallow furrow ;
metanotum alutaceous, the apical slope more strongly than the rest. Male.
Length, 17 mm.

V. d. Merwe. December.

Mandibles bidentate, reddish to the teeth ; clypeus with the centre
margined and transverse at the apex, the sides broadly rounded ; it is
slightly longer than it is wide at the apex, the top is obscurely keeled in
the middle ; eyes distinctly converging above ; ocelli separated from
each other by a less distance than they are from the eyes ; a fine furrow
leads down to them, and there is an oblique one running to the outer ;
the centre of the inner orbits is bordered with silvery pubescence ; abdom-
inal petiole three times longer than wide.

Ampulex Jurine.

Ampulex jansei, sp. n.

Blue ; the head, pleurae, scutellum, apical segments of abdomen and
legs, black, as are also the antennae ; the underside of antennal scape,
apex of clypeal keel, and the mandibles, rufo-testaceous ; wings hyaline ;
the nervures black ; a longish triangular cloud at the transverse median
nervure, a shorter squarish one at the top of transverse basal touching
the costa, one filling the basal third of the radial cellule, except in front,
one in the apex of the first cubital cellule touching the transverse cubital
nervure and filling the anterior three-fourths, the second cubital cellule
entirely, this cloud extending into the discoidal, where it is twice its size ;
the second cubital cellule is about one-fourth longer along the cubitus
than along the radius ; apex of cubital cellule rounded ; the first recurrent
nervure is received nearer the first transverse cubital than is the second
from the second. Female.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

141

Length, 17 mm.

Petersburg. November.

A stout keel runs from near the centre of the front to the inner side
of the antennae. There is a triangular and a shorter rounded tooth on
either side of the centre of the clypeus ; the third joint of the antennae
is almost as long as the following two united ; pronotum longer than it
is wide at the apex, which becomes gradually raised in the middle into a
bluntly rounded point ; the sides are bluntly margined ; the central keel
on the metanotum runs to the base of the apical fourth ; the second con-
verges roundly towards the apex ; the third and fourth are united at the
base ; there is an irregular reticulated part at the apex of the first keel ;
the rest of the metanotum is closely, transversely striated ; the apical
slope is irregularly reticulated, the sides at the top projecting into stout,
triangular teeth ; the upper part of the metapleurae is stoutly, irregularly,
obliquely reticulated, the reticulated band gradually widened towards
the apex ; the rest is smooth ; the first abdominal segment has a distinct,
twice wider than long, petiole ; the second is of the same width at the base
as it is at the apex, and has the sides rounded ; claws dilated to shortly
beyond the middle, the apex narrowed, curved ; tarsi closely, strongly
spinose ; spurs dark- testaceous ; on the depressed base of the pronotum
are two stout, rounded keels ; the silvery pubescence is dense on apex
of pronotum, post-scutellum, apex of mesopleurae and of metapleurae,
and the apical abdominal segments ; the hair on the head, thorax, and
legs is long and white.

Allied to A. nebutosa Sm.

Dolichurus Latr.

Dolichurus denticollis , sp. n.

Black ; the apex and centre of clypeus, mandibles, the antennae and
tarsi, rufo-testaceous ; the apical joints of the antennae darker-coloured
than the others ; wings hyaline ; the nervures and stigma black ; a fuscous
cloud behind the submedian nervure, and a narrower one, narrowed in
front, behind the posterior part of the transverse basal, one filling the
radial cellule, one, obliquely narrowed behind, beyond the middle of the
first cubital cellule, one almost filling the second, and a semicircular one
in front of the second recurrent along its anterior three-fourths ; tegulae
fuscous ; the head, thorax, and legs covered with white down. Female.

Length, 6 mm.

Head opaque, finely, closely punctured, the inner orbits with a narrow,
irregularly stiiated band ; hind ocelli separated from each other by half
the distance they are from the eyes ; pronotum alutaceous, the depressed
sides thickly covered with depressed silvery pubescence ; the centre from
the teeth furrowed, and bearing large, round, clearly separated punctures ;
the apex transverse, furrowed ; the centre of mesonotum with a large,
strongly punctured band, nearer the base than the apex ; the furrows
are complete ; metanotum irregularly, transversely striated, with a
central and three lateral longitudinal keels ; the central straight, the

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Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

second converging towards its middle, the outer two more irregular ;
pro- and mesopleurae opaque, alutaceous, densely covered with white
pubescence ; the metapleurae smooth, shining, bare, with a stout oblique
keel above the middle on the basal half ; metanotal spines almost as long
as they are wide at the base ; abdominal petiole almost twice longer than
wide.

Helioryctes Smith.

Helioryctes quadridentatus, sp. n.

Black ; the abdomen and the legs, except the coxae and trochanters,
rufo- testaceous ; the palpi dark- testaceous ; the wings dark fuscous-
violaceous ; the nervures and stigma black ; the clypeus with two short
stumpy teeth on either side of the middle ; the coxal spine three-fourths
of the length of the coxa, curved, narrowed towards the apex, which is
testaceous ; the tibiae with three rows of spines, the central row being
the longer ; the basal fourth bears no spines ; the tarsi thickly, stoutly
spinose, the four anterior more thickly than the posterior ; the long spur
of the hind tibiae extends shortly beyond the middle of the metatarsus
the anterior tibiae with the spines shorter and sparser than on the others ;
outer orbits, lower part of front and clypeus densely covered with silvery
pubescence ; head and pro- and mesothorax closely, somewhat strongly
punctured, the propleurae more weakly, the mesopleurae more strongly
than the mesonotum, the latter with a deep, curved, crenulated furrow
down the apex of the basal fourth ; there is a crenulated furrow between
the scutellum and post-scutellum ; the depressions bordering the latter
irregularly striated ; the large semicircular area on the base of metanotum
has a longitudinally striated band on the base ; the rest is rather stoutly
irregularly reticulated ; the outer side is more widely, longitudinally
striated, the outer keel ending in a short tooth ; the apical slope is irregu-
larly, transversely striated, the striae stronger on the outer edge; meta-
pleurae rather strongly, closely, obliquely striated, the striae more widely
separated above than below ; the abdomen becomes gradually narrowed
towards the apex ; the basal two segments are weakly, the others more
strongly punctured, the last more strongly than the penultimate, and
with the sides keeled ; ocelli in a triangle, the hinder separated from each
other by a slightly greater distance than they are from the eyes, to which
they are united by a narrow, oblique furrow ; a smooth line runs down
from them to the antennae. Female.

Length, 15 mm.

The first transverse cubital nervure is, below the pedicle, roundly
curved backwards, the second is longer and obliquely sloped ; the third
is less roundly, obliquely sloped ; mandibles closely, irregularly, obliquely
striated.

The generic description given by Smith is defective, in as much as
he has omitted to state that there is a spine on the hind coxae. The genus
is not mentioned by Kohl in his generic revision of the Fossores, beyond
copying Smith’s .description (Ann. K. K. Hof. Mus., XI, 387). Bingham,
in his description of the Indian species (Fauna of Brit. India, Hymen, i,

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143

271) states that Smith’s West African H. melanopyrus has a long coxal
spine. He also states that in the British Museum there is another species
which stands in the collection under the name of Paranysson abdominale
Guer., the description of which is very slight. In the Indian species ( H .
assimilis Bing.) the coxal spines are mere tubercles. There is no mention
made by Smith of the four clypeal teeth found in my species, nor by
Bingham in his Indian one.

Gorytes Latr.

Gorytes transvaalensis, sp. n.

Black ; covered with a white primrose pile ; the antennal scape’
and the basal three or four joints of the antennae except on the top, the
apex of the clvpeus, the sides more broadly than the centre, the basal
half of the mandibles, almost the lower third of the inner orbits broadly,
a line, widened laterally, on the apex of the pronotum, tubercles, tegulae,
apical third of the scutellum, a narrow line dowm the apex of the pro-
pleurae, a band, triangularly widened backwards to near the base on the
apex of the first abdominal segment, a narrower one, slightly dilated
laterally on the second, a still narrower one, not dilated, on the third,
almost the apical half of the fourth, the whole of the fifth and sixth and
the sixth ventral, an irregular spot on the mesopleurae close to the tuber-
cles, the legs, except the femora above, the hind tibiae and the basal joint
of the hind tarsi, rufo-testaceous ; wings hyaline, the radial cellule, except
narrowly at the base, the second cubital cellule except narrowly behind,
and the anterior fourth of the third, fuscous-violaceous ; the stigma testa-
ceous; the transverse anal nervure in the hind wing interstitial. Female.

Length, 6 mm.

V. d. Merwe. December.

Vertex from the posterior ocelli and the front bearing fine, but distinct
punctures, which are larger and more numerous on the front than on the
vertex ; eyes slightly converging above, the hinder separated from each
other by a little greater distance than they are from the eyes ; mesonotum
distinctly, but not very closely punctured ; scutellum with a few weak
punctures in the centre ; metanotal area clearly defined and bearing about
thirteen keels, the lateral and central reaching to the apex, the others to
shortly beyond the middle ; the rest of the metanotum is punctured like
the mesonotum, as is also the mesopleurae ; the propleural furrow is
striated closely on lower half ; there is a curved punctured band on the
base of the metapleurae, the rest bears fine, scattered punctures ; pygidial
area smooth at the base, the centre somewhat strongly punctured, the
apex more or less irregularly striated ; the dorsal segments of the abdomen
are weakly, sparsely punctured ; the second ventral strongly punctured,
the others more weakly punctured, except at the base ; there are four
long spines on the basal joint of the fore tarsi, and one on the second and
third ; the hind tibiae and tarsi are sparsely covered with whitish yellow
spines ; apex of clypeus sinuated, depressed, clearly separated ; third
autennal joint not quite double the length of the fourth-

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Stizus erythraspis, sp. n.

Black ; the greater part of the head, of the pro thorax, scutellums,
the apices of the third and following dorsal segments of the abdomen, a
line down the middle of the fourth and following the greater part of the
ventral surface, the antennae and legs, ferruginous ; the antennal scape,
face, clypeus, except a ferruginous large mark on the top, roundly narrowed
in the middle, labrum, mandibles, except the apex, a line on the apex of
the pronotum, an oblique line, narrowed inwardly, in the centre of the
first abdominal segment, on the outer third, and larger, wider spots, of
almost equal width and rounded on the inner side in the centre of the
second, third, fourth, and fifth, and similar spots on the sides of the third
and fourth ventral segments, yellow ; head, thorax, and base of abdomen
densely covered with longish white pubescence, the rest of abdomen with
the pubescence shorter and sparser ; wings hyaline, largely tinged with
fulvous, especially in front ; the first transverse cubital nervures straight,
oblique, the second and third oblique, roundly curved ; the first recurrent
nervure is received shortly before the middle ; the second is broadly,
roundly curved outwardly on the front half, and is received close to the
apex of the cellule ; the median cellule in hind wings emits two nervures.
Female.

Length, 22 mm.

Waterval No. 211, Zoutpansberg District. November.

Head distinctly narrower than the thorax ; clypeus wider than long,
but not double ; eyes slightly converging below ; labrum wider than
long, raised in the centre ; malar space very short ; the sides of the meso-
notum, the top of mesopleurae narrowly, and the tubercles, are ferruginous ;
tibiae and tarsi strongly spinose ; hinder ocelli separated from each other
by double the distance they are from the eyes ; tegulae ferruginous in front,
yellow behind ; mesonotum and scutellum finely and closely punctured ;
the lower part of the occiput is black, the line widened in the middle.

This species comes close in some respects to S. dewitzii Handl., a Cape
species, but is larger ; the two may be separated thus :

Antennae broadly black in the middle, head and prothorax for the greater part black?
the scutellums and legs at the base black, the wings tinged with fuscous, the
nervures black. Dewitzii , Hand.

Antennae, head, and scutellums ferruginous, the legs not black at the base, the wings
hyaline, tinged with fulvous, the nervures fulvous. Erythraspis.

Bembex Oliv.

Bernbex olivata Dbm.

Handlirsch, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien., cii (1893), 812, pi. ii, f. 17,
pi. v, f. 23 ; Bingham, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, X, 1902, 211.
Olifants Biver.

Bembex capensis Lep.

Handlirsch, l.c. supra , 853, 94, T. iii, f. 4, 26.

Olifants River.

Bembex testaceicaudo,, sp. n.

Black ; the head, thorax, and base of abdomen densely covered with
longish white pubescence, the hair on the front and vertex whiter, more

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145

silver in colour than the rest ; basal three-fourths of the mandibles, labrum,
clypeus, a line on the lower inner orbits extending above to the ocelli,
the line roundly incised in the middle and obliquely narrowed above, two
small transverse lines of equal width below the ocelli, a line on the outer
orbits, the upper half obliquely narrowed, the prothorax, except for an
interrupted line on the pronotum and two or three small spots on the
propleurae, a line along the sides of the mesopleurae, a narrower interrupted
one on the sides and apex of the scutellum, a large irregular line on the
middle of the mesopleurae, narrowed above, becoming gradually widened
below at the base and apex, the basal projection longer than the apical,
which is roundly incised above, the whole lower part being roundly, broadly
incised ; the metapleurae yellow, with a large oblique mark on the basal
half ; the lower part narrowed and roundly curved ; the yellow on the
pleurae is tinged with rufous ; abdomen with pale olive-yellow bands on
the apical half of the segments ; the last segment is entirely rufous ; the
basal black bands on the second and third segments are dilated semi-
circularly on either side of the middle ; the apical bands are dilated at
the base in the centre, those on the third and fourth longer and more
sharply so ; ventral surface black ; the first segment with a broad trans-
verse yellow band on the outer edge, the second to fifth with smaller
triangular ones, also on the outer side ; the last with the apical half
rufous ; legs yellow ; the tibiae and tarsi tinged with rufous ; the
coxae and trochanters more or less black behind, the fore knees slightly,
the four hinder more distinctly, a line on centre of the fore femora behind
on the lower part, a short one on its base, and a broader line on the posterior
femora above, and the pulvillus, black ; antennal scape pale-yellow ; the
flagellum rufous, black above ; wings clear hyaline ; the nervures black ;
the centre of the clypeus is rufous, with two irregularly pyriform black
spots on the upper half.

This species is not unlike B. capensis Lep. That species may be
known by the clypeus being for the greater part black, bv the mesopleurae
being black, by the yellow on the abdomen not being pallid olive, and by
the ventral segments having continuous yellow bands.

Philanthus Latr.

Philantlius triangulum F., v. diadema F.

Bingham, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), X, 212.

Pretoria. January and November. Stellenbosch (Broom). The Stel-
lenbosch example wants the central branch of the frontal mark.

Philanthus spilaspis, sp. n.

Black ; the clypeus, except its lower side, the face, the cheeks ; the
mark on the latter sharply projecting upwards on the outerside and more
shortly and broadly in the middle ; basal two-thirds of the mandibles ;
a line on the lower half of the outer orbits, narrowed slightly and gradually
below, broadly, bluntly bilobated above ; a line on the sides of the pro-
notum, slightly narrower than the dividing central part, tegulae, a small
squarish spot on the middle of the scutellum, and three small marks on

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the lower part of the front ; the central broader and irregular ; the latteral
more transverse and curved, pale yellow ; abdomen red ; the basal
segment black, except at the apex broadly in the middle ; the black lateral
apical part projecting inwardly at the apex ; the sides and ventral surface
largely suffused with orange yellow ; legs yellow, suffused with rufous ;
all the coxae and trochanters, the basal half of the fore femora, the
middle to near the apex and the whole of the hinder, the hind tibiae, and
the basal half of the basal joint of the hinder tarsi, black ; wings fuscous-
violaceous ; the stigma and nervures black ; the first and third abscissae
of the radius almost equal in length and about one-fourth longer than the
second ; the first recurrent nervure is received shortly beyond the middle ;
the second at less than half the length of the third abscissa of the radius
from the second transverse cubital nervure ; the area on metanotum
closely, somewhat strongly, transversely reticulated, with a stronger keel
running down the centre ; it is triangular, and is as long as it is wide at
the base ; the pubescence is pale and is longer on the metanotum and
ventral surface of the abdomen than elsewhere ; the fine furrows bordering
the clypeus are broadly rounded at the sides above and below ; apex
of clypeus broadly rounded ; the sides not projecting. Female.

Length 15 mm.

Pretoria. January.

Head, thorax, and abdomen at the base closely and somewhat strongly
punctured ; the third and following segments of the abdomen with the
puncturation weaker and becoming gradually weaker towards the apical.
This species, of those known to me, comes nearest to P. loeflinqii Dbm.,
or what I make out that species to be. The main difference between them
may be best shown in synoptical form.

The yellow on the face projecting at the sides obliquely on to the front, which is
immaculate ; the furrows bounding the clypeus forming acute angles ; the meta-
notal area smooth and shining ; the yellow on the outer orbits ; a small oblique
mark twice wider outwardly than it is along the eyes ; the mandibles with a small
yellow mark ; the greater part of the scutellum and a line on the post-scutellum
roundly narrowed behind and a longish mark on the upper half of the mesopleurae ;
only the basal half of the first abdominal segment black, the black trilobate at the
apex, the legs black, except for a line on the apical half of the fore femora and
one on the middle tibiae below. Hoeflingii Dbm.

The yellow on the face not projecting laterally on to the front, which bears three
small yellow spots ; the furrows bordering the clypeus rounded at the angles ; more
than the basal half of the mandibles yellow ; metanotal area reticulated, opaque,
the outer orbits with a long broad yellow line ; scutellum with small squarish mark
in the middle ; post-scutellum and mesopleurae immaculate ; the first abdominal
segment black to near the apex ; the legs with the four front femora in part ; the
four front tibiae and the greater part of the tarsi rufous-yellow. Spilaspis Cam.

Philanthus trichiocephalus , sp. n.

Black; the head densely and, to a less extent, the thorax covered
with white pubescence, the hair on the metanotum longer and denser
than it is on the rest of the thorax ; the clypeus, except for a small
squarish mark on the centre of the apex, which is prolonged laterally into
a curved line ; on the sides is a large mark, as long as it is wide above, the
top with a rounded incision on the innerside ; it is narrowed below and
is separated from the lateral projection by a narrow black line narrowed
outwardly ; above the central mark on the face is a small mark, rounde,d

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147

above, transverse below, and closely united to the clypeal mark — all pale
yellow. On the lower half of the front is a large mark, gradually, roundly
narrowed below from the top, and with an incision in the centre below,
longer than wide and slightly narrowed below ; a narrow continuous line
on the apex of the pronotum ; a narrow line on the post-scutellum ; a
large transverse mark on the sides of the second abdominal segment, the
apex roundly, irregularly narrowed from the outerside to the base, the
two marks extending close to the middle of the segment ; a narrow line on
the apex of the second ; a slightly broader one on the third ; a still broader
one, dilated in the middle, and one of equal width, and twice wider than
long, on the centre of the fourth — pale yellow. The basal three joints of
the flagellum, the apical joint, a broad line on the outer orbits, roundly
narrowed in front, commencing on the outer half of the vertex and extend-
ing halfway down the eyes ; the mandibles, tegulae, and the basal and
apical segments of the abdomen, red. Legs of a similar red colour, the
coxae, trochanters, and the base of the femora narrowly and irregularly,
black ; the outerside of the four hinder tibiae and the tarsi pale yellow ;
the apices of the tarsal joints red. Wings fuscous- violaceous, the hinder
pair paler ; the radial cellule darker tinted ; the stigma rufo-testaceous ;
the second abscissa of the radius one-half of the length of the first, and
hardly one-fourth of the length of the third ; the first recurrent nervure
is received at the apex of the basal third, the second at the apex of the
basal sixth of the cellule ; the cubital nervure in the hind wings inter-
stitial. Male.

Length 12 mm.

Middelburg town.

Head and thorax closely, rugosely punctured; the vertex more strongly
than the front and the scutellum and metanotum more strongly than the
mesonotum. Clypeus sparsely punctured. There is a narrow, distinct,
roundly curved furrow shortly above the middle of the mesopleurae. Eyes
converging above, separated there by the length of the basal three joints
of the antennae ; they are margined on the innerside and have a slight
incision above the middle.

The affinities of this species are with P. flavolineatus Cam., from
Kilimandjaro ; the two may be separated as follows : —

Two short lines on the lower part of the front ; the flagellum entirely reddish below ;
the clypeus immaculate ; the third abscissa of radius fully one-half the length of the
third ; the first recurrent nervure received beyond the apex of the basal third ; a
narrow yellow line on the apex of the second abdominal segment ; the line on
the fifth not dilated broadly in the middle, not wider than on the fourth, that on
the fifth small and rounded at the base ; the legs without yellow.

Flavolineatus Cam.

A large mark, widened above, on the lower part of the front ; the flagellum only reddish
at the base ; the clypeus with a black mark in the centre below ;-the second
abscissa of the radius one-fourth of the length of the third ; the first recurrent
nervure received at the apex of the basal third ; no line on the apex of the second
abdominal segment ; the line on the fifth widened and wider than on the fourth ;
that on the fifth large and transverse at the base ; the legs largely yellow.

Tricliiocephalus.

Philanthus transversus, sp. n.

Black ; the head in front below the antennae ; the yellow laterally
continued upwards above the antennae ; the line obliquely narrowed

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upwards, the top transverse ; a three-pronged mark above the face on the
front, its base broad, large, the central line longer, narrower, and
straighter than the others, the greater part of the scutellum, and post-
scutellum, whitish-yellow ; a broad mark on the outer apical third of the
first abdominal segment wider transversely than longitudinally ; the
sides of the second, the mark narrowed to a small square at the base,
clearly separated | from this it becomes gradually, roundly widened to
the apex ; a broad transverse mark, rounded at the base, on the third
and fourth, the third united by a narrow line along the apices of the
segments ; the apical segments and the second and following ventral
segments, except for brownish lines on the apices, bright orange-yellow ;
the antennal scape below ; the malar space ; the outer orbits entirely
below, more broadly above ; the line continued along the vertex to near
the outer ocelli ; the line separated from the eyes on the upper half ; the
tegulae, a narrow line on the apex of the first abdominal segment ; the
second broadly in the middle, more narrowly on the outer side, where it
separates the black in two, red; four front legs red, the middle tibiae
yellow ; the hind coxae, trochanters, and femora black ; the tibiae yellow ;
the tarsi pale red ; wings hyaline ; the apex narrowly and slightly smoky ;
the costa, stigma, and nervures pale testaceous; the second abscissa of
the radius shorter than the first and one-half the length of the third ; the
first recurrent nervure is received very shortly before the middle of the
cellule. Male.

Length, 8-9 mm.

Densely covered with a short white pile; closely, rather strongly,
punctured, the clypeus much more weakly than the rest ; apex of clypeus
transverse ; area on metanotum large, opaque, punctured like the other
parts ; the bounding furrows weakly indicated, and there is a shallow,
indistinct furrow down the middle ; base of metapleurae aciculated, the
rest closely reticulated ; the head is less closely punctured than the thorax,
and the abdomen not so closely as the latter.

This species may be separated from the known South African forms
by the transverse apex of the clypeus.

Cerceris Latr.

Cerceris erythrospila, sp. n.

Black ; the underside of the antennal scape, a band on the apex of
the third abdominal segment, narrowed in the middle, laterally occupying
the half of the segment, and the sixth, except at the sides, yellow ; the
underside of the antennal flagellum, mandibles except the teeth, tegulae,
the sides and the apex, more widely of the first abdominal segment, and
the greater part of the four hinder coxae, rufous ; the four front tibiae
anteriority and the tarsi pale yellow ; the apical joints of the four anterior
tarsi tinged with rufous ; the hinder tarsi black, except the basal three-
fourths of the basal joint; wings hyaline; the apex with a smoky violaceous
cloud at the apex of the radius and more broadly beyond the apex of the

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149

third transverse cubital nervure; metanotal area strongly, longitudinally
striated ; pygidium strongly, irregularly punctured, the apex smooth,
depressed. Male.

Length, 8 mm.

Face and clypeus densely covered with silvery pubescence ; the rest
of the head and the thorax densely covered with white hair ; apex of
clypeus in the centre almost trilobate ; the lateral lobes yellow ; punctura-
tion strong and close, except on the ventral surface of the abdomen, where
it is fine and sparse, the segments being also more or less aciculated ;
first abdominal segment three times longer than wide; the hypopygium
widely incised, the lateral margins longish, triangular; there is a semi-
circular spot on the sides of the third ventral segment at the apex.

Cerceris armaticeps, sp. n.

Ferruginous ; the apical abdominal segments darker coloured, the
antennal keel, a broad line, slightly narrowed towards the top, on the
lower half of the inner orbits, the clypeus, except the central part all
round and the inner half of the outer, a broad line on the inner half of the
mandibles, a line on the apex of the pronotum, post-scutellum, a spot
on the basal half of the tegulae, the sides of the first abdominal segment,
the line gradually widened towards the apex, a line on the apex of the
second, narrowed gradually inwardly, the centre of the segment with a
row of dots, a broad band on the third, narrowed towards the centre,
laterally extending to the apex of the basal fourth, the greater part of
the second ventral and a broad line, narrowed inwardly, on the outer
third of the third ; wings hyaline ; the radial cellule and the outer cubital
fuscous- violaceous, the costa and stigma fulvous, the nervures blackish ;
both the basal two transverse cubital nervures are roundly curved ; the
first recurrent nervure is received at the apex of the basal third of the
cellule. Female.

Length, 12 mm.

Warmberg. December.

The central upper part of the clypeus armed with a distinct triangular
tubercle or tooth ; tripartite, the upper part projecting outwardly, the
lower (and larger) obliquely sloping inwardly ; the labrum semicircular,
bordered by a stout clearly separated keel, the central part flat ; metanotal
area stoutly, obliquely striated, except at the apex, where the striae are
transverse ; head and thorax closely, rather strongly, punctured ; pro-
pleurae with curved striae ; mesonotum longitudinally striated, the
scutellum more strongly striated ; the upper basal part of the metapleurae
with fine curved striae, the lower half aciculated ; abdomen strongly,
closely punctured ; the pygidium about four times longer than wide,
closely punctured, the centre finely, irregularly reticulated, the ventral
incision wide, widened towards the apex, commencing shortly behind the
middle; the sixth to the eleventh joints of the antennae are black above.

Cerceris jansei, sp. n.

Rufous ; the apical third of mandibles, the front, the mark extending
as a small triangle behind and between the ocelli, a large mark on the outer

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three-fourths of the outer orbits on the lower third, base of pronotum,
mesonotum, the metanotal area except the outer basal half narrowly,
a smaller triangular mark above it, the narrowed end above, the pro-
pleurae except at the apex above, the mesopleurae except the tubercles
and an oval mark immediately below them ; the mesosternum, meta-
pleurae, a large irregular spot in the centre of the fourth and fifth segments ;
the apex of the pygidium, a line, rounded at the base, on the apical two-
thirds of the fourth ventral ; a large triangular one on the fifth and the
greater part of the sixth, black ; the basal four dorsal segments are tinged
with yellow; wings hyaline, distinctly tinged with fulvous; the costa,
stigma, and nervures rufo-fulvous ; the first recurrent nervure is received
shortly before the middle ; the apex of the wings, from the apical trans-
verse nervures, fuscous-violaceous ; metanotal area at the base obliquely,
at the apex transversely, striated. Male.

Length, 15 mm.

Waterval No. 211, Zoutpansberg District. November.

The clypeus projects roundly and obliquely on the lower three-fourths ;
the base is flat and is bordered above by a semicircular furrow ; it becomes
narrowed towards the apex, which is transverse and depressed; the sides
are densely covered with pale golden pile from the top of the face, which
is sparsely, weakly punctured and tinged with yellow on the inner half;
the head, except the oral region, is closely, strongly punctured ; the lower
part of the outer orbits is more or less striated ; propleurae with a few
longitudinal striae, the rest of the thorax closely, strongly punctured,
the punctures on the pleurae running into reticulations ; abdomen sparsely
punctured, the punctures becoming weaker towards the apex ; pygidium
almost impunctate, the basal two-thirds becoming slightly narrowed,
the apex more distinctly narrowed ; the incision in the hypopygium
extends close to the middle ; it becomes slightly, gradually narrowed
inwardly, the base being rounded.

This species is nearly related to the Cape C. melanospila * Cam. ; they
may be separated thus : —

The black on the front extending behind the eyes ; the metathorax entirely black ; the
metanotal area entirely, obliquely striated. Melanospila.

The black on the front not extending to the end of the eyes ; the metanotum laterally
red ; the metanotal area not entirely, obliquely striated. Jansei.

Cerceris O’Neili Cam.

Trans. South Afr. Phil. Soc., XV, 220.

Pretoria. November.

Cerceris heterospila, sp. n.

Black ; the clypeus, a broad line extending from shortly above the
middle of the eyes to the mandibles, the antennal tubercle, basal half of
mandibles, a spot near the middle of the antennal scape, a transverse
oval mark on the sides of the apex of the pronotum, tegulae, post-
scutellum, an irregular spot on the base of the second abdominal segment,
a larger transverse one on the sides at the apex, the three forming a triangle^

* Transactions South African Phil. Soc., XV, 221.

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151

a band on the apex of the third, narrowed in the middle, broadly, roundly
dilated, laterally, the greater part of the sixth, the band rounded laterally,
and a small spot on the sides of the second to fifth ventral segments, yellow ;
legs black ; the greater part of the apical half of the fore femora, the
apical fourth of the middle, and the tibiae and tarsi lemon-yellow ; the
apical joints of the fourth front tarsi, and the apex of the basal joint of
the hinder, rufous; the apical three-fourths of the second joint of the hinder
tarsi and the whole of the others black ; wings hyaline ; the apex from the
third transverse cubital nervure black ; the stigma and nervures black ;
metanotal area rugosely reticulated, furrowed down the centre ; the third
to eighth and the apical joint of the antennae rufo-fulvous. Female.

Length, 8 mm.

Strongly, closely punctured, densely covered with white pubescence ;
clypeus longish bell-shaped, transverse below, minutely tuberculate in
the middle ; first abdominal segment three times longer than wide ; basal
two-thirds of the pygidium strongly, deeply punctured, the punctures
distinctly separated ; following the punctures is an aciculated space, there
being a row of punctures on the apex, which is transverse ; the sides and
apex are bordered by a depression.

The spot on the base of the second abdominal segment may be absent,
and there may be narrow — more or less narrow — lines on the sides of the
fourth and fifth segments.

Crabro Fab.

Crabro simillimus Sm.

Cat. Hym. Ins. Brit. Mus., IV, 393, 7.

Pretoria. March to July.

Probably common. The species is a Rliopalum, and is no doubt
variable as regards the yellow markings, e.g. there may be a transverse
irregular line on the S3utellum, and the lines on the fourth and fifth
segments may be absent ; there is a stoutly crenulated furrow at the base
of the metanotum, which has an indistinct triangular area ; the sides are
bordered by a furrow ; the area may be more or less striated ; the mandibles
may be entirely black or have a reddish band near the apex ; ocelli in a
triangle, the hinder placed opposite the end of the eyes ; they are separated
from each other by about the same distance as they are from the eyes ;
the pubescence on the head and thorax is dense.

Passaloecus Shuck.

Passaloerus striatijrons , sp. n.

Black ; the antennal scape except above tubercles, the fore tibiae
in front and the base of the four posterior pallid yellow ; wings hyaline ;
the nervures and stigma black ; front slightly depressed, covered closely
with roundly curved striae ; there is an irregular keel outside it, united to
the eyes bv some weak transverse striae; the face, clypeus, and outer
orbits covered with silvery pile ; on the apex of the clypeus, in the centre,
is a short tubercle ; at the base of the scutellum is a wide, crenulated
furrow, with a keel in its centre, dividing it into two ; metanotum, except

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the apical slope, irregularly reticulated, the central and basal reticulations
larger than the others; the apical slope opaque, surrounded by a stout
keel, which forms a semicircular area ; abdominal petiole stout, as long as
the dilated apical part of the segment, along the ventral part of which it
is continued as a stout keel ; base of thorax transverse, stoutly keeled,
the keel clearly separated behind ; ocelli in a curve, the hinder separated
from each other by double the distance they are from the eyes. Female.

Length, 4*5 mm.

The first transverse cubital nervure is obliquely sloped, a little rounded ;
the second is roundly curved outwardly ; the second recurrent nervure
is received near the middle of the cellule. Parapsidal furrows complete.

Trypoxylon Latr.

Trypoxylon lissonotum, sp. n.

Black; smooth, shining, the head, thorax, and femora covered with
long, white pubescence ; the face and elypeus densely with depressed
silvery pile ; wings hyaline, the nervures black ; base of metanotum bare,
smooth, and shining; from its outer edge run two oblique keels, which
unite at the apex, forming a longish triangular area ; a wide, smooth, not
very deep, furrow commences at the end of the smooth part ; from the
outerside of the triangular area runs a shallow oblique furrow, with some
transverse keels, the two not uniting at the apex ; the space enclosed by
them is irregularly, not very strongly, striated ; the apical slope is opaque,
deeply, widely furrowed, the furrow widest above ; the sides are irregularly,
obliquely striated ; metapleurae with a smooth, shallow furrow below ;
above this it is somewhat strongly, closely, obliquely striated, the striae
more or less intertwining ; upper half of front with distinct, shallow* round,
clearly separated punctures, this part having a shallow furrow down the
centre ; first abdominal segment as long as the thorax and not much shorter
than the following three segments united. Female.

Length, 10 mm.

Pretoria. April.

Palpi blackish, fus ous towards the apex ; the apex of the cubitus is
roundly curved downwards ; the recurrent nervure being received at the
base of this curve ; calcaria black.

Pison Spin.

Pison transvaalensis , sp. n.

Black ; covered with silvery pubescence, dense on the elypeus and
forming bands on the apices of the abdominal segments ; wings hyaline,
the nervures black ; the second cubital cellule triangular ; the pedicle
slightly longer than the lower branches ; the first broadly rounded ; the
second straight, oblique ; the first recurrent nervure received shortly
beyond the first transverse cubital ; the second interstitial ; the second
abscissa of radius one-fourth of the length of the first ; the first and second
united are hardly so long as the third ; the metanotal furrow with the
basal and apical branches wide, the latter extending to the apex ; the
basal branches strongly, the apical not quite so strongly, distinctly, and

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153

more closely transversely striated ;. the triangular part separating the
basal furrows is prolonged as a stout keel down the basal half of the apical
furrow ; the rest of the basal part of the base is coarsely alutaceous, almost
punctured, the apex irregularly, transversely striated; the apical slope
is more strongly, transversely striated; the metapleurae closely, rather
finely striated ; head, pro- and mesothorax closely, distinctly punctured ;
the clypeus more finely than the front, its apex smooth and shining, broadly
rounded ; the hinder ocelli are separated from each other by a less distance
than they are from the anterior ; mandibles with a red band near the
middle ; the third and fourth joints of the antennae are equal in length ;
the abdomen is more finely and more closely punctured than the thorax ;
the basal segments more distinctly than the apical. Male.

Length, 7 mm.

Pretoria. July and November.

In one example the first recurrent nervure is received in the apex of
the first cubital cellule.

This species may be known from the others known to me from the
Cape by the apex of the clypeus being broadly rounded, not pointed or
toothed.

Pison denticeps, sp. n.

Black; covered with silvery pubescence; the apex of the clypeus
with a distinct triangular tooth in the middle ; wings hyaline, the nervures
black ; the first transverse cubital nervure roundly oblique ; the short
second either entirely obliterated or indicated by a stump in front ; the
first recurrent nervure received in the apex of the first cubital cellule ;
the second interstitial broadly, roundly curved ; the second abscissa
of the radius about one-fourth of the length of the first ; the metanotum
has on either side of the base a strongly crenulated furrow, narrowed
outwardly; the longitudinal furrow is wide, longish triangular, finely,
closely, obliquely striated, and with a fine keel down the middle; the
apical slope is more strongly, transversely striated ; the sides bordering
the basal furrow are finely, closely, rugosely punctured and irregularly
striated, especially on the basal half ; metapleurae finely, closely striated,
the striae rounded at the base ; head, pro- and mesothorax finely, closely
punctured ; the base of the abdomen is finely, closely punctured. Male.

Length, 5 mm.

Transvaal.

The third and fourth joints of the antennae are equal in length ; the
spurs are fuscous, at least at the base.

Pison clypeatus, sp. n.

Black ; covered with silvery pubescence ; the apical three or four
joints of the tarsi rufo-testaceous ; the tegulae fuscous ; wings hyaline ;
the stigma and nervures black ; the pedicle of the second cubital cellule
shorter than the nervures, which are roundly curved, the first a little
longer than the second ; the cellule is moderately large and is longer along
the transverse cubitals than along the cubitus ; the first recurrent nervure
is received very shortly before the transverse cubital ; the second is
interstitial and broadly, roundly curved ; the first abscissa of the radius

6

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Annals of the Tkansvaal Museum.

is twice the length of the second ; base of metanotnm with a straight central
and four or five irregular stout oblique striae ; the central furrow is about
four times longer than wide and is aciculated ; the basal part of the
metanotum is strongly aciculated, and the metapleurae strongly, closely,
obliquely striated ; pro- and mesonotum finely, closely punctured ; their
pleurae much more strongly punctured ; the longitudinal furrow on the
mesopleurae wide, slightly curved, closely punctured ; there is a narrower
furrow at its base, extending above and below it ; base of abdomen very
finely, minutely punctured. Female.

Length, 7 mm.

Warmberg No. 211, Zoutpansberg District. October.

Clypeus in the centre gradually narrowed to a sharp point ; the sides
brc ^,dly , roundly curved inwardly / mandibles broadly red in the middle ;
the third joint of the antennae is fully one-fourth longer than the fourth.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

155

DIPLOPTERA.

VESPIDAE.

ICARIA SAUSS.

Icaria cincta Lep.

Gerstacker, v. d. Decken’s Reise in Ost-Afr., 1873, p. 324 ; Bingham,
Ann. and Mag, Nat. Hist., (7), XII, 48 ; Schletterer, Ann. d. 1. Soc. Ent. de
Belg., XXXV, 28 ; Magretti, Ann. d. Mus. Civ. di Storia Nat. di Genova,
XIX, (2), 35 ; Stadelmann, Die Hym. Ost. Afrikas, 1897, 33, 17 ;
Zavattari, Boll, di Zool. ed Anat. Comp. d. R. Univ. di Torino, XXII, 2.
Warmberg No. 211, Zoutpansberg District. September.

Icaria capensis Sanss.

Stett. Ent. Zeit., XXIII, 139.

Waterval. . December. Rietfontein. November. Zoutpansberg.

POLISTES LaTR.

Polistes maculipennis Saus.

Bingham, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), XII, 48.

Mpah. Yele Poort. May. One Queen.

Polistes marginalis Fab.

Gerstacker, v. d. Decken’s Reise in Ost-Afr., 325 ; Gribodo, Ann.
Mus. Civ. Genova, XVI, 328, i (2), 286; Bingham, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(7), XII, 48 ; Magretti, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, (2), XIX, 36 ; l.c. i, 607 ;
Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Science, Phil., 1896, 555 ; Stadelmann, Die Hymen.
Ost-Afr., 34, 22; Gribodo, Rassen. d. Imen. race. N. Mozambico, 1894, 127 ;
Cameron, Sjostedts, Kilimandjaro-Meru, Exped., Hymen., 169.

Polistes plebeia. — Gerstacker, v. d. Decken’s Reise, 325, 20.

Pretoria. January. Rietf. Waterval. November.

Three specimens all different in coloration, one being the form
figured by Saussure, Vespides, i, pi. VI, f. 2 ; the second paler, more
testaceous in colour, and almost without the apical alar cloud, the third
chocolate coloured.

Polistes smithii Saus.

Gerstacker, Peter’s Reise N. Mozamb., Zool. V, 470; Gribodo, Ann.
Mus. Civ. Genova, XXI, 287; Bingham, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. XII, (7),
48; Schletterer, Ann. d. 1. Soc. Ent. de Belg., XXXV, 29; Stadelmann,
Hym Ost-Afrikas, 34 ; Kohl, Mittheil. Nat. Mus. Hamb. X, 2 ; Cameron,
Sjostedt’s Kilimand.-Meru Expedition, Hymen., 169.

Rietfontein. December.

Belonogaster Sauss.

Belonogaster grisea Fab.
Bingham, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), XII, 47.

B. pictus, Kohl. Ann. K. K. Hof. Mus. IX, 324.

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Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

B. rufipennis, Sauss. — Vespides, ii, 235 (non D.G.).

Warmberg. September.

Belonog aster juncea, Fab.

Gerstacker, Peter’s Reise N. Mossamb. Zook, V, 468; Magretti, Ann.
Mns. Civ. Genova, XXII, 599; Kohl, Ann. K. K. Hof. Mus., XI, 336;
Bingham, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), XII, 48.

Lemana. October.

EUMENIDAE.

Raphiglossa Sauss.

Raphiglossa flavo-ornata Cam.

Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc., XV, 231.

Muckleneuk. Pretoria. November.

Eumenes Latr.

Eumenes maxillosa D.G.

Bingham, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), X, 219 ; Cam., Sjostedt’s
Kilim, and Mern Exped., Hym., 177 ; Sanssnre, Grandid. Hist. Mag., XX,
pt. i, 153 ; Fox, Proc. Acad. Science. Phil., 1896, 554.

Eumenes tinetor, Gribodo. — Ann. Mus. Civic. Genova, XXI, 293; l.c.
XVI, 241 ; Magretti, l.c. (2), i, 609 ; Schletterer, Ann. Soc. Ent. de Belg.,
XXXV, 19.

Warmberg. March. Zebedela. Petersburg. February.

Eumenes lucasia Sauss.

Bingham, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), X, 220 ; Cameron, Sjostedt’s
Kilim, and Meru Exped., Hym., 178.

Zethus favillaceus Walker. — Hist. Hymen., Egypt, 1871, 28.

Zethus broomi Cam. — Records Albany Mus., i, 110.

Eumenes rufolineata, Cam.

Records of the Albany Mus., i, (4), 206 ; Sjostedt’s Kilimand. and Meru
Exped., Hymen., 181.

Pretoria. March. Warmberg. February.

Eumenes maculinoda, sp. n.

Black ; covered with white pile ; the clypeus, a small spot between
the antennae, a short narrow line on the top of the outer orbits, antennal
scape except above, a line on sides of pronotum, two short lines on post-
scutellum, a line on the apex of first abdominal segment, and one on the
second all round, light yellow ; the basal slope of pronotum and its centre
above between the yellow lines, the underside of first abdominal segment,
a large mark, obliquely narrowed at the base, on the sides above, and two
irregular, roundish marks on the apex of the second ventral, red ; the
third and fourth ventral of a paler red colour ; legs reddish ; the apex of
the four anterior femora and the tibiae in front yellow ; wings hyaline ;

Annals of the Tkansvaal Museum.

157

the apical half of the radial cellule smoky ; the stigma and nervures
black. Male.

Total length, 7 mm.

Pretoria. October.

Underside of flagellum of antennae brownish, darker at the base,
the hook being also brown ; head and thorax closely, strongly punctured ;
post-scutellum opaque, alutaceous, bluntly, obliquely narrowed towards
the apex ; apex of metanotum transverse, alutaceous ; the sides rounded,
a narrow, clearly defined furrow down the centre ; metapleurae smooth,
pruinose ; first abdominal segment about one-third longer than it is wide
at the apex, the basal slope oblique, alutaceous ; the second segment
about one-half longer than it is wide at the apex, narrowed at the base ;
the apex more strongly punctured than the rest.

Eumenes ornativentris, sp. n.

Black ; densely covered with white pubescence, the antennal scape,
the flagellum except above, mandibles, clypeus, except for a black line,
narrowed below, in the centre of the upper three-fourths ; a minute spot
between the antennae, a slightly larger one on the top of the outer orbits,
prothoraax, tegulae, base of post-scutellum broadly, two spots close to
each other and placed obliquely, on the sides of the metanotum ; near
the top, the abdominal petiole, except its basal fourth, the black there
not extending to the outer edge, the sides of the apical two-thirds broadly,
the black central line narrowed towards the base, 'and sharply, obliquely
at the apex, which does not reach the end of the segment ; a large semi-
circular mark on the basal half of the second segment ; the red continued
as a narrow line to the apex, the apices of the third, fourth, and fifth
broadly, the whole of the sixth, of the basal ventral ; two marks on the
base and apex of the second, and the greater part of the others, red ; a
narrow yellow line on the top of the first and a broader one all round on
the second ; legs red ; the hinder trochanters and the base of the femora
black ; wings hyaline, streaked with violaceous in front ; the stigma and
nervures black. Female.

Total length, 11 mm.

Waterval. November.

Clypeus about one-third longer than wide, its centre punctured, the
obliquely sloped sides more finely punctured, the apex depressed, broadly,
but not deeply roundly incised ; the furrow on metanotum wide, becoming
gradually widened towards the apex ; first abdominal segment thick,
about three times longer than it is wide at the apex, the basal third
narrowed ; the second is almost twice longer than it is wide at the apex ;
the apex is slightly reflexed and is more strongly punctured than the rest ;
the base is roundly narrowed.

Eumenes janseii, sp. n.

Black ; largely marked with red and yellow ; red are the basal six
joints of the antennae, mandibles, tegulae, legs, the first abdominal
segment, except the base, and a pyriform black mark in the centre of the
apex; the second segment to near the middle, the greater part of th§

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penultimate, and the whole of the last ; yellow are the clypeus, a curved
line on the lower part of the eye incision, a mark between the antennae,
its lower part dilated laterally, the basal half of propleurae, its apex
irregularly narrowed, a longish mark down the apex of the mesopleurae,
narrowed below and with irregular edges, the base of the upper part
rounded and with a shallow incision below, the centre of the scutellum
broadly, the line of equal width, apical half of post-scutellum, the sides
of the metanotum broadly, a transverse mark on the sides of the apex
of first abdominal segment, having the black mark between them, a broad
line on the apex of the basal fourth of the second segment, extending close
to the middle, similar, but narrower, lines on the third and fourth, and
narrow lines, narrowed in the middle, on the apices of the second to
fourth ventral segments, pale yellow ; wings hyaline, broadly fulvous in
front, the radial cellule fuscous- violaceous ; the costa and stigma fulvous.
Female.

Total length, 23 mm.

Buttons Kop. October.

Head and thorax closely, but not very strongly punctured, densely
covered with white pubescence ; clypeus almost smooth, not one-quarter
longer than wide, its apex broad, transverse ; apex of post-scutellum
broadly, roundly narrowed ; furrow on metanotum shallow, not widened
towards the apex ; it is distinct on the apical half only.

Allied to E. lepelitieri Sauss. and E. merueusis Cam., from which it
may be known by the base of the second abdominal segment being broadly
red and without a black longitudinal line ; the yellow colour is paler, and
the transverse black line on the second segment is broader and nearer the
middle ; while the black line down the centre of the second ventral is
absent from the two species mentioned.

Eumenes lepeletieri Saus.

Gerstacker, v. d. Decken,- Reise in Ost-Afr., 1873, 322; Gribodo, Ann.
Mus. Civ., Genova, XXI, 292 ; Magretti, l.c., XXI, 611 ; Andre, Spec.
Hym. Eur. ii, 632 ; Bingham, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), X, 219.

Rietfontein. October.

Eumenes pulchripennis, sp. n.

Black ; the antennae except the apical joints above, mandibles except
at the apex, clypeus, a narrow line on the eye incision, a wider one on the
outer orbits, prothorax, tegulae, apical half of scutellum, post-scutellum,
the metanotum except the edges and the central furrow broadly, the
sides and the outer edges above of the apical three-fourths of first
abdominal segment and the second segment narrowly all round, red ;
the legs of a slighter lighter red, their hind tarsi fuscous; wings fuscous-
violaceous ; the nervures and stigma black ; the second abscissa of the v
radius one-fourth of the length of the third ; the second transverse cubital
nervure broadly, roundly curved. Female.

Total length, 17 mm.

Kranspoort-. December.

Antals of the Transvaal Museum.

159

Head and thorax closely, strongly punctured ; the head more closely
and not quite so strongly punctured as the thorax, except the clypeus
which is more strongly and less closely punctured than the front ; it is
as wide as long and has the apex transverse ; base of thorax transverse,
margined ; apex of post-scutellum smooth, gradually bluntly narrowed
towards the centre at the apex ; sides of meta thorax broadly rounded,
the central furrow wide, slightly widened towards the apex, where its
sides are oblique and striated ; it is covered with white pubescence ;
abdominal petiole as long as the head and thorax united, slightly narrowed
at the base ; the base of the second segment is distinctly narrowed ; the
second segment is bell-shaped and is longer than it is wide at the apex ;
hinder ocelli separated from each other by about the same distance as
they are from the eyes ; palpi reddish and bearing a few stiff longish hairs.

Eumenes spilocera, sp. n.

Black ; the antennae, except the scape above and the greater part of
the sixth to ninth joints, the mandibles, clypeus, the greater part of the
space between the antennae, a broad curved line in the centre of the
eye incision, the prothorax, tegulae except near the base, scutellum
except at the apex, post-scutellum except at the base, metanotum except
in the centre, the black central line dilated at the base, a large mark on
the mesopleurae, the part of it below the furrow smaller than that above
it and narrowed obliquely below a longish mark below the hind wings,
the first abdominal segment except for an irregular line on the apical
fourth above, the line obliquely narrowed at the base and apex, the
basal part longer than the apical, a large mark on the sides of the basal
half of the second, the apical third except irregularly in the centre, and
the sides and apex of the ventral surface broadly, irregularly, red ; wings
hyaline, fulvous behind the costa ; the radial cellule fuscous- violaceous ;
the nervures black ; the stigma testaceous ; the second abscissa of radius
one- third of the length of the third, which is roundly curved towards the
costa. Female.

Length, 14 mm.

Olifants Rivier.

There is a broad yellow line on the inner eye orbits extending from
the top of the clypeus to near the end of the lower part of the incision ;
an irregular line on the face below the antennae ; a narrow line on the
upper half of the outer orbits, not reaching to the top, and the keels at the
sides of the scutellum, yellow ; clypeus clearly longer than wide, the apex
broad, transverse ; it is sparsely, weakly punctured ; front and vertex
closely, but not very strongly punctured ; a smooth space at the oeelli,
the hinder of which are separated from each other by a slightly greater
distance than they are from the eyes ; thorax densely punctured and
covered, especially above, with white pubescence ; metanotal furrow
hardly widened towards the apex, the sides broadly rounded ; abdominal
petiole clearly longer than the head and thorax united ; apex of post-
^cutellrum bluntly, roundly narrowed,

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The two black and red species described above are closely related
to E. lucasia Sauss. The three may be separated thus : —

A yellow line on the pronotum, and on the apices of the basal two abdominal segments)
the four front legs streaked with yellow ; wings hyaline, except slightly along the
fore margin ; the clypeus not transverse. Lucasia.

Thorax and legs without yellow, the wings largely fulvous or violaceous, the
clypeus transverse ; wings uniformly fuscous-violaceous, the clypeus strongly
punctured, as wide as long ; tegulae strongly punctured ; stigma black.

Pulchripe nn is.

Wings fulvous, the apex fuscous, the stigma testaceous, the clypeus smooth, longer
than wide, tegulae smooth. Svilocera.

E. lucasia Sauss. has been taken by Mr. Janse in the Transvaal. It
is one of the most widely distributed of the African species of Vespidae.

Synagris Latr.

Synagris mirabilis Guer.

Bingham, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), XII, 47.

Kranspoort. December. Groenvlei. January.

Synagris xanthura Saus.

Stadelmann, Die Hym. Ost-Afr., 29 and 39; Cameron, Sjostedt’s
Kilimandjaro and Meru Exped., Vespidae, 183 ; Magretti, Ann. di Mus-
Civ., Genova, (2), i, 613.

Waterval. April.

Synagris calida L.

Zoutpansberg. Waterval. November.

Rhynchium Spin.

Rhynchium signiferum , sp. n.

Rufous ; the underside of the antennal scape, clypeus, mandibles,
face, a large spot on the lower half of the front, transverse above, but with
four slight, rounded dilatations, gradually narrowed from the top to the
bottom, where it is united to the yellow on the face, the mark being wider
than long, a line on the lower edge of the eye incision and the mandibles,
bright yellow ; a narrow line bordering the frontal yellow mark, a large
mark on the front and vertex, extending laterally almost to the eyes,
gradually narrowed to a point behind, united to the black occiput by a
narrow line, mesonotum, basal three-fourths of the scutellum, a narrow
line bordering the base of the metanotum, the mesopleurae except for
a semicircular mark at the top above, and a longish line, narrowed above,
on the lower apical three-fourths, mesosternum, basal slope of first
abdominal segment, and the second, third, and fourth, the second largely
tinged with rufous laterally, a longish triangle in the centre of the second
ventral, and the whole of the third and fourth, black ; legs of a paler red,
the four hinder coxae and femora black behind ; wings hyaline, suffused
largely with fulvous in front ; the radial cellule violaceous ; the apical
nervures black ; the posterior and stigma fulvous. Male,

Length, 14 mm.

Waterval. November.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

161

Front of the head weakly and sparsely, the outer orbits much more
strongly and closely punctured ; the clypeus smooth, a little longer than
it is wide ; the apex with a shallow, rounded incision ; thorax closely
punctured, the metapleurae finely, closely, obliquely striated, except at
the base ; there are some scattered punctures ; the first and second trans-
verse cubital nervures approach closely in front ; head and thorax densely
covered with white pubescence, which forms a longish fringe on the apex
of the metanotum laterally ; there is a small triangular tooth on the centre
of the hind coxae behind ; antennal spine, long, stout, and curved.

Rhynchium perfidiosum , sp. n.

Deep black ; the underside of the flagellum of the antennae dark red ;
the second and following segments of the abdomen light, reddish brown ;
wings uniformly fuscous- violaceous. Female.

Length, 14 mm.

Waterkloof. December.

Clypeus a little longer than wide, sparsely, weakly punctured, the
apex transverse ; the upper part of the head and the thorax closely
punctured ; post-scutellum prominent, the apex bluntly striated ; the
first abdominal segment is cup-shaped ; the second is as long as broad,
smooth ; claws testaceous.

The male has the clypeus yellow, tinged with testaceous ; it is as wide
as long and has the apex transverse ; the antennae are reddish testaceous,
dark fuscous above ; there is a large black mark, obliquely widened above,
on the basal two-thirds of the second segment ; in both sexes there is a
large, semicircular depression on the basal half of the second ventral
segment, rounded, with a slight incision in the centre ; it becomes gradually
narrowed from the top on the apical slope ; metanotum bluntly rounded ;
the lower edge bears two blunt teeth, united below ; shortly beyond these
is a stout keel ; the scutellums are alutaceous, impunctate ; the base and
the apex more narrowly of the mesopleurae are smooth ; the centre is more
deeply and closely punctured than the mesonotum ; the metanotum is
more strongly, more rugosely punctured than the mesonotum ; the centre
is closely, not very strongly punctured.

Rhynchium stironoium, sp. n.

Head and thorax dark ferruginous, a curved transverse line across
the ocellar region, reaching to the eyes, roundly, bluntly, shortly dilated
in the middle behind, and more longly and narrowdy in front ; the lower
and larger part of the mesopleurae and the whole of the metapleurae,
black ; abdomen orange-yellow ; antennae rufous, the apical two or three
joints above ; legs dark red, the tarsi lighter coloured ; wings fuscous
violaceous; the stigma and nervures biack. Female and male.

Length, female 14 mm. ; male 13 mm.

Waterfontein. November. Zoutpansberg.

Clypeus, except above, strongly, but not closely punctured , the
apex with a rounded incision, the outer edges forming triangular teeth ;
the upper part of the head and the thorax closely, rather coarsely

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punctured ; the mesopleurae more deeply and strongly punctured than
the mesonotum ; the metanotum sparsely punctured at the base, more
strongly and closely at the ape-x ; post-scutellum short above, crenulated,
the apex with a steep slope and strongly punctured ; there are two keels
down the centre of the mesonotum ; they converge towards the apex,
and are more distant from the base than from the apex.

The male is similarly coloured, except that the clypeus is yellow, is a
little longer than wide and has a rounded incision ; there is a more distinct
black mark on the base of the abdomen ; it is obliquely narrowed behind.

Rhynchium fallax Saus.

Vespides, iii, 175.

Pretoria. January.

Saussure says that the sides of the metathorax are armed with three
spines, which is the case with the above recorded example ; but above the
three are two shorter ones united at the base, followed by two short stumpy
tubercles ; the upper two of the three are of the same size, but the second
is thicker ; the lower one is shorter ; there is a slight depression on the
apex of the scutellum in the centre ; apex of post-scutellum broadly rounded

Rhynchium transvaalense, sp. n.

Black ; the antennae, the head except the stemmaticum, an irregular
mark below it, a spot outside the upper edge of the eye incision, prothorax,
the sides and apex of the scutellum, post-scutellum, metathorax, the
upper half and the lower third of the apex of mesopleurae, the last
abdominal segment, the basal ventral, the tegulae and legs, red ; wings
hyaline, slightly tinged with yellow in front to near the parastigma, fuscous-
violaceous beyond. Female.

Length, 17 mm.

Waterval. January.

Clypeus pyriform, slightly longer than wide ; the apex depressed,
margined by keels, transverse, sparsely, weakly punctured ; prothorax
distinctly punctured, the punctures clearly separated ; the basal half of
the mesonotum weakly, sparsely punctured ; the rest and the scutellum
smooth ; the base of the post-scutellum smooth ; the rest coarsely
punctured, the apex with a steep slope ; the sides of the metanotum are
smooth at the base, the rest rather strongly punctured, the punctures
round and clearly separated, intermixed with striae on the innerside ;
the apex on the outerside is armed with three short stout teeth ; meso-
pleurae strongly, closely punctured, the metapleurae much more weakly
and sparsely punctured ; abdomen punctured, the middle segments more
strongly and closely than the others.

Rhynchium marginiscutis , sp. n.

Black ; the antennae except the apical three joints above, the head
except a squarish mark incised in the middle below, and the occiput, the
prothorax, tegulae, apical fourth of scutellum, post-scutellum, metathorax,
upper half and apex of mesopleurae and legs, red ; the basal and apical
segments of the abdomen and more or less of the ventral surface of a-

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

163

darker red ; wings hyaline, tinged with yellow, to near the parastigma,
the rest fuscous- violaceous ; the costa and basal nervures fulvous, the
stigma testaceous ; head and thorax covered with white pubescence, the
abdomen with a white pruinose pile. Female.

Length, 13 mm.

Warmberg. December.

Clypeus pyriform, as long as wide ; the apex depressed, shortly, but
distinctly bidentate, strongly, closely punctured, the top and sides smooth ;
front and vertex strongly, closely punctured, except behind the ocelli,
where it is much more finely and sparsely punctured ; thorax strongly
and closely punctured, except on the base of the metapleurae where it is
smooth, the rest being sparsely and much less closely punctured ; the outer
edges are serrate ; the apex of the scutellum is depressed, the depression
crenulated and forming a distinct border ; apex of post-scutellum broadly
rounded ; the second transverse cubital nervure is almost straight and
is obliquely sloped.

Apart from the differences in coloration and in size, this species
may be known from R. transvaalensis by the strongly punctured meso-
notum and scutellum ; by the crenulated border on the apex of the latter,
and by the broader, more strongly punctured clypeus. A more closely
allied species is R. meyeri Cam. from Meru, Massai Land ; it is larger, the
clypeus is longer and is more finely and closely punctured ; the black
mark on the vertex is transverse in front and is narrowed behind ; the
mesopleurae are only red above the basal longitudinal furrow, there are
three stout teeth on the sides of the metonotum ; the apical five joints
of the antennae are black and the basal segment of the abdomen is black.

The affinities of this species and transvaalense are with laterale F.
(africanum Saus.) and meyeri Cam. The following table shows the
salient points of distinction between them : —

1 (4) Thorax strongly punctured above.

2 (3) Black mark on vertex narrowed behind, transverse in front ,

apical five antennal joints black, metanotum with three
lateral teeth, basal segment of abdomen black, length 16
m.m.— Meyeri Cam.

3 (2) Black spot on vertex not narrowed behind, incised in front ;

apical three antennal joints black, metanotum untoothed ;
basal segment of abdomen rufous, length 12 m.m. —

marginiscutis .

4 (1) Thorax smooth above.

5 (6) Antennae with the apical joints not marked with black, the

pleurae immaculate, sides of abdomen yellow. — Laterale F.

6 (5) Apical joints of antennae black above, pleurae largely black,

the sides of abdomen not yellow. — Transvaalense.

Odynerus Latr.

Odynerus determinate, sp. n.

Black ; the clypeus, a mark, twice longer than wide, widened and
rounded above and with a minute point in the middle, on the lower half

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of the front, a small spot behind the top of the eyes, the antennal scape
and the first joint of the flagellum below, a line on the base of the thorax,
narrowed in the middle, a narrow line on the apex of the first abdominal
segment, with an oblique oval spot united to its base on the outer edge,
a wider line on the second all round, the ventral one with two rounded
incisions on the base, and lines on the sides of the third, fourth and fifth,
yellow ; legs yellow ; the coxae and trochanters black behind ; the four
front femora brownish behind at the base, the hind femora black ; wings
hyaline ; the apical two-thirds of the radial cellule fuscous- violaceous ; the
stigma and nervures black. Male.

Length, 7 mm.

Waterval. December.

Clypeus sparsely, distinctly punctured ; the apex with an incision
which becomes gradually narrowed from the apex to the base, i.e. almost
triangular ; head and thorax closely punctured ; the base of the meta-
pleurae with a smooth triangular space, sparsely punctured on the base,
on the lower part ; sides of scutellum with a broad raised longitudinal
keel on the sides ; the sides of the post-scutellum with a blunt tubercle ;
the scutellum has an oblique slope ; in the middle of the apical two-thirds
is a smooth line which becomes gradually widened towards the apex ; the
apex of the post scutellum is bluntly rounded ; the first and second
segments are finely, closely punctured ; the base of the second more
sparsely than the rest ; there is a more strongly punctured band on the
apex.

Odynerus tegularis, sp. n.

Rufo-testaceous ; the antennae darker coloured, a narrow line round
the sides and base of the mesonotum, the scutellar depression and a
triangular spot covering the depression, an irregular spot on the basal
half of the second abdominal segment, and a line dilated at the base, on
the basal half of the third, black ; wings fusoous- violaceous, the posterior
paler. Female.

Length, 10 mm.

Saleka. February.

Clypeus a little longer than wide, the apex broad, transverse, strongly
punctured ; the puncturation on the head and thorax is strong and close ;
the pubescence dense and white ; post-scutellum roundly, broadly
depressed above, the sides projecting into teeth ; the first abdominal
segment is cup-shaped, longer than it is wide at the apex, shortly pedun-
culated ; the second is longer than wide, depressed in the centre of apical
third ; there is a distinctly defined crenulated furrow near the apex, which
is smooth and strongly reflexei ; the basal two segments are closely, strongly
punctured ; almost the apical half of the third and fourth are finely
punctured ; the second ventral segment is more strongly punctured,
except for a large smooth space, furrowed down the centre on the basal
half ; the tegulae are larger than usual and are strongly, closely punctured.

Odynerus penelratus, sp. n.

Black ; the clypeus, a spot, longish, rounded above, gradually narrowed
below, above the antennae, a small spot in the eye incision, a short line

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

165

on the top of the outer orbits, the antennal scape and basal three of
four joints of the flagellum, prothorax, tegulae, slightly more than the
basal half of the scutellum, the mark with an incision in the centre or
the apex, an interrupted line on the post-scutellum, the metathorax,
except the central furrow, the tubercles, the first abdominal segment
exoept at the base and apex, and a more obscure spot on the sides of the
second, red ; a narrow line on the top of the first abdominal segment ;
a wider one, dilated at the sides, on the second, and a triangular spot on
the sides of the second ventral, yellow ; legs red ; wings fuscous-hyaline,
suffused with a deeper violaceous tint in front. Female.

Length, 9 mm.

Rietfontein. August.

Clypeus one-half longer than wide, sparsely, weakly punctured, the
apex with a broad, rounded incision ; front, vertex, and thorax closely,
strongly punctured ; base of thorax transverse, the apex broadly rounded,
densely covered with a white woolly pile ; sides of post-scutellum tuber -
culate at the base, the apex smooth, transverse ; first abdominal segment
triangular, becoming gradually widened from the base to the apex, which
is, as is also the apex of the second, weakly, sparsely punctured ; as are
also, if any thing more strongly, the apices of the third and fourth.

Ody nevus spoliatus , sp. n.

Black ; red are the clypeus, mandibles except the inner edge, a large
triangular mark, wider than long, its apex rounded and with a slight
rounded incision, on the vertex, the lower part of the eye incision, broadly
above, the outer orbits, the line above continued to the ocelli and obliquely
narrowed, the pronotum to near the middle of the pleurae, tegulae,
scutellums, the metanotum except in the centre, the red extending on to
the pleurae, a spot on the mesopleurae between the tubercles and the
furrow, its apex with two oblique slopes, the top one shorter than the
lower ; immediately below it is a longer and narrower oblique line ;
abdomen black ; on the sides of the first abdominal segment is a large
oblique mark, transverse, narrower on the outer than on the inner side,
a similar, but larger mark on the sides of the second, wider on the inner
than on the outer side, the outer side being transverse, through reaching to
the outer edge, the fourth and fifth are red, black at the base, the sixth
is entirely red ; the ventral segments are red, except the base of the fourth
and fifth ; the first segment narrowly and faintly above, the second and
third all round are yellow ; wings fulvous hyaline ; the radial cellule
smoky ; the costa and stigma fulvous ; the nervures black, the basal
paler. Female.

Length, 14 mm.

Kranspoort. December.

Clypeus as broad as it is long, its apex depressed in the middle, almost
shortly bidentate, sparsely, weakly punctured ; the front, vertex, and
thorax closely, somewhat strongly punctured ; apex of post-scutellum
broadly rounded ; sides of metanotum broadly rounded and densely
covered with longish white pubescence ; abdomen smooth, the basal
segment is shortly pedunculated ; the second segment is as wide as long.

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The male has the clypeus, a line on the lower side of the eye incision and
the underside of the antennal scape bright yellow ; the yellow line on the
apex of the third abdominal segment is widely interrupted ; the black
marks on the basal two abdominal segments are shorter and at the apex
do not extend to the outer edges ; there is only a narrow basal band on the
metapleurae ; the yellow line on the apex of the second ventral is dilated
twice in the middle and more largely triangularly at the outer edges.

Odynerus indecor us, sp. n.

Black, with the following parts red: the antennae except the apical
six joints above, the mandibles except the inner edge, clypeus, a mark
almost as wide as long, and slightly, roundly narrowed below, a broad
line round the eye incision, the outer orbits, the line on them continued
more narrowly round the outer edge of the vertex, prothorax, except the
lower fourth, a broad curved line on the scuteilum, commencing laterally
at the basal fourth ; the central apical part narrower, post-scutellum, the
metanotum except the base and centre narrowly, an oblique wide conical
spot on the upper basal part of the mesopleurae ; from its lower edge a
line, widened towards the apex, runs obliquely to the lower edge of the
pleurae ; outside this, near its centre, is a line about one-third of its length ;
above its base is a shorter oblique line, three times longer than wide ;
beyond the top of the last is a smaller spot. The abdomen is red with the
following black marks : a large mark on the first, narrowed in the middle,
the incision gradually narrowed towards the inner side, the basal black
part narrower and broader than the apical, which has the branches sharply
pointed, there is a large, somewhat similar mark in the centre of the
second, the basal part clearly shorter and wider than the apical, both
becoming gradually narrowed obliquely to the middle, a mark on the
middle of the first ventral, narrowed at the base, becoming gradually
widened towards the apex, the third to near the apex and the base of the
fourth narrowly, black ; the apex of the first above, and the second and
third all round, yellow ; wings fulvous-hyaline ; the apex fuscous-
violaceous. Female.

Length, 13 mm.

Dunbrody.

Clypeus as broad as long, closely, rather strongly punctured, the apex
transverse ; the rest of the head more closely punctured and densely
covered with white pubescence ; scuteilum flat ; the post-scutellum with
a curved crenulated keel near the base, its apex broadly rounded ; sides
of metanotum broadly rounded ; second abdominal segment hardly
one-fourth longer than wide ; the abdominal segments are weakly, sparsely
punctured.

Odynerus euryspilus , sp. n.

Black; the antennae, mandibles except on the inner side, clypeus,
a broad mark on the centre of the lower half of the front, its upper part
united to a line on the lower part of the eye incision by one of equal width,
the enclosed black part being oblique, of equal width and longer than
wide • the sides of the vertex behind, through the black on it being

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

167

obliquely narrowed, the outer orbits, prothorax, scutellums, metathorax,
except the base of the pleurae to shortly beyond the middle ; the sides of
the first abdominal segment slightly more broadly than the black central
part, which is of equal width to near the apex, where it is slightly, roundly
narrowed ; the apex projects laterally into a sharply pointed spine ; the
apex narrowly, a large irregularly oval mark on the sides of the second
segment ; the black mark at the base extends to the outer edge, at the
apex it is prolonged as a wider one, not half the length of the basal ; its
centre is roundly curved.

Odynerus scripticeps, sp. n.

Black ; with the following yellow or orange-yellow marks on the head
and thorax : clypeus, mandibles except at the apex, a large triangular
spot on the front, a broad line filling the eye incision, the mark projecting
outwardly above, a broad line on the upper two-thirds of the outer orbits,
obliquely narrowed above and gradually narrowed below, the antennae,
prothorax, tegulae, scutellum, except at the base and apex, post-scutellum,
two large marks on metanotum, extending on to the pleurae, slightly
narrowed and obliquely truncated below, a large broad mark on the
base of the mesopleurae, commencing near the top and reaching to the
top of the lower fourth, the part below the furrow narrower and more
obliquely sloped than the upper one ; the abdomen cloured yellow like
the thorax, with the following black markings : a longitudinal line down
the centre of the first abdominal segment, united to a broader transverse
one at the apex, this apical line not reaching to the apex of the segment
in the middle, on the second is a large mark somewhat like a reversed
Y ; it becomes gradually narrowed from the base to the apical transverse
branch ; this is roundly curved at the base ; the apex roundly dilated on
either side of the centre ; there is a rounded mark on either side of the
third segment ; the first ventral segment is entirely black ; there are two
fuscous or black spots near the apex of the second ; the third to fifth have
broad trilobate black lines ; legs of a paler yellow colour than the body,
the coxae, base of four front trochanters, the whole of the hinder and
the base of the hind coxae, black ; wings hyaline, suffused with fulvous
in front ; the apex fuscous- violaceous ; the costa fulvous ; the stigma
and nervures black. Female.

Total length, 12 mm.

Kranspoort. December.

Clypeus wider than long, closely, strongly, punctured ; the apex with
a shallow rounded incision ; the upper and outer parts of the head and
the thorax closely, strongly punctured ; the apex of the post-scutellum
smooth, transverse, and with a straight, oblique slope ; at the base it is
continuous with the scutellum ; the sides of the metanotum are broadly
rounded ; the first abdominal segment is distinctly pedunculated at the
base, and is a little narrower than the second, which is about one-fourth
longer than wide.

I have a specimen of this species which was named for me by the late
Mr. Frederick Smith, of the British Museum, 0. bellatulus Sauss. I can,
however, see no great resemblance to Saussure’s figure, nor does it agree
with his description

168

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF STAPELIA.

By N. E. Brown, A.L.S., Kew.

Stapelia leendertziae N. E. Brown. Cciules erecti, 7*5 - 10 cm.
longi , 1-1*3 cm. crassly 4 angular es , velutino-puberuli, prope medium
fto rentes et ramosi. Flores bini vel soli tarii. Pedicelli 2-2*3 cm. longi,
4-4*5 mm. crassi , velutini. Sepala 8-9 mm. long a, lanceolata vel
ovata-lanceolata , acuta , velutina. Corolla magna , campanulata lobis
patentibus extra puberula , intra. prof unde transversim rugosa et usque ad
medium tubi pills longis purpureis conspersa , atropurpurea ; tubus
7*5-8 cm. long us , 8-10 cm. diam. ; lobi 5*5 -6*4 cm. longi ,
3*8-4 cm. lati , elongcito-deltoidei , acuti. Coronae exterioris lobi 4 mm.
longi , suberecti , prof unde bifid i , fusco-purpurei ; lobi interiores erecti,
inaequaliter bipartiti, fusco-purpurei, segmentis exterioribus aliformibus
oblongis 6 mm. longis, 4 mm. latis apice denticulatis, segmentis inter ioribus
subulatis.

Habit somewhat lax, with erect stems, decumbent at the base, 3-4 in.
high, f - -g- in. square, with slightly concave sides, toothed at the angles,
velvety-puberulous, flowering near the middle and usually branching
near the place of flowering ; teeth not very prominent, tipped with a
minute rudimentary leaf \ \ lin. long. Flowers usually two together,

sometimes solitary.

Pedicels J-l in. long, 2 - 24 lin. thick, velvety-puberulous. Sepals
4 - 4| lin. long, 1| - 2 lin. broad, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute,
velvety-puberulous. Corolla with a large cup-shaped tube and spreading
lobes, puberulous all over the outside, inner surface everywhere rugose
with very prominent transverse ridges, thinly covered with long dark
purple hairs on the lower half of the cup, glabrous on the upper half and
lobes, dark brownish-purple or blackish-purple ; tube about 3 in. long,
3 — 4 in. in diameter at the mouth ; lobes 2J - 2^ in. long, about 1^ in.
broad at the base, whence they taper in a nearly straight line to the acute
apex, not ciliate. Outer corona lobes about 2 lin. long, sub-erect, divided
to below the middle into two subulate erectly-divergent acute segments,
with or without a minute tooth in the notch between them, glabrous,
purple-brown. Inner corona lobes erect, glabrous, blackish-purple, divided
to the base into an outer oblong w7ing 3 lin. long and 2 lin. broad,
irregularly toothed at the top, and an inner triquetrous-subulate horn
slightly longer than the wing and slightly recurving over it. Follicles
erect, parallel, 4|- 5^ in. long, about fin. thick, fusiform, softly puberulous,
mottled with dark green or dull purple on a lighter ground.

Transvaal : near Heidelberg, Miss B. Leeyidertz, 2464.

Described from a living plant and a flower preserved in formalin, sent
to Kew by Miss Leendertz, who discovered it in November of last year.
The very long cup-shaped tube distinguishes this remarkable species from
all the other known members of the genus, its nearest ally being A. nobilis
N. E. Br., next to which it should be placed in accordance with the
arrangement of the species in the Flora Capensis.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

169

V00RL0PIG BER1CHT OVER DE FOSSILE FLORA VAN HET
DISTRIKT ERMELO.

Door Dr. E. C. N. van Hoepen, M.I.

In de maand Oktober is door de heer C. J. Swierstra fen mijzelf op enige
plaatsen in het Distrikt Ermelo, nit zandsteen, behorende tot de Karroo-
formatie, palaeontologies materiaal verkregen, waaromtrent ik hier enige
mededelingen wil doen.

In de eerste plaats bestaat het materiaal alleen uit planteresten ; fauna
is niet gevonden. Het gesteente, waarin deze flora voorkomt, een grove,
vooral op de laagvlakken zeer glimmerrijke, dikbankige, soms dungelaagde
zandsteen, is zeer ongeschikt om de fijne nervatuur der planteresten op te
nemen, zodat meestal slechts een algemene afdruk met kontourlijnen
aanwezig is.

De eerste indruk, die deze resten geven, is dat ze voor hun af getting
aan een belangrijk water-transport zijn onderhevig geweest. Slechts zeer
zelden vindt men b.v. een ongeschonde blad, terwijl de grote hoop nit
gebroken en gescheurde fragmenten bestaat. Deze resten zijn m.a.w.
afkomstig van plan ten, die op een andere plaats groeiden dan waar nu de
resten gevonden worden.

Het karakter dezer flora is zeer eigen aar dig. Het meest voorkomend
fossiel is een blad met Zamites habitus. Het heeft een afgeronde top, van
nervatuur is echter niets te zien ; duidelik is wel, dat een hoofdnerf
ontbreekt. Onder de nu in dit Museum aanwezige stukken bevindt zich
van deze vindplaats ook een fragment van een Cordaites blad met duidelike
nerven. De Cordciitacce zijn bovendien vertegenwoordigd door talrijke
zaden waarvan twee soorten zijn te onderscheiden. Deze zaden zijn in vorm
zeer goed bewaard gebleven, alleen de oppervlakte is onduidelik. De ene
soort komt in algemene vorm overeen met Cordaispermum Gutbieri , de
andere met de zaden van Cordaiantlms cmomalus. Sphenophyllum is
aanwezig in twee blaadjes van 13 tot 15 mm. lengte en een breedte van
6 mm. aan de top. In het midden zijn ze tot halverwege ingesneden.

Bovendien is een fragment van een stamgedeelte van dit geslacht
aanwezig met slechts een onduidelike knoop. Behalve de genoemden,
zijn er nog vele andere, determineerbare bladen, waarvan echter niet
direkt kon worden uitgemaakt tot welk geslacht ze behoren.

Merkwaardig van deze flora is echter het totaal ontbreken van
Glossopteris. Er is zelfs geen spoor van dit geslacht gevonden. Of dit
aan toevallige omstandigheden moet worden toegeschreven of aan het
werkelik ontbreken ervan kon nog niet worden uitgemaakt.

Binnenkort hoop ik op deze plaats een nadere beschrijving dezer flora
te kunnen geven.

7

170

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

AANTEKENINGEN OVER ENIGE WEINIG BEKENDE
MUNTSTUKJES VAN ZUID-AFRIKA.

Door Dr. J. W. B. Gunning.

In 1892 kwam ik in de Yrijstaat in ’t bezit van drie kleine geldstukjes die
hier afgebeeld zijn.

Op de voorzijde ziet men een vliegende duif met een olijftak in de
bek ; aan de keerzijde in een halve cirkel boven aan het woord Griqua,
under het woord Town. Daartnssen de waarde J, \ en IIIII. Deze drie
stukjes bevinden zich in de verzameling van het Transvaal Museum.
Behalve deze drie bestaat er nog een van tien-pence, van hetzelfde type
als de vijf-pence, behalve dat de waarde is uitgedrukt in arabiese cijfers
44 10” in plaats van romeinse cijfers “X”. De waarden van een kwart- en
een halve-penny zijn geslagen in koper, die van vijf- en tien-pence in zilver.
Of nog andere waarden hebben bestaan heb ik niet kunnen ontdekken.
De enige afbeelding, die ik heb kunnen vinden, is van de waarde van
tienpence.*

Deze geldstukjes zijn klaarblijkelik zeer zeldzaam ;f ik vind de tien-
en vijf-pence stukjes vermeld in Spink’s Numismatic Circular voor 1895,

* The coins and tokens of the Possessions and Colonies of the British Empire. By James
Atkins. London, 1889, p. 245.

f Behalve het Transvaal Museum zijn er in Zuidafrikaanse Museums geen exemplaren
voorhanden, behalve in Kaapstad, terwijl zelfs het Brits Museum in Londen alleen de
waarden van ^ en \ bezit.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

171

p. 1074, waar zij gemerkt zijn R. R. R. (uiterst zehlzaam). Zij zijn niet
geprijsd. In dezelfde Circular voor 1907, bladz. 9934, staan de half- en
kwart-penny verineld, eveneens als R. R. R. en geprijsd respektievelik
voor £4 en £4. 10s.

De geschiedenis dezer munten is min of meer in duister gehuld. De
eerste aantekening daaromtrent is van Rev. John Campbell, die in ’t begin
van de vorige eeuw Zuid-Afrika bezocht voor het Londens Zendinggenoot-
schap.

Hij schrijft* sprekende van de vooruitgang in beschaving van de
Griquas, “ It was likewise resolved, that as they (the Griquas) had no
circulating medium amongst them, by which they could purchase any
small article, such as knives, scissors, clothes, etc., supposing a shop to be
established amongst them, which they were anxious that there should be,
they should apply to the Missionary Society to get silver pieces of different
value coined for them in England, which the missionaries would take for
their allowance from the society having Griqua Town marked on them.
It 'is probable that, if this were adopted, in a short time they would
circulate among all the nations round about, and be a great convenience

Wanneer dit voorstel van de Eerwaarde Heer Campbell tot uitvoering
is gekomen kon niet worden uitgevonden, evenmin hoe groot de uitgave
was, zelfs het Londen Zendingsgenootschap kon hier omtrent geen
uitsluitsel geven. De Eerw. R. Wardlaw Thompson zegt in antwoord op
een aan hem gericht schrijven : “Enige jaren geleden heb ik gehoord van
“ tokens” die door het genootschap geslagen zijn toen de Griqualand
Staat nog in Griqualand West was. Ik geloof dat deze “tokens” in die
tijd in grote getale in gebruik waren, omdat andere pasmunt niet verkrijg-
baar was. De duif en olijftak zijn het zinnebeeld van ons genootschap
daarbij in gebruik van het begin zijner geschiedenis. De “ house flag ”
van ons zendingschip “John Williams” en andere schepen is drie duiven
in zilver op een purpere grond, en op al de uitgaven van ons genootschap
zijn de duif en de olijftak, die een natuurlik symbool zijn van een genoot-
schap, dat de verbreiding van het evangelic ten doel heeft.

Het is jammer dat men in die tijd weinig gewicht hechtte aan het
bewaren van zulke voorwerpen of zelfs van gedrukte boeken, die in
verschillende delen van de wereld door het genootschap gedrukt waren.
Hoewel er een Museum is over meer dan honderd jaren geschiedenis van
dit genootschap, was er geen spoor te vinden van deze munten.”

De enige andere aantekening hieromtrent vond ik in het werk van
“Hofstede”.t “In 1812 werden zij (de Griquas) door Eerw. John
Campbell bezocht, die een reeks van zeer wijze regulaties voor hen
samenstelde, waardoor het Londens Genootschap en het godsdienstige
publiek in Engeland zodanige gedachten kregen van de buitengewone
vooruitgang der beschaving van de bastaards, dat zij werkelik de kosten
en moeiten niet ontzagen om zilver en en koperen stukken gelds voor hen
te doen munten in een tijd, toen die gekleurden niet het geringste denk-
beeld hadden van het nut van een metalen standaard voor waarde, en toen
hun gehele handel met de Kolonie niet zo hoog ging als tot 50 pond
sterling in het jaar.

Om de dwaasheid dezer menslievendheid nog te vergroten, was er een
engelse inskriptie op, terwijl zelfs de kolonisten niets anders dan Hollands
verstonden — engelse woorden, terwijl de enige taal, door de bastaards
gebruikt en door hun zendelingen onderwezen, was de hollandse.

* John Campbell: Travels in South Africa. London, 1815, bladz. 354.
f H. J. Hofstede, Geschiedenis van de Oranje Vrijstaat, 1876, bladz. 89.

172

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

Op de ene kant siond de waarde der munt, op de andere “ Griqua^
town ” en de voorstelling van een duif met een olijftak in haar bek. De
duif des vredes vloog spoedig weg en het geld ging mee, waarvan nooit
een enkele farthing in omloop was.

En de wetten van dat volk ? lezers ! die zijn slechts te vinden in de
beroemde reisbeschrijvingen van die eerwaarde beer zelf

Bij de bovenaangehaalde afbeelding van het tien-pence sink in
Atkins vinden wij het volgende knrieuse bijschrift : —

u Griqna Town

“Griqualand West, in de diamantvelden van Zuid-Afrika. Hetschijnt
op de gewone manier in bezit te zijn gekomen ongeveer in 1850, toen het
ongeveer vier honderd blanke inwoners had. Het was bij de britse
bezittingen in November 1871 ingelijfd. “Bayne” veronderstelt, dat de
volgende “ tokens ” uitgegeven zijn door het Londense ZendinggenooG
schap voor de Griquas, een gemengd ras van Hollanders, Hottentot ten en
Kaffers, die zich in de nabijheid van de Kolonie Natal gevestigd hadden,
Ik heb getracht inlichtingen in te winnen bij de agenten van het genoot-
schap, maar ben niets te weten gekomen dat deze veronderstelling zou
rechtvaardigen ”.

Het was aan de heer Atkins klaarblijkelik evenmin als aan de heer
Bayne bekend, dat de Griqnas in het jaar 1861 overgebracht werden van
Philippolis naar Griqnaland Oost, in die tijd Nomansland genoemd.*

De volgende pnnten zijn derhalve nog niet opgelost : —

In welk jaar zijn de munten geslagen ?

Gedurende welke jaren zijn zij in gebruik geweest ?

Tot welk bed rag is dit geld in omloop gebracht ?

* In verband hiermede is het niet van belang ontbloot hier te vermelden dat door de
Griquas toen zij van Griqualand West naar Griqualand Oost overgebracht waren een soort
Republiek gevormd werd onder Adam Kok, met een bestuur, gelijkende op de republikeinse
regeeringsvorm in de Oranje Vrijstaat.

Dr. L. Peringuey, de geachte direkteur van het Zuidafrikaanse Museum te Kaapstad,
zond mij ter inzage een noot van £1, waarvan een afbeelding hierbij gaat, die deze republiek
in Griqualand Oost meende uit te geven.

Het origineel dezer noot is tans in het Zuidafrikaanse Museum te Kaapstad. Dr. Theai,
hierover ondervraagd, schrijft : —

“ Toen Adam Kok van de Vrijstaat naar Griqualand Oost trok, ging zijn raad met hen?,
mee, en deze nam de naam van “ Volksraad” en was een parodie van die in Bloemfontein”.

De bovenvermelde noot, die te Mont Currey heet uitgegeven te zijn, is klaarblijkelik
door deze “ HoogEd. Volksraad” uitgegeven.

^ n,

OF THE VAN HET

TRANSVAAL MUSEUM

JANUARY, 1911

PRICE : 7s. 6d,

PRETORIA

The Government Printing and Stationery Office

1911

7529 — 22/1 1/1 0 — 500

ANNALS

MEDEDEL1NGEN

OF THE VAN" HET

J’mnsvaal Museum.

Vol. II. JANUARY, 1911. No. 4.

ON THE PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA COLLECTED BY
MR. A. J. T. JANSE, TRANSVAAL.

By P. Cameron.

Very little lias been written on the parasitic Hymenoptera of the
Transvaal. The material collected so industriously by Mr. Janse (whose
study is the Lepidoptera, not the Hymenoptera) forms a very welcome
contribution towards our knowledge of that part of South Africa. In
my paper on the parasitic Hymenoptera of the South African Museum,
Capetown (Annals of the South African Museum, v, 17-186), I was only
able to record, from the material in the museum’s collection, thirteen
species from the Transvaal. I am very glad to be able to record, from
the rearings of Mr. Janse, the larval hosts of a number of the species.

TENTHREDINIDAE.

Arge pretoriaensis, sp. n.

Dark blue, densely covered with a white pile, the sides of the pronotum
to shortly below the middle, the mark triangular, the narrowed end at
the base, the tegulae, a large mark on the upper part of the mesopleurae,
extending from the base to near the apex, the lower part obliquely narrowed
to an acute point from the apex to the base ; the apex rounded, with an
incision in the middle at the oblique furrow ; the antennae darker coloured
than the body, densely covered with black pubescence. Wings hyaline,
iridescent, the nervures and stigma blackish fuscous, the base of the stigma
pale. Female.

Length, 7 mm.

Pretoria. January.

Head hardly, if at all, dilated behind the eyes. Second abscissa of
radius about one-fourth longer than the third, which is of the same length
as the fourth ; the first transverse cubital nervure is fainter than the

174

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

others, the second is slightly roundly curved, the third much more dis-
tinctly so ; the first recurrent nervure is received shortly behind the middle,
the second near the base of the cellule ; the first transverse median nervure
near the base of the apical third. Antennal fovea clearly defined, with
sharp, projecting bounding keels, which approximate, but do not meet,
below. The costal and basal alar nervures are paler than the apical.

Arge transvaalensis, sp. n.

Black, densely covered with a white pile, the upper part of the head
and of the thorax with the black, tinged with blue ; the face, clypeus,
except below, outer orbits, and the prothorax, except narrowly and
irregularly below, yellowish testaceous ; the antennae, palpi, and man-
dibles black ; the abdomen rufo-testaceous, a broad black band on the
sides of the first, second, and fourth to seventh dorsal segments. Wings
hyaline, tinged with yellow, the costa and nervures testaceous, except the
basal two abscissae of the radius, the cubitus except the basal abscissa,
the second transverse cubital and the anal nervure which are black ; the
second abscissa of the radius is about one-fourth shorter than the third,
the first transverse median nervure is received in the middle of the cellule.
Temples distinctly roundly dilated behind the eyes ; there is no antennal
area, only a keel on the inner side of the antennae. Legs with the coxae,
trochanters, femora, base of tibiae narrowly, their apex more broadly, the
apex of the basal two joints of the four front tarsi, the base and apex of
the hinder pair and all the other joints black, the rest testaceous. There
is a fuscous cloud, longer anteriorly than along the radius, in the base of
the radial cellule, one in the apex of the first cubital of equal width at the
base, the basal (and larger) hyaline part being triangular and this cloud
is continued into the second cubital cellule where it is wider along the
cubitus than along the radius.

Allied to A. dirce , Kirby.

Athalia himantopus, Klug.

Jahrb. d. Insect I, 253, 7 ; Kirby, List of Hymen, I, 236 ; Konow,
Wissen. Erbeg. d. Schwed., Zool. Exped. nach dem Kilimandjaro, etc.,
Tenthredidinae, 3.

Waterval. November and December. Zusterstroom, September.
ICHNEUMONIDAE.

ICHNEUMONINI.

Ichneumon transvaalensis , sp. n.

Dark rufous, the central part of the propleurae, the apex of the meso-
pleurae above and more narrowly below, the mesosternum and the base
of the metapleurae, black ; the centre of the mesonotum and of the
metanotum darker coloured than the sides ; legs coloured like the body,
the four anterior tarsi darker coloured, the posterior black. The antennal
scape rufous, the flagellum black, the ninth to eighteenth joints of the
flagellum for the greater part yellowish- white. Wings hyaline, very
iridescent, the stigma rufous, the costa and nervures black ; the disco-
cubital nervure with a minute stump, the recurrent nervure angled above

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

175

the middle and with a short but distinct stump on the outer side of the
angle ; it is received shortly beyond the middle of the areolet, which is
narrowed in front, the nervures almost meeting there ; the transverse
median nervure is received shortly beyond the transverse basal. Head,
thorax (especially the upper part), and legs densely covered with white
pubescence. The areola is clearly longer than wide, the base open, the
apex rounded inwardly, the sides outwardly, the inside in the centre
■irregularly longitudinally, the sides irregularly transversely striated. Head
and thorax strongly, closely punctured, the metathorax more strongly
than the rest, the scutellum less closely than the mesonotum, with its
base smooth. Female.

Length, 11 mm.

Fountains (Pretoria). April.

Basal three segments of the abdomen closely punctured, the first
more strongly than the second, the latter than the third, which is weakly
punctured at the apex. Gastracoeli deep, strongly striated ; the part
between them is more strongly striated than the rest of the segment.

Holcichneumon, gen . nov.

Clypeus transverse, armed in the centre with two small teeth or
tubercles. Labrum prominent. Scutellum not raised above the meso-
notum, its sides stoutly keeled, furrowed inside the keels ; both are
separated at the apex. Metathorax broadly rounded, regularly areolated ;
the areola longish, the basal half of equal width, the apical obliquely
narrowed ; the basal area almost square, of equal width ; the spiracles
longish, linear. Areolet four-angled, the transverse cubital nervures meeting
in front ; disco-cubital nervure broken by a stump ; the transverse median
nervure received shortly beyond the transverse basal. Post-petiole smooth ;
it becomes gradually widened towards the apex ; gastracoeli moderately
large and deep ; the seventh segment is as long as the sixth. Tarsi closely
spinose beneath and with longer spines on the apex. Antennae dilated
towards the apex. Ventral keel on segments 2-4.

Characteristic of this genus are the transverse, bituberculate clypeus
and the "scutellum deeply grooved laterally*

Holcichneumon testaccus, sp. n.

Testaceous, the orbits narrowly bordered with yellow, the face, clypeus,
mandibles, malar space, and pleurae tinged with yellow ; the tips of man-
dibles, stemmaticum and two broad lines on the mesonotum, commencing
near the base and extending to the apex, black, the lines on the mesonotum
bordered with pale yellow ; legs coloured like the body, the hind tibiae
infuscated, their tarsi black. Flaggellum of antennae black, the apex
infuscated, the eleventh to seventeenth joints white. Covered with a
white pile ; the head and thorax closely punctured, the scutellums
smooth ; the lateral furrows on the scutellum deep, bordered outwardly
by stout keels which do not meet behind. Areola fully one-half longer
than wide, the apical half narrowed, the base transverse, the apex rounded
inwardly ; the basal area large, almost square, being of equal width.

176

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

Basal segment of abdomen smooth, the others closely, weakly punctured.
Gastracoeli large, striated outwardly, the inner side deep and smooth.
Female.

Length, 13 mm.

The pubescence is short, sparse, and white. The face and upper part
of the clypeus are strongly, but not closely, punctured ; the front smooth,
the vertex punctured. Thorax closely punctured, the metanotum more
strongly than the rest. Scutellum smooth, the base sparsely, weakly
punctured, each puncture with a hair. The second and following abdominal
segments are weakly closely punctured. The temples are short, obliquely
rounded.

Listrodromini.

Ctenochares, Foer.

Ctenochares xanthomelas, Be.

Cf . Cameron, Annals of South African Museum, Y, 177.

A single example of this widely distributed species.

Cryptinae.

Cryptini.

Osprynchotus, Spin.

Osprynchotos ruficeps, Cam.

Annals of South African Museum, V, 142.

Lemana (Zoutpansberg District). October. One example.

Osprynchotus capensis, Guer.

Cameron, Annals of South African Museum, Y, 142.

Waterval (Zoutpansberg District). January. Bietfontein (Pretoria
District). November.

The male varies in length from 15 to 25 mm.

Alriada, gen. nov.

Areolet pentagonal, twice longer along the radius and cubitus than
along the transverse cubital nervures, the recurrent nervure received in
the middle ; transverse median nervure received behind the transverse
basal ; transverse cubital nervure in hind wings broken shortly below
the middle ; disco-cubital nervure broadly rounded, unbroken. Metanotum
smooth, shining, with two complete keels, the basal farther removed from
the base than is the apical from the apex ; the spiracles small, almost
circular. Mesonotal furrows extending from the base to the apex. Lower
half of face bordered by wide, deep furrows. Clypeus separated from the
face, slightly, broadly depressed in the middle. Labrum prominent,
rounded below. Mandibles depressed in the middle at the apex. Occiput
margined, not transverse. Eyes large, converging below ; the malar
space short. Abdominal petiole becoming gradually, but not much,
widened from the base to the apex, smooth, the second and third segments
closely distinctly punctured, the second raised at the base. Antennae
much longer than the body, slender, slightly thickened towards the apex,

Annals of the Teansvaal Museum.

177

near which, is a broad white ring. Legs slender, the fore tibiae more than
twice the length of the tibiae. Claws short. Metaplenral keel complete,
stout. Head wider than the thorax.

The type of this genus is a slender, uniformly luteous species, with
clear hyaline wings. I refer it to the Mesostenini from the form of the
areolet, which, although larger than is usual with that tribe, has the second
nervure faint and it is not narrowed in front as it is in the Cryptini. There
• is no described genus with which it can be compared. Characteristic is the
face with the sides deeply furrowed and the depressed clypeus.

Alriada spilocephala, sp. n.

Luteous, the flagellum of antennae, except the apex of the tenth and
the eleventh to seventeenth joints which are clear white ; a mark on the
centre of the vertex and upper half of the front, the mark narrowly dilated
for a short distance along the keel on occiput and roundly narrowed below,
the apex of mandibles and the apical fourth of the ovipositor, black.
Wings hyaline, the stigma and nervures black, the second transverse
cubital nervure and the disco-cubital nervure beyond the middle bul-
lated. Female.

Length, 7 mm. ; terebra, 3 mm.

Smooth and shining, the second and third abdominal segments closely,
rather strongly, the fourth weakly, punctured. There is a short, sparse,
white pubescence.

Mesostenus albilabris, sp. n.

Black, shining ; the thorax red, the lower part of the propleurae,
prosternum, the centre of mesosternum, a triangular mark along the apex
of the furrow and the metasternum, black ; the apical half of the eighth
and the ninth to fourteenth joints of the antennae and the labrum, white ;
the clypeus tinged with brown, the palpi blackish-fuscous, the middle of
basal abdominal segment dark rufous. Wings hyaline, the nervures black,
the posterior part of the stigma fuscous, the disco-cubital nervure largely
bullated at the base of the apical third, the recurrent nervure largely in
the middle ; it is received at the base of the apical third of the areolet,
which is twice longer than wide. Parapsidal furrows crenulated; the
mesonotum smooth ; scutellum strongly but not very closely punctured.
The centre of the basal part of the metanotum is smooth at the base and
apex, the rest finely, closely, irregularly striated, with scattered punctures ;
the outer part is strongly punctured, the punctures clearly separated, the
basal two-thirds of the apical part strongly, closely, irregularly striated ;
the apex less strongly, more regularly, striated, with the striae distinctly
separated. Propleurae smooth, with a striated belt near the base. Meso-
pleurae closely, irregularly reticulated, a closely, obliquely striated band
below the tubercles, the apex smooth near the top. Metapleurae more
strongly and closely punctured than the mesopleurae, the lower part near
the centre more or less obliquely striated ; the parts beyond the apical
furrow striated. Mesosternum more strongly and regularly punctured than
the mesopleurae. First abdominal segment smooth, except narrowly at
the base ; there is a conical depression near the base of post-petiole, and

178

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

along its sides a wide curved furrow ; the second and third segments are
closely, rather strongly punctured, the others sparsely and weakly so.
Female.

Length, 10 mm. ; terebra, 14 mm.

Lemana (Zoutpansberg District). November.

Face closely, irregularly, longitudinally striated in the centre, the
lower part of this striated part bordered by curved furrows ; the sides
above with a few weak punctures. Clypeus and labrum smooth, shining,
sparsely covered with white hair ; the front and vertex smooth, shining,
punctured between the ocelli. Legs black, the four anterior femora and
tibiae largely infuscated, the anterior more largely so than the middle ;
the second, third, and base of fourth joint of the hinder tarsi white ; the
tarsi covered with short white spines.

This species, of those known to me, comes nearest to M. lissonotus,
Cam. ; the following are the essential differences between the two

Length, 17 mm. ; labrnm and base of first abdominal segment black, the third and
fifth abdominal segments with the apices white ; base of metanotum strongly
punctured throughout, a keel between the ocelli. lissonotus , Cam.

Length, 10 mm. ; labrum white, base of first abdominal segment rufous, the third and
fifth abdominal segments without white, base of metanotum striated and
punctured only in the middle ; no keel between the ocelli. albilabris , Cam.

Hemitelini.

Valoga, gen. n.

Metanotum closely, transversely striated ; there are two keels down
the middle of the basal half ; the spiracles small, round. The only trans-
verse cubital nervure is short, the radius and cubitus nearing each other
at it ; the recurrent nervure is received four times its length beyond it ;
transverse median nervure almost interstitial ; the disco-cubital nervure
rounded, unbroken ; the transverse cubital nervure in hind wings broken
shortly below the middle. Third joint of antennae longer than the fourth ;
there are twenty-seven antennal joints. There is a raised tubercle in the
centre of the face near the clypeus, which is not clearly separated from
the former. Malar space furrowed, one-third of the length of the eyes.
Ocelli in a curve, separated from the eyes by a slightly greater distance
than they are from each other. Occiput margined. Scutellum raised,
smooth, keeled laterally at the base. Basal three abdominal segments
closely striated ; the first becomes gradually widened from the base to
the apex ; the ovipositor is half the length of the abdomen. The wings
are clouded.

This genus may be known by the absence of areae on the metanotum.
It is not unlike the South African genus Lievella , Cam., which wants also
the first transverse cubital nervure, but it has the metanotum regularly
areolated.

* Yaloga nitidisentis, sp. n.

Black, the pro- and mesothorax and the metapleurae red ; flagellum
of antennae dark red, joints fourth to seventh and the twelfth and follow-
ing, blackish ; the fore legs testaceous, the middle of a darker testaceous

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

179

colour, black at the base, the spurs dark testaceous. Head, thorax, and
apical segments of abdomen covered with white pubescence. Wings
hyaline, a wide pyriform cloud behind the transverse basal and transverse
median nervures, the narrowed end in front, the posterior rounded ; it
does not reach to the costa, but extends to the posterior edge of the wings ;
there is a large, irregular pyriform cloud, narrowed in front extending
from the anterior to the posterior part of the wing ; it commences at the
base of the disco-cubital nervure ; the apex is clouded ; there is a fainter
cloud in the front of the posterior wings beyond the middle at the transverse
radial nervure. Head closely punctured, the face more strongly than
the vertex, the clypeus smooth at the apex, as is also the malar space ;
the temples shining, not very closely punctured. Mesonotum irregularly,
rather strongly and closely transversely striated, the scutellum smooth ;
the metanotum closely irregularly transversely striated. Pleurae closely,
rugosely punctured, the puncturation strongest on the metapleurae. The
striae on the basal three abdominal segments are strong and clearly
defined. Female.

Length, 4 mm. ; terebra, 2 mm.

Pretoria. February.

The tegulae are black ; the base of the costa is white. Outside the
clouds the alar nervures are pale.

Lienella annulata, sp. n.

Black, shining ; covered with a white pubescence, which is longest
and densest on the face and metanotum, shorter and denser on the legs
than on the body ; the antennal scape, the basal three or four joints of
the flagellum except above, mandibles, the four front legs and the posterior
trochanters rufous ; the palpi long and white ; wings hyaline, the stigma,
costa, and nervures black ; a dark fuscous cloud extends from the base of
the radius to the end of the areolet, and posteriority near to the anal
nervure, the cloud becoming slightly roundly narrowed behind ; the disco-
cubital nervure broken by a minute stump, the transverse cubital nervure
in the hind wings broken shortly below the middle. The base of hind
tibiae annulated with pale yellow. Male.

Length, 5 mm.

Valdesia (Zoutpansberg District). November.

Front depressed in the middle, closely transversely striated. Face
opaque, the clypeus shining, sparsely punctured, the vertex more closely,
the temples more sparsely and weakly punctured. Third and fourth
joints of the antennae almost equal in length. Middle lobe of mesonotum
somewhat strongly punctured, a furrow, bordered by smooth and shining
spaces down the middle, the lateral lobes irregularly, obliquely or trans-
versely striated, the centre smooth, the striae wide and deep ; those near
the apex roundly curved. Depression at the base of scutellum wide, with
two keels down the middle. Scutellum not very closely punctured, the
sides keeled. Metanotum regularly areolated, the areola three times longer
than wide, obliquely narrowed at the base, where it is united to a triangular
area ; the other areae are coarsely, irregularly reticulated — striated.

180

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

Proplenrae almost smooth, the apex stoutly striated, the striated band
narrowed above. Mesopleurae closely punctured at the base above, the
apex smooth, narrowly above, widely below, the rest irregularly striated.
Metapleurae closely, rather strongly punctured. Base of first abdominal
segment aciculated, the apex with a broad band of curved striae on either
side ; the basal half of the second segment more strongly and regularly
striated ; the other segments smooth.

PIMPLINAE.

Acoenitini.

Acronus melanarius, sp. n.

Black ; the sides of the clypeus broadly above to the commencement
of the rounded apex, the mandibles except the teeth, and the apical seven
or eight joints of the antennae, rufous ; wings, fuscous violaceous, highly
iridescent, the nervures and stigma black. Antennae as long as the
abdomen and longer than the head and thorax united, thirty- join ted,
the pubescence microscopic, the third joint a little longer than the fourth.
Transverse median nervure interstitial ; the disco-cubital broken by a
distinct stump, the recurrent nervure with two bullae and received one-
third of its length beyond the transverse cubital ; the transverse cubital
nervure in hind wings broken near the bottom. Pubescence on metanotum
dense, moderately long, black ; on the rest of the body it is sparse, except
on the base of the abdomen. Male.

Length, 25 mm. ; wing stretch, 57 mm.

Waterval (Zoutpansberg District). November.

Head finely, closely punctured ; a fine keel between the antennae, a
broader, rounded one down the middle of the face, not reaching to its apex ;
it is separated from the clypeus by a wide, not very clearly defined, furrow,
which is wider and deeper on the sides. Apex of clypeus broadly rounded.
The curved mandibles have the basal part striated, the striae becoming
gradually stronger. Malar space half the length of the eyes. Apex of
clypeus broadly rounded. Hinder ocelli separated from each other by
half the distance they are from the eyes. Upper part of thorax opaque,
alutaceous, the pleurae finely, closely punctured ; metanotum with two
irregular keels down the middle, the sides bordered by a more distinct
one ; the apical slope bordered by keels all round, the keels forming a
closed area, roundly narrowed at the top, the upper keel waved ; on either
side of this is another area, three times wider than long, commencing near
the middle of the central area ; it is transverse at the apex and wider
than long. Abdomen alutaceous ; on the sides of the basal segment is a
keel, which curves round the inner side of the spiracles at the base. The
head is not so wide as the thorax ; the temples are broadly, roundly
dilated.

Allied to A. niger , Enderl.

Annals of the Tkansvaal Museum.

181

ACOENITINX.

Paracollyria carinifrons, sp. n.

Black, smooth and shining ; the head, including the mandibles, except
the apex narrowly, palpi, antennal scape, prothorax, and anterior legs,
red ; the eighth to fourteenth joints of the flagellum except above and the
fifteenth to eighteenth or nineteenth entirely yellowish- white ; wings
.fuscous violaceous ; there is a tripartite cloud of irregular shape in the
fore wings, it commences near the costa, half-way between the stigma
and apex of the wings, outside the transverse cubital nervure, from which
it is clearly separated and of the recurrent nervure which it almost touches
and where it becomes widened ; disco-cubital nervure broken by a
stump. Male.

Length, 11 mm.

Waterval (Zoutpansberg District). November.

Face and clypeus sparsely, weakly punctured ; the latter depressed
on either side of the apex. Front depressed, a narrow but distinct keel
down the middle. Hinder ocelli separated from the eyes by the same
distance as they are from each other. Malar space as long as the eyes,
a narrow furrow down it. Parapsidal furrows deep, the base smooth, the
rest stoutly crenulated. Base of post-scutellum with two large foveae,
longer than wide, rounded at the apex. Middle of metanotum with two
keels forming a deep channel, slightly widened and rounded at the apex ;
the part on either side is smooth to near the middle, the rest closely,
strongly reticulated, this part being bordered laterally and at the apex
by a keel. The first abdominal segment is as long as the following two
united. Antennae twenty-nine- jointed, the last joint thickened, the
three behind it narrowed to a bluntly rounded point on the under side,
clearly separated. There is a bulla on the disco-cubital nervure and two
on the recurrent ; the recurrent nervure is separated from the transverse
cubital by a slightly greater distance than its own length. There is an
area, lengthened and narrowed on the outer side, on either side of the
apical slope of the metanotum.

Allied to P. ruficollis, Cam., from Rhodesia, of which only the female is
known.

OPHXONXNAE.

Ophionini.

Heniscospilus pallidiceps, sp. n.

Pallid testaceous ; the head for the greater part pale yellow, the
antennae rufous, the wings clear hyaline, highly iridiscent, the costa,
stigma, apex of transverse basal nervure broadly and the basal abscissa of
the radius testaceous, the other nervures black ; there are two horny
points, both with long curved processes ; the basal one is wide, almost
bilobate at the base, the sides rounded, it becomes gradually narrowed to

182

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

a point and is nearly as long as it is wide at the base ; the second point
is not quite so long as the top of the posterior one, runs parallel with the
radius, is slightly curved downwards at the base and is twice longer than
wide ; the basal abscissa of the cubitus is slightly roundly curved, and is
a little more than half the length of the recurrent nervure ; the transverse
median nervure is received behind the transverse basal. Sides of scutellum
keeled ; its apical slope strongly striated. Base of metanotum finely, closely
punctured ; the base of the posterior part irregularly reticulated, the rest
more strongly, roundly striated. Upper half of metapleurae finely, closely
punctured, the lower closely, rather strongly, obliquely striated; the
sternum, pro- and mesopleurae are almost smooth ; the sternum and
abdomen (especially at the base) are more rufous in tint than the rest of
the body. Female.

Length, 24 mm.

Bred.

Sheath of ovipositor shortly projecting, black. First abdominal
segment as long as the scutellum and metanotum united, a little longer
than the second, its apex nodose, twice the width of the base. The disco-
cubital nervure is roundly curved towards the horney points shortly before
the middle. Tibiae spineless, the apices of the tarsal joints with short
weak spines. Temples moderately long, obliquely roundly narrowed.
Hind ocelli almost touching the eyes. Apex of clypeus bluntly rounded.

Enieospilus transvaalensis, sp. n.

Dark rufo-ferruginous ; the eye orbits narrowly lined with pale yellow?
the line on the outer wider than the inner, but not half the width of the
orbits, the line continued more narrowly behind the ocelli, the hinder of
which touch the eyes. Base of metanotum finely, closely, distinctly
punctured, the middle with some fine striae ; the rest is closely, somewhat
strongly, reticulated. Propleurae finely, closely striated, the striae oblique,
rounded above, the upper side at the base and the lower edge smooth.
Mesopleurae for the greater part finely, closely, obliquely striated. Meta-
pleurae more strongly obliquely striated, the striae becoming stronger
below. Scutellum keeled laterally to beyond the middle, closely, dis- '
tinctly punctured, the apical slope irregularly striated. Wings hyaline,
the costa and stigma sordid testaceous, the nervures black ; the horny
points without processes ; the basal irregularly triangular, with the three
angles rounded ; at the base it is as long as it is at the apex ; the second
point is conical, rounded at the base and apex ; the lower part narrowed.
The disco-cubital nervure is rounded backwards near the centre, the apical
part straight, the angle at the junction rounded ; it is unbroken. As
usual the apical abdominal segments are infuscated. Female.

Length, 18 mm.

Pretoria. September.

The pubescence is dense, white, and short. The transverse keel on
the base of the metanotum is distinct.

Annals of the Tbansvaal Museum.

183

The relationship of this species is with E. rufus, Be. ; the two may be
separated thus :

The hind orbits entirely yellow, the yellow line on the inner broad, dilated in the
middle below, the basal horny point oblique, conical, longer than it is wide in
front ; the hind ocelli separated from the eyes, metanotum without a transverse
keel on the top of the striated part. rufus Be.

The inner and outer orbits only narrowly yellow, the inner line not dilated below,
the basal horny point triangular, not longer than wide, the hinder ocelli not
separated from the eyes, metanotum with a distinct basal transverse keel.

transvaalensis Cam.

Pleuroneurophion rotundistriatus , sp. n.

Rufo- testaceous ; the apical abdominal segments infuscated, the

wings hyaline, the costa and stigma ferruginous, the nervures blackish,
the transverse basal nervure and the basal abscissa of the radius lighter
coloured, tinged with ferruginous ; the outer orbits tinged with yellow.
Sides of scutellum stoutly keeled on basal half ; the apical slope finely,
closely striated. The extreme base of metanotum smooth, the rest of the
basal part finely, closely striated, more strongly laterally than in the middle ;
the upper part of the apical slope transversely striated, the rest more
strongly striated, the striae roundly curved, running into reticulations on
the sides. Propleurae punctured, the punctures large and clearly separated
above, finer and closer below, the centre more or less striated. Mesopleurae
more strongly punctured all over ; the metapleurae much more strongly,
obliquely punctured, the punctures almost forming striae. Face closely,
the clypeus less closely punctured ; the labrum closely and strongly
punctured. Hinder ocelli almost touching the eyes. The pubescence
dense and white. First abdominal segment distinctly longer than the
scutellum and metanotum united ; the apex nodose, fully twice wider
than the base. Female.

Length, 24 mm.

Kourulene (Zoutpansberg District). December.

The transverse cubital nervure in the hind wings is broken at the
top of the posterior fourth, where it is sharply angled ; the two abscissae
are straight and obliquely sloped. Temples half the length of the top of
the eyes. Parapsidal furrows weakly indicated on the basal slope of the
mesonotum.

This species is smaller than P. pruinosus, Cam. ; the following are
the chief differences between the two : —

The hinder orbits entirely clear whitish yellow : the scutellar keels white, densely
covered with white pubescence, the costa black, apex of metanotum reticulated,
the transverse cubitus in hind wings broken at the top of the apical third, the
fore part rounded. pruinosus Cam.

The hinder orbits with the inner half obscure yellow, the scutellar keels ferruginous,,
not densely haired, apex of metanotum roundly transversely striated : the
transverse cubitus in hind wings broken at the posterior fourth, the fore part
straight. transraalensis Cam.

Campopleghni.

Campoplex transvaalensis, sp. n.

Black, the head and thorax densely covered with white pubescence,
the flagellum of antennae almost fuscous, the sides of the post-petiole, of

184

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

the second abdominal segment broadly below, the third, fourth, and fifth
almost entirely, the sixth not so broadly and the seventh entirely,
ferruginous ; the mandibles except the teeth and the palpi pale yellow ;
the four front legs whitish, the coxae black, the femora darker coloured,
the pale colour suffused with fuscous ; the hind legs black, the femora
obscure dark rufous ; the tibiae with a broad pale band commencing near
the base and extending to shortly beyond the middle ; the spurs white.
Wings clear hyaline, the stigma and nervures black, the areolet four-angled,
it being distinctly angled where the recurrent nervure is received at the
apex of the basal fourth ; in front the transverse cubital nervures unite ;
the transverse median nervure is received shortly beyond the transverse
basal ; the apical longitudinal nervures in the hind wings are faint ; the
cubitus is broken shortly below the middle. Female.

Length, 10 mm.

Warmberg (Zoutpansberg District). March.

Eyes distinctly incised on the inner side. Face closely, somewhat
strongly punctured, almost reticulated ; the vertex closely, but not quite
so strongly, punctured. Thorax closely punctured, the puncturation on
the metathorax closer ; on the mesopleurae the punctures are larger and
more widely separated. There are no keels on the metanotum, the apical
slope of which is widely furrowed, the apical half of the furrow being
distinctly, transversely striated. The lower part of the propleurae is
strongly obliquely striated.

Pimplomorpha nigro-ornata , sp. n.

Rufo-testaceous ; the antennae, tips of mandibles, ocellar region,
three large marks on mesonotum, the central wider and shorter than the
others, a minute spot on either side of the metanotum at the base, a conical
spot on the base of mesopleurae below, a streak on mesosternum, an
irregular spot at the base of the post-petiole, a distinct line on either side
of the basal half of the second segment, two squarish spots on the base of
the third, a semicircular mark on the sixth and the basal half of the first
ventral, black ; wings hyaline, the nervures and stigma black. Female.

Length, 11 mm. ; terebra, 9 mm.

Van der Merwe (Pretoria District). November.

The pubescence is short, dense, and white ; the puncturation on the
head and thorax dense and close ; it is stronger on the metanotum, which
has the apical slope rather strongly transversely striated in the middle ;
there is an indistinct, longer than wide, areola, the posterior and apical
keels of which are indistinct. The second abdominal segment is closely
striated. The apical nervures in the hind wings are faint ; the transverse
cubital nervure is broken shortly below the middle, the recurrent nervure
is largely bullated at its junction with the cubitus. There are two fuscous
spots on the occiput. The pleurae and scutellum are largely yellow.

May be known from P. trilineata, Cam., the type of the genus (Annals
of South African Museum, V, 96) by the base of the metanotum having
only two small 'marks, not the basal half black, by the dorsal abdominal
segments being marked with black lines and spots and by the second being
striated.

Antals of the Transvaal Museum.

185

Amorphota densepilosella , sp. n.

Black ; densely covered with silvery pubescence, the antennal scape
rufous, the mandibles, except the teeth, palpi, and tegulae, yellow ; the
abdomen rufo-testaceous, the basal segment entirely, the second above
except at the apex, the greater part of the basal half of the third, the mark
roundly narrowed at the apex, a longish conical mark in the middle of
the basal half of the fourth, a similar but smaller mark on the fifth, and
the greater part of the apical, black ; the genital sheath black ; the second
and third ventral segments yellow. Legs rufo-testaceous ; the hind coxae
and basal joint of hind trochanters black, the four anterior coxae black
at the base ; the four anterior trochanters and the apical joint of the
posterior yellow ; the spurs pale, the hind tarsi blackish. Wings hyaline,
the stigma testaceous, the nervures black ; the areolet with a pedicle
longer than the branches, the outer of which is a little longer than the
inner ; the recurrent nervure received near the centre ; the disco- cubital
nervure is bullated widely beyond the middle, the recurrent nervure is
still more widely bullated, the transverse median nervure interstitial ; the
apical nervures in the hind wings are faint, almost obsolete. There is a
short keel near the base of the metanotum ; from it a keel runs obliquely
to the sides, its apex reaching to the apex of the basal fourth for the meta-
notum ; an indistinct keel borders the outer edge and one runs from the
spiracles to the coxae ; the spiracles are small, oval, twice longer than
wide. Hind ocelli separated from each other by double the distance they
are from the eyes. Male.

Length, 6 mm.

Pretoria. 27th February.

Antennae slightly longer than the body, densely covered with a
microscopic pile. Head and thorax closely punctured, the punctures on
the scutellum more widely separated than they are on the mesonotum ;
on the base of the metanotum they are weaker ; the apical slope of the
latter is strongly alutaceous, impunctate, more or less transversely striated.
The pubescence on the head and metanotum is denser than elsewhere. The
post-scutellum is striated on the apical half.

Androna, gen. nov.

Wings without an areola, the recurrent nervure received beyond the
transverse cubital ; the transverse median interstitial ; the transverse
median nervure in hind wings unbroken, the apical longitudinal nervures
being obliterated ; the stigma large, gradually narrowed to a point in the
middle, angled where the transverse cubital nervure is received at the
apex of the basal third ; the radius issues from the middle of the stigma.
Metanotum regularly areola ted, with three central and three lateral areae ;
the areola longer than it is wide at the apex ; it is closed at the base ; the
spiracles are small, oval ; there is a large, wide spiracular area. Abdominal
petiole clearly dilated at the apex ; the other segments are compressed,
but stout ; the ovipositor in the known species is shorter than the abdomen.
Head transverse, the temples short, roundly narrowed. Apex of clypeus

186

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

broadly rounded, not separated from tbe face in the middle ; the sides
above with a distinct fovea, from which runs below a narrow furrow.
Eyes large, parallel; there is a short, but distinct, malar space. The hind
metatarsus is more than one-third of the length of the tibiae ; the spurs
of normal length ; the claws simple ; antennae shorter than the body. The
scutellum is flat, or at least not much raised above the mesonotum, which
has no indications of furrows.

The affinities of this genus are clearly with Pimplamorpha , Cam. ; that
genus may be known from it by the apex of the first abdominal segment
not being swollen, but gradually dilated ; by the clypeus being more dis-
tinctly separated from the face, by the recurrent nervure not being received
clearly beyond the transverse cubital, by the apical longitudinal nervures
in the hind wings being clearly traced and the transverse median distinctly
broken ; the pterostigma is longer and not so thick in the middle ; the
radial cellule is narrower, not so much widened in the middle, the scutellum
is more convex, and the metanotum is less distinctly areolated, the basal
areae, including the areola, being not clearly defined.

The following table may aid in the determination of the species of
Andrcma described here : —

1 (4) Mesonotum for the greater part black.

2 (3) Mesonotum with only two continuous yellow lines, the face

and clypeus yellow. variventris.

3 (2) Mesonotum with two lines and a large square mark in the

centre of the apex, the face and clypeus broadly black in the
middle. spilopus.

4 (1) Mesonotum rufo- testaceous.

5 (6) The black line on the metanotum extending from the base to

the apex, the back of the basal two abdominal segments entirely
black. flaviceps.

6 (5) The black lines on the metanotum and the basal two

abdominal segments not reaching to the apex.

7 (10) The black on the metanotum not narrowed to a fine point, of

equal width throughout.

8 (9) The head for the greater part pale yellow, the mesosternum

black, the black in centre of second abdominal segment wider
than the outer testaceous part. latimaculata.

9 (8) The head without yellow, the sternum immaculate, the black

on second abdominal segment narrower than the outer tes-
taceous part. fuscicornis.

10 (11) The black on the metanotum narrowed to a fine point.

basiornata.

11 (10) The metathorax entirely black, the second abdominal segment

lined laterally with black. flavo-orbitalis.

Androna variventris, sp. n.

Black ; the face except for a short black line below each antenna,
the clypeus, mandibles except the teeth, the eye orbits except opposite
the ocelli, antennal scape, a line down the sides of the mesonotum, com-
mencing near the apex and continued to the base where it is dilated and

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187

then along the outer edge to the tegulae, the scutellar keels, basal two-
thirds of the scutellum, the base of propleurae, a triangular mark on the
apex above, the tubercles, base of mesopleurae narrowly, a wide mark
along the lower half, irregularly, roundly incised on the apical half above,
more regularly and deeply on the basal half below, the apical half obliquely
narrowed to a narrow point, a semicircular mark below the hind wings,
a line, dilated at the base, on the top, along the keel and the spiracular
area from the spiracles, pale yellow. The second and third ventral seg-
ments are pale clear yellow, the others and the apices of the third, fourth,
and fifth dorsal, rufo- testaceous. Wings hyaline, the stigma fuscous, the
nervures black. Legs pallid yellow, the hind femora broadly above, the
hind tibiae except near the middle and the hind tarsi, black. Male.

Length, 7 mm.

Pretoria. October.

Head and thorax closely punctured, the clypeus less strongly and more
sparsely than the face ; its apex is broadly rounded, the lateral foveae
large, deep ; the front is closely, rather strongly striated ; the apical slope
of the metanotum transversely striated, the striae weak in the middle of
the posterior median area ; the areola is large, twice longer than it is wide
at the apex, which is transverse ; towards the base it is roundly narrowed
from the middle. The second abdominal segment is aciculated.

Androna spilopus, sp. n.

Black ; the eye orbits moderately broadly, more broadly above,
where there is a triangular incision, the malar space entirely, the apex of
the clypeus, the mark with a wide shallow incision above and with a shorter,
deeper incision in the centre of the apex below, a large mark, of equal width,
longer than wide, in the middle of the apical half of the mesonotum ; from
the outer edges of this a line runs to the base of the mesonotum and is
then continued along the top of the mesopleurae, the basal part between
the two being dilated ; a line on the upper part of the pronotum, which
becomes gradually widened towards the apex, a broader line of equal width
on the lower part of the propleurae, the tubercles, a broad mark on the
lower part of the mesopleurae, straight above, rounded below, and with
the apical third roundly narrowed, a large irregular mark on the lower
half of the metapleurae, the mark continued to the posterior median area
of the metanotum, the scutellum, its keels and the ventral surface of the
abdomen, clear yellow ; a narrow testaceous line on the apex of the first
abdominal segment, and broader testaceous lines, rounded at the base, on
the others. Legs rufo- testaceous, the coxae and trochanters pale yellow,
marked behind with black, the knees paler, more yellowish in tint, the
hind tibiae darker, broadly black at the base and apex. Wings hyaline,
the nervures and stigma fuscous. Female.

~ Androna ftaviceps, sp. n.

Rufo-testaceous ; the head, prothorax, the sides and two lines on the
base of the mesonotum yellow, the stemmaticum, metanotum, upper edge
of metapleurae, first abdominal segment, upper part of second, a semi-
circular mark on the base of the third and the greater part of the apical
two segments above, black ; legs coloured like the body, the last joint of

188

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the tarsi blackish ; wings hyaline, the stigma fuscous, the nervures black,
the recurrent nervure largely bullated, received one-fourth of the length
of the transverse cubital nervure beyond the latter. Flagellum of antennae
fuscous, a broad obscure yellow band beyond the middle, the scape for the
greater part yellow. Metanotum regularly areolated, the areola four times
longer than wide, the base narrowed gradually to a sharp point, the apex
transverse ; the puncturation is much stronger than it is on the mesonotum ;
the posterior median area is transversely striated. The striation on the
second abdominal segment is weak. Male.

Length, 6 mm.

Pretoria. October.

This species is clearly con-generic with P. flavo-orbitalis, from which
it may be known by the paler, more yellowish colour of the body, by the
yellowish head and prothorax, and by the second abdominal segment
being entirely black above, it being also less strongly striated.

Androna latimaculata, sp. n.

Rufo-testaceous ; the head pale yellow, the scape of antennae pale
yellow, the flagellum black, fuscous below on the basal half, the stemmatum
black, the mark continued on to the vertex, it becoming gradually narrowed
behind, mesosternum, a large mark of equal width, three times longer
than wide, on the basal three-fourths of the metanotum, the basal fourth
of the first abdominal segment, the basal half of the second and the greater
part of the following segments above, black ; the legs paler coloured ;
tarsi fuscous. Male.

Length, 5 mm.

Pretoria. March.

Androna fuscicornis, sp. n.

Rufo-testaceous ; without yellow, except on the mandibles, which are
pale yellow with black teeth ; the stemmaticum, the mark rounded behind,
a mark of equal width and two-and-a-half times longer than wide, its
apex transverse on the basal two-thirds of metanotum, the basal fourth
of the first abdominal segment, a narrow line, widened at the base, on the
basal two-thirds of the second, and wide marks on the base of the following
segments, the apical two larger than on' the others, black ; and the basal
ventral segment is narrowly black at the base ; antennal scape pale
testaceous, the flagellum fuscous, darker at the base. Wings hyaline, the
stigma and nervures fuscous, the former paler in front. The apex of the
areola and the posterior median area transversely striated. Pleural smooth.
Legs paler coloured than the body ; a line near base of the hind tibiae
and a wider one on the apex, the base and apex of the hind tibiae and
the hind tarsi fuscous. Wings hyaline, the stigma and nervures fuscous.
Abdomen almost twice the length of the thorax, the ovipositor two-thirds
of its length. Female.

Pretoria. February.

The centre of the face and of the clypeus tinged with rufous, as well
as the middle of the front ; the former two are covered with short white
pubescence. Metanotum closely and rather strongly transversely striated .

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

189

the base of the areola finely, closely punctured. Pleurae finely closely
punctured, the metapleurae more strongly and closely than the rest, The
second abdominal segment is closely striated.

Androna basiornata , sp. n.

Pale yellow ; the flagellum of the antennae, except at the base, where
it is fuscous, the tips of mandibles, stemmaticum, the lower part of the
occiput, a line on the sides of the mesonotum, continued down the sides
and round the apex of the scutellum, continued broadly down the centre
of the basal three-fourths of the metanotum, the apex of the latter line
being acutely pointed, the basal third of the first segment of the abdomen,
a line, one-third of the width of the segment, down the basal two-thirds
of the second, a semicircular mark on the base of the third, and larger,
more irregular marks on the others, black. The base of the legs pale, the
rest coloured like the body, except the base of the hind tibiae narrowly,
the apex more broadly and the tarsi fuscous. Wings hyaline, the stigma
and nervures fuscous. Male.

Length, 5 mm. ; terebra, 4 mm.

Pretoria. January.

The yellow on the face and occiput runs into rufous ; the mesonotum
is rufous except in the centre of the apical half ; the abdomen is for the
greater part rufous. The amount of the rufous colour probably varies
and may indeed be a discolouration.

The male has no black round the scutellum, the line on the metanotum
is shorter and of equal width, not sharply pointed at the apex, and the
abdominal black marks are smaller.

Length, 7 mm. ; ovipositor, 2 mm.

Pretoria. February.

Covered with a short white pile, the head and thorax closely, dis-
tinctly punctured, except for a smooth band over the mesopleural depres-
sion ; the metathorax is more coarsely punctured than the rest ; the top
of the areola is smooth, the rest of it and the posterior median area less
closely, rather strongly transversely striated. Abdomen smooth, the
second segment longitudinally aciculated, almost striated on the apical
half. The antennae are stout, of equal thickness and are as long as the
head, thorax, and basal segment of the abdomen united. The areola is
long, narrow, and of equal width.

Androna flavo-orbitalis, sp. n.

Pufous ; the inner orbits broadly pale yellow, the antennae, . meta-
thorax, the first abdominal segment, a broad line down the sides of the
back of the second segment, the back of the fourth, the whole of the follow-
ing segments, the hind coxae, trochanters, and the base of the hind tibiae,
black ; wings hyaline, the stigma and nervures black ; the recurrent
nervure is almost interstitial and is received outside the transverse cubital ;
it is largely bullated in front ; the transverse median nervure is interstitial ;
the apical nervures in the hind wings are very faint, almost obliterated.
Metanotum completely areolated ; the areola three times longer than
wide, the basal half obliquely narrowed to a sharp point at the base ; its
apical half and the posterior median area are closely, transversely striated ;

2

190

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

the rest is closely, distinctly punctured ; the metathorax is more densely
covered with white pubescence than the rest ; the spiracles are oval. Female.

Length, 7 mm. ; terebra, 3 mm.

Bronkhorstspruit (E. Pretoria District). December.

Covered with a minute white pile ; the head and thorax closely punc-
tured, the latter more strongly than the former. Antennal scape testaceous
below. Clypeus not clearly separated from the face, but with large foveae
at the sides above. There is a smooth tubercle on the top of the face.
The post-petiole is closely, but not very strongly, striated.

Silavoga , gen. nov.

Post-costal nervure with a short straight nervure, having a short
curved transverse nervure on the top ; transverse median nervure received
distinctly beyond the transverse basal ; the areolet distinctly appendicu-
lated, the second nervure the longer and roundly curved ; the recurrent
nervure received near the apex ; disco-cubital nervure unbroken, broadly
roundly curved. Transverse cubital nervure in the hind wings broken
above the middle. Metanotum with a narrow area extending from the
base to the apex, and two large, wide lateral ones ; the spiracles curved,
narrow, three times longer than wide. Clypeus not separated from the
face, its apex broadly rounded. ' Basal slope of scutellum keeled ; the
post-scutellum bordered by stout oblique keels. Abdominal petiole as
long as the following two segments united, slender, the apical half thicker
than the basal, the spiracles placed shortly beyond the middle. Mandibles
bluntly edendate. Occiput and cheeks margined. Antennae long and
slender, much longer than the body. Sheath of ovipositor projecting,
large, broad, curved. Cerci longish. Abdomen broad, but compressed,
the segments laterally becoming wider towards the apex. Legs slender,
long, the hinder coxae two-and-a-half times longer than wide, the claws
simple.

This genus of Ophioninae may be easily known by the curious nervure
on the post-costal, a nervure not found, so far as I know, in any other
Ichneumon. It fits in best with the Campoplegini, but in my opinion a
new tribe should be formed for it.

Silavoga longicornis , sp. n.

Luteous ; the tarsi darker coloured, the flagellum of antennae, tips
of mandibles and stemmaticum, black ; covered with a short, white down ;
the wings hyaline, the stigma pale testaceous, the nervures blackish, the
disco-cubital and recurrent nervures largely bullated. Head closely,
rather strongly punctured, the thorax not quite so strongly punctured,
the scutellum not quite so strongly as the mesonotum. Flagellum of
antennae densely covered with short stiff black pubescence. Female.

Kourulene (Zoutpansberg District). August.

Paniscini.

Paniscus melanoctis, Llolm.

Engenies Resa., Zool., VI, 411, 44 ; Tosquinet, Mem. d. 1. Soc. Ent.
de Belgique, VI, 407 ; Cameron, Annals South African Museum, V, 101.

Pretoria. March to November.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

191

Paniscus natalensis, sp. n.

Rufo-ferruginous ; the antennae blackish, the scape and base of
flagellum ferruginous ; wings hyaline, the costa and stigma sordid tes-
taceous, the nervures black, the disco-cubital nervure broken by a distinct
stump ; the second transverse cubital nervure largely bullated behind ;
the recurrent nervure roundly curved outwardly between the bullae ; the
disco-cubital nervure broken by a distinct stump ; the transverse cubital
nervure in the hind wings is broken close to the bottom of the anterior
fourth. Scutellum not very strongly keeled to near the apex. Metanotum
closely, distinctly, transversely striated ; a shallow, narrow longitudinal
furrow down the centre of the basal half. The first abdominal segment
is twice the length of the second ; its apex is finely closely punctured ;
the ventral surface and apical segments are spotted with fuscous. Female.

Length, 14 mm.

Colenso, Natal.

The face, clypeus, and orbits are tinged with yellow. Face and clypeus
closely punctured, the latter more strongly than the former, and separated
from it, but not very distinctly. Apex of mandibles broadly black ;
Ocelli not in a black patch, the hinder clearly separated from the eyes.
Tarsi closely spinose. Calcaria and comb black. Parapsidal furrows
shallow but distinct.

This species is stouter than melanocotis, from which it may be known
by the blackish, not rufous, flagellum of the antennae, by the more deeply
tinted ferruginous colour, which is not tinged with yellow, by the recurrent
nervure being only roundly curved in front, while in melanocotis the curve
extends from the top to bottom ; in it, too, the transverse cubital nervure
in the hind wings is broken at the bottom of the top third, in the present
species at the top fourth.

Paniscus nigroeandis, sp. n.

Rufo-ferruginous ; the flagellum of the antennae, the apex of man-
dibles, a spot in the hollow behind the tegulae and the sixth and following
segments of the abdomen, black ; wings hyaline, the costa fuscous, the
stigma pale testaceous, the nervures black, the disco-cubital nervure
broadly rounded, unbroken, the recurrent nervure broadly rounded, the
transverse cubital nervure in hind wing broken at the bottom of the fore
fourth. The hind ocelli touch the eyes ; they are not in a black patch ;
the orbits are pale yellow. Scutellum distinctly keeled to the apex. Meta-
notum closely transversely striated, more strongly in the centre than on
the sides. Face and clypeus closely punctured, the former raised in the
middle ; the latter bounded above at the sides by a short distinct furrow.
First abdominal segment not twice the length of the second ; the abdomen
is fully twice longer than the head and thorax united. Male.

Length, 11 mm.

Kranspoort (Pretoria District). December.

Tibiae and tarsi closely spinose. The eye orbits are pale yellow. The
parapsidal furrows are not indicated.

192

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

TRYPHONIDAE.

Bassini.

Bassus Icetatorius, Fab.

Cameron, Annals South African Museum, Y, 131.

Pretoria. May and September.

This is now practically a cosmopolitan species. It would be interesting
to know the Dipteron it is parasitic on in South Africa.

BRACONIDAE.

Braconinae.

Iphicmlax havelandi, Cam.

Annals of the South African Museum, V, 42.

Waterval (Zoutpansberg District). November and December.

The male does not differ appreciably in coloration from the female ;
it is smaller, that in the collection being hardly 10 mm. long, and is also
more slenderly built than the female.

Iphicmlax pretoriaensis, sp. n.

Black ; a wide streak along the sides of the apical two-thirds of the
mesonotum, a curved mark near the centre of the scutellum, and the
mesosternum dark blood-red ; wings fuscous, a mark on the base of the
stigma, prolonged in front and behind at the apex, the central black part
being wider than the yellow prolongations and with the base rounded,
orange yellow ; there is a narrow oblique cloud in the lower apical two-
thirds of the first cubital cellule reaching the apex at the end of the first
abscissa of the cubitus and is prolonged below the cubitus ; outside the
fore part of the recurrent nervure is an irregular pyriform cloud, the fore
part of which is dilated at the base, along the cubitus. Basal two seg-
ments of abdomen irregularly, the following three strongly, more regularly
striated ; the first segment has a stout keel down the middle ; the striae
are more or less oblique, the lateral furrow is wide, smooth, striated at the
base. The area on the base of the second segment is large, wider than long,
finely closely obliquely striated ; its keel extends to the apex of the seg-
ment, which is depressed on either side of it, the striae there being few
and curved. The suturiform articulation is wide and strongly, but not
closely, striated ; the lateral area is smooth on the inner side, finely closely
striated on the outer ; the furrow on the base of the fourth is deep, narrow,
crenulated ; the apices of the segments are smooth.

Allied to L durbanensis Cam. (Annals South African Museum, V, 43.).

Iphicmlax pictus, Be.

Bracon pictus , Brulle, Hymen, IY, 426.

Iphianlax .pictus , Cam,, Annals South African Museum, Y, 47.

Waterval (Zoutpansberg District). November.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

193

Iphianlax varipalpis, Cam.

Annals South African Museum, V, 49.

Lemana (Zoutpansberg District). October.

Vipio transvaalensis , sp. n.

Rufous ; the head paler, brighter in tint, the antennae, tips of man-
dibles, trophi, stemmaticum, a broad line, twice wider than long, on the
base of mesonotum, a narrower longer one on the sides, continued on to
the base of scutellum, the apical slope of metanotum largely, the meso-
sternum, the under side of the fore femora and apical joint of the trochanters,
black ; wings fuscous, an oblique hyaline irregular cloud in the first cubital
cellule continued as a small roundish cloud beyond the cubitus on the
outer side of the recurrent nervure, the stigma and nervures black, the
base of the stigma testaceous. Male.

Length, 10 mm. ; terebra, 17 mm.

Kranspoort (Pretoria District). December.

Front and vertex smooth, shining, the face finely sparsely punctured.
Mesonotum and apical half of scutellum with large, widely separated
punctures ; the scutellar basal furrow crenulated. Metanotum closelv
and slightly more strongly punctured than the mesonotum. Pleurae
smooth, the apex of metapleural weakly punctured. Abdomen with the
basal four segments closely rugosely punctured, the punctures becoming
weaker from the first ; the triangular area on the second and third is more
finely punctured, especially on the inner side. The oblique furrows and
the first transverse one are crenulated ; there is a narrow smooth one on
the apex of the third segment. There is a not very clearly defined keel
down the middle of the metanotum.

In the table of the South African species of Vipio , I have given in the
Annals of the South African Museum, V, 59 and 60, this species would
run near to Vipio longicandis, Cam., with which it cannot be confounded,
e.g. the ovipositor in the latter is 30 mm. long.

Vipio melanopus, sp. n.

Rufous ; the antennae, tips of mandibles, trophi, stemmaticum,
three marks on the mesonotum, the anterior conical, not much longer
than it is wide at the base, the lateral longer, extending from the base to
the apex, the sides and apex of the scutellum broadly, the mesosternum,
the greater part of the mesopleurae and the greater part of the legs, black ;
wings fuscous, with the usual hyaline spots at the base of the stigma ; the
stigma and nervures black. Female.

Length, 7 mm. ; terebra, 17 mm.

Pleisieskloof (Pretoria District). 22nd December.

Head smooth, the sides of the face broadly, weakly, but distinctly,
punctured. Mesonotum strongly, sparsely punctured, except in the centre
at the apex, where the puncturation is much closer. The scutellum has a
few scattered punctures in the centre of the apex, where there is a central
keel. Metanotum closely, strongly punctured, a furrow with a keel in
the middle down its centre. Pro- and meso-pleurae smooth, the meta-
pleurae punctured, but much less strongly than the metanotum. Basal

194

Annals of the Tkansvaal Museum.

four segments of the abdomen closely, strongly, almost rugosely punctured,
less strongly so on the sides of the second at the base and still less strongly
and more shining on the sides of the third ; the oblique furrows on the
third are clearly defined and straight. The knees, apical half of middle
femora, the greater part of the posterior and the basal half of the middle
tibiae below are rufous. Pubescencee on thorax, including metanotum,
white.

In my table, l. c. supra, this species runs to maculiceps, which has
the head maculate with black.

Vipio (?) pallidiventris, sp. n.

Rufo- testaceous ; the ventral surface pallid yellow, the antennae,
stemmaticum, almost the apical half of the mandibles, a wide mark, almost
twice longer than wide, rounded at the base, transverse at the apex, towards
which it becomes gradually, but not much, narrowed ; on the middle
lobe, a longer, narrower one, obliquely narrowed towards the apex, on
the lateral lobes, the marks reaching to the base of the stigma, a line on
the sides of the mesosternum, transverse on the inner, rounded on the
outer side, the apex rounded and clearly separated, a large mark, twice
longer than wide, on the apical three-fourths of the first abdominal segment,
reaching to the apex, a mark, fully three times longer than it is wide at
the base, it becoming gradually narrowed towards the apex on the second,
and two longish triangular marks on the third, fourth, and fifth segments ;
the first to fifth and the basal half of the sixth, closely longitudinally
striated. The metanotum with a large ovoid belt of irregular longitudinal
striae, the base and apex being free from them ; the metapleurae punc-
tured, the punctures clearly separated and distinct. Antennae longer
than the body, the third joint not much shorter than the fourth. Wings
hyaline, the apex slightly clouded, the stigma fuscous on the front, livid
testaceous on the posterior half. Male.

Length, 8 mm.

Groenvlei (Pretoria District). January.

This is not a typical Vipio ; the abdominal segments, for example,
want the oblique furrows ; the trophi appear to be different, being
apparently as in Bracon, but I am not certain about this and, having only
a single specimen, I do not care to dissect it. The general form of the
body and the neuration are as in Vipio, including the short radial cellule.
The apical abscissa of the radius is longer than the basal two united ; the
second is one-fourth longer than the first ; the first transverse cubital
nervure is obliquely sloped, so that the second cubital cellule is much
narrowed in front.

Bacuma, Cam.

Bacuma rufa, sp. n.

Rufous ; the antennae, the face, front, the vertex to the fore half
of the temples, the centre behind continued down the occiput as a triangle,
mandibles and the mesonotum, black ; wings fuscous, a somewhat tri-
angular cloud behind the transverse basal and transverse median nervure

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

195

along the first transverse cubital nervure, its apex obliquely truncated,
a wider cloud extending from the base of the cubitus to the base of the
radius, from the stigma to the posterior edge of the wing and a small one
on either side of the second transverse cubital extending slightly and
roundly on to the radial cellule, yellowish hyaline, the stigma black, its
base, except in front, yellowish ; the nervures black, yellowish along the
central cloud ; the base of the hind wing narrowly hyaline and there is
an oval longish cloud at the base of the cubitus. Abdomen closely, strongly
reticulated punctured, the basal slope of the first and the apical two seg-
ments smooth ; the area on base of second segment smooth at the base,
the rest closely longitudinally striated ; ventral surface whitish, the basal
four segments marked with black. Female.

Length, 16 mm. ; terebra, 33 mm.

“ Transvaal.”

Head below the antennae sparsely covered with black hair ; there
are a few hairs above them. Mesonotum sparsely covered with black hair ;
the rest of the thorax and the legs more densely covered with white
pubescence. The third abscissa of the radius is longer than the basal
two united ; the recurrent nervure is received in the apex of the first cubital
cellule. Front depressed, neither distinctly keeled nor furrowed. Face
coarsely reticulated, the reticulations finer below.

May be known from the two described species of Bacuma (maculi-
ventris, Cam., and fumipennis , Cam., Annals South African Museum, V,

68 and 69) by the red body and legs.

•»

Hormiinae.

Hormius, Nees.

Hormius testaceus, sp. n.

Testaceous ; the flagellum of the antennae, the lower part of the
mesopleurae and the sides of the mesopleurae black, the legs of a paler
colour than the body ; wings hyaline, the stigma pale, the nervures of a
darker testaceous colour ; the first transverse cubital nervure sharply
obliquely sloped, so that the second cubital cellule is much narrowed in
front ; the first abcissa of the radius is a little longer than the second ;
antennae twenty- two jointed. Metanotum reticulated. Female.

Length, 2*5; terebra, *5 mm.

Pretoria. December.

Smooth, shining, bare ; first abdominal segment clearly separated, as
wide as long, the second nearly as long as the third and fourth united.

RHOGADINAE.

Bhogas, Nees.

The following is a synoptical table of the species of Bhogas described
in this paper : —

1 (2) Bed ; the head and apex of the abdomen black, the ptero-

stigma black. erythrostomus.

2 (1) Testaceous ; including the pterostigma.

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Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

3 (4) The mesopleurae, metanotum, and base of abdomen, black.

melanospilus .

4 (3) Thorax and abdomen immaculate.

5 (6) Apex of hind femora and upper part of pleurae black.

pleurilineatus .

6 (5) Legs and pleurae immaculate.

7 (8) Front striated (pterostigma uniformly coloured, the legs

coloured like the body). striatifrons .

8 (11) Antennae entirely black.

9 (10) A large black mark on the metanotum, the first abscissa of

the radius shorter than the second, which is a little longer than
the first transverse cubital. vannervis.

10 (9) Metanotum immaculate, the first abscissa of radius longer

than the second, which is as long as the first transverse cubital
nervure. pallidipalpis .

11 (8) Antennae at the most fuscous, the base of flagellum paler

than the apex (the stigma pale, fuscous near the apex, the
nervures fuscous).

12 (13) Second cubital cellule distinctly narrowed towards the apex,

one-half longer than wide, the basal two abdominal segments
paler than the others. varicarinatus .

13 (12) Second cubital cellule not narrowed towards the apex, twice

longer than wide, the basal two abdominal segments not paler
than the others. transvaalensis .

Rhogas erythrostomus, sp. n.

Rufo-testaceous ; the head, antennae, the third and following segments
of the abdomen and the sheath of the ovipositor, black ; the oral region
and the mandibles except the teeth, dark red ; the palpi black, covered
with white pubescence ; wings hyaline, the costa pale, the stigma black,
the nervures fuscous ; the legs coloured like the body, the apex of the hind
tibiae and the four hind tarsi black. Female and male.

Length, 8-9 mm.

Pretoria. October. Tweefontein (Pretoria District). January.

Covered with a short white pubescence, which is longest on the meta-
notum. Face in the middle closely irregularly striated, almost reticulated,
the sides punctured. Centre of front smooth and shining, the sides finely
irregularly striated, the vertex opaque, coarsely alutaceous, more or less
striated. Mesonotum closely, irregularly punctured, the scutellum more
strongly punctured. The transverse depression at the base of the meta-
notum stoutly crenulated. Metanotum closely rugosely punctured, the
apical slope striated ; the keel hardly extends to the middle. Pleurae
closely punctured, the apex of the propleurae striated. Basal two
abdominal segments closely irregularly striated, more strongly in the
centre than on the sides ; the central keel distinct ; the basal two-thirds
of the third segment finely closely striated.

The head is not quite transverse, the temples are rounded, narrowed,
the occupit roundly incised. Parapsidal furrows narrow, shallow. The

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

197

palpi vary in colour from black to fuscous. First abscissa of radius not
balf the length of the second ; the second cubital cellule of equal width
throughout, about one-fourth longer along the radius than along the
transverse cubitals. The colouration of the tarsi and the palpi varies,
the latter from black to fuscous.

Rhogas melanospilus, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen except the apical third of the first
segment, the second except the sides, and the third except the sides and
apex, which are pale yellow, rufo- testaceous ; the antennae blackish,
except the basal three-fourths of the scape ; the stemmaticum, the basal
three-fourths of the mesopleurae broadly above, the post-scutellum and the
part bordering it, and the metathorax except the apex below, black ; the
rufous colour on the base of the first abdominal segment is largely tinged
with black ; wings clear hyaline, iridescent, the costa and stigma pallid
yellow, darker towards the apex ; the second cubital cellule is narrowed
towards the apex. Metanotum finely, closely, transversely striated, the
central keel distinct, as it is also on the first abdominal segment. Male.

Length, 4 mm.

Rietfontein No. 57 (Pretoria District). September.

Temples distinctly, obliquely, roundly narrowed ; the occiput not
transverse. Head, pro- and mesothorax shagreened, covered with a white
pubescence, the lower part of the propleurae obscurely striated, the apex
of the mesonotum more strongly longitudinally striated. Palpi long,
pallid yellow. The abdomen is smooth, except the basal segment.

Rhogas plurilineatus, sp. n.

Testaceous, the stemmaticum, face, the greater part of the clypeus,
the greater part of the outer orbits, the pleurae above, the meso- more
broadly than the pro-pleurse and the latter than the meta-pleurae, the
antennae dark rufous, darker towards the apex ; the sides of the basal
two abdominal segments and the whole of the others tinged with rufous ;
legs coloured like the body, but paler, the apex of the hind femora slightly,
the apical fourth of the middle, the apical half of the posterior and the
end joint of the tarsi, black. Wings clear hyaline, the stigma pale tes-
taceous, the nervures darker, almost black ; the basal abscissa of radius
one-third of the length of the second ; the second cubital cellule almost
twice longer than wide ; the basal abscissa of radius roundly curved towards
the costa. Basal three segments of the abdomen closely, distinctly striated,
the third with the apex smooth. The front immediately below the ocelli
is strongly transversely striated ; the hollowed lateral part is blackish
and is finely longitudinally striated.

The amount of black on the face varies, and the red down the sides
of the abdomen may run into black ; the black on the upper side of the
pleurae may change to rufous. Parapsidal furrows shallow. The punc-
turation on the head and thorax is close. The furrow at the base of the
scutellum is strongly crenulated. Male.

Length, 5-6 mm.

Pretoria. December. Rietfontein No. 57 (Pretoria District). January.

A variable species probably as regards coloration.

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Rhogas varicarinatus , sp. n.

Kufo-testaceous ; the basal two segments of the abdomen paler
coloured, the flagellum of antennae, tips of mandibles and stemmaticum
black ; wings clear hyaline, the costa and stigma pallid, the latter inf us -
cated behind ; the first abscissa of radius three-fourths of the length of the
second ; the second cubital cellule distinctly narrowed in front, the second
transverse cubital nervure one-fourth shorter than the first. Metanotum
infuscated, its keel distinct. The keel on the first abdominal segment is
weak, on the second it is obsolete ; the first is weakly striated, the striae
stronger towards the apex ; the apical segments are tinged with rufous
and fuscous. Temples sharply obliquely narrowed, the occiput roundly
incised. Male.

Length, 4 mm.

Pretoria. October.

Rhogas varinervis, sp. n.

Testaceous ; * stemmaticum, an irregularly triangular mark in the
centre of the metanotum on the basal half, the antennae, mandibular
teeth, and the apices of the tarsi black ; wings clear hyaline, the costa
and stigma testaceous, the basal nervures, the base and apex of cubitus
pale, the others darker coloured ; first abscissa of radius three-fourths of
the length of the second ; the second cubital cellule of equal width, not
one-fourth longer along the radius than it is along the transverse cubitals.
Parapsidal furrows shallow. The keel on the metanotum extends shortly
beyond the middle ; the keels on the basal two abdominal segments are
fine, but distinct ; the segments are irregularly striated in the middle,
the striae intertwining ; the second furrow is wider than the others and
is more strongly crenulated ; the third is narrower and smooth on the
apex. Male.

Length, 8 mm.

Pretoria. February.

The pubescence is dense, short, and white ; it is longer on the meta-
notum. Temples rounded, not much narrowed.

Allied to R. melanocerus, Cam. (also from the Transvaal) ; the latter
may be known from it by the black costa, stigma, and nervures.

Rhogas pallidipalpis, sp. n.

Testaceous ; the antennae, stemmaticum, and tips of mandibles black ;
wings hyaline, the costa and stigma pale testaceous, the nervures paler ;
the second cubital cellule of equal width, not one-fourth longer along the
radius than it is along the transverse cubitals ; legs coloured like the
body, the tips of tarsi slightly infuscated. The keels on the metanotum
and the basal two abdominal segments are weak ; the furrow between
the second and third segments is weakly crenulated ; the first and second
segments are finely closely longitudinally striated, almost reticulated.
Parapsidal furrows distinct on the basal half. Male.

Length, 6 mm.

Kranspoort (Pretoria District). December.

Temples rounded, not much narrowed, the occiput transverse. Head
and thorax finely closely punctured, the latter more strongly than the

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199

former ; the apex of the mesonotum longitudinally striated. Apex of
mesopleurae closely finely striated, the centre smooth and shining. Basal
segment of abdomen closely longitudinally striated and punctured, the
striae more distinct on the apex ; the sculpture on the second is almost
similar, the third is closely weakly punctured ; the second furrow is
weakly crenulated. The pubescence is short, dense, and white.

Rhogas striatifrons, sp. n.

Testaceous ; the antennae darker coloured on the apical half, the
tips of mandibles, the stemmaticum and the greater part of the apical
joint of the tarsi black ; wings clear hyaline, highly iridescent, the costa,
nervures, and stigma pallid testaceous ; basal abscissa of radius half the
length of the second, the second cubital cellule of equal width, one-fourth
longer along the radius than along the transverse cubitals. Basal three
segments of abdomen closely, distinctly striated, the first more strongly
on the sides and in the centre ; the keels are not clearly defined. Male.

Length, 6 mm.

Pretoria. August.

Temples slightly rounded, distinctly obliquely narrowed. Head and
thorax finely, closely punctured, the front distinctly striated, the striae on
the sides obliquely sloped. There is a striated belt on the basal half of the
pronotum. The apex of the hind femora is infuscated.

Rhogas transvaalensis, sp. n.

R.ufo-testaceous ; the legs much paler than the body, the basal third
of the antennae dark testaceous, the rest black, the metanotum and basal
segment of the abdomen infuscated ; wings clear hyaline, the stigma with
the basal half white, the apical pallid fuscous, the nervures pale testaceous,
the second cubital cellule not quite twice longer than wide, the first abscissa
of the radius about one-third of the length of the second. Metanotum
obscurely transversely striated, the keel distinct. Basal two abdominal
segments obscurely, finely striated, the keel on the first distinct, but not
so stout as that on the metanotum, that on the second is weaker. Temples
broadly, roundly narrowed, the occiput transverse. Male.

Length, 4 mm.

Rietfontein No. 57 (Pretoria District). August. Warmberg (Zoutpaus-
berg District). April.

The apex of the mesonotum is irregularly longitudinally striated.
Pleurae more strongly shagreened than the mesonotum. Parapsidal furrows
indicated on basal slope only.

Doryctini.

Xenolobus, gen. n.

Wings with three cubital cellules, the second not half the length of
the third, wider along the radius than along the cubitus ; the radial cellule
long, reaching to the apex of the wing, the radius issuing from the basal
third of the stigma ; the recurrent and anal nervures interstitial ; the
transverse median nervure received not far from the centre. Base of
metanotum with two large raised coloured lobes, narrowed and rounded

200

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

at the apex, longer than wide, extending slightly beyond the middle, there
being a triangular space at the apex between them ; from the top of it a
furrow runs to the apex. The basal two and the basal half of the third
segments are closely longitudinally striated, the basal two with a not very
strong keel down the centre ; there is a narrow but distinct furrow between
the second and third segments ; the basal segment sessile, longer than
wide, and a little longer than the second ; occiput and cheeks margined.
Eyes incised on inner side. Legs stout ; the fore tarsi not much longer
than the tibiae ; the metatarsus as long as the following two joints united.
Spiracles small, round.

The antennae are in the male fully longer than the body and taper
towards the apex. The head is cubital, narrower than the thorax, the
occiput is roundly incised ; the wings are large, yellowish hyaline and
spotted with fuscous. The parapsidal furrows are distinct on apical half.
Eirst abscissa of radius about one-fourth of the length of the second.

The type of the genus has much more the look of one of the Exothecini
than of the Boryctini , especially in its large size and colouration. In the
arrangement of Szepligeti (Gien. Ins., Brae., 63) this genus would come
in near Gymnobracon and Osmophila. It should be readily known by the
two large roundly raised lobes on the metanotum and by the incised eyes.

Xenolobus rufus, sp. n.

Rufous ; the antennae, tips of mandibles, the four posterior tarsi,
the apical joints of anterior and the hinder tibiae black ; wings yellowish
hyaline, a large fuscous triangular cloud along the outer apical three-
fourths of the transverse basal nervure, the apex all round from near the
base of the stigma except for a large irregular oval hyaline cloud extending
from near the costa to near the posterior margin, it extending into the
first cubital cellule as a triangular projection along the radius, the apical
fourth of the hind wings, the cloud extending backwards along the margin
as a double triangle, of which the posterior is the larger and longer. Thorax
and legs covered with short, white pubescence. Male.

Length, 18 mm.

Pretoria. November.

Sides of face broadly, irregularly transversely striated ; the ocelli
bordered by curved pyriform foveae, the space between which and the
eyes is striated. Pro- and mesonotum punctured, the depressed apical
central part of the latter longitudinally strongly striated, the striae more
or less twisted. Scutellum sparsely punctured, the parts bordering it stoutly
striated. Metanotal lobes shagreened, the rest irregularly reticulated ;
the apical slope smooth, with two transverse stout keels. Basal two
segments of the abdomen closely striated, the striae on the first more or less
twisted, that on the apical half of the second much finer than on the basal,
the striae on the basal half of the third finer than on the apex of the second.

Cheloninae.

Chelonus rufoscapus, sp.- n.

Black ; a broad yellowish white band of equal width on the basal fourth
of the abdomen, the antennal scape and the legs, except the coxae, red ;

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201

the palpi white ; wings hyaline, the stigma and nervures black, the basal
nervures at the base and the transverse basal nervure testaceous ; teguiae
black. Densely covered with a white pile. Female.

Length, 3*5 mm.

Pretoria. October.

Antennae sixteen- join ted, as long as the head and thorax united.
The upper inner orbits with a closely longitudinally striated border ; the
sides of the face closely obliquely striated. Mesonotum finely, closely
punctured, the apical half in the centre reticulated, the reticulations square.
Scutellum closely, minutely punctured, the basal furrow crenulated. Meta-
no turn and pleurae alutaceous, the former more strongly than the latter ;
there is a keel down its centre. Base and middle of abdomen striated,
the latter more closely and finely than the former. Basal two abscissae
of radius equal in length, thicker than the third ; the cubitus is roundlv
curved, bullated at the base, the transverse cubital nervure is bullated
in front.

Allied to C. curvimaculatus , Cam. (Annals South African Museum,
V, 34), from which it may be known by the red scape and legs.

Gastrotheca trimaculata, sp. n.

Rufo-testaceous ; the stemmaticum, the hinder part of the vertex
and the occiput black, the whole forming one mark and three large marks
on the mesonotum, black ; wings slightly, but distinctly tinged with
fuscous, the base paler, more yellowish in tint, the stigma and nervures
black. Female.

Length, 5 mm.

“ Cape ” is the locality noted on the specimen. Face shagreened, the
front and vertex smooth, the mesonotum finely punctured, the scutellum
more finely punctured ; the metanotum with a shallow furrow down the
middle. Abdomen closely, distinctly, longitudinally striated, the striae
interlacing ; the terminal spines four times longer than wide, straight,
of almost equal width ; separated by a wider space than the outer edge,
which is serrate. The second abscissa of the radius is fully three times
longer than the first.

Allied to G. furcata, Guer., which may be known from it by there
being no black on the hinder part of the head and only two black lines
on the mesonotum.

Gastrotheca melanocera, sp. n.

Rufo-testaceous ; the head, except the centre of the vertex, paler,
more yellowish in tint ; the apex of abdomen broadly infuscated, the
antennae, stemmaticum, tips of mandibles and claws black ; wings hyaline,
largely and deeply tinged with fuscous, the costa and stigma deep black,
the nervures of a lighter black colour, the nervures testaceous, the apical
darker in tint. Female.

Length, 5 mm.

Lemana (Zoutpansberg District). October.

Rather densely covered with short fulvous pubescence. Face, oral
region and malar space paler, more yellowish in tint than the rest of the

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202

head. Parapsidal furrows shallow, not reaching to the scutellum. Apex
of mesonotum depressed in the middle, reticulated. Scutellum almost
smooth, shining. Metanotum shagreened, broadly round at the apex,
with the sides slightly projecting. Pleurae almost smooth. Abdomen
closely reticulated, more strongly towards the apex than at the base, which
is transverse with the outer edges projecting ; the apical teeth about four
times longer than wide and narrowed towards the apex.

Gasterotheca areolata , sp. n.

Rufo-testaceous ; the antennae, apex of mandibles, stemmaticum and
sheaths of ovipositor black ; covered closed with short white down ; wings
hyaline, tinged with fulvous, the costa and nervures black, the nervures
testaceous. Female.

Length, 7 mm.

Waterval (Zoutpansberg District). December.

Centre of face with a smooth broad keel which becomes gradually
widened (but not much) from the base to the apex. Sides of face, front
and vertex rugose, the latter two more strongly than the former ; the
top of the eye orbits obliquely, closely striated behind. Mesonotum
trilobate, the middle lobe not narrowed to a point at the apex and with
a shallow furrow down the centre ; it is followed by a strongly longitudinally
striated depression ; there is a narrower oblique furrow on the outer lobe
on the apical half. Scutellum finely rugose ; it is followed by a smooth,
shining depression, with a keel down the centre. The base of metanotum
with a large, almost semicircular depression or area in the centre, bearing
some stout striae ; this is followed in the centre by a large triangular
area, the keels bounding it being curved towards the apex ; it is irregularly
transversely striated and has down the centre two keels which slightly
converge towards the apex ; there are a few transverse keels between
them ; the sides of the metanotum are margined by a keel. Propleurae
smooth except for a few striae in the central hollow. Mesopleurae finely,
closely, indistinctly punctured; there is a wide oblique furrow on the base
near the top, this furrow being striated moderately strongly and extends
from the base to the apex. Except at the depressed base the metapleurae
are rugosely, obliquely punctured. Abdomen closely, rugosely reticulated
with a narrow keel down the centre of the basal half ; this central keel is
enclosed by a broad rufous-fuscous mark, which extends beyond it ; the
apical spines are long — about five times longer than they are wide at the
base — and become narrowed towards the apex ; the part between them
forms a broad crenulated round curve, the sides at the apex being also
crenulated.

Minanga bimaculata , sp. n.

Rufo-luteous ; the antennae and a wide longish line on the lateral
lobe of the mesonotum, black ; wings hyaline, the costa, parastigma, and
stigma black, the nervures testaceous, darker coloured beyond the stigma.
Female.

Length, 4*5 mm.

Transvaal.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

203

Smooth and shining ; the apex of mesonotum sparsely, weakly
punctured ; the scutellum more strongly and weakly punctured. Meta-
notum with three broad, longitudinal smooth keels down the centre ;
inside them, near the middle, are two stout transverse keels ; outside them
is a shallow wide depression, with a few irregular transverse striae ; the
outer side is coarsely, mostly longitudinally striated, almost reticulated.
Pleurae smooth, the base of the metapleurae with a closely, finely striated
band. On the basal third of the abdomen, down the centre, are three
stout keels, the outer converging and uniting with the central ; the space
between them at the base is transversely incised, the sides projecting ; at
their apex is a similar area, but longer and wider at the base, which is
formed by the transverse keel at the apex of the basal lateral keels ; these
areae are stoutly transversely striated; they are bordered by transverse
striae, outside of which, and beyond them, the segment is irregularly
rather strongly and closely reticulated ; on the apex are two rounded
incisions, the part separating the two forming a longish triangular tooth ;
outside the incisions the apex is irregularly toothed. The basal abscissa
of the cubitus is slightly roundly curved towards the costa ; the second
is broadly roundly curved backwards ; the apical abscission of the radius
is as long as the basal two united.

Phanerotoma curvimaculata, sp. n.

Luteous ; the apex of the antennae fuscous, a large rufo-fuscous
mark on the centre of the second segment ; it becomes gradually widened
towards the apex, where there is a semicircular incision ; the third segment
is fuscous, except on the sides and for an incision, longer than wide,
transverse at the base, rounded at the apex in the centre ; the legs are
similarly coloured, but paler, and with the apex of the hind tibiae and the
hind tarsi infuscated. Wings hyaline, iridescent, the stigma and para-
stigma pallid testaceous ; the first transverse cubital nervure broadly,
roundly curved, the much shorter second straight, and oblique. Female.

Length, 5*5 mm.

Face bluntly keeled down the centre, smooth ; the space on either
side of the keel closely, finely obliquely striated. Front closely, irregularly
obliquely striated and with a smooth furrow down the centre. Vertex
irregularly closely punctured. Prothorax finely punctured, the pleurae
more or less striated. Mesonotum finely reticulated, more finely so at
the base. The scutellum forms almost an equilateral triangle, and is
finely irregularly striated ; the parts bordering it are more strongly
obliquely striated. Base of metanotum closely, irregularly striated ; the
apical slope irregularly reticulated. Mesopleurae obliquely striated, the
striae more or less interlacing. Upper half of metapleurae irregularly
punctured, the lower irregularly obliquely striated. Basal two segments
of abdomen somewhat strongly, closely, irregularly striated, the other
finely rugulose, and more densely covered with white pile than the others.

Phanerotoma pallidipes, sp. n.

Kufo-testaceous ; the abdomen and legs pallid yellow, the third
abdominal segment darker coloured (perhaps discoloured) ; the apex of

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Annals of the Tkansvaal Museum.

the hind femora narrowly and the apical fourth of the hind tibiae dark
fuscous ; wings clear hyaline, the apical half of the stigma and the radius
fuscous, the apical abscissa of the radius broadly roundly curved towards
the costa ; the basal third of the second abscissa of the cubitus obliterated ;
the first transverse cubital nervure broadly, roundly curved ; the second
about one-third of its length, thinner, straight, oblique ; the first recurrent
nervure is received very shortly beyond the first transverse cubital ; the
apical half of the first cubital cellule has a faint fuscous cloud. Head,
pro- and mesothorax finely, closely punctured, the head more strongly,
than the thorax, the clypeus more shining and less closely punctured,
the apical half of the scutellum smooth. The parts bordering the scutellum
strongly striated. Basal half of metanotum longitudinally rugose ; the
apical closely reticulated. Propleurae and prosternum pallid yellow,
almost smooth. Mesopleurae finely, closely rugosely punctured, as are
also the metapleurae, but they bear also some striae. Basal two segments
of abdomen with shallow clearly separated punctures, the third finely,
closely rugose. Female and male.

Length, 4-5 mm.

The space between the ocelli is black.

Pretoria. November and December.

Phanerotoma curvicarinata, sp. n.

Similar as regards size and coloration to P. pcdlidipes described
above ; the two may be separated thus :

Apex of scutellum punctured like the base, a stout transverse keel on the top of
apical slope of metanotum, basal two segments of abdomen finely, closely,
longitudinally striated, the basal third with a curved keel on either side, the two
converging towards the apex. curvicarinata.

Apex of scutellum smooth, no transverse keel on metanotum, basal two segments of
abdomen with scattered punctures and without longitudinal keels. fyhttidipest.

The basal two abdominal segments are pallid yellow like the legs,
which have the apex of the hind femora, a band near the base of the hind
tibiae and their apical third rufo-testaceous. The apical abscissa of the
radius is not roundly curved towards the costa as in pcdlidipes, but almost
straight, oblique ; the apical abscissa of the cubitus is faint, almost obsolete.

Pretoria. December.

SlGALPHINAE.

Foersteria nitida, sp. n.

Black ; the head and thorax smooth and shining, the apex of the
femora and the base of tibiae broadly rufo-testaceous ; wings clear hyaline,
the nervures fuscous, the stigma and parastigma black : the abdomen
almost opaque, finely longitudinally alutaceous, almost striated. Female.

Length, body and ovipositor, 4*5 mm.

Bronkhorstspruit (Pretoria District). December.

Metanotum finely, closely reticulated, more or less irregularly longi-
tudinally striated. Parapsidal furrows deep, not reaching to the apex of
the mesonotum. The second abdominal segment is slightly but distinctly
longer than the third Radius roundly curved, the radial cellule sharply^

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

205

pointed at the apex ; in front it is bordered by a distinct nervure which
extends beyond the radius ; the recurrent nervure is received at the base
of the apical fourth of the first cubital cellule ; the cubitus ends shortly
beyond the transverse cubitus ; the anal nervures is a little longer than
it. There is a narrow, smooth, shining line down the middle of the second
and third abdominal segments. Head fully as wide as the thorax. The
basal alar nervures are paler than the apical. The amount of testaceous
colour on the legs appears to vary.

I place this species in Foersteria rather than in Sigalphus, because
the second abdominal segment is longer than the third.

Agathidinae.

Disophrys erythropus, sp. n.

Rufous ; the antennae black, the wings fuscous, the first cubital
cellule except along cubitus, an irregular cloud along the outer side of the
recurrent nervure, extending below it to the anal nervure, a cloud before
the transverse basal nervure, a smaller one before the transverse median
and a still smaller one on its outer side, and one in the base of the radial
cellule in the posterior wings, hyaline. Metanotal areola smooth, triangular,
appendiculated ; there is a large irregular lateral area ; the keel bounding
it is roundly curved ; from its middle a straight keel runs to the apex,
there being a rounded keel outside this.

Face closely punctured, the front and vertex smooth. Pro- and
mesothorax weakly, sparsely punctured, the furrows weakly crenulated.
The basal part of the metanotum smooth in the centre, the sides with broken
striae; the apical part in the centre closely, strongly, the sides sparsely,
irregularly striated. The lower mesopleural furrow is shallow and is
strongly crenulated. Male.

Length, 10 mm.

Waterval (Zoutpa>nsberg District). November.

Head, thorax, and legs covered closely with a white pile. The alar
stigma is pale ochraceous except at the apex ; the nervures at the hyaline
spaces are pale, the other nervures are darker, especially on the outer
edges. Palpi of a paler rufous colour than the head. The suture between
the first and second abdominal segment is deep laterally, very shallow in
the centre. Areolet about one-fourth shorter along the radius than along
the cubitus ; the first transverse cubital nervure is roundly curved.

Allied to D. rufa , Cam. (Annals South African Museum, V, 38) which
may be known from it by the head being largely marked with black.

Crassomicrodus curvinervis, sp. n.

Luteous ; the antennae except the base and inner side of the scape,
the back of the second abdominal segment broadly in the middle, the
sheath of the ovipositor and the tarsi, black ; wings fuscous hyaline ;
lighter coloured at the base, the stigma and nervures black, the transverse
cubital nervure roundly curved, becoming gradually thickened in front,
the end oblique, the first transverse cubital nervure straight, oblique,
the second roundly curved, the recurrent nervure with the front half

3

206

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

roundly curved backwards, united to the first transverse cubital. Meta-
notum with two rows of areae of three each ; the central in both narrower
than the lateral ; the anterior central becoming gradually widened towards
the apex ; the posterior becoming narrowed ; the posterior is wider than
the anterior. Female.

Length, 7 mm.

Pretoria. 26th March.

The top and sides of the face punctured, but not strongly or closely.
There is a curved keel, roundly narrowed below, on the middle of the
front. Mesonotum closely punctured ; trilobate, the middle lobe short,
ending in a keel ; the sides of the lateral lobes at this keel obliquely sloped,
irregularly obliquely striated. Scutellar depression large and bearing
three straight keels. Pro- and mesopleurae finely and closely, the upper
half of the metapleurae more strongly punctured, the lower closely,
irregularly obliquely striated. Scutellum strongly, but not very closely
punctured, it becomes gradually roundly narrowed to the apical fourth,
which has the sides straight and the apex transverse. Post-scutellum
depressed ; it becomes gradually narrowed to a sharp point, and is followed
by a keel.

MICKOGASTEKINAE.

Apanteles, Foer.

The species of this useful genus of Braconidae appear to be numerous
in South Africa. The species here described may be separated as follows : —

1 (8) Legs rufo- testaceous, the sides of the basal abdominal seg-

ments testaceous.

2 (3) The basal two abdominal segments broadly rufo-testaceous,

the abdomen broader and shorter than the thorax ; the areolet
half closed. euryg aster.

3 (2) The basal abdominal segments narrowly testaceous, the

abdomen as long and narrower than the thorax.

4 (5) The centre of the metanotum and its outer edges keeled,

the stigma testaceous. fuscinervis.

5 (4) The metanotum not keeled, the stigma fuscous.

6 (7) The apex of the hind femora, of the hind tibiae, more

broadly, and the hind tibiae, black ; the pleurae shining.

testaceiventris .

7 (6) The hind legs not marked with black, the pleurae opaque.

testaceolineatus .

8 (1) Legs largely black, the rest not rufo-testaceous.

9 (10) The basal ventral segments rufo-testaceous, the basal trans-

verse nervures forming a broad, rounded curve, without an
angle, between the stigma and the cubitus. africanus.

10 (9) The basal ventral segments black, the basal transverse

nervures bluntly angled between the stigma and cubitus.

transvaalensis .

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

207

Apanteles euryg aster, sp. n.

Black ; the sides of the basal two abdominal segments broadly rufo-
testaceous, the legs of a deeper rufo-testaceous colour, the hind legs with
the coxae, apex of hind femora narrowly, of the hind tibiae more broadly
and the hind tarsi black ; wings hyaline, the stigma and the transverse
cubital nervures fuscous, the basal nervures pale ; the second cubital cellule
is twice longer than it is wide at the apex, where it is almost closed ; the
anterior part of the cubitus is almost twice longer than the posterior.
Metanotum smooth and shining, a narrow keel down the middle, the sides
and apex more strongly keeled. First abdominal segment as long as it
is wide at the apex, the base in the middle widely depressed ; the second
segment is a little longer than the third. Genitial armature testaceous,
black at the apex. Male.

Length, 3 mm.

Pretoria. May.

Head and thorax densely covered with short white pubescence. The
central keel on the metanotum is striated on either side. The abdomen
is broader than it is with the other species and the areolet shows an approach
to the closed one of Microgaster.

Apanteles africanus , sp. n.

Black ; the anterior legs except the coxae, the middle except the
coxae, trochanters and basal half of femora and basal ventral segment,
testaceous ; the hind legs black, the basal third of the tibiae and of the
tarsi very narrowly testaceous, the calcaria whitish testaceous ; wings
hyaline, the stigma fuscous, the nervures pale, the transverse radial nervure
broadly rounded. Palpi almost white. Head and thorax shagreened,
the metanotum hardly more strongly than the rest, its sides margined.
First abdominal segment about one-fourth longer than wide, the second
segment shorter than the third ; the back has a bluish tinge. Female.

Length, 3 mm.

Pretoria. Bred.

The cocoon is clear white. Head and thorax covered with short,
white pubescence. The scutellum is bounded by a crenulated furrow
laterally.

Apanteles fuscinervis, sp. n.

Black ; the sides of the first abdominal segment and of the second
rufo-testaceous ; the line on the first becoming gradually widened towards
the apex, that on the second narrow, of equal width, the basal half of the
ventral surface similarly coloured ; the legs of a brighter rufo-testaceous
colour, the hind coxae, apex of hind femora, more than the apical third
of the hind tibiae and the hind tarsi, black ; wings hyaline, the costa,
stigma, and nervures pale testaceous. Metanotum finely, closely
punctured all over ; there is a weak keel down the centre and the sides
and apex are bounded by stronger keels. Male.

Length, 3*5 mm.

Rietfontein No. 57 (Pretoria District). July.

208

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

The first abdominal segment is about one-fourth longer than it is
wide at the apex ; the second is shagreened and is longer than the third.
The furrow bordering the seutellum is wide and is irregularly crenulated.

Apanteles transvaalensis, sp. n.

Black ; shining, legs black, the front pair except the coxae, the apex
of middle femora, their tibiae and tarsi, the basal half of the hind tibiae,
the basal joint of the hind tarsi at the basal fourth and the base of the
other joints very narrowly, testaceous, as are also the calcaria ; wings
hyaline, the stigma dark fuscous, paler at the base, the nervures pale,
except the hinder part of the transverse cubital, which is fuscous. Palpi
testaceous. Face covered densely with white pubescence, the thorax
more sparsely pilose. Female.

Length, 2 mm.

Pretoria. April.

Head and thorax shagreened ; the metanotum finely punctured ;
there are two faint keels on its base, converging towards the base, and
two more distinct ones on the apex converging towards the apex. Basal
segment of the abdomen distinctly longer than it is wide at the apex,
coarsely shagreened ; the other segments very shining, slightly tinged
with blue ; the second and third are not clearly separated. The front
part of the transverse cubital nervure is slightly longer and distinctly
thinner than the posterior ; it is roundly angled outwardly at the junction.
Antennae covered with a fuscous, microscopic pile.

Apanteles testaceolineatus, sp. n.

Black ; the sides of the basal two abdominal segments above pale
testaceous, the line on the second widened towards the apex, that on the
second towards the base, the ventral surface of a more reddish testaceous
colour ; legs rufo-testaceous ; palpi pale testaceous ; wings hyaline, the
stigma and nervures fuscous, the basal nervures paler ; the transverse
cubital nervure not much narrowed posteriorly. Female.

Length, 3 mm.

Smooth and shining ; sparsely covered with a white microscopic
pile ; the metanotum finely punctured, not keeled. First abdominal
segment about one-half longer than it is wide at the apex ; the second is
about one quarter shorter than the third, which has a triangular testaceous
mark on the sides, wider than that on the second. The transverse cubital
nervure is wider than the others. Legs densely covered with a white pile,
the hind coxae are black, the apex of the hind tibiae and the hind tarsi
infuscated.

Apanteles testaceioventris , sp. n.

Black ; the ventral surface rufo-testaceous, the sides of the first and
second dorsal segments pale testaceous, that on the first widened towards
the apex, that on the second narrower, of equal width ; legs testaceous,
the hind coxae black, the apex of the hind femora narrowly, of the hind
tibiae more broadly (the apical fourth) and the hind tarsi black, the base
of the tarsal joints testaceous ; wings hyaline, the stigma and nervures
black ; the posterior part of the transverse cubitus shorter than the

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

209

anterior and forming a distinct angle at tlie junction ; the stump of the
cubitus forms a sharp narrow angle with it. Metanotum shining at the
base, punctured, the punctures distinct and clearly separated, the rest is
closely punctured ; this apical part being less than the basal. Male.

Length, 3 mm.

First abdominal segment hardly one-half longer than it is wide at
the apex ; its apex, on the black central part, smooth in the middle, the
sides closely punctured. The second segment is fully half the length of
the third.

This species is closely related to A. testaceolineatus, here described ; it
may be known from it by the black apex of hind femora and tibiae and tarsi,
by the shorter, more acutely angled posterior part of the transverse cubital
nervure and by the less closely punctured basal part of the metanotum.

BLACINAE.

Cyclocormus, gen. nov.

Head not margined, if anything, wider than the thorax ; the temples
roundly narrowed ; the clypeus separated from the face. Antennae
longer than the body, thirty-five-jointed ; the third joint, if anything,
shorter than the fourth. The first abscissa of the radius not one-fourth
of the length of the second, which is slightly roundly .curved ; the trans-
verse median nervure is received shortly beyond the transverse basal ;
anal nervure roundly curved, not interstitial ; the second discoidal cellule
open at the apex, the nervure being very faint, if not obliterated beyond
the anal nervure.

The discoidal and cubital cellules are separated ; the apical nervures
in the hind wings are obliterated. Tarsi shorter than the tibiae. Meta-
notum short, broadly rounded behind, without areae or keels. Mesopleurae
without a furrow.

In the arrangement of Szepligeti (Gen. Ins., Braconidae, 138), this
genus would come near Blacus, Nees., which may be readily separated
from it by the third antennal joint being longer than the fourth, by the
margined vertex and cheeks, by the mesopleurae being furrowed, and
by the tarsi being also as long as the tibiae. The antennae appear to have
more joints than Blacus , which has only seventeen in the female.

Cyclocormus luteus , sp. n.

Pale luteous ; the head and legs paler coloured than the body, the
apical half of the antennae and the base and apex of the abdomen infus-
cated, as are also the apices of the basal joints of the flagellum of the
antennae narrowly ; wings hyaline, the stigma fuscous, its base and the
parastigma pale. Smooth and shining, almost bare. Female.

Length, 2 * 5 mm. ; terebra, 3 mm.

Pretoria. October.

First abscissa of radius two-thirds of the length of the transverse
cubital nervure.

210

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Macrocentrinae.

Macrocentrus luteus, sp. n.

Luteous ; the flagellum of antennae, stemmaticum, and the tips of
the mandibles black, the antennal scape darker coloured than the head ;
the hind tibiae black, except at the base, the tarsi infuscated ; wings
hyaline, the stigma and nervures black, the parastigma pale ; the first
abscissa of radius half the length of the second ; the first transverse
cubital nervure one-third longer than the second ; the second abscissa of
cubitus and the radius in the hind wings roundly curved. Mesonotum
distinctly tribolate, the furrows crenulated ; there is a wide, transversely
striated band between the middle lobe and the base of scutellum. Smooth
and shining, the face closely punctured, more weakly and sparsely on the
sides than in the centre. Male.

Length, 10 mm.

Doornfontein (Pretoria District). January.

The antennae are slender and about one-half longer than the body..
The long spur of the hind tibiae is about half the length of the metatarsus.
The transverse median nervure is not quite interstitial, being received
very shortly beyond the transverse basal.

Macrocentrus pallidistigmas, sp. n.

Luteous ; the stemmaticum and apical half of mandibles black, the
antennal scape luteous, the basal half of flagellum fuscous, the apical black ;
wings hyaline, the stigma and parastigma pallid livid testaceous, the costa
testaceous, the nervures black ; the first abscissa of the radius nearly
two-thirds of the length of the second, and shorter than the first transverse
cubital ; the two transverse cubital nervures and the third abscissa of
the cubitus are largely bullated ; the latter is roundly curved, as is also
the radius in the hind wings on the basal half. Male.

Length, 9 mm.

Rietfontein No. 57 (Pretoria District). February.

The sides of the front are obscurely striated ; the face is finely closely
punctured. Mesonotum smooth, the furrows obscurely crenulated. Meta-
notum closely punctured, the punctures on the apical half running into
reticulations. Propleurae smooth at the base, the rest for the most part
rather strongly punctured ; the mesopleurae closely but not so strongly
punctured ; the metapleurae more strongly and more irregularly punctured.

Macrocentrus latisulcatus, sp. n.

Luteous ; the legs at the base paler ; the stemmaticum and mandibular
teeth black ; the antennae fuscous, the basal third luteous ; wings hyaline ;
the basal half of stigma pale, the apical fuscous, the nervures black, the
first abscissa of the radius slightly but distinctly longer than the second.
Parapsidal furrows smooth. Metanotum opaque, finely transversely
striated, more strongly on the apical half ; the metapleural furrow wide,
narrowed at the base, stoutly, widely crenulated. First abdominal seg-
ment and the base of the second finely, closely striated. Propleurae
sparsely, weakly punctured, the furrow regularly striated ; the mesopleurae

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211

finely, distinctly, closely punctured all over, the metapleurae much more
coarsely and more closely punctured. Female and male.

Length, 6 mm. ; terebra, 7 mm.

Lekkerwater (Zoutpansberg District). September. Groenvlei (Pretoria
District). January.

The pubescence is short and white.

Macrocentrus nigro-ornatus, sp. n.

Luteous ; the stemmaticum, mandibular teeth, the greater part of
the metanotum, the first abdominal segment and the basal half of the
second, black ; wings hyaline, the stigma fuscous, pale at the base and
in front, the nervures black, the first abscissa of the radius about two-thirds
of the length of the second, the second transverse cubital nervure about
two:thirds of the length of the first ; the cubitus at the second cubital
cellule roundly curved. Parapsidal furrows smooth ; the metanotum
shagreened, the basal two segments of the abdomen finely closely striated.
Propleurae smooth, the mesopleurae smooth above and at the apex, the
rest punctured, but not very strongly or closely, the metapleurae more
strongly and closely punctured. Female.

Length, 5 mm. ; terebra, 5 mm.

Pretoria. October.

The legs, especially at the base, are paler, more yellowish in colour.

Macrocentrus annulicornis, sp. n.

Luteous ; the joints on the basal half of the flagellum narrowly
annulated with black on the apex, the apical half of the flagellum fuscous ;
the stemmaticum and mandibular teeth black ; wings hyaline, the stigma
and parastigma pallid, livid testaceous, the costa testaceous at the base,
the nervures in the fore wings black, in the hinder pale ; the first abscissa
of radius fully three-fourths of the length of the second, which is as long
as the first transverse cubital nervure ; the third abscissa of cubitus is
rounded and is largely bullated at the base. Female.

Length, 7 mm. ; terebra, 7 mm.

Pretoria.

The legs are paler coloured than the body ; the scutellar depression
is large and strongly striated.

The following is a synoptical table of the species of Macrocentrus
described above : —

1 (2) Stigma black, the second abscissa of radius three times longer

than the first. luteus .

2 (1) Stigma pallid testaceous, the second abscissa at the most

twice the length of the first.

3 (4) The metanotum and base of abdomen for the greater part

black. nigro-ornatus.

4 (3) The metanotum and base of abdomen immaculate.

5 (6) The antennae with the joints of their basal half marked with

black. annulicornis.

6 (5) The antennal joints not marked with black.

212

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

7 (8) Pterostigma testaceous throughout, the first abscissa of the

radius two-thirds of the length of the second ; length 9 mm.

pallidistigmus .

8 (7) Pterostigma fuscous, broadly pale at the base, the first abscissa

of the radius as long as the second ; length 6 mm. latisulcatus .

Alysiinae.

Coelalysia, gen. nov.

Metanotum irregularly areolated ; the spiracles small, longish oval.
Parapsidal furrows deep, distinctly defined, converging towards the apex.
Scutellum large, flat. Post-scutellum raised, the sides bordered by stout
raised keels. Radial cellule large ; the first abscissa of the radius one-
fourth of the length of the second, which is shorter than the first transverse
cubital nervure ; the recurrent nervure is received in the second cubital
cellule ; the radius issues from the apical fourth of the stigma ; the second
discoidal cellule is open at the apex below, the nervure being distinctly
bullated there. Mesopleural furrow crenulated. The first abdominal
segment is striated, the others smooth and shining, with narrow furrows.
The third antennal joint is distinctly shorter than the fourth.

The eyes are rather small, oval ; the malar space is not half their
length. Clypeus separated from the face, which is more convex and
rounded. The upper mandibular tooth is longer and more sharply pointed
than the lower ; the two are clearly separated. Calcaria short, the claws
slender, simple. The second cubital cellule is large, narrowed towards the
apex and five-angled ; the transverse median nervure received beyond the
transverse basal.

In the arrangement of Szepligeti (Glen. Ins., Braconidae, p. 205), this
genus runs near to the little known genus Symphanes , Foer., which may
be known from it by the third and following abdominal segments not being
clearly separated, by the metanotum not being keeled, and by the third
and fourth antennal joints being of equal length.

Coelalysia lutea, sp. n.

Luteous ; the flagellum of antennae, inner mandibular tooth, ocelli,
the greater part of the sixth and the following two abdominal segments,
black ; the hind tibiae and metatarsus blackish ; wings hyaline, the stigma
and nervures black. Smooth and shining ; the metanotum with a stout
keel down the middle, the sides with a thinner keel which curves roundly
outwardly at the base ; on the sides of the apical slope is a rounded keel.
Apex of first abdominal segment distinctly, but not closely, longitudinally
striated, the other segments smooth and shining. The third joint of the
antennae is distinctly shorter than the fourth. The space between the
parastigma and stigma is pale. Male.

Length, 4 mm.

Waterval (.Zoutpansberg District). December.

The metathorax is densely covered with longish white pubescence,
its base is smooth ; in the centre of the apex are two keels which roundly

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

213

converge towards each other at their top, outside them is a short, roundly
curved keel ; the sides are bordered by a broadly rounded keel. The
metapleurae has a distinct, crenulated, longitudinal furrow.

CHALCTDIDAE.

Cratocentrus, Cam.

Cratocentrus auropilosus, sp. n.

Black ; the antennae, lower edge of the clypeus, the lower half of the
front and face broadly, the vertex behind the ocelli, the line broadest in
the middle, the outer orbits narrowly, the malar space, the base and apex
of pronotum, the latter from the apex to the crenulated ridge, more than
the apical half of the pro-pleurae, the lower half except narrowly at the
base, the scutellum, the mesopleurae at the base above, the mesopleural
furrow, the base of the first abdominal segment from shortly beyond the
slope, the basal third of the second segment, its apex narrowly and the
ventral surface, the terminal segment except for a black triangular mark
on the base above, extending near to the middle, the sheath of the
ovipositor except at the apex and the legs, red ; the hind femora except
round the top and lower edge on the outer side, black ; there are thirteen
short, broad teeth on the hind femora, the basal one larger than
the others. Wings hyaline, the apex clouded, the cloud rounded at the
base ; a narrow, curved cloud runs from the stigmal branch ; the nervures
black. The body and legs are densely covered with silvery pubescence ;
there is a broad band of depressed golden pubescence on the basal half of
the second segment on the sides, not extending to the central third ; the
apical segments are also covered with golden pubescence. Female.

Length, 9 mm. ; terebra, 4 mm.

Pretoria. Bred.

Head and thorax closely, rugosely punctured ; the basal slope of the
pronotum smooth, the apex coarsely reticulated, as is also, but more
closely, the scutellum ; the space bordering the post-scutellum and a furrow
on the base of the metanotum crenulated ; the apex of the latter is longi-
tudinally striated ; this striated central part is bordered by a stout roundly
curved keel, which is continued more narrowly down the outer edge of
the apex ; the upper outer part is densely covered with longish depressed
silvery white pubescence ; the lower edge projects into a bluntly rounded
reddish tooth. The mesopleural depression has the upper two-thirds
finely closely striated, the lower part is smooth, bare, and shining. The
lower edge of the sheath of the ovipositor is irregularly punctured. The
apex of the scutellum below is bordered by a furrow, which projects bluntly
in the middle and has a furrow behind it.

214

Annals of the Tkansvaal Museum.

PERILAMPIDAE.

Perilampus, Latr.

Perilampus testaceitarsis, sp. n.

Black, shining ; the flagellum of the antennae rufous, the tarsi tes-
taceous, black at the apex ; wings hyaline, the nervures testaceous. Head,
shining, the* hinder part of the vertex and the occiput transversely striated
distinctly, but not very closely. Pro- and mesonotum umbilicafly punctate,
the apex of the latter more strongly than the rest ; the scutellum is still
more strongly umbilically punctate. Pleurae smooth and shining, the
raised apex of the propleurae coarsely reticulated. Metanotum smooth
and shining, bare, a crenulated furrow at the base ; a furrow, widened
above, down the centre ; there is a keel down its middle with two trans-
verse keels on either side of the centre.

Length, 5 mm. Female.

Pretoria. September.

The scutellum has the sides and apex margined, the latter more
strongly than the former, and with the centre narrowly transverse. The
mandibles are of a darker red than the antennae ; their teeth black.
The fore tibiae are red at the base and apex in front ; the hind femora
have a bluish tint.

Chalcis, F. sec.

Chalcis tmnsvaalensis, sp. n.

Black ; the legs bright red, the base of the four anterior coxae and
the femoral teeth black ; the apex of the anterior femora broadly, of the
middle more narrowly, a spot on the apex of the posterior, the base and
apex of the four anterior tibiae, a band near the base of the hinder and a
broader one on the apex, white ; the lower part of the antennal scape
obscure red. Wings hyaline, the nervures black. Tegulae white. Femoral
teeth ten in number, the basal two small and close together. Female.

Length, 4 mm.

Head strongly punctured, the vertex behind the ocelli umbilically so ;
the sides at the depression weakly, the face and clypeus strongly,
irregularly punctured. Thorax above, with the scutellum umbilically
punctate ; the metanotum coarsely reticulated. Abdomen smooth, the
apical segments fringed with white pubescence. Female.

Length, 4 mm.

Bred.

Propleurae aciculated, the mesopleurae smooth, the lower part and
the sternum reticulated ; there are five distinct foveae bordering the
lower half of the base. Metapleurae reticulated like the metanotum except
for an aciculated space at the base above. The malar space margined
on the inner side. There is no clearly defined areola on the metanotum ;
the centre is without an areola and is bordered by two oblique keels,
forming longish areae. The apical lobes of the scutellum are short, broadly
rounded and hollowed. Sides of metanotum broadly rounded, untoothed.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

215

The apical abdominal segments form a short broad sheath, showing an
approach to Phasgonophora or Trigonvura as in C. capensis, Cam. (Ree.
Alb. Mus., I, 311) to which this species is closely allied.

Note. — In my description of capensis, 1. c., in the fourth line from the
bottom of the page, for “ mesonotum ” read “ mesopleurae ”.

Oncochalcis, Cam.

= Holcochalcis , Kief., Berl. Ent. Zeit. XLIX, 258.

Uncochalcis lissostoma, sp. n.

Black ; the tegulae, apex of anterior femora, the black part obliquely
narrowed towards the apex, a spot on the apex of the hind femora above
and the tibiae, pale yellow ; the apex of the middle femora and the tarsi
reddish testaceous ; the hind femora from shortly behind the middle red,
the black basal mark roundly narrowed ; there are eleven distinct teeth,
followed by six minute ones close together, the termina, one short, broad,
indistinct. Apex of scutellum broadly rounded and fringed with silvery
hair. The face, cheeks, and metapleura densely covered with long silvery
pubescence ; the second and following abdominal segments fringed with
silvery hair. Wings clear hyaline, the nervures black ; the tegulae whitish
yellow. Female.

Length, 4 mm.

Groenvlei (Pretoria District). January.

Bred.

Face and clypeus smooth ; the sides of the vertex strongly, obliquely
striated ; the occiput irregularly, obliquely, reticulated-striated. Pro- and
mesothorax umbilically punctured all over, the prothorax finer than the
rest. Metanotum strongly reticulated, without an areola ; it is short,
with the sides broadly rounded. Sheath of ovipositor broad, projecting.

Allied to 0. rotundata, Cam. (Zeits., f. Hymen, ii Dipter, 1905, 231)
which is also from South Africa and has, like the present species, the apex
of the scutellum not bilobate, the hind femora, too, being entirely red.

Eurytominae.

Eurytoma transvaalensis, sp. n.

Black ; the head, thorax, and apical segments of the abdomen densely
covered with silvery white pubescence ; the under side of the antennal
scape rufous beneath, the legs white, the coxae, the greater part of the
four anterior femora — about the basal three-fourths — and the posterior to
near the apex, black ; the tibiae are tinged with fulvous more or less broadly
in the middle — the fulvous tint varying in depth, inclining to black in one
example — the apical tarsal joint fuscous to black ; wings clear hyaline,
the nervures pale testaceous. Female.

Length, 3 ‘5 mm.

Pretoria. Bred.

Antennae stout, the flagellum densely covered with white pubescence ;
the third joint becoming gradually thickened towards the apex, about
one-quarter longer than the fourth. Parapsidal furrows clearly defined,

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

216

deep, straight, converging towards the apex. Sides of metanotum broadly
rounded, the middle depressed, finely obliquely striated on the upper
half, the lower with fine striae which form almost reticulations. The
last abdominal segment forms a longish triangular projection ; the apex
of the sheath of the ovipositor is testaceous. The abdomen is hardly so
long as the meso- and metathorax united ; the petiole is short. Marginal
vein distinctly thicker and not quite so long as the post-marginal ; the
stigmal vein ending in a semicircular thickening.

The colouration of the legs probably varies.

Allied to E. capensis, Wlk., and E. natalensis, Cam.

Eurytoma palliditarsis, sp. n.

Black ; the head, thorax, apical segments of abdomen and legs densely
covered with white pubescence ; the antennal scape, mandibles, palpi,
and legs rufo-fulvous, the hind tibiae at the base and apex and the hind
tarsi white ; the flagellum of the antennae testaceous, infuscated above ;
wings hyaline, the nervures whitish. Female.

Length, 2*5 mm.

Pretoria. September “ from a gall ”.

Flagellum of antennae stout, covered with white pubescence ; the
third joint about one-fourth longer than the fourth. Metanotum obscurely
striated, the top and outer edges bordered by a keel, which is broadly
rounded above, and there is a straight keel down the centre. The marginal
vein is distinctly longer than the post-marginal, and is distinctly longer
than it, and projects only very slightly beyond the stigmal vein, which is
semicircuiarly dilated below.

IDARNINAE.

Tetragonaspis, Mayr.

Euhoebelea (?) testaceipes, sp. n.

Black ; the antennal scape, the pedicle, the legs, the apical segments
of the abdomen above, and the ventral segments testaceous ; the face,
clypeus, oral region, palpi, and mandibles of a darker, more rufous,
testaceous colour ; the flagellum dark rufo-testaceous ; wings clear hyaline,
the nervures dark testaceous, the stigmal branch paler. Female.

Length, 2*5 mm. ; terebra, 8 mm.

Pretoria. Bred.

Head and thorax, except the metanotum (which is smooth and shining),
opaque, the abdomen smooth, shining. Joints of flagellum wider than
long. The post-marginal branch is a little longer than the marginal ;
the stigmal branch is two-thirds of its length. Parapsidal furrows distinct,
curved roundly, not commencing at the base of the mesonotum, but at
the sides, distant from the base. Scutellum large, quadrangular, of equal
width, longer than wide. Ocelli in a curve, the hinder widely separated,
placed close to the eyes. The antennae are not much thickened towards

the apex ; the third joint is longer than thick and longer than the fourth.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

217

Metanotum shorter than the scutellum. Temples very short, the occiput
not transverse. The hinder ocelli are placed before the end of the eyes.
The scutellum has not “ longitudinal grooved lines ”.

The species described above does not fit into any of the described
genera. It is clearly related to Idarnes, Walker (which, according to
Ashmead, Mem. Carnegie Mus., I, 238, is identical with Tetragonaspis,
Mayr., cf. also Mayr., Wiener Ent. Zeit., XXV, 164), and EuJcoebelea , Ashm.

It differs from Idarnes , Wlk., sec. Ashm., in the body not being metallic
and in the joints of the antennae not being twice longer than thick ; from
EuJcoebelea in the ocelli not being “ arranged nearly in a straight line %
but almost in a triangle as in Idarnes ; from both it differs in the scutellum
not having two longitudinal grooved lines ; the scutellum otherwise is as
in these two genera, being flat, broad, and quadrate. In body form it is
like Tetragonaspis as figured by Mayr. (Yerh. z-b. Ges. Wien., XXXV, pi. xii,
f. 28), but has the post-marginal branch in the wings much shorter as.
compared with the marginal, the temples, too, being less developed.

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DESCRIPTIONS OF TRANSVAAL MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.

Bv E. Meyrick, B.A., F.R.S.

II.

A further instalment of interesting material is here described, partly
as before, from the collection of Mr. A. J. T. Janse, partly from specimens
in the Transvaal Museum collected by Mr. C. J. Swierstra. There is a
marked generic relationship between this fauna and that of Southern
Europe, whence it was probably mainly derived.

Pterophoridae.

Trichoptilus congrualis, Walk.

Haenertsburg in December (Swierstra).

Oxyptilus secutor , n. sp.

Male, 19 mm. Head and thorax fuscous, apex of patagia whitish.
Palpi two and a quarter, obliquely ascending, fuscous, basal joint whitish,
second joint with two whorls of whitish- tipped scales, terminal joint whitish
along posterior edge. Abdomen fuscous, mixed with whitish. Forewings
cleft from middle, segments slender, first acute, second rather dilated
posteriorly, with apex produced, termen very obliquely concave ; fuscous,
in disk and towards base of dorsum partially suffused with light greyish-
ochreous, along costa suffused with dark fuscous and sprinkled with whitish ;
a blackish dot beneath costa near base, one in disk at one-third, surrounded,
except above, with whitish suffusion, and one at lower angle of cleft ; a
whitish spot on lower margin of first segment at base ; narrow whitish
fasciae crossing both segments at one-third and two-thirds of length,
apical area of both segments suffused with pale ochreous ; some black
scales along lower part of termen of second segment ; cilia grey, on costa
white barred with dark fuscous, elsewhere irregularly mixed with white
and black scales, with white bars at tornus and apex of both segments.
Hind wings dark grey ; cilia purplish-rosy-grey, on dorsum with scattered
white and a few black scales, with a rather broad black scale-projection
about three-quarters.

Pretoria, in December (Janse) ; one specimen.

Platyptilia molopias, Meyr.

Haenertsburg and Woodbush Village, in December (Swierstra). In
African specimens there are usually more scattered black scales on pos-
terior half of dorsum of hind wings ; in Indian and Ceylon examples black
scales in this position are scanty at best, whilst in African examples they
are sometimes rather numerous ; on the anterior half of dorsum they are,
of course, numerous in both forms. From the larger and more conspicuously
marked direptalis the species may be distinguished by the different position
of the dorsal scale-projection of hind wings, which in molopias is truly
central (being also less triangular), i.e. placed so that its centre coincides
with the centre of dorsum, whilst in direptalis it is post-median, being so
placed that its anterior edge is in centre of dorsum.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

21D

Pselnophorus aulotes , n. sp.

Male, 14-15 mm. Head ochreous-brown, orbits and a frontal bar
white. Palpi one, slender, ascending, appressed to face, brownish.
Antennal ciliations minute. Thorax ochreous-brown, anteriorly white.
Abdomen pale ochreous-brownish lined with white, towards base white,
anal tuft white. Fore wings cleft from near middle, segments acute, first
narrow, second very narrow ; light ochreous-brown ; a slender white
costal streak, edged on both sides with blackish irroration, from base to
middle, costal edge thence to cleft blackish ; a white longitudinal mark
in disk at one- third ; a blackish dot on lower angle of cleft ; some blackish
irroration along dorsum from base to cleft ; a narrow white streak along
upper margin of second segment from near base to apex ; some black
scales along lower margin of both segments posteriorly ; costal cilia from
cleft to apex white, with blackish marks towards base and in middle of
segment, and mixed with blackish on posterior third, remaining cilia
ochreous-brownish, becoming blackish-grey on lower margin of both
segments towards apex, with black basal dots at apex of both segments,
on upper margin of second segment with some white scales. Hind wings
dark grey ; cilia bronzy-grey.

Woodbush Village, in December (Swierstra) ; two specimens.

Adaina gentilis, n. sp.

Male, 15-17 mm. Head yellowish-fuscous, white between antennae
(damaged). Palpi, hardly over one, snow white. Antennal ciliations
nearly one. Thorax whitish-yellowish, tinged with grey, anteriorly white.
Abdomen whitish-grey-yellowish striped with white, with lateral series
of blackish dots. Fore wings cleft nearly from middle, segments rather
narrow, acute ; whitish-yellowish, somewhat tinged with grey in disk ;
costa narrowly white from base to beyond middle ; a fine line of dark
fuscous suffusion along anterior portion of fold, more or less marked ; a
small dark grey spot on base of cleft, and another less marked midway
between this and base of wing ; a small blackish-grey mark on costa
beyond cleft ; blackish dots at extremities of veins two, three, four, seven,
and ten ; two or three blackish scales at apex of each segment ; cilia
whitish-grey tinged with yellowish, on costa yellow-whitish. Hind wings
grey or pale grey ; cilia ochreous-grey-whitish.

Pretoria, in October and December (Janse) ; two specimens. Closely
allied to the European microdactyla, but palpi somewhat shorter, white
(in microdactyla towards apex infuscated), fore wings with segments some-
what narrower and more acutely pointed, quite without dark fuscous
sprinkling.

Ma^rasmarcha , Meyr.

I find that verax Meyr., pavida Meyr., and crepuscularis Meyr., are
all properly referable to this genus and not to Pterophorus ; the African
species of the two genera approach one another closely, and cannot in
fact be discriminated without careful examination of the distinguishing
character in the venation. I find timidus Meyr., however, to be a true
Pterophorus.

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Annals of the Tkansvaal Museum,

Mamsmarcha atomosa , Wals.

Groenvlei (N.E. Pretoria District), in January (Janse) ; one specimen.
This is a common Indian species, of which the larva feeds in pods of the
cultivated Cajanus and Dolichos, and is probably introduced with its food
plant.

Marasmarcha pacifica, n. sp.

Male, 16-18 mm. Head yellowish-fuscous, between antennae whitish.
Palpi one-and-a-half, white, second joint with a fuscous lateral streak
above. Antennae whitish, ciliations two-thirds. Thorax whitish-yellowish,
shoulders sometimes white. Abdomen whitish-yellow. Fore wings cleft
from three-fifths, segments acute, first moderate, second narrower ; whitish-
yellowish ; costa, dorsum from base to cleft, and upper edge of second
segment more or less suffused with white ; more or less faintly defined
broad streaks of pale brownish suffusion above dorsum from base to one-
third, in disk from near base to cleft, along lower portion of second segment,
and some undefined suffusion in first segment ; cilia pale ochreous-greyish,
white towards base except on termen of both segments, where it is rather
darker ochreous-grey, on costa wholly white. Hind wings light grey ;
cilia ochreous-grey- whitish.

Moorddrift, in October (Swierstra) ; three specimens.

Pterophorus furfurosus, n. sp.

Female, 19 mm. Head ferruginous-ochreous, narrowly white between
antennae. Palpi hardly over one, whitish. Thorax brownish-ochreous,
anteriorly whitish. Abdomen white, with dorsal and lateral pale ochreous
lines. Fore wings cleft from about three-fifths, segments acute, first
moderately broad, second narrower ; ochreous-white, suffused with
brownish-ochreous except towards anterior half of costa and upper half
of second segment ; some slight dark fuscous suffusion along dorsum
anteriorly, and in disk on a line from one-third to cleft ; a well-marked
blackish dot before lower angle of cleft ; a line of black irroration along
posterior half of lower margin of both segments ; cilia rosy-grey, whitish
tinged towards base, on costa white, at apex of second segment with a
white bar. Hind wings dark grey ; cilia rosy-grey.

Pretoria, in October (Janse) ; one specimen.

Pterophorus ambitiosus, n. sp.

Male, 19-20 mm. Head light grey-yellowish, fillet white. Palpi one
and a quarter, very slender, dark fuscous, internally white. Antennae
whitish, ciliations two- thirds. Thorax yellowish- white. Abdomen pale
yellowish striped with white. Fore wings cleft from three-fifths, segments
moderate, acute ; yellow- whitish, sometimes partially tinged with fuscous ;
cilia white, grey on posterior half of lower margin of both segments, and
towards tips on posterior half of upper margin of second segment. Hind
wings grey- whitish or whitish-grey ; cilia whitish, sometimes tinged witli
grey.

Pretoria, in October and November (Janse) ; two specimens.

Pterophorus invidiosus, n. sp.

Female, 21 mm. Head whitish-yellowish, between antennae white..
Palpi nearly two, white, terminal joint with a black lateral line. Thorax

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221

yellowish-white. Abdomen whitish-yellowish, towards base white. Fore
wings cleft from near ipiddle, segments rather narrow, acute ; whitish-
ochreous-yellow, tinged with greyish-ochreous in disk from base to cleft ;
a cloudy grey mark on base of cleft ; cilia pale ochreous-grey, on costa
yellow-whitish. Hind wings grey ; cilia pale ochreous-grey.

Pretoria, in March (Janse) ; one specimen.

Pterophorus lienigianus, Z.

Pretoria, in December and March (Janse) ; two fine specimens. This
species is widely distributed in Europe, India, and Ceylon ; the larva feeds
on Artemisia vulgaris in Europe, but it may have other food plants.

Stenoptilia longalis , Walk.

Woodbush Village, in December (Swierstra).

Orneqdxdae.

Orneodes libraria , n. sp.

Female, 16 mm. Head and thorax white, mixed with grey. Palpi very
long, porrected, white suffusedly irrorated with fuscous except on upper
margin and apex of joints, second joint with dense rough projecting scales
above and at apex beneath, terminal joint short, obliquely ascending.
Abdomen white, mixed with fuscous. Fore wings whitish, sprinkled with
grey, basal area and first segment suffusedly irrorated with grey ; a narrow
fascia at one-fifth indicated by dark fuscous margins, on first segment
forming a small dark fuscous spot ; a quadrate dark fuscous spot on first
segment at one-third ; a moderate median fascia of fuscous irroration,
edged with dark fuscous and then with white, widest on fifth segment,
divided on first segment into two spots ; a quadrate similar spot on first
segment at three-quarters ; a narrow similar subterminal fascia, forming
a single spot on first segment, on third and fourth segments abruptly much
broader, projecting inwards and suffused with dark fuscous ; a black dot
at tip of each segment ; cilia grey, with oblique whitish bars on margins
of markings. Hind wings whitish, sprinkled with fuscous, with dots of
blackish irroration indicating margins of fasciae ; apical dots and cilia as
in fore wings.

Pretoria, in October (Janse) ; one specimen. The dark fuscous
expansion of subterminal fascia on third and fourth segments is a
characteristic feature.

Orneodes spicifera, n. sp.

Male, 12 mm. Head and thorax white, forehead and patagia sprinkled
with fuscous. Palpi very long, porrected, white suffusedly irrorated with
dark fuscous, second joint above with dense rough projecting scales
diminishing to apex, terminal joint very short, almost concealed in scales
of second joint. Abdomen white, irregularly mixed with brownish and
black, segmental margins clear white. Fore wings ochreous-whitish,
irrorated with grey ; markings irrorated with dark fuscous and edged
with white ; two small spots on costa near base ; an ill-defined fascia before
one-third, forming a small distinct spot on costa, towards dorsum dilated
and strongly white-edged anteriorly; a moderately broad median fascia,

4

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widest on fifth segment, divided into two spots on first segment ; a quadrate
spot on costa at three-quarters ; a rather irregular subterminal fascia,
widest on third and fourth segments, divided into two spots on first
segment ; a black dot at tip of each segment ; cilia pale grey, darker grey
on fasciae, with white oblique bars on white lines. Hind wings with ground
colour as in fore wings ; four narrow white fasciae on all segments, edged
with dark fuscous (representing margins of median and subterminal fasciae) ;
apical dots and cilia as in fore wings.

Pretoria, in January (Janse) ; one specimen. Might be mistaken for
a small Huebneri, but palpi totally different (in Huebneri with long ascending
terminal joint).

Microschismus sceletias, n. sp.

Male, 12 mm. Head fuscous. Palpi extremely long (seven), fuscous
sprinkled with darker, white towards base beneath, terminal joint very
short, tip white. Antennae fuscous dotted with whitish, filiform,
moderately ciliated (one). Thorax fuscous sprinkled with dark fuscous
and whitish. Abdomen dark fuscous, segmental margins mixed with
whitish, anal tuft suffused with whitish. Posterior tibiae and tarsi white.
Fore wings formed as in antennata ; brownish, irrorated with dark fuscous
and blackish ; costa with about seven white dots between base and three-
fifths ; a spot of blackish suffusion at base of second cleft, and a bar of
dark fuscous suffusion between this and dorsum ; two somewhat curved
approximated and partially confluent white lines crossing all segments
beyond two-thirds of wing ; a white subterminal line, retracted inwards
on first segment and more strongly on sixth ; a white costal dot before
this line, and a small white costal spot before apex ; a blackish dot at
apex of each segment, edged with white anteriorly ; cilia grey, sprinkled
with dark fuscous, obliquely barred with white on lines, base and tips
white at apex of segments. Hind wings grey irrorated with blackish ; a
praeapical series of very obscure minute whitish dots ; cilia grey sprinkled
with dark fuscous, with obscure series of faint oblique pale bars.

Woodbush Village, in December (Swierstra) ; one specimen.

Microschismus ctenias, n. sp.

Male, 18-21 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark fuscous, anal tuft
light brownish. Palpi extremely long (7-8), dark fuscous, terminal joint
relatively short, whitish except towards base. Antennae whitish, shortly
bipectinated, pectinations dark fuscous, slender, ciliated. Legs dark
fuscous, posterior tibiae and all tarsi whitish. Fore wings formed as in
antennata ; fuscous suffusedly irrorated with dark fuscous, base of clefts
two to five suffused with dark fuscous ; about eleven minute white strigulae
on posterior half of costa ; minute whitish strigulae or dots on other
segments at one-third and two-thirds of length and before apex ; cilia
fuscous sprinkled with dark fuscous, with faint oblique whitish bars , base
and tips whitish at apex of segments. Hind wings rather dark fuscous ;
median and three posterior series of minute whitish dots on each segment.
Cilia fuscous, with faint oblique whitish bars.

Ngeleni, W. Pondoland, in May (Swinney) ; Camperdown, Natal, in
April (Leigh) ; two specimens.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

223

Phaloniadae.

Pharmacis assecula, Meyr.

Haenertsburg, in December (Swierstra).

Tortricidae.

Tortrix psoricodes, n. sp.

Male, 19 mm. ; female, 20-23 mm. Head and thorax in male pale
whitish- ochr eons with a grey longitudinal mark on patagia, in female
brown or light yellow-ochreous somewhat sprinkled with brown. Palpi
rather long, ochreous- whitish suffusedly irr orated with brown or fuscous.
Antennal ciliations in male whorled (one and a half). Abdomen pale
greyish, anal tuft of male whitish- ochreous. Fore wings sub-oblong, costa

anteriorly moderately arched, posteriorly nearly straight, in male without
fold, apex obtuse, termen slightly sinuate, somewhat oblique ; glossy
whitish-ochreous, strewn with small spots and strigulae of grey and dark
fuscous scales arranged in transverse series, in female more or less mixed
with ferruginous between these ; markings indicated in male by fuscous,
in female by ferruginous suffusion, but very undefined or hardly traceable,
viz., a moderately broad central fascia angulated in middle, a costal patch,
and a large blotch extending along termen ; cilia whitish-ochreous or pale
ochreous, in female more or less mixed with ferruginous, with more or less
marked dark fuscous sub-basal shade. Hind wings in male grey, in female
pale grey, indistinctly spotted with darker and tinged at apex with whitish-
ochreous ; cilia whitish, with grey sub-basal line.

Haenertsburg and Woodbush Village, in December (Swierstra); three
specimens.

Tortrix prona, n. sp.

Male and female, 13-14 mm. Head and thorax pale ochreous, thorax
sometimes brownish tinged. Palpi pale ochreous, second joint somewhat
sprinkled with fuscous towards base. Antennal ciliations in male three-
quarters. Abdomen grey, anal tuft whitish-ochreous. Fore wings sub-
oblong, costa anteriorly rather strongly, posteriorly slightly arched, in male
without fold, apex obtuse, termen slightly sinuate, rather oblique; pale
ochreous more or less strigulated with fuscous, on costa with some dark
fuscous strigulae ; markings fuscous, partially edged with dark fuscous or
ferruginous-ochreous or both ; basal patch obscurely indicated, outer edge
obtusely angulated in middle but more or less obsolete ; central fascia rather
narrow on upper half, dilated posteriorly on lower half but very ill-defined
there, anterior edge well marked, nearly straight, moderately oblique ;
costal patch rather small, semicircular ; an oblique dark fuscous or
ferruginous-ochreous striga towards termen below middle ; cilia pale
ochreous. Hind wings grey ; cilia ochreous-whitish, with grey sub-basal
shade.

Haenertsburg, in December (Swierstra) ; Pinetown, Natal, in January
(Leigh) ; four specimens.

Tortrix furtiva, n. sp.

Male, 16-17 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax blackish-grey, thorax indigo
tinged, its posterior half whitish-ochreous. Antennal ciliations, one.

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Abdomen whitish-grey. Fore wings sub-oblong, costa moderately arched,
without fold, apex obtuse, termen hardly sinuate, oblique ; whitish-
ochreous or pale ochreous, with a few scattered blackish specks ; costal
edge dark fuscous towards base ; a blackish dot in disk at two- thirds,
and one on dorsum slightly anterior ; cilia whitish- ochreous. Hind wings
pale whitish-grey ; cilia grey-whitish.

Haenertsburg, in December (Swierstra) ; three specimens.

Epichorista ionephela, Meyr.

Haenertsburg, in December (Swierstra).

Argyrotoxa hectaea, n. sp.

Female, 15-16 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax yellow-ochreous tinged
with ferruginous. Abdomen grey. Fore wings elongate, slightly dilated, costa
moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen almost straight, oblique ; ochreous-
yellow ; a transverse ferruginous blotch on costa at one-quarter, reaching
half across wing ; a transverse series of three or four undefined dots of
dark fuscous or blackish raised scales crossing wing at two-fifths, but
these are little marked and sometimes more or less obsolete ; a moderate
or rather narrow straight ferruginous fascia from middle of costa to dorsum
before tornus, and a similar fascia from costa near apex running into it
below middle, sometimes marked with a few dark fuscous scales ; some-
times one or two slight dots of dark fuscous scales near termen above
middle * cilia pale ochreous-yeilowish. Hind wings rather dark grey ;
cilia grey-whitish, with dark grey sub-basal line.

Pretoria, in November and March (Janse) ; two specimens.

Cnephasia opsarias, n. sp.

Male, 13-14 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark grey irrorated with
whitish. Antennal ciliations, one. Abdomen light grey. Fore wings
elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen hardly
rounded, oblique ; white, partially tinged with grey, transversely striated
with grey, costa and termen suffused with grey ; markings dark grey,
partially edged with black irroration ; a suffused basal fascia ; a moderate
somewhat curved ante -median fascia, in one specimen broken up into
costal and dorsal spots and a longitudinal .mark in disk between them, in
this specimen anterior half of disk somewhat suffused with whitish-
yellowish ; a rather narrow central fascia from middle of costa to two-
thirds of dorsum, broadest on costa, obtusely angulated in middle, anterior
edge with an abrupt narrow projection below middle ; a semi-oval costal
patch, a small spot on costa beyond it, another at apex, and a roundish
spot towards termen above middle, sometimes confluent with costal patch ;
cilia grey sprinkled with whitish, towards base sprinkled with blackish-
grey, with a blackish-grey median line. Hind wings grey; cilia grey-
whitish, with a grey line.

Pretoria, in October (Janse); Woodbush Village, in December
(Swierstra) ; two specimens.

Cnephasia captiva, n. sp.

Male, 10 mm. Head and palpi fulvous-yellow. Antennae grey,,
ciliations ? one-quarter. Thorax fulvous-yellow, with two leaden-grey

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225

stripes. Abdomen dark grey. Fore wings sub-oblong, costa moderately
arched, without fold, apex round-pointed, termen faintly sinuate, oblique ;
seven to termen ; yellow-fulvous ; costal edge blackish towards base ; a
leaden-grey triangular patch extending on dorsum from base to two-fifths
and reaching more than half across wing, and a leaden-grey spot on costa
at one-fifth, these representing basal patch ; a somewhat curved blackish
transverse line near beyond these, nearly followed by a somewhat curved
narrow leaden-grey fascia ; a straight blackish line from a triangular spot
on middle of costa to three-quarters of dorsum, nearly followed by a straight
narrow leaden-grey fascia suffusedly edged with blackish scales ; a nearly
straight leaden-grey fascia from three-quarters of costa to termen above
tornus ; posterior area beyond this suffused with blackish, enclosing a
leaden-grey spot on termen beneath apex ; cilia pale fulvous-ochreous,
towards tornus suffused with grey. Hind wings dark fuscous ; cilia dark
grey.

Haenertsburg, in December (Swierstra) ; one specimen.

Cnephasia ergastularis, n. sp.

Male, 14 mm. Head and palpi fulvous-ochreous, crown centrally
whitish tinged. Antennae grey, ciliations one. Thorax dark grey, mixed
with ochreous. Abdomen grey. Fore wings elongate, moderate, slightly
dilated, costa moderately arched, without fold, apex round-pointed, termen
straight, oblique ; seven to termen ; bronzy-yellow-ochreous ; markings
dark leaden-grey edged with blackish ; a basal patch with angulated
outer edge running from one-quarter of costa to one-quarter of dorsum,
enclosing two spots of ground colour ; a moderate ante-median fascia,
furcate on dorsum ; a moderate straight fascia from middle of costa to
three-quarters of dorsum, confluent beneath with a narrower irregular
fascia near beyond it ; an irregular fascia from five-sixths of costa to
termen above tornus ; some scattered dark strigulae on termen ; cilia
ochreous- whitish. Hind wings grey ; cilia grey- whitish, with a grey
sub-basal shade.

Haenertsburg, in December (Swierstra) ; one specimen. This and
the preceding are allied species of peculiar facies, and 1 have no doubt
that Argyrotoxa tigrina, Wals., which is very similar, belongs here also,
though I have not seen a specimen.

Eucosmidae.

Spilonota conica, n. sp.

Male, 16-17 mm. Head and thorax dark grey, mixed with whitish.
Palpi grey. Antennae with notch almost at base of stalk. Abdomen
grey. Fore wings elongate, rather narrow, posteriorly slightly dilated,
costa slightly arched, with strong fold from base to slightly beyond middle,
apex obtuse, termen straight, rather oblique ; fuscous suffusedly irrorated
and strigulated with white ; a large blackish-fuscous patch extending
along costa from base to three-quarters, slightly whitish-sprinkled and
strigulated on costa with whitish irroration, its lower edge reaching two-
thirds across wing and triangularly indented with white suffusion in middle
of wing, so as to form angular prominences before and beyond this ; an

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erect triangular dark grey tornal spot marked with blackish, reaching
half across wing ; apical portion of costa blackish, with pairs of whitish
strigulae ; ocellus margined laterally by thick silvery streaks, and con-
taining two short black marks ; cilia grey with rows of white points, round
apex and upper part of termen and beneath tornus suffused with blackish.
Hind wings with three and four stalked ; rather dark grey ; cilia grey,
slightly whitish sprinkled.

Pretoria (Janse) ; Woodbush Village (Swierstra) ; in December ; two
specimens. Approaches rhothia , but the antennal notch is much nearer
base.

Eucosma malacodes, n. sp.

Female, 16 mm. Head fulvous-ochreous. Palpi moderate, sub-
ascending, ochreous-grey- whitish, terminal joint grey. Thorax grey, irrorated
with grey-whitish. Abdomen grey. Fore wings elongate, moderate, costa
slightly arched, apex obtuse, termen sinuate, somewhat oblique ; grey,
sprinkled with grey-whitish ; costa grey-whitish, shortly strigulated with
blackish irroration ; a pale fulvous-ochreous apical patch, extending along
costa to middle, and along termen to tornus, marked with several irregular
oblique blue-leaden strigae from costa, its lower portion forming the ocellus,
which is margined anteriorly with obscure blue-leaden suffusion and
posteriorly with a pale golden metallic streak, and contains three elongate
black dots ; cilia grey, basal half irrorated with whitish and dark grey
and limited by a line of blackish irroration, outer half prismatic-
submetallic; towards tornus sprinkled with whitish. Hind wings with three
and four stalked ; grey, darker posteriorly ; cilia grey-whitish, with dark
grey sub-basal shade.

Pretoria, in December (Janse) ; one specimen.

Eucosma riciniata, n. sp.

Male, 15-16 mm. Head and palpi dark fuscous. Antennae simple.
Thorax dark fuscous, patagia mixed with white execpt on shoulders.
Abdomen grey. Fore wings elongate, costa gently arched, without fold,
apex obtuse, termen sinuate, little oblique ; white ; a dark fuscous basal
patch striated with bluish-leaden-grey, outer edge running from two-
fifths of costa to two-fifths of dorsum, rather curved ; costa from this
to apex dark fuscous, with seven pairs of fine white strigulae ; space
between basal patch and central fascia grey on costal third, with several
grey marks in remainder ; central fascia broad, ill-defined, grey, obliquely
interrupted above middle, somewhat mixed with brownish, and with two
black marks on posterior edge in and below middle ; a fuscous streak
beneath dark costal edge from this to apex, marked with oblique leaden-
grey strigulae rising from costal pairs ; ocellus margined laterally by
silvery streaks and above by a black mark, and containing two black
dots near upper portion of posterior edge ; apex and upper part of termen
chestnut-brown, with a white terminal mark below apex ; cilia blackish-
grey sprinkled with white, with a broad white tornal patch. Hind wings
with dorsal edge thickened, three and four stalked ; grey ; cilia whitish,
with two grey shades.

Haenertsburg, in December (Swierstra) ; two specimens.

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Eucosma scenica, n. sp.

Male, 15 mm. Head ochreous, crown suffused with fuscous. Palpi
light ochreous, second joint anteriorly suffused with fuscous. Antennae
simple. Thorax red-brown, mixed with blackish. Abdomen dark grey,
anal tuft pale ochreous mixed with brownish. Fore wings elongate, costa
gently arched, without fold, apex obtuse, termen straight, rather oblique ;
reddish-brown ; basal patch formed by suffused blackish striation and
somewhat marked with dark bluish-leaden, edge irregular, obtusely
angulated below middle ; space between this and central fascia partially
suffused with white, Especially towards dorsum, with some scattered
blackish strigulae, on costa with two pairs of whitish strigulae, along its
posterior edge with an irregular blue-leaden stria thickened in disk ; central
fascia blackish-fuscous, moderately broad, narrow towards costa, posterior
edge rounded-prominent above and below middle, marked with a blue-
leaden spot in middle and another toward dorsum ; posterior half of costa
blackish, marked with four pairs of whitish strigulae, whence proceed
short oblique blue-leaden marks, space round these fulvous-brown ; ocellus
formed by two approximated thick rosy-silvery streaks, between which is
a rather curved series of four black dots, above this is a patch of rosy-
whitish and blue-leaden suffusion, followed by a blackish patch extending
to apex, containing a blue-leaden mark near termen beneath apex, followed
by two white terminal dots ; cilia grey sprinkled with white points, with
a dark fuscous sub-basal shade, on tornus suffused with whitish. Hind
wings with three and four stalked ; dark grey ; cilia pale grey, with darker
sub-basal shade.

Haenertsburg, in December (Swierstra) ; one specimen.

Bactra scrupulosa, n. sp.

Male and female, 13-14 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax pale whitish-
ochreous tinged with grey, palpi hardly over two. Antennal ciliations in
male one. Abdomen light grey. Fore wings elongate, costa gently arched,
apex obtuse, termen straight, oblique; greyish-ochreous or whitish- ochreous,
with some strigulae of black irroration on margins ; costa with oblique
silvery-whitish strigulae, posteriorly paired, whence arise more or less
marked irregular whitish striae crossing wing, variable in development ;
basal patch indicated by a triangular spot of blackish suffusion representing
angle in disk, and some slight irroration elsewhere ; central fascia repre-
sented by an oblique patch of blackish suffusion in disk ; two transverse
blue-leaden marks and some scattered fine black strigulae towards termen ;
cilia pale grey or whitish, with two little-marked fine dark lines. Hind
wings grey ; cilia whitish, with two grey lines.

Woodbush Village (Swierstra) ; Albert Mine, Pretoria District (Janse);
in December and January ; three specimens.

Bactra hebetata , n. sp.

Male, 12-13 mm. Head ochreous- whitish. Palpi two, whitish, suffused
with grey on basal half and beneath, terminal joint with blackish sub-apical
ring. Antennal ciliations, one. Thorax ochreous-whitish, mixed with grey
and sprinkled with black. Abdomen grey. Fore wings elongate, costa

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gently arched, apex obtuse, termen rounded, oblique ; light grey,
irregularly sprinkled with darker ; costa blackish, marked with oblique
whitish strigulae, posteriorly paired and giving rise to short bluish-leaden
marks ; basal patch indicated by striae of blackish irroration, and an
elongate discal patch of blackish suffusion representing angle ; central
fascia represented by an oblique dark streak from costa, an irregular patch
of blackish suffusion in disc, edged posteriorly by a white spot, and some
darker suffusion towards dorsum, in which is a triangular sub-dorsal patch
of whitish- ochreoUs suffusion edged above with black ; ocellus small,
edged laterally with bluish-leaden, veins within ft suffused with black ;
space above this marked with black lines on veins, limited above and
posteriorly by an oblique bluish-leaden line from post-median pair of
costal strigulae ; cilia grey sprinkled with white points, with a white basal
streak along termen. Hind wings rather dark grey ; cilia grey, with
darker sub-basal shade.

Woodbush Village, in December (Swierstra) ; two specimens.

Polychrosis incultana, Walk.

Pretoria, in March (Janse) ; one specimen. Hitherto I have only seen
this from Mauritius, where it is common.

Argyro'ploce orthacta , Meyr.

Male, 14 mm. Antennal ciliations minute. Abdomen rather long,
anal tuft ochreous-whitish. Posterior tibiae whitish, shortly rough-haired
above. Hind wings with dorsal edge thickened, yellowish tinged, with
slight sub-dorsal furrow clothed with hairs.

Pretoria, in October (Janse).

Argyroploce sistrata, n. sp.

Male and female, 17-20 mm. Head brownish, mixed or partly suffused
with indigo- blackish. Palpi porrected, ferruginous-brownish mixed or suffused
with dark fuscous. Thorax dark fuscous, somewhat whitish sprinkled,
crest ferruginous. Abdomen in male whitish-fuscous, in female dark fuscous.
Posterior tibiae in male clothed with dense long rough whitish hairs above
and beneath, in female more shortly rough-scaled. Fore wings elongate,
moderate, posteriorly dilated, costa gently arched, apex rounded, termen
slightly rounded, somewhat oblique ; seven indefinite, apparently to
apex ; dark purplish-fuscous, with irregularly scattered small raised spots
of leaden-metallic scales ; basal patch and central fascia indicated by
irregular blackish marks and suffusion, but undefined, latter followed by
an undefined spot of deep red-brown suffusion above middle ; beyond an
obtusely angulated line from three-quarters of costa to tornus, the posterior
area is suffused with ochreous-whitish, except a more or less developed
apical patch of red-brown suffusion, and an oblique blackish striga or spot
from above middle of termen ; cilia leaden-grey with two blackish lines,
beneath tornus whitish mixed. Hind wings in male pale grey, in female
dark grey ; dorsum in male clothed with long hairs ; under surface in
male with a roundish patch of blackish-grey modified scales below
middle of disc ; cilia in male ochreous-whitish, round apex suffused with
grey, in female grey-whitish with grey sub-basal shade.

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229

Woodbush Village (Swierstra) ; Pinetown, Natal (Leigh) ; in December
and January; nine specimens.

Laspeyresia chelias-, Meyr.

Pretoria, in October (Janse) ; one specimen. The species was described
from Ceylon ; it has probably been introduced with some cultivated
leguminous plant.

Gelechiadae.

Epiphthora crystallista, n. sp.

Male, 10 mm. Head and thorax white with a few dark fuscous specks.
Palpi white, second joint sprinkled with dark fuscous except apex, scales
rather projecting at apex beneath, terminal joint very short (one- third).
Antennae white. Abdomen whitish. Fore wings narrow-lanceolate,
long-pointed ; white, sprinkled with black specks suffused with brownish,
especially along costa and dorsum and on two longitudinal streaks in
disc above and below middle, upper extending from base to three-quarters,
lower shorter, and three longitudinal marks before and beyond tornus
and at apex ; cilia white, sprinkled with blackish points except towards
tornus, with a blackish apical line. Hind wings with emargination nearly
rectangular, produced apex over one- third ; light grey; cilia whitish-
grey-ochreous.

Pretoria, in August and September (Janse) ; two specimens. I note
here that Epiphthora , Meyr., supersedes Didactylota, Wals., and that I
consider Proactica, Wals., also only a synonym.

Photodotis, n. g.

Head with appressed scales ; ocelli present ; tongue developed.
Antennae four-fifths, in male ciliated, basal joint moderate, without pecten.
Labial palpi long, recurved, second joint thickened with dense projecting
scales forming a short tuft beneath, terminal joint as long as second,
thickened with appressed scales slightly rough anteriorly, pointed.
Maxillary palpi very short, filiform, appressed to tongue. Posterior tibiae
clothed with hairs above. Fore wings with two from angle, three absent,
four approximated to two, seven and eight stalked, seven to costa, eleven
from middle. Hind wings one, elongate-trapezoidal, termen obliquely
bisinuate beneath apex, cilia one and a half ; three and four somewhat
approximated, five rather bent, six and seven parallel.

Probably allied to Aristotelia.

Photodotis prochalina, n. sp.

Male and female, 10-11 mm. Head pale whitish-ochreous, sometimes
with a few dark fuscous scales. Palpi ochreous-whitish, second joint sprinkled
with dark fuscous towards base, with a broad dark fuscous supra-median
band, terminal joint with black supra-median band and some black scales
near base. Antennae white ringed with dark fuscous. Thorax ochreous-
whitish, posteriorly with three black marginal dots, patagia whitish-
ochreous sprinkled with dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous, anal tuft
ochreous-whitish. Fore wings elongate, rather narrow, costa gently arched,
apex obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded ; dark grey closely irrorated

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with white points or partially suffused with ochreous-whitish, especially
towards dorsum anteriorly ; two spots of black suffusion beneath costa
near base, alternating with whitish suffusion ; an ochreous-yellow oblique
irregular streak from costa before middle, reaching half across wing, and
an ochreous-yellow dorsal spot opposite its apex, these margined anteriorly
by a curved transverse streak of blackish suffusion which also fills the
space between them ; an ochreous-yellow transverse spot in disc at three-
quarters, connected with costa by a spot of dark fuscous suffusion, and
with a smaller dark fuscous spot adjacent beneath ; a small white spot
on costa beyond this, whence a curved ochreous-yellowish streak runs
near margin round costa and apex ; apical and terminal edge whitish,
with several dark fuscous dots ; cilia fuscous, with blackish sub-basal line
round apex, and several rows of white points. Hind wings grey ; cilia
light grey, base whitish-ochreous.

Pretoria, in October and February (Janse) ; two specimens.

Epithectis ochrocosma , n. sp.

Male, 14 mm. Head ochreous- white. Palpi white, second joint with
a broad ochreous band irrorated with blackish, terminal joint somewhat
thickened with scales, with blackish supra-median band and sub-basal
ring. Antennal ciliations one-quarter. Thorax ochreous-whitish, shoulders
somewhat sprinkled with grey. Abdomen whitish-grey-ochreous, two
basal segments dorsally suffused with yellow-ochreous. Fore wings elongate,
rather narrow, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed, termen extremely
obliquely rounded ; fuscous, irregularly sprinkled with white ; three light
reddish-ochreous longitudinal streaks from base to about one-third, upper
receiving an oblique white strigula from costa ; three white longitudinal
streaks between and beyond these below middle of wing ; discal stigmata
black edged with light reddish-ochreous, connected by a white line along
upper margin of cell, plical hardly indicated, second discal connected with
dorsum by a blackish spot edged with light reddish-ochreous ; posterior
area streaked with pale reddish-ochreous on veins and along termen ; a
series of very undefined blackish dots along posterior part of costa and
termen ; cilia pale brownish irrorated with dark fuscous, with two dark
fuscous lines. Hind wings grey ; cilia light grey.

Moorddrift, in October (Swierstra) ; one specimen.

Pcimpsectris, n. g.

Head with appressed scales ; ocelli present ; tongue developed.
Antennae four-fifths, basal joint moderate, without pecten. Labial palpi
very long, recurved, second joint thickened with dense scales, laterally
compressed, somewhat rough beneath and finely furrowed, above with
rather rough scales towards apex, terminal joint shorter than second,
considerably thickened with scales, pointed. Maxillary palpi very short,
filiform, appressed to tongue. Posterior tibiae rough-haired above. Fore
wings with two from angle, six out of seven near base, seven and eight
stalked, seven to costa, eleven from middle. Hind wings over one, trape-
zoidal, apex pointed, termen obliquely sinuate beneath apex, cilia one ;
three and four connate, five somewhat approximated, six and seven
stalked.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

231

Allied to Gelechia, of which it has the neuration, but the palpi are rather
like those of Metzneria.

Parapsectris tholaea , n. sp.

Female, 17 mm. Head and thorax pale ochreous, shoulders and a
central line sprinkled with dark fuscous. Palpi whitish-ochreous, second joint
irrorated with dark fuscous at base and on upper half except apex, terminal
joint with broad supra-median band of dark fuscous irroration. Abdomen
pale ochreous suffused with grey. Fore wings elongate, ^ rather narrow,
costa gently arched, apex pointed, termen extremely obliquely rounded ;
pale ochreous, veins and costa suffusedly streaked with rather dark fuscous
irroration ; an irregular broad fuscous streak extending along dorsum
from one-quarter to tornus, where it terminates abruptly in a darker
transverse spot, surmounted by a blackish dot ; a blackish dot beneath
costa at base, one on fold almost at base, one on fold at one-fifth, two on
upper edge of dorsal streak anteriorly, one towards costa at one- third,
and one in disc before middle ; the "streaks on veins are suffused and more
or less confluent posteriorly ; cilia fuscous, sprinkled with dark fuscous
towards base. Hind wings dark grey ; cilia fuscous. .

Van der Merwe Station, near Pretoria, in December and March
(Janse) ; two specimens. |

Gelechia exstincta , n. sp.

Female, 14 mm. Head, palpi, antennae, and thorax dark ashy-fuscous,
palpi with two or three whitish scales below middle on median and terminal
joints. Abdomen bronzy-grey. Fore wings elongate, rather narrow,
costa gently arched, apex pointed, termen faintly sinuate, very oblique ;
six out of seven near base ; dark ashy-fuscous, obscurely streaked with
blackish irroration on veins ; plical stigma represented by three or four
ochreous-whitish scales ; cilia dark ashy-grey. Hind wings one, apex
moderately produced, pointed ; grey ; cilia grey.

Pretoria, in November (Janse) ; one specimen.

Thriophora, n. g.

Head with appressed scales, side tufts loosely spreading ; ocelli present ;
tongue developed. Antennae with basal joint moderate, without pecten.
Labial palpi long, curved, ascending, second joint with very long loosely
spreading tuft of scales beneath, terminal joint as long as second, slender,
acute. Maxillary palpi very short, filiform, appressed to tongue. Posterior
tibiae clothed with long hairs above. Fore wings with two from angle,
three absent, seven and eight stalked, seven to costa, eleven from middle.
Hind wings almost one, trapezoidal, termen somewhat sinuate beneath
apex, cilia one and a quarter ; three and four connate, five somewhat
approximated, six and seven parallel.

Allied to the Indian genus Bactylethra.

Thriophom ovulata, n. sp.

Female, 12 mm. Head and antennae white. Palpi white, second
joint with a median patch of blackish irroration. Thorax white, shoulders
sprinkled with blackish. Abdomen whitish. Fore wings elongate, costa
gently arched, apex obtuse, termen rounded, rather strongly oblique ;
ochreous-white, sprinkled with black points ; a rather large suffused

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roundish ferruginous- ochreous spot sprinkled with black in disc at one-
fifth ; three similar spots representing stigmata, plical slightly before
first discal, much more irrorated with black than the others ; a similarly
coloured terminal fascia, broadest towards costa ; some slight irregular
pale ferruginous-ochreous suffusion scattered elsewhere about disc ; cilia
white, sprinkled with black points. Hind wings and cilia ochreous- whitish.

Pretoria, in January (Janse) ; one specimen.

Brachmia malacogramma , Meyr.

A second specimen sent by Mr. Janse has vein nine of fore wings out
of seven near base.

Brachmia panchlora, n. sp.

Male, 15 mm. Head, palpi, antennae, thorax, abdomen, and legs pale
yellow- ochreous, antennal cilia tions very short. Fore wings elongate,
costa gently arched, apex rounded-obtuse, termen rounded, rather oblique ;
two and three stalked, seven and nine stalked, seven to apex, eight absent ;
pale yellow-oehreous, costa somewhat yellower ; cilia concolorous. Hind
wings and cilia whitish- ochreous ; six and seven approximated at base.

Pretoria, in March (Janse) ; one specimen.

COSMOPTERYGID AE .

Stathmopoda luminata, n. sp.

Female, 12 mm. Head whitish-yellowish, collar ferruginous-orange.
Palpi ochreous- whitish. Thorax ochreous-yellowish, posterior extremity
ferruginous-orange. Abdomen light grey, each segment with ferruginous
transverse line. Fore wings elongate-lanceolate ; ochreous-yellow ; mark-
ings grey, slightly edged with fuscous ; costal edge dark grey towards
base ; a sub-costal spot near base ; a moderately broad, somewhat oblique
fascia before middle, connected on dorsum with a triangular patch occupying
more than apical third of wing, its anterior edge inwardly oblique, confluence
of these edged above with ferruginous ; cilia pale ochreous-grey, becoming
whitish-ochreous towards tornus. Hind wings pale grey ; cilia whitish-
ochreous.

Pretoria, in December (Janse) ; one specimen. Allied to auriferella,
but dark anterior fascia differently placed.

Limnoecia phragmitella, Stt.

Pretoria, in November (Janse) ; one specimen. Not previously
recorded from South Africa, but a very wide-ranging insect, though generally
overlooked on account of the retired habits of the imago ; the larva can
be found abundantly in the seed-heads of Typha.

Oecophoridae.

Hednophora, n. g.

Head smooth-scaled ; ocelli present ; tongue absent. Antennae
three-quarters, in male simple, basal joint elongate, rather broad, sub-concave
beneath, without pecten. Labial palpi moderately long, curved, ascending,
'second joint loosely scaled at apex, terminal joint shorter than second,
slender, acute. Maxillary palpi very short, drooping, filiform. Anterior
tibiae and tarsi short, thickened with scales, posterior tibiae clothed with

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233

long hairs above. Fore wings with slight tnfts of scales on surface; two
from near angle, seven and eight stalked, seven to costa, eleven from middle.
Hind wings under one, ovate-lanceolate, cilia two ; three and four connate,
five to seven nearly parallel.

Allied, to Cryptolechia. The characters of antennae of male are taken
from a second species of the genus of which the material is not sufficiently
good for description.

Hednophora pyritis , n. sp.

Female, 14 mm. Head whitish-yellow, with a broad red stripe on crown.
Palpi yellow-whitish. Antennae whitish-grey. Thorax red, with two
pale yellow stripes. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Fore wings broad-
lanceolate, apex produced, acute ; crimson-red, irregularly marked with
short longitudinal streaks of pale yellow and purple-lilac ; a suffused
blackish-grey streak mixed with indigo-bluish along costa throughout,
leaving extreme costal edge whitish, its lower edge with projections reaching
discal stigmata ; stigmata blackish, plical slightly beyond first discal,
resting on apex of a triangular blackish-grey bluish-mixed dorsal blotch
extending on dorsum from one-quarter to four-fifths ; a blackish-grey
streak mixed with indigo-bluish along termen ; cilia pale ochreous, towards
base rosy tinged, with a few grey scales. Hind wings and cilia ochreous-
whitish.

Haenertsburg, in December (Swierstra) ; one specimen.

SCYTHRIDAE.

Scythris justified , n. sp.

Male, 16 mm. Head and thorax whitish-grey-ochreous. Palpi whitish,
terminal joint and upper part of second suffused with grey anteriorly.
Antennae grey, ciliations three-quarters. Abdomen whitish- ochreous.
Fore wings elongate-lanceolate, acute ; five present ; greyish-ochreous
suffused with ochreous-whitish ; plical and second discal stigmata rather
large, black, widely remote ; cilia whitish-grey-ochreous. Hind wings,
with four and five stalked ; dark grey ; cilia ochreous-grey.

Pretoria, in December (Janse) ; one specimen.

Elachistidae.

Elachista nymphaea, n. sp.

Male and female, 8 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax white. Abdomen light
grey. Fore wings lanceolate ; ochreous-white ; a broad ochreous or ochreous-
brown fascia beyond middle, narrowed downwards, sprinkled with black
towards costa anteriorly, and with a large black dot on its anterior edge
representing plical stigma ; a similarly coloured apical spot connected
with this fascia by a bar in disc; cilia grey, sprinkled with black points
towards base, with a black median line. Hind wings rather dark grey ;
cilia grey.

Pretoria, in October and February (Janse) ; two specimens.

Elachista gypsophila , n. sp.

Male and female, 9-10 mm. Head, palpi, antennae, thorax, and abdomen
ochreous-white, palpi in male suffused with dark grey towards base. Fore

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wings lanceolate ; ochreous-white ; plical and second discal stigmata
small, black, plical at about middle of wing, first discal represented in female
by a single black scale obliquely before plical and near costa ; cilia ochreous-
white. Hind wings and cilia ocbreous-white, cilia in male yellowish tinged
towards base.

Beynspoort (near Pretoria) and Pretoria, in December and January
(Janse) ; two specimens. Very near the European triatomea, but dis-
tinguished by ochreous- white hind wings.

Mendesia aganopa, n. sp.

Male, 11 mm. Head, palpi, antennae, and thorax white. Abdomen
ochreous- whitish. Fore wings rather broad-lanceolate, pointed ; white ;
cilia white. Hind wings and cilia ochreous-whitish ; no additional branch
of vein seven.

Rietfontein No. 57 (N.E. Pretoria District), in February (Janse) ; one
specimen .

Gracilariadae.

Lithocolletis encaeria , n. sp.

Male, 6 mm. Head and thorax bronzy-ochreous, face white. Antennae
and abdomen grey. Fore wings lanceolate ; golden-bronzy-ochreous,
posteriorly slightly sprinkled with blackish points ; a very short slender white
median streak from base ; a very slightly indicated slender whitish somewhat
angulated fascia at one-quarter ; a slender white fascia at one-half, angulated
above middle, margined anteriorly with a few black scales ; a white spot on
costa at three-quarters, and one on dorsum opposite, irregularly margined
with black scales, between these is a group of black scales in disc; a
triangular white spot on costa hardly before apex, beneath which are some
black scales along termen ; cilia pale ochreous, beyond a blackish median
line ochreous-whitish. Hind wings grey; cilia pale grey.

Pretoria, in October (Janse) ; two specimens.

Epicephala pyrrhogastra, Meyr.

From examination of further specimens the ochreous-reddish colour
of abdomen appears to be that of the chitinous substance, the scales being
grey and white as described ; the same peculiar reddish colour is apparent
in other parts of the body and head if denuded.

Epicephala barbitias, Meyr.

A second female and what is probably male of same species,
sent by Mr. Janse, taken at Pretoria in February and March ;
female quite like type-example ; abdomen (broken in type)

whitish-grey ; male differs in having dorsal white streak less

marked, tending to break up into oblique streaks, with small blackish
spots above it before and beyond middle, markings towards apex
forming four pairs of fine oblique light fuscous strigulae from costa and
termen meeting at acute angle and somewhat marked with whitish,
separated with dark fuscous, apical black dot limited anteriorly by a
hardly curved white line (instead of having a V-shaped line within it)
abdomen with large whitish-ochreous claspers and anal tuft ; this might
possibly be a distinct species, but in other respects the similarity is such
as to suggest that the specimens are sexes of the same species.

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235

Plutellidae.

Coleophora triflua , n. sp.

Male and female, 12 mm. Head and thorax white, with a pale yellowish
eentral stripe, upper part of face pale yellowish. Palpi white. Antennae
white ringed with ochreous-fuscous, basal joint white with rough tuft of pro-
jecting pale yellowish scales in front. Abdomen light grey. Fore wings
elongate-lanceolate, long-pointed, acute ; ochreous-yellowish, towards
costa and apex suffused with ferruginous-brown ; a strong white costal
streak from base to near apex ; white streaks along fold and dorsum from
base, meeting at tornus ; cilia whitish-ochreous, at apex with a brownish
bar, on costa white. Hind wings grey ; cilia pale greyish.

Bultfontein (N.E. Pretoria District), in December and January (Janse) ;
two specimens.

Coleophora scaleuta, n. sp.

Male and female, 14-15 mm. Head brownish-ochreous, suffused on sides
with whitish. Palpi whitish, second joint with brownish-ochreous lateral
streak and short apical projection of scales beneath. Antennae dilated «
near base, white ringed with brownish-ochreous. Thorax white, shoulders
brownish-ochreous. Abdomen pale greyish. Fore wings elongate-
lanceolate, apex produced, acute, in male with a rather long expansible greyish
hair pencil on under surface from base beneath costa ; brownish-ochreous ;
a whitish costal line from base to beyond middle ; veins marked with
suffused whitish lines ; some scattered fine black scales on plical line and
lower margin of cell, and between veins on costal half ; cilia pale ochreous,
tips whitish. Hind wings grey ; cilia pale greyish.

Pretoria, in January and March (Janse) ; Durban, Natal (Leigh) ;
three specimens.

Coleophora halmodes, n. sp.

Female, 10-12 mm. Head and thorax white, with a faint ochreous-grey
central streak, shoulders tinged with ochreous-grey. Palpi whitish,
externally tinged with grey. Antennae white, sometimes suffused with
grey above. Abdomen whitish. Fore wings elongate-lanceolate, long-
pointed, acute ; white, somewhat sprinkled with fuscous ; second discal
stigma indicated by a small obscure darker dot ; cilia ochreous-whitish,
on costa whiter, round apex tinged basally with fuscous. Hind wings
pale grey ; cilia ochreous-whitish.

Pretoria, in October and February (Janse) ; two specimens.

Batrachedm granosa , n. sp.

Male, 9-12 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-whitish. Palpi loosely
scaled anteriorly, whitish, second joint irrorated with dark fuscous except
apex, terminal joint with two slight wings of dark fuscous irroration.
Abdomen ochreous-grey-whitish. Fore wings very narrowly lanceolate ;
whitish-ochreous, sprinkled with dark fuscous ; plical and second diskal
stigmata dark fuscous, remote ; the dark fuscous scales tend to form
marginal dots on posterior part of costa and termen ; cilia pale whitish-
ochreous. Plind wings pale grey ; cilia ochreous-grey-whitish.

Pretoria, in September (Janse) ; two specimens.

236

Annals of the Tkansvaal Museum.

Batmchedm saurota, n. sp.

Female, 18 mm. Head and thorax ochreous- white. Palpi white, mixed
with fnscons externally except towards apex. Antennae greyish-ochreous.
Abdomen pale greyish-ochreous. Fore wings very narrowly lanceolate,
acute ; pale whitish-ochreous ; a small blackish dot beneath costa near
base ; plical and second discal stigmata rather large, blackish ; cilia pale
whitish-ochreous. Hind wings light grey ; cilia pale greyish-ochreous.

Woodbush Village, in December (Swierstra) ; one specimen.

Epermenia praefumata , n. sp.

Female, 11-14 mm. Head whitish. Palpi moderate, whitish, second
joint suffused with dark fuscous. Thorax whitish, sometimes partially
brownish-tinged, shoulders suffused with dark fuscous irroration. Abdomen
ochreous- whitish. Fore wings elongate-lanceolate ; pale brownish-ochreous
tinged with whitish, more or less streaked with light brown in disc and
much suffused with light brown on posterior third ; costa suffused with
grey and sprinkled with black points ; discal stigmata small, black, remote ;
some irregular black irroration on posterior third ; small scale-projections
of a few black scales on dorsum at middle, three-quarters, and tornus ;
cilia pale greyish-ochreous, round apex and upper part of termen suffused
with grey and closely irr orated with black. Hind wings grey or whitish-
grey ; cilia pale grey or whitish.

Groenvlei (N.E. Pretoria District), Pretoria, in December and January
(Janse) ; three specimens.

Tineidae.

Nepticula fluida, n. sp.

Male and female, 4-5 mm. Head and thorax whitish-ochreous.
Antennae dark grey, eyecaps whitish-ochreous. Fore wings lanceolate ;
whitish-ochreous ; cilia ochreous- whitish. Hind wings and cilia grey-

whitish.

Pretoria, in September (Janse) ; two specimens.

Nepticula grandinosa, n. sp.

Male, 5 mm. Head ochreous-whitish. Antennae grey, eyecaps
ochreous-whitish. Thorax grey-whitish, sprinkled with dark grey.
Abdomen grey. Fore wings lanceolate ; grey-whitish, irregularly irrorated
with dark fuscous ; cilia whitish, towards base sprinkled with dark
fuscous. Hind wings light grey ; cilia grey- whitish.

Pretoria, in September (Janse) ; one specimen.

Opostega bellicosa, n. sp.

Female, 7 mm. Head ochreous-white, frontal tuft blackish-fuscous.
Antennae grey, eyecaps ochreous-white. Thorax ochreous-white. Abdo-
men light grey. Fore wings lanceolate, acute ; pale whitish-ochreous ;
a transverse dark fuscous spot on costa slightly beyond middle, reaching
nearly half across wing ; very small dark fuscous costal and terminal
opposite transverse marks close before apex ; a minute black apical dot ;
cilia pale whitish-ochreous. Hind wings and cilia grey.

Pretoria, in October (Janse) ; one specimen.

P. A. M. DEL. LA3EO T RANSVAALEN31S sp.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

237

Opostega cirrhacma, n. sp.

Female, 10 mm. Head and thorax white. Abdomen pale greyish-
ochreous. Fore wings lanceolate, apex caudate ; shining white ; oblique
fuscous streaks from costa and dorsum beyond middle, costal rather longer
and suffused with ochreous towards apex ; apical fifth of wing suffused with
yellow-ochreous ; cilia whitish-ochreous, at apex with a black dot. Hind
wings and cilia pale grey, slightly yellowish-tinged.

Woodbush Village, in December (Swierstra) ; one specimen.

Phyllobrostis calcar ia, n. sp.

Female, 13 mm. Head pale ochreous-grey tinged with whitish. Palpi
short. Antennae grey, beneath whitish. Thorax ochreous- whitish.
Abdomen grey-whitish, with golden- ochreous basal segmental bands.
Fore wings lanceolate, apex produced, caudate ; five absent, nine connate
with six ; ochreous-whitish ; cilia ochreous-whitish. Hind wings linear,
lanceolate ; three absent, five closely approximated to seven anteriorly,
six out of seven in middle of wing ; pale grey ; cilia ochreous-whitish.

Pretoria, in November (Janse) ; one specimen.

Phyllobrostis argillosa, n. sp.

Male, 10 mm. Head and thorax light brownish-ochreous. Palpi very
short. Antennae fuscous. Abdomen greyish- ochreous. Fore wings lan-
ceolate, acute ; five present, nine separate ; brownish-ochreous ; costal
edge dark fuscous towards base ; cilia pale brownish-ochreous. Hind
wings lanceolate ; three out of two, five out of seven in middle of wing,
six and seven stalked ; grey ; cilia pale ochreous.

Kranspoort (N.E. Pretoria District), in December (Janse) ; one
specimen.

Bucculatrix frangulella, Goze.

Pretoria, in October (Janse) ; one specimen, which I am unable to
distinguish from the typical European form. Possibly the food plant
(Rhamnus) is planted in gardens.

Bucculatrix facilis, n. sp.

Male, 7-8 mm. Head whitish, with some dark fuscous hairs towards
centre. Thorax whitish, partially suffused with light brownish. Abdomen
grey, anal tuft whitish. Fore wings lanceolate, acute ; ochreous-white ;
markings pale brown sprinkled with dark fuscous ; a slender costal streak
from base to first blotch ; oblique blotches from costa before and beyond
middle, not reaching half across wing ; an indistinct blotch along dorsum
from base to near middle ; a blotch on dorsum beyond middle, its anterior
edge marked with a minute black dot representing plical stigma ; an
inwardly oblique blotch from termen above tornus, nearly reaching second
costal blotch, marked above with a strong black dot (second discal stigma) ;;
a transverse spot just before apex ; cilia whitish, with a few dark fuscous
points round apex. Hind wings grey ; cilia pale grey.

Pretoria, in November and December (Janse) ; two specimens.

Bedellia cathareuta, n. sp.

Male and female, 9-10 mm. Head white, with a brownish-ochreous
frontal bar. Antennae pale greyish-ochreous. Thorax white, shoulders
5

238

Aotals of the Transvaal Museum.

tinged with pale ochreous. Abdomen whitish. Fore wings narrowly elongate-
lanceolate, acute ; pale brownish-ochreous, with a few scattered dark
fuscous specks ; a narrow streak of white suffusion along costa from base
to about three-quarters ; dorsal area as far as fold suffused with whitish ;
cilia pale whitish-ochreous, on costa anteriorly white. Hind wings and
cilia ochreous- whitish.

Pretoria, in August and December (Janse) ; two specimens. Immedi-
ately distinguished from somnulentella by the whitish hind wings.

Tischeria zestica, n. sp.

Male and female, 7-8 mm. Head and thorax whitish-ochreous,
face paler. Antennae ochreous- whitish. Abdomen prismatic whitish-grey.
Fore wings lanceolate, acute ; yellow-ochreous or light yellowish ; markings
formed by grey suffusion sprinkled with dark fuscous ; a streak along costa
throughout ; a narrow oblique fascia from two- thirds of costa to tornus,
sometimes interrupted ; a similar fascia in middle of wing is indicated
in male, and slightly in one female, and in male basal area is also suffused
with dark irroration, in one male the wing is almost wholly suffused with
grey and irrorated with dark grey ; cilia whitish-ochreous, round apex
sprinkled with dark fuscous points towards base, with a dark sub-basal
line. Hind wings whitish-grey or light grey ; cilia ochreous- whitish.

Pretoria and Warmberg (Zoutpansberg District), in September,
February, and May (Janse) ; six specimens. Nearly approaches the
European margined ; apparently a variable species.

Copobathra, n. g.

Head with appressed scales ; ocelli present ; tongue absent. Antennae
one, in male moderately ciliated, basal joint very long, flattened, beneath
with pecten of scales. Labial palpi moderately long, slightly curved,
sub-ascending, with appressed scales, terminal joint shorter than second,
tolerably pointed! Maxillary palpi long, straight, clothed with scales,
appressed beneath head. Posterior tibiae clothed with long hairs above.
Fore wings with two from angle, five and six out of seven, seven to costa,
eight out of seven, eleven from middle. Hind wings one-half, linear-
lanceolate, cilia five ; two-four parallel, five and six apparently out of seven.

Allied to Opogona ; the maxillary palpi are peculiar.

Copobathra menodora, n. sp.

Male, 16 mm. Head ochreous-yellowish. Palpi ochreous-yellowish,
terminal joint dark fuscous except apex. Antennae dark grey, obscurely
ringed with pale ochreous, basal joint ochreous-yellowish. Thorax ochreous-
yellowish, shoulders dark fuscous. Abdomen pale ochreous. Fore wings
elongate-lanceolate ; glossy light yellow-ochreous ; basal third of costa
suffused with blackish ; cilia pale ochreous-yellowish. Hind wings grey ;
cilia whitish-ochreous tinged with grey.

Van der Merwe Station (near Pretoria), in December (Janse) ; one
specimen.

Tineola chloristis, Meyr.

Male and female, 12-16 mm. A true Tineola ; fore wings with seven and
eight usually separate. Recognizable by its relatively rather broad wings.

Annals of the Teansyaal Museum.

239

Tineola nesiastis, n. sp.

Female, 18 mm. Head pale dull fulvous. Palpi dark fuscous, terminal
joint short, pale ochreous. Antennae and thorax dark purplish-fuscous.
Abdomen fuscous. Fore wings elongate, rather narrow, costa gently
arched, apex obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded ; dark purplish-fuscous,
obscurely blackish-sprinkled ; a small round whitish-ochreous spot in
disc at three-quarters, just beyond cell; cilia fuscous with several dark
purplish-fuscous lines. Hind wings purplish-bronzy-fuscous ; cilia fuscous.

Pretoria, in December (Janse) ; one specimen.

Melasina undulata , n. sp.

Male, 23 mm. ; female, 28 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax yellow-
whitish, thorax in female tinged with greyish-ochreous ; palpi moderately
long, with loosely appressed scales. Antennae whitish, pectinations in
male : a six ; b four. Abdomen in male grey-whitish, in female grey.
Fore wings sub-oblong, moderately broad, costa slightly arched, apex
obtuse, termen straight, oblique ; ochreous-yellow-whitish, in male with
very faint indications of deeper strigulae, in female transversely strigulated
throughout with light yellowish-grey ; cilia yellow-whitish, in female
irrorated with grey. Hind wings in male yellow-whitish irrorated with
grey, in female rather dark grey ; cilia white, with grey ante-median
line.

Moorddrift (Swierstra), one male; Bandolier Kop (Grough), one female;
both taken in October, and I have no doubt of their being sexes of the
same species ; stupea, Wallgr. (described as an Euplocamus), would seem
to be a nearly allied species, but the head is described as ferruginous.

Adelidae.

Ceromitia laureata, n. sp.

Male, 18 mm. Head with mixed white and dark fuscous hairs. Labial
palpi rather long, clothed with very long rough projecting white, and a few
dark, fuscous hairs ; with scattered dark fuscous lateral bristles ; maxillary
palpi as long as labial, filiform, porrected. Antennae white, ringed with
fuscous towards base, moderately ciliated (one) towards base. Thorax
dark fuscous with a few whitish hairs. Abdomen dark fuscous. Fore
wings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen obliquely
rounded ; purple, suffusedly irrorated with blackish ; a broad suffused
yellow sub-median streak from base to middle ; a suffused yellow elongate
mark in middle of disc ; some scattered white scales tending to form several
fine white strigulae on posterior half of costa, and a fine interrupted curved
line from two-thirds of costa to tornus ; cilia grey, with dark grey sub-
basal line. Hind wings rather dark bronzy-grey ; cilia grey.

Haenertsburg, in December (Swierstra) ; one specimen.

Ceromitia phyrsima , n. sp.

Male and female, 15-17 mm. Head pale ochreous-yellowish, back of crown
whitish. Labial palpi short, grey-whitish ; maxillary longer than labial,
porrected. Antennae whitish, in male towards base with fine moderately

240

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

long ciliations (two). Thorax light greyish-ochreous. Abdomen whitish-
grey, anal tuft ochreous-wbitish. Fore wings elongate, costa moderately
arched, apex obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded ; light greyish-
ochreous, with a few whitish scales, and irregularly strewn with small
groups and dots of blackish scales ; cilia pale greyish-ochreous, towards
tips whitish. Hind wings purplish-bronzy-grey ; cilia grey, torwards tips
whitish.

Pretoria, in February and December (Janse) ; Camperdown and
Durban, Natal, in April and September (Leigh) ; four specimens. Of
these, one has veins eight and nine of fore wings stalked in both wings,
one in one wing only, the others have them separate.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

241

THE LIFE=CYCLE OF THEILERIA PARVA — THE CAUSE OF
EAST COAST FEVER IN CATTLE IN SOUTH AFRICA.

A GENERAL REVIEW.

By Dr. Richard Gonder, at present in the Transvaal.

(From the Government Veterinary Bacteriological Laboratory , Onderste-
poort, Pretoria, South Africa.)

In a previous communication* I reported on the developmental stages
of Theileria parva ( Piroplasma parvum, Babesia parva) in the organs of
cattle, and demonstrated the various stages, and I am now able to explain
practically the whole life-cycle of this parasite. I then mentioned (1) that
Theileria parva (as I call the parasite of East Coast fever), with Bettencourt,
Franca, and Borges, cannot be identified with Babesia mutans (Piroplasma
mutans) ; and (2) that the forms found in the organs of cattle represent
a specific stage in its life-cycle, the forms of which stage are of great
importance from a diagnostic point of view. Recent investigations have
completely corroborated my previous statements.

I divided the development of the parasite of East Coast fever in the
organs into two generations — distinguishable by their morphology — i.e.
agamogonous and gamogonous. As indicated by the name, the former
signifies certain forms which multiply agametically, that is to say, forms
which are not capable of performing a sexual function. It is only after
the elimination of nuclear substance (reduction of nucleus) that parasites
result from these agamogonous stages which develop into the gamogonous
generation. The gamogonous generation then supplies sexual forms which
copulate when they obtain access to the stomach of the transmitting
host.

It is generally known that every protozoon undergoes a process of
fertilization in its life-cycle ; this fertilization acts on the organism as a
regulating mechanism. The propagation or multiplication of the protozoon
is not of necessity connected with fertilization ; it may precede or succeed
it. In the course of the phylogenetic evolution of parasites, and especially
of the blood protozoa, a definite alternation of generations has developed.
The original host is undoubtedly the transmitter (Ektoparasite) in which
copulation and the succeeding encystment or an agamagonous development
takes place. In the intermediate host (man or animal) the further agametic
multiplication proceeds, ending in the progamogonous or gamogonous
generation, that is to say, with the formation of the proper sexual individuals.
The latter are only able to undergo further development in the transmitting
agent.

i

* Proceedings of Royal Society of South Africa, Capetown, and of Transvaal Biologica
Society, Pretoria, July, 1910.

242

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

In addition to this typical fertilization (the copulation of male and
female cells), we know of another form, namely, parthenogenesis, where
the nucleus undergoes a process of self-fertilization. This phenomenon is
extremely important for the explanation of relapses in protozoan diseases.
It also plays an important role in the question of immunity. In protozoan
diseases, in which parthenogenesis of the corresponding parasites occurs,
we rarely if at all meet with an absolute immunity. It is a relative
immunity designated immunitas non sterilisans. If we meet with a
protozoan disease where the female form (macrogametocyte) cannot undergo
parthenogenesis, we know that in most cases as soon as the man or animal
recovers, a complete immunity is effected.

I have given this general review for the better understanding of the
life-cycle of Theileria parva , and as will be seen later, many facts in that
cycle, and many conditions of the disease itself, can be explained by the
biology and physiology of the protozoon.

In South Africa, the tick which is of chief importance and with which
I have experimented exclusively in the latter part of my investigations
is Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Rh. evertsi , which is also a transmitter of
East Coast fever, was only used at the commencement of my investigations.

It is well known that the parasite of East Coast fever does not pass
through the egg, but the tick can only transmit the diseases in either the
nymphal or imago stage. For the completion of its cycle the tick requires
three changes of host. If a larval tick attaches itself on an animal suffering
from East Coast fever, it leaves the host as soon as it is replete, the length
of time it remains on the host depending chiefly on the external temperature,
a fact which is the cause of many difficulties in the study of the East Coast
fever parasite in the tick itself. After having dropped off the animal,
the larval tick moults sooner or later, according to external favourable
or unfavourable climatic conditions. Warmth undoubtedly influences the
rapid development of ticks. It is only after the tick has moulted into the
nymphal stage that it seeks a new host, where it again becomes repleted.
It leaves this second host to moult again for the second time in order to
finally arrive at the imago stage on the third host. It leaves this third
host either as a male, which has no other task than to mature and to
fertilize the female, or as a female to become fertilized and to replete itself
with a great quantity of blood necessary for the formation of eggs. If
the tick has been infected as a larva, it can only transmit the disease in
the nymphal stage ; if it has become infected as a nympha, it can only
transmit the disease as an imago.

An infected tick purifies itself completely from all infection once it
has bitten an animal. If infected as a larva it can only become re-infected
as a nympha, but never as an adult tick. It only transmits the disease
in the last stage if it has infected itself in the previous stage as a nympha.
Its purification can be effected by biting on any mammal ; an ox is not
exclusively necessary. As far as is known, Theileria parva is only patho-
genic for cattle. The biological peculiarity in the cleansing of the ticks
from infection has been made use of in South Africa for the combating
of East Coast fever.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

243

A reference to the plate will help to explain the whole life-cycle of
Theileria parva , and the more important forms of the parasite as seen in
the microscope are shown.

With the bite of an infected tick, small uninuclear forms arrive in the
blood circulation of cattle, and undergo further development in the organs,
more especially in the lymphatic and haemo-lymphatic glands, in the bone
marrow, and in the spleen (figure 1). These small parasites represent the
sporozites or, according to Hartman’s nomenclature, the agametes of the
first or metagame tic generation. They are only found after the ticks
have moulted, that is, at the time when the tick is ready to seek a new
host. I have not yet been able to trace these forms in cattle, and I have
not found them in clean ticks (not infected), control ticks, or in ticks which
have become purified by biting.

If we carry out a systematic puncture of the glands and an occasional
puncture of the spleen, commencing on the first day of the disease — that
is to say from the day on which the tick attaches itself — we are able to
trace the further development of the parasite. The superficial cervical
and precrural glands are the most convenient for puncturing purposes.
The first forms of the parasites are occasionally found on the twelfth or
thirteenth days, but it is difficult to state the exact date, as the incubation
time varies in the different experiments. These parasites reach the size
of about 0 ’ 8 to 1 micron, and at first are found free. During the following
days they are seen intracellularly, i.e. in the large lymphocytes, and very
rarely in other leucocytes. They grow in size rapidly within the next
few days (figures 2, 7 a, and lb). These agametes increase in size, and
after multiplication of the nuclei grow into agamonts which finally split
up into as many segments as there are nuclei. On an average the agamont
measures about 10-12 microns, rarely 12-15 microns.

Naturally the larger ones contain the greater number of nuclei. In
the intracellular forms a considerable number of segments, agametes of
the second generation, are frequently found, caused by double infection.
As a result of this parasitism, the lymphocyte is destroyed and accordingly
it is not surprising to meet irregularly formed agametes if the infected
lymphocyte dies off before the agamont has divided into its daughter
forms.

Division of the nuclei takes place by amitosis ; in exceptional cases
we meet indications of primitive mitosis in moist fixed smears or sections.
The number of nuclei increases very considerably by successive fission
processes, and may amount to more than forty or fifty. The form of
the nuclei and their structure is characteristic for the process of agamogony.
The nuclei do not possess an envelope, they have an irregular rugged form
and no compact structure. During life they do not appear very retractile,
they do not show much affinity for the various stains. When stained
with haemotoxylin or giemsa, fixed and treated by the moist method,
the stain easily escapes from the nuclei. The development of the agametes
from the youngest to the full-grown agamonts (figure 2 a and b, figure 6a
and b) and to succeeding schizogony into agametes (merosoites) can repeat
itself.

244

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

It must be stated that in the animal the disease commences with
the appearance of these agamogonons forms. The temperature begins to
rise, and reaches the maximum with the formation of the gamogonous
forms ; the agamont which does not produce any more agametes divides
into gamonts (figure 9 a) after its nuclei have eliminated the vegetative
substance (figures 8a and 8c) by the formation of chromidia, and the process
of reduction.

These gamonts increase both in size and in numbers of nuclei, and
finally divide up into gamotocytes which invade the red corpuscles, and
now represent the parasite of East Coast fever known under the name of
Theileria farm.

The gamogonous forms are clearly distinguishable from the agamogon-
ous form by their nuclei. The youngest gamonts (figures 96 and 10c and 6)
measures about 0*8 micron, and possess a strongly refractile nucleus
which takes the various stains intensively. In advanced stages (figures
ll-13a and b) the nuclei possess distinct karyosomes, and occasionally in
the youngest forms, along with the main nucleus, a second smaller nucleus
is found, which may be compared with the blepharoplast of the flagellum,
and which is of importance for the systematic position of our parasites.

The multiplication of the nuclei in the gamonts takes place by a
primitive mitosis in such a way that the karyosome splits the two fragments
of the nucleus. Finally the gamont divides into gametocytes (figure 14 a
and b) after leaving a residual body staining blue with giemsa. As already
stated, the nuclei are characterized during life by strong refraction, and
accordingly are easily distinguishable from the granules of the lympho-
cytes, although contrary to what is seen in the agamogonous forms, their
shape is more regular, being almost oval.

Usually the intracellular gamonts supply a far greater number of
gametocytes than those that are free. This is partly due to double infec-
tions similar to what is found in intracellular agamogonous forms. The
schizogony of the reduced agamonts within the lymphocytes (figure 86)
and the further development of the young gamonts may take place at
the same time, so that naturally there are a great number of gametocytes
present. In many cases I could count 150-200 gametocytes, the products
of the gamonts in one single lymphocyte.

The evolution forms of Theileria farva of the gamogonous and agamo-
gonous stages as described above have been known for some time under
the name of Koch’s bodies or plasma bodies. They have been the subject
of much discussion, especially after Martin Meyer believed he had found
similar bodies in other diseases, including piroplasmosis. As I personally
have seen preparations of Martin Meyer, and not having been able up to
the present in a single case of piroplasmosis or other disease of a protozoan
origin, to trace forms which could be mistaken for cycle forms, I must say
that the so-called reaction products, as designated by Martin Meyer, have
nothing to do with the so-called Koch’s bodies.

I have been able to follow up the segmentation during life of the
gamonts into- gametocytes, and to demonstrate these and other stages
both in cattle and ticks in their natural state. With the large material

The Life-Cycle of Theileria Parva,

V

J

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

245

placed at my disposal at the Government Veterinary Bacteriological
Laboratory, for protozoological studies, amounting to about 80-100 head
of cattle used in East Coast fever experiments, I frequently had the
opportunity of controlling my observations.

In the intracellular forms it occasionally happens that through the
dissolution of the lymphocyte, these escape and invade the blood corpuscles
as gamonts. It also sometimes occurs that very small free gamonts are
seen in the lymphatic glands, etc., which, without reaching any great
size, divide into gametocytes. Such small gamonts can finally further
divide into gametocytes in the blood corpuscles, but I very rarely succeeded
in tracing their development in the blood. Mistakes can easily occur,
since the parasite very rapidly leaves the corpuscles when the blood is
brought into different physiological conditions— a fact which can also be
noted under the microscope. The formation of “ cross-forms ” as a rule
takes place in the organs.

The gametocytes in the blood are sufficiently well known, as is also
the rapid increase of their numbers. With such a heavy infection of the
blood, one is struck with the fact that no pathological lesions are found
in the red corpuscles, and only towards the end of the disease may a slight
anisocytosis be observed. If a further development, or rather if an increase
would take place in the blood, one would expect to find changes in the
red corpuscles such as are found with the malaria-plasmodia of apes,
parasites found in bats, Babesia mutans, etc., either due to the liberation
of the toxines, or by the simple mechanical influences caused by immigration
and emigration of parasites into and out of the corpuscles. In the stages
of the East Coast fever parasite found in the blood, we do not notice such
changes of the corpuscles, and the absence of such changes Gan be explained
by the life-cycle as explained before. With the formation of the gameto-
cytes, the cycle of Theileria parva in the animal arrives at a definite
conclusion — the animal either recovers or dies.

In cattle which recover from the disease, a general decrease of the
parasites is noted in the blood after the crisis. The agamogonous forms
disappear, and with this the fever gradually subsides. The gamogonous
stages do not develop beyond the formation of gametocytes, these are
the endoglobular parasites. Since we do not find parthenogenesis, the
animal is completely protected against relapses, and recovery leaves a
complete sterile immunity. No tick can infect itself on this animal and
no infected tick can infect such a beast.

In my studies I also had an opportunity of seeing cases ending rapidly
with death (acute forms of East Coast fever), in which I could not detect
any parasites in the blood or gamogonous forms in the glands, but only
the agamogonous stages. Therefore I am of opinion that in the first
Instance agamogonous forms are those which cause the disease, or which,
in other words, possess the toxines. In some of the experiments of
Doctor Theiler, undertaken for the purpose of immunizing cattle, I have
noticed agamogonous stages in the blood after inoculation, and it may
be expected that these animals will prove immune to the disease.

246

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

The transmission of the disease with blood has hitherto not been
successful, and this may be explained by the fact that the gametocytes
do not develop any further, and do not undergo parthenogenesis. If it
is possible to transmit the disease with blood, such can certainly only be
the case at the beginning before gamogonous forms appear. In the trans-
mission experiments with organs, as undertaken at the Laboratory,
agamonts are inoculated, that is, forms which are capable of further
development.

The parasite in the red corpuscle can only undergo further develop-
ment after it has entered into the tick. The gametocytes contained in the
blood then develop further. When copulation occurs in the tick, micro-
and macrogametocytes can be distinguished in the blood. The gameto-
cyte, which is ring-shaped or pear-shaped, takes either on the elongated
or so-called bacillary form, or it grows into a broad ring or becomes more
pear-shaped. The former represents the microgametocytes, the latter
the macrogametocytes. (Figures 16 and 17.)

After the infected blood corpuscles have reached the stomach of the
tick, the parasites emigrate within the first half-hour. A great number
perish. Only the mature gametocytes grow into gametes and mix with
each other. The microgametes contain a distinct small nucleus similar
to the centrosome or blepharoplast (Browazek and Hartman) of other
organisms, which acts as the initial agency for the development.

The fertilized macrogamete (figure 18) “ rounds off ” after a kary-
myoxis and from this the ookinete results and similar to other blood
parasites takes the shape of a retort changing into that of a gregarine,
and finally grows into the elongated ookinete. The ookinetes can be
recognized by their activity — they double back and stretch out rapidly,
and show contractile movements like gregarines.

The forms given in figures 19-22, I have as yet found only in infected
ticks on the eve of moulting. During the moulting process, I was unable
to trace any intermediate forms which would lead from the ookinetes to
the agametes of the first generation (sporozoites) as shown in figure 1.
With the formation of the agametes the evolution of Theileria parva is com-
plete, and when these agametes find their way into a beast the described
cycle commences afresh.

Decently some publications have been made by Nuttall, Fantham,
and Porter on Theileria parva , in which the evolution cycle of the East
Coast fever parasite has been studied in stained dry preparations. Since
these investigators did not mention in any way the evolution forms in
the organs, and their investigations have not come to a conclusion except
in regard to the already known facts, such as number and shape of the
blood parasites, I cannot enter into any discussion for the time being.

I only wish to repeat that my observations have been made on living
material, and with preparations fixed by moist methods, and I wish to
draw attention to the detailed illustrated report due to appear shortly
in the “ Archiv. fur Protistenkunde ”, and in the report of the Government
Veterinary Bacteriologist of the Transvaal, in which I have particularly
referred to literature on the subject.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

247

Explanation of the Plate.

Figure

1

.

Agametes of the first generation (meta-

gametes).

Figure

2,

a

and b

. . Agamont with one nucleus.

Figure

3,

a

and b

. . Agamonts with several nuclei.

Figure

4,

a

and b

Medium-sized agamonts.

Figure

5,

a

and b

Large agamonts with numerous nuclei.

Figure

6,

a

and b

. . Agamonts undergoing schizogonie.

Figure

7,

a

and b

Agametes.

Figure

8,

a

and b

. . Reduction forms of agamonts.

Figure

9,

a

and b

Segmentation of reduction forms of aga-

Figure 10, a , u, and b
Figure 11, a, u, and b
Figures 12-13, a , u, and b
Figure 14, a, u , and b
Figure 15, a, u, and b
Figure 16, a , u , and b
Figure 17, a , u, and b

Figure 18, a, u, and b
Figure 19, a , u, and b
Figures 20-21, a , u, and b
Figure 21, u, w, and 5
Figure 22 ..

monts.

Young agamonts.

Medium sized agamonts with several nuclei.
Large agamonts with numerous nuclei.
Agamonts undergoing schizogonie.

Free gametocytes.

Gametocytes in the red blood corpuscles.
Micro- and macrogametes in the stomach of
the tick.

Copulation.

Karyomyxis.

Formation of the ookinetes.

Retort forms of ookinete.

Ookinete.

248

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

LAMBLIA SANGUINIS (Nov. Sp.).

By Dr. B. Gonder (with one figure in text).

The study of the flagellate genus Lamblia has lately received more attention
through observations made in the case of dysentery, in which disease
flagellates, especially Lamblia, have been found in large numbers (Prowazek,
Bohne, and others). Although the question as to the pathogenicity of
this protozoon is still undecided, yet it is probable that in combination
with other organisms it may have a harmful effect.

Up to the present Lambliae have been found only in the intestines of
rats, mice, cats, rabbits, and the human subject, and organisms similar
to Lamblia have been found in the stomach of ruminants. It needs further
investigations to determine as to whether or not these observations are
of practical importance. I think, therefore, that it is interesting from a
biological point of view to give a short description of a Lamblia which
has been found in the blood of a bird.

During the present year, in the Veterinary Bacteriological Institute
of the Transvaal, a large number of different species of birds has been
shot for the purpose of making experimental investigations with the blood
of these birds. The heart-blood of all birds used in connection with these
investigations was carefully examined before these experiments were
carried out for the presence of parasites or other organisms. By chance
a blue hawk (Elanus coeruleus) was received, in whose heart’s-blood was
found an actively motile parasite, which on careful examination proved
to be Lamblia.

This bird had been only recently shot and had died as a result of the
wounds received on the head and wing. It is natural that some may say

Annals of the Tkansvaal Museum.

249

that this infection of the heart-blood with Lamblia has occurred as the
result of invasion from the intestines, but the microscopical examination
of the intestines for this parasite was negative. Also other organs, such
as the liver and spleen, have not shown the presence of this parasite. The
fact that the blood did not show the presence of other organisms or bacteria,
with the exception of Haemoproteus (a very common parasite of birds),
is a proof that invasion from the intestines had not occurred.

We have had then to do with a real parasite of the blood, which para-
site has been recognized only as an intestinal one up to the present time.

I have found this parasite (see figure) only in the heart cavities, and
there it was present in fairly large numbers. In the smears taken from
the surface of the endocardium one could find the parasites in each field
of the microscope. The length of the parasite without the flagellum is
about 12 ^., and the breadth measures about 8 seen from above or below.
The eight characteristic flagella have nearly the same length, and they
are nearly as long as the body of the parasite, that is about 12 p.

The motions are extraordinarily active and are due to the lashing
movements of the flagella, and also to the contractions of the body. The
double axial rod (Mittelrippe of Benson), together with its system of fine
fibrils, probably plays a large part in producing these contractile motions.
These fine fibrils, which connect the basal corpuscles of the flagella together
and which also have a connection with the Mittelrippe, give to the flagellate
the well-known bilaterally symmetrical form when seen from the side, and
the characteristic shape of a pear with a stalk when seen from above or
below. In comparison with other known Lambliae, such as those of the
mouse and human subject, the sucker- like depression of this parasite is
smaller. With this apparatus the parasite can fix itself to the endo-
cardium.

Morphologically, Lamblia sanguinis , as I will call this flagellate, does
not differ markedly from other Lambliae. It chiefly resembles Lamblia
muris ; the two nuclei are situated closely to the sides of the parasite.
Their shape is elongated. In immediate contact with each of them there
is situated a distinct basal corpuscle, and from each of these basal cor-
puscles there arises a remarkably fine and delicate fibril. These two fine
fibrils pass to two other basal corpuscles situated anteriorly, from which
arise the two antero-lateral flagella. These two fibrils, which connect
these latter corpuscles with those situated in contact with the nuclei,
form the anterior portion of the border of the concave depression known as
the “ peristome area 55 .

From these before-mentioned anterior basal corpuscles there pass
two flagella which, originating as fine fibrils, pass forwards, and inter-crossing
turn round to pass along the borders of the parasite on either side, and
passing to two other basal corpuscles situated about the middle of the
Lamblia become free. A further pair of fibrils originate from these same
anterior corpuscles, and pass on the lower aspect of the parasite in an
almost straight line to two other basal corpuscles situated one on either
side close to the tail, where they become free. Both pairs of flagella
represent the anterior and posterior lateral pairs of flagella.

250

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

Between the outermost pair of anterior basal corpuscles a second
pair of these corpuscles are situated from which arises the Mittelrippe or
double axial rod. These two axial rods are situated very closely together
and pass backwards in a straight line. At their ends are situated two
basal corpuscles from which the tail flagella arise. Finally, near the middle
of the Mittelrippe, are present two basal corpuscles from which the ventral
pair of flagella arise. These latter flagella at first run parallel to each other
in serpentine fashion, but towards their termination they diverge.

There still remains to be mentioned the curious body situated immedi-
ately under the site of origin of the ventral flagella. This corpuscle has
an irregular form, but shows a fibrillar structure as seen in other Lambliae,
Thus our Lamblia sanguinis differs from other known Lambliae in
the peristome area, being first, smaller ; second, it is in part bordered
by the fibrils connecting the nuclei to the basal corpuscles, from which
arise the antero-lateral pair of flagellae. Also the nuclei are situated very
close to the sides of the organism.

Encystment could not be proved.

Annals of the Teansvaal Museum.

251

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW TRANSVAAL FISH OF THE FAMILY

CYPRINIDAE.

By Paul A. Methuen, F.Z.S.

Genus Labeo.

Cuv. Regne Anim. ii (1817) ; Cuv. and Val. Hist. Poiss. xvi (1842) ;
Heckel, Russegger’s Reise, ii (1843) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish, vii (1868) ;
Bonleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo (1901), Fish. Nile (1907), Cat. fr. -water Fish.
Africa, I (1909).

Abrostomus, A. Smith, 111. Zool. S. Africa, Fish (1841).

Tylognathus , Heckel, l.c. ; Giinth., l.c.

Rohitichthys , Bleek. Atlas Ichth. iii (1863).

Labeo transvaalensis, sp. n. — In giving the following description,
which is based on two specimens caught by Mr. T. Jenkins in the Crocodile
River, I regret that an examination of type specimens of Labeo rosae Steind.
has not been possible ; however, closely as this specimen of Labeo agrees
with the description of the above-mentioned Transvaal fish given by Mr.
Boulenger * in his Monograph of the African Fishes, I am satisfied that
the differences between the two are sufficiently patent to warrant the
separation of this Cyprinid from any known species.

Mr. Hewitt, of the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, first recognized
this fish as being distinct from Labeo rosae by a comparison of the size of
the eye. In Labeo rosae the eye is four to four and a half times in the
length of the head, about half the interorbital width ; in Labeo trans-
vaalensis the same measurements are five and one-third respectively.
Another outstanding feature is that the pectoral is relatively smaller than
that of Labeo rosae. If any faith can be pinned in colour of spirit specimens
then Labeo transvaalensis is generally goldenish ; the colour of Labeo rosae
is given as : “ Grey above, silvery white beneath.”

Description : Body rather strongly compressed. Total length, exclud-
ing caudal, two and three-fifths to three times depth. Head four and
a half times in total length ; its width about two- thirds its length. Snout
rounded. Eye lateral in middle of head, five times in length of head, one-
third interorbital width. Width of mouth with lips two and three-quarter
times in length of head. Inner surface of lower lip without papillary
striations or transverse plicae ; both lips with several rows of conical
papillae, the outer row of the upper lip longer than the rest, and forming
a marked fringe ; rostral flap entire, with slight incipient crenulations.
Barbel small, somewhat obscured by the folds of the skin. Tubercles
on snout small, not conspicuous as in Labeo cylindricus Peters, most with
crater-like scars.

* G-. A. Boulanger, F.E.S., Catalogue of the Fresh-water Fishes of Africa in the British
Museum. Vol. 1, 1909, p. 312.

252

Annals of the Teansvaal Museum.

Dorsal III 11-12 ; notched ; equally distant from anterior border
of eye and caudal ; longest ray a little longer than head. Anal III 5 ;
just fails to reach root of caudal. Pectoral shorter than head, not nearly
reaching root of pelvic, first ray of which falls below third and fourth
branched rays of dorsal (length of pectoral to head 9-10 : 11).

Caudal deeply notched and crescentic.

Caudal peduncle as long as deep.

Scales, 39 - 40 §f, e.g. 5 between lateral line and root of pelvic : 18
round caudal peduncle.

Colour : Grey above ; flanks lighter, silvery to goldenish-grey ; cheeks
and below generally goldenish white; fins light grey, the paired tinged
with gold below at base.

Total length, excluding caudal, 247 mm.

Locality : Crocodile Eiver, Rustenburg District, Transvaal.

Type and co-type in the Transvaal Museum.

January , 1911, Vol. //, No. 4.

P, 252, line 8 : delete “ e.g.”

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

253

TRANSVAAL CRUSTACEA.

Part I.

I ■ .

On a Collection made by Mr. J . Hewitt and the Rev. Noel Roberts.

By Paul A. Methuen.

This collection, which Mr. Hewitt has been kind enough to hand over
to me to work out, was made during the years 1909 and 1910. Most of
the specimens were taken in the immediate neighbourhood of Pretoria ;
some, however, came from further afield, Kimberley and Wakkerstroom
being among the recorded localities. A few tubes contain specimens
taken in the Eastern Province.

After a cursory examination of the collection the following genera
were recognized or suspected as being represented : —

Branchiopoda : Streptocephalus, Estheria.

Cladocera : Daphnia , Ceriodaphnia, Simosa, Moina, Bosmina, Chy~
dorus, Leydigia, Macrothrix.

Copepoda Gymnoplea : Broteas, Diaptomus.

Copepoda Podoplea : Cyclops , and some Harpactids.

Ostracoda : Cypris.

In the vicinity of Pretoria, which lie ; 4471 feet above the sea-level,,
the habitat of these little creatures is rain puddles, small pools, and vleis,
all liable to desiccation during the winter months, and dams in which,
as a rule, one will find water all the year round. The most abundant of
i he entomostracan fauna appears to be species of Cyclops , Harpactids,
and a species of Moina. In places Bosmina longirostris G. 0. Muller,
and Leydigia quadrangularis Ley dig, were taken in numbers. The occurrence
of Bosmina here is not without interest. The genus is recorded from
German East Africa by Weltner (7), but there appears to be no record
from South Africa previous to the present. Its distribution is probably
a matter of some importance, and has been largely used by Smith (6) to
illustrate the Antarctica theory which was first advanced by Hooker to
account for a certain similarity existing between the Cape and South
American and Australian floras. However, it is hoped in a later part to
introduce a discussion of this theory, which will be illustrated by a South
African fresh-water Gammarid which has lately come to light.

Cladocera.

Moina belli Gurney (PL, Fig 1), taken in the Orange Free State
at Kroonstad, by Major E. Eckersley, R.A.M.C., and described by Gurney (2)
in 1904 : a description and figures of the female only were given. In
the specimens from Pretoria the setose spines on the telson vary from
six to eight in number, in addition to the forked spine and minute serrated
seta springing from its base, both of which are always present ; also the
anterior margins of the two terminal claws (fig. %), as well as the posterior
margins, are partly setose. Gurney has figured two minute spines in

6

254

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

fcheir place, springing from the base of these claws. A concavity above
the eye in both female and male is evident. In addition to the ventral
margin of the carapace being setose for about two-thirds of its length
the hinder margin is also setose, but the setae on this part are minute.

In the male (fig. 3) the antennules are not ciliated ; they have indica-
tions of segmentation and bear anteriorly at about a quarter of their length
a single fine hair, and distally three curved bristles and a bunch of delicate
processes, papilla tipped. The male is somewhat smaller than the female
and naturally not so deep in proportion.

Localities: — Transvaal: Wakkerstroom ; pond near Rifle Range,

Pretoria ; Villieria, Pretoria ; Muckleneuk, Pretoria ; Roberts Heights,
Pretoria.

Bosmina longirostris 0. F. Muller, var. nov. (?) africana australis
(PL, Fig. 2; PL, Fig. 3). Female: length as in text figure from head
to tip of posterior horns of carapace 0‘40 mm., depth, O’ 32; male:
length 0*33, depth, O’ 19. The length measurements would vary slightly,
since the size of the posterior horns (fig. 3) of the carapace are not constant
in size. These structures may be rather short and smooth or somewhat
longer and notched along the central margin ; they always possess a slight
upward curve.

The female is sub-globular in form. The carapace at its dorso-posterior
extremity forms an obtuse angle ; about six fairly long hairs are seen on
the ventral margin towards the head region. The anterior part of the
head is evenly rounded ; the eye is rather small. The antennules are
fairly long. The telson bears in front of the long plumose setae a small
spine, and towards its extremity two other small spines. The terminal
claws are provided with two continuous series of setae, the proximal series
stouter and longer than the distal.

Locality : — Transvaal : Rifle Range Pond, Pretoria.

Annals of the Tkansvaal Museum.

255

Chydorus carolinae Methuen. — Described from Lake Chrissie in 1910 (4).
Mr. Hewitt’s specimens agree in every particular with this species.

Locality : — Transvaal : Wonderboom, Pretoria.

Leydigia guadr angular is Leydig (PI., Fig. 4). — Up to the present
one good and two doubtful species of Leydigia have been described
from South Africa. In 1904, Gurney ( loc . cit.) described one he called
L. afhcana, from Kroonstad. In 1907, Brady (1) described L. propinqua
Sars, from Natal, and in 1910 I described one from Lake Chrissie in the
eastern Transvaal (loc. cit.), calling it L. trispinosa. It is now evident
that neither africana nor trispinosa have any claims to be separated from
previously known species. Mr. Gurney, writing to me a little time ago,
suggested that trispinosa was synonymous with the widely distributed
propinqua. However, after a second examination of my species and of
others caught in the Transvaal by Mr. Hewitt, and after re-reading Mr.
Gurney’s description of L. africana, I have been led to the conclusion
that, according to Lilljeborg’s (3) key, the Transvaal and Orange Free
State species of the high veldt should be regarded as being L. quadrangularis .
I am very grateful to Mr. Gurney for his opinion on the subject, but I
cannot bring myself to think that the high veldt species is L. propinqua,
owing to points of difference in the shape of the carapace, the nature of
the striations or markings on the same, the length of the hairs on the
inferior margin of the labrum, the nature of the terminal claws of the
telson.

The chief differences between the two species L. propinqua and L.
quadrangularis appear to be these : —

L. quadrangularis : both terminal claws of telson provided with a
basal spine ; carapace without striations ; hairs on inferior
margin of labrum minute.

L. propinqua t : the two terminal claws of telson without basal spine ;
carapace striated ; hairs on inferior margin of labrum com-
paratively long. u f

The arrangement of the spines and setae on the margin of the telson
is distinct in both species.

Specimens Mr. Hewitt took near Pretoria, L. trispinosa from Lake
Chrissie, and, I suggest, L. africana from Kroonstad, possess those characters
which have been given above for L. quadrangularis. Leydigia was first
recorded from South Africa by Sars (5), who described L. propinqua
(acanthocercoides Fischer) from Knysna (low country), in the Cape Colony.
In his remarks about the species he says : “ From the Australian species,
described by the author as L. australis, it is at once distinguished by the
very distinct sculpturing of the shell, and, moreover, by the smaller size
of the ocellus, as well as by the form of the tail. In the latter respect it
more resembles the L. quadrangularis Leydig, a species also found in Norway,
but in that form the terminal claws have each a distinct denticle at the
base which is wanting in the present species, while the sculpture of the
shell is also different.” (Page 19.)

Fig. 5 has been introduced to show the nature of the spines on the
posterior part of the carapace, which appears to have minute thickenings,

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

256

each localized in a way such as to give the appearance of regular arrange^
ment ; these thickenings, however, do not extend over the whole of the
carapace.

Reference Literature.

(1) Brady, G. Stewardson. “ On Entomostraca collected in Natal bv
Mr. James Gibson (Part II).’5 Ann. Natal Gov. Museum, Yol. 1, pt. 2, pp.
173-186, pis. xxix-xxxii, March, 1907.

(2) Gurney, R. “ On a small collection of Entomostraca from South
Africa.” Proc. Zool. Soc., 1904, Yol. II, pp. 298-301, pi. xviii.

(3) Lilljeborg, W. “ Cladocera Sueciae.” Upsala, 1900.

(4) Methuen, Paul A. “On a collection of Fresh- water Crustacea
from the Transvaal.” Proc. Zool. Soc., 1910.

(5) Sars, G. O. “ South African Entomostraca raised from dried mud
sent from Knysna.” Yid-Selsk. Skrifter, M.-N., Kl., 1895, No. 8, pp.
1-56, pis. i-viii.

(6) Smith, W. G. “ Fresh-water Crustacea of Tasmania.” Trans.
Linn. Soc., Ser. 2, Zool. 11, pt. 4, 1909.

(7) Weltner, W. “ Die Cladoceren Ost-Afrikas, Deutsch Ost-AfrikaY
4, 1898, Berlin.

Explanation of Plates.

The figures have been drawn with the aid of a camera lucida.

First Plate.

Fig. 1. — Lateral view of a male Moina belli Gurney.

,, 2. — Lateral view of a female Bosmina longirostris var. nov. (?)
africana australis.

,, 3. — Lateral view of a young (?) male Bosmina longirostris var.

nov. (?) africana australis.

Second Plate.

„ 4. — Part of the posterior margin of the carapace of a female

Leydigia quadrangularis Sars.

,, 5. — Teison of a female Bosmina longirostris var. nov. (?) africana

australis.

,, 6. — Posterior horns of carapace of Bosmina longirostris var.

nov. (?) africana australis, indicating the extent of variation of
this structure in the species.

P, A. M. autcgr.

1. MOINA BELLI (Gi/r/iey).

2. 3. BOSMINA LONGIROSTRIS (0. F. Muller ).

4. LEYDiGIA QUADRANGU LARIS (Leydig). 5. 6. BOSMINA LONGIROSTRIS.

Supplement to the Annals Transvaal Museum.

Vol. II, July, 1910

A Check-List of the Birds

OF

South Africa

Being a record of all the species known to occur south of the
Zambezi-Cunene line (the 16th degree of south latitude)

Dr. J. W. B. GUNNING

President, South African Ornithologists’ Union

AND

ALWIN HAAGNER, F.Z.S.

Colonial Member, British. Ornithologists’ Onion
lb morary Member, Royal Hungarian Bureau of Ornithology
Honorary Secretary, South African Ornithologists’ Union

OCT 15 1910

. A,
xy%/a|

PRETORIA

The Government Printing and Stationery Office
1 9 1 0

G

I>

Supplement to the Annals Transvaal Museum.

Vol. II. July, 1910.

A Check -List of the Birds

OF

South Africa

Being a record of all the species known to occur south of the
Zambezi-Cunene line (the 16th degree of south latitude)

BY

Dr. J. W. B. GUNNING

President, South African Ornithologists’ Union

AND

ALWIN HAAGNER, F.Z.S.

Colonial Member, British Ornithologists’ Union
Honorary Member, Royal Hungarian Bureau of Ornithology
Honorary Secretary, South African Ornithologists’ Union.

PRETORIA

The Government Printing and Stationery Office

1910

INTRODUCTION

We herewith present to students of South African Ornithology
our 44 Check-list of South African Birds ”, with all additions and
revisions up to date. We have adopted Dr. Reichenow’s 44 Vogel
Afrikas” as the foundation of this list, as his is the only complete
modern work on African Ornithology, and as he has evidently
bestowed much time and care on the subject of the nomenclature
of South African birds. Where we have cause to differ from
Dr. Reichenow’s conclusions we have added in the Appendix
explanatory notes ; as is also the case with all additions to the
Avifauna of South Africa since Mr. Sclater’s Check-list was
published.

Species remarked upon in the Appendix are prefixed with an
asterisk.

The boundary taken is roughly the 16° of S. Lat., viz., a line
formed by the Cunene River on the east and the Zambesi River
on the west ; continued to the coast on the 16° of S. Lat., and not
by the great southward bend of the river, which makes the
boundary range from 15° to 19° S. Lat.

A Check-List of the Birds

of

. South Africa.

STRUTHIONIDAE.

Struthio L. 1758.

1. Struthio australis Guru. 1868. Southern Ostrich. Struisvogel.

R. 3. Sclater IV, p. 525.

SPHENISCIDAE.

Spheniscus Briss. 1760.

2. Spheniscus demersus (Linn.). 1758. Jackass Penguin. Penguin.

R. 5. Scl. IV, p. 516.

COLYMBIDAE.

Colymbus Briss. 1760.

3. Colymbus cristatus Linn. 1758. Crested Grebe. Zanddrijver.

R. 6. Scl. IV, p. 509. (Podicipes cristatus.)

4. Colymbus nigricollis (Brehm). 1831. Eared Grebe. Kleine Zand-

drijver.

R. 7. Scl. IV, p. 511. (Podicipes nigricollis.)

5. Colymbus capensis [(Licht) Salvad], 1854. Cape Dabchick.

Duikertje.

R. 8. Scl. IV, p. 513. (Podicipes capensis.)

PROCELL ARIIDAE.

Diomedea Linn. 1758.

6. Diomedea exulans Linn. 1758. Wandering Albatross. Grote

Albatros.

R. 9. Scl. IV, p. 495.

7. Diomedea melanophrys (Boie) Temm. 1828. Mollymawk. Kleine

Albatros.

R. 10. Scl. IV, p. 499.

*8. Diomedea cauta Gould. 1840. Shy Albatross. Bange Albatros
R. 12. Scl. IV, p. 505. (Thalassogeron layardi Salv., 1896.)

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

76

Thalassogeron Ridgw. 1884.

9. Thalassogeron chlororhynchos (Gm.). 1788. Yellow-billed Molly -

mawk. Geelbek Albatros.

R. 11. Scl. IV, p. 503.

10. Thalassogeron culminatus (Gld.). 1843. Gould’s Mollymawk.

Scl. IV, p. 501.

Phoebastria Rchb. 1852.

11. Phoebastria fuliginosa (Gm.). 1788. Sooty Albatross. Stinkpot.

R. 13. Scl. IV, p. 506.

Ossifraga Hornbr. Jacq. 1844.

12. Ossifraga gigantea (Gm.). 1788. Giant Petrel. Reuzen Albatros of

Slikop.

R. 14. Scl.. IV, p. 482.

Pr ocellar ia Linn. 1758.

13. Procellaria aequinoctialis. Linn. 1758. Cape Hen. Kaapse Hen.

R. 15. Scl. IV, p. 475. (Majaqueus aequinoctialis.)

14. Procellaria cinerea Gm. 1788. Great Grey Petrel. Grijxe Storm-

vogel.

R. 16. Scl. IV, p. 472. (Priofinus cinereus.)

Oestrelata Bp. 1855.

15. Oestrelata macro p ter a (A. Sm.). 1840. Long-winged Petrel or Cape

Parson. Langvleugel Stormvogel.

R. 17. Scl. IV, p. 478.

16. Oestrelata lessoni (Garn.). 1826. White Petrel or Muttonbird. Witte

Stormvogel.

R. 18. Scl. IV, p. 479.

17. Oestrelata incerta (Schl.). 1863. Brown Petrel. Bruine Stormvogel.

R. 19. Scl. IV, p. 480.

18. Oestrelata mollis (J. Gould). 1844. Soft-plumaged Petrel. Fluweel

Stormvogel.

R. 20. Scl. IV, p. 481.

Priocella Hornbr . Jacq. 1844.

19. Priocella glacialoides (A. Sm.). 1840. Silver-grey Petrel. Zilver

Stormvogel.

R. 21. Scl. IV, p. 473.

Daption Steph. 1826.

20. Daption capensis (Linn.). 1758. Cape Pigeon. Kaapse Duif,

R. 22. Scl. IV, p. 485.

Puffinus Briss. 1760.

21. Puffinus griseus (Gm.). 1788. Sooty Shearwater. Zwarte Pijistorm-

vogel.

R. 23. Scl. IV, p. 471.

22. Puffinus gravis (O’Reilly). 1818, Great Shearwater. Grote Piji-

stormvogel.

R. 24. Scl. IV, p. 468,

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

n

23. Puffinus kuhli (Boie). 1835. Mediterranean Shearwater. Bruine

Pijlstormvogel.

Sol., p. 469.

Prion Lac. 1801.

24. Prion coeruleus (Gm.). 1788. Bine Petrel. Blanwe Stormvogel.

R. 27. Scl. IV, p. 488.

25. Prion vittatus (Gm.). 1788. Broad-billed Blue Petrel. Breedbek

Stormvogel.

R. 28. Scl. IV, p. 490.

26. Prion banksi (A. Smith). 1840. Cape Blue Petrel. Kaapse Blauwe

Stormvogel.

R. 29. Scl. IV, p. 489.

27. Prion desolatus (Gm.). 1788. Narrow-billed Blue Petrel. Wal-

visvogel.

R. 30. Scl. IV, p. 491.

28. Prion brevirostris Gould. 1844. Fairy Blue Petrel. Kortbek Storm-

vogel.

R. 31. Scl. IV, p. 492.

Oceanodroma Rchb. 1852.

29. Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Vieill). 1817. Forktailed Petrel. Zwaluw-

staart Stormvogel.

R. 32. Scl. IV, p. 467.

Hydrobates Boie. 1822.

30. Hydrobates pelagicus (Linn.). 1758. Storm Petrel. Gewone Storm-

vogel.

R. 34. Scl. IV, p. 465. (Procellaria pelagica.)

Oceanites Keys. Bias. 1840.

31. Oceanites oceanicus [(Banks) Kuhl]. 1820. Sooty Petre). Storm -

zwaluw.

R. 35. Scl. IV, p. 459.

Fregetta Bp. 1855.

32. Fregetta melanogaster (J.Gd.). 1844. Black-bellied Petrel Zwart-

buikzeezwaluw.

R. 36. Scl. IV, p. 462.

LABIDAE.

Stercorarius Briss. 1760.

33. Stercorarius antarcticus (Less.). 1831. Southern Skua. Bruine

Koofmeeuw.

R. 37. Scl. IV, p. 452.

34. Stercorarius pomarinus (Temm.). 1815. Large White-necked Skua.

Grote Withals Koofmeeuw.

R. 38. Scl. IV. p. 455.

LS Annals oL tMe Transvaal Museum.

35. Stercorarius crepidatus (Banks). 1773. White-necked Skua. Withals

Roofmeeuw.

R. 39. Scl. IV, p. 453.

C

Larus Linn. 1758.

36. Larus dominicanus Lcht. 1823. Southern Black-backed Gull.

Zwartrugmeeuw.

R. 41. Scl. IV, p. 423.

37. Larus cirrocephalus Vieill. 1818. Grey-headed Gull. Grijskop-

meeuw.

R. 45. Scl. IV, p. 427.

38. Larus hartlaubi (Bruch.). 1853. White-headed Gull. Witkopmeeuw.

R. 46. Scl. IV, p. 425.

Sterna. 1758.

39. Sterna caspia Pall. 1770. Caspian Tern. Reuszeezwaluw.

R. 55. Scl. IV, p. 434.

40. Sterna bergei Licht. 1823. Swift Tern. Ylugge Zeezwaluw.

R. 56. Scl. IV, p, 436.

41. Sterna media Horsf. 1820. Lesser Crested Tern. Kleine Kuif-

zeezwaluw.

R. 58. Scl. IV, p. 438.

42. Sterna cantiaca Gm. 1788. Sandwich Tern. Grote Zeezwaluw.

R. 59. Scl. IV, p. 437.

43. Sterna dougalli Mont. 1813. Roseate Tern. Paradijs Zeezwaluw.

R. 60. Scl. IV, p. 439.

44. Sterna macrura Naum. 1847. Arctic Tern. Kust Zeezwaluw.

R. 61. Scl. IV, p. 442.

45. Sterna hirundo Linn. 1758. Common Tern. Visdiefje.

R. 62. Scl. IV, p. 440. (Sterna fiuviatilis. )

46. Sterna vittata Gm. 1788. Kerguelen Tern. Zuidelike Zeezwaluw.

R. 63. Scl. IV, p. 439.

47. Sterna minuta Linn. 1766. Little Tern. Dwerg Zeezwaluw.

R. 65. Scl. IV, p. 443.

48. Sterna minuta saundersi Hume. 1877. Pale Tern. Lichte Zeezwaluw.

R. 65a. Scl. IV, p. 444. (Sterna saundersi.)

49. Sterna balaenarum (Strickl.). 1852. Damara Tern. Damara Zee-

zwaluw.

R. 67. Scl. IV, p. 442.

Hydrochelidon Boie. 1822.

50. Hydrochelidon leucoptera (Schinz). 1815. White- winged Black Tern.

Witvleugel Zeezwaluw.

R. 69. Sol. IV, p. 431.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

79

51. Hydrochelidon hybrida (Pall.). 1811. Whiskered Tern. Witbaard

Zeezwaluw.

R. 70. Scl. IV, p. 430.

Anous Steph. 1826.

52. Anous stolidus (Linn.). 1758. Noddy. Stommerik.

R. 72. Scl. IV, p. 446.

Ryncho'ps Linn. 1758.

53. Rynchops flavirostris Vieili. 1816. African Skimmer. Geelbek

Zeezwaluw.

R. 74. Scl. IV, p. 449.

SULIDAE.

Sula Briss. 1760.

54. Sula capensis (Lcht.). 1823. Malagash. Kaapse Stommerik.

R. 79. Scl. IV, p. 17.

55- Sula cyanops (Sund.). 1837. Masked Booby. Blauwoog Stommerik.
R. 80. Scl. IV, p. 20.

56. Sula sula (Linn.). 1766. Brown Booby. Bruine Stommerik.

R. 81. Scl. IV, p. 21. (Sula leucogastra. )

PHALACROCORACIDAE.

Phalacrocorax Briss. 1760.

57. Phalacrocorax lucidus (Licht). 1823. White-breasted Duiker or

< South African Cormorant. Witborstaalscholver of Duiker.

R. 84. Scl. IV, p. 4.

58. Phalacrocorax neglectus (Wahlb.). 1855. Bank Cormorant. Bank

Duiker.

R. 86. Scl. IV, p. 8.

59. Phalacrocorax capensis (Sparrm.). 1788. Cape Cormorant. Trek

Aalscholver of Duiker.

R. 88. Scl. IV, p. 5.

60. Phalacrocorax alricanus (Gm.). 1788. Reed Cormorant or Crown

Duiker. Afrikaanse Aalscholver of Riet Duiker.

R. 89. Scl. IV, p. 9.

Anhinga Briss. 1760.

61. Anhinga rufa (Lacep. Daud.). 1799. Snakebird. Slanghalsvogel.

R. 90. Scl. IV, p. 13. (Plotus rufus.) ,

PELECANIDAE.

Pelecanus Linn. 1758.

62. Pelecanus roseus Gm. 1788. Eastern White Pelican. Grote

Pelikaan.

R. 92. Scl. IV, p. 25.

80

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

63. Pelecanus rufescens Gm. 1788. Pink-backed Pelican. Roodrug

Pelikaan.

R. 93. Scl. IV, p. 27.

ANATIDAE.

Erismatura Bp. 1832.

64. Erismatura maccoa (A. 8m.). 1837. Maccoa Duck. Maccow Eend.

R. 94. Scl. IV, p. 153.

Thalassornis Eyt. 1838.

65. Thalassornis leuconotus Eyt. 1838. White-backed Duck. Witrug

Eend.

R. 95. Scl. IV, p. 150.

Nyroca Flem. 1822.

66. Nyroca capensis [ Cuv.] Less. 1831. South African Pochard.

Bruine Eend.

R. 97. Scl. IV, p. 147. (Nyroca erythrophthalma. )

Spatula Boie. 1822.

67. Spatula clypeata (Linn.). 1758. European Shoveller. Slop.

R. 99. Scl. IV, p. 144.

68. Spatula capensis ([A.Sm.J Eyt.). 1837. Cape Shoveller. Kaapse

Slop.

R. 100. Scl. IV, p. 145.

Anas Linn. 1758.

69. Anas undulata Dubois. 1839. Yellow-billed Duck. Geelbek Eend

R. 102. Scl. IV, p. 134.

70. Anas sparsa [A. Sm.] Eyt. 1838. Black Duck. Zwarte Eend.

R. 103. Scl. IV, p. 136.

71. Anas erythrorhyncha Gm. 1788. Red-billed Teal. Roodbek Eend.

R. 107. Scl. IV, p. 141 (Poecilonetta erythrorhyncha.)

72. Anas capensis Gm. 1788. Cape Wigeon. Kaapse Smee-Eend.

R. 108. Scl. IV, p. 138. (Nettion capense.)

73. Anas punctata Burch. 1822. Hottentot Teal. Gevlekte Eend.

R. 109. Scl. IV, p. 139. (Nettion punctatum.)

Dendrocygna Sw. 1837.

74. Dendrocygna viduata (Linn.). 1766. White-faced Duck. Nonnetje

Eend.

R. 113. Scl. IV, p. 124.

75. Dendrocygna fulva (Gm.). 1788. Whistling Duck. Fluit Eendtje.

R. 114. Scl. IV, p. 126.

Nettapus Brandt. 1836.

76. Nettapus auritus (Bodd.). 1783. Dwarf Goose. Dwerg Gans.

R. 115. Scl. IV, p. 122.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

81

Sarkidiornis Eyt. 1838.

77. Sarkidiornis melanotus (Penn.). 1769. Knob-billed Duck. Knobbel

Eend.

R. 116. Scl. IV, p. 119.

Chenalopex Steph. 1824.

78. Chenalopex aegyptiacus (Linn.). 1766. Egyptian Goose. Nijlgans,

Berg Gans.

R. 117. Scl. IV, p. 128. (Alopochen aegyptiacus.)

Plectropterus Steph. 1824.

*79. Plectropterus gambensis (L.). 1766. Spur-wing Goose. Sporen Gans
of Wilde Makauw.

R. 118. Scl. IV, p. 115.

Casarca Bp. 1838.

86. Casarca cana (Gm.). 1788. South African Sheldrake. Berg Eend.

R. 120. Scl. IV, p. 131.

CHARADRIXDAE.

Haematopus Linn. 1758.

81. Haematopus moquini Bp. 1856. Black Oyster Catcher. Zwarte

Oestervanger.

R. 123. Scl. IV, p. 377.

Arenaria Briss. 1760.

82. Arenaria interpres (L.). 1758. Turnstone. Steenlooper.

R. 124. Scl. IV, p. 343.

Glareola Briss. 1760.

83. Glareola iusca. (L.). 1766. Pratincole. Bruine Kleine Sprinkhaan-

vogel.

R. 125. Scl. IV, p. 333. (Glareola pratincola.)

84. Glareola melanoptera Nor dm. 1842. Black-winged Pratincole.

Kleine Sprinkhaanvogel.

R. 126. Scl. IV, p. 333.

85. Glareola emini Shelley, 1888. Red-legged Pratincole. Rood-poot

Sprinkhaanvogel.

R. 128. Scl. IV, p. 336. [Galactogrisea emini (Shelley).]

Cursorius Lath. 1790.

86. Cursorius rufus. J. Gould. 1836. Rufous Courser. Gewone Ren-

vogel.

R. 134. Scl. IV, p. 323.

87. Cursorius temmincki Sw. 1822. Lesser Courser. Kleine Renvogel.

R. 135. Scl. IV, p. 325.

Rhinoptilus StricJcl. 1850.

*88. Rhinoptilus chalcopterus (Tem.). 1824. Bronze- wing Courser.

Bronsvleugel Renvogel.

R. 136. Scl. IV, p. 329.

82

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

89. Rhinoptilus airicanus (Tem.). 1807. Two-banded Courser. Twee-

bandige Renvogel.

R. 138. Scl. IV, p. 327.

*90. Rhinoptilus cinctus (Heugl.). 1863. Red-banded Courser. Gevlekte
Renvogel.

R. 140. Scl. IV, p. 328. (Rhinoptilus seebohmi.)

Squatarola Leach. 1816.

91. Squatarola squatarola (L.). 1758. Grey Plover. Grijze Plevier

R. 142. Scl. IV, p. 359. (Squatarola helvetica.)

Charadrius L. 1758.

92. Charadrius geoifroyi Wagl. 1827. Great Sandplover. Grote Zand-

plevier.

R. 145. Scl. IV, p. 362. (Aegialitis geoffroyi.)

93. Charadrius asiaticus Pall. 1773. Caspian Plover. Asiatise Plevier.

R. 146. Scl. IV, p. 363. (Aegialitis asiatica.)

94. Charadrius alexandrinus L. 1758. Kentish Plover. Engelse

Zandplevier.

R. 148. Scl. IV, p. 366. (Aegialitis alexandrina. )

95. Charadrius marginatus Vieill. 1818. White-fronted Sandplover.

Witborst Zandplevier.

R. 149. Scl. IV, p. 371. (Aegialitis marginata.)

96. Charadrius marginatus tenellus Hartl. 1850. Tropical White-fronted

Sandplover. Tropise Zandplevier.

R. 149a. Scl. IV, p. 373. (Aegialitis marginata pallida.)

97. Charadrius varius Vieill. 1818. Variegated Sandplover. Bonte

Zandplevier.

R. 150. Scl. IV, p. 374. (Aegialitis pecuaria.)

*98. Charadrius venustus Fschr. Rchw. 1884. Red-banded Sandplover.
Roodband Zandplevier.

R. 152. Scl. IV, p. 370. (Aegialitis venusta.)

99. Charadrius hiaticula L. 1758. Ringed Plover. Bontbek Zand-
plevier.

R. 153. Scl. IV, p. 364. (Aegialitis hiaticula.)

100, Charadrius tricollaris Vieill. 1818. Three-banded Plover. Drieband
Zandplevier.

R. 155. Scl. IV, p. 367. (Aegialitis tricollaris.)

Stephanibyx Rchb. 1852.

103. Stephanibyx melanopterus (Cretzschm.). 1826. Black-winged Lap-
wing. Zwartvleugel Kieviet.

R. 157. Scl. IV, p. 357.

102. Stephanibyx inornatus (Sw.). 1837. Swainson Plover. Swainson’s

Kievietje.

R. 158. Scl. IV, p. 358.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

83

103. Stephanibyx coronatus (Bodd.). 1783. Crowned Lapwing. Kievietje

of Kroon Kieviet.

R. 159. Scl. IV, p. 355.

Hemiparra Fil. 1865.

104. Hemiparra leucoptera (Rchw.). 1889. Long-toed Pied Lapwing.

Bonte Kieviet.

R. 163. Scl. IV, p. 350.

Hoplopterus Bp. 1831.

105. Hoplopterus speciosus ([Lcht.] Wagl.). 1829. Blacksmith Plover.

Zwarte Kieviet of Sporen Kieviet.

R. 165. Scl. IV, p. 352. (Hoplopterus armatus.)

Xiphidiopterus Rchb. 1852.

106. Xiphidiopterus albiceps (J. Grd.). 1834. White-crowned Wattled

Plover. Witkop Lelkieviet.

R. 170. Scl. IV, p. 348. *

Lobivanellus Strickl. 1841.

107. Lobivanellus lateralis (Smith). 1839. Large Wattled Plover. Lel-

kieviet.

R. 172. Scl. IV, p. 346.

Oedicnemus Tem. 1815.

108. Oedicnemus capensis Lcht. 1823. Cape Thickknee. Dikkop.

R. 175. Scl. IV, p. 315.

109. Oedicnemus vermiculatus Cab. 1868. Water Thickknee. Water

Dikkop.

R. 177. Scl. IV, p. 318.

DROMADIDAE.

Dromons Payk. 1805.

110. Dromas ardeola Payk. 1805. Crab Plover. Krabbe Kieviet.

R. 178. Scl. IV, p. 321.

SCOLOPACIDAE.

Recurvirostra Linn. 1758.

111. Recurvirostra avocetta Linn. 1758. Avocet. Kluit.

R. 179. Scl. IV, p. 383.

Himantopus Briss. 1760.

112. Himantopus himantopus (Linn.). 1758. Black-winged Stilt. Stelt

Kluit.

R. 180. Scl. IV, p. 380. (Himantopus candidus.)

Numenius Briss. 1760.

113. Numenius arquatus (Linn.). 1758. Curlew. Wulp.

R. 181. Scl. IV, p. 386.

84 Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

114. Numenius phaeopus (Linn.). 1758. Wimbrel. Kleine Wulp.

E. 182. Scl. IV, p. 388.

Terekia Bp. 1838.

115. Terekia cinerea (Guld.). 1774. Terek Sandpiper. Grauwe Ruiter.

E. 185. Scl. IV, p. 398.

Totanus Bechst. 1803.

116. Totanus pugnax (Linn.). 1758. Ruff. Kemphaan.

E. 186. Scl. IV, p. 402. (Pavoncella pugnax.)

117. Totanus littoreus (Linn.). 1758. Greenshank. Groenpoot Ruiter.

E. 187. Scl. IV, p. 392. (Totanus glottis.)

118. Totanus fuscus (Linn.). 1758. Dusky Redshank. Zwarte Ruiter.

E. 188.

119. Totanus totanus (Linn.). 1758. Redshank. Tureluur.

E. 189. Scl. IV, p. 390. (Totanus calidris.)

120. Totanus stagnatilis Bchst. 1803. * Marsh Sandpiper. Moeras Ruiter.

E. 190. Scl. IV, p. 394.

121. Totanus ochropus (Linn.). 1758. Green Sandpiper. Witgatje.

E. 191. Scl. IV, p. 397.

122. Totanus glareola (Linn.). 1758. Wood Sandpiper. Bos Ruiter of

Kleine Witgatje.

E. 192. Scl. IV, p. 395.

Tringoides Bp. 1831.

123. Tringoides hypoleucos (Linn.). 1758. Common Sandpiper. Gewone

Ruiter.

E. 193. Scl. IV, p. 399. (Totanus hypoleucus.)

Calidris Cuv. 1800.

124. Calidris arenaria (Linn.). 1766. Sanderling. Drieteenige Strand-

looper.

E. 194. Scl. IV, p. 410.

T ring a. Linn. 1758.

125. Tringa canutus Linn. 1758. Knot. Knoet.

E. 195. Scl. IV, p. 405.

126. Tringa ferruginea Brunn. 1764. Curlew Sandpiper. Krombek

Strandlooper.

E. 197. Scl. IV, p. 408. (Tringa subarquata.)

127. Tringa bairdi (Coues). 1861. Baird Sandpiper. Donkere Strand-

looper.

E. 198. Scl. IV, p. 406.

128. Tringa minuta Leisl. 1812. little Stint. Kleine Zandlooper.

E. 199. Scl. IV, p. 406.

Gallinago Leach. 1816.

129. Gallinago media (Frisch.). 1763. Double Snipe. Grote Snip.

E. 201. Scl. IV, p. 414. (Gallinago major.)

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

85

130. Gallinago nigripennis Bp. 1832. Ethiopian Snipe. Donkere Snip.

R. 202. Scl. IV, p. 416.

Rostratula Vieill. 1816.

131. Rostratula bengalensis (Linn.). 1758. Painted Snipe. Goud Snip.

R. 204. Scl. IV, p. 418. (Rostratula capensis.)

OTIDIDAE.

Otis Linn. 1758.

132. Otis kori Burch. 1822. Giant Bustard. Gompanw.

R. 205. Scl. IV, p. 308.

133. Otis cafra Licht. 1773. Stanley Bustard. Veld Pauw.

R. 207. Scl. IV, p. 300.

134. Otis ludwigi Rupp. 1837. Ludwigs Bustard. Ludwigs Pauw.

R. 210. Scl, IV, p. 298.

135. Otis vigorsi. A. Sm. 1830. Black-throated Bustard. Vaal Koraan

of Dikkop Koraan.

R. 213. Scl. IV, p. 296.

136. Otis barrowi. J. E. Gray. 1829. Natal Bustard. Natal Koraan.

R. 215. Scl. IV, p. 307.

137. Otis caerulescens Vieill. 1820. Blue Bustard. Blauwe Koraan.

R. 217. Scl. IV, p. 305.

138. Otis riippelli Wahlb. 1857. Riippell’s Bustard. Blauwkop Koraan.

R. 219. Scl. IV, p. 298.

139. Otis mficrista A.Sm. 1836. Red-crested Bustard. Bos Koraan

of Roodkuif Koraan.

R. 220. Scl. IV, p. 290.

140. Otis afroides A. Smith. 1831. White-quilled Bustard. Witvleugel

Koraan.

R. 232. Scl. IV, p. 294.

141. Otis afra Gm. 1788. Black Bustard. Zwarte Koraan.

R. 223. Scl. IV, p. 292.

142. Otis melanogaster Rupp. 1837. Black-bellied Bustard. Zwartpens

Koraan.

R. 224. Scl. IV, p. 302.

GRUIDAE.

Bug er anus Glog. 1842.

143. Bugeranus carunculatus (Gm.). Wattled Crane. Lelkraan.

R. 227. Scl. IV, p. 278.

Anthropoides Vieill. 1816.

144. Anthropoides paradisea (Licht.). 1793. Blue Crane. Blauwe Kraan-

vogel.

R. 228. Scl. IV, p. 281. (Tetrapteryx paradisea.)

86

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

Balearica Briss. 1760.

145. Balearica regulorum (Benn.). 1833. Crowned Crane. Kroon Kraan

of Mahem.

R. 231. Scl. IV, p. 284.

JACANIDAE.

Actophilus Oberh. 1899.

146. Actophilus africanus (Gm.). 1788. African Jacana. Langtoon.

R. 232. Scl. IV, p. 338.

Microparra Cab. 1877.

147. Microparra capensis (A. Sm.). 1839. Lesser Jacana. Kleine Lang-

toon.

R. 233. Scl. IV, p. 341.

RALLIDAE.

Rallus L. 1758.

148. Rallus caerulescens Gm. 1788. Caff re Rail. Kaffer Ral.

R, 237. Scl. IV, p. 244.

Crex ' Bchst . 1802.

149. Crex crex (Linn.). 1758. Corn Crake. Kwartel Koning.

R. 238. Scl. IV, p. 246. (Crex pratensis.)

150. Crex egregia Ptrs. 1854. African Crake. Kleine Kwartel Koning.

R. 239. Scl. IV, p. 248.

Limnocorax Ptrs. 1854.

151. Limnocorax niger (Gm.). 1788. Black Crake. Zwarte Kwartel

Koning.

R. 240. Scl. IV, p. 260.

Ortygometra Leach. 1816.

152. Ortygometra porzana (L.). 1766. Spotted Crake. Porceleinhoentje.

R. 242. Scl. IV, p. 250.

153. Ortygometra pusilla obscura (Neum.). 1897. Little Crake. Kleine

Porceleinhoentj e.

R. 243, Scl. IV, p. 251.

Coturnicops Bp. 1856.

154. Coturnicops ayresi Gurn. 1877. White-winged Crake. Witvleugel

Kwartel Koning.

R. 245. Scl. IV, p. 257.

Sarothrura Heine. 1888.

155. Sarothrura elegans (A. Sm.). 1839. White-spotted Crake. Witge-

vlekte Porceleinhoentje.

R. 247. Scl. IV, p. 254.

156. Sarothrura lineata (Sw.). 1837. Streaked Crake, Gestreepte porce-

leinhoentje.

R. 248. Scl. IV, p. 253,

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

87

157. Sarothrura rufa (VieilL). 1819. Rufous Crake. Roodborst porcelein-

hoentje.

R. 249. Scl. IV, p. 255.

Porphyrio Briss. 1760.

158. Porphyrio porphyrio (L.). 1758. King Reedhen or Purple Gallinule.

Koning Riethaan of Purpurboen.

R. 253. Scl. IV, p. 266. (Porphyrio madagaacariensis. )

159. Porphyrio alleni Thoms. 1842. Lesser Reedhen or Lesser Gallinule.

Kleine Riethaan of Kleine Purpurhoen.

R. 254. Scl. IV, p. 268.

Gallinula Briss. 1760.

160. Gallinula chloropus (L.). 1758. Moorhen. Waterhoen of Rooi-bles

Hoender.

R. 255. Scl. IV, p. 262.

161. Gallinula angulata Sund. 1850. Lesser Moorhen. Kleine Waterhoen.

R. 256. Scl. IV, p. 264.

Fulica Linn. 1758.

162. Fulica cristata Gm. 1788. Red-knobbed Coot. Bleshoender.

R. 257. Scl. IV, p. 270.

Podica Less. 1831.

163. Podica senegalensis (Vieill.). 1817. Peters’ Finfoot. Water Trapper.

R. 259. Scl. IV, p. 274.

TURNICIDAE.

Turnix Bonn. 1790.

164. Turnix lepurana (A. Sm.). 1836. Kurrichane Button Quail. Kurri-

chan Riet Kwartel.

R. 261. Scl. IV, p. 240.

165. Turnix nana (Sund.). 1850. Natal Button Quail. Natal Riet Kwartel.

R. 262. Scl. IV, p. 240.

166. Turnix hottentotta (Tem.). 1815. Hottentot Button Quail. Kaapse

Riet Kwartel.

R. 263. Scl. IV, p. 237.

PTEROCLIDAE.

Pterocies Tem. 1815.

167. Pterocies gutturalis A. Sm. 1836. Yellow-throated Sandgrouse.
Nacht Patrijs.

R. 264. Scl. IV, p. 187.

168. Pterocies variegatus (Burch.). 1824. Spotted Sandgrouse. Gele
Zandpatrijs.

R. 265. Scl, IV, p. 186,

88

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

169. Pterocles bicinctus Tem. 1815. Double-banded Sandgrouse. Dubbel-

gebande Zandpatrys.

R. 267. Scl. IV, p. 189.

Pteroclurus Bp. 1856.

170. Pteroclurus namaquus (Gm.). 1788. Namaqua Sandgrouse. Namaqua

Patrijs.

R. 273. Scl. IV, p. 192.

IBIDAE.

Ibis Cuv. 1817.

171. Ibis aethiopica (Lath.). 1790. Sacred Ibis. Heilige Ibis.

R. 274. Scl. IV, p. 94.

Geronticus Wagl. 1832.

172. Geronticus calvus (BodcL). 1783. Bald Ibis. Wilde Kalkoen.

R. 276. Scl. IV, p. 97.

TJieristicus Wagl. 1832.

173. Theristicus hagedash (Lath.). 1790. Green Ibis. Groene Ibis.

R. 278. Scl. IV, p. 100. (Hagedashia hagedash.)

Plegadis Kaup. 1829.

174. Plegadis autumnalis (Hasselq.). 1762. Glossy Ibis. Gians Ibis.

R. 280. Scl. IV, p. 103. (Plegadis f alcinellus. )

Platalea Linn. 1758.

175. Platalea alba Scop. 1786. Spoonbill. Lepelaar.

R. 282. Scl. IV, p. 105.

CICONIIDAE.

Tantalus L. 1758.

176. Tantalus ibis L, 1766. Wood Ibis. Nimmerzat.

R. 283. Scl. IV, p. 49. (Pseudotantalus ibis.)

Anastomus Bonn. 1823.

177. Anastomus lameiligerus Tern. 1823. Openbill. Openbek.

R. 284. Scl. IV, p. 41.

Leptoptilos Less. 1831.

178. Leptoptilos crumenifer ([Cuv.] Less.). 1831. Marabou Stork.

Afrikaanse Maraboe.

R. 285. Scl. IV, p. 46.

Ephippiorhynchus Bp. 1855.

179. Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis (Shaw). 1798. Saddlebill. Zadelbek.

R. 286. Scl. IV, p. 43.

Abdimia Bp. 1855.

180. Abdimia abdimi (Lcht.). 1823. White-bellied Stork. Groenbek

Ooievaar.

R. 287. Scl. IV, p. 32.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

89

Ciconia Briss. 1760.

181. Ciconia ciconia (L.). 1758. White Stork. Witte Ooievaar of Grote

Sprinkhaan vogel .

R. 288. Scl. IV, p. 37. (Ciconia alba.)

182. Ciconia nigra (L.). 1758. Black Stork. Zwarte Ooievaar.

R. 289. Scl. IV, p. 39.

Dissoura Cab. 1850.

183. Dissoura microscelis (G. R. Gr.). 1848. Woolly -neck Stork. Wolnek

Ooievaar.

R. 290. Scl. IV, p. 35.

PHOENICOPTERIDAE.

Phoenicopterus L. 1758.

184. Phoenicopterus roseus Pall. 1811. Greater Flamingo. Grote

Flamingo of Yogelmink.

R. 291. Scl. IV, p. 108.

185. Phoenicopterus minor Geoffr. 1798. Lesser Flamingo. Kleine

Flamingo of Kleine Yogelmink.

R. 292. Scl. IV, p. 111.

SCOPIDAE.

Scopus Briss. 1760.

186. Scopus umbretta Gm. 1788. Hammerhead. Hamerkop.

R. 293. Scl. IV, p. 51.

ARDEIDAE.

Nycticorax Steph. 1819.

187. Nycticorax nycticorax (L.). 1758. Night Heron. Nacht Reiger of

Kwak.

R. 295. Scl. IV, p. 82. (Nycticorax griseus.)

188. Nycticorax leuconotus (Wagl.). 1827. White-backed Night Heron.

Witrug Nacht Reiger.

R. 296. Scl. IV, p. 85.

Botaurus Steph. 1819.

189. Botaurus stellaris capensis (Schi.). 1863. Cape Bittern. Kaapse

Roerdomp.

R. 297 a. Scl. IV, p. 91.

Ardetta G. R. Gr. 1842.

190. Ardetta minuta (L.). 1766. European Little Bittern. Woud Aapje.

R. 299. Scl. IV, p. 88.

191. Ardetta payesi ([Verr.] Hartl.). 1858. Red-necked Little Bittern.

Roodnek Woud Aapje.

R. 300. Scl. IV, p. 86.

4

90

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

192. Ardetta sturmi (Wagl.). 1827. African Dwarf Bittern. Dwerg

Reigertje.

R. 302. Scl. IV, p. 89.

Erythrocnus Sharpe. 1894.

193. Erythrocnus rufiventris (Sund.). 1850. Rufous-bellied Heron.

Roodbuik Reigertje.

R. 303. Scl. IV, p. 77.

Butorides Blyth. 1848.

194. Butorides atricapillus (Afz.). 1804. Green-backed Heron. Groenrug

Reigertje.

R, 304. Scl. IV, p. 80.

Melanophoyx Sharpe. 1894.

195. Melanophoyx ardesiaca (Wagl.). 1827. Black Heron. Zwarte

Reiger.

R. 306. Scl. IV, p. 70;.

196. Melanophoyx vinaceigula Sharpe. 1896. Red-throated Heron

Roodkeel Reiger.

R. 307. Scl. IV, p. 72.

Ardeola Boie. 1822.

197. Ardeola ralloides (Scop.). 1769. Squacco Heron. Ral Reiger.

R. 308. Scl. IV, p. 75.

Ardea Linn. 1758.

198. Ardea goliath, Cretzsch. 1826. Goliath Heron. Reuzen Reiger.

R. 309. Scl. IV, p. 55.

199. Ardea purpurea Linn. 1766. Purple Heron. Roode Reiger.

R. 310. Scl. IV, p. 62.

200. Ardea cinerea Linn. 1758. Grey Heron. Blauwe Reiger.

R. 311. Scl. IV, p. 58.

201. Ardea melanocephala. Vig. Childr. 1826. Black-headed Heron.

Zwartkop Reiger.

R. 312. Scl. IV, p. 60.

Bubulcus [Puch.] G. R. Gray. 1854.

202. Bubulcus ibis (Linn.). 1758. Cattle Egret, Buff-backed Egret, or

Tickbird. Bosluisvogel.

R. 313. Scl. IV, p. 72.

Herodias Boie. 1822.

203. Herodias garzetta (Linn.). 1766. Little Egret. Kleine Zilver Reiger.

R. 316. Scl. IV, p. 68;

204. Herodias alba (Linn.). 1758. Large White Egret. Grote Zilver

Reiger.

R. 317. Scl. IV, p. 65.

205. Herodias brachyrhyncha Brehm. 1858, Yellow-billed Egret. Kort-

bek Reiger.

R. 318. Scl. IV, p. 66.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

91

COLUMBIDAE.

Vinago Cuv. 1817.

206. Vinago delalandei (Bp.). 1854. Cape Fruit Pigeon. Kaapse

Papegaai Duif.

R. 322. Scl. IV, p. 156.

207. Vinago schalowi (Rchw.). 1880. Northern Fruit Pigeon. Groene

Papegaai Duif.

R. 324. Scl. IV, p. 159.

Columba Linn. 1758.

208. Columba phaeonota G. R. Gr. 1856. Rock Pigeon or Speckled Pigeon.

Bos Duif.

R. 329. Scl. IV, p. 160.

209. Columba arquatrix Temur. 1808. Rameron Pigeon or Olive Pigeon.

Geelpoot Bos Duif, Olivenduif.

R. 330. Scl. IV, p. 163.

Turtur Selby. 1835.

210. Turtur senegalensis (Linn.) 1766. Laughing Dove. Lemoen Duifje.

R. 335. Scl. IV, p. 172.

211. Turtur semitorquatus (Rupp.). 1835. Red-eyed Turtle Dove. Grot®

Tortel Duif.

R. 337. Scl. IV, p. 167.

212. Turtur capicola (Sund.). 1857. Cape Turtle Dove. Kaapse Tortel

Duif.

R. 342. Scl. IV, p. 169.

213. Turtur capicola daxnarensis Finsch and Hartl, 1870. Damara Turtle

Dove. Damara Tortel Duif.

R. 342a. Scl. IV, p. 171.

*214. Turtur capicola tropicus Rchw. 1902. Tropical Turtle Dove. Tropise
Tortel Duif.

R. 342&.

215. Turtur ambiguus Boc. 1881. White-bellied Turtle Dove. Witpens

Tortel Duif.

R. 343. Scl. IV, p. 168.

Turturoena Bp. 1854.

216. Turturoena delagorguei (Del.). Crimson-winged iPigeon. Rood-

vleugel Duif.

R. 344. Scl. IV, p. 165.

Aplopelia Bp. 1854.

217. Aplopelia larvata Temm. 1809. Cinnamon Dove. Kaneel Duifje.

R. 349. Scl. IV, p. 182.

Tympanistria Reichenb. 1852.

218. Tympanistria tympanistria (Temm.). 1809. Tambourine Dove.

Witborst Duifje.

R. 353. Scl. IV, p. 178. (Tympanistria bicolor.)

92

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

Chalcopelia Bp. 1854.

*219. Chaleo pelia afra (Linn.). 1766. Metallic-spotted Dove. Staalvlek
Duifje.

R. 354. Scl. IV, p. 180.

*220. Chalcopelia afra volkmanni Rchw. 1902. Damara Metallic-spotted
Dove. Damara Staalvlek Duifje.

R. 354c.

Oena [Selby] Swccinson. 1837.

221. Oena capensis (Linn.). 1766. Namaqua Dove. Namaqua Duifje.

R. 355. Scl. IV, p. 174.

PHASIANIDAE.

Numida Linn. 1766.

222. Numida coronata G. R Gr. 1844. Crowned Guineafowl. Wilde

Tarentaal.

R. 363. Scl. IV, p. 227.

222a. Numida mitrata Pall. 1767. East African Guineafowl. Oostelijke
Tarentaal.

R. 361. Scl. IV, p. 232.

223. Numida papillosa Reichw. 1894. Damara Guineafowl. Damara

Tarentaal.

R. 366. Scl. IV, p. 321.

Guttera Wagl. 1832.

224. Guttera cristata edouardi (Hartl.). Crested Guineafowl. Kuifkop

Tarentaal.

R. 3696. Scl. IV, p. 233.

*225. Guttera lividicollis Ghigi. 1905. Pale-necked Crested Guineafowl.
Zambezi Kuifkop Tarentaal.

Pternistes Wagl. 1832.

226. Pternistes swainsoni (A. Sm.). 1836. Northern Red-necked Pheasant.

Bos veld Fazant.

R. 374. Scl. IV, p. 217.

227. Pternistes nudiQollis (Bodd.). 1783. Southern Red-necked Pheasant.

Kaapse Bos Fazant.

R. 377. Scl. IV, p. 214.

228. Pternistes humboldti (Ptrs.). 1854. White-ringed Pheasant. Wit-

ring Fazant.

R. 378. Scl. IV, p. 216.

Fmncolinus Steph. 1819.

229. Francolinus capensis (Gml.). 1788. Noisy Francolin or Cape Franco-

lin. Kaapse Patrijs.

R. 390. Scl. IV, p. 210.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

93

230. Francolinus adspersus Waterh. 1838. Red-billed Francolin. Rood-

bek Patrijs.

R. 391. Scl. IV, p. 209.

231. Francolinus natalensis A. Smith. 1833. Natal Francolin. Natal

Fazant.

R. 392. Scl. IV, p. 212.

232. Francolinus levaillanti (Val.). 1825. Cape Red-wing Francolin.

Roodvleugel Patrijs.

R. 401. Scl. IV, p. 203.

233. Francolinus afer (Latham). 1790. Grey-winged Francolin. Berg

Patrijs.

R. 403. Scl. IV, p. 201. (Francolinus africanus.)

234. Francolinus gariepensis A. Sm. 1843. Orange River Francolin.

A?rijstaat Patrijs.

R. 409. Scl. IV, p. 205.

*235. Francolinus jugularis pallidior Neumann. 1908. Erikssons’ Franco-
lin. Erikssons’ Patrijs.

R. 410. Scl. IV, p. 207. (Francolinus jugularis.)

236. Francolinus shelleyi Grant. 1890. Shelley’s Francolin. Shelley’s

Patrijs.

R. 411. Scl. IV, p. 208.

237. Francolinus coqui (A. Smith). 1836. Coqui Francolin. Swempie.

R. 416. Scl. IV, p. 197.

*238. Francolinus coqui angolensis W. Rothsch. Angola Coqni Francolin.
Angola Swempie.

R. 416a.

‘ 239. Francolinus sephaena (A. Smith). 1836. Crowned Francolin. Kuif-
kop Patrijs.

R. 420. Scl. IV, p. 199.

*240. Francolinus kirki Hartl. 1867. Kirk’s Francolin. Kirk’s Patrijs.

R. 422.

Coturnix Bonn. 1791.

241. Coturnix coturnix atricana Tern, and Schl. 1850. African Quail.

Kwartel.

R. 429a. Scl. IV, p. 221.

242. Coturnix delagorguei (Delag.). Harlequin Quail. Bonte Kwartel.

R. 430. Scl. IV, p. 224.

Excalf actoria Bp. 1856.

243. Excalfactoria adansoni (Verr.). 1851. Blue Quail. Blauwe Kwartel.

R. 431, Scl. IV, p. 226,

94

An-nals of the Transvaal Museum.

YULTUEIDAE.

Otogyps Gray. 1841.

244. Ogotyps auricularis (Baud.). 1800. Black Vulture. Zwarte Aasvogel.

R. 433. Scl. Ill, p. 389.

Lophogyps Bp. 1854.

245. Lopliogyps occipitalis (Burch.). 1824. White-headed Vulture. Wit-

kop Aasvogel.

R. 434. Scl. Ill, p. 391.

Gyps Sav. 1810.

246. Gyps kolbei (Baud.). 1800. Griffon Vulture. Gewone Aasvogel.

R. 436. Scl. Ill, p. 383.

247. Gyps riippelli Bp. 1850. Euppell’s Vulture. Euppell’s Aasvogel.

R. 427. Scl. Ill, p. 386.

Pseudogyps Sharpe. 1873.

248. Pseudogyps africanus (Salvad.). 1865. White-backed Vulture.

Witrug Aasvogel.

R„ 438. Scl. Ill, p. 388.

Neophron Sav. 1810.

249. Neophron percnopterus (Linn.). 1758. Egyptian Vulture. Egyp-

tise Aasvogel.

R„ 439. Scl. Ill, p. 394.

250. Neophron monachus (Temm.). 1823. Hooded Vulture. Monnik

Aasvogel.

R. 440. Scl. Ill, p. 397. (Nicrosyrtes pileatus.)

EALCONIDAE.

Serpentarius Guv . 1798.

251. Serpentarius serpentarius (Miller). 1785. Secretary Bird. Secretaris

Vogel of Slangenvreter.

R. 441. Scl. Ill, p. 402.

Polyhoroides A. Sm. 1830.

252. Polyhoroides typicus A. Smith. 1830. Harrier Hawk. Grote Blauw

Havik.

R. 442. Scl. Ill, p. 380.

Circus Lacep. 1806.

253. Circus pygargus (Linn.). 1758. Montague’s Harrier. Blauwe Kuiken-

dief.

R. 443. Scl. Ill, p. 368. (Circus cineraceus.)

254. Circus macrourus (Gm.). 1771. Pallid Harrier. Vale Kuikendief.

R. 444. Scl. Ill, p. 370.

255. Circus maurus (Tem.). 1828. Black Harrier. Zwarte Kuikendief,

R, 446r Set III, p. 372,

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

95

256. Circus aeruginosus (Linn.). 1766. Marsh Harrier. Bruine Kuiken-

dief.

R. 447. Scl. Ill, p. 374.

257. Circus ranivorus (Baud.). 1800. South African Harrier. Paddavreter.

R. 448. Scl. Ill, p. 374.

Melierax Gray. 1840.

258. Melierax canorus (Rislach). 1799. Chanting Goshawk. Grote

Blauw Valk.

R. 449. Scl. Ill, p. 361.

259. Melierax mechowi Cab. 1882. Mechow’s Goshawk. Donkere Blauw

Valk.

R. 452. Scl. Ill, p. 363.

Kaupifalco Bp.

260. Kaupifalco monogrammicus (Tem.). 1824. African Buzzard Eagle.

Blauwe Streep valk.

R. 453. Scl. Ill, p. 327. (Asturinula monogrammica. )

*261. Kaupifalco monogrammicus meridionalis (Hartl.). 1860. Northern
Buzzard Eagle. Noordelike Blauwe Streepvalk.

R. 453a.

Astur Lacep. 1801.

262. Astur melanoleucus (A. Sm.). 1830. Black Sparrow Hawk. Bonte

Sperwer.

R. 454. Scl. Ill, p. 353. (Accipiter melanoleucus.)

263. Astur tachiro (Daud.). 1800. African Goshawk. Zuidafrikaanse

Havik.

R. 455. Scl. Ill, p. 356.

264. Astur polyzonoides (A. Sm.). 1838. Little Banded Goshawk. Veel-

bandige Havik.

R. 456. Scl. Ill, p. 358.

Accipiter Briss. 1760.

265. Accipiter ovampensis Gurn. 1875. Ovampo Sparrow Hawk. Ovampo

Sperwer.

R. 459. Scl. Ill, p. 352.

«

266. Accipiter rufiventris A. Sm. 1830. Red-breasted Sparrow Hawk.

Afrikaanse Sperwer.

R. 460. Scl. Ill, p. 350.

267. Accipiter minullus (Daud.). 1800. Little Sparrow Hawk. Kleine

Sperwer.

R. 461. Scl. Ill, p. 348.

*268. Accipiter minullus tropicalis Rchw. 1898. Pale Little Sparrow Hawk.
Noordelike Kleine Sperwer,

R, 461a,

96 Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

Micronisus Gray. 1840.

269. Micronisus gabar (Daud.). Gabar Goshawk. Kleine Blauwvalk.

R. 465. Scl. Ill, p. 364. (Melierax gabar.)

270. Micronisus niger (Vieill.). 1823. Black Goshawk. Zwarte Valkje.

R. 466. Scl. Ill, p, 366. (Melierax niger.)

Circaetus Vieill. 1816.

271. Circaetus pectoralis A. Sm. 1830. Black-breasted Harrier Eagle.

Uilarend.

R. 471. Scl. Ill, p. 324.

272. Circaetus fasciolatus G. R. Gr, 1848. Banded Harrier Eagle. Gebande

Uilarend.

R. 473. Scl. Ill, p. 326.

Spizaetus Vieill. 1816.

273. Spizaetus bellicosus (DaucL). 1800. Martial Hawk Eagle. Breedkop

Arend.

R. 475. Scl. Ill, p. 301. (Eutolmaetus bellicosus.)

274. Spizaetus coronatus (Linn.). 1766. Crowned Hawk Eagle. Gekroonde

Arend.

R. 476. Scl. Ill, p. 304.

Hieraaetus Kaup. 1844.

275. Hieraaetus spilogaster ([Du Bus] Bp.). 1850. African Hawk Eagle.

Hoender Jager.

R. 478. Scl. Ill, p. 299. (Eutolmaetes spilogaster.)

276. Hieraaetus pennatus (Gm.). 1788. Booted Eagle. Dwerg Arend.

R. 480. Scl. Ill, p. 298. (Eutolmaetus pennatus.)

277. Hieraaetus wahlbergi. (Sund.). 1850. Brown Eagle. Bruine Arend.

R. 481. Scl. Ill, p. 296. (Aquila wahlbergi.)

Lophoaetus Kaup. 1847.

278. Lophoaetus occipitalis (Daud.). 1800. Crested Hawk Eagle. Kuif-

kop Arend.

R. 482. Scl. Ill, p. 307.

Aquila Briss. 1760.

279. Aquila verreauxi. Less. 1830. Black Eagle. Zwarte Arend of

Dassie-vanger.

R. 483. Scl. Ill, p. 292.

280. Aquila rapax (Temm.). 1828. Tawny Eagle. Roof Arend of

Kouwvogel.

R. 486. Scl. Ill, p. 294.

Buteo Guv. 1800.

281. Buteo jakal (Daud.). 1800. Jackal Buzzard. Jakhalsvogel.

R. 488. Scl. Ill, p. 330.

282. Buteo augur Rupp. 1835. Augur Buzzard, Zwartrug Buizerd.

ft. 489. Scl. Ill, p. 333.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

97

283. Buteo desertorum (Baud.). 1800. Steppe Buzzard. Vale Buizerd.

R. 491. Scl. Ill, p. 333.

Machaerhamphus Westerman. 1848.

284. Machaerhamphus anderssoni (Gurney). 1865. Anderson’s Pern.

Damara Wespendief.

R. 492. Scl. Ill, p. 344.

Helotarsus A. Sm. 1830.

285. Helotarsus ecaudatus (Daud.). 1800. Bateleur Eagle. Berghaan.

R. 494. Scl. Ill, p. 314.

Gypaetus Storr. 1784.

286. Gypaetus ossifragus meridionalis Keys. Bias. 1840. Southern

Lammergeyer. Afrikaanse Lammergier.

R. 495ft. Scl. Ill, p. 320. (Gypaetus ossifragus.)

Gypohierax Rupp. 1835.

287. Gypohierax angolensis (Gm.). 1788. Vulturine Sea Eagle. Bonte

Zee Arend.

R. 496. Scl. Ill, p. 318.

Haliaetus Savig. 1809.

288. Haliaetus vocifer (Daud.). 1800. Sea Eagle. Zee Arend.

R. 497. Scl. Ill, p. 310.

Pandion. Savig. 1809.

289. Pandion haliaetus (Linn.). 1758. Osprey. Vis Arend.

R. 498. Scl. Ill, p. 400.

Milvus Cuv. 1800.

290. Milvus aegyptius (Gm.). 1788. Egyptian or Yellow-billed Kite.

Geelbek Wouw.

R. 499. Scl. Ill, p. 336.

291. Milvus korschun (Gm.). 1771. Black Kite. Zwarte Wouw.

R. 500. Scl. Ill, p. 338.

Pernis Cuv. 1817.

292. Pernis apivorus (Linn.). 1758. Pern. Wespendief.

R. 501. Scl. Ill, p. 346.

Planus Savig. 1810.

293. Elanus caeruleus (Desk). 1787. Black-shouldered Kite. Blauw

Valkje of Witte Sperwel.

R. 502. Scl. Ill, p. 339.

Baza Hodgs. 1836.

294. Baza verreauxi (Lair.). 1846. Cuckoo Falcon. Koekoek Yalk.

R. 505. Scl. Ill, p. 287.

Falco Linn. 1758.

*295. Falco peregrinus Tunst. 1771. Peregrine Falcon. Slecht Yalk.

R. 507.

98

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

296. Falco minor Bp. 1850. South African Peregrine Falcon. Kleine

Slecht Valk.

R. 508. Scl. Ill, p. 268.

297. Falco biarmicus Temm. 1825. South African Lanner. Zuidafrikaanse

Edelvalk.

R. 510. Scl. Ill, p. 269.

298. Falco subbuteo Linn. 1758. Hobby. Boomvalk.

R, 512. Scl. Ill, p. 272.

299. Falco cuvieri A. Sm. 1830, African Hobby. Afrikaanse Boomvalk.

R. 514. Scl. Ill, p. 273.

300. Falco ruficollis Sw. 1837. Red-necked Falcon. Roodnek Yalk.

R. 516. Scl. Ill, p. 274.

Cerchneis Boie. 1826.

*301. Cerchneis vespertina (Linn.) 1766. Western Red-legged Kestrel.
Roodpoot Valk.

R. 517. Scl. Ill, p. 282.

302. Cerchneis amurensis Radde. 1863. Eastern Red-legged Kestrel.

Oostelike Roodpoot Yalk.

R. 517. Scl. in, p. 284.

303. Cerchneis dickensoni (Scl.). 1864. Dickenson’s Kestrel. Dickenson’s

Valkje.

R. 519. Scl. Ill, p. 285.

304. Cerchneis rupicoloides (A. Sm.). 1830. Large African Kestrel. Grote

Toren Yalk.

R, 521. Scl. Ill, p. 279.

305. Cerchneis rupicola (Daud.). 1800. South African Kestrel. Toren

Yalk of Rood Yalk.

R, 523. Scl. Ill, p. 276.

306. Cerchneis naumanni (Fleisch.). 1818. Lesser Kestrel. Kleine Toren

Yalk.

R. 527. Scl. Ill, p. 280.

Poliohierax Kaup . 1847.

307. Poliohierax semitorquatus (A. Sm.). 1836. Pigmy Falcon. Dwerg

Valkje.

R. 528. Scl. Ill, p. 289.

STRIGIDAE.

Scotopelia Bp. 1850.

308. Scotopelia peli [Temm.] Bp. 1850. Pel’s Fishing Owl. Vis Uil.

R. 529. Scl. Ill, p. 260.

Bubo Bum. 1860.

309. Bubo lacteus (Temm.). 1820. Giant Eagle Owl. Reuzen Ooruil,

R, 532. Scl, III, p. 252,

Annals of the Transv 4al Museum.

99

*310. Bubo ascalaphus trothae Rchw. 1906. Damara Eagle Owl. Damara
Ooruil.

311. Bubo capensis A. Sm. 1843. Cape Eagle Owl. Kaapse Ooruil.

R. 535. Scl. Ill, p. 248.

312. Bubo maculosus (Vieill.). 1817. Spotted Eagle Owl. Gevlekte

Ooruil.

R. 536. Scl. Ill, p. 249.

Asio Briss. 1760.

313. Asio nisuella (Baud.). 1800. Marsh Owl. Ylei Uil.

R. 541. Scl. Ill, p. 241. (Asio capensis.)

*314. Asio leucotis erlangeri Og. Grant. 1906. White-faced Owl. Witwang
Uil.

R. 543. Scl. Ill, p. 243. (Asio leucotis.)

Pisorhina Kaup. 1848.

315. Pisorhina capensis (A. Sm.). 1843. Cape Scops Owl. Kleine Ooruil.

R. 517. Scl. Ill, p. 254. (Scops capensis.)

Syrnium Savig. 1809.

316. Syrnium woodfordi (A. Sm.). 1834. Bush Owl. Bos Uil.

R. 551. Scl. *111, p. 245.

Glaucidium Boie. 1826.

317. Glaucidium capense (A. Sm.). 1834. Barred Owlet. Gestreepte

Uiltje.

R. 554, Scl. Ill, p. 259.

318. Glaucidium perlatum (Vieill.). 1817. Pearl-spotted Owlet. Parel

Uiltje, of Dwerguiltje.

R. 557. Scl. Ill, p. 257.

Strix Linn. 1758.

319. Strix fianunea maculata Brehm. 1858. Cape Barn Owl. Kaapse

Kerkuil.

R. 558. Scl. Ill, p. 237. (Strix flammea.)

320. Strix capensis A. Sm. 1834. Grass Owl. Gras Uil.

R. 559. Scl. II, p. 239.

PSITTACIDAE.

Poicephalus (Sw.). 1873.

321. Poicephalus robustus (Gm.). 1788. Bed-shouldered Parrot. Grote

Papegaai.

R. 563. Scl. Ill, p. 224.

322. Poicephalus robustus suahelicus Reich. 1898. Red-crowned Parrot.

Roodkop Papegaai.

R. 5636. Scl. Ill, p. 226. (Poeocephalus fuscicollis. )

100

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

*323. Poicephalus meyeri (Cretzschm.). 1826. Meyer’s Parrot. Meyer’s
Papegaai.

R. 565. Scl. Ill, p. 228.

Neumann has separated this species into the undermentioned forms,
which require confirmation :■ —

(a) Poicephalus meyeri transvaalensis Neum. 1899.

R. 565c.

(b) Poicephalus meyeri damarensis. Neum. 1898.

R. 565 d.

324. Poicephalus riippelli (Gray). 1848. Brown Parrot. Bruine Papegaai.

R. 566. Scl. Ill, p. 229.

325. Poicephalus fuscicapillus (Verr. Desmurs.). 1849. Brown-headed

Parrot. Bruinkop Papegaai.

R. 568. Scl. Ill, p. 226.

Agapornis Selby. 1836.

326. Agapornis roseicollis (Vieill.). 1817. Rosy-faced Lovebird. Roodkop

Parakiet.

R. 573. Scl. Ill, p. 231.

*327. Agapornis nigrigenis W. L. Scl. 1906. BlSck-faced Lovebird. Zwart-
wang Parakiet.

328. Agapornis lilianae Shelley. 1894. Nyassa Lovebird. Nyassa Parakiet.

R. 576. Scl. Ill, p. 233.

MUSOPHAGIDAE.

Chizaerhis Wagl. 1827.

329. Chizaerhis concolor (A. Sm.). 1833. Grey Lourie. Kweevogel of

Grote Muisvogel.

R. 586. Scl. Ill, p. 219.

Gallirex Less. 1844.

330. Gallirex porphyreolophus (Vig.). 1831. Purple-crested Lourie.

Blauwkuif Loerie.

R. 589. Scl. Ill, p. 217.

331. Gallirex chlorochlamys. Shelley. 1881. Zambezi Purple-crested Lourie.

Zambezie Blauwkuif Loerie.

R. 590. Scl. Ill, p. 219.

Turacus Cuv. 1800.

332. Turacus corythaix (Wagl.). 1827. Cape Lourie. Gewone Loerie.

R. 601. Scl. Ill, p. 213.

*333. Turacus corythaix phoebus, Neum. 1907. Transvaal Lourie.
Transvaalse Loerie,

Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 101

334. Turacus livingstonei G. R. Gray. 1864. Livingstone Lourie. Living-
stone Loerie.

R. 606. Scl. Ill, p. 216.

*335. Turacus reichenowi (Fschr.). 1880. Reichenow’s Lourie. Reiche-
now’s Loerie.

R. 608.

CUCULLDAE.

Centropus III. 1811.

336. Centropus senegalensis (Linn.). 1866. Senegal Coucal. Senegal

Yleiloerie.

R. 613. Scl. Ill, p. 206.

337. Centropus burchelli Swains. 1838. Black-headed Coucal. Zwartkop

Vleiloerie.

R. 614. Scl. Ill, p. 203.

338. Centropus cupreicaudus Reich. 1896. Bronze- tailed Coucal.

Bronsstaart Vleiloerie.

R. 616. Scl. Ill, p. 207.

339. Centropus superciliosus Hemp. Ehr. 1828. White-browed Coucal.

Bruinkop Vleiloerie.

R. 618. Scl. Ill, p. 208.

340. Centropus flecki Rchw. 1893. Fleck’s Coucal. Fleck’s Vleiloerie.

R. 619. Scl. Ill, p. 207.

341. Centropus grilli Hartl. 1861. Natal Coucal. Natal Vleiloerie.

R. 623. Scl. Ill, p. 209. (Centropus nigrorufus.)

Ceuthmochares. Cab. Heine. 1862.

342. Ceuthmochares australis. Sharpe. 1873, Green Coucal. Groene

Vleiloerie.

R. 627. Scl. Ill, p. 210.

Clamator Kaup. 1829.

343. Clamator serratus (Sparrm.). 1789. Black Crested Cuckoo. Nieuw-

jaarsvogel.

R. 628. Scl. Ill, p. 199. (Coccystes serratus.)

344. Clamator cafer (Licht.). 1793. Stripe-breasted Cuckoo. Streepborst

Koekoek.

R. 629. Scl. Ill, p. 198. (Coccystes cafer.)

345. Clamator jacobinus (Bodd.). 1783. Black and White Cuckoo. Bonte

Koekoek.

R. 630. Scl. Ill, p. 195. (Coccystes jacobinus.)

346. Clamator jacobinus hypopinarus Cab. Heine. 1862. Black and Grey

Cuckoo. Zwarte en Grijze Koekoek.

R. 6306. Scl. Ill, p. 197. (Coccystes hypopinarius. )

102

Annals of the Transvaal MuseuM.

347. Clamator glandarius (Linn.). 1758. Great Spotted Cuckoo. Grote

Gevlekte Koekoek.

R. 632. Scl. Ill, p. 193. (Coccystes glandarius.)

Cuculus Linn. 1758.

348. Cuculus clamosus Lath. 1802. Black Cuckoo. Zwarte Koekoek.

R. 635. Scl. Ill, p. 182.

349. Cuculus solitarius Steph. 1815. Red-chested Cuckoo. Roodborst

Koekoek.

R. 636. Scl. Ill, p. 178.

350. Cuculus canorus Linn. 1758. European Cuckoo. Europese

Koekoek.

R. 639. Scl. Ill, p. 177.

351. Cuculus gularis Steph. 1815. South African Cuckoo. Zuid-

afrikaanse Koekoek.

R. 640. Sel. Ill, p. 174.

352. Cuculus poliocephalus Lath. 1790. Lesser Cuckoo. Kleine Koekoek.

R. 641. Scl. Ill, p. 178.

Chrysococcyx Boie. 1827.

353. Chrysococcyx cupreus (Bodd.). 1783. Golden Cuckoo. Diederik of

Goud Koekoek.

R. 642. Scl. Ill, p. 189.

354. Chryscoccyx klaasi (Steph.). 1815. Bronze Cuckoo. Bronzen Koe-

koek.

R. 643. Scl. Ill, p. 186.

Metallococcyx Rchw. 1896.

355. Metallococcyx smaragdineus (Swains). 1837. Emerald Cuckoo.

Groene Koekoek.

R. 645. Scl. Ill, p. 185. (Chrysococcyx smaragdineus.)

INDICATORIDAE.

Indicator Vieill. 1816.

356. Indicator indicator (Gm.). 1788. AVhite-cheeked Honeyguide. Wit-

wang Honigwijzer.

R. 646. Scl. Ill, p. 146. (Indicator sparrmanni.)

357. Indicator major Steph. 1815. Yellow- throated Honeyguide. Geel-

keel Honigwijzer.

R. 647. Scl. Ill, p. 149.

358. Indicator variegatus Less. 1831. Scaly-tliroated Honeyguide. Bonte

Honigwijzer.

R. 648. Scl. Ill, p. 151.

359. Indicator minor Steph. 1815. Lesser Honeyguide. Kleine Honig-

wijzer.

R. 652. Scl. Ill, p. 152.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 103

Prodotiscus Sundev. 1850.

360. Prodotiscus regulus Sund. 1850. Little Honeyguide. Kleinste

Honigwijzer.

R. 658. Scl. Ill, p. 155.

CAPITONIDAE.

Lybius Herm. 1783.

361. Lybius torquatus (Dumont). 1806. Black-collared Barbet. Ringhals

Houtkapper.

R. 675. Scl. Ill, p. 157.

*362. Lybius zombae (Shelley). 1893. Zomba Barbet. Zomba Houtkapper.
R. 672.

Triclnolaema Verr. 1855.

363. Tricholaema leucomelan (Bodd.). 1783. Pied Barbet. Bonte Hout-

kapper.

R. 688. Scl. Ill, p. 160.

364. Tricholaema affine (Shelley). 1879. Black-crowned Barbet. Zwart-

kop Houtkapper.

R. 687. Scl. Ill, p. 162.

Bucccmodon Verr. Hartl. 1857.

365. Buccanodon woodwardi (Shell.). 1895. Olive Barbet. Groeiie

Houtkapper.

R. 698. Scl. Ill, p. 165. (Stactolaema woodwardi.)

366. Buccanodon sowerbyi (Sharpe). 1898. Sowerby’s Barbet. Sowerby’s

Houtkapper.

R. 701. ,Scl. Ill, p. 164. (Stactolaema sowerbyi.)

367. Buccanodon leucotis (Sund.). 1850. White-eared Barbet. Witwang

Houtkapper.

R. 703. Scl. Ill, p. 163. (Stactolaema leucotis.)

Barbatula Less. 1837.

368. Barbutala bilineata (Sund.). 1850. White-browed Tinkerbird.

Streepkop Tinker.

R. 711. Scl. Ill, p. 169.

369. Barbatula extoni Lay. 1871. Yellow-fronted Tinker. Goudkop

Tinker.

R. 718. Scl. Ill, p. 168.

370. Barbatula pusilla (Dum.). 1806. Red-fronted Tinker. Vuurkop

Tinker.

R. 719. Scl. Ill, p. 166.

Trachyphonus Banz. 1821.

371. Trachyphonus cafer (Vieill.). 1818. Crested Barbet. Kuifkop Hout-

kapper.

R. 724. Scl. Ill, p. 170.

104 Annals of the 'Transvaal Museum.

PICIDAE.
lynx L. 1758.

372. lynx ruflcollis Wagl. 1830. South African Wryneck. Zuid-

afrikaanse Draaihals.

R. 736. Scl. Ill, p. 142.

Geocolaptes Sw. 1831.

373. Geocolaptes olivaceus (Gm.). 1788. Ground Woodpecker. Grond

Specht.

R. 739. Scl. Ill, p. 126.

Dendromus, Sw. 1837.

*374. Dendromus malherbei (Cass). 1863. Malherbe’s Woodpecker. Mal-
herbe’s Specht.

R. 746.

375. Dendromus chrysurus abingoni (A. Sm.). 1836. Golden- tailed

Woodpecker. Goudstaart Specht,

R. 747a. Scl. Ill, p. 13 0. (Campothera abingdoni.)

376. Dendromus smithi (Malh.). 1845. Smith’s Woodpecker. Smith’s

Specht.

R. 748. Scl. Ill, p. 131. (Campothera smithi.)

377. Dendromus bennetti (A. Sm.). 1836. Bennett’s Woodpecker.

Bennett’s Specht.

R. 749. Scl. Ill, p. 133. (Campothera bennetti.)

*378. Dendromus scriptoricauda Rchw. Black- tailed Woodpecker. Zwart-
staart Specht.

R. 752.

379. Dendromus notatus (Licht.). 1823. Knysna Woodpecker. Knysna

Specht.

R. 753. Scl. Ill, p. 129. (Campothera notata.)

Mesopicus Malh. 1849.

380. Mesopicus griseocephalus (Bodd.). 1783. Olive Woodpecker. Grijs-

kop Specht.

R. 759. Sclr III, p. 140.

381. Mesopicus namaquus (Licht.). 1793. Bearded Woodpecker.

Namaqua Specht.

R. 763. Scl. Ill, p. 138. (Thripias namaquus.)

Dendropicos Malh. 1849.

382. Dendropicos guineensis (Scop.). 1786. Cardinal Woodpecker. Kar-

dinaal Specht.

R. 765. Scl, III, p. 135. (Dendropicus cardinalis.)

*382a. Dendropicos hartlaubi Malh, 1879. Eastern Cardinal Woodpecker.
Oostelike Kardinaal Specht.

R. 766.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

105

COLIIDAE.

Colius Briss. 1760.

383. Colius striatus Gm. 1788. Speckled Mousebird or Coly. Gestreepte
Muisvogel.

R. 777. Scl. Ill, p. 95.

*384. Colius striatus minor Cab. 1876. Natal Speckled Coly. Natal
Muisvogel.

R. 777 a.

385. Colius colius (Linn.). 1766. Cape Coly. Kaapsche Muisvogel.

R. 782. Scl. Ill, p. 97. (Colius capensis.)

*386. Colius colius damarensis Rchw. 1899. Damara Coly. Damara
Muisvogel.

R. 782a.

387. Colius indicus Lath. 1790. Red-faced Coly. Roodwang Muisvogel.

R. 783. Scl. Ill, p. 99. (Colius erythromelon. )

388. Colius indicus lacteiirons Sharpe. 1892. White-fronted Mousebird.

Lichte Roodwang Muisvogel.

R. 783a. Scl. Ill, p. 100. (Colius erythromelon lacteifrons. )

*389. Colius kirbyi Sharpe. 1907. Cinnamon Coly. Bruine Muisvogel.

TROGONIDAE.

Apaloderma Sw. 1837.

390. Apaloderma narina (Steph.). 1815. Narina Trogon. Bos Lourie.

R. 785. Scl. Ill, p. 121. (Hapaloderma narina.)

CORACIIDAE.

Coracias Linn. 1758.

391. Coracias garrulus Linn. 1758. European Roller. Europese

Scharrelaar of Trouwpand.

R. 788. Scl. Ill, p. 46.

392. Coracias spatulatus Trim. 1880. Racquet- tailed Roller. Breedstaart

Trouwpand of Breedstaart Scharrelaar.

R. 790. Scl. Ill, p. 50.

*393. Coracias weigaili Dresser. 1890. Fawn-breasted Racquet-tailed
Roller. Noordelike Breedstaart Trouwpand.

R. 791.

394. Coracias caudatus L. 1766. Lilac-breasted Roller. Scharrelaar of

Trouwpand.

R. 792. Scl. Ill, p. 48.

395. Coracias mosambicus Dress. 1870. White-naped Roller. Grote

Scharrelaar of Grote Trouwpand.

R. 795. Scl. Ill, p. 51.

106

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

Eurystomus Vieill. 1816.

396. Eurystomus afer (Lath.). 1790. Cinnamon Boiler. G-eeibek Scharre-
laar of Geelbek Trouwpand.

R. 797. Scl. Ill, p. 54.

*397. Eurystomus glaueurus (St. Mull.). Madagascar Purple Boiler.
Madagascar Geelbek Trouwpand.

R. 800.

BUCEBOTIDAE.

Bucorvus Less. 1831.

398. Bucorvus caier (Schl.). 1862. Ground Hornbill. Bromvogel.

R. 802. Scl. Ill, p. 102. (Bucorax cafer.)

Bycanistes Cab. Heine. 1860.

399. Bycanistes cristatus (Rupp.). 1835. Crested Hornbill. Kuifkop

Neushoornvogel of Boskraai.

R. 805. (W.L. Scl. Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill, p. viii,

No. 427a.)

400. Bycanistes bucinator (Temm.). 1824. Trumpeter Hornbill. Trom-

petter Neushoornvogel of Boskraai.

R. 809. Scl. Ill, p. 106.

Lophoceros Hemp, and Ehr. 1826.

401. Lophoceros melanoleucos (A. Lieht.). 1793. Crowned Hornbill.

Gekroonde Boskraai of Neushoornvogel.

R. 814. Scl. Ill, p. 110.

*402. Lophoceros neumanni Rchw. 1894. Neumann’s Hornbill. Neu-
mann’s Boskraai.

R. 817.

403. Lophoceros monteiri ( Hartl. ). 1865. Monteiro Hornbill. Monteiro

Boskraai of Neushoornvogel.

R. 818. Scl. Ill, p. 113.

404. Lophoceros nasutus epirhinus (Sund.). 1850. South African Grey

Hornbill. Grijze Boskraai of Neushoornvogel.

R. 822a. Scl. Ill, p. 114. (Lophoceros epirhinus.)

405. Lophoceros leucomelas (Lieht.). 1842, Yellow-billed Hornbill.

Geelbek Boskraai of Neushoornvogel.

R. 823. Scl. Ill, p. 118.

406. Lophoceros erythrorhynchus (Temm.). 1823. Bed-billed Hornbill.

Boodbek Boskraai of Neushoornvogel.

R. 827. Scl. Ill, p. 116.

407. Lophoceros erythrorhynchus damarensis Shelley. 1888. Damara

Bed-billed Hornbill. Damara Boskraai.

R. 827a. Scl. Ill, p. 117. (Lophoceros damarensis.)

Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 107

ALCEDINIDAE.

Halcyon Sw. 1820.

408. Halcyon chelicuti (Stanley). 1814. Striped Kingfisher. Gestreepte

Visvanger.

R. 832. Scl. Ill, p. 89.

409. Halcyon albiventris (Scop.). 1786. Brown-hooded Kingfisher.

Bruinkop Visvanger.

R. 833. Scl. Ill, p. 86.

410. Halcyon albiventris orientalis Ptrs. 1868. Lesser Brown-hooded

Kingfisher. Kleine Bruinkop Visvanger.

R. 833a. Scl. III. p. 89. (Halcyon orientalis.)

411. Halcyon swainsoni A. Sm. 1834. Grey-hooded Kingfisher. Grijskop

Visvanger.

R. 835. Scl. Ill, p. 85.

412. Halcyon senegaloides A. Sm. 1834. Mangrove Kingfisher. Vlei

Visvanger.

R. 836. Scl. Ill, p. 92.

413. Halcyon cyanoleucus Vieill. 1826. Angola Kingfisher. Angola

Visvanger.

R. 842. Scl. Ill, p. 91.

Ispidina Kaup. 1848.

414. Ispidina natalensis (A. Sm.). 1831. Natal Kingfisher. Natal Vis-

vanger.

R. 845. Scl. Ill, p. 83.

Corythornis Kaup. 1848.

415. Corythornis cyanostigma (Rfipp). Malachite Crested Kingfisher.

Kleine Visvanger.

R. 849. Scl. Ill, p. 81.

Alcedo Linn. 1758.

416. Alcedo semitor^uata Sw. 1823. Half -collared Kingfisher. Blauwe

Visvanger.

R. 851. Scl. Ill, p. 78.

Ceryle Boie. 1828.

417. Ceryle rudis (Linn.). 1758. Pied Kingfisher. Bonte Visvanger.

R. 854. Scl. Ill, p. 73.

418. Ceryle maxima (Pall.). 1769. Giant Kingfisher. Grote Vis-

vanger.

R. 855. Scl. Ill, p. 76.

MEKOPIDAE.

Melittophagus Boie. 1828.

419. Melittophagus meridionalis Sharpe. 1892. Little Bee-Eater. Kleine

Bijenvreter.

R. 861. Scl. Ill, p. 67.

108

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

420. Melittophagus bullockoides (A. Sm.). 1834. White-fronted Bee-

Eater. Roodkeel Bijenvreter.

R 866. Scl. Ill, p. 70.

Dicrocercus Cab. and Heine . 1863.

421. Dicrocercus hirundineus (Licht.). 1793. Swallow-tailed Bee- eater

Zwaluwstaart Bijenvreter.

R 869. Scl. Ill, p. 65.

Aerops Reichb. 1852.

422. Aerops bohmi (Rchw.). 1882. Boehms Bee-eater. Boehms Bijen-

vreter.

R 873. Scl. Ill, p. 61. (Merops boehmi.)

Merops Linn. 1758.

423. Merops apiaster Linn. 1760. European Bee-eater. Gewone Bijen

vreter.

R 874. Scl. Ill, p. 57.

424. Mevops persicus Pallas. 1773. Blue-cheeked Bee-eater. Blauwwang

Bijenvreter.

R 875. Scl. Ill, p. 59.

425. Merops nubicoides Besm and Puch. 1846. Carmine-breasted Bee-

eater. Roodborst Bijenvreter.

R 880. Scl. Ill, p. 62.

UPUPIDAE.

Upupa Linn. 1758.

426. Upupa africana Bchst. 1811. African Hoopoe. Afrikaanse Hop.

R 886. Scl. Ill, p. 10.

Irrisor Less. 1831.

427. Irrisor erythrorynchos (Lath.). 1790. Wood Hoopoe. Kakelaar.

R 887. Scl. Ill, p. 14. (Irrisor viridis.)

428. Irrisor erythrorynchos viridis (Licht.). 1793. Short-tailed Hoopoe.

Kortstaart Kakelaar.

R 887 a. Scl. Ill, p. 14. (Irrisor viridis.)

Rhinopomastus [Smith] Jardine.

429. Rhinopomastus cyanomelas (Vieill.). 1819. Scimitar-billed Wood

Hoopoe. Sabelbek Kakelaar.

R 893. Scl. Ill, p. 17.

CAPRIMULGIDAE.

Caprimulgus Linn. 1758.

430. Caprimulgus euro paeus Linn. 1758. European Nightjar. Europese

Nachtzwaluw of Geitenmelker.

R 896. Scl. Ill, p. 32.

Annals of the Transvial Museum.

109

431. Caprimulgus fervidus Sharpe. 1875. Fiery-necked Nightjar. Eosnek

Nachtzwaluw of Geitenmelker.

R. 897. Scl. Ill, p. 36.

432. Caprimulgus pectoralis Cuv. 1817. South African Nightjar. Zuid-

afrikaanse Nachtzwaluw of Geitenmelker.

R. 899. Scl. 'Ill, p. 37.

433. Caprimulgus rufigena A. Sm. 1845. Eufous-cheeked Nightjar.

Eoswang Nachtzwaluw of Geitenmelker.

R. 900. Scl. Ill, p. 34.

434. Caprimulgus trimaculatus (Swains.). Freckled Nightjar. Gemarmerde

Nachtzwaluw of Geitenmelker.

R. 902. Scl. Ill, p. 38.

435. Caprimulgus fossei [Verr.]. Hartl. 1857. Mozambique Nightjar.

Mozambique Nachtzwaluw of Geitenmelker.

R. 912. Scl. Ill, p. 39.

436. Caprimulgus natalensis A. Sm. 1845. Natal Nightjar. Natal Nacht-

zwaluw of Geitenmelker.

R. 913. Scl. Ill, p. 41.

Macrodipteryx Sw. 1837.

437. Macrodipteryx vexillarius (J. Gd.). Standard-wing Nightjar. Lang-

vleugel Nachtzwaluw of Geitenmelker.

R„ 916. Scl. Ill, p. 42. (Cosmetornis vexillarius.)

MACE OPTEE Y GID AE .

Apus Scop. 1777.

438. Apus melba africanus (Temm.). 1815. White-bellied Swift. Witpens

Gierzwaluw.

R. 917a. Scl. Ill, p. 21. (Cypselus africanus.)

439. Apus apus (Linn.). 1758. European Swift. Europese Gierzwaluw.

R. 918. Scl. Ill, p. 23. (Cypselus apus.)

*440. Apus apus kalaharicus Rchw. 1908. Kalahari Swift. Kalahari
Gierzwaluw.

441. Apus barbatus ([Temm.] Scl.). 1865. Black Swift. Zwarte Gier-

zwaluw.

R. S25. Scl. Ill, p. 25. (Cypselus barbatus.)

442. Apus caffer. (Lcht.). 1823. African White-rumped Swift. Afri-

kaanse Witrug Gierzwaluw.

R. 925. Scl. Ill, p. 25. (Cypselus caffer.)

443. Apus affinus (Gr. Hardw.). 1832. Indian Swift. Indies© Gier-

zwaluw.

R. 928. Scl, III, p. 27. (Cypselus affinus.)

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

1 10

Tachornis Gosse. 1847.

444. Tachornis parvus brachypterus Rchw. 1874. Palm Swift. Palm

Gierzwaluw.

R. 929 b. Scl. Ill, p. 28. (Tachornis parva.)

Chaetura . Steffi. 1825.

445. Chaetura stictilaema (Rchw.). 1879. Spinetail Swift. Pijlstaart

Gierzwaluw.

R. 930. Scl. Ill, p. 30.

*446. Chaetura bohmi Schal. 1882. Bohm’s Spinetail Swift. Bohm’s
Pijlstaart Gierzwaluw.

R. 933.

PITTIDAE.

Pitta Vieill. 1816.

447. Pitta longipennis Rchw. 1901. Long-winged Pitta. Langvleugel

Pitta.

R. 937. Scl. II, p. 310. (Pitta angolensis.)

HIRUNDINIDAE.

Rif aria Vorst. 1817.

448. Riparia riparia (Linn.). 1758. European Sandmartin. Oeverzwaluw.

R. 939. Scl. II, p. 282. (Cotyle cincta.)

449. Riparia cincta (Bodd.). 1783. Banded Sandmartin. Gebande

Oeverzwaluw.

R. 942. Scl. II, p. 284. (Cotyle riparia.)

450. Riparia paludicola (Vieill.). 1817. South African Sandmartin.

Zuidafrikaanse Oeverzwaluw. %

R. 943. Scl. II, p. 283. (Cotyle paludicola.)

451. Riparia fuligula (Lcht.). 1844. Rockmartin. Rots Oeverzwaluw.

R. 948. Scl. II, p. 286. (Ptyonoprogne fuligula.)

452. Riparia fuligula anderssoni (Sharpe and Wyatt). 1887. Damara

Rockmartin. Damara Rots Oeverzwaluw.

R. 948a. Scl. II, p. 288. (Ptyonoprogne andersoni.)

Hirundo Linn. 1758.

453. Hirundo griseopyga Sund. 1850. Grey-rumped Swallow. Grijsrug

Zwaluw.

R. 950. Scl. II, p. 297.

454. Hirundo dimidiata Sund. 1850. Pearl-breasted Swallow. Parel-

zwaluw.

R. 951. Scl. II, p. 293.

455. Hirundo albigularis Strickl. 1849. White- throated Swallow. Witkeel

Zwaluw.

R. 954. Scl. II, p. 292.

456. Hirundo rustica Linn. 1758. European Swallow, Boeren Zwaluw.

R. 956. Scl, II, p. 289,

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

Ill

457. Hirundo smithi Leach. 1818. Wire-tailed Swallow. Draadstaart

Zwaluw.

R. 959. Sol. II, p. 295.

458. Hirundo cucullata Bodd. 1783. Larger Stripe-breasted Swallow.

Grote Streepborst Zwaluw.

R. 960. Scl. II, p. 298.

459. Hirundo puella Temm. Schh 1842. Smaller Stripe-breasted Swallow.

Kleine Streepborst Zwaluw.

R. 961. Scl. II, p. 300.

460. Hirundo monteiri Hartl. 1862. West Coast Swallow. Westkust

Zwaluw.

R. 963. Scl. II, p. 302.

461. Hirundo semirufa Sund. 1850. Red-breasted Swallow. Roodborst

Zwaluw.

R. 964. Scl. II, p. 301.

462. Hirundo atrocaerulea Sund. 1850. Blue Swallow. Blauwe Zwaluw.

R. 972. Scl. II, p. 294.

Petrochelidon Cab. 1850.

463. Petrochelidon spilodera Sund. 1850. South African Cliff Swallow

Krans Zwaluw.

R. 974. Scl. II, p. 304.

Psalidoprocne Cab. 1850.

464. Psalidoprocne holomelaena (Sund.). Rough-winged Swallow. Kam-

vleugel Zwaluw.

R. 979. Scl. II, p. 307.

465. Psalidoprocne petiti orientalis Rchw. 1889. Eastern Rough-winged

Swallow. Oostelike Kamvleugel Zwaluw.

R. 982a. Scl. II, p. 309. (Psalidoprocne orientalis.)

Belichon Moote. 1854.

466. Belichon urbica (Linn.). 1758. House Martin. Huis Zwaluw.

R. 987. Scl. II, p. 278. (Chelidon urbica.)

+

MUSCICAPIDAE.

Bradornis Smith. 1847.

467. Bradornis infuscatus (A. Sm.). 1839. Brown Flycatcher. Bruine

Vliegevanger.

R. 988. Scl. II, p. 237.

488. Bradornis pallidus murinus Fisch and Hartl. 1870. Mouse-coloured
Flycatcher. Muiskleur Vliegevanger.

R. 989. Scl. II, p. 239. (Bradornis murinus.)

*489. Bradornis griseus Rchw. 1882. Reichenow’s Flycatcher. Reiche-
now’s Vliegevanger,

R, 990,

112

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

470. Bradornis mariquensis (A. Sm.). 1847. Mariqua Flycatcher.

Marikwa Vliegevanger.

R. 991. Scl. II, p. 238.

Sheppardia Haagn. 1909.

*471. Sheppardia gunning! Haagner. 1909. Yellow-breasted Flycatcher.

Geelborst Vliegevanger.

Melaenornis G.R.Gr. 1840.

472. Melaenornis ater (Sund.). 1850. Black Flycatcher. Zwarte Vliege-
vanger.

R. 998. Scl. II, p. 234. (Bradornis ater.)

*473. Melaenornis ater tropicalis (Cab.). Tropic Black Flycatcher.

R. 998a.

Sigelus Cab. 1850.

474. Sigelus silens (Shaw). 1809. Fiskal Flycatcher. Bonte Vliege-

vanger.

R. 999. Scl. II, p. 219. (Tarsiger silens.)

Muscicapa Briss. 1760.

475. Muscicapa grisola L. 1766. Spotted Flycatcher. Grauwe Vliege-

vanger.

R. 1008. Scl. II, p. 240.

Alseonax Cab. 1850.

476. Alseonax caerulescens (Haiti.). 1865. Blue-grey Flycatcher. Blauw-

grijze Vliegevanger.

R. 1015. Scl. II, p. 241. (Muscicapa caerulescens.)

477. Alseonax adustus (Boie.). 1828. Dusky Flycatcher. Grijze Vliege-

vanger.

R. 1018. Scl. II, p. 243.

*478. Alseonax subadustus Shelley. 1897. Shelley’s Grey Flycatcher.
Shelley’s Grijze Vliegevanger.

R. 1020.

Cryptolopha Sw. 1837.

479. Cryptolopha ruhcapilla (Sund.). 1850. Yellow- throated Flycatcher.

Geelkeel Vliegevanger.

R. 1030. Scl. II, p. 119.

Chloropeta A. Sm'. 1847.

480. Chloropeta natalensis A. Sm. 1847. Natal Yellow Flycatcher. Natal

Gele Vliegevanger.

R. 1031. Scl. II, p. 245.

Bias Less. 1831.

481. Bias musicus (Vieill.). 1818. Black and White Flycatcher. Bonte

Vliegevanger.

R. 1037, Scl, II, p. 251,

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

118

Smithornis Bonap. 1850.

482. Smithornis capensis (A. Sm.). 1839. Cape Broadbill. Breedbek

Vliegevanger.

R. 1038. Scl. II, p. 248.

Hyliola Sw. 1827.

483. Hyliota australis Shell. 1882. Mashona Flycatcher. Mashona

Vliegevanger.

R. 1043. Scl. II, p. 247.

*484. Hyliota rhodesiae Haagner. 1910. Khodesia Flycatcher. Bhodesia
Vliegevanger.

434a. Hyliota barbozae. Barboza’s Flycatcher* Barboza’s Vliegevanger.

R. 1040a.

Lanioturdus Waterh. 1838.

485. Lanioturdus torquatus Waterh. 1868. White-tailed Flycatcher.

Witstaart Vliegevanger.

R. 1044. Scl II, p. 45.

Batis Boie. 1833.

486. Batis capensis (L.). 1766. Cape Flycatcher. Kaapse Vliege-

vanger.

R. 1045. Scl. II, p. 254. (Pachyprora capensis.)

487. Batis fratrum (Shell.). 1900. St. Lucia Flycatcher. St. Lucia

Vliegevanger.

R. 1048.

488. Batis molitor (Hahn and Kust). 1822. White-flanked Flycatcher.

Witzij Vliegevanger.

R. 1052. Scl. II, p. 255. (Pachyprora molitor.)

*489. Batis sheppardi Haagner. 1909. Orange-breasted Flycatcher.
Oranjeborst Vliegevanger.

*490. Batis puella soror Rchw. 1903. Reichenow’s Flycatcher. Reiche-
now’s Vliegevanger.

R. 1053a.

491. Batis pririt (Vieiil.). 1818. Pririt Flycatcher. Pririt Vliegevanger.
R. 1056. Scl. II, p. 257. (Pachyprora pririt.)

*492. Batis erythropthalma Swyn. 1907. Red-eyed Flycatcher. Roodoog
Vliegevanger.

Bull. B.O.C. No. CXXXV, June, 1907.

Platysteira Jard and Selby. 1829.

493. Platysteira peltata Sund. 1850. Wattle-eyed Flycatcher. Lei
Vliegevanger.

R. 1057. Scl. II, p. 252,

Ill

Annals of the Tkansvaal Museum.

Stenostira Cab. Bonap. 1850.

494. Stenostira' scita (Vieill.). 1818. Fairy Flycatcher, Dwerg Vliege-

vanger.

R. 1066. Scl. II, p. 122. (Apalis scita.)

Erythrocerus Hartl, 1857.

495. Erythrocercus livingstonei (Finsch and Hartl.). 1870. Livingstone’s

Flycatcher. Livingstone’s Vliegevanger.

R. 1069. Scl. II, p. 258.

Trochocercus Cab. 1850.

496. Trochocercus cyanomelas (Vieill.). 1818. Blue-mantled Flycatcher.

Blauwrug Vliegevanger.

R. 1073. Scl. II, p. 259.

*497. Trochocercus megalolophus Swyn. 1907. Swynnerton’s Flycatcher.
Swynnerton’s Vliegevanger.

[Bull. B.O.C. No. CXXXV, June, 1907.]

*498. Trochocercus albonotatus Sharpe. 1891. Sharpe’s Flycatcher.
Sharpe’s Vliegevanger.

R 1075. (Ibis, January, 1907.)

Tchitrea Less. 1831.

499. Tchitrea perspicillata (Sw.). 1837. Paradise Flycatcher. Paradijs

Vliegevanger.

R. 1085. Scl. II, p. 261. (Terpsiphone perspicillata.)

*500. Tchitrea plumbeiceps (Rehw.). 1898. Lead-headed Flycatcher.
Grijskop Vliegevanger.

R. 1086.

CAMPEPHAGIDAE.

Coracina Vieill. 1816.

501. Coracina caesia (Lieht.). 1823. Grey Cuckoo-shrike. Grijze Koekoek-

klauwier.

R. 1092. Scl. II, p. 275. (Graucal^s caesius.)

502. Coracina pectoralis (Jard and Selby). 1828. White-bellied Cuckoo-

shrike. Witpens Koekoek-klauwier.

R. 1095. Scl. II, p. 274. (Graucalus pectoralis.)

Campephaga Vieill. 1816.

503. Campephaga nigra Vieill. 1817. Black Cuckoo-shrike. Zwarte.

Koekoek-klauwier.

R. 1097. Scl. II, p. 269.

504. Campephaga hartlaubi (Salvad.). 1873. Yellow-shouldered Cuckoo-

shrike. Geelvlek Koekoek-klauwier,

R, 1100, Scl. II, p. 272,

Aotals of the Tkansvaal Museum,

115

LANXIDAE.

Eurocephalus A. Sm. 1836.

505. Eurocephalus anguitimens A. Sm. 1836. Smith’s Wood-shrike.

Bosklauwier.

R. 1105. Scl. n, p. 13.

Prionops Vieill. 1816.

506. Prionops talacoma A. Sm. 1836. South African Helmet Shrike.

Helmkla owlet.

R. 1107. Scl. II, p. 51.

Sigmodus [ Temm .] Bonap. 1850.

507. Sigmodus retzii (Wahlb.). 1856. Black Helmet Shrike. Zwarte

Helmklauwier.

R. 1115. Sol. II. p. 48.

508. Sigmodus retzii tricolor (G. R. Gray). 1864. Zambesi Helmet Shrike.

Zambesi Helmklauwier.

R. 1115c. Scl. ll, p. 50. Sigmodus tricolor.

*509. Sigmodus scopifrons Ptrs. 1854. Chesnut-fronted Helmet Shrike.
Boodkop Helmklauwier.

R. 1116.

Nilaus Sw . 1827.

510. Nilaus brubru (Lath.). 1802. Brubru Bushshrike. Kleine Bos-

klauwier.

R. 1120. Scl. II, p. 16.

511. Nilaus nigritemporalis Rchw. 1892. Black-browed Brubru Shrike.

Zwartoog Bosklauwier.

R. 1122. Scl. II, p. 17.

Pomatorhynchus Boie.

512. Pomatorhynchus tschagra (Vieill.). 1816. Tschagra Bush Shrike.

Tschagra Bosklauwier.

R. 1124. Scl. II, p. 21. (Telephonus tschagra.)

513. Pomatorhynchus australis (Smith). 1836. Three-streaked Bush

Shrike. Kleine Boodvleugel Bosklauwier.

R. 1126. Scl. II, p. 22. (Telephonus australis.)

514. Pomatorhynchus australis congener Rchw. 1902. Eastern Three-

streaked Bush Shrike. Oostelike Kleine Boodvleugel Bos-
klauwier.

R. 1126?;. Scl. II, p. 23. (Telephonus minor.)

515. Pomatorhynchus senegalus (Linn.). 1766. Black-crowned Bush

Shrike. Zwartkop Bosklauwier.

R. 1127. Scl. II, p. 19. (Telephonus senegalensis. )

*516. Pomatorhynchus anchietae Boc. 1870. Anchieta’s Bush Shrike.
Anchieta’s Bosklauwier.

R. 1133. (Ibis, January, 1907.)

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

116

Nicator Finsch. Hartl. 1870.

517. Nicator gularis, Finch and Hartl. 1870. Yellow-spotted Bush

Shrike. Geelvlek Bosklauwier.

R. 1135. Scl. II, p. 43.

Chlorophoneus Cab. 1850.

518. Chlorophoneus rubiginosus (Sund.). 1850. Buddy-breasted Bush

Shrike. Boodborst Bosklauwier.

R. 1139. Scl. II, p. 37. (Laniarius rubiginosus.)

519. Chlorophoneus maraisi (W. L. Scl.). 1901. Knysna Bush Shrike.

Knysna Bosklauwier.

R. 1139a. Scl. II, p. 39. (Laniarius maraisi.)

*520. Chlorophoneus bertrandi (Shell.). 1894. Bertrand’s Bush Shrike.
Bertrand’s Bosklauwier.

R. 1140. (Ibis, January, 1907.)

521. Chlorophoneus olivaceus (Shaw). 1809. Olive Bush Shrike. Olijf-
kleurige Bosklauwier.

R. 1141. Scl. II, p. 38. (Laniarius olivaceus.)

*522. Chlorophoneus abbotti (Richm.). 1897. Abbott’s Bush Shrike.
Abbott’s Bosklauwier.

R. 1143.

523. Chlorophoneus sulphureo pectus similis (A. Sm.). 1836. Yellow-

fronted Bush Shrike. Geelborst Bosklauwier.

R. 11456. Scl. II, p. 40. (Laniarius sulphureipectus. )

524. Chlorophoneus quadricolor (Cass). 1851. Four-coloured Bush Shrike.

Yier-kleurige Bosklauwier.

R. 1151. Scl. II, p. 35. (Laniarius quadricolor.)

Pelicinius Boie. 1826.

525. Pelicinius zeylonus (Linn.). 1766. Bakbakiri Bush Shrike. Bakbakiri

Bosklauwier.

R. 1153. Scl. II, p. 33. (Laniarius gutturalis.)

Laniarius Vieill. 1816.

526. Laniarius major (Hartl.). 1848. Large Puff-back Shrike. Grote

Grijze Fiskaal.

R. 1165. Scl. II, p. 28. (Dryoscopus guttatus.)

527c Laniarius rufiventris (Sw.). 1837. Bufous-bellied Puff-back Shrike.
Grote Bosklauwier.

R. 1166. Scl. II, p. 27. (Dryoscopus f errugineus. )

*528. Laniarius rufiventris hybridus Neum. 1899. Northern Bufous-bellied
Puff-back Shrike. Noordelike Bosklauwier.

R. 1166a.

529. Laniarius atrococcineus (Burch.). 1822. Crimson-breasted Bush
Shrike. Boodborst Fiskaal.

R. 1173. Scl. II, p. 31,

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

117

Dryoscopus Boie. 1826.

530. Dryoscopus cubla (Shaw). 1809. Lesser Puff-back Shrike. Kanarie-

bijter.

R. 1178. Scl. II, p. 25.

Malaconotus Sw. 1827.

531. Malaconotus olivaceus starki (W. L. Scl.). 1901. Southern Grey-

headed Bush Shrike. Spookvogel.

R. 11876. Scl. II, p. 41. (Laniarius starki.)

Lanins Linn. 1758.

532. Lanins collaris L. 1766. Fiscal Shrike. Laksman.

R. 1191. Scl. II, p. 6.

533. Lanins subcoronatus A. Sm. 1841. Coronetted Shrike. Gekroonde

Fiskaal.

R. 1193. Scl. II, p. 9.

534. Lanins minor Gm. 1788. Lesser Grey Shrike. Grijze Fiskaal.

R. 120.2. Scl. II, p. 9.

535. Lanins collurio Linn. 1758. Red-backed Shrike. Grauwe Klauwier.

R. 1213. Scl. II, p. 11.

Urolestes Cab. 1850.

536. Urolestes melanolencns (Jard. and Selby). 1831. Long-tailed Bush

Shrike. Langstaart Klauwier.

R. 1217. Scl. II, p. 3.

CORVIDAE.

Corvus L. 1758.

537. Corvus scapulatus Baud. 1800. Pied Crow. Bonte Kraai.

R. 1223. Scl. I, p. 12.

Heterocorax Sharpe. 1877.

538. Heterocorax capensis (Lcht.). 1823. African Rook. Zwarte Kraai.

R. 1224. Scl. I, p. 14. (Corvus capensis.)

Corvultur Less. 1831.

539. Corvultur albieollis (Lath.). 1790. White-necked Raven. Withals

Kraai.

‘ R. 1226. Scl. I, p. 10.

DICRURIDAE.

Dicrurus Vieill. 1817.

540. Dicrurus aier (A. Lcht.). 1793. Fork- tailed Drongo. Bijvanger.

R. 1232. Scl. II, p. 265.

541. Dicrurus ludwigi A. Sm. 1839. Square-tailed Drongo. Kleine

Bijvanger.

R. 1236. Scl. II, p. 267.

118 Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

OBI OLID AE.

Oriolus Linn. 1766.

542. Oriolus oriolus (L.). 1758. Golden Oriole. Wielewaal.

R. 1238. Scl. I, p. 48. (Oriolus galbula.)

543. Oriolus notatus Ptrs. 1868. Anderson’s Oriole. Anderson’s Wiele-

waal.

R. 1240. Scl. I, p. 50.

544. Oriolus larvatus Lcht. 1823. Black-headed Oriole. Zwartkop

Wielewaal.

R. 1243. Scl. I, p. 51.

*545. Oriolus larvatus rolieti Salvad. Lesser Black -headed Oriole. Kleine
Wielewaal.

R. 1243a.

STURNIDAE.

Buphagus Briss. 1760.

546. Buphagus africanus L. 1766. Yellow-hilled Oxpecker. * Geelbek

Bhenostervogel.

R. 1248. Scl. I, p. 17.

547. Buphagus erythrorhynchus (Stank). 1814. Bed-billed Oxpecker.

Boodbek Bhenostervogel.

R. 1249. Scl. I, p. 20.

Creatophora Less. 1847.

548. Creatophora carunculatus (Gm.). Wattled Starling. Lelspreeuw.

R. 1250. Scl. I, p. 23. (Dilophus carunculatus.)

Spreo Less. 1831.

549. Spreo bicolor (Gm,). 1788. Pied Starling. Witgat Spreeuw.

R. 1251. Scl. I, p. 30.

Cinnyricinclus Less. 1840.

550. Cinnyricinclus verreauxi ([Boc.] Finch and Harth). Plum-coloured

Starling. Purpur Spreeuw.

R. 1259. Scl. I, p. 44. (Pholidauges leucogaster verreauxi.)

Lamprocolius Bund. 1836.

551. Lamprocolius melanogaster (Sw.). 1838. Black-bellied Glossy

Starling. Zwartpens Glansspreeuw.

R. 1262. Scl. I, p. 42.

552. Lamprocolius phoenicopterus (Sw.). 1838, Red-shouldered Glossy

Starling. Groene Glansspreeuw.

R. 1265. Scl. I, p. 38.

553. Lamprocolius phoenicopterus bispecularis (Strickl.). 1852. Lesser

Bed-shouldered Glossy Starling. Kleine Groene Glansspreeuw.

R. 1265a. Scl. I, p. 39.

554. Lamprocolius chalybeus sycobius ([Ptrs.] Hartl.). 1859. Peters’

Glossy Starling. Peters’ Glansspreeuw.

R. 1266a. Scl. I, p. 41. (Lamprocolius sycobius.)

Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 119

555. Lamprocolius clialybeus chloropterus (Sw.). 1838. Green-winged

Glossy Starling. Groenvlengel Glansspreeuw.

R. 12666. Scl. I, p. 40. (Lamprocolius chloropterus. )

Heteropsar Sharpe. 1890.

556. Heteropsar acutieaudus (Boc.). 1870. Sharp-tailed Glossy Starling.

Pijlstaart Glansspreeuw.

R. 1274. Scl. I, p. 37. (Lamprocolius acutieaudus.)

Amydrus Cab. 1851.

557. Amydrus caffer (Linn.). 1758. Pale-wing Starling. Kleine Rooivlerk

Spreeuw.

R. 1275. Scl. I, p. 28.

558. Amydrus morio (L.). 1766. Redwing Starling. Rooivlerk Spreeuw.

R. 1279. Scl. I, p. 26.

Lamprotornis Temm. 1820.

559. Lamprotornis australis (A. Sm.). 1836. Burchell’s Glossy Starling.

Burchell’s Glansspreeuw.

R. 1290. Scl. I, p. 35. (Lamprocolius australis.)

560. Lamprotornis mevesi (Wahlb.). 1857. Meve’s Glossy Starling.

Meve’s Glansspreeuw.

R. 1294. Scl. I, p. 32.

561. Lamprotornis purpureus Boc. 1867. Purple Long-tailed Starling.

Langstaart Glansspreeuw.

R. 1295. Scl. I, p. 33.

PLOCEIDAE.

Textor Temm. 1828.

562. Textor niger (A, Sm.). 1836. Buffalo Weaver. Zwarte Wever.

R. 1299. Scl. I, p. 78.

Plocepasser A. Sm. 1836.

563. Plocepasser mahali A. Sm, 1836. White-browed Weaver Bird. Vale

Wever.

R. 1303. Scl. I, p. 83.

564. Plocepasser pectoralis (Ptrs.). 1868. Stripe-chested Weaver. Streep-

borst Wever.

R. 1305. Scl. I, p. 85.

565. Plocepasser rufoscapulatus Butt. 1888. Red-backed Weaver. Rood-

rug Wever.

R. 1309. Scl. I, p. 85.

Sporopipes Cab. 1847.

566. Sporopipes squamifrons (A. Sm.). 1836. Scaly-feathered Weaver.

Baardmannetje.

R. 1310. Scl. I, p. 86.

120 Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

*567. Sporo pipes squamifrons damarensis Rchw. Damara Scaly-featliered
Weaver. Damara Baardmannetje.

R. 1310a.

Anaplectes Reichb. 1863.

568. Anaplectes rabriceps (Bund.). 1850. Bed-headed Weaver. Boodkop

Wever.

R. 1320. Scl. I, p. 74.

569. Anaplectes gurneyi (Shell.). 1887. Gurney’s Weaver. Gurney’s

Wever.

R. 1321. Scl. I, p. 76.

Sharpia Boc. 1878.

570. Sharpia angolensis Boc. 1878. Sharpe’s Weaver. Sharpe’s Wever.

R. 1324. Scl. I, p. 77. (Anaplectes angolensis.)

Ploceus Cuv. 1817.

571. Ploceus bicolor Vieill. 1823. Forest Weaver. Bosmusikant.

R. 1327. Scl I, p. 72. (Sycobrotus bicolor.)

572. Ploceus stictifrons (Fschr. and Rchw.). 1858. Spotted-headed Weaver

Vlekkop Wever.

R. 1328. Scl. I, p. 73. (Sycobrotus stictifrons.)

573. Ploceus ocularius A. Sm. 1828. Bottle-nest Weaver. Wever.

R. 1347. Scl. I, p. 66. (Sitagra ocularia.)

*574. Ploceus ocularius crocatus (Hartl.). 1881. Northern Bottle-nest
Weaver.

R. 1347a.

575. Ploceus nigriceps (Lay.). 1867. Black-headed Weaver. Zwartkop

Wever.

R. 1361. Scl. I, p. 56. (Hyphantornis nigriceps.)

576. Ploceus spilonotus Vig. 1831. Spotted-back Weaver. 'Bontrug

Wever.

R. 1362. Scl. I, p. 60. (Hyphantornis spilonotus.)

577. Ploceus cabanisi (Ptrs.). 1868. Cabanis’ Weaver. Cabanis’ Wever.

R. 1374. Scl. I, p. 57. (Hyphantornis cabanisi.)

578. Ploceus velatus Vieill. 1819. Masked Weaver. Hangnest Wever.

R. 1380. Scl. I, p. 58. (Hyphantornis velatus.)

579. Ploceus auricapillus Sw. 1838. Lesser Masked Weaver. Kleine

Hangnest Wever.

R. 1381. Scl. I, p. 62. (Hyphantornis shelleyi.)

580. Ploceus capensis L. 1766. Cape Weaver. Kaapse Wever.

R. 1388. Scl. I, p. 69. (Sitagra capensis.)

581. Ploceus capensis olivaceus (Hahn). 1822. Olive Weaver. Olijf-

kleurige Wever.

R. 1388a. Scl. I, p. 70. (Sitagra capensis caffra.)

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

121

582. Ploceus xanthops jamesoni Sharpe. 1890. Jameson’s Weaver.

Jameson’s Wever.

R. 1389a. Scl. I, p. 65. (Hyphantornis jamesoni.)

583. Ploceus subaureus A. Sm. 1832. Yellow Weaver. Kanarie Wever.

R. 1390. Scl. I, p. 63. (Hyphantornis subaureus.)

*584. Ploceus castaneigula (Cab.). 1884. Large Yellow-winged Weaver.

Grote Geelvleugel Wever.

R. 1394.

585. Ploceus xanthopterus (Finch and Hartl.). 1870. Yellow-winged
Weaver. Geelvleugel Wever.

R. 1395. Scl. I, p. 68. (Sitagra xanthoptera. )

*586. Ploceus trothae Rchw, 1905. Damara Weaver. Damara Wever.
Amblyospiza Sund. 1850.

587. Amblyospiza albifrons (Vig.). 1831. Thick-billed Weaver. Dikbek
Wever.

R. 1400. Scl. I, p. 80.

SPERMESTINAE.

Pyrenestes Sw. 1837.

*588. Pyrenestes granti Sharpe. 1908. Grant’s Weaver Finch. Grant’s
Wcvervink.

Quelea Rchb. 1850.

589. Quelea sanguinirostris lathami (A. Sm.). 1836. Southern Pink-billed
Weaver. Quelea Wever.

R. 1409&. Scl. I, p. 122. (Quelea quelea.)

*590. Quelea erythrops (Hartl.). 1848. Red-headed Quelea. Roodkop
Quelea.

R. 1410.

591. Quelea cardinalis (Hartl.). 1880. Cardinal Weaver. Kardinaal

Wever.

R. 1411. (Scl. Check List : Annals, South African Museum, Vol. 3,

Part 8; July, 1905.)

Pyromelana Bp. 1831.

592. Pyromelana taha (A. Sm.). 1836. Golden Bishop Bird. Geele

KafEervink.

R. 1413. Scl. I, p. 128.

593. Pyromelana flammiceps (Sw.). Red-crowned Bishop Bird. Roodkop

KafEervink.

R. 1421. Scl. (Check List : Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill,
p. 8, 1905.)

594. Pyromelana orix (L.). 1758. Red Bishop Bird, Roode KafEervink.

R. 1422. Scl. I, p. 126.

6

12 %

Antals of vile Transvaal Museum.

Euplectes. 1837.

595. Euplectes capensis (L.). 1766. Cape Bishop Bird. Kaapse Kaffer-

vink.

R. 1427. Scl. I, p. 130. (Pyromelana capensis.)

596. Euplectes capensis approximans (Cab.). 1851. Lesser Cape Bishop

Bird. Kleine Kaapse Kaffervink.

R. 1427a. Scl. I, p. 132. (Pyromelana capensis minor.)

597. Euplectes xanthomelas Rupp. 1835. Black-thighed Bishop Bird.

Zwartdij Kaffervink.

R. 1428. Scl. I, p. 133. (Pyromelana capensis xanthomelana. )

UrobracJiya Bp. 1850.

598. Urobrachya axillaris (A. Sm.). 1838. Red-shouldered Widowbird.

Roodschouder Flap.

R. 1429. Scl. I, p. 134.

599. Urobrachya bocagei Sharpe. 1871. Yellow-shouldered Widowbird.

Geelschouder Flap.

R. 1431. Scl. I, p. 136.

Coliuspasser Rilpp. 1835.

600. Coliuspasser ardens (Bodd.). 1783. Red-collared Widowbird.

Halsband weeuwtje.

R, 1433. Scl. I, p. 142.

*601. Coliuspasser macroura (Gm.). 1788. Yellow-backed Widowbird.

Geelrug Wevervogel.

R. 1437.

602. Coliuspasser albonotatus (Cass). 1848. White-winged Widowbird.

Witvlerk Weeuwtje.

R. 1438. Scl. I, p. 138.

Diatropura Oberh. 1899.

603. Diatropura procne (Bodd.). 1783. Long-tailed Widowbird. Flap.

R. 1444. Scl. I, p. 139. (Coliopasser progne.)

Amadina Sw. 1827.

604. Amadina fasciata (Gm.). 1788. Cut-throat Weaver Finch. Roodkeei

Wevervink.

R. 1445. Scl. (Check List : South African Museum Annals, Vol. Ill,

p. 8, 1905.)

605. Amadina erythrocephala (L.). Red-headed Weaver Finch. Roodkop

Wevervink.

R. 1446. Scl. I, p. 118.

Spermestes Sw. 1837.

606. Spermestes scutata Heugl. 1856. Hooded Weaver Finch. Zwartkop

Wevervink.

R. 1448. Scl. I, p. 112.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

123

607. Spermestes nigriceps Cass. 1852. Chesnut-backed Weaver Finch.

Roodrug Wevervink.

R. 1451. Scl. I, p. 113.

Amauresthes Rchb. 1861.

608. Amauresthes fringilloides (Lafr.). 1835. Pied Weaver Finch, Bonte

Wevervink.

R. 1453. Scl. I, p. 111. (Spermestes fringilloides.)

Hypargos Rchb. 1863.

609. Hypargos niveoguttatus (Ptrs.). 1868. Peters’ Buddy Waxbill.

Peters’ Fazantje.

R. 1455. ScL I, p. 95. (Lagonoticta niveiguttata. )

610. Hypargos margaritatus (Strickl.). 1844. Verreaux’ Ruddy Waxbill.

Margarite Fazantje.

R. 1456. Scl. I, p. 96. (Lagonosticta margaritata. )

611. Hypargos nitidulus (Hartl.). 1865. Hartlaub’s Bed-faced Waxbill.

Hartlaub’s Fazantje.

R. 1459. Scl. I, p. 91. (Pytelia nitidnla.)

Pytilia Sw. 1837.

*612. Pytilia afra. Gm. 1788. Bed-faced Finch. Roodwang Fazantje.

R. 1464.

613. Pytilia melba (L.). 1758. Melba Finch. Melba Fazantje.

R. 1465. Scl. I, p. 89.

Estrildci Sw. 1827.

614, Estrilda astrild (L.). 1758. Common Waxbill. Boodebekje.

R. 1488. Scl. I, p. 98.

*615. Estrilda astrild cavendishi Sharpe. 1900. Mozambique Waxbill.
Mozambique Boodebekje.

R. 14886.

*616. Estrilda astrild damarensis Rchw. 1902. Damara Waxbill. Damara
Boodebekje.

R. 1488c.

617. Estrilda subflava (Vieill.). 1819. Orange-breasted Waxbill. Rood-

aasie.

R. 1497. Scl. I, p. 105.

618. Estrilda erythronotos (Vieill.). 1817. Black-cheeked Waxbill. Zwart-

wang Fazantje.

R. 1501. Scl. I, p. 100.

619. Estrilda incana Sund. 1850. South African Grey Waxbill. Grijze

Fazantje.

R. 1508. Scl. I, p. 101.

Lagonosticta Cab. 1851.

620. Lagonosticta nitidula Hartl. 1886. Hartlaub’s Buddy Waxbill.

Hartlaub’s Fazantje.

R. 1512. Scl. y^heck List : Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill, p. 8,
1905.)

124

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

621. Lagonosticta brunneiceps Sharpe. 1890. Little Ruddy Waxbill.

Kleine Fazantje.

R. 1514. Scl. I, p. 94.

622. Lagonosticta rubricata (Lcht.). 1.823. South African Ruddy Waxbill.

Zuidafrikaanse Rood Fazantje.

R. 1516. Scl. I, p. 92.

623. Lagonosticta jamesoni Shell. 1872. Jameson’s Ruddy Waxbill.

Jameson’s Fazantje.

R. 1520. Scl. I, p. 93.

Ortygospiza Sund. 1850.

624. Ortygospiza polyzona (Temm.). 1823. Quail Finch. Pijpertje.

R. 1524. Sel. I, p. 109.

Neisna Bp. 1850.

625. Neisna kilimensis (Sharpe). 1890. East African Swee Waxbill.

Oostelike Swie Fazantje.

R. 1526.

626. Neisna dufresnei (Vieill.). Swee Waxbill. Swie Fazantje.

R. 1527. Scl. I, p. 107. (Estrildadufresni.)

Uraeginthus Cab. 1851.

627. Uraeginthus angolensis (L.). 1851. Blue-breasted Waxbill. Blaauw

Fazantje.

R. 1529a. Scl. I, p. 102. (Estrilda angolensis.)

628. Uraeginthus angolensis damarensis Rchw. 1904. Damara blue-

breasted Waxbill. Damara Blauw Fazantje.

R. 1529&.

629. Uraeginthus granatinus (L.). 1766. Violet-eared Waxbill. Koning

Blauwsijsje.

R. 1531. Scl. I, p. 104. (Estrilda granatina.)

Hypochera Bp. 1850.

630. Hypochera amauropteryx Sharpe. 1890. Steel-coloured Widow

Finch. Rouwfazantje.

R. 1535. Scl. I, p. 154. (Hypochera funerea amauroptera. )

631. Hypochera funerea (Tarrag.). 1847. Black Widow Finch. Zwarte

Rouwfazantje.

R. 1536. Scl. I, p. 153.

632. Hypochera nigerimma Sharpe. 1871. Purple Widow Finch. Purpur

Rouwfazantje.

R. 1537. Scl. I, p. 154. (Hypochera funerea nigerrimma.)

Vidua Cuv. 1800.

633. Vidua serena (L.). 1766. Pin-tailed Widowbird. Koning

Roodebek.

R. 1539. Scl. I, p. 145. (Vidua principalis. )

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

1.25

Tetraenura Rchb. 1863.

634. Tetraenura regia (L.). 1766. Shaft-tailed Widowbird. Pijlstaart

Weeuwtje.

R. 1540. Scl. I, p. 148. (Vidua regia.)

Steganura Rchb. 1850.

635. Steganura paradisea (L.). 1758. Paradise Widowbird. Paradijs

Weeuwtje.

R. 1542. Scl. I, p. 149. (Vidua paradisea.)

FRINGILLIDAE.

Passer Briss. 1760.

636. Passer griseus (Vieill.). 1817. Grey-headed Sparrow. Grijskop

Mossie.

R. 1545. Scl. I, p. 163. (Passer diffusus.)

637. Passer melanurus (St. Mull.). 1776. Cape Sparrow. Kaapse

Mossie.

R. 1547. Scl. I, p. 160. (Passer arcuatus.)

*638. Passer melanurus damarensis Rchw. 1902. Damara Sparrow.

Damara Mossie.

R. 1547a.

639. Passer motitensis A. Sm. 1848. Greater South African Sparrow.

Grote Mossie.

R. 1554. Scl. I, p. 162.

Philetairus A. Sm. 1837.

640. Philetairus socius (Lath.). 1790. Sociable Finch. Gezellige Wever.

R. 1558. Scl. I, p. 115.

Petronia Kaup. 1829.

641. Petronia superciliaris ([Hay Blythe].) 1845. Diamond Sparrow.

Geelvlek Mossie.

R. 1560. Scl. I, p. 157. (Petronia petronella.)

Alario Bp. 1850.

642. Alario alario (L.). 1766. Mountain Canary. Zwartkopje of Berg-

kanarie.

R. 1563. Scl. I, p. 179.

643. Alario alario leucolaema Sharpe. White-browed Mountain Canary.

Witoog Zwartkopje.

R. 1563a (p. 247).

Poliospiza [ Schiff .] Bp. 1850.

644. Poliospiza albogularis (A. Sm.). 1833. White-throated Seed-eater.

Witkeel Sijsje.

R. 1567. Scl. I, p. 174. (Serinus albigularis.)

645. Poliospiza leucoptera (Sharpe). 1871. White-winged Seed-eater.

Witvleugel Sijsje.

R. 1568, Scl. I, p. 177. (Serinus leucopterus. )

126

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

846. Poliospiza crocopygia Sharpe. 1871. Damara Seed-eater. Damara
Sijsje.

R. 1569. Scl. I, p. 176. (Serinus crocopygius. )

647. Poliospiza angolensis (Gm.). 1788. Black-throated Seed-eater. Berg

Sijsje.

R. 1570. Scl. I, p. 178. (Serinus angolensis.)

648. Poliospiza gularis (A. Sm.). 1836. Streaky-headed Seed-eater. Streep-

kop Sijsje.

R. 1581. Scl. I, p. 165.

*649. Poliospiza mennelli E. C. Chubb. 1908. Rhodesian Streaky-headed
Seed-eater. Rhodesia Streepkop Sijsje.

*650. Poliospiza reichardi Rchw. 1882. Lesser Streaky -headed Seed-eater.
Kleine Streepkop Sijsje.

R. 1584.

Serinus Koch. 1816.

651. Serinus scotops (Sund.). 1850. Streaky-breasted Seed-eater. Streep-

borst Sijsje.

R. 1587. Scl. I, p. 177.

652. Serinus canicollis (Sw.). 1838. Cape Canary. Kaapse Kanarie.

R. 1588. Scl. I, p. 168.

653. Serinus sulphuratus (L.). 1766. Bully Seed-eater. Dubbele Geel-

sijsje.

R. 1591. Scl. I, p. 169.

654. Serinus sharpei Neum. 1900. Sharp’s Seed-eater. Sharp’s Geelsijsje.

R. 1593.

655. Serinus flaviventris (Sw.). 1828. Yellow-bellied Seed-eater. Geel-

sijsje.

R. 1594. Scl. I, p. 170.

656. Serinus marshalli (Shelley). 1902. Golden Seed-eater. Kleine

Geelsijsje.

R. 1595. Scl. (Check List : Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill,
p. 8, 1905.)

657. Serinus icterus (Vieill.). 1817. Icterine Seed-eater. Groen Sijsje.

R. 1598. Scl. I, p. 173.

Spinus Koch. 1816.

658. Spinus totta (Sparrm.). 1786. South African Siskin. Zuidafrikaanse

sijsje.

R. 1603. Scl. I, p. 182. (Chrysomitris totta.)

Heliospiza Gunning. 1907.

*659. Heliospiza noomei Gg. 1907. Brown Seed-eater. Bruine Sijsje..

(Journal S.A.O.U., Ill, p. 208.)

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

127

Anomalos'piza Shelley. 1901.

660. Anomalospiza imberbis (Cab.). 1868. Kendall’s Seed-eater. Ken-

dall’s Sijsje.

R. 1604. Scl. I, p. 172. (Serinus imberbis rendalli. )

Ember iza Briss. 1760.

661. Emberiza major (Cab.). 1880. Large Bunting. Grote Gors.

R. 1615. Scl. I, p. 186. (Emberiza major orientals.)

662. Emberiza fiaviventris Steph. 1815. Golden-breasted Bunting.

Goudborst Gors.

R. 1616. Scl. I, p. 184.

Fringillaria Sw. 1837.

663. Fringillaria capensis (L.). 1766. Cape Bunting. Kaapse Gors.

R. 1619. Scl. I, p. 187.

664. Fringillaria capensis media Sharpe. 1904. Lesser Cape Bunting.

Kleine Kaapse Gors.

R. 1619a. (Scl. Check List : Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill,

p. 8.)

665. Fringillaria reidi Shell. 1902. Natal Bunting. Natal Gors.

* R. 1620. (Scl. Check List : Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill,

p. 8.)

666. Fringillaria tahapisi A. Sm. 1836. Kock Bunting. Kots Gors.

R. 1621. Scl. I, p. 189.

667. Fringillaria impetuani (A. Sm.). 1836. Lark Bunting. Leeuwerik

Gors.

R. 1627. Scl. I, p. 190.

MOTACILLIDAE.

Motacilla L. 1758.

668. Motacilla capensis L. 1766. Cape Wagtail. Kwikstaartje.

R. 1629. Scl. I, p. 259.

669. Motacilla vidua Sund. 1850. African Pied Wagtail. Bonte Kwik-

staartje.

R. 1630. Scl. I, p. 255.

670. Motacilla vaillanti Cab. 1850. Vaillant’s Wagtail. Vaillant’s Kwik-

staartje.

R. 1631.

Budytes Guv. 1817.

671. Budytes flavus (L.). 1758. Blue-beaded Wagtail. Blauwkop Kwik-

staartje.

R. 1636. Scl. I, p. 261. (Motacilla flava.)

672. Budytes melanocephalus (Licht.). 1823. Black-headed Wagtail.

Zwartkop Kwikstaartje.

R. 1639. Scl. I, p. 263. (Motacilla melanocephala.)

128

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

673. Budytes campestris (Pall.). 1776. Yellow Wagtail. Geele Kwik-

staartje.

R. 1641. Scl. I, p. 260.

Anthus Bechst. 1807.

674. Anthus chloris Licht. 1842. Yellow-breasted Pipit. Geelborst

Pieper.

R. 1642. Scl. I, p. 243.

675. Anthus lineiventris Sund. 1850. Stripe-bellied Pipit. Streepbuik

Pieper.

R. 1643. Scl. I, p. 245.

676. Anthus crenatus Finch. Hartl. 1870. Large Yellow-tufted Pipit.

Grote Geel Pieper.

R. 1644. Scl. I, p. 245.

677. Anthus trivialis (L.). 1758. Tree Pipit. Boom Pieper.

R. 1647. Scl. I, p. 247.

678. Anthus brachyurus Sund. 1850. Short-tailed Pipit. Kort-staart

Pieper.

R. 1648. Scl. I, p. 248.

679. Anthus caffer (Sund.). 1850. Larger Short-tailed Pipit. Grote

Kortstaart Pieper.

R. 1649.

680. Anthus rufulus cinnamomeus Rupp. 1835. Tawny Pipit. Vale

Pieper.

R. 1652. Scl. I, p. 251. (Anthus rufulus.)

681. Anthus nicholsoni Sharpe. 1884. Nicholson’s Pipit. Nicholson’s

Pieper.

R. 1654. Scl. I, p. 249.

682. Anthus leucophrys Vieill. 1818. Plain-backed Pipit. Bruinrug

Pieper.

R. 1655. Scl. I, p. 250. (Anthus pyrrhonotus. )

Tmetothylacus Cab. 1879.

*683. Tmetothylacus tenellus (Cab.). 1878. Golden Pipit. Goud Pieper.

R. 1665. (Journal S.A.O.U., June, 1906.)

Macronyx Sw. 1827.

684. Macronyx capensis (L.). 1766. Cape Longclaw. Kalkoentje.

R. 1658. Scl. I, p. 238.

685. Macronyx croceus (Vieill.). 1816. Yellow-throated Longclaw. Geel-

borst Kalkoentje.

R. 1659. Scl. I, p. 239.

686. Macronyx ameliae Tarrag. 1845, Pink-breasted Longclaw. Roos-

kleurige Kalkoentje.

R. 1663. Scl. I, p. 240.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

120

ALAUDIDAE.

Mirafra. Horsf. 1820.

687. Mirafra nivosa (Sw.). 1837. Karroo Lark. Karroo Leeuwerik.

R. 1666. Scl. I, p. 230. (Alaemon nivosa.)

688. Mirafra naevia (Strickl.). 1852. Dark-lined Lark. Gestreepte

Leeuwerik.

R. 1668. Scl. I, p. 209.

689. Mirafra sabota A. Sm. 1836. Sabota Lark. Sabota Leeuwerik.

R. 1669. Scl. I, p. 208.

690. Mirafra africanoides A. Sm. 1836. Fawn-coloured Lark. Yale

Leeuwerik.

R. 1671. Scl. I, p. 210.

691. Mirafra chiniana A. Sm. 1843. Latakoe Lark. Latakoe Leeuwerik.

R. 1675. Scl. I, p. 215.

692. Mirafra fringillaris Sund. 1850. Finchlike Lark. Vink Leeuwerik.

R. 1676. Scl. I, p. 214.

693. Mirafra damarensis Sharpe. 1874. Damara Lark. Damara

Leeuwerik.

R. 1677. Scl. I, p. 211.

694. Mirafra apiata (Vieill.). 1816. Bar-tailed Lark. Streepstaart

Leeuwerik.

R. 1680. Scl. I, p. 217.

695. Mirafra fischeri (Rchw.). 1877. Fisher’s Lark. Fisher’s Leeuwerik.

R. 1681. Scl. I, p. 216.

696. Mirafra rufipilea (Vieill.). 1816. Bufous Lark. Koode Leeuwerik.

R. 1683. Scl. I, p. 218.

697. Mirafra africana A. Sm. 1836. Bufous-naped Lark. Boodnek

Leeuwerik.

R. 1686. Scl. I, p. 212.

Heteronyx Claude Grant . 1908.

*698. Heteronyx ruddi C. Grant. 1908. Budd‘s Lark. Budd’s Leeuwerik.
(Bull. B.O.C., CXLIV, June, 1908.)

Pinarocorys Shell. 1902.

699. Pinarocorys nigricans (Sund.). 1850. Dusky Lark. Donkere

Leeuwerik.

R. 1691. Scl. I, p. 207. (Mirafra nigricans.)

Heterocorys Sharpe. 1874.

700. Heterocorys breviunguis (Sund.). 1850. Short-clawed Lark. Kort-

nagel Leeuwerik.

R. 1692. Scl. I, p. 227.

130

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

Certhilauda Sw. 1837.

701. Certhilauda semitorquata A. Sm. 1836. Grey-collared Lark. Hals-

band Leeuwerik.

R. 1694. Scl. I, p. 228. (Alaemon semitorquata.)

702. Certhilauda capensis (Bodd.). 1783. Cape Long-billed Lark. Langbek

Leeuwerik.

R. 1696. Scl. I,p. 233.

703. Certhilauda albofasciata Lair. 1836. Rufous Long-billed Lark.

Rosse Langbek Leeuwerik. *

R. 1697. Scl. I, p. 234. (Certhilauda rufula.)

704. Certhilauda albofasciata arenaria Rchw. 1904. Namaqua Long-

billed Lark. Namaqua Langbek Leeuwerik.

R. 1697a.

*705. Certhilauda albofasciata erikssoni Hart. 1907. Erikson’s Long-
billed Lark. Erikson’s Langbek Leeuwerik.

(Bull. B.O.C., CXXXIV, May, 1907.)

Ammomanes Cab. 1851.

706. Ammomanes grayi (Wahlb.). 1855. Gray’s Lark. Gray’s Leeuwerik.

R. 1698. Scl. I, p. 198.

707. Ammomanes erythrochlamys (Strickl.). 1852. Red-backed Lark.

Roodrug Leeuwerik.

R. 1702. Scl. I, p. 199.

708. Ammomanes ferruginea (A. Sm.). 1839. Ferrugineous Lark. Rosse

Leeuwerik.

R. 1703. Scl. I, p. 200.

Galerida Boie. 1828.

709. Galerida crassirostris (Vieill.). 1816. Thick-billed Lark. Dubbele

Leeuwerik.

R. 1707. Scl. I, p. 202. (Calendula crassirostris.)

Botha Shell. 1902.

710. Botha difficilis Shell. 1902. Botha’s Lark. Botha’s Leeuwerik.

R. 1709. (Scl. Check List : Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill,

p. 8.)

Pyrrhulauda A. Sm. 1839.

711. Pyrrhulauda australis (A. Sm.). 1836. Black-faced Lark. Halsband

Leeuwerik.

R. 1710. Scl. I, p. 194.

712. Pyrrhulauda leucotis smithi. Bp. 1850. White-cheeked Lark.

Witwang Leeuwerik.

R. 1711a. Scl. I, p. 196. (Pyrrhulauda smithi.)

713. Pyrrhulauda verticalis (A. Sm.). 1836. Grey -backed Lark, Grijsrug

Leeuwerik.

R. 1714, Scl, I, p. 195,

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

131

Calandrella Kaup. 1829.

714. Calandrella conirostris (Bund.). 1850. Pink-billed Lark. Koodbek

Leeuwerik.

R. 1724. Scl. I, p. 220. (Spizocorys conirostris.)

715. Calandrella starki Shell. 1902. Stark’s Lark. Stark’s Leeuwerik.

R. 1725. (Scl. Check List : South African Museum Annals, Vol. Ill,

p. 8.)

716. Calandrella sclateri Shell. 1902. Sclater’s Lark. Sclater’s Leeuwerik.

R. 1726. (Scl. Check List : South African Museum Annals, Vol. Ill,

p. 8.)

717. Calandrella cinerea (Gm.). 1788. Red- capped Lark. Kuif Leeuwerik.

R. 1729. Scl. I, p. 222. (Tephrocorys cinerea.)

PYCNONOTIDAE.

Phyllastrephus Sw. 1831.

*718. Phyllastrephus milanjensis (Shell.). 1894. Nyassa Bulbul. Nyassa
Bulbul.

R. 1753.

719. Phyllastrephus flaviventris (A. Sm.). 1834. Yellow-bellied Bulbul.

Geelbuik Bulbul.

R. 1758. Scl. II, p. 68. (Chlorocichla flaviventris.)

720. Phyllastrephus flaviventris occidentalis (Sharpe). 1881. Damara

Yellow-bellied Bulbul. Damara Geelbuik Bulbul.

R. 1758&. Scl. II, p. 69. (Chlorocichla occidentalis.)

721. Phyllastrephus flavostriatus (Sharpe). 1876. Yellow-streaked Bulbul.

Geelgestreepte Bulbul.

R. 1761. Scl. II, p. 73. (Phyllastrephus flavistriatus. )

722. Phyllastrephus debilis (W. Scl.). 1899. Slender Bulbul. Kleine

Bulbul.

R. 1763. Scl. II, p. 66. (Andropadus debilis.)

*723. Phyllastrephus cerviniventris Shell. 1894. Grey-bellied Bulbul

Grijzbuik Bulbul.

R. 1770.

724. Phyllastrephus capensis Sw. 1837. Cape Bristle-necked Bulbul.

Kaapse Bulbul.

R. 1773. Scl. II, p. 71.

*725. Phyllastrephus capensis suahelicus (Rchw.). 1879. Swahali Bristle-
necked Bulbul. Swahili Bulbul.

R. 1773a.

726. Phyllastrephus strepitans (Rchw.). 1879. Reichenow’s Bristle-necked
Bulbul. Reichenow’s Bulbul.

R. 1774. Scl. II, p. 72.

132

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

Andropadus Sw. 1831.

727. Andropadus importunus (Vieill.). 1818. Sombre Bulbul. Donkere

Bulbul.

R. 1775. Scl. II, p. 65.

728. Andropadus insularis Hartl. 1861. Peters’ Bulbul. Peters’ Bulbul.

R. 1778. Scl. II, p. 70. (Chlorocichla oleagina.)

Pycnonotus Kuhl. ( Boie .) 1827.

729. Pycnonotus capensis (L.). 1766. Cape Bulbul. Kuifkop of Geelgat.

R. 1790. Scl. II, p. 61.

730. Pycnonotus capensis nigricans (Vieill.). 1818. Red-eyed Bulbul.

Zwartkop Kuifkop.

R. 1793. Scl. II, p. 64.

731. Pycnonotus barbatus tricolor (Hartl.). 1861. Damara Bulbul.

Damara Kuifkop.

R. 1791. Scl. II, p. 62.

732. Pycnonotus barbatus layardi Gurn. 1879. Black-cap Bulbul. Toppie.

R. 1794. Scl. II, p. 63.

ZOSTEROPIDAE.

Zosterops Vig. Horsf. 1826.

733. Zosterops anderssoni Shell. 1892. Andersson’s White-eye. Anders-

son’s Glasoogje.

R. 1797. Scl. I, p. 300.

734. Zosterops virens Sund. 1850. Green White-eye. Groene Glasoogje.

R. 1801. Scl. I, p. 301.

735. Zosterops sundevalli Hartl. 1865. Sundevall’s White-eye. Sunde-

vall’s Glasoogje.

R. 1813. Scl. I, p. 302. (Zosterops pallida.)

736. Zosterops deserticula Rchw. 1904. Namaqua White-eye. Namaqua

Glasoogje.

R. 1814.

737. Zosterops annulosa (Sw.). 1823. Cape White-eye. Kaapse Glas-

oogje.

R. 1817. Scl. I, p. 302. (Zosterops capensis.)

738. Zosterops atmorei Sharpe. 1875. Pale White-eye. Lichte Glasoogje.

R. 1818.

NECTARINIIDAE.

Anthreptes Sw. 1837.

739. Anthreptes collaris (Vieill.). 1819. Little Collared Sunbird. Kleine

Halsband Suikerbekje.

R, 1833. Scl. I, p, 297. (Anthothreptes collaris.)

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

133

740. Anthreptes collaris hypodilus (Jardine). 1851. Zambezi Collared
Sunbird. Zambezi Suikerbekje.

R. 1833a. Scl. I, p. 298. (Anthothreptes collaris hypodilus.)

*741. Anthreptes reichenowi. Gg. 1909. Bine- throated Sunbird. Blauw-
keel Suikerbekje.

(Annals of the Transvaal Museum, January, 1909.)

*742. Anthreptes longuemarei nyassae Neum. 1906. Plum-coloured Sun-
bird. Blauw Suikerbekje.

Chalcomitra Rchb. 1853.

743. Chalcomitra olivacea (A. Sm.). 1839. Olive-coloured Sunbird.

Olijfkleurig Suikerbekje.

R. 1838. Scl. I, p. 292. (Cinnyris olivaceus.)

*744. Chalcomitra olivacea daviesi (Haagner). Pondo Olive Sunbird.
Pondo Suikerbekje.

(Bull. B.O.C., October, 1907.)

*745. Chalcomitra olivacina (Ptrs.). 1881. Little Olive Sunbird. Kleine
Olijkleurige Suikerbekje.

R. 1839.

746. Chalcomitra fusca (Vieill.). 1819. White-vented Sunbird. Witpens

Suikerbekje.

R. 1842. Scl. I, p. 290. (Cinnyris fuscus.)

747. Chalcomitra verreauxi (A. Sm.). 1831. Mouse-coloured Sunbird.

Muiskleurige Suikerbekje.

R. 1844. Scl. I, p. 291. (Cinnyris verreauxi.)

748. Chalcomitra verreauxi fischeri (Rchw.). 1880. Fisher’s Mouse-

coloured Sunbird. Fisher’s Suikerbekje.

R. 1844a.

749. Chalcomitra amethystina (Shaw). 1811. Black Sunbird. Zwarte

Suikerbekje.

R. 1852. Scl. I, p. 287. (Cinnyris amethystinus. )

750. Chalcomitra kirki (Shell.). 1876. Kirk’s Sunbird. Kirk’s Suiker-

bekje.

R. 1855. Scl. I, p. 289. (Cinnyris kirki.)

751. Chalcomitra gutturalis (L.). 1766. Scarlet-breasted Sunbird. Rood-

borst Suikerbekje.

R. 1864. Scl. I, p. 286. (Cinnyris gutturalis.)

752. Chalcomitra gutturalis saturatior (Rchw.). 1891. Western Scarlet-

breasted Sunbird. Westelike Roodborst Suikerbekje.

R. 1864a.

Cinnyris Cuv. 1817.

753. Cinnyris leucoga‘ster Vieill. 1819. White-breasted Sunbird. Witborst

Suikerbekje.

R. 1869. Scl. I, p. 281.

i34

Annals Ob' tse Transvaal Museum.

*754. Cinnyris venustus niassae Rchw. 1899. Niassa Yellow-bellied
Sunbird. Niassa Suikerbekje.

R. 18726. (Bull. B.O.C., CXXIX, December, 1906.)

755. Cinnyris cupreus (Shaw). 1811. Copper Sunbird. Koper Suiker-

bekje.

R. 1873. Scl. (Check List : Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill,

p. 8.)

756. Cinnyris mariquensis A. Sm. 1836. Southern Bifasciated Sunbird.

Dubbele Halsband Suikerbekje.

R. 1876. Scl. I, p. 279.

*757. Cinnyris mariquensis microrhynchus Shell. 1876. Little Bifasciated
Sunbird. Kleine Dubbele Halsband Suikerbekje.

R. 1876/.

758. Cinnyris shelleyi Alex. 1899. Shelley’s Sunbird. Shelley’s Suiker-

bekje.

R. 1878. (Scl. Cheek List : Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill,

p. 8.)

759. Cinnyris afer (L.). 1766. Greater Double-collared Sunbird. Grote

Dubbelband Suikerbekje.

R. 1886. Scl. I, p. 282.

760. Cinnyris ludovicensis (Boc.). 1868. Northern Double-collared Sun-

bird. Noordelik Dubbelband Suikerbekje.

R. 1888. Scl. I, p. 284.

761. Cinnyris chalybaeus (L.). 1766. Lesser Double-collared Sunbird.

Kleine Dubbelband Suikerbekje.

R. 1889. Scl. I, p. 284.

*762. Cinnyris neergaardi Claude Grant. 1908. Neergaard’s Sunbird.
Neergaard’s Suikerbekje.

(Bull. B.O.C., CXLIII, May, 1908.)

763. Cinnyris subalaris Rchw. 1899. Reichenow’s Sunbird. Reichenow’s

Suikerbekje.

R. 1893.

Nectarinia III. 1811.

764. Nectarinia violacea (L.). 1766. Orange-breasted Sunbird. Oranje-

borst Suikerbekje.

R. 1902. Scl. I, p. 293. (Anthobaphes violacea.)

765. Nectarinia iamosa (L.). 1766. Malachite Sunbird. Jan Groentje.

R. 1903. Scl. I, p. 276.

*766. Nectarinia arturi P. L. Scl. 1906. Melsetter Sunbird. Melsetter
Suikerbekje.

(Bull. B.O.C., CXXIX, December, 1906.)

Promerops Briss. 1760.

767, Promerops cafer (L.). 1758. Cape Long-tailell Sugarbird. Lang-

staart Suikervogel.

R. 1910. Scl. I, p. 269.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 135

768. Promerops gurneyi Verr. 1871. Natal Long-tailed Sugarbird. Natal

Langstaart Zuikervogel.

R. 1911. Scl. I, p. 273.

CERTHIIDAE.

Salpornis G. R. Gr. 1847.

769. Salpornis salvadorii (Boc.). 1878. Spotted Creeper. Gevlekte

Boomkruiper.

R. 1912. Scl. I, p. 266. (Salpornis spilonotus salvadori.)

PARIIDAE.

Rarus L. 1758.

770. Pams niger Vieill. 1818. Black Tit. Zwarte Mees.

R. 1915. Scl. I, p. 307.

771. Pams xanthostomus Shell. 1892. Zambezi Black Tit. Zambezi

Zwarte Mees.

R. 1916. Scl. I, p. 308. (Parus niger xanthostomus.)

772. Pams rufiventris Boc. 1877. Red-bellied Tit. Roodbuik Mees.

R. 1919. (Scl. Check List : Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill, p. 8.)

723. Parus pailidiventris Rchw. Fawn-bellied Tit. Bruinbuik Mees.

R. 1920. Scl. I, p. 307.

*774. Parus pailidiventris rovumae Shell. 1885. Pale-bellied Tit. Bleek
bnik Mees.

R. 1920a.

775. Pams afer Gm, 1788. Grey Tit. Grijze Mees.

R. 1923. Scl. I, p. 305.

*776. Pams afer damarensis Rchw. 1902. Damara Grey Tit. Damara
Grijze Mees.

R. 1923a.

Parisoma Sic. 1831.

777. Parisoma subcaeruleum (Vieill.). 1817. Titbabbler. Roodgat Mees.
R. 1926. Scl. II, p. 75.

*778. Parisoma subcaeruleum cinerascens Rchw. 1902. Damara Tit-
babbler. Damara Roodgat Mees.

R. 1926a.

779. Parisoma layardi Hartl. 1862. Layard’s Titbabbler. Layard’s Mees.

R. 1928. Scl. II, p. 76.

780. Parisoma plumbeum (Hartl.). 1858. Hartlaub’s Titbabbler. Hart-

laub’s Mees.

R. 1929. Scl. II, p. 77.

Anthoscopus Cab. 1850.

781. Anthoscopus caroli Sharpe. #1871. Andersson’s Penduline Tit.

Andersson’s Kapokvogel.

R. 1937. Scl. I, p. 312. (Aegithalus caroli.);

136

Annals of the Transva al Museum.

*782. Anthoscopus robertsi Haagn. Boror Penduline Tit. Boror Kapok-
vogel.

(Annals Transvaal Museum, August, 1909.)

783. Anthoscopus minutus (Shaw and Nod.). 1812. Cape Penduline Tit.

Kapokvogel.

R. 1939. Scl. I, p. 310. (Aegithalus capensis.)

SYLVIIDAE.

Sphenoeacus StricJcl. 1841.

784. Sphenoeacus afer (Gml.). 1788. Cape Grass Bird. Grasvogel.

R. 1948. Scl. II, p. 167. (Sphenoeacus africanus.)

785. Sphenoeacus intermedius Shell. 1882. Eastern Province Grass Bird.

Oostelike Grasvogel.

R. 1949. Scl. II, p. 168.

786. Sphenoeacus natalensis Shell. 1882. Natal Grass Bird. Natal

Grasvogel.

R. 1950. Scl. II, p. 168.

*787. Sphenoeacus transvaalensis C. Grant. Transvaal Grass Bird. Trans-
vaal Grasvogel.

(Bull. B.O.C., CXLIII, May, 1908.)

Melocichla Hartl. 1857.

*788. Melocichla mentalis orientalis (Sharpe). 1883. Rufous-fronted

Thrush- Warbler. Roodborst Rietzanger.

R. 1951a. (Ibis, July, 1908, p. 441.)

Cisticola Kaup. 1829.

789. Cisticola subruficapilla (A. Sm.). 1843. Grey-backed Grass- warbler.
Grijsrug Rietzanger.

R. 1955. Scl. II, p. 151.

*789a. Cisticola rufilata, Hartl. Rufous Grass - warbler. Roode
Rietzanger.

*790. Cisticola strangei (Fras.). 1843. Grey-headed Grass- warbler. Grijs-
kop Rietzanger.

R. 1958.

791. Cisticola chiniana (A. Sm.). 1843. Smith’s Warbler. Smith’s Riet-
zanger.

R. 1960. (Scl. Check List : Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill, p. 8.)

*792. Cisticola chiniana magna Gould. Southern Smith’s Warbler.

(See Annals Transvaal Museum, August, 1909.)

793. Cisticola natalensis (A. Sm.). 1843. Natal Grass -warbler. Natal

Rietzanger.

R. 1967. Scl. II, p. 155.

794. Cisticola tinniens (Xcht.). 1842. .Levaillant’s Grass- warbler. Levail-

lant’s Rietzanger.

R. 1970. Scl. I, p. 147.

137

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

795„ Cisticola lugubris Riipp. 1835. Buff-fronted Grass-warbler.
Riippel’s Bietzanger.

R. 1971. Scl. II, p. 153.

796. Cisticola cisticola uropygialis (Fras.). 1843. Rufous-rumped Grass-

warbler. Kleine Rietzanger.

R. 1976. Scl. II, p. 150. (Cisticola cursitans.)

797. Cisticola terrestris (A. Sm.). 1849. Wren Grass-warbler. Grond

Rietzanger.

R„ 1977. Scl. II, p. 149.

*798. Cisticola lavendulae Grant Reid, 1901. Pale Wren Grass-warbler.
Lichte Grond Rietzanger.

R. 1980.

*799. Cisticola sylvia Rchw. 1904. Sylvia Grass-warbler. Sylvia Riet-
zanger.

R. 1990.

800. Cisticola semitorques (Heugl.). 1862. Grey Grass-warbler. Grijze

Rietzanger.

R. 1991. Scl. II, p. 144. (Cisticola cinerascens. )

801. Cisticola iulvicapilla (Vieill.). 1817. Tawny-headed Grass-warbler.

Bruinkop Rietzanger.

R. 1995. Scl. II, p. 141.

*802. Cisticola cinnamomeiceps Haagn. 1909. Cinnamon-crowned Grass-
warbler. Bruinkop Rietzanger.

(Annals Transvaal Museum, January, 1909.)

803. Cisticola ruficapilla (A, Sm.). 1842. Red-headed Grass-warbler.

Roskop Rietzanger.

R. 1993 and 1996. Scl. II, p. 143. (Cisticola aberrans. )

804. Cisticola rufa (Fras.). 1843. Tawny-backed Grass- warbler. Fraser’s

Rietzanger.

R, 2000. Scl. II, p. 145.

805. Cisticola erythrops (Hartl.). 1857. Rufous-fronted Grass-warbler.

Hartlaub’s Rietzanger.

R. 2002. Scl. II, p. 145.

Heliolais Sharpe. 1903.

*806. Heliolais erythroptera (Jard.). 1849. Red-winged Grass- warbler.
Rooivlerk Rietzanger.

R. 2004. (Bull. B.O.C., CXLIII, May, 1908.)

*807. Heliolais kirbyi Haagn. 1909. Boror Redwing Grass-warbler.
Boror Rooivlerk Rietzanger.

(Annals Transvaal Museum, August, 1909.)

Hemipteryx Sw. 1837.

808. Hemipteryx textrix (Vieill.). 1802. Tink-tink Grass-warbler. Tink-
tinkil.

R. 2003. Scl. II, p. 146. (Cisticola textrix.)

7

138 Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

*809. Hemipteryx minuta Gunning. 1909. Little Pinc-pinc Warbler.
Kleine Pink-pinkje.

(Annals Transvaal Museum, January, 1909.)

Euryptila Sharpe. 1883.

810. Euryptila subcinnamomea (A. Sm.). 1827. Cinnamon-breasted

Warbler. Kaneelkleurige Rietzanger.

R. 2007. Scl. II, p. 97.

Calamonastes Sharpe. 1883.

811. Calamonastes fasciolatus (A. Sm.). 1847. Barred Wren Warbler.

Gebande Rietzanger.

R. 2008. Scl. II, p. 129.

*812. Calamonastes stierlingi Rchw. 1901. Stierling’s Barred Wren Warbler.
Stierling’s Gebande Rietzanger.

R. 2009.

Calamocichla Sharpe. 1883.

813. Calamocichla cunenensis Hart. 1903. Cunene Warbler. Cunene
Rietzanger.

R. 2017.

*814. Calamocichla zuluensis Neum. 1908. Zulu Warbler. Zulu Riet-
zanger.

(Bull. B.O.C., CXLIII, May, 1908.)

Schoenicola Blythe. 1844.

815. Schoenicola apicalis (Cab.). 1850. Fantailed Reed- warbler. Paauw-

staart Rietzanger.

R. 2019. Scl. II, p. 104.

Bradypterus Sw. 1837.

816. Bradypterus brachypterus (Vieill.). 1817. Stripe-throated Reed-

warbler. Streepkeel Rietzanger.

R. 2020. Scl. II, p. 99.

817. Bradypterus sylvaticus Sund. 1857. Knysna Reed-warbler. Knysna

Rietzanger.

R. 2022. Scl. II, p. 101.

*818. Bradypterus pondoensis Haagner. 1909. Pondo Reed- warbler.
Pondo Rietzanger.

(Journal S.A.O.U., September, 1909.)

819. Bradypterus babaeculus (Vieill.). 1827. Reed-warbler. Smattertje.

R. 2025. Scl. II, p. 109. (Bradypterus barratti.)

820. Bradypterus victorini Sund. 1858. Victories Warbler. Victories

Rietzanger.

R. 2029. Scl. II, p. 95. (Phlexis victorini.)

Lusciniola Gray. 1841.

821. Lusciniola gracilirostris (Hartl.). 1846. Babbling Reed-warbler.

Dunbek Rietzanger.

R. 2032. Scl. II, p. 102. (Bradypterus babaecula.)

139

Annals of the Transvial Museum.

Locustella Kaup. 1829.

822. Locustella fluviatilis (Wolf.). 1810. River Grasshopper-warbler.

Sprinkhaan Rietzanger.

R. 2033. Scl. II, p. 94.

Acrocephalus Naum. 1811.

823. Acrocephalus arundinaceus (L.). 1758. Great Reed-warbler. Grote

Rietzanger.

R. 2034. Scl. II, p. 88.

824. Acrocephalus palustris (Bechst.). 1802. Marsh Warbler. Moras

Rietzanger.

R. 2037. Scl. II, p. 90.

825. Acrocephalus baeticatus (Vieill.). 1817. African Reed-warbler.

Afrikaanse Rietzanger.

R. 2038. Scl. II, p. 91.

826. Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (Linn.). 1788. Sedge Warbler. Kleine

Rietzanger.

R. 2039. Scl. II, p. 93.

Prinia Horsf. 1821.

827. Prinia mystacea Rupp. 1835. Tawny-fLanked Wren Warbler. Klein

Jantje.

R. 2040. Scl. II, p. 135.

828. Prinia flavicans Vieill. 1820. Black-chested Wren Warbler. Zwart-

borst Klein Jantje.

R. 2042. Scl. II, p. 136.

829. Prinia maculosa Bodd. 1783. Cape Wren Warbler. Kaapse Klein

Jantje.

R. 2043. Scl. II, p. 133.

830. Prinia substriata (A. Sm.). 1842. White-breasted Wren Warbler

Witborst Klein Jantje.

R. 2044. Scl. II, p. 131.

831. Prinia hypoxantha (Sharpe). 1876. Saffron-breasted Wren Warbler.

Geelborst Klein Jantje.

R. 2045. Scl. II, p. 132..

Apalis Sw. 1833.

832. Apalis ocularia (A. Sm.). 1843. Rufous-eared Wren Warbler. Rood-

oor Klein Jantje.

R. 2058. Scl. II, p. 138. (Spiloptila ocularia.)

833. Apalis ocularia malopensis (Sharpe). 1903. Malapo Wren Warbler.

Malapo Klein Jantje.

R. 2058a. (Scl. Check List : Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill, p. 8.)

*834. Apalis chirindensis Shell. 1906. Chirinda Wren Warbler. Chirinda
Klein Jantje.

(Bull. B.O.C., CXXVI, June, 1906.)

140

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

*835. Apalis ruddi Claude Grant. 1908. Rudd’s Wren Warbler. Rudd’s

Klein Jantje.

836. Apalis thoracica (Shaw and Nod.). 1811. Bar-throated Wren Warbler.

Streepkeel Klein Jantje.

R. 2071. Scl. II, p. 121.

837. Apalis florisuga (Lcht.). Rchw. 1898. Yellow-breasted Bush-

warbler. Bloemloopertje.

R. 2080. Scl. II, p. 125. (pt.)

838. Apalis neglecta Alex. 1900. Eastern Black-breasted Bush- warbler.

Oostelike Boszanger.

R. 2081. Scl. II, p. 126. (Chlorodyta neglecta.)

839. Apalis flavida (Strickl. and Scl.). 1852. Black-breasted Bush-

warbler. Zwart-borst Boszanger.

R. 2082. Scl. II, p. 125. (Chlorodyta flavida.)

Camaroptera Sund. 1850.

*840. Camaroptera griseoviridis (v. Mull.). 1851. Grey-green Bush-
warbler. Grijsgroene Boszanger.

R. 2093.

841. Camaroptera griseoviridis sundevalli. Sharpe. 1882. Grey-backed

Bush-warbler. Grijsrug Boszanger.

R. 2093a. Scl. II, p. 113. (Camaroptera sundevalli.)

842. Camaroptera brachyura (Vieill.). 1820. Green-backed Bush-warbler.

Groenrug Boszanger.

R. 2094. Scl. II, p. 112. (Camaroptera olivacea.)

843. Camaroptera brevicaudata (Cretsch.). 1826. Short-tailed Bush-

warbler. Kortstaart Boszanger.

R. 2095. Scl. II, p. 114.

Sylvietta Lafr. 1839.

844. Sylvietta rufescens (Vieill.). 1817. Crombec. Krombek.

R. 2107. Scl. II, p. 115.

*845. Sylvietta flecki (Rchw.). 1900. Fleck’s Crombec. Fleck’s Krombek
R. 2108.

*846. Sylvietta whytei (Shell.). Niassa Crombec. Niassa Krombek.

(Ibis January, 1907.)

847. Sylvietta pallida Alex. 1899. Zambezi Crombec. Zambezi Krombek.

R. 2117. Scl. II, p. 117.

Eremomela Sund. 1850.

848. Eremomela flaviventris (Burch.). 1824. Yellow-bellied Bush-warbler.

Geelbuik Boszanger.

R. 2128. Scl. II, p. 106.

*849. Eremomela flaviventris sliarpei. Rchw. 1905. Sharpe’s Yellow-
bellied Bush-warbler. Sharpe’s Bossanger.

R. 2128a.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

141

850. Eremomela polioxantha Sharpe. Buckley’s Bush- warbler. Buckley’s

Boszanger.

R. 2130. Scl. II, p. 108.

851. Eremomela helenorae Alex. 1899. Zambezi Bush-warbler. Zambezi

Boszanger.

R. 2131. Scl. II, p. 109.

852. Eremomela damarensis Wahl. 1855. Damara Bush-warbler.

Damara Boszanger.

R. 2133. (Scl. Check List : Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill,
p. 8.) (Eremomela flaviventris. )

853. Eremomela scotops Sund. 1850. Dusky-faced Bush-warbler.

Sundevall’s Boszanger.

R. 2137. Scl. II, p. 110.

854. Eremomela albigularis (Finch and Hartl.). 1870. White-throated

Bush-warbler. Witkeel Boszanger.

R. 2145.

855. Eremomela usticollis Sund. 1850. Brown-throated Bush-warbler.

Bruinkeel Boszanger.

R. 2146. Scl. II, p. 110.

*856. Eremomela baumgarti Rchw. 1905. Baumgart’s Bush-warbler.
Baumgart’s Boszanger.

R. 2127.

Phylloscopus Boie. 1826.

857. Phylloscopus trochilus (L.). 1758. Willow Wren. Hofzanger.

R. 2151. Scl. II, p. 84.

Hypolais Brehm. 1828.

858. Hypolais hypolais (L.). 1758. Icterine Warbler. Spotvogel.

R. 2157. Scl. II, p. 86. (Hypolais icterina.)

Sylvia Scop. 1769.

859. Sylvia simplex Lath. 1787. Garden Warbler. Tuinfluiter.

R. 2159. Scl. II, p. 82.

860. Sylvia sylvia (L.). 1758. Common White-throat. Grasmeerle.

R. 2160. Scl. II, p. 81. (Sylvia cinerea.)

TURDIDAE.

Crateropus Sw. 1831.

861. Crateropus jardinei A. Sm, 1836. Jardine’s Babbler. Jardine’s

Kakelaar.

R. 2174. Scl. II, p. 55.

862. Crateropus jardinei kirki. Sharpe. 1875. Kirk’s Babbler. Kirk’s

Kakelaar.

R. 2174a. Scl. II, p. 57. (Crateropus kirki.)

883. Crateropus melanops Hartl. 1866. Black-faced Babbler. Zwart-
wang Kakelaar.

R. 2176. Scl, II, p. 58,

142

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

864. Crateropus hartlaubi Boc. 1868. Hartlaub’s Babbler. Hartlaub’s

Kakelaar.

R. 2182. Scl. II, p. 58.

865. Crateropus bicolor Jard. 1880. Pied Babbler. Bonte Kakelaar.

R. 2189. Scl. II, p. 59.

Pinarornis Sharpe. 1875.

866. Pinarornis plumosus Sharpe. 1875. Sooty Chat-warbler. Zwarte

Tapuit.

R. 2195. Scl. II, p. 158.

*867. Pinarornis rhodesiae Chubb. 1908. Rhodesia Chat-warbler. Rho-
desia Tapuit.

(Bull. B.O.C., June, 1908.)

Chaetops Sw. 1831.

868. Chaetops frenatus (Temm.). 1826. Rufous Rock Jumper. Rots-

tapuit.

R. 2196. Scl. II, p. 160.

869. Chaetops aurantius Lay. 1867. Orange-breasted Rock Jumper.

Oranjeborst Tapuit.

R. 2197. Scl. II, p. 163. (Chaetops aurantiacus.)

870. Chaetops pycnopygius (Strickl. and Scl.). 1852. Damara Rock

Jumper. Damara Tapuit.

R. 2198. Scl. II, p. 164.

Geocichla (Kuhl.) J. Gould. 1836.

871. Geocichla litsipsirupa A. Sm. 1836. Groundscraper Thrush. Zuid-

afrikaanse Lijster.

R. 2208. Scl. II, p. 173. (Turdus litsipsirupa.)

872. Geocichla guttata (Vig.). 1831. Natal Thrush. Natal Lijster.

R. 2209. Scl. II, p. 172. (Turdus guttatus.)

873. Geocichla gurneyi (Hartl.). 1864. Pondoland Thrush. Gurney’s

Lijster.

R. 2211. Scl. II, p. 174. (Turdus gurneyi.)

Turdus L. 1758.

874. Turdus cabanisi (Bp.). Cab. 1850. Cabanis’ Thrush. Cabanis’

Lijster.

R. 2222. Scl. II, p. 177.

875. Turdus olivaceus L, 1766. Cape Thrush. Olijfkleurige Lijster.

R. 2223. Scl. II, p. 175.

876. Turdus libonyanus (A. Sm.). Kurrichane Thrush. Roodbek Lijster.

R. 2229. Scl. II, p. 177.

878, Turdus libonyanus tropicalis Ptrs. 1881. Peters’ Thrush. Peters’
Lijster.

R. 2229ft. (Scl. Check List : Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill, p. 8.)

143

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

879. Turdus libonyanus verreauxi Boc. Verreaux Thmsb. Verreaux

Roodbek Lijster.

R. 2229e. (Scl. Check List : Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill, p. 8.)

Monticola Boie. 1822.

880. Monticola rupestris (Vieill.). 1818. Cape Rock Thrush. Kaapse

Rots Lijster.

R. 2232. Scl. II, p. 181.

881. Monticola explorator (Vieill.). 1818. Sentinel Rock Thrush. Wacht-

lijster.

R. 2233. Scl. II, p. 183.

882. Monticola brevipes Strickl. Scl. 1852. Short-toed Rock Thrush.

Korttoon Rots Lijster.

R. 2234. Scl. II, p. 184.

883. Monticola angolensis niassae Rchw. 1888. Niassa Rock Thrush.

Niassa Rots Lijster.

R. 2236a. Scl. II, p. 185.

Thamnolaea Cab. 1850.

884. Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris (Lair.). 1836. White-shouldered

Bush Chat. Witvlek Bos Lijster.

R. 2240. Scl. II, p. 206.

885. Thamnolaea bifasciata (Temm.). 1829. Buff-streaked Chat.

Gestreepte Bos Lijster.

R. 2245. Scl. II, p. 188. (Myrmecocichla bifasciata.)

Myrmecocichla Cab. 1850.

886. Myrmecocichla formicivora (Vieill.). 1818. Ant-eating Chat. Miers-

hoop Lijster.

R. 2246. Scl. II, p. 186.

887. Myrmecocichla nigra (Vieill.). 1818. Black Chat. Zwarte Bos

Lijster.

R. 2248. Scl. II, p. 208. (Thamnolaea arnotti.)

Emarginata Shell. 1896.

888. Emarginata sinuata (Sund.). 1857. Sickle-winged Chat. Vlakte

Lijster.

R. 2253. Scl. II, p. 203.

889. Emarginata pollux (Hartl.). 1865. Hartlaub’s Chat. Hartlaub’s

Lijster.

R. 2254. Scl. II, p. 205.

890. Emarginata cinerea (Vieill.). 1818. Grey Chat. Grijze Lijster.

R. 2255. Scl. II, p. 204.

891. Emarginata cinerea schlegeli (Wahib.). 1855. Schlegel’s Chat.

Schlegels’ Lijster.

R. 2255a. (Scl. Check List : Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill, p. 8.)
Saxicola Bchst. 1802.

892. Saxicola monticola (Vieill.). 1818. Mountain Chat. Berg Lijster.

R. 2261. Scl. II, p. 194,

144

Annals of the -Transvaal Museum.

893. Saxicola pileata (Gm.). 1788. Capped Wheatear. Zwartkop

Tapuit.

R. 2264. Scl. II, p. 196.

894. Saxicola albicans Wahl. 1855. Damara Chat. Damara Tapuit.

R. 2269. Scl. II, p. 199.

895. Saxicola layardi Sharpe. 1876. Layard’s Chat. Layard’s Tapuit.

R. 2270. Scl. II, p. 200.

896. Saxocola oenanthe (L.). 1758. European Wheatear. Gewone

Tapuit.

R. 2272. Scl. II, p. 198.

Pratincola Koch. 1816.

897. Pratincola torquatus (L.). 1766. South African Stone Chat. Bont-

rokkie.

R. 2289. Scl. II, p. 190.

Lioptilus Cab. 1850.

898. Lioptilus nigricapillus (Vieill.). 1818. Bush Blackcap. Bos

Zwartkop Tapuit.

R. 2312. Scl. II, p. 232.

Cossypha Vig. 1825.

899. Cossypha humeralis (A. Sm.). 1836. White-shouldered Robin Chat.

Witschouder Roodborstje.

R. 2327. Scl. II, p. 214.

900. Cossypha caffra (L.). 1771. Cape Robin Chat. Kaapse Rood-

borstje.

R. 2329. Scl. II, p. 213.

901. Cossypha natalensis A. Sm. 1840. Natal Robin Chat. Natal Rood-

borstje.

R. 2330. Scl. II, p. 210.

902. Cossypha haagneri Gunning. 1909. Pondo Robin Chat. Pondo

Roodborstje.

(Annals of the Transvaal Museum, January, 1909.)

903. Cossypha bicolor (Sparrm.). 1787. Noisy Robin Chat. Lawaai-

maaker.

R. 2338. Scl. II, p. 209.

904. Cossypha heuglini Hartl. 1866. Heuglin’s Robin Chat. Heuglin’s

Roodborstje.

R. 2339. Scl. II, p. 211.

Cichladusa Ptrs. 1863.

905. Cichladusa arquata Ptrs. Morning Warbler. Morgenster.

R. 2347. Scl. II, p. 216.

Eryihropygia A. Sm. 1836.

906. Erythropygia coryphaea (Less.). 1831. Cape Ground Robin.

Kaapse Grond Tapuit.

R. 2349. Scl. II, p. 229,

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

145

907. Erythropygia signata (Sund.). 1850. Brown Robin Chat. Bruine

Bos Tapuit.

R. 2350. Scl. II, p. 215. (Cossypha signata.)

908. Erythropygia quadrivirgata Rchw. 1879. Rufous-breasted Ground

Robin. Roodborst Bos Tapuit.

R. 2352. Scl. II, p. 228.

909. Erythropygia munda (Cab.). 1880. Damara Ground Robin. Damara

Grond Tapuit.

R. 2354. Scl. II, p. 227.

910. Erythropygia leucophrys (Vieill.). 1817. White-browed Ground

Robin. Witoog Grond Tapuit.

R. 2355. Scl. II, p. 225.

911. Erythropygia paena A. Sm. 1836. Smith’s Ground Robin. Smith’s

Grond Tapuit.

R. 2357. Scl. II, p. 223.

*912. Erythropygia poena damarensis Hart. 1907. Hartert’s Ground
Robin. Hartert’s Grond Tapuit.

(Bull. B.O.C., January, 1907.)

913. Erythropygia zambesiana Sharpe. 1882. Zambezi Ground Robin.

Zambezi Grond Tapuit.

R. 2361. Scl. II, p. 224.

Tarsiger Hodson. 1844.

914. Tarsiger stellatus (Vieill.). 1818. White-starred Bush Robin. Witkol

Bos Tapuit.

R. 2365. Scl. II, p. 217.

Phoenicurus Vorst. 1817.

915. Phoenicurus familiaris (Steph.). 1825. Familiar Chat. Dagbreker.

R. 2373. Scl. II, p. 201. (Saxicola familiaris.)

916. Phoenicurus familiaris galtoni (Strickl.). 1852. Galton’s Chat.

Galton’s Dagbreker.

R. 2373 a. (Scl. Check List : Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill, p. 8.)

917. Phoenicurus familiaris hellmayri (Rchw.). 1902. Hellmayer’s Chat.

Hellmeyer’s Dagbreker.

R. 2373 b. (Scl. Check List : Annals South African Museum, Vol. Ill, p. 8.)

918. Phoenicurus familiaris falkensteini (Cab.). 1875. Falkenstein’s Chat.

Fslkenstein’s Dagbreker.

R. 2373c. Scl. II, p. 202. (Saxicola falkensteini.)

Erythacus Cuv. 1800.

*919. Erythacus swynnertoni Shell. 1906. Melsetter Robin.

(Bull. B.O.C., CXXVI, June, 1906.)

Aedon Vorst. 1817.

920. Aedon philomela (Bechst.). 1795. Eastern Nightingale. Nachtigaal,

R. 2381, Scl. II, p. 179, (Erithacus philomela.)

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

147

NOTES

8. Diomedia cauta Gould.

In the “ Ibis ” for 1905, p. 558, Mr. Ogilvie-Grant has shown
that Thalassogeron Ictyardi of Salvadore is merely a younger phase
of Diomedia cauta of Gould.

79. Plectropterus gambensis (L.).

From the series of over a score of these birds living in the
Zoological Gardens, it is impossible to say where gambensis ends
and niger commences, so we are obliged to discard the latter species
as invalid.

88. Rhinoptilus chalcopterus (Tern.).

Dr. Reichenow believes this bird to be identical with R. albo-
fasciatus of Sharpe. In the “ Ibis”, 1900, p. 455, Boyd Alexander
states his reasons for doubting the validity of Dr. Sharpe’s bird,
with which we must concur after comparison with the series in
the Transvaal Museum. There is an obviously immature bird in
the collection with narrow white edges to the wing coverts, and the
middle tail feathers without white, the remainder being distinctly
white tipped, or rather dirty tawny-white.

90. Rhinoptilus cinctus (Heugl.).

Dr. Reichenow unites R. seebohmi Sharpe with this species.

98. Charadrius venustus Fschr. and Rchw.

The Transvaal Museum contains a large series of skins of this
tropical species, collected at Van Wijks Ylei, Carnarvon, West
Central Cape Colony, by Lieut. H. A. P. Littledale, of the K.O.Y.L.I.,
during the months of August to October. There are also three
from Port Elizabeth, collected by J. G. Brown and R. H. Ivy.

214. Turtur capicola tropicus Rchw.

This is a paler form of capicola , but not so pale as dctmarensis ,
hence it stands intermediate between the Damaraland and typical
birds. The habitat of tropicus Reichenow puts down as “East
Africa from Ndussuma to the Northern Transvaal ”.

219. Chalcopelia afra (L.).

Dr. Reichenow, in his “ Nachtrag”, separates the green-coloured
spotted dove from those which have blue-coloured spots on the
wing. From the series of this bird in the Transvaal Museum
we should decidedly unite the two birds, as Dr. Reichenow has
done in vol. I of his “Vogel Afrikas ”. There are blue-spotted
and green-spotted birds from different parts of South Africa ; one
with bottle-blue and green spots, and several with green spots
edged with blue. Hence the name of afra Linn, must remain that
of the South African bird.

148

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

225. Guttera lividicollis Ghigi.

In the “Mem. Acc. Sc. Instit., Bologna”, Serie VI, T. II, 1905,
Senoi* A. Ghigi separates the Zambesi form of the Crested Guinea-
fowl under the above name.

235. Francolinus jugularis pallidior, Neum.

In the Bulletin B. 0. C., No. CXXXIX, for January, 1908, p. 45,
Mr. 0. Neumann separates this form from the more northern and
typical jugularis , Biittikofer. The latter therefore falls out of the
South African list, while the locality of pallidior is given as
German South-West Africa (south of the Cunene River ;
A. W. Eriksson, collector). Similar to gariepensis Smith, but
everywhere paler, the belly being without the strong chestnut and
black markings of gariepensis.

238. Francolinus coqui angolensis, Rothscli.

There are several examples in the Transvaal Museum collected
by Roberts and Kirby in the Boror district, which are undoubtedly
referable to this species, which is, however, not fully recognized by
Reichenow.

240. Francolinus kirki Hartl.

In the Bulletin B. O. C., CXLI, for March, 1908, C. H. B. Grant
records the procuring of this species at Beira. The Transvaal
Museum contains two examples from Boror, Portuguese South-
East Africa, collected by Messrs. Kirby and Roberts.

261. Kaupifalco monnogrammicus meridionalis (Hartl.).

Two specimens from North-Western Rhodesia in the Transvaal
Museum seem referable to this sub-species, which is the Western
form. Reichenow gives the locality of meridionalis as extending
into Damar aland.

268. Accipiter minullus tropicalis Rchw.

The Museum contains two examples which seem referable to
this species, viz., one from Rhodesia and one from Boror, Portuguese
East Africa.

295. Falco peregrinus Tunst.

Two specimens in Transvaal Museum from Grahamstown and
Pretoria.

301. Cerchneis vespertina (L.).

The specimens in the collection do not agree with Reichenow’s
description of vespertina , having pure white axillaries and under
wing coverts ; are thus referable to his rejected amurensis, Radde,
which we will retain pending further investigations.

310. Bubo ascalaphus trothse Rchw.

In the January, 1906, number of the u Ornithologische Monats-
berichte ”, Dr. Reichenow describes a new Eagle Owl from South-
west Africa under the above name. Similar to B. ascalaphus, but
smaller, with the brown, wavy lines on the abdominal feathers more
profuse ; the yellow-brown tone of the coloration has a tendency to
a cinnamon shade, not ochreous, as is the case with the typical
form, Hab, Keetmanshoop (Damaraland), coll, Yon Trotha,

Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 149

314. Asio leucotis erlangeri Og.-Grant.

In the “ Ibis”, October, 1906, p. 660, Mr. Ogilvie-Grant shows
that the typical leucotis is the northern form, so that the South
African bird was without a name ; he gave to it the above name of
erlangeri.

323. Poicephalus meyeri (Cretzschm.).

In the “ Ornithol. Monatsberichte ” for 1899 (p. 25) and the
“ Journal f. Ornithologie” for 1898 (p. 501) 0. Neumann separates
these two forms from the typical (northern) meyeri. As the series
of Transvaal birds in the Museum vary enormously in tone and
coloration, we fail to see justification for these separations, and
would refer the matter for closer consideration.

327. Agapornis nigrigenis W. L. Scl.

The Museum contains a large series from North-Western
Rhodesia, the Zambesi region above the Victoria Falls, and the
Capri vi corner of German South-West Africa ; as the latter is well
within the boundary of South Africa, this bird becomes an addition
to the list. It can easily be distinguished from the other members
of the genus by its dark-brown, almost black, cheeks and throat,
salmon-pink patch on the breast, and chestnut forehead.

333. Turacus corythaix phoebus Neum.

Neumann separates the Transvaal lourie under this name, on
the grounds that the upper back, remiges, and tail is almost wholly
glossed with blue ; lower back and rump black with “ lilac-steel-
blue ”, not green gloss. As the Museum possesses birds from
Knysna, Cape Colony, which are but slightly less blue than the
Transvaal specimens, the validity of the species requires investiga-
tion.

335. Turacus reichenowi (Fschr.).

In the Bulletin B. Ornith. Club, No. CXLI (March, 1908), Mr.
C. H. B. Grant records the occurrence of this species at Beira,
Portuguese South-East Africa. It differs from living stonei in the
back, wings and tail are glossed with steel blue, not green, as in
that species.

362. Lybius zombae (Shelley).

The Transvaal Museum contains four examples of this bird,
collected in the Boror district of Mozambique by Messrs. Kirby
and Roberts.

374. Dendromus malherbi (Pass.).

Reichenow gives Zomba as included in the habitat of this
bird, hence it must be included in our list.

378. Dendromus scriptori cauda Rchw.

There are several specimens of this bird, collected in the Boror
territory by Messrs. Kirby and Roberts.

382a. Dendropicos hartlaubi Malh.

The Museum collection contains a series from Boror (Kirby
and Roberts), and one from near Seslieke on the Zambesi River
(C. Wilde).

150 Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

384. Colius striatus minor Cab.

Reichenow has retained Cabanis’ separation of the Natal
speckled coly on the grounds of its smaller size and darker
throat.

386. Colius colius damarensis Rchw.

Reichenow has separated the Damaraland form of the white-
backed mousebird under this name. It is paler than the typical
species.

389. Colius kirbyi Sharpe.

The Bull. B. 0. C., CXXXVII, contains the description of this
new coly from Lydenburg (F. V. Kirby, leg.). It is of a fawn
colour, the base of the primaries like the primary coverts chestnut.
Head and throat hoary cream colour.

393. Coracias weigalli Dresser.

A pair was collected in the Boror district of Portuguese
South-East Africa by Kirby and Roberts.

397. Eurystomus glaucurus (H. Mull.).

A single example, procured by Mr. P. A. Sheppard at Beira on
the 31st March, 1906, is now in the Museum. ( Vide Journal
S.A.O.U. No. 1, vol. I, April, 1909, p. 38.)

484. Hyliota rhodesiae Haagner.

This species described by Haagner in the July, 1910, Journal
S.A.O.U. in the Albany Museum, collected by Williams in the
Matoppos, has the very distinct characteristic of a broad white bar
across the outer tail feathers (possessed by no other Hyliota).

402. Lophoceros naumanni Rchw.

An undoubted example of this East Central African species is
in the Museum collection from Boror territory, collected by Messrs.
Kirby and Roberts.

440. Apus apus kalaharicus Rchw.

Described by Dr. A. Reichenow in the “ Ornithologische
Monatsberichte ” for May, 1908, p. 81.

446. Chaetura bohmi Schal.

The Transvaal Museum possesses examples of this swift,
collected at Beira by P. A. Sheppard, and at Sesheke, Zambesi
River, by C. Wilde.

469. Bradornis griseus Rchw.

The Albany Museum contains an example of this bird collected
in the Matoppos by R. Williams (no date).

471. Sheppardia gunningi Haagn.

Nov. sp. collected by P. A. Sheppard at Beira. ( Vide Annals
Transvaal Museum, January, 1910.)

473. Melaenormis ater tropicalis (Cab.).

There is a specimen in the Transvaal Museum collected in the
Boror district by Messrs. Kirby and Roberts.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum,

151

478. Alseonax subadustus Shelley.

Recorded from Gazaland, Southern Rhodesia, by C. F. M.
Swynnerton in the “Ibis” for January, 1908, p. 89.

489. Batis sheppardi Haagner.

This specimen was collected by P. A. Sheppard at Beira, two
examples of which are now in the Transvaal Museum. {Vide
Annals Transvaal Museum, January, 1909.)

490. Batis puella soror Rchw.

This species was recorded from Beira by C. H. B. Grant, and
the Transvaal Museum contains specimens collected in the Boror
district of Portuguese South-East Africa by Kirby and Roberts.

492. Batis erythrophthalma Swyn.

Described by C. F. M. Swynnerton in the Bulletin B. 0. Club,
No. CXXXY, of June, 1907, from Southern Rhodesia.

497. Trochocercus megalolophus Swyn.

Described by Swynnerton in Bull, B. O. C., No. CXXXY,
June, 1907.

498. Trochocercus albonotatus Sharpe.

Recorded by Swynnerton in the “ Ibis ” for January, 1907,
from Gazaland, Southern Rhodesia.

500. Tchitrea plumbeiceps (Rcliw.).

Recorded by Swynnerton from Southern Rhodesia in the
“Ibis” for January, 1907. The Transvaal Museum has since
received a good series from Sesheke, Zambesi, collected by
C. Wilde.

509. Sigmodus scopifrons Ptrs.

This shrike was recorded by C. H. B. Grant from Beira, and
the Transvaal Museum has received an example from Mr. P. A.
Sheppard, of that place. ( Vide Journ. S.A.O.U., vol. I, No. 1,
April, 1909.)

516. Pomatorhynchus anchietae Boc.

Recorded from Gazaland, Southern Rhodesia, by C. F. M.
Swynnerton in the “ Ibis ” for January, 1907.

520. Chlorophoneus bertrandi (Shelley).

Mr. C. F. M. Swynnerton records this species from Southern
Rhodesia. ( Vide “ Ibis ”, January, 1907.)

522. Chlorophoneus abbotti (Richm.).

The Transvaal Museum contains two undoubted examples of
this shrike, collected in the Woodbush, Northern Transvaal, by
Mr. F. Yaughan Kirby.

528. Laniarius rufiventris hybridus Neum.

A form of large puff-back, ranging from the Transvaal
northwards to Rovuma. It is distinguished by the entire under-
side— from the crop to the vent— being of an ochreous colour.

152 Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

545. Oriolus larvatus rolleti Salvad.

There is a series of this bird in the Transvaal Museum
collected by Kirby and Roberts in the Boror district of
Portuguese East Africa.

567. Sporopipes squamifrons damarensis Rchw.

Reichenow . separates the Damaraland form (Vogel Afrikas,
Nalhtray, p. 858) under this name.

574. Ploceus ocularius crocatus (Hartl.).

The Transvaal Museum contains a series of this bird, collected
by Messrs. Kirby and Roberts in the Boror district.

584. Ploceus castaneigula (Cab.).

Recorded from the Zambesi by Holub. ( Vide Vogel Afrikas,
band III, p. 94.)

586. Ploceus trothae Rchw.

Described by Dr. Reichenow in the “Ornith. Monatsb.” for
September, 1905 (p. 147), from Damaraland.

588. Pyrenestes grant! Bowdler Sharpe.

Described by Dr. R. Bowdler Sharpe in the Bulletin B. 0. C. for
March, 1908 (No. CXLI), in honour of Mr. Claude Grant, who
collected it at Beira.

590. Quelea, erythrops (Hartl.).

The Transvaal Museum contains a series of nine skins collected
in Pondoland, Southern Cape Colony, by Mr. C. G. Davies,
M.B.O.U.

601. Coliuspasser macroura (Gm.).

Recorded from Zuinbo on the Zambesi by Alexander.

612. Pytilia afra Gm.

There are specimens in the Transvaal Museum collected at
Boror by Messrs. Kirby and Roberts. Mr. Claude Grant also
records it from Gorongoza in the March, 1908, number of the
Bulletin B. O. Club.

615. Estrilda astrild cavendishi Sharpe.

616. Estrilda astrild damarensis Rchw.

The former, described by Dr. Sharpe in 1900, was recorded
from Inhambane by Peters. The latter is the western form,
from Namaqualand northwards.

638. Passer melanurus damarensis Rchw.

Described by Reichenow in 1902. This is the western form of
the Cape sparrow, characterized mainly by the deep black of the
head and chest.

649. Poliospiza mennelli E. C. Chubb.

Described by Mr. E. C. Chubb in the Bulletin B. O. Club, No.
CXL, of 19th February, 1908. Habitat, Shangani River, Rhodesia.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

153

650. Poliospiza reichardi Rchw.

There are four examples of this seedeater in the Transvaal
Museum, collected in the Boror district by Messrs. Kirby and
Roberts.

659. Heliospiza noomei Gunning.

Gen. et sp. nov. Described by Dr. J. W. B. Gunning from two
examples collected by F. 0. Some in the Rustenburg district of
the Transvaal. (Journal S.A.O.U., vol. Ill, p. 208.)

*683. T met othy lacus tenellus (Cab.).

Recorded from Irene, near Pretoria, by Mr. Lionel E. Taylor.
(Journal S.A.O.U., June, 1906.)

698. Heteronyx ruddi C. H. B. Grant.

Described by Mr. Claude Grant in the Bulletin B. 0. Club?
CXLIY, June, 1908. He collected it at Wakkerstroom, Transvaal,
and its nearest ally is Mirafra chiniana , Smith.

705. Certhilauda albofasciata erikssoni Hart.

Described in the Bulletin B. O. Club for May, 1907 (No.

CXXXIY).

718. Phyllastrephus milanjensis Shelley.

Recorded from Gazaland, Southern Rhodesia, by C. F. M.
Swynnerton, “ Ibis”, January, 1907, p. 5-1.

723. Phyllastrephus cerviniventris.

The Transvaal Museum contains two examples of this species*
collected at Boror by Messrs. Kirby and Roberts.

725. Phyllastrephus capensis suahelicus Rchw.

There are examples in the Transvaal Museum collected at
Boror, Portuguese South Africa, by Kirby and Roberts.

741. Anthreptes reichenowi Gg.

Described by Dr. J. W. B. Gunning in the Annals of the
Transvaal Museum for January, 1909. A pair was collected by Mr.
P. A. Sheppard, near Beira, Portuguese South-East Africa.

742. Anthreptes longuemarei nyassae Neum.

A series of skins are in the Transvaal Museum, collected in the
Boror district of Portuguese South-East Africa by Messrs. Kirby
and Roberts.

743. Chalcomitra olivacea daviesi Haagn:

Described by A. K. Haagner in the Bulletin B. O. Club for
October, 1907. There is a long series in the Transvaal Museum
collected by Claude G. Davies in Pondoland.

745. Chalcomitra olivacina Ptrs.

There are specimens in the Transvaal Museum collected at
Beira by P. A. Sheppard and in Boror by Kirby and Roberts.

8

154

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

754. Ginnyris venustus niassae Rchw.

Recorded from Gazaland, Southern Rhodesia, by C. F. M.
Swynnerton. (u Ibis ”, January, 1907, p. 43.)

757. Cinnyris mariquensis microrhynchus Shell.

There are specimens in the Transvaal Museum collected at
Boror, Portuguese East Africa, by Kirby and Roberts, and at Beira
by P. A. Sheppard.

702. Cinnyris neergaardi C. Grant.

Described by Claude Grant in the Bulletin B. 0. Club, No.
CXLIII, May, 1908, and collected by himself at Inhambane, Portu-
guese East Africa.

766. Nectarinia arturi P. L. Scl.

Collected by Arthur L. Sclater, in the Melsetter District of
Southern Rhodesia, and described by his father, Dr. Sclater, in the
Bull. B. 0. C., CXXIX, December, 1906.

774. Par us pallidiventris rovumae Shell.

There are examples in the Transvaal Museum collected in the
Boror district by Kirby and Roberts.

776. Par us afer damarensis Rchw.

Dr. Reichenow, in his “ Vogel Afrikas ”, Vol. III. separates the
Darnara form of the grey tit under this name.

778. Par us subcaeruleum cinerascens Rchw.

Dr. Reichenow separates the Darnara form of the Rufous-
vented tit under this name. (Vogel Afrikas, band III.)

782. Anthoscopus robertsi Haagn.

44iis tit was collected by Kirby and Roberts in the Boror
district of Portuguese South-East Africa, and described by Haagner
in the August, 1909, number of the Annals of the Transvaal
Museum.

787. Splienoeacus transvaalensis C. Grant.

Collected by the describer in the Woodbush region of the
Transvaal, and recorded in the Bulletin B. O. Club, CXLIII, for
May, 1908.

788. Melocichla mentalis orientalis (Sharpe).

There is an example of this warbler in the Transvaal Museum,
collected in Boror by Kirby and Roberts. It was also recorded
from S. Rhodesia by Swynnerton in the “ Ibis ” for July, 1908,
p. 441.

789a. Cisticola rufilata Hartl.

In working up the warblers of the Transvaal Museum we
could not locate three skins, which on reference to Dr. Reichenow
that authority thought they might be mulleri , Alex., but Dr.
Hartert, who kindly compared them with the type of that species,
says they are not mulleri, but rufilata of Hartlaub, agreeing in
every respect with the series of that species in the Tring Museum.

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

155

790. Cisticola strangei (Fras.).

This well-marked species must have been overlooked by
Dr. Stark and Mr. W. L. Sclater. The Transvaal Museum possesses
examples from Portuguese South-East Africa, Natal, and
Pondoland.

792. Cisticola cliiniana magna Gould.

The southern bird must be separated under this name. ( Vide
Haagner, Annals Transvaal Museum, August, 1909.)

798. Cisticola lavendulae Grant Reid.

The Transvaal Museum contains specimens from Northern
Transvaal collected by Marais and Kirby.

799. Cisticola sylvia Rcliw.

There is an undoubted example of this warbler in the Transvaal
Museum, collected in the Boror district by Kirby and Roberts.

<802. Cisticola cinnamomeiceps Haagn.

A smaller northern form of fulvicapilla, described by Haagner
in the Annals of the Transvaal Museum for January, 1909.

806. Heliolais erythroptera (Jard.).

Recorded from Gorongoza in the Bulletin B. 0. Club, CXLIII,
for May, 1908, by Mr. Claude Grant.

807. Heliolais kirbyi Haagn.

Described in the Annals of the Transvaal Museum for August,
1909, by Haagner. A pair were collected in the Boror district by
Kirby and Roberts.

809. Hemiptervx minuta Gung.

A pair were collected by F. V. Kirby in the Woodbusli district
of the Transvaal, and described by Dr. Gunning in the Annals of
the Transvaal Museum for January, 1909.

812. Calamonastes stierlingi Rchw.

The Museum contains examples from the central Transvaal.

814. Calamocichla zuluensis Neum.

Described by 0. Neumann in the Bulletin B. O. Club, No.
CXLIII, for May, 1908, from examples collected by Woodward
Brothers at Eshowe, Zululand. A specimen taken in the Inhambane
district by Claude Grant he also refers to this species.

818. Bradypterus pondoensis Haagn.

Described by Haagner in the Journal of the S. A. Ornithologists
Union for September, 1909, from a specimen collected by H. H.
Swinny in Pondoland.

834. Apalis chirindensis Shell.

Described by Capt. Shelley in the Bull. B. 0. Club, No.
CXXVI, for June, 1906. Collected by C. F. M. Swynnerton in the
Melsetter district of S. Rhodesia.

156

Annals of the Transvaal Museum.

835. Apalis ruddi C. Grant.

Collected by Claude Grant at inhambane, Portuguese South-East
Africa, and described by him in the Bulletin B. 0. Club, No. CXLIII,

840. Camaroptera g-riseoviridis (v. Mull.).

The Transvaal Museum contains examples collected at Beira
by P. A. Sheppard.

845. Sylvietta flecki (Rchw.).

The Transvaal Museum contains examples of this Crombec
warbler collected at Pretoria (Roberts), Pienaars River (Kirby),
Zoutpansberg (Marais).

846. Sylvietta whytei (Shell.).

Recorded from Gazaland, JSouthern Rhodesia, in the “ Ibis ”
for January, 1907, p. 56, by C. F. M. Swynnerton.

849. Eremomela flaviventris sharpei Rchw. \

In the “ Ornithologlsche Monatsbericlite ” for 1905, p. 25, Dr.
Reichenow separates the western form under this name.

856. Eremomela baumgarti Rchw.

In the “ Ornithologische Monatsbericlite ” for 1905 Dr.
Reichenow describes this form. The Transvaal Museum contains
four skins collected in the Pretoria district by Austin Roberts.

867. Pinarornis rliodesiae E. C. Chubb.

Described by Chubb in the Bulletin B. O. Club, No. CXLIV,
for June, 1908. (Matoppos, Rhodesia.)

902. Cossypha haagneri Gung.

Described by Dr. Gunning in the Annals of the Transvaal
Museum for January, 1909, from an example collected in Pondo-
land by H. H. Swinney.

912. Erythropygia poena damarensis Hart.

Described by Dr. E. Hartert in the Bulletin B. O. Club for
January, 1907.

919. Erythacus swynnertoni Shell.

Described by Captain Shelley, in the Bulletin B. O. Club,
CXXYI, for June, 1906, from examples collected in the Melsetter
district of Southern Rhodesia by C. F. M. Swynnerton.

May, 1908.

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