< Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from IMLS LG-70-15-0138-15 https://archive.org/details/annotatedlistoff2541hous New York State Museum Bulletin Entered as second-class matter November 27, 1915 at the Post Office at Albany, N. Y., under the act of August 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 19, 1918 Published bimonthly by The University of the State of New York No. 254 ALBANY, N. Y. September 1924 The University of the State of New York New York State Museum John M. Clarke, Director Homer D. House, State Botanist ANNOTATED LIST OF THE FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS OF NEW YORK STATE BY HOMER D. HOUSE ALBANY THE'UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 1924 Mi72r-Jl23-I500 (7-627) THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of the University With years when terms expire 1926 Pliny T. Sexton LL.B., LL.D~, Chancellor Emeritus - -- -- -- -- -- Palmyra 1934 Chester S. Lord M.A., LL.D., Chancellor - Brooklyn 1936 Adelbert Moot LL.D., Vice Chancellor - - Buffalo 1927 Albert Vander Veer M.D.,M.A. ,Ph.D., LL.D. Albany 1925 Charles B. Alexander M.A., LL.B., LL.D., 1928 Walter Guest Kellogg B.A., LL.D. - - - Ogdensburg 1932 James Byrne B.A., LL.B., LL.D. - - - - New York 1929 Herbert L. Bridgman M.A., LL.D. - - - Brooklyn 1931 Thomas J. Mangan M.A. ------ Binghamton 1933 William J. Wallin M.A. ------ Yonkers 1935 William Bondy M.A., LL.B., Ph.D. - - - New York 1930 William P. Baker B.L., Litt.D. - - - - Syracuse President of the University and Commissioner of Education Frank P. Graves Ph.D., Litt.D., L.H.D., LL.D. Deputy Commissioner and Counsel Frank B. Gilbert B.A., LL.D. Assistant Commissioner and Director of Professional Education Augustus S. Downing M.A., Pd.D., L.H.D., LL.D. Assistant Commissioner for Secondary Education James Sullivan M.A., Ph.D. Assistant Commissioner for Elementary Education George M. Wiley M.A., Pd.D., LL.D. Director of State Library (. James I. Wyer M.L.S., Pd.D. Director of Science and State Museum John M Clarke Ph.D., D.Sc., LL.D. Directors of Divisions Administration, Lloyd L. Cheney B.A. Archives and History , Alexander C. Flick M.A., Litt.D., Ph.D. Attendance, James D. Sullivan Examinations and Inspections, Avery W. Skinner B.A. Finance, Clark W. Halliday Law, Irwin Esmond Ph.B., LL.B. Library Extension, William R. Watson B.S. School Buildings and Grounds, Frank H. Wood M.A. Visual Instruction, Alfred W. Abrams Ph.B. Vocational and Extension Education, Lewis A. Wilson New York State Museum Bulletin Entered as second-class matter November 27, 1915 at the Post Office at Albany, N. Y., under the act of August 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103, act of October 3, 1917. authorized July 19, 1918. Published bimonthly by The University of the State of New York No. 254 ALBANY, N. Y. September 1924 ANNOTATED LIST OF THE FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS OF NEW YORK STATE t- 4 The aim of the present list of the Ferns and Flowering Plants of New York State, is to bring together as complete a list of these elements of our flora, both native and naturalized, including those which are reported as merely adventive, as the present state of our knowledge of them permits. The “ Wild Flowers of New York ” records, without definite localities in most instances, only those plants which might be classed under the rather elastic term “ wild flowers.” There is an apparent need, which this catalog attempts to supply, for a complete list of the plants of the State, giving in addition to the known list of plants of the State, brief citations of earlier notices of those which are regarded as rare or noteworthy or the range of which is limited or otherwise deserving of special comment. These notes are scattered through the botanical literature of the past century, and the annotation of them is urgently needed by the many students of our flora in all sections of the State. The earliest catalog of the plants of the State of New York was published in 1814, by Jacob Green, closely followed in 1819 by John Torrey’s catalog of the plants growing within 30 miles of -the city of New York. Torrey’s catalog of the plants of the State did not appear until 1840 and was the forerunner of his well known “ Flora of the State ” in two volumes published by the State in 1843. This publication was followed by revised lists of the plants of the State in 1849 and 1866. During this period a few noteworthy local lists of plants were published in the annual reports of the Regents of the State of New York. Among these lists were those for Aurora, Cayuga county • by George W. Schenck (1840) ; Kinderhook, Columbia county, by W. V. S. Woodworth (1839) ; Homer, Cortland county, by George W. Bradford (1833) ; Amenia, Dutchess county, by A. Winchell (1851); Erasmus Hall, Kings county, by John Barrea Zabriskie 15] 6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM (1835) ! Lewis county, by Franklin B. Hough (1846) ; Bridgewater, Oneida county, by Asa Gray (1833) ; Onondaga, Onondaga county, by J. L. Hendrick (1837, 1^38) ; Seneca and Crooked lakes, by H. P. Sartwell (1845) and Ludlowville, Tompkins county, by Henry B. Lord (1866). Other very early but historically noteworthy lists of plants were : “ Plantae Plandomenses ” (Nassau county) by Casper Wister Eddy (1807); “ Catalogus Plantarum-Insula Noveboraco,” by John LeConte (1811) and “Plantae Coldenghamiae ” (Orange county) by Cadwallader Colden (1749-1751). The work started by John Torrey was carried forward by the late Dr Charles Horton Peck, State Botanist from 1869 to 1913, and while each annual report of the State Botanist contained addi¬ tions to the known flora of the State, no subsequent complete list of the plants of the entire State has been published, although John Paine jr, published in 1865 a “Catalogue of the Plants of Oneida County and Vicinity,” which was virtually a flora of the entire State north of the Hudson highlands. Since the publication in 1843 of Torrey’s Flora and in 1866 of Paine’s Catalogue, the knowledge regarding the vegetation of the State has been richly contributed to, not alone by the work of the State Botanist, but also by a constantly increasing number of other botanists and scientific bodies with the result that we have today numerous authentic and quite complete local floras and lists. In nearly all cases, however, these works are somewhat restricted in value by tbe absence of annotations covering the work previously accomplished. The best known of these local floras are the following : Beckwith, Macauley & Fuller. Plants of Monroe County and Vicinity, with Supplementary lists. Clute. Flora of the Upper Susquehanna. Day. Catalogue of the Plants of Buffalo and Vicinity. Catalogue of the Ferns and Flowering Plants in the Vicinity of Niagara Falls. Dudley. The Cayuga Flora. Burgess. The Chautauqua Flora. Fenno. Plants of the Susquehanna Valley and Adjacent Hills of Tioga County. Gordinier and Howe. Flora of Rensselaer County. Hollick and Britton. Flora of Richmond County. Hoysradt. Flora of Pine Plains, Dutchess County. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 7 Paige. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants of Schenectady County. Peck. Plants of the Summit of Mount Marcy. Plants of North Elba (Essex County). Markle and Peck. Catalogue of the Plants of Albany County. Willis. Report of the Flora of Westchester County. Miller and Young. Catalogue of the Plants of Suffolk County. Wright and Hall. Catalogue of the Plants in the Vicinity of Troy. Goodrich. Flora of Onondaga. (The identification of many plants reported in this work is obviously incorrect.) House. Flora of the Eastern End of Oneida Lake. Taylor. Flora of the Vicinity of New York. The Vegetation of Montauk. Burnham and Latham. Flora of Southold and Gardiner’s Island. For a complete list of the published articles on the flora of New York the reader is referred to the “ Bibliography of the Botany of New York State,” in the New York State Museum Bulletin 188 (1916). During the past few decades our knowledge of the flora of the State has increased greatly, both by special studies upon local floras and by critical investigations upon certain groups of plants such as the ferns, sedges, violets, orchids, thorns and brambles. Most of the publications upon these groups do not refer specifically to the flora of this State but cover the groups indicated without regard to geographical subdivisions, and like many other botanical papers in recent literature, are not to be cited in a bibliography relating exclu¬ sively to the State of New York. Consequently the following pages contain numerous references to botanical literature, which it is hoped will be of value and assistance to students of local floras. It is felt that there is no need to cite published records of the commoner species. In the case of the less frequent or rarer species, or those of peculiar distribution, or unsatisfactorily known distri¬ bution, the usefulness of the catalog is increased by citing not only the published records, but in many cases by also citing herbarium specimens. A catalog of this scope is not the place to discuss the ecological aspects of the vegetation of the State. The composition and definitions of plant societies and the complex relationships existing between plants and climate and soil factors is a subject which calls for special treatment and which bears only an indirect relation to a catalog of the plants comprising the vegetation of the State. This introduction, however, cannot be complete without a brief mention NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM of the importance of determining1 the soil preferences of our native flora, and the determination of the effect of soil and length of growing season, and other ecological factors, upon the distribution and abundance of native species of plants. The opportunities for this important work, which has been too long neglected, are rapidly diminishing under the changes wrought by clearing, cultivation and other changes resulting from human occupation. Limestone rock formation and calcareous soils exert a most marked influence upon the distribution of plants, and so also do acidulous and siliceous soils, and the relation of these formations and soils to plant distribution should be more fully investigated. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 9 SYNOPSIS OF FAMILIES PTERIDOPHYTA Filicales page 1 Ophioglossaceae . 12 2 Osmundaceae . 15 3 Schizaeaceae . 16 4 Polypodiaceae . 16 Salviniales 5 Marsileaceae . 32 6 Salviniaceae . 32 PAGE Equisetales 7 Equisetaceae . . 32 Lycopodiales 8 Lycopodiaceae . . 35 9 Selaginellaceae . . 38 10 Isoetaceae . . 39 1 Pinaceae . 41 SPERMATOPHYTA Gymnospermae Pinales 2 Taxaceae. Pandanales 1 Typhaceae . .... 48 2 Sparganiaceae . .... 48 Naiadales 3 Zannichelliaceae . .... 51 4 Naiadaceae . .... 60 5 Zosteraceae . .... 61 A lismales 6 Scheuchzeriaceae . .... 6l 7 Alismaceae . Hydrocharitales 8 Vallisneriaceae . . 64 9 Hydrocharitaceae . .... 66 Poales 10 Poaceae . 66 1 1 Cyperaceae . .... 131 A rales 12 Araceae . . 201 13 Lemnaceae . Angiospermae Monocotyledones Xyridales 14 Xyridaceae 15 Eriocaulaceae . . 16 Commelinaceae . 17 Pontederiaceae . Liliales 18 Juncaceae . 19 Melanthaceae . . 20 Liliaceae . 2 1 Convallariaceae 22 Trilliaceae . 23 Smilaceae . A maryllidales 24 Haemodoraceae 25 Leucojaceae. . . . 26 Tamaceae . 27 Ixiaceae . Orchidales 28 Orchidaceae. Piperales 1 Saururaceae Juglandales 2 Juglandaceae Myricales 3 Myricaceae Salicales A Salicaceae . Dicotyledones Choripetalae 253 253 256 258 Fagales 5 Corylaceae. . . . 6 Fagaceae . Urticales 7 Ulmaceae . 8 Moraceae . 9 Artocarpaceae 10 Urticaceae. . . . 47 205 206 206 207 208 217 219 222 227 229 230 230 231 232 234 267 272 278 280 281 28 2 10 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Dicotyledones ( continued ) Chori petalae ( continued ) Santalales 11 Loranthaceae . 284 12 Santalaceae . 285 Aristolochiales 13 Asaraceae . 285 Polygonales 14 Polygonaceae . 286 Chenopodiales 15 Amaranthaceae . 301 16 Chenopodiaceae . 303 17 Petiveriaceae . 311 18 Corrigiolaceae . 31 1 19 Allioniaeeae . 312 20 Tetragoniaceae . 313 21 Portulacaceae . 313 22 Alsinaceae . 314 23 Caryophyllaceae . 322 Ranales 24 Ceratophyllaceae . 327 25 Cabombaceae . 327 26 Nelumbonaceae . 328 27 Nymphaeaceae . 328 28 Magnoliaceae . 330 29 Anonaceae . 331 30 Ranunculaceae . 331 31 Podophyllaceae . 348 32 Menispermaceae . 349 33 Cassythaceae . 349 Papaverales 34 Papaveraceae . 350 35 Fumariaceae . 352 36 Brassicaceae . 354 37 Capparidaceae . 372 38 Resedaceae . 373 Sarraceniales 39 Sarraceniaceae . 373 40 Droseraceae . 374 Rosales 41 Podostemaceae . 374 42 Sedaceae . 375 43 Penthoraceae . 377 44 Parnassiaceae . 377 45 Saxifragaceae . 377 46 Hydrangeaceae . 379 47 Hamamelidaceae . 380 48 Altingiaceae . 380 49 Grossulariaceae . 380 50 Platanaceae . 383 51 Spiraeaceae . 384 52 Rosaceae . 387 53 Malaceae . 408 54 Amygdalaceae . 430 55 Cassiaceae . 435 56 Fabaceae . 436 Geraniales 57 Geraniaceae . 458 58 Oxalidaceae . 460 59 Linaceae . 463 60 Balsaminaceae . 464 61 Limnanthaceae . 465 62 Zygophyllaceae . 465 63 Rutaceae . 465 64 Simaroubaceae . 466 Polygales 65 Polygalaceae . 466 Euphorbiales 66 Euphorbiaceae . 469 67 Callitrichaceae . 473 Sapindales 68 Empetraceae . 474 69 Spondiaceae . 475 70 Ilicaceae . 478 71 Celastraceae . 480 72 Staphyleaeeae . 481 73 Aceraceae . 482 74 Aescnlaceae . 484 75 Sapindaceae . 484 Rhamnales 76 Frangulaceae . 484 77 Vitaceae . 485 Malvales 78 Tiliaceae . 487 79 Malvaceae . 488 Hypericales 80 Hypericaceae . 491 81 Elatinaceae . 495 82 Cistaceae . 496 83 Violaceae . 499 Opunliales 84 Opuntiaceae . 512 Thymeleales 85 Daphnaceae . 513 86 Elaeagnaceae . 513 Myrlales 87 Salicariaceae . 514 88 Melastomaceae . 515 89 Epilobiaceae . 515 90 Circaeaceae . 523 91 Trapaceae . 524 92 Gunneraceae . 524 Umbellales 93 Hederaceae . 526 94 Ammiaceae . 528 95 Nyssaceae . 537 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS II Gamopetalae Ericales 22 Lamiaceae . ■ • 591 i Clethraceae . . 540 23 Solanaceae . . . 61 1 2 Pyrolaceae . . 540 24 Scrophulariaceae . • ■ 615 3 Monotropaceae . . 543 25 Pinguiculaceae . • • 632 4 Ericaceae . . 544 26 Orobanchaceae . • • 636 5 Vacciniaceae . ...... 552 27 Bignoniaceae . ■ ■ 637 6 Diapensiaceae . . 557 28 Martyniaceae . • ■ 637 29 Acanthaceae . ■ • 638 Primulales 30 Phrymaceae . .. 638 7 Primulaceae . . 558 8 Armeriaceae . . 562 Plantaginales Ebenales 31 Plantaginaceae . .. 638 9 Ebenaceae . . 562 Rubiales Gentianales 10 Jasminaceae . 11 Spigeliaceae . . 562 . 565 32 Rubiaceae . 33 Caprifoliaceae . 34 Adoxaceae . . . 640 . . 646 • • 655 12 Gentianaceae . . 565 Valerinales 13 Menyanthaceae . . 57i •• 655 14 Apocynaceae . . 57i 35 Valeranaceae . 15 Asclepiadaceae . . 573 36 Dipsacaceae . • • 657 Polemoniales Campanulales 16 Convolvulaceae . . 576 37 Cucurbitaceae . .. 658 17 Cuscutaceae . . 578 38 Campanulaceae . 659 18 Polemoniaceae . . 580 39 Lobeliaceae . . . 661 19 Hydro phyllaceae . . 582 40 Cichoriaceae . .. 663 20 Boraginaceae . . 584 41 Ambrosiaceae . • • 674 21 Verbenaceae . . 590 42 Carduaceae . ■ • 677 Division i PTERIDOPHYTA* Family i OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Presl. Tent. Pterid. 10. 1836 Adder’s-tongue family OPHIOGLOSSUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 1062. 1753 Ophioglossum vulgatum L., l.c. Adder’s tongue In moist meadows, boggy depressions and damp thickets. Uncommon or locally abundant in most sections of the State. Apparently rare in the Susquehanna valley where it is reported from a single locality in northern Chenango county ( Clutc , FI. Upper Susquehanna 141. 1898). Rare in northern New York — Lisbon and Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. New¬ comb, Essex county, 1600 feet altitude, House. With certain sterile or impoverished conditions of the soil, depau¬ perate forms sometimes occur, which may not exceed 5 or 6 cm in height, but are fertile. Such plants represent forma pusillum (Raf.) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 42. 1923 ( 0 . pusillum Raf. Jour., Bot. Desv. (II) 4: 273. 1814, and 0. Grayi Beck Bot. N. & Mid. States 458. 1833). Forma arenarium (E. G. Britton) Clute ( O . arenarium E. G. Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 24: 555. pi. 318. 1897), occurs in sandy thickets near the seacoast. BOTRYCHIUM Sw. Schrad. Jour. Bot. 1800L no. 1801 1 Botrychium simplex Hitchc. Am. Jour. Sci. 6: 103. pi. 8. 1823 Little grape fern In thickets, pastures and meadows. Rare. Riverhead, Long Island, li. S. Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 3: 56. 1872). Wading River, Miller (l.c. 4: 42. 1873). Ithaca, Dudley (l.c. 9: 100. 1882). Pastures near Fall brook, Oneida county, and State marsh, Litchfield, Herkimer county, /. A. Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida county, 190. 1865). Otisco, Onondaga county, Cozvles (25th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. >108. 1873). Oswego, Wibbe (31st Rep't N. Y. State Mus. 53. 1879). Danby, Dudley (36th Rep’t, 40. 1884). Highlands of the Hudson, Barratt, and Rensselaer county, Doctor IVass (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 507. 1843). Oxford, Chenango county and Unadilla Forks, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 140. 1898). Washington county, Burnham (Am. Fern Jour. 6: 88. 1916). North Elba and Lake Placid, Essex county, Peck. Newcomb, House. Deerfield, Oneida county, Haberer. Baldwinsville, Onon¬ daga county, Beauchamp. Galway, Saratoga county, Phelps. Lisbon and Canton, St Lawrence county, Phelps. Conquest, Cayuga county, Metcalf & Griscom (Rhodora 19: 33. 1917). Fenton’s Fourth Lake, Lewis county, Mrs Barnes (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 352. 1879). *Acknowledgment is due William R. Maxon of the United States National Museum for critical review of the manuscript on Pteridophyta. 1121 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 13 Variable in size and cutting of the sterile blade, the recognizable forms in this State being: Forma simplicissimum (Milde). Var. simplicissimum Milde (Nova Acta XXVI 2: 666. 1858), the sterile blades simple or nearly so. Forma subcompositum (Milde). Var. subcompositum Milde (l.c. 667), the sterile blade stalked, 3-7-divided, the two lower segments somewhat distant and stalked, narrowed at the base, sometimes these again toothed or lobed. Forma compositum (Milde). Var. compositum Milde (l.c.), the sterile blade 3-divided, each segment stalked and again deeply lobed or divided. Forma cordatum (Fr.) B. Lunaria cordatum Fr. Summa Veg. 1: 251 1846; var. incision Midle, l.c.; var. cordatum A. & G. Syn. Mittleeur, FI. 1: 108. 1896), with the blade cordate or rounded with 3-7, subentire, toothed or divided segments, has not been seen from this State. 2 Botrychium Lunaria (L.) Sw., var. onondagense (Underw.) House. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 47. 1923 Onondaga moonwort or moon fern B. onondagense Underw. Torr. Club Bui. 30: 47. 1903 The New York variety of B. Lunaria, a circumboreal species, sometimes reported from this State, but of which no typical speci¬ mens have been seen. The variety was first found on moist hillsides in thickets, under or near Arbor Vitae, by Jane Hosmer, in June 1S72; by E. IV. Mundy, in 1873, and by Mrs S. M. Rust in 1876 (31st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 53. 1879, as B. Lunaria), and referred to by Davenport (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 177. 1877). Underwood also records it from Geddes farm, /. S'. Gifford, 1879; Jamesville road, Mrs Rust, and Split Rock, Underwood. All of the known localities are in Onon¬ daga county. 3 Botrychium tenebrosum A. A. Eaton, Fern Bui. 7 : 8. 1899 Eaton’s grape fern Moist woods and swamps. Rare. Riverhead, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 48. 1915). Deerfield, Oneida county, Hiaberer (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 94: 21. 1905). Beaver lake, Onondaga county, Beauchamp. A little known species, regarded by some as a slender form of B. simplex. It might also be a reduced form of B. Lunaria. 4 Botrychium neglectum Wood, Classbook, ed. 2, 635. 1847 Wood’s grape fern B. matricariaefolium Milde, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wein 19: 123. in part, 1869. Not A. Br. 1843 Grassy woods and swamps or on shaded moist slopes. Common across the State northward, chiefly outside of the Adirondacks, but not definitely known from Long Island. Forma gracile forma nova. Sterile blades small, subentire to pinnately lobed with 3-7 entire or subentire segments. Bald hill, Stamford, Delaware county, Dowell, July 5, 1909 (type). Boon- ville, Oneida, House. Deerfield, Hunt. Whitehall, Peck. 14 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 5 Botrychium angustisegmentum (Pease & Moore) Fernald, Rhodora 17: 87. 1915 Lance-leaved grape fern B. lanceolatum var. angustisegmentum Pease & Moore, Rhodora 8 : 229. 1906 Meadows and moist woods. Infrequent and local. First recorded as B. lanceolatum by J. A. Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 179, 186. 1865). Subsequent collections and reports indicate that it ranges across the State northward, outside of the higher Adirondack^, southward to Rockland county. Typical B. lanceo- latum is now regarded as more boreal in distribution and as not occurring in the eastern United States. 6 Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw., l.c. 111 Virginia grape fern Osmunda virginiana L. Sp. PI. 1064. 1753 B. gracilis Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 656. 1814 Botrypus virginicus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 274. 1803 Rich woods and thickets. Common. The variations of this species are described by F. K. Butters (Rhodora 19: 207. 1917). 7 Botrychium obliquum Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 63. 1810 Ternate grape fern B. cuneatum Desv. Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6 : 195. 1827 B. ternatum var. obliquum D. C. Eaton, Ferns N. Am. 1 : 149. 1878 B. dissectum forma obliquum Fernald, Rhodora 23: 151. 1921 Moist woods, thickets, meadows and slopes. Common in most sections of the State. Exceptionally variable. Var. elongatum Gilbert & Haberer, Fern Bui. n: 89. 1903 Oneida county, Haberer. Madison county, House. Ulster county, Mary F. Miller Var. Habereri Gilbert, Fern Bui. 11: 89. 1903. Reported from Whitesboro, Oneida county, Haberer Var. oneidense (Gilbert) Waters, Ferns 334. 1903. B. ternatum var. oneidense Gilbert, Fern Bui. 9 : 27. 1901 B. oneidense House, Am. Mid. Nat. 7 : 126. 1921 A plant of peculiar appearance, which may be, as designated by Waters, only a variety of B. obliquum. Known from Oneida county, Haberer; South Bay, Madison county, House (Torreya 3: 167. 1903). Bethlehem and Alcove, Albany county, Peck. Albany, House. Ulster county, Mary F. Miller B. obliquum var. dissectum (Spreng.) Prant‘1. Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 342. 1884. B. ternatum var. dissectum D. C. Eaton, l.c. 150. B. dissectum Spreng. Anleit. 3 : 172. 1804 B. obliquum f. dissectum House, l.c. 36. In low thickets and open shaded soil. Frequent. Sometimes quite distinctive in appearance, but often showing intermediate forms or gradations with the typical B. obliquum. C. J. Chamberlain (Bot. Gaz. 70: 385-398. 1920) suggests that this is a sterile mutant of ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 15 B. obliquum, which seems quite likely, as mature spores capable of germination apparently are never developed. From the point of view of nomenclatorial rules it is unfortunate that this form was described 6 years before B. obliquum. That it should be taken up as the name of the typical species (Fernald, Rhodora 23: 151. 1921, footnote) is most incongruous. 8 Botrychium silaifolium Presl. Rel. Haenk. 1 : 76. 1825 Leathery grape fern B. rutaefolium robustum Rupe., Milde, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. Carol. 26: 763. 1858 B. ternatum subvar. intermedium D. C. Eaton, l.c. 149 B. obliquum intermedium Underw. Native Ferns, ed. 6. 72. 1900 B. ternatum silaifolium Clute, Fern Bui. 11: 117. 1903 B. robustum Underw. Torr. Club Bui. 30: 51- 190 3 Moist meadows, sandy depressions, pastures and borders of woods. Infrequent or rare. Known from Washington and Warren counties westward to Genesee county and southward to Ulster and Otsego counties. 9 Botrychium matricariae (Schrank) Spreng. Syst. Veg. 4: 23. 1827 Northern grape fern Osmunda matricariae Schrank, Baier. FL 2: 419. 1789 B. rutaceum Sw., l.c. no B. matricarioides Willd. Sp. PI. 5 : 62. 1810 B. rutaefolium A. Br., Doll, Rhein. FI. 24. 1843 Low meadows and borders of woods and lakes. Infrequent across the northern part of the State, southward to Washington, Saratoga, Herkimer, Oneida and Lewis counties. Family 2 OSMUNDACEAE R. Br. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 1: 161. 1810 Royal fern family OSMUNDA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 1066. 1753 1 Osmunda cinnamonea L., l.c. Cinnamon fern ? 0. bipinnata L., l.c. 1065 0. alata Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 6 : 322. 1822 Swamps, low meadows and wet woods. Common. A discussion of the forms of this species by S. F. Blake will be found in Rhodora 15:154-156. 1913. 2 Osmunda regalis L., var. spectabilis (Willd.) A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 600. 1856 Royal fern 0. spectabilis Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 98. 1810 0. glaucesccns Link, Fil. Sp. 20. 1841 Low woods, marshes, swamps and moist or wet soil. Common. In the Adirondacks up to 3500 feet altitude. Infrequent or rare in the coastal sand region. i6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 3 Osmunda Claytoniana L., l.c. 1066 Interrupted fern O. interrupt a Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 273. 1803 O. basilaris Spreng. Anleit. 3 : 160. 1804 Swamps, moist woods and wet meadows. Common throughout most sections of the State and in the Adirondack^ up to 2500 feet altitude. Family 3 SCHIZAEACEAE Reichenb. Consp. 39. 1828 Climbing fern family LYGODIUM Sw., Schrad. Jour. Bot. 1800’: 106. 1801 Odontopteris Bernh., Schrad, l.c. 127. pi. 2. f. 4 Gisopteris Bernh., Schrad., l.c. Hydrogloss um Willd. Schr. Akad. Wiss. Erfurt. 1802: 20. 1802 Cteisium Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 275. 1803 Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw. Syn. Fil. 134. 1806 Climbing fern Gisopteris palmata Bernh., Schrad., l.c. Ilydroglossum palmatum Willd., l.c. Cteisium paniculatum Michx., l.c. Moist thickets and open woods. Greene and Chenango counties. Rare. Unknown in this State at the time of Torrey’s Flora (1843), an(^ first found at Hunter, Greene county, by Miss M. C. Reynolds (28th Rep't N. Y. State Mus. 84. 1876). McDonough, Chenango county, Mrs D. B. Fitch (46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 53. 1893). Family 4 POLYPODI ACEAE R. Br. Prodr. 1: 145. 1810 Fern family ONOCLEA L. Sp. PI. 1062. 1753 Onoclea sensibilis L., l.c. Sensitive fern Moist meadows, swamps and marshes. Common. The so-called var. obtusilobula (Schkuhr) Torrey, is an inter¬ mediate condition between the fertile and sterile fronds and occurs rather frecjuently, especially where the soil has been disturbed or the first growth of fronds destroyed. PTERETIS Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 268. 1818 Struthiopteris Willd. Enum. 1071. 1809. Not Scop. 1760 Matteccia Todaro, Giorn Sci. Nat. Palermo 1: 235. 1866 Pteretis nodulosa (Michx.) Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 4: 334. 1916 American ostrich fern Onoclea nodulosa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 272. 1803 (excl. syn. & loc. Caro- linae) .S’, nodulosa Desv. Men Soc. Linn. Paris 62 : 287. 1827 S. pcnsylvanica Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 289. 1810 S’, germanica var. pensylvanica Lowe, Ferns, Br. & Exot. 2 : 138. 1862 O. struthiopteris Am. Auth., not Linn. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 1 7 P. struthiopteris Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 197. 1915 M. nodulosa Fernald, Rhodora 17 : 164. 191S Moist thickets and woods, especially in rich alluvial soil along streams. Common throughout most sections of the State, but rare in some sections of the Adirondacks and apparently absent above 2500 feet altitude, and also absent from the coastal plain region of Long Island and Staten Island. WOODSIA R. Br. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 1: 158. 1810 1 Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br., l.c. Rusty woodsia A crostichum ilvensis L. Sp. PI. 1071. 1753 Nephrodinm rufidulum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 269. 1803 Woodsia rufidula Beck, Bot. 452. 1833 On exposed rocks and ledges. Frequent throughout the north¬ ern counties, the Adirondack and Lake Champlain regions (3000 feet altitude) and southward in the Fludson valley to the Catskill mountains. Elsewhere local or rare. Not reported from west of Onondaga county (cliffs east of Labrador pond), Moravia, Cayuga county (Dr Charles Atzvood), and Ithaca, C. S. Sheldon. The only station reported for the Sus¬ quehanna watershed is Unadilla Forks. It Fas been reported from, but is not definitely known, on Long Island. 2 Woodsia alpina (Bolton) S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 17. 1821 Alpine woodsia Acrostic hum alpinum Bolton, Fil. Brit. 76. 1790 A. hyperboreum Liljeb. Kgl. Vetensk. Akad. Nya Handl. 14: 201. 1793 Woodsia hyperborca R. Br., l.c. Moist rocks. Rare in the northern part of the State. Lake Avalanche, Peck (23d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 108. 1873, as W. glabella; 31st Rep’t 31. 1879). Cascade lakes, Peck. Edmonds ponds, Peck (34th Rep’t, 108. 11881). 3 Woodsia glabella R. Br., App. Frankl. Jour. 754. 1823 Smooth woodsia Known only from Little Falls, George Vasey, July 1847 in Sart- well herbarium (Hamilton College), Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 177. 1865). The specimens in the Sartwell herbarium have recently been reexamined and are this species without doubt. There is no record of its having been collected in this State since, although more than one collector has carefully examined the Little Falls region. The specimens by Peck from Lake Avalanche, prove to be W . alpina. 4 Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torrey, Cat. PI. Geol. Rep. N. Y. 195. 1840 Blunt-lobed woodsia Polypodium obtusum Spreng. Anleit. 3 : 92. 1804 _ ^ i8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Moist rocky ledges, rocks, banks and sometimes in open woods. Frequent from Lake Champlain southward in the Hudson valley to Westchester county. Rare or local on Long Island and Staten Island. Not reported from the Adirondack region, and reported as rare and local in the Susquehanna and Chenango valleys and in western New York. Var. angustata Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54: 960. 1902, with very narrow fronds, occurs in the Hudson highlands. DENNSTEDTIA Bernh., Schrad. Jour. Bot. 18002: 124. 1801 Dennstedtia punctilobula (Michx.) Moore, Ind. Fil. xcvii. 1 85^ Hay-scented fern Nephrodium punctilobulum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 268. 1803 Dicksonia pilosiuscula Willd. Enum. 107O. 1809 Dicksonia punctilobula Kunze, Am. Jour. Sci. (II) 6: 88. 1848 Moist, damp or cool woods and swamps, often on moist or rocky slopes, sometimes in moist meadows. Common or frequent in the northern, eastern and central portions of the State. Rare on Long Island and Staten Island and west of Wayne county. Frequent in the Catskill mountains and Chenango county, but uncommon or rare in the southern tier of counties from Broome county westward. FILIX Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 20, 558, 1763 Cystopteris Bernh., Schrad. Neues Jour. Bot. I2: 26. 1806 1 Filix bulbifera (L.) Underw. Native Ferns, Ed. 6, 119. 1900 Bulb-bearing fern Polypodium bulbiferum L. Sp. PL 1091. 175.3 Cystopteris bulbifera Bernh., l.c. 10 Wet rocks, ravines and alluvial soil along streams, sometimes in swamps. Common in the northern, eastern and central portions of the State, and below 3000 feet altitude in the Adirondacks. Absent or very rare on the coastal plain, and rare south of Dutchess, Columbia and Greene counties. Rare or at least not reported from the Catskill mountains, and uncommon or rare in the Susquehanna, Chemung and Tioga valleys. 2 Filix fragilis (L.) Gilib. Exerc. Phyt. 558. 1792 Brittle fern Polypodium fragile L., l.c. Cystopteris fragilis Bernh., l.c. 27. pi. 2.f. 9 On rocks, cliffs and less frequently in moist grassy woods. Com¬ mon northward across the State, in central New York and in the western counties of the State. Less common in the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania and unknown on Long ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS I9 Island. Very rare on Staten Island. Fairly common in the Hudson valley. Extremely variable, and numerous varieties and forms have been described. POLYSTICHUM Roth, in Roemer’s Arch. Bot. 2: 106. 1799 Aetopteron Ehrh. Beitr. 4 : 148. 1798 (nomina usualia) 1 Polystichum arcostichoides (Michx.) Schott, Gen. Fil. 1834 Christmas fern Nephrodium acrostichoidcs Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 267. 1803 Aspidium acrostichoides Sw. Syn. Fil. 44. 1806 Dryopteris acrostichoides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 812. 1891 Aetopteron acrostichoides House, Am. Fern Jour. 10: 88. 1920 In woods and on shaded slopes, especially in rocky soil. Common in most sections of the State. Rare, local or wanting in some parts of the Adirondacks and on Long Island. The forma incisum (Gray) House, comb. nov. ( Aspidium acrostichoides ;3. incisum Gray, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. 3: 238. 1835; A. Schweinitzii Beck. Bot. N. & Mid. States 449. 1833 ; Dryopteris a. var. Sclrweimtzii Underw. ; Polystichum a. var. Schweinitzii Small), with deeply incised pinnae, is occasion¬ ally found. A form with crisped, bilobed pinnae, has been described as forma recurvatum Clute. 2 Polystichum Braunii (Spenner) Fee, Gen. Fil. 278. 1852 Braun’s holly fern Aspidium Braunii Spenner, FI. Frib. 1 : 9. 1825 A. aciileatum var. Braunii Doell, Rhein. FI. 21. 1843 Dryopteris aculeata var. Braunii Underw. Native Ferns, Ed. 4, 112. 1893 D. Braunii Underw., Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. 1 : 15. 1896 Aetopteron Braunii House, l.c. Rocky woods. Infrequent or local in the Catskill mountains and the eastern Adirondack region. Reported from near Ilion, Herkimer county. Mountains of Essex county, Macrae (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 489. 1843). Stony Clove, Catskill mountains, Red field (24th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 101. 1872). Bushnellsville Clove near Sandaken, Rcdfield (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 331. 1879). Summit, Schoharie county, Griffins, Delaware county and Big Indian, Peck (31st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 53. 1879). Indian Pass, House. Lower Ausable lake and Bartlett mountain, Essex county, Peck (25th Rep’t, 108. 1873). North Elba, Edgar Tzveedy (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167: 36. 1913). Ldster county, Buchheister; Silver Bay, Lake George, Kemp; Hague, Warren county, Mrs E. Watrous (Burnham in Am. Fern Jour. 4: 1. 1914). Ilion ravine, Herkimer county, H. N. Simmons, in herbarium Gilbert (Fern Bui. 11: 102. 1903). Near Titus lake, Franklin county, C. H. French. Mrs Frances Theodora Parsons in How to Know the Ferns, states that this fern grows in Oswego county, a record which needs further confirmation. 20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM THELYPTERIS (Ruppius) Schmidel, Icon. PI. ed. 2. 45 pis. 10 and 13. 1762 Dryopteris Adans. Fam. PI. 2 : 20, 550. 1763 A s p i d i u m Sw., Schrad. Jour. Bot. 18002 : 29, in part. 1801 Subgenus Phegopteris (Fee) (Phegopteris Fee, Gen. Fil. 243. 1852) 1 Thelypteris Phegopteris (L.) Slosson, in Rydb. FI. Rocky’ Mountains 1043. I9iI7 Long beech fern Polypodium Phegopteris L. Sp. PI. 1098. 1753 Phegopteris polypodioides Fee, l.c. Dryopteris Phegopteris C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 284. 1905 Phegopteris Phegopteris Underw. ; Small in Torr. Club Bui. 20: 462. 1893 Moist woods and hillsides. Common throughout the Adirondack region and Lake George. Frequent in the Catskills and local south¬ ward to Westchester county. Rare or local in central and western New York, but frequent in the Susquehanna region (according to Clute) . 2 Thelypteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Weatherby, Rhodora 21: 179. 1919 Broad beech fern Poly podium hexagonopterum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 271. 1803 Phegopteris hexagonoptera Fee, l.c. Dryopteris hexagonoptera C. Chr., l.c. 270. In dry woods and on open slopes. Rare on Long Island and Staten Island. Common northward and in the Catskills and frequent or locally abundant in the central and western portions of the State. 3 Thelypteris Dryopteris (L.) Slosson, l.c. 1044 Oak fern Polypodium Dryopteris L. Sp. PI. 1093. 1753 Phegopteris Dryopteris Fee, l.c. Dryopteris Lmncana C. Chr., l.c. 275 D. Dryopteris C. Chr. Bui. Acad. Internat. Geog. Bot. 201 : 15,1. 1909 In moist woods, thickets and swamps, especially under Arbor Vitae and other conifers. Common northward across the State, less frequent or local westward and southward. Reported but not definitely known from Long Island. Subgenur, Thelypteris (proper) , 4 Thelypteris Thelypteris (L.) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 233-234 : 69. 1922 Marsh shield fern Acrostichum Thelypteris L. Sp. PI. 1071. 1753 Aspidium Thelypteris Sw., l.c. 40 Thelypteris palustris Schott, Gen. Fil., note under pi. 10. 1834 Dryopteris Thelypteris A. Gray, Man. 630. 1848 Marshes, wet woods and low meadows. Common. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 21 5 Thelypteris simulata (Davenport) Nieuwland, Am. Mid. Nat. i : 226. 1910 Dodge’s shield fern Aspidium simulatum (and Dryopteris simulata) Davenport, Bot. Gaz. 19: 497. 1894 In low woodlands and wooded swamps. More rarely in open marshes. Perhaps of hybrid origin between the preceding and the next following species. Middle Village, Long Island, Hnlst (54th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 144. 1901). Babylon, Long Island, Clute (Torr. Club Bui. 26: 3311. 1899). Hempstead, Long Island, Mrs E. G. Britton (Tor- reya 2: 188. 1902). Quogue, Long Island, Kobbe (Torreya 4: 68. 1904). Richmond county, Dowell (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 116: 35. 1907). Sylvan Beach, Oneida county. House (Torreya 3: 116. 1903). Orient, Long Island, Burnham & Latham (Torreya 14: 229. 1914)- Fourth lake, Herkimer county and Horseshoe, St Lawrence county, Benedict (Torreya 8: 285. 1908). New London, Oneida county, House. Newcomb, Essex county, 1600 feet altitude, House. 6 Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwland, l.c. New York fern Polypodium noveboracense L. Sp. PI. 1091. 1753 Aspidium noveboracensis Sw., l.c. 38 Dryopteris noveboracensis A. Gray, l.c. Moist thickets, woods and swamps. Common throughout most sections of the State. Subgenus Dryopteris (Adans.) (Dryopteris Adans.) 7 Thelypteris fragrans (L.) Nieuv/land, l.c Fragrant shield fern Polypodium fragrans L. Sp. PI. 1089. 1753 Aspidium fragrans Sw., l.c. 35 Dryopteris fragrans Schott, Gen. Fil. 1834 On rocks in the northern part of the State. Rare and with approximately the same distribution as Woodsia alpina. Lake Avalanche, Peck (23d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 50. 1872). Edmonds ponds, Peck (34th Rep’t, 57. 1881). Near Titus lake, Franklin county, C. H. French. The typical form of the species is said by Fernald (Rhodora 25: 3. 1923) to occur only far north of our range. The form in New York is described as var. Hookeriana Fernald. 8 Thelypteris cristata (L.) Nieuwland, l.c. Crested shield fern Polypodium cristatum L. Sp. PI. 1090. 1753 Aspidium cristatum Sw., l.c. 37 Dryopteris cristata A. Gray, l.c. 631 22 NEW YORK STATE “MUSEUM In low woods and open swamps or marshes. Common or frequent throughout most sections of the State, except on Long Island and Staten Island, where it is somewhat local or rare. Hybrids Thelypteris cristata x intermedia D. cristata x intermedia Dowell, Torr. Club Bui. 35 : V36. 1908 Aspidium Bootii Tuckerm. Hovey’s Mag. 9: 145. 1843 Dryopteris Bootii Underw. Native Ferns, ed. 4, 117. 1893 Thelypteris Bootii Nieuwland, l.c. Frequent wherever the two parent species are found growing together. Thelypteris cristata x spinulosa Victorin, Les Fil. Que. 48. 1923 Aspidium cristatum x spinulosa Milde, Nov. Acad. Leop. -Carol, 26: 533. 1856 D. cristata x spinulosa C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 259. 1905 Thelypteris cristata x dilatata var. americana Typical forms of T. dilatata are quite rare in the northeastern states, and doubtless most of the hybrids of T. cristata and T. dilatata (so-called) should be referred here. T. dilatata var. americana, is the common representative of T. dilatata throughout the Adirondacks and central New York. Where this hybrid occurs in the Adirondack region it is difficult to distinguish it from the preceding and usually only the presence of the two parent species and the immediate absence of T. spinulosa serves to identify it. Thelypteris cristata x marginalis Victorin, l.c. D. cristata x marginalis Davenport, Bot. Gaz. 19 : 497. 1894 Occasionally reported from various sections of the State. 9 Thelypteris Clintoniana (D. C. Eaton) House, l.c. Clinton’s shield fern Aspidium cristatum var. majus D. C. Eaton, 18 Rep’t Regents, 178. 1865; l.c. 203. 1866 (name only) A. cristatum var. Clintonianum D. C. Eaton; A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 665. 1867 D. cristata var. Clintoniana Underw. Native Ferns, ed. 4, 1 1 5. 1893 D. Clintoniana Dowell, Proc. Staten Isl. Assoc. Arts & Sci. 1 : 64. 1906 T. cristata var. Clintoniana Weatherby, Rhodora 21 : 177. 1919 In low woods and swamps. Locally abundant across the State northward outside of the higher Adirondacks. Less frequent south¬ ward and rare on Long Island and Staten Island. Hybrids Thelypteris Clintoniana x marginalis Victorin.. l.c. 49 D. Clintoniana x marginalis Slosson, Torr. Club Bui. 37 : 202. 1910 Thelypteris Clintoniana x Goldiana Victorin, l.c. D. Goldiana cclsa Palmer, Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash. 13: 65. 1899 D. Clintoniana x Goldiana Dowell, Torr. Club Bui. 35: 13 7. 1908 Thelypteris Clintoniana x intermedia D. Clintoniana x intermedia Dowell, l.c. 136 Thelypteris Clintoniana x dilatata var. americana Rare in the central and northern sections of the State and the lower eleva¬ tions of the Adirondack mountains. Thelypteris Clintoniana x spinulosa Victorin, l.c. D. Clintoniana x spinulosa Benedict, Torr. Club Bui. 36: 45. 1909 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 23 10 Thelypteris Goldiana (Hook.) Nieuwland, l.c. Goldie’s shield fern Aspidium Goldianutn Hook. Edinb. Phil. Jour. 6 : 333. 1822 Dryopteris Goldiana A. Gray, Man. 631. 1848 In rich woods, usually in moist soil. Rare or local. Not reported from Long Island and rare on Staten Island. More frequent and locally abundant northward and westward in the State. Occurs at 2000 feet altitude near Newcomb, Essex county. Hybrids Thelypteris Goldiana x intermedia D. Goldiana x intermedia Dowell, Torr. Club Bui. 35: 138. 1908 Thelypteris Goldiana x marginalis Victorin, l.c. 50 D. Goldiana x marginalis Dowell, l.c. 139 Thelypteris Goldiana x spinulosa Nephrodium cristatum Clintonianum f. silvaticum Poyser, Fern Bui. 16: 13. 1908 D. Goldiana x spinuulosa Benedict, Torr. Club Bui. 36 : 47. 1909 pi Thelypteris marginalis (L.) Nieuwland, l.c. Evergreen wood fern, marginal shield fern Polypodium marginale L. Sp. Pi. 1091. 1753 Aspidium marginale Sw., l.c. 35 Dryopteris marginalis A. Gray, l.c. 632 Rocky woods, ravines and hanks. Common across the State in most localities, but rare on Long Island, and rare, local or absent in some sections of the Adirondacks. Hybrids Thelypteris marginalis x spinulosa D. pittsfordensis Slosson, Rhodora 6 : 75.. 1904 N ephrodium pittsfordense Davenp. Rhodora 6 : 76. 1904, as syn. Aspidium spinulosum x marginale Eggleston, Rhodora 6: 138. 1904 D. marginalis x spinulosa Slosson, Fern Bui. 16: 99. 1908 T. pittsfordensis Victorin, l.c. 51 Reported from several localities in New York. 12 Thelypteris spinulosa (Muell.) Nieuwland, l.c. Spinulose shield fern Polypodium spinulosum Muell. FI. Fridr. 193. /. 2. 1767 Aspidium spinulosum Sw., l.c. 38 Dryopteris spinulosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 813. 1891 In moist, rich woodlands, usually in shaded situations. Frequent in the Adirondack region, central New York, northern New York and the western part of the State. Rare or local in southeastern New York. 13 Thelypteris dilatata (Hoffm.) House, l.c. Spreading shield fern Polypodium dilatatum Hoffm. Deutsch. FI. 2 : 7. 1795 Dryopteris dilatata A. Gray, l.c. 631 D. spinulosa var. dilatata Watt, Can. Nat. II. 13: 159. 1867; Underw. Native Ferns, ed. 4, 116. 1893 24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The typical form of this species is common in Europe, abundant on the Pacific slope especially in the northwest, but very rare in the northeastern states. It is characterised by having the margins of the indusia glandular-ciliate, and the scales of the rachis lance- attenuate, dark-brown, usually blackish and of comparatively firm texture and usually persistent. It was described by Gilbert (Fern Bui. 8 : io. 1900) as D. spinulosa var. glandulosa ; and (List N. Am. Pterid. 37. 1901 ) as Nephrodium spinulosum frnctuosum. Var. americana (Fischer) House, l.c. Aspidium spinulosum var. americanum Fischer (accoring to Kunze, Am. Jour. Sci. (II) 6: 84. 1848) A. campylopterum Kunze, l.c. A. spinulosum var. dilatatum f. anadenium Robinson, Rhodora 9: 84. 1907 D. spinulosa var. americana Fernald, Rhodora 17: 48. 1915 D. dilatata var. americana Benedict, Am. Fern Jour. 6: 34. 1916 T. spinulosa var. americana Weatherby, Rhodora 21 : 178. 1919 Rocky woodlands in the mountainous and upland sections of the State. Not common outside of the higher elevations. Locally fre¬ quent in the higher Catskill mountains of Greene, Ulster and Dela¬ ware counties, and on many of the mountainous wooded slopes of the Adirondack and Lake George regions. Scarce in central New York. Reported from Monroe county and apparently very rare in the southern tier of counties. 14 Thelypteris intermedia (Muhl.) House, l.c. American shield fern Polypodium intermedium Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PL 5: 262. 1810 Dryopteris intermedia A. Gray, l.c. D. spinulosa var. intermedia Underw. Native Ferns, ed. 4, 116. 1893 T. spinulosa var. intermedia Weatherby, Rhodora 21 : 178. 1919 Moist woodlands, thickets and recently cleared banks. Common throughout most sections of the State. Hybrids Thelypteris intermedia x marginalis D. intermedia x marginalis Benedict, Torr. Club Bui 36: 45. 1909 ANCHISTEA Presl. Epim. Bot. 71. 1851 Anchistea virginica (L.) Presl., l.c. Virginia chain fern Blechnum virginicum L. Mant. 2: 307. 1771 Woodwardia virginica J. E. Smith, Mem. Acad. Turin, 5: 412. 1793 Blechnum carolinianum Walt. FI. Car. 257. 1788 IV. Banisteriana Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 263. 1803 In swamps, often in shallow water. Common in southern New York and locally abundant northward to Lake George and St Law¬ rence counties, outside of the Adirondacks, westward to Monroe, Wyoming and Erie counties. Not reported from the Catskill moun¬ tains. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 25 LORINSERIA Presl. Epim. Bot. 72. 1851 Lorinseria areolata (L.) Presl., l.c. Net-veined chain fern Acrostichum areolatum L. Sp. PI. 1069. 1 753 IVoodwardia angustifolia J. E. Smith, l.c. 41 1 IV. areolata Moore, Ind. Fil. xlv. 1857 In swamps and moist soil, frequently in shallow water. Frequent or locally 'abundant along the coastal region of southeastern New York. Not reported north of Westchester county. PHYLLITIS (Gleditsch) Scop. FI. Carn. 171. 1760 Scolopendrium Adans. Fam. PL 2: 20. 1763 Phyllitis Scolopendrium (F.) Newm. Hist. Ferns, ed. 2. 10. 1844 Hart’s tongue Asplenium Scolopendrium L. Sp. PI. 1079. 1753 S', vulgare J. E. Smith, l.c. 421 S'. Scolopendrium Karst. Deutsch. FI. 278. 1880-83 On shaded limestone cliffs and depressions in Onondaga and Madison counties. Found at Chittenango Falls, Madison county, by William Cooper, about 1830, which remained until 1857 the only known locality, although it was earlier discovered at Geddes, Onondaga county, by Frederick Pursh , on July 20, 1807. The Geddes locality was redis¬ covered by members of the Syracuse Botanical Club in 187Q. In March 1866, Lends Foote found it 5 miles southeast of Syracuse and in June of the same year J . A. Paine jr found it at “ Little Lakes” (Green pond and White or Blue lake), 1 mile west of Jamesville. In July 1898 it was discovered at Perryvile, Madison county by Miss Murray Ledyard of Cazenovia. A full and interesting account of the occurrence of this fern in America is given by William R. Maxon, in Fernwort Papers, pp. 30-46. December 1909. See also: 18th Rep’t Regents, 176. 1865. 19th Rep’t, 79-80. 1866. Torn Club Bui. 6: 345-347. 1879: 24: 217. 1897. Bui. N. Y. State Mus. 179: 43. 1915. A still later account is given by Mabel R. Hunter (Am. Jour. Bot. 9: 28-36. 1922). The writers on British ferns recognize a very large number of forms of this species, some of which depart extraordinarily from the normal form. A few of these, at least, occur in New York State, but have never been fully investigated. CAMPTOSORUS Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 69. 1833 1 Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link, l.c. Walking fern Asplenium rhizophyllus L. Sp. PI. 1078. 1753 On shaded rocks and cliffs, usually limestone. Unknown on Long- Island and Staten Island. Local or rare from Westchester and Rockland counties northward and westward, but rather abundant on exposed limestone formations from the Catskill region northward to Lake George and westward across the State, and reported from 26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM a few stations in the northern part of the State (Lake Bonaparte, Lewis county, House; Pierrepont, Fowler and Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps). Apparently absent from the higher Adirondack's. 2 Camptosorus pinnatifida (Nutt.) Wood, Am. Bot. & Flor. 373. 1870. Pinnatifid spleenwort Asplenium pinnatifidum Nutt. Gen. 2: 251. 1818 On rocks and ledges. Connecticut to Missouri and southward. Not definitely known from this State hut to be looked for in the lower Hudson valley. The genus Camptosorus is too closely allied to Asplenium. Its typical species is known to hybridize with Asplenium, and if Phegopteris is to be merged into Thelypteris (Dryopteris), it would seem to be logical to unite Camptosorus with Asplenium. ASPLENIUM L. Sp. PI. 1078. 1753 1 Asplenium ebenoides R. R. Scott, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc. 87. 1866 On limestone rocks and ledges. Very rare from Saratoga county southward. Wilton, Saratoga county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. Dutchess and Ulster counties, Clarence Lown (Torr. Club Bui. 7: 96. 1880 ; 36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 36. 1884). By experimentation Margaret Slosson (Torr. Club Bui. 29: 487-495. 1902) has proved that this fern is a hybrid between Asplenium platyneuron and Camptosorus rhizophyllus, and if the latter species is transferred to Asplenium, where it doubtless belongs, the plant should be called Asplenium platyneuron x rhizophyllum. 2 Asplenium platyneuron (L) Oakes; D. C. Eaton, N. Am. Ferns 1 : 24. 1878 Ebony spleenwort Acrostichum platyneuron L. Sp. PI. 1069. 175.3 Asplenium ebeneum Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 462. 1789 On rocks and banks, usually in thin woods and sometimes in sandy soil. Common in the southern part of the State and in the southern tier of counties. Frequent in the Hudson valley northward to Lake Champlain. Rare or largely absent from the Adirondack region. Frequent in Central New York and northward to St Lawrence county. Infrequent or rare in the western counties. Var. incisum (E. C. Howe) Robinson, Rhodora 10: 30. 1908. A. ebeneum var. incisum E. C. Howe, 22d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 104. 1869. A. ebeneum var. Hortonae Davenp. Rhodora 3: 1. t. 22. 1901 Rare in Rensselaer, Washington and Herkimer counties. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 27 3 Asplenium Trichomanes L. Sp. PL 1080. 1753 Maidenhair spleenwort On rocks and ledges, preferring limestone. Not reported from the extreme western and southwestern counties of the State. Rare in Genesee and Monroe counties, becoming more frequent in the lime¬ stone region of central New York and eastward to the Hudson valley. Extremely rare and largely absent from the Adirondack region. Not reported from south of Dutchess and Rockland counties. 4 Asplenium Ruta-muraria L. Sp. PI. 1081. 1753 Wall-rue spleenwort On limestone rocks and cliffs. Rare and local. Westchester and Rockland counties northward to Lake George, the Helderberg mountains of Albany county, cliffs of the Mohawk valley near Fonda, Palatine Bridge and Little Falls, Perryville and Chit- tenango Falls, Madison county and Jamesville and Apullia, Onon¬ daga county. Not reported from west of Onondaga county, nor from the region covered by Clute’s Flora of the Upper Susquehanna (but should be looked for in the upper Unadilla valley and the headwaters of the Susquehanna). Not reported from the Adiron- dacks. Luerssen recognizes about 10 forms of this species as occurring in Europe, where the species shows the utmost diversity. A similar series of forms occurs in the United States, though probably not quite so extensive, but these have never received careful investigation. Christ has also published a long paper dealing with the many European forms. 5 Asplenium montanum Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 342. 1810 Mountain spleenwort On dry or moist rocks and cliffs, southern New York. Very rare. Precipitous rocks on Lake Mohonk, Paltz Point, Ulster county, H. Denslow (Torr. Club Bui. 3: 2. 1872). Shawangunk moun¬ tains, Ulster county, C. E. Smith (l.c. 9: 83. 1882). Ulster, Sul¬ livan and Delaware and Greene counties, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 60. 1915). 6 Asplenium Bradleyi D. C. Eaton, Torr. Club Bui. 4:11. 1873 Bradley’s spleenwort On rocks, preferring limestone, southern New York. Very rare. Shawangunk mountains, Ulster county, Clarence Town (36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 40. 1884). Near Newburg, 1864, D. C. Eaton (Torr. Club Bui. 10 : 6. 1883) ; C. H. Peck (33d Rep’t N. Y. State Museum 18. 1880) ; Taylor (1. c. 60) ; Prets (Am. Fern Jour. 1:139. I9IO). 28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ATHYRIUM Roth, Roemer’s Arch. Bot. 2: 105. 1799 1 Athyrium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Tidestrom, Elys. Marianum 36. 1906 Narrow-leaved spleenwort Asplenium angustifolium Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 265. 1803. Not Jacq. 1786 Asplenium pycnocarpon Spreng. Anleit. 3: 112. 1804 Athyrium angustifolium Milde. Bot. Zeit 37 6. 1866 Diplazium angustifolium Butters, Rhodora 19: 178. 1917 In moist woods and shaded ravines. Locally abundant across the middle part of the State. Not reported from south of the Catskill mountains in Greene and Delaware counties ( Taylor , l.c.). Gnadilla Forks and Van Etten (only stations cited by Clute, Flora Upper Susquehanna, 135. 1898). Not reported from the Adirondacks. Frequent in central New York, but uncommon or rare from Onondaga county west¬ ward. Not reported or at least very rare in the Upper Hudson valley and the Lake George region. 2 Athyrium thelypteroides (Michx.) Desv. Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 266. 1827 Silvery spleenwort Asplenium acrostichoidcs Sw., in Schrad. Jour. Bot. 18002 : 54. 1801. Not Athyrium acrostichoidcs Bory, 1836 Asplenium thelypteroides Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 265. 1803 Athyrium acrostichoidcs Diels, in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. i1 : 223. 1899 Diplazium acrostichoidcs Butters, l.c. Rare on Long Island and Staten Island. Increasingly abundant or common northward in low or moist woodlands and marshy places throughout most sections of the State north and west of Putnam and Rockland counties. The two preceding species are regarded by Butters (Rhodora 19: 178. 1917) as belonging more properly to the genus Diplazium. 3 Athyrium angustum (Willd.) Presl. Rel. Haenk. 1 : 39. 1825 Northern lady fern Aspidium angustum Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 277. 1810 Asplenium Michauxii Spreng. Syst. 4: 88. 1827 A. filix-fomeina var. Michauxii Mett. Uber Farngat, vi. Asplen. 199. 1859 Asplenium filix-foemina and Athyrium filix-foemina (in part) of New York reports In open sunny marshes and wet places, or less frequently in open woods and thickets. Common throughout most sections of the State north of the coastal plain. According to Butters (Rhodora 19: 188-197. 1917), this differs from the next species by having the rhizome horizontal or some¬ what oblique, completely concealed by the thick fleshy bases of the old fronds; scales of the stipes usually dark brown, their cells very narrow and with thick, usually dark walls ; frond widest near the middle ; indusia usually toothed or short ciliate, or rarely long ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 29 ciliate, never glandular; spores yellow-brown, smooth or sparingly papillate. The typical form has dimorphic fronds, the fertile coriaceous, contracted ; sori at maturity confluent and covering the lower side of the fertile pinnules. Var. elatius (Link) Butters, l.c. 191 Asplenium elatius Link, Fil. Sp. 94. 1841 This differs from the typical form in having the pinnae of the fertile fronds 1-2 dm long, pinnules 12-25 mm long, pinnatifid, sori several on each of the lower segments, often horseshoe shaped ; pinnules of the sterile fronds oblong lanceolate, strongly toothed or pinnatifid and somewhat acute. Not uncommon, especially in shaded swamps and wet woods. Var. rubellum (Gilbert) Butters, l.c. 193 Asplenium Filix-foemina rubellum Gilbert, List N. Am. Pterid. 35. 1901 Fronds not dimorphic, coriaceous nor contracted; pinnules dimin¬ ishing in size regularly toward the tip of the pinnae and standing at a v/ide angle to the rachis of the pinna, often connected by a mem¬ braneous wing along the rachis of the pinna, teeth of the segments of the pinnules obtuse ; pinnules lanceolate, subacute. Common in shaded situations throughout the State. Butters (l.c. 193) regards this as the “ fundamental biological type, from which all the other varieties and forms have been derived.” The stems are not always reddish, nor is the rachis of the pinna always winged. The following three forms are found occasionally throughout the State without definite geographical range. Athyrium angustum, forma elegans (Gilbert) Butters, l.c. 196 Athyrium angustum, forma laciniatum Butters, l.c. 195 Athyrium angustum, forma confertum Butters, l.c. 195 4 Athyrium asplenioides (Michx.) Desv. Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 266. 1827 Southern lady fern N ephrodium asplenioides Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 268. 1803 Asplenium Athyrium Spreng. Anleit. 3: 113. 1804 In low woods, swamps and marshy places. Frequent on Staten Island and occasional on Long Island and south of the Hudson Highlands. Differs from the preceding by the rhizome creeping; not densely covered with the persistent bases of the fronds ; scales of the stipes very few, seldom persistent, rarely over 4 mm long, their cells rela¬ tively broad and with pale walls ; fronds widest near the base ; indusia ciliate, the cilia ending in glands ; spores nigrescent, reticu¬ lated or wrinkled. The typical form has pinnules under 15 mm long, oblong to oblong-linear and obtuse. Forma subtripinnatum Butters, l.c. 190; with pinnules about 2 cm long, triangular lanceolate, pinnatifid with oblong obtuse segments, occurs from Massachusetts southward and may be looked for in southern New York. 30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ADIANTUM L. Sp. PI. 1094. 1753 Adiantum pedatum L., l.c. 1095 Maiden-hair fern In rich or moist woods and wooded slopes. Common in most sections of the State northward and westward, but rare on the coastal plain of Long Island. PTERIDIUM Scop. FI. Carn. 169. 1760 Pteridium latiusculum (Desv.) Maxon, Am. Fern Jour. 9: 43. 1919 Common brake, braken Ptcris latiuscula Desv. Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6 : 303. 1827 Pteris aquilina, of American reports. Not L. In sterile or sandy soil in fields and thickets, rarely in woodlands. Very common in most sections of the State, but rather scarce in some of the limestone regions. Var. pseudocaudatum (Clute) Maxon, l.c. 44 (as subsp.) Pteris aquilina var. pseudocaudatum Clute, Fern Bui. 8: 39. 1900 Common on the coastal plain of Long Island and on Staten Island. CRYPTOGRAMMA R. Br. App. Frankl. Jour. 767. 1823 Cryptogramma Stelleri (S. G. Gmel.) Prantl. in Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 3: 413. 1882 Slender cliff brake Pteris Stelleri S. G. Gmel. Nov. Com. Acad. Petrop. 12: 519. pi. 12. f. 1. 1768 Pellaca gracilis Flook. Sp. Fil. 138. T858 Pteris gracilis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 262. 1803 Pellaca Stelleri Baker, in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 453. 1868 On rocks and cliffs, preferring limestone. Rare. Head of Plattekill Clove, Ulster county, Mrs Charles Beach (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 150: 39. 1912). Helderberg mountains, Albany county; cliffs along the Mohawk valley; Trenton Falls; Boonville, Oneida county and along the Black river near Watertown, Jefferson county. Taberg, Oneida county, Perryville and Chittenango Falls, Madison county ; Jamesville and Skaneateles lake, Onondaga county. Yates county, Sartwell. Not reported from west of Yates county. Rare in the Lake George region and in the eastern Adirondack^ (Ausable Chasm, Hazen 1; Edmonds ponds and Minerva, Essex county, Peck). Pitcairn, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. PELLAEA Link, Fil. Hort. Berol. 59. 1841 Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link, l.c. Purple-stemmed cliff brake Pteris atropurpurea L. Sp. PI. 1076. 1753 On rocks and cliffs, preferring limestone. Locally abundant. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 31 Lake George region south to Orange, Dutchess, Greene and Ulster counties. Frequent on the cliffs of the Mohawk valley; Trenton Falls, Chittenango Falls; Jamesville; Penn Yan ( Sartwell ), Crooked lake and near Ithaca. Not reported from the Adirondack moun¬ tains or from the Chemung, Susquehanna or Tioga valleys. Near Le Roy, Genesee county, Baxter. Sylvia lake, Fowler, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. Pellaea glabella Mett. ; Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 1869, is reported by Butters (Am. Fern Jour. 7: 77-87. .1917) from several localities in western Vermont and may be looked for in the eastern Adiron¬ dack region and about Lake George. CHEILANTHES Sw. Syn. Fil. 126. 1806 Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) Watt, Trimen’s Jour. Bot. 12: 48. 1874 Hairy lip fern N ephrodium lanosum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 270. 1803 Cheilanthes vestita Sw., l.c. 128 On rocks. Rare in southeastern New York. Formerly frequent on Manhattan Island (Torr. Club Bui. 7: 114. 1880; 15: 211. 1888; Taylor, FI. Vic. N. Y. 61. 1915). Two miles below Poughkeepsie on the east side of the Hudson river, Clarance Town (36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 40. 1884). POLYPODIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 1082. 1753 Polypodium virginianum L., l.c. 1085 American polypody P. vulgare var. virginianum Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 373. 1818 P. vulgare, p. amePicanum Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 258. 1840 P. vulgare of N. Y. Reports, Not L. (cf. Fernald, Rhodora 24: 125-142. 1922) P. virginianum is said to differ from the P. vulgare of Europe by having a softer and more spongy, not sweet, rootstock, with darker scales of different shape and structure ; midribs of pinnae straight (commonly curving at the base in P. vulgare) , and sori nearly marginal (commonly median in P. vulgare). On rocks and rocky banks, less commonly in open woods, or rarely on fallen logs or about the bases of old trees in swamps. Common in most sections of the State. Fernald (l.c) lists the following forms, several of which have been found in this State, and all of which may be looked for. Forma acuminatum (Gilbert) Fernald, l.c. 141 ( P . vulgare acuminatum Gilbert, Fern Bui. 10 : 13. 1902. P. vulgare var. angustum Am. Auth., not Muell. P. vulgare var. attenuatum Am. Auth., not Milde) Forma elongatum (Jewell) Fernald, l.c. ( P . vulgare f. elongata Jewell, Maine Woods xxx. No. 31 : 3. 1908) Forma brachypteron (Ridlon) Fernald, l.c. ( P . vulgare f. rotundatum Ridlon, Am. Fern Jour, n : 48. t. 1. 1921, not Milde. P. vulgare f. brachy¬ pteron Ridlon, l.c. 122) 32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Forma subsimplex Fernald, l.c. (Described from New Hampshire) Forma deltoideum (Gilbert) Fernald, l.c. ( vulgare formae deltoideum and hastatum Gilbert, Fern Bui. 14: 37. 1906. P. vulgare f. auritum Buch- heister, Am. Bot. 5: 56. /. 3. 1903, not Willd.) Forma bipinnatifidum Fernald, l.c. ( P . vulgare var. cambricum of N. Y. Reports, not Willd.) Forma chondroides Fernald, l.c. 142 (P. vulgare var. bifidoniultifiduni Gil¬ bert, Fern Bui. 14: 39. 1906, not Druery) Forma alato-multifidum (Gilbert) Fernald, l.c. ( P . vulgare var. alato- multifidum Gilbert, l.c. 14 : 105. 1906) Forma Churchiae (Gilbert) Fernald, l.c. ( P . vulgare var. Churchiae Gil¬ bert, Fern Bui. 14: 39. 1906) The gray polypody, or tree fern (Polypodium polypodioides) (L.) Watt, has been found on driftwood on the Staten Island shore, although its natural range is from Virginia southward. Family 5 MARSILEACEAE R. Br. Nov. Holl. 1 : 166. 1810 Marsilea family MARSILEA L. Sp. PI. 1099. 1753 Marsilea quadrifolia L., l.c. European marsilea, pepperwort Native of Europe and Asia. Supposed to be indigenous at Ban¬ tam lake, Connecticut, and introduced into ponds and slow streams in various parts of the eastern United States, especially on Staten Island and in the vicinity of New York City. Family 6 SALVINIACEAE Reichenb. Consp. 30. 1828 SALVINIA Adans. Farm PI. 2: 15. 1763 Salvinia natans (L.) Hoffm., widely distributed in Europe and Asia, and supposed to be indigenous in Perry county, Missouri, was reported by Pursh in 1814 from central New York, but if rightly so, the locality has never been rediscovered. As shown by Weatherby (Am. Fern Jour. 11 : 50-53. 1921), the record for Staten Island was based upon planted specimens of Salvinia auriculata var. Olfersiana Klotzsch., which did not survive long. AZOLLA Lam. Encycl. 1: 343. 1783 Azolla caroliniana Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 541- 1810 Carolina azolla Floating on quiet water. Locally abundant in central New York and along Lake Ontario. Frequent in most of the quiet waters of the bays and inlets of Lake Ontario from Henderson Harbor to Niagara river. Black creek near Oneida lake, H. A. Worne (28th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 85. 1876). Staten Island, where probably introduced, Hensliaw (Torr. Club Bui. 14: 35. 1887; 22: 462. 1895). Family 7 EQUISETACEAE Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 281. 1803 Horsetail family ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 33 EQUISETUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 1061. 1753 1 Equisetum arvense L., l.c. Field horsetail In loose or sandy soil, especially along roadsides, railroads and recently disturbed soil. Very common and assuming several di¬ verse forms. 2 Equisetum pratense Ehrh. Hanov. Mag. 22: 138. 1784 Thicket or meadow horsetail E. umbrosum J. G. F. Mey. in Willd. Enum. 1065. 1809 In sandy, usually alluvial soil, along streams. Apparently rare or at least overlooked. The only collection from New York State in the Gray herbarium (according to Fernald) is from Potsdam, Mrs 0. P. Phelps 1368. 1915 3 Equisetum silvaticum L., l.c. Wood horsetail, bottlebrush E. montanum Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2 : 206. 1818 In moist sandy woods and thickets. Locally abundant in most sections of the State, especially northward. Our form of the species belongs to the var. pauciramosum Milde (Mon. Equiset. 292. t. p. f. 2. i865). 4 Equisetum palustre L., l.c. Marsh horsetail Locally distributed across the northern part of the State. Rare in shallow water of the bays and inlets along the shore of Lake Ontario (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 131. 1896; 5: 35. 1910). Near Buffalo, Clinton (Gray’s Man. ed. 4, Add. ci. 1863; 19th Rep’t N. Y. State Museum 203. 1866). Lake Bonaparte, Lewis county, Peck (42d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 37. 1889). Panther lake, near Constantia, Oswego county, House. Shore of Lake Ontario near Woodville, Jefferson county, House 8161. Not reported from southern New York. A variety ramosissimum Peck, is described from Strawberry Island, near Buffalo, Clinton (25th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. to 7. 1873). 5 Equisetum litorale Kuehl. ; Rupr. Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich. 4: 91. 1845 Shore horsetail, joint grass On sandy river and lake shores. Local. Regarded by Doctor Schaffner as probably not a good species. Ascherson & Graebner (Syn. Mitteleurop. FI. 1: 136. 1896) regard it as a hybrid between E. arvense and E. fluviatile (E. Heleocharis). Oswego, /. H. Wibbe (Torr. Club Bui. 10: 46. 1883). Oswego, C. S. Sheldon. Knight’s Island, Lake Champlain, Morong (Torr. Club Bui. 14: 52. 1887). Bonaparte swamp, Lewis county, House. Oneida lake shore in Madison and Oneida counties, F. V. Coville 2 34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM (426. Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 16. 1889) > House, (Torreya 3: 167. 1903) ; Haberer (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54: 960. 1902). Milde has described several varieties of this variable plant. 6 Equisetum fluviatile L. Sp. PI. 1062. 1753 Swamp horsetail E. limosum L., l.c. (unbranched form). E. Heleocharis Ehrh. Hanov. Mag. 286. 1783 E. uliginosum Muhl. in Willd. Sp. PI. 5 : 4. 1810 In swamps and along the borders of ponds, lakes and slow streams. Frequent in the southern counties of the State. Infrequent from Wayne county westward (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 131. 1896). Yates county, Sartwell. Rare or local in central New York and in the Mohawk valley: Jordanville, Herkimer county, House; Albany, Peck; Pecksport, Madison county, House 3518; Ithaca, Sheldon, Summers, Hayes. Oswego, Wibbe, Sheldon. Frequent across the northern part of the State : Lisbon & Pierrepont, St Lawrence county, Mrs. 0. P. Phelps; Adams; Jefferson county, Peck; Fourth lake, Herkimer county, House 6/33; Bonaparte swamp, Lewis county, House 6238. Very slender unbranched form at Newcomb, House 7338 and at Kasoag, Oswego county, House. Stout un¬ branched form ( E . limosum L.) Newcomb, Essex county, House 7339- 7 Equisetum laevigaturn A. Br., Engelm. in Am. Jour. Sci. 46 : 87. 1844 Smooth scouring rush E. hyemale intermedium A. A. Eaton, Fern Bui. 10: 120. 1902 Along streams, ponds and rivers, especially in sandy or clayey soil. Infrequent from Albany and Oneida counties westward and southward. Earner, Albany county, Peck. Sand dunes at head of Oneida lake, Oneida county, Haberer 1930, June 22, 1904. Sandy shores of Oneida lake, Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House 3450. Forma proliferum Haberer, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 47. 1923, with a few short fertile or sterile branches at the upper nodes. Head of Oneida lake, Haberer 1930c. 8 Equisetum praealtum Raf. FI. Ludov. 13. 1817 Tall scouring rush E. hyemale, of N. Y. Reports, mainly Moist thickets, banks and fields or along shores of ponds, streams and lakes. Very common and exceedingly variable in size and habit. 9 Equisetum variegatum Schleich. Cat. PI. Helvet. 27. 1807 Variegated scouring rush E. trachyodon A. Br. Flora 21: 160. 1838; 22: 305. 1839 E. variegatum Nelsoni A. A. Eaton Fern Bui. 12 : 41. 1904 Moist or wet banks and in thickets. Local and variable. Several varieties and forms have been described. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 35 Oriskany creek, Owasco lake and shore of Lake Ontario, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 175. 1865). Frequent on the shores of Lake Ontario (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 131. 1896). Greene, Chenango county, Coville (42d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 37. 1889). LeRay- ville, Jefferson county, Peck. St Regis river, Stockholm, St Law¬ rence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Herkimer, J . V. Haberer (Rhodora 7: 106. 1905, the so-called var. Nelsoni). 10 Equisetum scirpoides Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 281. 1803 Sedge-like horsetail rush On moist or wet wooded banks or in wooded swamps. Frequent or common northward across the State outside of the higher Adi- rondacks. Rare or local in the southern counties of the State. Family 8 LYCOPODIACEAE Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 281. 1803 Club-moss family LYCOPODIUM L. Sp. PI. 1100. 1753 1 Lycopodium Selago L., l.c. 1102 Fir club-moss On rocks. Mountain summits of northern New York. Rare. Mount Marcy and Whiteface mountain, Doctor Emmons and Professor James Hall (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 508. 1843). Mount Marcy, Kneiskern (in Sartwell Herbarium). Also reported from the higher summits of the Catskill mountains. Collected on Mount McIntyre and at Indian Pass by Doctor Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 152. 1899). Reported from Colton, St Lawrence county, by Mrs O. P. Phelps. 2 Lycopodium lucidulum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 284. 1803 Shining club moss In cool moist woods and mossy swamps. Common northward. Frequent in the western part of the State. Local or rare southward to Dutchess, Ulster, Greene and Delaware counties, and near Bald¬ wins, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 65. 1915). 3 Lycopodium inundatum L. Sp. PI. 1102. 1753 Bog or marsh club moss In sandy bogs and depressions, sphagnum bogs, and on boggy or marshy shores. Essex, Hamilton, Herkimer, St Lawrence, Lewis and Oswego counties, south to Onondaga, Madison, Oneida, Sara¬ toga, Albany, Rensselaer, Columbia and Tioga counties. Not reported from west of Onondaga county nor from the Catskill mountains or south of the Hudson highlands. Var. Bigelovii Tuckerm. Am. Jour. Sci. 45: 47, 48. 1843 ( L . adpressum (Chapm.) Lloyd & Underwood; L. Chapmani Underw. L. carolinianum Bigel., not L.). In New York this 36 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM appears to be a well-marked variety with taller fertile branches and the sporophylls more incurved or appressed. Frequent on moist banks and borders of swamps on Long Island and Staten Island. Babylon, Clute. Forbell’s Landing, Miss Timmerman. River- head, Peck. Oceanside, House. Staten Island, Burnham. Southward this variety seems to merge into L. alopecu- r o i d e s , but intermediate forms have not been found in this State (Stone, PI. of Southern N. J. 41), and Tuckerman, l.c. make L. alopexuroides, along with B i g e 1 o v i i , varieties of L. inun datum. On Cape Cod and in Nova Scotia, inter¬ mediate forms between typical L. inundatum and the var. adpressum (or Bigelovii) are mentioned by Fernald (Rhodora 23 : 100. 1921). 4 Lycopodium alopecuroides L. Sp. PI. 1102. 1753 Foxtail club-moss In pine-barren swamps and depressions. Southern New York. Rare. Babylon, Clute. West Hampton, F. W. Kobbe (Torreya 4: 68. 1904). Southampton, Clute (Fern Bui. 13: 88). Staten Island, Clute (Fern Bui. 9: 9); Burnham (Torreya 13: 252. 1913). 5 Lycopodium carolinianum L. Sp. PI. 1104. 1753 Carolina ground-pine In pine-barren swamps, Ronkonkoma, Long Island, W. C. Ferguson. New Jersey has been previously regarded as the north¬ ern limit of this species. 6 Lycopodium obscurum L., l.c. Ground-pine L. dendroideum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 282. 1803 In moist woods. Common in most sections of the State north of the coastal plain region. The typical form of the species has the two upper and the two lower ranks of leaves smaller! and appressed, the lateral ones incurved-spreading, and the var. dendroideum (Michx.) D. C. Eaton, the more common form in this State, has the leaves equal, and the branches scarcely or not at all dorsiventral. 7 Lycopodium annotinum L., l.c. 1 103 Stiff club-moss In woods and thickets, commonly in rather dry soil. Common throughout the Adirondack and Catskill regions. Elsewhere rather local, southward to Chenango, Broome and Tioga counties, west¬ ward to Oswego and Monroe counties. The typical form has leaves mostly spreading or reflexed, those of the fruiting branches 5.5-1 1 mm long, lanceolate, linear-oblong or oblanceolate, thinnish and distantly serrate. Var. acrifolium Fernald, Rhodora 17: 124. 1915. Leaves linear or lance-attenuate, firm and thickish, entire or obscurely serrate, but spreading or reflexed as in the typical form. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 37 Var. pungens (LaPylaie) Desv. Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 182. 1827. Leaves strongly ascending or appressed, those of the fruiting branches 2.5-6 mm long, linear or lance-attenuate, thick, entire and dorsally convex. Common at higher altitudes. 8 Lycopodium sabinaefolium Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 20. 1810 Cedar-like club-moss Known only from near Hinkley, valley of the West Canada creek, Herkimer county, /. V. Haberer, No. 2550, October 28, 1911. The Haberer specimens in the state herbarium have peduncles from 6 to 9 cm long, and correspond therefore to the var. sharonense Blake, Rhodora 20: 60. 1918. Var. sitchense (Rupr.) Fernald, Rhodora 25: 166. 1923 L. sitchense Rupr. Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich. 3: 30. 1845 This variety is distinguished from the typical species only by its lower and more compact habit and the very short peduncles. Known only from an elevated marsh near “Nipple Top” on the slope of Mount Marcy, Peck (27th Rep’t 90. 1877, as L. sabinae¬ folium). 9 Lycopodium clavatum L. Sp. PI. 1101. 1753 Ground-pine, running-pine, club-moss In woods and thickets, often on shaded banks. Common in most sections of the State. The forma sterilis House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 19. 1923, with elongated sterile peduncles at Lebanon Springs, Columbia county, A. K. Harrison. Var. brevispicatum Peck, 54th Rep’t 162. 1901, on Wallface mountain, Peck, and Black Bear mountain, near Inlet, Hamilton county, House. Var. megastachyon Fernald & Bissell, Rhodora 12 : 50-55. 1910, at several localities in the Adirondack region and near New London, Oneida county, House. 10 Lycopodium complanatum L. Sp. 1104. 1753 Trailing Christmas-green, ground-pine In dry or moist woods and thickets. Common or frequent. Rare on the coastal plain. The typical form of the species is not reported from this State but may be looked for in the Adirondacks or north¬ ern counties. Our form of the species is var. flabelliforme Fernald, Rhodora 3: 280. 1901 (L. flabelliforme Blanchard, Rhodora 13: 168. 1911). Var. flabelliforme, forma Wibbei (Haberer), House, l.c. 42 L. complanatum var. Wibbei Haberer, Rhodora 6: 102. 1904, with large soli¬ tary strobiles, is reported from near Utica. 11 Lycopodium Habereri House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 176: 36. I9I5 Haberer’s ground-pine Known only from Oneida county, /. V. Haberer, 1907. Closely related to the preceding species. 38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 12 Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 653. 1814 I ^ Ground-pine L. Chamaecyparissus A. Br., in Doell, Rhein. FI. 36. 1843 L. complanatum var. sabinae folium A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 604. 1856 L. complanatum var. Chamaecyparissus Milde, Fil. Eu. & Atl. 257. 1867 In dry open woods or clearings, often in sandy soil. Locally abundant across the State northward, south to Ulster county, and west to Schuyler county. Doubtless locally elsewhere westward. Reported from Long Island. North Elba and Ray Brook, Essex county, Peck (53d Rep’t 838. 1900; Mus. Bui. 28: 153. 1899). Alder Creek, Oneida county, Gilbert (Torreya 1: 5, 117. 1901). Newcomb, Essex county, House. Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House, Haberer. Trenton, Remsen and Forestport, Oneida county, Haberer. Wilmurt, Hinkley, Grant, Ohio and Grand View, Herkimer county, Haberer. New London, Oneida county, House. Norfolk, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Wilton, Saratoga county, Phelps. Watkins, Schuyler county, Sheldon. Sandaken, Ulster county, Mary F. Miller. Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, Lloyd (Torr. Club Bui. 27: 563. 1899). Caroga, Fulton county, Peck. Family 9 SELAGINELLACEAE Underw. Native Ferns, 103. 1881 Selaginella family SELAGINELLA Beauv. Aetheog. 101. 1805 1 Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring, in Mart. FI. Bras. 1: 118. 1840 Rock selaginella, festoon-pine Lycopodium rupestre L. Sp. PI. 1101. 1753 Dry rocks or sometimes in sandy soil. Local. Orient, Long Island, Burnham & Latham (Torreya 14: 230. 1914). Frequent on rocky exposures in the Hudson valley and up the Mohawk valley to Little Falls. Thousand Island Park, Maxon. Alexandria Bay, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 181. 1865). Cliffs of the Niagara river, Day (PI. Buffalo 92. 1883). Penfield, Monroe county, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 134. 1896). Morristown and Dekalb, St Lawrence county. Mrs O. P. Phelps. Moxon mountain, Warren county, House. 2 Selaginella apoda (L.) Fernald, Rhodora 17: 68. 1915 Creeping selaginella Lycopodium apodum L. Sp. PI. 1105. 1753 S. apus Spring, l.c. 119 In moist shaded places, often among grasses or mosses, or borders of ponds and lakes. Common in central New York, and reported eastward to Herkimer county, northward to St Lawrence county, ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 39 Phelps; southward to Chenango county, Brown; Cortland county, Dudley, and westward across the State to Niagara Falls, Carey (Sartwell herbarium). Not reported from the southern tier of counties, from the Adi¬ rondack or Lake George regions, nor from the Hudson valley or the Catskill mountains. Family 10 ISOETACEAE Underw. Native Ferns, ed. i, 103. 1881 Quillwort family ISOETES L. Sp. PI. 1 100. 1753 1 Isoetes macrospora Durieu, Bui. Soc. Bot. Fr. 11: 101. 1864 Lake quillwort I. lacustris Engelm. Trans. St Louis Acad. Sci. 4: 377. 1882, and other Amer. Authors, not L. I. Harveyi Eaton, Fernwort Papers 11. 1900 I. heterospora Eaton, l.c. 8 I. Tuckcrmani var. Harveyi Clute, Fern Allies 226. 1905 I. Tuckennani var. heterospora Clute, l.c. Shallow water of ponds and lakes. Rare. Pond in the Catskills, E. Durand (Clinton, in 19th Rep’t Regents, 76. 1866), Schweinitz (according to Durieu and Englemann). Third lake, Herkimer county, Underwood. Clear lake, south of Elk lake. Essex county, Britton. 2 Isoetes Tuckermani A. Br. in Gray, Man. ed. 5, 676. 1867 Tuckerman’s quillwort In sandy ponds chiefly along the coastal region of eastern Canada and New England. Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 68. 1915) reports it from Lake Ronkonkoma, Long Island and near Peekskill, West¬ chester county. Pfeiffer (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. Vol. IX, No. 2) does not cite any New York State records, so that the occurrence of the species in this State is doubtful. 3 Isoetes saccharata Engelm.; Gray, Man. ed. 6, 676. 1867; var. Amesii A. A. Eaton, Rhodora 5 : 278. 1903 Reported from Peekskill, Westchester county {Leggett) . 4 Isoetes Braunii Dur. Bui. Soc. Bot. France 11: 101. 1864 Braun’s quillwort I. echinospora var. Braunii Engelm. ; l.c. ed. 5, 676. 1867 I. echinospora vars. Boottii and muricata Engelm., l.c. I. muricata Dur., l.c. 101 /. ambigua A. Br. ; Engelm. Trans. St Louis Acad. Sci. 4: 380. 1882 Shallow water in lakes, rivers and ponds. Niagara river near Buffalo; at mouth of Little Bay of Strawberry Island and along head of Goat Island, 1865, G. W. Clinton (19th 40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Rep’t Regents 76. 1866). Poestenkill, Rensselaer county, Howe ( 22d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 104. 1869). Pond near Sam’s Point, Ulster county, Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 10: 106. 1883). Rare on Long Island, Taylor. Canadice lake, Livingston county, Baxter. Oneida lake, Gilbert, Paine. Outlet of Lake Luzerne, Warren county, Clinton, 1867. Hart lake and Avalanche lake, Essex county, E. P. KiUip. Camp Riverdale, Hamilton county, Povah. Lake Placid, Britton (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 157. 1899). Pfeiffer (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 9: 173. 1922) cites several additional New York localities, including Lake Tear on Mount Marcy. Eaton’s collection from Lake Luzerne has been referred to var. muricata (Dur.) Engelm. ( Gilbert , Fern Flora of New York, Fern Bull. 11 : 103. 1903), but is doubtless a form of this variable species. Forma robusta (Engelm.) Pfeiffer, Ann. Mo. But. Gard. 9: 173. 1922 (I. echinospora var. robusta Engelm. Trans. St Louis Acad. Sci. 4: 380. 1882. I. Gravesii A. A. Eaton, Fernwort Papers 14. 1900. I. valid a var. Gravesii Clute, Fern Allies 343. 1905). The type of this is from northern end of Isle La Motte, Lake Champlain, Pringle, and since it has been reported southward into Connecticut, should be expected in eastern New York. 5 Isoetes riparia Engelm.; A. Br. Flora (Regensb. Bot. Zeit.) 29: 178. 1846 — Am. Journ. Arts & Sci. 3: 52. 1847 In shallow water from Maine we*tward to Belleville, Ontario, southward through New England to New Jersey, eastern Pennsyl¬ vania and Delaware. The typical species not recorded from New York. Var. canadensis Engelm. Trans. St Louis Acad. Sci. 4: 383. 1882 Dodge’s quillwort 7. Dodgei A. A. Eaton, Fern Bui. 6: 6. 1898 7. canadensis Eaton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23 : 650. 1901 7. canadensis var. Robbinsii Eaton, Rhodora 5 : 7. 1903 7. Dodgei var. Robbinsii Eaton, Rhodora 10: 42. 1908 On firm muddy soil, borders of ponds and streams. Rare. Tyrol lake, Dutchess county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 69. 1915). 6 Isoetes Eatoni Dodge, Ferns & Fern Allies of New England, 39. 1896 Eaton’s quillwort 7. valida Clute, Fern Allies 236, 260. 1905 On muddy flats or borders of ponds and streams. Rare. The largest known species of the genus, with 30 to 200 leaves varying in length from 40 to 70 cm. Reported from Carmel, Dutchess county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 69. 1915)- Neither this record nor the one for I. riparia var. canadensis, are cited by Pfeiffer (Monograph of the Isoetaceae, Ann. Mo, Bot. Gard. IX, Pt. 2). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 41 7 Isoetes Engelmanni A. Br. Flora 29 : 178. 1846 Engelmann’s quillwort In ponds and ditches, immersed in mud, rarely in slow-running water. Infrequent. Peekskill, Leggett (fide Engelmann). Lake Ronkonkoma, Harper. Staten Island and the Bronx, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 69. 1915). Locke pond, Dudley (36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 40. 1884). Apalachin, and Binghamton, Clute (FI. Upper Susque¬ hanna 142. 1898). The var. gracilis Engelm. (Gray, Man. ed. 5, 676. 1867) is merely an attenuated form. Pfeiffer (l.c. 204) gives several additional records for New York (Cortland, Tompkins, Cayuga and Chenango counties). Our knowledge of the distribution of the species of Isoetes in New York seems to be extremely limited. Collectors should examine carefully all likely localities throughout Columbia, Dutchess, Putnam, and Westchester counties, in the Catskill mountains and in the counties from Rockland westward. Division 2 SPERMATOPHYTA Class 1 Gymnospermae Family 1 PINACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 313. 1836 Pine family PINUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 1000. 1753 Sect. Strobus Engelm S t r o b u s Opiz, Lotus 4 : 94. 1854 1 Pinus Strobus L., l.c. 1001 White pine Strobus weymouthiana Opiz, l.c. Strobus Strobus Small, FI. SE. U. S. 29. 1903 In woods. Formerly comprising a large percentage of the forests throughout the State north of the coastal plain and of quite general distribution especially northward and in the Adirondacks up to 2500 feet altitude. Infrequent or rare on southern Long Island. Section Pinaster Engelm 2 Pinus resinosa Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 367. 1789 Canadian, red or Norway pine P. sylvestris, P Norvegica Cast. Viag. negli Stati Uniti 2: 313. 1790 P. rubra Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. x: 45. t. r. 1810 In woods, chiefly in the northern part of the State. The best stands have long since been cut for lumber, but the tree is still locally abundant in some portions of the Adirondack region and across the northern part of the State. Local southward to the Helderberg mountains, Pearson, Peck; the Catskill mountains, Peck, 42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Taylor, arid reported from Inwood, New York City, LeRoy (Torr. Club Bui. 3: 45. 1872) ; westward to the pine plains of Rome, Vascy ; Yates county, Sartwell; and Letchworth Park, Nash (Tor- reya7:2i2. 1907). 3 Pinus Banksiana Lamb. Pinus 1 : pi. 3. 1803 Labrador, gray or jack pine P. sylvestris, var. divaricata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 366. 1789 P. divaricata DuMont de Courset, Bot. Cult. 3: 760. 1802 (according to Sargent), Gordon, Pinetum 163. 1858 P. rupcstris Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 1 : 49. t. 2. 1810 P. hudsonia Poir. in Lam. Encycl. si 339. 1804 In sandy or barren soil, northern New York. Rare. Banks of the Ausable river near Upper Jay, Wadham’s Mills, Mount Discovery and near Keeseville, Peck (52d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 653. 1899). Fernald (Rhodora 21: 45-54. 1919) describes the range and soil requirements of this species. 4 Pinus virginiana Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 9. 1768 Scrub pine P. inops Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 367. 1789 P. sylvestris var. novo-caesariensis Cast., l.c. 313 In sandy soil, western and southern parts of Staten Island. 5 Pinus echinata Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 12. 1768 Yellow, spruce or short-leaf pine P. virginiana var. echinata DuRoi, Obs. Bot. 44. 1771 P. squarrosa Walt. FI. Car. 237. 1788 P. Tacda var. variabilis Ait., l.c. 368 P. Tacda var. echinata Cast., l.c. 312 P. mitis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 204, 1803 P. variabilis Lamb. Pinus 1 : t. 14. 1803 In sandy, rocky or barren soil. Westchester county southward. At present this species is unknown north of Staten Island ( Hollick 6 Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 22: 462. 1895, and near the mouth of the Croton river, Westchester county, Taylor FI. Vic. N. Y. 71. 1915), but was reported from near Albany by Michaux, a report cited by Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2 : 229. 1843). 6 Pinus rigida Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 10. 1768 Pitch, torch or candlewood pine P. Tacda var. rigida Ait., l.c. 368 P. Fraseri Lodd. Cat. 50. 1836 In dry, sandy or rocky soil, generally distributed throughout the State below 1500 feet altitude, but usually absent or rare in sections with deep, rich or calcareous soil, and from moist wooded slopes and mountains. Very common on Long Island and Staten Island and on the hills up the Hudson valley, the sandy plains between Albany ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 43 and Schenectady, west of Lake Champlain, about Oneida lake, Lewis county and on the Ontario lowlands from Hammond, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps, westward to Monroe county. 7 Pinus sylvestris L. Sp. PI. 1001. 1753 Scotch pine Common in cultivation and extensively used in forest plantations. Natural reproduction sometimes occurs and will doubtless become common as existing young plantations approach maturity. LARIX (Tourn.) Mill. Card. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 1 Larix laricina (DuRoi) Koch, Dendrol. 21 : 263. 1873 Tamarack, American larch Pinus laricina DuRoi, Obs. Bot. 49. 1771 Pinus pendula Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 369. 1789 L. americana Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 203. 1803 L. pendula Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. 8: 313. 1808 L. Fraseri Curt, ex Gordon, Pinetum 129. 1858 Common in swamps throughout the northern part of the State. Common or frequent in the central and western counties especially on calcareous soils. Rare in the Hudson valley. Not reported from Staten Island, but reported as formerly found at Wading River, Long Island. The var. incurva Peck (47th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 33, 34. 1894) at Highland lake, Sullivan county, and the so-called var. pendula, at Indian Lake, Peck (27th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 113. 1877). 2 Larix Larix (L.) Sudw. Gard. & For. 2: 166. 1891 European larch Pinus Larix L. Sp. PI. 1101. 1753 L. decidua Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. No. 1. 1768 L. europea DC. FI. Franc. 3: 277. 1778 Common in cultivation. Sometimes used in forest planting. Not recorded as well established anywhere, but may be expected to become self-perpetuating in some of the plantations. PICEA Link, Abh. Acad. Wiss. Berlin 1827: 179. 1827-30 1 Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 16: 93. I9°7 White or pine spruce Pinus canadensis L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1421. 1763. (excl syn. Gronov.) Pinus glauca Moench, Verz. 73. 1785 Abies canadensis Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 4. 1768 Pinus alba Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 207. 1803. Not Miller Picea alba Link, Linnaea 15: 519. 1841 Picea canadensis B. S. P., Prel. Cat. N. Y. 71. 1888. Not Link, 1841 Moist soil in woods. Northern part of the State. Common or frequent in the northern counties. 44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Southern localities are: Frankfort Hill, Herkimer county, south of the Mohawk river, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 130. 1865). Cambridge, Washington county, Burnham (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167: 36. 1913). Generally, however, a rare tree south of the Adirondacks. 2 Picea mariana (Mill.) B. S. P., Prel. Cat. N. Y. 71. 1888 Black or swamp spruce Abies mariana Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 5. 1768 Pinus nigra Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 370. 1789 Abies denticulata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 206. 1803 Pinus americana Gaertn. Fr. 2 : 60. t. 91. 1788 Picea nigra Link, Linnaea 15: 520. 1841 Picea brevifolia Peck, Spruces of the Adirondacks 13. 1897 Swamps, bogs and mountain summits. Common in the northern part of the State and in bogs throughout the central counties. Less frequent or rare in the southern tier of counties and in the western part of the State. Reported southward to Dutchess, Sullivan and Delaware counties. The stunted, short-leaved form with very small cones, common in the bogs and on the mountains of northern New York was described by Peck as Picea brevifolia. It is made a variety by Rehder (Rhodora 9: 109. 1907). The dwarfed, sub- alpine form is described by Peck as var. semiprostrata (forma semiprostrata Blake ) . 3 Picea rubens Sargent, Silva 12 : 33. 1898 Red spruce Pinus rubra Lamb. Pinus 1 : 43. pi. 28. 1803. Not Mill Picea rubra Dietr. FI. Berl. 2: 795. 1824 Picea mariana Peck, State Mus. Bui. 28: 127. 1899 A common forest tree throughout northern New York, and locally abundant southward to central New York and the Catskill mountains. Elsewhere local or rare. Rare or absent south of the Hudson Highlands and on Staten Island and Long Island. Not reported from the western counties of the State. 4 Picea Abies (L.) Karst. Pharm.-med Bot. 324. /. 155. 1881 Norway spruce Pinus Abies L. Sp. PI. 1002. 1753 Picea vulgaris Link, in Abh. Berl. Acad. 180. 1827 Pinus picea DuRoi, Obs. Bot. 37. 1771 Abies picea Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 2. 1768 Picea excelsa Link, Linnaea 15: 517. 1841 Native of Europe. Common in cultivation and extensively used in forest planting. Not reported, however, as a naturalized species. TSUGA Carr. Trait. Conif. 185. 1855 Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr., l.c. 189 Hemlock Pinus canadensis L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1421. 1763 (as to syn. Gronovius only) Abies americana Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 6. 1768 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 45 Pinus americana DuRoi, Obs. Bot. 39. 1771 Pinus-Abies americana Marsh. Arb. Am. 103. 1785 Abies canadensis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 206. 1803 Picea canadensis Link, Linnaea 15: 524. 1841 Tsuga americana Farwell, Torr. Club Bui. 41: 629. 1914 Frequent or common in nearly all sections of the State except Long Island and Staten Island, where only a few scattered indi¬ viduals are now found. There has been much discussion regarding the correct name for the hemlock. See Farwell (Torr. Club Bui. 41: 621-629. 1914; Rhodora 21: 108. 1919), Rehder (Rhodora 17: 59. 1915), and Tidestrom (Rhodora 20: 185-188. 1918). Following Tidestrom, whose arguments appear to be the most logical, the name Tsuga canadensis may well be retained. ABIES (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 1 Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 3. 1768 Balsam fir Pinus balsamea L. Sp. PI. 1002. 1753 Picea balsamea Loudon, Arb. Brit. 4 : 2339. f. 2240-2242. 1844 Abies balsamifera Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 207. 1803 Picea Fraseri Emerson, Trees & Shrubs of Mass. 88. 1846 In low or moist, cool forests. Common throughout the Adiron¬ dack region, the northern counties and the higher Catskills. Else¬ where locally abundant in deep swamps. Not native on the coastal plain, the southern range being the higher elevations of Dutchess, Ulster, Delaware and Otsego counties, westward to Onondaga, Ontario, Baxter, and Livingston counties, Baxter & Dewing. 2 Abies alba Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 1. 1768 European or silver fir Pinus picea L. Sp. PI. 1001. 1753 Abies vulgaris Poir. in Lam. Diet. 6: 514. 1804 Abies pectinata (Lam.) DC. in Lam. FI. Fr. ed. 3, 3: 276. 1805 Abies excelsa Link, Abh. Akad. Berl. 1827: 182. 1830 Abies picea Lindley, in Penny Cycl. 1 : 29. 1833. Rot Mill. Common in cultivation. Occasionally used in forest planting, but not reported as an established species. Native of Europe. THUJA L. Sp. PI. T002. 1753 Thuja occidentalis L., l.c. Arbor vitae, white cedar In wet soil and along the banks of streams and lakes. Common northward, often forming dense, almost impenetrable forests in northern swamps, known as “ cedar swamps ”, reaching its best development in calcareous areas and regions of basic soils (Fernald, Rhodora 21: 54-67. 1919). Rare southward to West¬ chester, Putnam and Orange counties, westward to Lake Erie. 46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM CHAMAECYPARIS Spach, Hist. Veg. n: 329. 1842 Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 71. 1888 Southern white cedar Cupressus thyoides L. Sp. PI. 1003. 1753 Chamaecyparis sphacroidea Spach, l.c. 331 In swamps along the coast. Infrequent. Rare inland to Putnam and Orange counties. Merrick, Rockville Center and between Jamaica South and Aque¬ duct, Long Island, Bicknell (Torreya 8: 27-28. 1908); Nichols (Rhodora 9: 74. 1907). Staten Island and in Orange, Westchester and Putnam counties, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 74. 1915). Near Rockaway, Hempstead, Babylon, Islip, Long Island and Peach pond, Putnam county, Mead (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 233. 1843). JUNIPERUS L. Sp. PI. 1038. 1753 Subgenus Oxycedrus (Spach) 1 Juniperus communis L., l.c. 1040 Erect juniper On dry hills. Unknown on Long Island and Staten Island. Frequent or locally abundant northward, but uncommon or rare in the western part of the State. Passing into the var. depressa Pursh (FI. Am. Sept. 646. 1814) J. depressa Raf. (Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 207. 1818), common on all of the exposed summits of the Adirondack region below 4000 feet altitude, and in the Catskills, and locally on exposed ridges, rocks, bogs, and barren soil in many sections of the State northward and westward. Local on Long Island (J. Sibirica of Taylor’s FI. Vic. N. Y. 75. 1915). 2 Juniperus sibirica Burgsdorf, Anleit. 2: 124. 1787 Alpine juniper J. canadensis Burgsdorf, l.c. J. communis var. montana Ait. Hort. Kew 3: 414. 1788 J. nana Willd. Berl. Baumz. 159. 1796 J. alpina S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 226. 1821 J. communis var. sibirica Rydb. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 533. 1896 A very much depressed plant, dififering from /. communis var. depressa, by its shorter, relatively broader, curved, subappressed leaves. Summit of Mount McIntyre and Mount Wright, Peck (Bui. N. Y. State Mus. 28: 129. 1899, as /. nana). Subgenus Sabina (Haller) Sabina (Haller) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 47 3 Juniperus virginiana L., l.c. 1039 Red cedar J. caroliniana Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 4, 1768 J. Sabina Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 166. 1833. Not L. Sabina virginiana Antoine, Cupress. Gatt. 61. pi 83-84. 1857 In dry soil. Very common in the Hudson valley. Less frequent south of the moraine on Long Island. Abundant in the Mohawk valley. Uncommon northward outside of the Adirondacks (Rossie, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps), and rare in the south¬ western counties of the State, and uncommon or rare westward to Lake Erie. 4 Juniperus horizontalis Moench, Meth. 699. 1794 Creeping juniper, shrubby red cedar J. prostrata Pers. Syn. 2 : 632. 1807 J. Sabina Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 246. 1803. Not L. /. Sabina var. procumbens Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 647. 1814 J. repens Nutt. Gen. 2: 245- 1818 J. hudsonica Forbes, Pinetum Woburn. 208. 1839 Sabina prostrata Antoine, l.c. 57. pi. 79 J. virginica var. prostrata Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 235. 1843 Sabina horizontalis Rydb. Torr. Club Bui. 39: 100. 1912 On banks and in swamps and bogs. Somewhat local or rare. Chemung county, Kneiskern ; banks of the Genesee river, Bradley, and Bergen swamp (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 130. 1865). Bergen swamp, Peck (State Mus. Bui. 139: 24. 1910). Caledonia, Liv¬ ingston county (Proc. Roch. Acad. 3: 130. 1896). Formerly in Lodi swamp, Syracuse, House. Baldwinsville, Onondaga county, Beauchamp. Family 2 TAXACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 316. 1836 Yew family TAXUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 1040. 1753 Taxus canadensis Marsh. Arb. Am. 151. 1785 American yew, ground hemlock T. baccata var. minor Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 245. 1803 T. minor Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 19. 1893 In cool, moist woods and swamps. Common northward. Not known on Long Island or Staten Island. Reported from Ver- planck’s Point, Westchester county, F. J. H. Merrill (Torr. Club Bui. 13: 6. 1886). Formerly on New York Island (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 236. 1843). Rare or local in the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. Easily killed by ground fires in the woods which are doubtless responsible for its disappearance from piany sections of the State where it was formerly common, 48 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Class 2 ANGIOSPERMAE Subclass i Monocotyledones Family i TYPHACEAE J. St. Hil. Expos. Fam. i : 60. 1805 Cat-tail family TYPHA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 971. 1753 1 Typha angustifolia L. Sp. PI. 971. 1753 Narrow-leaved cat -tail T. spiralis Raf. Atl. Jour. 1: 148. 1832 T. gracilis Raf. New FI. 2: 91. 1837 T. latifolia var. angustifolia Wood, Class-book, 367. 1845 In marshes, chiefly along the coast. Locally common inland in Montgomery and Chenango counties and in the Ontario lowlands from St Lawrence to Madison, Onondaga, Seneca and Niagara counties (var. longispicata Peck, 47th Rep’t, 162. Bot. ed. 36. 1894). The hybrid ; T. angustifolia x latifolia Figert, Deutsche Bot. Monatschrift 8: 55. 1890 ( T . glauca Godr. FI. Lorr. 2: 20. 1843), described from Europe, has not been reported from this country. 2 Typha latifolia L., l.c. Common cat-tail T. elatior, & T. crassa Raf. Atl. Jour. 1 : 148. 1832 T. palustris Bub. FI. Pyren. 4: 25. 1901 In marshes, swamps and shallow water. Common in most sec¬ tions of the State. Family 2 SPARGANIACEAE Agardh. Theor. Syst. PI. 13. 1858 Bur-reed family SPARGANIUM L. Sp. PI. 971. 1753* 1 Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. : Gray, Man. ed. 2, 430. 1857 Broad-fruited bur-reed A. ramosum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 33. 1814. Not Huds. 1778 S. crectum Wood, Classbook, ed. 2, 523. 1847. Not L. Marshy places and shallow water along streams and ponds. Fre¬ quent northward and westward across the State. Local or rare southward and on Long Island. Outlet of Canaderaga lake, Exter, Otsego county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 131. 1865). Oneida lake, House. Gardiner’s Island, Burnham & Latham (Torreya 14: 230. 1914). Frequent (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 112. 1896). Oswego, House. Seneca lake, Peck. Buffalo, G. W . Clinton. Grass river, Canton and Macomb, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. * For key to the species of Sparganium, see Fernald (Rhodora 24: 31-32. 1922). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 49 2 Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong, Torr. Club Bui. 15: 78- 1888 Branching bur-reed S'. simplex var. androcladum Engelm. ; A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 481. 1867 S’. americanum var. androcladum Fernald & Eames, Rhodora 9: 87. 1907 S. lucidum Fernald & Eames, l.c. In bogs, marshes and shallow water. Frequent or common across the State chiefly south of the Adirondacks. Greenport, Long Island, Burnham & Latham (Torreya 14: 230. 1914). Chemung county, Lucy (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 115. 1898) . Shore of Lake Ontario at Greece, Monroe county, Florence Beckwith (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 31. 1910). Sandlake, Rens¬ selaer county, Peck. Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. Pecks- port, Madison county, House. Oswego, Sheldon. North Green- bush, Peck. Fourth lake, Herkimer county, House. Jamaica, Bicknell and Cypress Hills, Long Island, Taylor (Torreya 9: 207. 1909, as S', lucidum). 3 Sparganium americanum Nutt. Gen. 2: 203. 1818 Nuttall’s bur-reed S', simplex Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 249. 1843. Not Huds. S', simplex var. Nuttallii Engelm.; A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 481. 1867 S’, simplex americanum Farwell, Ann. Rep’t Mich. Acad. Sci. 6: 202. 1904 In low or wet places and margins of ponds and lakes. Frequent in most sections of the State except the higher Adirondacks and Catskills. Staten Island, Britton & Hollick. Greenport, Long Island, Burn¬ ham & Latham (l.c). Sandlake, Rensselaer county, Peck. More- houseville, Hamilton county, Peck. Albany, Peck. Oneida county, Gray. Lake Bonaparte, Lewis county, Peck. Harrisville, Peck. 4 Sparganium simplex Huds. FI. Angl. ed. 2, 401. 1778 Simple-stemmed bur-reed S', erectum, P. L. Sp. PI. 971. 1753 In lakes and streams. Frequent or locally common. Frequent (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 112. 1896). Ausable river, North Elba, Essex county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 135. 1899) . Upper Amster brook, Mohawk Hill, Lewis county, Bendrat (Torreya 13: 46. 1913). Shandaken, Ulster county, Mary F. Miller, No. 255. 5 Sparganium chlorocarpum Rydb. N. Am. Flora 17: 8. 1909 Green-fruited bur-reed S', diversifolium Fernald & Eames, Rhodora 9: 86. 1907. Not Graebner, or most American Authors (cf. Fernald, Rhodora 24: 29. 1922) In bogs and along the boggy or marshy shores of streams, lakes and ponds. Infrequent or rare, but widely distributed. 50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Shushan, Washington county, Burnham (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 139: 30. 1910). Southold, Long Island, Burnham & Latham (Torreya 14: 230. 1914). Orient Point, Long Island, Latham. Chase’s lake, Fulton county, A. Olsson, No. 154. Catskill moun¬ tains, G. W. Clinton. Grass river, Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Var. acaule (Beeby) Fernald, Rhodora 24: 29. 1922 S. simplex var. acaule Beeby; Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 5: 367. 1890 Y. acaule Rydb. N. Am. Flora 17: 8. 1909 Y. diversifolium var. acaule Fernald & Eames, Rhodora 8: 88. 1907 In swamps, low meadows and on muddy shores. Local, but widely distributed. Greene county and at Valley Stream, Long Island, Bicknell (Tay¬ lor, FI. Vic. N. Y. 77. 1915). Sandlake, Rensselaer county, Peck. Morehouseville, Hamilton county, Peck. Caroga, Fulton county, C. P. Alexander, No. 273. West Fort Ann, Washington county, Burnham. Grass river, Canton, and Oswegatchie river, Dekalb, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. 6 Sparganium angustifolium Michx. FI. For. Am. 2: 189. 1803 Narrow-leaved bur-reed Y. natans angustifolium Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 34. 1814 Y. simplex angustifolium Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 249. 1843 S. natans Beck, Bot. 380. 1833 Y. natans affine A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 430. 1856 Y. affine Schnitzl. Typhac. 27. 1845. — Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 4: 7. 1888 Y. simplex Fernald & Eames, Rhodora 9: 86. 1907 (in part) In glow streams and ponds. Frequent northward. Rare in the southern and western sections of the State. Lake Placid, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 139: 30. 1910). Edmonds ponds, Essex county, Peck (34th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 55. 1881). Lake Sanford, Essex county, Peck. Lake Harris, Essex county, House. Harris Bay, Lake George, Hulst. White Lake, Oneida county, Haberer, No. 2863. Catskill mountains, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 78. 1915). 7 Sparganium fluctuans (Morong) Robinson, Rhodora 7: 60. 1905 Floating bur-reed Y. simplex fluitans Engelm. ; A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 481. 1867 Y. androcladum fluctuans Morong, Torr. Club Bui. 15: 78. 1888 In ponds and cold lakes, chiefly in the northern part of the State. Sandlake, Rensselaer county, and Big Moose, Herkimer county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 28. 1906). Lake Placid, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28; 135, 1899). Take Harris, Newcomb. Essex county, Homes ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 51 8 Sparganium minimum Hill. Britt. Herb. 507. 1 7 5^. — tries, Summa Veg. Scand. 2 : 560. 1849 Small bur-reed S', natans Oeder, FI. Dan. 2: 5. 1764- Not L. 1753 S. natans, P. L. FI. Suec. ed. 2. 323. 1755 S. angustifolium A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 430. 1856. Not Michx. 1803 In ponds and streams. Frequent in the Adirondack region. Rare and local southward and westward in the State. Near Cortland, Wiegand (Torr. Club Bui. 21: 176. 1894). Irondequoit, Monroe county, Booth (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 112. 1896). Newcomb, Essex county, Peck (30th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 69. 1878). Colby pond, Franklin county, Peck (34th Rep’t, 55. 1881). Cold marshes of North Woods, Herkimer county, Paine. Catskill mountains, G. W. Clinton. Patton’s Mills, Washington county, Burnham. Family 3 ZANNICHELLIACEAE Dumort. Anal. Fam. 61. 1829 Pondweed family POTAMOGETON L. Sp. PI. 126. 1753 Peltopsis Raf. Jour. Phys. 89: 101. 1819 Spirillus & Groenlandica J. Gay, Comptes Rendus, 1854 1 Potamogeton natans L., l.c. Common floating pondweed In ponds and streams. Common across the State north of the Hudson highlands. Not reported from Long Island or Staten Island. 2 Potamogeton Oakesianus Robbins ; A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 485 1867 Oakes’s pondweed In still water of ponds and streams. Infrequent or rare from Essex county southward to Long Island. Not reported westward in the State. Lake Placid, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 136. 1899). Sandlake, Rensselear county, Peck (22d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 54. 1869). Peekskill, LeRoy (Torr. Club Bui. 3: 53. 1872). Wading river, Long Island, E. S. Miller (31st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 53. 1879). Common on Long Island and at Otis summit, Greene county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 81. 1915). Racquette river, Peck. Lake Sanford, Essex county, Peck. Big Moose inlet, Peck. 3 Potamogeton Vaseyi Robbins; A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 485. 1867 Vasey’s pondweed In ponds and lakes. Rare. Thompson’s lake, Albany county, Peck (47th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 17. 1894). Greenwood lake, Orange county, Morong. Mouth of Salmon river, Oswego county, and Oswegatchie, St Lawrence county, Fernald & Wiegand (Rhodora 25 : 206, 1923) 5 2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 4 Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. Med. Rep. II. 5: 354. 1808 Rafinesque’s pondweed P. hybridus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 101. 1803. Not Thuill. 1790 In ponds, lakes and slow streams. Infrequent from the Adiron- dacks southward to Long Island. Not reported westward in the State. Long Island and Staten Island and at Riverdale, New York City, Bicknell (Taylor, FI. Vic. N. Y. 81. 1915). Sandlake, Rensselaer county, Peck. Lebanon Springs, A. K. Harrison. Fisher’s Island, Zabriskie. Tupper lake, Franklin county, Peck. Two subspecies or varieties are described by Morong, viz.; multidenticulatus and trichophyllus (Torr. Club Mem. 3: Pt. 2, 48, 49. 1893). 5 Potamogeton dimorphus Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 1 : 358. 1817 Spiral pondweed P. diversifolius Barton, FI. Phila. Prodr. 27. 1815. Not Raf. P. Spirillus Tuckerm. Am. Jour. Sci. II. 6: 228. 1848 In ponds and ditches. Frequent or common especially in the eastern and southeastern portions of the State. Less common west¬ ward. Hemlock and Conesus lakes, E. J. Hill (Torr. Club Bui. xo : 92. 1883). Hemlock and Canadice lakes, Peck (49th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. Bot. ed. 28. 1896). Lower Saranac lake. Peck; and Cayuga lake, Tompkins county, Dudley (40th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 58. 1888). Lansingburg and Sandlake, Rensselaer county, Peck. Cats- kill, G. W. Clinton. Canton, Dekalb and Clifton, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. 6 Potamogeton epihydrus Raf. Red. Rep II. 5: 354. 1808 Nuttall’s pondweed P. natans Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 101. 1803. Not L. 1753 P. Nuttallii Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 2: 226. pl.6.f.25. 1827 P. pennsylvanicus Cham. & Schlecht., l.c. P. pumilus Wulfg. ; R. & S. Syst. Veg. Mant. 3: 354. 1827 P. Claytoni Tuckerm. Am. Jour. Sci. 45: 354. 1843 In ponds and streams throughout most sections of the State. Common. Two well marked varieties occur: Var. ramosus (Peck) House, comb. nov. (P. Nuttallii var. ramosus Peck 47th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 162. 1894), described from the Oswegatchie river; and Var. cayugensis (Wiegand) A. Benn. (P. Nuttallii var. cayugensis Wiegand, Rhodora 2: 102. 1900), common in ponds in Oswego county, Cayuga lake and in ponds and streams near Ithaca. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 53 7 Potamogeton amplifolius Tuckerm. Am. Jour. Sci. II. 6: 225. 1848 Large-leaved pondweed In ponds and lakes. Frequent northward and westward in the State. Clove lake, Staten Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 82. 1915). Warner’s lake, Albany county, Peck (35th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. p. 146. 1884). Cascade lake, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 136. 1899). North Elba, Peck (22d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 54. 1869). Goodrich lake, Delaware county, Hoy; Oxford, Chenango county, Coville (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 118. 1898). Oatka creek, Silver, Hemlock and Conesus lakes, E. J. Hill (Torr. Club Bui. 10: 92. 1883). Irondequoit bay, Long pond and in Wayne county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 112. 1896). Oswegatchie river, Peck. Resort, Sodus bay, House. Warwick, Peck. Paddy lake, Oswego county, Sheldon. Carpenter’s pond, Onondaga county, House. Oneida county, Gray. Oneida lake, House. Lake Pleasant, Hamilton county, House. 8 Potamogeton angustifolius Berch. & Presl. Rostlin. 2 Alismac. 19. 1821 Ziz’s pondweed P. heterophyllus elongatus M. & K. ; Roehling, Deut. FI. ed. 3, 1 : 845. 1823 P. Zisii Roth, Enum. PI. Germ. 1: 531. 1827 P. lucens var. heterophyllus Fries, Novit. FI. Suec. ed. 2, 34. 1828 P. lucens var. connecticutensis Robbins, in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 488. 1867 In lakes, ponds and slow streams. Common northward across the State. Not reported from south of Westchester and Rockland counties. Stissing pond, Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Hoysradt, Peck. Rockland lake, Morong. Albany, Peck. Fall creek, Dudley. Oneida lake, Peck. Racquette river, Peck. Oneida and Seneca lakes, Morong. 9 Potamogeton gramineus L. var. graminifolius Fries, Novit. FI. Suec. ed. 2, 36. 1828 Various-leaved pondweed P. heterophyllus Morong, Torr. Club Mem. 32: 23. 1893 P. heterophyllus var. graminifolius Morong, l.c. 24 In lakes, ponds and streams. Common throughout the State except on Long Island and Staten Island. An extremely variable species. This has been referred in recent floras to P . heterophyllus Scherb. (Spicil. FI. Lips. 21. 1771), now regarded as the same as P. gramineus L., of Europe, and which in its typical form is almost unknown in America, according to Fernald. Forma longipedunculatus (Merat) comb. nov. P. longipedunculatus Merat, FI. Paris 494. 1812 P. heterophyllus f. longipedunculatus Morong, l.c. 24 In deep water in Lake Erie and Seneca lake (Morong) . Chenango river (Coville). 54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Forma myriophyllus (Robbins) comb. nov. P. heterophyllus var. myriophyllus Robbins, l.c. 487 P. heterophyllus f. myriophyllus Morong, l.c. 24 Not reported from New York. Forma maximus (Morong) comb. nov. P. heterophyllus var. maximus Morong, Torr. Club Bui. 13: 155. 1886 P. heterophyllus f. maximus Morong, Torr. Club Mem. 32: 25. 1893 Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Hoysradt (Morong) 10 Potamogeton alpinus Balbis, Misc. 13. 1804 Northern pondweed P. rufescens Schrad. ; Cham. Abnot. FI. Berol. 5. 1815 P. obrutus Wood, Classbook, 178. 1845 In ponds and lakes. Infrequent across the northern part of the State. Lake Champlain, Morong. Edmonds ponds, Peck (34th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 41. 1881). Cascade lake, Peck (State Mus. Bui. 28: 136. 1899). Niagara river above the falls, Morong. 11 Potamogeton Faxoni Morong, Torr. Club. Mem. 32: 22. 1893 Faxon’s pondweed Described from Lake Champlain, at Ferrisburg, Vermont, and to be looked for on the New York side of the lake. Morong suggests that if it is a hybrid species it is probably a hybrid between P. alpinus and P. lonchitis. 12 Potamogeton lonchitis Tuckerman, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 6: 226. 1848 Long-leaved pondweed P. amerieanus Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 2: 226. 1827. Not R. & S. Syst. 3: 509. 1818 P. natans var. fluitans Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 254. 1843 P. rectifolius A. Benn. Jour. Bot. 40: 147. 1902 In ponds, lakes and slow streams. Common or frequent north¬ ward in the State. Not reported from Long Island or from Staten Island. Var. noveboracensis Morong, l.c. is reported as occasional. 13 Potamogeton pulcher Tuckerm. Am. Jour. Sci. 45: 38. 1843 Spotted pondweed P. lucens var. fluitans Robbins, in A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 435. 1856 In ponds and pools. Local or rare. Riverhead, Long Island, E. S. Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 258. 1878). Long Island, Staten Island, Rockland and Dutchess counties, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 83. 1915). annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 55 14 Potamogeton lucens L. Sp. PI. 126. 1753 Shining pondweed In ponds and lakes. Local or rare. Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Taylor (l.c). Oneida and Cayuga lakes, Peck (47th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 37. 1894). Oatka creek, E. J. Hill (Torr. Club Bui. 10: 92. 1883). Frequent in Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 114. 1896). Warner’s lake, Albany county, Peck. 15 Potamogeton crispus L. Sp. PI. 126. 1753 Curly pondweed or muckweed In fresh or salt water. Local. Native of Europe and supposed to be naturalized in America. New York City and Cold Spring Harbor, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 84. 1915). Chemung river, Lucy (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 1 18. 1898). Keuka lake, Yates county, S. H. Wright (32d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 24. 1880). Long pond, Monroe county, Searing (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 114. 1896). Seneca river at Baldwins- ville, S. M. Rust. Seneca lake, Peck. 16 Potamogeton praelongus Wulf. in Roem. Arch. Bot. 3: 331. 1805 White-stemmed pondweed In ponds, lakes and slow streams. Somewhat local or rare across the northern and western sections of the State, south to Dutchess and Chenango counties. Alexandria Bay, Paine (Cat. 133. 1865). Lake Placid, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 137. 1899). Canandaigua lake, Morong. Oneida lake outlet, Peck. Wayne county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 1 14. 1896). Maltowah lake and Chenango river, Coville. Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 83. 1915). 17 Potamogeton Richardsonii (A. Benn.) Rydb. Torr. Club Bui. 32: 599. 1905 Richardson’s pondweed P. perfoliatus var. Richardsonii A. Benn. Jour. Bot. 27: 25- 1889 P. perfoliatus var. lanceolatus Robbins, in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 488. 1867 In quiet water, chiefly of ponds, lakes and slow streams. Frequent or common across the State south to the Hudson highlands. Most of the material usually referred to P . perfoliatus L. appears to belong here. The seventh edition of Gray’s Manual gives the following key for separating P. perfoliatus, P. Richardsonii and P. bupleuroides: Leaves undulate or crisped, with 3-7 prominent nerves; fruit 3.5- 4.5 mm long. Stipules 1-2 cm long, persisting as shreds ; leaves lance-attenuate P. Richardsonii Stipules short and inconspicuous ; leaves from suborbicular to oblong-lanceolate P. perfoliatus Leaves flat, scarcely crisped, with 1 prominent nerve; fruit 2.5- 3.2 mm long; stipules when developed, short and inconspicuous P. bupleuroides 56 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 18 Potamogeton perfoliatus L. Sp. PI. 126. 1753 Clasping-leaved pondweed P. Loeselii R. & S. Syst. 3: 508. 1818 Peltopsis perfoliata Raf. Jour. Phys. 89: 102. 1819 Apparently rare in northern New York, the only certain collec¬ tions being from North Elba, Essex county, Peck; Oneida lake, Peck, and Sodus Bay, House. Hybrids with P. praelongus and with P. crispus, are described from Europe. 19 Potamogeton bupleuroides Fernald, Rhodora 10: 46. 1908 Saranac Lake, Essex county, Peck. Oneida lake, IV. C. Muenscher. Doubtless of wider distribution in the State northward. 20 Potamogeton Robbinsii Oakes, Hovey’s Mag. 7: 180. 1841 Robbin’s pondweed In ponds and lakes. Rare and local. White Plains, H. G. Clark (Gray’s Man.). Orange county, Austin (Taylor, FI. Vic. N. Y. 83. 1915). Onondaga lake, Paine (Cat. 133. 1865). Hudson river near Rhinebeck, H. Andrews (38th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 108. 1885). Irondequoit bay, etc. (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 1x4 1896). Ballston lake, Saratoga county, Peck. 21 Potamogeton pectinatus L. Sp. PI. 127. 1753 Fennel-leaved pondweed In fresh, brackish or salt water. Common throughout most sec¬ tions of the State, and somewhat variable. 22 Potamogeton vaginatus Turcz. Bui. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 11 : 102. 1838. (St John, Rhodora 20: 191. 1918) P. moniliformis St John, Rhodora 18: 130. 1916 In deep water, Cayuga lake, Dr Emmaline Moore, July 16, 1916 (cited by St John), and doubtless elsewhere in the lakes of central and northern New York. 23 Potamogeton filiformis Pers. Syn. 1: 152 1805 Filiform pondweed In lakes and ponds or sometimes in ditches. Locally distributed northward across the State. Not reported from south of Albany and Tompkins counties. All of our material seems to belong to the var. borealis (Raf.) St John, Rhodora 18: 134. 1916 (P. borealis Raf. Med. Repos. 11.5:354. 1808), viz.: Cedar lake, Herkimer county, Peck (47th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 37. 1894). Hemlock lake, Peck (49th Rep’t 28. 1896). More- ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 57 houseville, Hamilton county, Peck. St Lawrence river at Massena, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Seneca lake, Morong. Var. Macounii Morong, Torr. Club Mem. 32: 50. 1893. May be looked for in the northern and western sections of the State. (Some authorities refer the typical European form of this species to P. gramineus L., the exact status of which is much disputed.) 24 Potamogeton Friesii Rupr. Beitr. Russ. Reich. 4: 43. 1845 Fries’s pondweed P. pusillus var. major Fries, Novit. FI. Suec. ed. 2, 48. 1828 P. compressus Oeder, FI. Dan. pi. 203. 1765. Not L. 1753 P. major Morong, l.c. 41 In still water of ponds, lakes and bays or in slow streams. Local or rare across the northern and western sections of the State. Cayuga and Seneca lakes, Peck (47th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 17. 1894). Crooked lake, Sartwell (as P. pusillus). Seneca lake, abundant, Morong. Lake Bonaparte, Lewis county, Peck. Chau- mont, Jefferson county, Fernald & Wiegand (Rhodora 25: 206. 1923). P. mucronatus Schrad. (in R. & S. Syst. 3: 517. 1818 — Gray, Man. ed. 6) is perhaps the prior name for this species. 25 Potamogeton Hillii Morong, Bot. Gaz. 5 : 290. 1881 Hill’s pondweed In ponds. Local or rare from Dutchess county westward across the State. Pine Plains, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 84. 1915), Hoysradt, Peck. Malloryville, Tompkins county, Dudley (41st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 58. 1888). Cayuga lake, Dudley (according to Morong). 26 Potamogeton compressus L. Sp. PI. 127. 1753 Eel-grass pondweed P. zosteraefolius Schum. Enum. PI. Saell. 1: 50. 1801 P. complanatus Willd. Berl. Mag. 3: 248. 1809 P. cuspidatus Schrad. in Smith, Engl. Bot. x: 235. 1828 In still or running water. Frequent northward across the State. Local or rare southward, especially on Long Island and Staten Island. Resort, Sodus Bay, Wayne county, House. Warner’s lake, Albany county, Peck. Cayuga lake, Peck. Lake George, Hulst. Buffalo, Morong. Little river, Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. 27 Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. & Koch ; in Roehling, Deuts. FI. ed. 3, 1 : 855. 1823 Blunt-leaved pondweed P. gramineus Sowerby, Engl. Bot. 3: t. 2253. 1794. Not L. P. compressus Wahl. FI. Suec. 1 : 107. 1824. Not L. In still water of ponds and lakes. Rare or local across the northern part of the State, south to Dutchess county. 5» NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Hoysradt (according to Morong). Spencer, Dudley. Loon Lake Station, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54: 959. 1902). Cedar lake, St Lawrence county, Peck. Panther lake, Oswego county, House. 28 Potamogeton rutilus Wulf . ; R. & S. Syst. Veg. Mant. 3: 362. 1827 Slender pondweed In still water. Very rare in this State. Reported by Britton & Brown (Illus. FI. ed. 2, 1: 83. 1913), “south to New York’’. Definite records are lacking. 29 Potamogeton pusillus L. Sp. PI. 127. 1753. Small pondweed P. pusillus vulgaris Fries, Novit. FI. Suec. ed. 2, 48. 1828 P. pusillus var. pollyphyllus Morong, Bot. Gaz. 5: 51. 1880 In ponds and slow streams. In most sections of the State the commonest of the completely submerged species of Pondweeds. Numerous varieties have been described, most of which vary more or less, if inconstantly, from the typical form. Var. pseudorutilus A. Benn. in Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 5: 371. 1890. {P. strictif olius A. Benn. Jour. Bot. 40: 148. 1902). Recognized as a distinct species in seventh edition of Gray’s manual. Var. tenuissimus Mert. & Koch., l.c. Var. elongatus A. Benn. l.c. 371 Var. panormitanus A. Benn. Jour. Bot. 19: 67. 1881 Var. capitatus A. Benn. Jour. Bot. 39: 201. 1901 Var. Sturrockii A. Benn. Jour. Bot. 21 : 279. 1883 Brief descriptions of these varieties will be found in Gray’s Manual, ed. 7, in Morong’s Monograph (1893), and in the Journal of Botany, as cited. 30 Potamogeton foliosus Raf. Med. Rep. II. 5: 354. 1808 Leafy pondweed P. gramineus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 102. 1803. Not L. 1753 P. pauciflorus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 121. 1814. Not Lam. In still water of ponds and streams. Frequent. Long Island and Staten Island to Westchester and Dutchess counties, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 84. 1915). Chenango river at Oxford, Cozhlle (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 118. 1898). Near Rochester and in Wayne county, Booth, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 1 14. 1896). Near Utica, Habercr. Edwards, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Var. niagarensis (Tuckerm.) Morong, Torr. Club mem. 32: 39; 1893 ( P . niagarensis Tuckerm. Am. Jour. Sci. II. 7: 354. 1849). Reported from a canal at Niagara Falls, Morong (Torr. Club Bui. 14:52. 1887). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 59 31 Potamogeton confervoides Reichenb. Ic. FI. Germ. 7: 13. 1845 Alga-like pondweed P. trichoides A. Gray, Man. 457. 1848. Not Cham. & Schlecht. 1827 P. Tuckerntani Robbins, in A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 434. 1856 In cold mountain brooks. Rare. Definite records from this State are lacking although Morong cites a New York collection by Torrey, and the state herbarium contains a specimen without definite locality or date, supposed to have been collected in New York. 32 Potamogeton lateralis Morong, Bot. Gaz. 5: 51. 1880 Opposite-leaved pondweed Ponds and lakes. Rare. Hemlock lake, E. J. Hill (Torr. Club Bui. 10: 92. 1883). Hem¬ lock and Canadice lakes, Peck (49th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 16 Bot. ed. 1896). Potamogeton nitens Weber, has been reported from the United States, but such specimens are said to be infertile, and are probably hybrids between P. gramineus var. graminifolius and P. Richardsonii, P. perfoliatus or P . bulpleuroidcs. RUPPIA L. Sp. PI. 127. 1753 Ruppia maritima L. l.c Seagrass, ditchgrass, tassel pondweed Shallow waters and bays along the coast, and in saline places in the interior at Onondaga lake (Paine, Cat. 133. 1865). The common form along the Atlantic coast has been described as var. longipes Hagstrom (Bot. Notiser, 138. 1911), and the form at Onondaga lake, as var. onondagensis Fernald & Wiegand (Rhodora 16: 126. 1914). Var. rostrata Agardh. (Physiogr. Sallsk Arsbetr. 6 Maj, 37. 1823), is apparently rare in this State. ZANNICHELLIA L. Sp. PI. 969. 1753 Zannichellia palustris L. l.c. Horned pondweed Z. intermedia Torrey; in Eaton, Man. ed. 4. 504. 1824 In fresh and brackish water. Locally common along the coastal region. Less frequent or rare inland. Westport, Lake Champlain, Peck (226. Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 103. 1869.) Onondaga lake and Penn Yan, Sartivell (Paine, Cat. 133. 1865). Oxford, Chenango county, Coville (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 118. 1898). Irondequoit bay, not common, the var. pedunculata in Thomas’s creek, Brighton, Booth (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 1 14. 1896). According to Fernald (Rhodora 23: no. 1921), the American plant is distinct from the European typical form and should be known as var. major (Boenningh) Koch, Syn. Deutsch. u. Schweiz. FI. 679. 1837. 6o NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Family 4 NAIADACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 366. 1836 NAIAS L. Sp. PI. 1015. 1753 1 Naias marina L., l.c. Large naiad N. major All. FI. Ped. 2: 22 1. 1785 In subsaline lakes, marshes and springs; central New York. Borders of Onondaga lake, G. IV. Clinton (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 132. 1865). Foot of Cayuga lake, Dudley (36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 39. 1884). Irondequoit bay, E. J. Pickett (Paine, l.c. 190), and also reported from the same locality (in Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 1 14. 1896; 5: 76. 1917). Seneca river near Savannah, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Rep’t 1872: 88. 1874). Tully lake, Goodrich (FI. Onondaga Co. 30. 1912). The var. gracilis Morong (Bot. Gaz. 10 : 255. 1886), is found in the Canoga marshes, Seneca county, and the var. recurvata Dudley (Cayuga FI. 104. 1886), in Cayuga lake, Irondequoit bay and other localities. 2 Naias flexilis (Willd.) Rost. & Schmidt. FI. Sed. 384. 1824 Slender naiad Caulinia flexilis Willd. Abh. Acad. Berlin 95. 1803 Najas canadensis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 220. 1803 In ponds, lakes and streams. Common throughout most parts of the State, but rare or absent from certain portions of the Adiron- dacks. The var. robusta Morong, frequent. 3 Naias gracillima (A. Br.) Magnus, Beitr. 23. 1870 Thread-like Naiad N. indica var. gracillima A. Br. ; Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 681. 1867 In pools and ponds. Eastern and southeastern parts of the State. Rare. West Albany, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 139: 26. 1910). Hudson river above Waterford, H. K. Svenson (cited by Fernald). Valley Stream and Rockville Center, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 85. 1915). 4 Naias guadalupensis (Spreng.) Morong, Torr. Club Mem. 32: 60. 1893 Guadalupe naiad Caulinia guadalupensis Spreng. Syst. 1: 20. 1825 Suffolk county, St John 2541, as N. flexilis, in Gray herbarium. Chaumont Bay, Jefferson county, Fernald, Wiegand & Eames 14116 (cf. Fernald, Distribution of Naias in Northeastern America. Rhodora 25: 105-109. 1923). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 61 Family 5 ZOSTERACEAE Dumort. Anal. Fam. 65, 66. 1829 Eel-grass family ZOSTERA L. Sp. PI. 968. 1753 Zostera marina L., 1. c. Sea-wrack, eel-grass In bays, streams and ditches. Frequent or common along the coast of Long Island, Staten Island, Westchester and Bronx counties. Family 6 SCHEUCHZERIACEAE Agardh. Theor. Syst. PI. 44. 1858 Arrow-grass family TRIGLOCHIN L. Sp. PI. 338. 1753 1 Triglochin palustris L., 1. c. Marsh arrow-grass In bogs and marshes, central and western New York. Onondaga lake and at West Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 133. 1865). First reported from Onondaga lake by Pursh. Near Niagara, Cooper; Junius, Seneca county, Start- well, and near Buffalo, Kinnicutt (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 261. 1843). Oneida, Madison county, House. Manlius Center, Onondaga county, Peck. 2 Triglochin maritima L., 1. c. 339 Seaside arrow-grass, spike-grass T. data Nutt. Gen. 1: 237. 1818 In salt marshes along the coast, and in bogs and marshes inland from Herkimer and Oswego counties westward to Lake Erie. Salina (Onondaga lake), Cooper; Bridgewater, Onondaga county, Gray, and Gorham, Ontario county (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 261. 1843). Onondaga lake and bogs of West Bergen swamp, Paine, (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 134. 1865). Mud lake near North Hannibal, Oswego county, House. Syracuse, Janies Eights, C. S. Sheldon. State marsh, Litchfield, Herkimer county; Woodville, Jefferson county, House. Paine regarded T. elata Nutt, as distinct, and re¬ ported it from the “cold marshes along the hilltop of the range south of the Mohawk, Mud lake, Jordanville, State marsh and Hid¬ den lake, all in southern Herkimer county.” SCHEUCHZERIA L. Sp. PI. 338. 1753 Scheuchzeria palustris L., 1. c. Bog arrow-grass In bogs, northern, central and western parts of the State. Rare southward to Dutchess, Greene, Chenango and Broome counties. The American form is characterized by Fernald (Rhodora 25: 178. 1923) as var. americana. 62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Marsh near Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Hoysradt. Sandlake and East Greenbush, Rensselaer county, Peck. Albany, Peck. Bing¬ ham mountain, Dutchess county and Tannersville, Greene county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 86. 1915). Chenango county, Coville, and Broome county, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 117. 1898). Summit lake, Otsego County ; Mud lake, Hidden lake, Wetmore’s pond, south¬ ern Herkimer county ; Oriskany, Rome and Point of Rock, Oneida county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 134. 1865). Big Moose, Herki¬ mer county, Peck. Kasoag, Oswego county, Peck. Pecksport, Madi¬ son county, House. Cicero swamp, Onondaga county, Mrs M. 0. Rust (Torr. Club Bui. 10: 67. 1883). Zurich, Wayne county, House. Mendon, Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 114. 1896). Conquest, Cayuga county, Wiegand. Family 7 ALISMACEAE DC. FI. Franc. 3: 181. 1805 Water plantain family ALISMA L. Sp. PI. 342. 1753 1 Alisma subcordatum Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 362. 1808 Common water plantain A. Plantago-aquatica Am. Auth. Not L., 1753 A. Plantago Bigel. FI. Bost. 87. 1814; Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 258. 1843 A. trivialis & A. parviflora Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 25 2. 1814 In mud and shallow water. Common in all sections of the State. 2 Alisma Geyeri Torrey, in Nicollet, Rep. Hydrograph. Miss. Riv. 162. 1843 Geyer’s water plantain In mud and shallow water. Rare. Near Chaumont, Jefferson county, Fernald & Wiegand (Rhodora 25: 206. 1923). HELIANTHIUM Engelm. ; Britton, Man. ed. 2, 54. 1905 Helianthium parvulum (Engelm.) Small, N. Am. FI. 17: 45. 1909 Dwarf water plantain ? Alisma tenellus Mart.; R. & S. Syst. Veg. 7: 1600. 1830 Echinodorus parvulus Engelm. ; A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 438. 1856 E. tenellus Buchenau, Abh. Nat. Gesell. Bremen 2: 18. 1868 H. tenellus Britton, l.c. In mud and shallow water. Reported from Maple Grove and Flushing, Long Island by Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 86. 1915). Queens, W . C. Ferguson (Torreya 22: 44. 1922). LOPHTOCARPUS T. Durand, Inch Gen. Phan. X. 1888 Lophiocarpus Miquel, FI. Arch. Ind. 1: Pt. 2, 50. 1870. Not Turcz. 1843 Lophtocarpus spongiosus (Engelm.) J. G. Smith, Rep’t Missouri Bot. Gard. n: 148. 1899 Spongy lophtocarpus Sagittaria ealycina spongiosa Engelm. ; A. Gray, Man. ed. 5> 493- 1867 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 63 On margins of brackish ponds and tide-water marshes. Rare. Reported only from Long Island, Staten Island and the lower Hudson river. SAGITTARIA L. Sp. PI. 993. 1753 1 Sagittaria Engelmanniana J. G. Smith, Torr. Club. Bui. 5: 25. 1894 Engelmann’s arrowhead In shallow water. Rare. Reported only from Long Island. Lyn- brook and Lake Ronkonkoma, Bicknell (Taylor, FI. Vic. N. Y. 89. 1915). Maspeth, Roland Harper (Torreya 17: 108. 1917). 2 Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 283. 1893 Arum-leaved arrowhead S. arifolia Nutt.; J. G. Smith, Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 6: 32. 1894 In mud or water. Rare and local. Held’s Cove, Irondequoit bay, Monroe county, M. S. Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 77. 1917 and in state herbarium). Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. 3 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 409. 1806 Broad-leaved arrowhead S. variabilis Engelm. ; A. Gray, Man. 461. 1848 S. sagittaefolia forma latifolia Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 17: 125. 1890 In shallow water or mud, swamps and low marshy places. Com¬ mon in nearly all sections of the State. Extremely variable and most of the so-called varieties have been quite properly reduced to forms. See B. L. Robinson (Rhodora 10: 31. 1908). 4 Sagittaria rigida Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 397. 1814 Sessile-fruited arrowhead S. heterophylla Pursh, l.c. 396. Not Schreb. 1811 S. sagittifolia var. rigida Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 259. 1843 In swamps and shallow water. Orange and Broome counties northward and westward to Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Locally abundant. Orange county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 88. 1915). Elmira, Lucy (Torr. Club Bui. 10: 9. 1883). “Less common than latifolia ” Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 117. 1898). Genesee river and else¬ where, frequent (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 113. 1896). Long pond, Monroe county ; Oneida lake, House. Oswegatchie river at Dekalb and St Lawrence river at Massena, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Fulton county, Olson. 64 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 5 Sagittaria teres S. Wats. ; A. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 555. 1890. Slender sagittaria In ponds, southern New York. Rare. Wading River, Long Island and Peekskill, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 88. 1915). 6 Sagittaria Eatonii J. G. Smith, Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 11: 150. 1899 Eaton’s sagittaria On sandy shores, between high and low tide. Reported by Smith (l.c.) from the shore of Long Island sound, but not definitely known from this State. 7 Sagittaria graminea Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 190. 1803 Grass-leaved sagittaria S. simplex Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 395. 1814 S. sagittifolia var. simplex Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 259. 1843 In mud or shallow water. Frequent or locally abundant on Long Island and northward across the State. Oriskany creek, Oneida lake, Kneiskern; Outlet of the Eight lakes and on Fourth lake, northern Herkimer county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 134. 1865). Geneganslet lake, Chenango county, and coves of the Chenango and Susquehanna rivers, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 117. 1898). Fourth lake, House. 8 Sagittaria subulata (L.) Buchenau, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 2: 490. 1871 Subulate sagittaria Alisma subulata L. Sp. PI. 343. 1753 S', pusilla Nutt. Gen. 2: 213. 1818 In tide-water mud along the coast of southeastern New York and up the Hudson river to West Point, Peekskill and Coeymans. Peekskill, S'. B. Mead (Torr. Club Bui. 3: 40. 1872). East New York and Jamaica, Ruger (Torr. Club Bui. 3: 53. 1872). Coey¬ mans, Albany county, H. N. Johnson (36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. p. 36. 1884, and in state herbarium). Highland Falls, Poggenburg (Torr. Club Bui. 15: 328. 1888). Family 8 VALLISNERIACEAE Dumort. Anal. Fam. 54. 1829 Tape grass family PHILOTRIA Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 175. 1818 El ode a Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 20. 1803. Not Elodes Adans. 1763 I Philotria canadensis (Michx.) Britton, Science II. 2: 5. 1895 Northern waterweed Elodea canadensis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 20. 1803 E. latifolia Casp. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 1: 467. 1858 Anacharis canadensis Babingt Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 1: 85. 1848 In ponds and quiet streams. Frequent throughout most of the State north of the coastal plain region. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 65 Grass river, Canton, St Lawrence county, Phelps. Watertown, Gray ; Thousand Islands, John Northrop; Fish Creek, Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, Underwood; Chilson lake, Dr and Mrs N. L. Britton (Rydberg in Torr. Club Bui. 35: 456-465. 1908). Common (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 105. 1893). 2 Philotria occidentalis (Pursh) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 55. 1923 Narrow-leaved waterweed Serpicula verticillata angustifolia Muhl. Cat. 84. 1813 S. occidentalis Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 33. 1814 Apalanthe Schweinitzii Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. n: 76. 1849 Udora verticillata, ? minor Engelm. in Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 1: 465. 1885, as syn. P. minor Small, FI. S. E. U. S. 47. 1903 Elodea minor Farwell, Rep. Mich. Acad. Sci. 17: 181. 1916 E. occidentalis St John, Rhodora 22 : 27. 1920 In streams, southeastern part of the State. Rare. Rydberg (l.c.) cites: New York City, Torrey and Gilman. Hast¬ ings, Bicknell. Quogue, Long Island, Miss E. G. Knight. 3 Philotria Nuttallii (Planch.) Rydberg, Torr. Club Bui. 35 : 461. I9°3 Nuttall’s waterweed Serpicula verticillata Muhl. Cat. 84. 1813. Not L.f. 1781 Udora canadensis Nutt. Gen. 2: 242. 1818 Anacharis Nuttallii Planch., l.c. 74 Elodea Nuttallii St John, l.c. 29 In slow streams and ponds. Rare but apparently widely distri¬ buted across the State. Rydberg (l.c.) cites : Buffalo, Clinton; Kendall, Orleans county, H. S. Burnett; Lake View, Jefferson county, Underwood ; House; Fish Creek, Oneida county, Underwood. Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 88. 19I5) gives the distribution as “Long Island, Staten Island, and up the Hudson valley to Peekskill.” 4 Philotria Planchonii (Caspary) Rydberg, Torr. Club Bui. 35: 462. 1908 Planchon’s waterweed Elodea Planchonii Caspary, Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 1: 468. 1858 Anacharis canadensis Planchon, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 11: 75. 1849 Philotria iowensis Wylie, Science, N.S. 33: 263. 1911 St John (Rhodora 22: 29. 1920) cites a specimen from western New York, collected by Gray. VALLISNERIA L. Sp. PI. 1015. 1753 Vallisneria spiralis L., l.c. Eel-grass, tape grass V. americana Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 220. 1803 In quiet waters. Frequent or common in most of the lakes, ponds and slow streams of the State. 3 66 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Family 9 HYDROCHARITACEAE (Lindl.) Aschers. Linnaea 35: 160. 1867 Frog’s-bit family LIMNOBIUM L. C. Richard, Mem. Inst. Paris 32: 66. pi. 8. 1811 Limnobium Spongia (Bose.) L. C. Richard, l.c. Frog’s-bit Hydrocharis Spongia Bose. Ann. Mus. Paris 9: 396. pi. 30. 1897 H. cordifolia Nutt. Gen. 2: 241. 1818 L. Bosci L. C. Richard, l.c. Limnocharis Spongia L. C. Richard; Steud. Nomen. ed. 2, pt. 2, 45. 1841 In shallow, usually stagnant water. Rare. Floating in a part of Braddock’s bay, Monroe county, Bradley, Sartzvell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 134. 1865). The Bradley col¬ lection also cited by Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2: 263. 1843). “ Idas not been seen for several years ” ( Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 105. 1895), Family 10 POACEAE R. Br. Flind. Voy. App. 2: 5, 83. 1814* (Gramineae Juss. Gen. 28. 1789) Grass family. TRIPSACUM L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1261. 1759 Tripsacum dactyloides L., l.c. Gama grass, seasame grass Coix dactyloides L. Sp. PI. 9 72. 1753 T. monostachyum Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 202. 1805 In swamps or along streams, southeastern part of the State. Rare. Hunter’s Point, Long Island, T. F. Allen, 1856 (Clinton in 19th Rep’t Regents, p. 76. 1886). Long Bridge, Staten Island, Hollick (33d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 18. 1880). Orient Point, Latham. ZEA L. Sp. PI. 971. 1753 Mays (Tourn.) Mill. Card. Diet. 4th Abs. ed. 1754 — Gaertn. Fruct & Sem. 1 : 6. pi. 1. 1788 Mayzea Raf. Med. FI. 2: 241. 1830 Zea Mays L., l.c. Maize, Indian corn Corn, or maize, probably originated on the Mexican plateau (Col¬ lins in Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 2: 520. 1912), and has been culti¬ vated from prehistoric times bv the races of American aborigines. Several varieties are grown, the most important being field, flint, sweet and pop. Field corn, especially, is occasionally spontaneous in and about fields after cultivation. Coix Lacryma-Jobi L. Sp. PI. 9 72. 1753; frequent in cultiva¬ tion and known under the common name of Job’s tears or corn- beads, native of southern Asia, is occasionally found in waste places. ♦Acknowledgment is due to Prof. A. S. Hitchcock, of the United States Department of Agriculture, for critical review of the manuscript on Poaceae, and to Prof. Hitchcock and Mrs Agnes Chase who have determined the recent collections of grasses and many of the older specimens, in the state herbarium. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 67 ANDROPOGON L. Sp. PI. 1045. 1753 Schizachyrium Nees, Agrost. Bras. 331. 1829 Sect. Campylomischus Fourn. 1 Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 67. 1888 Bushy beard grass Cinna glomerata Walt. FI. Car. 59. 1788 Andropogon macronrus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 56. 1803 A. corymbosus Nash; Britton, Man. 69. 1901 In damp, usually sandy soil, south side of Long Island and near Tottenville, Staten Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 98. 1915). 2 Andropogon virginicus L. Sp. PI. 1046. 1753 Virginia beard grass, broom grass A. dissitiflorus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 57. 1803 Cinna lateralis Walt. FI. Car. 59. 1788 A. vaginatus Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 148. 1816 A. tetrastachyus Ell., l.c. 150 Sorgum virginicum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 792. 1891 In dry or moist fields. Common in the southeastern portion of the State. Local or locally abundant northward and westward, and not recorded north of Saratoga and Oneida counties. Rare and local westward, and there confined chiefly to sandy sections of the Ontario lowlands. Yates county, Sartwell Herbarium (Hamilton college). 3 Andropogon furcatus Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 919. 1806 Forked beard grass In dry or moist, usually sandy soil. Common in the coastal and southeastern sections of the State. Locally common northward to Albany and Saratoga counties, westward to Oneida, St Lawrence, Oswego, Monroe and Erie counties, but largely absent from the Alleghanian plateau region of the State. Sect. Schizachyrium (Nees) Trin. 4 Andropogon scoparius Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 57. 1803 Broom beard grass Pollinia scoparia Spreng. Pugill. 2: 13. 1815 Schisachyrium scoparium Nash, in Small, FI. SE. U. S. 59. 1903 A. scoparius var. villosissimum Kearney ; Scribn. & Ball, Bui. U. S Dept. Agrost. 24: 41. 1900 A. villosissinnum Nash. l.c. A. scoparius (c), House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 13. 1923 In dry or sandy fields. Very common in the southern part of the State, and locally northward to Saratoga county. Var. frequens Hubbard, Rhodora 19: 103. 1917 A. purpurascens Muhl.; Willd. l.c. 913 A. flexilis Bose, ex Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 1: 583. 1810 A. scoparius (a), House, l.c. 68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Usually the more common form of the species, especially north¬ ward in the State to Warren county, and westward to Lewis county and across the Ontario lowlands to Lake Erie, as well as locally elsewhere across the State. Distinguished from the typical form of the species, chiefly by the glabrous or nearly glabrous sheaths and leaves. Var. glaucescens var. nov. Culms erect, purplish and con¬ spicuously glaucous beneath the nodes ; leaves relatively shorter and broader than in the other varieties, light green above, glaucous beneath ; the sheaths copiously pubescent with soft, white, spreading hairs. (A. scoparius ( b ), House, l.c.). Frequent on the sand plains west of Albany. 5 Andropogon littoralis Nash ; Britton, Man. 69. 1901 Seacoast beard grass A. scoparius var. poly dados Scribn. & Ball, Bui. U. S. Div. Agrost. 24: 40. 1900 A. scoparius var. littoralis Hitchc. Rhodora 8: 205. 1906 S chisachyrium littorale Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 35: 182. 1908 In sandy soil along the coast of Long Island and Staten Island where frequent. Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. Oefv. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 12: 165. 1855. Native of China, Japan and the Celebes, has been found as an escape from cultivation on Long Island, but not recently col¬ lected there according to Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 96. 1915). SORGHASTRUM Nash; Britton, Man. 71. 1901 Poranthera Raf. Bui. Bot. Seringe 1: 221. 1830. Not Rudge, r8n Sorghastrum nutans (L) Nash, in Small FI. SE. U. S. 66. 1903 Indian grass, wild oat grass Andropogon nutans L. Sp. PI. 1045. 1753 A. avenaccum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 58. 1803 Sorgum nutans A. Gray, Man. 617. 1848 Sorghastrum avenaccum Nash; Britton Man. 71. 1901 Chrysopogon nutans Benth. Jour. Linn. Soc. 19: 73. 1881 In dry soil. Frequent or common throughout the State except the Adirondack region and the extreme northern counties. HOLCUS L. Sp. PI. 1047. 1753 Sorghum Moench. Meth. 207. 1794 Blumenbachia Koel., Desc. Gram. 28. 1802 1 Holcus halepensis L., l.c. Johnson-grass Andropogon halepensis Brot. FI. Lusit. 1 : 89. 1804 Sorgnum halepensis Pers. Syn. 1 : 101. 1805 B. halepensis Koel., l.c. In fields and waste places. Native of southern Europe and Asia. Adventive in southern New York and locally naturalized. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 69 2 Holcus sorghum L. Sp. PI. 1047. l7 53 Sorghum vulgare Pers. Syn. PI. 1 : 101. 1805 Aridropogon sorghum Brot., l.c. A cultivated species, native of the old world, consisting of many races or varieties (sorghum, broom corn, kaffir corn, millo maize, durra etc.). Occasionally spontaneous in waste places but apparently not long persistent. For history and classification of sorghum see Ball (U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. PI. Ind. Bui. 175. 1910). NAZIA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 31, 581. 1763 Tragus Hall., Stirp. Helv. 2: 203. 1768 Nazia racemosa (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 780. 1891 Prickle grass Cenchrus racenwsus L. Sp. PI. 1049. 175.3 Native of Europe and Asia. Rarely adventive in waste places or on ballast in the southern part of the State. SYNTHERISMA Walt. FI. Car. 76. 1788 Digit aria Hall. Stirp. Helv. 2: 244. 1768. Not Heister, 1759 1 Syntherisma filiformis (L.) Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 22: 420. 1895 Slender finger grass Panicum filiforme L. Sp. PI. 57. 1753 Digitaria filiformis Koel. Descr. Gram. 26. 1802 Dry sandy soil. Long Island and Staten Island. Common. Rare or local northward in the State to Albany county. 2 Syntherisma Ischaemum (Schreb.) Nash. N. Am. FI. 17: 151. 1912 Small crab grass Panicum lineare Krock. FI. Sil. 1: 95. 1789. Not L. 1762 P. Ischaemum Schreb. ; Schweigger, Spec. FI. Erlang. 16. 1804 Digitaria humifusa Pers. Syn. 1: 85. 1805 S. lineare Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 22: 420. 1895 ■S', humifusa Rydb. N. Y. Bot. Garden Mem. 1: 469. 1900 In cultivated and waste grounds. Common. Naturalized from Europe. Reported by Mrs 0. P. Phelps, as rare in St Lawrence county. 3 Syntherisma sanguinalis (L.) Dulac, FI. Hautes-Pyr. 77. 1867 Large crab grass Panicum sanguinale L. Sp. PI. 57. 1753 Digitaria sanguinalis Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, 1: 52. 1772 Syntherisma praecox Walt. FI. Car. 76. 1788 In cultivated and waste grounds. Common. Naturalized from Europe. 70 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM LEPTOLOMA Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 191. 1906 Leptoloma cognatum (Schultes) Chase, l.c. 192 Diffuse crab grass Panicum cognatum Schultes, Mant. 2: 235. 1824 P. divergens Muhl. Gram. 120. 1817. Not H.B.K. 1815 In dry soil. Native of the middle western and southern states, and recorded eastward to New Hampshire and Long Island. Riverhead, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 99. 1915). Com¬ mon in sandy fields west of Albany, and near Karner, Albany county, House No. 6568, July 28, 1919. PASPALUM L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 855. 1759 1 Paspalum psammophilum Nash ; Hitchc., Rhodora 8: 205. 1906 Prostrate paspalum P. prostratum Nash; Britton Man. 74. 1901. Not Scribn. & Merr. 1900 In dry sandy soil, southeastern part of the State. Near Kingsbridge and Arlington, New York City and on Long Island and Fisher’s Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 100. 1915). Manor, Suffolk county. Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 75: 20. 1904). 2 Paspalum pubescens Muhl. ; Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 89. 1809 Pubescent paspalum P. ciliatifolium Torr. FI. U. S. 1 : 76. 1824. Not Michx. 1803 In fields and dry woods. Frequent on Long Island and Staten Island. Rare in northern Westchester county and not definitely known farther northward in the State. Var. Muhlenbergii (Nash) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243- 244: 39. 1923 Muhlenberg’s paspalum Paspalum Muhlenbergii Nash; Britton, Man. 75. 1901 In fields or in sandy or stony soil. Frequent in the eastern and southern portions of the State. Local northward to Albany and Oneida counties and westward to Lake Erie. Frequent in Ontario and Monroe counties (Proc. Roch. Acad. 5: 77. 1917). Mrs Chase (in lit.) points out that P. Muhlenbergii Nash is so closely related to P. pubescens, that no combination of characters holds, though extremes look quite different. 3 Paspalum setaceum Michx, FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 43. 1803. Slender paspalum In dry fields, eastern and southern parts of the State. Rare west¬ ward and not reported from the northern part of the State. Manor, Long Island, Peck (42d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 37. 1889). Monroe county (Proc. Roch. Acad. 3: 123. 1896). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 7 1 4 Paspalum circulare Nash ; Britton, Man. 73. 1901 Round-flowered paspalum In fields. Rare in the southern portion of the State. 5 Paspalum plenipilum Nash, in Britton, Man. 73. 1901 Many-haired paspalum In fields and along roadsides. Common south of our borders. The only locality recorded for New York State is in the fields of the New York Botanical Garden, where it is growing wild; Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 101. 1915). ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 53. 1812 1 Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., l.c. 53. 161 Barnyard grass Panicum crusgalli L. Sp. PI. 56. 1753 Native of Europe and naturalized in most sections of the State. Common, chiefly as a weed in waste and cultivated grounds, except in certain mountainous sections. The typical form is regarded as possessing relatively short awns ( P . crusgalli var. brevisetum Doll, FI. Baden 1: 272. 1857). Forma longiseta (Trin.) Farwell, Rep’t Mich. Acad. Sci. 21: 349- 1919 P. crusgalli var. longisetum Trin, Sp. Gramin. 2: t. 162. 1829 E. crusgalli var. aristata S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 158. 1821 ? P. crusgalli var. aristatum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 1: 66. 1814 This form with extremely long awns is frequent or common in many places. Forma vittata Hubbard, Rhodora 18: 232. 1916 Leaves almost golden in color and veined with rather dark green. Uncommon. Var. Michauxii House, l.c. 42 Panicum muricatum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 47. 1803. Not Retz. 1786 E. muricata Fernald, Rhodora 17: 106. 1915 E. crusgalli var. muricata Farwell, l.c. 350 Common in low grounds, especially on gravelly or sandy shores across the State outside of the higher mountains. Probably the native American representative of this extremely variable species. Wiegand (Rhodora 23 : 58. 1921 ) treating E. muricata as a species, describes two varieties, viz : var. occidental's and var. microstachya. The latter is recorded from New York. Var. edulis Hitchc. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bui. 772: 238. 1920 (as E. crusgalli edulis). Panicum frumentaceum Roxb. Flort. Beng. 7. 1814, nomen nudum E. frumentacea Link, Hort. Berol. 1 : 204. 1827 72 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Commonly known as Japanese or barnyard millet grass and billion- dollar grass. Native of southeastern Asia and widely cultivated and well established as an escape in many localities. 2 Echinochloa Walteri (Pursh) Heller, Cat. N. Am. PI. ed. 2, 21. 1900 Salt-marsh cockspur grass Panicmn hirtellum Walt. FI. Car. 72. 1788. Not All. 1785 P. Walteri Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 1: 66. 1814 P. hispidmn Muhl. Gram. 107. 1817. Not Forst. 1786 P. crusgalli var. hispidmn Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 114. 1817; Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 424. 1843 In marshes and ditches. Common along the coastal region of Long Island and Staten Island. Local or rare inland to the marshes of western and central New York and northward to St Lawrence county. Cayuga marshes, W. R. Dudley (53d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 837. 1900). Montezuma marshes, House. Irondequoit bay, Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 123. 1896). Oswegatchie river at DeKalb, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps 1107, as forma laevigata Wiegand (Rhodora 23: 62. 1921). The report of this from the Susquehanna river (Fenno in N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 75: 58. 1904), is based upon an erroneous determination as shown bv recent examination of the specimens collected by Fenno. Wood- ville, Jefferson county, House. PANICUM L. Sp. PI. 55. 1753 Milium Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754. Not L. 175.3 Eatonia Raf. Jour. Phys. 89: 104. 1819 Steinchisma Raf. Bui. Bot. Seringe 1: 220. 1830 Phanopyrum (Raf.) Nash, in Small, FI. SE. U. S. 104. 1903 Chasea Nieuwland, Am. Mid. Nat. 2: 64. 1911 aculeatum Index to the Species of 51 coloratura Panicum 8 huachucae 33 Addisonii 42 columbianum 44 implicatum 32 agrostoides 10 Commonsianum 4i involution 15 albemarlense 31 commutatum 53 Kahnii 46 amar aides 9 d chile 13 languidum 37 amarum 9 decoloration 54 latifolium 55 anceps 14 dclawarcnse 1 7 Liebergii 48 angustifolium Ashei 24 deminutivum 29 Lindheimeri 28 52 depauperatum 15 linearifolium 16 atlanticum .38 dichotomum 24 longifolium 12 auburne 34 dichotomiflorum 1 lucidum 26 barbipulvinatum 6 d iffusum 4 macrocarpon 47, 55 barbulatum 25 Eatoni 27 mattamuskeetense 21 Bicknellii 18 elongation II meridionale 30 boreale 23 Enslini 16 microcarpon 20 Boscii 56 fiUculme 30 miliaceum 7 Bushii 18 flexile 2 minus 4 calliphyllum 19 Gattingeri 3 Muhlenbergii 15 capillare 5 geniculatum 1 nemopanthum 18 clandestinum 54 gravius 25 nitidum 28 Clutei 22 hacmocarpon 38 octonodum 27 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 73 Oricola 45 scoparioides 40 tsugetorum 43 Owenae 40 scoparium 47 Tuckcrmanni 3 pceuciflorum 47 scoparium 50 umbrosum 52 paucipilum 27 Scribnerianum 47 verrucosum 13 pedunculatum 54 sphaerocarpon 46 villosissimum 38 philadephicum 4 spretum 27 virgatum 8 Porterianum 56 strictum 15 visidum 50 psammophilum 44 stipitatum 11 IV al ter i 56 pseudopubescens 39 subvillosum 36 Werneri 17 pubescens 33- 50 tennesseense 35 W rightianum 29 pubifolium 56 tremulum 24 xanthophysum 49 rostratum 14 Section Dichotomiflora 1 Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. i : 48. 1803 Spreading witch grass P. geniculatum Muhl. Cat. 9. 1813 In wet soil, often on the borders of streams or lakes. Frequent in the southern part of the State. Rare northward. Border of Oneida lake, Kneiskern; Salina, Clinton (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 173. 1865, as P. proliferum). Albany, Peck. Apalachin, Fenno. Section Capillaria 2 Panicum flexile (Gattinger) Scribn. in Kearney, Torr. Club Bui. 20:476. 1893 Wiry witch grass P. capillare flexile Gattinger, Tennessee Flora 94. 1887 In moist or dry soil. Rare. Marly portions of Bergen swamp, Genesee county, House. Norfolk, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Whitehall, Arden, Peck. Chaumont, Jefferson county, and Morristown, St Lawrence county, Fernald & Wiegand (Rhodora 25: 207. 1923). 3 Panicum Gattingeri Nash, in Small, FI. SE. U. S. 92, 1327. 1903 Gattinger’s witch grass P. capillare var. campestre Gattinger, l.c. Not P. campestre Nees, 1826 P. capillare var. Gattingeri Nash, in Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. 1 : 123. 1896 In poor, often moist soil or on muddy banks. Infrequent from Westchester and Tompkins counties southward and westward. Judd’s Falls, Tompkins county, Metcalf. Westchester county and at Cypress Hills, Long Island, Bicknell (Taylor, FI. Vic. N. Y. 108. 1915). Also reported by Fernald & Wiegand (l.c.) from Jefferson and St Lawrence counties. 4 Panicum philad'elphicum Bernh. ; Trin. Gram. Pan. 216. 1826 Woodland witch grass P. capillare var. sylvaticum Torr. FI. U. S. 149. 1824 P. capillare var. minimum Engelm. ; Gattinger, l.c. 94 P. diffusum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 68. 1814. Not Sw. 1788 P. minus Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 22 : 421. 189s 74 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In dry woodlands and thickets. Rare or local from Oneida county southward North Bay, Oneida county, House. Rosendale, Ulster county, Peck. Easton, P'a., Porter. P. Tuckermani Fernald (Rhodora 21: 112. 1919), according to Mrs Agnes Chase, is distinguished from P. philadelphicmn, by glabrous pulvini. Some specimens (South Bay on Oneida lake, Mucnscher 14557, House 9854) have both glabrous and pilose pulvini. The character of glabrous pulvini is not linked with either a low or tall habit. Peck's specimens from Kinderhook lake, Columbia county, are mostly less than 10 cm tall, while other collections are as much as 70 cm tall. Sylvan Beach, Oneida county; Port Ontario, Oswego county, and Woodville, Jefferson county, House. Verona, Oneida county, Haberer. 5 Panicum capillare L. Sp. PI. 58. 1753 Witch grass, tumbleweed In dry soil. Common as a weed in cultivated fields, waste ground, and borders of lakes and ponds. Rare only in the higher portions of the Adirondacks and Catskill. 6 Panicum barbipulvinatum Nash ; Rydb. N. Y. Bot. Garden Mem. 1 : 21. 1900 Western witch grass P. capillare var. occidentale Rydb. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 186. 1895 P. capillare var. brevifolium Vasey ; Rydb. & Shear, U. S. Dept. Agrost. Bui. 5: 21. 1897 Rockaway peninsula and Long Beach, Long Island, Bicknell (Rhodora 16: 82. 1914), and probably adventive from the west (See Fernald, Rhodora 21: iio-m. 1919). 7 Panicum miliaceum L. Sp. PI. 58. 1753 Millet In waste places. Frequent or occasional in the agricultural sec¬ tions of the State as a cultivated plant and rarely escaped or established. Native of Europe. Section Virgata 8 Panicum virgatum L. Sp. PI. 59. 1753 Switch grass P. coloratum Walt. FI. Car. 73. 1788. Not L. 1767 Eatonia purpurascens Raf. Jour. Phys. 89 : 104. 1819 In moist or dry soil. Common in the southern part of the State. Local westward and not reported from the northern counties. Oneida lake, Kneiskern; borders of Cayuga marshes, Seneca county and banks of Clyde river, Ontario county, J. A. Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 173. 1865). Wemple, Albany county, House. Penfield, Monroe county, Booth, Fish (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 123. 1896). Tioga county, Fenno (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 127. 1898). Cayuga lake, Dudley. Selkirk, Oswego county, Fernald & Wiegand (l.c. 207). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 75 Var. cubense Griseb. Cat. PI. Cuba 233, 1866 (as P. virgatum cubense ) P. virgatum obtusum Wood, Bot. & Flor. 392. 1874 P. virgatum breviramosum Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 23: 150. 1896 A well marked variety found on Long Island and up the Hudson river to Albany county. Var. spissum Linder, Rhodora 24: 14. 1922 Described as differing from P. virgatum chiefly in having, instead of the typical long, scaly, creeping rootstocks, very numerous culms rising from a stout multicipital caudex with very short internodes and with quickly ascending short basal offshoots. Exact range in New York State uncertain. 9 Panicum amarum Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 121. 1816 Smaller seabeach grass P. amarum minor Vasey & Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bot. Bui. 8: 38. 1889 P. amaroides Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agric. Circ. 29 : 5. 1901 In sands along the coast of Long Island and Staten Island. Rare. Section Agrostoidia 10 Panicum agrostoides Spreng. Pugill. 2: 4. 1815 Red-top panic grass Wet grounds. Common southward. Local or rare northward and westward in the State to St Lawrence and Oswego counties. Northampton, Fulton county, Peck (28th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 84. 1876). Tolerably common but not reported from Chenango county, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 127. 1898). Poughkeepsie, /. Carey (Sartwell herbarium). Cleveland, Oswego county, W. IV. Rowlee. Albany, Peck. Fulton, Sheldon. Oneida lake, House. Black lake, St Lawrence county, Fernald & Wiegand (l.c.) 11 Panicum stipitatum Nash, in Scribn, U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. Bui. 17 (ed. 2) : 56. f. 352. May 22, 1901 ; Britton, Man. 83. 1901 Tall flat panic grass P. elongatum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 69. 1814. Not Salisb. 1796 In moist soil. Rare in southern New York. Reported by Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 109. 1915) from the Bronx river and near Kings- bridge. 12 Panicum longifolium Torr. FI. U. S. 149. 1824 Long-leaved panic grass Moist soil. Rare in southern New York. “ On Long Island and Staten Island and in the Bronx, unknown northward,” Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 109. 1915). 76 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Section Verrucosa 13 Panicum verrucosum Muhl. Gram. 113. 1817 Warty panic grass P. debile Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1 : 129. 1816. Not Desf. 1798 Moist soil. Frequent on Long Island and Staten Island, but not reported from other sections of the State. 14 Panicum anceps Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 48. 1803 Flat-stemmed panic grass P. rostratum Muhl. Gram. 121. 1817 Moist soil in the southern part of the State. Infrequent. Section Depauperata 15 Panicum depauperatum Muhl. Gram. 112. 1817 Starved panic grass P. strictum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 69. 1814. Not R. Br. 1810 P. involution Torr. FI. U. S. 144. 1824 P. Muhlenbergii Spreng. Syst. x : 314. 1825 In dry places, usually in sandy or sterile soil. Common through¬ out the State except in the higher Catskills and higher Adirondacks where it is rare or local. Var. psilophyllum Fernald (Rhodora 23: 193. 1921), with leaves wholly glabrous or the sheaths only, very sparsely setulose, occurs at Irondequoit hay, W. A. Matthews, and Merrick, Long Island, House. 16 Panicum linearifolium Scribn. ; Nash in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3: 500. 1898 Low white-haired panic grass P. Enslini (name misapplied by) Nash, in Britton, Man. 83. 1901 In dry soil, especially on hillsides, often in sandy soil. Common or frequent throughout the State except in the higher Adirondacks where it is rare. Reported as infrequent on Long Island and Staten Island. 17 Panicum Werneri Scribn.; Nash in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3: 501. 1898 Werner’s panic grass P. dclawarcnse Ashe, N. Car. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 175: 116. 1900 P. linearifolium var. Werneri Fernald, l.c. 194 Chiefly on dry knolls in swamps and in meadows. Rare. Near Van Cortlandt Park, New York City, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. no. 1915). West Albany, Peck. Tripoli, Washington county, Burnham. Ithaca, W. W. Ashe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 77 Section Bicknelliana 18 Panicum Bicknellii Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 24: 193. 1897 Bicknell’s panic grass P. nemopanthum Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Soc. 15: 42. 1898 P. Bushii Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 26: 568. 1899 Dry wooded hills and meadows. Rare. Not uncommon in the Bronx and on the coastal plain of Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. no. 1915). Riverhead, Peck. Not reported northward in the State. 19 Panicum calliphyllum Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Soc. 15: 31. 1898 In this State known only from Watkins, Schuyler county, the type locality. Section Dichotoma 20 Panicum microcarpon Muhl. ; Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1 : 127. 1816 Barbed panic grass P. nitidum var. ramidosum Torr. FI. U. S. 146. 1824 Moist soil, southeastern part of the State. Rare. 21 Panicum mattamuskeetense Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Soc. 15: 45. 1898 Sandy borders of swamps and bogs in the southeastern part of the State. Several collections from Long Island by Bicknell, are cited by Hitchcock & Chase (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 187. 1910). 22 Panicum Clutei Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 26: 569. 1899 Clute’s panic grass Sandy margins of swamps and bogs. Uncommon or rare in West¬ chester county and on Long Island and Staten Island. 23 Panicum boreale Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 22: 421. 1895 Northern panic grass Moist soil. Common throughout the northern part of the State. Less common in the Hudson valley. Not reported from Long Island or Staten Island. Frequent in the Catskill mountains and occasional in the western part of the State. ( P . nervosum in 41st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 58. 1888, as to specimens cited). Occurs at 3000 ft. alt. on Wallface Mt. 24 Panicum dichotomum L. Sp. PI. 58. 1753 Forked panic grass P. angustifolium LeConte; Torr. Cat. PI. N. Y. 91. 1819. Not Ell. 1816 P. tremulum Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2 : 103. 1821 Dry woodlands and meadows. Frequent or common across the State outside of and chiefly south of the Adirondacks. 78 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 25 Panicum barbulatum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 49. 1803 Barbed panic grass P. pubcscens barbulatum Britton, Cat. PL N. J. 280. 1889 P. gravius Hitchc. & Chase, Rhodora 8: 205. 1906 In dry woods, thickets or fields. Uncommon on Long Island (St Albans, Bicknell; Middle Island, Suffolk county, House), and prob¬ ably elsewhere in the southeastern part of the State. 26 Panicum lucidum Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Soc. 15: 47. 1898 Sphagnum bogs and wet woods. Rare in the southeastern part of the State (Woodmere and Hempstead, Long Island, Bicknell), and southward. Section Spreta 27 Panicum spretum Schultes, in R. & S. Syst. Veg. Mant. 2: 248. 1824 Eaton’s panic grass P. Eatoni Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 25: 84. 1898 P. paucipilum Nash, l.c. 26: 573. 1899 P. octonodum J. G. Smith; Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agric. Agrost. Bui. 17: 73- 1899 In damp or wet places, often in sandy soil, chiefly along or near the coast of southern New York. Rare inland. Riverhead, Peck (46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 22. 1893, as P. nitidum). Near Albany, Riverhead and Orient Point and at White¬ hall, Washington county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 139: 27. 1910). Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. Irondequoit, Monroe county, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 77. 1917). 28 Panicum Lindheimeri Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 24: 196. 1897 Lindheimer’s panic grass P. nitidum Nash, in Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. 1 : 120. 1896 In dry sandy soil. Frequent on Long Island and Staten Island. Local or rare northward and westward in the State to Oneida, Jefferson and Genesee counties. Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. Bergen swamp, Genesee county, in open, marly bog, House 6519, 6520, July 18, 1919. Genesee county, E. J. Hill (cited by Hitchcock & Chase). Woodville, Jefferson county House. 29 Panicum Wrightianum Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agric. Agrost. Bui. 11; 44. 1898 Wright’s panic grass P. dcminutivum Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 116: 27. 1907 Margin of sandy bogs, Wading River, Long Island, Peck (August 1906). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 79 Section Lanuginosa 30 Panicum meridionale Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Soc. 15: 59. 1898 Matting panic grass P. filiculme Ashe, l.c. Sandy fields and woods on the coastal plain of Long Island and Staten Island. Several Long Island collections by Bicknell are cited by Hitchcock & Chase (l.c. 21 1). Lily marsh, Oswego county. House. Gloversville, Alexander. Reports of this species northward may refer in part to F. subvillosum and P. o r i c o 1 a. 31 Panicum albemarlense Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Soc. 16: 84. 1900 Albemarle panic grass In rather dry or sandy soil on southern Long Island. Rare. Garden City, Valley Stream and Hempstead, Bicknell (as cited by Hitchcock & Chase, l.c.). Lily marsh, South New Haven, Oswego county, House. 32 Panicum implicatum Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agric. Agrost. Bui. 11 : 43. 1898 Slender-stemmed panic grass P. unciphyllum var. implicatum Scribn. & Merr. Rhodora 3 : 123. 1901 P. Lindheimeri var. implicatum Fernald, Rhodora 23 : 226-228. 1922 In dry soil. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State. Long Island, the Bronx and Westchester county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 113. 1915). Albany; Machias, Cattaraugus county, and the Adirondack mountains, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 139: 26. 1910). Monroe county, Baxter, Killip (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5 : 77. 1917). Stockholm, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. North Elba and Fulton Chain, Peck. Newcomb, Essex county; Cohasset on Fourth lake, House. Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. Pine plains of Rome, House. Washington county, Burnham. Karner, Albany county, House. Tompkins county, Eamcs & IViegand. 33 Panicum huachucae Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Soc. 15: 51. 1898 Hairy panic grass P. nitidum pilosum Torr. FI. U. S. 146. 1824 P. pubescens Nash, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 1 : 121. 1896. Not Lam. 1 797 In dry soil. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State, but not reported from the higher Adirondacks. Var. silvicola Hitch. & Chase, Rhodora 10: 64. 1908 P. dichotommn var. fasciculatum Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 145. 1824 In dry woods and thickets. Common. Specimens of this species and its variety occur in the Sartwell herbarium under the names of 8o NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM “ P. dichtomum fasciculation Torr.”, and “ P. nitidum ciliatum Torr.” Fernald (Rhodora 23: 226-228. 1921 (1922)), reduces P. huachucae Ashe, P. huachucae var. silvicola Hitchc. & Chase, P. tennesseense Ashe and P. langnidunt Hitchc. & Chase, to P. Lind- heimeri var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Fernald. 34 Panicum auburne Ashe, N. Car. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 175: 115. 1900 Auburn panic grass Ronkonkoma, Shoreham, Wading River, Garden City and Hemp¬ stead reservoir, Long Island, IV. C. Ferguson (Torreya 22:' 44. 1922). Artists lake, Middle Island, Suffolk county, House. 35 Panicum tennesseense Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Soc. 15: 52. 1898 Tenessee panic grass In moist ground or in open woods. Frequent southward in the State. Local or rare northward to Essex, Oneida, Jefferson and St Lawrence counties and westward to Tioga and Tompkins counties. Long Island and Staten Island and in the Bronx, Taylor (FI, Vic. N. Y. 1 14. 1915). Sacandaga Park, Fulton county, A. Olsson. Watertown ; Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. Ausable Chasm, Jones. Thousand Islands, Robinson & Maecon. Ithaca, Coville . Long Island, Bicknell. West Canada creek, Herkimer county, A. Gray (In Beck herbarium). Taberg, Oneida county, House. Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. 36 Panicum subvillosum Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Soc. 16: 86. 1900 In dry or sandy soil. Uncommon or rare in the southern part of the State. Northward to Berkshire, Fulton county, A. Olsson (state herbarium). 37 Panicum languidum Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 232. 1910 The only locality in this State is indicated by a collection by Wil¬ liamson, 1903, at Platte Clove, Catskill mountains (cited by Hitch¬ cock & Chase.) 38 Panicum villosissimum Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 23: 149. 1896 White-haired panic grass P. atlanticum Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 24: 346. 1897 P. haemacarpon Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Soc. 15: 55. 1898 In dry soil. Infrequent in the southern and eastern portions of the State, and westward to Monroe county. Long Island, Staten Island and the Bronx and Westchester county, rare, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 113. 1915). Newtonville, Albany ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 8l county, Peck (the specimens reported by Peck as P. atlanticum, are not this species). Irondequoit, Monroe county, House 6jii, July 17, 1919. 39 Panicum pseudopubescens Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 26: 577. 1899 In dry or sandy soil on Long Island (Manorville, House June 20, 1916). 40 Panicum scoparioides Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Soc. 15: 53. 1898 In dry soil. Reported from Vermont and Connecticut to Minne¬ sota, Indiana and Delaware, but definite records for this State are lacking. Section Columbiana 41 Panicum Commonsianum Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Soc. 15: 55. 1898 Common’s panic grass In dry sandy soil. Rare on Long Island and Staten Island. Several Long Island collections by Bicknell are cited by Hitchcock & Chase. 42 Panicum Addisonii Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 25: 83. 1898 Low stiff panic grass P. Owenae Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 35 : 185. 1908 In sandy soil. Local or rare on Long Island and northward to Albany county, westward to Madison county. Rare on Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 114. 1915). New- tonville, Albany county, Peck. Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, Haberer, House. South Bay, Madison county, House. 43 Panicum tsugetorum Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 25: 86. 1898 Hemlock panic grass Dry soil in open woods. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State except the higher elevations of the Catskill and Adirondack mountains. 44 Panicum columbianum Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agric. Agrost. Bui. 7: 78. 1897 American panic grass P. psammophilum Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 26 : 576. 1899 In fields and open woods. Common in southern New York, especially in the pine-barrens. Rare or local northward to Saratoga county and westward to Oneida county (Sylvan Beach, House). 45 Panicum Oricola Hitch. & Chase, Rhodora 8: 208. 1906 Frequent in the southern part of the State, especially on Long Island. Several Long Island collections by Bicknell, are cited by Hitchcock & Chase. 82 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Section Sphaerocarpa 46 Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1 : 125. 1816 Round-fruited panic grass P. Kalmii Sw. Adnot. Bot. 6. 1829 In dry soil of fields or open woods. Frequent or common across the State south of the Adirondacks and outside of the Catskills. Riverhead, Suffolk county, Peck. Menands, Albany county, Peck. Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. Junius, Seneca county, House. Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Perinton, Monroe county, Baxter. Niagara county, Townsend. Irondequoit, Monroe county, House. 47 Panicum Scribnerianum Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 22: 421. 1895 Scribner’s panic grass P. pauciforum A. Gray, Man. 613. 1848. Not Ell. 1816 P. scoparium S. Wats. ; Gray, Man. ed. 6, 632. 1890. Not Lam. 1798 P. macrocarpon Torr. FI. U. S. 143. 1824. Not LeConte, 1819 In dry or moist soil. Infrequent or local across the State south of the Adirondacks. Lansingburg, Rensselaer county, Howe, Peck. Glenmont, Albany county, House. Ithaca, Ashe. Long pond, Monroe county, House. Monroe county, Baxter, Killip (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 77. 1917). 48 Panicum Liebergii (Vasey) Scribn. ; Nash in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3: 497. 1898 Leiberg’s panic grass P. scoparium Liebergii Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agric. Bot. Bui. 8: 32. 1889 Dry soil, western New York. Rare. Head of Seneca lake (Gray herbarium) . 49 Panicum xanthophysum A. Gray, N. Am. Gram. & Cyp. 1 : No. 28. 1834 — Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. 3: 234. 1835 In dry, usually sandy soil of open woods and fields. Essex, Rens¬ selaer and Dutchess counties westward and southward, but not re¬ ported from south of the Hudson highlands nor from Long Island or Staten Island. Mount Riga, Pine Plains, Dutchess county, and in the Catskills, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 115. 1915). North Greenbush, Rensselaer county, and Mount Defiance, Essex county, Peck. Rotterdam, Sche¬ nectady county, Wibbe (Torr. Club Bui. 13: 39. 1886). Karner, Albany county, House. Gloversville, Fulton county, C. P. Alexander. Tripoli, Washington countv, Burnham. Pine plains along Wood creek near Oneida lake, Gray; Hamilton, Madison county, /. S. Douglass, and East Albany, Peck (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 174, iqi . 1865). Danbv, Tompkins county, Coville, Nash. New Lon¬ don, Oneida county, House. Campville, Tioga county, Fenno. Along the Black river below Watertown, House. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 83 Section Scoparia 50 Panicum scoparium Lam. Encycl. 4: 744. 1798 Velvety panic grass P. pubescens Lam., l.c. 748 P. viscidum Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 123. pi. 7, f. 3. 1816 Moist soil. Occasional or infrequent in the southern and south¬ eastern portions of the State. 51 Panicum aculeatum Hitchc. & Chase, Rhodora 8: 209. 1906 Tall rough panic grass In swampy woods. Rockville Center and Hempstead, Long Island, Bicknell (Taylor, FI. Vic. N. Y. 116, 1915). Sandy thickets along shore of Oneida lake, Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House 8140, June 20, 1921. 52 Panicum Ashei T. G. Pearson; Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Soc. 15: 35. 1898 Ashe’s panic grass P. umbrosum LeConte; Torr. Cat. PI. N. Y. 91. 1819. Not Retz. 1786 In dry woods. Local or infrequent across the State south of the Adirondack region. Increasingly abundant southward. Ithaca, Dudley, Ashe. North Bay, Oneida county, House. Pine plains of Rome, Oneida county, House. Manor, Long Island, House. Northville, Rockville Center and Rosedale, Long Island, Bicknell. 53 Panicum commutatum Schultes, Mant. 2: 242. 1824 Variable panic grass In dry woods and thickets. Local or rare across the State south of the Adirondack region, and apparently also outside of the Catskills. Rare on Staten Island and in the New York Botanical Garden, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 116. 1915). Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 127. 1898). Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 32. 1910). Taberg, Oneida county, Peck. Section Latifolia 54 Panicum clandestinum L. Sp. PI. 58. 1753 Deer-tongue grass P. pedunculatam Torr. FI. U. S. 141. 1824 P. decoloration Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 26: 570. 1899 In thickets and moist places. Frequent or common throughout the State except in certain portions of the Adirondack region, and in¬ frequent westward in the State. 55 Panicum latifolium L. Sp. PI. 58. 1753 Broad-leaved panic grass P. macrocarpon LeConte; Torr. Cat. PI. N. Y. 91. 1819 In moist or dry woods. Frequent or common throughout the State, except in the higher Adirondacks. 84 new YORK STATE MUSEUM 56 Panicum Boscii Poir, in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 278. 1816 Bose’s panic grass P. Walteri Poir., l.c. 282. Not Pursh, 1814 P. Porterianum Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 22: 420. 1895 In woods and thickets. Local or infrequent across the State south of the Adirondack region. Increasingly frequent in the southern sec¬ tions of the State. Canandaigua, Ontario county, Mrs E. P. Gard¬ ner (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 77. 1917). Var. molle (Vasey) Hitchcock & Chase, Rhodora 10: 64. 1908 P. latifolium molle Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Bot. Bui. 8: 34. 1889. Not P. molle Sw. 1788 P. Walteri molle Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 194. 1893 P. pubifolium Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 26: 577. 1899 A more downy-villous extreme of the species. Occurs on Long Island, Bickncll, and doubtless elsewhere in the southeastern part of the State. CHAETOCHLOA Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agric. Agrost. Bui. 4: 38. 1897 Ixophorus Schlecht. ; Nash, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 1: 125. 1896 S e t a r i a Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 51. 1812. Not Ach. 1789 Chamaeraphis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 766. 1891- — Beal, N. Am. Grasses 2: 150. 1896. Not R. Br. 1 Chaetochloa verticillata (L.) Scribn., l.c. 39 Fox-tail grass Panicum verticillatum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 82. 1762 Setaria verticillata Beauv., l.c. 51, 178 Native of Europe. Naturalized about dwellings and in waste places. Common in most sections of the State. 2 Chaetochloa ambigua (Guss.) Scribn. & Merr. Bui. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 21 : 18. 1900 Panicum verticillatum var. ambiguum Guss. Prodr. FI. Sic. 80. 1827 Setaria ambigua Guss. FI. Sic. Syn. 114. 1842. Not Schrad. 1838 N. verticillata var. ambigua Richter, PI. Eur. 1 : 28. 1890 S. viridis var. ambigua Coss. in Coss. & Dur. Expl. Sci. Alger. 2 : 36. 1854 Native of the Old World. Rare as a weed in the eastern states. Albany, H. D. House 8534, August 17, 1921. 3 Chaetochloa lutescens (Weigel) Stuntz, U. S. Bur. PI. Ind. Inv. Seeds & Plants Imp. 31 : 36, 86. 1914 Yellow fox-tail grass, pigeon grass Panicum lutescens Weigel, Obs. 20. 1772 Setaria glauca Beauv., l.c., and most subsequent authors, not Panicum alausum. L.. which is Pennisetum alaucum R. Br. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 85 Chaetochloa glauca Scribn., l.c. 39 Setaria lutescens Hubbard, Rhodora 18 : 232. 1916 In waste places, cultivated ground about dwellings, etc. Natural¬ ized from Europe. Common. 4 Chaetochola geniculata (Lam.) Millsp. & Chase, Field Col. Mus. Publ. Bot. 3: 37. 1903 Perennial fox-tail grass Panicum gcniculatum Lam. Encycl. 4: 727 (err. typ. 737). 1796 Setaria geniculata Beauv., l.c. 51 F. imberbe Poir, in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 272. 1816 .S’, imberbis R. & S. Syst. 2: 891. 1817 (as to syn. Poiret) C. imberbis Scribn., l.c. 39 In moist or saline soil or in brackish marshes along the coast. Locally abundant across the State southward. Var. perennis (Hall) House, comb. nov. Setaria perennis Hall, Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci. 13: 102. 1893 C. versicolor Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 25 : 105.. 1898 C. occidentalis Nash, in Britton, Man. 90. 1901 5. imberbis var. perennis Hitchc. Rhodora 8 : 210. 1906 In brackish marshes along the Altantic coast, and at Onondaga lake. 5 Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scribn., l.c. 39 Green fox-tail grass Panicum viride L. Syst. ed. 10, 870. 1759 Setaria viridis Beauv., l.c. 5.1, 178 In waste ground and about dwellings, often a weed in cultivated soil. Naturalized from Europe and common in most sections of the State. Var. Weinmannii (R. & S.) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 39. 1923 Setaria Weinmannii R. & S. Syst. 2: 495. 1817 S. viridis var. Weinmannii Brand, in Koch, Syn. Deutsch. FI. ed. 3, 3: 2690. 1905 Infrequent or rare, and like the typical species, introduced from Europe. 6 Chaetochloa italica (L.) Scribn., l.c. 39 Italian millet, hungarian grass Panicum italicum L. Sp. PI. 56. 1753 Setaria italica Beauv., l.c. 51, 178 Native of the Old World. Frequent in cultivation and occasionally established in waste places. For the varieties of this species, cultivated or escaped, in the United States, see Hubbard (Am. Jour. Bot. 2 : 187. 1915). 86 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM CENCHRUS L. Sp. PI. 1049. 1753 1 Cenchrus tribuloides L., l.c. 1050 Bur grass In sands along the coast of Long Island and Staten Island. Infrequent or local. 2 Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 56. 1844 Smaller sandbur, bur grass In dry sandy places. Locally common across the State outside of the Adirondack^, especially in regions of sandy soil. Very common in the sand plains between Albany and Schenectady, and reported from here by James Eights in 1835, and by Paine in 1865, as C. tribuloides. Frequent in the sandy region east and north of Oneida lake, in most places spreading and appearing as though of comparatively recent introduction, since it was not reported from there by Paine. It also appears locally in other sandy sections of the Ontario lowlands in Oswego, Jefferson, Wayne and Monroe counties (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 124. 1896; 5: 32. 1910). Until re¬ cently this has been reported as C. carolinianus Walter. ZIZANIA L. Sp. PI. 991. 1753 1 Zizania palustris L. Mant. 2: 295. 1771 Wild rice, water oats Z. clavulosa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 75. 1803 Z. aquatica Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2 : 585.. 1821 — Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. ed. 2, 1913. Not L. Along shores and in shallow water of bays, lakes and margins of slow streams, often in large colonies. Common along the Hudson river northward to Washington county. Rare in the Mohawk valley. Common along the shores of Lake Champlain, the St Lawrence and Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, and inland about many of the lakes of central and western New York. 2 Zizania aquatica L. Sp. PI. 991. 1753 Smaller or northern wild rice Z. aquatica var. angustifolia Hitchc. Rhodora 8: 210. 1906 Frequent in shallow water of northern Lake Champlain, along the St Lawrence, east end of Lake Ontario to Oswego (Sheldon) . Rarely very tall, usually less than 3 feet tall with narrow leaves, soft in texture, the lower submerged ones, succulent and nodulose, the pistillate portion of the smaller inflorescence more appressed. Ap¬ parently mistaken by Pursh (FI. p. 61. 1814), for Zizania fluitans Michx (Hydochloa carolinensis Beauv), as he adds “ St Lawrence,” to the “ Lake Champlain ” locality which Michaux erroneously gives as the type locality of Z. fluitans. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 87 Hitchcock (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 124. 1908) indicates the reasons for considering the rarer, northern, narrow-leaved plant as the type of Z. aquatic a of Linnaeus. HOMALOCENCHRUS Mieg. Act. Helv. Phys. Math. 4: 307. 1760 Leersia Soland., in Sw. Prodr. 21. 1788. Not Hedw. 1782 Endolia Raf. Neogent. 4. 1825 Aplexia Raf. Bui. Bot. Seringe 1: 220 1830 1 Homalccenchrus virginicus (Willd.) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 9: 14. 1889 White grass, white grama Leersia virginica Willd. Sp. PI. 1 : 325. 1797 Asprella virginica Beauv. Agrost. 2, 153. 1812 In swamps and wet woods. Rare or local northward across the State but becoming frequent or locally common in the southern counties. Not reported from the Adirondacks. Shores of Irondequoit bay, rare, and Wayne county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 124. 1896). Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartwell (in Herb. Hamilton college). Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. Fulton, Oswego county, Wibbe. Albany, Rensselaer and Catskill, Peck. Apalachin, Fenno. Ithaca, Metcalf. 2 Homalccenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll. Hist. PI. Palat. 1: 52. 1776 Rice cut grass Phalaris oryzoides L. Sp. PI. 55. 1753 Leersia oryzoides Sw. Prodr. 21. 1789 Asprella oryzoides Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 2, 153. pi. 4. f. 2. 1812 In swamps and along streams, often forming dense tangled masses. Common throughout most sections of the State but reported from only a few localities of comparatively low elevation in the Adiron¬ dacks. PHALARIS L. Sp. PI. 54. 1753 Typhoides Moench. Meth. 201. 1794 Digraphi s Trin. Fund. Agrost. 127. 1820 Endallax Raf. Bui. Bot. Seringe 1: 220. 1830 Baldingera Gaertn. Mey. & Schreb., FI. Wett. 1: 43. 1799 I Phalaris arundinacea L. Sp. PI. 54. 1753 Reed canary grass Calamagrostis colorata Nutt. Gen. 1 : 46. 1818 P. americana Torr. FI. U. S. x : 100. 1823. Not Ell. 1817 Baldingera colorata Gaertn. Mey. & Schreb., l.c. 96 In marshes, swamps and on lake shores or in wet soil. Common, especially northward across the State. Less common on Long Island. Forma picta (L.) Aschers. & Graebn. Syn. 2: 24. 1898 (forma variegata (Parnell) Druce, FI. Berks. 558. 1897), with leaves 88 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM striped with white, the familiar “ ribbon grass ” of cultivation, is occasionally seen as an escape. 2 Phalaris canariensis L., l.c. Canary or bird-seed grass In waste places. Naturalized from Europe or escaped from culti¬ vation, but not common. ANTHOXANTHUM L. Sp. PI. 28. 1753 1 Anthoxanthum odoratum L., l.c. Sweet vernal grass In fields and meadows or along roadsides, less frequently in open woods. Common throughout most sections of the State, except in the more densely wooded and mountainous areas. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. Voy. Bot. de l’Espagne 2 : 638. 1845 Long-awned vernal grass A. Puelii Lecoq. & Lamotte, Cat. PI. Auver. 385. 1847 Native of Europe. Sparingly introduced, or escaped from culti¬ vation in waste places, especially in the southern part of the State. TORRESIA Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Peruv. Chil. 251. 1798 Savastana Schrank, Baier. FI. 1 : 100, 337. 1789. Not Savastania Scop. Hierochloa R. Br. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 208. 1810 Dimes i a Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 1: 442. 1817 — 2: 175. 1818 1 Torresia odorata (L.) Hitchc. Am. Jour. Bot. 2: 301. 1915 Holly grass, Seneca grass Holcus odoratus L. Sp. PI. 1048. 1753 Hierochloa borealis R. & S. Syst. 2: 513. 1817 Hierochloa odorata Wahl. FI. Ups. 32. 1820 S. odorata Scribn. Torr. Club Mem. 5 : 34. 1894 Boggy or wet meadows and fields. Frequent northward. Local or infrequent southward to Long Island and Staten Island and west¬ ward to St Lawrence, Ontario and Monroe counties. The common eastern form of this species is distinguished by Fernald (Rhodora 19: 152. 1917), as Hierochloa odorata var. fragrans (Willd.) Richter. 2 Torresia Nashii (Ricknell) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243- 244: 58. 1923 Nash’s holly grass S. Nashii Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 25: 104. pi. 328. 1898 Hierochloa Nashii Kaczmarek, Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 198. 1914 In and along the edges of brackish marshes near New York Citv. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 89 3 Torresia alpina (Sw.) Hitchc., l.c. 300 Alpine holly grass Holcus alpinus Sw. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4 : 937. 1806 Holcus monticola Bigel. New Eng. Med. Jour. 5 : 334. 1816 Dimesia monticola Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 1 : 442. 1817 Hierochloa alpina R. & S. Syst. 2: 515. 1817 S. alpina Scribn. Torr. Club Mem. 5 : 34. 1894 Subalpine summits of the Adirondack mountains. Rare. Mount Marcy, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2: 420. 1843); Kneiskern (Sartwell herb.), Peck, D. M. White. Summit of McIntyre, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 146. 1899), Home. MILIUM L. Sp. PI. 61. 1753 Milium effusum L., l.c Tall millet grass In woods and thickets. Frequent northward. Local or scattered southward to the Catskill mountains of Greene and Delaware counties, and westward. Not common (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 124. 1898). Utica and Bridgewater, Gray; Oriskany, Kneiskern; Potter, Yates county, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 173. 1865). Boreas river, Minerva, Essex county, Peck (38th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 109. 1885). Stony Clove, Catskill mountains, Peck (28th Rep’t 84. 1876). Apalachin, Fenno. Jordanville, House. ORYZOPSIS Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 51. 1803 Dilepyrum Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 35.1. 1808 Eriocoma Nutt. Gen. 1: 40. 1818 i Oryzopsis pungens (Torr.) Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 15 1. 1908 Slender mountain rice Milium pungens Torr. ; Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2 : 102. 1821 O. canadensis Torr. FI. N. Y. 2 : 433. 1843 (Not Stipa canadensis Poir. cf. Hitchcock, l.c.) O. juncea BSP. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 67. 1888 In dry, rocky or sandy places. Infrequent or locally abundant across the State northward. Southward in the Hudson valley to Dutchess county and the Catskill mountains of Greene and Ulster counties. Reported from summit of Crow’s Nest, Hudson highlands, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2 : 433. 1843). Albany county, Peck (28th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 84. 1876). Karner, Albany county, House. Pine plains of Rome, Kneiskern ; Oneida lake, Gray; Yates county, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 168. 1865). Irondequoit bay, Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 124. 1896). New London, Oneida county, House. 90 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx. l.c. 51 White-grained mountain rice In woods throughout the northern and western portions of the State, southward to. Dutchess county, the Catskill mountains and Delaware county. Less common southward to Long Island and in the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. 3 Oryzopsis racemosa (J. E. Smith) Ricker; Hitchc. Rhodora 8: 210. 1906 Black-fruited mountain rice Milium racemosum J. E. Smith, in Rees Cyclop. 23. No. 15. 1813 O. melanocarpa Muhl. Gram. 79. 1S17 Piptathorum nigrum Torjey FI. U. S. 1 : 79. 1824 In dry or rocky woods. Locally frequent northward, and reported southward in the State to Rockland county, and Van Cortlandt Park, New York City, B-ic knell. STIPA L. Sp. PI. 78. 1753 Podopogon Raf. Neogent. 4. 1825 1 Stipa canadensis Poir. Encycl. 7 : 452. 1806 Macoun’s or Richardson’s feather grass 6'. juncea Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 54. 1803. Not L. 1733 S'. Richardsonii A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 549. 1856. Not Link, 1833 S. Macounii Scribn. ; Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 5: 390. 1890 Shaded places at high altitudes. Rare. Summit of Mount Marcy, Peck (23d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 50. 1872; 52d Rep’t 663. 1899) 2 Stipa avenacea L. Sp. PI. 78. 1753 Black oat grass S. barbata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 53. 1803 .S’, virginica Pers. Syn. 1 : 99. 1805 S’, bicolor Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 73. 1814 In dry woods, southern part of the State. Long Island, Staten Island and up the Hudson valley to Yonkers, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 121. 1915). Cold Spring, Peck. 3 Stipa comata Trim & Rupr., Mem. Acad. St Petersb. Sci. Nat. (VI). 52: 75- 1842 Native of the western states. Adventive at Cobb’s Hill reservoir, Rochester, M. S. Baxter (Proc. Roch. Acad. 5: 77. 1917). ARISTIDA L. Sp. PI. 82. 1753 Streptachne R. Br. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 174. 1810 C h a e t a r i a Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 30. pi. 8. figs. 5, 6. 1812 Curtopogon Beauv., l.c. fig. 7 Trixostis Raf. Bui. Bot. Seringe 1: 121. 1830 M o u 1 i n s i a Raf.. Lc. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 91 1 Aristida dichotoma Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 41. 1803 Poverty grass In dry, sandy or sterile soil. Locally abundant in many parts of the State, but not reported from the Adirondack region. 2 Aristida oligantha Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 41. 1803 Few-flowered aristida Native of the western and southwestern states. Adventive along the Pennsylvania railroad near Avon, Livingston county, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5 : 78. 1917). 3 Aristida gracilis Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1 : 142. 1816 Slender triple-awned grass In dry soil on Long Island and Staten Island. Not reported northward. Infrequent or rare. 4 Aristida purpurascens Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 1 : 452. 1810 Arrow grass, broom sedge In dry or sandy soil. Long Island and Staten Island and at High Bridge, New York City, T. F. Allen (Clinton in 19th Rep’t Regents 202. 1866). Gardner’s Island, Burnham & Latham (Torreya 14: 231. 1914). Orient Point, Latham. 5 Aristida tuberculosa Nutt. Gen. 1 : 57. 1818. Seabeach triple-awned grass In sandy soil, especially on Long Island and Staten Island, chiefly along the shore. Rare and local. Barton, Tioga county, Fenno (state herbarium), perhaps adventive. Reported from the region of the Great Lakes but definite records from Lake Ontario are lacking. MUHLENBERGIA Schreb. ; Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 87, 171. 1791 D i 1 e p y r u m Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 40. 1803 Podosemum Desv. Nouv. Bui. Soc. Philom. Paris 2 : 188. 1810 Sericrostis Raf. Neogent. 4. 1825 Vaseya Thurber, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 79. 1863 i Muhlenbergia Schreberi Gmel., l.c. 1 7 1 Nimble will, dropseed grass, wire grass M. diffusa Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 320. 1797 Dilepyrum minutiflorum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 40. 1803 On dry hills and in woods and waste places. Frequent or common in most sections of the State, but rare in the Adirondack region. The varieties of this species are described by Scribner (Rhodora 9: 17-23- I907)- 92 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin. Unifl. 189. 1824 Rock dropseed Agrostis sobolifera Muhl. ; Willd. Enum. 95. 1809 In stony or rocky woods. Infrequent northward from Bronx county to Lake Champlain and westward across the State outside of the Adirondacks. From the Bronx northward, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 123. 1915). Rare (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 125. 1896). Newburgh, Saugerties and Whitehall, Peck. 3 Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin., l.c. Satin grass, wood grass Agrostis mexicana L. Mant. 1 : 31. 1767 A. lateriflora Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 53. 1803 Trichochloa mexicana Trin. Fund. Agrost. 1 1 7. 1820 In sandy, gravelly or sometimes rocky soil along streams, shores and on banks, often in woodlands. Common in most sections of the State. Var. commutata Scribn. Rhodora 9: 18. 1907 M. commutata Bush, Am. Mid. Nat. 6: 61. 1919 With larger and longer panicles; lemmas awned, the awns 4-10 mm long. Ranges across the State, chiefly south of the Adiron¬ dacks. 4 Muhlenbergia foliosa (R. & S.) Trin., Unifl. 190. 1824 Wood grass Agrostis foliosa R. & S. Syst. 2: 373. 1817 A. flliformis Willd. Enum. 95. 1809. Not Spreng. 1807 Trichochloa foliosa Trin. Fund. Agrost. 117. 1820 A. lateriflora var. flliformis Torr FI. U. S. 1 : 66. 1824 M. ambigua Torr., Nicollet’s Rep’t 164 (237). 1843 M. mexicana var. flliformis Scribn. Mem. Torr. Club 5: 36. 1894 In wet or swampy places. Infrequent but widely distributed across the State. Elizabethtown, Essex county, Peck. Monroe county, ' Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 78. 1917). Bergen swamp; Albany; Newcomb, Essex county, House. 5 Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) BSP. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 67. 1888 Wild timothy, satin grass Agrostis racemosa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 53. 1803 Polypogon glomeratus Willd. Enum. 87. 1809 A. setosa Muhl. Gram. 68. 1817 M. glomcrata Trin., Unifl. 191. 1824 In wet places and in upland marshes. Common throughout most sections of the State north and west of the Hudson Highlands. Rare on Long Island. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 93 Var. violacea Scribn., Rhodora 9 : 22. 1907, is reported from Hannibal, Oswego county. 6 Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willd.) BSP. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 67. 1888 Slender satin grass Agrostis tenuiflora Willd. Sp. PI. 1 : 364. 1797 A. pauciflora Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 63. 1814 Trichochloa longiseta Trin. Fund. Agrost. 117. 1820 M. IVilldenovii Trin. Unifl. 188. 1824 In rocky or dry woods. Frequent or locally abundant across the State south of the Adirondack region, but not reported from Long Island or Staten Island. Banks and cliffs of the Mohawk valley ; Little Falls, Cayuga lake and Yates county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co.) ; Sandaken, Ulster county, Peck. Napanoch, House. Oswego, Sheldon. Banks of the Genesee river and sandy knolls at Mendon ponds, Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3 : 125. 1896). Western New York, Gray. 7 Muhlenbergia umbrosa Scribn. Rhodora 9: 20. 1907 Woodland dropseed Agrostis diffusa Muhl., Gram. 64 1817. Not Host. 1809 A. sylvatica Torr. FI. U. S. 1 : 87. 1824. Not L. 1753 M. sylvatica Torr. Cat. PI. N. Y. 188. 1840 In moist woods, swamps and along streams. Frequent or locally abundant throughout the State. M. umbrosa var. attenuata Scribn., l.c., has been collected at Whitehall by Doctor Peck. 8 Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin. Unifl. 191. 1824 Long-awned hair grass Stipa capillaris Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1 : 158. 1791 Stipa sericea Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 54. 1803 Podosemum capillare Desv. Nouv. Bui. Soc. Philom. Paris 2 : 188. 1810 In dry, usually sandy soil. Reported from this State only at Wading River, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 124. 1915). Widely distributed southward. BRACHYELYTRUM Beauv. Agrost. 39. 1812 Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv., l.c. 155 Bearded short-husk Muhlenbergia erecta Schreb.; Besch. Gras. 3: 139. pi. 50. 1772-9. B. aristatum R. & S. Syst. 2: 413. 1817 Dilepyrum aristosum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 40. 1803 D. ercctum Farwell, Am. Mid. Nat. 8: 33. 1922 Moist places, often in woods. Frequent or common across the State northward and westward. Less common southward to Dutchess, Westchester and Greene counties and on the coastal plain of Long Island. 94 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM HELEOCHLOA Host, Gram. Austr. i : 23, pis. 29, 30. 1801 Heleochloa schoenoides (L.) Host., l.c. Rush-like timothy Phleum schoenoides L. Sp. PI. 60. 1753 Native of Europe. A rare adventive in waste places in southern New York. PHLEUM L. Sp. PI. 59. 1753 Phleum pratense L., l.c. Timothy, herd’s grass In fields and meadows, more rarely in open woods. Common throughout the State, but infrequent in densely wooded portions of the mountainous sections. Commonly cultivated for hay, and ap¬ parently naturalized from Europe. ALOPECURUS L., Sp. PI. 60. 1753 1 Alopecurus myosuroides Huds., FI. Angl. 23. 1762 Slender foxtail A. agrestis L., Sp. PI. ed. 2, 89. 1762 In waste places and on ballast. Adventive from Europe. Frequent near New York City. Menands, Albany county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 25: 645. 1899). 2 Alopecurus geniculatus L., Sp. PI. 60. 1753 Marsh foxtail In wet soil and marshes. Locally abundant as a weed about New York City (where probably adventive from Europe). Not reported from Long Island. Northward appearing in many places as though indigenous, although doubtless in large part adventive. Albany and Bethlehem, Peck. Lansingburg, E. C. Howe. Green Island, H. C. Gordinier. North Elba, Essex county, Peck. Rome, Peck. Oriskany creek, Oneida county, Vasey. Yates county, Sartwell. Monroe county, Baxter. Oswego, Sheldon. Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. Hammond, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. 3 Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. FI. Petrop. 16. 1799 Short-awned foxtail A. aristulatus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 43. 1803 A. fulvus J. E. Smith in Engl. Bot. 21 : pi. 1467. 1805 A. subaristatus Pers. Syn. 1 : 80. 1805 A. geniculatus var. aristulatus Torr. FI. U. S. 1 : 97. 1823 A. geniculatus var. fulvus Scribn. Torr. Club. Mem. 5 : 38. 1894 Moist or wet banks and meadows. Frequent or locally abundant northward. Scarce on Long Island, and perhaps adventive from Europe. Apparently indigenous northward. Little Falls ; Canaderaga lake outlet, Otsego county ; along Wood creek, Oneida county, Kneiskern ; valley of the Unadilla, Gray ; shore of Lake Ontario on Sodus Point; Wavne county; Penn Yan, ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 95 Yates county, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 165. 1865). North Spencer, Tioga county, MacDaniels & Eames. Oswego, Sheldon. Frequent (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3 : 125. 1896). Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Woodville, Jefferson county, House. 4 Alopecurus pratensis L. Sp. PI. 60. 1753. Meadow foxtail In meadows. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. Orient, Long Island, Burnham & Latham (Torrey 14: 231. 1914). Albany, Peck (40th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 74. 1887). Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 125. 1896). Lansing- burg, Rensselaer county, H. C. Gordinier. Clayville, Oneida county, House. SPOROBOLUS R. Br. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 1: 169. 1810 Rennetia Raf. Bui. Bot. Seringe 1 : 220. 1830 Crystostachys Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 181. 1854 1 Sporobolus vaginiflora Torr. ; Wood, Classbook 775. 1861 Sheathed rush grass V Ufa vaginiflora Torr. ; A. Gray, Gram. & Cyp. No. 3. 1834 In dry, rocky or sandy soil, locally abundant and apparently widely distributed throughout the State. Watertown, Jefferson county, Gray. Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. Sodus Point, Paine. Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Tioga county, Fenno. Wayne county, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3:125. 1896). Karner and Glenmont, Albany county, House. Bergen swamp, Genesee county, House. 2 Sporobolus neglectus Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 22: 464. 1895 Small rush grass In dry soil, often in waste places and appearing as if not indigenous. New York City, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 126. 1915). Catskill mountains, Sandlake and Whitehall, Peck (53d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 838. 1900). Rochester, in railroad yards, Baxter. Rochester (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 32. 1910, as S', vaginae florus, in part, at least, as to those specimens reexamined). 3 Sporobolus clandestinus (Spreng.) Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 150. 1906 Rough rush grass Agrostis clandestinus Spreng. FI. Hal. Mant. 32. 1807 S. asper (Kunth, misapplied by A. Gray), Man. ed. 6, 645. 1890 In dry soil, southern New York. Reported from Westchester county by Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 126. 1915). 4 Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth, Rev. Gram. 1: 68. 1829 Long-leaved rush grass Agrostis aspera Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 52. 1803 A. longifolia Torr. FI. U. S. 1 : 90. 1823 .S’, longifolius Wood, Classbook, 775. 1861 96 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In dry soil. Apparently frequent but of irregular occurrence as judged from reports and herbarium specimens. Rosendale, Peck (53d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 853. 1900). Whitehall, Washington county, Peck (State Mus. Bui. 67: 35. 1903). Common on Long Island and Staten Island, also in the Bronx, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 126. 1915)- Poughkeepsie, /. Carey, Aug. 1835 (Sartwell herbarium). East Rochester, Baxter. 5 Sporobolus uniflorus (Muhl.) Scribn. & Merr., U. S. Dept. Agric. Agrost. Circ. 27 : 5. 1900 Late-flowering dropseed Poa uniflora Muhl. Descr. Gram. 151. 1817 Agrostis serotina Torr. FI. U. S. 1 : 88. 1823 S. serotina A. Gray, Man. 577. 1848 Poa modesta Tuckerm. Am. Jour. Sci. 14: 45. 1843 In wet sandy soil. Rare or local. Sodus bay, Wayne county, /. A. Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 166. 1865). Near Old Adirondack Iron works, Essex county, Peck (27th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 114. 1877). Riverhead, Long Island, and reported from Westchester county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 127. 1915). Long lake, Oneida county, House. Wading River, Suffolk county, Peck. Jayville, Peck. Lake Pleasant, Hamilton county; Newcomb, Essex county and Tupper lake, Franklin county, House. 6 Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray, Man. 576. 1848 Sand dropseed Agrostis cryptandra Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1 : 151. 1824 In sandy soil. Rare on Long Island. Frequent along the shore of Lake Ontario. Orient Point, Roy Latham. West side of Onondaga lake, and on beaches of Lake Ontario from Sodus bay, Wayne county to Brad- dock’s bay, Monroe county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida county. 166. 1865). Webster, Monroe county, J. Dunbar (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 150: 49. 1911). Three miles northeast of Oswego, J. H. Wibbe (Torr. Club Bui. 10; 46. 1883). Buffalo, IV. E. A. Aiken (Sart¬ well herbarium). Sodus Point, Wayne county, D. M. White. Bayville, Nassau county; Woodville, Jefferson county, House. 7 Sporobolus heterolepis A. Gray, Man. 576. 1848 Northern dropseed In dry soil, northern part of the State. Rare. On rocks, Watertown, Jefferson county, Crawe (Gray in Rare Plants of Northern New York; Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida county. 166. 1865; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 440. 1843). 8 Sporobolus Torreyanus (Schultes) Nash; in Britton, Man. 107. 1901 Flat-stemmed dropseed Agrostis comprcssa Torr. Cat. PI. N. Y. 91. 1819. Not Willd. 1790 A. Torreyana Schultes Mant. 2: 203. 1824 S. compressus Kunth, Enum. 1: 217. 1833 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 97 In pine-barren bogs on Long Island, Omitted from the flora of New York by Torrey (1843), but reported from Long Island in Robinson & Fernald (Gray’s Man. ed. 7, p. 13 1 ) , and in Britton & Brown (Illus. FI. ed. 2, 1: 200). POLYPOGON Desf. FI. Atl. 1: 66. 1798 Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., l.c. 67 Annual beard grass Alopecurus monspeliensis L. Sp. PI. 61. 1753 In waste places. Rare as a weed and adventive from Europe. Yonkers ( E . C. Hozve, in state herbarium). CINNA L. Sp. PI. 5. 1753 Abo la Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 31, 51 1. 1763 B 1 y 1 1 i a Fries, Novit. FI. Suec. Mant. 2 : 2. 1839 1 Cinna arundinacea L. Sp. PI. 5. 1753 Wood or sweet reed grass Agrostis cinna Lam. Ill. 1 : 162. 1791 Muhlenbergia cinna Trin. Diss. x: 191. 1824 Blyttia suave olens Fries, l.c. In moist or wet woods and swamps. Frequent or common, thoughout the State except in the pine-barrens of Long Island. 2 Cinna latifolia (Treviran) Griseb. in Ledeb. FI. Ross. 4: 435. 1853 Slender wood or sweet reed grass Agrostis latifolia Treviran, in Goeppert, Beschr. d. Bot. Gart. Breslau, 82. 1830 Cinna pendula Trin. Mem. Acad. St Petersb. (BI.) Sci. Nat. 41: 280. 1841 Muhlenbergia pendula Bong. Veg. Sitch. 172. 1833 In damp woods. Frequent or occasional throughout the Adiron¬ dack region. Elsewhere rare or local. Pine Plains, Dutchess county and in the Catskills, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 128. 1915). Frequent in the high woodlands on the hills south of the Mohawk valley, from Summit lake, Otsego county to Hidden lake, southern Herkimer county ; Oriskany swamp. Oneida county, Vasey; Trenton Falls, Gray ; Alexandria Bay, G. W. Clinton (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida county 167. 1865). Rare, Irondequoit bay, Monroe county and in Wayne county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 126. 1898). Orient Point, Long Island, Roy Latham. Apala- chin, Tioga county, Fenno. Summit of Mount Marcy, House. AGROSTIS L. Sp. PI. 61. 1753 A per a Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 495. 1763 V i 1 f a Adans., l.c. Trichodium Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 41. pi. 8. 1803 A g r a u 1 u s Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 5, pl. 4. f . 7. 1812 Anemagrostis Trin. Fund. Agrost. 128. 1820 Notonema Raf. Neogent. 4. 1825 4 98 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 1 Agrostis spica-venti L. Sp. PI. 61. 1753.* Silky bent grass, windlestraw Apcra spica-venti Beauv. Agrost. 31, 151. 1812 In waste places and on ballast. Adventive from Europe. Rare about New York City. Lansingburg, E. C. Howe (42d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 16. 1889). 2 Agrostis palustris Huds. FI. Angl. 27. 1762 Red-top A. alba of most authors, doubtfully of Linnaeus Common in all parts of the State, except some of the unlumbered portions of the Adirondacks and Catskills, and deep swamps. Un¬ doubtedly introduced in early colonial times from Europe. See Hitchcock (Genera of Grasses of U. S. 128. 1920) and Piper (U. S. Dept. Agric. Bui. 692, 1918). Agrostis palustris var. stricta (Willd.) comb. nov. A. stricta Willd. Sp. PI. 1 : 366. 1797; Torr. FI. N. Y. 2 : 442. 1843 A. alba var. aristata A. Gray, Man. 578. 1848 A more or less marked variety with awned florets which is re¬ garded by most authorities as indigenous to this country. Sandy fields near Oneida lake, Kneiskern (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 166. 1865). Sandy fields, Albany county, House. Lansing¬ burg, E. C. Hozve (46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 52. 1893, as var. minor Vasey). 3 Agrostis tenuis Sibth. FI. Oxon. 36. 1794 Rhode Island bent Agrostis vulgaris With. Bot. Arr. Brit. PI. ed. 3, 2: 132. 1796 Dry knolls and hills, sometimes in meadows and open woods. Common. Regarded as of European origin. This species has been referred to Agrostis capillaris L., and has also been erroneously called Ag. canina by Beal (1887) and many subsequent authors. 4 Agrostis stolonifera L. Sp. PI. 62. 1753 A form of this species, usually under the name of creeping bent, or carpet bent, is commonly cultivated as a lawn grass, and is naturalized in many portions of the State. The teratological form, * Under Agrostis, Linnaeus describes 12 species, in 2 groups, Aristatae and Muticae. From the generic description (Gen. PI. ed. 5, 30. 1754), it is evident that those with awned lemma and with a palea present must be regarded as typical. The first of these (since no pre-linnaean citation is given) is Agrostis spica-venti. If this species is to be maintained as generically distinct from Agrostis vulgaris, etc., it would be retained in Agrostis, and the other bent grasses would have to be placed in Vilfa Adans. Hitchcock (Genera of Grasses of the United States, 127, 1920), adopts Agrostis stolonifera, as the type of the genus Agrostis L. His reasons are clearly directed toward avoiding the change from Agrostis to Vilfa, for our common bent grasses, the name Vilfa having been used also for species of Sporobolus and hence apt to further increase the confusion in the nomenclature of the bent grasses. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 99 due to the presence of nematodes in the abortive ovaries, producing elongated floral parts, ( Agrostis sylvatica L.) has been collected in the Adirondacks by Peck, and occasionally reported from other portions of the State. 5 Agrostis maritima Lam. Encycl. i: 61. 1783 Fiorin, dense-flowered bent grass A. coarctata Ehrh. ; Hoffm. Deutsch. FI. ed. 2, 1: 37. 1800 A. alba var. maritima G. F. W. Mey. Chloris Hanov. 656. 1836 In wet sand or brackish marshes along the coast, and locally inland at Oneida lake, Montezuma marshes, Onondaga lake, along Lake Ontario, and at Machias, Tioga county. Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. Doubtless elsewhere. 6 Agrostis canina L. Sp. PI. 62. 1753 Velvet bent Native of Europe and a frequent constituent of commercial seed of creeping bent. 7 Agrostis borealis Hartm. Scand. FI. ed. 3, 17. 1838 Alpine bent grass A. canina var. alpina Oakes, Cat. PI. Vermont 32. 1842 A. canina var. tenella Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 443. 1843 A. Pickeringii Tuckerm. in Hovey’s Mag. Hort. 9: 143. 1843 A. rubra var. americana Scribn. in Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 5: 391. 1890 A. rubra var. alpina MacM. Met. Minn. 65. 1893 Near or on the summits of the higher Adirondacks. Top of Mount Marcy, Peck. Marcy trail and on Whiteface, Peck. Summit of Mount McIntyre, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 147. 1899, as A. nlbra). Tahawas, Essex county, House. 8 Agrostis Schweinitzii Trin. Mem. Acad. St Petersb. (VI.) Math phys. Nat. 41 : 311. 1841 Thin grass In shaded damp places, chiefly in the wooded and mountainous sections of the State. Common in the Adirondacks. Reported south¬ ward to Westchester and Bronx counties and on Staten Island. 9 Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm., Am. Jour. Sci. 45: 44. 1843 Upland bent grass Cornucopiae perennans Walt. FI. Car. 74. 1788 A. intermedia Scribn., Torr. Club Bui. 20: 476. 1893. Not Balb. 1801 A. Scribneriana Nash; in Small, FI. SE. U. S. 126. 1903 A. pseudo-intermedia Farwell, 2d Rep’t. Mich. Acad. Sci. 35. 1901 In dry soil. Apparently common throughout most sections of the State, but many reports of this doubtless refer in part at least to the preceding species. IOO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Agrostis perennans var. elata (Pursh) Hitchc., U. S. Dept. Agric. Bu. PL Ind. Bui. 68: 50. 1905 Tall bent grass Trichodium datum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 61. 1814 A. elata Trin., Men. Acad. St Petersb. (VI.) Math. Phys. Nat. 41: 317. 1841 A. altissima Tuckerm., Am. Jour. Sci. 45: 44. 1843, as to plant described, doubtfully Cormicopiac altissima Walt. A. hyemalis var. elata Fernald, Rhodora 23 : 229. 1922 In swamps on Long Island. Uncommon. Edgemere, and re¬ ported as common in southwestern Long Island by Bicknell (Taylor, FI. Vic. N. Y. 129. 1915). 10 Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B. S. P., Prel. Cat. N. Y. 68. 1888 Hair grass, silk grass Cornucopiae hyemalis Walt. FI. Car. 73. 1788 Agrostis scabra Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 370. 1797 Trichodium laxiflorum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 42. 1803 Agrostis laxiflora Poir., Encycl. Suppl. 1: 255. 1810 ; Richardson, Franklin Voy. 731 (App. 3). 1823 Agrostis laxiflora var. scabra Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 422. 1843 In dry soil, or sometimes in moist places. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State. A plant closely related to A. hyemalis, said to be common on Long Island, has been described as Agrostis antecedens Bicknell (Torr. Club Bui. 35: 473. 1908). 11 Agrostis Peckii House, Am. Mid. Nat. 7: 126. 1921 Tufted hair grass A. caespitosa Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1 : 152. 1824. Not Salisb. Trichodium montanum Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1: 84. 1824. Not A. montana R. Br. A. Torreyi Kunth, Enum. 1: 226. 1833; Tuckerman in Hovey’s Mag. 9: 143. 1843. Not A. Torreyana Schult. 1824 A. laxiflora var. montana Tuckerm. Am. Jour. Sci. 45: 43. 1843 A. laxiflora var. caespitosa Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 442. 1843 A. oreopliila (Trinius, misapplied by) Nash in Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. Ed. 2, 3: 207. 1913 A rather anomalous species, closely related to A. hyemalis, pos¬ sessing awned spikelets, and at higher altitudes with a tendency to form tufts with numerous slender radical leaves. The species as here considered may be regarded as based upon A. caespitosus Tor¬ rey (1824), who first described it fully. The awn when present, varies in length and springs from the back of the flowering glume. According to Hitchcock, Agrostis oreophilus Trin., as to type speci¬ men, is a small erect form of A. perennans. Mount Beacon, near Fishkill, Torrey (in Torrey herbarium, type). Bald mountain, Herkimer county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida county 166. 1865); Haberer (Rhodora 7: 106. 1905). Essex county, Peck. Lake Pleasant, Hamilton county, Peck. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS IOI MIBORA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 495. 1763 Mibora minima (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 30. 1812; Desv. Obs. PI. Anj. 45. 1818 Agrostis minima L. Sp. PI. 63. 1753 Mibora verna Beauv., l.c. 167; S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 155. 1821 Adventive in fields and neglected nursery plots at Rochester (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 32. 1910). Native of Europe. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 31, 530. 1763 D e y e u x i a Clarion ; Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 43. pi. 9. f. 9. 1812 Amagris Raf. Prim. Somiol. 27. 1814 Athernotus Dulac, FI. Hautes-Pyr. 74. 1867 1 Calamagrostis Pickeringii A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 541. 1856 Pickering’s reed grass C. sylvatica var. breviseta A. Gray, Man. 582. 1848 C. breviseta Scribn. Mem. Torr. Club 5: 41. 1894 In wet places. Infrequent or rare in the Adirondack region. Summit of Mount Marcy, Lake Tear and Big Moose Station, Peck (state herbarium). Wilmurt, Flerkimer county, Haberer 26*75. Shore of Lake Harris, Newcomb, Essex county, House 7384, 1920. Var. lacustris (Kearney) Hitchc. Rhodora 8: 210. 1906 C. breviseta lacustris Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agric. Agrost. Bui. 11: 25. 1898 C. lacustris Nash, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 1: 208. 1913 In shallow water. Reported from Racquet lake, Leggett 1867 (National herbarium, according to Kearney). 2 Calamagrostis perplexa Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agric. Agrost. Circ. 30: 7. 1901 Wood reed grass C. nemoralis Kearney, l.c. 26. Not Philippi, 1896 Deyeuxia Porteri Dudley, Cayuga FI. 125. 1886 Thacher’s pinnacle, near Danby, Tompkins county, Dudley August 1, 1884 (national herbarium, duplicate in herbarium N. Y. State Mus.) ; Coville, 1888 (41st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 58. 1888, as C. Porteri ) . Calamagrostis Langsdorfii (Link) Trim, has been reported from Mount Marcy, and Mount McIntyre (collected by Britton), but the species is not recorded as occurring in this State either in Gray’s Manual, ed. 7 (1908), or in Britton & Brown’s, Illus. Flora, ed. 2 (1913). Britton’s collection is cited for Mount Marcy by Taylor (Ecology 1: 227. 1920). Inman (Rhodora 24: 143. 1922) re¬ duces this to a variety of C. canadensis. 102 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 3 Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beam., Ess. Agrost. 15. 157. 1812 Blue-joint grass Arundo canadensis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 73. 1803 A. agrostoides Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 86. 1814 C. Purshii Kunth, Enum. x : 208. 1833 In meadows, thickets, moist soil and on rocks. Common north¬ ward in the State and the most abundant grass of the northern beaver meadows. ' Less frequent in the western part of the State and rare or absent from the pine barrens of Long Island. 4 Calamagrostis neglecta (Ehrh.) Gaertn., FI. Wett. 1: 94. 1799 Narrow reed grass Arundo neglecta Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 137. 1791 C. stricta Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 15. 1812 C. neglecta borealis Kearney, l.c. 11: 35. 1898 Locally abundant on the higher summits of the Adirondacks Wallface mountain, Peck. Summit of Mount Marcy, Taylor (Ecology 1: 227. 1920) 5 Calamagrostis Porteri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 79. 1862 Porter’s reed grass Deyeuxia Porteri Vasey, Descr. Cat. Grasses U. S. 5.1. 1885 In dry woods. Rare. Known only from Sullivan hill, Chemung county, T. F. Lucy 1185, 1895. 6 Calamagrostis inexpansa A. Gray, Gram. & Cyp. 1 : No. 20. 1834 Bog reed grass C. confinis A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 547. 1856. Not Nutt., 1818 In swamps, bogs and wet meadows. Rare and locally distributed on Long Island, Albany and Yates counties. Smithtown, Long Island, Peck. Penn Yan, Yates county Sartwell (Herbarium Hamilton College). Karner, Albany county, House 6417, 1919. 7 Calamagrostis hyperborea Lange, Icon. PI. FI. Dan. 17: 3: pi. 2942. f. 1. 1880. Northern reed grass C. robusta Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 82. 1892 C. lapponica A. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 650. 1890. Not Trin. Moist meadows and calcareous cliffs. The range of this species indicates that it might be expected in the higher Adirondacks, but no definite records are available. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 103 8 Calamagrostis cinnoides (Muhl.) Barton, Comp. FI. Phila. 1: 45. 1818 Nuttall’s reed grass Arundo cinnoides Muhl. Gram. 187. 1817 C. canadensis Nutt. Gen. 1: 46. 1818. Not Beauv. 1812 C. Nuttalliana Stued. Nom. ed. 2, 1: 251. 1840 C. coarctata Torr. FI. N. Y. 2 : 444. pi. 151. 1843. Not Steud. 1840 In moist soil. Frequent in the southern part of the State. Apala- chin, Tioga county, Fenno. Not reported from north of the Hudson Highlands or from the western counties. AMMOPHILA Host. Gram. Austr. 4: 24. pi. 41. 1809 Psamma Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 143 pi. 6. /. 1. 1812 Ammophila breviligulata Fernald, Rhodora 22: 71. 1920 Sea sand-reed, psamma, marram or beach grass A. arenaria Am. Auth., not A. arenaria (L.) Link, of Europe Sandy beaches along the coast of southeastern New York and along Lake Ontario. Locally abundant (cf. Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida county 167. 1865 ; Beckzvith, Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 126. 1896). NOTHOLCUS Nash; Hitchc. in Jepson, FI. Calif. 3: 126. 1912 Ginannia Bubani, FI. Pyren. 4: 321. 1901. Not Scop. 1777 Nothoholcus Nash, in Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. ed. 2, 1: 214. 1913 Notholcus lanatus (L.) Nash, l.c. Velvet grass Holcus lanatus L. Sp. PI. 1048. 1753 Ginannia lanata Hubbard, Rhodora 18: 234. 1916 In fields, meadows and waste places. Naturalized from Europe. Common on Long Island. Less frequent northward and westward in the State. ASPRIS Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 496. 1763 Aspris caryophyllea (L.) Nash, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 1: 214. 1923 Silvery hair gras Aira caryphyllca L. Sp. PI. 66. 1753 Adventive from Europe and rare as a weed in fields and waste places. CORYNEPHORUS Beauv. Agrost. 90. t. 18. f. 2. 1812 Corynephorus canescens Beauv., l.c. Native of southern Europe. Reported by Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 131. 1915) as rare on western Long Island. AIRA L. Sp. PI. 63. 1753 Deschampsia Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 91. pi. 18. f. 3. 1812 Lerchenfeldia Schur., Enum. PI. Transs. 753. 1866 104 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 1 Aira caespitosa L. Sp. PI. 64. 1753 Tufted hair grass Aira ambigua Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 61. 1803 Deschampsia caespitosa Beauv., l.c. 160 Aira aristidata Torr., FI. U. S. 1: 132. 1824 Moist soil, chiefly on banks or along streams. Rare or locally abundant. Not reported from the coastal plain of Long Island. Albany; Watertown, Gray; Dexter, Vasey; Fairfield, Herkimer county and near Utica, Gray; Crooked lake outlet, Sartzvell; along shore of Lake Ontario and in Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida county 172. 1865). Caroga, Fulton county, Peck. Farley’s Point, Cayuga lake, Dudley. Marl ponds, Cortland county, Peck. Bergen swamp, Peck, Baxter, House, and others. 2 Aira flexuosa L., Sp. PI. 65. 1 753. Wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa Trin., Mem. Acad. St Petersb. (VI.) Sci. Nat. 2 : 9. 1836 Salmasia flexuosa Bub., l.c. 319 In dry soil, usually in sandy or rocky situations. Frequent or common throughout the State. Collected by Peck on the summit of Mount McIntyre, and it is also common on Long Island. 3 Aira atropurpurea Wahl. FI. Lapp. 37. 1812 Mountain hair grass Deschampsia atropurpurea Scheele, Flora 27 : 5.6. 1844 Summit of Mount Marcy, Peck (52d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 663. 1899, as D. flexuosa). Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2 : 451. 1843). TRISETUM Pers. Syn. 1: 97. 1805 Graphephorum Desv., Nouv. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 189. 1810 I Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richter, PI. Europ. 1: 59. 1890 Narrow false oat Aira spicata L. Sp. PI. 64. 1753 Aira subspicata L. Syst. Veg. ed. 10, 873. 1759 Avena mollis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 72. 1803. Not Koel. 1802 T. subspicatum Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 88, 180. 1812 On calcareous soil and limestone cliffs and rocks. Chiefly in the Mohawk valley westward to Jefferson and Monroe counties. Locally in Essex and Orange counties. Montgomery, Orange county, Crabtree. Wallface mountain, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 148. 1899). Ausable Chasm, Knowl- ton. Black river near Brownville, Peck. Lyon’s Falls, Habercr. Irondequoit bay, Holzer, Booth; Lake shore of Jefferson county, Crawe, Gray; Little Falls, Gray (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida county 172. 1865). Central Bridge, Peck (32d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 54. 1880). Lewis bluff, Oswego, Sheldon. South Bay, Madison county ; Trenton Falls, Haberer. Trisetum melicoides (Michx.) Vasey ( Aira melicoidcs Michx., Graphepho¬ rum melicoideum Beauv., Dupontia Coolcyi A. Gray), in wet soil, Anticosti island to Ontario, south to Maine, Vermont and Michigan, should be looked for in the northern part of the State, ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS I05 2 Trisetum flavescens (L.) Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 88. pi. 18. f. I. 1812 Yellow false oat Avena flavescens L. Sp. PI. 802. 1753 T. pratense Pers. Syn. 1 : 97. 1805 Native of Europe. Adventive in Westchester county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 132. 1915), and Potsdam, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. AVENA L. Sp. PI. 79. 1753 1 Avena fatua L., l.c. 80 Wild oat In fields and waste places. Frequent or common in waste places. Naturalized from Europe. Most of the varieties of oat in cultiva¬ tion in the temperate and mountain regions have been derived from this species. 2 Avena sativa L., l.c. 79 Oats Persisting in fields and spontaneous along roadsides and in waste ground. Usually not tending to become established. Native of Europe. ARRHENATHERUM Beauv., Agrost. 55. pi. 11. f. 5. 1812 Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv.; M. & K. in Rohl. Deutsch. FI. 1 : 546. 1823 Tall oat grass Avena elatior L. Sp. PI. 79. 1753 In fields and waste places. Infrequent or locally abundant. Naturalized from Europe. Var. nodosum (Reichb.) Hubbard, and forma striatum Hubbard, are described in Rhodora 18: 235. 1916. MELICA L. Sp. PI. 66. 1753 Bromelica (Thurb.) Farwell, Rhodora 21: 77. 1919 Melica purpurascens (Torr.) Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 156. 1908 Purple oat Avena striata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 73. 1803. Not Lam. 1783 Trisetum purpurascens Torr. FI. U. S. 1: 127. 1824 Melica striata Hitchc. Rhodora 8: 21 1. 1906 Avena Torreyi Nash; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. Ed. 2, x; 219. 1913 Bromelica striata Farwell, l.c. In woods and clearings. Frequent across the northern part of the State, southward to Albany county and westward to Lake Erie. Rare along the southern part of its range. DANTHONIA DC. FI. Franc, ed. 3, 3: 32. 1805 Pentameris Beauv. Agrest. 92. pi. 18. f. 8. 1812 Merathrepta Raf., Bui. Bot. Seringe 1: 221. 1830 io6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 1 Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. ; R. & S. Syst. 2: 690. 1817 Common wild oat grass Avena spicata L. Sp. PI. 80. 1753 In dry soil. Common throughout most sections of the State, except the pine-barrens of Long Island. Local or rare in the Adiron- dacks and throughout the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. North Elba, Essex county. White. Fourth lake, Herkimer county, House. 2 Danthonia compressa Austin ; in Peck, 22d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. p. 54. 1869 Austin’s oat grass D. Alleni Austin, Torr. Club Bui. 3: 21. 1872 In woods and clearings. Infrequent, local or rare. Danube, Herkimer county, Austin (type in state herbarium). Ful¬ ton Chain, Herkimer county, Peck ( 53d Rep’t State Mus. 654. 1899). Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. Rockaway, Long Island, Allen (type of D. Alleni). Not reported from the Catskill mountains. Along Black river below Watertown, House. 3 Danthonia sericea Nutt. Gen. 1: 71. 1818 Silky wild oat grass In dry sandy soil. Coastal plain region from Massachusetts south¬ ward. Reported from but not definitely known on Long Island. CAPRIOLA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 31. 1763 C y n o d o n Rich. ; Pers. Syn. 1 : 85. 1805 F i b i c h i a Koel. Gram. Gall. & Gem. 308. 1802 Capriola Dactylon (L. ) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 764. 1891 Bermuda or scutch grass Panicum Dactylon L. Sp. PI. 58. 1753 Cynodon Dactylon Pers., l.c. F. umbcllata Koel., l.c. F. Dactylon Beck, in Wiss. Mitth. Bosn. Hcrzegow. g: 436. 1900 In fields and waste places. Naturalized from Europe in southern and eastern New York and near Rochester, Syracuse and Buffalo. SPARTINA Schreb. ; Gmel. Syst. 1: 123. 1791 Limnetis Rich.; Pers. Syn. 1: 72. 1805. T rachynotia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. r : 63. 1803 i Spartina Michauxiana Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 153. I9°8 Tall marsh grass S', cynosuroidcs (Roth, misapplied by) A. Gray, Man. 585. 1848 In swamps or streams of fresh or brackish water. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 107 Frequent on Long Island and Staten Island and the northern end of Manhattan Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 133. 1915). Water- town; Oneida lake, Gray; Onondaga lake; Cayuga marshes; Canandaigua lake, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 168. 1865). Frequent in marshes bordering the Genesee river (Proc. Roch. Acad. 3: 123. 1896). Hudson river in Greene, Albany and Rensselaer counties, House. Morristown, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Not reported from the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania nor from the Adirondack region. 2 Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Roth, Catalect. 3: 10. 1806 Salt reed grass Dactylis cynosuroides L. Sp. PI. 71. 1753 Trachynotia polystachya Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 64. 1803 T. cynosuroides Michx., l.c. 3". polystachya Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 95. 1816 In salt and brackish marshes along the coast of Long Island and Staten Island, and near Yonkers. 3 Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. Gram. 55. 1817 Salt-meadow grass Dactylis patens Ait. Hort. Kew. 1 : 104. 1789 S. pumila Roth, l.c. On salt meadows and sandy beaches along the coast of Long Island and Staten Island, and the Long Island sound coast of Bronx and Westchester counties. Common and passing into the more robust variety : Var. juncea (Michx.) Hitchc. Rhodora 8: 210. 1906 Trachynotia juncea Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 64. 1803 Frequent or common in the same range as the typical species Var. caespitosa (A. A. Eaton) Hitchc., l.c. Spartina caespitosa A. A. Eaton, Torr. Club Bui. 25: 338. 1898 Borders of salt marshes near Orient, Long Island, Latham 4 Spartina alterniflora Loisel. FI. Gall. 2: 719. 1807 Smooth salt-marsh grass S. stricta var. alterniflora A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 552. 1856 S. glabra var. alterniflora Merrill, U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. PI. Ind. Bui. 9: 9. 1902 S', stricta, of Am. authors, mainly, not Roth Frequent or common in the salt-marshes and brackish meadows along the coastal region of Long Island, Staten Island and the Long Island sound shore of Bronx and Westchester counties. Var. glabra (Muhl.) Fernald, Rhodora 18: 178. 1916 Dactylis maritima Walt., not Curtis. S', glabra Muhl. S. stricta var. glabra Gray. S', stricta maritima Scribn. L. glabra Nutt. io8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Frequent on ithe coast of the southern states. Orient Point, Lathapn. Oceanside, House. Var. pilosa (Merrill) Fernald, l.c. 179 S. glabra pilosa Merrill, l.c. Gilgo Beach, Suffolk county, Long Island, House (det. Chase). BOUTELOUA Lag. Var. Cienc. y Litter. 24 : 134. 1805 Atheropogon Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4 : 937. 1805 1 Bouteloua gracilis (FI.B.K.) Lag.; Steud. Nom. ed. 2, 1: 219. 1840 Blue grama grass, Mesquite grass Chondrosum gracile H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 176. pi. 58- 1816 Atheropogon oligostachya Nutt. Gen. 1: 78. 1818 B. oligostachya Torr. ; A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 55.3. 1856 Native of the western states. Adventive at Cobb’s Hill, Rochester, Beckwith (Proc. Roch. Acad. 5: 78. 1917). 2 Bouteloa curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. in Emory’s Rep. 154. 1848 Side-oats grama, tall grama grass Chloris curtipendula Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 59. 1803 B. racemosa Lag. Var. Cienc. y Litter. 24: 141. 1805 Atheropogon apludioides Muhl. l.c. Cynosurus secundus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 2: 728. 1814 Atheropogon curtipendulus Fourn. Mex. PI. Gram. 139. 1886 In dry soil. Rensselear county westward and southward across the State. Rare. Lansingburg, E. C. Hoive. Schenectady, J. H. l-Vibbe (Torr. Club Bui. 13: 39. 1886). Orange and Dutchess counties, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2: 450. 1843). Iron-dequoit, Monroe county, Baxter (Proc. Roch. Acad. 3: 127. 1896). ELEUSINE Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 1 : 7. pi. 1. 1788 Eleusine indica (L.)Gaertn. l.c. 8. Yard grass, wire grass Cynosurus indicus L. Sp. PI. 72. 1753 In fields, dooryards and waste places, especially about cities. Naturalized from the warmer regions of the Old World. Not reported from the northern counties of the State. DACTYLOCTENIUM Willd. Enum. 1029. 1809 Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L. ) Willd. l.c. Egyptian grass Cynosurus aegyptius L. Sp. PI. 72. 1753 Eleusine aegyptia Pers. Syn. 1: 87. 1805 Rare or local as a weed in waste places, chiefly in the southern part of the State. Adventive or naturalized from the warmer portions of the Old World. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS IO9 "4- 8«(. PHRAGMITES Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 34, 559. 1763 Miphragtes Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 332. 1914 Trichoon Roth, Arch. Bot. Roemer i3 : 37. 1798 Phragmites Phragmites (L.) Karst. Deutsch. FI. 378. 1883 Common reed grass Arundo Phragmites L. Sp. PI. 81. 1753 P. communis Trin. Fund. Agrost. 134. 1820 T. Karka Roth, l.c. In swamps and wet places. Locally common throughout the State except the Adirondack^ and the pine-barrens of Long Island. Pine plains of Schenectady, Pearson; Summit lake, Otsego county; Oriskany, Kneiskern; Cayuga marshes; head of Seneca lake ; Crooked lake, Sartwell; in all of the bays and marshes along Lake Ontario ; swamps of West Bergen, Genesee county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 171. 1865). Oneida lake, House. Common along the Hudson river. Not reported from the Chenango, Susquehanna or Tioga valleys. TRIODIA R. Br. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 1 : 182. 1810 T r i c u s p i s Beauv. Agrost. 77. pi. 15 f. 10. 1812. Not Pers. 1807 Tridens R. & S. Syst. 2 : 34, 599. 1817 Windsor ia Nutt. Gen. PI. 1: 70. 1818 Triodia flava (L.) Hitchc. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bui. 772: 76. 1920 Tall red-top, purple top Poa flava L. Sp. PL 68. 1753 Poa sesleroides Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 68. 1803 Sieglingia sesleroides Scribn. Torrey Club Mem. 5: 48. 1894 S. flava Kuntze, Rev. Gen. FI. 789. 1891 Tricuspis flava Flubbard, Rhodora 14: 186. 1912 Tridens flavus Hitchc. Rhodora 8: 210. 1906 In fields, meadows and marshes. Long Island and Staten Island northward through the Hudson valley to Albany county, westward to Lake Ontario, Genesee and Erie counties. Frequent southward ; local or rare northward. TRIPLASIS Beauv. Agrost. 81. pi. 16. f. 10. 1812 U r a 1 e p s i s Nutt. Gen. 1 : 62. 1818 Diplocea Raf. Am. Jour. Sci. x: 252. 1819 Triplasis purpurea (Walt.) Chapm. FI. S. U. S. 560. i860 Sand grass Aira purpurea Walt. FI. Car. 78. 1788 Uralepsis aristulata Nutt., l.c. 63. Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 45,5. 1843 Diplocea barbata Raf., l.c. Tricuspis purpurea (Nutt.) A. Gray, Man. 589. 1848 Sieglingia purpurea (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 789. 1891 In sand, especially along the sea beaches of Long Island and Staten Island. Reported from the Great Lakes, Buffalo, G. W. Clinton. 1 10 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM LEPTOCHLOA Beauv. Agrost. 71, 166. pi. 15 f. 1. 1812 D i p 1 a c h n e Beauv., l.c. 80. pi. 16. f. 9 O x y d e n i a Nutt. Gen. x: 76. 1818 Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray, Man. eel. 1, 588. 1848 Clustered salt-meadow grass Festuca fascicularis Lam. Encvcl. Tabl. 1: 189. 1791 F. procumbens Muhl. Gram. 160. 1817 Diplachne fascicularis Beauv., l.c. 160 D. procumbens Nash, in Britton, Man. 128. 1901 D. maritima Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 35 : 195 1908 Brackish marshes and shores, along the coast of Long Island and Staten Island. Not common. Also inland at Onondaga lake. MOLINIA Schrank, Baier. FI. 1 : 100. 1789 Molinia coerulea (L.) Moench. Meth. 183. 1794 Purple melic grass, moor grass Aira caerulea L. Sp. PI. 63. 1753 Sparingly adventive on ballast and in waste places. Native of Europe. Rare about New York City. Fort Washington, Long Island, House. Found at Caroga, Fulton county by Peck (38th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 83. 1885). ERAGROSTIS Host, Icon. Gram. Austr. 4: 14. pi. 14. f. //. 1809 Erochloe Raf. Neogent. 4, 1825; Bui. Bot. Seringe 1: 221. 1830 1 Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees, Agrost. Bras. 505. 1829 Lace grass, slender love grass Poa capillaris L. Sp. PI. 68. 1753 Foa tenuis Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 156. 1816 In dry places. Infrequent or local throughout the State south of the Adirondack region. Western New York, Gray; Clyde river, Wayne county; Crooked lake, Sartzuell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 170. 1865). In Man¬ hattan, the Bronx and Westchester counties, and at Aqueduct, Long Island, Taylor (FI. VTic. N. Y. 136. 1915). Brockport, Monroe county (Proc. Roch. Acad. 3: 127. 1896). Yonkers, E. C. Howe. Menands, Albany county, Peck. 2 Eragrostis Frankii Steud. Syn. PI. Gram. 273. 1854 Frank’s love grass In moist places. Infrequent or local. Not found in the Adiron¬ dack region and not reported from the lower Hudson valley, Long Island or Staten Island. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS III Near Troy, E. C. Howe (39th Rep’t State Mus. 38. 1886). Waterford, Burnham. Schenectady, /. H. Wibhe. Oneida lake, House. Ithaca, W . R. Dudley. Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 131. 1898). 3 Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 71, 162. 1812 Small tufted love grass Poa pilosa L. Sp. PI. 68. 1753 Waste places or in cultivated ground. Infrequent or locally abundant. Naturalized from Europe. Abundant at Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House ; and at Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. 4 Eragrostis caroliniana (Spreng.) Scribn. Torr. Club. Mem. 5: 49. 1894 Pursh’s love grass Poa caroliniana Spreng. Mant. FI. Hal. 33. 1807 Poa tcnella Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 80. 1814. Not L. Eragrostis Purshii Schrad. Linnaea 12: 451. 1838 In dry places. Frequently a weed in many localities, especially along railroads. Not reported from the Adirondack and other northern sections of the State. Albany, Clinton (36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 40. 1884). Yonkers, E. C. Howe (35th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 131. 1884). Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 131. 1898). Monroe county (Proc. Roch. Acad. 3: 127. 1896; 5: 33> 78. 1910-17). Glenmont, Albany county, House. Oneida lake, House. 5 Eragrostis Eragrostis (L.) Beauv. Agrost. pi. 14. f. 11. 1812 Low love grass Poa Eragrostis L. Sp. PI. 68. 1753 E. poaeoides Beauv., l.c. 162 E. minor Host, FI. Austr. 1 : 135. 1827 In waste grounds and cultivated soil. Frequent throughout the State, and usually common about cities and towns. Naturalized from Europe. 6 Eragrostis peregrina Wiegand, Rhodora 19: 95. 1917. — Long, Rhodora2i: 133-140. 1919 Related to E. caroliniana. Described from plants adventive along railroad at Ithaca, N. Y. Not common but widely distributed around the world as a weed. Native region unknown. 7 Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Link; Vignola-Lutati in Malpighi 18: 386. 1904 Strong-scented love grass Briza Eragrostis L. Sp. PI. 70. 1753 Poa cilianensis All. FI. Ped. 2: 246. t. gi, f. 2. 1785 P. megastachya Koel. Descr. Gram. 181. 1802 P. multiflora Forsk. FI. Aeg. — -Arab. 21. 1775. Not E. multiflora (Roxb.) Trin. 1830 1 12 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM P. Eragrostis Cav. Icon, i: 63. t. 92. 1791. Not Linn. Briza oblonga Moench, Meth. 185. 1794 E. major Host, Gram. Austr. 4: 14. pi. 24. 1809 E. poaeoides var. megastachya Gray, Man. ed. 2, 563. 1856 E. megastachya Link, Hort. Berol. 1 : 187. 1821 In waste places. Frequent throughout the State, especially about cities, railroad yards etc. Naturalized from Europe. 8 Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees, FI. Afr. Austr. 406. 1841 Purple love grass Poa pectinacea Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 69. 1803 In dry or sandy soil. Frequent in southern New York. Apparently local or rare northward. Coney Island, Peck. Manor, Long Island, Peck. Sea Clift, Long Island, Wilson. Apalachin, Tioga county, Fcnno. 9 Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 69. 1888 Smooth creeping love grass Poa hypnoides Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 185. 1791 E. reptans Nees, Agrost. Bras. 514. 1829 On sandy or gravelly shores. Lake Champlain and the Hudson river, westward and southward, but not in the Adirondacks or Cats¬ kills. Wood and Oneida creeks, Oneida county; head of Oneida lake; Cayuga lake ; Potter, Yates county ; Penfield and Greece, Monroe county, and shores of Lake Ontario, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 170. 1865). Minetto, Oswego county, C. S. Sheldon. Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. Schenectady, Peck. SPHENOPHOLIS Scribn. Rhodora 8: 142. 1906 Eaton i a Endl. Gen. 99. 1837. Not Raf. 1819 Reboulea Kunth, Rev. Gram. 1: 341. pi. 84. 1830. Not Rcbouillia Raddi, 1818 i Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. l.c. 144 Early bunch grass Aira obtusata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 62. 1803 Koeleria truncata Torr. FI. U. S. 1: 116. 1823 Eatonia obtusata A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 558. 1856 In dry soil. Rare or local. Not reported from the Adirondacks. Little Stissing mountain, Dutchess county, Peck. Oneida county, Kneiskern; Seneca lake. Gray; Yates county, Sartzvell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 168. 1865). Variable, the usual northern form being var. lobata (Trin.) Scribn. A form with sheaths and sometimes the culms and leaves pubescent, is var. pubescens (Scribn. & Merr.) Scribn. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS ”3 2 Sphenopholis nitida (Spreng.) Scribn., l.c. Slender eaton’s grass Aira nitida Spreng., FI. Hal. Mant. 32. 1807 Eatonia Dudleyi Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 11: 116. 1886 E. nitida Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 22: 511. 1895 E. glabra Nash, in Britton, Man. 1043. 1901 In moist soil and in hilly woods. Infrequent across the southern and western sections of the State. South Hill, Ithaca, and Cayuga lake, Dudley (41st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 58. 1888). Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. Bingham¬ ton, Broome county, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 131. 1898). Banks of the Genesee river, Monroe county, F idler (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 127. 1896). Union Springs, Cayuga county, Beal (N. Am. Grasses 2: 492. 1896). 3 Sphenopholis pallens (Spreng.) Scribn., l.c. 145 Tall eaton's grass Aira pallens Spreng., l.c. 33 Eatonia pennsylvanica A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 558. 1856, in part In moist woods, meadows and along ditches. Frequent across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks and the coastal plain of Long Island. Robust forms have been designated as var. major (Torr.) Scribn. ( Eatonia intermedia Rydb.) 4 Sphenopholis pennsylvanica (L.) Hitchc., Am. Jour. Bot. 2: 305. 1915 Marsh false oat or oat grass Avena pennsylvanica L. Sp. PI. 79. 1753 Avena palustris Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 72. 1803 Tristeum palustris Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1 : 126. 1824 T. pennsylvanicum Beauv. ; R. & S., Syst. 2: 658. 1817 Sphenopholis palustris Scribn., l.c. 145 In swamps and wet meadows. Rare on Long Island and not reported from the pine-barrens. Rare or local northward to central and western New York. Little Falls, Gray; Ithaca, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 172. 1865). Rare near Rochester, Booth (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 126. 1896). Placed in the genus Tristeum by some au- thorites. KOELERIA Pers. Syn. 1 : 97. 1805 Co 11 inaria Ehrh. Beitr. 4: 147. 1789 (nomina usualia) Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers., l.c. Crested hair grass Aira cristata L. Sp. PI. 63. 175.3 In dry sandy soil. Chemung and Tioga counties westward. Sullivan’s Hill, Chemung county, Lucy (Torr. Club Bui. 10: 70. 1883). Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 131. 1898). Campville and Barton, Fenno. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 114 UNIOLA L. Sp. PI. 7 1. 1753 T risiola Raf. FI. Ludov. 144. 1817 Nevroctola Raf. Neogent. 4. 1825 Chasmanthium Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 159. 1829 Uniola laxa (L.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 69. 1888 Slender spike grass Holcus laxus L. Sp. PI. 1048. 1753 Uniola gracilis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 71. 1803 In sandy soil and borders of sandy swamps. Infrequent or rare on Long Island and Staten Island. Not reported northward. DISTICHLIS Raf. Jour. Phys. 89: 104. 1819 Brizopyrum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 280. 1830 Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene, Bui. Calif. Acad. 2: 415. 1887 Salt grass, marsh spike grass Uniola spicata L. Sp. PI. 71. 1753 D. maritima Raf., l.c. Festuca distichophylla Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 67. 1803 Poa Michauxii Kunth, Rev. Gram. 1: in. 1829; Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 462. 1843 Brizopyrum borcalc Presl., l.c. On salt meadows along the coast of Long Island, Staten Island, New York, Westchester and Bronx counties. Common. BRIZA L. Sp. PI. 70. 1753 Briza minor L. Sp. PI. 70. 1753 Smaller quaking grass Reported as a rare adventive near New York City. Native of Europe. Briza media L., has also been reported as an adventive from neighboring states and in Ontario. DACTYLIS L. Sp. PI. 71. 1753 Dactylis glomerata L., l.c. Orchard grass In fields, orchards, meadows and waste places. Common. Naturalized from Europe. CYNOSURUS L. Sp. PI. 72. 1753 Cynosurus cristatus L., l.c. Dog’s-tail grass In fields and waste places. Native of Europe. Naturalized or adventive as a weed about the larger cities and towns. Not common. POA L. Sp. PI. 67. 1753 1 Poa annua L. Sp. PI. 68. 1753 Annual or Dwarf spear grass In waste and cultivated grounds. Common. Naturalized from Europe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 115 2 Poa laxa Haenke, in Jirasek, Beob. Riesengeb. 118. 1791 Alpine spear grass An arctic-alpine grass found in this State only on the summit of Mount Marcy (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 456. 1843). Also collected there by Peck, D. M. White (1917) and by others. 3 Poa trivialis L. Sp. PI. 67. 1753 Rough-stalked meadow grass In meadows and waste places, occasionally or locally frequent or abundant throughout nearly the entire State. Naturalized from Europe. 4 Poa debilis Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 459. 1843 Weak spear grass In woods and thickets. Frequent or local throughout the State south to Westchester county. Not recorded from Long Island or Staten Island. 5 Poa nemoralis L. Sp. PI. 69. 1753 European meadow grass Rare as an introduced plant in waste places or on ballast. Reported from Staten Island. Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartivell. Native of Europe and Asia. 6 Poa palustris L. Syst. ed. 10, 874. 1759 Poa triflora Gilib. Exercit. 531. 1792 Poa serotina Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 83 (name only). 1791 Poa riparia Wolff., in Hoffm. Deutschl. FI. 1 : 42. 1800 In swamps or wet places. Frequent and apparently indigenous northward. Reported as Poa Hava by Peck from the cliffs of Wall- face mountain (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54: 960. 1902). Rare and perhaps indroduced on Long Island and Staten Island. Hewlett and Woodmere, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 140. 1915). On ballast, Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 9: 151. 1882). 7 Poa pratensis L. Sp. PI. 67. 1753 Kentucky blue grass In meadows, fields and woods. Common or frequent throughout nearly all sections of the State. Native of Europe, and extensively cultivated in this country. Supposed to be indigenous in the north and west beyond the limits of this State. 8 Poa sylvestris (Torr.) A. Gray, Man. 596. 1848 Sylvan spear grass Poa compressa var. sylvestris Torr. FI. U. S. 1: no. 1S23 In thickets and meadows. Infrequent or local. Reported by Taylor as rare and local and apparently adventive in the vicinity of New York City. Monroe county (Proc. Roch. Acad. 1 16 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 3: 128. 1896). Buffalo, Clinton (19th Rep’t Regents, 202. 1866). North Elba, Peck. Menands, Peck. 9 Poa paludigena Fernald & Wiegand, Rhodora, 20: 126. 1918 Recorded by Fernald and Wiegand from bogs and boggy places in Tompkins and Wayne counties. (P. sylvestris var. palustris Dudley, Cayuga FI. 128. 1886). 10 Poa alsodes A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 562. 1856 Grove meadow grass In woods and thickets. Common throughout the northern, central and western portions of the State. Rare in the southern tier of counties and not reported from the coastal region. 11 Poa saltuensis Fernald & Wiegand, Rhodora 20: 122. 1918 Rich or moist woodlands and shores in Tompkins county, Metcalf ; Chemung county, Lucy, and Newcomb, Indian Pass and Lake Colden, Essex county, House. Doubtless of wider distribution. 12 Poa cuspidata Nutt, in Barton, Comp. FI. Phila. 1 : 61 1818 Short-leaved spear grass Poa brevifolia Muhl. Gram. 138. 1817. Not DC. 1806 Poa brachyphylla Schultes, Mant. 2: 304. 1824 In moist or rocky woodlands. Albany county westward and southward. Rare. Albany, House 6052. Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartwell (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 457. 1843, as P°a pungcns Nutt.; Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 169. 1865). 13 Poa compressa L. Sp. PI. 69. 1753 English or Canadian blue grass, wire grass In waste places, cultivated soil and in woods and fields. Common. Naturalized from Europe, and regarded as a native of Asia. PANICULARIA Fabr. Enurn. Hort. Holmst. 2: 373. 1763 Glyceria R. Br. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 1: 179. 1810 Neoroloma Raf. Journ. Phys. 89: 106. 1819 I Panicularia laxa Scribn. Torr. Club Bui. 21 : 37. 1894 Northern manna grass Glyceria laxa Scribn. ; Rand & Redf . FI. Mount Desert, 180. 1894 In shallow water or wet soil. Frequent in the northern parts of the State. Rare or local southward. Rare on and near the Hempstead plains and elsewhere in south¬ eastern Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 142. 1915). Edmond’s ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS ii 7 ponds and North Elba, Peck. Loon Lake Station, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54: 946. 1902). Lake Placid and Indian Pass, House. Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. 2 Panicularia canadensis (Michx.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 783. 1891 Rattlesnake grass, tall quaking grass Briza canadensis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 71. 1803 Glyceria canadensis Trim Mem. Acad. St Petersb. (VI.) Math. Phys. Nat. 1 : 366. 1830 In swamps and marshes. Common except in the pine-barrens of Long Island. Generally uncommon or rare in the southern part of the State and in the counties bordering on Pennsylvania. 3 Panicularia obtusa (Muhl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 783. 1891 Blunt manna grass Poa obtusa Muhl. Gram. 147. 1817 Glyceria obtusa Trin. l.c. 366 In swamps and wet woods. Long Island and Staten Island. Infre¬ quent. Riverhead, Peck (33d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 18. 1880). Babylon, House. 4 Panicularia melicaria (Michx.) Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 149. 1908 Slender manna grass Panicum melicaria Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 50. 1803 Poa elongata Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1: 112. 1824. Not Willd. 1809 Poa Torreyana Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2: 104. 1821 P anicularia elongata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 783. 1891 P. Torreyana Merrill, Rhodora 4: 146. 1902 G. Torreyana Hitchc. Rhodora 8: 21 1. 1906 G. melicaria Hubbard, Rhodora 14: 186. 1912 In wet woods and marshes. Frequent or common throughout the Adirondack region and northern counties. Less common or rare southward to Dutchess and Tioga counties and westward. Raybrook, Peck. Averyville marsh, D. M. White. Fourth lake, Herkimer county, House. Newcomb, House. Caroga, Fulton county, Peck. Canada lake, Fulton county, A. Olsson. Averill Park, Rensselaer county, House. Shushan, Washington county, Dobbin. Hudson Falls, Burnham. Bridgewater, Oneida county, Gray. Mon¬ roe county, rare (Proc. Roch. Acad. 3: 128. 1896). Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Peck. Tioga county, Fenno. 5 Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 783. 1891 Nerved manna grass Poa nervata Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 389. 1797 Glyceria nervata Trin. Mem. Acad. St Petersb. (VI.) Math. Phys. Nat. x: 365. 1830 G. Michauxii Kunth, Rev. Gram. 1: 118. 1829 Poa striata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 69. 1803 n8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In wet places, especially in marshes, bogs and wooded swamps. Common throughout the Adirondack region and the northern counties and from the Hudson valley westward to Lake Erie. Less common in the southern counties and rare on Long Island. The low strict form, forma stricta (Scribn.) House, comb. nov. ( Glyceria nervata var. stricta Scribn.), occurs in Indian Pass, House, and perhaps elsewhere northward. Hydrocyanic acid has been found in this grass, and some cases of cattle poisoning have been ascribed to it (See Alsberg & Black, Jour. Biol. Chem. 21: 601. 1915). 6 Panicularia grandis (S. Wats.) Nash, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 1: 265. 1913 Tall manna grass Poa aquatica var. americana Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1 : 108. 1824 Glyceria spectabilis (Mart. & Kock, misapplied by) Trin., l.c. 365 Glyceria aquatica Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 464. 1843 G. grandis S. Wats., Gray’s Man. ed. 6, 667. 1890 Panicularia americana MacM. Met. Minn. Val. 81. 1892 In wet soil. Common or frequent northward and westward in the State. Rare on Long Island and not reported from Staten Island. 7 Panicularia pallida (Torr.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Sp. 783. 1891 Pale manna grass Windsoria pallida Torr. Cat. PI. N. Y. 91. 1819 Glyceria pallida Trin., l.c. Poa dentata Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1: 107. 1824; FI. N. Y. 2: 461. 1843 In shallow water and marshy places. Frequent or common north¬ ward. Less common or rare in the western counties and in the southern part of the State. Montauk Point, Peck. Island of New York, western part of the State and abundant on shores of Oneida lake, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2: 461. 1843). Borders of Canaderaga lake outlet; Richfield and Exter, Otsego county; Wood creek near New London, Kneiskern; abundant on the shores of Oneida lake; western New York, Gray; Gorham, Seneca county, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 169. 1863). Wayne and Monroe counties (Proc. Roch. Acad. 3: 128. 1896; 5: 78. 1917). North Elba, Peck. East Greenbush, Rensselaer county, Fitch. Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. Fine, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. 8 Panicularia Fernaldii (Hitchc.) House N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 233-234; 11. 1922. Fernald’s manna grass Glyceria pallida var. Fernaldii Flitchc. Rhodora 8: 21 1. 1906 G. Fernaldii St John, Rhodora 19: 75, 76. 1917 Wet or marshy shores, sometimes in shallow water. Infrequent or rare from Dutchess county northward to the Canadian border and the St Lawrence. Fourth lake, Herkimer county, House. Stissing mountain, Peck. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS II9 9 Panicularia septentrionalis (Hitchc.) Bicknell, Torr. Club. Bui. 35 : 196. 1908 Floating manna grass Glyceria septentrionalis Hitchc. Rhodora 8: 21 1. 1906 In wet places and shallow water. Frequent throughout the Adiron¬ dack region and the northern counties. Rare southward. In the Bronx, Westchester county and on Staten Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 143. 1915)- Greenport, Long Island, Latham (Torreya 14: 232. 1914). Occasional (Clute, FI. Upper Susque¬ hanna 132. 1898). Infrequent (Proc. Roch. Acad. 3: 128. 1896). Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartwell, as G. fluitans. Raybrook, Essex county, Peck, as G. Huitans. Verona, Oneida county, Peck. Marshy shores of Lake Pleasant and its outlet, Hamilton county, House. Tupper Lake, House. 10 Panicularia borealis Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 24: 348. 1897 Northern manna grass G. fluitans var. angustata Vasey, Proc. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist. 2: 91. 1895 G. borealis Batch. Proc. Manchester Inst. 1 : 74. 1900 In shallow water and in marshes. Frequent or local northward. Rare southward in the State. Not reported from the western counties. Cairo, Greene county, Nash; Geneva, Brewer & Chickering (cited by Nash). Lansingburg, Rensselear county, Howe. Caroga, Fulton county, and Cascade lakes, Essex county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 645. 1899; 34th Rep’t 56. 1881; 38th Rep’t 108. 1885, as G. Huitans). Fourth lake, Herkimer county, House. Loon Lake Station, Franklin county, Peck. Fulton county, A. Olsson, Borders of Hidden lake, Litchfield, Herkimer county, Habcrer. Pecksport, Madison county, House. Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno, Hammond, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. 11 Panicularia fluitans (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 782. 1891 Floating manna grass Festuca fluitans L. Sp. PI. 75. 1753 Glyceria fluitans R. Br. Prodr. 1: 179. 1810 Panicularia brachyphylla Nash, Torr. Club Bui. 24: 349. 1897 In shallow water near New York City. Perhaps adventive from Europe. Rare in the Bronx and near Tappantown, Rockland county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 144. 1915). 12 Panicularia acutiflora (Torr.) Kuntze, l.c. 783 Sharp-scaled manna grass Glyceria acutiflora Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1: 104. 1824 In wet places. Rare and local. Reported from Albany county southward and westward to Tompkins county. 120 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Island of New York and at Fishkill, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2: 464. 1843). Scattered, very rare in the pine-barrens, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 144. 1915). Ithaca, Sartwell (Sartwell herbarium). North Albany, Peck. Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. Montauk, Long Island, Peck. PUCCI NELLI A Pari. FI. Ital. 1: 366. 1848 Atropis Ruprecht, (FI. Samojed. Cisural. 2: 61, 64. 1846) — Griseb. in Ledeb. FI. Ross. 4: 388. 1853 1 Puccinellia distans (L.) Park, l.c. 367. Spreading meadow grass Poa distans L. Mant. 1: 32. 1767 Glycerin distans Wahl. FI. Ups. 36. 1820 Sclerochloa distans Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. 370. 1843 Atropis distans Griseb., l.c. Panicularia distans Scribn. Torr. Club Mem. 5: 54. 1894 On salt meadows, sea beaches and in waste places. Native of Europe and apparently adventive or naturalized in this country. Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 18 : 214. 1891). Penn Yan, Sartwell. Liverpool, Onondaga county, House. Near Syracuse, Bissell, Ware & Weatherby (Rhodora 18: 12. 1916). Var. tenuis (Uechtr.) Fernald & Weatherby, Rhodora 18:12. 1916. iReported from near Liverpool, Onondaga county, Fernald & IViegand (Rhodora 25:208. 1923) 2 Puccinellia rupestris (With.) Fernald & Weatherby, Rhodora 18: 10. 1916 Poa rupestris With. Arr. Br. PI. ed. 3, 2: 146. t. 26. 1796 Poa procumbens Curtis, FI. Loud. Fasc. vi, t. 11. 1796 Sclerochloa procumbens Beauv. Agrost. 98. 1812 S. rupestris Britten & Rendle, Jour. Bot. 45: 107. 1907 Native of the Old World. Reported by Fernald & Weatherby (l.c.) from ballast grounds near New York City, Addison Brown, 1880. 3 Puccinellia fasciculata (Torr.) Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 35: 197. 1908 Torrey’s meadow grass Poa fasciculata Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1 : 107. 1824 Poa delaivarica Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 174. 1827 Sclerochloa Borreri Bab. in Engl. Bot. Suppl. 3: t. 2797. 1837 A. arenaria var. fasciculata Gray, Man. 594. 1848 Atropis Borreri Richter, PL Eur. 1: 92. 1890 Puccitiellia Borreri Hitchc. Rhodora 10 : 65. 1908 On salt marshes and in brackish meadows. Common along the Atlantic coast. Rarely also on ballast. Collected at Onondaga lake, Haberer No. 3301. Puccinellia paupercula (Holm) Fernald & Weatherby, an arctic species, represented in eastern America by Var. alaskana (Scribn. & Merr.) Fernald & Weatherby (Rhodora 18: 18. 1916), is recorded southward to the lower ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 121 St Lawrence and the coast of Connecticut, but has not been reported from New York. Puccinellia airoides (Nutt.) -Watson & Coulter, is recorded by Fernald & Weatherby (Rhodora 18: 16. 1916) as adventive eastward to Vermont and Maine, and may be looked for in New York. 4 Puccinellia maritima (Huds.) Pari. FI. Ital. 1: 379. 1848 Poa maritima Huds. FI. Ang. 35. 1762 Glyceria maritima Wahlenb. FI. Gothob. 17. 1820 Sclerochloa arenaria var. maritima Gray, Man. 594. 1848 Atropis maritima Griseb. in Ledeb. FI. Ross. 4: 389. 1853 Panicularia maritima Scribn. Torr. Club Mem. 5: 54. 1894 In salt marshes and on saline or brackish shores. Native of Europe and recorded by Fernald & Weatherby (l.c. 7), on the Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia southward to Pennsylvania. Definite records for New York State are lacking, but the species will doubtless be found along or near the coastal region of the State. FESTUCA L. Sp. PI. 73. 1753 Vulpia C. C. Gmel. FI. Bad. 1: 8. 1805 Schedonorus Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 99. t. 19. f. 2. 1812 Chloamnia Raf. Neogent. 4. 1825 D a s i o 1 a Raf., l.c. 1 Festuca myuros L., l.c. 74. Rat’s-tail fescue grass Vulpia myuros C. C. Gmel., l.c. In waste places and in fields. Rare in the southeastern part of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Festuca octofiora Walt. FI. Car. 81. 1788 Slender fescue grass F. tenella Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 419. 1797 Vulpia octofiora Rydb. Torr. Club Bui. 36: 538. 1909 In dry, sandy or stony soil. Infrequent or locally abundant. Wallface mountain, Peck. Penn Yan, Sartwell; Monroe county Booth (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 170. 1865). Wayne county Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 128. 1896). 3 Festuca bromoides L., Sp. PI. 75. 1753 Vulpia brotnoides S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 124. 1821 Native of Europe. Collected as a waif at Hewlett, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 145. 1915). 4 Festuca rubra L. Sp. PI. 74. 1753 Red fescue grass Brackish meadows and in low or moist sandy soil, chiefly near the coast. Also locally inland (Narrowsburg, Sullivan county and Caroga, Fulton county, Peck), where probably naturalized from Europe. Sand dunes along Lake Ontario, Woodville, Jefferson county, House. 122 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 5 Festuca ovina L. Sp. PI. 73. 1753. Sheep’s fescue grass In fields and waste places. Locally abundant in the southern part of the State as a weed, probably naturalized from Europe. Northward the typical form is doubtless indigenous in the Adiron¬ dack^ and along Lake Ontario. Wallface mountain, Peck. White Lake, Haberer. Banks of the Genesee river (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 128. 1896). Var. hispidula Richter, PI. Europ. 1 : 93. 1890 In waste places. Sparingly introduced in the southern part of the State. Native of Europe. Var. duriuscula (L.) Koch, Synops. 312. 1837 F. duriuscula L. Sp. PI. 74. 1753 Commonly known as “ Hard Fescue.” Native of Europe and occasionally naturalized in sandy or waste places in Essex, Albany, Jefiferson, Monroe, Oneida and Erie counties, and doubtless else¬ where throughout the State. 6 Festuca capillata Lam. FI. Franc. 3: 597. 1778 F. tenuifolia Sibth. FI. Oxon. 44. 1794 F. paludosa Gaud. Agrost. Helv. 1: 229. 1811 F. ovina var. capillata Hack. Bot. Centrb. 8: 405. 1881 Native of Europe and sparingly naturalized about towns and cities of eastern and southern New York. 7 Festuca elatior L. Sp. PI. 75. 1753 Tall or meadow fescue grass F. pratcnsis Huds. FI. Angl. 37. 1762 F. poaeoides Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1803 In fields and waste places. Native of Europe. Cultivated and common as a naturalized grass in most sections of the State. 8 Festuca obtusa Spreng. Mant. FI. Hal. 34. 1807 Nodding fescue grass F. nutans Spreng., l.c. Not Moench, 1794 In rocky or dry woodlands and on shaded banks. Frequent or locally common throughout the State, but rare on Long Island and Staten Island. 9 Festuca gigantea (L.) Villars, Hist. PI. Dauph. 2: no. 1787 Great fescue grass Bromus gigantea L. Sp. PI. 77. 1753 Reported from near Dobb’s Ferry, Rev E. E. Butler (Porter in Torr. Club Bui. 8: 129. 1881). Adventive from Europe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 123 BROMUS L. Sp. PI. 76. 1753 Ceratochloa Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 75. t. 15. f. 7. 1812 Zerna Panz, Denkschr. Baier. Akad. Wiss. Muench. 4: 296. 1813 Serraf alcus Pari. Rar. PI. Sic. 2 : 14. 1840 Sect. Stenobromus Griseb 1 Bromus tectorum L., l.c. 77 Downy brome grass In fields and waste places. Naturalized from Europe and a common weed in many places. 2 Bromus sterilis L., l.c. 77 Barren brome grass In waste places and on ballast. Locally common. Naturalized or adventive from Europe. 3 Bromus asper Murr. Prodr. Stirp. Goett. 42. 1770 Native of Europe and rare as an adventive in southern New York. Sect. Zerna (Panzer) Ledeb. 4 Bromus ciliatus L., l.c. 76 Fringed brome grass, wood chess B. canadensis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 65. 1803 In- woods and thickets. Frequent or common northward and west¬ ward in the State. Less abundant southward and very rare or largely absent on Long Island and Staten Island. West Albany, Peck. Morehouseville, Hamilton county, Peck. Near North Elba and McKenzie pond, Essex county, Peck. Tren¬ ton Falls, Oneida county, House. Newcomb, Essex county, House. Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartrarell. Common in Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 129. 1896). Two forms, viz: denudatus and laeviglumis are described by Wiegand (Rhodora 24: 91. 1922), the latter based upon Bromus ciliatus laeviglumis Scribn. (in Shear, Bui. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 23: 32. 1900). 5 Bromus purgans L., l.c. 76 Hairy wood chess B. ciliatus var. purgans A. Gray, Man. 600. 1848 Moist rocky woodlands and banks. Infrequent or local south¬ ward in the State. Port Jervis, Peck. Genesee river banks (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 129. 1896). Staten Island, Pine Plains, Dutchess county and in the Catskills, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 147. 1915). 6 Bromus latiglumis (Scribn.) Hitchc. Rhodora 8: 21 1. 1906 Tall wood chess B. altissimus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 2: 728. 1814. Not Gilib. 1792 B. purgans var. latiglumis Scribn. ; Shear, U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. Bui. 23: 40. 1900 124 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Woods and banks. Infrequent from Rensselaer county westward and southward. North Greenbush, Rensselaer county, Peck. Rathboneville, Steuben county, Peck. Oxford, Chenango county, Coville. Along Oneida creek, Madison county, House. 7 Bromus incanus (Shear) Hitchc. Rhodora 8: 212. 1906 Hoary wood chess B. purgans var. incanus Shear, l.c. 41 Wooded hills. Rare. Essex county, on the banks of the Ausable river, Peck. The range of this species is given as “ Pennsylvania to Virginia, westward to South Dakota and Texas,” and its occurrence in Essex county is rather remarkable unless intermediate localities, connecting its range with Pennsylvania, should be found. Wiegand (Rhodora 24: 91. 1922) reduces this to a form of B. altissimus Pursh, which is an untenable name. 8 Bromus erectus Huds. FI. Angl. 39. 1762 Upright brorne grass B. Macounii Vasey, Torr. Club Bui. 15: 48. 1888 In waste places. A rather rare adventive from Europe. 9 Bromus inermis Leyss. FI. Hal. 16. 1761 Hungarian or awnless brome grass In fields and waste places. An infrequent adventive from Europe. Apparently naturalized in some localities. Menands, Albany county, Peck. Vaughns, Washington county, Burnham. Collins, Erie county, Perkins. Norfolk, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. East Rochester, Baxter. Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. 10 Bromus Kalmii A. Gray, Man. 600. 1848 Wild or Kalm’s grass B. ciliatus Muhl. Gram. 169. 1817. Not L. 1753 B. purgans Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 468. 1843. Not L. 1753 In woods and thickets. Locally frequent across the State north of the Hudson highlands. Not reported from south of Westchester county. Banks of the Mohawk and Fish creek, Kneiskern; LTtica, Gray; Black river, Jefferson county and at Dexter, Vasey; shores of Seneca lake, Gray (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 170. 1865). Chemung and Tioga counties, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 132. 1898). Not common (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 128. 1896; 5: 79. 1917). Bethlehem, Albany county, Peck. Whitehall, Washington county, Peck. Not reported from the higher Adirondacks. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 125 Sect. Eubromus Godron 11 Bromus hordeaceus L., l.c. 77 Soft chess B. mollis L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 112. 1762 In fields and waste places. Infrequent or locally abundant as a naturalized weed. Native of Europe. Especially abundant in the southeastern part of the State and about cities and towns northward and westward across the State. Forma leptostachys (Pers.) Wiegand (Rhodora 24: 90. 1922) is based upon B mollis leptostachys Pers. (Syn. 1: 95. 1805). 12 Bromus secalinus L. Sp. PI. 76. 1753 Common cheat or chess In fields and waste places, often a troublesome weed. Native of Europe and naturalized in nearly all of the settled and agricultural portions of the State. 13 Bromus racemosus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 114. 1762 Smooth brome grass In fields and waste places. Naturalized from Europe and locally abundant in many sections of the State. 14 Bromus commutatus Schrad. FI. Germ. 1 : 353. 1806 In fields and waste places. Naturalized from Europe in many sections of the State. 15 Bromus arvensis L. Sp. PI. 77. 1753 Field chess or brome In fields and waste places. Locally adventive from Europe. Yonkers, E. C. Hozue. Menands, Albany county, Peck. Troy, H. C. Gordinier (41st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 59. 1888). 16 Bromus squarrosus L., l.c. 76 Corn brome In ballast and in waste places about the eastern seaports, and at Lansingburg, Rensselaer county, E. C. Howe. 17 Bromus japonicus Thunb. FI. Jap. 51. t. 11. 1784 Native of eastern Asia. Adventive in waste places, Rochester, D. M. White (1922). 18 Bromus brizaeformis Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 3: 30. 1836 Quakegrass or awnless brome Native of southern Europe and Asia. Occasional in cultivation as a semiornamental grass and rarely adventive or escaped. Menands, Albany county, Peck. 126 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 19 Bromus unioloides (Willd.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 1 5 1 . 1816 Rescue grass, southern chess Fcstuca unioloides Willd. Hort. Berol. x: 3. pi. 3. 1806 B. Schradcri Kunth, Enum. 1 : 416. 1833 Native of the southeastern states and Mexico. Established or escaped from cultivation at Menands, Albany county, Peck. NARDUS L. Sp. PI. 53. 1753 Nardus stricta L., l.c. Wire bent, mat grass, nard Canada lake, Fulton county, A. Olsson, 755. Adventive from Europe. LOLIUM L. Sp. PI. 83. 1753 1 Lolium perenne L., l.c. English or perennial rye grass In waste places, cultivated ground and fields. Common. Natural¬ ized from Europe. 2 Lolium multiflorum Lam. FI. Franc. 3: 621. 1778 Awned or Italian rye grass L. italicum A. Br. Flora 17: 241. 1834 In fields and waste places, eastern and southern parts of the State, and near the larger cities and towns across the State south of the Adirondacks. Naturalized or adventive from Europe. 3 Lolium temulentum L. Sp. PI. 83. 1753 Darnel, poison darnel In waste places and cultivated ground. Locally naturalized or adventive from Europe. Menands, Albany county, Peck. Monroe and Wayne counties, (Proc. Roch. Acad. 3: 129. 1896; 5: 33. 1910). Also reported from Little Falls (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 1 7 1 . 1865). AGROPYRON J. Gaertn. Nov. Comm. Petrop. 14: Part 1, 539. 1770 1 Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 102, 146. 1812 Couch grass, quitch grass Triticum repens L. Sp. PI. 86. 1753 In fields and waste places, meadows and cultivated ground. Often a troublesome weed. Naturalized from Europe. Var. littoreum Anderss. PI. Scand. Gram. 5. 1852. Sand dunes along the coast of Long Island, Bickncll (Torr. Club Bui. 35: 200. 1908). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 127 Var. pilosum Scribn. FI. Mt. Desert Isl. 183. 1894. Bald mountain, Rensselaer county, Peck; Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno, and doubtless elsewhere. Var. nemorale Anderss., l.c. Nearly as common as the typical form of the species. 2 Agropyron violaceum (Hornem.) Lange, Consp. FI. Groenland 3:155. 1880 Purplish wheat grass Tricticum violaceum Hornem. FI. Dan. 12: t. 2044. 1832 A. biflorum A. Gray, Man. ed. 7, 166. 1908; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 1: 285. 1913 Wooded mountain slopes. Rare. Near summit of “ Round Top,” Cairo, Greene county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 148. 1915). 3 Agropyron tenerum Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10:258. 1885 Slender wheat grass A. novae-angliae Scribn. in Jones, Contr. Bot. Vt. 8: 103. 1900 A. caninum var. tenerum Pease & Moore, Rhodora 12: 71. 1910 In dry soil. Rare. Brownville, Jefferson county and Adirondack mountains, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 139: 19. 1910; 34th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 42. 1881, as A. violaceum) . Mount Zoar, Chemung county, T. F. Lucy, 11603 (cited by Pease & Moore, l.c.). Indian Pass and Tahawas, Essex county, House. 4 Agropyron caninum (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 102, 146. 1812 Bearded or awned wheat grass Triticum caninum L. Sp. PI. 86. 1753 Native of Europe and sparingly naturalized in cultivated or waste grounds. Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartzvell. Frequent (Proc. Roch. Acad. 3: 129. 1896). Mount Defiance, southeastern corner of Essex county, Peck. Axton, Hamilton county, Rozdee, Wiegand & Hast¬ ings (cited by Pease & Moore, l.c.). The var. unilaterale (Cassidy) Vasey, forma ciliatum (Scribn. & Sm.) Pease & Moore, Rhodora 12: 76. 1910, is reported from Buffalo ( G . W. Clinton), by Pease & Moore, l.c. HORDEUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 84. 1753 1 Hordeum jubatum L. Sp. PI. 85. 1753 Squirrel-tail grass Native along the coast from Labrador to New Jersey and naturalized inland on waste and cultivated ground. Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. Watkins, D. Beach. Vaughans, Washington county, Burnham. Albany, House. Onondaga lake, House. Several localities in Monroe county (Proc. Roch. Acad. 3: 129. 1896; 5: 79. 1917). St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. 128 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Hordeum murinum L. Sp. PI. 85. 1753. Wall barley, way bent On ballast and sparingly or rarely adventive in waste places about New York City. Adventive from Europe. 3 Hordeum vulgare L. Sp. PI. 84. 1753 Barley Persistent or occasionally spontaneous after cultivation. Scarcely naturalized although extensively cultivated. Native of the old world. Hordeum hexastichon L. (six-row barley) ; H. distichon L. (two-row barley) and H. zeocriton L. (rice barley) are usually considered as races of H. vulgare. Beardless barley (H. vulgare var. trifurcatum (Schlecht.) Wenderoth) is a variety of the six-row barley (See Schultz, Mitt. Natf. Ges. Halle 1: 18. 1911). TRITICUM L. Sp. PI. 85. 1753 Triticum aestivum L., l.c. Wheat T. vulgare Vill. Hist. PI. Dauph. 2: 153. 1786 Wheat in its many varieties is one of the most important of the true grasses and is probably the oldest of cultivated cereals. Its origin is uncertain but it has been suggested that Triticum a e g i 1 o p s Beauv. of southern Europe may have in prehistoric times given rise under cultivation to the present form. The numer¬ ous varieties are distinguished by the firmness of the axils of the spike (continuous) or its brittleness (articulation) ; by the presence or absence of awns or beards ; by the color of the chaff and the color, shape and size of the grain. It is often persistent for a few seasons after cultivation and even shows a tendency to maintain itself in a wild condition along roads, edges of fields and waste ground until choked out of existence by weeds and other plants. SEC ALE (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 84. 1753 Secale cereale L., l.c. Rye Common in cultivation and like the wheat, often persistent in some localities after cultivation. ELYMUS L. Sp. PI. 83. 1753 I Elymus glaucus Buckley, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862 : 99. 1863 Smooth wild rye E. americanus Vasey: & Scribn. ; Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 4 : 245. 1888 E. sibiricus var. americanus Wats. & Coult. in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 673. 1890 Warrensburg, Warren county, Peck (state herbarium, det. Hitch¬ cock). Range is usually given as from Ontario and Michigan west¬ ward, and the plant may not have been native at Warrensburg. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS I2Q 2 Elymus virginicus L., l.c. 84. Virginia wild rye In moist soil, especially along streams. Frequent or common throughout the State. Var. halophilus (Bicknell) Wiegand, Rhodora 20: 83. 1918 E. halophilus Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 35: 201. 1908 Infrequent or locally abundant in and on the borders of salt marshes of Long Island, Staten Island, and the Long Island sound shore of Bronx and Westchester counties. Var. hirsutiglumis (Scribn.) Hitchc. Rhodora 10: 65. 1908. E. hirsutiglumis Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agric. Agrost. Bui. 11: 58. 1898 E. canadensis var. intermedins Vasey ; Wats. & Coulter, in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 673- 1890 E. intermedins Scribn. & Sm. U. S. Dept. Agric. Agrost. Bui. 4: 38. 1897. Not Bieb. 1808 River banks and woods. Rensselaer county westward and south¬ ward across the State. North Greenbush, Rensselaer county; Riverhead, Long Island and Rathboneville, Steuben county, Peck (51st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 282. 1898). North Bay, Oneida county, Muensclier. Wemple, Albany county. House. Lawrence and Hewlett, Long Island, Bick¬ nell (Taylor, FI. Vic. N. Y. 150. 1915). Wiegand (Rhodora 20: 84. 1918) records var. submuticus Hooker, from Quebec and Massachusetts, and from the central states, but there are no records for New York. 3 Elymus australis Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agric. Agrost. Bui. 24: 46. pi. 20. 1901 Southern wild rye In moist woods and thickets. Wiegand (l.c. 84) gives the distri¬ bution as chiefly along the coastal region, from which we have no records for New York. A specimen from Catskill, Greene county, House, has been determined by Hitchcock as this species. Var. glabriflorus (Vasey) Wiegand, Rhodora 20: 84. 1918. E. canadensis var. glabriflorus Vasey; Dewey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 550. 1894 E. glabriflorus Scribn. & Ball, U. S. Dept. Agric. Agrost. Bui. 24 : 49. f. 23. igoi Usually on dry banks or in woods. Columbia and Orange counties, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 150. 1915 ) . 4 Elymus riparius Wiegand, Rhodora 20: 84. 1918. Stream margins, alluvial bottomlands and borders of lakes and ponds. Frequent across the northern and middle sections of the State, outside of the higher mountains, and especially in central New York. 5 130 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Wiegand (l.c. 85, 86) cites collections from St Lawrence, Orange, and Tompkins counties. 5 Elymus striatus Willd. Sp. PI. 1 : 470. 1797 Slender wild rye E. villosus Muhl. in Willd. Enum. Hort Berol. 131. 1809 E. striatus var. villosus Gray, Man. ed. 5, 639. 1867 In woods and on banks, often in rocky situations. Frequent or common across the State southward, less frequent northward to the lower portions of Essex and St Lawrence counties. Var. arkansanus (Scribn. & Ball) Hitchc. Rhodora 8: 212. 1906 E. arkansanus Scribn. & Ball, Lb S. Dept. Agric. Agrost. Bui. 24: 45. /. 19. 1901 Near Egbertville, Staten Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 150. 1915). Napanoch, Ulster county, House 8536, 1921. 6 Elymus canadensis L. Sp. PI. 83. 1753. Nodding wild rye E. philadelphicus L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 266. 1759 E. glaucifolius Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 131. 1809 E. canadensis var. glaucifolius Torr. FI. U. S. 1: 137. 1824 On river banks and shores and alluvial thickets. Common across the state northward. Less frequent southward to Columbia, Greene, Otsego and Wyoming counties and probably locally in most sections north of the coastal plain. 7 Elymus robustus Scribn. & Sm. U. S. Dep. Agric. Agrost. Bui. 4: 37. 1897 Stout nodding wild rye Dry sandy, gravelly or rocky soil. Woodville, Jefferson county, House 8646, 1921. Buck pond, Monroe county, House. Chemung river, Chemung county, Lacy. Lansingburg, Rensselaer county, Peck. Irondequoit bay, D. M. White 65. Moravia, Curtice. Var. vestitus Wiegand, Rhodora 20: 90. 1918 Catskill, Greene county, House. Napanoch, Ulster county, House 8615, 1921. HYSTRIX Moench, Meth. 294. 1794 Asprella Humb. Magaz. Bot. Roem. & Usteri 7: 5. 1790. Not Schreb. 1789 Gymnostichum Schreb. Beschr. Gras. 3: 127. pi. 47. 1810 Hystrix Hystrix (L.) Millsp. FI. W. Va. 474. 1892 Bottle-brush grass Elymus Hystrix L. Sp. PI. 560. 1753 Asprella Hystrix Willd. Enum. 132. 1809 H. patula Moench, l.c. Gymnostichum Hystrix Schreb., l.c. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS I3I In rocky woods. Frequent across the State northward, outside of the higher Adirondacks and Catskills, and apparently absent from Long Island and Staten Island. Watertown, House. Page’s Corners, southern Herkimer county; Little Falls and along the Mohawk, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 172. 1865). Occasional, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 133. 1898). Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. Ithaca, Metcalf. Frequent (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 129. 1896). Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Jamesville, Onondaga county, House. Selkirk and Meadowdale, Albany county, Peck. Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. Fernald (Rhodora 24: 230. 19 22), described the typical form of the species as possessing glabrous lemmas and being more southern in distribution, and describes the northern form with “densely pilose lemmas ” as Asperella Hystrix var. Bigelounana. Family n CYPERACEAE J. St. Hil. Expos. Fam. 1: 62. 1805 Sedge family CYPERUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 44. 1753 Chlorocyperus Rikli, in Pringsheim, Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 27: 563. 1895 1 Cyperus flavescens L. Sp. PI. 46. 1753 Yellow cyperus In marshy ground, southern New York. Infrequent. Bronx and Westchester counties and on western Long Island and Staten Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 153. 1915). Peekskill, Meade (in Beck collection). 2 Cyperus diandrus Torrey; Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 226. 1818 — Cat. PI. N. Y. 90. 1819 Low cyperus Torreya maritime 1 Raf. Jour. Phys. 84: 105. 1819 In marshy places. Frequent. Frequent in western New York (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 115. 1896). Watkins, C. S. Sheldon. Kinderhook lake, Columbia county, Peck (53d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 853. 1900). The var. elongatus Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 19: 226. 1892) at Van Cort- landt Park, New York City. Providence, Saratoga county, E. A. Burt. Washington and Saratoga county localities, Burnham (Tor¬ reya 19: 126. 1919). Woodville, Jefferson county, House. 3 Cyperus rivularis Kunth, Enum. 2: 6. 1837. Shining cyperus C. flavescens var. castaneus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 52. 1814 C. castaneus Bigel. FI. Bost. 18. 1824. Not Willd. 1798 C. diandrus var. (?) castaneus Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 252. 1836 C. bicolor Barton, Comp. FI. Phila. 1: 27. 1817. Not Vahl. Chlorocyperus rivularis Rikli, l.c. In wet soil, especially along streams and ponds. Lake Champlain to the St Lawrence river, Lake Ontario and Lake Erie and south¬ ward. Locally throughout the Adirondacks below 2,000 feet altitude. 132 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 4 Cyperus filicinus Vahl, Enum. 2: 332. 1806 Nuttall’s cyperus C. aestuarius Torrey; Eaton, Man. Ed. 2, 227. 1818 C. Nuttallii Eddy; Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 1: 240. 1820 C. caespitosus Torr. Cat. PI. N. Y. 89. 1819. Not Poir. C. Torreyanus Schultes, Mant. 2: 101. 1824 Torreya caespitosa Raf. Jour. Phys. 84: 105. 1819 In salt marshes and brackish marshes and their borders along the coast of Long Island and Staten Island, and the Long Island coast of Bronx and Westchester counties. Frequent or common. Fernald (Rhodora 19: 153. 1917) describes var. microdontus (Torr.) Fernald (C. microdontus Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 255. 1836), with scales of the spikelets shorter (2 mm.) A depauperate, single-spiked form was described as C. Cleaveri Torrey (Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 258. 1836) 5 Cyperus inflexus Muhl. Gram. 16. 1817 Awned cyperus C. aristatus Boeckeler, Linnaea 35: 500, in part. 1868; Gray, Man. ed. 7, 175.. 1908. Not Rottb. 1773 C. uncinatus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 50. 1814. Not Poir. C. Purshii R. & S. Syst. 2: 177. 1817 In wet sandy soil along streams and on shores of ponds and lakes. Frequent northward. Rare southward to Columbia and Greene counties and locally at Van Cortland Park, and Mount Vernon, Taylor, westward across the State. Near Albany, Tracy & Eaton; Oneida lake, Gray, Kneiskern (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 146. 1865). Banks of Hudson near Troy, Wright & Hall (Cat. PI. Troy, 14. 1836). Chemung and Broome counties, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 119. 1898). Sodus Bay, and Wayne county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 115. 1896). Fulton, Oswego county, C. S. Sheldon. Cayuga lake, Ithaca, Wiegand. Washington county, Burnham (Torreya 19:126. 1919). Cambridge, Stevenson (according to Torrey). 6 Cyperus compressus L. Sp. PI. 46. 1753 Flat cyperus In fields and waste places, southeastern New York. Rare as a weed and probably adventive or naturalized from the South. 7 Cyperus Iria L. Sp. PI. 45. 1753 Yellow cyperus Native of Asia. Introduced at Hempstead, Long Island (Taylor). 8 Cyperus Schweinitzii Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 276. 1836 Schweinitz’s cyperus In sandy soil, along the shore of Lake Ontario. Rare. Sodus Bay, Sartwcll; Greece, Monroe county, Bradley; Beach of Lake Ontario near Braddock’s Bay, Bradley (Paine, Cat. Oneida Co. 147. 1865); Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2: 343. 1843; Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 115. 1896). Irondequoit, Monroe county, Baxter. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 133 9 Cyperus Houghtoni Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 277. 1836 Houghton’s cyperus In sandy soil, along the shores of Lake Champlain and Lake George. Rare. Port Kent, Peck (22d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 103. 1869, as C. Grayii). Fort Edward, Howe. Lake George, William H. Leggett (Britton in Torr. Club Bui. 18: 369. 1891). Washington county, Burnham (Torreya 19: 126. 1919). 10 Cyperus fuscus L. Sp. PI. 46. 1753 Brown cyperus Rare as a weed on ballast in southern New York ( Taylor ) ; and in waste places at Rochester {Baxter). Adventive from Europe. 11 Cyperus dentatus Torrey, FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1: 61. 1824 Toothed cyperus In sandy swamps and on shores. Frequent throughout the Adi- rondacks and northern New York. Less common southward and not recorded from the western part of the State. Shores of Fourth lake, northern Herkimer county and on a sandy point of the north side and at the head of the lake near the inlet from the upper lake, where it occurs in its abnormal state with scales and spikes foliaceous, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 146. 1865. Lake Pleasant, Hamilton county, Peck, House. Vlei, Ful¬ ton county, C. P. Alexander. Lake George, Burnham. N'ewcomb, Essex county, House. Pond Brook, Broome county, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 1 19. 1898). Rare on Long Island at Yaphank and Ronkonkoma, recorded from but not definitely known on Staten Island (Torr. Club Bui. 5: 29. 1874), thence scattered up the Hudson valley to Columbia county, but not reported from the Cats¬ kills, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 155. 1915). Middle Island, House. Riverhead, Peck. T2 Cyperus rotundus L. Sp. PI. 45. 1753 Nut grass C. hydra Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 27. 1803 Native of the southeastern states and tropical regions. Rare as an adventive on ballast and in waste places near New York City. 13 Cyperus esculentus L. Sp. PI. 45. 1753. Yellow nut grass C. phymatodes Muhl. Gram. 23. 1817 C. repens Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 264. 1836 C. repens Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 341. 1843 In moist fields, banks and along shores. Often a troublesome weed in sandy fields. Very abundant in the Hudson valley and west¬ ward to Oneida lake and Lake Ontario. Definite data as to its abundance in the northern counties and the western and southeastern parts of the State is lacking. 134 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 14 Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. Gram. 20. 1817 Red-rooted cyperus In wet or moist soil, especially along streams and shores. Frequent or common in southern New York, but not reported from the Adi¬ rondack region, the Catskill mountains, or Staten Island. Rare on Long Island. 15 Cyperus speciosus Vahl, Enum. 2: 364. 1806 Michaux’s cyperus C. Michaitxianus Schultes, Mant. 2: 123. 1824 C. erythrorhizos Torrey, FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1: 61. 1824. Not Muhl. 1817 Frequent in marshes and wet places, Rensselaer county westward and southward across the State. Shores of the Hudson above Rensselaer, House. Borders of salt marshes near New York and on Long Island; Rochester, Kneis- kern (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 340. 1843). Rare in Westchester county, increasing northward, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 155. 1915). Borders of Oneida lake, Kneiskern; Salina, Carey; head and east side of Onondaga lake ; shore of Lake Ontario ; Oswego ; Crooked lake, S art well (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 146. 1865). Frequent on shores of Lake Ontario and in Wayne county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 115. 1896). 16 Cyperus ferax L. C. Richard, Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 106. 1792 Coarse cyperus In wet soil along the coast. Rare. Orient Point, Suffolk county, Latham (in State Herbarium). 17 Cyperus Engelmanni Steud. Syn. PI. Cyp. 47. 1855 Engelmann’s cyperus In wet soil along the coast. Rare. Orient Point, Suffolk county, Bushnell’s Basin, Monroe county, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 79. 1917) ; House (in state herbarium). Pittsford, Baxter. 18 Cyperus strigosus L. Sp. PI. 47. 1753 Straw-colored cyperus In moist soil. Frequent or common throughout the State, south of the Adirondacks where it is rare or local, and not recorded from the pine-barrens of Long Island. Common in the valley of the Mohawk ; Whitesboro ; plains west of Rome and around Oneida lake, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 146. 1865). Reported as common by Clute (FI. Upper Sus¬ quehanna 1 19. 1898), and in Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 1 15. 1896). 19 Cyperus retrofractus (L.) Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 344. 1843 Rough cyperus Scirpus retrofractus L. Sp. PI. 50. 1753 Mariscus retrofractus Vahl, Enum. 2: 373. 1806 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 135 Torrey (l.c.) records this species from Hoboken, New Jersey, and doubtfully from New York. A note in Torrey Club Bui. 5: 29. 1874 states that it had not been found recently in New York, and no authentic records of its occurrence north of New Jersey are to be found. 20 Cyperus Torreyi Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 13: 215. 1886 Pine-barren cyperus Mariscus cylindricus Ell., Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 74. 1816 C. ovularis cylindricus Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3 : 279. 1836 Cyperus cylindricus Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 6: 339. 1879. Not Boeckeler, 1859 In sandy pine-barrens and on the sea shore, southern New York. Rare. 21 Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 278. 1836 Globose cyperus Kyllingia ovularis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 29. 1803 Mariscus ovularis Vahl, Enum. 2: 374. 1806 In dry fields and on hills. Rare and local in Westchester county and in the Bronx. Not definitely known from Long Island (Taylor, FI. Vic. N. Y. 157. 1915). 22 Cyperus filiculmis Vahl, Enum. 2: 328. 1806 Slender cyperus Mariscus cyperiformis Torrey, Cat. PI. N. Y. 14. 1819 C. mariscoides Ell. Bot. S. C. U. Ga. 1: 67. 1816 C. filiculmis var. macilentus Fernald, Rhodora 8: 128. 1906 C. macilentus Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 35: 478. 1908 In dry or sandy fields and on hills. Frequent or common in eastern and central New York and along the Ontario lowlands to Erie county. Less common northward in sandy localities to Lake Champlain and St. Lawrence county. Common on Long Island and Staten Island. Not reported from the range of Clute’s “Flora of the Upper Susquehanna,” from the higher Catskills or from the Adirondacks. 23 Cyperus Grayi Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 268. 1836 Gray’s cyperus In sandy soil along the seashore and in the pine-barrens of southern and eastern Long Island. Somewhat local or uncommon. ELEOCHARIS R. Br. FI. Nov. Holl. 1 : 224. 1810 Trichop hyllum Ehrh. Beitr. 4: 147. 1789 (nomina usualia) Bulbostylis Stev. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 5: 355. 1814 Heleocharis Lestib. Ess. Cyp. 41. 1819 136 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Megadenus Raf. Neogent. 4. 1825 Chaetocyperus Nees, Linnaea 9 : 289. 1834 Limnochloa Beauv. in Lestib., l.c. Scirpus 2. § Eleocharis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 757. 1891 Chlorocharis Rikli in Pringsheim, Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 27: 564. 1895 1 Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl) R. Br., l.c. Knotted spike rush Scirpus intcrstinctus Vahl, Enum. 2: 251. 1806 5. equisetoides Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 79. 1816 E. Elliotii A. Dietr., Sp. PI. 2 : 82. 1833 E. equisetoides Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 296. 1836 In shallow water. Although the range of the species is from Massa¬ chusetts to Wisconsin and southward, Mendon ponds, Monroe county, Matthews, 1920, is the only definitely known station in this State. 2 Eleocharis mutata (L.) R. Br., l.c. Angled spike rush Scirpus mutatus L. Anioen. Acad. 5: 391. 1760 S', quadrangulatus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 30. 1803 S', marginatus Muhl. Desc. Gram. 28. 1819 In ponds and streams. Rare but widely distributed across the State. North Salem, Westchester county, S'. B. Mead (Beck herbarium). North pond, Taylor (P'l. Vic. N. Y. 158. 1915). Outlet of Oneida lake, Gray. Paddy lake, South Scriba, Oswego county, IVibbe (Torr. Club Bui. 10: 46. 1883). Lake Meahtowantah, near Ful¬ ton, Oswego county, Coville (42d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 37. 1889). 3 Eleocharis Robbinsii Oakes, in Hovey’s Mag. Hort. 7: 178. 1841 Robbin’s spike rush In shallow water. Northern and central parts of the State, Dutchess county, and on Long Island. Rare. Long pond near Wading River, E. S. Miller (25th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 70. 1873; Torr. Club Bui. 5: 29. 1874). Rare in Suf¬ folk, Nassau and Dutchess counties, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 159. 1915). Lake Harris and Lake Jimmy, Essex county, Peck (30th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 70. 1878). Mud lake, Oswego county, Sheldon. 4 Eleocharis olivacea Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 300. 1836 Bright-green spike rush In wet soil and on muddy shores. Infrequent from Rensselaer county westward and southward. Near Babylon, Long Island, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2: 347. 1843). Mohegan lake, Westchester county, Leggett (Torr. Club Bui. 5: 29. 1874). Sodus Point, Wayne county, Paine (Cat. 190. 1865). Monroe and Wayne counties, Baxter, Scaring, Hankenson { Proc. Rochester Acad. 3 : 115. 1896:5: 31. 1910). Mud pond, Oswego county, Fernald & IViegand (Rhodora 25: 208. 1923). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 137 5 Eleocharis annua (Thuill.) House, N. Y. S.tate Mus. Bui. 243- 244 : 58. 1923 Ovoid spike rush Scirpus ovatus Roth, Catal. Bot. x: 5- 1797- Not Gilib. 1792 5. annuus Thuill. FI. Par. ed. 2, 22. 1799 S. compressus Moench, Meth. 349. 1794. Not Pers. S. capitatus Schreb. Spicil. 60. 1771. Not L. S. multicanlis C. C. Gmel. FI. Bad. 1: 96. 1806. Not Vahl. N. turgidus Pers. Syn. 1: 66. 1805. Not Thuill. Eleocharis ovata R. Br. l.c. 224 In wet soil, especially in marshes, along the shores of ponds, lakes and slow streams. Common in most sections of the State. 6 Eleocharis diandra C. Wright, Torr. Club Bui. 10: 101. 1883 Wright’s spike rush On sandy or muddy shores of ponds, lakes and streams. Locally abundant across the State. Lansingburg, E. C. Hozve (41st Rep't N. Y. State Mus. 58. 1888). Shores of Oneida lake, in Oneida and Madison counties, Haber er (Rhodora 2: 60, 61. 1900; N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54: 959. 1902). Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. Hudson river at Baker’s Falls, Burnham (Torreya 19: 126. 1919). 7 Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schultes, Mant. 2: 89. 1824 Blunt spike rush Scirpus capitatus Walt. FI. Car. 70. 1788. Not L. S. obtusus Willd. Enum. 70. 1809 In wet soil and on moist or muddy shores. Common in most sec¬ tions of the State. 8 Eleocharis Engelmanni Steud. Syn. PI. Cyp. 79. 1855 Engelmann’s spike rush E. ovata var. Engelmanni Britton, Jour. N. Y. Micr. Soc. 5: 103. 1889 In wet soil and on muddy shores in the southeastern portion of the State. Rare. Bronx county ; Jamaica, Valley Stream and Rockville Center, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 159. 1915). 9 Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. & S. Syst. 2: 151. 1817 Creeping spike rush Scirpus palustris L. Sp. PI. 47. 1753 N. ovatus Gilib. Exercit. 512. 1792. Not Roth. S. reptans & S. intermedins Thuill. FI. Par. ed. 2, 21, 22. 1799. .S’. /j/IcmZhjw Schur. Enum. PI. Transs. 690. 1866 Chlorocharis palustris Rikli, l.c. In marshy or swampy places, often in shallow water or along the borders of ponds, lakes and slow streams. Common throughout the State. Passing into a very stout variety : 138 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Var. major Sonder, FI. Hamb. 22. 1851 (var. vigens Bailey; Britton, l.c. 104). Locally common in shallow water of lakes and ponds, and in its extremely stout form appearing very distinct. A variety of the species without bristles on the achenes, also locally abundant is known as var. calva (Torrey) A. Gray, ( E . calva Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 346. 1843). 10 Eleocharis glaucescens (Willd.) R. & S., Mant. 2: 89. 1824 Glaucous creeping spike rush Scirpus glaucescens Willd. Enum. 76. 1809 E. erythropoda Steud. Syn. PI. Cyp. 7 6. 1855 E. palustris var. glaucescens A. Gray, Man. 558. 1848 In marshy or wet, sometimes muddy places or on shores. Fre¬ quent or locally common throughout most sections of the State outside of the higher Adirondacks. The features which distinguish this from E. palustris are pointed out by Bicknell (Torr. Club Bui. 35: 479. 1908). 11 Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. & S. Syst. 2: 154. 1817 Needle or least spike rush Scirpus acicularis L. Sp. PI. 48. 1753 A. capillaceus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 30. 1803 S. trichodes Muhl. Descr. Gram. 30. 1817 In wet soil and on muddy shores and banks. Common throughout the State. 12 Eleocharis simplex (Ell.) A. Dietr. Sp. PI. 2: 78. 1833 Twisted spike rush Scirpus simplex Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 76. 1816 S. tortilis Link, Jahrb. 3: 78. 1820 E. tortilis Schultes, Mant. 2: 92. 1824 In wet soil. Ranges chiefly south of our borders. In this State known only from Rockville Center, Long Island {Taylor). 13 Eleocharis tuberculosa (Michx.) R. & S. Syst. 2: 152. 1817 Large-tuberculed spike rush Scirpus tuberculosus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 30. 1803 In wet soil. Rare on Long Island and Staten Island. Long Island, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2: 348. 1843). Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 16: 134. 1889; 45th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 29. 1893). 14 Eleocharis Torreyana Boeckeler, Linnaea 36: 440. 1870. Torrey’s spike rush In wet sandy soil or brackish marshes. Frequent on Long Island and near New York City. Not reported northward in the State. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 1 3$i 15 Eleocharis melanocarpa Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3 : 31 1. 1836 Black-fruited spike rush In wet sandy soil. Rare on Long Island and Staten Island. Suffolk county, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2: 520. 1843). Wading River, Miller, Young, Peck. Springville and New Dorp, Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 9: 151. 1882). 16 Eleocharis tricostata Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 310. 1836 Three-ribbed spike rush In wet soil. Rare on Long Island. Wading River, E. S. Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 258. 1878; 31st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 31. 1879). Ronkonkoma, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 160. 1915). 17 Eleocharis capitata (L.) R. Br. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 1: 225. 1810 Slender spike rush Scirpus capitatus L. Sp. PI. 48. 1753 5. filiformis Lam. Illus. 1: 138. 1791 5. tenuis Willd. Enum. 1: 76. 1809. Not Schreb. E. tenuis Schultes, Mant. 2: 92. 1824 E. filiformis Kunth, Enum. PI. 2: 146. 1837 Chlorocharis capitata Rikli, l.c. In wet soil. Common or frequent throughout practically all sec¬ tions of the State. 18 Eleocharis acuminatus (Muhl.) Nees, Linnaea 9: 294. 1835 Flat-stemmed spike rush Scirpus acuminatus Muhl. Gram. 27. 1817 E. compressa Sulliv. Am. Jour. Sci. 42: 50. 1842 In wet soil, especially in open marshes and swamps. Locally frequent from Washington county westward to Jefferson county and Lake Erie. Not reported from the extreme northern counties nor from the southern and southeastern counties. Shallow borders of lakes in the north woods ; millpond at Cedar- ville, southern Herkimer county ; Brownsville, Jefferson county, Wood (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 147. 1865). Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 115. 1896). Grand Island, /. Peter (53d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 853. 1900). Lake Bonaparte, Lewis county, Peck, House. Shushan, Washington county, Dobbin (Torreya 19: 127. 1919). Jamesville, Onondaga county, House. 19 Eleocharis reclinata Kunth, Enum. PI. 2: 143. 1837 Matted spike rush Scirpus intermedins Muhl. Gram. 31. 1817. Not Thuill. 1799, not Poir. 1804 E. intermedia Schultes, Mant. 2: 91. 1824 Scirpus reclinatus Beyr. in Kunth, l.c. In marshes and on damp or muddy shores and banks. Infrequent or locally abundant across the State outside of and chiefly south of the Adirondacks. Not reported from the higher Catskills. 140 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Hudson river below Albany, House. Jefferson county, Crawe ; Oneida county, Gray; Oriskany, Kneiskcrn ; Cedarville, Herkimer county ; southern Oneida and Madison counties, Gray ; Benton, Yates county, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 147. 1865). Shore of Lake Ontario and ponds elsewhere (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 1 1 5. 1896). Oneida lake, House. Washington county, Burnham. Frequent in Tompkins county, Dudley (Cayuga Flora 108. 1886). Var. Habereri ( Fernald ) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243- 244: 43. 1923 ( E . intermedia var. Habereri Fernald, Rhodora 8: 130. 1906), is common on the sandy shores of Oneida lake at Lewis Point, Madison county, Haberer, Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, Peck, Haberer, House, and doubtless elsewhere in central and west¬ ern New York. 20 Eleocharis rostellata Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 347. 1843 Beaked spike rush Scirpus rostcllatus Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 318. 1836 In marshes and wet meadows. Infrequent or locally abundant across the State south of the Adirondacks, hut not reported from the upper Hudson valley, the Catskills or the Delaware valley. Not uncommon on Long Island and in southern Westchester county and in the Bronx, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 161. 1915). Cayuga marshes and Indian Salt Springs, Tompkins county, Dudley (Cayuga FI. 108. 1886). Junius, Seneca county and Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Booth, Fish, Paine, Holzer (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 147. 1865), Clinton (19th Rep’t N. Y. State Museum. 79. 1866). Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Sullivans, Ontario county Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 79. 1917). Jamesville, Onondaga county, House. Paine calls attention to the habit of this species in rooting from the apex of the sterile culms, and Allen (Torr. Club Bui. 5: 29. 1874) also mentions this habit of the species. STENOPHYLLUS Raf. Neogent. 4. 1825 Stenophyllus capillaris (L.) Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 21 : 30. 1894 Hairlike stenophyllus Scirpus capillaris L. Sp. PI. 49. 1753 Isolepis capillaris R. & S. Syst. 2: 118. 1817 Y. Muhlenbergii Spreng. Syst. 1: 207. 1825 Fimbristylis capillaris A. Gray, Man. 530. 1848 Iriha capillaris Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 753. 1891 In dry or moist, usually sandy soil. Locally common across the State outside of the Adirondacks and higher Catskills. Washington county, Burnham. Pine plains of Schenectady, Paige; sandy plains of Oneida lake, Gray (Paine, Cat. 150. 1865). Sylvan Beach, House (Torreya 3: 165. 1903). Round lake, Saratoga county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 157: 42. 1912). Albany, House. ANNOTATED list of ferns and flowering plants 141 Var. cryptostachys Fernald, Rhodora 19: 154. 1917, with spikelets 4-10 mm long, 12-56-flowered, usually darker colored and sessile; perhaps a distinct species, occurs at Fort Edward, Howe; Round lake, Peck; Vlei, Fulton county, Alexander ; and doubtless elsewhere eastward in the State. FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl, Enum. 285. 1806 Iria Hedw. f. gen. 360. 1806 — Iriha Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 751. 1891 Fimbristylis castanea (Michx.) Vahl. l.c. 292 Marsh fimbristylis Scirpus castaneus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 31. 1803 S. carolinianus Lam. Illus. 1: 142. 1791 In marshes and shallow water, usually on or near salt or brackish meadows. Rare on Long Island and Staten Island. Var. puberula (Michx.) Britton (S’, puberulus Michx., l.c.) is reported by Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 1915) from the Hempstead Plains, Long Island. ( F . puberula Vahl, l.c. 289). TRICHELOSTYLIS Lestib. Ess. Fam. Cyp. 40. 1819* 1 Trichelostylis autumnalis (L.) Nees, Linnaea 9: 290. 1834 Low trichelostylis Scirpus autumnalis L„ Mant. 2: 180. 1771 T. geminata Nees, l.c. Fimbristylis Frankii Steud. Syn. PI. Cyp. in. 1855 F. geminata Kunth ; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 1 : 322. 1913 F. autumnalis R. & S. Syst. 2: 97. 1817 Iriha autumnalis Kuntze, l.c. 752 In moist soil and on sandy shores. Frequent or locally common across the State south of the Adirondacks. 2 Trichelostylis mucronulata (Michx.) Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 365. 1836 (Excel, syn. Nees) Slender trichelostylis Scirpus mucronulatus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 31. 1803 S. Michauxii Pers. Syn. 1: 68. 1805 T. borealis Wood, Am. Bot. & Flor. 364. 1871 Fimbristylis autumnalis R. & S. ; Britton & Brown, l.c. T. autumnalis Wood, Classbook, 741. 1861. Not Nees In low grounds and on moist shores. Frequent in the eastern central and southern sections of the State. Elsewhere rather rare or local. Common on the plains between Albany and Schenectady and on Long Island. Rare in Oneida county. * If Stenophyllus Raf. is to be maintained separately from Fimbristylis, it seems necessary to restore the genus Trichelostylis, with its three-cleft styles and triangular achenes. 142 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ERIOPHORUM L. Sp. PI. 52. 1753 1 Eriophorum alpinu.m L., l.c. Alpine cotton grass E. hudsonianum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 34. 1803 Trichophorum hudsonianum Nutt. Gen. 1: 36. 1818 Scirpus hudsonianus Fernald, Rhodora 8: 161. 1906 Leucocoma alpina Rydb. Rocky Mt. FI. 108. 1917 In bogs and on boggy mountain summits. Common northward across the State. Less frequent or local southward to Rensselaer, Otsego and Tompkins counties, and westward to Lake Erie. Oriskany, Kneiskern, Gray , Vasey; Rome; Hidden lake, Litch¬ field, Herkimer county and Mud lake, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 149. 1865). Essex, Lewis and Hamilton counties, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 75: 24. 1904; 94: 38. 1905). Wayne county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 116. 1896). Sugar river near Leyden, Lewis county, Haberer. Bonaparte swamp, Lewis county, House. North Hannibal, Oswego county, House. Lily marsh, South New Haven, Oswego county, C. S. Sheldon, House. Kasoag, Oswego county, House. Oneida and Pecksport, Madison county, House. Several localities in Washington county, Burnham (Torreya 19: 127. 1919). Round marshes, Tompkins county, Dudley (Cayuga Flora 109. 1886). 2 Eriophorum callithrix Chamisso, in C. A. Meyer, Mem. Sav. Etrang. 1: 203. 1831 Sheathed cotton grass E. caespitosum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 1 : 57. 1814. Not Ftost. E. vaginatuni Torrey, FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1: 65. 1824. Not L. E. virginatum Eaton & Wright, N. Am. Bot. 237. 1840 In bogs. Frequent in northern New York, local southward to Rensselaer county and westward to Wyoming and Wayne counties. Wetmore’s pond, Frankford Hill, Herkimer county; Watertown and Utica, Gray; pine plains west of Rome, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 149. 1865). Mount Marcy, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2: 358. 1843) ! Peck (52d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 663. 1899). Summit of Mount McIntyre and several localities in North Elba, Essex county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28 : 138. 1899). Newcomb, House. Sand- lake, Rensselaer county, Peck. Washington county, Burnham (Torreya 19: 127. 1919). Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell. Wayne county, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 116. 1896). Wethersfield, Wyoming county, Baxter. Pecksport, Madison county, House. Lily marsh, South New Haven, Oswego county, House. Onjebonge pond. Natural Bridge, Lewis county, House. 3 Eriophorum gracile Koch; Roth, Catal. Bot. 2: 259. 1800 Slender cotton grass E. triquetrum Hoppe, Taschenb. 1800: 196. 1800 In bogs. Frequent in the northern part of the State. Less abundant, local or rare southward to Bronx county, westward across the State. Not reported from the southern tier of counties. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 143 Open grassy bog, north of Summit lake, Otsego county ; Cedar swamp, bordering Mud lake, Hidden lake, southern Herkimer county; cold bogs west of Fort Bull, Rome, and North pond, Oneida county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 150. 1865). Near Long lake, Herkimer county, Peck (30th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 70. 1878). Rare in the Bronx and Westchester county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 163. 1915)- Bonaparte swamp, Lewis county, House. Tupper Lake, Franklin county, House. Big Moose, Peck. Mendon, Monroe county, House. 4 Eriophorum tenellum Nutt. Gen. (Add.) 1818 Rough cotton grass E. gracilc A. Gray, Man. 529. 1848. Not Koch, 1800 E. paucinervium A. A. Eaton, Torr. Club Bui. 25: 341. 1898 In bogs. Frequent in the Adirondacks and the northern counties. Abundant, local or rare southward to Bronx county, westward across State. Lake Placid, Essex county, House. Newcomb, House. Long Lake, Oneida county, House. Rome, Oneida county, House. Lily marsh, South New Haven, Oswego county, House. Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell. Wayne county, Killip (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 79. 1917). Karner, Albany county, House. Highland lake, Sullivan county, Peck. Sam’s Point, Ulster county, Peck. Boggy depression in Hempstead plains, Long Island, House. 5 Eriophorum angustifolium Roth, Tent. 1 : 24. 1788 Tall cotton grass Linagrostis vulgaris Hill, Brit. Herb. 506. 1756 E. polystachyon var. angustifolium A. Gray, Man. 529. 1848 In bogs. Essex and Rensselaer counties westward across the State. Not reported from the higher Adirondack region, but probably occurring there. Not reported from the Catskill region, the south¬ eastern part of the State nor from the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. Oriskany swamp; Brookfield, Madison county, Gray; bogs in northern Herkimer county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 149. 1865). Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell. Near Utica, Gray. Ticonderoga C. S. Banks. Schuyler’s lake, Gray. Var. majus Schultz, FI. Starg. Suppl. 3. 1819 (E. polystachyon var. elatius Bab. Man. 333. 1843), at Snyder’s Corners, Rensselaer county, Peck. 6 Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald, Rhodora 7: 89. 1905 Thin-leaved cotton grass E. latifolium var. viridicarinatum Engelm. Am. Jour. Sci. 46: 103. 1844 E. polystachyon var. latifolium A. Gray, Man. 529. 1848 E. polystachyon Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 359. 1843. Not L. 1753 144 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In wet meadows, marshes and bogs. Common throughout the State northward and westward. Less common or local southward to Westchester county. 7 Eriophorum virginicum L. Sp. PI. 52. 1753 Virginia cotton grass In bogs and marshes throughout the State. Common or frequent. “ More common in the bogs of the pine-barrens and in the mountains northward, than in the intervening territory,” Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 164. 1915). The var. album A. Gray with white bristles, is rather frequent. SCIRPUS L. Sp. PI. 47. 1753 1 Scirpus nanus Spreng. Pug. 1: 4. 1815 Dwarf club rush Eleocharis pygmaea Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 313. 1836 Rare in muddy places in the salt marshes along the coast and reported inland at Onondaga lake. 2 Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf. FI. Scot. 1078. 1777 Few-flowered club rush Eleocharis pauciflorus Link, Hort. Berol. 1 : 284. 1827 In wet or boggy soil. Rare across the northern part of the State and local westward to Cayuga and Genesee counties. Watertown, Crawe; southern Herkimer county; Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 148. 1865). Sodus bay, Paine (l.c. 191). Newcomb, Essex county, Peck (30th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 70. 1878). Summit of Mount Marcy, Peck, Killip. Union Springs, Cayuga county and Tully lake, Onondaga county, Dudley. 3 Scirpus caespitosus L. Sp. Pi. 48. 1753. Tufted club rush S. bractcatus Bigel. N. Eng. Jour. Med. 5: 335. 1816 5. obtusus Bigel. l.c. Not Willd. Aplostcmon bracteatum Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 1: 441. 1817 In bogs and on moist rocks. Infrequent in the Adirondack mountains, and in Genesee county. The form which occurs in New York, is S. cespitosus var. callosus Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 21. 1824. Mount Marcy, Kneiskern, Peck ( 52d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 663. 1899). Summit of Mount McIntyre and Mount Wright, and marshy places west of Wallface mountain, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 137. 1899). Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Fish, Booth, Holzer, etc. (Clinton in 19th Rep’t Regents, 79. 1866). 4 Scirpus Clintoni A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. (II) 38: 290. 1864 Clinton’s club rush In dry fields and thickets. Rare. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 145 Buffalo, June, 1864, G. W. Clinton (19th Rep’t Regents, 202. 1866, and in state herbarium). Ogdensburg, Crawe (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 148. 1865). 5 Scirpus planifolius Muhl. Gram. 32. 1817 Wood club rush In woods and thickets. Infrequent or locally abundant across the State south and west of the Adirondacks. Rare and local on Long Island, frequent on Staten Island and in the Bronx, thence increasing northward, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 165. 1915). Frequent in Chemung county, Lucy; Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 120. 1898). Ogdens¬ burg, St Lawrence county ; Crazve, and Hudson river above Albany, Peck (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 148, 191. 1865). Glenmont, Albany county, House. Fishkill, Dutchess county, Peck. Hillside east of Cayuga lake, Dudley. Monroe county, Baxter, House. Washington county, Stevenson (Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 317. 1836). 6 Scirpus subterminalis Torrey, FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1 : 47. 1824 Water club rush In ponds and slow streams, or sometimes on their borders. Local or rare across the State northward from Essex and Washington counties westward to Herkimer, Oswego and Wayne counties. Also on Long Island. First lake, Herkimer county; North pond, Oneida county, and the Var. terrestris Paine, in wet moss on Hidden lake, southern Herkimer county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 148. 1865). White lake, Oneida county, Haberer (Rhodora 7: 106. 1905). Lake Jimmy and Lake Harris, Essex county, Peck (30th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 70. 1878). Lake Pleasant, Hamilton county, House. Washington county, Burnham (Torreya 19: 128. 1919). Sand lake, Rensselaer county, H. H; Eaton (Torrey, l.c. 318). Mud lake, Hannibal, Oswego county, Beckwith. Lily marsh, South New Haven, Oswego county, C. S. Sheldon. Wayne county, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 116. 1898). Scattered throughout the range and common in the pine-harrens streams ; unknown on Staten Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 156. 1915). Little York lake, Cortland county, Dudley, 1886. 7 Scirpus debilis Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 55. 1814 Weak-stalked club rush On moist sandy or muddy shores. Frequent on Long Island and Staten Island, decreasing northward. Most if not all of the reports of this from inland localities doubtless refer to the next species. 146 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 8 Scirpus Smithii A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 503. 1867 Smith’s club rush Wet or moist sandy or muddy shores. Lake Champlain west¬ ward to the St Lawrence, shores of Lake Ontario and the inland lakes of New York, south to Dutchess county. Sackett’s Harbor, Gray ; Sodus Bay ; Oneida lake, Kneiskern (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 148. 1865). Stissing pond, Dutchess county, Hoysradt. Northville, P'ulton county, A. Olsson. Oneida lake, House (Torreya 3: 165. 1903). Shore of Cayuga lake near Union Springs, Cayuga county, Dudley (36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 40. 1884). Lake Ontario at Braddock’s bay, Monroe county, Fuller (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 116. 1896). Woodville, Jefferson county, House. 9 Scirpus americanus Pers. Syn. x : 68. 1805 Chair-makers rush S. pungcns Vahl, Enum. 2: 255. 1806 S. trlqueter Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 352. 1843. Not L. In shallow water of fresh or brackish swamps and in marshes and on moist sandy or muddy shores. Frequent or common through¬ out most sections of the State. 10 Scirpus Olneyi A. Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 5: 238. 1845 Olney’s rush In salt marshes along the coast of Long Island and Staten Island. Rare (Torr. Club Bui. 4: 42. 1873; 2I4- 1891; 27th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 90. 1877). 11 Scirpus Torreyi Olnev, Proc. Providence Frank. Soc. 1: 32. 1847 Torrey’s bulrush Y. mucronatus Torrey FI. N. Y. 2: 353. 1843. Not L. In swamps and in shallow water of slow streams and lakes, often on boggy shores. Frequent in the Adirondack region. Rare or local southward to Tioga county and Long Island. Head of Fourth lake, Hamilton county; West Bergen swamp, with Juncus balticus etc. Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 148. 1865). Shores of Schroon lake, Peck (25th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 107. 1873). Beaver lake. Peck (41st Rep’t 82. 1888). Big Moose lake, Peck. Lake Pleasant, Newcomb and Aiden Lair, House. West Point, Bailey (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 353. 1843). Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. Dresden, Washington county, Peck. 12 Scirpus validus Vahl, Enum. 2: 268. 1806 American great bulrush N. orgyalis Raf. Ann. Nat. 16. 1820 S. lacustris Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 353. 1843. Not L. In ponds, swamps, marshes and along the shores of lakes and slow streams. Common throughout the State. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 147 13 Scirpus acutus Muhl. ; Bigel. FI. Bost. 15. 1814 — Fernald, Rhodora 22 : 55. 1920 Western bulrush 5'. lacustris var. occidentalis S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 218. 1880 .S', occidentalis Chase, Rhodora 6: 68. 1904 Borders of lakes and streams. Rare across the middle part of the State. Schenectady, Wibbe. Shore of Lake Ontario, IVibbe (Torr. Club Bui. 10: 46. 1883, cited by Chase). Canandaigua, Ontario county, Miss E. C. Webster. Forma congestus (Farwell) Fernald, l.c. 23: 1 3 1 . 1921, with contracted inflorescence, has not been reported from this State. The plants reported by Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 94: 34. 1905) from Oneida lake, Thompson’s lake and Lake Bonaparte, are all S', validus. 14 Scirpus heterochaetus Chase, Rhodora 6 : 70. 1904 Pale great bulrush Y. lacustris var. condensatus Peck, 5.3d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 853. 1900. Borders of lakes and ponds. Rare in the western part of the State from St Lawrence county westward. Havana, Chickering (Gray herbarium). Lime lake, Fenno. Black lake, Morristown, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Mouth of Salmon river, Oswego county, Fernald & Wiegand (Rhodora 25: 208. 1923). Montauk, Ferguson. 15 Scirpus paludosus A. Nelson, Torr. Club Bui. 25: 5. 1899 Prairie bulrush 5. campestris Britton; in B. & B. Ulus. FI. 1: 267. 1896. Not Roth, 1795 Y. interior Britton. Man. ed. 2, 178. 1905 Y. campestris var. paludosus Fernald, Rhodora 8: 162. 1906 In salt marshes. Occasional on Long Island and inland in Onondaga and Wayne counties. Onondaga lake, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 149. 1865, as S', maritimus ). Near Syracuse, C. S. Sheldon. Savannah, Wayne county, Peck. 16 Scirpus robustus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 56. 1814 Salt-marsh bulrush S. maritimus var. macrostachyus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 32. 1803 Y. maritimus Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 32 3. 1836. Not L. In salt marshes along the coast of Long Island and Staten Island. Frequent. Also inland at the head of Onondaga lake ( Clinton , Paine, Mrs M. O. Rust). 17 Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) A. Gray, Man. 527. 1848 River bulrush Y. maritimus P. fluviatilis Torrey, l.c. 324 148 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In shallow water and marshy or moist shores, along lakes and streams, Lake Champlain south to Dutchess and Greene counties westward to the St Lawrence, Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Pine Plains, Dutchess county, and opposite New Baltimore, Greene county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 167. 1915)- Gravelly shores of Canaderaga lake, Otsego county, where it was discovered by Gray in 1832; borders of Oneida lake, Kneiskern; Yates county, Sartwell; Irondequoit bay, Holzer (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 149. 1865). Common in Genesee river, Irondequoit bay and Long pond, (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 116. 1896). Oneida lake, House. Lake Champlain, Peck. Montezuma marshes, Seneca county, House. Hudson river below Albany, House. 18 Scirpus novae-angliae Britton; in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3:509. 1898 New England bulrush In fresh and brackish marshes. Reported from Spuvten Duyvil creek, New York City, and Smithtown, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 167. 1915). 19 Scirpus sylvaticus L. Sp. PI. 51. 1753 Wood bulrush In swamps and along streams and shores of lakes and ponds. Locally frequent southward in the State. Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 9: 151. 1882). Tarrytown, Howe (Torr. Club Bui. 9: 35. 1882). Shandaken, Ulster county, Peck. Albany county, Peck (38th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 108. 1885). Utica, Haberer. Forms with reddish sheaths and less distinctly three-angled achenes indicate a possible inter¬ gradation with the following species. 20 Scirpus microcarpus Presl. Rel. Haenk. 1 : 95. 1828 Small-fruited bulrush S. sylvaticus var. didynus Boeckl. Linnaea 36: 727. 1870 F. rubrotinctus Fernald, Rhodora 2: 20. 1900 In swamps, marshes and wet woods. Common throughout the northern, central and western portions of the State. Less frequent southward to Long Island. Northward the prevailing form tends to have more slender stems, narrower leaves and smaller inflorescence, corresponding to the original description of S', rubrotinctus Fernald. However through the middle and southern portions of the State it merges into a very stout form with broad leaves and large inflorescence which corre¬ sponds quite fully with S', microcarpus from the west coast of America. Var. confertus (Fernald) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 233-234: 62. 1922 S. rubrotinctus var. confertus Fernald, Rhodora 2: 21. 1900 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 149 Loon lake, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54: 959. 1902). Wilton, Saratoga county, Peck. Schenectady, IVibbe. Inlet, Hamilton county, House. Newcomb, Essex county, House. Var. Bissellii (Fernald) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244; 18. 1923. S. sylvaticus var. Bissellii Fernald, Rhodora 2: 21. 1900 Marsh near West Albany, IVibbe (state herbarium). Plant stout, spikelets 8-12 mm long, scales much darker than in either S', sylvaticus or typical S', microcarpus ; styles two-divided, occa¬ sionally three-divided in the same spikelet. 21 Scirpus atrovirens Muhl. Gram. 43. 1817 Dark green bulrush In meadows, bogs, marshes and wet places generally. Common throughout most sections of the State. Var. sychnocephalus S. N. Cowles, Am. Nat. 3: 101. 1869 .S', atrovirens var. pycnocephalus Fernald, Rhodora 8: 163. 1906 S. atrovirens forma sychnocephalus Blake, Rhodora 15: 161. 1913 Flats of the Mohawk near Utica, and at Lewis Point, Madison county, Haberer. Var. georgianus (Harper) Fernald, Rhodora 23: 134. 1921 S. georgianus Harper, Torr. Club Bui. 27: 331. 1900 Locally abundant in wet soil and marshes. Keene and Aiden Lair, Essex county, Peck. Newcomb, House. Grafton, Rensselaer county, Peck. Ivarner, Albany county, House. Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Blue Mountain lake, Hamilton county, House. Mendon, Monroe county, Matthezvs. 22 Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl, Enum. 2: 274. 1806 Leafy bulrush S. brunneus Muhl. Gram. 43. 1817; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 355. 1843 In swamps, wet woods and low meadows, chiefly in the eastern and southern portions of the State. Rare northward and westward. Rare on the north side of Long Island and reported from the south side; Staten Island, thence increasing northward, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 167. 1915). Harlem river, Bicknell (Torr. Club Bui. 7: 1 14. 1880). Shandaken, Ulster county, Peck (46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 50. 1893). Catskill, Clinton (38th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 108. 1885). Gansevoort, Saratoga county, Peck (41st Rep’t 82. 1888). Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartwell; Lockport, Niagara county, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 149. 1S65). Deer¬ field. Oneida county (according to Torrey). 23 Scirpus Peckii Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. n: 82. 1892 Peck’s bulrush .S', atratus Fernald, Rhodora 2: 18. 1900 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 150 In meadows and bogs. Northern and central portions of the State. Infrequent. Loon Lake, Franklin county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54: 959. 1902. Lake Pleasant, Llamilton county, Peck (45th Rep’t 30. 1893; 46th Rep’t 22. 1893). Shushan, Washington county, Dobbin. Panther lake, Oswego county, House. 24 Scirpus lineatus Miichx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 32. 1803 Reddish bulrush In swamps and wet meadows. Infrequent or locally abundant throughout the State, except on Long Island and Staten Island. Woodlawn, New York City, Taylor. Poughkeepsie, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2: 357. 1843). Ontario county, Sartwell. Middle Grove, Saratoga county. Peck (47th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 38. 1894). Not common (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3 : 116. 1896). Albany, Peck. Oneida and Herkimer counties, Habercr. Oswego, Sheldon. Kirk- ville, Onondaga county, House. Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Poughkeepsie, Dudgeon (Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 332. 1836). 25 Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth, Enum. 2: 170. 1837 Wool grass Eriophorum cyperinum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 77. 1762 Trichophorum cyperinum Pers. Syn. 1: 69. 1806 3'. eriophorum P, Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 331. 1836 In wet meadows, marshes and swamps. Common throughout the State. The typical form, uncommon in this State, has spikelets all glom- erulate, reddish-brown involucels, scales and bristles, while the com¬ moner form with us is : Var. pelius Fernald, Rhodora 8: 164. 1906, with involucels dull brown or drab, with blackish bases ; rays elongate, the glomerules mostly distinct, bristles drab or smoke-colored. Var. pelius forma congestus House, comb. nov. S. Eriophorum var. condensatus Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 34: 501. 1899 S. cyperinus var. condensatus Fernald, Rhodora 2: 16. 1900. Not Eriophorum cyperinum var. condensatum Peck, 46th Rep't 50 1893 (which is same as Y. atrocinctus var. brachypodus Fernald) S. cyperinus var. pelius forma condensatus Blake, Rhodora 15; 162. 19x3 Y. cyperinus var. congestus Flouse, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 233-234: 62. 1922 An infrequent form of the var. pelius with contracted inflor¬ escence. Sandlake, Rensselaer county, Peck. Oswego, Wibbe. Oneida lake, House. Newcomb, Essex county, House. 26 Scirpus Eriophorum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 33. 1803 Wool grass In swamps and marshes, chiefly along or near the Atlantic coast. Closely related to the preceding species, and united to it by some authorities. The chief marks of distinction are the pedicelled lateral ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 1 5 1 spikelets of each group of the inflorescence, and the involucels bright reddish brown or terra cotta. It is apparently usually, but not al¬ ways coarser and taller than the preceding species, and perhaps intergrades with it. 27 Scirpus atrocinctus Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 34: 502. 1899. Northern wool grass 5. Eriophorum, V. Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 331. 1836 Eriophorum cyperinuvi var. atrocinctus Farwell, 2d Rep’t Mich. Acad. Sci. 39. 1901 In moist meadows, swamps and marshes, often along streams and shores of lakes and ponds. Very common across the State, but infrequent or rare in the extreme southern part of the State and perhaps absent from the coastal district. Var. condensatus (Peck) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 233-234: 62. 1922 Eriophorum cyperinum var. condensatum Peck, 46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 50. 1893 S. atrocinctus var. brachypodus Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 503. 1899 S', atrocinctus forma brachypodus Blake, Rhodora 15: 161. 1913 Less frequent than the typical species, but occurring locally throughout the range of the species. Var. grandis Fernald, Rhodora 2: 17. 1900. Taller and much stouter, with leaves sometimes 15 mm wide. Little Tupper lake, Hamilton county, House. Approaching in appearance the S'. Erio¬ phorum of the coastal region. 28 Scirpus pedicellatus Fernald, Rhodora 2 : 16. 1900 Slender wool grass In meadows and swamps. Frequent northward in the State. Local or rare southward and westward. Near Whitehall and Fort Ann, Washington county, Peck. Be¬ tween Schuylerville and Bemus Heights, Saratoga county, Peck. (54th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 144. 1901). Nichols, Tioga county, Fenno. Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. Pittsford, Monroe county, House. Bergen swamp, Genesee county, House. Var. pullus Fernald, Rhodora 2: 17. 1900 Lake Placid, Essex county, House. Snyder’s Corners, Rensselaer county, Peck. Tonawanda swamp, House. FUIRENA Rottb. Descr. & Ic. 70. pi. /p. /. 3. 1773 Fuirena squarrosa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 37. 1803 Umbrella grass F. squarrosa var. pumila Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1: 68. 1824 F. Torreyana Beck, Bot. 429. 1830 In wet meadows and marshes. Infrequent throughout the coastal plain of Long Island. Not reported from Staten Island. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 152 Fuirena hispida Ell. has been reported from, but is not definitely known from this State. HEMICARPHA Nees & Arn. Edinb. New Phil. Jour. 17: 263. 1834 Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Pax, in E. & P. Nat. Pflf. 22: 105. 1887 Common hemicarpha Scirpus micranthus Vahl, Enum. 2 : 254. 1806 S. minimus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 55. 1814. Not Vahl. S. snbsquarrosus Muhl. Gram. 39. 1817 H. snbsquarrosus Nees, in Mart. FI. Bras. 21 : 61. 1842 In moist sandy soil. Southeastern New York and inland at Oneida lake. Rare and local on Long Island and in Westchester county, Taylor. Shores of Oneida lake, Gray , Kneiskern (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 147. 1865) : House (Torreya 3: 165. 1903). DULICHIUM L. C. Richard; Pers. Syn. x: 65. 1805 Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 21: 29. 1894 Cyperus arundinaceus L. Sp. PI. 44. 1753 C. spathaceus L. Syst. ed. 12, 2: 735. 1767 D. spathaceum Pers., l.c. Scirpus spathaceus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 32. 1803 In wet places, marshes, swamps, bogs and shores of ponds and lakes. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State. CERATOSCHOENUS Nees, in Linnaea 9: 296. 1834 Lonchostylis Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3 : 370. 1836 1 Ceratoschoenus inundatus (Oakes) comb. nov. C. macrostachys, P, inundatus Oakes, in Hovey’s Mag. 7: 185. 1841 Rynchospora macrostachys var. inundata Fernald, Rhodora 8: 164. 1906 Rynchospora inundata Fernald, Rhodora 20: 138. 1918 In shallow water of ponds on southern and eastern Long Island. Rare. Perhaps only an aquatic form of the following species. 2 Ceratoschoenus macrostachys Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 369. 1836 Stout horned rush Rynchospora macrostachya Torrey ; A. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3 : 205. 1836 Marshy borders of ponds on Long Island and in Oswego county. Rare. Smithtown, Peck. Middle Island, House. Wading River, Miller (25th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 70. 1873). Lynbrook, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 170. 1915). Peat bo£ around Mud lake, q miles south* ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS i S3 west of Oswego, Wibbe (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 192. 1877 — 31st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 53. 1879) 1 Sheldon (state herbarium) This species is joined by Britton & Brown to the southern Ryn- chospora corniculata (Lam.) A. Gray ( Ceratoschoenus longirostris (Michx.) Torrey (Not Ceratoschoenus corniculatus Nees), which is not known to occur north of Delaware. RYNCHOSPORA Vahl. Enum. 2: 229. 1806 Phaeocephalum Ehrh. Beitr. 4: 146. 1789 (nomina usualia) Chaetospora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 229. 1815 T r i o d o n Rich, in Pers. Syn. 1 : 60, in nota. 1805 1 Rynchospora alba (L.) Vahl, l.c. 236 White beaked-rush Schoenus albus L. Sp. PI. 65. 1753 Mariscus albus Gilib. Exerc. Phyt. 2: 512. 1792 In bogs and marshes. Frequent or locally common throughout most sections of the State. The var. macra Clarke, local northward to eastern and central New York. 2 Rynchospora pallida M. A. Curtis, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 7: 409. 1849 Pale beaked-rush A southern species, discovered near Central Islip, in pine barrens, on Long Island by W. C. Ferguson. 3 Rynchospora capillacea Torrey, Comp. FI. 41. 1826 Capillary beaked-rush Schoenus setaceus Muhl. Gram. 6. 1817. Not Vahl. R. setacea MacM. Met. Minn. Valley 104. 1892 In marly bogs and on wet limestone rocks. Local or rare. Putnam county, Barratt; Penn Yan, Sartwell; Jefferson county, Gray; Oneida lake, Kneiskern (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 363. 1843), and to these Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 150. 1865) adds: Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell; Genesee river at Rochester and Bergen swamp, Genesee county, also a variety with 12 bristles at Hidden lake, southern Herkimer county and state marsh Litchfield, Herkimer county, Peck. Waverly, Tioga county, Fenno. Glens Falls, Burnham (Torreya 19: 129. 1919). Little York lake, Cort¬ land county, Dudley. Newton’s pond, Tompkins county, Dudley (Cayuga Flora no. 1886). Var. leviseta E. J. Hill (Am. Nat. 10: 370. 1876), occurs in Bergen swamp, Genesee county. 4 Rynchospora capitellata (Michx.) Vahl, Enum. 2: 235. 1806 Clustered beaked rush Schoenus capitellatus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 36. 1803 Rynchospora glomerata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 48. 1814. Not Schoenus glomeratus L. 154 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In moist soil. Locally abundant or rare. Frequent on Long Island and in and near the Hudson valley northward to Dutchess and Albany counties. Locally westward to Herkimer, Oneida and Os¬ wego counties. Narrowsburg, Sullivan county, Peck. Stockholm, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. 5 Rynchospora axillaris (Lam.) Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 15: 104. 1888 Capitate beaked rush Schoenus axillaris Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 137. 1791 R. cephalantha A. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 218. 1836 In sandy swamps. Rare in Suffolk county, Long Island. 6 Rynchospora fusca (L.) Ait. f. Hort. Kew. Ed. 2, 1: 127. 1810 Brownish beaked rush Schoenus fuscus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1664. 1763 In boggy or marshy places and on wet shores. Frequent or com¬ mon northward across the State and in central New York. Less common southward and rare on Long Island. Apparently not re¬ ported from the region between Long Island on the south and the Catskills and Dutchess county on the north. 7 Rynchospora gracilenta A. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 216. 1835 Very rare in pine-barren swamps. Reported from Putnam county (Doctor Barrett, fide Gray, l.c.) and from Long Island, but not recently collected in this State. Rynchospora Torreyana A. Gray, ranges from New Hampshire and Massachusetts southward in wet pine-barrens near the coast, but has not been definitely recorded for New York State. PSILOCARYA Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 359. 1836 Psilocarya nitens (Vahl) Wood, Bot. & Flor. 364. 1870 Short-beaked bald rush Scirpus nitens Vahl, Enum. 2: 272. 1806 Psilocarya rhynchosporoides Torrey, l.c. 361 Rynchospora nitens A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 468. 1867 Wet sandy shores and bogs. Rare. Known in this State only from near Wading River, Long Island. MARISCUS (Hall.) Zinn, Cat. Hort. Goett. 79. 1757 Mariscus mariscoides (Muhl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 775. 1891 Water bog rush Schoenus mariscoides Muhl. Gram. 4. 1817 Cladium mariscoides Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 372. 1836 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 155 In marshes, bogs and on wet shores. Locally abundant in the southeastern part of the State. Frequent or common in the Adi- rondacks and northern counties and locally across the State. Appar¬ ently absent from the region between Westchester county on the south and Rensselaer and Albany counties on the north, including the Catskills. Common through the coastal marshes, and at North pond, West¬ chester county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 172. 1915). Washington county, Burnham (Torreya 19: 129. 1919). Hidden lake, Litch¬ field ; Oriskany and common on borders of lakes and ponds in the north woods, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 150. 1865). Pond brook, Broome county, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 121. 1898). Mendon, Monroe county ; Bergen swamp, Genesee county and in Wayne county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 117. 1896). Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell, Baxter, House. Panther lake, Oswego county, House. Onondaga lake, Rust. Chase lake, Fulton county, A. Olsson. Numerous Adirondack records are omitted from the above. SCLERIA Berg. Kongl. Acad. Sv. Handl. 26: 142. pi. 4, 5. 1765 1 Scleria triglomerata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 168. 1803 Tall nut rush, whip grass In moist meadows and thickets. Oneida county, westward and on Staten Island. Plains of Rome, Kneiskern; Yates county, Sartzvell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 150. 1865). Mud pond, Wayne county, Killip (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 79. 1917). Near Rochester, Booth (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 117. 1896). Staten Island, Britton & Hollick (Torr. Club Bui. 12: 40. 1885). Var. gracilis Britton, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 3: 230. 1885, is reported from Staten Island. 2 Scleria reticularis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 167. 1803 Reticulated nut rush A coastal plain species, found in this State only on the south side of Long Island, and at Wading River, where rare and local. 3 Scleria setacea Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 7: 4. 1806 Torrey’s nut rush ■S', reticularis Muhl. Gram. 266. 1817. Not Michx. .9. laxa Torrey, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. 3: 376. 1836. Not R. Br. 1810 S. Torreyana Walp. Ann. 3: 696. 1852-53 S. Muhlenbergii Steud. Nom. ed. 2, 2: 543. 1841 S. reticularis var. pubesccns Britton, l.c. 232 In sandy, pine-barren swamps. Rare on the south side of Long Island, and at Ronkonkoma. 156 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 4 Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 318. 1805 Few-flowered nut rush 5". caroliniana Willd., l.c, S. Oakesiana Robbins ; Britton, l.c. 234 In dry soil. Seneca and Monroe counties and in Westchester county and on Long Island. Rare. Rockaway, Leggett (Torr. Club Bui. 5: 37. 1874). Hempstead Plains, Peck (46th Rep’t 50. 1893). Rare in Westchester county, Taylor. West Junius marshes, Seneca county, Wiegand (Torr. Club Bui. 21: 176. 1894). Greece, Monroe county, Bradley (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 369. 1843 — Paine, Cat. 150. 1865 — Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 1 17. 1896). HYPOPORUM Nees, Linnaea 9: 303. 1834 Hypoporum verticillatum (Muhl.) Nees, l.c. Low nut rush Scleria verticillata Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 317. 1805 In pine-barrens, damp sand, on wet rocks and in marly bogs. Locally abundant in the western part of the State and on Long Island. Penn Yan, Sartwell (Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 384. 1836). Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell; West Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Booth, Fish, Pickett (Clinton in 19th Rep’t Regents 79. 1866; Peck, 40th Rep’t State Mus. 74. 1887). Mendon ponds, Monroe county, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 1 1 7. 1896). Numerous recent collections have been made of this species in Bergen swamp, where it is common on the marly bog. CAREX L. Sp. PI. 972. 1753 The specimens of Carex in the state herbarium, numbering about 1500 sheets, were critically examined and determined in January, 1921, by Kenneth K. Mackenzie, and his determinations together with authentic published records form the basis for the enumeration of New York state species presented below. Index to species abacta, 167 abdita, 81 abscondita, 98 acuta, 146 adusta, 64 aenea, 64 aestivaliformis, 121 aestivalis, 122 alata, 60 albicans, 78 albolutescens, 61 albursina, 101 alopecoidea, 15 altocaulis, 93 anceps, 104 angustior, 39 annectens, 18 aquatilis, 148 arcta, 31 arctata, 125 ar is tat a, 159 Asa-grayi, 185 atherodes, 59 atlantica, 41 aurea, 88 Baileyi, 176 Barrattii, 139 Bebbii, 49 Bicknellii, 56 bicolor, 89 blanda, 102 brachyglossa, 19 brevior, 54 bromoides, 33 brunnescens, 30 bullata, 171 Bushii, 134 Buxbaumii, 140 canescens, 28 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 157 capillaris, 128 Careyana, 96 caroliniana, 133 caryophyllea, 72 castanea, 127 cephalantha, 38 cephaloidea, 13 cephalophora, 12 chordorrhiza, 2 Collinsii, 166 colorata, 92 communis, 73 comosa, 180 complanata, 132 concolor, 145 conjuncta, 16 conoidea, 114 contigua, 9 convoluta, 7 costellata, 131 Crawei, hi Crawfordii, 44 crinita, 150 cristata, 47 cristatellaj 47 cryptolepis, 163 cumulata, 59 Davisii, 120 decomposita, 23 deflexa, 79 delicatula. 36 Deweyana, 32 diandra, 21 digitalis, 99 disjuncta, 28 disperma, 26 durifolia, 68 eburnea, 87 echinata, 38 Emmonsii, 76 Emoryi, 149 exilis, 34 extensa, 161 festucacea, 53, 55. filiformis, 156 flava, 165 flexilis, 127 flexuosa. 124 foenea, 65 folliculata, 168 formosa, 119 Frankii, 183 glabra, 123 glaucoidea, 116 Goodenozmi, 146 gracillima, 117 granularis, no Index to species (continued) Greenei, 171 grisea, 115 gymnocrates, 1 gynandra, 151 Hassei, 89 Haydeni, 143 hirsutella, 132 hirta, 160 hirtifolia, 84 Hitchcockiana, 113 hormathodes, 57 Houghtonii, 157 Howei, 36 hystricina, 178 incomperta, 40 interior, 35 intumescens, 184 irregularis, 164 irrigua. 138 Jamesii, 67 Kneiskernii, 126 lacustris, 152 lagopodioides, 46 laevivaginata, 25 lanuginosa, 155. lasiocarpa, 156 laxiculmis, 100 laxiflora, 107 Leersii, 38 lenticularis, 147 lepidocarpa, 163 leporina, 63 leptalea, 69 leptonervia, 103 leucorum, 74 limosa, 137 livida, 90 Longii, 61 Jongirostris, 129 lupuliformis, 188 lupulina, 186 lurida, 175 Macounii, 187 magellanica, 138 Merritt-fernaldii, 55 Michauxiana, 167 milacca, 118 ntirabilis, 52 monile, 169 Muhlenbergii, 10 muricata, 9 neglecta, 8 nigromarginata, 80 normalis, 3 2 novae-angliae, 77 oblita, 123 Oederi, 163 oligocarpa, 112 oligosperma, 174 ormostachya, 108 pallescens, 135 pauciflora, 70 paupercula, 138 Peckii, 78 pedunculata, 85 pennsylvanica, 75 plana, 11 plantaginea, 95 platyphylla, 97 polymorpha, 94 polytrichoides, 69 prairea, 22 prasina, 118 projecta, 48 pseudocyperus, 179 pubescens, 84 radiata, 8 retroflexa, 5 retrorsa, 173 Richii, 58 Richardsonii, 86 riparia, 152 rosaeoides, 42 rosea, 6 rostrata, 170 rugosperma, 82 Sartwellii, 3 scabrata, 136 Schweintzii, 177 scirpoidea, 71 scirpoides, 35, 37 scoparia, 45 serosa, 4 2 setacea, 20 Shriveri, 109 siccata, 4 silacea, 62 sparganioides, 14 spicata, 9 Sprengelii, 129 squarrosa, 181 stellnlata, 37, 38 sterilis, 37, 41 stipata, 24 straminea, 50 striatula, 103 stricta, 141 strictior, 142 styloflexa, 106 suberecta, 59 subloliacea, 28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 158 substricta, 148 Sullivantii, 117 Swanii, 130 sychnocephala, 43 tenera, 51, 57 tentaculata, 175 tenuiflora, 29 tenuis, 124 tcretiuscula, 21 tetanica, 91 tonsa, 83 Index to species continued torta, 144 tribuloides, 46 triceps, 132 trichocarpa, 158 trisperma, 27 Tuckermani, 172 typhina, 182 umbellata, 81 utriculata, 170 vaginata, 93 varia, 76 vesicaria, 169 vestita, 154 vulpinoidea, 17 virescens, 131 viridula, 162 Walteriana, 153 Willdenowii, 66 Woodii, 92 xanthocarpa, 19 Vigneae (Beauv.) Koch. Arenariae I Carex gymnocrates Wormsk. ; Drejer, Rec. Crit. Car. 16. 1841 Northern bog sedge C. dioica Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 370. 1843. Not L., 1753 C. Redowskyana Fr. in Schmidt, Reisen in Amurl. 66. 1868 In bogs, northern Lewis county to Herkimer, Wayne and Genesee counties. Rare. Jordanville, Herkimer county, Peck (22 d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 104. 1869), including the var. substaminata Peck. Savannah, Wayne county, Sartwell; near Rochester, C. Dewey ; Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 1 5 1 . 1865; Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 122. 1896; Clinton in 19th Rep’t Regents 79. 1866). Bonaparte swamp, Lewis county, House. Chordorrhizeae 2 Carex chordorrhiza Ehrh. in L. f. Suppl. 414. 1781 Creeping sedge In sphagnum bogs and shallow water, northern and western parts of the State. Rare. East Lake George marsh, at Brayton, Warren county, Burnham (Torreya 19: 129. 1919). Hidden lake and Jerusalem marsh, Herkimer county; Oriskany swamp, Oneida county, Kneiskern; Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell; boggy margins of lakes in the north woods, frequent ; St Lawrence river near Ogdensburg, Crawe (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 151. 1865). Oneida county, Kneiskern, Gray (Torrev, FI. N. Y. 1843). Sodus Point and Mud pond, Wayne county, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 121. 1896). Moreau, Saratoga county, E. C. Hozve. Arenariae 3 Carex Sartwellii Dewey, Am. Jour. Soc. 43: 90. 1842 Sartwell’s sedge In swamps, Madison to Monroe county. Rare. Junius, Sartzvell. Rare, Monroe county, Booth, Baxter ; Wayne county, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 121. 1896). Men- ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 159 don, Monroe county, Baxter. Peterboro, Madison county, House 8903, June 21, 1922. 4 Carex siccata Dewey, Am. Jour. Soc. 10: 278. 1826 Dry-spiked sedge In dry fields, open woods and on hills. Local or rare across the State south of the Adirondacks, and south in the Hudson valley to Hastings. South to Hastings, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 186. 1915)- Bald mountain, Rensselaer county. Peck (22d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 104. 1869). Sandy woods west of Albany, House. Glenmont, Al¬ bany county, House. Narrowsburg, Sullivan county, Peck. Apala- chin, Tioga county, Fenno. Penfield, Monroe county, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 122. 1896). Bergen swamp, Genesee county, G. IV. Clinton (19th Rep’t Regents 79. 1866). Muhlenbegianae 5 Carex retroflexa Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 235. 1805 Reflexed sedge Infrequent or local across the State south of the Adirondacks. Not reported from the Catskills. Peaked mountain, Washington county, Burnham. Glenmont, Albany county, House. Dundee, Yates county, S. H. Wright. Roch¬ ester, Holzer. Cascadilla creek, South Hill and Renwick farm slope, Dudley (Cayuga FI. 111. 1886). Recorded without definite locality by Day (PI. Buffalo, 1883). Catskill, Greene Co., House. 6 Carex rosea Schk. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 237. 1805 C. rosea var. minor Boott, Ill. Car. 2: 81. pi. 224.. i860 C. rosea var. staminata Peck ; E. C. Howe, 48th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 132. 1895 In moist woods and thickets. Frequent or common across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks and Catskills, and apparentlv rare on the coastal plain of Long Island. 7 Carex convoluta Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui. 43: 428. 1916 C. rosea Boott, Ill. Car. 2: 81. pi. 223. i860 C. rosea var. pusilla Peck ; E. C. Howe, l.c. In woods and thickets. Frequent across the State outside of the Adirondacks, and north of the coastal district. Penn Yan, Sartzvell, 24. Taberg, Oneida county, Peck. Brown- ville, Jefferson county, Peck. Woodville, Jefferson county, House. Oswego, Sheldon. Canton, St Lawrence county, Phelps. Rochester, House. Liverpool, Onondaga county, House. Oneida, House. Portage, Peck. Pecksport and Peterboro, Madison county, House. Glenmont and Wemple, Albany county, House. Lake George, Kemp. Binghamton, Clute. Catskill, Greene county, House. Boonville, Oneida county, House. Perch lake, Jefferson county, House. i6o NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 8 Carex radiata (Wahl.) Small, FI. SE. U. S. 218. • 1903 Stellate sedge C. stellata var. radiata Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. (II) 24: 147. 1803 C. rosea radiata Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 10: 276. 1826 C. neglecta Tuckerm. Enum. Method. 19. 1843. Not Degl. 1807 In marshy or sphagnous places in woods or thickets. Infrequent across the State. Cascadeville, Essex county, Peck. Woodville, Jefferson county, House. Troy, Emmons. Sandlake, Peck. Glenmont, Albany county, House. Oneida county, Vasey. Hunter, Greene county, Britton. Preston, Chenango county, Coville. Tannersville, Vail. Morrisville, Madison county, House. 9 Carex spicata Huds. FI. Angl. 353. 1762 Lesser Prickly sedge C. contigua Hoppe, in Sturm, Deutschl. FI. Heft 61. 1835 C. muricata, of N. Y. Reports, Not L. Native of Europe and adventive or locally naturalized on Staten Island, about New York City and near Catskill, House. 10 Carex Muhlenbergii Schk. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4:231. 1805. Muhlenberg’s sedge In dry fields and on hills. Usually in sterile or sandy soil. Frequent or locally common across the State outside of the Adiron¬ dack region and the higher Catskills. Not reported from the north¬ ern tier of counties. This species is not included by Clute in Flora of the Upper Sus¬ quehanna, nor by Dudley in Cayuga Flora, although not rare across the State in the Ontario lowlands, from Oneida lake to Lake Erie. 11 Carex plana Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui. 50: 350. 1923 C. Muhlenbergii var. enervis Boott, Ill. Car. 124. 1862 In dry soil, usually in open 'woods, thickets or on hillsides. In¬ frequent southward in the State. Yonkers, Howe. Cold Spring and Port Jervis, Peck. Apalachin, Fenno. 12 Carex cephalophora Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 220. 1805 * Southern sedge In dry fields and on hills. Frequent across the State outside of the Adirondack and Catskill mountains. Infrequent in the Hudson * Carex gravida Bailey (Torr. Club Mem. 1: 5. 1889), a western species, appears on a sheet in the state herbarium, labeled C. ccphalaphora, Sullivan hill, Chemung county, T. F. Lucy, June 18, 1882. The specimen came from the Sheldon herbarium, and a confusion of labels and specimens doubtless has taken place. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS l6l valley. Common in the western and southern section of the State. Mount Defiance, southeastern corner of Essex county, appears to be the northern range of the species in the eastern part of the State. 13 Carex cephaloidea Dewey, Rep. PI. Mass. 262. 1849 Thin-leaved sedge In moist or rich woods and thickets. Infrequent across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks, south to Westchester county. Pine Plains, Dutchess county, and reported from Westchester county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 187. 1915). Banks of the Mohawk between Oriskany and Rome, Vasey; Penn Yan, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 15 1. 1865). Chemung county, Lucy (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 126. 1898). Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. Albany, House. Adams, Jefferson county, Peck. Lake Bonaparte, Lewis county, House. Canton and Potsdam, St Lawrence county, Phelps. Pecksport, Madison county, House. Fort Ann, Washington county, Burnham (Torreya 19: i3o. 1919). 14 Carex sparganioides Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 237. 1805 Bur-reed sedge In woods and thickets. Frequent or common across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks. Not reported from the Catskills, and rare on Long Island. 15 Carex alopecoidea Tuckerm. Enum. Meth. 18. 1843 Foxtail sedge In meadows and marshy places. Somewhat rare or local across the State south of the Adirondack region, from Rensselaer south to Dutchess county and westward to Lake Erie. Not reported from the Catskills. Lansingburg, H. C. Gordinier. Pine Plains, Hoysradt. Utica, Haberer. Penn Yan, Sartwell. Ludlowville, Tompkins county, H. B. Lord. Lyons, Wayne county, Peck. Near Ithaca, Freeville, Marl creek, West Junius and Ludlowville, Dudley, (Cayuga Flora hi. 1886). Peterboro, Madison county, House. Perch lake, Jefferson county, House. 16 Carex conjuncta Boott, Ill. Car. 3: 122. 1862 Soft foxtail sedge C. vulpina Carey, in Gray, Man. 541. 1848. Not L. 1753. In moist meadows and thickets. Rare and local. Mohawk flats at LTica and Little Falls, Haberer (state herbarium). 6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 162 Multiflorae 1 7 Carex vulpinoidea Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 169. 1803 Fox sedge In swamps and wet meadows. Common throughout the State. In the Adirondacks common to 2500 feet altitude, and rarely at higher elevations. A hybrid with C. comosa is reported by M. S. Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 80. 1917). 18 Carex annectens Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 35: 492. 1908 Yellow fox sedge C. vulpinoidea var. ambigua Barrett, in Boott, Ill. 3: 125. pi. 406. 1862; Suppl. N. Am. Carices No. 62. 1841 C. sctacea var. ambigua Fernald, Rhodora 8: 167. 1906 C. xanthocarpa annectens Bicknell, Torr. Club. Bui. 23: 23. 1896 In rather dry soil of fields, meadows, and open woods. Frequent or locally abundant southward across the State. In typical C. annectens, the inflorescence is greenish-stramineous, becoming deep brown in age, oval-oblong or more generally linear- oblong; perigynia 2.6-3. 2 mm long, almost always nerved on the outer face, beak rather prominent, broad, serrulate, usually plainly notched. Chiefly coastal in distribution, extending less frequently inland to central New York. 19 Carex brachyglossa Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui. 50: 355. 1923 C. xanthocarpa Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 23: 22. 1896. Not Degland in Loisleur, FI. Gall. 2: 299. 1807 C. vulpinoidea var. xanthocarpa Kukenthal, Pfianzenreich IV20: 148. 1909 C. annectens var. xanthocarpa Wiegand, Rhodora 24: 74. 1922 Inflorescence gold-brown, averaging shorter and thicker ; spikes less echinate because of the shorter beaks ; perigynia smaller, 2. 2-2.6 mm long, the wall thicker and essentially nerveless ; beak very short, narrower, usually less serrulate and more obscurely notched than in C. annectens. Frequent northward and westward in the State. 20 Carex setacea Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 9: 61. 1825 Bristly-spiked sedge In upland marshes. Rare and local. Flidden lake, Litchfield, Herkimer county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 152. 1865). Penn Yan, Sartwell. Riverdale, New York City and Locust Valley, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 188. 1915). Paniculatae 21 Carex diandra Schrank, in Acta Acad. Mogunt. 49. 1782 Lesser panicled sedge C. teretiuscula Gooden. Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 163. pi. 19. 1794 In swamps, marshes and wet meadows. Frequent or common across the State northward. Less common southward to Dutchess ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 163 county and reported neither from the Catskills nor from the range of Clute’s “ Flora of the Upper Susquehanna.” Holm (Canadian Field Nat. 33: 73. 1919) states that the original of C. diandra Schrank is a mixture with C. paradoxa Willd. and C. paniculata , and that the name C. teretiuscula Gooden, is to be preferred. 22 Carex prairea Dewey, in Wood’s Classbook 578. 1855 Prairie sedge C. teretiuscula var. ramosa Boott, Ill. Car. 145. 1867 C. teretiuscula var. prairea Britton, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. x: 344. 1896 C. diandra var. ramosa Fernald Rhodora 10: 48. 1908 In bogs and wet meadows. Infrequent or locally common across the State northward, southward to Dutchess and Tompkins counties. Not reported from the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. 23 Carex decomposita Muhl. Gram. 254. 1817 Large-panicled sedge In swamps, central and western part of the State. Rare. Oriskany (in state herbarium). Junius, Seneca county and Penn Yan, Yates county, SartweU. Livingston county, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 12 1. 1896). Stenorhynchae 24 Carex stipata Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 233. 1805 Awl-fruited sedge In swamps and wet meadows. Common. The varieties, crassicurta and subsccuta, described by Peck, are partly this species and partly referable to the next species. 25 Carex laevivaginata (Kiiken.) Mackenzie, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 1 : 371. 1913 C. stipata var. laevivaginata Kiiken. in Engler Pflanzenreich IV20: 330. 1909 In low meadows and marshy places. Infrequent from Jefferson county and central New York, southward and westward. Pierrepont Manor, Jefferson county, Peck. Cedarville, Herkimer county, Peck. Verona, Oneida county, Peck. Oneida and Peterboro, Madison county, PIousc. Penn Yan, Sartzvell (Car. Am. Sept. No. 18). 26 Carex disperma Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 8: 266. 1824 Soft-leaved sedge C. tenella Schk. Riedge. 23. /. 104. 1801. Not Thuill. 1799 164 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In bogs and cold wet mossy woods. Common across the northern part of the State. Less frequent or local southward to Dutchess, Ulster, Broome and Tioga counties and westward across the State. Canescentes 27 Carex trisperma Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 9 : 63. 1825 Three-fruited sedge In mossy woods and bogs. Common across the northern part of the State and south to Rensselaer county and central New York. Less common and often local farther southward to Putnam and Sullivan counties and the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. Frequent in the swamps of the Ontario lowlands but less common in the western part of the State. Var. Billingsii Knight, Rhodora 8: 185. 1906. Rare but widely distributed. Lisbon and Canton, St Lawrence county, Phelps. Mendon, Monroe county, House. Highland lake, Sullivan county, Peck. 28 Carex canescens L. Sp. PI. 974. 1753 Silvery or hoary sedge In bogs, swamps and marshes, throughout the State. Frequent or common. Rather variable. Var. subloliaceae Laestad. Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Ups. 11: 282. 11839 (U. subloliaceae Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 35: 496. 1908). In swamps and on mountains, frequent northward but rare in the southern part of the State. Var. disjuncta Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 37 : 488. 1902. ( C. disjuncta Bicknell, l.c. 495). In marshes and swamps, common on Long Island and frequent northward and westward in the State. Both of these varieties, in their typical forms, are well marked, hut intermediate forms are not infrequent, and they depart so slightly from the general characters of the species that they can not be regarded as more than varieties. 29 Carex tenuiflora Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Acad. Plandl. (II) 24: 147. 1803 Sparse-flowered sedge In bogs and wet mossy woods. Rare and local. Formerly in Oriskany swamp, Oneida county, Kneiskern June 8, 1840 (Sartwell herbarium). Swamp west of Fort Bull, Rome. J. A. Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 552. 1865). Ogdensburg, Crawe (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 381. 1843). East Lake George marsh, at Brayton, Warren county, Burnham. Hartford, Washington county, E. C. Hozve. Newcomb, Essex county. House. Bonaparte, swamp, Lewis county, House. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 165 30 Carex brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 3: 286. 1813 Brownish sedge C. curta var. brunnescens Pers. Syn. 2 : 539. 1807 C. canescens var. vulgaris Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13: 86. 1888 In wet or dry rocky places. Frequent throughout the Adirondack region and the northern counties of the State. Less frequent, local or rare westward in the State to Oswego county, Sheldon; Ontario county, Baxter; and south to Dutchess, Greene, Wyoming, Cat¬ taraugus, Peck, and Tioga counties, Fenno. 31 Carex arcta Boott, Ill. Car. 155. pi. 497. 1867 Northern clustered sedge In swamps and wet woods. Probably occurs rarely in the north¬ ern part of the State, having been reported from low woods near outlet of Lake Champlain by Pringle; Adirondack Mountains, (Fer- nald, Proc. Am. Acad. 37 : 486. 1902) bu,t there are no collections of it in the state herbarium from this State. Deweyanae 32 Carex Deweyana Schw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1 : 65. 1824 Dewey’s sedge In moist or dry woods. Frequent across the northern part of the State. Less abundant or local southward to Ulster and Greene counties and westward to Tioga county and Lake Erie. 33 Carex bromoides Schk. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 258. 1805 Broome-like sedge In dry or moist woods. Frequent across the State outside of the Adirondack region. Occurs at Bonaparte swamp in northern Lewis county, but has not otherwise been reported from the Adirondack region. Not reported from the Catskills. S t e 1 1 u 1 a t a e 34 Carex exilis Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 14: 351. 1828 Coast sedge In bogs and marshes. Frequent throughout the Adirondack region and the northern counties. Local or rare westward to Wayne county, and on Long Island and in Orange county. Sag Plarbor, Kneiskern (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 371. 1843). Woodmere, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 190. 1915). Suffolk county, Miller, Young. Southfield, Orange county, Peck. Essex county, Torrey (l.c). Lewis county, Gilbert (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 363. 1879). East Lake George marsh, Burnham. Onje- bonge pond, Lewis county, House. Lily marsh and Mud lake, NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 1 66 Oswego county, House. Zurich, Wayne county, House ; Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 122. 1896). Kasoag, Oswego county, Peck. Third lake, Herkimer county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 1 5 1 . 1865). Fifth lake, Hamilton county, House. Newcomb, House. Fine, St Lawrence county, Phelps. 35 Carex interior Bailey, Torr. Club Bui. 20:426. 1893 Inland sedge C. stellulata var. scirpoides Boott, Ill. pi. 146**. 1858 C. scirpoides Robinson & Fernald; Gray’s Man. ed. 7, 223. 1908 In damp or wet soil, often in and about the borders of bogs and woodland swamps. Common northward across the State and reported southward to Dutchess county. Locally abundant west¬ ward. 36 Carex Howei Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui. 37: 245. 1910 Howe’s sedge C. interior var. capillacea Bailey, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 426. 1893 C. delicatula Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 35: 495. 1908. Not C. B. Clarke C. scirpoides var. capillacea Fernald Rhodora 10: 47. 1908 In wet soil. Abundant in the pine-barrens of Long Island and elsewhere, usually in white cedar, larch or spruce bogs northward, where it is rare. Islip, Peck. Wading River, E. S. Miller. North Greenbush, Rensselaer county. Peck. Clayville and New London, Oneida county, House. Mud pond, Zurich, Wayne county, House. Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. Lily marsh, Oswego county, House. 37 Carex sterilis Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 208. 1805 C. scirpoides Schk. Riedgr. Nachtr 19. /. 180. 1806 C. stellulata vars. scirpoides and sterilis Carey, in Gray’s Man. 544. 1848 C. echinata var. microstacliys Boeckl. Flora 544. 1875 C. stellulata Robinson & Fernald in Gray’s Man. Ed. 7, 222. 1908 In wet, usually open woods and marshy places. Infrequent but widely distributed across the State. Utica, A. Gray. Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Mendon, Monroe county, House. Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Peck; House. 38 Carex cephalantha (Bailey) Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 35: 493- 1908 Little prickly sedge C. echinata var. cephalantha Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1: 58. 1889 C. sterilis var. cephalantha Bailey, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 425. 1893 C. stellulata var. cephalantha Fernald, ;Rhodora 4: 222. 1902 C. echinata (Murray, Prodr. FI. Goth. 76. 1770) ; Britten, Jour. Bot. 45: 163. 1907; Briq. Prodr. FI. Corse 1: 199. 1910 In moist soil of woods, marshes and swamps. Common across the northern part of the State and in central New York. Less fre¬ quent southward to Long Island and westward to Lake Erie. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS It>7 In recent floras this species has been variously referred to C. stellulata Good. (Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 144. 1794), to C. Leersii Willd. (Prodr. FI. Berol. 28. 1787) and to C. echinata Murray, 39 Carex angustior Mackenzie ; Rydberg, Rocky Mt. FI. 124. 1917 Northern prickly sedge C. stellulata var. angustata Carey, in Gray’s Man. 544. 1848 C. echinata var. angustata Bailey, Carex Cat. 1884 C. sterilis var. angustata Bailey, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 425. 1893 Common throughout the Adirondack region and locally southward to Rensselaer and Albany counties, westward to central New York. Perhaps of wider distribution. 40 Carex incomperta Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 35: 494. 1909 Prickly bog sedge In boggy places. Frequent across the State south of the Adiron¬ dack region, and on Long Island. WHding river, Miller. Hempstead, House. Averill Park, Rensselaer county, House. Kasoag and Hannibal, Oswego county, House. Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. Penn Yan, Sartzvell. Bergen swamp, Genesee county, G. W. Clinton. What appears to be a possible hybrid between this and C. i n t e r i o r, has been collected at Colosse, Oswego county, and reported and distributed asC. scirpoides var. J o s s e 1 y n i i Fernald, which, according to Mackenzie, it is not. 41 Carex atlantica Bailey, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 425. 1893 Eastern sedge C. stellulata var. conferta Chapm. FI. So. U. S. 534. i860 C. echinata var. conferta Bailey, Carex Cat. 1884; Torr. Club Mem. 1: 58. 1889 C. sterilis Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 37. 1902; Gray’s Man. ed. 7, 223. 1908 In swamps and marshy woods. Frequent on Long Island. Has been reported inland, especially from the Adirondack region, but erroneously. 42 Carex rosaeoides E. C. Howe ; Gordinier & Howe, FI. Rensselaer Co. 33. 1894 Weak stellate sedge C. seorsa E. C. Howe, l.c. 39 In swampy woodlands. Infrequent across the State south of the Adirondacks. Long Island, Staten Island, the Bronx and in WYstchester county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 191. 1915)- Lansingburg, Hozve. Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. North Syracuse, Onondaga county, House. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 1 68 O v a 1 e s 43 Carex sychnocephala Carey, Am. Jour. Sci. (II) 4: 24. 1847 Dense long-beaked sedge In low meadows and thickets. Rare. Borders of woods, roadsides between Watertown and Adams, Jefferson county, Kneiskern and Vascy; Watertown, Crawe, Dewey ; Little Falls, Herkimer county, Vascy, (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 153- 1865). Annsville, Oneida county, Sarfavell. Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. 44 Carex Crawfordii Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 37 : 469. 1902 Crawford’s sedge C. scoparia var. minor Boott, Ill. Car. 3: 116. pi. 36g. 1862 Open (daces or rarely in woods. Common throughout the Adiron¬ dack region (4000 feet altitude on Mount Marcy, House ) and the northern counties, and less common or rare southward to Rensselaer and Tioga counties. Distribution westward in the State imperfectly known. 45 Carex scoparia Schk. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 230. 1805 Pointed broom sedge In moist soil, sometimes in dry open places or even in woods. Common throughout the State. Two well marked varieties are described, both widely distributed in the State : Var. monili¬ formis Tuckerm. Enum. Meth. 8, 17. 1843 and Var. condensa Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 37: 470. 1902. 46 Carex tribuloides Wahl. Knogl. Vet. Akad. Handl. (II) 24: 145. 1803 Blunt broom sedge C. lagopodioulcs Sclik. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 230. 1805 in wet meadows, swales and low woods. Common throughout most sections of the State. The var. turbata Bailey (Torr. Club Mem. 1: 55. 1889), occurs in St Lawrence county and rarely else¬ where. 47 Carex cristatella Britton, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 1: 357. 1896 Crested sedge C. cristata Schw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 66. 1824. Not dairy. 1811 C. tribuloides var. cristata Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1 : 55. 1889 In meadows and thickets. Frequent across the State from Rensselaer county to St Lawrence county and Lake Erie. Not reported from the Adirondack mountains, from the Catskill mountains or the range of Clute’s Flora of the Upper Susquehanna. Infrequent southward in the Hudson valley to Bronx county. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 169 48 Carex projecta Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui. 35: 264. 1908 Necklace sedge C. tribuloides moniliformis Britton, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 1: 356. 1896 C. tribuloides var. reducta Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 148. 1886 Frequent or common across the northern part of the State and in central New York. Less common southward to Long Island and Westward to Monroe and Wyoming counties. Doubtless more widely distributed but not common in the southern tier of counties and in western New York. 49 Carex Bebbii Olney ; Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 379. 1885 Bebb’s sedge C. tribuloides var. Bebbii Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1: 55. 1889 In low grounds, frequent or locally abundant across the State. Rare on Long Island and uncommon in the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. 50 Carex straminea Willd. ; Schk. Riedgr. 49. pi. 34. 1891 Straw sedge In open woods, meadows or on dry banks. Infrequent or local in southern New York. Northville, L. I. ( E . S. Miller). Yonkers, Bicknell. 51 Carex tenera Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 8: 97. 1824; 9: pi. c. f. 9. 1825 Slender straw sedge C. festucacca var. tenera Carey ; A. Gray, Man. 545. 1848 C. straminea var. tenera Boott, Ill. Car. 3: 120. pi. 384. 1862 In woods and thickets. Frequent or locally abundant across the State outside of the higher Adirondack mountains, westward to Genesee county and south in the Hudson valley to Dutchess and Ulster counties. 52 Carex normalis Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui. 37: 244. 1910 Larger straw sedge C. mirabilis Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 30: 63. pi. Bb. f. 92. 1836. Not Host, , 1809 C. straminea var. mirabilis Tuckerm., Enum. Meth. 18. 1843 On banks, in open woods and thickets. Frequent or common across the State. Not reported however from the Adirondack region nor from the northern counties in general. Less frequent southward and rare on Long Island. The Var. perlonga (Fernald) Burnham, and Var. tincta (Fernald) House (C. mirabilis var. tindta NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM I/O Ferald), are both infrequent or occasional, but are not markedly distinct from the typical species. 53 Carex festucacea Schk. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 242. 1805 Southern fescue sedge In dry, moist or rocky soil. Infrequent or rare in the southern part of the State and westward in the counties bordering on Pennsyl¬ vania. Apalachin, Tioga county, Fcnno. Penn Yan, Sartu’cll (herb. N'. Y. Bot. Garden). 54 Carex brevior (Dewey) Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui. 42: 605. 1915 Common fescue sedge C. straminca var. brevior Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 11: 158. 1826 C. fcstucacca var. brevior Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 37: 477. pi. 3. f. 49-51. 1902. In dry, moist or rocky soil of open woods, banks and thickets. Frequent or common across the State and probably of wider dis¬ tribution than indicated below. Warrensburg, Warren county, Peck. Hudson Falls, Washington county, Burnham. Mount Merino, Columbia county, Peck. Port Jervis, Peck. Fishkill mountains, Peck. Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartzccll. Brownville, Jefferson county, House. 55 Carex Merritt-Fernaldii Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui. 49: 370. 1923 Stout fescue sedge C. fcstucacca Robinson & Fernald; Gray’s Man. ed. 7, 220, 1908 C. brevior var. pscudofcstticarca Farwell, Papers Mich. Acad. Sci. 2: iS. 1922 Moist thickets and open woods. Infreqent across the State. Middle Grove, Saratoga county, Peck. East Galway, Saratoga county, E. A. Burt. West Fort Ann, Washington county, Burnham. 56 Carex Bicknellii Britton, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 1: 360. 1896 Bicknell’s sedge C. straminca var. Craivci Boott, Ill. Car. 3: 121. pi. 388. 1S62 In dry or rocky soil. Local or infrequent. Westchester and Dutchess counties and in the Bronx, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 193. 1915). Little Stissing mountain, Dutchess county, Peck. Ludlowville, Tompkins county, H. B. Lord. Glenmont, Albany county, House. 57 Carex hormathodes Fernald, Rhodora 8: 165. 1906 Marsh straw sedge C. straminca var. invisa Boott, Bot Gaz. 9: 86. 1884 C. tenera Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 1, 1896. Not Dewey In wet soil, chiefly near the coast, on Long Island and on Staten Island and in the Bronx. Infrequent. Islip, Peck. Long Beach, House. Montauk Point, Peck. Manor- ville, Peck. Suffolk county, H. IV. Young. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 171 58 Carex Richii (Fernald) Mackenzie, l.c. 362 Rich’s sedge Carex tenera var. Richii Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 27: 475. 1902 C. hormalhodcs var. Richii Fernald, Rhodora 8: 165. 1906 In marshes and low ground, chiefly near the coast from Massa¬ chusetts to New Jersey and southward. Probably occurs on Long Island, but has not been definitely reported from there. Sartwell’s Car. Am. Sept. No. 44, labelled as collected at Penn Yan, is this species. His No. 76, is C. hormathodes in part and is labelled as having been received from Olney (Rhode Island). It is possible that his No. 44, at least the specimen in the state herbarium, is incorrectly labelled, or that the material was mixed in the distribu¬ tion. 59 Carex cumulata (Bailey) Mackenzie, l.c. 366 C. stranimea var. cumulata Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1: 23. 1889 C. suberecta of N. Y. Reports, not (Olney) Britton In moist soil. Rare. Karner, Albany county, House; and Whites- town, Oneida county, Haberer. Pine Plains, Dutchess county ( Taylor , l.c.). 60 Carex alata Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 396. 1836 Broad-winged sedge In moist soil. Rare but rather widely distributed across the State south of the Adirondack region. Morristown, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Paddy lake, Oswego county, Sheldon. Baklwinsville, Onondaga county, House. Junius, Seneca county, S. H. Wright. East Lake George marsh, at Brayton, Warren county, Burnham. Riverhead and Montauk Point, Long Island, Peck. Rare on Long Island, reported from Bronx and Westchester counties, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 193. 1915)- Colosse, Oswego county, House. 61 Carex Longii Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui. 49: 373. 1923 Greenish-white sedge C. albolutcscens N. Y. Reports, not Sclnv. In wet soil, chiefly along the coast. Rarely inland. Common throughout the coastal plain of Long Island. Riverhead and Montauk Point, Peck. Long Beach, House. 62 Carex silacea Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 7 : 393. 1868 Sea-beach sedge C. straminea var. moniliformis Tuckerm. Enum. Meth. 17. 1843 C. foenea var. sabulorum A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 580. 1867 Frequent or common in the coastal sands of Long Island and Staten Island. 172 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 63 Carex leporina L. Sp. PL 973. 1753 Hare’s-foot sedge In dry places. Native of Europe and reported as adventive or naturalized in southern New York. 64 Carex aenea Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 22 : 480. 1902 Fernald’s hay sedge C. foenea var. sparsiflora E. C. Howe, 48th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 44. 1895 In dry places in open woods, thickets and on banks. Infrequent or rare across the northern part of the State and south to Herkimer and Albany counties. Whitehall, Washington county, Peck. North Elba, Peck. New¬ comb, Essex county, House. Pierrepont Manor, Jefferson county, Peck. Cedarville, Herkimer county, Peck. Helderberg mountains, Peck. Carex adusta Boott, has been reported from this State by Kiikenthal (Engler’s Pflauzenreich IV22: 204. 1909), and may be looked for in the northern part. 65 Carex foenea Willd. Enum. 957. 1809 Hay sedge C. argyrantha Tuckerm. ; Wood, Classbook, 753. i860 In dry woods and thickets and on banks. Infrequent across the State south of the Adirondack mountains. Westchester, Rockland, Dutchess and Delaware counties, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 194. 1915). Highland lake, Sullivan county, Peck. Stissing mountain, Dutchess county, Peck. Vaughns, Washington county, Burnham. Sandlake, Rensselaer county, Peck. Little Falls, House. Cooperstown Junction, Peck. South Trenton, Oneida county, Paine (Cat. 152. 1865). Summit Park, Oneida county, Haberer. Commonly merging into a stouter form described as Var. perplexa Bailey (Torr. Club Mem. x: 27. 1889). E u c a r e x Griseb Phyllostachyae 66 Carex Willdenowii Schk. ; Willd. Sp. 4: 21 1. 1805 Willdenow’s sedge In dry woods and thickets. Rare or local across the State. Haverstraw, Austin (Torr. Club Bui, 6: 9. 1875). Pine Plains, Dutchess county and Bronx Park, Bickncll (Taylor, FI. Vic. N. Y. 194. 1915). Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Watertown, Jefferson county, Crawe, Gray, Kneiskern (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 154. 1865). Western New York, Vasey. Not uncommon, Dudley (Cayuga Flora, no. 1886). 67 Carex Jamesii Schw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1 : 67. 1824 James’s sedge C. Steudelii Kunth, Enum. 2: 480. 1837 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 173 In dry woods and thickets. Jefferson county southward and westward. Rare. Watertown, Wood, Dewey (Paine, Cat. 154. 1865). Near Ithaca, Dudley (36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 40. 1884). Wayne county, Hankcnson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 121. 1896). 68 Carex durifolia Bailey, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 372. 1893 Back’s sedge C. Backii Boott ; Hook, FI. Bor. Am. 2: 210. pi. 209. 1840. Not C. Backana, Dewey, 1836 In woods and thickets, St Lawrence and Jefferson counties. Rare. Island in Perch lake, Crawe, Dewey; Watertown, Kneiskern; Dexter, Vasey (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co., 134. 1865). Jefferson county, Wood (Sartwell Car. Am. Sept. 9). Gouverneur, St Law¬ rence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. 69 Carex leptalea Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. (II) 24: 139. 1803 Bristle-stalked sedge C. polytrichoides Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 213. 1805 C. microstachya Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 169. 1803 In bogs and swamps. Common throughout the State except on Long Island and Staten Island, where it is rare or local. Pauciflorae 70 Carex pauciflora Lightfl. FI. Scot. 543. pi. 6. 1777 Few-flowered sedge C. leucoglochin Ehrh. ; Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 154. 1865 Caricinella pauciflora St Lager, in Cariot, Etud. des Fleurs, ed. 8, 2: 881. 1889 In sphagnum bogs. Frequent or common across the northern part of the State and throughout the Adirondack region. Less fre¬ quent or rare south to Rensselaer and Delaware Counties, west to Tompkins and Wayne counties. 71 Carex scirpoidea Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 171. 1803 Scirpus-like sedge Alpine summits of the highest Adriondacks. Rare. Summit of Mount Marcy, Peck (27th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 1 13. 1877). Wallface mountain, Peck (52d Rep’t 654. 1899). Whiteface mountain and Avalanche lake, Peck. Mount Marcy, Killip. (See also : 54th Rep’t 161. 1901. Bui. N. Y. State Mus. 28: 143. 1899). 72 Carex caryophyllea Latourrette, Chlor. Lugdun, 27. 1785 Vernal sedge Native of Europe. Established at Riverside, New York City, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 194. 1915). 174 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Montanae 73 Carex communis Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. i : 41. 1889 Fibrous-rooted sedge C. varia var. pedicellata Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. n: 163. 1826 C. pedicellata Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 87. 1894 In dry soil, usually in open woods. Common or frequent across the northern part of the State and in central New York. Occurs in the Adirondacks on mountain summits and ridges up to 3500 feet altitude. Less common westward and southward in the State and apparently absent from the coastal plain of Long Island. 74 Carex leucorum Willd. Enurn. Hort. Berol. Suppl. 63. 1813 C. pcnnsylvanica var. distans Peck, 46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 51. 1893 C. pcnnsylvanica var. scparans Peck; Howe in 48th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 174 (Bot. ed. 75). 1895 C. pennsylvanica var. lucorum Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 37: 505. 1902 In dry, usually sandy soil. Frequent and widely distributed across the State outside of the Adirondack region. Gloversville, A. Olsson. New London, Oneida county, House. Rome, Haberer. Lerayville, Jefferson county, Peck. Junius, Seneca county, Peck. Palmer’s glen, Rochester, House. Coopers- town Junction, Peck. 75 Carex pennsylvanica Lam. Encycl. 3: 388. 1789 Pennsylvania sedge In dry, usually sandy or rocky soil. Common throughout most sections of the State, but rather rare or local in the northern counties and the northern Adirondack region. Rather variable. Var. gracilifolia Peck; E. C. Howe in 48th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 174. 1895 (var. angustifolia Peck, 46th Rep’t 51. 1893), is frequent on Long Island. Forma bracteata Peck (46th Rep’t 51. 1893), is described from Karner, Albany county. A hybrid between C. pennsylvanica and C. umbellata has been col¬ lected in Westchester county bv E. C. Howe. Var. glumabunda Peck, 48th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 174. 1895 There are certain characters which indicate that this may be a hybrid between C. pennsylvanica and C. tonsa. Represented in the state herbarium by 3 collections, all from Islip, Long Island, made by Doctor Peck. 76 Carex varia Muhl. ; Wahl. Kongl. Vt. Acad. Handl. (11) 24; 159. 1803 Emmons’s sedge C. alpestris Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 7: 268. 1824; Schw. & Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1 : 341. 1825. Not Allioni C. Davisii Dewey, Car. No. 279. 1826. Not Schw. & Torr. C. Emmonsii Dewey; Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 41 1. 1836 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 175 On banks and in open and rather dry woods. Common across the State from Lake Champlain to Lake Ontario, Lake Erie and south¬ ward outside of the Adirondacks. Frequent on exposed summits and ridges, but not reported f rom northern counties. According to Bicknell (Torr. Club Bui. 35: 489-491. 1908), the name C. Emmonsii should be restricted in use to the southern form of this species, common especially on the coastal plain of Long Island, and which he regards as distinct from the more northern C. varia. 77 Carex novae-angliae Schw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1 : 67. 1824 New England sedge Open woods and exposed ridges and banks. Frequent across the northern part of the State, south to Dutchess county and the Catskill mountains and westward to Herkimer and Lewis counties. Mount Marcy, Dewey ; Essex county, Kneiskern; Lake Sanford, Kneiskern (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 155. 1865). East Wind¬ ham in the Catskills and Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 195. 1915). Grafton, Sandlake and North Greenbush, Rensselaer county, Peck. North Elba, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 154. 1899). Atwell, Herkimer county, Haberer (Rhodora 7: 107. 1905). Summit of Bald mountain, Herkimer county, House. Summit of Black Bear mountain, Inlet, Hamilton county, House. Summit of Vandewracker mountain, 3000 feet altitude, Essex county, House. Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. 78 Carex Peckii E. C. Howe, 47th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 40. 1894; 48th Rep’t 177. 1895. Peck’s sedge C. Emmonsii var. elliptica Boott, Ill. Car. pi. 287 ; Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co., !5S- . 1865 C. albicans of N. Y. Reports, Not Willd. Open woods and banks. Infrequent across the northern part of the State, southward to the Heklerberg mountains of Albany county and westward to Monroe county. Brownville, Jefferson county, Peck. Norfolk and DeKalb, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. Warrensburg, Warren county, Peck. Elizabethtown, Essex county. Peck. Lake Bonaparte, Lewis county, blouse. Helderberg mountains, Albany county, Peck. North Bay, Oneida county, House. Trenton Falls, Oneida county, Hebercr Yates and Monroe counties, Dewey (according to Boott and Paine, l.c. ) . Newcomb, House. 79 Carex deflexa Hornem. Plantel. ed. 3, 1: 938. 1821 Northern sedge In open places, chiefly at rather high altitudes in the northern part of the State. Rare. North Elba, Peck. Whiteface mountain, Peck. Lake Placid, 176 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Peck. Mud pond and Notch road, North Elba, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 143. 1899). Wells, Hamilton county, Peck. Summit of Black Bear mountain, Inlet, Hamilton county, House. Summit of Bald mountain, Herkimer county, House. Canton and Norfolk, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Newcomb, Essex county, House. 80 Carex nigromarginata Schw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1 : 68. 1824 Dry soil on Long Island. Rare. Collected by Leggett at Baby¬ lon, L. Isl., according to Mackenzie (Torr. Club Bui. 40: 535 1913) 81 Carex umbellata Schk. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 290. 1805 Umbellate sedge C. umbellata var. brevirostris Boott ; Ill. Car. 2: 99. pi. 294. i860 C. abdita Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 35: 492. 1908 In dry, usually sandy or rocky soil. Infrequent and range im¬ perfectly known. Vaughns, Washington county, Burnham. Rome, Oneida county, Habcrer. Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartwell (Car. Am. Sept. 104). Whitesboro, Oneida county, Habcrer. Yonkers, E. C. Howe. Spar- row'bush, Orange county, Britton. Richmond Hill and Jamaica, Long Island, Bicknell. Glenmont, Albany county, House. North Creek, Warren county House. 82 Carex rugosperma Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui 42: 621. 1915 C. umbellata var. vicina Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 10: pi. D, fig. 13. 1826; 11: 317. 1826 C. umbellata Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 1: 394. 1913 In dry soil, usually in sandy or rocky places. Common across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks and Catskills. Vaughns, Washington county, Burnham. Northampton, Fulton county, House. North Bay, Oneida county, House. Glenmont, Albany county, House. West Albany, Peck. Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. Little Falls, A. Gray. Whitesboro, Oneida county, Habcrer. Yonkers, Howe. Highlands of the Hudson, Torrey (according to Mackenzie). 83 Carex tonsa (Fernald) Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 35: 492. 1908 Deep-green sedge C. umbellata var. tonsa Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 37: 507. 1902 In dry, usually sandy soil, or sometimes in thin soil on rocky ledges. On Long Island, and from Albany county westward to the Ontario lowlands. Wading river, E. S. Miller. Valley Stream and Woodmere, Long Island, Bicknell. Little Falls, House. New London, Oneida county, House. East Rochester, Monroe county, Baxter. West Albany, Peck, House. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 177 Triquetrae 84 Carex hirtifolia Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui. 37: 244. 1910 Pubescent sedge C. pubescens Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 281. 1805. Not Poir. 1789 In woods and thickets. Frequent or local across the State outside of the Adirondack region. Greenbush, Rensselaer county, Peck. Utica, Haberer. Whites- boro ; Oriskany, Kneiskern; Watertown, Gray (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 156. 1865). Long Island, Bronx, Westchester and Dutchess counties, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 196. 1915)- Barton, Tioga county, Fenno (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 125. 1898). Penn Yan, Sartwell. Corrollton, Cattaraugus county, Peck. Wayne county, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 121. 1896). Wemple, Albany county, House. Pedunculatae 85 Carex pedunculata Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 222. 1805 Long-stalked sedge In dry or moist woods and on banks. Common across the State southward to Dutchess and Greene counties and westward. Reported from Westchester county. D i g i t a t a e 86 Carex Richardsonii R. Br., Frankl. Jour. 751. 1823 Richardson’s sedge In dry soil. The only record for this State rests upon a collection made at Parma, Monroe county, many years ago by Bradley (Paine, Cat. 16 1 . 1865; Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 120. 1896). Not re¬ cently collected. The specimen from Bradley in state herbarium is labelled “ Greece, Monroe county.” 87 Carex eburnea Boott; Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 116. pi. 225. 1840 Bristle-leaved sedge C. alba Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 7: 266. 1824. Not Scop. C. alba var. setifolia Dewey, l.c. n: 316. 1826 C. paupercula Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 415. 1836. Not Michx. C. vaginata var. altocaulis Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. (II) 41: 227. 1866 In dry sandy or rocky soil, preferring limestone ledges, but some¬ times in swamps. Infrequent or local across the State, outside of the higher Adirondack region, south in the Hudson valley to Dutchess county, and formerly on Manhattan Island. Not reported by Clute from the region of the upper Susquehanna, but occurs locally throughout the western part of the State. i7« NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM B i c o 1 o r e s 88 Carex aurea Nutt. Gen. 2: 205. 1818 Golden- fruited sedge In wet meadows, springs and in bogs ; sometimes on wet rocks. Frequent across the State (except on the highest Adirondack moun¬ tains), southward to Dutchess and Tompkins county, and westward to Lake Erie. Not reported by Clute from the region of the upper Susquehanna. 89 Carex Hassei Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 21 : 5. 1896 Hasse’s sedge C. aurea var. celsa Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club. 1: 75. 1889 C. bicolor in Robinson & Fernald, Gray’s Man. ed. 7, 232. 1908. Not Allioni In moist or wet meadows. Erie county westward. Rare in this State, the only collection being from Collins, Erie county, made by Dr Anne E. Perkins in 1920. P a n i c e a e 90 Carex livida (Wahl.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 285. 1805 Livid sedge C. limosa var. livida Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. (II) 24: 162. 1803 C. Grayana Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 25 : 141. pi. S, fig. 59. 1834 In bogs and marshes. Very rare. Formerly in Oriskany swamp, Kneiskern, V asey ; Litchfield, Herkimer county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 159. 1865). Oris¬ kany, A. Gray , June 1832. More recently collected in southern Herkimer county at Litchfield and state marsh by Gilbert, Peck, Habercr and others. Mendon, Monroe county, E. P. Killip. The Sartwell distribution No. 66, is labelled “ Oneida, Vasey,” but was probably collected in Oriskany swamp, Oneida county. 91 Carex tetanica Schk. Reidgr. Nachtr. 68. figs. 100, 207. 1806 In meadows and wet woods. Rare and local across the State south of the Adirondacks. Troy, Emmons. Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell. Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartzvell (ex Olney). Mendon, Monroe county, House. Sullivans, Ontario county, Baxter. Wayne county, Hank- enson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 120. 1896). In the Bronx, West¬ chester and Dutchess counties and reported from Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 197. 1915). Carex Meadii Dewey, has been collected in Delaware and Bucks counties, Pa., but is not definitely known from New York. 92 Carex Woodii Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. (II) 2: 249. 1846 Wood’s sedge C. tetanica var. Woodii Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1: 53. 1889 C. colorata Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui. 37: 232. 1910 In woods and meadows. Very rare in this State. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 179 Perch lake, Jefferson county, Wood, Crowe, Dewey ; Dexter, Jef¬ ferson county, Vasey (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 159. 1865). Watertown, Wood (Sartwell’s No. 79). Pavilion, Genesee county, E. J. Hill (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 32. 1910). Freeville, Tomp¬ kins county, W . R. Dudley. 93 Carex vaginata Tausch, Flora 557. 1821 Sheathed sedge C. vaginata var. altocaulis Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. (II) 41: 227. 1866 C. saltuensis Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1: 7. 1889 C. altocaulis Britton, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 1: 326. 1896 In boggy woods and wooded mossy swamps. Uncommon or rare across the northern part of the State and west to Genesee county. Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 159. 1865), since collected here by several botanists. North Elba, Essex county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 143. 1899). Bonaparte swamp, northern Lewis county, House. 94 Carex polymorpha Muhl. Gram. 239. 1817 Variable sedge Wet meadows and borders of woods. Rare and local. Reported by Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 197. 1915), from Hempstead and Rose- dale, Long Island. Laxiflorae 95 Carex plantaginea Lam. Encycl. 3: 392. 1789 Plantain-leaved sedge In moist open woodlands, usually in rich soil or among broken rocks. Common throughout most sections of the State but in the northern and higher Adirondacks, confined to rich humus in mixed, well drained forests, below’ 2000 feet altitude. Not reported from south of Westchester and Rockland counties. 96 Carex Careyana Torrey; Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 30: 60. /. 88. 1836 Carey’s sedge In woods and thickets. Jefferson county south to Oneida county and westward. Rare. Jefferson county, Wood; Auburn, Carey ; Genesee river, W. Boott; Henrietta, Genesee county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 157. 1865). Wayne county, Hankenson; Mendon, Monroe county, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 120. 1896; 5: 31. 1910). Brockport, Baxter. Pittsford, Baxter. 97 Carex platyphylla Carey, Am. Jour. Sci. (II) 4: 23. 1847 Broad-leaved sedge In woods and thickets. Locally abundant across the State outside of the Adirondacks. Westchester, Ulster, Sullivan and Dutchess counties and the Bronx, i8o NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 198. 1915). Troy, Emmons. North Greenbush, Rensselaer county, Peck. Elmira, Chemung county, T. F. Lucy. Vaughns, Washington county, Burnham. DeKalb, St Lawrence county, Phelps. Brownville, Jefferson county, Peck. Altamont, Albany county, Peck. Herkimer county, Paine, Haberer. Ludlowville, Tompkins county, H. B. Lord. Rochester and Corn¬ ing, Holzer. Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Syracuse, Fair¬ banks. Macedon, Baxter. Common in Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 120. 1896). Chittenango creek ravine, Madi¬ son county, Paine (Cat. 157. 1865). Catskill. Greene county. House. Perch lake, Jefferson county, House. 98 Carex abscondita Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui. 37: 244. 1910 Thicket sedge C. ptychocarpa Steud. Syn. PI. Cyp. 234. 1855. Not Link, 1799 Reported as frequent on Long Island, south of the moraine, and occasional north of it. 99 Carex digitalis Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 298. 1805 Slender wood sedge C. Vanvleckii Schw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 69. 1824 In woods and thickets. Frequent or common throughout the State except in the pine-barrens of Long Island and the extensive sandy sections of Albany, Oswego, Oneida and Monroe counties, where it is rare or absent. Not reported from the Adirondack mountains. 100 Carex laxiculmis Schw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1 : 70. 1824 Spreading sedge C. retrocurva Dewey, in Wood’s Bot. 423. 1845 In woods and thickets. Frequent across the State but not re¬ ported from the coastal plain of Long Island or from Staten Island. Rare or at least not reported from the Adirondack region. The Var. copulata (Bailey) Femald (Rhodora 8: 183. 1906) has about the same range but is less frequent. 101 Carex albursina Sheldon, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 284. 1893 White bear sedge C. laxiflora var. latifolia Boott, Ill. Car. 38. 1858 In rich woodlands. Frequent across the State southward to West¬ chester county, and reported from Long Island. The state herbarium contains no specimens from the Adirondack mountains, and this species may not occur there. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS l8l 102 Carex blanda Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. io: 45. 1826 Woodland sedge C. laxiflora var. varians Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1: 32. 1889 In moist or rich woodlands. Frequent or common in nearly all sections of the State, but like the preceding, the state herbarium has no specimens from the Adirondacks. 103 Carex leptonervia Fernald, Rhodora 16: 214. 1914 Northern woodland sedge C. laxiflora var. leptonervia Fernald, Rhodora 8: 184. 1906 In moist open woodlands and thickets. Common across the State northward, south to the Catskill mountains and central New York. Perhaps of wider distribution westward in the State. Very common and the chief representative of this group of sedges throughout the entire Adirondack region, where it is found up to 4500 feet altitude. (Mount Marcy above Lake Tear, House). 104 Carex anceps Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 278. 1805 Two-edged sedge C. anceps var. patulifolia Dewey ; Wood’s Bot. 423. 1845 C. laxiflora var. patulifolia Carey, Gray’s Man. ed. 2, 524. 1856 In woods and thickets. Frequent throughout most sections of the State, except the coastal plain of Long Island and not reported from the higher Adirondacks, but frequent both east and west of the mountains, and especially across the middle part of the State. 105 Carex striatula Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 173. 1803 Striate sedge C. laxiflora Boott, Ill. t. 89. 1858. Not Lam. C. laxiflora var. divaricata Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1: 33. 1889 C. laxiflora var. Michauxii Bailey, Torr Club Mem. 1: 32. 1889 In woods and thickets. A southern species reported from Staten Island by Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 199. 1915). 106 Carex styloflexa Buckley, Am. Jour. Sci. 45: 174. 1843 Bent sedge C. laxiflora var. styloflexa Boott, Ill. Car. 37. 1858 In woods and thickets. A southern species reported by Taylor (l.c.) from Staten Island, Long Island and north to Westchester and Orange counties. 107 Carex laxiflora Lam. Encycl. 3: 392. 1789 Loose-flowered sedge C. heterosperma Wahl. Kongl. Acad. Handl. (II) 24: 151. 1803 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM l82 In meadows and thickets. Widely distributed but apparently in¬ frequent across the State south of the Adirondacks. Feura Bush and Voorheesville, Albany county, Peck. New Balti¬ more, Greene county, Peck. Catskill, House. Tioga county, Fenno. Carrollton, Cattaraugus county, Peck. Var. gracillima Boott ; Gray’s Man. Ed. 7, 1908 C. laxiflora Lam. var. blanda, subvar, gracillima Boott, Ill. 1: 38, pi. 91. f. 2. 1858 A well-marked, and probably distinct species, of moist woodlands from Essex county southward. North Elba, Lake Mohonk and Selkirk, Peck. 108 Carex ormostachya Wiegand, Rhodora 24: 196. 1922 This is based upon C. laxiflora intermedia Boott (Ill. Car. 37. 1858), and in part on C. laxiflora var. intermedia^ Bailey (Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 1 15. 1886). It is said to differ from C. albursina, C. blanda and C. laxiflora by perigynia with a narrow and sharp, more beak-like, straight or only slightly oblique apex, from C. anceps by basal sheaths purple at least when young, and angles of culms plainly granulose. The range is given as Quebec to Massachusetts, Pennsyl¬ vania and Lake Superior. New York collections cited are: Alcove, Albany county, Shear; DeKalb and Nicholville, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Granulares 109 Carex Shriveri Britton, Man. 208. Shriver’s sedge C. Halcana Carey. Car. Bor. Am. 6. 1871. Not C. Halci Dewey, 1846 C. granulans var. Shriveri Britton, in B. & B. Illus. FI. 1: 322. 1896 In moist meadows. Common across the State outside of the Adirondack region, and also on Long Island. no Carex granularis Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 179. 1805 Meadow sedge In moist meadows. Frequent in most sections of the state, except at high altitudes. Many records of this doubtless refer, in part at least, to the preceding and often more common species. in Carex Crawei Dewey; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 408. 1843 Crawe’s sedge C. heterostachya Torrey, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 2: 248. 1846 In moist meadows, banks and in marly bogs. Herkimer and Jef¬ ferson counties westward across the State. Banks of the Black river, Watertown, Crazve (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 408. 1843). Mouth of the Black river, Sackett’s Harbor, Vasey; Cedar lake, Litchfield, Herkimer county; swamps of West Bergen, Genesee county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 161. 1865; Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 119. 1896). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 183 Oligocarpae 1 12 Carex oligocarpa Sclik. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 279. 1805 Few-fruited sedge In dry woods and thickets. Infrequent or rare, but somewhat widely distributed across the State. Yonkers, Howe & Pooley. Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 200. 1915). Rome, Kneiskern; banks of Wood creek between New London and Oneida creek, Gray; Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartzvell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 159. 1865). Rare in Monroe county. Six mile creek, Tompkins county, Dudley. Watertown, Wood & Vasey. Madrid, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. 1 13 Carex Hitchcockiana Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 10: 274. 1826 Hitchcock’s sedge C. oligocarpa var. major Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 206. 1843 In woods and thickets. Infrequent, but widely distributed across the State, outside of the higher Adirondacks and southward to Dutchess county in the Hudson valley. Watertown, Crawe ; Auburn, Carey; Penn Yan, Sartwell ; Ironde- quoit bay, Sartwell; south of Rochester, Dewey (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 159. 1865). Irondequoit, Holzer; Murray, Orleans county, Baxter; Newark, Wayne county, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 120. 1896). Pine Plains, Dutchess county and reported from Westchester county and New York City, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 200. 1915). Syracuse, Fairbanks. Ovid, Seneca county, Dudley. Harrisville, Lewis county, Peck. Mount Defiance, Essex county, Peck. Vaughns, Washington county, Burnham. G r i s e a e 1 14 Carex conoidea Schk. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 280. 1805 Field sedge In meadows. Infrequent or local across the State outside of the Adirondack and Catskill mountains. Vaughns, Washington county, Burnham. Albany, Peck. Del- mar, Glenmont & Selkirk, Albany county, House. New Baltimore, Greene county, Peck. Yonkers, Howe & Pooley. Bronx county, northward and reported from Woodmere, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 200. 1915). Schenectady and western New York, Gray; Yates county, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 158. 1865). Troy, Emmons. Long pond, Monroe county, Scaring, Holzer (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 120. 1896). 1 15 Carex grisea Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. (II) 24: 154. 1 803 Gray sedge C. grisea var. (?) rigida Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1: 1889 184 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Usually in dry soil in woods and thickets. Infrequent across the State south of the Adirondacks, but not reported from the coastal plain. Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Sandlake, Rens¬ selaer county, Peck. North Greenbush, Peck. Rensselaer, House. Menands, Albany county, Peck. Wemple, Albany county, House. Johnstown, Fulton county, Olsson. Utica, A. Gray, Haberer. Chit- tenango Falls, Madison county, House. Penn Yan, Sartwcll. Rome, Peck. Sullivans, Ontario county, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 80. 1915, as amphibola) . Wayne county and Monroe county, scarce (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 119. 1896). Perinton, Monroe county, Baxter. Scarce in Tompkins and Cortland counties, Dudley (Cayuga FI. 1 14. 1886). Apalachin, Tioga county, Fcnno. Perch lake, Jefferson county, House. 116 Carex glaucoidea Tuckerman ; Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 395. 1868 Glaucescent sedge C. grisea var. mutica Carey ; Gray’s Man. 552. 1848 Open fields, meadows and edge of woods. Infrequent or rare. Hudson valley from Albany county southward and westward to Tompkins county. Selkirk, Albany county, House. Stissing mountain, Dutchess county, Peck. Catskill, Greene county, House. Ithaca, W. R. Dud¬ ley. Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 16: 134. 1889). Not reported from the coastal plain or pine-barrens of Long Island. G r a c i 1 1 i m a e 1 17 Carex gracillima Schw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 66. 1824 Graceful sedge In moist woods and meadows. Common in nearly all sections of the State. The var. humilis Bailey, apparently but a small or starved form. A hybrid with C. hirsutella Mackenzie (C. complanata of N. Y. reports), has been found at Philipstown, Putnam county, and a hybrid with C. arctata at Adams Basin, Monroe county, Baxter. Carex Sullivantii Boott, a hybrid between C. gracillima and C. hirtifolia, has been found at Yonkers (Howe, in 34th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 42. 1881). 1 18 Carex prasina Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. (II) 24: 161. 1803 Drooping sedge C. miliacea Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 290. 1805 In meadows and moist thickets. Rare or local across the State south of the Adirondacks. On Long Island only north of the moraine, where rare, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 1915). Rare in Chemung county, Lucy (Clute, FI. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 185 Upper Susquehanna 123. 1898). Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. North Greenbush, Rensselaer county, Peck. Utica, A. Gray; Haberer. Taberg, Oneida county, House. Peterboro and Oneida, Madison county, House. Penn Yan, Sartwell. Reported as frequent, Dudley (Cayuga Flora, as miliacea). 1 19 Carex formosa Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 8: 98. 1824. Handsome sedge Dry woods and thickets. Washington county to Columbia county and westward across the State. Rare or local. Vaughns, Washington county, Burnham. Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Hoysradt. Ancram Lead Mines, Columbia county, Peck. Rome, Vasey. Penn Yan, Sartwell. Seneca Park, Rochester, Peck ; Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 31. 1910; N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 94: 38. 1905). Troy, Emmons. 120 Carex Davisii Schw. & Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 326. 1825 Davis’s sedge C. Torreyana Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 10: 47. 1826 In moist thickets and meadows. Rensselaer and Dutchess counties westward across the State. Rare and local. Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 201. 1915). Greenbush, Rensselaer county, Peck. Utica, Whitesboro and Oris- kany, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 155. 1865). Utica, Haberer; Vasey. 121 Carex aestivaliformis Mackenzie, Torr. Club. Bui. 37: 238. 1910 False summer sedge C. gracillima x aestivalis, ?, Bailey, Torr. Club Bui. 20 : 417. 1893 A southern species, perhaps a hybrid as suggested by Bailey. In this State known only from Alcove, Albany county, and in Greene county, C. L. Shear (July 5, 1892), and reported by Taylor from Yonkers. 122 Carex aestivalis M. A. Curtis; A Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 42: 28. 1842 Summer sedge On wooded hills. Dutchess county, the Catskill mountains and Otsego county, southward. Infrequent. Pine Plains, Dutchess county and in the Catskills, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 202. 1915). Worcester and East Worcester, Otsego county, Peck. D e b i 1 e s 123 Carex oblita Steud. Syn. PI. Cyp. 231. 1855. Dark-green sedge C. glabra Boott, Ill. Car. 93. i860 C. venusta var. minor Boeckl. Linnaea 41: 255,. 1877 1 86 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In low woods and boggy depressions. Reported from Long Island by Taylor (1915). Has also been reported from central New York, but unverified. 124 Carex flexuosa Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 297. 1805 Slender-stalked sedge C. tenuis Rudge. Trans. Linn. Soc. 7: 97. pi. 9. 1804. Not J. F. Gmel. 1791 C. debilis var. Rudgei Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1: 34. 1889 C. debilis var. intcrjecta Bailey, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 418. 1893 C. debilis var. strictior Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1: 34. 1889 In woods, thickets and moist openings. Common throughout the Adirondack region (up to 4000 feet altitude Mount Marcy, House), the northern and central counties, and somewhat less frequent southward and westward. Reported by Paine (1865) as C. debilis. C. debilis has been reported several times from this State, but wherever the specimens have been available for verification, they prove to be C. flexuosa. Peck collected a specimen in the Adirondacks with perigynia 6 to 7 mm long, which he referred to C. debilis, but Mackenzie refers the specimen to flexuosa. 125 Carex arctata Boott; Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 227. 1840 Drooping wood sedge In dry or moist woods and thickets. Common throughout the northern and central parts of the State. Less common southward and in the extreme western section of the State. 126 Carex Kneiskernii Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 32: 247. 1846 Kneiskern’s sedge Usually regarded as a hybrid between C. arctata and C. castanea. Rome and Oriskany, Kneiskern, Vascy, Dewey (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co., 161. 1865). The Vasey collection is in the Sartwell herbarium. Alder Creek, Oneida county, Plaberer. Newcomb, Essex county, House, 1920. F 1 e x i 1 e s 127 Carex castanea Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. (II) 24: 155. 1803 Chestnut sedge C. flexilis Rudge, Trans. Linn. Soc. 7: 98. pi. 10. 1804 C. blepharaphora A. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 237. 1835 In moist or dry thickets, low or wet meadows and depressions, or rarely in bogs. Locally abundant across the northern part of the State, and in central New York. Southern Herkimer county, and near old Fort Bull on Wood creek, Oneida county, Kneiskern, Vasey (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS l87 Co. 1 61. 1865). Rome, Gray, and Essex county, Kneiskcrn (Tor- rey, FI. N. Y. 2: 410. 1843). West of Rome, Haberer. Cedar lake, Herkimer county, Peck. Litchfield, Haberer. Alder creek Oneida county, Haberer. Peterboro, Madison county, House. Vaughns, Washington county, Burnham. Minerva, Essex county, Peck. Newcomb, Essex county, House. Norfolk, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. C a p i 1 1 a r e s 128 Carex capillaris L. Sp. PI. 9 77. 1753 Hair-like sedge A rare arctic-alpine species, found at Otter creek, near Cortland, by S. N. Cowles in 1869. W. R. Dudley, in 1884 discovered it at another locality, “Marl pond”; about 3 miles from where it was found by Cowles. It occurs also in northern Maine and on the White mountains of New Hampshire. Longirostres 129 Carex Sprengelii Dewey; Spreng. Syst. 3: 827. 1826. Long-beaked sedge C. longirostris Torr. ; Schw. in Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 71. 1824. Not Krock. 1814 On banks and in moist thickets. Infrequent or local across the State from Essex county to St Lawrence county, south to Dutchess county and westward to Oneida lake and Schuyler county. Per¬ haps of wider distribution. Keene, Essex county, Peck. Saratoga, Rensselaer and Albany counties, Peck. Troy, Emmons. Gloversville, Olsson. Rossie, St. Lawrence county, Peck. Gouverneur, Phelps. Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Hoysradt. Penn Yan, Sartwell. Oneida lake. V asey (Sartwell’s No. 157). Watkins, Schuyler county, Dudley (Cayuga Flora 120. 1889). Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. Sand dunes, in pine woods, along shore Lake Ontario, Woodville, Jefferson county, House. Virescentes 130 Carex Swanii (Fernald) Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui. 37: 24b. 1910 Swan’s sedge C. virescens var. minima Barratt; Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1: 77. 1880 C. virescens var. Szvanii Fernald, Rhodora 8: 183. 1906 C. virescens Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. Ed. x, 1: 316. fig. 743. 1896 In moist thickets, open woods and on banks. Common across the State, but not reported from the higher and northern Adiron- dacks. In some sections more common than the next. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 1 88 1 3 1 Carex virescens Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PL 4: 251. 1805 Ribbed sedge C. virescens var. costata Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 9: 260. 1825 C. costellata Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 22: 223. 1895 In woods and thickets. Common or frequent across the State, but not reported from the northern and higher Adirondack region. 132 Carex hirsutella Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui. 50: 349. 1923 Northern hirsute sedge C. triceps Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 170. 1803. Not Schrank, 1789 C. hirsuta Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 252. 1805. Not Suter, 1802 C. triceps var. hirsuta Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1 : 35. 1889 C. complanata Torrey, of New York reports In woods, fields and swamps. Frequent or common in most sec¬ tions of the State, but not reported from the northern Adirondacks. Somewhat rare westward, and rare on the coastal plain of Long Island. A form with oblong, dense spikes is described as C. com¬ planata var. robusta (Burnham, Torreya 19: 134. 1919). 133 Carex caroliniana Schw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1 : 67. 1824 Carolina sedge C. triceps var. Smithii Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13 : 88. 1888 A southern species, reported as having been doubtfully collected at Aqueduct, Long Island (Taylor, FI. Vic. N. Y. 203. 1915). 134 Carex Bushii Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui. 37: 241. 1910 Bush’s sedge C. hirsuta var. cuspidata Dewey ; Wood’s Classbook 758. 1863 In meadows. Eastern and central parts of the State, southward. Rare. Near Utica, Oneida county, Habcrer, 1902. Yonkers (according to Taylor, l.c. 204). Washington county, Burnham. Penn Yan, Sartwcll. Pallescentes 135 Carex pallescens L. Sp. PI. 977. 1753 Pale sedge In fields and meadows. Common or frequent throughout the State. Less common in the western part of the State and rare on Long Island. A n o m a 1 a e 136 Carex scabrata Schw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 64. 1824 Rough sedge In moist woods, swamps, marshes and thickets. Common throughout the northern, central and eastern sections of the State. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 189 Less frequent westward and uncommon or rare on Long Island. Not reported from Staten Island. Limosae 137 Carex limosa L. Sp. PI. 977. 1753 Mud sedge In bogs and marshes. Frequent across the northern part of the State and in central New York. Less common or rare southward to Dutchess and Broome counties and westward. 138 Carex paupercula Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 172. 1803 Bog sedge C. irrigua Smith ; Hoppe, Caric. 72. 1825 C. paupercula var. irrigua Fernald, Rhodora 8: 76, 77- 1906 C. magellanica of New York reports, perhaps also of Lamarck (see Holm, Can. Field Nat. 33: 75. 1919) In bogs and cold wooded swamps. Frequent throughout the northern and central portions of the State, south to Dutchess, Otsego, Tompkins and Wayne counties. In the Adirondacks found to the summits of Marcy and Whiteface. Var. pallens Fernald, Rhodora 8: 77. 1906, with about the same range but southward only to Rensselaer, Herkimer and Madison counties, is more usually found in cold mossy woods and shaded swamps, and except for its paler color is not distinct. 139 Carex Barrattii Schw. & Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 361. 1825 Barratt’s sedge C. littoralis Schw., l.c. 1 : 70. 1824. Not Krock. 1814 In wet woods and bogs near the coast. Islip, Long Island, Peck. Islip & Woodmere, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 205. 1915). A t r a t a e 140 Carex Buxbaumii Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. (II) 24: 163. 1803 Brown sedge C. polygama Schk. Reidgr. 1: 84. 1801. Not J. F. Gmel. 1791 C. canescens Boott; Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 215. 1840. Not L. C. fusca Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1: 63. 1889. Not All. 1785. In bogs and marshes, or on marshy shores of lakes and ponds. Infrequent across the State northward, south to Dutchess county and locally on Long Island, westward to Seneca and Genesee counties. Near Albany, Peck. Karner, Albany county, Gordinier. Lake Sanford, Essex county, Peck. Lake Harris, Essex county, House. Pompey, Onondaga county, House. Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 190 Mendon, Monroe county, House. Banks of Genesee river, Bradley ; Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 155. 1865). R i g i d a e 141 Carex stricta Lam. Encycl. 3: 387. 1789 Tussock sedge In swales, marshes and low meadows, chiefly near the Atlantic coast. Islip, Long Island, Peck. Manorville, House. Staten Island, Britton. Prattsburg, Steuben county, S. H. Wright. Philipstown, Putnam county, Barratt. Forma brevior House, and forma pedicellaris House (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 61. 1923), are described from Long Island. 142 Carex strictior Dewey; Wood’s Classbook 582. 1845 Northern tussock sedge C. Watsoniana Steud. Syn. PI. Cyp. 215. 1855 In marshes, meadows and swamps. Common throughout most sections of the State north of the coastal plain. Passing into forma angustata (Boott) House, l.c. 60 (var. angustata (Boott) Bailey; Carex xerocarpa S. H. Wright). A form which grows at Hidden lake, Herkimer county, and else¬ where, with very short pistillate spikes is forma curtissima (Peck) House, l.c. 60 (C. stricta var. curtissima Peck, Howe, in 48th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 150. 1895). The true Carex stricta, on the coastal plain has a similar variety, and material of it collected by Peck at Islip was designated as this variety. The Hidden lake collection seems to be the type, as the Islip, Long Island, collection was made by Peck on May 25, 1895, at which time the 48th Rep’t (for 1894) was in press. 143 Carex Haydeni Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. (II) 18: 103. 1845 Hayden’s sedge C. apcrta Carey, in A. Gray, Man. 547. 1848. Not Boott. C. apcrta var. minor Olney, Exsicc. V. No. 15. 1871 C. stricta var. decora Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13: 85. 1888 In swamps. Northern part of the State. Rare. Ausable valley and south meadows, North Elba, Essex county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 141. 1899). 144 Carex torta Boott; Tuckerman, Eumn. Meth. n. 1853. Twisted sedge Rocky beds of streams and rarely in swamps or marshy meadows. Infrequent across the State outside of the Adirondacks, in the east, north to Washington county, west of the mountains north to St Lawrence county, southward in the Hudson valley to Dutchess, Ulster and Greene counties. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 191 145 Carex concolor R. Br. in Parry’s Voy. App. 283. 1823 Bigelow’s sedge C. rigida Gooden. Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 193. pi. 22. 1794. Not Schrank, 1789 C. hyperborea Drej. Rev. Crit. Car. 43. 1841 C. Bigelouni Torrey; Schw., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 67. 1824 An arctic-alpine species found in this State only on or near the summits of Mount Marcy, Mount McIntyre, Wallface, and Whiteface. 146 Carex acuta L. Sp. PI. 978. 1753 Goodenough’s sedge C. caespitosa Gooden. Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 105. pi. 21. 1794. Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 388. 1943- Not. L., 1753 C. Goodenowii J. Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. (II) 11: 191, 1839 (See Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui. 50: 345. 1923) C. vulgaris E. Fries, Mant. 3: 153. 1842 C. vulgaris var. strictiformis Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1: 74. 1889 In swales and marshes. A northern species which has been recorded (as indicated below) for this State, but not verified. Pine Plains, Dutchess county and on Mount Riga, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 205. 1915)- Swamp near Oriskany, Oneida county, Kneiskern (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 154. 1865). Wayne and Monroe counties (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 118. 1896). 147 Carex lenticularis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 172. 1803. Lenticular sedge C. lenticularis var. mcrens E. C. Howe, 48th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 149. 1895 Wet, marshy or boggy shores of lakes and ponds, across the northern part of the State and in the Adirondacks. Clear lake, Round lake and Lake Placid, Essex county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 141. 1899). Lake Harris, Essex county, House. Shore of “ the Eight lakes ” Herkimer county, Paine. Island in Lake Sanford near McIntyre Iron Works, Essex county, Paine. Hewitt’s pond, Essex county, House. Lake Pleas¬ ant, Hamilton county, House. Racquette river at Colton, St Law¬ rence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y 206. 1915) Var. 'Blakei Dewey, on the sandy shores of Fourth lake, Her¬ kimer county, Paine. 148 Carex substrica (Kukenthal) Mackenzie, in Rydb. Rocky Mountain FI. 139. 1917 Northern water sedge C. aquatilis substricta Kukenthal, Pflauzenreich IV30: 309. 1909 C. aquatilis of N. Y. reports. Not Wahl. In swamps, bogs and along lake shores. Frequent from Her¬ kimer county northward and westward. Less common or rare eastward to the Hudson valley and Dutchess county. 192 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM State marsh, Herkimer county, House. Hidden lake and Litch¬ field, Herkimer county, Peck. Peterboro, Madison county, House. Jamesville, Onondaga county, House. Bonaparte swamp, Lewis county, House. Pecksport, Madison county, House. Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell. Pompey, Onondaga county, House. Round pond, Monroe county, House. Niagara river, Boott. Tompkins county, Dudley (Cayuga Flora 113. 1889). Woodville, Jefferson county, House. 149 Carex Emoryi Dewey; Torrey, Bot. Mex. Bound. 230. 1859 Emory’s sedge A southern species, reported from Sullivan county by Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 206. 1915). Cryptocarpae 150 Carex crinita Lam. Encyl. 3: 393. 1789 Sickle sedge In swamps and wet woods. Common throughout most sections of the State, but rare or absent in the pine-barrens of Long Island. The var. minor Boott (Ill. 1 : 18. 1858), represented in the state herbarium by collections from Yates, Oneida and Hamilton counties. 151 Carex gynandra Schw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 70. 1824 Nodding sedge In swamps and wet woods. Common except on the coastal plain of Long Island. Variable in the character of the pistillate spikes, and width of leaves. Var. Porteri (Olney) Britton, and Var. simulans (Fernald) Haberer, being the most marked forms. A hybrid between C. crinita and C. gynandra, has been collected at Mud lake, Hannibal, Oswego county, House. H i r t a e 152 Carex lacustris Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 306. 1805 Lake-bank sedge C. riparia Muhl. Descr. Gram. 259. 1817. Not Curtis, 1783 In swamps and along shores of streams and ponds. Frequent northward in the State. Less abundant or rare southward along the coast. Doctor Peck has described a small or dwarfed form found at Karner, Albany county as C. riparia var. inferior, Peck (49th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 29. 1896). 153 Carex Walteriana Bailey, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 429. 1893 Walter’s sedge C. striata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 174. 1803. Not Gilib. 1792 C. striata var. brevis Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1: 34. 1889 In pine-barren swamps on Long Island. Infrequent. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 193 The reference to C. striata from western New York and the northern part of the State in Torrey’s Flora of New York, and in Paine’s Catalogue of the Plants of Oneida County, apparently refers to Carex Houghtonii. 154 Carex vestita Willd. Sp. PL 4: 1805 Velvet sedge In sandy or rocky woods and thickets, Washington and Saratoga counties, southward and westward to Schenectady county. 155 Carex lanuginosa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 175. 1803 Woolly sedge C. pellita Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 302. 1805 C. filifonnis var. latifolia Boeckl. Linnaea 41 : 309. 1876 C. filifonnis var. lanuginosa: B. S. P., Prel. Cat. N. Y. 63. 1888 In swamps, marshes and wet meadows. Infrequent or locally abundant throughout most sections of the State, but very rare or largely absent in most of the Adirondack region. 156 Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. in Flannov. Mag. 9: 132. 1784 Slender sedge C. filifonnis Gooden. Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 172. 1794. Not L. In wet meadows, swamps and marshy shores. Frequent or com¬ mon throughout the Adirondock region, the northern and central counties of the State. Less common westward to Lake Erie and rare in the southern tier of counties, and southward in the Hudson valley to Dutchess county. Reported from Westchester county and from a few localities on Long Island. 157 Carex Houghtonii Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 413. 1836 Houghton’s sedge In sandy or rocky soil and on shores. Infrequent or rare across the northern part of the State. Lake Placid and Elizabethtown, Essex county, Peck. North Elba, Peck. East Galway, Saratoga county, E. A. Burt. Gloversville, Fulton county, A. Olsson. Long pond, Monroe county, (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 118. 1896), but not verified. Newcomb, Essex county, House. 158 Carex trichocarpa Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 302. 1805 Hairy-fruited sedge In marshes and on wet banks and in low meadow's. Infrequent or scarce across the State northward. Rare southward to Dutchess and Broome counties, and westward to Lake Erie. Reported south¬ ward to Bronx county. 194 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Yar. turbinata Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 11:159. 1826; is reported from Dutchess county. 159 Carex atherodes Spreng. Syst. 3: 828. 1826 Awned sedge C. aristata R. Br. in Frankl. Jour. 751. 1823. Not Clairv. 1811 C. trichocarpa var. aristata Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 294. 1885 In bogs. Northern and western parts of the State. Rare. Watertown, Craive ; between Watertown and Adams, Vasey (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 164. 1865). Shore of Lake Ontario, Sartwell (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 398, 1843). Greece, Monroe county, Bradley (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 118. 1896). Utica, J. A. Paine, Jr. ( in state herbarium, but locality perhaps incorrect as Paine does not report it from Oneida county). 160 Carex hirta L. Sp. PI. 975. 1753 Hairy or hammer sedge In fields and waste places. Locally naturalized from Europe, at Ithaca, Dudley; Boonville, Oneida county, Haberer; and on Long Island, Taylor. F 1 a v a e 161 Carex extensa Gooden. Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 175. 1794 Long-bracted sedge Salt marshes near Coney Island. Probably naturalized from Europe, T. F. Allen, G. D. Hulst, N. L. Britton, etc. 162 Carex viridula Michx. El. Bor. Am. 2: 170. 1803 Green sedge C. flava var. viridula Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1: 31. 1889 C. oederi var. pumila (Cosson & Germain, FI. Paris 602. 1845) Fernald, Rhodora 8: 201. 1906 In bogs, on wet or marshy shores and wet rocks. Locally fre¬ quent across the State southward to Dutchess and Greene counties and westward to Tompkins and Genesee counties. Perhaps of wider distribution westward in the State. Shore of Lake Ontario at Saeketts Harbor, Crawe ; and at Niagara Falls, Dewey (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 403. 1843). Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 156. 1865). Thompson’s lake, Albany county, Peck. Watertown, Vasey. Alex¬ andria Bay, C. S. Sheldon. Lake Harris and Hewitt’s pond, Essex county, House. Syracuse, Mrs S. M. Rust. Peterboro, Madison county, House. Bergen swamp, Peck, House. Marl pond outlet, Cortland county, Peck. Ludlowville, Tompkins county, H. B. Lord. Sodus Point, Wayne county, Hankenson. Massena, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 195 There appears to be no marked difference between the species and the so-called var. pumila, which is an approach to but sufficiently distinct from the Scandinavian Carex Oederi, under which name our plant is often reported. 163 Carex cryptolepis Mackenzie, Torreya, 14: 157. 1914 Small yellow sedge C. Oederi Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 1 71 . 1803. Not Retz. C. lepidocarpa Dewey, in Wood’s Classbook, ed. 2, 585. 1847. Mackenzie in Britton & Brown, Ills. FI. ed. 2, 1 : 430, fig. 1076. 1913. Not Tausch, 1834 C. flava var. rectirostra Gaudin ; Robinson & Fernald, in A. Gray Man. ed. 7, 245. 1908 In wet, usually calcareous meadows or marshes and on wet shores of ponds and lakes. Northern and central New York. Warrensburg, Warren county, Peck. Cheney and Hewitt’s ponds. Essex county, Peck. Lake Harris, Essex county, House. Outlet of Lake Pleasant, Hamilton county, House. Paddy lake, Oswego county, C. S. Sheldon. Paradox lake, Brainerd. Whitesboro, Oneida county, Habercr. Hamilton lake. Peck. Woodman’s pond, Hamilton, Madison county, House. Reported from Mohegan lake, Westchester county, Leggett. Sylvia lake, Fowler, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. 164 Carex irregularis Schw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1 : 66. 1824 C. Oederi var. prolifera H. B. Lord, 19th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 76. 1866 In marly bogs and marly shores of ponds. Rare. Ludlowville, Tompkins county, H. B. Lord. Marl pond outlet, Cortland county, Peck. Lake Harris, Essex county, House. 165 Carex flava L. Sp. PI. 975. 1753 Yellow sedge In swamps and wet meadows or bogs. Frequent or common in central New York. Less common elsewhere across the State and southward to Dutchess and Bronx counties. Reported from one locality (Long Beach) on Long Island. Not reported from North Elba by Peck, but occasional throughout most sections of the Adirondacks and the northern counties. C o 1 1 i n s i a e 166 Carex Collinsii Nutt. Gen. 2: 205. 1818 Collins’s sedge C. subulata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 173. 1803. Not Gmel. 1791 C. Michauxii Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 10 : 273. 1826 In deep cedar swamps and bogs on Long Island and Staten Island. Rare. Magnolia swamp, T. F. Allen, 1864 (Clinton, in 18th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 205. 1865). Staten Island, W . H. Leggett (Torr. Club Bui. 6:12. 1875), n°t verified. A note in Torr. Club Bui. 2:8, 196 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 1871, indicates that the reference to Long Island in Gray’s Manual, ed. 1, and in Torrey’s Flora of New York are mistakes. The note is signed by “ S. T. O.” (S. T. Olney). Yet Olney’s distribution of Carices, 1870, contains a specimen labelled “ New York, Allen ”, and Clinton appears to have had some information regarding the definite locality, but the species if it does occur on Long Island, has not since been collected. 167 Carex abacta Hailey, Torr. Club Bui. 20 : 427. 1893 Michaux’s sedge C. rostrata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 173. 1803. Not Stokes, 1787 C. Michauxiana Boeckl. Linnaea 40: 336. 1877. Not C. Michauxii Schw., 1824 In bogs and on borders of lakes and ponds. Frequent through¬ out the Adirondack region and the northern counties. Adirondack mountains, Peck. Lake Harris, Lake Tear, Hewitt’s pond and Woodruff pond, Newcomb, Essex county, House. Lake Pleasant, Hamilton county. House. Tooley pond, Clare, St Law¬ rence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Long lake. Oneida county, House. Pond near Bald mountain, Herkimer county, J. A. Paine, Jr. Near Wilmurt, Herkimer county, Habercr. Pecksport, Madison county, House. Folliculatae 168 Carex folliculata L. Sp. PI. 978. 1753 Long sedge In wet woods, meadows and swamps and shores of lakes and ponds. Common on the coastal plain of Long Island and locally northward. Common throughout the Adirondack region, the north¬ ern and central counties, and westward to Lake Erie. Not recorded by Clute, however, from the region of the upper Susquehanna. Specimens which are very much dwarfed occur on the shores of Adirondack lakes between 1500 and 2500 feet altitude. Physocarpae 169 Carex vesicaria L. Sp. PI. 979. 1753 Inflated sedge C. monile Tuckerm. Enum. Meth. 20. 1843 C. vesicaria vars. monile and jejuna Fernald, Rhodora 2: 53. 1901 C. bullata var. cylindracea Dewey; Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 390. 1843 C. Vaseyi Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. (II) 29: 347. i860 In marshes and wet meadows. Common across the northern part of the State. Infrequent, local or rare southward to Dutchess and Delaware counties and westward across the State. 170 Carex rostrata Stokes; With. Arr. Br. PI. 2:1059. 1787 Beaked sedge ? C. inflata Huds. FI. Angl. ed. 2, 412. 177S C. utriculata Boott; Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 221. 1840 C. ampullacca Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 164. 1865 C. utriculata var. minor Boott, Ill. Car. 1 : 14. 1858 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 197 In marshes, bogs and on marshy shores. Common across the northern part of the State and throughout the Adirondack region. Less frequent southward to Long Island and westward to Lake Erie. 171 Carex bullata Schk. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 309. 1805 Button sedge C. Olneyi Boott, Ill. Car. 1: 15. t. 42. 1858 C. Greenei Boeckl. Flora 41: 649. 1858 In swamps along the coastal plain of Long Island. Rare. Carex bullata as reported by Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. p. 164), refers to C. Tuckermani. 1 72 Carex Tuckermani Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 49: 48. t. Ff. fig. 1 17. 1845 Tuckerman’s sedge C. cylindrica Tuckerm. ; Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 391. 1843; Carey, in Gray’s Man. 566. 1848. Not Schw. In bogs and wet meadows. Locally abundant across the State outside of the Adirondack mountains, southward to Dutchess, West¬ chester and Greene counties, and westward to Lake Erie. 173 Carex retrorsa Schw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1 : 71. 1824 Retrorse sedge C. Hartii Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. (II) 41: 226. 1866 C. Hartii var Bradleyi Dewey, 1. c. C. retrorsa var. Hartii A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 600. 1867 In swamps and wet meadows. Frequent across the northern part of the State, in the central counties and westward to Lake Erie. Less common southward to Dutchess and Greene counties and in the Susquehanna river region and the counties bordering on Pennsyl¬ vania. 174 Carex oligosperma Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 174. 1803 Few-seeded sedge C. Oakesiana Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 14: 351. 1828 C. Despreauxii Steud. Syn. PI. Cyp. 237. 1855 In bogs and marshes. Frequent throughout the Adirondack region and the northern counties. Rare or local southward to Albany county and westward to Oneida lake. 175 Carex lurida Wahl. Kongl. Acad. Handl. (II) 24: 153. 1803 Sallow sedge C. tentaculata Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 266. 1805 In swamps, marshes and wet meadows. Common throughout the State. Somewhat variable. 198 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The var. parvula (Paine) Bailey, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 418. 1893 (C. tentaculata var. parvula Paine, Cat. 105. 1865), is a dwarfed or starved form, occasionally met with. Var. flacida Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1 : 73. 1889 ; is infrequent. Var. exundans Bailey; Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. 1: 299. 1896; occurs at Montauk Point, Peck; Barton, Tioga county, Fenno, and doubtless elsewhere. 176 Carex Baileyi Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 22: 220. 1895 Bailey’s sedge C. tentaculata var. gracilis Boott, Ill, Car. 94. i860 C. lurida var. gracilis Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1: 11. 1889 In wet or marshy places, rarely in swamps or bogs. Common throughout the entire Adirondack region and the northern counties, southward to Washington, Saratoga, Greene and Herkimer counties. Also at Campville, Tioga county, Fenno; and doubtless of wider distribution in the highlands of the State. Pseudo-C ypereae 177 Carex Schweinitzii Dewey; Schw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 71. 1824 Schweinitz’s sedge In swamps, marshy meadows and bogs. Frequent in central New York, especially in Herkimer and Oneida counties, and less common across the State to Lake Erie, and eastward to Rensselaer and Dutchess counties. Not reported from the Adirondacks. 178 Carex hystricina Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 292. 1805 Porcupine sedge C. Cooleyi Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 48: 144. 1845 C. tentaculata var. gracilis Boott, Ill. Car. 94. i860 C. hystricina var. Cooleyi Dewey; Gray, Man. ed. 7, 251. 1908 In swamps, marshes and low or wet meadows. Frequent or com¬ mon throughout the State. 179 Carex pseudocyperus L. Sp. PI. 978. 1753 Cyperus-like sedge In bogs and marshes. Infrequent across the State. Not reported from the Adirondacks. Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Peck. Oswego, C. S. Sheldon. Utica, A. Gray. Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Hoysradt. Reported from Chemung and Broome counties, and as frequent in the western part of the State, but many of the collections referred to this may belong to the next and more common species. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS I99 180 Carex comosa Boott ; Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 17. 1846 Bristly sedge C. furcata Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 552. 1824. Not Lapeyr. 1813 C. pseudocypcrus var. comosa Boott, Ill. Car. 4: 141. 1867. In swamps and marshes and along the borders of ponds. Fre¬ quent or common throughout most sections of |the State, but less common on Long Island and not reported from Staten Island. A hybrid between C. comosa and C. retrorsa has been collected at Mendon, Monroe county by M. S. Baxter. Dudley (Cayuga Flora, 1 18) reports a hybrid between C. comosa and C. lurida, and also what he considers a hybrid between C. pseudocypcrus and C. hystricina. It is evident and there are a number of hybrid forms in the sections Pseudocypcrcae and Lupulinae, some of which are but little known. Sqarrosae 181 Carex squarrosa L. Sp. PI. 973. 1753 Squarrose sedge In swamps and bogs. Local but widely distributed across the State from Rensselaer county westward and southward. Sandlake, Rensselaer county, House. Albany, Emmons. Sauger- ties, House. Orange county, Holzer. Caledonia, Livingston county, Baxter. Monroe county, Holzer; Golah, Vollertson (Proc. Roch¬ ester Acad. 5: 80. 1917). Scattered and rare on the coastal plain, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 211. 1915). 182 Carex typhina Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 169 1803 Cat-tail sedge C. typhinoides Schw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1 : 66. 1824 C. squarrosa var. typhinoides Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 11: 316. 1826 In swamps and low meadows, chiefly across the southern part of the State. Rare. Long Island and Staten Island and up the Hudson valley to the highlands, Taylor (l.c.). Narrowsburg, Sullivan county, Peck. Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. Bath, Steuben county, Sartwell. Oriskany, Oneida county, Haber er. Oriskany, Kneiskern (in Sart¬ well herbarium). 183 Carex Frankii Kunth, Enum. 2: 498. 1837 Frank’s sedge C. stcnolcpis Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 420. .1836. Not Less. 1831 In a small marshy depression east of Oneida, in Oneida county, House, September 1, 1918 (det. Mackenzie). This is a marked extension of the range of this species which is usually given as eastern Pennsylvania, westward and southward. 200 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM L u p u 1 i n a e 184 Carex intumescens Rudge, Trans. Linn. Soc. 7: 9 7. pi. 9. fig. 3. 1803 Bladder sedge C. folliailata Wahl. Kongl. Acad. Handl. (II) 24: 152. 1803. Not L. 1753 In swamps, bogs, wet woods and marshy depressions. Common throughout the State. Var. Fernaldii Bailey, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 418. 1893, appears to be the commoner form of this species in the Adirondack region and various localities chiefly in the northern part of the State. Mt Marcy, 4900 ft. alt., House, N. Elba, Peck, Sterling Valley, Cayuga Co., Sheldon, etc. 185 Carex Asa-grayi Bailey, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 427. 1893 Asa Gray’s sedge C. intumescens var. globularis A. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 236. 1834 C. Grayi Carey, Am. Jour. Sci. (II) 4: 22. 1847. Not C. Grayana Dewey, 1834 In swamps, wet meadows and low woods. Infrequent or locally abundant across the State south of the Adirondacks, south to Staten Island. A var. hispidula (A. Gray) Bailey, is described, which occurs at Utica, in Greene county and probably elsewhere. 186 Carex lupulina Muhl. ; Sp. PL 4: 266. 1805 Hop sedge C. bcllavilla Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. (II) 41: 229. r866 In swamps and ditches, or in wet meadows. Common through¬ out the State, but rare in the pine-barrens of Long Island. The var. pedunculata Dewey, may be an abnormal form or possibly a hybrid with some other species. Collected at South Ballston, Saratoga county, by Peck, and reported from other localities. Carex rnirata Dewey (Greece, Monroe county, Bradley 1829, in Sartwell her¬ barium) is another abnormal form of this species. 187 Carex Macounii Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. (II) 41: 228. 1866 Macoun’s sedge C. tcntaculata var. rastrata Sartwell, Exsicc. No. 138. i848 C. tcntaculata var. altior Boott, Ill. 94. t. 278. i860 C. lurida x lupulina Bailey, Torr. Club Mem. 1 : 73. 1889 There is little doubt but that the collections here designated are of hybrid origin, chiefly between C. lurida and C. lupulina, although C. lupulifonnis Sartwell may rarely be also involved. Some of the collections are sterile or partially so, others are apparently fertile. They are rather uniform in character, and widely distributed, so that annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 201 they may well be grouped under the name which Dewey first gave to one of them. South Ballston, Saratoga county, Peck. Meadowdale, Albany county, Peck. Machias, Cattaraugus county, Fenno. Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, Peck. Barton, Tioga county, Fenno. Ludlowville, Tompkins county, H. B. Lord. Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Dudley (Cayuga Flora 119), describes at considerable length, hybrids which he refers to C. lupulina x retrosa. Some of the material is doubtless of that hybrid origin, but some of the material is apparently C. Macounii as here treated. 188 Carex lupuliformis Sartwell; Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. (11) 9: 29. 1850 Hop-like sedge C. lupulina var. polystachya Schw. & Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 337. 1825 In swamps near Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartwell (Car. Am. Sept. 147). In Torrey’s Flora of New York; Hoysradt’s Flora of Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Taylor’s Flora of the Vicinity of New York and other local floras of New York, this species is given an indicated range from Rensselaer county south to Westchester county west¬ ward to Monroe county. I have not been able to verify any of these records. Most of the material so labelled proves to be large forms of C. lupulina or C. Macounii. Family 12 ARACEAE Necker, Act. Acad. Theod. Palat. 2 : 462. 1770 Arum family ARISAEMA Mart. Flora 14: 459. 1831 1 Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 239. 1843 Jack-in-the-pulpit, Indian turnip Arum triphyllum L. Sp. PI. 965. 1753 Arisaema atrorubcns (Ait.) Blume, Rumphia 1: 9 7. 1835 In moist woods and thickets. Common. Reported by Taylor as rare south of the moraine on Long Island. 2 Arisaema pusillum (Peck) Nash, in Britton, Man. 229. 1901 Peck’s Jack-in-the-pulpit A. triphyllum var. pusillum Peck, 51st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 297. 1898 In bogs and low Woods. Dutchess county southward. Rare. Millbrook, Dutchess county, Fred Thorne (Peck, l.c.). West¬ chester county and increasing southward, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 213. 1915; Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 67: 20. 1903). 202 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 3 Arisaema Stewardsoni Britton, Man. ed. 2, 1057. 1905 Stewardson’s Jack-in-the-pulpit A. triphyllum var. Stewardsoni G. T. Stevens, Illus. Guide FI. PI. no. 1910 In wet woods, often in shaded sphagnous swamps. Local. Lake Bonaparte, Lewis county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 94: 20. 1905). Jordanville, Herkimer county, House. Swamps east of Clayville, Oneida county, House. Swamps north of New London, Oneida county, House. MURICAUDA Small, FI. SE. U. S. 227. 1903 Muricauda Dracontium (L.) Small, l.c. Green dragon, dragon root Arum Dracontium L. Sp. PI. 964. 1753 Arisaema Dracontium Schott, Melet, 1 : 17. 1832 In wet woods and along streams. Infrequent across the State chiefly south of the Adirondack region. Not recorded from the higher Adirondack region, nor from Long Island, and rare on Staten Island. PELTANDRA Raf. Jour. Phys. 89: 103. 1819 Peltandra virginfea (L.) Kunth, Enum. 3: 43. 1841 Green water arum Arum virginicum L. Sp. PI. 966. 1753 Peltandra undulata Raf., 1. c. Lccontia virginica Torrey, FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1: 358. 1824 Rcnssclacria virginica Beck, Bot. 382. 1833 In swamps, borders of lakes, ponds and quiet streams. Fre¬ quent or common in most sections of the State, but not reported from the northern Adirondack region, very rare in St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps, and uncommon in the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. Variable in leaf form (Blake, Rhodora 14: 102. 1912). Of the forms described by Blake, the following are known to occur in New York, viz; f. latifolia (Raf.) Blake; f. hastifolia Blake; f. brachyota Blake; and f. heterophylla (Raf.) Blake. CALLA L. Sp. PI. 968. 1753 Calla palustris L., l.c. Water arum, wild calla In bogs and marshes. Common across the State northward, and in the Adirondacks. Less frequent or rare southward to Orange and Westchester counties, to the upper portion of the Susquehanna and Chenango watersheds, the Finger lakes region and westward to Erie county. annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 203 SPATHYEMA Raf. Med. Repos. (II), 5: 352. 1808 Symplocarpus Salisb. ; Nutt. Gen. 1: 105. 1818 Spathyema foetida (L.) Raf., l.c. Skunk cabbage Dracontium foetidum L. Sp. PI. 967. 1753 Pothos putorii Barton, Phila. Med. & Phys. Jour. 3: Suppl. 1, 90. 1806 Symplocarpus foetidus Nutt., l.c. 106 In swamps, marshes and wet woods. Common throughout the State except certain portions of the northern Adirondacks, and very rare in the northern tier of counties. ORONTIUM L. Sp. PI. 324. 1753 Aronia Mitch.; Baill. Hist, des PI. 13: 508. 1895 Orontium aquaticum L., l.c. Golden club A. aquatica Baill., l.c. In swamps, ponds and quiet streams. Fulton and Greene counties southward and westward to Otsego, Chenango and Broome counties. Broadalbin, Fulton county, J. D. Greenslete (state herbarium). Coxsackie, Greene county, Charlotte Bogardus. Gilhertsville, Otsego county, H. Latlirop (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 131. 1865). Chenango county, Coznlle; and Broome county, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 116. 1898). Highland lake, Sullivan county, Peck. Spruce pond, Orange county, Peck. Recorded from Onondaga county, by Mrs Goodrich (PI. Onon. Co. 58), upon the authority of S. Cole (S. Coivles), and unverified. Hudson, Eaton (Man. Ed. 2, 369. 1822). ACORUS L. Sp. PI. 324. 1753 Acorus Calamus L., l.c. Sweet flag, calamus or flag root A. odoratus Lam. FI. Fr. 3: 299. 1778 A. aromaticus Gilib. Exerc. Phvt. 2: 205. 1792 Calamus aromaticus Guldenst. It. 2: 327. 1791 In marshes, swamps, along streams and in wet meadows. Fre¬ quent or common across the State south of the Adirondacks. Family 13 LEMNACEAE Dumort. FI. Belg. 147. 1827 Duckweed family SPIRODELA Schleid. Linnaea 13: 391. 1839 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid., l.c. 392. Greater duckweed Lemna polyrhiza L. Sp. PI. 970. 1753 In rivers, ponds and shallow lakes. Of wide distribution across the State, but apparently absent from the Adirondack region. Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Hoysradt. Common in Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 113. 1896). Canton, St Law¬ rence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. 204 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM LEMNA L. Sp. PI. 970. 1753 1 Lemna trisulca L., l.c. Ivy-leaved duckweed, star duckweed . In ditches, springs, pools, shallow lakes and sloughs, widely dis¬ tributed across the State. Rare or absent from the Adirondacks. Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. Frequent in cen¬ tral New York and along the south shore of Lake Ontario, and in the Finger lakes region. 2 Lemna cyclostasa (Ell.) Chev. FI. Paris 2: 256. 1827 Valdivia duckweed L. minor cyclostasa Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 518. 1824 L. Torreyi Austin, in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 4?9. 1867 L. valdiviana Philippi, Linnaea 33: 239. 1864 In pools and streams. Long Island and Staten Island. Rare. 3 Lemna perpusilla Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 245. 1843 Minute duckweed In ponds, streams, springs and lakes. Long Island and Staten Island. Infrequent. 4 Lemna minor L. Sp. PI. 970. 1753 Lesser duckweed In ponds, lakes and stagnant waters. Common throughout the State. Lemna gibba was reported from Onondaga lake by Pursh, and that report has been copied by Torrey, Paine and others. The species probably does not occur in New York. BRUNIERA Franch. in Billotia 25. 18641 Wolfia Horkel ; Bartling, Ord. Nat. PI. 76. 1830 ( Wolffia Horkel ; Schleid. in Linnaea 13: 389. 1839). Not Wolfia Dennst. 1818, nor Wolfia Spreng. 1825 G r a n t i a Griff, ex. Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calc. 692. 1845. Not Grantia Boiss. 1845 H o r k e 1 i a Reichl. ex Bartl. Ord. 76. 1830. Not C. & S. 1827 i Bruniera columbiana (Karst.) Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 42. 1913 Columbian bruniera or wolffia Wolffia columbiana Karst. Bot. Unters. 1 : 103. 1865-67 Grantia columbiana MacM. Met. Minn. 135.. 1893 Floating as minute alga-like grains just beneath the surface of water in stagnant ponds, pools and shallow lakes. South shore of Lake Ontario and in Oneida lake and adjacent waters, east to Albany and Greene counties, south in the Hudson valley to Westchester county. Not reported from north of the ’See Britten. Jour. Bot. 34: 271. 1896 annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 205 Mohawk valley, nor from the southern counties adjacent to Penn¬ sylvania. Its small size renders it very inconspicuous, and it may have a much more general distribution in the State. 2 Bruniera punctata (Griseb.) Nieuwl., l.c. Dotted bruniera Wolffla brasiliensis of Reports, not Wedd. W . punctata Griseb. FI. Br. West Ind. 512. 1864 Floating on the surface of stagnant waters. Reported in this State only from Irondequoit bay, Monroe county, Fuller (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 31. 1910). Family 14 XYRIDACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 3S8. 1836 Yellow-eyed grass family XYRIS L. Sp. PI. 42. 1753 1 Xyris torta J. E. Smith, in Rees’ Cyclop. No. 11. 1819 Slender yellow-eyed grass X. flexuosa Muhl. in Chapm. FI. S. U. S. 500. i860; Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. ed. 2, 1: 451. f. 1132. 1913 X. bulbosa Kunth, Enum. 4: 11. 1843 In swamps and bogs, mainly near the coast on Long Island and Staten Island and in Westchester county. Infrequent. 2 Xyris caroliniana Walter, FI. Car. 69. 1788 Carolina yellow-eyed grass A", jupacai Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 23. 1803 X. anceps Pers. Syn. 1 : 56. 1805 In swamps, bogs and moist depressions. Frequent or common on Long Island and Staten Island and in Westchester county. Less frequent, local or rare northward to Rensselaer, Saratoga, Hamilton and Oneida counties. Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Hoysradt. Sandlake, Rensselaer county, Peck. Albany county, Beck, Burnham. Chase lake, Pul¬ ton county, A. Olsson. Pleasant lake, Hamilton county, House. White lake, Oneida county, Haherer (Rhodora 7: 95. 1905) ; Peck, 1911. 3 Xyris montana H. Ries, Torr. Club Bui. 19 : 38. 1892 Northern yellow-eyed grass A*, flexuosa var. pusilla A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 548. 1867 In bogs and boggy or wet sandy shores of ponds and lakes. Lrequent throughout the northern part of the State and the Adiron¬ dack region. 206 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Southern Hamilton county (Torr. Club Bui. 4: 25. 1873). Third lake, Herkimer county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 146. 1865) as X. bulbosa; Killip, 1916. White lake, Round lake, Deer pond and beaver meadows near North Wilmurt, Oneida and Herkimer counties, Haberer (Rhodora 7: 94. 1905). Long lake, Oneida county, House. Cranberry marsh, Sandlake, Rensselaer county, Peck (22d Rep't N. Y. State Mus. 103. 1869; N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 94: 35. 1905). Saranac lake, Peck. Bellows lake, Fulton county, A. Olsson. Tooley pond, Clare, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. 4 Xyris Congdoni Small ; Britton, Man. ed. 2, 1057. 1905 Congdon’s yellow-eyed grass On boggy shores, often in water. Suffolk county, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 217. 1915). Family 15 ERIOCAULACEAE Lindl. Veg. Kingd. 122. 1847 Pipewort family ERIOCAULON L. Sp. PI. 87. 1753 Eriocaulon septangulare Withering, Bot. Arr. Brit. PI. 784. 1776 Seven-angled pipewort Nasmythia articulata Huds. FI. Ang. ed. 2, 415. 1778 E. pellucidum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 166. 1803 E. articulatum (Huds.) Morong, Torr. Club Bui. 18; 353- 1891 In still water, or on moist or wet shores. Common across the state northward, south to Long Island, Ulster and Chemung coun¬ ties, west to Oswego and Onondaga counties. Chautauqua lake, Chautauqua county (Day, PI. Buffalo 81. 1883). Otherwise not recorded from the western part of the State. Family 16 COMMELINACEAE Reichenb., Consp. 57. 1828 Spiderwort family COMMELINA L. Sp. PI. 40. 1753 1 Commelina nudiflora L., l.c. 41. Creeping dayflower Inwood, New York City, Taylor (Torreya 10: 81. 1910). Prob¬ ably adventive from the South. 2 Commelina communis L., l.c. 40 Asiatic dayflower Adventive or naturalized from Asia, in southern New York, and rarely about Albany, Utica, Syracuse, Buffalo, and doubtless else¬ where. annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 207 3 Commelina virginica L. Sp. PL ed. 2, 61. 1762 Virginia dayflower In moist soil. Southern part of the State. Rare. Flushing, Long Island, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2: 332. 1843). Fish- kill, Peck (27th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 113. 1877). TRADESCANTIA L. Sp. PI. 288. 1753 Tradescantia virginica L., l.c. Spiderwort, spider lily In rich soil. Infrequent in the southern part of the State, chiefly on Staten Island. Also reported northward to Albany and Buffalo, probably largely as an escape from cultivation. The forma albiflora Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 17: 125. 1890), rare. Family 17 PONTEDERI ACEAE Dumort. Anal. Fam. 59. 1829 Pickerel weed family PONTEDERI A L. Sp. PI. 2 88. 1753 Umsema Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 352. 1808 — Unisema Raf. Med Bot. 2: 107. 1830 Pontederia cordata L., l.c. Pickerel weed Umsema obtusifolia & mucronata Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 352. 1808 Unisema Pursltiana, media, obliquata, latifolia, acutifolia, mucronata, hctcro- phylla, rotundifolia Raf. Med. Bot. 2: 107-108. 1830 Borders of ponds and streams. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State. Rare northward, especially in the higher Adirondacks and northern counties. U. media Raf., represents our common form. His U. Purshiana is the very narrow leaved forma angustifolia ( Pursh) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 62. 1923 (P. angustifolia , Pursh). Forma albiflora (Raf.) House, l.c. ( U . media var. albiflora Raf., l.c.), is rare. The very broad leaved form is designated as forma latifolia (Raf.) House, l.c. HETERANTHERA R. & P. Prodr. FI. Per. 9. 1794 Phrynium Loefl. 1758-Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 3: 318. 190S Leptanthus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 24. pi. 5. 1803 Lunania Raf. Med. Bot. 2: 106. 1830 Heteranthera reniformis R. & P., FI. Per. 1 : 43. 1798 Mud plantain Leptanthus reniformis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 24. 1803 L. virginica Pers. Syn. 1: 56. 1805 Schollera reniformis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 719. 1891 In mud or shallow water. Rare. 208 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Albany, G. IV. Clinton. Fishkill Landing, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2 : 213. 1843). South bay below Hudson, Eaton (Man. Ed. 3, 304. 1822). ZOSTERELLA Small, in Small & Carter, FI. Lancaster Co., 68, 319. 1915 Schollera Schreb. Gen. 785. 1791. Not Roth, 1788 Zosterella dubia ( Jacq.) Small, l.c. Water star grass Commelina dubia Jacq. Obs. Bot. 3: 9. pi. 5Q. 1768 Lcptanthus gramineus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 25. 1803 S'chollcra graminea A. Gray, Man. 51 1. 1848 Hetcranthcra graminea Vahl, Enum. 2: 45. 1806 H. dubia Macmillan, Met. Minn. 138. 1892 Schollera dubia Kuntze, l.c. In still water and on muddy or sandy wet shores. Frequent from Lake Champlain and Lake George southward to Westchester county, westward to the St Lawrence basin, Oneida lake, Lake Ontario and southward, chiefly in the lake region of western New York. Not reported from Long Island and Staten Island. Family 18 JUNCACEAE (Vent.) Dumort. Comm. Bot. 66. 1822 (J oncaccae Vent. 1799) Rush family JUNCUS L. Sp. PI. 325. 1753 1 Juncus inflexus L., l.c. 326 J. glaucus Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 83. 1780 — With. Bot. Arr. Br. PI. ed. 1, 1: 21 1. 1776 Forming dense clumps in wet soil along the Willanoa creek be¬ tween Deansboro and Waterville, Oneida county, House. Appear¬ ing as though indigenous. J. inflexus is of wide distribution throughout the Old World, but appears not to have been previously noted in North America. 2 Juncus effusus L., l.c. 326 Common or soft rush In swamps and moist or wet soil. Very common. Fernald & Wiegand (Rhodora 12: 81-93. 1910), call attention to the fact that the typical form of Europe does not occur in America, but is rep¬ resented by the following varieties in this State : Var. compactus Lejeune & Courtois, FI. Belg. 2: 23. 1831 Rather frequent across the State especially north of the Hudson highlands. Var. solutus Fernald & Wiegand, l.c. 90 annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 209 The common form of the species especially southward in the State and locally northward to the foothills of the Adirondacks, St Lawrence county and westward to Lake Erie. Var. Pylaei (Laharpe) Fernald & Wiegand, l.c. 92 J. Pylaei Laharpe, Mem. Soc. d’Hist. Paris 3: 119. 1827 A rather distinct variety recognized chiefly by the rather rigid perianth, (sepals longer than the petals) which usually exceeds the capsule and contrasts in color with it. Locally frequent throughout the Adirondack mountains and westward to Lake Erie. Doubtless of wider distribution. Var. costulatus Fernald, Rhodora 23: 239. 1922, the coastal plain representative of the more northern and common var. Pylaei. Var. conglomeratus (L.) Engelm. in Gray’s Man. ed. 5, 537. 1867 J. conglomeratus L. Sp. PI. 326. 1753. in part J. Leersii Marsson, FI. Neu Vorpomm. u. Rugen, 451. 1869 Known from Newfoundland to New Jersey, and to be looked for in or near the coastal district of New York. 3 Juncus filiformis L. Sp. PI. 326. 1753 Thread rush In moist or wet soil, especially along the margins of lakes and ponds, slow streams and even in bogs. Common throughout the Adirondack region. Local or rare southward to Oneida lake and westward to Lake Ontario. 1 ■ Head of Oneida lake, Gray; near Sacketts Harbor, Gray (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 144. 1865). Monroe county on shore of Lake Ontario (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: hi. 1896). Lake Bonaparte, Lewis countv, House. Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. 4 Juncus balticus Willd. (Berlin Mag. 3: 298. 1809), var. littoralis Engelm. Trans. St Louis Acad. 2: 442. 1866 Baltic rush On shores and in marshes. Locally abundant throughout the State. Common northward especially along the shores and inlets of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Rare in the Hudson valley and not com¬ mon along the coastal sections of southern New (York, Long Island and Staten Island. Scattered or local throughout the Finger lakes region of western New York and in the swatnps and valleys of the southern tier of counties. The form with lax ind florescence common along the Great Lakes is f. dissitiflorus Engeliri. ; Fernald & Wie¬ gand (Rhodora 25: 208. 1923). 5 Juncus maritimus Lam. Encycl. 3: 264. 17.8 9 Seaside rush Known only from Coney Island, Peck, Britton, Hulst, etc. (Torr. Club Bui. 4 : 24. 1873 — 4 : 40. 1873 — 7: t&; 1880 — 22d Rep’t N. Y. State. Mus, 54. 18^9 — Torreya wi l&. j 1910). 210 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6 Juncus bufonius L. Sp. PI. 328. 1753 Toad rush Borders of streams, lakes and ponds ; roadsides and dried up pools. Common. Var. halophilus Buchenau & Fernald, Rhodora 6: 39. 1904 Long Beach, Long Island, House. Fulton, Oswego county. Shel¬ don; and doubtless elsewhere along the seacoast and about brackish marshes in the interior. 7 Juncus trifidus L. Sp. PI. 326. 1753 Highland rush Mountains of Ulster county, and on the higher Adirondack sum¬ mits. Rare. Mount Marcy, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2: 331. 1843). Wallface Marcy and Whiteface, Peck (54th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 161. 1901). Sam’s point, Ulster county, Austin (Torr. Club Bui. 4: 24. 1873) i Britton (l.c. n : 20. 1884). Lake Mohonk, Peck. The Ulster county form has been placed in the var. monanthos (Jacq.) Bluff & Fingerhuth. Consp. FI. Germ. 1: 440. 1825 (7. monanthus Jacq. Enum. Stirp. Windob. 61, 236. 1762). 8 Juncus Gerardi Lois. Jour, de Bot. 2 : 284. 1809 Black grass J. bulbosus Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 81. Not L. J . attenuatus Viv. FI. Cors. Sp. Nov. 5 J. atrofuscus Rupr. Beitr. Pfl. Russl. 2: 59 Common on the salt marshes and brackish meadows along the coast of Long Island, Staten Island, the Long Island Sound shores of Bronx and Westchester counties and inland at Onondaga lake, Clinton. (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 145. 1865), Sheldon. Griegsville, Wyoming county, Baxter. 9 Juncus Dudleyi Wiegand, Torr. Club Bui. 27 : 524. 1900 Dudley’s rush In damp marl or more rarely in damp sandy soil. Locally abundant from Fulton county west and north to St Lawrence county and Lake Erie. Also on Long Island and Staten Island. Potsdam, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Bonaparte lake, Lewis county, House. Woodville, Jefferson county, House. Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. Oneida, Madison county, House. Bergen swamp, Genesee county, House. Ithaca, Dudley. Truxton, Wiegand. Marl creek, Cortland county, Peck. Gloversville, Fulton county, Olsson. Amagansett, Long Island, Peck. Clove lake, Staten Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 224. 1915). 10 Juncus tenuis Willd. Sp. PI. 2: 214. 1799 Slender yard rush J. aristatus Link. Enum. Hort. Berol. 1 : 306 J. monostichus Bartlett, Rhodora 7: 50. 1905 J. bicornis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 191. 1803 annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 21 1 In dry or moist soil. Very common and variable. The varieties anthelatus Wiegand, and Williamsii Fernald, are easily distinguishable among the numerous collections from New York. 11 Juncus secundus Beauv. ; Poir. Encyc. Suppl. 3: 160. 1813 Secund rush J. tenuis var. secundus Engelm., l.c. 450 In dry soil. Frequent across the State, chiefly south of the Adi- rondacks, but occasionally throughout the mountains at lower eleva¬ tions. Not reported from west of Onondaga county, but probably locally distributed throughout the western counties. Collected at Blue Mountain lake by Peck. 12 Juncus Vaseyi Engelm. Trans. St Louis Acad. 2: 448. 1866 Vasey’s rush Black river, Jefferson county (Fernald in Rhodora 6: 41. 1904). The only record for this State. 13 Juncus Greenei Oakes & Tuckerman, Am. Jour. Sci. 45: 37. 1843 Greene’s rush In moist or dry soil. Uncommon or rare on Staten Island and on Long Island, and inland to Westchester and Ulster counties. 14 Juncus dichotomus Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1 : 416. 1817 Forked rush In dry soil, chiefly south of our borders. Reported as rare near the coast of Long Island and on Staten Island. Also reported from Plum and Fisher’s islands by C. B. Graves. 15 Juncus marginatus Rostk. Monog. June. 38. pi. 2. f. 3. 1801 Grass-leaved rush In moist grassy, usually sandy soil. Frequent on Long Island and Staten Island. Less common northward to the southern foot¬ hills of the Adirondack mountains and westward to Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. 16 Juncus aristulatus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 192. 1803 Large grass-leaved rush J. aristatus Pers. Syn. 1 : 385. 1805 /. biflorus Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 417. 1817 J. marginatus biflorus Wood, Class-book, ed. 2, 725. 1861 J. marginatus aristulatus Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 8: 123. 1893 In moist soil and meadows. Long Island and Staten Island, and near Van Cortlandt Park, New York City. Engelmann (l.c. 455) 212 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM states that J. aristulatus Michx. is exactly the same as J. marginatus Rostk. 17 Juncus stygius L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 987. 1759 Moor rush J. stygius var. americanus Buchenau in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 12 : 39 3. 1890 Sphagnum marshes and borders of ponds and lakes. Rare in northern New York. Perch lake, Jefferson county, Gray (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 331. 1843 — Paine, Cat. 145. 1865) ; station destroyed by the raising of the level of the lake prior to 1865, according to Paine. Boreas pond, Essex county, Peck (27th Rep’t N.Y. State Mus. 113. 1877). Deer pond near North lake, Wilmurt, Herkimer county, Habercr (Rhodora 7: 94. 1905). 18 Juncus pelocarpus E. Meyer, Syn. Luz. 30. 1823 Brown- fruited rush J. fluitans Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 191. 1803. Not Lam. J. viviparus Conrad, .Jour. Acad. Phila. 6: 105. 1828 J. Mnhlcnbergii Spreng. Syst. 2: 106. 1825 J. Conradi Tuckerm. ; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 328. 1843 (On banks and shores of ponds and lakes, and along slow streams, often in shallow water. Locally abundant across the northern part of the State, south to Dutchess county, and reported from Long Island. West Fort Ann, Washington county, Burnham. Sacandaga river, Fulton county, Olsson. Albany, Beck. Lake Harris, Essex county, House. Lake Pleasant, Hamilton county, House. Onondaga lake and mouth of Genesee river, Sartzvell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 145. 1865). North Elba, Essex county, Peck. Norfolk, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Hoysradt. 19 Juncus militaris Bigelow, FI. Bost. ed. 2, 139. 1824 Bayonet rush Shallow margins of lakes, ponds and streams Infrequent or rare, across the northern part of the State and on Long Island. Fine, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. Big Moose, Her¬ kimer county, Peck. (52c! Rep’t 654. 1899). Mud pond and Clear pond near Long lake, Oneida county, Peck (40th Rep’t 52. 1887). Highland lake, Sullivan county, Peck (47th Rep’t 35. 1894) Riverhead, Long Island, Peck (46th Rep’t 50. 1893). Lyn- brook, Long Island, Taylor. 20 Juncus articulatus L. Sp. PI. 327. 1753 Jointed rush Wet or marshy soil. Frequent or locally common from Lake Champlain and Lake George, and Albany county, westward to the ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 213 St Lawrence and Lake Erie. Not reported from the southern coun¬ ties of the State. Var. obtusatus Engelm. ; A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 541. 1867. In¬ frequent and local across the state northward. Stockholm, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. Waterville, Oneida county, House. Var. stolonifer (Wohlleb.) House, comb. nov. J. stolonifer Wohlleb. Suppl. Leys. FI. Hal. 13. 1796 /. rcpcns Nolte, Novit. FI. Hols. 38. 1826 J. radicans Schur. Enum. PI. Transs. 685. 1866 J. latnpocarpus [Race Eu-lampot arpus] (b) stolonifer Aschers. & Graebn. Syn. Mittleeu. FI. 22 : 479. 1904 Stems creeping, rooting at the nodes, where most of the numerous short leaves are clustered ; leaves erect or spreading, 3-8 cm long and taper-pointed, green ; sheaths loose, green with narrow white mem¬ branous margins ; inflorescence usually irregular or small, but flowers and fruit normally like those of the typical species. Sandy beach, south shore of Oneida lake, Madison county, House, 1920. 21 Juncus alpinus Vill. Hist. PI. Dauph. 2: 233. 1787 Alpine rush On sandy or boggy shores. The typical form common in arctic and subarctic America, and reported from Oneida county, Haberer. Var. fuscescens Fernald, Rhodora 10: 48. 1908 Branches of the inflorescence loosely ascending, not strict ; glomer- rules compact and regularly flowered ; flowers greenish or straw- colored. Locally abundant across the State northward, especially along shores of lakes and ponds, southward to Washington, Herki¬ mer and Tompkins counties and westward to Lake Erie. Var. insignis Fries; Engelm. Trans. St Louis Acad. 2: 458. 1866 — Buchenau, Mon. June. 374. 1890 J. affinis R. Br. ; Richardson, App. Frankl. Jour. 735. 1823. Not Gaudin /. Richardsonianus Schultes, Syst. 7: 210. 1829 On sandy or boggy shores and in marshes. Infrequent or local across the northern part of the State and westward to Bergen swamp, Genesee county. Probably of somewhat wider distribution in the State. 22 Juncus nodosus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 466. 1762 Knotted rush In swamps and on wet banks and shores. Common across the State northward and westward to Lake Erie. Less common south¬ ward to Dutchess and Ulster counties and westward in the southern tier of counties. 214 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 23 Juncus Torreyi Coville, Torr. Club Bui. 22: 303. 1895 Torrey’s rush J. nodosus var. mcgaccphalus Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 326. 1843 ]. megacephalus Wood, Class-book, ed. 2, 724. 1861. Not Curtis, 1835 On wet, usually sandy shores, often in shallow water. Infrequent from Fulton county westward along the Great Lakes. Johnstown, Fulton county, A. Olsson. Oneida lake, House. Mud lake, Oswego county, Sheldon. Shore of Lake Ontario, Gray (Tor¬ rey, l.c.). Woodville, Jefferson county, House. Long pond, Mon¬ roe county, Searing (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 112. 1896). Olcott Beach, Niagara county, House. Irondequoit Bay, House. Reported from Long Beach, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 226. 1915 and Calverton, Ferguson (Torr. Club Bui. 51 : 187. 1924). 24 Juncus scirpoides Lam. Encycl. 3: 267. 1789 Scirpus-like rush J. polyccphalus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 192. 1803 On wet sandy shores. Frequent throughout most of the Adiron¬ dack region, westward and southward, and reported from the coastal region. Lake in the north woods; North pond near Alder creek, Oneida county ; shore of Lake Ontario near Sackett’s Harbor, Gray; Can- aderaga lake outlet, Otsego county ; southern Oneida county and Madison county, Gray; Yates county, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 144. 1865). Monroe county, Booth, and Wayne county, Wright (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 112. 1896). South side of Long Island and on Staten Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 226. 1915). Staten Island, Austin. Amagansett and Yaphank, Long Island, Peck. 25 Juncus brachycephalus (Engelm.) Buchenau, in Engler, Bot. Tahrb. 12: 268. 1890 Small-headed rush J. polychephalus var. (?) depauperatus Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 327. 1843 J. canadensis var. brachycephalus Engelm. Trans. St Louis Acad. 2: 474. 186S In moist or wet sandy soil. Infrequent but widely distributed across the State outside of the Adirondacks, westward to the St Lawrence, Lake Erie and southward to Columbia, Tompkins, Tioga and Chautauqua counties. Western New York, Gray, Sartwell, Vasey, Clinton (Engelm. l.c.) . Washington county, Burnham. Herkimer county, Haherer. Tatuesville, Onondaga county and Sevey, St Lawrence county, Peck. (Mus. Bui. 139: 24. 1910 — 105: 24. 1906). West Dandy, Tompkins county, Dudley. Waverly, Tioga county, Fenno. Mum- ford, Monroe county, E. J. Hill (Torr. Club Bui. 8: 47. 1881). Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 30. 1910). Watkins, Peck. Copake Falls, Columbia county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 226. 1915). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 215 26 Juncus canadensis J. Gay; Laharpe, Mon. June. 134. 1825 Canada rush J. polycephalus var. paradoxus Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 327. 1843 /. paradoxus A. Gray. Not Meyer /. canadensis var. longicaudatus Engelm., l.c. 474 Marshy places. Frequent or common throughout the State. Var. subcaudatus Engelm., l.c., (J. subcaudatus Coville & Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 21: 119. 1919) less common or local and chiefly in the coastal region. 27 Juncus brevicaudatus Fernald, Rhodora 6 : 35. 1904 Narrow-panicled rush J. canadensis var. brevicaudatus Engelm., l.c. 436 (without descr.) /. canadensis var. coartatus Engelm., l.c. 474 J. acmninatus Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 327. 1843. Not Michx. 1803 Wet soil, marshes and boggy shores. Common northward across the State, westward to Lake Erie. Less frequent southward to Orange county and not reported from Long Island or Staten Island. 28 Juncus paradoxus E. Meyer, Syn. June. 30. 1822 Sharp-fruited rush /. acuminatus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 192. 1803. Not Balbis, 1801 J. pallescens E. Meyer, l.c. 31 J. sylvaticus Muhl. Cat. 36. 1814. Not Fluds. /. fraternus Kunth, Enum. PI. 3: 340. 1841 /. Pondii Wood, Class-book, 724. 1861 In wet soil and on marshy shores. Frequent or common through¬ out the State, but apparently rare or at least not reported from the northern counties and the northern and higher Adirondacks. 29 Juncus debilis A. Gray, Man. 506. 1848 Weak rush Reported from Bellport, Long Island, and Staten Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 227. 1915). JUNCOIDES Adans. Fam. PI. 2 : 47. 1763 Luzula DC. FI. Fr. 3: 158. 1805 I un codes (Moehring, 1736), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 722. 1891 Cy per el la (Cram. 1744) MacM. Met. Minn. 142. 1893 i Juncoides Carolinae (S. Wats.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 724. 1891 Hairy wood rush L. pilosa Muhl. Gram. 200. 1817. Not Willd. L. carolinae S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 302. 1879 L. vernalis Wats. & Coult. ; Gray, Man. ed. 6, 546. 1890. Not Lam. Juncoides pilosum Coville, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 108. 1894. Not Kuntze, 1891 L. saltuensis Fernald, Rhodora 5: 195. 1903 Juncoides saltuensis Heller, Muhlenbergia 6: 12. 1910 2l6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In woods and thickets. Frequent or common across the State, but not reported from the coastal region of the State. Fernald describes the northern form L. saltuensis as dis¬ tinct from L. C a r o 1 i n a e. Material available is not sufficient to pass on the question. Britton & Brown consider them identical, and the seventh edition of Gray’s Manual extends the range of L. s a 1 u t e n s i s southward to the Carolinas, which is the type locality of L. Carol in ae. From descriptions alone they seem very much the same. 2 Juncoides nemorosum (Poll.) Kuntze, l.c. 724 Forest wood rush Juncus nemorosus Poll. Hist. PI. Pal. 1: 352. 1776. Luzula nemorosa E. Meyer, Linnaea 21 : 395. 1848 Native of Europe and naturalized at Riverdale, New York City, and at Niagara Falls (Ont.). 3 Juncoides parviflorum (Ehrh.) Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4:209. 1893 Small-flowered wood rush Juncus parviflorus Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 139. 1791 Luzula parviflora Desv. Jour. Bot. 1: 144. 1808 Juncus mclanocarpus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 190. 1803 L, melanocarpa Desv., l.c. 142. t. 5. f. 2. Wooded slopes and ravines in the higher Adirondack region. Frequent on all of the higher mountains of Essex county, and locally in Franklin, Hamilton and Herkimer counties. 4 Juncoides spicatum (L.) Kuntze, l.c. 725 Spiked wood rush Juncus spicatus L. Sp. PI. 330. 1753 L.uzula spicata DC. FI. Fr. 3: 161. 1805 Wallface mountain and Indian Pass, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 135. 1899 — 54: 959. 1902). 5 Juncoides intermedium (Thuill.) Rydb. Torr. Club Bui. 32: 610. 1905 Common wood rush Juncus multiflorus Ehrh. in Hoffm. PI. Deutsch. ed. 2, 1: 169. 1800. Not Retz. 1795 J. intermedins Thuill. FI. Env. Paris, ed. 2, 178. 1799 J^uzula crccta Desv. Jour. Bot. 1: 156. 1808 L. multiflora Lejeune, FI. Spa. 1: 169. 1811 J. liniger Purton, Br. PI. Midland Co. 352. pi. p. 1817 Cyperella campestris var. multiflora MacM., l.c. 143 Juncoides campestris var. multiflorum Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Stud. 1 : 65. 1894 Juncoides multiflorum Druce, Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 42. 1904 Luzula intermedia A. Nelson, New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mts. 109. 1909 In woodlands and fields. Very common throughout the State. Formerly reported as Luzula campestris. The species exhibits considerable variation, but as typical European J. annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 217 campestre is not represented in America, it may best be con¬ sidered as a distinct species. Var. echinatum (Small) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 59- 1923- Juncoides echinatum Small, Torreya 1: 74. 1901 Luzula multiflora var. echinata Fernald & Wiegand, Rhodora 15: 42. 1913 J. campestre echinatum Coville & Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 21: 119. 1919 Inflorescence looser and rarely with more than one of the heads sessile, others more spreading (often widely divergent) longer rays (up to 5.5 cm long). A southern variety reported northward to the coastal region of Massachusetts, and which may he looked for in southern New York. Family 19 MELANTHACEAE R. Br. Prodr. 1: 272. 1810 Bunchflower family TRIANTHELLA House, Am. Mid. Nat. 7: 127. 1921 T o f i e 1 d i a , Sect. T r i a n t h a Nutt. Gen. 1 : 235. 1818 Triant ha Baker, Jour. Linn. Soc. 17: 490. 1879. Not Trianthus Hook. f. FI. Antart. 2: 320. 1846 Asphodeliris Moehr. ; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 706. 1891, in part Trianthella glutinosa (Michx.) House, l.c. Narthecium glutinosum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 210. 1803 Tofieldia glutinosa Pers. Syn. x: 399. 1805 Triantha glutinosa Baker, l.c. A. glutinosa Kuntze, l.c. In marly bogs. Rare. Formerly in Lodi swamp, Syracuse, IVibbe (27th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 113. 1877) ; Underwood, Sheldon, Peck etc. Common in Bergen swamp, Genesee county. HELONIAS L. Sp. PI. 342. 1753 Helonias bullata L., l.c. Swamp pink Rossville, Staten Island, Britton & Hollick (Torr. Club Bui. 9: 101. 1882). CHAMAELIRIUM Willd. Mag. Nat. Fr. Berlin 2: 19. 1808 Sira it os Raf. FI. Tellur. 4: 26. 1838 Chamaelirium luteum (L.) A. Gray, Man. 503. 1848 Blazing star V eratrum luteum L. Sp. PI. 1044. 1753 C. carolinianum Willd., l.c. 19 Helonias lutea Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 2: 330 H. dioica Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 243. 1814. Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 318. 1843 Ophiostachys virginica Delile, in Red. Lil. t. 464. 1816 Siraitos aquaticus Raf. l.c. 27. 2l8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Moist meadows and thickets. Rensselaer county westward to Lake Erie and southward. Common in many portions of Long Island and Staten Island. jPoestenkill, Rensselaer county, Wright & Hall (Cat. PI. Troy, 20. 1836). Nassau, Wibbe (31st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 53. 1879). Owasco lake, Cayuga county, Hall; Yates county, Sartwell; Roches¬ ter, Z. H. Harris, Bradley, and Montgomery county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 190. 1865). Onondaga Valley, Goodrich (PI. Onon. Co. 62. 1912). Caledonia, Livingston county Beckwith (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: no. 1896). Broome county, Millspaugh. Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. Collins, Erie county, Perkins. Buffalo, Day (PI. Buffalo, 19. 1883). Catskill, Eaton (Man. Ed. 3, 303. 1822). CHROSPERMA Raf. Neogent. 3. 1825 Amianthium A. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 4: 121. 1837 Chrosperma muscaetoxicum (Walt.) Kuntze; Rev. Gen. PI. 708. 1891 Fly poison Melanthium muscaetoxicum Walt. FI. Car. 125. 1788 M. laetum Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew. x: 488. 1789 A. muscaetoxicum A. Gray, l.c. 122 In dry sandy woods, western Long Island, south of the moraine. Rare. Apparently once more abundant there before the growth of greater New York. ANTICLEA Kunth, Enum. 4: 191. 1843 Anticlea glauca (Nutt.) Kunth, l.c. 192 False asphodel Melanthium glaucum Nutt. Gen. 1: 232. 1818 Zygadenus glaucus Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. (II) 7: 56. 1834 Z. chloranthus Richardson, Frankl. Jour. 736. 1821 Z. commutatus Schultes, Syst. 7: 1560. 1830 A. chlorantha Rydb. Torr. Club. Bui. 30: 273. 1903 Z. elegans of N. Y. Reports, not of Pursh On wet calcareous banks or in marly bogs. Rare. Gravelly banks of the St Lawrence (according to Nuttall). About the falls of Niagara and on Lake Erie, Torrcy (FI. N. Y. 2: 316. 1843). Syracuse, Wibbe (27th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 113. 1877), station now destroyed. Caledonia, Livingston county and Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 143. 1865) ; Clinton ( 19th Rep’t Regents 79. 1866). Mumford, Genesee county, E. J. Hill (Torr. Club Bui. 8:45. 1881) ; Beckwith (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3 : hi. 1896). Sullivans, Ontario county, Suydam (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 80. 1917)- annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 219 OCEANORUS Small, FI. SE. U. S. 252. 1903 Oceanorus leimanthoides (A. Gray) Small, l.c. Pine-barren oceanorus Amianthium leimanthoides A. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 4: 125.. 1837 Zygadcnus leimanthoides S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 280. 1879 Rockville Center, Long Island, Bickncll (Torreya 10: 83. 1910). MELANTHIUM L. Sp. PI. 339. 1753 1 Melanthium virginicum L., l.c. Bunchflower In meadows, wet woods and marshes, southern part of the State. Rare. Tarrytown, E. C. Howe (Torr. Club Bui. 9: 35. 1882). Staten Island, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2 : 316. 1843). Long Island, Taylor. 2 Melanthium latifolium Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 4: 25. 1797 Crisped bunchflower In dry woods and on hillsides, southern part of the State. Rare. Bronx, Westchester and Rockland counties, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 230. 1915). Scarsdale, Willis (Torr. Club Bui. 11 : 21. 1884). Orange county, Horton (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 316. 1843, and *n Beck herbarium). VERATRUM L. Sp. PI. 1044. 1753 Veratrum viride Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 422. 1789 American white hellebore, Indian poke V. album Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 249. 1803. Not L. 1753 In swamps and wet woods. Frequent or common throughout the eastern, northern and central portions of the State. Less frequent or rare westward to Lake Erie and southward to Long Island. Ascends to the summit of Mount Marcy. Family 20 LILIACEAE Zinn, Cat. PI. Hort. Goett. 1757 Lily family HEMEROC ALLIS L. Sp. PI. 324. 1753 1 Hemerocallis fulva L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 462. 1762 Day lily H. Lilio-Asphodelus P. fulvus L. Sp. PI. 324. 1753 Native of Europe and Asia. Common in cultivation and es¬ tablished or naturalized along roadsides, in old yards and waste ground. Sometimes along streams and in meadows. 2 Hemerocallis flava L., Sp. PI. ed. 2, 462. 1762 Yellow day lily H. Lilio-Asphodelus a. flavus L. Sp. PI. 324. 1753 220 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Native of southern Europe. Common in cultivation and occa¬ sionally established by roadsides in eastern and southern New York and locally elsewhere. ALLIUM L. Sp. PI. 294. 1753 V a 1 i d a 1 1 i u m Small, FI. SE. U. S. 264. 1903 Ophioscorodon Wallr. Sched. Crit. 129. 1822 Cepa (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 Porrum (Tourn.) Mill., l.c. Moly (Boerh.) Moench, Meth. 286. 1794 I Allium tricoccum Ait. Hort. Kew. 1 : 428. 1789 Wild leak Ophioscorodon tricoccum Wallr., l.c. (tricoccon). Validallium tricoccum Small, l.c. In rich woods. Frequent or common across the State. Less com¬ mon in the northern counties and in the western part of the State. Infrequent on Long Island. 2 Allium sibiricum L. Mant. 2: 562. 1771 Chives, rush garlic In moist soil and on rocky ledges and shores. Northern part of the State, chiefly in St Lawrence, Lewis and Jefferson counties. Infrequent, rare or locally abundant. 3 Allium cernuum Roth, Arch. 1: part 3, 40. 1789 Nodding wild onion Moist soil in open woods and thickets, and on banks, Chemung, Tioga, Schuyler and Seneca counties westward. Infrequent. 4 Allium vineale L. Sp. PI. 299. 1753 Wild garlic Naturalized from Europe, and locally frequent across the state, especially southward. 5 Allium canadense L. Sp. PI. 1195. 1753 Meadow garlic In moist meadows and thickets. Widely distributed across the State from Lake Champlain to St Lawrence county westward and southward, but not reported from the Adirondack and Catskill mountains. Most abundant in the alluvial meadows of the Hudson, Mohawk and other large stream valleys. LILIUM L. Sp. PI. 302. 1753 1 Lilium philadelphicum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 435. 1762 Red lily, Wood lily, Philadelphia lily ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 221 In dry woods and thickets, usually in sandy soil. Locally common across the State. Rare in the northern counties and rarely found above 1500 feet altitude in the Adirondacks. Rare on eastern Long Island and south of the moraine. Very common on the sandy plains of Albany, Oneida and Monroe counties. Forma flaviflorum, E. F. Williams, (Rhodora 15: 218. 1913) with yellow flowers. Rare, Karner, Albany county, House. 2 Lilium canadense L. Sp. PI. 303. 1753 Wild yellow lily, Canada or nodding lily In swamps, low meadows and thickets. Common or frequent throughout the State. 3 Lilium superbum L. Sp. PI ed. 2, 434. 1762. Turk’s-cap lily In meadows and marshes. Frequent or common on Long Island and Staten Island. Less common northward to Albany county and westward to Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. 4 Lilium tigrinum Andr. Bot. Rep. 9: errata. 1809 — Ker. Bot. Mag. t. 1237. 1809 Tiger lily Native of China and Japan. Common in cultivation and tending to become established in some localities. ERYTHRONIUM L. Sp. PI. 305. 1753 1 Erythronium americanum Ker. Bot. Mag. pi. 1113. 1808 Yellow adder’s-tongue, Dog’s-tooth violet E. angustatum Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 354. 1808 E. bracteatum Bigel. ; Beck Bot. 365. 1833 E. Dens-canis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 198. 1803. Not L. 1753 E. lanceolatum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 230. 1814 In moist woods and thickets. Common north of the coastal plain. Very rare in the pine-barrens of Long Island and unknown on the south side of Long Island (according to Taylor). 2 Erythronium albidum Nutt. Gen. 1 : 223. 1818 White adder’s-tongue In moist woods and thickets. Infrequent or rare from Rensselaer county westward and southward. Meadows north of Albany, Wright & Hall (Cat. PI. Troy, 17. 1836). Albany, Beck. Eights (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 307. 1843). Albany, Eaton; Delaware county, B. D. Gilbert (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 143. 1865). Oxford, Chenango county, Coznlle (Torr. 222 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Club Bul. 12: 53. 1885). Scarce in Wayne and Monroe counties (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: no. 1896). Buffalo, Clinton (19th Rep’t Regents 205. 1866). W. Seneca and Alden, Erie county, Day (PI. Buffalo 80. 1883). Collins, Dr Anne E. Perkins. ORNITHOGALUM L. Sp. PI. 306. 1753 1 Ornithogalum umbellatum L., l.c. 307 Star-of-Bethlehem In fields and meadows. Locally common. Naturalized from Europe or escaped from cultivation. 2 Ornithogalum nutans L., l.c. 308 Local or rare as an escape from cultivation. Owasco lake, Dr IV. J. Nellis. MUSCARI Mill. Gard. Diet. abr. ed. 4. 1754 1 Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 1. 1768 Grape hyacinth Hyacinthus botryoides L. Sp. PI. 318. 1753 In meadows, thickets and along roadsides. Escaped from gardens. Native of southern Europe. 2 Muscari racemosum (L.) Mill. l.c. No. 2 Starch grape hyacinth Hyacinthus raccmosus L., l.c. Escaped from gardens in southern New York. Native of Europe. ALETRIS L. Sp. PI. 319. 1753 Aletris farinosa L., l.c. Star grass, ague or colic root A. alba Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 189. 1803 In dry, mostly sandy soil, southern part of the State, northward to Bronx and Westchester counties. Locally common on Long Island and Staten Island. Family 21 CONVALLARIACEAE Link, Handb. 1: 184. 1829 Lily-of-the-vallev family ASPARAGUS L. Sp. PI. 313. 1753 Asparagus officinalis L., l.c. Asparagus Escaped from cultivation and naturalized in many sections of the State. Native of Europe. annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 223 CLINTONIA Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 266. 1818 1 Clintonia boreals (Ait.) Raf. Atl. Jour. 120. 1832 Yellow clintonia, dogberry Dracaena borealis Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 454. 1789 Smilacina borealis Ker. Bot. Mag. t. 1403. 1808 C. mutans Raf. Ann. Nat. 16. 1920 In moist woods and thickets. Common throughout the northern and central portions of the State, south to the Catskills, Hudson high¬ lands and Sam’s Point, Ulster county (Britton). Rare or local westward in the State. Forma lateralis Peck, in the Adirondacks and at Cooperstown Junction, Peck. Forma albicarpa Killip, with white fruit, at Fourth lake, Herkimer county, Killip; New London, Oneida county, House; and Newcomb, Essex county, House. 2 Clintonia umbellulata (Michx.) Shafer, Ann. Carneg. Mus. 1: 109. 1902 White clintonia Dracaena umbellulata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 202. 1803 C. ciliata Raf. Jour. Phys. 89: 102. 1819 C. podanisia, parviftora, & odorata Raf. Ann. Nat. 16. 1820 C. umbellata Torr. FI. N. Y. 2:301. 1843 C. umbellulata Torr.; Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. Ed. 2, x: 515,. 1913 In woods throughout the western and southwestern parts of the State, chiefly in Erie, Steuben, Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties. VAGNERA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 496. 1763 Tovaria Neck. Elem. 3: 190. 1790 — Baker, Jour. Linn. Soc. 14: 567. 1875. Not Tovara Adans. Polygonastrum Moench, Meth. 637. 1794 Smilacina Desf. Ann. Mus. Paris 9: 51. 1807 1 Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 114. 1894 Wild or false spikenard Convallaria racemosa L. Sp. PI. 315. 1753 Tovaria racemosa Neck., l.c. Smilacina racemosa Desf., l.c. Maianthemum racemosum Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1 : 343 In moist woods and thickets. Common across the State except in the higher Adirondacks and Catskills, where it is rare or absent. 2 Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong, l.c. Star-flowered Solomon’s seal Convallaria stellata L., l.c. 316 Smilacina stellata Desf., l.c. Maianthemum stellatum Link, l.c. Unifolium stellatum Greene, Torr. Club Bui. 15: 287. 1888 224 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In moist soil. Frequent or common across the State north of the Hudson highlands and outside of the higher Adirondacks. Rare on Staten Island and Long Island. 3 Vagnera trifolia (L.) Morong, l.c. Three-leaved Solomon’s seal Convallaria trifolia L., l.c. Tovaria trifolia Neck, l.c. Smilacina trifolia Desf., l.c. Unifolium trifolium Greene, l.c. In bogs and in wet or mossy woods. Common throughout the Adirondack region, the northern counties and in nearly all of the cold sphagnum swamps and bogs of central New York. Rare southward to Chenango, Orange and Dutchess counties and west¬ ward to Bergen swamp, Genesee county, southern Erie county and Machias, Cattaraugus county. UNIFOLIUM Haller; Zinn, Cat. PI. Hort. Goett. 104. 1757 Styrandra Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 266. 1818 Maianthemum Wigg. Prim. FI. Hols. 14. 1780 Hi folium G. Gaertn., Mey. & Schreb. FI. Wett. 1: 175. 1799 Unifolium canadense (Desf.) Greene, Torr. Club Bui. 15: 287. 1888 Two-leaved Solomon’s seal, false or wild lily-of-the-valley Maianthemum canadense Desf. Ann. Mus. Paris 9: 54. 1807 Smilacina bifolia Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 299. 1843 Smilacina canadensis Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 233. 1814 Styrandra canadensis Raf., l.c. In moist woods and thickets. Common throughout the State except on the coastal plain, where it is rare or local. Common on or near to the highest summits of the Adirondack and Catskill mountains. Var. interius (Fernald) comb. nov. ( M . canadense var. interim Fernald, Rhodora 16: 21 1. 1914), with stem, rachis and leaves more or less pilose. Woods on sand dunes, Woodville, Jefferson county, House. Sandy Creek, Fernald & IViegand (Rhodora 25: 209. 1923). DISPORUM Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. 1: 331. 1812 Prosartes Don, Ann. Nat. Hist. 4 : 341. 1840 Disporum lanuginosum (Michx.) Nichols. Diet. Card. 1: 485. 1884 Hairy disporum Streptopus lanuginosus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. x: 201. 1803 Prosartes lanuginosa Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 18: 532. 1841 In woods and thickets. Infrequent or rare from Broome, Tomp- ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 225 kins, Chenango and Oneida counties westward. Increasingly fre¬ quent toward the southwestern part of the State. vk\ :v\A - UVULARIA L. Sp. PI. 304. 1753 1 Uvularia perfoliata L. l.c. Perfoliate bellwort In moist woods and thickets. Frequent across the State chiefly south of the Adirondacks. Rare or at least not reported from the northern counties and the higher and northern Adirondack region. 2 Uvularia grandiflora J. E. Smith, Exot. Bot. 1: 99. pi. 51. 1804 Large-flowered bellwort U. perfoliata var. major Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 199. 1803 In rich woods. Common or frequent across the State. Rare or local on Long Island and Staten Island. Not reported from North Elba by Peck, but frequent in most parts of the Adirondack region and the northern counties. OAKESIELLA Small, FI. SE. U.S. 271. 1903 Oakesia S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 269. 1879. Not Tuckerm. 1842 Oakesiella sessilifolia (L.) Small, l.c. Sessile-leaved bellwort Uvularia sessilifolia L. Sp. PI. 305.. 1753 Oakesia sessilifolia S. Wats., l.c. In moist woods, thickets and openings. Frequent or common throughout the State, especially in sandy soils, except in the pine- barrens of Long Island. STREPTOPUS Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 200. 1803 1 Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. FI. Fr. 3: 174. 1803 Clasping-leaved twisted stalk Uvularia amplexifolia L. Sp. PI. 304. 1753 S. distortus Michx., l.c. S. amplexicaulis Poir, Diet. 7: 467. 1806 S. amplexifolius var. americanus R. & S. Syst. 7: 31 1. 1829 In moist, wet or cold mossy woods and swamps. Common across the northern part of the State and locally common in deep cold swamps southward to the mountains of Greene and Ulster counties, and in Otsego, southern Herkimer, Oneida and Madison counties. Not reported from west of Onondaga county. 8 226 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Streptopus roseus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. i: 201. pi. 18. 1803 Sessile-leaved twisted stalk Uvularia rosea Pers. Syn. 1: 360. 1805 Hexorima dichotoma Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 351. 1808 In moist or rocky woods. Common across the State northward. Less frequent southward to Westchester county and in the western counties of the State. POLYGONATUM (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. abr. ed. 4. 1754 Solomonia Heist. ; Fabr. Enum. PI. Hort. Helmst. 20. 1759 Evallaria Neck. Elem. 3: 189. 1790 1 Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. Bot. S.C. & Ga. 1: 393. 1817 Small smooth Solomon’s seal Convallaria biflora Walt. FI. Car. 122. 1788 C. augustifolia Eaton, Man. 213. 1818 P. angustifolium Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 234. 1814 Solomonia biflora Farwell, Rep. Comm. Parks Detroit 11 : 53. 1900 In woods and thickets, southeastern part of the State. Appar¬ ently confined to the lowlands and sandy or light soils of the coastal region. Var. hebetifolium Gates (Torr. Club Bui. 44: 121 1917), occurs on Staten Island (Britton). 2 Polygonatum pubescens (Willd.) Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 234. 1814 Hairy Solomon’s seal Convallaria pubescens Willd. Hort. Berol. 45. pi. 45. 1813 P. biflorum A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 466. 1856; Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. Ed. 2, 1: 521. f. 1295. 1913, as to plant described; not Ell. P. borealc Greene, Leaflets 1: 181. 1906 In woods and thickets. Common throughout most sections of the State north of the moraine on Long Island. Forms of this rather variable species are described as var. cuneatum Farwell (Torr. Club Bui. 42: 253. 1915; P. cuneatum Greene); and var. australe (Farwell) Gates (Torr. Club Bui. 44: 119. 1917). This is the common species throughout the woodlands of nearly all sec¬ tions of the State. 3 Polygonatum commutatum (J. A. & J. H. Schult.) Dietr. ; Otto & Dietr. Gartenz. 3 : 223. 1835 Tall Solomon’s seal Convallaria commutata J. A. & T. H. Schult. Syst. 7: 1671. 1830 P. latifolium var. commutatum Baker, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14: 555. 1875 P. biflorum commutatum Morong, Torr. Qub Mem. 5; 115. 1894 Salomonia commutata Britton, Man. 273. 1901 annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 227 In woods and thickets, chiefly in moist or alluvial soil. Frequent and widely distributed across the State south of the Adirondacks. Cold Spring, Putnam county, Peck. Portage, Peck. Bushnell, Monroe county, House. Stems ll/2 to 3 feet tall, plant glabrous sometimes slightly glaucous; leaves 9 to 17 in number, sessile, the lower somewhat clasping, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 7-1 1 nerved; flowers usually 3 (sometimes 3-4) in a cluster, very slender, 16-18 mm long. 4 Polygonatum giganteum Dietr. ; l.c. 222 Giant Solomon’s seal P. biflorum var. giganteum Wood, Bot. & Flor. 346. 1870 P. canaliculatum giganteum Farwell, Torr. Club Bui. 42: 256. 1915 In woods and thickets, usually in moist or alluvial soil. Frequent or common across the State outside of the higher mountains. Menands, Albany county, Peck. Wemple, Albany county, House. Rensselaer, House. Ithaca, C. S. Sheldon. Oneida, Madison county, House. Stems 2 to 7 feet tall, with 21 to 36 elliptic-lanceolate to ellip¬ tical leaves, all but the uppermost strongly clasping, sometimes slightly pubescent beneath especially when young, 11 to 17 nerved; flowers twice as broad but only a little longer than the preceding, in clusters of 3 to 9; mature fruit darker blue and larger. CON V ALL ARIA L. Sp. PI. 314. 1753 Majanthemum [Silg. 1736] Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 981. 1891 Convallaria majalis L., l.c. Lily-of-the-valley M. majalis Kuntze, l.c. Common in cultivation and occasionally escaped to fields and roadsides. Native of Europe. Family 22 TRILLIACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 347. 1836 Wake robin family MEDEOLA L. Sp. 339. 1753 Medeola virginiana L., l.c. Indian cucumber root In moist woods and thickets. Common in most parts of the State. TRILLIUM L. Sp. PI. 339. 1753 1 Trillium sessile L. Sp. PI. 340. 1753 Sessile-flowered wake robin In moist woods and thickets. Rare. Near Irondequoit bay, Monroe county, L. Holder, May 1863 (in state herbarium). 228 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. Par. Lond. i: pi. I. 1805 White trillium, large-flowered wake robin T. rhomboideum var. grandiflorum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 216. 1803 In rich woods, thickets and openings. Frequent or common. The so-called Var. variegatum Peck, is common in Onondaga county, and locally elsewhere. Monstrous forms with sepals and petals transformed into leaves, or with long-petioled leaves, are also found in Onondaga county (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 35. 1906). A double-flowered form is reported from Howe’s Cave, ( F . W. Kelley, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167: 35. 1913). A form with 5 leaves and flowers 5-parted, at Newport, Herkimer county Geo. S. Graves (state herbarium). 3 Trillium erectum L. Sp. PI. 340. 1753 Red trillium, birthroot T. rhomboideum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 215. 1803 In woods and clearings. Common except on Long Island and Staten Island where it is scarce, at least south of the moraine. Forms with white or yellowish flowers are frequent. Var. declinatum A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 523. 1878 ( T . declinatam Gleason, Torr. Club. Bui. 33: 389. 1906), occurs on Long Island, Isaac Coles (state herbarium). West Rush, Monroe county, Baxter & Streeter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 30. 1910). Newark, Wayne county, Hankenson. Perhaps of wider distribution in the State. 4 Trillium cernuum L. Sp. PI. 339. 1753 Nodding wake robin In rich, usually moist woods. Infrequent but widely distributed. Scarce on Long Island, more abundant northward to Washington, Saratoga and Fulton counties, westward to St Lawrence county. Rare westward in the State to Wayne, Orleans and Erie counties. Var. macranthum Eames & Wiegand (Rhodora 25: 191. 1923) with more showy flowers, petals often obovate, anthers longer, and longer peduncles, is recorded from Dryden, Eames & MacDaniels, and Lisbon, Phelps. 5 Trillium undulatum Willd. Neue Schrift. Gesell. Nat. Fr. Berlin 3: 422. 1801 Painted wake robin T. erythrocarpum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 216. 1803 T. acuminatutn Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 361. 1808 In woods. Locally common throughout the State. Reported but not definitely known from Long Island. Infrequent in the western counties of the State. A form with 6 leaves and flowers 6-divided collected at Oswego by J. H. Wibbe, several years ago, and Emma Thomas has collected a form with 4 leaves and flowers 4-divided. annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 229 Family 23 SMILACEAE Vent. Tabl. 2 : 146. 1799 Smilax Family SMILAX L. Sp. PI. 1028. 1753 Section 1 Coprosmanthus (Kunth) Engler Nemexia Raf. Neogent. 3. 1825 Coprosmanthus Kunth, Abh. Akad. Berl. 35. 1848 — Enum. PI. 5: 263. 1850 1 Smilax herbacea L., l.c. 1030. Carrion flower .S', peduncularis Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 786. 1805 N. cerulea, and N. nigra Raf., l.c. Coprosmanthus herbaceus Kunth, Enum. PI. 5: 264. 1850 N. herbacea Small, FI. SE. U. S. 281. 1903 In woods and thickets. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State outside of the higher Adirondacks, and apparently rare or not reported from the northern tier of counties. 2 Smilax pulverulenta Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 238. 1803 S. herbacea var. pulverulenta A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 1868 N. pulverulenta Small, l.c. In woods and thickets. Rare in the southern part of the State. Van Cortlandt Park, Pennell. Bartow, Taylor (Torreya 10: 147. 1910). Farwell (2d Rept. Mich. Acad. Sci. 42. 1901), regards this as identical with Smilax humilis Miller (Gard. Diet, ed 8, No. 11. 1768) and calls it S. herbacea var. humilis. 3 Smilax tamnifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 238. 1803 Halberd-leaved smilax Coprosmanthus tamnifolia Kunth, l.c. 267 Nemexia tamnifolia Small, l.c. In dry soil. Infrequent south of the moraine on Long Island. Section 2, Eusmilax DC. Par ill ax Raf. Neogent. 3. 1825, 4 Smilax glauca Walt. FI. Car. 245. 1788 Glaucous-leaved greenbrier In dry sandy soil. Common on Long Island, Staten Island, and less frequent northward into Westchester county. 5 Smilax rotundifolia L. Sp. PI. 1030. 1753 Catbrier, greenbrier S. caduca L., l.c. 5. quadrangularis Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 775. 1805 230 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In woods and thickets. Frequent across the State southward. Less frequent or local northward to Rensselaer, Saratoga and Lewis counties and the Ontario lowlands. 6 Smilax hispida Muhl. ; Torr. FI. N. Y. 2 : 302. 1843 Hispid catbrier In woods, thickets and wooded swamps. Infrequent or local across the State from Rensselaer county to St Lawrence county, the Ontario lowlands and Lake Erie. Common southward. Family 24 HAEMODORACEAE R. Br. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 1 : 299. 1810 Bloodwort family GYROTHECA Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. 1: 327. 1812 Lachnanthes Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1 : 47. 1816 Gyrotheca tinctoria (Walt.) Salisb., l.c. Red root, paint root Anonymo iinctori Walt. FI. Car. 68. 1788 Dilatris caroliniana Lam. Ill. 1: 127. 1791 Heritiera Gmelini Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 21. 1803 Dilatris tinctoria Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 30. 1814 Lachnanthes tinctoria Ell., l.c. Gyrotheca capitata Morong, Torr. Club. Bui. 20: 472. 1893 Sandy swamps on Long Island. Very rare. Manor, Peck. Ronkonkoma, Harper (Torreya 17: 108. 1917). Family 25 LEUCOJACEAE Batsch, Gen. PI. Jenens. 10, 30. 1786 AMARYLLIDACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 328. 1836 Amaryllis family NARCISSUS L. Sp. PI. 289. 1753 1 Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus L. l.c. Daffodil Native of southern Europe. Escaped from cultivation and occasionally established. 2 Narcissus poeticus L. l.c. Poet’s narcissus Native of Europe and locally escaped from cultivation, but rarely established. HYPOXIS L. Syst. ed. 10, 2: 986. 1759 Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville, Torr. Club Bui. 5: 118. 1894 Yellow star grass Ornithogalum hirsutum L. Sp. PI. 306. 1753 Hypoxis erecta L. Syst. Ed. 10, 2: 986. 1759 H. caroliniamnn Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 188. 1803 (narrow-leaved phase) H. graminis. Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 224. 1814 H. grandis Pollard; Small, FI. S. E. U. S. 287. 1903 (broad-leaved phase) ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 2$1 In dry, usually sandy soil. Locally common across the State from Rensselaer and Saratoga counties westward to Oswego and Oneida counties, the Ontario lowlands and Lake Erie. More abundant southward in the State. GALANTHUS L. Sp. PI. 288. 1753 Galanthus nivalis L., l.c. Snowdrop Native of Europe. Common in cultivation and often persistent about old yards and dwellings. Sometimes spreading into meadows and along roadsides. LEUCOJUM L. Sp. PI. 289. 1753 1 Leucojum vernum L., l.c. Spring snowflake Native of central Eroupe. Common in cultivation and occasionally found as an escape, or persisting about old dwellings and yards. 2 Leucojum aestivum L. Syst. ed. 10, 2 : 957. 1759 Summer snowflake Native of central and southern Europe. Common in cultivation. Often persistent in old yards. Near Peterboro, Madison county, escaped and spreading throughout a sweetflag (Calamus) marsh. Family 26 TAMACEAE S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 189 1821 DIOSCOREACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. Ed. 2, 359. 1836 Yam family DIOSCOREA (Plum.) L. Sp. PI. 1032. 1753 1 Dioscorea villosa L. l.c. 1033 Wild yam root D. paniculata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 239. 1803 — Bartlett, U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. PI. Ind. Bui. 189: 15. 1910 In moist thickets. Infrequent in the lower Hudson valley and on Long Island, perhaps also on Staten Island. Rare in the lower Susquehanna valley of New York and in Cayuga, Chautauqua and Erie counties. Riverhead, Long Island, Peck. Broome, Tioga and Chemung counties, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 108. 1898). Owasco lake, Hall (Paine, Cat. 140. 1865). Black Rock and Tonawanda, Erie county, Cowell (Day, PI. Buffalo 78. 1883). The glabrous-leaved variety, D. villosa var. glabrifolia (Bartlett) Blake, Rhodora 20: 49. 1918 ( D . paniculata var. glabrifolia Bartlett, l.c.), occurs in Connecticut, but has not been reported from New York. 232 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Dioscorea glauca Muhl. Cat. 92. 1813 Glaucous wild yam root D. megaptera Raf. New FI. 88. 1836 D. pruinosa Kunth, Enum. 5: 339. 1850 D. villosa var. glabra C. G. Lloyd, Suppl. Am. Disp. 81-83. 1880 In moist thickets. An Appalachian species extending northward along the Susquehanna valley into Tioga county. Family 27 IXIACEAE Ecklon, Verzeichn. 18. 1827 ( Iridaceae Lindl. 1836) Iris family IRIS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 38. 1753 1 Iris versicolor L., l.c. 39 Larger blueflag /. virginica Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 29. 1814 In marshes, wet meadows and borders of streams, lakes and ponds, rarely in wet thickets. Common. 2 Iris prismatica Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 30. 1814 Narrow blue flag, poison flagroot 1. virginica Muhl. Cat. PI. 4. 1813 I. gracilis Bigel. FI. Bost. 12. 1814 I. Carolina Radius, Schrift. Nat. Ges. Leipsig 1: 158. 1822 In marshes and wet places. Long Island and Staten Island and locally northward into Westchester county. This is described as Iris virginica L. in Torrey’s FI. N. Y. 2: 291. 1843, where it is stated that Muhlenburg sent specimens of it to Sir James E. Smith, who pronounced it the Iris virginica of the Linnaean herbarium. 3 Iris Pseudacorus L. Sp. PI. 38. 1753 Yellow flag In marshes and wet meadows. Naturalized or adventive from Europe. Essex and Warren counties, Peck. Cayuga lake, Dudley (36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 35. 1884). Near mouth of Salmon river, Oswego county, Leach (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 33. 1906). Round lake, Saratoga county, Charlotte Bogardus. Cayuta creek, Lucy ; and Susquehanna river, Millspaugh (Clute, FI. Upper Susque¬ hanna 107. 1898). Shortsville, Ontario county, Cartwright (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 30. 1910). GEMMINGIA Fabr. Enum. PI. Hort. Helm. 1759 Belamcanda Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 60. 1763 Pardanthus Ker. in Konig & Sims, Rev. Gen. PI. 246. 1805 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 233 Gemmingia chinensis (L. ) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 701. 1891 Blackberry lily Ixia chinensis L. Sp. PI. 36. 175.3 Belamcanda chinensis DC. in Red. Lil. 3: pi. 121. 1807 Along roadsides and in fields and meadows. Frequent in the southern and southeastern parts of the State. Naturalized from Asia. SISYRINCHIUM L. Sp. PI. 954. 1753 Bermudiana [Tourn.] Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 1 Sisyrinchium albidum Raf. Atl. Journ. 17. 1832 White blue-eyed grass S. versicolor Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 26: 606. 1899 A species of the middle western states, reported by Bicknell (l.c.) from the vicinity of New York City. 2 Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. 1768 Pointed blue-eyed grass In fields and on hillsides. Common across the State northward, but rare or local southward to Westchester county and Long Island. Not reported from Staten Island. 3 Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 33. 1803 Michaux’s blue-eyed grass S. intermedium Bicknell, l.c. 498 In fields and meadows. Frequent across the State, especially southward. Northern range not definitely known, but has been re¬ ported or collected from nearly all sections of the State except the higher Adirondacks. 4 Sisyrinchium arenicola Bicknell, l.c. 496 Sand blue-eyed grass In sandy soil on Long Island and Staten Island. 5 Sisyrinchium graminoides Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 23: 133. 1896 Stout blue-eyed grass 5. anceps S. Wats.; A. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 515. 1890. Not Cav. S. gramineum Curtis, Bot. Mag. pi. 464. 1789. Not Lam. In grassy places, in moist or rather dry soil ; sometimes in open woods. Common throughout the State, especially northward. Frequent in most of the openings and cleared places of the Adiron¬ dack region. 234 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6 Sisyrinchium atlanticum Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 23: 134. 1896 Eastern blue-eyed grass S. apiculatum Bicknell, l.c. 300 In moist fields, meadows and especially in and along the margins of brackish marshes on Long Island and on Staten Island. Family 28 ORCHIDACEAE Lindl. Nat Syst. ed. 2, 336. 1836 Orchid family CYPRIPEDIUM L. Sp. PI. 951. 1753 Subgenus Criosanthes Criosanthes Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 268. 1818 Arietinum Beck, Bot. 352. 1833 1 Cypripedium arietinum R. Br. ; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5: 222. 1813 Ram’s-head ladies-slipper Criosanthes borealis Raf., l.c. Arietinum americanum Beck, l.c. C. arietina House, Torr. Club Bui. 32: 374. 1905 Cold sphagnum bogs and wooded swamps. Local or rare in the northern and central portions of the State. Near Oneida lake, Gray; Oneida county, Douglas, Whaley; Amsterdam, Skillman (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 258. 1843). Summit lake, Otsego county ; Mud lake, Jordanville and formerly along the Rolleboom near the Plattekill, Schenectady county, Pearson (Paine, Cat. 140, 190. 1865). Clay swamp, Onondaga county, Rust (Torr. Club Bui. 10: 67. 1883). Near Syracuse, Beauchamp ; Cicero swamp, House ; Mud lake near Jordanville, Haberer (House in Torr. Club Bui. 32 : 374. 1905). Mud pond, Wayne county, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 108. 1896). Hague, Warren county, Watrous (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 132. 1908). Bonaparte swamp, Lewis county, Eames, House. Douglas, Essex county, H. M. Denslow. Near Humaston, Oneida county, F. B. Hodges. New Salem, Albany county, Dr J. A. Sampson. Forma albiflora House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 48. 1923, with all parts of the flower white, found near Summit lake, Otsego county, Gilbert (22d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 103. 1869). Subgenus Calceolus Calceolus (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th Abr. ed. 1734 2 Cypripedium candidum Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 142. 1805 Small white lady’s-slipper In bogs and boggy meadows. Rare. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 235 Near Syracuse, House (Torreya 3: 50. 1903), station since destroyed. Cooperstown, Otsego county, Horace Lathrop; Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Booth, Fish (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 139. 1865). Common in Bergen swamp. 3 Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. 1: 77. pi. 2. f. 2. 1791 Small yellow lady’s-slipper C. flavescens DC. ; Redoute, Lil. 1 : pi. 20. 1802 C. pubescens Sweet, Brit. Flow. Gard. 1: pi. 71. 1823 In low woods and swamps. Locally abundant across the State. Rare in the higher Adirondacks. Not reported from Long Island or Staten Island. Common in the deep swamps and bogs of southern Herkimer county northward to Lewis and Jefferson counties and westward to Genesee county. 4 Cypripedium pubescens Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 143. 1805 Large yellow or downy lady’s slipper C. bulbosum Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 2. 1768. Not. L. 1733 C. Calceollus Walt. FI. Car. 222. 1788; Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 161. 1803. Not L. 1753 C. luteum Ait. ; Raf. Med. FI. 140. pi. 30. 1828 C. hirsutum (Miller, misapplied by) Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. I, and Britton, Man. ed. 1 In rich or moist soil, chiefly in upland woods and thickets. Fre¬ quent or locally abundant across the State, hut rare or absent from most of the higher Adirondack region. It has been suggested that this is merely a variety of the preced¬ ing species (Knight, in Rhodora 8: 93. 1906). In their typical forms the two are very distinct. Seemingly intermediate forms are not rare, but dll such which I have seen have the laterally flattened (the greatest expansion being vertical) lip, which corresponds to C. flavescens. C. flavescens has formerly been regarded by the writer (Torr. Club Bui. 32: 375. 1905) as distinct. I am now inclined to regard it as an intermediate form or possibly a hybrid between C. parviflorum and C. pubescens, but have placed the name as a synonym of the former. 5 Cypripedium reginae Walt. FI. Car. 222. 1788 Showy lady’s-slipper C. canadense Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 261. 1803 C. spectabile Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 303. 1789. C. hirsutum (Miller, misapplied by) House, Torr. Club. Bui. 32: 375. 1905 In swamps, bogs and low woods. Infrequent or rare across the northern and western portions of the State, south to Dutchess and Delaware counties. Reported from Staten Island. 236 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Forma alba (Ait.) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 37. 1923 (C. album Ait., l.c.), with white flowers, occurs in several localities with the typical form. Subgenus Fissipes Fissipes Small, FI. SE. U. S. 31 1. 1903 6 Cypripedium acaule Ait. Hort. Kew. 3 : 303. 1789 Moccasin flower, stemless lady’s-slipper ? C. hirsutum Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 3. 1768 C. humile Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. 1 : 77. t. 3, f. 4. 1791 F. acaulis Small, l.c. In sandy or rocky woods. Common throughout most sections of the State where the soil is not strongly calcareous. Forma albiflora House, l.c. 47, with pure white flowers has been reported from several localities. Forma lancifolia House, with narrow or oblong-lanceolate leaves, occurs in Madison county. ORCHIS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 939. 1753 Orchis rotundifolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 588. 1814 Small round-leaved orchis Habenaria rotundifolia Richards, in Frankl. Narr. 1st Jour. App. 750. 1823 In cold damp mossy woods and swamps. Formerly rare in the northern and central parts of the State. Near Utica, Hunt (Columbia University Herbarium) ; Warren, Herkimer county, Hunt (Herb. Denslow). Mud lake, southern Herkimer county, Paine (Cat. 135. 1865). Turin, Lewis county, R. B. Hough (38th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 108. 1885). This rare orchid was formerly abundant at Mud lake, in southern Herkimer county, but recent careful search indicates that it has apparently been exterminated there. The Turin locality is said to have been destroyed by clearing many years ago, and at the present time the species is not known in New York State. GALEORCHIS Rydb. in Britton, Man. 292. 1901 Galeorchis spectabilis (L.) Rydb., l.c. Showy orchis Orchis spectabilis L. Sp. PI. 943. 1753 O. humilis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 155. 1803 In rich woods. Locally common across the State northward. Less frequent or rare southward to Long Island and Staten Island, and westward to Chatauqua county. Forma Gordinierii House, l.c. 50, with all parts of the flowers white, collected at Schaghticoke, Rensselaer county, by H. C. Gordinier (40th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 73. 1887). annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 237 PERULARIA Lindl. Bot. Reg. 20: under pi. 1701. 1835* Perularia flava (L.) Farwell, Ann. Rep’t Comm. Parks Detroit 11 : 54. 1900 Small pale-green orchis Orchis flava L. Sp. PI. 942. 1753 O. virescens Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 37. 1805 0. flava var. virescens Greene, Cat. Pi. N. Y. 60. 1814 H. virescens Spreng. Syst. 3: 688. 1826 H. flava A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 38: 308. 1840 In moist soil, usually in woods, meadows or borders of swamps. Frequent across the State northward, except at high altitudes. Rare or local on Long Island and infrequent across the southern part of the State. Our form of the species is said by Fernald (Rhodora 23: 148. 1921) to differ from the typical and more southern form of the species, and he proposes to call the northern form Habenaria flava var. virescens. COELOGLOSSUM Hartm. Handb. Scand. FI. 323. 1820 Coeloglossum bracteatum (Willd.) Hartm. FI. Ital. 3: 409. 1858 Long-bracted orchis Orchis bracteata Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 34. 1805, Habenaria bracteata R. Br. ; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5: 192. 1813 In low meadows, woods and borders of wooded swamps. Fre¬ quent throughout most sections of the State, south to Westchester county. Not reported from Staten Island, and reported but not definitely known from Long Island. GYMNADENIOPSIS Rydb. ; Britton, Man. 293. 1901 Gymnadeniopsis clavellata (Michx.) Rydb., l.c. Small green wood orchis Orchis clavellata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 155. 1803 O. tridentata Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 41. 1805 Habenaria tridentata Hook. Exot. FI. 2: pi. 81. 1825 H. clavellata Spreng. Syst. 3: 689. 1826 In moist or wet woods and swamps. Frequent or common throughout the northern and central portions of the State. Less common or rare in the western and southern portions of the State. * The group of species variously designated as Habenaria or Platanthera, is one of the largest if not actually the largest group of the Orchidaceae. Its subdivision presents many difficulties, as also does any attempt to retain it under one name. Platanthera is one of the nomina conservanda of the international rules, but was based by Richard upon Orchis bifolia L., a species resembling and somewhat related to Habenaria macrophylla (Lysias). Hab¬ enaria was restricted by Willdenow to a small group of species, and the retention of it to cover the entire group as is done in the seventh edition of Gray’s Manual (1908) is technically impossible since Willdenow on the 238 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM LIMNORCHIS Rydb. N. Y. Bot. Garden Mem. 1 : 104. 1900 1 Limnorchis hyperborea (L.) Rydb.; Britton, Man. 294. 1901 Tall leafy green orchis Orchis hyperborea L. Mant. 121. 1767 O. huronensis Nutt. Gen. 2: 189. 1818 Habenaria hyperborea R. Br. ; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5: 193. 1813 L. huronensis Rydb., 1. c. In bogs, wooded swamps and wet woods, often in low marshy meadows. Frequent or common across the northern part of the State. Less abundant westward to Lake Erie, and southward to Tompkins, Chemung, Delaware and Dutchess counties. A species variable in height, in the length and breadth of the leaves, in the size of the flowers and in the relative length of the lip and spur, characters apparently controlled in some measure at least, by the varying habitat of the species. Limnorchis major (Lange) Rydb., reported from Yonkers, is probably but a very robust form of L. hyperborea. Specimens have been seen in the wooded swamps of central New York which are nearly or quite a meter in height, with leaves 2-5 cm broad and which correspond with the description of L. m a j 0 r, but which are connected by innumerable gradations with typical L. hyperborea. In the same region, and doubtless elsewhere, are also found all gradations between typical L. huronensis, as distinguished by Doctor Rydberg, and typical L. hyperborea. 2 x Limnorchis media Rydberg; Britton Man. 294. 1901 Intermediate green orchis Habenaria dilatata var. media Ames, Rhodora 10: 70. 1908 In bogs and marshes, in company with the preceding and the next following species, of which it is a hybrid. Silver Bay, Lake George, J. F. Kemp. Jordanville, Herkimer county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 67: 20. 1903) ; House, 1918. Rev. H. S. Smart, 1918. 3. Limnorchis dilatata (Pursh) Rydb. l.c. Tall white bog orchis Orchis dilatata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 588. 1814 Habenaria dilatata Hook. Exot. FI. 2: pi. 95. 1825 In bogs, low marshy meadows and wet woods. Frequent through¬ out northern and central New York, less common southward to the higher Catskills, and westward to Lake Erie and Chautauqua county. page preceding Habenaria published a genus Bonatea (B. speciosa), which is commonly included in the amplified use of the name Habenaria. Willdenow retained in Orchis most of the species subsequently transferred to Habenaria, which would seem to indicate that he had no intention of making the name Habenaria cover the great and diverse aggregate of species sub¬ sequently placed there. The seven genera, Perularia, Coeloglossum, Cymnadeniopsis, Limnorchis, Lysias, Lysiella and Blepharigolottis, might well be constituted subgenera of a single genus. As far as the plants of eastern America are concerned however, they are better regarded as distinct genera. annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 239 Variable in the width* of the leaves and in the shape of the sepals and petals. Var. linearifolius Rydb. (Torr. Club Bui. 28: 623. 1901), which is occasional in central and northern New York, is not separable by any constant characters, as all gradations of width of leaves can be found. LYSIAS Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. 1 : 288. 1812 1 Lysias orbiculata (Pursh) Rydb.; Britton, Man. 294. 1901 Round-leaved orchis Orchis orbiculata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 588. 1814 Habenaria orbiculata Torrey, Comp. 318. 1826 Platanthera Menziesii Lindl. Orch. PI. 286. 1835 In rich woods. Infrequent across the State northward. Less common or rare southward to Ulster county and westward to Lake Erie and Chautauqua county. 2 Lysias macrophylla (Goldie) House, Muhlenbergia 1: 127 1906 Large round-leaved orchis Habenaria macrophylla Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 6: 331. 1822 Platanthera orbiculata Lindl. Orch. PI. 286. 1835 In rich woods. Infrequent or local from Rensselaer county northward and westward to St Lawrence county, westward to Oswego county and south to Sullivan county. Perhaps of wider distribution in the State. Sandlake, Peck. Hamilton mountain, Peek. Mountain lake, Fulton county, A. Olsson. Fairfield, Herkimer county, A. Gray. Panther lake, Oswego county ; Fourth lake, Herkimer county, House. Pierrepont, St Lawrence county, Mrs. O. P. Phelps. Grahamsville, Sullivan county, Barkley. 3 Lysias Hookeriana (Torrey) Rydb.; Britton, Man. 295. 1901 Hooker’s orchis Habenaria orbiculata Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 6: 331. 1822; Hook. Exot. FI. pi. 145. 1825. Not Pursh, 1814 H. Hookeriana Torrey; A. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 229. 1836 H. Hookeri Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 286. 1840 In moist or rather dry woods. Local or locally abundant across the State. Absent from the higher Adirondack region. Not recorded from Long Island or from Staten Island, and not reported from west of Broome county along the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. LYSIELLA Rydb. ; Britton, Man. 295. 1901 Lysiella obtusata (Pursh) Rydberg, l.c. Small northern bog orchis 240 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Orchis obtusata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 588. 1814 Habenaria obtusata Richards. App. Frankl. Jour. 750. 1823 In cold mossy woods, swamps and bogs. Frequent throughout the northern and higher Adirondacks and across the northern counties of the State. Rare southward to Carpenter’s pond, Onon¬ daga county (House). BLEPHARIGLOTTIS Raf. FI. Tell. 2: 38. 1836 1 Blephariglottis ciliaris (L.) Rydberg; Britton, Man. 296. 1901 Yellow-fringed orchis Orchis ciliaris L. Sp. PI. 939. 1753 Habenaria ciliaris R. Br. ; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5 : 194. 1813 In low meadows and margins of sandy bogs and swamps. Fre¬ quent on Long Island and Staten Island. Rare or local northward across the State from Albany county to Oneida and Monroe counties. West of Albany, Beck. Pine plains of Schenectady, Pearson; Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell; Greece and Parma, Monroe county, Bradley (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 136. 1865). Karner, Albany county, Peck. Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. Manlius Onondaga county, Wibbe (31st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 53. 1879) ; Wibbe’s specimen is labelled “ North Manlius ” which is in Madison county. Baldwinsville, Beauchamp. Irondequoit bay, Holzer (in state herbarium). Island in Irondequoit bay, Fuller; woods north of Ridge road, Bunker (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 107. 1896). 2 Blephariglottis Blephariglottis (Willd.) Rydberg, l.c. White-fringed orchis Orchis ciliaris var. alba Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 156. 1803 O. Blephariglottis Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 9. 1805 Habenaria Blephariglottis Torrey, Comp. 317. 1826 In bogs, swamps and low meadows and borders of sandy bogs. Frequent in most of the open sphagnum bogs across the northern part of the State and in the Adirondacks. Frequent on Long Island, Staten Island and in Rockland county. Not reported from the Catskills. Infrequent westward across the State to Chautauqua county. Not reported from Erie county, but frequent in the bogs of the Ontario lowlands westward to Genesee county. Var halopetala (Lindl.) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 45. 1923 ( Platanthera halopetala Lindl.), a rare variety with nar¬ rower petals and the toothing obsolete, the lip less fringed or sub¬ entire, occurs at North pond, near Boonville, Oneida county, and was also reported from there by Paine in 1865. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 24I 3 Blephariglottis lacera (Michx.) Farwell, Ann. Rep’t Mich. Acad. Sci. 2 : 42. 1901 Ragged or green-fringed orchis Orchis lacera Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 156. 1803 Habenaria lacera R. Br. ; Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 1: 312. 1810 Orchis psycodes Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 39. 1805; also of Bigelow and Pursh, not L. In swamps, low meadows and wet woods. Frequent or common in the eastern, central and southern parts of the State. Rare in the western counties and rare in the northern part of the State. Absent from most sections of the Adirondacks. Forma elongata (Peck) House, l.c. 15 (H. lacera var. elongata Peck, 46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 49. 1893), with the inflorescence much elongated ; flowers rather distant and subtended by large foliaceous bracts. Selkirk, Albany county, Peck. 4 Blephariglottis leucophaea (Nuttall) Farwell, l.c. Prairie white-fringed orchis Orchis leucophaea Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) 5: 161. 1833-37 Habenaria leucophaea A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 502. 1857 On moist prairies or in open sunny bogs. Oswego and Onondaga counties westward, chiefly in the Ontario lowlands. Rare. Fabius, Onondaga county, House (Torr. Club Bui. 32: 376. 1905). Lily marsh, Oswego county, IVibbe (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 192. 1877) ; Sheldon (state herbarium). Mud pond, Wayne county, Hankenson (28th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 47. 1876, and in state herbarium). 5 Blephariglottis grandiflora (Bigel.) Rydberg, l.c. Large or early purple-fringed orchis Orchis fimbriata Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 39. 1805. Not Dryand. 1789 O. grandiflora Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 321. 1824 Habenaria grandiflora Torrey, Comp. 319. 1826 H. fimbriata A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 503. 1867 ; Robinson & Fernald, Gray, Man. ed. 7, 31 1. 1908. Not R. Br. 1813 B. psycodes grandiflora Schaffner, Cat. Ohio PI. 161. 1914 In rich woods and wet meadows. Frequent in the Adirondacks. Local or rare southward to Delaware, Chemung and Otsego counties, and westward to Oneida and Oswego counties. Delaware county, Gilbert ; Otsego county, Miss Cooper ; northern Herkimer county, Calverly; Fort Bull, Rome, Oneida county (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 136. 1865). Franklin, Delaware county, Hoy; Chemung county, Lucy (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 106. 1898). Sandlake, Rensselaer county, Peck. Pine lake, Fulton county, House. 242 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6 Blephariglottis psycodes (L.) Rydberg, l.c. Smaller purple-fringed orchis Orchis psycodes L. Sp. PI. 943. 1753 O. fimbriata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 297. 1789 Habenaria fimbriata R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5: 194. 1813 H. racemosa Raf. Ann. Nat. 15. 1820 H. psycodes Spreng. Syst. 3: 693. 1826 In meadows, swamps and wet woods. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State. Rare on Long Island. Forma albispicata House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 19- 1923, with white flowers, is sometimes seen. x Blephariglottis Andrewsii (White) comb. nov. Habenaria lac era x psycodes Andrews, Rhodora 3: 246. 1901 H. Andrewsii White A natural hybrid known from Vermont and Maine, and which may be looked for in this State. 7 Blephariglottis peramoena (A. Gray) Rydberg, l.c. 297. Fringeless purple orchis Orchis fissa Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 589. 1814. Not Willd. 1805 Habenaria peramoena A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 38: 310. 1840 In moist meadows. A species found chiefly in the region of the Great Lakes. Reported from Collins, Erie county, Cowell, and Cassadaga Lake, Chautauqua county, Day (PI. Buffalo 76. 1883). POGONIA Juss. Gen. PI. 65. 1789 Subgenus Eupogonia 1 Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Ker. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. pi. 148. 1816 Rose Pogonia, snakemouth Arethusa ophioglossoides L. Sp. PI. 951. 1753 In low meadows, swamps and bogs. Frequent across the State. Scattered throughout most of the Adirondack region but not reported from North Elba by Peck. Rare in the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania and in the extreme western' part of the State. Forma albiflora House, with white flowers, in a bog near Luzerne, Warren county, House. Subgenus Isotria Isotria Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 357. 1808 Odonectis Raf., l.c. annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 243 2 Pogonia verticillata (Willd.) Nutt. Gen. 2: 192. 1818 Whorled pogonia Arethusa verticillata Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 81. 1805 A. medeoloides Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 591. 1814 isotria verticillata Raf., l.c. Odonectis verticillata Raf. l.c. In moist woods, often in deep mossy wooded borders of swamps and bogs. Frequent across the State south of the Adirondacks. Westward to Broome and Wayne counties, northward to Warren, Saratoga, Lewis and Oswego counties. 3 Pogonia affinis Austin ; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 507. 1867 Smaller whorled pogonia Isotria affinis Rydberg; Britton, Man. 297. 1901 In moist woods. Very rare. A little known species, sometimes suspected of being an imperfectly developed form of the preceding. Known only from Rockland county, Smith (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 2: 27. 1887). Fort Edward, Vandcnburg (31st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 31. 1879). Subgenus Triphora Triphora Nutt. Gen. 2: 192. 1818 4 Pogonia trianthophora (Sw.) B.S.P.,. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 52. 1888 Nodding pogonia Arethusa trianthophora Sw. Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. II. 21 : 230. 1800 Triphora pendula Nutt., l.c. Pogonia pendula Lindl. Bot. Reg. pi. 908. 1825 Triphora trianthophora Rydb. ; Britton, Man. 298. 1901 In rich woods. Lake George region, Warren county and in Rensselaer county, westward to Oneida county and Lake Erie, south¬ ward to near New York City. Not reported from Long Island or Staten Island. Locally frequent in some sections, chiefly from the southern Catskills westward to Wayne county. ARETHUSA L. Sp. PI. 950. 1753 Arethusa bulbosa L., l.c. Arethusa, dragon’s-mouth, wild pink In bogs and boggy or turfy meadows. Infrequent but widely distributed throughout the State. Not reported from north of Essex and Lewis counties, but probably locally present throughout the northern tier of counties, and the Adirondack region. Most abundant in open bogs across the middle of the State and southward to Long Island. 244 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM CATHEA Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. i: 300. 1812 Helleborine Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 665. 1891 (Not Martyn, t. 50. 1 736) L i m o d o r u m Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. (Not L. or Kuntze) Calopogon R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew, ed. 2, 5 : 204. 1813 Cathea pulchella (Willd.) Salisb., l.c. Calopogon, grass pink Cymbidium pulchellum Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 105. 1803 Calopogon pulchcllus R. Br., l.c. Calopogon tuberosus B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 52. 1888 Cathea tuberosa Morong, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 34. 1893 Helleborine tuberosa Kuntze, l.c. In bogs and low boggy meadows. Frequent across the State northward, but somewhat rare or local in the southern counties bordering on Pennsylvania. Forma albiflora (Britton) Flouse, with white flowers is ocoasionlly seen. A specimen from Saratoga county with leaves 1.5 cm. wide approaches forma latifolia (St John) House (C. pulchcllus forma latifolius St John, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 36: 69. 1921), which is described as having leaves 1.3 to 2.8 cm. wide. Forma linearifolia House, with very narrow grass-like leaves, 2 to 5 mm. wide, occurs in Oswego county, Peck, House. According to Fernald ( Rhodora 23: 132. 1921), Lirnodorum tuberosum L. is based upon a plate of Martyn’s (1728), which is Bletia purpurea, a Bahaman orchid. SERAPIAS L. Sp. PI. 949. 1753 Epipactis Zinn. Cat. FI. Hort. Goett. 85. 1737 Lirnodorum (Ludw. 1737) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 671. 1891 Helleborine Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th Abr. ed. 1734 Serapias Helleborine L., l.c. Bastard hellebore S. viridiflora Hoffm. Deutsch. FI. 2: 182. 1804 E. latifolia var. viridiflora Irm. Linnaea 16: 451. 1842 E. viridiflora Reichenb. FI. Germ. Exs. 134. 1830 E. Helleborine Crantz, Stirp. Austr. ed. 2, Fasc. 6, 467. 1769 In woods and thickets. Locally abundant. Herkimer county westward to Oswego, Monroe and Erie counties. Apparently naturalized from Europe. First recorded from near Syracuse by Mrs M. P. Church (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 329. 1879). Now known from numerous localities, in some of them quite common, which adds to the suspicion that the species has been naturalized from Europe, else it would have been found prior to 1879, in a region which has been carefully ex¬ plored by many botanists. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 245 IBIDIUM Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. i: 291. 1812 Triorchis (Bauhin) Petiver, Opera Hist. Nat. Spec. (Ed. John Millan) 2: pi. 68. 1764? Aristotelea Lour. FI. Cochinch. 522. 1790 Helictonia Ehrh. Beitr. 4: 148. 1789 (nomina usualia) Gyrostachys Pers. Syn. 2: 511, as subgenus. 1807 Spiranthes L. C. Richard, Mem. Mus. Paris 4: 42. 1818 Helleborine Bernh. Syst. Verz. Erf. 309. 1800. Not Mill. 1 Ibidium Romanzoffianum (Cham.) House, Muhlenbergia 1: 129 1906 Hooded ladies’-tresses Spiranthes Romanzoffiana Cham., Linnaea 3: 32. 1828 G. Romanzoffiana MacM. Met. Minn. 171. 1892 G. stricta Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. x: 107. 1900 I. stricturn House, Torr. Club Bui. 32: 381. 1905 T. Romanzoffiana Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 123. 1913 In bogs and boggy meadows. Frequent across the northern part of the State. Less common, local or somewhat rare southward to Columbia, Greene, Tompkins and Tioga counties and westward to Lake Erie and Chautauqua county. 2 Ibidium plantagineum (Raf.) House, Torr. Club Bui. 32: 381 1905 Wide-leaved ladies’-tresses Neottia plantaginea Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 206. 1818 N. cernua var. latifolia Torrey, Comp. FI. 320. 1826 N. lucida H. H. Eaton, Trans. Jour. Med. 5: 107. 1832 S. plantaginea Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 284. 1843. Not Spreng. or Lindl. G. latifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 664. 1891 5. lucida Ames, Orch, 2: 258. 1908 T. plantaginea Nieuwl. l.c. 122 S. latifolia Torrey; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 467. 1840 S. aestivalis Oakes, Cat. Vermont PI. 28, I85.3. Not Rich. In bogs, springy places and on wet rocks. Infrequent or locally common across the State from Essex county to the St Lawrence river and Lake Erie, southward to Dutchess county, the Catskill mountains and to Tioga and Tompkins counties. 3 Ibidium cernuum (L.) House, Torr. Club Bui. 32; 381. 1905 Nodding or drooping ladies’-tresses Ophrys cernua L. Sp. PI. 946. 1753 V. cernua L. C. Richard, Orch. Ann. 37. 1817 5. odorata Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 467. 1840 G. cernua Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 664. 1891 ? I. incurvum Jennings, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 3: 483. 1906 T. cernua Nieuwl., l.c. 122 Neottia cernua Sw. in Schrad. Neues Jour. 1: 52. 1805 In wet meadows and swamps. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State, especially northward and westward. 246 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Var. ochroleucum (Rydb.) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243- 244: 45- 19 23 G. ochroleuca Rydb. ; Britton, Man. 300. 1901 Differing from the ordinary form of the species by its greenish or creamy white flowers and longer floral bracts. In woodlands and up¬ land pastures of less acidity than where typical I. cernuum occurs (See Wheery, Rhodora 23: 127-129. 1921). Ames (Rhodora 23: 80. 1921), describes from New England, a hybrid between I . cernuum and I . g r a c i 1 e . 4 Ibidium vernale (Engelm. & Gray) House, Torr. Club Bui. 32: 381. 1905 Linear-leaved ladies’-tresses Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 5: 236. 1845 S. neglecta Ames, Rhodora 6: 30. pi. 51. 1904 G. linearis Rydb.; Britton, Man. 300. 1901 T. vernalis House, Am. Mid. Nat. 6: 206. 1920 In dry or moist sandy soil. Infrequent or rare along the coast of Long Island and on Staten Island. According to Ames (Rhodora 23 : 79. 1921) this may be a hybrid between I. cernuum and I . g r a c i 1 e . 5 Ibidium praecox (Walt.) House, Muhlenbergia 1: 129. 1906 Grass-leaved ladies’-tresses Limodorum praecox Walt. FI. Car. 221. 1788 A. graminca var. Walteri A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 505. 1867 S. praecox A. Gray. Man. ed. 6, 503. 1890 G. praecox Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 663. 1891 T. praecox Nieuwl., l.c. 123 In grassy places along the coastal plain of Long Island and on Staten Island. The report from Oneida lake (House, Torreya 3: 53- I9°3)> based upon a misidentiflcation. 6 Ibidium Beckii (Lindl.) House, Muhlenbergia x: 128. 1905 Beck’s or little ladies’-tresses Spiranthes tortilis Beck. Bot. 343. 1833. Not Rich. Spiranthes Beckii Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 472. 1840 A. simplex A. Gray, Man. ed. 3, 506. 1867. Not Griseb. G. simplex Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 664. 1891 A. Grayi Ames, Rhodora 6: 44. 1904 T Grayi Nieuwl., l.c. 123 T. Beckii House, Am. Mid. Nat. 6: 206. 1920 In dry or damp sandy soil. Frequent on Long Island. Locally abundant on Staten Island and northward to Westchester county. annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 247 7 Ibidium gracile (Bigel.) House, Torr. Club Bui. 32: 381. 1905 Slender ladies’-tresses Neottia tortilis Pursh. FI. Am. Sept. 589. 1814. Not Sw. Neottia gracilis Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 322. 1824 S. gracilis Beck, Bot. 343. 1833 G. Gracilis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 664. 1891 T. gracilis Nieuwl., l.c. 123 In dry, usually sandy fields and open woods. Infrequent or locally abundant across the State from Essex and Rensselaer counties west¬ ward to St Lawrence and Jefferson counties, the lowlands of central New York and Lake Ontario. Rare in Erie county and in the southern counties bordering on Pennsylvania. Common on Long Island and Staten Island. OPHRYS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 945. 1753 Cardiophyllum Ehrh. Beitr. 4 : 148. 1789 Lis ter a R. Br. ; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5: 201. 1813 Diphryllum Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 357. 1808 1 Ophrys convallarioides (Sw.) Wight, Torr. Club Bui. 32: 380 1905 - Broad-lipped twayblade Neottia convallarioides Rich, in Mem. Mus. Paris 4 : 59. 1818 Epipactis convallarioides Sw. Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. (II) 21: 232. 1800 Listera convallarioides Torrey, Comp. 320. 1826 D. convallarioides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 659. 1891 In cold mossy woods and wooded swamps. Northern New York. Rare. Turin, Lewis county, Hough (38th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 83. 1885). Newport, Herkimer county, House (Torr. Club Bui. 32: 380. 1905). Adirondack League Club Plants, p. 52. Miss A. M. Smith. Newcomb, Essex county, House, 1920. 2 Ophrys cordata L. Sp. PI. 946. 1753. Heart-leaved twayblade Neottia cordata Rich., l.c. Listera cordata R. Br., l.c. Diphryllum bifolium Raf., l.c. D. cordatum Kuntze, l.c. In moist cold woods and mossy swamps. Infrequent but widely distributed throughout the State. Frequent or common throughout the Adirondack region. Local or rare southward to Staten Island and westward, chiefly in cold cedar swamps, to Lake Erie and Cattaraugus county. Otsego and Chenango counties are the only records in the Susque¬ hanna basin, and the record for Staten Island rests upon an old col¬ lection. In the Hudson valley it is now unknown south of Rensselaer county, nor has it been reported from the Catskills. 248 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 3 Ophrys australis (Lindl.) House, Torr. Club Bui. 32: 379. 1905 Southern twayblade Listera australis Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 456. 1840 D. australe Kuntze, l.c. In bogs and sphagnum swamps. Locally distributed from St Lawrence and Fulton counties, westward, chiefly on the Ontario low¬ lands to Madison, Wayne, Oswego and Erie counties. Canada lake, Fulton county, C. P. Alexander, A. Olsson. Pecks- port, Madison county, Edward A. Eames, House. Fine, St Lawrence county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 139: 35. 1910). Lily marsh, Oswego county, Wibbe (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 192. 1877). Beaver lake, Onondaga county, Underwood, Beauchamp, O. E. Pearce (House in Torr. Club Bui. 32: 378. 1905). Mud pond, Zurich, Wayne county, House & Killip. Palermo, Oswego county, Rowlee (Torr. Club Bui. 26: 165. 1899). Duck lake, Conquest, Cayuga county and near Victory, L. Griscom and party (Rhodora 19: 52. 1917). Erie county, Edward A. Eames. (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 176 : 26. 1915 ; 205-206 : 20. 1919). PERAMIUM Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. 1 : 301. 1812 Epipaetis (Hall. 1742) Boehm, in Ludw. Definit. Gen. PI. 1760. Not Zinn, 1757 Goodyera R. Br. ; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5 : 197. 1813 Orchiodes (Trew. 1736) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 674. 1891 1 Peramium secundum (Raf.) comb. nov. Lesser rattlesnake plantain Tussaca secunda Raf. Praec. Decouv. 42. 1814 Neottia repens Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 589. 1814. Not Sw. Goodyera repens var. ophioides Fernald, Rhodora 1 : 6. 1899 Peramium ophioides Rybd., Britton. Man. 302. 1901 Epipaetis repens ophioides A. A. Eaton, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21 : 65. 1908 E. ophioides House, in Heller, Catalogue, ed. 3, 85. 1910 In cool moist woods, often in mossy swamps. Frequent through¬ out the Adirondack region and the northern counties. Less common, rare or local southwards the higher Catskills and westward across the State. Formerly reported as Goodyera repens or Peramium repens. 2 Peramium tesselatum (Lodd.) Heller, Catalogue N. Am. PI ed. 2, 4. 1900 Loddiges’s rattlesnake plantain Goodyera tesselata Lodd. Bot. Cab. 10: pi. 952. 1824 Epipaetis tesselata A. A. Eaton, l.c. 66 Orchiodes tesselatum Kuntze, l.c. Chiefly in coniferous woods. Frequent throughout the northern part of the State. Less common southward to Ulster, Sullivan and Greene counties, and rather rare westward to Seneca, Wayne and Wyoming counties. annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 249 A robust specimen of this species from northern New York was mistaken by Peck for Peramium Menziesii (Lindl.) Morong, and so reported. 3 Peramium pubescens (Willd.) MacM. Met. Minn. 172. 1892 Downy rattlesnake plantain Neottia pubescens Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 76. 1805 Satyrium venosum Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 361. 1808 Goodyera pubescens R. Br., l.c. 198 Tussaca reticulata Raf. Praec. Decouv. 43. 1814 Epipactis pubescens A. A. Eaton, l.c. 65. Not Pursh, 1814 E. reticulata House, in Heller, Catalogue, ed. 3, 85. 1910 Orchiodes pubescens Kuntze, l.c. In dry woods. Locally abundant throughout most sections of the State. MALAXIS Soland. ; Sw. Prodr. 119. 1788 Achroanthes Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 352. 1808 Microstylis Nutt. Gen. 2 : 196. 1818 1 Malaxis monophylla (L.) Sw. Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. (II) 21 : 234. 1800 White adder’s mouth Ophrys monophyllos L. Sp. PI. 947. 1753 Microstylis monophylla Lindl. Bot. Reg. pi. 1290. 1829 M. brachypoda A. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 228. 1836 Achroanthes monophylla Greene, Pittonia 2: 183. 1891 In cold or mossy woods. Frequent throughout the Adirondack region and across the northern part of the State. Less common, rare or local southward to Ulster, Orange, Chenango and Tompkins counties, westward to Genesee and Cattaraugus counties. 2 Malaxis unifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 157. 1803 Green adder’s-mouth Achroanthes unifolia Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 352. 1808 Microstylis ophioglossoides Nutt. Gen. 2: 196. 1818 M. unifolia B. S. P., Prel. Cat. N. Y. 52. 1S88 In woods and thickets. Rather frequent on Staten Island and on Long Island, chiefly south of the moraine, northward in the State to Essex and St Lawrence counties, westward to Chenango, Onondaga and Oswego counties. LIPARIS L. C. Richard, Mem. Mus. Paris 4: 43, 60. 1817 Leptorch is Thouars, Nouv. Bui. Soc. Philom. 1: 317. Hyponym, 1809 Pseudorchis S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 213. 1821 A n i s t y 1 i s Raf. Neogent. 4. 1825. 250 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM I Liparis liliifolia (L.) L. C. Richard; Lindl. Bot. Reg. pi. 882. 1825 Large twayblade Ophrys liliifolia L. Sp. PI. 946. 1753 Malaxis liliifolia Sw. in Vet. Akad. Nya Handl. Stockh. 21: 235. 1800 Anistylis Convallaria Raf., l.c. Leptorchis liliifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 671. 1891 In moist woods and thickets. Rather widely distributed across the State south of the Adirondacks, from Rensselaer and Saratoga counties westward to Oneida and Chautauqua counties and south¬ ward to Westchester county. Not common. 2 Liparis Loeselii (L.) L. C. Richard, Mem. Mus. Paris 4: 60. 1817 Fen orchis, Loesel’s twayblade Ophrys Loeselii L. Sp. PI. 947. 1753 Malaxis Loeselii Sw., l.c. Malaxis Correana Barton, FI. Phila. Prodr. 86. 1815 Anistylis lutea Raf., l.c. Psendorchis Loeselii S. F. Gray, l.c. Liparis Correana Spreng. Syst. 2: 740. 1826 Leptorchis Loeselii MacM. Met. Minn. 173. 1892 In wet woods, springy banks and boggy places. Frequent across the State northward, except above altitudes of 2500 feet, southward to Rensselaer, Albany, Otsego and Watkins counties, westward to Niagara, Erie and Cattaraugus counties. CYTHEREA Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. 1 : 301. 1812 Calypso Salisb. Par. Lond. pi. 89. 1807. Not Thouars, 1805 Orchidium Sw., Summa Veg. Scand. 32. 1814 Cytherea bulbosa (L.) House, Torr. Club Bui. 32: 382. 1905 Calypso Cypripedimn bulbosum L. Sp. PI. 951. 175.3 Calypso borealis Salisb. Par. Lond. pi. 89. 1806 Calypso americana R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5: 208. 1813 Orchidium arcticum Sw., Summa Veg. Scand. 32. 1814 Orchidium boreale Sw. in Svensk. Bot. t. 518. 1819 Orchidium americanum Steud. Nom. ed. 2, 2 : 222. 1840 Calypso bulbosa Oakes, Cat. Vermont PI. 28. 1842 In cold damp mossy woods, usually under Arbor Vitae. Very rare. Near Rome, Bingham; Jordanville, H ether er; Lodi swamp, Onon¬ daga county, House (Torr. Club Bui. 32: 382. 1905). Mud lake, Herkimer county, E. Hunt (House in Torreya 3: 54. 1903). Low- ville, Lewis county, F. B. Hough, and evergreen woods along north side of Black river below Brownville, Jefferson county, C. M. Booth (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 138. 1865). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 25 1 The locality near Lowville is said to have been exterminated many years ago. That near Syracuse was destroyed by the growth of the city. It was again collected in Bergen swamp, Genesee county, but not within recent years, nor has it been found recently in any other section of the State. With Orchis rotundifolia, it may prove to be a recorded species which has disappeared from our flora. TIPULARIA Nutt. Gen. 2: 195. 1818 Tipularia unifolia (Muhl.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 51. 1888 Cranefly orchis Limodorum unifolium Muhl. Cat. 81. 1813 Tipularia discolor Nutt., l.c. Orchis discolor Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 586. 1814 In woods. Staten Island, Long Island and in the western part of the State. Rare. Near New York City, on Staten Island and at Greenport, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 259. 1915). Orient Point, Latham. Monroe county, Bradley (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 272. 1843). Adams Basin, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 105. 1896). APLECTRUM Nutt. Gen. 2: 197. 1818 Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl.) Torrey, Comp. 322. 1826 Adam-and-Eve, puttyroot Cymbidium hyemale Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 107. 1805 Aplectrum spicatum B. S. P., Prel. Cat. N. Y. 51. 1888 In woods and swamps. Locally frequent or rare. Essex county southward to Bronx county and westward across the State, outside of the Adirondacks. Not recorded from the counties of Lewis, Jefferson and St Lawrence lying west of the Adirondacks, nor from the Catskill mountain region or the eastern portion of the Susque¬ hanna watershed. Forma pallidum House (A. spicatum pallidum House, Torreya 3: 54. 1903), with the lower lip of the flowers white and without the usual magenta colored spots, occurs in Onondaga county. CORALLORRHIZA (Haller) Chatelain, Spec. Inaug. 8. 1760 Cladorhiza Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 1: 428. 1817 Neottia (L., in part), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 674. 1891 i Corallorrhiza Corallorrhiza (L.) Karst. Deutsch. FI. 448. 1882 Early coralroot Ophrys Corallorrhiza L. Sp. PI. 945. 1753 Corallorrhiza trifida Chatelain, l.c. C. Neottia Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, 2: 207. 1772 C. innata R. Br. ; Ait. Flort. Kew. ed. 2, 5: 209. 1813 C. verna Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 3: 136. pi. 7. 1823 Neottia Corallorrhiza Kuntze, l.c. 252 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In cold mossy woods and swamps. Frequent or common across the northern part of the State, south to the Catskill mountains of Greene and Ulster counties, and less common or rare southward to Dutchess county and westward to Genesee, Erie and Chautauqua counties. 2 Corallorrhiza maculata Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 119. 1817 Large coralroot Cladorhiza maculata Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 1: 428. 1817 Corallorrhiza multiflora Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 3: 138. pi. 7. 1823 Neottia multiflora Kuntze, l.c. In woods and thickets. . Frequent or locally common in most sec¬ tions of the State. Rare or absent, however, in the pine-barrens of Long Island and rare on the coastal plain. A form with yellow scapes and yellow flowers was described from Menands, Albany county, by Peck (50th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 126. 1897). 3 Corallorrhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt. Gen. 2: 197. 1818 Small or late coralroot Cymbidium odontorhizon Willd. Sp. PI. 4: no. 1805 Ophrys Corallorrhiza Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 158. 1803. Not L. Neottia odontorhiza Kuntze, l.c. In mossy woods and swamps. Infrequent or rare from the lower Hudson valley and the southern Catskills westward to Oneida and Livingston counties. Long Island and Staten Island and up the Hudson valley to West Point, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 260. 1915). Susquehanna and Chenango valleys, but not reported from west of Broome county, Cintc (FI. Upper Susquehanna 103. 1898). Otsego county, Gil¬ bert; Ravine near Deerfield creek, Paine ( Cat. PI. Oneida county, 139. 1865). Irondequoit bay, Fish; Bushnell’s Basin, Rockwell; Perinton, Baxter, Springwater, Livingston county, Baxter & Laird; Woolstons, Woodams (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 106. 1896; 5: 81. 1917). Syracuse, Underwood (Torreya 3: 54. 1903). Olive, Ulster county, Dcnslow. 4 Corallorrhiza striata Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 534. 1840 Striped coralroot C. Macraci A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 453. 1856 Neottia striata Kuntze, l.c. Troutburg, Monroe county, Lennon, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 106. 1896). annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 253 Subclass II DICOTYLEDONES Series I CHORIPETALAE Family 1 SAURURACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 184. 1836 Lizard’s-tail family SAURURUS L. Sp. PI. 341. 1753 Saururus cernuus L., l.c. Lizard’s-tail In swamps and shallow water. Frequent acrofes the State from the Hudson valley in Greene and Columbia counties to Jefferson county, westward and southward. Not reported from the Mohawk valley. Common on Long Island, Staten Island and about Oneida lake, the Clyde river, Cayuga marshes and along Lake Ontario. Family 2 JUGLANDACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 180. 1836 Walnut family JUGLANS L. Sp. PI. 997. 1753 1 Juglans nigra L. l.c. Black walnut In rich woods. Frequent or common across the State northward to Rensselaer, Washington and Saratoga counties, the Mohawk valley, Lewis and Jefferson counties and westward to Lake Erie. Rare in the Chemung and Tioga regions. Preferring rich soil, the species is much less common as a forest tree than formerly. 2 Juglans cinerea L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1415. 1763 Butternut, white walnut In rich or rocky woods, often along streams. Frequent or common across the State. In the Adirondacks only along streams below 1500 feet altitude. HICORIA Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 352. 1808 (as Scoria) (Hicorius Raf. 1817: Hicoria Britton, 1888) Cary a Nutt. Gen. 2: 221. 1818 i Hicoria cordiformis (Wang.) Britton, in Britton & Shafer, N. Am. Trees 228. 1908 Bitternut, swamp hickory Juglans alba minima Marsh. Arb. Am. 68. 1785. ./. cordiformis Wang. Nordam. Holz. 25. pi. 10. f. 25. 1787 J. angustifolia Lam. Encyc. Meth. 4: 504. 1797 J. amara Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 1: 177. t. 18. 1810 Carya amara Nutt., l.c. Hicorius amara Raf. FI. Ludov. 109. 1817 Hicoria minima Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 15: 284. 1888 Carya cordiformis Aschers. & Graebn. Syn. Mittle-Eur. FI. 4: 368. 1910. Not K. Koch, 1869 254 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In moist woods and in swamps. Common in most sections of the State. Rare or absent from most portions of the Adirondacks above 1500 feet altitude and from the higher Catskills, and not reported from the pine-barrens of Long Island. 2 Hicoria ovata (Mill.) Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 15: 283. 1888 Shag-bark or shell-bark hickory Juglans ovata Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, Juglans No. 6. 1768 Carya alba Nutt., l.c. Juglans squarrosa, Eaton, Man. 288. 1818 Hicorius alba Raf. Alsog. Am. 66. 1838 Carya ovata K. Koch, Dendrol. 1 : 598. 1869 Scoria ovata MacM. Met. Minn. 178. 1893 In rich soil. Common throughout most sections of the State outside of the Adirondack region and the higher Catskills. Not reported from the pine-barrens of Long Island. Var. fraxinifolia (Sargent) Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Soc. 34: 133. 1918 Carya ovata var. fraxinifolia Sarg. Trees & Shrubs 2: 207. 1913 A rather distinct variety, reported from the vicinity of Rochester, Conesus lake, Livingston county, Mount Morris ; Macedon, Wayne county; Canandaigua, Ontario county and Indian River, Lewis county. Var. Nuttallii (Sargent) Ashe, l.c. 132 Carya microcarpa Nutt. 1842. Not Nutt. 1818 C. ovata var. Nuttallii Sargent, l.c. A small-fruited variety, occasional in western New York. Specimens from Canandaigua are cited by Sargent. 3 Hicoria tomentosa (Lam.) Raf. Med. Repos. (If) 5: 352. 1808 (as Scoria) Mockernut, white-heart hickory Juglans alba L. Sp. PI. 997. 1753 J. tomentosa Lam. Encycl. 4: 504. 1797 Carya tomentosa Nutt. Gen. 2: 220. 1818 Carya alba K. Koch, Dendrol. 1 : 598. 1869 Hicoria alba Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 15: 283. 1888. Not Hicorius alba Raf., 1838 In rich soil. Occasional or rare in the Hudson valley in Albany and Rensselaer counties, southward to Long Island and Staten Island. Increasingly abundant westward across the State to Oneida, Jefferson, Monroe and Erie counties, but not reported from the Chenango valley (according to Clute). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 255 4 Hicoria glabra (Mill.) Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 15: 284. 1888 Pignut hickory Juglans glabra Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. Juglans No. 5. 1768 /. porcina Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 1 : 206. in part. t. 9. f. 3 & 4. 1810 J . porcina ficiformis Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 638. 1814 Hicorius porcina Raf. FI. Ludov. 109. 1817 Carya glabra Sweet, Hort. Brit. 97. 1827 In dry or moist woods. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State, except the Adirondack region, where it occurs only at lower elevations and in the lower valleys and foothills. 5 Hicoria ovalis (Wangenheim) Ashe, l.c. 133 Small-fruited hickory Juglans ovalis Wangenheim, Nordam. Holz. 24. t. JO. f. 23. 1787 Hicoria microcarpa Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. x: 486. /. II 57 . 1908; Britton & Shafer, N. Am. Trees 236. /. 193. 1908, as to tree described. Not Carya microcarpa Nutt. Carya ovalis Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 207. 1913 In moist or rich soil. Frequent or locally abundant across the State from Rensselaer and Saratoga counties westward and south¬ ward. Variable in regard to leaf and fruit characters. Var. megacarpa (Sargent) Ashe, l.c. 134. Carya megacarpa Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 201. pi. CLXXX. 1913 The type of this variety was found wild in Seneca Park, Rochester, and also occurs elsewhere about Rochester and near Albany and Ithaca. Var. obcordata (Muhl.) Ashe, l.c. 134 Juglans obcordata Muhl. in Neue Schr. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin 3: 392. 1801 Carya microcarpa Nutt. Gen. 2: 221. in part. 1818 Hicoria microcarpa Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 15: 283. 1888 Maplewood Park, Rochester, and also known from several other localities in western New York. Described by Pursh as Juglans porcina var. obcordata; by Spach, as Carya porcina, and by Sargent, as Hicoria glabra var. obcordata, and as Carya ovalis var. obcordata. Var. odorata (Marsh.) Ashe, l.c. 134 Juglans alba odorata Marsh, Arb. Am. 68. 1785 Hicoria microcarpa Britton, l.c. in part Hicoria microcarpa Raf. Alsog. Am. 66, 67. 1838 Carya ovalis var. odorata Sargent A rather frequent variety of the small-fruited hickory, easily distinguished by the strong pungent odor of the husks. Distributed across the. State from Rensselaer and Albany counties southward to Long Island and westward to Wyoming and Monroe counties. Doubtless of wider distribution in the State. Var. acuta (Sargent) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 233-234: 13. 1922 256 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Carya porcina var. acuta Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 200. 1913 C. ovalis var. obovalis Sargent, l.c. 209 C. ovalis var. obovalis forma acuta Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 66 : 247. 1918 Native in the parks of Rochester, and at Mendon, Monroe county. A recent study of typical trees of the so-called varieties acuta and obovalis at Rochester indicates that they are not distinct. 6 Hicoria laciniosa (Michx. f.) Sargent, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 354. 1894 Big shellbark Juglans laciniosa Miehx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 1: 199. t. 8. 1810 Carya sulcata Nutt. Gen. 2: 221. 1818 Juglans compressa Muhl., l.c. 390. ? Carya laciniosa Loud. Hort. Brit. 384. 1830 Hicorius sulcata Raf. FI. Ludov. 109. 18x7 In rich soil or bottomlands, chiefly along streams or near lakes. Wayne county, westward and southward. Reported eastward to Onondaga county. Hybrid hickories x Hicoria Laneyi (Sargent) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 233- 234: 14. 1922 ( H . cordiformis x ovata ) Carya Laneyi Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 196. pi. CLXXVIII. 1913 Riverside cemetery, Rochester, Brown, Dunbar & Sargent. x Hicora Dunbarii (Sargent) House, l.c. ( H . laciniosa x ovata ) Carya Dunbari Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 66: 254. 1918 Bottomlands of the Genesee river at Golah, Monroe county, Dunbar, type. Mount Morris, Livingston county, Dunbar. Family 3 MYRICACEAE Dumort. Anal. Fam. 95. 1829 Bayberry family MYRICA L. Sp. PI. 1024. 1753 Section Gale (Tourn.) Gale (Tourn.) Duhamel, Traite des Arb. & Arbustes t. 1. p. 253. 1755 ; Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 345. 1763 Cerophora (?) Raf. Alsog. Am. 11. 1838. Not Cerophora Raf. 1808 P i m e c a r i a Raf. l.c. 64 (?) A n g e r i a Tidestrom, Elysium Marianum 37. 1910 I Myrica Gale L., l.c. Bay bush, sweet gale M. palustris Lam. FI. Fr. 2: 236. 1778 M. brabantica S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 249. 1821 Gale uliginosa Spach, Hist. Veg. 2: 259. 1824 G. bclgica Dumort. FI. Belg. 12. 1827 Cerophora angustifolia & spicans Raf. Alsog. Am. 2: 12. 1838 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 257 In swamps, bogs and along streams and on the shores of ponds and lakes. Common across the State northward, and less frequent southward to Dutchess county, and locally on Long Island. Infrequent westward across the State to Wayne, Genesee and Chautauqua counties. The form with glabrous or glabrate foliage, said to be widely distributed southward to New Jersey, and which apparently includes most of the New York state material, is described as var. subglabra (Chevalier) Fernald (Rhodora 16: 167. 1914). Section Cerothamnus Morelia Small, FI. SE. U. S. 337. 1903 (Doubtfully of Lour. 1790) Cerothamnus Tidestrom, l.c. 37 2 Myrica carolinensis Mill. Card. Diet. ed. 8, No. 3. 1768 Northern bayberry M. heterophylla Raf. Alsog. Am. 9. 1838 (and apparently other so-called species, described in these pages) M. sessilifolia Raf., l.c. 10 M. cerifera Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 197. 1843. Not L. Morelia caroliniana Small, FI. SE. U. S. ed. 2, 337. 1913 In sandy swamps or sometimes in dry sandy places. In western New York, chiefly in marly bogs. Common on Long Island and Staten Island, and locally inland in the western part of the State from Madison county west to Genesee county. Banks of the Hudson, half a mile north of Cold Spring, Putnam county, Peck (25th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 107. 1873). Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell; Rochester, Dewey ; Parma, Monroe county, Bradley; Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 127. 1865). Caledonia, Livingston county, Clinton (19th Rep’t Regents 79. 1866). Adams Basin, Monroe county and in Wayne county, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 101. 1896). Near Buffalo and at Sheldon, Genesee county, Day (Cat. PI. Buffalo 69. 1883). Peterboro, Madison county, House. A hybrid between M. cerifera and M. carolinensis, which occurs in southern New Jersey, where the two species grow together, is described as Myrica Macfarlanei Youngken (Contr. Bot. Lab. Univ. Penn I V~ : 348. 1919)- Typical M. cerifera, however, is not known to occur in New York. COMPTONIA Banks; Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 2: 58. pi. po. 1791 Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coulter, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 127. 1894 Sweet fern, fern gale Liquidambar peregrina L. Sp. PI. 999. 1753 Myrica asplcnifolia L., l.c. 1024 L. asplcnifolia L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1418. 1763 C. asplcnifolia Gaertn., l.c. Myrica peregrina Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 638. 1891 258 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In dry, usually sandy soil, more rarely on rocky soil. Common on Long Island and Staten Island, and locally northward to the northern and central parts of the State. Rather common through¬ out the Adirondack region and the sandy lowlands of central New York. Less frequent or rare westward to Lake Erie. Family 4 SALICACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 186. 1836 Willow family POPULUS L. Sp. PI. 1034. 1753 1 Populus alba L., l.c. White or silver-leaf poplar, European aspen P. major Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, 1768 P. nivea Willd. Berl. Baumz. 227. 1796 In yards, along roadsides and in old fields. Naturalized from Europe and common in cultivation. A large number of varieties and forms are described in European botanical works, some of which may be looked for in this country in cultivation or as escapes, among them being variety Bolleana Masters (Gard. Chron, 18: 55C. /. p<5. 1882), frequent in cultiva¬ tion and rare as an escape. See Dippel, Handb. Laubh. 1892, and Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. der Mitteleuropaischen Flora IV : 15-54. 1908. 2 Populus canescens (Ait.) J. E. Smith, FI. Br. 3: 1080. 1804 Silver-leaf poplar P. alba var. cancscens Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 405. 1789 P. alba Willd. Berl. Baumz. 227. 1796. Not L. P. albo-trenmla Krause, jahrb. Schles. Gesell. 130. 1848 Native of Europe and frequent in cultivation. In some sections tending to become established, especially in and about cities. 3 Populus balsamifera L. Sp. PI. 1034. (excl. syn. Catesby) 1753 Tacamahac, balsam poplar P. Tacamaliacca Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 6. 1768 P. canadensis Moench, Verz. PI. 81. 1785 (regarded by Rehder, Jour. Arnold Arb. 4: ill. 1923, as a hybrid between P. balsamifera L. and P. nigra L.) In moist or rather dry soil, especially along streams and lakes and on ridges and summits. Common throughout the Adirondack region and across the northern part of the State. Less common southward to Dutchess county, the higher Catskills, and westward to Wyoming and Niagara counties. The leaves of this tree vary from broadly ovate to deltoid-ovate on new shoots or lanceolate on older branches on the same tree as shown by a series of specimens made by Peck from a single tree. The annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 259 leaves are prevailingly narrower however, in the .northern part of its range in this State (var. lanceolata Marsh.), and along Lake Ontario, and perhaps elsewhere prevailingly broader (var. 1 a t i f o 1 i a Loud.) Professor C. S. Sargent (Jour. Arnold Arb. 1 : 63), points out that the Populus balsamifera of Linnaeus, is based upon “ P. nigra, folio maximo, gemmis balsamum odoratissimum futenti- bus”, Catesby (Hist. Nat. Car. 1: 34. t. 34), a southern tree, and a tree which of course cannot be identified with the balsam poplar of the north. Catesby’s tree however, represents what Sargent calls a very local and rare form of the cottonwood (See Populus a n g u 1 a t a, as defined by Tidestrom) , with ovate leaves longer than broad, abruptly acuminate at the apex, subcordate or rarely truncate at the base, finely crenately serrate, 12-15 cm. long by 10-12 cm. broad. The flowers and fruit apparently do not differ from those of the common cottonwood, and the angular branchlets, often con¬ sidered a specific character, may or may not be of importance. This form of the cottonwood is rare in New York, but is known from Lake Champlain westward and southward. It has been variously designated as : P. carolinensis Moench, Verz. PI. 81. 1785 P. monilifera Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 406. 1789 P. angidata Ait., l.c. 407 P. angidata Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 3: pi. 12. 1813; Schneider. Ill. Handb. 1: 9. /. 1, O-p, 1904; Tidestrom, Rhodora 16: 208. /. 11-13. 1914 P. angulata var. missouriensis Henry, in Elwes & Henry, Trees of Gr. Br. 7 : 1811. 1913 While Sargent excludes “P. angulata Ait.” as a name for this tree, Tidestrom does not. The reference of Catesby which Sargent picks as the type of P. balsamifera L., is the third citation given by Linnaeus, and although it is the first citation associable with a plate, the first cita¬ tion from the Hortus Cliffortianus, is positively referable to our northern balsam poplar, it is the tree known to Linnaeus, and the fact that he erroneously referred Catesby’s plate to this species is quite parallel to numberless other such mistakes in the “Species Plantarum.” There seems to be no good reason to reject the well known Linnaean name for our northern poplar and substitute for it another, or to connect the name “balsamifera” with a tree of such doubtful specific value as possessed by P. angulata Michx. f. Sarg, Trees & Shrubs 2: 212. 1913, described from Quebec, is regarded as a hybrid between P. balsamifera and P. dcltoides. 4 Populus candicans Ait. Hort. Kew. 3 : 406. 1789 Balm of Gilead Roadsides and along streams and in old fields. Sometimes regarded as a native of the western states or Canada and supposed to be 26o NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM naturalized in this State. Appearing however as if indigenous along the shores of Lake Ontario. Common in cultivation. Farwell (Rhodora 21 : 101. 1919), decides that this species is the P. Tacamahaccaof Miller, and makes the common indigenous balsam poplar of the north a variety of it under the name of P. tacamahacca var. lanceolata (Marsh.) Farwell. This indicates the confusion and difference of opinion which results from the attempt by Sargent to displace the well known names for these species by names of doubtful application. 5 Populus heterophylla L. Sp. PI. 1034. 1753 Swamp or downy poplar In swamps on Long Island and Staten Island and locally north¬ ward to the Hudson highlands. Infrequent or rare. 6 Populus grandidentata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 243. 1803 Large-toothed aspen P. trepida Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 803. 1806 In rich woods, cut-over lands and forest openings. Common or frequent throughout most sections of the State. Tidestrom (Rhodora 16: 205. 1914), describes three forms of this tree, based upon what seems somewhat inconstant leaf characters, viz: f. septentrionalis (Canada and New England), f. meridionalis (New England and southward) and f. coelestina (mountains of Maryland). 7 Populus tremuloides Michx. l.c. American or quaking aspen P. trepida Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 618. 1814. Not Willd P. tremuliformis Emerson, Trees 243. 1846 P. tretnula Marsh. Arb. Am. 107. 1785. Not L. In dry or moist, usually poor soil. Common throughout most sections of the State, but infrequent on Long Island and rare in the pine-barren areas. Tidestrom has described two forms of this tree, viz : f . Davisiana (Am. Mid. Nat. 2: 33. 19 1 1 ) , and f. reniformis (Rhodora 16: 206. 1914). This tree was quite fully described long before Michaux’s publica¬ tion, by C. F. Ludwig (Neue Wilde Baumz. 35. 1783). In Darm¬ stadt, Germany, I was able to consult this rare publication, and it appears that the plants described were sent to Germany from the German colony at Athens on the Hudson river, in this State, and the species was designated as Populus athenensis. The date of the publication is uncertain, but is supposed to be about 1783. 8 Populus nigra L. Sp. PI. 1034. 1753 Black poplar P. canadensis Fouger, in Mem. Agric. Par. 94. 1786 P. hudsonica Michx. f. Silv. 2: 114. pi. 96. f. I. 1810 P. betulaefolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 619. 1814 P. nigra var. betulaefolia Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 216. 1843 annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 261 Uusally in moist soil. Frequent or common in many places and especially common in the valley of the Hudson river and along tribu¬ tary streams, where it has been naturalized from Europe in early colonial times. In general appearance slightly different from P. nigra of more recent introduction or from nursery grown stock, which is common in cultivation throughout the State and which shows an al¬ most equal tendency to become established. 9 Populus italica (DuRoi) Moench, Baume Weiss. 79. 1785 Lombardy poplar P. nigra italica DuRoi, Harbk. 2: 141. 1772 P. dilatata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 416. 1789 P. pyramidata Moench, Meth. 339. 1794 P. fastigiata Poir. in Lam. Diet. 5 : 235.. 1804 Originally native of western Asia, but apparently introduced centuries ago into Europe, from whence to America during colonial and subsequent times. Freely spreading and in some localities seemingly naturalized. 10 Populus deltoides Marsh. Arb. Am. 106, 107. 1785.* Cottonwood, Carolina poplar, necklace poplar P. nigra P, virginiana Castilioni, Viag. negli Stati Uniti 2: 374. 1790 P. canadensis Michx. f. Hist. Arb. 3: 302. /. 12. 1813 P. balsamifera var. virginiana Sargent, Jour. Arnold Arb. 1: 63. 1919 In moist soil, especially along streams and lakes. Frequent or locally abundant across the State from Lake Champlain west to Jefferson county (outside of the Adirondacks) , Lake Ontario and * Tidestrom (Rhodora 16: 208-209. 1914) recognizes three distinct species of cottonwoods, as indicated by the following synopsis : Leaves of a cordate type. Populus virginiana Fouger. Normal leaves (excel, petiole) 8-10 cm long and nearly as broad, ciliolate; the base varying from nearly truncate to cordate: rootshoot leaves larger: stamens 30-50 ; anthers yellow (reddish at first). Leaves of a deltoid or ovate type. Leaves predominately deltoid Populus deltoides Marsh. Normal leaves (excl. petiole) 8-10 cm long and nearly as broad: rootshoot leaves larger, 12-15 cm long and nearly as broad : stamens 30-50 ; anthers dark red. Leaves predominately ovate. Populus angulata Ait. and Michx. f. Normal leaves (excl. petiole) 8-10 cm long, nearly as broad ; the base varying from rounded to nearly truncate: rootshoot leaves 12-18 cm long, 12-15 cm broad, the base rounded ; flowers unknown. The young branches are of an olive- brown color, 5-winged, with scattered, oblong, 1 mm long, white lenticels. There is another type of leaves present on the young growth which I have not observed in the other species. In the latter, the serrations are much finer. The first of these is unknown in New York. The second is our commonest cottonwood. The third is the tree to which Sargent (see note under P. balsamifera), would apply the name P. balsamifera Linn. 262 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Lake Erie. Increasingly common southward and westward, especially along the larger streams and river valleys. Many forms of the Asiatic species, or perhaps hybrids of P. laurifolia Ledeb., and P. suaveolens Fisher, with the American P. balsamifera, are cultivated in western Europe and have been intro¬ duced into America to some extent. One of them under the name of P. Certinensis, has shown remarkable power to resist cold and drought, and is therefore commonly planted in the far Northwest. Trees of nursery origin (P. Eugenei Dode, probably originally from Europe, cf. Sargent, Trees and Shrubs 2: 212. 1913) also show apparent indications of being hybrids between P. nigra and some form of P. deltoides, and where P. nigra has long been naturalized as in this State, natural hybrids with P. deltoides, are apt to he found. SALIX (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 1015. 1753 1 Salix nigra Marsh. Arb. Am. 139. 1785 Swamp or black willow .S’. pentandra Walt. FI. Car. 243. 1788. Not L. .S’. caroliniana Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 226. 1803 .S’. lignstrina Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 3: 326. t. 5. f. 2. 1813 S. falcata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 614. 1814 5". Purshiana Spreng. Syst. 3: 608. 1826 Along streams and lakes. Common or frequent. Rarely found above 2000 feet altitude in the Adirondacks. Said to be rare or introduced in the pine-barrens of Long Island. The common form eastward is sometimes distinguished as var. falcata (Pursh) Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2 : 209. 1843). 2 Salix amygdaloides Anders. Ofv. Handl. Vet. Akad. 114. 1858 Peach-leaved willow On lakes and river shores. Frequent throughout the basin of the St Lawrence river. Lake Bonaparte, Hough (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 94: 42. 1903). Onondaga county, Goodrich. Monroe county, common (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 103. 1896). Cayuga lake, Cayuga marshes, etc. Dudley 41st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 58. 1888). Hybridizes with S. nigra. 3 Salix pentandra L. Sp. FI. 1016. 1753 Bay-leaved willow Frequent in cultivation, and rarely escaped or established in some localities. 4 Salix lucida Muhl. Neue Schrift. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin 4: 239. .pi. 6. f. 7. 1803 Shining or glossy willow In swamps and along streams and lakes. Common in most sections of the State, but less frequent in the southern counties and rare on annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 263 Long Island and Staten Island. Var. angustifolia Anders., Lake Champlain, Peck. Var. intonsa Fernald, Keene, Essex county, Peck. 5 Salix serissima (Bailey) Fernald, Rhodora 6: 6. 1903 Autumn willow S. lucida serissima Bailey; Geol. Surv. Minn. Bui. 3: 19. 1887 In bogs and swamps, frequent northward across the State, south to Tompkins county and westward to Genesee county. North Elba and Lake Bonaparte, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 94: 34. 1905). Oneida, Madison county, House. Lisbon, St Lawrence county, Phelps. Lake Placid and Fulton Chain, Peck (N. Y. State. Mus. Bui. 105: 35. 1906; 122: 135. 1908). Round marshes, McLean, Dudley. Bergen swamp, Genesee county and Spencerport, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 29. 82. 1910, 1917), Buffalo, G. W. Clinton. 6 Salix fragilis L. Sp. PI. 1017. 1753 Crack willow, brittle or snap willow Native of Europe and well established in the eastern part of the State and locally westward. 7 Salix interior Rowlee, Torr. Club Bui. 27: 253. 1900 River bank willow 5. longifolia Muhl., l.c. 238. pi. 6. f. 6. Not Lam. 1778 N. linearifolia Rydberg; Britton, Man. 316. 1901 Along streams and lakes. Clinton county and the St Lawrence river region westward along the rivers and lakes of central New York and the Ontario lowlands to Lake Erie, and locally southward into Pennsylvania. The var. Wheeleri Rowlee, is reported from Cayuga lake. 8 Salix alba L. Sp. PI. 1021. 1753 White or Common willow S. vitellina L., Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1442. 1763 In moist soil, especially along streams. Frequent or common. Naturalized from Europe in early colonial times and now found in nearly all of the thickly populated sections of the State. S. alba x nigra Bebb. (Gard. & For. 8: 432. f. 58. 1895. C. Hankensonii Dode, Bui. Soc. Bot. Franc. 60; 655. f. D. 1909), is recorded from Wayne county. 9 Salix babylonica L. Sp. PI. 1017. 1753 Weeping willow Native of Asia. Widely cultivated and sometimes spreading and tending to become naturalized. 264 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 10 Salix pyrifolia Anders. Vet. Acad. Handl. 61: 162. 1867 Balsam willow -S', cordata var. balsamifera Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 149. 1839 Y. balsamifera Barratt ; Hook. l.c. as synonym; Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 4: 190. 1879 In swamps and along the margins of lakes and ponds. Infrequent across the northern part of the State. South end of Lake Placid, and Mirror lake, Essex county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28; 124. 1899.) Bonaparte swamp, Lewis county, House. 11 Salix glaucophylla Bebb, in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 485. 1889 Broad-leaved willow In sand along the shore of Lake Ontario. Rare. 12 Salix cordata Muhl. Ncue Schrift. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin 4; 236. pi. 6. f. j. 1803 Heart-leaved willow .S', angustala Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 613. 1814 S. cordata aiigustata Anders, l.c. 159 S', missouriensis Bebb, Gard. & For. 8: 373. 1895 S. acutidens Rydberg; Britton, Man. 315. 1901 5. rigida Muhl.; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 212. 1843 5. Tnrrcyana Barratt, Salic. Am. No. 29 In wet soil. Common throughout the State, but rare in the pine- barrens of Long Island and the higher Adirondacks. Apparently hybridizes with S. sericea and other species, producing numerous perplexing forms. Salix myricoides Muhl., l.c. 235 pi. 6. f.2; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 207. 1843 (S. corda'a var. myricoides Carey), is regarded as a hy^brid between Y. cordata and .S'. sericea, and is rather frequent. Hybrids are described with S. Bebbiana; S. discolor; S. petiolaris;S. sericea ( =S. Bcbbii Gandoger ) ; S. 1 u c i d a ; S. P e d i c e 1 1 a r i s ; S. petiolaris. and S. incana Schrank (Dudley, Bui. Cornell Univ. 2: 90. 1886). 13 Salix syrticola Fernald, Rhodora, 9: 225. 1907 Furry willow S. adenophylla Bebb, The Lens 2: 249. 1873; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 1: 597. 1913. Not Hook. 1839 Sandy beaches along Lake Ontario. Rare. Woodville, Jefferson county, House. 14 Salix purpurea L. Sp. PI. 1017. 1753 Purple willow Sparingly escaped from cultivation across the State south of the Adirondacks. Native of Europe. annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 265 15 Salix viminalis L. Sp. PI. 1021. 1753 Osier or basket willow Cultivated for wicker-ware and occasionally escaped and spreading into wet places, especially in Onondaga county and locally elsewhere. Native of Europe and Asia. 16 Salix Candida Fluegge ; Willd. Sp. FI. 4: 708. 1805 Hoary or sage willow A. incana Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 225. 1803. Not Schrank In bogs and swamps and on wet shores. Frequent throughout the northern, central and western parts of the State, south to Dutchess county, and reported from Westchester county and Staten Island. Hybrids with S. petiolaris and S. cordata, have been described (cf. Sargent, Gard. Chron. N. S. 10: 818. 1878, & S. Clarkei Bebb. ; Rowlee & Wiegand, Torr. Club Bui. 23: 196. 1896.) 17 Salix sericea Marsh. Arb. Am. 140. 1785 Silky willow S. grisea Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 699. 1805 A. petiolaris var. grisea Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 207. 1843 In swamps and along streams and lakes. Frequent in the northern part of the State. Less common southward to Rensselaer, Ulster, and Tioga counties and west to Lake Erie. 18 Salix subsericea (Anders.) Schneider, Handb. Laubh. 1: 65. 1904 .S’, petiolaris var. subsericea Anders, in DC. Prodr. 162: 234. 1864 .S’, sericea subsericea Rydb. in Britton, Man. 318. 1901 According to Forbes (Rhodora 11: 10-12. 1909), the range of this extends “ westward to southern New York.” This has been re¬ garded both as a hybrid between S. sericea and S', petiolaris, and as a variety of each. Schneider (Jour. Arnold Arb. 3: 84. 1922) re¬ gards it as a hybrid of the two species mentioned, and the name is invalidated by S. subsericea Roell. 1859. 19 Salix Caprea L. Sp. PI. 1020. 1753 Reported as established at Orient, Long Island, and at Rochester. Native of Europe. 20 Salix petiolaris J. E. Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. 6: 122. 1802 Slender willow Y. gracilis Anders. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 67. 1858 In swamps and along streams. Frequent across the State south to Dutchess and Orange counties in the Hudson valley. Infrequent westward to Lake Erie. 266 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 21 Salix Bebbiana Sarg. Gard. & For. 8: 463. 1895 Beaked, livid or Bebb’s willow S. rostrata Richards. Frankl. Jour. App. 753. 1823. Not Thuill. 1799 In boggy or springy places, sometimes in rather dry soil or along streams and shores. Common northward and frequent or occasional southward to Long Island and westward across the State. 22 Salix discolor Muhl. Neue Schrift. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin 4: 234. pi. 6. f. 1. 1803 Pussy, glaucous or silver willow S. crioccphala Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 225. 1803 A. prinoides Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 613. 1814 S. lanrentiana Fernald, Rhodora 9: 221. 1907 In swamps or on moist hillsides, often along streams and shores. Variable in leaf-form and degree of pubescence ; the most marked varieties being var. eriocephala (Michx.) Anders., and var. prinoides (Pursh) Anders., the latter including many narrow¬ leaved forms of which some are probably hybrids with V. cordata. Salix squamata Rydberg, reported from near New York City by Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 265. 1915), is closely related to and prob¬ ably a form of this species. Hybrids are described with S. humilis,S. pyrifolia and S. cordata. 23 Salix humilis Marsh. Arb. Am. 140. 1785 Prairie willow A. conifera Muhl., l.c. pi. 6. f. 9. Not Wang. A. Muhlenbergii Barratt ; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 205. 1843 In dry, often sandy soil. Frequent or common in the St Lawrence basin, and southward to Tioga and Chautauqua counties. Rare and local eastward and southward in the eastern portion of the State. A hybrid with S. discolor is occasionally found, and hybrids with S. petiolaris and s e r i c e a have been described. 24 Salix tristis Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 393. 1789 Dwarf gray or sage willow A. alpina Walt. FI. Car. 243. 1788 S. longirostris Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 226. 1803 Sandy plains or on the borders of hillside thickets, chiefly near the coast. Frequent on Long Island and Staten Island. 25 Salix uva-ursi Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 610. 1814 Bearberry willow S. Cutleri Tuckerm. Am. Jour. Sci. 45: 36. 1843; Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 213. 1843 annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 267 On the alpine summits of the higher Adirondacks. Rare. Mount Marcy and Whiteface, Hall (Torrey, l.c.). Mount Mc¬ Intyre and Mount Wright, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 124. 1899). 26 Salix pedicellaris Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 61 1. 1814 Bog willow S. myrtilloides Tuckerm. Am. Jour. Sci. 45: 34. 1843. Not L. In bogs. Frequent in the Adirondack region and across the northern part of the State. Rare or local southward to Dutchess, Ulster and Otsego counties, and westward to Seneca, Wayne, Mon¬ roe and Erie counties. Var. hypoglauca Fernald (Rhodora 11: 161. 1909), is reported from St Lawrence, Franklin and Seneca counties, and is the common form of the species northward, but not always clearly distinguished from the type. In Rhodora 16: 109. 1914 Is described a hybrid with S . t r i s t i s . 27 Salix herbacea L. Sp. PI. 1018. 1753 Dwarf willow An arctic-alpine species, found in this State only on the summit of Mount McIntyre, Essex county, House. Family 5 CORYLACEAE Mirbel, Elem. 2: 296. 1815 BETULACEAE Agardh. Aphor. 208. 1825 Birch family CARPINUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 998. 1753 Carpinus caroliniana Walt. FI. Car. 236. 1788 American hornbeam, blue beach, water beech C. americana Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 210. 1803 C. Betulus virginiana Marsh. Arb. Am. 25. 1785 In moist woods and along streams. Frequent or common across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks and largely absent from the coastal plain of Long Island. OSTRYA (Micheli) Scop. FI. Carn. 414. 1760 Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch, Dendr. 22: 6. 1873 Hop hornbeam, ironwood Carpinus virginiana Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, 1768 C. virginica Muench. Hausv. 5: 120. 1770 C. Ostrya: americana Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 202. 1803 C. Ostrya Marsh. Arb. Am. 25. 1785. Not L. Ostrya virginica Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 469. 1805 In dry or rich woodlands and along streams or shores. Common throughout most sections of the State. Rare in the higher Adiron¬ dacks as well as on Long Island and Staten Island. Var. glandulosa Sargent (Bot. Gaz. 67: 216. 1919) with glandular hairs on the branchlets, petioles and peduncles, occurs in western New York, but is scarcely of varietal rank. 268 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM CORYLUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 998. 1753 1 Corylus americana Walt. FI. Car. 236. 1788 Hazelnut, filbert C. humilis Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 983. 1809 In moist or dry, often sandy thickets. Frequent or locally abundant across the State south of the Adirondack region. Rare in the pine- barrens of Long Island and not common in the western counties of the State. Wiegand (Rhodora 11: 107. 1909), indicates characters with which to distinguish this species from the next in winter and spring condition before the leaves appear. 2 Corylus cornuta Marsh. Arb, Am. 37. 1785 Beaked hazelnut C. rostrata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 364. 1789 In thickets and thin woods. Common throughout the northern part of the State. Less frequent south of the Mohawk valley and southward on the highlands of the Hudson valley, the Catskill mountains, Chenango and Tioga counties and rare westward to Lake Erie. Apparently absent from the Ontario lowlands. BETULA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 982. 1753 1 Betula alba L. Sp. PI. 982. 1753 European white birch B. pcndula Roth, Tent. FI. Germ. 1 : 405. 1788 B. verrucosa Ehrh. Beitr. 5: 161. 1789 Common in cultivation and reported as established at Rochester and in a few other localities. 2 Betula coerulea Blanchard, Betula 1:1. 1904 Rocky woodlands and upland slopes. Sandlake, Peck. In foliage B. caerulea is a good combination of B. populifolia and B. caeruleagrandis ; in fruiting aments much closer to B. populifolia, having short, horizontally divergent and puberulent scales. Of similar range to B. caeruleagrandis, and to be looked for in the region adjacent to Vermont. Betula caeruleagrandis Blanchard, Betula 1: No. 1, May 7, 1904 ( B . caerulea var. grandis Blanchard; B. caerulea var. Blanchardii Sarg. Man. Trees, 202 /. 168 A. 1905; B. pcndula Robinson & Fernald, Gray, Man. ed. 7, 335- 1908). Branchlets and leaves strictly glabrous from the first; leaves very similar in shape and size to those of B. populifolia, but with a lustrous blue-green upper surface. Fruiting aments thicker and resembling those of B. papyrifera, their scales glabrous, except for the ciliated margins. Nova Scotia to Quebec, Maine and Vermont (Fernald, Rhodora 24: 1 7 1 . 1922). To be looked for in Washington and Rensselaer counties. What is apparently this species, is reported from Glenmont, Albany county (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 15. 1923)- annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 269 3 Betula populifolia Marsh. Arb. Am. 19. 1785 Gray birch, American white birch B. lenta DuRoi, Harbk. 1: 92. 1771. Not L. B. excelsa canadensis Wang. Nordam. Holz. 86. 1787 B. alba var. populifolia Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 15: 187. 1841 In moist or dry soil, often in sandy or rocky places. Common in the eastern and central portions of the State and throughout most of the Adirondack region at lower elevations, and the St Lawrance basin. Rare in the northern Adirondacks (not reported from North Elba by Peck). Not reported from the Chenango and Chemung valleys by Clute. Common in the Ontario lowlands, but rare in the highlands of central and western New York. 4 Betual papyrifera Marsh. Arb. Am. 19. 1785 Paper or canoe birch B. lenta Wang. Nordam. Holz. 45. 1787. Not L. B. papyracea Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 337. 1789 B. alba var. papyrifera Spach, l.c. B. latifolia Tausch, Flora 11: 751. 1838 In moist stony or sandy soil. Common throughout the Adirondack region and the northern counties of the State, where it ascends to higher elevations than any other deciduous-leaved tree. Less common southward to Dutchess county and the Catskill mountains, Delaware and Broome counties and locally westward to Lake Erie. Reported from Wading River, Long Island. At high elevations reduced to the so-called var. minor (Tuckerm.) Wats. & Coult., in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 472. 1889 ( B . papyracea var. minor Tuckerm, Am. Jour. Sci. 45: 31. 1843; B. a^a var- minor Lernald l.c. IV. 14: 179. 1902). On and near the open summits of Mount Marcy, Mount Clinton, Mount Mclntrye, Mount Wright, Haystack, Indian Pass and other exposed summits. Var. cordifolia (Regal) Lernald, Rhodora 3: 173. 1901. — H. Winkl. Betul. in Pflanzenreich IV : 61. 84. 1904. B. cordifolia Regel, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 18: 86 t. 12. f. 29-36. 1861 B. alba subsp. papyrifera , B. cordifolia Regel, in DC. Prodr. i62 : 166. 1864 B. papyracea var. cordifolia Dippel, Handb. Laubh. 2: 177. 1892 B. alba var. cordifolia Fernald, Am. Jour. Sci. IV. 14: 177. 1902 In moist stony or rocky places and on open slopes. Lrequent across the northern Adirondacks. By some authorities treated as a distinct species, but too many intermediate forms occur. This species is said to be rather closely related to B. pubescens Ehrh. of Europe. Sargent (Gard. & Lor. 8: 355. /. 50. 1895), describes apparent hybrids between B. papyrifera and B. populifolia , from northern and eastern New England. 270 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 5 Betula nigra L. Sp. PI. 982. 1753 River birch, red birch B. lanulosa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 181. 1803 B. rubra Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 2: 142. t. 3. 1812 Along streams and lakes. Infrequent in the lower Hudson valley northward to Saugerties. Occasional on Staten Island. Reported from hut not recently collected on Long Island. Along Fish creek, Oneida county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 127. 1865) and more recently collected there, House. Paine also reports it from Deer¬ field creek near Utica. 6 Betula lenta L. Sp. PI. 983. 1753 Cherry, black or sweet birch B. nigra DuRoi, Obs. 30. 177 1. Not L. B. carpinifolia Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 99. 1791 In rich soil of moist woods and slopes, sometimes in swamps. Common across the middle part of the State, but less frequent north¬ ward to Lake Champlain and to St Lawrence county, chiefly out¬ side of the Adirondacks, and southward to Long Island. J. G. Jack (Gard. & For. 8: 243. f. 36. 1895) describes a hybrid between B. lenta and pumila, which appeared naturally in the Arnold Arboretum. 7 Betula lutea Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 2: 152. t. 5. 1812 Yellow birch, gray birch B. lenta. 0. lutea Regel. in DC. Prodr. 162: I7Q. 1868 B. alleghaniensis Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 31: 166. 1904 B. lutea var. alleghaniensis Ashe, Bui. Charleston Mus. 14: II. 1918 B. carpinifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 181. 1803. Not Ehrh. B. excelsa Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 621. 1814. Not Ait. In rich or moist woodlands, sometimes in wet soil. Common in the Catskill mountains and the Hudson highlands, southward and westward, often more or less indistinguishable from the northern variety macrolepis Fernald (Rhodora 24 : 170. 1922), very common northward across the State, especially in the Adirondack region and westward along the Great Lakes. According to Fernald (l.c.) the typical B. lutea is the more south¬ ern, or Appalachian form, which was described by Britton as B. alleghaniensis, and to the common northern form, regarded by Britton (N. Am. Trees 258, /. 2/7. 1908), as B. lutea, Fernald gives the varietal name macrolepis. 8 Betula glandulosa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 180. 1803 Glandular or scrub birch B. nana Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 301. t. 114. 1843. Not L. B. Littelliana Tuckerm. Am. Jour. Sci. 45: 31. 1843 A northern, arctic-alpine species, reported in this State only from the open summits of Mount Marcy and Mount McIntyre (4800-5400 feet altitude). annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 271 9 Betula pumila L. Mant. 124 1767 Bog birch, low birch B. humilis Marsh. Arb. Am. 19. 1785 B. alpestris Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. 1: 212. 1846 B. pumila var. glandulifera Regel, in DC. Prodr. i6h 171. 1864 In bogs and swamps. Frequent across the northern part of the State and in the northern and western counties outside of the Adiron- dacks. Locally abundant southward to Cortland and Dutchess coun¬ ties and westward to Lake Erie. ALNUS (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Dist. abr. ed. 4. 1754 Betula-Alnus Marsh. Arb. Am. 20. 1785 Ainas ter Spach, Ann. Sc. Nat. II. 15: 200. 1841 Alnobetula Schur. in Verh. Siebend. Ver. Naturw. 4: 68. 1853 1 Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. FI. Fr. 3: 304. 1805 Green or mountain alder Betula viridis Chaix, in Villars, Hist. PI. Dauph. 1: 374. 1786; 3: 789. 1789 B. Alnobetula Ehrh. Beitr. 2: 72. 1788 B. ovata Schrank, Baier. FI. 1: 419. 1789 Alnus alpina Borkh. Handb. Forstbot. 1: 477. 1800 A. undulata Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 336. 1805 A. Mitchelliana M. A. Curtis; Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 42: 42. 1842 A. Alnobetula Hartig, Naturg. forstb. Kulturpfl. 372. 1851 Tickets, shores, slopes and rocky banks of ponds and lakes. Frequent across the northern part of the State and the higher Adirondacks, chiefly above 2000 feet elevation. Rare and local south¬ ward to Washington, Fulton, Oneida, Oswego and Lewis counties. The common form in this State differs slightly from the typical European plant by its thicker, firmer and more rugose leaves, greener beneath, and may be designated as var. crispa (Ait.) comb. nov. ( Betula crispa Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 339. 1789, B. Alnus crispa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 181. 1803. Alnus crispa Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 623. 1814). Some specimens, however, approach the European form in leaf-texture (Black mountain, Washington county, Burnham) . Var. Fernaldii nom. nov. (Alnus mollis Fernald, Rhodora 6: 162. 1904). Young twigs and branchlets densely pubescent, the leaves with a dense plush¬ like pubescence beneath. This corresponds rather closely to the European A. virdis var. mollis Beck, FI. Nieder-Oesterr. 262. 1890 (A. Alnobetula var. mollis Callier), and may indeed, be the same thing. Dwarfed, semiprostrate plants with small leaves, found on the summits of Mount Marcy and other Adirondack peaks, show an approach to A. viridis var. repens (Wormskj.) Aschers. & Graebn. Syn. Mittleeu. FI. 4: 415. 1911 (A. re pens Wormskj. in Hornem. Fors. oec. pi. ed. 3, x: 959. 1821 — FI. Dan. t. 2738). 2 Alnus incana (L.) Medic. Pfl. Anat. 393. 1799-1801 Speckled or hoary alder Betula Alnus P incana L. Sp. PI. 983. 1753 B. incana L. f. Suppl. 417. 1781. Betula-Alnus glauca Marsh. Arb. Am. 20. 1785 Alnus lanuginosa Gilib. Excerit. Phyt. 2: 402. 1792 A glauca Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 3: 322. t. 4. f. 2. 1813 A. incana var. glauca Gray, Man. 423. 1848 272 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In wet soil and in swamps and along streams and shores. Com¬ mon northward across the State, westward to Lake Erie. Less frequent southward and apparently absent from the coastal plain. Leaves not glutinous when young, oval-elliptical, mostly acute or short- acuminate, usually rounded at the base, doubly serrate, the upper surface dark green with impressed veins, the lower mostly downy on the nerves and ferruginous to glaucous, pistillate aments nearly sessile or the lowest ones stalked. Twigs usually velvety gray. 3 Alnus rubra (Marsh.) Desf. ; Steud. Nom. ed. 1, 29. 1821 Betula Alnus-rugosa DuRoi, Harbk. 1: 112. 1771 Betula- Alnus rubra Marsh. Arb. Am. 20. 1785 Alnus scrrulata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 336. 1789 Alnus rugosa Spreng. Syst. 3: 848. 1826 A. canadensis Lodd. ; Loud. Hort. Brit. 378. 1830 A. novcboraccnsis Britton, Torreya 4: 124. 1904 In wet soil, in swamps and along streams and lakes. Common across the State, chiefly south of, or outside of the Adirondacks. Young branches angular, purplish; young twigs rusty to nearly smooth; leaves obovate, acute at base, sharply and almost regularly serrate with small teeth, usually green on both surfaces or somewhat paler green beneath and more or less pubescent, but not distinctly grayish or bluish-green, the prin¬ cipal veins rarely or not conspicuously impressed above; pistillate aments usually crowded, the lowest or lower ones rather long-stalked. DuRoi used the specific name Alnus-rugosa, not rugosa, which must date from Sprengel. Marshall used the hyphenated name Betula- Alnus in a generic sense, and his specific name rubra is to be preferred. 4 Alnus Alnus (L.) Britton; Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. ed. 2, 1 : 613. 1913 European alder Betula Alnus L. Sp. PI. 983. 1753 B. Alnus var. glutinosa L., l.c. Alnus vulgaris Hill. Brit. Llerb. 510. 1756 A. glutinosa Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 2: 54. 1791 In wet places. Reported as an escape from cultivation in the vicinity of New York City and about Rochester. Native of Europe Family 6 FAGACEAE Drude, Phan. 409. 1879 Beech family FAGUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 997. 1753 Fagus grandifelia Ehrh. Beitr. 3; 22. 1788. American beech F. americana latifolia Muench. Hausv. 5: 162. 1770 F. sylvatica atropunicea Marsh. Arb. Am. 22. 1785 F. ferruginea Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 362. 1789 F. americana Sweet, Hort. Brit. 370. 1826. F. latifolia Sudw. Nomencl. Arb. U. S. 148. 1897 In rich soil. Common throughout the State, but scarce in the pine-barrens of Long Island. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 273 CASTANEA (Tourn.) Hill, Brit. Herb. 509. 1756 Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Handb. Forstbot. 1 : 741. 1800 American chestnut F agus-castanea dentata Marsh. Arb. Am. 46. 1785 C. vesca var. amcricana Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: ig.T 180.3 Frequent or common across the State south of the Adirondack region, but rare or lacking in the pine-barrens of Long Island. North¬ ward in the Hudson valley to Washington, Fulton and Saratoga counties. Largely absent from the upper Mohawk valley and from the hills of central and western New York, but common on the Ontario lowlands from Oneida lake and Oswego county westward to Lake Erie, and in all of the valleys of the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. Castanea pumila (L.) Mill., the Chinquapin, was reported from Long Island by W. R. Prince (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 196. 1843). but has not been known to occur as a native in the State within the past century, although it probably occurred sparingly on western Long Island in colonial times. QUERCUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 994. 1753 Section Erythrobalanus Spach 1 Quercus rubra L. Sp. PI. 996. 1753 Red oak Q. rubra, P L., l.c. Q. rubra maxima Marsh. Arb. Am. 122. 1785 Q. rubra, var. latifolia Lam. Encycl. 1: 721. 1785 Q. borealis var. maxima Sarg. Rhodora 18: 48. 1916 -Ashe, Proc. Soc. Am. For. 11 : 90. 1916 Common in rich woods and on hillsides and uplands across the State chiefly outside of the higher Adirondacks, but not infrequent in some of the lower valleys and foothills of that region. In its typical form with very large acorns with very shallow cups not infrequently intergrading with the1 so-called variety (the gray oak) which has smaller acorns and deeper cups, and which does not seem to have in this State any distinct geographical range from that of the typical Q. rubra, and has been maintained in some works as distinct, but is at most only a variety. Var. borealis (Michx. f.) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 60. 1923 Q. borealis Michx. f. N. Am. Sylv. 1: 98. pi. 26. 1817 Q. ambigua Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 2: 120. pi. 24. 1812. Not Humb. & Bonpl. Typical specimens of this variety occur in the Hudson highlands, and locallv northward to Washington, Warren, Hamilton and TefTer- son counties, and along the Great Lakes. 274 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM According to Sargent (Rhodora 17: 39. 1915), the Linnaean type of Q. rubra is the tree more recently called Q. falcata or Q. digitata, and hence chiefly south of our borders. This is quite parallel to the confusion which Sargent has caused in the names of the balsam poplar. If Q. rubra rested absolutely upon the Gronovian and Plukenet citations, the change though regrettable might be excused. However it happens that Q. rubra was briefly described by Linnaeus in the Species Plantarum, and the Gronovian and Plukenet citations merely appended, and in this case as in numerous other Linnaean species of the Species Plantarum, wrongly so. Nothing is to be gained by such changes and in most instances of this sort the alternative plant has since received a valid name, and the well known and long used Linnaean name can be retained by merely excluding the wrongly appended citations. Q. Porteri Trelease, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 56: 51. 1917, is described as a hybrid between Q. rubra and Q. velutina. 2 Quercus palustris DuRoi, Harbk. 2 : 268. pi. 5. f. 4. 1772 Swamp oak, pin oak In moist or swampy ground. Frequent in the lower Hudson valley, north to Dutchess and Greene counties. Reported from Schenectady by Pearson (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 126. 1865). Rare in the pine-barrens of Long Island. The hybrid between 0. palustris and Q. rubra is known as x Q. Richteri Baenitz, Alleg. Bot. Zeit. 9: 83. 1903 3 Quercus coccinea Wang. Amer. 44. pi. 4 f. p. 1787 Scarlet oak In dry soil. Frequent or common in southern New York, especially in the lower Hudson valley and on Long Island and Staten Island. Rare northward to the Mohawk valley, and locally west¬ ward to Lake Erie, but not reported from the upper Susquehanna or Chenango valleys, but said to be frequent in the southern tier of counties from Broome county westward. Q. Robbinsii Trelease. l.c. 31 (coccinea x ilicifolia) and Q. Benderi Baenitz, l.c. ( coccittca x rubra), are hybrids which may be looked for in this State. 4 Quercus velutina Lam. Encycl. 1: 721. 1785 Black oak, quercitron, Dyer’s oak Q. nigra DuRoi, Harbk. 2: 272. t. 6. f. I. 1772 (excl. syn.). Q. discolor Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 358. 1789 Q. tinctoria Bartram, Travels, name only. 1791; Michx. Hist. Chen. Am. No. 13. t. 24, 25. 1801 In dry, often sandy or rocky soil. Common, especially in barren or sterile soil, across the State, northward to Lake George and Saratoga county, in central New York about Oneida lake and in Oswego county and in the Ontario lowlands westward to Lake Erie. annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 275 5 Quercus triloba Michx. Hist. Chen. Am. No. 14. pi. 26. 1801 Spanish or water oak Q. cuneata Wang. Nordam. Holz. 78. t. 5. f. 14. 1787 Q. nigra digitata Marsh. Arb. Am. 121. 1785 Q. falcata Michx., l.c. 16. pi. 28 Q. elongata Willd. Neue Schrift. Gesell. Nat. Fr. Berlin 3: 400. 1801 (J. digitata Sudw. Gard. & For. 5: 99. 1892 Recorded from Long Island, but not definitely verified, according to Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 277. 1915). 6 Quercus pagoda Raf. Alsog. Am. 23. 1838 Elliott’s oak Q. falcata pagodaefolia Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 605. 1824 Q. pagodaefolia Ashe, Bot. Gaz. 24: 375. 1897 West Hempstead, Long Island, Taylor (Torreya 10: 226. 1910) 7 Quercus ilicifolia Wang. Amer. 79. pi. 6. f. 17. 1787 Bear or scrub oak Q. rubra nana Marsh. Arb. Am. 123. 1785 Q. Banisteri Michx. Hist. Chen. Am. No. 15. pi. 27. 1801 Q. nana Sudw. Gard. & For. 8: 93. 1895 In sterile, or dry, usually sandy or rocky soil. Common on Long Island and Staten Island, the Hudson highlands, the sandy plains of Albany, Schenectady and Saratoga counties and occasional west¬ ward to the Chenango, Susquehanna and Tioga valleys. Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 126. 1865) reports it from the pine plains of Rome, where it was observed as common along what is known as the Oswego road, by the writer in 1920 and 1921. Holzer (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 102. 1896) is given as authority for its occurrence near Rochester, which has not been verified. It is re¬ ported from Lewis county by Hough. Sargent (N. Am. Silva 8: 156. 1895), reports it from Lake George (in Herb. Engelmann). In the pine-plains west of Albany it hybridizes with Q. velutina, (x Q. Rehderi Trelease, l.c. 51) and in New Jersey with Q. Phellos; (x Q. Giffordii Trelease, l.c. 49; Peters, in Torr. Club Bui. 20: 295- i893)- 8 Quercus marilandica Muench. Hausv. 5: 253. 1770 Black jack or barren oak Q. nigra, P L. Sp. PI. 995- 175-3 Q. nigra Wang. Nordam. Holz. 133. 1781; Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 188. pi. CV . i843 Q. ferruginea Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 2: 92. t. 18. 1812 In dry sandy soil. Uncommon on Long Island and Staten Island, but not reported northward. 2/6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM x Quercus Rudkini Britton (Torr. Club. Bui. 9: 13. t. 10-12. f. i-$- 1882), from Staten Island, is a hybrid between Q. marilandica and Q. Phellos. x Quercus Brittoni W. T. Davis (Torr. Club Bui. 19: 301. 1892), from Staten Island, is a hybrid between Q. marilandica and Q. ilicifolia. 9 Quercus Phellos L. Sp. PI. 994. 1753. Willow oak In low or moist woods. Infrequent on Staten Island and rare on Long Island south of the moraine. x Quercus heterophylla Michx. f. (Hist. Chen. Am. 2: 97. pi. 16. 1812), the Bartram Oak, which occurs from Staten Island southward, is regarded by Sargent (l.c. 180) as a hybrid between Q. Phellos and Q. velutma. Doctor Hollick, however, regards the Staten Island specimens as hybrids between Q. Phellos and Q. rubra (Torr. Club Bui. 15: 303. t. 84, 85. 1888). 0. Hollickii Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubh. 1 : 165. 1904. 10 Quercus imbricaria Michx. Hist. Chen. Am. No. 9. pi. 15, 16. 1801 Shingle oak Flushing, Long Island, perhaps cultivated, Taylor (Torreya 10: 226. 1910). Sargent gives the range as Lehigh county, Penn¬ sylvania, southward and westward. For hybrids of Q. imbricaria, see Trelease, l.c. 49. Section Lepidobalanus Endl. 11 Quercus alba L. Sp. PI. 996. 1753 White oak In rich woods, sometimes in rocky places or in poor soil. Common across the State south of the Adirondacks, and locally northward both east and west of the mountains and up the lower valleys of the region. x Quercus Jackiana Schneider, l.c. 202, a hybrid between 0. alba and Q. bicolor, is reported from near Rochester. x Quercus Saulii Schneider, l.c., a hybrid between Q. alba and Q. Prinus, has been collected in the Hudson valley. Other hybrids which may be looked for in New York are: x Q. Bebbiana Schneider (alba x macrocar pa) x Q. Deami Trelease (alba x Muhlenbergii) x Q. Faxoni Trelease (alba x prinoides) x Q. Fernowi Trelease (alba, x stellata ) 12 Quercus stellata Wang. Amer. 78. pi. 6. f. 75. 1787 Post or iron oak O. alba minor Marsh. Arb. Am. 120. 1785 Q. obtusiloba Michx. Hist. Chen. Am. 1 : pi. 1. 1801 Q. minor Sar^. Gard. & For. 2: 471. 1889 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 277 In dry, usually sandy soil. Southern New York on Long Island and Staten Island, and northward to Larchmont, Westchester county. Paine’s report (Cat. 125. 1865) of this species from Schenectady has not been verified, but considering the many other coastal-plain species found on the sand plains between Albany and Schenectady, it is not improbable that this tree may once have occurred there, although not seen there in recent years. 13 Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Hist. Chen. Am. 2: pi. 23. 1801 Mossy-cup, blue or bur oak Q. olivaeformis Michx. f. Arb. Am. 2: pi. 2. 1812 In rich, often alluvial soil, and on hillsides. Frequent across the State south of the Adirondack region, and northward to Lake Champlain, St Lawrence and Jefferson counties. Not reported from south of Greene county in the Hudson valley and rare in the Sus¬ quehanna region. A hybrid with 0. Muhlenbergii is known as x Q. Hillii Trelease, l.c. 49. 14 Quercus bicolor Willd. Neue Schrift. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin 3: 396. 1801 Swamp white oak Q. alba palustris Marsh. Arb. Am. 120. 1785 Q. Primts, P. platanoidcs Lam. Encycl. 1: 720. 1785 Q. Prinus tomentosa Michx. Hist. Arb. Am. f. 9. 1801 Q. Prinus discolor Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 2: 46. t. 6. 1812 Q. bicolor, P. mollis Nutt. Gen. 2: 215. 1818 Q. platanoidcs Sudw. Rep’t Sec’y, Agric. 1892: 327. 1893 In moist or swampy soil. Frequent or locally common across the State south of the Adirondack region, northward to Saratoga and St Lawrence counties. Not reported from the pine-barrens of Long Island. A hybrid with Q. macrocarpa is known as x Q. Schuettei Trelease, l.c. 51. 15 Quercus Prinus L. Sp. PI. 996. 1753 Rock chestnut oak Q. Prinus monticola Michx. Hist. Chen. Am. 1 : pi. 7. 1801 Q. montana Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 440. 1805 Q. Castanea Emerson, Trees Mass. 137. t. 5. 1838 In dry soil, chiefly in rocky woods and uplands. Frequent in the Hudson valley northward to Lake Champlain and westward to central New York and Lake Erie. Increasingly abundant south¬ ward on the Appalachian plateau region. Sargent (Rhodora 17: 39. 1915) indicates that because Catesby’s figure cited by Linnaeus belongs to what we have in recent years called Q. Michauxii, the name Q. Prinus L. should be applied to Q. Michauxii. The first part of the Linnaean description is taken from the Hortus Cliffortianus, and refers ’■ Shout doubt to our northern rock chestnut oak. The same reasons for rejecting this proposed change apply here as in the case of Q. rubra. 278 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 16 Quercus Muhlenbergii Engelm. Trans. St Louis Acad. 3: 391. 1877 Chinkapin oak, yellow chestnut oak Q. Prinus acuminata Michx. Hist. Chen. Am. 1 : 5. pi. 8. 1801 Q. Castanea Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 634. 1814; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 193. 1843 Not Nee. 1801 Q. acuminata SarR. Gard. & For. 8: 93. 1895. Not Roxb. 1832 In dry soil, preferring limestone ridges and ledges. Frequent from Gardner’s Island, Lake Champlain southward in the Hudson valley to Peekskill, westward to Onondaga, Monroe and Niagara counties. Infrequent or rare in the southern tier of counties border¬ ing on Pennsylvania. Quercus Alcxandcri Britton, Man. 336. 1901, is sometimes re¬ garded as a distinct species, but is probably only a slightly variant northeastern form of the species. 17 Quercus prinoides Willd. Neue Schrift. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin 3: 397. 1801 Scrub or dwarf chestnut oak, chinkapin oak Q. Prinus humilis Marsh. Arb. Am. 125. 1785 Q. Prinus pumila Michx. Hist. Chen. Am. No. 5, t. 9. f. 1. 1801 Q. Prinus Chincapin Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 2: 64. t. 10. 1812 Q. Chinquapin Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 634. 1814 Q. Muhlenbergii var. humilis Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 13: 141. 1886 In dry sandy or rocky soil. Washington and Saratoga counties southward. Common between Albany and Schenectady and on rocky hills and sandy soils throughout the Hudson valley and on Long Island and Staten Island. Less frequent westward to the Chemung valley in Broome and Tioga counties. Reported from near Rochester. A form with yellowish pubescence on the twigs and leaves is described as forma rufescens (Rehder). Family 7 ULMACEAE Mirbel, Elem. 2: 905. 1815 Elm family ULMUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 225. 1753 1 Ulmus americana L. Sp. PI. 226. 1753 American, white or water elm U. mollifolia Marsh. Arb. Am. 156. 1785 In moist soil, especially along streams and in swampy lowlands. Common throughout the State, but rare or absent in the Adirondacks above 2500 feet altitude. A form with columnar, flat-topped crown, forma columnaris, is described by Rehder (Jour. Arnold Arb. 3 : 42. 1922) from Conesus lake and Rochester. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 279 2 Ulmus scabra Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 2. 1768 Scotch, wych or Dutch elm U. montana With. Arr. Bot. Veg. Gr. Brit. 2: 279. 1776 U. hollandica Pallas, FI. Ross. 1 : 77. 1784. Not Mill. U. media Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 86. 1791 U. excelsa Borkh. Forstbot. 1: 839. 1800 Native of Europe. Commonly planted for shade and ornament, and frequently spreading or adventive, especially in the Hudson valley. 3 Ulmus Thomasi Sargent, Silva 14: 102. 1902 Cork or rock elm U. racemosa Thomas, Am. Jour. Sci. 19: 170. 1831 In rich soil and on limestone ledges and ridges. Frequent across the western part of the State from St Lawrence county south to southern Herkimer, Madison, Cortland and Broome counties. 4 Ulmus fulva Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 172. 1803 Slippery, red or moose elm f U. pubescens Walt. FI. Car. in. 1788 U. americana Marsh. Arb. Am. 156. 1785. Not L. U. americana rubra Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 319. 1789 U. crispa Willd. Enum. 295. 1809 U. rubra Michx. f. Silv. 3: 138. 1819 In woods and on hills and along streams. Frequent or common across the State south of the Adirondack region. 5 Ulmus campestris L. Sp. PI. 225. 1753 English elm U. glabra Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 4. 1768 U. procera Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Allerton, 391. 1796 U. suberosa Smith, Engl. Bot. 31 : t. 2161. 1810 Native of Europe. Commonly planted for ornament and shade and frequently becoming established in some localities. Occasionally spreading as an escape along roads and edges of thickets about cities and towns. Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. 3:6./. 262. 1798, has also been observed as an escape near Albany. CELTIS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 1043 1 Celtis occidentalis L., l.c. 1044 Hackberry, sugarberry In woods and on river banks. Rare or infrequent across the State northward. Locally abundant and quite certainly native in the Hudson valley and westward to Tompkins county and in the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. Rare in the pine-barrens of Long Island. 28o NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Northampton, Fulton county, House, Olsson (numerous large trees, but possibly not native there). Banks of the Black river near Lowville, Peck (42c! Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 36. 1889). Near Oneida lake, Kneiskern ; Ontario county at Gorham, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 124. 1865). Baldwinsville, Onondaga county, Beauchamp. Wayne and Monroe counties, scarce (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 100. 1895; 5: 83. 1917). Binghamton, Apalachin and Barton, Tioga county, Fcnno (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 94. 1898). Several localities, Dudley (FI. Cayuga Flora, 82. 1886). Stockholm, St Lawrence county, Phelps. 2 Celtis pumiia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 200. 1814 Low hackberry C. maritima Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 44. 1817 In dry and sandy soil. Infrequent or rare in western New York, Sargent (Bot. Gaz. 67: 217. 1919). Sandy soil along railroad at mouth of Irondequoit bay on Lake Ontario, House. The description of C. maritima by Rafinesque seems to apply to this plant, which according to him occurs on the “ downs of the sea¬ shore in Long Island.” 3 Celtis crassifolia Lam. Encycl. 4: 138. 1797 Dog’s cherry, rough-leaved hackberry In rich rocky soil and along banks of streams. Uncommon from Ulster county southward. Saugerties, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 131 : 19. 1909). Garrison, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 281. 1915). Newburg, House. Celtis canina Raf. (Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 43. 1817), is described by Britton & Brown (Ulus. FI. ed. 2, 1: 629. 1913), and by Sargent (Bot. Gaz. 67: 217. 1919), as having “narrower (than occidentalis), long acuminate leaves.” Sargent makes it a variety of C. occidentalis. Rafinesque states that the species was found near Fishkill, New¬ burgh and near New York. Flis description does not especially indicate that the leaves are narrower than in C. occidentalis. The drupes are described as red. the leaves are said to be “wrinkled” above and nerved beneath with pubescent axils, peduncles longer than the petioles. These characters taken in connection with the known Celtis which occurs at the localities which he mentions quite clearly indicates that C. canina is what has been and is still called C. crassifolia. Family 8 MORACEAE Lindl. Veg. Kingd. 266. 1847 Mulberrv family MORUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 986. 1753 1 Morus rubra L., l.c. M. scabra Willd. Enum. 967. 1809 M. missouriensis Audit. Jard. Ton. 1853 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 28 1 In rich soil, especially along streams. Frequent across the south¬ ern part of the State. Scarce or rare northward to Rensselaer, Al¬ bany, Oneida, Madison and Niagara counties. 2 Morus alba L., l.c. White mulberry Native of the Old World and sparingly escaped from cultivation and locally established. 3 Morus nigra L., l.c. Black mulberry M. canadensis Lam. Encyc. Meth. 4: 380. 1797 Native of the Old World and reported as an escape from, cultiva¬ tion as far north as New York City. TOXYLON (Ioxylon) Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 118. 1817 Madura Nutt. Gen. 2: 233. 1818 Toxylon pomiferum Raf., l.c. Osage or wild orange Maclura aurantiaca Nutt., l.c. T. Maclura Raf. New FI. 3: 43. 1836 T. aurantiacum Raf. Med. FI. 2: 268. 1830 Maclura pomifera Schneider, Illus. Flandb. Laubh. 1: 806. 1906 Native from Missouri to Kansas and Texas. Naturalized or escaped from cultivation in southeastern New York, and rarely or locally elsewhere across the State south of the Adirondacks. PAPYRIUS Lam. Encycl. 3: 382. 1797 Droussonetia L'Her. ; Vent. Tabl. 3: 547. 1799. Not Ortega, 1798 Papyrius papyrifera (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 629. 1891 Paper mulberry Morus papyrifera L. Sp. PI. 986. 1753 B. papyrifera Vent., l.c. 548 Native of Asia and sparingly escaped from cultivation in southern New York, especially on Staten Island and on Long Island. Family 9 ARTOCARPACEAE Horan. Tetract. Nat. 25. 1843 CANNABINACEAE Lindl. Veg. Kingd. 265. 1847 Hemp family HUMULUS L. Sp. PI. 1028. 1753 Lupulus fTourn.| Mill. Card. Diet. 4th Abr. Ed. 1754 i Humulus Lupulus L., 1. c. Hops L. Humulus Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. 1768 L. communis Gaertn. Fr. 1: 358. t. 75. 1788 L. scandens Lam. FI. Fr. 2: 217. 1778 282 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In thickets and on river banks. Common or frequent in some sections of the State, usually as an escape from cultivation. Regarded as native of North America, but probably never indigenous in this State. 2 Humulus japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. FI. Jap. 2 : 89. 1846 Japanese hops Native of Asia, and reported as a rare escape from cultivation in the central and southern portions of the State. CANNABIS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 1027. 1753 Cannabis sativa L., l.c. Hemp, red root Native of Europe and Asia. A frequent escape in waste places in the southern part of the State, where it may be regarded as established. Infrequent or rare northward and westward in the State. Family 10 URTICACEAE Reichenb., Consp. 83. 1828 Nettle Family URTICA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 983. 1753 1 Urtica dioica L., l.c. 984 Stinging or great nettle In waste places. Casual or in some sections rather common. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Urtica gracilis Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 341. 1789 Slender or tall wild nettle In dry or moist thickets, along fence-rows, borders of woods and woodland openings. Common throughout the State except on Long Island, where it is reported as rare. The common form northward has broader leaves more coarsely serrate and often cordate ( Urtica Lyallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 348. 1875), but in this State at least shows no constant points of distinction. 3 Urtica urens L. Sp. PI. 984. 1753 Small or dwarf nettle Native of Europe. Adventive or sparingly naturalized on Long Island, in Rensselaer and Livingston counties, and doubtless else¬ where. 4 Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 113. 1814 Weak nettle Native of the southeastern United States and adventive at Rochester (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 100. 1896; 5: 83. 1917). annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 283 URTICASTRUM Fabr. Enum. 204. 1759 Laportea Gaud, in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 498. 1826 Urticastrum divaricatum (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 635. 1891 Wood or Canada nettle Urtica divaricate L. Sp. PI. 985. 1753 U. canadensis L., l.c. Laportea canadensis Gaud., l.c. Urtica Whitlowi Muhl. ; Green, Cat. PI. N. Y. 1814 In rich woods and moisl; thickets. Common northward. Rare in the pine-barrens of Long Island and in the higher portions of the Adirondacks. PILEA Lindl. Coll. pi. 4. 1821 Adicea Raf. Ann. Nat. 179. Hyponym, 1815 Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray, Man. 437. 1848 Coolweed, richweed, clearweed Urtica pumila L. Sp. PI. 984. 1753 Adike pumila, glaberrima, lanccolata, rhomboidea Raf. New FI. 63. 1836 Adicea pumila, & A. trinerva Raf.; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 223. as synonyms. 1843 In swamps, shaded situations, low woods or moist rocks. Common in most sections of the State, but absent from the pine-barrens of Long Island. < BOEHMERIA Jacq. Stirp. Am. 246. pi. 157. 1763 Rami urn (Rumpf. 1747) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 633. 1891 Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. Prodr. 34. 1788 False nettle Urtica cylindrica L. Sp. PI. 984. 1753 U. capitate L„ l.c. Duretia cylindrica Gaudich. Uran. 499. 1826 Ramium cylindricum Kuntze, l.c. In moist or wet soil, chiefly in woods, openings in swamps, or in thickets or borders of low woods. Common throughout the State. Var. Drummondiana Weddell, in DC. Prodr. 16: 202. 1869 Boehmeria Drummondiana Weddell, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1: 201. 1854 B. cylindrica var. scabra Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 16: 21. 1889 B. scabra Small, FI. SE. U. S. 358. 1903 In wet or marshy thickets, woods and wet meadows. Infrequent from Greene county westward to Madison, Onondaga and Monroe counties southward. Occasional on Long Island, rare on Staten Island ; Bronx county and Westchester county to the highlands, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 284. 1915). Catskill, Greene county, House. Kirkville, Onondaga county; Rockland lake and Oneida, House. Mendon, Monroe county, Baxter. 284 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PARIETARIA L. Sp. PI. 1052. 1753 H e 1 x i n e Bub. FI. Pyren. 1 : 76. 1897 Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 955. 1805 Pennsylvania pellitory P. americana Muhl. Cat. 95. 1813 On dry rocks and banks, often on limestone ledges or soil. In¬ frequent from Washington county westward to Lake Erie and south¬ ward. Family 11 LORANTHACEAE D. Don, Prodr. FI. Nepal. 142. 1825 Mistletoe family RAZOUMOFSKYA Hoffm. Hort. Mosc. 1808 Arceuthobium Bieb. FI. Taur. 3: 629. 1819 Razoumofskya pusilla (Peck) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 587. 1891 Small mistletoe A. pusillmn Peck, 25th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 69. 1873 A. minutum Engelm. Torr. Club Bui. 2: 43. Without descr. 1871 On twigs of spruce (usually Picea nigra, rarely P. rubcns) , and rarely on tamarack, in swamps and bogs. Frequent across the State northward. Less common, rare or local southward to Sullivan county and westward to Monroe county. Warrensburg, Warren county, Mrs Lucy A. Millington (Engel- mann, l.c.). Sandlake, Rensselaer county, Peck, Type. Forestburg, Sullivan county, Peck (Torr. Club Bui. 4: 44. 1873). Lily marsh, Oswego county, IVibbe (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 192. 1877). Kasoag, Oswego county and Providence, Saratoga county, Peck (28th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 83. 1876). North Elba, Essex county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 121. 1899). Newcomb, House. Tupper Lake, Franklin county, Peck (49th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 28. 1896). Frankfort Hill, Herkimer county, Habercr (Torr. Club Bui. 9: 34. 1882). Mendon, Monroe county, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 99. 1896). Preston, Plymouth and German, Chenango county, Coville (42c! Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 36. 1889). Long Lake and Forestport, Oneida county, Haberer (Rhodora 7: 108. I905)- For additional observations on this species, see : Torr. Club Bui. 2: 47, 48. 1871; 3: 24, 55. 1872; 4: 15. 44. 1873; Am. Nat. 6: 166, 406. 1872; Rhodora 2: 2-11. 1900; Torreya 2: 8. 1902. Phoradendron flavescens (Pursh) Nutt. On apparently good authority Doctor Britton states that this species, the common mistle¬ toe of the South, was formerly found on Staten Island, which is not improbable, since the species is known to occur in central New Jersey. Unfortunately there seem to be no herbarium specimens in ex¬ istence as a record of its former occurrence on Staten Island (Torr. Club Bui. 11 : 76. 1884). annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 285 Family 12 SANTALACEAE R. Br. Prodr. 1 : 350. 1810 Sandalwood family COMANDRA Nutt. Gen. 1: 157. 1818 1 Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. l.c. Bastard toad flax Thesiutn umbellatum L. Sp. PI. 208. 1753 T. corymbosulum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 112. 1803 In dry, often sandy fields and thickets, more rarely in marly bogs. Locally common across the State south of the Adirondack region and frequent or common on Long Island and Staten Island. Northern localities: Throughout the valley of the Mohawk from Schenectady to Oneida lake, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 122. 1865). Frequent west of Albany, Peck, House. Glenmont, Albany county; and Oneida lake, House. Bank of the Genesee river, Oak Orch¬ ard creek, Canandaigua lake, etc. (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 99. 1896). Bergen swamp, Genesee county Paine, Baxter, Hou^e. Day (PI. Buffalo, 1883) thinks that the Bergen swamp plant is C. livida. It grows in a marl bog, and is paler in color with narrower leaves, than typical C. umbellata, but otherwise is not different. 2 Comandra Richardsiana Fernald, Rhodora 7 : 48. 1905 Richard’s bastard toad flax In sandy or clayey soils. Irondequoit, Monroe county, House. Perhaps of wider distribution in the Ontario lowlands. 3 Comandra livida Richards. App. Frankl. Jour. 734. 1823 Northern comandra Hamiltonia sarmentosa Spreng. Syst. 1: 831. 1825 In moist stony or rocky situations. Summit of Mount Marcy, June, 1920. A. B. Brooks, (state herbarium) ; Neil Hotchkiss, June, 1923. Family 13 ASARA.CEAE Link, Enum. 2: 1. 1822 ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Blume, Enum. PI. Jav. 1: 81. 1830 Birthwort family ASARUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 442. 1753 1 Asarum canadense L. Sp. PI. 442. 1753 Wild or Indian ginger In rich woods. Common throughout the State, except south¬ eastward, where rare. Reported from but not recently collected on Long Island (Bisky, Torr. Club Bui. 14: 13. 1887). 2 Asarum acuminatum (Ashe) Bicknell, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3: 513. 1898 Long-tipped wild ginger A. canadense var. acuminatum Ashe, Contr. 1: 2. 1897 286 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Described as a campestrian species of rich woods from Ohio to Minnesota and Kentucky, but specimens from St Lawrence county ( Phelps ) and northern Lewis county {Peck), appear to belong to this imperfectly known form, 3 Asarum reflexum Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 24 : 533. pi. 317. 1897 Short-lobed wild ginger In rich woods, along streams or river valleys, infrequent in the southeastern part of the State. Staten Island, Bronx, Westchester, Rockland and Greene counties. ARISTOLOCHIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 960. 1753 Siphisia Raf. Med. FI. 1: 62. 1828 1 Aristolochia Serpentaria L., l.c. 961 Virginia snakeroot, serpentary Rare and local on Long Island and Staten Island, apparently absent south of the moraine on Long Island. Northward to Putnam county, according to Taylor. 2 Aristolochia Clematitis L., l.c. 962 Birthworl Native of Southern Europe. Naturalized along the Hudson river near Lansingburg, and reported as established at Flushing, Long Island {Taylor), and at Union Springs, Cayuga county {Dudley). 3 Aristolochia tomentosa Sims. Bot. Mag. pi. 1369. 1811 Woolly pipe vine Siphisia tomentosa Raf., l.c. 62, 65 Native from Pennsylvania southward. Reported as established at Rochester. Family 14 POLYGON ACEAE Desv. FI. Anjou 127. 1827 Buckwheat family RUMEX L. Sp. PI. 333- U53 Sect. Acetosa Meissn. Acetosa (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 i Rumex Acetosella L., l.c. 338 Field, wood, red or sheep Sorrel A. Acetosella Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 2, 1768 A. repots S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 276. 1821 In dry fields and on hillsides. Locally frequent across the State usually in sterile or sandy soils. Said to be native in the western States, but in New York apparently naturalized from Europe. annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 287 2 Rumex hastatulus Muhl. Cat. ed. 2, 37. 1818 Engelman’s sorrel Rumex Engelrnanni Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 64. 1856. Probably not Acetosa hastatula Raf. In sandy soil. Rare on eastern Long Island. Northville, Young (Torr. Club Bui. 3: 51. 1872). Mouth of Peconic river, Young (26th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 48. 1874). Not reported from western Long Island, Staten Island nor from south of the moraine on Long Island {Taylor). 3 Rumex Acetosa L. Sp. PI. 337. 1753. Meadow or green sorrel A. pratensis Mill., l.c. No. 1 A. agrestis, angustata, amplexicaulis, bidentula, hastatula, Raf. New FI. 4: 5A 53- 1838 Native of the Old World. Said to be native across the north of the American continent. Common as a weed throughout most sec¬ tions of the State, but less common on Long Island. Largely if not wholly naturalized from Europe. Sect. Lapathum Meissn. Lapathum (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 4 Rumex pallidus Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 143. 1824 Large-tuberculed dock Orient Point, Long Island, Latham (state herbarium). 5 Rumex mexicanus Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 45. 1856 White, pale or willow-leaved dock R. salicifolius Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 129. 1840. Not Weinm. 1821 Occasional as a weed in waste ground in southern New York (according to Taylor, FI. Vic. N. Y. 288. 1915). Canton, Phelps. 6 Rumex verticillatus L. Sp. PI. 334. 1753 Swamp dock In swamps and shores of rivers and lakes. Frequent or occasional across the State from Lake Champlain to the St Lawrence river, westward to Lake Erie and southward. Not reported from the Adirondacks or the Catskills. 7 Rumex altissimus Wood, Classbook, 477. 1853 Tall or peach-leaved dock Along streams and in swamps. Infrequent or rare across the State south of the Adirondacks. Peekskill, Mead (Gray’s Man.). Buffalo, Clinton (19th Rep’t Regents 201. 1806). A weed in waste places, not common, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 288. 1915). Albany, Peck. Gloversville, Olsson. Owasco lake outlet, Dudley. Honeoye creek, Rochester, and Rush (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 1896; 5: 28. 1910). 288 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 8 Rumex Patientia L. Sp. PI. 333. 1753 Patience dock In waste places, frequent throughout the State, especially north¬ ward and westward. Naturalized from Europe. 9 Rumex Britannica L. Sp. PI. 334. 1753 Great water dock R. hydrolapathum var. ? americanum Gray, Man. ed. 2, 377. 1856 R. orbiculatus A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 420. 1867 In swamps and wet soil. Frequent or common throughout the State except the higher Adirondacks and not reported from the pine- barrens of Long Island. 10 Rumex crispus L. Sp. PI. 335. 1753 Curled or narrow dock Lapathum crispum S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 273. 1821 In fields and waste places. Common. Naturalized from Europe. R. crispus x Patientia ( R . confusus ) Simonk. Termesz. fiiz 1 : 238. 1877, is reported from Rochester. A large number of varieties and forms of the species of Rumex native of Europe have been described in European literature, and also a large number of hybrids are listed, some of which may be looked for in this country. 1 1 Rumex sanguineus L., l.c. 334. Bloody or red-veined dock L. sanguineum Moench, Meth. 354. 1794 In waste places and on ballast. Adventive from Europe. Re¬ ported from the vicinity of New York City, Rochester, and in Broome and Tioga counties 12 Rumex pulcher L., l.c. 336 Fiddle dock Native of Europe. Reported as a ballast plant on Staten Island Britton & Hollick (Torr. Club Bui. 12: 40. 1885). 13 Rumex obtusifolius L., l.c. 335. Broad-leaved or bitter dock L. obtusifolium Moench, l.c. R. crispatulus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 217. 1803 Native of Europe. A common weed in waste places throughout the State. 14 Rumex maritimus L., l.c. 335. var. fueginus (Phil.) Dusen, Svenka Exped. till Magellansl. 3: 194, 1900 Golden dock R. fueginus Phil. An. Univ. Chil. 91: 493. 1895 R. persicarioides Trel. 3d Ann. Rep’t Mo. Bot. Gard. 93. 1892 — Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 1: 659. 1913. Not L. Eastern shore of Great pond, MontaUk pond, Long Island Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 7: 18. 18S0) : Jelliffe (Torreya 4: 99. 1904). Formerly reported as R. maritimus L. See St John (Rhodora 17: 77- I9i5)- ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 289 POLYGONUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 359. 1753 Section x Avicularia Meisn* 1 Polygonum glaucum Nutt. Gen. 1 : 254. 1818 Seaside knotweed P. marinum var. roseum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 269. 1814 P. maritimum of N. Y. Reports, not L. Frequent along the south shore of Long Island ; less common on the north shore and rare along the coast of Staten Island. Apparently quite distinct from P. maritimum of Europe to which it is some¬ times referred. Polygonum Fowleri Robinson, Rhodora 4: 67. 1902 Fowler’s knotwood P. Rayi Britton & Brown. Illus. FI. ed. 1. 1898. Not Babington P. aviculare, var. buxifolium Ledeb. FI. Ross. 3: 532. 1851 P. littorale var. buxifolium Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 98. 1856 P. maritimum Fowler, Prel. List PI. N. B. 53. 1885. Not L. Reported from the coast of southern New England, northward. Not definitely known from New York, but along with the closely related P. Roberti Lois., may be looked for. * A logical classification of the species and varieties of this group presents so many difficulties that the following key may be regarded as merely provisional. Achenes conspicuously exserted Prostrate, maritime, achenes broadly ovoid-pyramidal Calyx lobes petaloid ; foliage pale green. P. glaucum. Calyx lobes subherbaceous ; foliage pale green. P. Fowleri. Erect, achenes elongated, lanceolate-pyramidal, chestnut colored P. exsertum. Achenes nearly or quite included in the fruiting calyx Branches terete, usually striate Pedicels not exserted from the ocraea, or but little so Leaves broadly lanceolate or broader, subacute or obtuse Stems erect or ascending Leaves finely crisped on the margins ; stems erect ; achenes granular- striate, dull P. monspeliense. Leaves entire on margins ; stems ascending ; achenes smooth, shining P. allocarpum. Stems prostrate Achenes broadly ovoid, more or less contracted at apex, dark-brown, dull, the face often finely granular ; leaves oblong, oblong-lance¬ olate, oblanceolate or oval and thick P. buxiforme. Achenes ovoid to lanceolate Achenes lanceolate, glossy reddish-brown and very indistinctly wrinkled P. avic. var. crassifolium. Achenes ovoid, granular-striate, dull ; leaves elliptical-obovate, crowded and overlapping on the branches P. avic var. arenastrum. Leaves lanceolate to linear, acute or acuminate at apex Stems erect or strongly ascending Leaves lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, acute or acuminate, lower 290 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Polygonum exsertum Small, Torr. Club Bui. 21 : 172 1894 Long- fruited knotweed In and about the borders of brackish marshes along the coastal region. Near New York City, Bickncll (Robinson in Rhodora 4: 68. 1902). 3 Polygonum monspeliense Tiebaud, in Pers. Syn. 1 : 439. 1805 Montpelier knotweed P. aviculare var. vegetum Ledeb. FI. Ross. 3: 532. 1851 — Robinson & Fernald, Man. ed. 7, 359. 1908 P. aviculare var. monspeliense Aschers. FI. Prov. Brand. 1: 591. 1864 Native of Europe. Naturalized and locally abundant. Easily distinguished by its erect habit, broad leaves with crisped margins. Varies to forms with narrower leaves, P. monspeliense var. agrestinum (Jord.) Rouy, in Rouy & Foucaud, FI. Fr., 12: 114. 1910 (P. agrestinum Jord. in Bor. FI. Centre Fr. ed. 3, 2: 559. 1857)- 4 Polygonum buxiforme Small, Torr. Club Bui. 33: 56. 1906 This appears to be in part at least what has been variously re¬ ported as P. littorale, and P. aviculare var. littorale. Small’s descrip¬ tion calls for a plant with broadly ovoid, dark brown, dull achenes more or less constricted at the apex. Specimens from Long Island have chiefly dull achenes, but they are not constricted at the apex, neither would the faces be regarded as “ broadly ovoid.” Some speci- ones larger and narrowed to short petioles ; ocreae and stipules mostly small or medium sized. P. avic. var. agrarium. Leaves linear-oblong, obtuse or acute, veiny in dried state; flowers surpassed by the bristle-like remains of the long stipules; ocreae usually elongated. P. proliferum. Stems prostrate or the tips ascending Leaves lanceolate, acute or acutish, the dull, minutely granular- striate achenes about 2 mm. long or longer. P. aviculare. Leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear, acute or somewhat acuminate at both ends, ocreae silvery brown, leaves of branches often conspicuously smaller and inclined to be obtuse ; flowers smaller, the dull achenes 1.25 to 1.75 mm long, merely acute. P. neglectum. Pedicels exserted from the ocreae; flowers larger, sepals (sometimes 6) 2-3 mm long; stems erect Leaves lanceolate, acute, sepals roseate. P. atlanticum. Leaves elliptical or obovate-elliptical Plant bluish-green, ocreae persistent, lucid-scarious, not fibrillose. P. achoreum. Plant yellowish-green, ocreae soon more or less fibrillose. P. ereettfm. Branches strongly angled Leaves plicate; fruiting pedicels short, erect. P. tenue. Leaves flat, margins revolute ; fruiting pedicels long, deflexed. P. Douglasii. annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 291 mens from the region of Oneida lake and the Great Lakes fit his description, but most of the material classified here is doubtfully distinct from P. aviculare var. crassifolium. 5 Poljygonum aviculare L. Sp. PI. 362. 1753 Common knotgrass, knotweed P. procumbens Gilib. Exerct. Phyt. 2: 434. 1792 P. geniculatum Poir. Encycl. 6: 147. 1804 P. Centinodimn Lam. FI. Fr. 3: 237. 1805 P. aviculare var. procumbens Hayne, Arzeneygew. 5: 23. t. 23. r8i 7 — Ledeb. FI. Ross. 3: 532. 1851 P. provinciale K. Koch, Linnaea 22: 204. 1849 P. rurivagum Jord. in Bor. FI. Centre Fr. ed. 3, 2: 560. 1857 A common weed in waste and cultivated ground. Variable and represented in our flora by several distinct varieties or forms, most of which are probably not indigenous, and the nomenclature of which is not entirely clear. The typical form has leaves nearly or quite lanceolate, small or medium sized, acute or acutish, 6-25 mm long; stems prostrate; achenes mintuely granular-striate, dull and included in the fruiting calyx. Var. crassifolium Lange, Haandb. Danske FI. 3 : Udg. 278. 1864 P. aviculare var. littorale Koch, Syn. ed. 1, 618. 1837, and most European authors, not P. littorale Link (which as to type specimen is, according to Aschers. & Graebn, Syn. Mitt. Eu. FI. 4: 860 footnote) the same as P. maritimum L. P. salsuginosum Wallr. Linnaea 14: 568. 1840. Not M. Bieb. P. Robert i Gren. & Godr. FI. Fr. 3: 52. 1855.. Not Lois. Achenes obscurely wrinkled, distinctly shining ; leaves more or less thickened, lanceolate to broadly spatulate, rounded or acute at the apex. As indicated under P. buxiforme Small, some of the plants referred there are possibly this variety; certainly one from Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno, belongs here, and certain plants from along the coast of Long Island, which have shining achenes, should probably also be referred here, although the achenes are not as narrow as the description calls for. Var. arenastrum (Bor.) Rouy, in Rouy & Foucaud, FI. Fr. I2‘. 112. 1910 P. arenastrum Bor. FI. Centre Fr. ed. 3, 2: 560. 1857 A prostrate plant, with elliptical-obovate to broadly oblanceolate leaves, rounded at the apex, the entire plant pale green, the leaves on the branches crowded and overlapping. Fields and roadsides near Albany, House. Doubtless elsewhere. Var. agrarium K. Koch, Linnaea 22: 203. 1849 P. erectum Roth, Beitr. Bot. 2: 131. 1783 — Tent. FI. Germ. 1: 174. 1788 — Not L. P. aviculare var. erectum Hayne, l.c. 23. Ledeb., l.c. 532 P. heteropliyllum Lindman, Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. 6: 684, 690. 1912, in large part 292 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Stems erect or strongly ascending, often or usually with few branches ; leaves lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, acute or acuminate at both ends, the lower ones usually larger and narrowed into short petioles. Resembing small-leaved forms of P. monspeliense except that the margins of the leaves are not crisped. Rather variable. Native of Europe. Several specimens form widely scattered localities seem referable to no other variety. 6 Polygonum prolificum (Small) Robinson, Rhodora 4: 68. 1902 Proliferous knotweed P. arenarium Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 120. 1817. Not Waldst & Kit. P. maritimum Young, Cat. PI. Oak Isl. 14. 1884. Not L. P. ramosissimum var. prolificum Small, Torr. Club Bui. 21: 271. 1894 In and along the edges of brackish marshes and on sandy soil along or near the seashore on Long Island and Staten Island. Also inland at Warsaw, Wyoming county, Peck, and Greigsville, Wyoming county, Baxter. 7 Polygonum neglectum Besser, Enum. PI. Volhyn. 45. 1820 P. aviculare var. laxum Ledeb. FI. Ross. 3: 532. 1851 P. az'iculare var. angustissimum Meism. in DC. Prodr. 14: 98. 1856 P. humifusum Jord. in Bor. FI. Centre Fr. ed. 3, 2: 560. 1857 P. aviculare var. neglectum Reichenb. FI. Germ. Exs. 5.73. 1832 Annual, dull-green; stems prostrate or ascending and widely branched at base ; leaves narrowly linear to linear-lanceolate, some¬ what acuminate at both ends, those of the branches often con¬ spicuously smaller and inclined to be obtuse ; ocreae silvery-brown, elongated; flowers and fruit noticably small; achenes striate-reticu¬ lated, ovoid, acuminate, about 1.5 mm. long. Native of Europe. Locally common as a weed in various sec¬ tions of the State. 8 Polygonum atlanticum (Robinson) Small, Torr. Club Bui. 36: 450. 1909 Atlantic coast knotweed P. ramosissimum forma atlanticum Robinson, Rhodora 4: 72. 1902 Frequent in and along the borders of salt marshes and on moist or low brackish soil on Long Island. Probably also on Staten Island. 9 Polygonum achoreum Blake, Rhodora 19 : 232. 1917 Distinguished from P. erectum by its bluish-green tint, the calyx ovoid-subfusiform, narrowly oblong crowded sepals, usually com¬ pletely hiding the achene ; ocreae persistent, lucid-scarious and not fibrillose ; leaves elliptic, broadly rounded at apex. Chiefly in fields and waste places from northern New England and eastern Canada, westward. Reported from near Ogdensburg, Mrs O. P. Phelps. annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 293 10 Polygonum erectum L. Sp. PI. 363. 1753 Erect knotweed In moist or dry soil. Native of Europe, and locally common as a weed in waste or cultivated ground throughout most sections of the State. 11 Polygonum tenue Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 238. 1803 Slender knotweed In dry, usually stony or sandy soil. Locally common across the State from Washington and Rensselaer counties westward and southward. Not definitely reported from Long Island. Local north¬ ward to Lake Champlain and to the St Lawrence river, but apparently absent from the Adirondack region. 12 Polygonum Douglasii Greene, Bui. Cal. Acad. II. 1 : 125. 1885 Douglas’s knotweed Rocky ledges and exposed summits of hills and mountains. Local across the northern part of the State. Peaked mountain, Washington county, Burnham. Mount Defiance, and Cobble hill, Essex county, Peck (47th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 17. 1894; 54th Rep’t 161. 1901). Gouverneur, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Section 2 Tovara (Adans.) A. Gray To vara Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 276. 1763 Chulusium Raf. Ann. Nat. 12. 1820 Sunania Raf. FI. Tellur. 3: 95. 1837 13 Polygonum virginianum L. Sp. PI. 360. 1753 Virginia knotweed Tovara virginiana Raf. FI. Tellur. 3: 12. 1836 In woods and moist thickets. Frequent or common across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks. Section 3 Persicaria (Tourn.) L. Persicaria (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. Abr. ed. 4. 1754 Pentalis Raf. FI. Tellur. 3: 14. 1837 — New FI. Am. 4: 47. 1838 14 Polygonum fluitans Eaton, Man. ed. 5, 338. 1829 Water smartweed Polygonum amphibium of N. Y. Reports, in large part; not L. P. amphibium var. natans Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 240. 1803. Not Moench, 1 777 P. natans Eaton, Man. ed. 3, 400. 1822. Persicaria fluitans (Eaton) Greene, Leaflets, 1: 26. 1904. Not Montandon, FI. Jura Sept. 268. 1856 Persicaria canadensis Greene, l.c. 28 Persicaria purpurata Greene, l.c. 27 294 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Common in ponds, lakes and quiet waters throughout the State outside of the coastal region, where rare. Increasingly common northward and westward in the State. Our typical plant with floating leaves, smooth above and shining, the lower surface usually reddish or purplish and gelatinous, the leaf -blades elliptical to elliptic-oblong, rounding or tapering at base, has no exact counterpart in Europe, and I follow Doctor Greene in considering it specifically distinct from the P. amphibium of Europe. The corresponding aquatic plant of Europe has more lanceolate leaves, often subcordate at base and with scabrous- serrulate margins. [5 Polygonum Hartwrightii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 294. 1870 Wright’s water smartweed P. amphibium var. Hartwrightii Bissell, Rhodora 4: 105. 1902 Persicaria Hartwrightii Greene, Leaflets x : 24. 1904 Persicaria abscissa Greene, l.c. 46 Persicaria asclepiadca Greene, l.c. 46 Persicaria psychrophila Greene, l.c. 31 P. amphibium f. Hartwrightii Blake, Rhodora 15: 164. 1913 In wet marshes and along the edge of ponds and slow streams. Locally common across the State outside of the Adirondacks and north of the coastal plain. Stems creeping, often branched, rooting at the nodes, the ends ascending or suberect, 10-50 cm high, densely setaceous-pubescent, at least above ; leaves sessile or very short petioled, the lower ones usually not longer petioled than the upper ones ; blades narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, usually with almost parallel margins, 8-15 cm long, 1-2.5 cm broad, acute or acuminate at apex, acute to obtuse at base, more or less stiffly appressed pubescent above, more densely or setaceous-pubescent beneath ; ocreae with abruptly spreading foli- aceous ciliated margins ; spike usually somewhat longer and narrower than in P. fluitans and flowers usually pink or rosy in color. Dundee, Yates county, Wright. Machias, Barton and Apalachin, Fenno. Bethlehem, Albany county, Peck. Junius, Seneca county, House, Matthews. Peterboro, Madison county, House, Jamesville, Onondaga county, Peck. Watkins, Schuyler county, Peck. Less variable than the next species, but varies to forms almost glabrous and to forms with broader leaves with longer petioles. t6 Polygonum, inundatum Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 359. 1808 Swamp smartweed P. amphibium var. emersum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 240. 1803 P. coccineum Muhl. ; Willd. Enum. 1: 428. 1809 P. emersion Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 8: 73. 1889 Periscaria coccinea Greene, Leaflets 1 : 24, 28. 1904 Polygonum amphibium var. terrestre A. Gray, Man. ed. 1-5. Not Leers (1790) nor Leyss. (1761) P. Muhlenbergii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 295. 1879 Stems at the base usually covered by mud, branching and rooting at the nodes, the terminal portions usually strictly erect 30-100 cm tall or more; nodes conspicuously enlarged, the internodes usually striate; leaves lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, usually broadest near or slightly below the middle, long acuminate at apex, blunt, rounded or subcordate at the base, appressed short setaceous above, more densely so beneath and on the midvein, 10-25 cm long, 2.5-8 cm broad ; petioles usually 2-3 cm long, sometimes longer ; ocreae annotated list of ferns and flowering plants 295 glabrous, tightly appressed to the stem ; inflorescence usually elongated, 3-10 cm long and 6-10 mm thick, sometimes with one or two smaller spikes ; dowers usually dark red, rarely paler. The rare aquatic form is usually nearly or quite glabrous, with large ovate- lanceolate, cordate leaves on long petioles. This is well described by Greene as Persicaria mesochroa, aquatic stage, Leaflets 1 : 28 1904, and is represented by collections in this State as follows: Schenectady, Beck; Lake Champlain, Peck; Watkins, Peck. In swamps, marshes and wet soil, often in shallow water. Locally common across the State outside of the Adirondacks and on the coastal plain. The species is variable in many particulars. The spikes are some¬ times rather short and thick like P. fluitans, the leaves are rarely nearly glabrous, and vary considerably in shape and size and in the length of the petiole. Upon such rather minor variations Doctor Greene has based a large number of species of which the following are quite certainly referable to this type : Persicaria rigidula, vestita, propinqua, mesochroa, fistulosa, novae -angliae, laurina, Porteri, lonchophylla, pratincola and spectabilis (Leaflets 1: 34-39. 1904). I do not consider it possible to refer this plant to P. amphibium var. terrestre Leyss. (FI. Hal. 391. 1761) of Europe, although it is probably in much the same relation to P. fluitans Eaton that the var. terrestre is to the aquatic form of P. amphibium of Europe. 17 Polygonum scabrum Moench, Meth. 629. 1794 Rough smartweed P. pennsylvanicum Huds. FI. Angl. 148. 1762. Not L. P. Persicaria tomentosum Schrank, Baier. FI. 1: 669. 1789 P. pallidum With. Bot. Arr. Br. PI. ed. 3, 2: 381. 1796 P. tomentosum Gurke, PI. Eur. 2: 121. 1897 — Robinson & Fernald, Man. ed. 7, 360. 1908. Not Willd. Persicaria tomentosa Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 36: 453. 1909 In moist or wet places and waste ground. Most abundant eastward and southward in the State. Infrequent westward to Lake Erie. Apparently naturalized from Europe. Closely related to the next species of which it is often considered a variety. Var. incanum (F. W. Schmidt) comb. nov. Polygonum incanum F. W. Schmidt, FI. Boem. 4: 90. 1704 P. tomentosum incanum Gurke, l.c. Persicaria incana S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 269. 1821 Leaves permanently woolly beneath. Occasional. 18 Polygonum lapathifolium L. Sp. PI. 360. 1753 Dock-leaved or pale smartweed P. lapathifolium var. maculatum Sibth. FI. Oxon. 129. 1794 P crsicaria lapathifolia & Persicaria maculata S. F. Gray, l.c. 270 Polygonum maculatum Babington, Man. ed. 7, 301. 1874 Polygonum incarnation Ell. Bot. S. 9- 1805 Stellaria lanceolata Torr. FI. 1: 453. 1824 Similar to the preceeding variety, but the upper leaves reduced to short, scarious-margined bracts ; flowers numerous in terminal cymes. Rare in the Adirondack region. North Elba, Peck. Newcomb, House. CERASTIUM L. Sp. PI. 437. 1753 1 Cerastium viscosum L., l.c. Mouse-ear chickweed C. glomeratum Thuill. FI. Paris, ed. 2, 226. 1824 C. connatum Beck, Bot. 55. 1833 In waste places and in meadows and woodlands. Infrequent or rare. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Cerastium semidecandrum L., l.c. 438 Small mouse-ear chickweed In dry sterile soil. Infrequent in the southern part of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 3 Cerastium vulgatum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 627. 1762 Large or common mouse-ear chickweed 3 18 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In fields, woods, waste places and in cultivated ground. Very com¬ mon. Naturalized from Europe. 4 Cerastium longipedunculatum Muhl. Cat. 46. 1813 Nodding chickweed C. tenellum Fenzl. Ann. Mus. Wein. 1835 C. nutans Raf. Prec. Decouv. 36. 1814 C. glutinosum Nutt. Gen. 1: 291. 1818 In moist shaded places. Infrequent or rare across the State from Dutchess county westward to Erie county, and southward. 5 Cerastium arvense Li Sp. PI. 438. 1753 Field or meadow chickweed C. tenuifolium Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 321. 1814 C. pennsylvanicum Hornem. in DC. Prodr. 1: 415. 1824 In dry or rocky places. Locally common across the State. Frequent on the hills and mountains of the Hudson valley from Lake George to Putnam and Ulster counties. Less common but widely distributed westward across the State to the Niagara river, but not reported from the Adirondack region or the northern counties. 6 Cerastium velutinum Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 359. 1808 Barren chickweed C. villosum Muhl. Cat. 46. 1813 C. arvense Pursh, l.c. Not L. C. bracteatum Raf. Praec. Decouv. 36. 1817 C. pubescens Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 4: 328. 1821 C. oblongifolium Torrey, FI. U. S. 1 : 460. 1824 C. pennsylvanicum Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 104. 1833. Not Hornem C. arvense villosum Hollick & Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 14: 49. 1887 C. arvense var. bracteatum MacM. Met. Minn. 223. 1892 On serpentine and limestone rocks. In New York known only from a few localities on Staten Island. SAGINA L. Sp. PI. 128. 1753 A 1 s i n e 1 1 a Bilb. ; Greene, Bot. San Franc. Bay 238. 1894 i Sagina procumbens L., l.c. Procumbent pearlwort In moist soil, waste places and streets. Regarded as native along the coastal region, where it is rare or occasional. Reported inland from near Troy, streets of Utica and other localities. Probably in part at least, naturalized from Europe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 319 2 Sagina decumbens (Ell.) T. & G. FI. N. Am. i : 177. 1838 Decumbent pearlwort Spergula decumbens Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 523. 1817 Sagina subulata T. & G., l.c. 178. Not Presl. 1826 Sagina apetala Torr. FI. N. Y. 1 : 94. 1843. Not L. In dry soil on Staten Island and at Hempstead, Long Island. In¬ frequent or rare. Probably adventive from the south. ARENARIA L. Sp. PI. 423. 1753 1 Arenaria serpyllifolia L., l.c. Thyme-sandwort In dry, sandy or rocky places or on ledges. Frequent or common throughout the cultivated areas of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Arenaria leptoclados Reichenb. ; Gussone, FI. Sic. Syn. 2 : 824. 1844 Slender sandwort In dry soil or rocky places. Infrequent. Adventive from Europe. MINUARTIA L. Sp. PI. 89. 1753 A 1 sine Wahl. FI. Lapp. 127. 1812. Not L Alsinopsis Small, FI. SE. U. S. 419. 1903 Leptophyllum Ehrh. 4: 147. 1789 S a b u 1 i n a Reichenb. FI. Germ. Excurs. 785.. 1S32 1 Minuartia caroliniana (Walt.) House, Am. Mid. Nat. 7: 132 1921 Pine-barren chickweed Arenaria caroliniana Walt. FI. Car. 141. 1788 A. squarrosa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 273. 1803 A. imbricata Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 361. 1808 A. Rafincsqitiana Ser. in DC. Prodr. 1: 409. 1824 Alsinopsis caroliniana Small, l.c. 421 In dry sand. Infrequent or rare on the south side of Long Island in Suffolk county, and near Tottenville, Staten Island. 2 Minuartia Michauxii (Fenzl.) House, Am. Mid. Nat. 7: 132. 1921 Rock sandwort Arenaria stricta Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 274. 1803. Not Minuartia stricta (Swartz) Hiern. 1899 Alsine Michauxii Fenzl. Verbr. Alsin. table, p. 18. 1833 Arenaria Michauxii Hook. f. Trans. Linn. Soc. 23: 287. 1867 Alsinopsis stricta Small, l.c. 420 In dry rocky places, especially on limestone bluffs and ledges. Frequent across the northern part of the State. Rare southward and westward. Thousand Islands; along Black river; near Utica {Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 65. 1865). Irondequoit bay and Penfield, Holzer; 320 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Fairport, A. J. Perkins (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 50. 1896) 5: 9. 1910). Lake Bonaparte, House. New Baltimore, Greene county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 309. 1915)- Verplanck’s Point, Westchester county, F. J. H. Merrill (Torr. Club Bui. 13: 6. 1886). Glenmont Albany county, House. . Near Lansingburg, Rensselaer county, House. 3 Minuartia groenlandica (Retz.) House, Am. Mid. Nat. 7: 132. 1921 Mountain sandwort or starwort Stellaria groenlandica Retz. FI. Scand. ed. 2. 107. 1795 Arenaria groenlandica Spreng. Syst. 2: 402. 1825 S. labradorica Schrank, in Denkschr. Bot. Ges. Regensb. i2: 24. 1818 On dry rocks, mountains summits of northern New York. Rare. Whiteface mountain, Emmons (Torrey, FI. N. Y. x : 96. 1843). Summits of Mount McIntyre and Mount Wright, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 81. 1899). Summit of Mount Marcy, Peck (52d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 662. 1899). Wallface mountain and Indian Pass brook down to 2000 ft. alt., House. 4 Minuartia glabra (Michx.) House, l.c. Arenaria glabra Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 274. 1803 A. groenlandica var. glabra Fernald, Rhodora 21: 20. 1919 Alsinopsis glabra Small, l.c. 420 On dry exposed grassy or rocky ledges and summits. Locally frequent from the Catskill mountains, southward. North of Mountain House, Liglithipe (Torr. Club Bui. 19: 349. 1892). Sam’s Point, Ulster county, Britton (Torr. Club Bui. xo: 106. 1883). Lake Mohonk, Peck (50th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 120. 1897). MOEHRINGIA L. Sp. PI. 359. 1753 Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl. Verbr. Alsin. tab. p. 18. 1833 Blunt-leaved sandwort Arenaria lateriflora L. Sp. PI. 423. 1753 A. bu.rifolia Poir. Encyc. Meth. 6: 362. 1804 Stellaria biflora Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 317. 1S14 A. pcnnsylvanica Muhl. Ind. FI. Lancaster 169. 1817 In moist places, chiefly in woods, marshes, swamps or moist shores. Frequent or common across the State northward. Less common southward to Long Island and Staten Island, and rare or absent in the pine-barrens. HONKENYA Ehrh. Beitr. 2: 180. 1788 Am mo deni a J. G. Gmel. FI. Sib. 4: 160. Hyponym. 1769 FT a 1 i a n t h u s Fries, FI. Halland 75. 1817 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 321 Honkenya peploides (L.) Ehrh., l.c. 181. Sea-beach sandwort Arenaria peploides L. Sp. PI. 423. 1753 Adenarium marina S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2 : 545. 1821 Merckia peploides G. Don, Gen. Syst. 1 : 441. 1831 Ammodenia peploides Rupr. in Beitr. Pfl. Russ. Reich. 2 : 25. 1845 Halianthus peploides Fries, l.c. On sands of the seashore, along the coast of Long Island and Staten Island. The typical form occurs northward heyond our limits, and the species is represented here by the Var. robusta (Fernald) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 56. 1923 ( Arenaria peploides var. robusta Fernald, Rhodora 11 : 114. 1909 — Ammodenia maritima (Raf.) Bickn., Torr. Club Bui. 37: 58 1910). SPERGULA L. Sp. Pi. 440. 1753 Spergula arvensis L.-, l.c. Spurry, poverty weed, corn spurry Adventive from Europe and common as a weed in fields and waste places. Spergula sativa Boenn, a closely related species has been collected as a waif in New England and in Ontario. Spergula Morisonii Bor., reported from near Rochester (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 9. 1910), is the same as Spergula vernalis Willd., and was doubtless a casual adventive. ALSINE ( Vaill.) L. Sp. PI. 272. 1753 T i s s a and Buda Adans. Fam. PI. 2 : 507. 1762 Spergularia Pers. Syn. x : 504. 1805 1 Alsine maritima Pall. Reise Russ. 3: 603. 1776 Salt-marsh sand spurry Arenaria rubra P, marina L. Sp. PI. 423. 1753 Spergularia salina J. & C. Presl, FI. Cech. 95, n. 687. 1819 Alsine media Crantz, Instit. 2: 407. 1766, in part; excl. syn. Not L. 1753 Alsinella media Hornem. Nomencl. FI. Dan. 32. 1827 Buda marina Dumort. FI. Belg. no. 1827 Alsine marina Reichenb. FI. Germ. Excurs. 566. 1832. Not Wahl. 1826 Lepigonum salinum G. Don, in Sweet Flort. Brit. Ed. 3, 69. 1839 Tissa marina Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 16 : 126. 1889 Spergularia media A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 95. 1867 Common in the salt marshes along the coast of Long Island and Staten Island, and also inland at Onondaga lake and Warsaw, Wyoming county {Baxter). 2 Alsine marginata (DC.) Reichenb. FI. Germ. Excur. 566. 1832 Margined sand spurry Arenaria marina var. P, Sm. FI. Brit. 2 : 480. 1800 Arenaria marginata DC. FI. Franc. 5: 793. 1805 Lepigonum marinum Wahl. FI. Gothob. 47. 1820 II NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM B\tda media Dumort. FI. Belg. no. 1827 Alsine marina Wahl. FI. Suec. 281. 1826 Spergularia marginata Kittel, Tauschenb. ed. 2, 1903. 1844 ? Spergularia alata Wiegand, Rhodora 22 : 15. 1920 In saline or brackish soil. Rare on western Long Island. Fre¬ quent about the old salt vat sites at Onondaga lake, and occasional westward about salt springs in Cayuga and Seneca counties. 3 Alsine canadensis (Pers.) House, Am. Mid. Nat. 7: 133. 1921 Northern sand spurry Arenaria rubra P, Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 274. 1803 Arenaria canadensis Pers. Syn. 1 : 504. 1805 Tissa salina Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 16: 127. 1889 (as to descr., and excl. syn.) Buda borealis S. Wats, in A. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 90. 1890 Spergularia borealis Robinson, in Syn. FI. 1 : 232. 1897 Native of the Atlantic coast, chiefly north of our limits. Collected on Shelter Island, opposite Greenport, Dr C. H. Peck (in state herbarium) . 4 Alsine rubra (L.) Crantz, Instit. 2: 407. 1766 Common or purple sand spurry Arenaria rubra L. Sp. PI. 423. 1753 A. rubra var. campestris L. l.c. Spergularia rubra J. & C. Presl, FI. Cecil. 93. 1819 Lepigonum rubrum Wahl. FI. Gothob. 45, 1820 Buda rubra Dumort., l.c. Spergularia campestris Aschers. FI. Prov. Brandenb. 94. 1864 Tissa rubra Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 16: 127. 1889 In waste places and along roadsides or sometimes maritime near the salt marshes. Apparently adventive or naturalized from Europe. Common in various localities on Long Island and Staten Island, about New York City and near Albany, Syracuse, Rochester, Buffalo, and doubtless other places. Family 23 CARYOPHYLLACEAE Reichenb. Consp. 206. 1828 Pink family AGROSTEMMA L. Sp. PL 435. 1753 Githago Adans. Fam. PI. 2 : 255. 1763 Lychnis §. Githago DC. Prodr. 1 : 387. 1824 Agrostemma Githago L., l.c. Corn cockle, corn rose G. nicaecnsis & G. segetum Link, Diss. Bot. Suerin, 62. 1795 In grain fields and waste places. Frequent or occasional in most sections of the State, especially in cultivated areas. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 323 SILENE L. Sp. PI. 416. 1753 Section Behenantha lichen Moench, Meth. 709. 1794 Behenantha Schur. in Verh. Naturf. Ver. Bruenn 152: 130. 1877 1 Silene latifolia (Mill.) Britten & Rendle, List. Br. Seed PI. 5. 1907 Bladder campion Cucubalus Bchen L. Sp. PI. 414 Nat Silcne Belien L. C. latifolius Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 2, 1768 Bchen vulgaris Moench, l.c. .S'. Cucubalus Wibel, Prim. FI. Werth 241. 1799 S. vulgaris Garcke, FI. Deutsch. ed. 9, 64. 1869 .S', inflata J. E. Smith, FI. Brit. 2: 292. 1800 S. venosa (Gilib.) Aschers. FI. Brandenb. 1: 86. 1854 In meadows and waste places, often in woods. Frequent or locally common across the State, especially in the more thickly settled sec¬ tions. Naturalized from Europe. Reported from Staten Island in i860, and from Buffalo in 1866 (collected in 1862). Section Eusilene Godr. 2 Silene stellata (L.) Ait. f. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 3: 84. 1811 Starry campion Cucubalus stcllatus L., l.c. 414 In woods and on shaded banks. Infrequent or locally common across the State, chiefly south of the Adirondacks. Rare or absent in the pine-barrens of Long Island. 3 Silene nutans L., l.c. 417. Nodding catchfly At Arrocher, Staten Island, Kerr (Torr. Club Bui. 22: 460. 1895). Adventive from Europe. 4 Silene virginica L., l.c. 419 Fire pink, indian pink S. Catesbaei Walt. FI. Car. 142. 1788 S', coccinca Moench, Meth. Suppl. 306. 1794 Melandryum virginicum A. Br. in Flora 26: 372. 1843 In dry woods. Rare in this State, but common south of our borders. Denmark, Lewis county, Hough (Cat. PI. Lewis Co. 1846, doubt¬ ful and unverified). Yates county, Sartivell (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 102. 1843). Monroe couny, Holser, Lennon (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 50. 1896). Not collected within recent years and doubt¬ fully native. 5 Silene caroliniana Walt. FI. Car. 142. 1788 Wild pink S. pcnnsylvanica Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 272. 1803 S. cheiranthoides Poir. Diet. 7: 176. 1806 .S'. incarnata Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 41 S. platypctala Otth. in DC. Prodr. 1 : 383. 1824 Mclandrium pennsylvanicum Rohrb. Monogr. 232. 1868 324 NEW YORK SYATE MUSEUM In dryr, sandy or rocky woods. Frequent on Long Island and *Staten Island, and in the Bronx and Westchester counties. Rare northward and not reported from the Catskills. Amenia, Dutchess county, Dow; Schenectady, Pearson (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 65. 1865). Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Hoysradt. Reported from Lewis county by Hough in 1846, and from Aurora, Cayuga county by Dr. Alex. Thompson in 1841. 6 Silene antirrhina L. Sp. PI. 419. 1753 Sleepy catchfly Saponaria dioica Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea i: 38. 1826 Ebraxis virgata Raf. Aut. Bot. 291. 1840 In dry or sandy soil, waste places, open woods or recently cleared or cultivated soil. Frequent or common in most sections of the State. Doubtless largely adventive or naturalized from the south. The var. divaricata Robinson, near Lansingburg, Peck. 7 Silene Armeria L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 601. 1762 Sweet William, Lobel’s catchfly In waste places and spontaneous in gardens and recently cultivated soil. Not common. Native of Europe. 8 Silene noctiflora L. Sp. PI. 419. 1753 Night-flowering catchfly Melandrium noctiflorum Fries, Bot. Notiser 143. 1843 In waste places. Occasional as a weed or sometimes common in neglected yards and gardens or along roadsides. Naturalized or adventive from Europe. 9 Silene anglica L., l.c. 416 English or small-flowered catchfly .S'. gallica L.-, l.c. 417 Corone gallica Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, N. S. 16: 344. 1868 In waste places or in recently cultivated soil. Not common. Adventive from Europe. Var. quinquevulnera (L.) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243- 244: 70. 1923 (S. quinquevulnera (L.) l.c. S', gallica var. quin¬ quevulnera Koch), with petals more showy, subentire, deep crimson with a white or pink border, is rare. 10 Silene dichotoma Ehrh. Beitr. 7: 143. 1792 Forked catchfly 51. racemosa Otth. in DC. Prodr. 1: 384. 1824 In fields and waste places. Frequent in most of the cultivated areas of the State. Naturalized from Europe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 325 LYCHNIS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 436. 1753 Melandrium Roehl. Deutsch. FI. ed. 2, 2: 37, 274. 1812 Section Eulychnis Fenzl. 1 Lychnis alba Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 4. 1768 White champion L. vespertina Sibth. FI. Oxon. 146. 1794 M. album Garcke, FI. Deutschl. ed. 4, 5.5. 1858 In waste places and on ballast. Infrequent or local. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. First reported from Elmira, Gray, 1863 (Add. Bot. No. U. S. p. xc.) 2 Lychnis dioica L., l.c. 437 Red campion L. diurna Sibth., l.c. 145 L. sylvestris Schk. Handb. 1: 403. pi. 124. 1808 M. dioicum Coss. & Germ. FI. Par. ed. 1, 28. 1845 In waste places and on ballast. Infrequent or rare. Adventive from Europe. First New York collection by Peck in 1883 at Peters¬ burg, Rensselaer county. 3 Lychnis Chalcedonica L., l.c. 436 Scarlet lychnis A rare escape from gardens to fields and roadsides. Native of eastern Europe and western Asia. Rare on Long Island, Staten Island and the lower Hudson valley, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 313. 1915)- Monroe county ( Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 50. 1896). White Lake, Oneida county, Haberer, (N. Y. State Mus. Bill. 105: 33. 1906). Claryville and North Elba, Peck (54th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 143. 1901). 4 Lychnis Flos-cuculi L. l.c. 436 Ragged robin M. Flos-cuculi Roehl., l.c. 274 Coronaria Flos-cuculi A Br. Flora 26: 368. 1843 In moist soil, chiefly in meadows, old fields and along roadsides. Locally common across the State. Naturalized from Europe or an escape from gardens. Section Agrostemma Fenzl. Coronaria, Sect. Pseudagrostemma A. Br., l.c. 368 5 Lychnis Coronaria (L.) Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 3: 643. 1789 Mullein pink Agrostemma Coronaria L., l.c. 436 Coronaria tomentosa A. Br., l.c. Frequent in cultivation and occasionally escaped to roadsides and waste places, or spontaneous in old gardens and yards. Native of Europe. 326 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM GYPSOPHILA L. Sp. PI. 406. 1753 Gypsophila muralis L., l.c. 408 Low gypsophila In waste places. Rare as a weed in southern New York. Adven- tive from Europe. PETRORHAGIA (Ser.) Link, Handb. 2: 235. 1831 Imperatia Moench, Meth. 60. 1794. Not Imperata Cyrilli, 1792 Petrorhagia Saxifraga (L.) Ser., l.c. Tunica, Saxifrage pink Dianthus Saxifragus L. Sp. PI. 413. 1753 Tunica Saxifraga Scop. FI. Cam. ed. 2, 1: 300. 1772 I. filiformis Moench, l.c. Roadsides near Flushing, Long Island. Not recently collected and probably not established in our flora. Native of Europe. SAPONARIA L. Sp. PI. 408. 1753 Bootia Neck. Delic. Gallo-Belg. 1: 193. 1768 Saponaria officinalis L., l.c. Bouncing Bet, soapwort B. vulgaris Neck., l.c. 193 B. Saponaria Neck. Act. Acad. Theod. Pal. 2: 4S4. 1770 Roadsides and waste places. Common. Naturalized from Europe. VACCARIA Medic. Phil. Bot. 1 : 96. 1789 Saponaria, Sect. Vaccaria Robinson, Syn. FI. i1: 213. 1897 Vaccaria Vaccaria (L.) Britton, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 1, 2: 18. 1897 Cowherb, cockle Saponaria Vaccaria L., l.c. 409 V. vulgaris Host. FI. Aust. 1: 518. 1827 V. scgctalis Garcke, in Aschers. FI. Brand. 1 : 84. 1854 In waste places and on ballast'. Infrequent or locally abundant, especially about cities and towns. Naturalized or adventive from Europe. DIANTHUS L. Sp. PI. 409. 1753 Tunica Boehm, in Ludw. Def. Gen. 298. 1760 i Dianthus prolifera L., l.c. 410 Proliferous or childing pink Tunica prolifera Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, 1: 299. 1772 In waste places and on ballast. Rare or local, chiefly on Staten Island and about New York City. Elsewhere rare. Adventive from Europe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 1>27 2 Diantbus Armeria L. Sp. PI. 410. 1753 Deptford pink D. armeroides Raf. in Desv. Tour. Bot. 3: 269. 1814 Atocion armeroides Raf. Autikon Bot. 29 In fields, along roadsides and in waste places. Frequent in most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 3 Dianthus deltoides L. Sp. PI. 41 1. 1753 Maiden or meadow pink In waste places, along roadsides, iq, old gardens, etc. Infrequent, and not reported from the extreme southern part of the State. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. 4 Dianthus barbatus L. Sp. PI. 409. 1753 Sweet William In waste places, usually as an escape from gardens. Occasional or locally common. Native of Europe. Family 24 CERATOPHYLLACEAE A. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 4: 41- i837 Hornwort family CERATOPHYLLUM L. Sp. PI. 992. 1753 Ceratophyllum demersum L., l.c. Hornwort, hornweed In slow streams and ponds. Infrequent or locally abundant across the State. Not reported from North Elba by Peck, and apparently absent from most of the northern Adirondack region. Common in many of the lakes and slow streams of the central and western parts of the State, the St Lawrence region and along the south shore of Lake Ontario. The var. echinatum Gray, with about the same range is perhaps not a constant or well-marked variety. Family 25 CABOMBACEAE A. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 4: 46. 1837 Water shield family BRASENIA Schreber, Gen. PI. 372. 1789 Brasenia Schreberi Gmel. Syst. Veg. 1 : 853. 1796 Water shield Menyanthes nymphaeoides Thunb. FI. Jap. 82. 1784. Not L. 1753 Hydropcltis purpurea Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 324. 1803 Brasenia pcltata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 389. 1814 B. purpurea Casp. in Engi. & Prantl., Nat. Pfl. Fam. 3-: 6. 1890 328 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In ponds, lakes and slow streams. Common across the northern part of the State. Less frequent in the eastern, and southern sec¬ tions of the State, and in the ponds and bays along Lake Ontario. (See Joseph Schrenk, on the histology of the vegetative organs of this plant (Torr. Club Bui. 15: 29-47. 1888). Family 26 NELUMBONACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 13. 1836 Sacred bean family NELUMBO (Tourn.) Adams. Fam. PI. 2: 76. 1763 Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers. Syn. 1: 92. 1805 American nelumbo or lotus Nclumbium liiteum Willd. Sp. PI. 2: 1259. 1799 Cyamus lutcus Nutt. Gen. 2: 25. 1818 The only known locality for this plant in New York State is Sodus Bay, Wayne county. ( Sartwell ; Torr & Gray, FI. N. Am. 1: 56. 1838; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 38. 1843 Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 58, 183. 1865 ; N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 197: 60. fig. 4. 1918). Family 27 NYMPH AEACEAE DC. Propr. Med. ed. 2, 119. 1816 Water lily family NYMPHAEA L. Sp. PI. 510. 1753 Nymphozanthus L. C. Rich. Anal du Fruit 63, 103. 1808* Nuphar Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. FI. Graec. Prodr. 1: 361. 1808 (1809) 1 Nymphaea microphylla Pers. Syn. 2: 63. 1807 Small yellow pond lily N. lutea var. Kalmiana Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 311. 1803 Nuphar Kalmianum R. Br. in Ait. f. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 3: 295. 1811 Nuphar microphyllum Fernald, Rhodora 19: hi. 1917 Nymphaea Kalmiana Sims, Bot. Mag. pi. 1243. 1809 Nymphozanthes microphyllus Fernald, Rhodora 21: 186. 1919 In ponds and slow streams. Infrequent but widely distributed across the State northward. Less frequent westward and south¬ ward and absent from the southern part of Long Island. 2 Nymphaea rubrodisca (Morong) Greene, Torr. Club Bui. 15: 84. 1888 Peck’s yellow pond lily ♦Fernald (Rhodora 21: 183-188. 1919) takes up the name Nymphozanthus for this genus, because Nymphaea, as amended by Linnaeus in 1764, applies to fhe white water lily group. See also Conrad (Rhodora 18: 161-164. 1916). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 329 Nuphar advena var. hybrida Peck, 34th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 53. 1881 Nuphar advena var. (?) minor Morong, Bot. Gaz. 11: 167. 1886 Nuphar rubrodiscum Morong, l.c. Nymphaea Fletcheri Lawson, Proc. & Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, Sect. IV. 6: 1 19. 1888 Nymphaea hybrida Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 75.. 1899 Commonly regarded as a hybrid between N. microphylla and N. advena var. variegata in the north. Generally distributed throughout the lakes, ponds and slow streams of the northern and central sec¬ tions of the State, and less common or rare westward and southward, nearly always associated with the two species of which it is supposed to be a hybrid. 3 Nymphaea advena Solander iu Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 226. 1789 Spatterdock, large yellow pond lily, cow lily Nuphar advena R. Br., in Ait. f. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 3: 295. 1811 Nuphar americana Provancher, FI. Cand. 1 : 28. 1862 Rare in the eastern, central and western sections of the State. More common southward, especially on Long Island. The typical southern form is quite distinct from the form of the northern lakes and ponds, but intermediate forms or gradations are too frequent to permit of definite specific seperation, and the northern form is best treated as : Var. variegata (Engelm.) Fernald, Rhodora 10: 49. 1908 Northern yellow pond lily Nuphar variegatum Engelm. ; Clinton, ex E. Durand in 19th Rep’t Regents, 73. 1866 Nuphar advena var. variegata Engelm. in Gray’s Man. ed. 5, 57. 1867 Nymphaea variegata G. S. Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 13. 1902 Nymphaea americana Miller & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 78. 1912 Nymphozanthus variegatus Fernald, Rhodora 21: 187. 1919 This in its typical form always possesses floating leaves, and is the prevailing form throughout all of eastern, central and northern New York. In western New York, especially along Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, and in the southern tier of counties, along the Hudson river and other rivers flowing south, the typical form of N. advena, with leaves more or less erect and at least partially out of the water, or at least not entirely floating, is frequent or common, but even in these sections typical var. variegata is not entirely absent and inter¬ mediate forms are common. There is a strong suspicion that the higher temperatures of the waters of the more southern streams and ponds is responsible for the differences in habit between the northern and southern forms of this species, since neither size of flowers nor the number of rays of the peltate stigma have proven to be constantly different in the two forms. 330 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM CASTALIA Salisb. in Konig & Sims, Ann. Bot. 2: 71. 1805 Nymphaea L. Gen. PI. Ed. 6, 264. 1764. Not L., 1753 Leuconymphaea (Ludw. 1737) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 11. 1891 1 Castalia ordorata (Dryand.) Woodville & Wood, in Rees’ Cyclop. 6: No. 1. 1806 Sweet-scented white water lily Nymphaea odorata Dryand. in Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 227. 1789 Castalia pudica Salisb., l.c. 72 L. ordorata MacM., Met. Minn. 228. 1892 In ponds, lakes and quite or slow-flowing streams. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State, or locally absent from sections where such waters do not occur. Starved or depauperate forms constitute the so-called var. minor, and it is usually these small forms which often possess pink or rosy colored flowers, known as forma rosea (Pursh) Britton (Cat. PI. N. J. 44. 1889). 2 Castalia tuberosa! Paine) Greene, Torr. Club Bui. 15: 84. 1888 Large or tuberous white water lily Nymphaea tuberosa Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 132 (184). 1865 Leuconymphaea tuberosa Kuntze, l.c. Frequent or common in bays, lakes and ponds, rarely in slow streams, from Lake Champlain westward, outside of the Adirondacks, to Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, and southward to Delaware county. Family 28 MAGNOLIACEAE J. St. Hil. Expos. Fam. 2: 74. 1805 Magnolia family MAGNOLIA L. Sp. PI. 535. 1753 1 Magnolia virginiana L., l.c. Sweet bay, laurel magnolia M. virginiana var. ylauca L., l.c. M. glauca L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 755. 1763 M. fragraus Salisb. Prodr. 379. 1796 In swamps and swampy woods, south of the moraine on Long Island and occasionally on Staten Island. 2 Magnolia acuminata L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 756. 1763 Cucumber tree, mountain magnolia M. virginiana var. acuminata L. Sp. PI. 536. 1753 Tulipastrum americanuni Spach, Hist. Veg. 7: 483. 1839 T. acuminatum Small, FI. SE. U. S. 451. 1903 In rich woods. Central and western parts of the State. Infre¬ quent, but increasing in abundance southward. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 33 1 The eastern limit of the range of this beautiful tree is apparently Broome, Cortland and Onondaga counties, thence westward to Lake Erie and southward. It is doubtful if the range of this reaches the shores of Lake Ontario unless perhaps in Niagara county. LIRIODENDRON L. Sp. PI. 535. 1753 Liriodendron Tulipifera L., l.c. Tulip tree, tulip poplar Tulipifera liriodendron Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. 1768 Liriodendron procerwn Salisb. Prodr. 379. 1796 In rich woods, especially lowland woods in the extreme north of its range, across the State south of the Adirondacks. Rare or absent from the more elevated portions of the Catskill region and from the higher or upland woods of the elevated region extending from Albany county westward to southern Onondaga county. Occasional in the Mohawk valley and adjacent woods, and common in the lowlands about Oneida lake and westward. Southward in the State of more uniform and general distribution. Family 29 ANONACEAE DC. Syst. 1 : 463. 1818 Custard apple familv ASIMINA Adams. Fam. PI. 2: 365. 1763 Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal. Mon. Anon. 83. 1817 North American pa paw Annona triloba L. Sp. PI. 537. 175.3 Orchidocarpum arietinum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. x: 329. 1803 Purcclia triloba Pers. Syn. 2: 95. 1807 Uvaria triloba Torr. & Gray, FI. N. Am. 1: 45. 1838 Along streams and in low ground, Monroe county westward and southward. Rare or infrequent but increasing toward the south¬ west. Reported by Pursh ( Journal for July 30, 1807) from opposite Three Rivers Point, Oswego county. In this State usually a very small tree, but specimens measuring up to six inches in diameter have been found in Niagara county, and 4 or 5 inches in diameter near Brockport in Monroe county. Family 30 RANUNCULACEAE Gerard, FI. Galloprov. 1761; Juss. Gen. 231. 1789 Crowfoot family HYDRASTIS Ellis; L. Syst. ed. 10, 1088. 1759 Warner a Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. 1768 332 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Hydrastis canadensis L., l.c. Golden seal, orange root Warnera canadensis Mill., l.c. IV. diphylla and tinctoria Raf. Med. FI. i: 253. 1825 In rich moist woods, Madison and Tompkins counties westward and southward. Infrequent or rare. Reported eastward to Con¬ necticut, not definitely known in New York east of Madison county. CALTHA (Rupp.) L. Sp. PI. 558. 1753 Clatha palustris L., l.c. Marsh marigold, cowslips In swamps, marshes and wet meadows. Frequent or common throughout the State. Rare or absent in the pine-barrens of Long Island. There are numerous synonyms for this species in European litera¬ ture. The American plant was described by Rafinesque (Med. Repos. 11.5:361. 1808), as C. parnassifolia, and Dr E. L. Greene (Ottawa Nat. 23: 112. 1909), regards our plant as distinct from the European one under this name. Var. flabellifolia (Pursh) T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 27. 1838. ( C . flabellifolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 390. 1814), in cold mountain springs of Delaware county. Var. radicans (Forst.) Hartm., an arctic and boreal variety, has been reported by Rydberg from Woodlawn, New York City and West Hampton, Long Island. (C. radicans T. F. Forst, Trans. Linn. Soc. 8: 324. t. 1 7. 1807). The so-called variety integerrima (Pursh, l.c.) T. & G., l.c. is probably not a well marked form. Rafinesque’s name for the Ameri¬ can plant is also taken up by Torrey & Gray as a variety. TROLLIUS L. Sp. PI. 556. 1753 Trollius laxus Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. 8: 303. 1803 American globe flower T. americanus Muhl. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3: 172, name only. 1793 Gaissenia verna Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 351. 1808 In deep swamps and marshy borders of woods. Rare from Westchester and Rockland counties to Otsego and Herkimer counties and westward across the State. Formerly in Bronx and Queens counties, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 319. 1915). HELLEBORUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 557. 1753 Helleborus viridis L., l.c. 558 Green hellebore In waste places. Native of Euorpe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 333 Locally adventive near Jamaica and in woods near Flushing, Long Island (Torrey, FI. N. Y. I : 19. 1853), and Salamanca, Cattaraugus county. Day (PI. Buffalo 14. 1883). Occasional in cultivation but not recently collected or reported as an adventive in this State. COPTIS Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. 8: 305. 1803 Chrysa Raf.; Desv. Jour. Bot. 2: 170. 1809 Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb., l.c. Gold thread Helleborus trifolius L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 784. 1762 Chrysa borealis Raf. Desv. Jour. Bot. 2: 170. 1809 Isopyrum trifolium Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 18: 265. 1891 In damp mossy woods and swamps. Common or frequent across the State northward, in central New York and westward to Lake Erie. Less common or local southward to the lower Hudson valley, and in most of the southern counties bordering on Pennsylvania. Recorded from Staten Island but not from Long Island. XANTHORRHIZA L’Her. Stirp. Nov. 79. 1784 Xanthorrhiza apiifolia L’Her., l.c. Shrub yellow root X. simplicissirna. Marsh. Arb. Am. 168. 1785 In woods and along banks of streams in Cattaraugua and Chautau¬ qua counties. Less common eastward to Steuben county and north¬ ward into Erie county. In Torrey’s Flora of New York, Gray’s Manual, and in Paine’s Catalogue of the Plants of Oneida County, this is reported from a deep ravine near Sherburne, Chenango county, 11 miles south of Hamilton (/. S. Douglass ), and as having been transplanted to a ravine on College Hill (Clinton, Oneida county) by Professor Orrin Root. ACTAEA L. Sp. PI. 504. 1753 1 Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd. Enum. 561. 1809 Red baneberry, black cohosh A. spicata var. rubra Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 221. 1789 In woods and thickets. Common throughout most of the State, but less frequent southward and rare on Long Island. Forma neglecta (Gillman) Robinson, Rhodora 10: 66. 1908 A. neglecta Gillman; Lloyd’s Drugs & Med. 235. 1884-5 A. eburnea Rydb., Mem. N. Y. Bot. Garden 1; 15,3. 1900 An intermediate form with white berries on long slender green pedicels. Reported from Essex, Herkimer, Monroe, Ontario and Albany counties. 334 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Actaea alba (L.) Mill. Card. Diet. ed. 8, No. 2, 1768 White baneberry A. spicata var. alba L. Sp. PI. 504. 1753 A. pachypoda Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 15. 1817 In rich woods, flowering a week or two weeks later than A. rubra, when the two species grow together. Common across the State, especially southward. Rare northward and absent from the higher Adirondack region. Forma rubrocarpa, Killip, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 40 1923, with red berries on thickened pedicels, which are usually reddish at maturity, as in typical A. alba, reported from Cattaraugus county by Kneiskern (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 22. 1843), and recently collected at Pittsford, Monroe county by E. P. Killip. CIMICIFUGA L. Syst. ed. 12, 659. 1767 Macrotrys Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 352. 1808 Thalictrodes Amm. ; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 4. 1891 1 Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. Gen. 2: 15. 1818. Black snakeroot, black cohosh Aclaca racemosa L. Sp. PI. 504. 1753 M. actacoidcs Raf., l.c. ; in Desv. Jour. Bot. 2: 170. 1809 M. racemosa Sweet, Hort. Brit. 9. 1S27 C. serpentaria Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 372. 1814 Thalictrodes racemosum Kuntze, l.c. In woods and thickets. Rare in the Mohawk valley, the upper Hudson valley and central New York. More common from Onondaga county westward and southward, and in southeastern New York and in the southern counties bordering on Pennsylvania. The report by Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 74. 1899) of this species at North Elba, Essex county, is apparently a mistake The plant in the state herbarium under that name from North Elba, is immature and only in bud, and is quite certainly a species of Actaca. Near Troy ( Gordinier & Howe) seems to be the northern range of this species in eastern New York. Var. dissecta A. Gray, occurs from Connecticut to Delaware, but has not been definitely reported from this State. 2 Cimicifuga americana Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 316. 1803 American bugbane Thalictrodes americanum Kuntze, l.c. Acctaea americana Prantl, Bot. Jahrb. g: 246. 1888 An Appalachian species reported northward to “central New York,’ in Britton & Brown’s Illustrated Flora, ed. 2 (1913), and “Watkins, N. Y.” (according to Britton), in Gray’s Manual, ed. 7 (1908). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 335 AQUILEGIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 533. 1753 [ Aquilegia canadensis L., l.c. Wild columbine, rock bells, honeysuckle A. variegata Moench, Meth. 31 1. 1794 A. elegans Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. 374. 1796 A. coccinca Small, Bui. N. Y. Bot. Garden 1: 280. 1899 In rocky or sometimes sandy woods. Common throughout the State. Forma flaviflora (Tenney) Britton, with yellow flowers, is very rare. Forma albiflora House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 48. 1923, with white flowers, collected near Syracuse by Mrs L. L. H. Goodrich (state herbarium). 2 Aquilegia vulgaris L., l.c. European columbine Formerly very common as a cultivated ornamental plant and still frequent in cultivation. Locally common in many sections of the State as an escape in woods and fields, and persistent about old grounds. Numerous varieties are described, and the purplish and pink flowered forms, and rarely the white flowered form, are found naturalized. DELPHINIUM L. Sp. PI. 530. 1753 Delphinium Ajacis L., l.c. 531 Rocket larkspur D. Consolida Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 20. 1843. Not L. Rarely persistent in old yards and on waste ground, chiefly as a garden escape. Frequent in cultivation. Native of Europe. D. Consolida L. has more than once been reported from New York, but no specimens have been seen. All specimens in the state herbarium, so labelled, are D. Ajacis. ACONITUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 532. 1753 Aconitum noveboracense A. Gray; Coville, Torr. Club Bui. 13: 190. 1886 New York monkshood A. uncinatum Torr. FI. N. Y. 1: 21. 1843. Not L. In moist or wet woods in Chenango, Ulster and Orange counties. Rare. Chenango county, LcConte (Torrev, Cat. PI. N. Y. & FI. N. Y. Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 56. 1865). Greene, Chenango county, A. Willard (Robinson in A. Gray, Syn. FI. 1 : 52. 1895). Oxford, Coville (l.c.). Upper waters of Beaver Kill, Ulster county, Rev , 336 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM A. P. Van Gieson (27th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 89. 1887, as A. napellus). Between West Shokan and Bullrun, Peck (53d Rep’t N. Y. Sate Mus. 849. 1900). ANEMONE L. Sp. PI. 538. 1753 1 Anemone hudsoniana Richards, in Frankl. Jour. App. 741. 1823 Cut-leaved anemone, red wind flower A. multifida var. hudsoniana DC. Prodr. 1: 21. 1824 A. sanguinea Pursh; T. & G. FI. N. Am. x: 13. 1838, as syn. Pritz, in Linnaea 15: 672. 1841 A. multifida Robinson & Fernald, in Gray’s Man. ed. 7, 401. 1908. Not Poir. On limestone rocks and ledges along the Black river near Water- town, Crctu’c (Gray, in Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 222. 1835), and along the river cliffs between Brownville and Dexter, Vasey (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 1865). 2 Anemone cylindrica A. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 221. 1836 Long-fruited anemone In open sandy places or on rocky ledges. Infrequent or locally abundant across the State northward, outside of the higher Adiron- dacks, southward to Westchester and Delaware counties and west¬ ward to Lake Erie. 3 Anemone virginiana L. Sp. PI. 540. 1753 Tall anemone, thimble-weed In woods, thickets and meadows. Common in most sections of the State The typical form of this species has the sepals leathery and greenish, very pubescent on the back, narrowly oblong, acuminate, .7-1.3 cm long; head of fruit 1-1.5 cm thick. Forma rubrasepala House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 26. 1923. The thick leathery sepals strongly tinged with red above, silky white outside. Cairo, Greene county, Slater (state herbarium). Var. alba Wood, Classbook, 203. 1861 A. cylindrica var. alba Oakes, in Hovey's Mag. Hort. 7: 182. 1842 A. riparia Fernald, Rhodora 1: 51. 1899; 19: 139. 1917 A rather anomalous variety or condition in which the leaf-seg¬ ments are sometimes more cuneate at the base ; anthers shorter ; fruiting heads only 7-1 1 mm thick ; styles subuate and more ascending ; sepals petaloid, white, at least the inner ones oblong to oval, rounded at the tip, 1.3-2 cm long, 0.8- 1.5 cm broad. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 337 Fernald (Rhodora 19: 139-140. 1917), in attempting to point out its distinguishing characteristics, adds to the difficulty by de¬ scribing a form with thick leathery sepals (A. riparia f. inconspicua) , like those of virginiana. For A. virginiana, he describes a form (A. virginiana f. leucosepalo ■) with, petaloid, sepals like those of A. riparia. This reduces the differentiating characters to a matter of leaf-segments, the form of which is not, as he admits, constant in the 2 so-called species; length of anthers, thickness of fruiting heads and character of styles, characters sufficiently good if they were constant, which is not the case. 4 Anemone canadensis L. Syst. ed. 12, 3 : App. 231. 1768 Canada or round-leaved anemone A. pennsylvanica L. Mant. 2: 247. 1771 A. aconitifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 320. 1803 A. dichotoma var. canadensis MacM. Met. Minn. 237. 1892 In low grounds and along river banks. Frequent or common across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks. Less frequent south¬ ward to Westchester and Bronx counties and not found on Long Island or Staten Island. Not reported from the Chemung valley by Clute, and apparently rare or local in most of the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. 5 Anemone quinquefolia L. Sp. PI. 541. 1753 Wind flower, wood anemone A. pedata Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 361. 1808 A. nemorosa P, quinquefolia T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 : 12. 1838 In low woods, most often in light or sandy soil, sometimes in rocky woodlands. Common across the State southward. Rather local northward to the eastern foothills of the Adirondacks, along Lake Champlain and in Clinton county, and west of the mountains north¬ ward to St Lawrence county. HEPATIC A (Rupp.) Mill. Gard. Diet. Abr. ed. 4, 1754 1 Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker. in Edward’s Bot. Reg. 5: t. 387. 1819 Round-leaved hepatica or liverleaf H. triloba var. obtusa Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 391. 1814 H. triloba var. americana DC. Syst. 1: 216. 1817 H. triloba & H. Hepatica of American reportes, not Anemone Hepatica L., or H. triloba Chaix. 33« NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In woods. Frequent or common across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks, chiefly at low elevations and outside of dis¬ tinctly limestone formations. Fernald (Rhodora 19: 46. 1917) takes the blue-flowered form as typical and describes forma Candida, with white flowers ; and forma rhodantha, with pink or rosy flowers. 2 Hepatica acutiloba DC. Prodr. 1 : 22. 1824 Sharp-lobed hepatica or liverleaf H. triloba var. acuta Pursh, lx. //. acuta Britton, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 6: 234. 1891 In woods. Common or frequent in most sections of the State north of the coastal plain, and particularly abundant in calcareous sections. Among the color forms may be detected those with white flowers, blue flowers, pink or rosy flowers and forms with the blue or rosy sepals margined with white. SYNDESMON Hoffmg. Flora 15: Intell. Bl. 4, 34. 1832 Anemonella Spach, Hist. Veg. 7: 239. 1839 Syndesmon thalictroides (L.) Hoffmg., l.c. Rue anemone Anemone thalictroides L. Sp. PI. 342. 1753 Thalictrum anemonoidcs Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 322. 1803 Anemonella thalictroides Spach, l.c. In woods, thickets and on banks, usually in sandy or alluvial soil, sometimes in rocky woods. Frequent or common across the State south of the Adirondack region from Washington and Saratoga counties to Oneida, Lewis and Jefferson counties, westward and southward. Rather local in the northern part of its range, becoming common southward. RANUNCULUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 548. 1753 Subgenus Batrachiu m Batrachium S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 720. 1821 i Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix. in Vill. Hist. PI. Dauph. 1 : 335. 1786 White Water Crowfoot R. pantothrix DC. Syst. 1 : 235. 1818 R. divaricatus Schrank, Baier. FI. 2: 104. 1789 R. aquatUis var. capillaccvs DC. Prodr. 1 : 26. 1824 R. aquatilis var. trichophyllus A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 4°- 1867 R. aquatilis var. subntersus Godron, in Gren. & Godr. FI. Fr. 1: 23. 1848 Batrachium trichophyllum F. Schultz, Arch. FI. Fr. & Allem. 1: 70. 1844 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 339 In ponds and slow streams. Infrequent but widely distributed across the State north of the coastal plain. Raybrook, Essex county, Peck (State Mus. Bui. 23: 73. 1899). Sandlake, Gordinier, Peck (Gordinier & Howe, FI. Rensselaer Co 5. 1894). Cayuga lake and Tompkins county, Dudley (Cayuga FI. 2. 1886). Goodrich lake and Davenport, Delaware county, Ploy; Chenango river, Coville; New Berlin, Ellsworth (Clute. FI. Upper Susquehanna 3. 1898). Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr Club Bui. 9: 149. 1882). Canton, Phelps. 2 Ranunculus longirostre Godron, in Mem. Soc. Roy. Nancy 1839 : 39. 1840 Stiff white water crowfoot R. aquatilis var. divaricatus Gray, Man. ed. 2, 7. 1856 B. longirostre F. Schultz, l.c. 71 R. aquatilis var. longirostris Lawson, Rev. Canad. Ranunc. 41. 1870 B. divaricatum Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 160. 1894. Not Wimm. R. circinatus of N. Y. reports In ponds and slow streams. Occasional or locally frequent across the State northward. Less common southward to Dutchess and Westchester counties and westward to Lake Erie. Subgenus F i c a r i a Ficaria (Rupp.) Huds. FI. Angl. 213. 1762 3 Ranunculus Ficaria L. Sp. PI. 550. 1753 Lesser celandine F. verna Fluds., l.c. 214 F. ranunculoides Moench, Meth. 215. 1794 F. Ficaria Karst. Deutsch. FI. 565. 1880-83 Native of Europe and locally adventrive on Long Island and Staten Island. Not recently collected. Subgenus Halerpestes Halerpestes Greene, Pittonia 4: 207. 1900 4 Ranunculus Cymbalaria Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 392. 1S14 Seaside crowfoot Oxygraphis Cymbalaria Prantl. in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pfl. Fam. 3Z: 63. 1891 Cyrtorhyncha Cymbalaria Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 161. 1894 Halerpestes Cymbalaria Greene, l.c. 208 On sandy shores and in salt marshes. Rare on Long Island. Not reported from Staten Island. Frequent, or formerly so, on the borders of Onondaga lake and in the Montezuma marshes, and re¬ ported from along the St Lawrence river and the Great Lakes. Subgenus Eli ranunculus (Ranunculus proper) Ranunculus, §. Euranunculus Robinson, Syn. FI. i1: 24. 1895 340 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 5 Ranunculus flabellaris Raf . Am. Mo. Mag. 2 : 344. March 1818 Yellow water crowfoot R. muhifidus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 736. 1814. Not Forsk. 1775 R. fluviatilis Bigel. FI. Bost. 139. 1814. Not Weber R. delphinifolius Torr. ; Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 395. 1818 R. lacustris Beck & Tracy; Eaton Man. ed. 3, 423. 1822; N. Y. Med. & Phys. Jour. 2: 1 12. 1823; Trans. Albany Inst. 1: 148. pi 5 R. Purshii var. 1, Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 14. 1843 (Var. A, Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 54. 1865) In shallow water of ponds, ditches, slow streams and lake shores'. Infrequent or local across the State outside of the higher Adiron- dacks. Marshes east of Onondaga lake, along Lake Ontario, and at Sodus Bay, Paine (Cat. 182. 1865). Lansingburg and near Lewiston, Beck & Tracy (N. Y. Med. & Phys. Jour. 2; 112. 1823). Ironde- quoit ; West Henrietta, Chili and Gates, Monroe county, and in Wayne county and at Golah (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 42. 1896; 5:84. 1917)- Waverly, Millspaugh; Beechwood swamp, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 3. 1898). Tompkins county, Dudley (Cayuga FI. 2. 1886). Wading River, Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 258. 1878) Orient, Burnham & Latham (Torreya 14: 241. 1914). Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club. Bui. 18: 213 1891). Watertown, Gray. Along Black creek east of Oneida lake. House. Lisbon, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. Emersed forms are designated as R. delphinifolius forma tcr- restris (Gray) Blake, Rhodora 15: 164. 1913 ( R . multifidus var. terrestris Gray, Man. ed. 5, 41. 1867; R. Purshii var. y, Paine, Cat. 55. 1865), and may be found with the typical species. R. Purshii Richards. Frankl. 1st Jour. ed. 2, App. 751. 1823 This species probably does not occur in New York State, unless it be in the extreme northern part, although it has been more than once reported. The collection by Peck at Greenbush, which has been referred to R. Purshii, proves to be an emersed form of R. flabellaris. Near Oneida lake during certain seasons of exceptionally low water, the emersed form is common, other seasons with normal water con¬ ditions it cannot be found. 6 Ranunculus pusillus Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 6: 99. 1804 Low spearwort In marshy places. Rare in southeastern New York. Pelhamville, Westchester county, E. G. Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 13: 6. 1886). Staten Island, T. F. Allen (Clinton, in 19th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 204. 1866). Formerly on New York Island (Tor¬ rey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 12. 1843). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 34I 7 Ranunculus reptans L. Sp. PI. 549. 1753. Creeping spearwort R. filiformis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 320. 1803 R. Flammula var. reptans E. Mey. PI. Lab. 96. 1830 R. reptans var. filiformis DC. Prodr. x: 32. 1824 On gravelly or sandy shores. Locally common throughout the State, especially northward and westward and in the Adirondacks. Less frequent southward in the State and reported from Long Island. Occasionally the leaves are somewhat broader and the flowers larger, becoming var. intermedius (Hook.) T. & G., which Robin¬ son, (Syn. FI. i1: 27. 1895) reports from the shore of Lake Ontario. Var. ovalis (Bigel.) T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 16. 1838. ( R . filiformis var. ovalis Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 224. 1824), described as having leaves oval and lanceolate, is reported by Paine (Cat. 183. 1865), from Sodus Point, Wayne county. I have not seen this form, and cannot determine whether it is different from the var. inter¬ medins. 8 Ranunculus obtusiusculus Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 359. 1808 Water plantain spearwort R. ambigens S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 1: 16. 1878 R. flammula var. laxiculmis T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 16. 1838 R. lingua Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 391. 1814. Not L. R. flammula Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 11. 1843. Not L. R. laxiculmis Darby, Bot. So. States 204. 1866 R. alismaefolius A. Gray, Man. ed. 5 41. 1867. Not Geyer, 1848 In low wet meadows and marshes across the State from Rensselaer county to Lake Ontario and southward. Troy, /. Wright, 1835. West Troy, Gordinier. Selkirk and Al¬ bany, Albany county, Peck. Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. Oswego, C. S. Sheldon. Western counties, Kneiskern; Crooked lake, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 55, 1865). Painted Post, Steuben county, Arnold (Cayuga Flora 3, 1886). Susquehanna river, Clnte (FI. Upper Susquehanan 3, 1898). 9 Ranunculus abortivus L. Sp. PI. 551. 1753 Kidney or smooth-leaved crowfoot In wet or marshy places and low moist woods. Common. Ap¬ parently merging into a slender non-succulent form (Var. eucyclus Fernald) which is common throughout the northern part of the State. 10 Ranunculus micranthus Nutt. ; T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 : 18. 1838 Rock crowfoot 342 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In rich woods, often on rocks or on rocky slopes. Occasional in eastern New York outside of the Adirondacks and southward in the Hudson valley. Apparently uncommon or rare westward across the State. 11 Ranunculus alleghaniensis Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 22: 224 1895 Alleghenian crowfoot In rich woods. Frequent in the Hudson valley and the southern counties of the State, westward to Lake Erie. Lime Rock, Genesee county, Killip. 12 Ranunculus sceleratus L. Sp. PI. 551. 1753 Celery-leaved crowfoot In swamps and wet ditches. Common along the coastal region and locally inland along the Hudson river, shores of Oneida lake, about the salt marshes of Onondaga lake and Montezuma, Cayuga marshes at Ithaca, shores of Seneca and Cayuga lakes, Lake Ontario and other localities. Perhaps in part naturalized from Europe. 13 Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 6: 125. 1804 Rough crowfoot R. lanuginosus Walt. FI. Car. 159. 1788. Not L. R. saniculaeformis Muhl. Cat. 54. 1813 ; Torrey in Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 397. 1818 R. fascic ularis Spreng. New. Entd. 1: 228. 1820. Not. Michx. In woods and moist thickets. Common or frequent in most sec¬ tions of the State. 14 Ranunculus acris L. Sp. PI. 554. 1753 Tall or meadow buttercup In fields, meadows and waste places. Common. Naturalized from Europe. Variable in the shape of the leaf segments, pubescence and in size of petals. Critical studies which might indicate the varieties which occur in this State have apparently not been made. The var. Steveni (Andrz.) Lange, occurs in the eastern part of the State, and the other scanty collections in the state herbarium indicate that other varieties are represented in our flora. 15 Ranunculus Boraeanus Jordon, Obs. PI. Crit. 6: 19. 1847 Perhaps only a variety of the preceding species. Native of Europe and collected near Gansevoort, Saratoga county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps (Rhodora 21 : 208. 1919, and in state herbarium). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 343 16 Ranunculus bulbosus L. Sp. PI. 554. 1753 Bulbous buttercup In fields, along roadsides and in open woods. Naturalized from Europe and frequent in many sections of the State. A double- flowered form is often seen. 17 Ranunculus pennsylvanicus L.f. Suppl. 272. 1781 Bristly buttercup or crowfoot R. canadensis Jacq. Ic. Rar. 1: pi. 165. 1786 R. hispidus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 395. 1814. Not Michx. 1803 R. trifolius Moench, Meth. Suppl. 70. 1794 In wet, open places. Common in most sections of the State. 18 Ranunculus repens L. Sp. PI. 554. 1753 Creeping or Clinton’s buttercup R. prostratus Poir. Encyc. Meth. 6: 113. 1804 R. tomcntosus Poir., l.c. 127 R. intermedins Eaton, Man. ed. 3, 424. 1822 R. Clintoni Beck, Bot. 9. 1833 In low wet places or moist woodlands, often along roadsides and in old meadows. Frequent across the State outside of the Adiron- dacks and the higher Catskills. A form with double flowers (forma pleniflorus Fernald), occurs in Genesee, Monroe, Herkimer and Albany counties, and doubtless elsewhere. According to Fernald (Rhodora 21: 169. 1919) the typical form has trailing or repent branches and stolons and is ap- pressed pubescent ; var. villosus LaMotte, has spreading pubescence ; var. glabratus DC. has stems and petioles glabrous or nearly so ; var. erectus DC. lacks the trailing or repent branches, and var. linearilobus DC. has narow, acuminate lobes to the leaves. 19 Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 6: 125. 1804 Swamp or marsh buttercup In swamps, marshes and low wet ground. Frequent or common across the State, chiefly outside of the higher Adirondacks, south¬ ward to northern Long Island. 20 Ranunculus sicaeformis Mackenzie & Bush, Torreya 6: 123 1906 With the appearance and habit of R. septentrionalis, but of a brighter green color. The early leaves have more rounded lobes and the summer foliage is cut into broader segments. Tbe stems are densely hir suite with white spreading hairs, especially toward the base and somewhat less so on the petioles. The leaves are quite markedly ap- 344 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM pressed pubescent on both surfaces, more densely so beneath; petals obovate, 8-12 mm. long and 6-10 mm. wide, achenes punctate and with a nearly straight, ascending tapering beak as long as the body. Newcomb, Essex county, H. D. House 8050, June 10, 1921 21 Ranunculus hispidus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 321. 1803 Hispid buttercup R. marilandicus Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 6: 126. 1804 R. repens var. marilandicus T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 21. 1838 In dry woods and thickets. Frequent or common from Rensselaer and Washington counties westward to Lake Ontario and southward. Apparently rare in the western part of the State. Fernald (Rhodora 22: 30. 1920) describes the northern forvm with appressed pubescent stems as var. falsus. If this distinction holds, only two collections in the state herbarium (Irondequoit bay, White, and Fishers, Ontario county, _House) , are typical of the species. However several specimens from the Hudson valley are difficult to place, some of them with pubescence of the petioles and base of the stems spreading, but upwards on the stems decidedly ap¬ pressed. Others gathered early are appressed pubescent, and speci¬ mens from the same colony gathered later for fruit, show more or less spreading pubescence, so that the variety is of doubtful distinct¬ ness. Ranunculus cardiopetalus Greene (Ottawa Nat. 16: 32. 1902), is the same as Fernald’s variety. 22 Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. Cat. 54. 1813 Early or tufted buttercup In woods and thickets and on banks. Frequent or common across the State south of the Adirondacks and south to the highlands of the Hudson. Not reported from Long Island and Staten Island nor from the lower Hudson valley. 23 Ranunculus parvulus L. Mant. 1 : 79. 1767 Hairy buttercup On ballast grounds and in waste soil. A rare adventive near New York City. Native of Europe. 24 Ranunculus parviflorus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 780. 1763 Small-flowered crowfoot Naturalized from Europe in the southern States and reported as a waif about New York City. 25 Ranunculus arvensis L. Sp. PI. 555. 1753 Corn crowfoot Native of Europe and reported as an adventive in waste places about New York City. ANNOTATED LIST OE ferns and flowering PLANTS 345 THALICTRUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 545- 1753 1 Thalictrum revolutum DC. Syst. i : 173. 1818 Waxy meadow rue T. purpurascens var. ceriferum Austin ; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 39. 1867 Rocky woodlands and on riverbanks. Locally distributed. Not common on Long Island and Staten Island, increasing north¬ ward but not known from the Catskills, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 330, 1915). Fishkill mountains and Narrowsburg, Peck. Oneida, Madison county, House. 2 Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Lall. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 8 : 72. 1842 Purplish or tall meadow rue T. purpurascens Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 388. 1814, and subsequent American authors. Not L. Common in the depressions of the sandy plains near Karner, Al¬ bany county, Peck, House. An outlying station for this southern species which ranges from New Jersey westward and southward. 3 Thalictrum venulosum Trelease, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 23: 302. 1886 Veiny meadow rue T. campestre Greene, Erythea 4: 123. 1896 T. confine Fernald, Rhodora 2: 232. 1900 In gravelly and rocky soil, especially along streams, and borders of lakes and ponds, chiefly in the northern part of the State. Rare. Port Henry, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54: 944. 1902, as T. occidcntale) . Rossie, St Lawrence county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 139: 37. 1910, as T. confine). 4 Thalictrum dioicum L. Sp. PI. 545. 1753 Early meadow rue T. laevigatum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 322. 1803 In woods, on rocky banks, and moist slopes. Common or frequent across the State north of the coastal plain of Long Island. Dr E. L. Greene (Ottawa Nat. 23: 37-40. 1909) describ-es varieties of this species occurring in Canada, one or two of which seem to be rep¬ resented in our flora. 5 Thalictrum canadense Miller, Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 5. 1768 Fall or late meadow rue T. confertum Moench, Meth. 297. 1794 T. polygamum (doubtfully Muhl. Cat. 54. 1813), Am. Auth. T. corynellum DC. Prodr. x: 12. 1824 T. Cornuti T. & G., FI. N. Am. 1: 38. 1838. Not L. T. pubescens Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 388. 1814 346 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In moist or wet meadows, open sunny swamps and along streams and shores of lakes and ponds. Common in most sections of the States. The species, as here considered is either quite variable or else con¬ sists of numerous subspecies or varieties, the distinctions of which can only be made clear by careful and extensive field observations. Var. hebecarpum (Fernald) comb. nov. T. polygamitm var. hebecarpum Fernald, Rhodora io: 49. 1908 T. zibellinum Greene, Ottawa Nat. 24: 30. 1910 (according to St. John, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 36: 75. 1921) T. leucocrinum Greene, l.c. 29 Described as having carpels villous and the lower surfaces of the leaflets pubescent. This is a common form of the species northward across the state, especially in the Adirondacks. Typical T. canadense possesses glabrous carpels, but often has leaflets pubescent beneath. Of the common representative of T. canadense Mill., south of the Canadian border, Dr E. L. Greene has proposed several segregates ( Leaflets 2 : 55-57. 1910) , viz : T. B i s s e 1 i i ; T. v i r i d e ; T. setulosum and T. M o r t o n i (from Ontario) . A study of a large series of specimens, in both flower and fruit, from the north¬ eastern states will probably show that none of these are of specific importance, or that at most the plant of the Appalachian region and that of the coastal region may be of subspecific rank. ADONIS (Dill.) L. Sp. PI. 547. 1753 Adonis annua L., l.c. Pheasant’s or bird's eye A. autumnalis L., Sp. PI. ed. 2, 771. 1763 Occasional in cultivation, and rarely spontaneous or persistent in old yards and gardens or in waste places. Native of Europe. As early as 1838, Torrey & Gray (FI. N. Am. 1: 15) mention a specimen in the Muhlenberg herbarium from “ Genesee Flatts ” and the species was considered as possibly indigenous. Recent records oi the species either as an escape or as an adventive are lacking, although reported several years ago on ballast on Staten Island. NIGELLA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 534. 1753 Nigella damascena L., l.c. Love-in-a-mist Native of the Old World and frequent in cultivation. Reported by Day (PI. Buffalo 14, 1883) as spontaneous in gardens and by Clinton (l.c. Day), as an escape. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 34 7 CLEMATIS L. Sp. PI. 543. 1753 Subgenus Flammula Clematis, §. Flammula DC. Syst. 1: 13 1 . 1818 Meclatis Spach, Hist. Veg. Phan. 7: 272. 1839 Sieboldia Hoffmgg. Preisv. Nachtr. 28. 1842 — Linnaea 16: Litt. 281. 1842 1 Clematis virginiana L. Amoen. 4: 275. 1759 Woodbine, virgin’s bower C. canadensis Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 5. 1768 C. virginica Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 384. 1814 C. fragrans Salisb. Prodr. 371. 1796 Clematitis cordifolia Moench, Meth. Suppl. 104. 1794 Clematis Purshii D. Dietr. Syn. PI. 3: 345 In woods and thickets. Common in most sections of the State, and in the Adirondacks locally to nearly 3000 feet altitude. Largely absent from the pine-barrens of Long Island. Subgenus V i o r n a Viorna Reichenb. ; Spach, Hist. Veg. Phan. 7: 268. 1839 2 Clematis ochroleuca Ait. Hort. Ivew. 2: 260. 1789 Erect silky leather flower C. scricca Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 319. 1803 Viorna ochroleuca Small, FI. SE. U. S. 439. 1903 In sandy copses and hilly woods on Staten Island. Rare. Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 182. 1865) reports this from “ sandy hilly woods westward of Crown Point, Essex county, G. T . Stevens ”. It is difficult to credit this report without further confirmation. Subgenus Atragene A t r a g e n e L. Sp. PI. 543- 1753 3 Clematis verticillaris DC. Syst. 1 : 166. 1818 Purple virgin’s bower Atragene amcricana Sims, Bot. Mag. pi. 887. 1806. Not Clematis amcricana Mill. 1768 C. hexagona Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 208, 504. 1818 In rocky woodlands and thickets. Infrequent or rare across the State from Washington and Warren counties, westward and south¬ ward to the Hudson highlands. Found chiefly on calcareous forma¬ tions and in the western part of the State rare and local. Helderberg mountains; Otsego county; Yates county and Little Falls, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 53. 1865). Bignose point, Montgomery county, and Unadilla Forks, Paine (l.c. 182). French mountain, Warren county, Burnham. Oakwood and Ouakenkill, Rensselaer county, Gordinier & Hoive (FI. Rensselaer Co. 5, 1894) Coxsackie, Greene county, Miss Bogardus. Fishkill mountains 348 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM (Torrey, FI. N. Y. i : 7. 1843). Copake Falls Burnham (Torreya 13: 219. 1913)- Fort Putnam, IV. W. Bailey (Torr. Club. Bui. 13: 60. 1886) Jamesville, Onondaga county, House. A few localities in Tompkins county, Dudley (Cayuga Flora 1. 1886). Broome, Tioga and Steuben counties, Clute, (FI. Upper Susquehanna I. 1898). Portage, Wyoming county, Mrs Moody & Miss Fish (Bui. Buffalo Nat. Field Club 1: 87. 1883). Family 31 PODOPHYLLACEAE DC. Prodr. 1: hi. 1824 BERBERIDACEAE Desv. FI. Anjou, 293. 1827 Mayapple or Barberry family BERBERIS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 330. 1753 Berberis vulgaris L., l.c. European barberry Native of Europe and Asia. Common in cultivation and common as an established plant in thickets, old fields and rocky woodlands, especially in the Hudson valley. CAULOPHYLLUM Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 205. 1803 Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. l.c. Blue cohosh Leontice thalictroides L. Sp. PI. 312. 1753 In woods and thickets. Common in most sections of the State. JEFFERSONIA B. S. Barton, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3: 342. 1793 Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers. Syn. 1: 418. 1805 Twin-leaf Podophyllum diphyllum L. Sp. PI. 505. 1753 /. binata B. S. Barton, l.c. J. Bartonis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 237. 1803 In woods, from Jefferson and Cayuga counties westward and southward. Rare. Near Dexter, Jefferson county, Vasey; Geneva, Sartzvell (Paine,. Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 58. 1865). Wayne, Monroe and Orleans counties (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 44. 1896; 5: 7. 1910; 5: 85. 1917). Dansville, Livingston county, T. F. Lucy (Torr. Club Bui. 10: 9. 1883). Niagara Falls, Clinton (Day, Cat. PI. Buffalo 16, 1883). Canandaigua, Mrs E. P. Gardner. Levanna, Wood’s Station and Aurora, Cayuga county, Dudley (Cayuga Flora 6, 1886). PODOPHYLLUM L. Sp. PI. 505. 1753 Podophyllum peltatum L., l.c. May apple, wild mandrake In low or rich open woods, or recent clearings, roadsides, etc. Fre¬ quent or common throughout most parts of the State. Not reported from Long Island. Rare on Staten Island. Rare and local in most ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 349 sections of the Adirondacks, and not reported from the extreme northern part of the State. Family 32 MENISPERMACEAE DC. Prodr. i : 95. 1824 Moonseed family MENISPERMUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 340. 1753 Menispermum canadense L., l.c. Moonseed M. angulatum Moench, Meth. 277. 1794 M. virginicum L. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 824. 1805 In woods and thickets, especially along streams. Frequent across the State. Rare or local on Long Island and Staten Island. Not reported from Delaware county, but common in Chenango county and from Broome county westward. Not reported from Essex county, and apparently absent from most sections of the Adirondack region. Family 33 CASSYTHACEAE Dumort. Anal. Fam. 16. 1829 LAURACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 200. 1836 Laurel family SASSAFRAS Trew, Herb. Blackwell III. t 267. 1754 Sassafras Sassafras (L.) Karst. Deutsch. FI. 505. 1880-83 Sassafras or ague tree Laurus Sassafras L. Sp. PI. 371. 1753 L. variifolium Salisb. Prodr. 344. 1796 5". officinale Nees & Eberm. Handb. Med.-Pharm. Bot. 2: 418. 1831. Not Siebold, 1830 S. variifolium Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 574. 1891 In dry or sandy soil. Locally common across the State outside of the Adirondack region. Absent from the higher Catskills and from most of the hills and limestone region from southern Albany county westward through southern Herkimer, Oneida and Madison counties. Extending locally northward to Warren and Lewis counties. Very common in the sandy plains between Albany and Schenectady, east and north of Oneida lake and throughout the Ontario lowlands from Jefferson county to Niagara county. Very common on Long Island and Staten Island. The smoothish or glabrate form is discussed by Fernald (Rhodora 15: 14-18. 1913), under the name of Sassafras variifolium var. albidum (Nutt.) Fernald. The so-called white and red sassafras have long been recognized by certain authors. Nuttall called the white sassafras, Laurus albida (Gen. 1 : 239. 1818), restricting the name Laurus Sassafras to the “ red sassafras ”, which is also named 35° NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM by Rafinesque, Sassafras rubrum (Sylva Tellur. 134). The dis¬ tinction between the two forms seems to be scarcely of varietal rank. BENZOIN Fabric. Enum. PI. Hort. Helmst. 1763 Benzoin aestivale (L.) Nees, Syst. Laur. 495. 1836 Spice bush, Benjamn bush Lauras aestivalis L. Sp. PI. 370. 1753 L. Benzoin L., l.c. Lindcra Benzoin Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd. 1: 324. 1857 Laurus pseudo-benzoin Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 243. 1803 Benzoin Benzoin Coulter, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 164. 1894 In moist woods, wooded swamps, along streams and in wet or moist clearings. Frequent or common across the State from Lake Champlain and Lake George to Lewis and Jefferson counties, west¬ ward to Lake Erie and southward, except in the pine-barrens of Long Island. Family 34 PAPAVERACEAE B. Juss. Hort. Trian. 1759 Poppy family PAPAVER L. Sp. PI. 506. 1753 1 Papaver somniferum L., l.c. Opium or garden poppy Widely cultivated in Europe and Asia. Frequent in cultivation in New York, in various forms and varieties, and often persistent, or occasional as an escape in waste grounds and on ballast. 2 Papaver Rhoeas L., l.c. 507 Field, red or corn poppy Occasional in waste places and on ballast. Fugitive or adventive from Europe. 3 Papaver dubium L., Sp. FI. 1196. 1753 Long smooth-fruited poppy In waste and cultivated grounds and in ballast about seaports. Infrequent or rare. Adventive from Europe. 4 Papaver Argemone L., l.c. 506 Pale or long rough-fruited poppy Rare as a waif on ballast. Native of southern Europe. ARGEMONE L. Sp. PI. 508. 1753 1 Argemone mexicana L., l.c. Mexican prickly or thorn poppy Native of tropical America and a common weed in the warmer ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 35* parts of America. Adventive northward in waste places and on ballast about seaports. Reported from Staten Island, about New York City, Auburn and Rochester. 2 Argemone alba Lestib. Bot. Belg. ed. 2, 32: 132. 1799 White prickly poppy Native of the southern states. Sometimes cultivated for ornament and occasionally spontaneous in old gardens and waste ground in southern and eastern New York. ESCHSCHOLTZIA Cham, in Nees, Hor. Phys. Berol. 73. t. 15. 1820 Eschscholtzia californica Cham., l.c. 74 Adventive at Rochester. (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167: 26. 1913). SANGUINARIA (Dill.) L. Sp. PI. 505. 1753 Sanguinaria canadensis L., l.c. Bloodroot, puccoon root .S'. acanlis Moench. Meth. 2 27. 1794 S. vernalis Salisb. Prodr. 377. 1796 S. Dilleniana Greene, Pittonia 5: 307. 1905 In rich woods, usually in alluvial soil. Frequent or common across the State, but absent from most of the Adirondack region and from the coastal plain and the pine-barrens of Long Island. GLAUCIUM Mill. Gard. Diet. Abr. ed. 4. 1754 Mosenthinia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 16. 1891 Glaucium Glaucium (L.) Karst. Deutsch. FI. 649. 1880-83 Yellow horned poppy, sea poppy Chelidonium Glaucium L. Sp. PI. 506. 1753 G. flavurn Crantz, Stirp. Aust. 2: 131. 1763 G. luteum Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, 1 : 369. 1772 M. Glaucium Kuntze, l.c. Native of southern and middle Europe. Adventive on Long Island and near Syracuse. (32d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 24. 1880; 52d Rep’t, 651. 1899). CHELIDONIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 505. 1753 Chelidonium majus L., l.c. Celandine In waste places, roadsides and sometimes in woods. Naturalized or adventive from Europe and rather frequent throughout the State outside of the higher mountainous sections, and especially in and near towns and cities. 352 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Family 35 FUMARIACEAE DC. Syst. 2: 104. 1821 Fumewort or fumitory family CAPNORCHIS (Boerh.) Mill. Card. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 Bicuculla Adans. Fam. PI. 2: App. 23. 1763 (Bikukulla) D i c 1 y t r a Borck. ; Roem. Arch. 1 : 46. 1797 Cucularia Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 352. 1808 Di centra Bernh. Linnaea 8: 468. 1833 1 Capnorchis Cucullaria (L.) Planch. FI. des Serres I. 8: 193. 1852 Dutchman’s breeches Fumaria Cucullaria L. Sp. PI. 699. 1753 Cucularia bulbosa Raf., l.c. Dicentra Cucullaria Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 45. 1843 Bicuculla Cucullaria Millsp. Bui. W. Va. Agr. Exp. Sta. 2: 327. 1892 Cucullaria Cucullaria Farwell, Rep’t. Mich. Acad. Sci. 2: 48. 1901 In rich soil in woods. Common across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks and north of the coastal plain. 2 Capnorchis canadensis (Goldie) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 15. 1891 Squirrel corn, turkey corn Corydalis canadensis Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 6: 329. 1822 Dicentra canadensis Walp. Rep. 1: 118. 1842 Bicuculla canadensis Millsp., l.c. In rich soil in woods. Common or frequent northward across the State and westward to Lake Erie. Rare in the lower Hudson valley but frequent in the Catskill region and uncommon or local in the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. 3 Capnorchis eximia (Ker.) Planch., l.c. Wild bleeding hearts Fumaria eximia Ker. Bot. Reg. 1: pi. 50. 1815 Corydalis formosa Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 464. 1814 Dicentra eximia Torrey, l.c. 46 Bicuculla eximia Millsp., l.c. Very rare in central and western New York. Yates county, Sartwell (Torrey, l.c.) ; Clinton (19th Rep’t Regents 77. 1866) cites a letter from Sartwell to Professor Pickett, stating “ about 20 years ago I found it in Wayne county, not far from Lyons and David Thomas found it at Scipio, Cayuga county about the same time or before.” Dudley (Cayuga Flora 8, 1886) gives the locality as Junius, Seneca county. Not recently collected in this State. ADLIJMIA Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 352. 1808 Adlumia fungosa (Ait.) Greene; B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 3. 1888 Alleghany vine, mountain fringe ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 353 Fumaria fungosa Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 1. 1789 Adlumia cirrhosa Raf., l.c. Fumaria recta Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 51. 1803 In moist woods and thickets or on rocky banks. Infrequent or local across the State from Lake Champlain to St Lawrence county, outside of the Adirondacks, westward and southward. North to Lake Champlain ( Torrey ). Haynes Falls, Lighthipe (Torr. Club Bui. 19: 349. 1892). Cornwall, Merrill (Torr. Club Bui. 13: 6. 1886). Crow’s Nest, W. W. Bailey (Torr. Club Bui. 13: 60. 1886). Very rare on north shore of Long Island, unknown on Staten Island, rare in Westchester county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 1915). Wilton and Greenfield, Saratoga county, Phelps. Helderberg mountains, Pearson; Otsego county, Miss Cooper; H. Lathrop ; B. D. Gilbert; Junius, Sartwell; Greece and Parma, Monroe county, Bradley (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 59. 1865). Watkins, Schuyler county, Dudley (Cayuga Flora 8. 1886). Shores of Lake Ontario, Beckwith; Sandy Creek, Baxter; Mumford, Haynes; Hamlin, Lennon (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 45. 1896; 5: 85. 1917). Oneida, Madison county, House. Jamesville, Onondaga county, House. Hammond, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. CAPNOIDES (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 Neckeria Scop. Introd. 313. 1777 Corydalis Medic. Phil. Bot. 96. 1789 1 Capnoides sempervirens (L.) Borck. in Roem. Arch, i2: 44. 1797 Pink or pale corydalis Fumaria sempervirens L. Sp. PI. 700. 1753 Corydalis sempervirens Pers. Syn. 2: 269. 1807 Corydalis glauca Pursh. FI. Am. Sept. 463. 1814 Neckeria sempervirens Neck. Elem. 3: 60. 1790 In rocky places or recently cleared ground. Common across the northern part of the State and southward throughout the Hudson valley, the Catskill mountain region and the Mohawk valley. Less frequent or rare westward to Lake Erie. Not reported from either Long Island or Staten Island. 2 Capnoides flavulum (Raf.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 14. 1891 Pale or yellow corydalis Corydalis flavula Raf.; DC. Prodr. 1: 129. 1824 Neckeria flavula Millsp. Bui. W. Va. Agric. Exp. Sta. 2: 327. 1892 In rocky woods. Infrequent or rare in the lower Hudson valley westward to Onondaga county and Ontario in Canada. Ulster, Dutchess, Orange, Rockland, Putnam and Westchester counties and on Manhasset neck, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 335. 1915). Onondaga county, Underwood (45th Rep’t 12 354 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM N. Y. State Mus. 25. 1893). Lime Rock, Genesee county, Beck¬ with (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 45. 1896). 3 Capnoides aureum (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 14. 1891 Golden corydalis Corydalis aurca Willd. Enum. 740. 1806 Ncckeria aurca Millsp., l.c. In woods and on rocky banks. Infrequent or rare across the State from Saratoga and Dutchess county to Lewis, Jefferson, Oneida and Tompkins counties, and perhaps of wider distribution. Stissing mountain, Dutchess county, Hoysradt (Torr. Club Bui. 5: 47. 1874. Saratoga lake, Phelps. Lucifer falls, Tompkins county, Dudley , (Cayuga Flora 9, 1886). Denmark, Lewis county, Hough (Cat. PI. Lewis Co. 3. 1846). North side of Black river between Watertown and Brownville, and near Oriskany, Oneida county, Paine (Cat. 59. 1865). FUMARIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 699. 1753 Fumaria officinalis L., l.c. 700. Fumitory, hedge fumitory In waste places and on ballast and occasionally as an escape from cultivation. Native of Europe. Fumaria parviflora Lam., and F. capreolata L., have been re¬ ported as ballast plants near New York City. Family 36 BRASSICACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 58. 1836 (Cruciferae B. Juss. Hort. Trian. 1759) Mustard family DRABA (Dill.) L. Sp. PI. 642. 1753 Section E r o p h i 1 a Koch Gansblum Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 420. 1763 F. r o p h i 1 a DC. Syst. 2: 356. 1821 1 Draba verna L., l.c. Whitlow grass D. verna var. anicricana Pers. Syn. 2 : igo. 1805 Erophila vulgaris DC., l.c. E. anicricana DC. Prodr. 1: 173. 1824 E. verna E. Mey. Gartenfl. Deutsch. ed. 4, 35 In sandy waste places and roadsides. Frequent in southern New York. Occasional or local, elsewhere. Naturalized from Europe. Section D r a b e 1 1 a DC. 2 Draba caroliniana Walt. FI. Car. 174. 1788 Carolina whitlow grass ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 355 D. hispidula Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 28. 1803 Arabis rotundifolia Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 43. 1817 Tomostima caroliniana Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 4: 32. 1915 In sandy and waste fields. Rare on Long Island, Staten Island and in Westchester county, but not recently collected (Taylor). Section D r a b a e a Lindbl. 3 Draba arabisans Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 28. 1803 Rockcress whitlow grass D. Arabis Pers. Syn. 2: 190. 1805 D. glabella Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 434. 1814 D. Henneana Schlecht. Linnaea 10: ico. 1836 D. canadensis Brunet, PI. Canad. 21. 1867 D. incana var. arabisans S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 260. 1888 D. incana var. glabriuscula A. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 223. 1835 On rocky, usually calcareous banks. Rare in the northern and western portions of the State. Wallface mountain, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54: 957. 1902) Indian Pass, Peck (Bui. 28: 78. 1899). Borders of small lakes in northern part of State, St Lawrence county, Gray ; Black river, Jef¬ ferson county, Vasey; Sackett’s Harbor, Kneiskern (Paine, Cat. 61. 1865). Esty glen and shore of Cayuga lake, Dudley (Cayuga FI. & 36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 36. 1884). Akron, Erie county, Day & Clinton (19th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 204. 1866). BERTEROA DC. Mem. Mus. Paris 7: 232. 1821 Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Syst. 2: 291. 1821 Hoary alyssum Alyssum incanum L. Sp. PI. 650. 1753 Farsetia incana R. Br„ Ait. f. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 4: 97. 1812 In waste places. Frequent or local about towns and cities. Naturalized from Europe. KONIGA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 420. iy63 (as Konig, and latinized by R. Brown, in 1826) Lobular ia Desv. Jour. Bot. 3: 192. 1813 Glyce Lindl. Syn. Brit. FI. 26. 1829 Koniga maritima (L.) R. Br. in Denh. & Clapp, Narr. Exp. Afric. 214. 1826 Sweet alyssum, seaside koniga Clypeola maritima L. Sp. PI. 652. 1753 Lobularia maritima Desv., l.c. Alyssum maritimum Lam. Encycl. 1: 98. 1783 Glyce maritima Lindl., l.c. In waste places, usually escaped from gardens. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. Not common. 356 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ALYSSUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 650. 1753 Alyssum alyssoides L. Syst. ed. 10, 1130. 1759 Yellow or small alyssum Clypeola alyssoides L. Sp. PI. 652. 1753 A. calycinum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 908. 1763 In fields and waste ground and on ballast. Reported from Ithaca, from several localities in Monroe county and about New York City. Probably of wider distribution in the State. Naturalized from Europe. CAMELINA Crantz, Stirp. Austr. 1 : 18. 1762 1 Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz., l.c. Gold-of-pleasure, false or dutch flax Myagrum sativum L. Sp. PI. 641. 1753 In fields, especially where flax has been grown, and in waste places. Frequent or common. Naturalized from Europe, where it is cultivated for the oil obtained from its seeds. 2 Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ; DC. Syst. 2: 517. 1821 Small-fruited false flax C. sylvestris Wallr. Sched. Crit. 347. 1822 In waste places. Infrequent about the larger cities and towns across the State. Several recent collections seem to indicate that it is of recent introduction and increasing rapidly. BURSA (Siegesb.) Weber in Wigg. Prim. FI. Holst. 47. 1780 C a p s e 1 1 a Medic. Pfl. Gatt. 1 : 85. 1792 Bursa Bursa-pastoris (L.) Britton, Torr, Club Mem. 5: 172. 1894 Shepherd’s purse Thlaspi Bursa-pastoris L. Sp. PI. 647. 1753 Bursa pastoris Weber, l.c. Capsclla Bursa-pastoris Medic., l.c. In fields, cultivated ground and waste places. Very common. Naturalized from Europe. NESLIA Desv. Jour. Bot. 3: 162. 1814 Sphaerocarpus Heist. ; Fabr. Enum. PI. Hort. Helmst. 1763. Not Adans. 1763 Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv., l.c. Myagrium pauiculatum L. Sp. PI. 641. 1753 Ball mustard ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 357 In waste places and on ballast. Infrequent or rare. Adventive from Europe. Reported on ballast about New York City and in waste places near Rochester. RAPISTRUM (Tourn.) Medic. Phil. Bot. 1: 190. 1789 Schrankia Medic. Pflanzeng. 42. 1792 Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. FI. Pedem. i: 257. 1785 Myagrum rugosum L. Sp. PI. 640. 1753 Schrankia rugosa Medic., l.c. 44 Native of Europe. An occasional ballast plant about New York City and on Staten Island. RADICULA Hill, Brit. Herb. 256. 1756 Roripa Scop. FI. Carn. 520. 1760 Brachiolobus All. FI. Pedem. 1 : 278. 1785 Nasturtium R. Br. ; Ait. Flort. Kew. ed. 2, 4: 109. 1812 i Radicula sylvestris (L.) Druce, List Br. PI. 4. 1908 Creeping yellow water cress Sisymbrium sylvestre L. Sp. PI. 657. 1753 Radicula pinnata Moench, Meth. 263. 1794 Nasturtium sylvestre R. Br., l.c. no Roripa sylvestris Bess. Enum. 27. 1821 In wet or swampy grounds and waste places. Frequent in most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Radicula palustris (L.) Moench, Metch. 263. 1794 Marsh or yellow water cress Sisymbrium amphibium var. palustrc L. Sp. PI. 657. 1753 Nasturtium terrestre R. Br. l.c. no N. palustre DC. Syst. 2: 191. 1821 Roripa palustris Bess., l.c. In wet places. Frequent or common across the State outside of the Adirondacks. Naturalized from Europe, but said to be native westward. 3 Radicula hispida (Desv.) Britton, Torreya 6: 30. 1906 Hispid yellow cress Brachylobus hispidus Desv. Jour. Bot. 3: 183. 1814 Nasturtium hispidum DC. Syst. 2 : 201. 1821 N. palustre var. hispidum A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 30. 1856 Roripa hispida Britton, Torr. Club. Mem. 5: 169. 1894 Radicula palustris var. hispida Robinson, Rhodora 10: 32. 1908 In wet places. Frequent across the State, especially southward, but rarely reported northward, and infrequent in the western part of the State. 35§ NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 4 Raclicula austriaca (Crantz), Small, Torreya 23: 23. 1923 Nasturtium austriacum Crantz, Stirp. Austr. 15. 1762 Roripa austriaca Spach, Hist. Veg. Phan. 6: 513. 1838 Native of central Europe, and reported as naturalized at New Milford, Orange county, A. H. Hansen (Torreya 22: 73. 1922). SISYMBRIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 657. 1753 Sisymbrium Nasturtium-aquaticum L., l.c. True water cress Nasturtium aquaticum R. Br. ; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 4: no. 1812 Roripa nasturtium Rusby, Torr. Club. Mem. 3s: 5. 1893 Raclicula nasturtium-aquaticum Britten & Rendle, Br. Seed PI. 3. 1907 In brooks, streams and ditches. Common in most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. ARMQRACIA Gaertner, Meyer & Scherbins, FI. Wetteran 2: 426. 1800 Armoracia Armoracia (L.) Cockerell, Univ. Mo. Stud. (Sci. Ser.) 2~ : 130. 1911 Horse-radish Cochlearia Armoracia L. Sp. 648. 1753 Nasturtium Armoracia Fries; A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 31. 1856 A. rustic ana Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb., l.c. Roripa Armoracia Hitchc. Spring FI. Manhattan 18. 1894 Raclicula Armoracia Robinson, Rhodora 10: 32. 1908 Escaped from gardens into moist ground, especially along streams. Native of Europe. NEOBECKIA G reene, Pittonia 3: 95. 1896 Neobeckia aquatica (Eaton) Greene, l.c. Lake water cress, river cress Cochlearia aquatica Eaton, Man. ed. 5, 1 81 . 1829 Nasturtium natans var. americanum A. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 223. 1836 N. lacusire A. Gray, Gen. PI. U. S. 1: 132. 1849 Roripa americana Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 169. 1894 Radicula aquatica Robinson, Rhodora 10: 32. 1908 In lakes, ponds and slow streams, northern, central and western parts of the State. Infrequent or rare. Discovered at Oneida lake by Gray in 1831 (Rhodora 7: 142. 1905). St Lawrence river near Ogdensburg, Crawe; Shore of Oneida creek near its mouth, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 60. 1865). Lake Pleasant and Champion, Lewis county, Hough. Common in bays and inlets of Lake Ontario and at Sodus bay, Killip (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 46. 1896; 5: 86. 1917). Canton, St Lawrence county, Phelps. Black creek, Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Peck (40th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 72. 1887). Inlet of Owasco lake, Peck (45th Rep’t 26. 1893). Buffalo, Clinton (19th Rep’t Regents 204. 1866). Oswego, C. S. Sheldon. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 359 LEPIDIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 643. 1753 1 Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. in Ait. f. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 4: 88. 1812 Field, cow or bastard cress Thlaspi campestre L. Sp. PI. 646. 1753 In fields and waste places. Frequent or common in many sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Lepidium Draba L. Sp. PI. 645. 1753 Floary cress Cardaria Draba Desv. Tour. Bot. 3: 163. 1813 In waste ground. Reported as adventive at Astoria and at Syracuse (Eaton in Gray, Add. Bot. No. U. S. xc. 1863). Native of Europe. 3 Lepidium ruderale L. Sp. PI. 645. 1753 Roadside or narrow-leaved pepper grass In waste places, on ballast and along railroads and roadsides. Rare or locally frequent about some of the larger cities and towns. Naturalized or adventive from Europe. 4 Lepidium virginicum L., l.c. Wild pepper grass In fields and along roadsides, often in waste places. Common in most sections of the State, outside of the higher mountains. 5 Lepidium neglectu.m Thellung, Bui. Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 708. 1904 Frequent or occasional in the southeastern part of the State, usually with L. dcnsiflonan, which it closely resembles, and of which it is probably only a race. 6 Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. Ind. Sem. Goett. 4. 1835 Wild p-epper grass L. intermedium A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 1856. Not A. Rich. 1847 L. apctalum Robinson, in A. Gray. Syn. FI. i1: 127. 1895. Not Willd. L. ramosissimum A. Nels. Torr. Club Bui. 26: 124. 1899 L. medium Greene, of N. Y. Reports In dry soil, often in waste places. Frequent or common across the State south of the Adirondack region. Naturalized from Europe. 7 Lepidium sativum L., l.c. 644 Garden, town or golden pepper grass Occasional in waste places, especially about cities and towns, usually as an escape from gardens. Native of Europe. 360 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 8 Lepidium perfoliatum L., l.c. 643 Perfoliate pepper grass Native of Europe. Naturalized or adventive along railroad tracks at Pittsford, Monroe county (Boughton) . CARARA Medic. Pflanzeng. 1: 34. 1792 Coronopus Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 2: 293. 1791. Not Mill. 1754 1 Carara didyma (L.) Britton, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 2: 167. 1913 Lesser wart grass Lepidium didymum L. Mant. 92. 1767 Scncbierci didyma Pers. Syn. 2: 185. 1807 Coronopus didymus J. E. Smith, FI. Brit. 3: 691. 1800 In waste places and on ballast about New York City. Adventive from the warmer parts of the Old World. • wo **?*.■* m'** 'r *■.*'*” 2 Carara Coronopus (L.) Medic., l.c. 35 Wart or swine’s cress, wartwort Cochlcaria Coronopus L. Sp. PI. 648. 175.3 Scnebiera Coronopus Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 7: 76. 1806 Coronopus Coronopus Karst. Deutsch. FI. 673. 1880-83 In waste places and on ballast, chiefly about New York City. Also in Chenango county, Covillc (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167: 25. 1913). Adventive from Europe. THLASPI (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 645. 1753 1 Thlaspi arvense L. Sp. PI. 646. 1753 Field pennycress In waste places and on ballast. Infrequent or rare. Adventive or sparingly naturalized from Europe. 2 Thlaspi perfoliatum L. Sp. PI. 646. 1753 Perfoliate pennycress Native of Europe. Adventive at Geneva, F. C. Stczvart (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 150: 39. 1911). ALLIARIA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 418. 1763 Sisymbrion St. Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon. 7: 113, 135. 1880 Alliaria Alliaria (L. ) Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 167. 1894 Hedge garlic, garlic mustard Erysimum Alliaria L. Sp. PI. 660. 1753 E. alliaceum Salisb. Prodr. 270. 1796 Sisymbrium Alliaria Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, 2: 26. 1772 Alliaria officinalis Andrz, in Bieb. FI. Taur.-Cauc. 3: 445.. 1819- DC. Syst. 2 : 489. 1821 A. Fuchsii, and A. Matliioli Rupr. FI. Cauc. 85. 1869 A. alliacea Britten & Rendle, Jour. Bot. 45: 100. 1907 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 36 1 In waste places, woods and along roadsides and railroads. Be¬ coming frequent or common in some sections of the State. Natural¬ ized from Europe. SOPHIA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 417. 1763 Descurainia Webb. & Barth. Phyt. Can. 1: 71. 1836 1 Sophia Sophia (L.) Britton, in B. & B. Illus. FI. 2: 144. 1897 Flixweed, herb sophia Sisymbrium Sophia L. Sp. PI. 659. 1753 Sisymbrium parviflorum Lam. FI. Fr. 2: 510. 1778 Sophia parviflora Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 347. 1921 Sophia multifida Gilib. Exercit. 1: 243. 1793 In waste places about towns and cities. Infrequent. Naturalized or adventive from Europe. 2 Sophia brachycarpa (Richards.) Rydb. ; Britton, Man. 462. 1901 Northern tansy mustard Sisymbrium brachycarpon Richards, in Frankl. 1st Jour. App. ed. 1, 744. 1823 S. cancscens var. brachycarpon Wats. Bibl. Ind. 69. 1878 S. canescens and Sophia canesccns of N. Y. Reports Sophia pinnata var. brachycarpa Farwell, Rep't Mich. Acad. Sci. 2: 49. 1901 In dry soil, usually in open rocky woods or on cliffs and ledges. A species of the northwest extending southward into New York to Tompkins county and Lake Champlain. Watkins, Prentiss (Torr. Club Bui. 4: 15. 1873) ; Dudley (36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 35. 1884) ; Lucifer falls, Tompkins county J. W. Chickening (Gray’s Manual, ed. 6). Westport, C. G. Pringle (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 272. i878). Garden island, Lake Champlain, Braincrd. Crown Point, Eggleston, Peck. CHEIRINIA Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 2: 170. 1820 1 Cheirinia cheiranthoides (L. ) Link, l.c. Wormseed or treacle mustard Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Sp. PI. 661. 1753 Banks of streams and in sterile soil in open places. Native but appearing adventive. Frequent or common in most sections of the State outside of the higher Adirondacks. 2 Cheirinia inconspicua (S. Wats.) Britton, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 2: 172. 1913 Small-flowered prairie-rocket Erysimum parviflorum Nutt.; T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 95. 1838. Not Pers. E. asperum var. inconspicum S. Wats. Bot. King Exp. 24. 1871 E. syrticolum Sheldon, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 285. 1893 362 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In dry soil. Rare in western New York where probably adventive from Ontario and the West. 3 Cheirinia repanda (L.) Link, l.c. 171. Repand cheirinia Erysimum rcpandum L. Amoen. Acad. 3: 415 Occasional as a waif on ballast near New York. Native of Europe. ERYSIMUM (Toufn.) L. Sp. PI. 660. 1753 Chamaeplium Wallr. Sched. Crit. 1 : 376. 1822 Sisymbrium § Velarum DC. Syst. 2 : 459. 1821 Erysimum officinale L., l.c. Hedge mustard Sisymbrium officinale Scop. FI. Carn. Ed. 2, 2: 26. 1772 Chamaeplium officinale Wallr., l.c. 377 In waste places. Common throughout the State. Naturalized from Europe. NORTA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 47. 1763 1 Norta altissima (L.) Britton, in B. & B., Illus. FI. ed. 2, 2: 174. 1913 Tall sisymbrium Sisymbrium altissimum L. Sp. PI. 659. 1753 A. sinapistrum Crantz, Stirp. Austr. ed. 2, 52. 1769 In waste places and cultivated ground. Common in most sections of the State especially about cities and towns and along railroads. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Norta Irio (L.) Britton, l.c. Sisymbrium Irio L., Sp. PI. 659. 1753 Occasional as a weed on ballast near New York. Native of Europe. CONRINGIA (Heist.) Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 418. 1763 Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. FI. Belg. 123. 1827 Hare’s ear, treacle mustard Brassica orientalis L. Sp. PI. 666. 1753 Erysimum perfoliatum Crantz, Stirp. Austr. 1 : 27. 1762 Brassica perfoliata Lam. Encycl. 1: 748. 1785 Erysimum oricntale R. Br. ; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 4: 117. 1812 C. perfoliata Link, Enum. 2: 172. 1822 In waste places, occasional or locally common about cities and towns and along railroads. Naturalized from Europe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 363 HESPERIS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 663. 1753 Hesperis matronalis L., l.c. Dame’s rocket, dame’s violet In fields and along roadsides, sometimes in waste places. Escaped from cultivation. Native of Europe and Asia. ARAEIDIOPSIS (DC.) Schur. Enum. PI. Trans. 55. 1866 Pilo sella (Thai) Kostel. Enum. Hort. Prag. 104, Hyponym. 1844 Stenophragma Celak, Flora 55 : 438. 1872 Arabidiopsis Thaliana (L.) Britton, in B. &. B. Ulus. FI. ed. 2 : 176. 1913 Mouse-ear or thale cress Arabis Thaliana L. Sp. PI. 665. 1753 Sisymbrium Thalianum Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. 7: 399. 1826 Stenophragma Thaliana Celak. Oester. Bot. Zeitsch. 27: 177. 1877 In old fields and rocky places. Infrequent or locally abundant across the state, chiefly southward. Naturalized from Europe. CAMPE Dulac, FI. Hautes-Pyr. 199. 1867 Barbarea R. Br. ; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 4: 109. 1812. Not Scop. 1760 1 Campe Barbarea (L.) Wight, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1 1 : 303. 1906 Yellow rocket or bitter cress Erysimum Barbarea L. Sp. PI. 660. 1753 B. vulgaris R. Br., l.c. Arabis parviflora Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 43. 1817 E. lyratum Gilib. FI. Lith. 2: 59. 1782 B. Barbarea MacM. Met. Minn. 259. 1892 Campe vulgaris Dulac., l.c. B. lyrata Ascherson, FI. Brand. 1 : 35. 1864 In fields and waste places. Frequent or common in most sections of the State. Northward in moist open places, and on shores of ponds and lakes and appearing indigenous. Regarded southward in the State as being naturalized from Europe. Var. hirsuta (Weihe.) comb. nov. Barbarea hirsuta Weihe, Flora 13: 257. 1830 Barbarea vulgaris var. hirsuta Fernald, Rhodora 11: 139. 1909 Reported as adventive in Maine, and to be looked for in northern New York. 2 Campe stricta (Andrzejowski) Wight, l.c. Erect-fruited winter grass B. stricta Andrzejowski, in Bess. Enum. PI. Volh. 72. 1822 B. vulgaris var. stricta A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 35. 1856 In fields and waste places. Regarded by some authorities as naturalized from Europe, by others as indigenous northward and westward. 364 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM This is the Barbarea stricta Bor. FI. Centre de la Fr. 2 : 48. 1840, of Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 2 : 177. 1915, and the var. s t ri c t a of Gray’s Manual ed. 2, 35. 1856. Bicknell (Torr. Club Bui. 37 : 68. 1910) , regards it as the same as the B. stricta of Andrzejowski, but Fernald (Rhodora 11: 135, 136. 1909) does not so consider it. Bicknell (l.c.) distinguishes a closely related form occurring in the eastern and southern part of the State as being naturalized from Europe, and designates it as Campe rivularis (Martr.) Heller (Cat. ed. 3. 138. 1912), Barbarea rivularis Martr. PI. Crit. du Tarn. 1: 9. 1862). Fernald (l.c. 139) calls this form Barbarea vulgaris var. longisiliquosa Carion. Var. taurica (DC.) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 60. 1923. Barbarea taurica DC. Syst. 2: 20 7. 1821 B. arcuata Reichenb. Flora 5: 296. 1822 B. vulgaris var. arcuata Fries, Novit. FI. Suec. 205. 1828 A variety, or perhaps little more than a form with arcuate-ascend¬ ing pods, occasional in this State, and which is apparently naturalized or adventive from Europe. 3 Campe verna (Mill.) Helkr, Cat, ed 3, 138. 1912 Early winter Belle Isle or land cress Erysimum vernum Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 3, 1768 E. praecox J. E. Smith, FI. Brit. 2: 707. 1800 B. praecox R. Br., l.c. B. verna Ascherson, l.c. 36 C. praecox Dulac., l.c. In waste places Occasional in cultivation, and rare as an escape or adventive in southern and eastern New York and a few other widely scattered localities across the State. Native of Europe. Campe orthoceras (Ledeb) Heller, l.c. A species closely related to C . verna, native of the subarctic and boreal regions, ranging southward to Lake Huron, New Hampshire and Maine, which may be looked for on the higher Adirondack's. ARABIS L. Sp. PI. 664. 1753 Erysimum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 27, 931. 1891 Section Sisymbrina Wats Shortia Raf. Aut. Bot. 16. 1840 1 Arabis lyrata L., l.c. 665 Lyre-leaved rock cress Cardaminc spathutata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 29. 1803 In rocky or stony places, sometimes in sandy soil. Locally abundant or common across the northern part of the State outside of the ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 365 higher Adirondacks, and from Lake Champlain southward to Putnam county and the southern Catskills, westward to the lake region of central and western New York chiefly on calcareous rock. Rare and local in western New York. 2 Arabis dentata T. & G. FI. N. Am. i : 80. 1838 Toothed rock cress Sisymbrium dentatum Torr. in Short, PI. Kentcky, 3d Suppl. 338. 1834 Shortia dentata Raf. Autik. Bot. 17. 1836 Near Utica, Gray (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 54. 1843) and reported as rare in western New York. 3 Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. Verz. Syst Erf. 195. 1800 Tower mustard or cress Turritis glabra L. Sp. PI. 666. 1753 Arabis perfoliata Lam. Encycl. 1: 219. 1783 T. macrocarpa Nutt, in T. & G., FI. N. Am. 1: 78. 1838 In fields and rocky places. Occasional or frequent. Usually ap¬ pearing as a weed and as though introduced. Widely distributed across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks. Section Turritis (Dill.) Gaudin. Turritis (Dill.) L. Sp. PI. 666. 1753 4 Arabis Drummondii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 187. 1866 Drummond’s rock cress A. laevigata Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 43. 1829. Not Poir. A. confinis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 32: 466. 1887 T. stricta Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Jour. 350. 1829. Not Arabis stricla Huds. On cliffs and in rocky woods. Northern and western sections of the State. Infrequent. Dexter and Watertown, Jefferson county, Wood, Crawe; Chenango county, J. S. Douglas, and near Flumaston’s, Oneida county, Paine (Cat. 61. 1865). Lewiston, Niagara county, Clinton (19th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 204. 1866). Brownville, Jefferson county^ Peck. Lake Bonaparte, Lewis county; Lansingburg, Rensselaer county. Peck. LeRoy, Genesee county and Canandaigua lake, Hill, Gardner (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 7, 85. 1910-17). Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Frequent in Tompkins county, Dudley (Cayuga FI. 11. 1886). 5 Arabis brachycarpa (T. & G.) Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 174 1894 Purple rock cress Turritis brachycarpa T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 79. 1838 In sandy or rocky soil. Rare in northern and western New York. 366 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Warrensburg and Port Henry, Peck. Fall creek, F. C. Curtice. Burdick’s glen, Cayuga county, Dudley. Sect. Euarabis Wats. (Arabis proper) 6 Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, 2: 30. 1772 Hairy rock cress Turritis hirsuta L. Sp. PI. 666. 175.3 T. oblongata Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 44. 1817 A. ovata Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 5: 557. 1817 In rocky or sandy places across the State. Infrequent. Limestone regions of Columbia and Dutchess counties and at Riverdale, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 347. 1915)- Helderberg moun¬ tains, Peck. Watertown, Paine. Brownville, Jefferson county, Pec k. Oswego, C. S. Sheldon. Trenton Falls, Haberer, Rocky banks of Genesee river and at Buttermilk falls, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 46. 1896; 5: 86. 1917)- Several localities in Tompkins and Cayuga counties, Dudley (Cayuga FI. 10, 1886) 7 Arabis laevigata (Muhl.) Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 411. iSro Smooth rock cress Turritis laevigata Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 543. 1801 T. lyrata Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 44. 1817 A. pcndula Nutt. (den. 2: 70. 1818. Not L. A. hastata Torrey, in Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 141. 1818 In rocky woods. Frequent across the State northward, less com¬ mon or rare southward to the lower Hudson valley. 8 Arabis canadensis L. Sp. PI. 665. 1753 Sickle pod A. falcata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 31. 1803 A. mollis Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2; 43. 1817 In woods and thickets, or open places. Frequent across the State south of the Adirondacks. CARDAMINE (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 654. 1753 1 Cardamine pratensis L., l.c. 656 Cuckoo flower Native of Europe and adventive or naturalized locally in New York, appearing chiefly in lawns and yards. Distinguished principally by its pink petals. Var. palustris Wimm. & Grab. FI. Siles. 21 266. 1829 C. pratensis var. oblongifolia Peterm. FI. Lips. 483. 1838 C. palustris Peterm. in Rabenh. Bot. Centra'.bl, 1 : 47. 1846 C. paludosa Knaf, Flora 29: 293. 1846 C. grandiflora Hallier, Bot. Zeit. 24: 209. 1866 Petals white, terminal leaflets of basal leaves usually less distinctly ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 367 toothed or entire and the leaflets of the cauline leaves usually with longer stalks. In wet meadows and swamps. Common northward across the State. Less frequent in the western and southern counties, south¬ ward to Dutchess and Delaware counties and reported locally near New York City and on Long Island, the last two which may be the introduced typical species. 2 Cardamine pennsylvanica Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3 : 486. 1800 Pennsylvania bitter cress C. hirsuta Torr. FI. N. Y. 1: 57. 1843. Not L. In moist or wet ground, often in swamps or low woods. Frequent or common throughout the State. 3 Cardamine flexuosa Withering, Arr. Br. PI. ed. 3, 3: 578. 1796 In wet woods and shaded swamps. Frequent across the State north of the coastal region. Some authorities regard this as merely a semi-aquatic form of the preceding with fewer, more flabelliform leaflets and spreading pods. In the northern swamps and wet woods, it appears quite distinct, and certainly deserves recognition either as a species or as a variety. 4 Cardamine parviflora L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 914. 1763 Small-flowered bitter cress C. hirsuta var. sylvatica A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 67. 1867 On dry rocks and in thin soil in rocky places. Infrequent. Occasional in Bronx and Westchester counties, increasing north¬ ward, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 1915). Edmonds ponds, and Cascade- ville, Essex county, Peck (34th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 53. 1881; 44th Rep’t 15. 1891, as C. flexuosa). 5 Cardamine arenicola Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 19: 220. 1892 Sand bitter cress C. virginica Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 29. 1803. Not L. In moist or wet sandy soil on Long Island and locally on Staten Island and in Westchester county. 6 Cardamine Douglassii (Torr.) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 9: 8. 1889 Purple cress Arabis rliomboidea var. purpurea Torr. Am. Jour. Sci. 4: 66. 18 22. A. Douglassii Torr. ; T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 : 83, as synonym. 1838 C. purpurea Britton, in B. & B., Illus. FI. 2: 139. 1897 Dentaria Douglassii Greene, Pittonia 3: 124. 1896 368 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In cold springy places, northern, central and western parts of the State. Infrequent or rare. Rare and local in the Hudson valley from Westchester county northward (Taylor). Common (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 46. 1896). Syracuse, Miss Cobb (51st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 277. 1898). Goat Island, Niagara Falls, C. S. Osborne. Common in Tompkins county Dudley (Cayuga Flora 10, 1886). 7 Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 4. 1888 Bulbous cress Arabis bulbosa Schreb.: Muhl. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3: 174. 1793 C. rhomboidca DC. Syst. Veg. 2: 246. 1821 A. rhomboidca Pers. Syn. 2: 204. 1805 Dentaria rhomboidea Greene, l.c. In wet meadows, low woods and thickets. Common northward across the State. Less frequent in the southeastern part of the State and not reported from Long Island. 8 Cardamine rotundifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 30. 1803 Round-leaved or American water cress Dentaria rotundifolia Greene, l.c. In cold springs, southwestern part of the State, westward and southward. Rare. Carrollton, Peck (45th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 17. 1893). Collins, Erie county, Dr. Anne E. Perkins. DENTARIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 653. 1753 1 Dentaria laciniata Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3 : 479. 1800 Cut leaved toothwort or pepper root D. concatenata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 30. 1803 Cardamine laciniata Wood, Bot. & Flor. 38. 1870 In moist or rich woods, especially in alluvial soil. Frequent or common across the State, but rare or absent from the greater part of the Adirondack region, and infrequent or rare on Long Island. A form with the leaves strictly ternate, the lateral leaflets entire or slightly toothed but not cleft, is described as D. laciniata var. integra (Schulz) Fernald, Rhodora 10: 84. 1908. ( Cardamine laciniata var. integra Schulz in Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 32: 349. T903). It is reported from western New York. Similar if not actually tne same as D. furcata Small. D. laciniata x maxima Haberer, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 44. 1923. Growing with D. laciniata and D. maxima. Chittenango Falls, Madison county. House. Deerfield, Oneida county, Haberer. These plants correspond with the description of D. incisifolia Eames (Gray’s Man. ed. 7, 434. 1908). The report of D. heterophylla Nutt., by Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 60. 1865), is probably based ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 369 upon this hybrid, since Haberer has collected this hybrid at the locality mentioned by Paine, and typical D. heterophylla is not known to occur in central New York. D. diphylla x laciniata House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 44. 1923. Locally common in several localities. D. laciniata blooms several days to 2 weeks earlier than D. diphylla, where the two species grow together, but often the blooming of the two species overlaps. The hybrid is intermediate in leaf and root characters, and is quite certainly the D. anomala Eames, Rhodora 5: 217. 1903. 2 Dentaria diphylla Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 30. 1803 Two-leaved toothwort Cardamine diphylla Wood, l.c. 37 In rich woods and meadows, especially in alluvial soil. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State outside of the sandy coastal plain. D. diphylla x maxima Haberer. The rootstocks are slightly constricted but not distinctly articulated ; leaves 3-foliate, the cauline leaves 2-3, usually remote, rarely subopposite, more sharply toothed than in D. diphylla, otherwise difficult to distinguish from D. maxima. Collected by Haberer near Utica. Also occurs near Oneida and Chittenango Falls, Madison county, and doubtless elsewhere, and might easily be mistaken for aberrant forms of D. diphylla or D. maxima. 3 Dentaria maxima Nutt. Gen. 2: 66. 1818 Large toothwort Cardamine maxima Wood, l.c. 38 In low or rich woodlands, uncommon or locally abundant across the State south of the Adirondacks, north of the coastal plain and northward in the St Lawrence basin. Watertown, Crawc ; Deerfield and Starch factory creek near Utica, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 60. 1865). Angola. Erie county, Clinton (226. Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 102. 1869). Oneida, Valley Mills and Chittenango Falls, Madison county, House. Near Ithaca. C. S. Sheldon. Wilton, Saratoga county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. LUNARIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 653. 1753 Lunaria annua L., l.c. Honesty, satin flower Native of Europe and occasionally escaped from gardens. ERUCASTRUM Presl, FI. Sic. 1: 92. 1826 Erucastrum Pollichii Schimp. & Spenn. El. Friburg 3: 946. 1829 Sisymbrium Erucastrum Poll. Hist. PI. Palat. 2: 284. 1 777 Sisymbrium gallictnn Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 678. 1809 370 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Native of Europe. Adventive or naturalized in waste ground. Cornell University campus, Ithaca. W. C. Muenscher. (See Rhodora 13: 10. 1911). ERUCA (Tourn.) Mill. Card. Diet. Abr. ed. 4. 1754 Eruca Eruca (L.) Britton, in B. & B., Ulus. FI. ed. 2, 2: 192. 1913 Garden Rocket Brassica Eruca L. Sp. PI. 667. 1753 Eruca sativa Mill. Card. Diet. ed. 8, No. 1. 1768 In waste ground. A rare or infrequent adventive or escape. Native of Europe. BRASSICA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 666. 1753 Section Leucosinapis S i n a p i s L., l.c. 668 Leucosinapis Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. 6: 348. 1838 Nap us Schimp. & Spenn. FI. Friburg 3: 939. i82g 1 Brassica alba (L.) Rabenh. FI. Lusit. 1: 184. 1839 White mustard Sinapis alba L., l.c. In waste places and fields. A rare or infrequent adventive or escape. Native of Europe and Asia. 2 Brassica arvensis (I..) Rabenh., l.c. Charlock, wild mustard Sinapis arvensis L., l.c. Brassica Sinapistrurn Boiss. Voy. Espag. 2: 39. 1839-45 In fields and waste places. A common weed in most sections of the State. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. Var. Schkuhriana (Reichenb.) Fernald, Rhodora 24: 36. 19 22 Sinapis Schkuhriana Reichenb. Ic. FI. Germ. 2 : .20. 1837 B. arvensis var. Schkuhriana Beck, FI. Nied.-Ost. 486. 1892 Dififers from the typical species by having siliques more strongly tortulose. Occasional or common. Section Melanosinapis Melanosinapis Schimp. & Spenn., l.c. Sinapistrurn Spach, l.c. 345 3 Brassica nigra (L.) Koch, in Roehl, Deutsche FI. ed. 3, 4: 713. 1833 Black mustard Sinapis nigra L., l.c. 668. Sisymbrium niagarense Fournier, 1865 (Robinson, Rhodora 3: 16. 1901) ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 371 In fields and waste places. A common weed, naturalized from Europe. 4 Brassica juncea (L.) Cosson, Bui. Soc. Bot. Franc. 6: 609. 1859 Indian mustard Sinapis juncea L., l.c. 668 In waste and cultivated ground. A frequent weed, naturalized from Europe. Includes several cultivated forms. 5 Brassica Rapa L., l.c. Wild turnip Wild forms of the cultivated turnip are not infrequent as weeds in cultivated or waste ground. The genus Brassica includes a number of cultivated plants, which are occasionally persistent or spontaneous in waste or cultivated ground, but in our latitude are probably rarely long persistent. A classification and description of these species and varieties is found in Bailey’s Cyclopedia of Horticulture and Bailey’s Gentes Herbarum 1 : 53-108. 1922. DIPLOTAXIS DC. Syst. 2: 628. 1821 1 Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC., l.c. 632 Wall rocket Sisymbrium tenuifolium L. Cent. PI. 1: 18. 1755 In waste places and on ballast, chiefly about New York City. Native of Europe. 2 Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC., l.c. 634 Sand rocket Sisymbrium murale L. Sp. PI. 658. 1753 In waste places and on ballast. Occasional about New York City. Native of Europe. RAPHANUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 669. 1753 1 Raphanus Raphanistrum L., l.c. Wild radish, jointed or white charlock, wild rape In fields and waste places. A frequent weed westward and south¬ ward in the State. Infrequent northward. Naturalized from Europe. 3/2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Raphanus sativus L., l.c. Garden radish Cultivated and occasionally spontaneous or persistent for a season or two in neglected ground, and rarely in fields or waste places. Native of Asia. CAKILE (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. a'br. ed. 4. 1754 Cakile edentula ( Bigelow) Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 59. 1830 American sea rocket Bunias edentula Bigelow, FI. Bost. 15.7. 1814 Cakile americana Nutt. Gen. 2: 62. 1818 C. maritima, (3., Torr. & Gray, FI. N. Am. 1: 119. 1841 In sand along the Atlantic coast. Long Island sound and also on the shores of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, where it is largely replaced by the variety lacustris Fernald (Rhodora 24: 23. 1922). Family 37 CAPPARIDACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 61. 1836 Caper family CLEOME L. Sp. PI. 671. 1753 Sinapistrum (Tourn.) Moench, Meth. 250. 1704 1 Cleome serrulata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 441. 1814 Pink cleome Pcritnma scrrulatum DC. Prodr. 1: 327. 1824 C. integrifolia T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 122. 1838 Native of the western states and occasional as a waif about cities and along railroads in the western part of the State. 2 Cleome spinosa L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 939. 1763 Spider flower C. pungens Willd. Enum. 689. 1809 Native of tropical and subtropical American and adventive in waste places about New York City, or rarely as an escape from gardens. PEDICELLARIA Schrank, in Roem. & Usteri, Mag. Bot. 3s 10. 1790 Gynandropsis DC. Prodr. 1: 237. 1824 Pedicellaria pentaphylla (L.) Schrank, l.c. 11 Cleome pentaphylla L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 93S. 1763 Gynandropsis pentaphylla DC, l.c. 238 Native of tropical and subtropical America. Adventive on Staten Island, Hollick (Torreya 22: 3. 1922). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 373 JACKSONIA Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 352- 1S08 Polanisia Raf. Jour. Phys. 8g: 98. 1819 Jacksonia trifoliata Raf. Med. Repos. II 5: 352. 1808 Clammy weed Cleome dodecandra var. canadensis L. (Cornut. Can. t. 131 ) Cleome dodecandra Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 32. 1803. Not L. Polanisia graveolens Raf. Jour. Phys. 89: 98. 1819 — Am. Jour. Sci. i: 379- 1819 Jacksonia dodecandra MacM. Met. Minn. 270. 1893 P. dodecandra B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 6. 1888 Sandy and gravelly shores of streams and lakes. Infrequent, but widely distributed across the State and locally common. A review of the reported stations and herbarium specimens, shows that the plant occurs commonly on the Hudson river from above Troy south to Peekskill and Garrison, at Schenectady, Oneida lake, Seneca, Cayuga and Crooked lakes, Canandaigua lake, shore of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie and formerly, at least, on Long Island. Family 38 RESEDACEAE S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 665. 1821 Mignonette family RESEDA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 448. 1753 1 Reseda luteola L., l.c. Dyer’s rocket, yellow weed 2 Reseda lutea L., l.c. 449 Yellow cut-leaved mignonette 3 Reseda alba L. l.c. White cut-leaved mignonette All three of these species of Reseda are native of Europe and are occasionally adventive in waste places or ballast, especially about the seaports. Reseda odorata L., the garden mignonette, has also been reported as an escape. Family 39 SARRACENIACEAE La.Pyl. Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 379. 1827 Pitcher plant family SARRACENIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 510. 1753 Sarracenia purpurea L., l.c. Pitcher plant, sidesaddle flower In sphagnous bogs. Common across the northern part of the State, through the central and western counties. Less common south¬ ward and absent from those sections where no sphagnum bogs are found. Forms with greenish-yellow flowers and no purple veins in the foliage are designated as forma heterophylla (Eaton) Fernald. Rhodora 24: 174. 1922 (var. heterophylla Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 41. 1843 — S- heterophylla Eaton, Man. ed. 3, 447. 1822). 374 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Family 40 DROSERACEAE S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 664. 1821 Sundew family DROSERA L. Sp. PI. 281. 1753 1 Drosera rotundifolia L., l.c. Round-leaved sundew In bogs or on wet sandy or marly soil. Common northward and on Long Island, but less frequent in the Susquehanna region and not reported from the Chemung valley. Frequent westward in the State. A form with reduced inflorescence in which some or all parts of the flowers are modified to greenish gland-bearing leaves, and which occurs locally in Herkimer. Oneida and Genesee counties, is desig¬ nated as var. comosa Fernald (Rhodora 7: 9. 1905). 2 Drosera intermedia Havne, in Schrad. Jour. Bot. 18001: 37. 1800 Spatulate-leaved sundew D. longifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 186. 1803; Robinson & Fernald; Gray’s Man. ed. 7, 441. 1908. Not L. D. amcricana Willd. Enum. 340. 1809 D. intermedia var. amcricana DC. Prodr. 1: 318. 1824 In sphagnum bogs, and on marshy or marly shores. Common across the northern part of the State. Less frequent southward to Dutchess, Chenango, Tompkins and Erie counties. Also on Long Island. The Long Island specimens have relatively shorter leaves than the more northern plants, but otherwise appear to be identical. Some northern specimens approach D. longifolia L. (D. anglica Huds.) in length of leaf blades, but no typical specimens of D. anglica Huds., have been seen from New York. Fernald describes (Rhodora 23: 265. 1922) a hybrid between D. longifolia (D. intermedia) and D. rotuindifolia, from Nova Scotia, which should be looked for in northern New York. 3 Drosera filiformis Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 360. 1808 Thread-leaved sundew D. tenuifolia Willd. Enum. 340. 1809 D. fUifolia Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 235. 1818 In wet sand near the coast of eastern Long Island. Rare. Family 41 PODOSTEMACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 190. 1836 Riverweed family PODOSTEMON Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 164. pi. 44. 1803 Podostemon ceratophyllum Michx., l.c. 165 Riverweed ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 375 Firmly attached to stones in shallow water of streams. Rare. Black river near Watertown, Gray, near Newburgh, Halsted (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 171. 1843). Watertown, Crawe (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 123. 1865). White lake outlet, Oneida county, Haberer (Rhodora 7: 107. 1905). Family 42 SEDACEAE Neck. Act. Ac, Theod. Palat, 2 : 487. 1770 (Crass ulaceae DC. FI. Franc. 4: 382. 1805) Orpine family TILLAEA (Mich.) L. Sp. PI. 128. 1753 Section Bulliarda (DC.) T. & G. Hydrophila Ehrh. Beitr. 4: 146. 1789 (nomina usualia) Bulliarda DC. Bui. Soc. Philom. 3: n. 49: 1. 1801. Not Neck. 1790 Tillaeastrum Britton, Bui. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 1. 1903 Tillaea aquatica L., l.c. Pigmy weed T. simplex Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 1: 114. 1817 Bulliarda aquatica DC., l.c. 2 T. asccndens Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 465, 1818 Tillaeastrum aquaticum Britton, l.c. Hydrophila aquatica House, Am. Mid. Nat. 6: 203. 1920 Muddy banks of streams. Rare. Banks of the Hudson river one or two miles north of Peekskill, Mead (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 252. 1843)- SEDUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 430. 1753 Section Rhodiola (L.) Schonland Rhodiola L. Sp. PI. 1035. 175,3 1 Sedum roseum (L). Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, 326. 1772 Roseroot, rosewort Rhodiola rosea L„ l.c. Sedum Rhodiola DC. Plantes Gras. pi. 143. 1805 In rocky places. A northern and subarctic species, occurring locally in New York, at Chittenango Falls, Madison county {House), Seneca lake, (S. H. Wright), and the Delaware water gap (See N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 179: 44. 1915). Section Telephium D. Koch 2 Sedum triphyllum (Haw.) S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 510 1821 Orpine, live-forever Anacampseros triphylla Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. hi. 1812 Sedum Fabaria Koch, Syn. PI. Germ. 258. 1837 S', purpurcum Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 437. 1821 S’. Telephium in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 1, and Gray’s Man. Ed. 6, not L. 376 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In fields and along roadsides, often on rocks or banks. Frequent or common in many sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. Sedum telephioides Michx. FI. Bor. Am. i : 277. 1803, has been reported from western New York by Torrey & Gray (FI. N. Am. 1 : 558. 1840), Torrey (FI. N. Y. 1 : 252. 1843), Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 83. 1865) and by Sartwell (58th Rep’t Regents, 1845). Paine’s Chittenango Falls report proves to be Sedum r o s e u m. The specimen collected by Wright (22c! Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 102. 1869), is S e d u m roseu m, as is also Sartwell’s specimen in the herbarium at Hamilton College. Hall’s collection from Seneca lake, if in existence, I have not seen, but I strongly suspect that it also was Sedum rose m, and that Sedum telephioides does not occur in New York State. 3 Sedum Sieboldii Sweet, in Hook, Bot. Mag. t. 535# Japanese orpine Native of Asia. Sometimes cultivated and found by Peck as an escape near Shokan. Section Seda-genuina D. Koch 4 Sedum acre L. Sp. PI. 432. 1753 W allpepper, mossy stonecrop Native of Europe. Frequent in cultivation and very common in some sections, especially on stony ledges or rocky fields, as an escape, where well established and naturalized. Also often seen along road¬ sides, in old cemeteries and rarely in woodlands. Especially common west of Watertown and in certain sections of the Hudson valley. 5 Sedum reflexum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 618. 1762 Crooked yellow stonecrop, dwarf house leak Locally escaped from gardens and established in Rensselaer and Wayne counties, and possibly elsewhere. Native of Europe. 6 Sedum ternatum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 277. 1803 Wild stonecrop On rocks and rocky banks. Rare or sporadic in southeastern New York, and perhaps not native in this State. Rare as an escape from cultivation farther northward in the State. 7 Sedum stolonilferum S. G. Gmel. Reise 3: 311. t. 35, /. 2. 1774 Roadsides near St Huberts, Essex county, Mrs Felix Adler. Probably as an escape from cultivation. Native of western Asia. SEMPERVIVIJM L. Sp. PI. 464. 1753 Sempervivum tectorum L., l.c. Hen-and-chickens ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 2)77 Often planted and persistent in old yards or neglected grounds. Rare as an escape. Native of Europe. Family 43 PENTHORACEAE Rydb. N. Am. FI. 22: 75. 1905 Virginia stonecrop family PENTHORUM L. Sp. PI. 432. 1753 Penthorum sedoides L., l.c. Ditch or Virginia stonecrop In ditches, swamps and low wet meadows. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State except on Long Island, where it is rare, and absent from the pine-barrens. Rare or largely absent from the higher Adirondacks. Family 44 PARNASSIACEAE Dumort. Anal. Fam. 37, 42. 1829 Grass-of-Parnassus family PARNASSIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 273. 1753 Parnassia caroliniana Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 184. 1803 Carolina grass-of-parnassus In swamps, low meadows and marly hogs, sometimes on wet or dripping rocks. Locally common from Warren and Rensselaer counties west to St Lawrence county and Lake Erie, southward to Long Island and Staten Island. Not reported from the Adirondacks. Family 45 SAXIFRAGACEAE Desv. FI. Anjou, 312. 1827 Saxifrage family SAXIFRAGA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 398. 1753 Section Trachyphyllum Gaud. Leptasea Haw. Saxifr. Enum. 39. 1821 1 Saxifraga aizoides L., Sp. PI. 403. 1753 Yellow mountain saxifrage Leptasea aicoides Haw., l.c. 40 On wet rocks. Rare and local. Annsville (Taberg), Oneida county, on east branch Fish creek, Kneiskern & Vasey (Torrev, FI. N. Y. 2: 516. 1843), and still common there. Along Salmon river, Orwell, Oswego county, Rowlee (Torr. Club Bui. 20: 68. 1893). Near Ithaca, Dudley (36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 38. 1884). Portage, Wyoming county, Day (PI. Buffalo 33). Section Boraphila Engl. Micranthes Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. 320. 1812 37§ NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. i : 260. 1803 Early saxifrage Micranthes virginiensis Small, FI. SE. U. S. 501. 1903 In dry or rocky woodlands and on exposed rocks and ledges. Common. A form with 15 stamens, described as forma penta- decandra (Sterns) Fernald, has been found on New York Island. 3 Saxifraga pennsylvanica L. Sp. PI. 399. 1753 Swamp saxifrage Micranthes pennsylvanica Haw. Saxifr. Enum. 45. 1821 In swamps and low meadows. Frequent or common across the State outside of the higher Adirondaeks, and absent from the pine- barrens of Long Island. Forma fultoir Fernald, Rhodora 19: 114. 1917, with the lower bracts dilated and foliaceous ; Pike, Wyoming county, Peck. Saxifraga purpuripetala Johnson, Minn. Biol. Stud. 4: 31. 1919, described from Vermont and New Jersey, is said to differ from S. pennsylvanica, chiefly by its purple petals. Until better known its status must be considered as doubtful. Section Euaizoonia Schott Chondrosea Haw. Saxifr. Enum. 10. 1821 4 Saxifraga Aizoon Jacq. FI. Austr. 5: 18. pi. 438. 1778 Chondrosea Aizoon Haw., l.c. Cliffs of the southeastern side of Wallface mountain, above the southern end of Indian Pass, House 9438, July 2, 1923. TIARELLA L. Sp. PI. 405. 1753 Tiarella cordifolia L., l.c. False miterwort, coolwort In rich woods, usually in moist soil. Common or frequent in most sections of the State, north of New York City. Rare in the Susquehanna valley. HEUCHERA L. Sp. PI. 226. 1753 Heuchera americana L., l.c. Alum root In dry or rocky woods and on banks, chiefly in the southeastern part of th-e State. Rare northward to Garrison and Matteawan. Var. glauca (Raf.) Rosendahl, Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 37. Biebl. 83: 79. 1905 (Heuchera, glauca Raf. Med. FI. 1: 244. 1825; H. Curtisii T. & G. ; Gray in Am. Jour. Sci. 42: 15. 1841), with leaves glabrous or nearly so, and usually glaucous, is reported as rare in the southeastern part of the State. It is sometimes recog¬ nized as a distinct species. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 379 MITELLA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 406. 1753 1 Mitella diphylla L. Sp. PI. 406. 1753 Two-leaved bishop’s cap or miterwort In rich woods. Common northward and westward in the State. Less frequent southward to Bronx county and reported from Staten Island. Not known on Long Island. Mitella oppositifolia Rydb. N. Am. FI. 22: 91. 1905, differs by having the stem leaves petioled ; sepals lanceolate and divisions of the petals filiform. It is reported from Central New York, and may be an aberrant form of the preceding. Mitella prostrata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 270. 1803. Originally collected near Lake Champlain, has not been collected since. The original specimen is preserved in the Museum d’ Historie Naturelle in Paris, and is described by Fernald (Rhodora 8: 90-92. 1906). 2 Mitella nuda L. Sp. PI. 408. 1753 Naked bishop’s cap or miterwort M. reniformis Lam. Encycl. 4: 196. 1796 In cold woods and bogs, most frequent in arbor vitae, spruce and balsam swamps. Common in the northern part of the State. Infre¬ quent in the western counties and not found south of Greene county in the east. Westward frequent in the cold swamps on the higher hills of Otsego, Herkimer, Madison, Cortland and Tompkins counties. CHRYSOSPLENIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 398. 1753 Chrysosplenium americanum Schw. ; Hook FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 242. 1832 Golden saxifrage, water carpet C. oppositifolium Walt. FI. Car. 140. 1788. Not L. In wet shaded places and in springs. Frequent or common across the State northward. Less frequent southward to Long Island, north of the moraine. Family 46 HYDRANGEACEAE Dumort. Anal. Fam. 36, 38. 1829 Hydrangea family HYDRANGEA (Gronov.) L. Sp. PI. 397. 1753 Hydrangea arborescens L., l.c. Wild hydrangea On rocky stream or river banks, southwestern part of the State from Chemung and Tioga counties westward. Var. oblonga T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 591. 1840 (H. cinerea Small, Torr. Club. Bui. 25: 148. 1898, in part), reported from 380 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Painted Post, Steuben county, Miss I. S. Arnold; Forma sterilis (T. & G.) St John (Rhodora 23: 208. 1922; var. sterilis T. & G., l.c) in which the flowers are all sterile and radiate, is often seen in cultivation. PHILADELPHUS L. Sp. PI. 470. 1753 Philadelphus coronarius L., l.c. Garden syringa, mock orange Native of central Europe. Common in cultivation and sparingly escaped or long persistent in some localities. Family 47 HAMAMELIDACEAE Lindl. Veg. Kingd. 784. 1847 Witch hazel family HAMAMELIS L. Sp. PI. 124. 1753 Hamamelis virginiana L., l.c. Witch hazel In low woods and thickets or in swamps. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State, and rare only in some of the northern sections and the higher portions of the Adirondacks. Var. parvifolia (Nutt.) T. & G. FI. Am. 1: 597. 1840. Leaves usually smaller and thicker, densely stellate-hirsute and usually rufescent beneath. Of doubtful varietal rank, but represents a form not uncommon in the southern and southeastern portions of the State. Family 48 ALTINGIACEAE Hayne, Flora 1 : 172. 1830 Altingia family LIQUIDAMBAR L. Sp. PI. 999. 1753 Liquidambar Styraciflua L., l.c. Sweet gum, star-leaf, red gum In low woods. Common on Long Island and Staten Island and northward on the mainland to the southern edge of the Hudson highlands. Chatham, Columbia county, Eaton (Man. ed. 2, 304. 1818). Family 49 GROSSULARIACEAE Dumort. Anal. Fam. 37. 1829 Gooseberry family RIBES L. Sp. PI. 201. 1753 Subgenus Ribesium (Medic.) Ribesium Medic. Phil. Bot. 1: 120. 1789 Botrycarpum A. Rich. Bot. Med. 2: 487. 1823 Coreosma Spach, Ann. Sc. Nat. II. 4: 2. 1835 Chrysobotrya Spach, l.c. 18 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 381 1 Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 2 : 856. 1811 Swamp black currant R. oxyacanthoides var. lacustre Pers. Syn. 1: 252. 1805 R. grossularioides Michx. ; Steud. Nom. Bot. 691. 1821 In swamps and wet woods. Common northward across the State. Less frequent southward to the Catskill mountains, the upland swamps of Chenango, Otsego and Tompkins counties. Not reported from the western counties of the State, nor from the southern Sus¬ quehanna and Chemung valleys. 2 Ribes nigrum L. Sp. PI. 201. 1753 Garden black currant Ribesium nigrum Medic., l.c. Botrycarpum nigrum A. Rich., l.c. Frequent in cultivation and occasionally escaped from gardens or long persistent in neglected grounds. Native of Europe. 3 Ribes vulgare Lam. Encycl. 3: 47. 1789 Red garden currant R. rubrum of American Reports, not L. Common in cultivation and occasionally established as an escape. Native of Europe. .4 Ribes triste Pall. Nova Acta Acad. Petrop. 10: 378. 1797 American wild red currant A. rubrum A. Gray, Man. 143. 1848. Not L. In wet woods, bogs, or in open marshy places. A species extending across the north of the North American continent and northern Asia. The typical form of the species apparently not found in this State yet, but represented by : Var. albinervium (Michx.) Fernald, Rhodora 7: 4. 1907 R. albinervium Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: no. 1803 R. rubrum albinervium MacM. Metasp. Minn. Valley 279. 1892 Frequent or locally common across the northern part of the State. Less frequent southward and westward to Greene, Otsego, Tompkins and Genesee counties. The leaves are glabrous or spariagly pubescent beneath when young, while the typical form of the species has leaves permanently white-tomentose beneath. 5 Ribes glandulosum Grauer, PI. Min. Cog. 2. 1784 Fetid or skunk currant R. prostratum L’Her. Stirp. Nov. 3: pi. 2. 1785 R. ringens Michx. l.c. no R. trifidum Michx., l.c. 382 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In cold wet woods and swamps, often in balsam or spruce swamps. Common in the northern and central parts of the State. Less frequent southward to Dutchess county, the Catskill mountains, Chenango and Chemung counties and westward to Lake Erie and Chautauqua county. 6 Ribes americanum Mill. Card. Diet. ed. 8, Ribes No. 4. 1768 Wild black currant Ribes Dillcnii Medic. Beobacht. 1782: 396. 1783 R. floridum L’Her. Stirp. Nov. 4. 1785 R. pennsylvanicum Lam. Encycl. 3: 49. 1789 R. nigrum pennsylvanicum Marsh. Arb. Am. 132. 1785 R. recurvum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: no. 1803 Coreosma florida Spach, l.c. 22 In woods and thickets, sometimes in low or swampy places. As¬ cending nearly to the summit of Mount McIntyre according to Peck, and common across the State. Less frequent southward to Long 7 Ribes odoratum Wendl. in Bartl. & Wendl. Beitr. 2: 15. 1825 Golden, Buffalo or Missouri currant Chrysobotrya revoluta Spach, l.c. 19 Native of the western states and common in cultivation. Long per¬ sistent in neglected grounds, and rarely escaped or established by • roadsides, rocky fields, etc. Subgenus Grossularia (Tourn.) Grossularia (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. abr. ed. 4. 1754 8 Ribes Cynosbati L. Sp. PI. 202. 1753 Wild gooseberry, dogberry G. Cynosbati Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 5. 1768 R. gracile Torr. FI. U. S. 1 : 269. 1824. In rocky woods. Frequent across the State northward and west¬ ward. Southward to the Catskill mountains, the Hudson highlands and Delaware county. Locally on the northern part of Long Island and rare on Staten Island. 9 Ribes hirtellum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : in. 1803 Northern or smooth gooseberry R. oxycanthoides, of N. Y. Reports. Not L. R. huronense Rydberg; Britton Man. 487. 1901 In moist or wet woods and low grounds. Common northward across the State especially in the Adirondacks. Rare or local south¬ ward to Rockland county (Austin), Orange county (Peck), and westward to Lake Erie. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 383 Var. saxosum (Hook.) Fernald, Rhodora 13: 76. 1911 ( R . saxosum Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 231. 1834), with calyx and sub- cordate leaves essentially glabrous ; bracts of the raceme glandless, though often pilose-margined. Reported from north and east of this state and to be looked for in northern New York. 10 Ribes reclinatum L., l.c. 201 Garden gooseberry G. reclinata Mill., l.c. No. 1 R. Grossularia & R. Uva-crispa L., l.c. Along roadsides and in neglected grounds. Escaped from gardens or persistent and spreading. Native of Europe. 11 Ribes rotundifolium Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : no. 1803 Eastern wild gooseberry G. rotwidifolia Coville & Britton, in N. Am. FI. 22: 223. 1908 R. triflorum Willd. Hort. Berol. pi. 61. 1806 R. gracile Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 165. 1814. Not Michx. In rocky woods. Infrequent or locally abundant in the lower Hudson valley and the Catskill mountains. Reported from Long Island and Staten Island, and northward to the western side of Lake Champlain, the southern Adirondacks and westward across the State. According to Gray’s Manual ed. 7, 1908, Ribes gracile Michx. is the same as R. missouriensis Nutt., and the species is reported eastward to Connecticut. In the N. Am. Flora, Ribes gracile Michx. is referred to R. Cynosbati, while R. gracile Pursh is referred to R. missouriensis, the range of which is not given as eastward to New York. The writer has seen no authentic specimens of R. missouriensis from New York. Family 50 PLATANACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 187. 1836 Plane tree family PLATANUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 999. 1753 Platanus occidentalis L., l.c. Buttonwood, buttonball, plane tree, sycamore Along streams, lakes and ponds and in wet woods. Common from Lake Champlain and the Lake George region westward to the St Lawrence, outside of the higher Adirondacks, to about 1,000 feet alti¬ tude. Increasingly abundant southward and westward in the State, especially along streams, except in the pine-barrens of Long Island and on Staten Island, where it is rare or locally absent. 384 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Family 51 SPIKAEACEAE 1 .oisleur-Delongchamps, Man. PI. Indig. 1 : 188. 1818 OPULASTER Medic. Pfl. Anat. 2 : 109. 1799 Physocarpa Raf. New FI. 3: 73. 1836 1 Opulaster opulifolius (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 949. 1891 Ninebark Spiraea opulifolia L. Sp. PI. 489. 1753 Neillia opulifolia Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 171. 1876 (as to synonymy only) Physocarpa opulifolia Raf., l.c. On river banks, rocky woods and moist thickets. Locally frequent from Rensselaer county westward to St Lawrence county, south¬ ward in the Appalachian region. Common and undoubtedly native along the Hudson river south¬ ward to the Hudson highlands, and in the lake region from Onondaga county to Ontario county and southward. Not reported from the higher Catskills nor as a native from south of the Hudson highlands. In western New York regarded as an escape (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3 : 60. 1896). The plants reported by Day (PI. Buffalo 30. 1883), 1 have not seen and they may belong to the next species. 2 Opulaster intermedius Rydb. ; Britton, Man. 492. 1901 Prairie ninebark Physocarpus opulifolius var. intermedius Robinson, Rhodora 10: 32. 1908 Riverbanks and rocky woodlands, in western New York, according to Rydberg. SPIRAEA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 489. 1753 1 Spiraea latifolia (Ait.) Borkh. Handb. Forstbot. 1871. 1803 Meadow sweet, quaker lady. 5. salicifolia latifolia Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 198. 1789 3’. media Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 342. 1814 S. obovata Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 206. 1818 S. salicifolia Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 198, in part. 1843. Not L. In moist or rocky ground. Frequent or locally common through¬ out most sections of the State. Ascends to near summit of McIntyre and Wallface in the Adirondacks, where it is dwarfed and leaves broader (obovate) and coarsely toothed. Varies with flowers, pink or rosy in. color. 2 Spiraea salicifolia L. Sp. PI. 489. 1753 Occasional in cultivation. Native of Asia, and reported by Britton & Brown (Illus. FI. ed. 2, 2: 245. 1913), -as an escape along road¬ sides. Also reported by Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 1915). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 385 3 Spiraea alba DuRoi, Harbk. Baumz. 2 : 430. 1772 Narrow-leaved meadow sweet .S', paniculata Willd. Sp. PI. 2 : 10S5. 1799 S', salicifolia var. lanceolata T. & G. FI. N. Am. x: 415. 1840 S. salicifolia of N. Y. reports in part. Not L. In wet soil and in swamps and bogs. Uncommon but widely dis¬ tributed across the State north of the coastal plain region. 4 Spiraea tomentosa L. Sp. PI. 489. 1753 Hardhack, steeple bush In swamps and low ground. Frequent across the State north¬ ward, and in the Adirondacks up to 2,000 feet altitude. Common in central New York, the Ontario lowlands, and on Long Island and Staten Island. Less frequent or rare in the western New York highlands. Forma albiflora (Raf.) Macbride, Rhodora 17: 143. 1915 (S'. tomentosa var. albiflora Raf. Med. Bot. 2: 92. 1830), with white flowers, occurs in several localities in Saratoga and Rensselaer coun¬ ties, and doubtless elsewhere. 5 Spiraea japonica L.f., Suppl. 262. 1781 Japanese spiraea Cultivated and reported as an occasional escape from gardens. Native of eastern Asia. 6 Spiraea chamaedrifolia L. Sp. PI. 489. 1753 Germander-leaved spiraea Native of Asia and reported as a rare escape from cultivation to roadsides. ARUNCUS (L.) Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 295. 1763 Aruncus Aruncus (L.) Karst. Deutsch. FI. 779. 1880-83 Goat’s-beard Spiraea Aruncus L. Sp. PI. 490. 1753 Aruncus Sylvester Kostel. Ind. Hort. Prag. 15. 1844 .S’. Aruncus var. americana Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1: 482. 1824 In rich woods from Pennsylvania southward and westward. Re¬ ported from the Catskill mountains, Eaton (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 200. 1843), but not since collected there. SCHIZONOTUS Lindl. Introd. Nat. Syst. 81. 1830 B as i lima Raf. New. FI. 3: 75. 1836 Schizonotus sorbifolius (L.) Lindl.; Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, 2: 531. 1841 Sorb-leaved schizonotus Spiraea sorbifolia L. Sp. PI. 490. 1753 Sorbaria sorbifolia A. Br. ; Aschers. FI. Brand. 177. 1864 B. sorbifolia Raf., l.c. 386 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Frequent in cultivation and locally escaped or persistent in some localities. Native of Europe. Fulton, Oswego county, W. IV. Roivlee. Penfield, Monroe county, Dunbar. Albany, House. Massena, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. PORTERANTHUS Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 4: 1 1 5. 1894 Gillenia Moench, Meth. Suppl. 286. 1802. Not Gillena Adans. 1763 1 Porteranthus trifoliatus (L.) Britton, l.c. Indian physic, Bowman’s root, false ipecac Spiraea trifoliata L. Sp. PI. 490. 1753 Gillenia trifoliata Moench., l.c. In woods and thickets. Oneida county south to Broome county and westward. Rare in the eastern part of its range. Bridgewater, Oneida county, Gray. Waterville, Oneida county, Miss J. E. Johnson; sides of Oriskany valley from Clinton, south¬ ward; banks of Seneca lake, Vasey (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 76. 1865). Not uncommon in Broome county, Millspaugh (Torr. Club Bui. 12: 101. 1885). Elmira, Lucy. 2 Porteranthus stipulatus (Muhl.) Britton, l.c. American ipecac Spiraea stipulata Muhl.; Willd. Enum. 542. 1809 Gillenia stipulacca Nutt. Gen. 1: 307. 1818 G. stipulata Trelease, in Branner & Coville, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Arkans. 4: 179. 1891 Moist rich woods, Broome county and western New York west¬ ward and southward. Infrequent. Moist rich woods, western New York, Daind Thomas, Doctor Clever (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 201. 1843). Binghamton, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 33. 1898, note under trifoliatus) . FILIPENDULA (Tourn.) Mill. Card. Diet. abr. ed. 4. 1754 Ulmaria Mill., l.c. — Hill, Hort. Kew. 213. 1768 1 Filipendula rubra (Hill) Robinson, Rhodora 8: 204. 1906 Queen of the prairie Ulmaria rubra Hill, l.c. 214. pi. 7.. Spiraea lobata Gronov. ; lacq. Hort. Vind. 1: 38. pi. 88. 1770 S’. rubra Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 18: 270. 1891 Native from Pennsylvania westward and southward. Frequent in cultivation and escaped to roadsides and neglected grounds, north¬ ward to Cleveland, Oswego county, House, and Aiden Lair, Essex county. Peck. Doubtless elsewhere in the State. 2 Filapendula Ulmaria (L.) Maxim. Act. Hort. Petrop. 6: 25. 1879 European meadow sweet Spiraea Ulmaria L. Sp. PI. 490. 1753 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 3^7 Frequent in cultivation and occasional as an escape. Filapendula filapendula (L.) Voss (F. vulgaris Moench), is also -.epwi'led a.; a :aie e.capc in the eastern states. Family 52 ROSACEAE B. Juss. Hort. Train. 1759 Rose family POTENTILLA L. Sp. PI. 495. 1753 Subgenus Eupotentilla T. & G. Tormentilla L., l.c. 500 Quinquefolium (Tourn.) Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 295. 1763 Pentaphyllum Gaertn. Frust. 1: 349. 1788 Tridophyllum Neck. Elem. 2: 93. 1790 C a 1 1 i o n i a Greene, Leaflets 1 : 238. 1906 1 Potentilla simplex Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 303. 1803 Decumbent five-finger P. canadensis var. simplex T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 443. 1840 Callionia simplex Greene, l.c. Open grassy woods and shaded places. Infrequent or locally common across the State outside of the Adirondacks. 2 Potentilla pumila Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 5 : 594. 1804 Dwarf five-finger P. canadensis var. pumila T. & G., l.c. P. canadensis Michx., l.c. Not L. Callionia pumila Greene, l.c. In dry soil, usually in sandy or sterile fields and open woods. Frequent in Saratoga and Albany counties, about Oneida lake and the Ontario lowlands, Tioga county and westward to Lake Erie. Common near the Atlantic coast and on Long Island and Staten Island. 3 Potentilla canadensis L. Sp. PI. 498. 1753 Common five-finger or cinquefoil P. sarmcntosa Muhl. ; Willd. Enum. 554. 1809 Callionia canadensis Greene, l.c. In fields, meadows and dry soil, sometimes in open woods. Com¬ mon throughout the State except in densely wooded sections. 4 Potentilla paradox^ Nutt. ; T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 : 437. 1840 Bushy cinquefoil P. supina Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 304. 1803. Not L., 1753 Tridophyllum paradoxu?n Greene, Leaflets 1: 189. 1905 Shore of Lake Ontario from Cayuga county westward. Rare. Reported as a waif near New York City (Taylor). 388 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Fairhaven, C. S. Sheldon. Sodus Bay, Hankenson. Irondequoit bay, Monroe county, Fish (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 61. 1896). Outlet of Braddocks bay, Monroe county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 186. 1865; Britton , Torr. Club Bui. 21: 31. 1894; Killip & JVoodams, Proc. Roch. Acad. Roch. Acad. 5: 88. 1917)- Adven- tive at East Buffalo, Cowell (Bui. Buffalo Nat. Field Club 1: 86. 1883). 5 Potentilla monspeliensis L. Sp. PI. 499. 1753 Rough cinquefoil P. trifoliata Gilib. Excrc. phytot. 361. 1792 P. dichotoma Moench, Meth. 659. 1794 Tridophyllum monspeliense Greene, l.c. P. hirsuta Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 302. 1803 In moist or dry soil, often in meadows, fields or in waste places, as though adventive. Common or frequent throughout the State except in densely wooded sections, into which it appears to migrate with the clearing of the forests. The typical European form is var. norvegica (L. ) Rydh. Mem. Dep’t. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2: 46. 1898 (P. norvegica L., I.c.), which differs slightly from the indigenous American form, and is regarded both as distinct species and as a variety by various authori¬ ties. It is common in this State as an introduced plant. 6 Potentilla argentea L. Sp. PI. 497. 1753 Silvery cinquefoil P. argyrops Raf. Aut. Bot. 165. 1840 Hypargyrium argentium Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon II. 16: 371. 1868 In dry soil, often in sandy places or on rocky ledges. Frequent or common northward and westward in the State and southward to the lower Hudson valley, and locally on Long Island where perhaps adventive. 7 Potentilla intermedia L. Mant. 76. 1767 Downy cinquefoil Native of the mountainous regions of Europe and rare as an in¬ troduced or adventive plant in this State. Flushing, Long Island, Hulst (Torreya 2: 51. 1902). Port Henry on Lake Champlain, E. P. Killip. 8 Potentilla inclinata Vill. Hist. PI. Dauph. 3: 567. pi. 45. 1789 P. canescens Besser, Prim. FI. Gal. 1: 330. 1809 P. pilosa Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 1: 139. 1883. Not Vill. 1889 Native of Europe and reported as established at Buffalo. 9 Potentilla recta L. Sp. PI. 497. 1753 Rough-fruited cinquefoil P. obscura Willd. Sp. PI. 2: 1100. 1800 P. corymbosa Moench, Meth. Suppl. 279. 1802 Hypargyrium rectum Fourr., l.c. 372 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 389 In waste places, fields and roadsides. Reported from Wading River, Long Island, by E. S. Miller in 1874, and now established in several localities. Var. sulphurea (Lam.) comb. nov. Yellow cinquefoil P. sulphurea Lam. FI. Fr. 3: 114. 1778 P. recta Willd., l.c. 1099. Not. L. 1753 P. pallida Lag. ; Besser, Enum. PI. Volh. 69. 1822 In fields, along roadsides and in waste places. Native of Europe and established as a locally common plant in several localities across the State. Apparently increasing rapidly in abundance and distri¬ bution within recent years, being first reported from near Oswego in 1879 by Rev. J. H. Wibbe. Rydberg (N. Am. Flora 22 : 309-310. 1908) maintains P. r e c t a L., and P. sulphurea Lam., as separate species. The chief dis¬ tinction given is that P. recta has “ petals deep-yellow, only slightly longer than the sepals,” while P. sulphurea is said to have “ petals sulfur-yellow, half longer than the sepals.” practically all of the New York State collections from more than 15 localities throughout the State belong to P. sulphurea, as here dis¬ tinguished, while Miller’s Long Island collection is the only one of P. recta. The differences between the two seem too slight for maintaining them as distinct species. Subgenus Argentina (Hill) Argentina Hill, Brit. Herb. 1756; Lam. FI. Fr. 3: 118. 1779 Dactylophyllum Spenn. FI. Frib. 1084, in part. 1829 Potentilla, Sect. A n s e r i n a T. & G. FI. N. Arn. 1 : 444. 1840 10 Potentilla anserina L. Sp. PI. 495. 1753 Silverweed, wild or goose tansy P. argentine, Huds. FI. Angl. 195. 1762 Argentina vulgaris Lam., l.c. 119 P. anserina var. vulgaris Hayne, Arzneigew 4: 31. 1816 Argentina anserina Rydb. Mem. Dept. Botany Columbia Univ. 2: 159. 1898 On shores and in marshes. Locally common from Lake Cham¬ plain to the St Lawrence river and Lake Ontario, outside of the higher Adirondacks, southward to Long Island and westward to Lake Erie. Not recorded from the Catskills or the Susquehanna region. Var. sericea Hayne, l.c. P. anserina var. concolor Wallr. Sched. Crit. 1: 236. 1822 Argentina argentea Rydb. Torr. Club Bui. 33: 143. 1906; N. Am. FI. 22: 353- 1908 In marshes, on shores, etc., along the eastern end of Lake Ontario and probably elsewhere in the St Lawrence basin. Woodville, Jef¬ ferson county, House. 390 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Argentina Babcockiana Rydb. N. Am. FI. 22: 354. 1908. The type of this is from Westminster Park, Jefferson county. Said by Rydberg to occur also at Oneida lake. Several collections from Oneida lake agree with the description of this species, but possess grooved or sulcate akenes, which relates them to A. anserina. 1 1 Potentilla pacifica Howell, FI. N. W. Am. 1 : 179. 1898 Large-flowered silverweed P. anserina var. grandis T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 444. 1838 P. anserina var. groenlandica T. & G., l.c. A. anserina grandis Rydb. Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2: 161. 1898 A. litoralis Rydb. N. Am. FI. 22: 354. 1908 Reported from the eastern end of Long Island. One sheet in the old cabinet collection of the state herbarium, without definite locality or date, exhibits exactly the characters described for this species, and may have been collected on Long Island. The rachis of the leaves is quite glabrous. Subgenus Dasiphora (Raf.) Dasiphora Raf. Aut. Bot. 167. 1838 Potentilla, Sect. Comocarpa T. & G., l.c. 445 Sibbaldiopsis Rydb. Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2: 187. 1898 12 Potentilla fruiticosa L. Sp. PI. 495. 1753 Shrubby cinquefoil Dasiphora riparia Raf., l.c. Potentilla floribnnda Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 355. 1814 Dasiphora fruticosa Rydb., l.c. 188 In swamps or moist rocky places. Common northward across the State, and locally southward, chiefly in swamps or bogs, to Dutchess, Columbia, Westchester and Orange counties, westward to Lake Erie. Rare in the Susquehanna region, but rather common in the Ontario lowlands. New York specimens have chiefly oblong-lanceolate leaflets and flowers 1.5-2 cm broad; the petals 6-8 mm long and often equalled or sometimes exceeded by the sepals and bracts. 13 Potentilla tridentata Soland. in Ait. Hiort. Kew. 2: 215. t. b. 1789 Three-toothed cinquefoil P. retusa O. F. Mueller, FI. Dan. 514: 4. t. 799. 1780 Sibbaldiopsis tridentata Rydb., l.c. 187 In rocky places, especially on mountain summits and on exposed ridges and ledges. Frequent or common throughout the Adiron- dacks and northern New York, and in the Catskill mountains. Less frequent southward to Dutchess county and the Hudson highlands. Not reported from western New York. P. retusa of Mueller has usually been referred to this species with some question, because the plate represents the petals as retuse ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 3QI or emarginate at the apex. However it does not seem that the plate can refer to any other known species, and faulty delineation of the petals may have been due to carelessness, or the drawing may have been made from specimens with wilted or dried petals in which an appearance of retuse petals might have occurred. Subgenus Drymocallis (Fourr.) Potentilla, Sect. Closterostyles T. & G., l.c. 445 Bootia Bigelow, FI. Bost. ed. 2, 206. 1826. Not Adans. 1763 Drymocallis Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon. II. 16: 371. 1868 14 Potentilla arguta Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 736. 1814 Tall or glandular cinquefoil Geum agrimonioides Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 351. 1814 Potentilla arguta Pursh, l.c. 736 Bootia sylvestris Bigel., l.c. P. confertiflora Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1: 449. 1824 Drymocallis agrimonioides Rydb. N. Am. FI. 22: 368. 1908 P. agrimonioides Farwell, Asa Gray Bui. 3 : 7. 1895. Not. Bieb. 1808 In rocky, gravelly or alluvial soil, often on dry or exposed rocky hills and ledges. Shores of Lake Champlain south to Long Island, but not reported from the Catskills or from the Mohawk valley, and rare in the Susquehanna region. Local throughout the St Lawrence basin in St Lawrence, Lewis and Jefferson counties, near Oneida lake and reported from the limestone region of LeRoy, Gene¬ see county, E. J. Hill (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 12. 1910) . COMARUM L. Sp. PI. 502. 1753 Comarum palustre L., l.c. Purple or marsh cinquefoil, purplewort Potentilla palustris Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, 1: 359. 1772 P. Comarum Nestler, Mon. Potent. 36. 1814 C. digitatum Raf. FI. Tellur. 2: 55. 1837 C. angustifolimn Raf., l.c. 56 In swamps and bogs. Common in the Adriondacks and central and northern New York. Less frequent southward to Dutchess and Delaware counties and westward to Lake Erie. Not reported from the Catskills. Var. villosa (Pers.) Lehm. Stirp. Pug. 9: 44. 1851 ( C . palustre var. villosum Pers. Syn. 2 : 58. 1807. C. tomentosum Raf. Aut. Bot. 170. 1840), with the leaves densely velvety on both sides, occurs in northern and western New York. DUCHESNIA J. E. Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. 10: 372. 1811 Duchesnia indica (Andr.) Focke, in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Fam. 33: 33. 1888 Mock or Indian strawberry Fragaria indica Andr. Bot. Rep. pi. 479. 1807 392 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In waste places. Infrequent or rare on western Long Island, Staten Island and at Syracuse. Naturalized or adventive from India. FRAGARIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 494. 1753 1 Fragaria vesca L., l.c. European wood or hedge strawberry F. vulgaris Ehrh. Beitr. 7: 21. 1792 In woods, fields and along roadsides. Frequent in cultivation and locally common as an escape or naturalized plant in many parts of the State. Origin of the “Alpine and perpetual strawberries,” and perhaps native northward. A form with white fruit, forma albicarpa Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 323. 1879; var. alba (Ehrh.) Rydb. Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2: 174. 1898), occurs locally and may be native. 2 Fragaria americana (Porter) Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 19: 222 1892 American wood strawberry F. vesca b. T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 : 448. 1840 F. vesca americana Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 17: 15. 1890 In rocky or dry woods. Common northward across the State, and westward to Lake Erie. Less frequent southward to West¬ chester county. This and the preceding species are very closely related. Both possess a reflexed calyx in fruit. The fruit of F. vesca is hemispheric; the fruit of F. americana is more ovoid or subconic, usually with a distinct neck, and the pubescence of the petioles more appressed than in F. vesca. 3 Fragaria virginiana Duchesne, Hist. Nat. Frais. 204. 1766 Virginia or scarlet strawberry F. vesca Walt. FI. Car. 150. 1788. Not L. F. elatior Raf. Atl. Jour. 152. 1832. Not Ehrh. 1793 F. terrac-novae Rydb. Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2: 182. 1898 In rather dry, usually fertile soil, of fields, meadows and open woods. Frequent or common throughout the State except the higher mountains and the coastal plain. Fragaria Grayana Vilmorin ; Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. LV. 8: 202. 1857. F. virginiana var. illinocnsis Prince ; A. Gray, Man. ed. 5> 155. 1867. Under this name are classified larger forms with firmer leaves and petioles rather densely hirsute. The original de¬ scription was made from cultivated specimens said to be from western New York. A few early varieties of cultivated strawberries, as crystal city, seem to be wholly or partly of F. virginiana origin. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 393 4 Fragaria ananassa Duchesne, Hist. Nat. Frais. 190. 1766 Pine strawberry F. grandiflora Ehrh. Beitr. 7: 25. 1792. Not Cranz. 1766 F. vesca ananas Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 212. 1789 F. chiloensis var. ananassa Hort. Apparently derived from the South American F. chiloensis Duchesne, or more probably derived as a hybrid between that and the European F. vesca L. Most of the common garden varieties of pine strawberries belong here. They are sometimes found as escapes or established about dwellings and along roadsides. 5 Fragaria Michauxiana House, Am. Mid. Nat. 7: 131. 1921 Northern wild strawberry F. canadensis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 299. 1803. Not Crantz. 1766 F. virginiana Eaton, Man. ed. 6, 148. in part. 1833. Not Duchesne ? F. scrotina Raf. Atl. Jour. 152. 1832 In fields, meadows and open woods. Common across the State northward, westward to Lake Erie and southward to Dutchess county, the Catskills and the Appalachian plateau of New York. This is the boreal representative ofF. virginiana, which has nearly subglobose fruit, while F. Michauxiana has oblong- conic fruit; thin, firm leaves, silky and usually glaucous beneath; leaflets oblong-obvate or cuneate and sharply serrate ; pubescence of the petioles and runners silky and spreading, usually becoming nearly glabrous with age; fruit only 6-7 mm thick and 1-1.25 cm long. SANGUISORBA (Rupp.) L. Sp. PI. 116. 1753 Sanguisorba canadensis L., l.c. American great burnet Poterium canadcnse A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 150. 1867 In swamps, bogs, low meadows and marshy shores. Scattered locally throughout the Adirondack region, chiefly on the shores of ponds, lakes and streams, westward to the St Lawrence river, Lewis and Jefferson counties, southward to the coastal marshes of Long Island and westward in the state to Tompkins, Madison, Seneca, Erie and Cattaraugus counties. POTERIUM L. Sp. PI. 944. 1753 Poterium Sanguisorba L., l.c. Garden or salad burnet, pimpernelle Sanguisorba minor Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, 1: no. 1772 S'. Sanguisorba Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 189. 1894 In dry or rocky soil and in ballast. Infrequent but reported as adventive or naturalized from many sections of the State. Native of Europe. 394 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM AGRIMONIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 448. 1753 1 Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Beitr. Bot. i1 : 49. 1842 Tall hairy agrimony A. Eupatoria Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 335. 1814 A. eupatoria hirsuta Muhl. ; W. Barton, FI. Phila. Prodr. 53. 1815 A. hirsuta Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 23: 509. 1896. Not Bong. 1842 In woods and thickets. Frequent or common across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks. 2 Agrimonia rostellata Wallr. l.c. 42 Woodland agrimony A. Eupatoria qlabra Muhl. ; W. Barton, l.c. 53 A. parviflora Seringe, in DC. Prodr. 2: 588. 1825. Not Soland. A. striata Bicknell, Torr. Gub Bui. 23: 512. 1896. Not Michx. In dry woods, southeastern part of the State. Infrequent. 3 Agrimonia Bicknellii (Kearney) Rydb. ; Bicknell in Torr. Club Bui. 38: 450. 1911 Bicknell’s agrimony A. mollis var., Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 23: 517. 1896 A. mollis var. Bicknellii Kearney, Torr. Club Bui. 24: 565. 1897 In moist woods and thickets. Rare. Vaughns, Washington county, Peck. Tappan, Rockland county, C. F. Austin. 4 Agrimonia striata Michx. FI. Bor. Arn. 1 : 287. 1803 Britton’s agrimony A. Brittoniana Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 23: 517. 1896 In moist or damp woods and thickets, or open places, chiefly in alluvial soil. Common in most sections of the State outside of the higher mountains. 5 Agrimonia pubescens Wallr., l.c. 45 Soft agrimony A. Eupatoria var. mollis T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 431. 1840 A. mollis Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 19: 221. 1892 In dry woods. Infrequent or local across the State south of the Adirondacks. More common southward in the lower Hudson valley, the Susquehanna region and across the southern part of the State. 6 Agrimonia parviflora Soland. in Ait. Plort. Kew. 2: 130. 1789 Many-flowered agrimony A. Eupatoria Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 287. 1803 A. suaveolens Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 336. 1814 A. serrifolia Wallr., l.c. 40 In moist or dry woods and thickets or moist openings. Infrequent or rare across the State from Rensselaer county westward. South¬ ward across the State becoming more common. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 395 WALDSTEINIA Willd. Neue Schr. Gesell. Nat. Fr. 2: 105. pi. 4. 1799 Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt. Ros. Mon. 3: 107. 1823 Barren or dry strawberry Dalibarda fragarioides Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 300. pi. 28. 1803 Comaropsis fragarioides Nestler, Monog. Potent. 8. 1816 Geum Waldsteinia Baillon, Hist. PI. 1: 377. 1869 In woods and on shaded hillsides, especially in open rocky woods. Frequent or common across the State, especially in the mountainous and hilly sections, south to Ulster, Columbia, Greene and Sullivan counties. Infrequent or rare in the southern tier of counties border¬ ing on Pennsylvania. GEUM L. Sp. PI. 500. 1753 1 Geum vernum (Raf.) T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 : 422. 1840 Spring avens, early water avens Stylipus vermis Raf. Neogent. 3. 1825 In moist shaded places. Infrequent from the Mohawk valley in Herkimer and Oneida counties westward and southward. Not uncommon in the western part of the State, and reported as adven- tive eastward in the vicinity of New York City. 2 Geum virginianum L. Sp. PI. 500. 1753 Rough avens, herb bennet G. laciniatum Murr. Novi Comm. Goett. 5: 30. 1775 Caryophyllata virginiana Lam. Encycl. 1: 399. 1783 Geum heterophyllum Desf. ; Seringe in DC. Prodr. 2: 550. 1825 Frequent or common in low grounds, moist thickets and in rich soil in open woods. Rare above 2000 feet in the Adirondacks and largely absent from the coastal plain of Long Island. 3 Geum canadense Jacq. Hort. Vind. 2: 82. 1773 White avens G. carolinianum Walt. FI. Car. 150. 1788 G. album J. F. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 861. 1791 Caryophyllata alba Moench, Meth. 660. 1794 Sieversia caroliniana G. Don. Gen. Syst. 2: 528. 1832 In shaded places, chiefly in moist thickets and open woods, some¬ times in shaded swamps. Common in most sections of the State except in the pine-barrens of Long Island. Var. camporum (Rydb.) Fernald & Weatherby, Rhodora 24: 49. 1922 G. camporum Rydb. N. Am. FI. 5: 403. 1913 396 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Flowers and fruiting heads mostly with 60-160 carpels (30—60 in canadense) ; leaves of thicker texture; plant stout, mostly over 4.5 dm tall. Rare in western New York and eastward to Utica, Haberer, and Menands, Albany county, Peck. According to Fernald & Weatherby (l.c. 50), “plants with the lower leaves pinnate (G. Meyerianum Rydb. N. Am. FI. 22: 403. 1913) occur in the typical form (of canadense ) and in varieties camporum and G r i m e s i i. The orginal G. agrimonioides C. Meyer (Ind. Sem. Petrop. 11: Suppl. 29. 1846, not Pursh, 1814), upon which G. Meyerianum is based, appears from the description to belong with typical G. canadense.” The follow¬ ing New York specimens have been referred to G. Meyerianum: Troy, Howe. Oneida, Madison county, House. Tuxedo, W. H. Lewis. Fleishman, Delaware county, Von Schrcnk. 4 G-eum hirsutum Muhl. Cat. 51. 1813 — Link, Enum. 2: 65. 1822 Cream-colored avens G. canadense Fischer & Trautv. Ind. Sem. Petrop. 3: 35. 1837 G. album flavum Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 16: 21. 1S89 G. canadense flavum Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 18: 270. 1891 G. flavum Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 23: 523. 1896 In woods and thickets. Infrequent or rare northward from Wash¬ ington county to Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. More abundant southward in the State. 6 Geum macrophyllum Willd. Enum. 557. 1S09 Large-leaved avens In low grounds. Rare in the northern Adirondacks. Not reported elsewhere in the State. 7 Geum strictum Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 217. 1789 Yellow avens G. canadense Murr. Novi Comm. Gott. 5: 33. 1775. Not Jacq. 1773 G. scopulorum Greene, Pittonia 4: 148. 1900 In low meadows, wet thickets and open sw7amps or marshes. Common across the State northward. Less frequent southward and rare on Long Island and Staten Island. 8 Geum rivale L. Sp. PI. 501. 1753 Purple or water avens G. nutans Crantz, Stirp. Austr. ed. 2, 70. 1769; Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 344. 1818 Carophyllata rivalis Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, x: 365. 1772 G. Raflucsqiteanum Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2, 1 : 683. 1841 In swamps, marshes and low wet meadows. Common across the State northward, and locally frequent westward to Lake Erie. Less common southward to the Hudson hi ghlands and rare in the Susque¬ hanna and Chemung valleys. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 2)97 x Geum aurantiacum Fries; Schentz, Nova Acta Soc. Sci. Upsal. III. 76: 30. 1870. G. rivale x strictum Rydberg, N. Am. FI. 22 : 407. 1913 Near North Elba, Essex county, Peck. SIEVERSIA Willd. Mag. Gesell. Nat. Berlin 5: 397. 1811 Erythrocoma Greene, Leaflets 1: 174. 1906 Sieversia triflora (Pursh) Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Jour. ed. 2, 749. 1823 Long-plumed purple avens Geum triflorum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 736. 1814 E. triflora Greene, l.c. 175 S. ciliata in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 2 : 273. 1913, as to the eastern plant A boreal and subalpine species, occurring in northern New York only near Watertown, Crawe (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 204. 1843; Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 76. 1865, etc). DALIBARDA L. Sp. PI. 491. 1753 Dalibarda repens L., l.c. Dalibarda, dewdrop, false violet Rubus Dalibarda L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 708. 1762 D. violaeoides Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 299. 1803 D. cor data Stephan, Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1 : 129. 1806 Rubus repens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 223. 1891 In moist, cool or shaded woods. Common across the State north¬ ward. Infrequent in the western counties and rare in the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. Local southward to Columbia county and the Catskill mountains of Ulster, Greene and Delaware counties. RUBUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 492. 1753 Subgenus Chamaemorus Chamaemorus (Clus.) Greene, Leaflets 1: 245. 1906 i Rubus Chamaemorus L. Sp. PI. 494. 1753 Cloudberry, knotberry Rubus nubis S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 585. 1821 C. anglica Clusius; Greene, l.c. C. Chamaermorus House, Am. Mid. Nat. 6: 206. 1920 An alpine-arctic species, found in this State only in an interesting outlying southern colony at Montauk Point, Long Island. See Torreya 12: 88. 1912. Subgenus B o s s e k i a Bossekia Neck. Elem. 2: 91. 1790 Rubacer Rydb. Torr. Club Bui. 30: 274. 1903 398 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Rubus odoratus L. Sp. PI. 494. 1753 Purple-flowering raspberry, thimbleberry R. grandiflorus Salisb. Prodr. 364. 1796 R. guinquelobus Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 142. 1812 Rubacer odoratum Rydb., l.c. Bossekia odorata Greene, Leaflets 1 : 210. 1906 In rocky woods and thickets, often along fence rows. Common throughout most sections of the State except on Long Island, where rare or local. Forma albiflorus House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 51. 1923, with white petals, has been collected at Pyrites, St Lawrence county, by Mrs 0. P. Phelps. Subgenus C y 1 a c t i s Cylactis Raf. Am. Jour. Sci. 1: 377. 1919. — Jour, de Phys. 89: 97. 1919 3 Rubus pubescens Raf. Med. Repos. (Ill) 2: 333. 1811 Dwarf red blackberry R. saxatalis canadensis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 298. 1803 R. saxatalis americanus Pers. Syn. 2: 52. 1806 Cylactis montana Raf. Am. Jour. Sci. 1 : 377. 1819 C. lyncemontana Raf. Jour, de Phys. 89: 97. 1819 R. triflorus Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Jour. ed. 2, 747. 1823 R. saxatalis Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 201. 1824. Not L. 1753 R. canadensis Torrey, FI. U. S. 1 : 483. 1824. Not L. 1753 R. americanus Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 185. 1894 In swamps, hogs and damp mossy woods. Common northward across the State and westward to Lake Erie. Less common or rare southward to Bronx county, and reported from Long Island. In the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania frequent only in the swamps of the higher hills. Forma roseiflorus (Peck) comb. nov. (R. americanus var. roseiilorus Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 89. 1899), with pink or rose-colored flowers, occurs in the Adirondacks. Subgenus B a t i d a e a B a t i d a e a (Dumort.) Greene, Leaflets 1 : 238. 1906 4 Rubus Idaeus L. Sp. PI. 492. 1753 European red raspberry Batidaca itascica Greene, l.c. 239 B. vulgaris Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 4: 70. 1915 In various horticultural forms common in cultivation, and uncom¬ mon or rare as an escape. The inflorescence is without glands or minute bristles ; prickles, when present, of the new canes strong and obviously broadened at the base. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 399 5 Rubus strigosus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. i : 297. 1803* Wild red raspberry R. pensilvanicus Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 6: 246. 1804 R. Idaeus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 346. 1814. Not L. R. Matsumuranus Leville & Vaniot, Bui. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 20: 135. 1909 R. Idaeus var. aculeatissimus Robinson & Fernald, in Gray, Man. ed. 7, 486. 1908 R. Idaeus, subsp. strigosus Focke, Spec. Rub. Part 2, 209. 1911 R. Idaeus var. strigosus Maxim. Bui. Acad. St. Petersb. 17: 161. 1872 Batidaea strigosa Greene, l.c. 238 In dry or rocky situations, often in recent clearings and “ burns.” Common northward across the State. Less frequent southward and apparently not native south of the Hudson highlands. Var. canadensis (Richards.) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243- 244 : 50. 1923 R. Idaeus var. canadensis Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Jour. ed. 2, 74 7. 1823 Batidaea subarctica Greene, l.c. 242 R. carolinianus Rydb. N. Am. FI. 22: 447. 1913 R. subarcticus Rydb., l.c. 448 Stephentown, Rensselaer county, Peck. North Elba, Essex county, Peck. Doubtless elsewhere across the State, especially northward and at rather high altitudes. A variety of the typical species with white or whitish fruit is * Fernald (Rhodora 21: 97. 1919) gives the following key to the varieties and forms of Rubus Idaeus (including strigosus) which will be of value to New York students in determining the distribution of them in this State. Inflorescence without glands or minute bristles; prickles, when present, of the new canes strong and obviously broadened at the base. R. Idaeus. Inflorescence bearing glands and minute bristles, new canes, except in an occasional prickleless form of var. strigosus, bearing slender bristles and often stipitate glands. Bark of new canes glabrous, or at most glaucous beneath the bristles, in age becoming lustrous Prickles mostly strong and obviously broadened at the base. var. aculeatissimus. Prickles, when present, bristle form and not much thickened at base. Leaves of new canes with oblong to ovate, acuminate leaflets ; of the fruiting canes with 3, rarely 5, similar but shorter leaflets. New canes bristly. var. strigosus. New canes without bristles. var. strigosus, f. tonsus. Leaves of the new canes with 3 short ovate to suborbicuiar round-tipped or blunt leaflets ; of the fruiting canes simple and rounded or at most 3-lobed. var. Egglestoni. Bark of the new canes cinereous-tomentulose beneath the prickles. Many of the prickles stout and broad based. Prickles all bristle form. var. heterolasius. var. canadensis. 400 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM described as R. strigosus var. albus Fuller (Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. 1582. 1902). Var. heterolasius (Fernald) Flouse, l.c. R. Idaeus var. heterolasius Fernald, l.c. 97 Big Moose Station, Herkimer county, Peck. Indian Pass, House. 6 Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim. Bui. Acad. St Petersb. 17: 160. 1872 Native of Japan and China. Sparingly escaped from cultivation on Long Island, near New York City, and rarely elsewhere. Subgenus Melanobatus Melanobatus Greene, Leaflets 1: 243. 1906 7 Rubus occidentalis L. Sp. PI. 493. 1753 Black raspberry R. Idaeus amerieanus, Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 196. 1827 In open woods, thickets, old fields and recent clearings. Common in most sections of the State except the pine-barrens of Long Island, and infrequent or rare above 1600 feet altitude in the Adirondacks. Var. flavobaccus Blanchard, Rhodora 7 : 146. 1905, with pale yellow, light yellow or amber-colored fruit, is rare as a native plant, but is frequent in cultivation under the horticultural names of white raspberry, kenrick, yellow cap, white cap, golden cap, summit, etc, 8 Rubus neglectus Peck, 22d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 53. 1869 Purple wild raspberry R. occidentalis x strigosus Rydb. N. Am. FI. 22: 443. 1913 In dry or rocky soil of open woods, fields and thickets. Infre¬ quent or occasional across the State, especially northward and outside the higher Adirondacks. Doubtless of hybrid origin. Said to be the original of the cultivated varieties: Carolina, Gladstone, Columbian, and others. Subgenus E u b a t u s (Rubus, proper).* 9 Rubus laciniatus Willd. Hort. Berol. pi. 82. 1807 Occasional in cultivation and escaped or established in south¬ eastern New York. Supposed to be native of Europe. 10 Rubus cuneifolius Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 347. 1814 Sand blackberry R. parvifolius Walt. FI. Car. 149. 1788. Not L. 1753 In sandy soil. Rare on Long Island and Staten Island. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 401 11 Rubus sativus (Bailey) Brainerd, Rhodora 2: 26. iqoo R. villosus sativus Bailey, Am. Gard. 11: 719. 1890 R. nigrobaccus sativus Bailey, Evol. Nat. Fr. 379. 1898 Open fields and thickets. Infrequent or rare from the upper Hudson valley westward and southward across the State, north of the coastal plain. 12 Rubus allegheniensis Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 23: 153. 1896 Mountain blackberry R. villosus Bigel. FI. Bost. 122. 1814. Not Thunb. 1784 R. villosus var. frondosus Torr. FI. N. Y. 1: 215. 1843 R. villosus montanus Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 17: 15. 1890 R. montanus Porter, l.c. 21: 120. 1894. Not Ortman, 1852 R. nigrobaccus Bailey, Evol. Nat. Fr. 379. 1896 In open woods and their borders. Locally abundant from Lake Champlain and Lake George westward and southward across the State, outside of the higher Adirondacks. Apparently rare or absent on much of the sandy coastal plain region. Hybrids are described with R. argutus, R. Baileyanus, R. canadensis, R, elegant ulus, R. pergratus, R. frondosus, R. flagellaris, R. hispidus, R. s e t o s u s , and R. vermontanus. 13 Rubus argutus Link. Enum. 2 : 60. 1822 Tall blackberry R. fruticosus Marsh. Arb. Am. 137. 1783. Not L., 1753 R. floricomus Blanchard, Am. Bot. 9: 106. 1905 R. villosus Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. ed. 1, 2: 202. 1906. Not Aiton Chiefly in dry soil of open woods and thickets. Frequent or com¬ mon across the State south of the Adirondack region. Hybrids are described with R. Baileyanus, R. cana¬ densis, R. cuneifolius, R. frondosus, R. Enslenii,R. hispidus, R. setos us, R. flagellaris, R. vermontanus and R. allegheniensis. * The blackberries of the northeastern United States, from a systematic point of view, present one of the most perplexing problems of botany. Hy¬ brids are extremely common and often difficult to distinguish, so much so that many of them have been treated as species. Rydberg’s work in the North American Flora (1913), is based almost entirely upon the study of herbarium material, blended with Bicknell’s excellent field studies made chiefly upon the coastal plain region and on the islands of Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard. Brainerd’s work (Brainerd and Peitersen), 1920, is based largely upon cultural experiments, observations and extensive field studies, chiefly in northern New England. The divergence of opinion in these two works is most remarkable. To one familiar with the blackberries in New York State north of the coastal plain, the work of Brainerd appears to present a higher degree of authority, and to approach most closely to a cor¬ rect presentation of facts. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 402 14 Rubus frondosus Bigelow, FI. Bost, eel 2, 199. 1824 Leafy-flowered blackberry R. recurvans Blanchard, Rhodora 6: 223. 1904 R. arundelanus Blanchard, Rhodora 8: 176. 1906 R. philadelphicus Blanchard, Torreya 7: 56. 1907 R. Brainerdii Rydb. N. Am. FI. 22: 467. 1913 On dry or stony soil, often in rocky woods. Frequent in the southeastern part of the State and on Long Island and Staten Island. Less frequent northward to Saratoga county and across the State westward. Hybrids are described with R. allegheniensis, R. argutus, R. canadensis, R. elegantulus, R. Baileyanus, R. flagellaris, R. Enslenii, R. setosus, R. hispidus and R. vermontanus. 15 Rubus pergratus Blanchard. Rhodora 8: 96. 1906 Short or square blackberry R. orarius Blanchard, l.c. 169 In mountainous or hilly woods and thickets. Infrequent or rare from Lake Champlain through the southern Adirondack's to Jefferson and Oswego counties and southward in the Catskills and the Hudson valley. Probably of wider distribution westward in the State. Hybrids are described with R. allegheniensis, R. flagel¬ laris, R. setosus, R. vermontanus, R. canadensis. 16 Rubus canadensis L. Sp. PI. 494. 1753 Millspaugh’s mountain or thornless blackberry R. villosus Randii L. H. Bailey; Rand & Redfield, FI. Mt Desert 04. 1894 R. argutus Randii L. H. Bailey, Evol. Nat. Fr. 385. 1898 R. Randii Rydb., in Britton, Man. 497. 1901 R. Millspaughii Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 18: 366. 1891 R. amabilis Blanchard, Rhodora 8: 173. 1906. Not Fooke, 1905 R. amicalis Blanchard, Rhodora 13: 56. 1911 In woods and thickets. Frequent or common northward across the State, apparently outside of the higher Adirondacks, southward to Long Island and Staten Island, and westward to Lake Erie. Rare or absent on the coastal plain. Hybrids are described with R. allegheniensis, R. argutus, R. frondosus, R. pergratus, R. elegantu¬ lus, R. sativus, R. flagellaris, R. setosus, R. hispidus, R. vermontanus, R. Baileyanus. 17 Rubus elegantulus Blanchard, Rhodora 8 ; 95. 1906 Showy-flowered or needle blackberry In woods and thickets. Infrequent from Lake Champlain through the eastern and southern Adirondacks, the Lake George region and ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 4O3 southward to Rensselaer county, westward to Hamilton, Jefferson and Oswego counties. Doubtless of somewhat wider distribution. Hybrids are described with R. allegheniensis, R. f ron¬ do s u s, R. canadensis, R. setosus, R. Vermont a- n u s. 18 Rubus Baileyanus Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5 : 185. 1894 Bailey’s blackberry R. villosus humifusus T. & G. N. Am. FI. 1: 455. 1840. Not R. humifusus Weihe, 1825 R. canadensis invisus Bailey, Am. Gard. 12: 83. 1891 R. invisus Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 279. 1893 — Rydb. N. Am. FI. 22: 471. 1913 In dry woods, thickets and fields. Frequent or locally common across the State outside of the Adirondacks. Hybrids are described with R. allegheniensis, R. argutus, R. frondosus, R. canadensis, R. flagellaris, R. Enslenii, R. setosus, R. hispidus. 19 Rubus flagellaris Willd. Enum. 549. 1809 Low running blackberry R. procumbens Muhl. (Cat. 50. 1813), Barton, Comp. FI. Phila. x: 233. 1818 R. canadensis T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 455. 1840. Not L. R. villosus Bailey, Evol. Nat. Fr. 371. 1898. Not Thunb. R. subuniflorus Rydb. in Britt. Man. 498. 1901 In dry or sandy soil, often in rocky places, in open woods, thickets and fields. Common across the State southward, and locally north¬ ward to Albany county, central New York and doubtless elsewhere. In the North American Flora, Rydberg maintains R. flagel¬ laris and R. procumbens as distinct species, but as Brainerd points out, R. flagellaris, the older name, is apparently only a more vigorous or luxuriant form, and the form which typical plants of R. procumbens assume when in culti¬ vation. Hybrids are described with R. allegheniensis, R. argutus, R. frondosus, R. pergratus, R. canadensis, R. Baileyanus, R. setosus, R. hispidus, R. Enslenii. 20 Rubus Enslenii Tratt. Ros. Monog. 3: 63. 1823 Enslen’s blackberry, dewberry In dry or sandy soil of open fields and thickets. Infrequent, local or rare in the southeastern part of the State, chiefly south of the Hudson highlands and on Long Island and Staten Island. Hybrids are described with R. argutus, R. frondosus, R. Baileyanus, R. flagellaris, R. hispidus, R. setosus. 404 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 21 Rubus setosus Bigelow, FI. Bost. ed. 2, 198. 1824 Northern bog blackberry R. hispidus var. suberectus Peck, N. Y. State Mus. 44th Rep’t 31. 1891 R. nigricans Rydb., in Britton, Man. 498, in part. 1901 ; N. Am. FI. 22 : 476. 1913 In low sandy swamps and margins of bogs. Common across the northern part of the State, especially throughout the Adirondack reeion. Infrequent, local or rare southward to Long Island and westward across the State. Hybrids are described with R. allegheniensis, R. argutus, R. frond osus, R. pergratus, R. cana¬ densis, R. elegantulus, R. Baileyanus, R. flagellaris, R. Enslenii, R. sativus, R. hispidus and R. vermontanus. 22 Rubus vermontanus Blanchard, Am. Bot. 7:1. 1904 Vermont blackberry R. nigricans Rydb. in Britton, Man. 498, in part. 1901, not as amended in the N. Am. FI. 22: 476. 1913 R. nigricans Robinson & Fcrnald, in Gray, Man. ed. 7, excl. all syn. except R. vermontanus. 1908 R. peculiaris Blanchard, Rhodora 8: 174. 1906 In low grounds. Infrequent in the northeastern part of the State, especially along Lake Champlain and in Washington county, and locally westward into the eastern and southern Adirondacks. Per¬ haps of wider distribution. Hybrids are described with R. allegheniensis, R. argutus, R . frond osus, R . pergratus, R . cana¬ densis, R. elegantulus, and R . setosus. 23 Rubus hispidus L. Sp. PI. 493. 1753 Hispid or running swamp blackberry R. obovalis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 298. 1803 R. obovatus Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 570. 1821. Not Pers. 1806 R. sempervirens Bigelow, FI. Bost. ed. 2, 201. 1824 In swamps or low grounds, rarely in drier soil. Common or frequent across the State, except in some portions of the Adirondack region, particularly at high elevations. Hybrids are described with R. allegheniensis, R. argutus, R. frond os us, R. canadensis, R. Baileyanus, R . flagellaris, R . Enslenii, R . setosus. Rubus heterophyllus Willd., is included by Rydberg, in the N. Am. FI. as a valid species. R. geophilus Blanchard, is given as a synonym. Brainerd and Pietersen (Vt. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 217 : 79. 1920), place this as a synonym of Rubus Baileyanus x flagellaris, including here also the synonym R . i n v i s u s ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 405 (Bailey) Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 4: 115. 1893, not Britton, in Torr. Club Bui. 20: 279. 1893, which latter, Brainerd places as a synonym of R. Bailey anus. ROSA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 491. 1753* 1 Rosa setigera Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 295. 1803 Prairie rose, climbing rose In thickets and open woods, more rarely in open places. Infrequent across the State south of the Adirondacks. West Albany, Peck (38th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 107. 1885). Rochester, Booth, Clinton; Buffalo; Oak Orchard creek near Albion, Clinton (19th Rep’t Regents 107. 1866). Banks of Genesee river; Brighton; Irondequoit and in Wayne county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 62. 1896). Oneida, Madison county, Maxon. 2 Rosa rubifolia R. Br. ; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 3 : 260. 1811 R. kcntukensis Raf. Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 5: 213. 1820 R. setigera tomentosa T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 458. 1840 Reported as rare in the western part of New York. Definite records are lacking. 3 Rosa gallica L. Sp. PI. 492. 1753 Native of Europe and sparingly naturalized or escaped from culti¬ vation in this State. This species is the origin of a number of ornamental varieties: Var. Agatha Thory; Var. incarnata (Mill.) Voss.; Var. macrantha Hort.; Var. provincialis (Mill.), which includes var. officinalis Thory; Var. pumila Jacq. (the Rosa austriaca of Crantz) ; Var. centifolia (L.) Regel; Var. muscosa (Ait.) Ser. ; the moss rose, occasional as an escape, or persistent in old grounds, and formerly very common in cultivation; Var. cristata Curt., and Var. pomponia Nouv. Duh., which has also been reported as established in this State. 4 Rosa rubiginosa L. Mant. 564. 1771 Sweetbrier R. suaveolens Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 346. 1814 Native of Europe and central Asia. Common in cultivation and frequently escaped to roadsides, etc. 5 Rosa micrantha Borrer ; Smith, Engl. Bot. pi. 2490. 1813 Native of Europe and rarely escaped from cultivation in this State. * The treatment here according to the genus Rosa, follows for the most part Rydberg’s monograph of the genus in the North American Flora (Vol. 22. 1918), modified as regards distribution and abundance of the species by the material in the state herbarium. It is quite evident that in this genus too much stress has been placed upon herbarium material, with little of no knowledge regarding the variations or possible hybridity of the species, as they occur in the field. A more critical study of the genus, based upon careful cultural experiments and more extensive field study, will undoubtedly alter to quite an extent, the present conception of the genus. 406 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6 Rosa canina L, Sp. PL 491. 1753 Dog rose, wild brier R. flexuosa Raf. Prec. Dec. 35. 1814 R. Rafinesquiana Tratt. Ros. Monog. 2: 254. 1823 In waste places and old fields or neglected grounds, and especially along roadsides. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. 7 Rosa palustris Marsh. Arb. Am. 135. 1785 Swamp, or wild rose R. Carolina L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 703. 1762 ; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 2: 285. 1913- Not L. 1753 R. pennsylvanica Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 296. 1803 R. caroliniana Bigel. FI. Bost. 121. 1814 R. hudsonica Thory; Redoute, Ros. 1: 95. 1817 R. clegans Raf. Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 5: 214. 1820. Not Salib. 1799 R. salicifolia Redoute, Roses 3: 121. 1823 In swamps and low grounds. Frequent or common across the State. 8 Rosa gemella Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 1 : 544. 1809 Apparently restricted in distribution in this State to Long Island and Staten Island. Bay side of Staten Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 380. 1915). South Beach, Staten Island, Burnham. New Dorp, Kearney. East- port, Schrenk. 9 Rosa nanella Rydberg. N. Am. FI. 22 : 497. 1918 Ill sand dunes along the coast of Long Island. Rare. Peconic River, Taylor. Oak Island, Taylor. Smith’s point, Fire Island, E. L. Morris. 10 Rosa virginiana Mill. Card. Diet. ed. 8, No. 10, 1768 Low or pasture rose R. carolinensis Marsh. Arb. Am. 135. 1785 R. blanda Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 202, in part. 1789 R. lucida Ehrh. Beitr. 4: 22. 1789 R. pennsylvanica Andr. Roses pi. 101. 1828 In dry or rocky soil. Frequent or common across the State out¬ side of the higher Adirondacks. 11 Rosa, Lyoni Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 345. 1814 Lyon’s rose In fields and thickets, chiefly in the southeastern, central and western parts of the State. Infrequent. 12 Rosa obovata Raf. Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 5: 217. 1820 In fields, thickets and open woods, southeastern part of the State chiefly in the Hudson highlands and Catskill mountains, on Long Island and westward to Tompkins county. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 407 13 Rosa Carolina L. Sp. PI. 492. 1733 Low pasture rose R. humilis Marsh. Arb. Am. 136. 1785 R. parviflora Ehrh. Beitr. 4: 21. 1789 R. pennsylvanica Wangenh. Beitr. Nordam. Holz. 113. 1787 R. caroliniana Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 295. 1803 R. pratensis Raf. Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 5: 215. 1820 R. virginiana humilis C. K. Schneid. Handb. Laubh. 1 : 570. 1906 R. virginiana Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 2: 285. I9J3 Not Mill. 1768 In dry or rocky soil. Frequent or common across the State out¬ side of the higher Adirondacks. A hybrid between R. Carolina and R. palustris, has been collected in central New York and on Long Island. 14 Rosa serrulata Raf. Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 5: 218. 1820 In dry or rocky soil on the hills and highlands of the lower Hud¬ son valley and the Catskill mountains. 15 Rosa Bicknellii Rydberg, N. Am. FI. 22: 500. 1918 In dry soil along the coast of Long Island. Rare. Long Beach, East Rockaway and Lawrence, Bicknell. Lone Hill and Peconic river, Taylor. 16 Rosa acicularis Lindl. Ros. Monog. 44. 1820 Prickly rose R. Sayi Schw. in Keating, Narr. Exp. Long 2: 388. 1824 R. stricta Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12: 324. 1875 R. Engelmanni S. Wats. Gard. & For. 2: 376, in part. 1889 Rocky woods and fields. Washington and Essex counties. Westport, Peck (46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 19. 1893). Gris¬ wold’s Mills, Burnham (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 94: 42. 1905). 17 Rosa rugosa Thunb. FI. Jap. 213. 1784 Native of China and Japan, and occasional as an escape from cultivation. Several horticultural varieties and hybrids are known. 18 Rosa subblanda Rydberg, N. Am. FI. 22: 509. 1918 R. blanda Jacq. Fragm. pi. 107. 1809. Not Ait. 1789 R. fraxinifolia Lindl. Ros. Monog. 26, in part. 1820 R. blanda glabra Crepin, Bui. Soc. Bot. Belg. 15: 33. 1876 In fields, thickets and low grounds, usually in moist rocky situa¬ tions. Infrequent or rare, but widely distributed across the State north of the coastal plain. Perhaps only a smooth form of the fol¬ lowing species. 19 Rosa blanda Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 202. 1789 Smooth or meadow rose R. Solanderi Tratt. Ros. Monog. 2: 150. 1823 R. blanda pubescens Crepin, l.c. 408 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In moist rocky places. Frequent or common across the State north of the coastal plain of Long Island. 20 Rosa spinosissima L. Sp. PI. 491. 1753 Cinnamon rose R. cinnamonea L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1062. 1759. Not L. 1753 Native of Europe and northern Asia. Frequent in cultivation and occasionally escaped or established. Several varieties and hybrids are known, including Var. altaica (Willd.) Thorv ; var. mitissima W. D. Koch, and Var. myriacantha (DC.) W. D. Koch. 21 Rosa pimpinellifolia L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1063. 1759 Scotch rose R. spinosissima L. Sp. PI. 491, in part. 1753 R. lutescens Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 735. 1814 R. illinoiensis Baker ; Willm. Gen. Rosa 1 : 243. 1910 R. hispida Sims, in Bot. Mag. t. 1570. Native of Europe and occasionally escaped from cultivation in this State. Family 53 MALACEAE Small, FI. SE. U. S. 529. 1903 (Pomaceae L. Phil. Bot. ed. 2, 24, 36. 1754) Apple family SORBUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 477. 1753 1 Sorbus americana Marsh. Arb. Am. 145. 1785 * American mountain ash S. microcar.pa Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 341. 1814 Pyrus americana DC. Pr.odr. 2: 637. 181015 In low woods or moist slopes. Common northward across the State, and throughout the Adirondack and Catskill mountains. Less common or local southward to Westchester county, the upper Sus- *Sorbus americana x (Aronia) melanocarpa C. K. Schneider (Handb. Laubh. 1: 6 77. 1906) Mespilus sorbifolia Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 73. 1816 x Aronia Watsoniana Roem. Syn. Monogr. 3: 159. 1847 Sorbus Sargentii Dippel, Handb. Laubh. 3: 377. 1893 Aronia Sargentii Zabel, Handb. Laubh. 193. 1903 Pyrus americana x melanocarpa Aschers. & Graebn. Syn. 62: no. 1906 This hybrid seems to have been known in European gardens from a very early date, and has been known to occur spontaneously there, but seems not to have been recorded as occurring in this country where both of the parent species are native. Sorbus americana x (Aronia) arbutifolia C. K. Schneider (l.c.) S. monstrosa C. K. Schneider, l.c. Aronia monstrosa Zabel, l.c. Pyrus americana x arbutifolia Aschers. & Graebn., l.c. no Like the preceding hybrid, known only in Europe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 409 quehanna valley, and westward to the upland swamps of Tompkins, Yates, Wyoming and Erie counties. 2 Sorbus dumosa Greene, Pittonia 4: 129. 1900 Northern mountain ash .S', scopulina, and .S', subvestita Greene, l.c. 130 S. sambucifolia and S. sitchensis of N. Y. Reports Pyrus dumosa Fernald, Rhodora 23: 266. 1922 Y. decora Schneider, Bui. Herb. Boiss II. 6: 313. 1906 S. americana var. decora Sarg. Man. N. Am. Trees, Ed. 2, 391. 1922 In moist ground on the subalpine mountain slopes and summits of northern New York. Rare. Mount Marcy, Mount McIntyre, and Peck Pass, Peck (28th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 46. 1876 ; 52d Rep’t 662. 1899; N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28:92. 1899). Doctor Greene distinguished the eastern American form of this species as Sorbus subvestita (described from Minnesota) , but Britton & Brown (Illus. FI. ed. 2, 2 : 287. 1913), unite the eastern and western forms under the name of Sorbus scopulina, described from New Mexico. The plant is called Pyrus sitchensis in Gray’s Manual, ed. 7, 1908. Fernald (Rhodora 23:266. 1922), takes up Sorbus dumosa Greene (described from Arizona), as the prior name (it has only page priority over S. subvestita) for this species which appears to extend westward to the Rocky mountains. 3 Sorbus Aucuparia L. Sp. PI. 477. 1753' Rowan tree, European mountain ash Frequent in cultivation and rare as an escape or as an established species in some localities. PYRUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 479. 1753 Pyrus communis L., l.c. Pear, choke pear In thickets and woods. Rare or local as an escape from cultiva¬ tion. Many improved or horticultural varieties are common in cultivation. MALUS Mill. Gard. Diet. Abr. ed. 4. 1754 1 Malus baccata (L.) Borck. Handb. Forstbot. 2: 1280. 1800-03 Siberian crab apple Pyrus baccata L. Mant. 1 : 7 5. 1767 Common, at least in the form of various horticultural varieties, in cultivation, and rarely escaped. Malus floribundus Sieb., the flowering crab, common as an ornamental shrub or small tree, is rarely found as an escape or long persistent about old grounds. 4io NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Malus glaucescens Rehder, Trees & Shrubs 2: 139. 1911 American wild crab apple In thickets. Herkimer and Oneida counties westward to Lake Erie and southward to Broome county. Rare along the eastern part of its range, becoming more common westward. It is in part the Mains coronaria and Pyrus coronaria of N. Y. Reports. 3 Malus fragrans Rehder, Trees & Shrubs 2: 228. 1913 Fragrant wild crab apple Pyrus coronaria DuRoi, Harbk. Baumz. 2: 229. 1772; Marsh. Arb. Am. 118. 1785; Sarg. Silva 4: 71. t. 167. Not L. Malus coronaria Moench, Meth. 682. 1794; Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. 2: 235. f. 1979. Not Mill In open woods and thickets. Seneca and Ontario counties west¬ ward and southward. The true Malus coronaria is said by Rehder, not to occur in New York. Var. elongata Rehder, l.c. 229. Reported from Canandaigua, Seneca Junction, Salamanca, Clean, and South Buffalo. 4 Malus Malus (L.) Shafer. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 1 : 47. 1901 Apple, Scarb- or wilding-tree Pyrus Malus L. Sp. PI. 479. 1753 Malus sylvestris Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. No. 1. 1768 In woods and thickets. Frequent or common in many sections of the State. Native of Europe and Asia. ARONIA Medic. Phil. Bot. 140. 1789* Adenorachis (DC.) Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 4: 93. 1915 I Aronia atropurpurea Britton, Man. 517. 1901 * * Purple-fruited chokeberry Pyrus arbutifolia var. atropurpurea Robinson, Rhodora 10: 33. 1908 Adenorachis atropurpurea Nieuwl. l.c. 94 ♦According to Nieuwland, the name Aronia Medicicus, is invalidated for use by the earlier publication of Aronia Mitchell in 1769, a name equivalent to Orontium L. The Index Kewensis gives 1748 as the date of publication of Mitchell’s Aronia. If Mitchell’s Aronia was properly published in 1769, it would invalidate Aronia Medicus, in which case the name proposed as a subgenus by DeCan- dolle and raised to generic rank by Nieuwland should probably be used. Sev¬ eral generic names have been proposed, Hahnia Medic., Asarolus Borkh, etc., which include our species of Aronia. 'but apparently none of them based upon species congeneric with our plants, here referred to Aronia Medic. ** Aronia arbutifolia x melanocarpa (A. arbutifolia x nigra Koehne ; Pyrus arbutifolia x melanocarpa Aschers. & Graebn. ; Pyrus floribunda Lindl. Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 230. 1827-Bot. Reg. pi. 1006; Aronia floribunda Spach), apparently well-known in European gardens should be looked for in this country. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 41 I In low or wet grounds and and in shaded swamps. Infrequent across the State northward outside of the higher Adirondacks. Rare in the western counties. More common southward toward and along the coastal region. 2 Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers. Syn. 2: 39. 1809 Red chokeberry Mcspilus arbutifolia L. Sp. PI. 478. 1753 Pyrus arbutifolia L. f. Suppl. 256. 1781 M. arbutifolia var. erythrocarpa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 292. 1803 Adenorachis arbutifolia Niemvl., l.c. 94 In swamps and wet woods. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State, except the higher Adirondacks. 3 Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Britton; in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 2: 291. 1913 Black chokeberry Mcspilus arbutifolia var. nigra Willd. Sp. PI. 2: 1013. 1800 M. arbutifolia var. melanocarpa Michx. l.c. 292 Pyrus melanocarpa Willd. Enum. 525. 1809 Pyrus nigra Sargent, Gard. & For. 3: 416. 1890 A. arbutifolia var. melanocarpa Torr. FI. U. S. 1: 476. 1824 A. nigra Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 182. 1894 Adenorachis melanocarpa Nieuwl., l.c. 94 In swamps and low woods, often in sandy barrens or on rocky exposed places. Common throughout the State. AMELANCHIER Medic. Phil. Bot. 1 : 155. T7R9 1 Amelanchier canadensis (L) Medic. Geschichte 79 1793 Common june berry, service berry Mcspilus canadensis L. Sp. PI. 478. 175.3 Pyrus Botryapium L. f. Suppl. 2.55. 1781 Amelanchier Botryapium DC. Prodr. 2: 632. 1805 A. canadensis var. Botryapium T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 : 473. 1840 In dry or moist woodlands. Common throughout most sections of the State. 2 Amelanchier laevis Wiegand, Rhodora 14: 154. 1912 Smooth or northern service berry A. canadensis T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 473. 1840, and largely or in part of subsequent authors, at least as to glabrous forms of A. canadensis, so-called. In woods and thickets. Frequent across the State northward and throughout the central highlands of the State, the Catskills and the highlands of the Hudson valley, southward on the Appalachian plateau. 3 Amelanchier oblongifolia (T. & G.) Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syst. Rosifl. 147. 1847 Southern swamp shadbush 412 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Mcspilus canadensis obovalis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 291. 1803 Pyrus ovalis Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 340. 1814. Not Willd. A. canadensis var. oblongifolia T. & G., l.c. A. obovalis Ashe, Bot. Gaz. 35: 434. 1903 A. canadensis var. obovalis Sargent, Silva 4: 129. 1892 In sandy barrens or swamps, chiefly on the coastal plain region in Westchester county, Long Island and Staten Island. Locally north¬ ward to Albany county, the sandy sections of central New York and the Ontario lowlands. 4 Amelanchier intermedia Spach, Hist. Veg. 2 : 85. 1834 Northern swamp shadbush In sandy swamps, moist or sterile rocky or sandy soil. Locally common across the State northward outside of the higher Adiron- dacks, southward to Long Island. The leaves of A. oblongifolia are said by Wiegand to be oblong, obtuse or acute, not “ laevis-like,” becoming subglabrate, not reddish when young, teeth fine, close ; sepals narrowly deltoid, erect-spread¬ ing ; fruit dark, juicy. The same author distinguishes A. intermedia, as having leaves ob¬ long, acute, those of the shoots more “ laevis-like,” becoming sub¬ glabrate, often reddish when young, teeth fine, but more distant ; sepals narrowly deltoid, irregularly recurved; fruit dark, juicy. Range more Alleghanian and Piedmont, in bogs. From the description of the fruit given by Rafinesque, his Malus microcarpa (Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 206. Jan. 1818), may be the same as Amelanchier inter¬ media: ‘‘Arborescent, petioles round and pubescent : leaves elliptical acuminate serrulate, base cordate, pubescent above, tomentose beneath ; flowers race¬ mose, pedicels biglandular ; fruits globular, red. — Obs. A fine new tree, 15 to 25 feet high, which grows on the banks of brooks, near Fishkill, Newburgh, Catskill, &c. It is a real wild apple tree since the styles are united at the base and the fruit not turbinate, that fruit is smaller than a cherry, entirely red when ripe, and very good to eat ; it ripens in June and July; the flowers blossom in April and May. The branches and twigs are reddish brown, the upper part of the ovary is woolly, as well as the margin of the calyx, whose divisions are ovate acute reflexed.” Amelanchier nantucketensis Bicknell (Torr. Club Bui. 37: 433 19 1 1 ) , is regarded by Wiegand as a hybrid between Am. oblongifolia and Am. stolonifera. A similar form from eastern and southern New England is described by Robinson (Rhodora 10: 33. 1908) as Am. oblongifolia var. micropetala. It is also regarded by Wiegand as a hybrid. 5 Amelanchier stolonifera Wiegand. Rhodora 14: 144. 1912 A. spicata and A. oblongifolia of N. Y. reports in part In sandy or drv rocky places. Locally common across the State south of and outside of the Adirondack region, especially in the sandy regions of the eastern Adirondacks, Albany, Lewis, Oneida ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 413 and St Lawrence counties, and southward to Long Island, westward on the Ontario lowlands. 6 Amelanchier humilis Wiegand, Rhodora 14: 141. 1912 On rocks and ledges, usually on limestone. Infrequent from Rens¬ selaer county and the Helderberg mountains of Albany county south¬ ward to the Hudson highlands and westward to St Lawrence, Onon¬ daga, Tompkins and Genesee counties. 7 Amelanchier amabilis Wiegand, Rhodora 23: 48. 1921 A. sanguinca forma grandi flora Wiegand, Rhodora 14: 139. 1912 A. sanguined var. grandiflora Rehder, Standard Cyclop. Hort. 1: 272. 1914 A. grandiflora Wiegand, Rhodora 22: 149. 1920. Not Rehder On crests and ledges of shale and calcareous formations, Albany county westward to Niagara county. Indian Ladder, Albany county, House. Cooperstown Junction, Hunnewell (Rhodora 23: 72. 1921). Tompkins, Livingston, Gene¬ see and Niagara counties, Wiegand (Rhodora 22: 150. 1920). 8 Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC. Prodr. 2: 633. 1825 Round-leaved june berry Mespilus canadensis var. rotundifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 291. 1803 Pyrus sanguinca Pursh, FI. Am., Sept. 340. 1814 Aronia sanguinca Nutt. Gen. 1: 306. 1818 Am. rotundifolia Roem. Syn. Mon. 3: 146. 1847 rim. canadensis var. rotundifolia T. & G., l.c. 473 Am. spicata Robinson & Fernald. in Grav’s Man. ed. 7, 460. 1908 (probably net Crataegus spicata Lam.) Pyrus ovalis Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Jour. 1823, doubtfully of Willd. In woods and thickets, often on rocky slopes, ledges, exposed ridges or along rocky streams and shores of lakes and ponds, often in poor or sterile soil. Common in the Adirondack region and across the State northward. Less frequent southward on the higher hills of Washington and Rensselaer counties, the Helderberg and Catskill mountains and westward on the highlands of central and western New York. 9 Amelanchier Bartramiana (Tausch) Roem. Fam. Nat. Syst. Rosif. 145. 1847 Oblong-fruited june berry Mespilus canadensis var. oligocarpa Michx., l.c. 291 Pyrus Bartramiana Tausch, Flora 21 : 715. 1838 Am. oligocarpa Roem., l.c. Am. canadensis var. oligocarpa T. & G., l.c. 473 Am. arguta Nutt., in Britton, Man. Ed. 3, 1076. 1907 In mountainous swamps. Common throughout the Adirondack region and locally common across the northern part of the State, southward to Washington, Fulton, Herkimer and Lewis counties. 414 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Within its range apparently hydridizes with Am. sanguined and Am. canadenis, and perhaps also with Am. laevis. CRATAEGUS L. Sp. PI. 475. 1753 (By W. W. Eggleston) Index to specific names in Crataegus Names in heavy face type are recognized as valid species. Names in italics are regarded as synonyms. acclivis, 31 acerba, 20 acuminata, 16 admiranda, 35 affinis, 34 albicans, 31 alnorum, 18 ambrosia, 34 amoena, 20 anomala, 27 apposita, 9 arcana, 20 arduennae, 2 aridula, 24 aristata, 20 Arnoldiana, 32 ascendens, 15 asperifolia, 34 Balkwillii, 34 barbara, 4 Barryana, 23 basilica, 18 Baxteri, 6 beata, 23 Bcckiana, 35 Bcckivithac, 22 bella, 16 benigna, 16 biltmorcana, 7 Bisscllii, 9 Blanchardi, 12 Boothiana, 16 Boyntoni, 6 brachyloba, 34 Brainerdi, 34 brcvipcs, 20 bronxcnsis, 20 Brownictta, 5 cacsariata, 11 calpodendron, 37 Calvinii, 37 casta, 20 celsa, 37 cerasina, 2 champlainensis, 33 Chapmani, 37 chatcaugaycnsis, 11 chrysocarpa, 11 Claytoniana, 16 Clintoniana, 5 coccinea L., 30 coccinca Sarg. 11 coccinea Eggl. 7 coccinoides, 28 cognata, 20 colorata, 16 comans, 37 compta, 23 conferta, 34 congestiflora, 23 conjuncta, 20 conspccta, 28 conspicna, 35 contigua, 16 contortifolia, 33 Cornellii, 9 crocata, 3 cruda, 23 crus-galli L. 2 crus- galli Mill. 37 cuneiformis, 4 cupulifcra, 34 Dayana, 31 deltoides, 21 dclucida, 16 dcmissa, 16 desueta, 3 Deweyana, 34 Dewingii, 5 diffusa, 23 dilatata, 28 dissociabilis, 16 dissona, 20 diver gens, 1 1 diver sa, 37 Dodgei, 1 1 Dunbarii, 34 durobrivensis, 28 Eastmaniana. 20 Eatoniana, 34 Edsoni, 18 cffcrata, 36 Ec/gertii, 28 Egglestoni, 34 Elhvangeriana, 30 cxclusa, 29 exornata, 23 fallsiana, 34 Faxoni, 11 fcrcntaria, 35 filipes, 22 finitima, 36 flabellata, 17 flagrans, 35 floridula, 16 fluviatalis, IS foetid a, 6 foliata, 23 formosa, 20 frutescens, 36 fuc at a, 15 Fulleriana, 30 gemmosa, 36 gcneseensis, 2 gcnialis, 16 Gilbcrtiana, 30 glaucophylla, 16 glorinsa, 30 gracilipcs, 16 gracilis, 24 Gravcsii, 11 Grayana, 17 Habereri, 30 Hadleyana, 30 Halliana, 35 Harry i, 16 hclderbergensis, 2 Holmesiana, 26 honeoyensis, 36 Howcana, 20 hudsonica, 20 Huntiana, 33 hystricina, 34 ignea, 16 illuminata, 11 implicata, 16 incisa, 25 inopinata, 34 insignata. 16 intricata Lange, 7 intricata Sarg. 9 inusitula, 22 irrasa var. Blanchardi, T2 iter at a, 30 Jesupi, 25 Knciskerniana, 16 Lanryi, 34 latiflora, 30 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 415 latisepala, 20 pausiaca, 4 scabrida, 34 leiophylla, 24 Peckictta, 34 scitula, 20 Lennoniana, 20 Peckii, 8 seclnsa, 30 leptopoda, 16 pedicillata, 30 sejnncta, 30 Letchworthiana, 31 pelacris, 20 sequax, 22 limosa, 30 pellecta, 20 simulans, 35 Living stoniana, 20 pentandra, 16 singularis, 34 lobulata, 29 perrara, 30 Slavinii, 23 longipedunculata, 24 persimilis, 2 Smithii, 10 lucorum, 14 perspicabilis, 30 sonncnbergensis, 33 luminosa, 18 pisifera, 36 spati folia, 15 Macauleyae, 13 placiva, 23 spinea, 36 macera, 20 plana, 20 spinifera, 34 macrantha, 35 polita, 31 spissa, 16 macrocalyx, 23 populifolia, 20 spissiflora, 30 macrosperma, 16 populnea, 19 stcubcncnsis, 14 Maineana, 24 praecoqua, 11 stolonifera, 19 maligna, 11 praccox, 11 Stonei, 8 Maribella, 30 premora, 7 straminea, 9 matura, 16 Pringlei, 29 Streeterae , 16 mellita, 16 pro c era, 20 strigosa, 23 menandiana, 3 Proctoriana, 16 structilis, 37 michiganensis, 36 prominens, 20 suavis, 16 microspcrma, 35 promissa, 23 submollis, 33 misella, 34 pruinosa, 20 suborbiculatn, 5 modesta, 7 prunifolia, 38 succulenta, 35 monogyna, 1 puberis, 16 tardipes, 26 nemcrosa, 25 pulchra, 23 Tatnalliana, 33 neobaxteri, 1 1 punctata, 3, 37 tenclla, 16 neofluvialis, 36 radians, 30 tenuifolia, 26 nescia, 15 radiata, 20 tenuiloba, 16 notabilis, 5 ramosa, 24 tomentosa L., 37 noveboracensis, 12 recta, 16 tomentosa DuRoi, 37 nunierosa, 25 repulsans, 34 tomentosa Eggl., 10 oblita, 20 rhombifolia, 35 tomentosa Emerson, 33 oblongifolia, 27 roanensis, 15 tortuosa, 23 obstipa, 20 Robbinsiana, 22 truculenta, 35 ogdensburgensis, 35 Robesoniana, 30 nnc t a, 23 opulens, 22 robusta, 2 uniflora, 10 ornata, 16 rotundifolia, 1 1 urbica, 27 ovatifolia, 23 rubicunda, 16 uticacnsis, 30 oxyacantha, 1 rubrocarnea, 34 venustula, 35 Paineana, 16 rubrolutea, 20 verecunda, 9 pallescens, 30 rngosa, 21 verrucalis, n parviflora, 16 russata, 20 villipes, 26 parvifolia, 10 rustica, 21 vivida, 30 Pastorum, 16 Saundersiana, 5 xanthophylla, 23 Oxycanthae Loud. 1 Crataegus monogyna Jacq. FI. Aust. 3 : 50. pi 292. f. 1. 1775 Hawthorn, white or may thorn Common in cultivation. Flowers white or pink, sometimes double- flowered. Sparingly escaped from cultivation. Sometimes reported as C. oxyacantha. Crus-gall i Loud. 2 Crataegus crus-galli L. Sp. PI. 476. 1753 Cock-spur thorn, Newcastle thorn C. arducnnac Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 35: 377. 1903 C. genesecnsis Sarg. Bui. N. Y. State Mus. 122 : 27 1908 416 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Chiefly in sandy soil. Albany, Crown Point, Ticonderoga. Hem¬ lock lake, Rochester and Rensselaer. The recognized varieties are: var. prunifolia (Poir.) T. & G., FI. N. Am. i: 464. 1840 ( Mcspilus prunifolia Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Meth. 4: 443. 1797). Var. pyracanthifolia Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 170. 1788. Var. rubens Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167: 75. 1913. Crataegus crus-galli x succulenta Eggl. N. Y. Mus. Bui. 243-244: 63. 1923 C. persimilis Sarg. Proc. Roeh. Avad. 4: 91. 1903 C. helderbergensis Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 49. 1906 C. robusta Sarg., l.c. 122: 28. 1908 C. cerasina Sarg., l.c. 122: 29. 1908 Known from Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Rochester, Hemlock lake, and at Thompson’s lake, Albany county. Punctatae Loud. 3 Crataegus punctata Jacq. Hort. Vind. 1 : 10. t. 28. 1770 Large- fruited or white thorn, dotted haw C. dcsueta Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122 : 84. 1908 In moist or rich soil, chiefly along streams, shores of ponds, lakes and bottom-lands. Common across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks. Westport, Edwards, Rossie, Clayton, Sylvan Beach, Peterboro, Portage, Olean, Coopers Plains, Rochester, Lewis Point on Oneida Lake, Albany, Menands. Var. aurea Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 170. 1789 ( C . crocata Ashe, Ann. Carneg. Mus. 1: 389. 1902). Albany and Menands, Albany county, and at Rossie, St Lawrence county. Var. canescens Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 21 : 231. 1894. Rare near Rensselaer (North Greenbush), Peck. Crataegus punctata x succulenta Eggleston, l.c. C. mcnandiana Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 68. 1906 Menands, Albany county, Peck. 4 Crataegus cuneiformis (Marshall) Eggleston, in Dearn, Forestry of Indiana 253. 1912 Marshall’s thorn Mcspilus cuneiformis Marshall, Arb. Am. 88. 1785 C. pausiaca Ashe, Ann. Carneg. Mus. 1 : 390. 1902 C. Barbara Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 33. 1908 Known only from Chapin, Ontario county, and Brighton, Monroe county, Edson. 5 Crataegus suborbiculata Sargent, Rhodora 3 : 72. 1901 Caughawaga thorn C. Saundcrsiana Sargent, Ont. Nat. Sci. Bui. 4: 65. 1908 C. notabilis Sargent, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 32. 1908 C. Dcivingii Sargent, l.c. 34 C. Clintoniana Sarg., l.c. 39 C. Brozvnictta Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167 : 78. 1913 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 417 Chiefly in the upland limestone areas of western New York. Infrequent. Hemlock lake, Buffalo, Belfast, Palmyra, Portageville, Tuscarora. Intricatae Sargent 6 Crataegus Boyntoni Beadle, Bot. Gaz. 28: 409. 1899 Boynton’s thorn C. foetida Ashe, Ann. Carneg. Mus. i3: 389. 1902 C. Baxteri Sargent, Proc. Rochester Acad. 4: 107. 1903 In shaly soils. Genesee valley region east to the Hudson valley and southward. Hemlock lake, Castile, Coopers Plains, Chapin, Rochester, Honeoye lake, Ithaca, Lansingburg, Albany, Utica, Herkimer, Olean, Salamanca. 7 Crataegus intricata J. Lange, Bot. Tidskr. 19 : 246. 1894 Biltmore thorn, Lange’s thorn C. modesta Sargent, Rhodora 3: 28. 1901 C. biltmoreana Beadle, Bot. Gaz. 28: 406. 1899 C. coccinea Eggleston in Robinson & Fernald, Man. 466. 1908 C. premora Ashe, Ann. Carneg. Mus. 1: 391. 1902 Open rocky woods. Hudson valley in Albany and Rensselear counties, southward and westward. Albany, Lansingburg, West Point ( Torrcy , 1825), Bedford, Dykemans, Moore’s Mills, Putnam county, New York City, Coopers Plains. 8 Crataegus Stonei Sargent, Rhodora 5 : 62. 1903 Stone’s thorn C. Peckii Sargent, l.c. 63 Lansingburg, Rensselaer county, Peck. 9 Crataegus straminea Beadle, Bot. Gaz. 30: 345. 1900 Alleghany thorn C. apposita Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 35: 103. 1903 C. intricata Sargent, Rhodora 2: 28. 1901. Not J. Lange C. verecunda Sargent, Proc. Roch. Acad. 4: 109. 1903 C. Cornellii Sargent, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 105. 1908 C. verecunda var. gonocarpa Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 139: 33. 1910 On rocky hillsides. Rensselaer county westward and southward across the State. Troy, Lansingburg, VerPlanck Point, Moore’s Mills, Albany, Ithaca, Rochester, Hemlock lake. Corning, Painted Post, Coopers Plains. 4iS NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Var. Bissellii (Sargent) Eggleston, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243- 244 : 63. I923 Bissell’s thorn C. Bissellii Sargent, Rhodora 5: 65. 1903 C. apposita Sarg. var. Bissellii Eggl. Rhodora 10: 76. 1908 With about the same rang-e but less frequent. North Greenbush, Staatsburg, Ithaca, Coleman’s Station, Moore’s Mills, New York City, Rochester. Parvifoliae Loudon to Crataegus uniflora Muench. Hausv. 142. 1770 Dwarf thorn C. pan’ifolia Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 169. 1789 C. Smithii Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 67. 1903 C. tomcntosa Eggl. in Robinson & Fernald, Man. 467. 190S In sandy soil, pine-barrens of Staten Island and Long Island. Sneeder’s Landing, Tottenville, Richmond, between Rossville and Kreischeville, Staten Island; Manorville and Yaphank, Long Island. Rotundifoliae Eggleston 11 Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe, N. Car. Agr. Col. Bui. 175: no. 1900 Round-leaved thorn Mespilus rotundifolia Ehrh. Beitr. 3: 30. 1788 C. rotundifolia (Ehrh.) Moench, Baum. Weiss. 29. t. 1. 1785 Not Lamarck, 1783 C. Dodgci Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Soc. 19: 26. 1901 C. Gravesii Sargent, Rhodora 5: 159. 1903 C. caesariata Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 64. 1906 C. illuminata Sarg., l.c. 65 C. rotundifolia var. chrysocarpa Eggl. Rhodora 10: 79. 1908 C. vcrrucalis Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 123. 1908 In rich or rocky soil, widely distributed across the State. In some sections common. Lake Placid, Essex, Warren and Hamilton counties, Albany, Rensselaer, Ogdensburg, DeKalb and Canton, St Lawrence county, Herkimer, Crown Point, Elmira, Belfast, Tuscarora, Coopers Plains, Moor-e’s Mills, Putnam county. Var. Faxoni (Sargent) Eggleston, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243- 244: 63. 1923 Faxon’s thorn C. Faxoni Sargent, Rhodora 5: 161. 1903 C. chatcaugaycnsis Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 121. 1908 C. coccinca Sarg. Silva N. Am. 13: 133. t. 683. 1902 C. divergcns Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 66. 1906 C. praecoqua Sarg. Rhodora 5: 167. 1903 C. praccox Sargent, Rhodora 3: 27. 1903 C. rotundifolia var. Faxoni Eggl. Rhodora 10: 79. 1908 C. rotundifolia var. pubera Sarg. Rhodora ix: 183. 1909 Orient Point, Albany, Crown Point, North Greenbush, Pawling, Fort Ann, North Elba, Lake Placid, Chateaugay, Buffalo, Odgens- burg. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 419 Crataegus chrysocarpa x macrosperma Eggleston, l.c. 64 C. maligna Sargent, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167: in. 1913 Collected near Ogdensburg, /. Dunbar. Crataegus chrysocarpa x punctata Eggleston, l.c. C. neo-baxteri Sargent, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 74. 1908 At Tuscarora, Baxter. 12 Crataegus irrasa Sargent, Rhodora 5: 116. 1903. Represented in New York by: Var. Blanchardi (Sarg.) Eggl. Rhodora 10: 79. 1908 Blanchard’s thorn C. Blanchardi Sargent, Rhodora 7: 218. 1905, C. noveboracensis Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 1 16 : 22. 1907 Keene and North Elba, Essex county, Peck. Var. divergens Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 75: 51. 1904 North Greenbush, Rensselaer county. Peck. 13 Crataegus Macauleyae Sargent, Proc. Rochester Acad. 4: 130. 1903 Miss Macauley’s thorn Known only from near Rochester and at Chapin, Ontario county. 14 Crataegus lucorum Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 31 : 227. 1901 Grove thorn C. steubenensis Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 103. 1908 Near Coopers Plains, Steuben county, Peck. 15 Crataegus roanensis Ashe, Bui. N. Car. Agr. Col. 175: 114. 1900 Roan Mountain thorn C. fluviatalis Sargent, Rhodora 5: 1 1 7. 1903 C. ascendens Sarg. l.c. 141 C. spatifolia Sargent, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 98. 1908 C. fucata Sargent, l.c. 99 C. nescia Sargent, l.c. 100 A species of the southern Appalachian region extending northward in New York to Thompson’s lake, Albany county and to Coopers Plains, Steuben county. 16 Crataegus macrosperma Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Sci. Soc. 16: 73. 1900 Variable thorn C. bella Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 61. 1908 C. Claytoniana Sarg., l.c. 120 C. floridula Sarg., l.c. 126 C. gracilipes Sarg., l.c. 119 C. ignea Sarg., l.c. 96 C. insignata Sarg., l.c. 101 14 420 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM C. leptopoda Sarg., l.c. 118 C. puberis Sarg., l.c. 73 C. spissa Sarg., l.c. 122 C. suavis Sarg., l.c. 59 C. mellita Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 58. 1906 C. Kneiskerniana Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167: 116. 1913 C. Paineana Sarg., l.c. 97 C. Proctoriana Sarg., l.c. no C. benigna Sarg. Proc. Rochester Acad. 4: 127. 1903 C. colorata Sarg., l.c. 123 C. ornaia Sarg., l.c. 120 C. parviflorct Sarg., l.c. 117 C. rubicunda Sarg., l.c. 121 C. Streeterae Sarg., l.c. 1x9 C. tcnuiloba Sarg., l.c. 122 C. tenella Ashe, Ann. Carneg. Mus. i3: 338. 1902 C. contigua Sarg. Rhodora 5: 1 15. 1903 C. delucida Sarg., l.c. 130 C. glaucophylla Sarg., l.c. 140 A common species on hillsides, in fields and thickets and along streams, but recorded from only a few localities in the Adirondack region. North Elba, Piseco, Westport, Sandlake, Albany, Coleman’s Sta¬ tion, Moore’s Mills, Dykemans, North Greenbush, Menands, Herkimer, Little Falls, Frankfort, Utica, Oneida, Syracuse, Rochester, LaSalle, Penfield, Belfast, Coopers Plains, Corning, Hemlock lake, Ithaca, Chapin, Salamanca, Murray, Hermitage, Cattaraugus creek, Silver Springs, Portage, Castile, Canadice lake, Buffalo, Lenox, Madison county, Clayton. Var. demissa (Sarg.) Eggl. Rhodora 10: 80. 1908 C. demissa Sarg. Rhodora 5: 139. 1903 Known from : Albany, Gansevoort, Ithaca, Chapin, Ontario county and Tuscarora. Var. matura (Sarg.) Eggl. Rhodora 10: 80. 1908 C. matura Sarg. Rhodora 3: 24. in part. 1901; 5: 114. 1903 C. acuminata Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 56. 1906 C. Boothiana Sarg., l.c. 122 : 58. 1908 C. recta Sarg., l.c. 97 Known from: Albany, Moore’s Mills, Dykemans, North Creek, Gansevoort, Herkimer, Lewis Point on Oneida lake, Lake Pleasant, Rochester, Chapin, Olean, Belfast, Monroe, Filmore, Almond, Tuscarora, Coopers Plains and Hemlock lake. Var. pastorum (Sarg.) Eggl. Rhodora 10: 80. 1908 C. pastorum Sarg. Rhodora 3: 24. 1901 C. genialis Sarg. Rhodora 5: 148. 1903 Known from : Albany, Gansevoort, Menands, Little Falls, Belfast, Coopers Plains and Buffalo. Var. pentandra (Sarg.) Eggl. Rhodora 10: 80. 1908 C. pentandra Sarg. Rhodora 3: 25. 1901 Known from: North Greenbush, Rensselaer, Wells, Piseco. Albany, Pawling and Moore’s Mills. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 421 Crataegus macrosperma x pruinosa Eggleston, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 64. 1923 C. implicate 1 Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 49. 1908 C. dissociabilis Sarg. l.c. 95 Near Buffalo, Peck. Coopers Plains, Cornell. Crateaeguus macrosperma x punctata Eggleston, l.c. C. Harryi Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 124. 1908 Richmond, Ontario county and at Canadice lake and Honeoye lake. 17 Crataegus Grayana Eggleston, Rhodora io: 80. 1908 Asa Gray’s thorn C. flabellata Sarg. Rhodora 3: 75. 1901. Not C. flabellata (Bose.) K. Koch In fields. Northern New York. Infrequent. Crown Point, Peck. Rossie, St Lawrence county, Peck. Morris¬ town and DeKalb, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. 18 Crataegus basilica Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Stud. 2 : 125. 1902 Royal thorn, Edson’s thorn C. alnorum Sarg. Rhodora 5: 153. 1903 C. Edsoni Sarg. Rhodora 7: 205. 1905 C. luminosa Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 63. 1908 Rocky woods. Infrequent across the northern part of the State, and at Buffalo. Lansingburg, Peck. Round Lake, Peck. DeKalb, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Buffalo, Peck. 19 Crataegus populnea Ashe, Ann. Carneg. Mus. 1 : 395. 1902 Gruber’s thorn C. stolonifera Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 35: 109. 1903 A western species, found at Tuscarora, Livingston county. Pruinosae Sargent 20 Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl.) K. Koch, Hort. Dend. 168. 1853 Waxy-fruited thorn C. populifolia Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 553. 1821. Not Walt. Mespilus pruinosa Wendl. Flora 6: 700. 1823 C. arcana Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 122. 1902 C. Lcnnoniana Sarg. Proc. Rochester Acad. 4: 98. 1903 C. Howeana Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 52. 1906 C. casta Sarg., l.c. 53 C. amocna Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 38, 86. 1908 C. bronxensis Sarg., l.c. 122, 115 C. Livingstoniana Sarg., l.c. 116, 122 C. macera Sarg., l.c. 117 C. oblita Sarg., l.c. 40. C. pellecta Sarg., l.c. 85 C. prominens Sarg. Ont. Nat. Sci. Bui. 4: 23. 1908 C. aristata Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 150: 27. 1911 C. Eastmaniana Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167: 77. 1913 422 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM C. obstipa Sarg., l.c. 80 C. pelacris Sarg., l.c. 85 C. scitula Sarg., l.c. 84 Rocky open woods, thickets and on hillsides. Common across the State outside of the Adirondack region. Westport, Crown Point, Rossie, Albany, Lansingburg, North Green bush, Moore’s Mills, Bronx Park, New York City, Syracuse, Rochester, Hemlock lake, Staatsburg, Menands, Coopers Plains, Olean, Salamanca, Adams Basin, Murray, Chapin, Belfast, Painted Post, Buffalo, Niagara Falls. Var. conjuncta (Sarg.) Eggl. Rhodora 10: 81. 1908 C. conjuncta Sarg. Rhodora 5 : 57. 1903 C. formosa Sarg. Proc. Rochester Acad. 4: 101. 1903 C. rubro-lutea Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 88. 1908 C. russata Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167: 85. 1913 Known from: Albany, North Greenbush, Rochester, Buffalo, Coopers Plains, Painted Post, Niagara Falls, Murray, Salamanca. Var. dissona (Sarg.) Eggl. Rhodora 10: 81. 1908 C. dissona Sarg. Rhodora 5: 60. 1903 C. acerba Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 93. 1908 C. plana Sarg., l.c. 45 C. radiata Sarg., l.c. 42 C. procera Sarg. Trees & Shrubs 2: 71, 133. 1908 Known from : Albany, Coleman’s Station, Dykemans, Moore’s Mills, Belfast, Olean, Castile, Coopers Plains, Buffalo, Almond, Hemlock lake. Var. latisepala (Ashe) Eggl. Rhodora 10 : 81. 1908 C. latisepala Ashe, N. Car. Agr. Col. Bub 175: 109. 1900 C. copnata Sarg. Rhodora 5: 58. 1903 Known from: Dykeman’s, Hemlock lake, Tuscarora, Chapin, Castile, Buffalo, Niagara Falls. Crataegus pruinosa x straminea Eggleston C. brevipcs Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 139: 20. 1910 Corning, Peck. Crataegus pruinosa x punctata Eggleston, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 64. 1923 C. hudsonica Sarg. Man. 457. /. 373. 1905 Albany and Greenbush, Rensselaer, Peck. 21 Crataegus rugosa Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Sci. Soc. 171: 5. 1900 Fretz’s thorn C. deltoides Ashe, l.c. 172: 19. 1900 C. rustica Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1 : 122. 1902 A southern species found at Moore’s Mills, Dutchess county, Eggleston. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 423 22 Crataegus filipes Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Sci. Soc. 191 : 18. 1903 Miss Beckwith’s thorn C. opulens Sarg. Proc. Rochester Acad. 4: 104. 1903 C. Beckwithae Sarg., l.c. 124 C. sequax Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Sci. Soc. 202: 50. 1904 C. Robbinsiana Sarg. Rhodora 7: 197. 1905 C. silvicola var. Beckrvithac Eggl. Rhodora 10: 81. 1908 C. inusitula Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 55. 1908 In thickets and on hillsides. Infrequent across the State from Albany county westward and southward. Albany, Ithaca, Herkimer, Rochester, Coopers Plains, Hemlock lake, Brighton, Belfast, Chapin, Buffalo. 23 Crataegus beata Sarg. Proc. Rochester Acad. 4 : 97. 1903 Dunbar’s thorn C. macrocalyx Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 89. 1908 In thickets, open woods and on hillsides in western New York. Ithaca, Chapin, Hemlock lake, Canadice lake, Belfast, Portage, Castile, Rochester, Greece, Coopers Plains. Var. compta (Sarg.) Eggl. Rhodora 10: 81. 1908 C. compta Sarg. Proc. Rochester Acad. 4: 102. 1903 C. diffusa Sarg., l.c. 103 C. congestiflora Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 24. 1908 C. pulchra Sarg., l.c. 42 C. Barryana Sarg., l.c. 52, 93 C. cruda Sarg., l.c. 54 C. foliala Sarg., l.c. 53 C. placiva Sarg., l.c. 46 C. Slavinii Sarg., l.c. 5.7 C. promissa Sarg., l.c. 50 C. ovatifolia Sarg., l.c. 92 C. strigosa Sarg., l.c. 51 C. tortuosa Sarg., l.c. 47 C. uncta Sarg., l.c. 91 C. xanthophylla Sarg., l.c. 48 C. exornata Sarg. Ont. Nat. Sci. Bui. 4: 31. 1908 In thickets and on hillsides. Herkimer and Tompkins counties westward and southward. Herkimer, Utica, Ithaca, Hemlock lake, Brighton, Palmyra, Fil- more, Rush, Avon, Chapin, Belfast, Rochester, Castile, Olean, Al¬ mond, Salamanca, Corning, Painted Post, Coopers Plains, Buffalo, Niagara Falls. 24 Crataegus leiophylla Sarg. Proc. Rochester Acad. 4 : 99. 1903 Smooth thorn C. longipedunculata Sarg. Ont. Nat. Sci. Bui. 4: 26. 1908 C. gracilis Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 37. 1908 C. ramosa Sarg., l.c. 86 In thickets, on hillsides and banks of streams and lakes, western New York. 424 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Canandaigua, Ithaca, Portageville, Coopers Plains, Rochester, Bel¬ fast, Tuscarora, Buffalo, Niagara Falls. Var. Maineana (Sarg.) Eggl. Rhodora 10: 81. 1998 Maine’s thorn C. Maineana Sarg. Proc. Rochester Acad. 4: 106. 1903 C. aridnla Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 43. 1908 Buffalo, Belfast, Portageville, Hemlock lake, Niagara Falls, Rochester. 25 Crataegus Jesupi Sarg. Rhodora 5: 61. 1903 Jesup’s thorn C. numerosa Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 90. 1908 C. nemorosa Sarg., l.c. 150: 28. 1911 C. incisa Sarg. Widely distributed across the State, but rarely collected. Rossie, St Lawrence county; Hemlock lake, Painted Post and Coopers Plains, Peck. Coccineae Loudon 26 Crataegus Holmesiana Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Sci. Soc. 16 2 : 78. 1900 Thin-leaved or Holm’s thorn C. tenuifolia Britton, Bui. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 448. 1900 C. Holmesiana var. villipcs Ashe, l.c. 172 : 11. 1901 C. villipes Ashe, Ann. Carneg. Mus. x : 388. 1902 C. tardipcs Sarg. Ont. Nat. Sci. Bui. 4: 51. 1908 Along streams, on hillsides and in thickets. Frequent from Al¬ bany, Ulster, Herkimer and St Lawrence counties westward and southward. Albany, Phoenicia, Little Falls, Ithaca, Utica, Oriskany, Elmira, Syracuse, Ogdensburg, Canton, Hemlock lake, Rochester, Belfast, Castile, Buffalo, Salamanca, Corning. 27 Crataegus anomala Sargent, Rhodora 3 : 74. 1901 Oblong-leaved thorn C. oblongifolia Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 60. 1906. Not K. Koch C. urbica Sarg., l.c. 167: 105. 1913 Infrequent or rare across the northern part of the State, south¬ ward to Albany county. Fort Ann, Crown Point, Menands, Peck. DeKalb, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. 28 Crataegus coccinioides Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Sci. Soc. 16 2 : 74. 1900 Eggert’s thorn C. Eggertii Britton, Bui. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 447. 1900 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 425 A southern and western species represented in this State by : Var. dilatata (Sarg.) Eggl. Rhodora 10: 81. 1908 C. dilatata Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 31: 9; 1901 C. durobrivensis Sarg. Trees & Shrubs 1:3. t. 2. 1902 C. conspecta Sarg. Ont. Nat. Sci. Bui. 4: 28. 1908 Extending northward to Albany, Saratoga, Monroe and Niagara counties. Albany, Gansevoort, Thompson’s lake, Canandaigua, Ithaca, Rochester, Hemlock lake. Portage, Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Salamanca. 29 Crataegus Pringlei Sargent, Rhodora 3: 21. 1901 Pringle’s thorn Rocky hillsides, banks and thickets. Infrequent across the State northward, southward to Putnam county, westward to Monroe and Livingston county. Waddington, St Lawrence county, Crown Point, Rochester, Cole¬ man’s Station, Fort Ann, Herkimer, Little Falls, Oriskany, Marcy, Chapin, Hemlock lake. Var. exclusa (Sarg.) Eggl. Rhodora 10: 82. 1908 C. exclusa Sarg. Rhodora 5: 108. 1903 Known from: Watervliet, Albany, Greenbush, Delanson and Chapin. Var. lobulata (Sarg.) Eggl. Rhodora 10: 82. 1908 C. lobulata Sarg. Rhodora 3: 22. 1901 Known from: Menands, Sandlake, Crown Point. 30 Crataegus coccinea L. Sp. PI. 476. 1753 Scarlet thorn, red haw C. pcdicillata Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 31 : 226. 1901 C. Habereri Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 116: 21. 1907 C. limosa Sarg., l.c. 122: 67. 1908 C. gloriosa Sarg., l.c. 70 C. perspicabilis Sarg., l.c. 167: 90. 1913 C. uticaensis Sarg., l.c. 99 C. Gilbertiana Sarg., l.c. 101 C. pcrrara Sarg., l.c. 103 On hillsides, in thickets and along streams and in open woods and fields. Common across the State outside of and chiefly south of the Adirondacks. Warren, New Hartford, Little Falls, Utica, Hemlock lake, Syracuse, Rochester, Honeoye lake, Chapin, Ontario county, Salamanca, East Aurora, Buffalo. Var. Ellwangeriana (Sarg.) Eggl., in Deam, Trees of Indiana 212. 1921 C. Ellivangeriana Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 33: 118. 1902 C. Fulleriana Sarg. Proc. Rochester Acad. 4: in. 1903 C. Robesoniana Sarg., l.c. no (C. robesonana Sarg. 1913) 426 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM C. spissiflora Sarg., l.c. 112 C. sejuncta Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 62. 1906 C. vivida Sarg. Ont. Nat. Sci. Bui. 4: 47. 1908 C. radians Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 64. 1908 C. pcdicillata var. Ellwangeriana Eggl. Rhodora 10: 82. 1908 Albany, Menands, Thompson’s lake, Little Falls, Utica, Lenox, Madison county, Ogdensburg, Ithaca, Hemlock lake, Chapin, Canan¬ daigua, Portage, Salamanca, Portageville, Rush, Rochester, Letch- worth Park, Buffalo, Cattaraugus creek. Crataegus coccinea x macrosperma Eggleston, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 65. 1923 C. Hadleyana Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167: 93. 1913 C. MaribcIIa Sarg., l.c. Herkimer and Little Falls, Habercr. Crataegus coccinea x pruinosa Eggleston, l.c. C. pallcsccns Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167: 81. 1913 C. seclusa Sarg., l.c. 89 C. latiflora Sarg., l.c. 83 C. iterata Sarg. Jour. Arnold Arb. 4: 102. 1923 Ogdensburg, Dunbar; Richmond and Hemlock lake, Livingston county, Brozvn. 31 Crataegus albicans Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Soc. 17 2: 20. 1901 Letchworth thorn C. pollita Sarg. Rhodora 5: hi. 1903 C. acclivis Sarg. Proc. Rochester Acad. 4: 115. 1903 C. Dayana Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 66. 1908 C. Letchworthiana Sarg., l.c. 68 Rensselaer county westward to St Lawrence county. Lake Erie and southward. Not reported from the coastal plain. Sandlake, Albany, Menands, Little Falls, Herkimer, Utica, Wad- dington, St Lawrence county; Ithaca, Oneida lake ; Chapin, Rochester, Hemlock lake, Belfast, Letchworth Park, Rush, Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Cattaraugus creek. 32 Crataegus Arnoldiana Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 31: 221. 1901 Arnold’s thorn Native of eastern Massachusetts to Connecticut. Also at Wading River, Long Island, E. S. Miller. 33 Crataegus submollis Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 31 : 7. 1901 Emerson’s thorn C. tomentosa Emerson, Trees & Shrubs Mass. 430. 1846. Not L. C. champlaincnsis Sarg. Rhodora 3: 20. 1901 C. Tatnalliana Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 35: 106. 1903 C. contortifalia Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 59. 1906 C. llnntiana Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167: 105. 1913 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 427 Rocky hillsides, thickets and along streams. Locally frequent across the northern part of the State south to Albany county, west to southern Herkimer county and west to Livingston county. DeKalb and Brasher, St Lawrence county ; Ogdensburg, Crown Point, Port Henry, Menands, Albany, North Greenbush, between Jordanville and Mud lake, southern Herkimer county; Chapin, Ontario county ; Hemlock lake, Livingston county. Brainerdianae Eggleston 34 Crataegus Brainerdi Sargent, Rhodora 3 : 27. 1901 Brainerd’s thorn C. Laneyi Sarg. Trees & Shrubs 1:5. t. 3. 1902 C. cupulifera Sarg. Proc. Rochester Acad. 4: 129. 1903 C. Eatoniana Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 51. 1906 C. rubrocarnea Sarg., l.c. 55. C. ambrosia Sarg., l.c. 69 C. brachyloba Sarg., l.c. 122: 75. 1908 C. repulsans Sarg., l.c. 107 C. spinifera Sarg., l.c. in C. fallsiana Sarg., l.c. 167: 113. 1913 C. misella Sarg., l.c. 1 15 On moist hillsides, rocky slopes, thickets, fields and along streams. Frequent across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks, but not recorded from the lower Hudson valley nor from the Catskill and Susquehanna regions. Rossie, St Lawrence county ; Albany, Menands, Little Falls, Herki¬ mer, Canandaigua, Hemlock lake, Rochester, Chapin, Corning, Belfast, Buffalo. Var. asperifolia (Sarg.) Eggl. Rhodora 10: 82. 1908 C. asperifolia Sarg. Rhodora 3: 31. 1901 C. singularis Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 106. 1908; 167: 116. 1913 Known from Albany, Menands, Little Falls, Coopers Plains and Buffalo. Var. Egglestoni (Sarg.) Robinson, Rhodora 10: 82. 1908 C. Egglestoni Sarg. Rhodora 3: 30. 1901 ; N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 75: 12, 55. 1904 C. Dunbari Sarg. Proc. Rochester Acad. 4: 126. 1903 C. hystrieina Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 35: 433. 1903 C. affinis Sarg. Ont. Nat. Sci. Bui. 4: 71. 1908 C. conferta Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 62. 1908 Known from Elizabethtown, Piseco, Crown Point, Albany, Thomp¬ son’s lake, Ithaca, Rochester, Hemlock lake, Adams Basin, Salamanca, Buffalo. Var. scabrida (Sarg.) Eggl. Rhodora 10: 82. 1908 C. scabrida Sarg. Rhodora 3: 29. 1901 C. Deweyana Sarg. Proc. Rochester Acad. 4: 133. 1903 C. Balkwillii Sarg., Ont. Nat. Sci. Bui. 4: 80. 1908 C. inopinata Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 108. 1908 428 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Known from Albany, Lansingburg, Fort Ann. Little Falls, Utica, Mohawk, New Hartford, Chapin, Ithaca, Rochester, Hemlock lake, Rush, Portage, Castile, Silver Springs, Belfast, Coopers Plains. Crataegus Brainerdi var. Egglestoni x succulenta Eggleston, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 65. 1923 C. Peckietta Sarg. Rhodora 7: 174. 1905 Piseco, Hamilton county, Peck. Lake Pleasant, Peck. Keene, Essex county and Horicon, Warren county, Peck. Macracanthae Loudon 35 Crataegus succulenta Schrader, Link, Handb. 2: 78. 1831 — Sarg. Silva N. Am. 13: 139. t. 131. 1902 Long-spined thorn C. glandulosa var. macracantha Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22: pi. igi2. 1836 C. macracantha var. minor Lodd. ; Loud. Arb. Brit. 2: 819. 1838 C. Halliana Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 73. 1906 C. conspicua Sarg., l.c. 74 C. admiranda Sarg., l.c. 122: 80. 1908 C. simulans Sarg., l.c. 125 C. truculenta Sarg. l.c. 167: 118. 1913 C. sonnenbergensis Sarg., l.c. 120 C. macracantha var. succulenta Eggl. Rhodora 10 : 82. 1908 In thickets, fields, hillsides and along streams. Locally common, Albany and Rensselaer counties to St Lawrence county, westward and southward, but not reported from the lower Hudson valley nor from the coastal region. North Greenbush, Albany, Albia, Schoharie, Rossie, St Lawrence county, Canandaigua, Menands, Chapin, Palmyira, Rochester, Belfast, Salamanca, Buffalo, Niagara Falls. Var. macracantha (Lodd.) Eggl., N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243- 244:65. 1923 C. macracantha Lodd. in Loud. Arb. Brit. 2: 819. 1838 C. macracantha Koehne, Deutsche Dend. 236. 1893 C. ferentaria Sarg. Proc. Rochester Acad. 4: 135. 1903 C. Beckiana Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 75.. 1906 C. microsperma Sarg. Ont. Nat. Sci. Bui. 4: 82. 1908 C. ogdensburgensis Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167: 125. 1913 Rossie, Ogdensburg, Fort Ann, Albia, Albany, New Paltz, Green- bush, Little Falls, Utica, Frankfort, Ithaca, Pecksport, Madison county ; Canandaigua, Belfast, Rochester, Buffalo, Coopers Plains. Var. rhombifolia (Sarg.) Eggl., l.c. C. rhombifolia Sarg. Rhodora 5: 183. 1003 C. flagrans Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105 : 71. 1906 C. venustula Sarg., l.c. 122 : 79. 1908 C. macracantha var. rhombifolia Eggl. Rhodora 10: 82. 1908 __ Known from: North Greenbush,' Whitehall, Thompson’s lake, Al¬ bany county ; Albany and Buffalo, Crown Point. 36 Crataegus neofluvialis Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Sci. Soc. 162: 71. 1900 New river thorn ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 429 C. michiganensis Ashe, N. Car. Agr. Col. Bui. 175: in. 1900 C. gemmosa Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 33: 119. 1902 C. pisifera Sarg. Rhodora 7: 163. 1905 C. frutescens Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 113. 1908 C. finitima Sarg., l.c. 78 C. efferata Sarg., l.c. 128 C. honeoyensis Sarg., l.c. 129 C. spinea Sarg., l.c. 167: 122. 1913 C. macracantha var. neofluvialis Egg). Rhodora 10: 83. 1908 In thickets, rich hillsides and along streams. Locally frequent from Albany county to St Lawrence county, westward and south¬ ward, but not reported from the lower Hudson valley or the coastal region. Albany, Menands, Ogdensburg, Waddington, St Lawrence county ; Canandaigua, Ithaca, Utica, Hemlock lake, Belfast, Tuscarora, Niagara Falls, Coopers Plains, Rochester, Honeoye lake and Camp¬ bell. 37 Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medic. Geschichte Bot. 83. 1793 Pear thorn, pear or red haw Mespilus calpodendron Ehrh. Beitr. 2: 67. 1788 C. crus-galli Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 5, 1768. Not L. C. tomentosa DuRoi, Harbk. Baumz. ed. 1, 183. 1771. Not L. C. Chapmani Ashe, Bot. Gaz. 28: 270. 1899 C. structilis Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Sci. Soc. 191: 12. 1903 C. Calvinii Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 81. 1908 C. diversa Sarg., l.c. 109 C. comans Sarg., l.c. 112 C. Chapmani var. Plukcnetii Eggl. Rhodora 10: 83. 1908 Long mistaken for C. tomentosa L., and is the C. tomentosa of the Linnaean herbarium, in part; and of most subsequent authors. In thickets, fields and on hillsides and shores. Locally common from Tioga and Tompkins counties westward and southward. Elmira, Ithaca, Chapin, Hemlock lake, Canadice, Coopers Plains, Geneseo, Buffalo, Salamanca, Canandaigua, Rochester, Nichols, Tioga county. The Watervliet specimens, in Arnold Arboretum herbarium, Jesup herbarium, Dartmouth College and in the herbarium of the Brooklyn Academy of Arts and Sciences, collected by Dr Henry G. Jesup in 1869, and which have been referred to this species, are typical Cratae¬ gus punctata Jacq. C . calpodendron is not known east of Ithaca. Crataegus calpodendron x punctata Eggleston, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 65. 1923 C. celsa Sarg. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 31. 1908 Niagara Falls, Horsey, Peck. 38 Crataegus prunifolia (of European gardens), not Pers. Syn. 2 : 37. 1806 Flowering specimens in the herbarium of the Torrey Botanical 430 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Club, from College Point, in 1884, appear to be this species. It has been recently collected at Kinkora, N. J., by Bayard Long. Additional species to be looked for in New York. Crataegus Jackii Sarg. Rhodora 5: 162. 1903 (Rotundifoliae) Known from near Montreal and in southern Ontario, has recently been reported from Canton, St Lawrence county by Mrs O. P. Phelps. Crataegus Margaretta Ashe, Jour. E. Mitch. Sci. Soc. i62: 72. 1900 Southern Ontario. Crataegus mollis (T. & G.) Scheele, Linnaea 21: 569. 1848 Southern Ontario. Crataegus phaenopyrum (L.f.) Medic. Geschichte Bot. 83. 1793 Native from Virginia to Georgia, Illinois and Arkansas. Natural¬ ized northward to Pennsylvania and New Jersey and frequent in cultivation in southern New York, where it may be expected to occur as an escape. Family 54 AMYGDALACEAE Reichenb. Consp. 177. 1828 (Drupaceae L.) Peach family PRUNUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 473. 1753 Section Prunophora Cerasus (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. Ed. 1754 1 Prunus americana Marsh. Arb. Am. hi. 1785 Wild yellow or red plum P. laiifolia Moench, Verz. Ausl. Baume, 85. 1785 Cerasus americana H. & A. Comp. Bot. Mag. 5: 24. 1835 In woods and thickets and on hillsides. Common or locally abundant across the State, outside of and chiefly south of the Adiron- dacks. Forma rosea (Peck) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 17. 1923 (var. rosea Feck, 47th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 27. 1894), with pink or rosy petals, occurs at Meadowdale, Albany county and Westport, Essex county. x Prunus Dunbari Rehder, (Tour. Arnold Arb. 3: 18. 1921), a natural hybrid between P. americana and P. maritima, is reported to have appeared spontaneously in Genesee Valley Park, Rochester. 2 Prunus nigra Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 165. 1789 Canada plum, horse plum P. mollis Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1 : 470. 1824 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 43 1 In hilly or mountainous sections of the State. Common north¬ ward in open woods, fields and thickets. Frequent in the Adiron- dacks up to 2000 feet altitude. Less frequent southward to the higher hills of Dutchess county, the Hudson highlands, Ulster and Otsego counties and locally westward across the State. Prunus hortulana Bailey, Gard. & For. 5: 90. 1892. Native of the central Mississippi valley, known as the goose plum, includes the wavland group of cultivated plums, some of which may be looked for as escapes from cultivation in this State. Prunus Munsoniana Wight & Hedrick, in Plums of New York 88. 19 1 1 . Native of the lower Mississippi valley, includes a num¬ ber of well known cultivated varieties of plum in New York, none of which has been reported as an escape. Prunus angustifolia Marsh. Arb. Am. hi. 1785. Native from Delaware southward and westward, likewise includes a few varieties of plum which are cultivated in this State. 3 Prunus alleghaniensis Porter, Bot. Gaz. 5: 85. 1877 Alleghany plum Known only from a few scattered colonies in Connecticut, Penn¬ sylvania and Michigan. It has not been reported from New York, but should be looked for in the southern portion. 4 Prunus maritima Marsh. Arb. Am. 112. 1785 Beach or sand Plum P. pygmaca Willd. Berl. Baumz. 248. 1796 P. acuminata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 284. 1803 P. sphaerocarpa Michx., l.c. P. sphaerica Willd. Berl. Baumz. Ausg. 2: 315. 1811 P. pubescens Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 231. 1814 P. littoralis Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 193. 1824 In sandy soil and on sea beaches on Long Island and Staten Island. Not common, although apparently so in early colonial times. The name Prunus maritima appears in Wang-enheim’s Beytrag, p. 103. 1787, not in his Beschr. Nordam. Holz- und Buscharten, 1781, as often cited. Hence the species should be credited to Marshall. 5 Prunus domestica L. Sp. PI. 473. 1753 Garden plum Occasional as an escape from cultivation or long persistent in old yards, etc. Linnaeus divided P. domestica into 14 subdivisions; Seringe (1825) made 8 divisions of this species; in both cases including varieties now places in P. cerasifera (cherry plums) and P. insitita (the damson and bullaces). Bailey (Cycl. Am. Hort. 1447. 1901), regards P. domestica as derived from P. spinosa, and P. insititia an intermediate between the two, but Hedrick (Plums of N. Y. 15) indicates that none of the “ domestica ” plums revert to P. spinosa. The species was originally native of the Caucasus mountains and the Caspian region. 432 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The reine claude or green gage plums represent one of the oldest known and most distinct group of horticultural varieties of the species domestica, and was designated by Linnaeus as P. domestica creola (l.c.). (P. Claudiana Poir. in Lam. Encyc. 5: 677. 1804; P. italica Borkh. Handb. Forstbot. 2: 1409. 1803). The prunes (plum prunes) were designated by Linnaeus as P. domestica galatensis, and the yellow egg plums as P. domestica pernicona. 6 Prunus insititia L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 273. 1755 Damson or bullace plums ? P. domestica damasccna L., l.c. 1753 P. subsylvestris 81 P. pomarium Boutigny, Bui. Soc. Dauph. fasc. VIII. 1881 P. domestica insititia Schneider, Handb. Laubh. 1 : 630. 1892 P. syriaca Koehne, Dendrol. 316. 1893 (yellow-fruited Mirabelle) Along roadsides and in waste grounds or neglected yards, where long persistent after cultivation. Occasional as an escape or natural¬ ized shrub in the Hudson valley and perhaps elsewhere. Native of southern and southeastern Europe and adjacent Asia, and now established throughout most of Europe. 7 Prunus spinosa L. Sp. PI. 475. 1753 Blackthorn, European sloe Infrequent as an escape or naturalized shrub in eastern and southern New York. Nativ-e of Europe. Hedrick in Plums of New York describes briefly tbe subspecies or varieties recognized by European botanists : Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Beitr. 4: 17. 1789 Cherry plums P. domestica myrobalan L. Sp. PI. 475. 1753 P. myrobalan Loisl. Nouv. Duham. 5: 184. 1812 P. divaricata Ledeb. Ind. Hort. Dorp. Suppl. 6. 1824 Native of western Asia and the Caucasus region. Frequent in cultivation. Prunus triflora Roxb. Hort. Beng. 38. 1814 Japanese plums P. domestica Maxim. Mel. Biol, ix: 678. 1883 P. hattan Tamari ; Bailey, Ann. Hort. 30. 1889 P. japonica of horticulture (not Thunb.) Native of China and occasional or locally frequent in cultivation. 8 Prunus pumila L. Mant. 1 : 75. 1767 Sand or dwarf cherry Cerasns canadensis Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, 1768 P. dcclinata Marsh. Arb. Am. 112. 1785 C. glaiica Moench, Meth. 692. 1794 On sand dunes, sandy shores and fields of the Great Lakes region. Uncommon, ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 433 Selkirk, Oswego county, Fernald, Wiegand & Eames (Rhodora 25: 72. 1923). Pulaski, Oswego county, C. E. Jones (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 139: 35. 1910). 9 Prunus depressa Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 332. 1814 Dwarf cherry Cerasus pumila Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 286. 1803 Prunus pumila Torr. FI. N. Y. 1 : 195. 1843 On sandy, gravelly or ledgy shores and exposed ridges. Rare. Long Lake, Hamilton county, Peck (34th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 1891, as P. pumila). Westchester county, rare, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 1915, as P. pumila). 10 Prunus susquehanae Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 519. 1809 Appalachian cherry ? P. rupestris Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 206. 1818 P. cuneata Raf. Am. Nat. 11. 1820 P. pumila var. cuncata Bailey, Cyclop. Am. Hort. 1451. 1901 In wet or moist, sometimes dry sterile sandy or rocky soil. Infre¬ quent or rare across the State south of the Adirondacks. Common on the sandy plains between Albany and Schenectady, Peck, House. Hempstead plains, Long Island, House. Ausable Point, Eggleston. Penfield, Monroe county, Booth (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 60. 1896, as P. pumila). South Hill, Ithaca, Dudley (36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 37. 1884, as P. pumila). 11 Prunus cerasus L. Sp. PI. 474. 1753 Sour cherry, egriot P. austcra & P. acida Ehrh. Beitr. 5: 160. i7go C. vulgaris Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 1. 1768 In woods and thickets and along roadsides. A somewhat frequent escape from cultivation. Native of Europe. Linnaeus designated the cherry with colorless juice as P. cerasus caproniana (P. acida Ehrh.), and the cherry with colored juice as P. cerasus austera (P. austera Ehrh). 12 Prunus avium L. FI. Suec. ed. 2, 165. 1755 Mazzard, wild or crab cherry, gean, sweet cherry Cerasus nigra Mill., l.c. No. 2 P. nigricans 81 P. varia Ehrh. Beitr. 7: 126, 127. 1792 C. avium Moench, Meth. 692. 1794 In thickets and woodlands and often along roadsides. Escaped from cultivation. Native of Europe. 13 Prunus pennsylvanica L.f. Suppl. 252. 1781 Wild red ch-erry, bird cherry, pigeon cherry Prunus-Ccr'asus montana Marsh. Arb. Am. 113. 1785 P. lanceolata Willd. Berl. Baumz. 240. 1796 Cerasus borealis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. x: 286. 1803 434 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM P. persicifolta Desf. Hist. Arb. 2: 205. 1809 C. pennsylvanica Lois. Nouv. Duham. 5: 9. 1812 P. borealis Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 331. 1814 In rocky or sandy woodlands and clearings. Common through¬ out most sections of the State north of the coastal region, especially on recently cleared or burned areas. 14 Prunus mahaleb L. Sp. PI. 474. 1753 Mahaleb, perfumed cherry Cerasus mahaleb Mill. Garcl. Diet. ed. 6, No. 4. 1768 Padus mahaleb Borkh. Handb. Forstbot. 2: 1434. 1803 Roadsides and waste ground. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. Not common. Section P adus Padus (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th Abr. ed. 1754 15 Prunus virginiana L. Sp. PI. 473. 1753* Choke cherry Prunus nana DuRoi, Harbk. Baumz. i2: 194. f. 4. 1772 Prunus- Cerasus canadensis Marsh. Arb. Am. 113. 1785 Padus oblonga Moench, Meth. 672. 1794 Padus nana Roemer, Arch, i2: 38. 1797 Padus virginiana M. Roem. Syn. Rosifl. 86. Not Mill. Padus obovata & P. canadensis M. Roem., l.c. 86, 88. Prunus obovata Bigel. FI. Bost. Ed. 2, 192. 1824 Cerasus obovata Beck, Bot. 97. 1833 Along river banks and in sandy or rocky woods and thickets. Common or frequent in most sections of the State. 16 Prunus serotina Ehrh. Beitr. 3: 20. 1788. Wild black cherry Prunus virginiana L. Sp. PI. 473. 1753 (in part) Padus virginiana Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 3. 1768 Prunus-Ccrasus virginiana Marsh, l.c. 112 Cerasus virginiana Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 283. 1803 In woods and open places. Frequent or common in most sections of the State. AMYGDALUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. FI. 472. 1753 Amygdalus Persica L. l.c. Peach Common in cultivation across the State south of the Adirondacks, and occasionally escaped from cultivation or spontaneous in waste soil. * Fernald (Rhodora 18: 140-141. 1916) would retain the Linnaean name “ virginianus ” for the choke cherry, by eliminating the references made by Linnaeus to Gronovius, Plukenet and Catesby, all three of which refer to the black cherry, P. serotina Ehrh. The application of this common sense procedure to other Linnaean names, Qucrcus rubra, Populus balsamifera, etc. is also highly desirable. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 435 Family 55 CASSIACEAE Link, Handb. 2: 135. 1831 C AES ALP IN I ACE AE Kl. & Garcke, Bot. Erg. Wald. 157. 1862 Senna family CERCIS L. Sp. PI. 374- 1753 Siliquastrum (Tourn.) Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 317. 1763 Cercis canadensis L., l.c. Red bud, American Judas tree Siliquastrum canadcnse Medic. Vorles. Churpf. Phys. Ges. 2: 339. 1789 In rich soil. Apparently native only in the southeastern part of the State south of the Hudson highlands. Widely distributed as a cultivated species and occasionally escaped or established farther northward and westward in the State. C . c h i 11 e n s i s Bunge, more common in cultivation, appears to be sometimes mistaken foi C. canadensis. CASSIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 376. 1753 Sect. Chamaesenna Vogel 1 Cassia marilandica L., l.c. 378 Wild or American senna In swamps and moist rich soil, often along streams. Occasional or locally abundant across the State from Rensselaer and Albany counties to Saratoga, Herkimer, Oneida, Madison, Wayne, Monroe and Erie counties. Increasingly frequent southward, except on the coastal plain. Sect. Lasiorhegma Vogel Chamaecrista Moench, Meth. 272. 1794 2 Cassia nictitans L., l.c. 380. Sensitive pea, wild sensitive plant Chamaecrista nictitans Moench, l.c. In dry or moist, usually sandy soil, or on sandy or gravelly shores. Common on Long Island and Staten Island, but less frequent or rare northward to Albany and Rensselaer counties, and westward to the Susquehanna river, Tioga county, Fcnno. 3 Cassia fasciculata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 26 2. 1803 Partridge pea, Large-flowered sensitive pea Cassia Chamaecrista of N. Y. Reports, not L. Chamaecrista fascicularis Greene, Pittonia 3: 242. 1897 Chamaecrista fasciculata Greene; Pollard, in Small, FI. SE. U. S. 587. 1903 In dry, usually sandy or gravelly soil. Common on Long Island and Staten Island, and locally northward to Albany, Beck; Whites- 436 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM boro, Oneida county Gates , in Herb. Beck, and Paine, Cat. 75. 1865. Reported as formerly established at Rochester and at Buffalo. GLEDITSIA L. Sp. PI. 1056. 1753 Caesalpinioides (L.) Ivuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 166. 1891 Gleditsia triacanthos L., l.c. Honey locust, three-thorned acacia G. spinosa Marsh, Arb. Am. 54. 1785 Caesalpinioides triacanthum Kuntze, l.c. Apparently native from the lake region of central and western New York, westward and southward. Extended by early planting and now well established in many sections of the State outside of the Adirondacks and Catskills. GYMNOCLADUS Lam. Encycl. 1: 733. 1783 Gymnocladus dioica (L.) Koch, Dendrol. 1: 5. 1869 Kentucky coffee tree Guitandina dioica L. Sp. PI. 381. 1753 Gymnocladus canadensis Lam., l.c. In rich woods and banks of streams and lakes, Onondaga county westward and southward. Increasing in abundance toward the southwest. Lafayette, Onondaga county, Rust, (Torr. Club. Bui. 9: 32. 1882). Ithaca, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 75. 1865). Ludlow- ville, Tompkins county, H. B. Lord (Clinton, 19th Rep’t Regents 77. 1866). Seneca lake near mouth of Cachong creek, Hall; ravine near borders of Cayuga lake, Alexander Thompson (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 191. 1843). Rare along Seneca and Cayuga lakes, Dudley (Cayuga FI. 26. 1886). Family 56 FABACEAE Reichenb. Consp. 149. 1828 ( Papilionaceae L., Lcguminosae Engl. & Prautl.) Pea family BAPTISIA Vent. Dec. Gen. Nov. 9. 1808 1 Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 3:6. 1811 Blue false indigo Sophora australis L. Svst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 287. 1767 Podalyria cocrulca Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 264. 1803 Baptisia cocrulca Nutt. Gen. 1: 281. 1818 Native from Pennsylvania southward and westward. Naturalized in the Hudson valley northward to Rensselaer county and rarely across the State to Ontario, Monroe and Erie counties. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 437 2 Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. l.c. Wild indigo, horsefly weed Sophora tinctoria L. Sp. PI. 373. 1753 In dry, usually sandy or gravelly soil. Frequent or locally com¬ mon across the State south of the Adirondack region. Becoming more abundant or common southward. CROTALARIA L. Sp. PI. 714. 1753 Crotalaria sagittalis L., l.c. Rattle-box In dry open places, usually in light or sandy soil. Occasional or frequent on Long Island and Staten Island. Rare northward to Troy, Rensselaer county Beck, and reported from Lewis county by Hough. LUPINUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 721. 1753 Lupinus perennis L., l.c. Wild or perennial lupine In dry, usually sandy soil. Frequent or locally common across the State in sandy localities from Rensselaer and Saratoga counties to Oneida, Lewis and Oswego counties, and westward to Lake Erie. Rare or absent in the hilly regions of heavy, clayey or limestone soils across the middle of the state. Variable in color of flowers. Forma rosea Britton with pink or rose-colored flowers occurs southward and in Albany county. Forma albiracemus Moore, with white flowers, in Albany and Monroe counties. ULEX L. Sp. PI. 741. 1753 Ulex europaeus L., l.c. Furze, gorse, prickly or thorn broom An infrequent or rare escape from cultivation in southern New York. Native of Europe. ONONIS L. Sp. PI. 717. 1753 Ononis repens L., l.c. Creeping rest harrow Native of Europe. Reported as established near Rochester, Booth (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5:11. 1910). GENISTA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 709. 1753 Genista tinctoria L., l.c. 710 Dyeweed, woad-waxen, Dyer’s broom On dry hills and sandy fields, in southern New York. Infrequent or rare. Naturalized from Europe. Reported as established near Peekskill by Mead (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 185. 1843), 438 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM SAROTHAMNUS Wimmer, FI. Schles. 278. 1832 Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimmer; Koch. Syn. FI. Germ. 1: 52. 1836 Scotch broom, hagweed Spartium scoparium L. Sp. PI. 709. 1753 Sarothamnus vulgaris Wimmer, FI. Schles. 278. 1832 Cytissus scoparius Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 2: 241. 1822 Adventive or naturalized from Europe at Richmond Hill, Queens county, Hulst (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 25: 643. 1899). Cytisus triflorus L’Her., is reported by Britton & Hollick (Torr. Club Bui. 12: 38. 1885), as an escape at Todt Hill, Staten Island, but not long persistent. Reported by Hollick (Torreya 22: 2. 1922) as permenantly established. MEDICAGO (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 788. 1753 Medic a (Tourn.) Medic, in Vorles. Churpf. Phys. Ges. 2: 386. 1787 Medicula Medic., l.c. Lupularia Opiz, Seznam 61. 1852 Spirocarpus Opiz, l.c. 1 Medicago sativa L., l.c. Alfalfa, purpl-e medic Medico sativa Lam. FI. Fr. 2: 584 Medico legitima Clus. ; Greene, FI. Franc. 101. 1894 Native of Europe. Common in cultivation and often escaped or established in many sections of the State. 2 Medicago falcata L., l.c. Yellow medic Medica falcata Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 2, 1768 Native of Europe and a rare escape or waif in waste places. 3 Medicago lupulina L., l.c. 779 Black or hop clover Medica lupulina Scop. FI. Carm. ed. 2, 2: 88. 1772 Medicula lupulina Medic., l.c. Lupularia parinflora Opiz, l.c. In fields and waste places. Common throughout most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 4 Medicago hispida Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 2: 349. 1791 Toothed medic, bur clover M. denticulata Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1414. 1803 In waste places and on ballast about the seaports. Rare except locally about New York City. Native of the Old World. 5 Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. FI. Angl. 288. 1762 Spotted medic M. polymorplta arahica L. Sp. PI. 780. 1753 M. maculata Sibth. FI. Oxon. 232. 1794 Medica arabica Medic., l.c. 386 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 439 A rare or infrequent adventive or ballast plant, and in waste places about the larger cities. Native of southern Europe. MELILOTUS (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. Abr. ed. 4 1754 Scrtula (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 205. 1891 1 Melilotus alba (Medic., 1787, name only) Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 4: 63. 1796 White melilot, white sweet clover Trifolium Mel. officinale, P, L. Sp. PI .ed. 2. 1079. 1763 T. vulgare Hayne in Schrad. Neue Jour. Bot. 2: 33 6. 1807 M. vulgaris, and M. rugulosa Willd. Enum. 789, 790. 1809 M. leucantha Koch, in DC. FI. Fr. Suppl. 564. 1815 — Torr. FI. N. Y. 1: 171. 1843 In waste places. Frequent or common in most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. M. albus x officinalis (M. Schoenkeitianus) O. E. Schultz, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29 : 708. 1901, known in Europe, should be looked for in this country. 2 Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. FI. Fr. 2: 594. 1778 Common yellow melilot, yellow sweet clover Trifolium Mel. officinalis L. Sp. PI. 765. 1753* M. rugosa Gilib. FI. Lithuan. 2: 83. 1782 T. Petit pierreanum Hayne, l.c. 337 M. Petit pierreana Willd. Enum. 790. 1809 — Britten, Jour. Bot. 45: 437. 19 07 M. arvensis Wallr. Sched. Crit. 391. 1822 M. Melilotus officinalis Aschers. & Graebn. FI. Nordostd. Flachl. 435. 1878 Leaflets elliptical, sharply denticulate ; fruit naked, slender, 5-8- seed-ed ; flowers yellow, 5-7 mm long. In waste places. Frequent or common. Naturalized from Europe. 3 Melilotus altissimus Thuill. FI. Par. ed. 2, 378. 1799 Trifolium Mel. officinalis, 7 L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1078. 1762 T. officinale Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1355. 1800 M. officinalis Willd. Enum. 790. 1809. Not Lam. Distinguished from other yellow-flowered species by the narrow obovate-lanceolate leaflets ; petals of equal length, the broad, almost rhombic, hairy, sessile, 2-seeded pods ; flowers 5-7 mm long. Adventive from Europe on ballast and in waste places near New York City. Rare. , 4 Melilotus indica (L.) All. FI. Pedem. 1 : 308. 1785 Trifolium M. indica L. Sp. PI. 765. 1753 * “ Meloloti” is used by Linnaeus as a generic subdivision of Trifolium, hence the specific name is not " T. Meloloti-officinale ” as assumed by some authors. 440 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Native of the Mediterranean region and southern Asia. Rare as an adventive on ballast near New York City. TRIFOLIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 764. 1753 Chrysaspis Desv. FI. de L’ Anjou, 338. 1827 Amarenus C. B. Presl. Symb. Bot. 1: 46. 1830 1 Trifolium agrarium L. Sp. PI. 772. 1753 Yellow or hop clover T. campestre Schreb. in Sturm. Deutsch. FI. 16. 1804 Chrysaspis campcstris Desv., l.c. Amarenus agrarius Presl., l.c. C. agraria Greene, Pittonia 3: 205. 1897 In fields and along roadsides. Frequent or locally common. Naturalized from Europe. Greene (l.c.) maintains Trifolium aureum Poll, as distinct from this species, stating that the leaflets are narrower, entirely sessile and but slightly denticulate. Plants answering to these distinctions are not rare in our herbaria, but more information regarding their origin and distribution is desirable. The yellow hop clovers form a very distinct group, which Doctor Greene would recognize as deserving of generic recognition. 2 Trifolium dubium Sibth. FI. Oxon. 231. 1794 Least hop colver T. minus Smith, Engl. Bot. PI. 1256. 1799 C. dubia Greene, l.c. 206 In fields and waste places. Infrequent or rare. Adventive or sparingly naturalized from Europe. 3 Trifolium procumbens L. Sp. PI. 772. 1753 Low or smaller hop clover, hop trefoil C. procumbens Desv., l.c. A. procumbens Presl., l.c. In fields and along roadsides. Common in most sections of the State outside of the higher mountains. Naturalized from Europe. 4 Trifolium incarnatum L. Sp. PI. 769. 1753 Crimson, carnation, French or Italian clover In fields, waste ground and on ballast. Infrequent or local, chiefly as an escape from cultivation. Native of Europe. The common crimson clover of cultivation, and which has occa¬ sionally escaped, is perhaps not the true T. incarnatum of Linnaeus. Out plant with elongated inflorescence corresponds with the descrip¬ tion of T. Molinerii Balbis (Cat. Hort. Taur. App. 1: 17. 1813). 5 Trifolium arvense L. Sp. PI. 769. 1753 Rabbit-foot clover, old field or stone clover ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 44 1 In fields and waste places, especially in dry or sandy or rocky soil. Locally common in many parts of the State outside of the higher Adirondacks. Naturalized from Europe. 6 Trifolium pratense L. Sp. PL 768. 1753 Red, purple or meadow clover In fields and meadows. Very common. Naturalized from Europe and common in cultivation. A white-flowered form was collected at Sandlake, Rensselaer county by Doctor Peck. 7 Trifolium medium L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 105. 1759 Zig-zag or mammoth clover T. pennsylvanicum Willd. Enum. 793. 1809 In fields, meadows and waste places. Native of Europe. Frequently cultivated and common as an escape or naturalized plant in many localities. 8 Trifolium reflexum L. Sp. PI. 766. 1753 Buffalo clover In meadows and fields. Infrequent or rare from central New York westward and southward. Utica, Miss Sheldon, fide Kneiskern ; Genesee Falls, Dewey, fide Eaton (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 169. 1843). Deerfield, Oneida county, Gilbert (Torr. Club Bui. n: 76. 1884, as T. stoloniferum) . South mountain, Broome county, Millspaugh (Torr. Club Bui. 12: 101. 1885). Macedon, Wayne county, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 56. 1896). Some of these records doubtless represent adventive migration from the west or south, if correctly determined. 9 Trifolium hybridum L. Sp. PI. 766. 1753 Alsike or Alsatian clover In meadows and waste places. Often, cultivated. Native of Europe and locally common as an escape or naturalized plant in many parts of the State. 7 Trifolium repens L. Sp. PI. 767. 1753 White clover In fields, waste ground and open places. Common. Naturalized from Europe. Forming a large part of lawn seed mixtures. LOTUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 773. 1753 Lotus corniculatus L., l.c. Bird’s-foot trefoil, bloom-fell In' waste places, fields, meadows and on ballast. Locally common about New York, Albany and other cities. Naturalized from Europe. 44- NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ACMISPON Raf. New FI. i : 53. 1836 Acmispon americanus (Nutt.) Rydberg, Torr. Club Bui. 40: 45. 1913 Prairie bird’s-foot trefoil Lotus sericeus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 489. 1814. Not DC. 1813 Trigonclla americana Nutt. Gen. 2: 120. 1818 Hosackia Purshiana Benth. Bot. Mag. 15: under pi. 1L57. 1829 A. sericeum Raf., l.c. //. americana Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11: 366. 1906 Native of the middle and western states. Adventive and established along railroad at Pittsford, Monroe county J. B. Fuller (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 11. 1910). Psoralea esculenta Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 475. 1814. Indian bread-root, pome blanche or prairie apple ; native of the plains and prairies of the central states, south to Texas and west to Montana; was reported from Fort Edward, Washington county, by Frank R. Rathbun of Auburn in 1857, and said by him to have been identified by Solomon Sias, then professor of natural history in the Fort Edward Collegiate Institute (Waterloo Observer, July 1890). If correctly determined it was probably but a casual introduction or an escape from cultivation. ANTHYLLIS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 719. 1753 Anthyllis vulneraria L., l.c. Kidney vetch, ladies’ fingers Adventive in fields and on ballast about New York City and in waste places about Rochester. Native of Europe. AMORPHA L. Sp. PI. 713. 1753 Amorpha fruticosa L., l.c. False or bastard indigo, lead plant Native from Pennsylvania westward and southward. Naturalized or escaped from cultivation northward to Staten Island, Long Island, the Hudson river valley north to Albany, near Rochester, and doubt¬ less elsewhere. CRACCA L. Sp. PI. 752. 1753 Tephrosia Pers. Syn. 2: 328. 1807 Cracca virginiana L., l.c. Goat’s rue, wild sweet pea Galega znrginiana L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1062. 1763 Tephrosia virginiana Pers., l.c. T. holosericea Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7: 105. 1834 C. holosericea Britten & Rendle, Jour. Bot. 38 : 15. 1900 In dry sandy soil. Infrequent or local northward across the State outside of the Adirondack region. Increasingly abundant southward. Common in the sandy plains of Albany, Saratoga and Schenectady counties, in central New York about Oneida lake, and reported from Junius, Seneca county, and from Watson, Lewis county, (Hough). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 443 ROBINIA L. Sp. 722. 1753 Pseudoacacia (Tourn.) Medic, in Vorles. Churpf. Phys. Ges. 2: 364. 1787 Robinia Pseudoacacia L l.c. Black or yellow locust P. odorata Moench, Meth. 145. 1794 P. vulgaris Tourn. ; Greene, Man. Bot. San Franc. 88. 1894 Native from Pennsylvania southward. Commonly naturalized from long cultivation northward to Lake Ontario, St Lawrence county, the Adirondack foothills and Lake Champlain. 2 Robinia viscosa Vent. Hort. Cels. pi. 4. 1800 Clammy locust, rose acacia Native of the southern Appalachians. Frequent in cultivation north¬ ward and well established in many sections of the State northward to St Lawrence county and the upper Hudson valley. 3 Robinia hispida L. Mant. 101. 1767 Bristly or moss locust P. hispida Moench., l.c. Frequent in cultivation. Native of the southern Appalachian region. Apparently established only in southern New York. SESBANIA (Adams. Fam. PI. 2: 327. 1763 as Sesban)— Scop. Introd. 308. 1777 Sesbania macrocarpa Muhl. ; Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 221. 1821 Pea tree, Long-podded sesban Native of the southerq States and adventive on ballast northward to New York. Kraunhia floribunda (Willd.) Taub. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 33: 271. 1894 (Wisteria floribwida DC. Prodr. 2: 390. 1825), the Japanese wisteria, native of Japan, and common in cultivation, is very rare as an escape, more often merely spreading or persistent, especially in the southern part of the State. GLYCYRRHIZA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 741. 1753 Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh, PI. Am. Sept. 480. 1814 Wild or American licorice Native from Hudson bay south to the Great Lakes and west to Iowa and Washington. Reported near Buffalo on sandy shore of Lake Erie, apparently adventive from the west ( Clinton in Gray, Add. to Bot. No. U. S. xci. 1863). ♦Robinia Slavnii Rehder (Jour. Arnold Arb. 3: 38. 1922) [R. Kelseyi x pseudoacacia ] originated at Durant- Eastman Park, Rochester, from seed col¬ lected by B. H. Slavin from Robinia Kelseyi Hutchins, cultivated in the park. 444 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PETALOSTEMUM Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 48. 1803 Petalostemum purpureum (Vent.) Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 : 238. 1900 Violet or purple prairie-clover Dalea purpurea Vent. Hort. Cels. pi. 40. 1800 P. violaceum Michx., l.c. 50 Dalea violacea Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1337. 1803 Kuhnistera purpurea MacM. Met. Minn. 329. 1892 Native of the prairies and plains from Indiana and Manitoba to Texas and Colorado. Adventive along railroad tracks at East Rochester, Baxter, 1922. ASTRAGALUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 755. 1753 Astragalus carolinianus L., l.c. 757 Carolina or Canadian milk vetch A. canadensis L., l.c. Tragacantha canadensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 941. i8qi Fhaca canadensis MacM. Met. Minn. 325. 1892 Along the shores of streams and lakes. Infrequent from Onon¬ daga, Cayuga and Broome counties westward. Reported from Hudson river at Troy, Wright & Hall (Cat. PI. Troy 8. 1836), but not since seen there. East side Onondaga lake; Seneca lake, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. 72. 1865). Scarce on shores of Cayuga lake. Dudley (Cayuga Flora 24. 1886). Port Crane, Broome county, Millspaugh; Hemlock lake, Livingston county, Lucy (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 30. 1898). Banks of Gene¬ see river and at Long pond, Monroe county, and in Wayne county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 57. 1896). Manitou beach, Monroe county, House. The specimen of A. canadensis in the Linnaean herbarium marked “ H. U.” (Hortus Upsalensis), belongs to Phaca neglecta, but the specimens from Kalm are the proper A. canadensis (T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 : 694. 1841 ). PHACA L. Sp. PI. 755. 1753 Phaca neglecta T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 : 344. 1838 Cooper’s milk vetch Astragalus Cooperi A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 98. 1856 A. neglectus Sheldon, Bui. Geol. Surv. Minn. 9: 59. 1894 Tragacantha neglecta Kuntze, l.c. On banks and shores. Onondaga county westward. Rare. Slopes along Onondaga lake between Salina and Liverpool, Paine (Cat. 72. 1865). Banks of Genesee river below the falls (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 57. 1896). Niagara Falls Torrey. Rare on banks of Cayuga lake, Dudley (Cayuga FI. 24. 1886). Strawberry Island and Niagara Falls, Day (Cat. PI. Buffalo 28 L ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 445 ONOBRYCHIS (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th Abr. ed. 1754 Onobrychis Onobrychis (L.) Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 256. 1900 Sainfoin Hedysarurn Onobrychis L. Sp. PI. 751- 1753 0. viciaefolia Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, 2: 76. 1772 O. sativa Lam. FI. Fr. 2: 652. 1778 0. vulgaris Hill, Brit. Herb. 293. 1756 In fields and waste ground. Near Gowanda, Erie county. Dorothy Raymond, 1918; Dr Anne E. Perkins, 1919. Native of Europe. Reported by Day as naturalized at Port Abion, Ontario. COLUTEA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 72 3. 1753 Colutea arborescens L., l.c. Bladder senna Native of Europe. Frequent in cultivation and reported as escaped and established near Rochester, and in southern New York. CORONILLA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 742. 1753 Coronilla varia L., l.c. 743 Axseed, axwort, coronilla Roadsides and waste places, sometimes in meadows. Infrequent but when established becoming abundant. Naturalized in many parts of the State. Native of Europe. STYLOSANTHES Sw. Prodr. FI. Ind. Occ. 108. 1788 Stylosanthes biflora (L.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 13. 1888 Pencil flower Trifolium biflormn L. Sp. PI. 773. 1753 5". elatior Sw. Svensk. Acad. Handl. 1789: 296. pi. 2. f. 2. 1789 S. hispida Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 75. 1803 Arachis aprica Walt. FI. Car. 182. 1788 In dry, usually sandy soil. Frequent in Suffolk county, less com¬ mon westward on Long Island and rare on Staten Island. Reported from Westchester county. MEIBOMIA Heist.; Fabr. Enum. PI. Hort. Helmst. 168. 1759 Desmodium Desv. Jour. Bot. (II). 1: 122. pi. 5. f 75. 1813 Pleurolobus St. Hil. ; MacM. Met. Minn. 319. 1893 i Meibomia nudiflora (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 197. 1891 Naked-flowered tick trefoil Hedysarurn nudiflorum L. Sp. PI. 749. 1753 Desmodium nudiflorum DC. Prodr. 2: 330. 1825 Pleurolobus nudiflorus MacM.. l.c. 321 In dry or rich woodlands and opens. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State outside of the higher Adiron- 446 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM dacks. Forma Dudleyi House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 52. 1923, with white flowers, collected by W. H. Dudley at Thacher’s Pinnacle, West Danby. 2 Meibomia grandiflora (Walt.) Ktintze, l.c. 196 Pointed-leaved tick trefoil H cdysarum grandiflorum Walt. FI. Car. 185. 1788 H. acuminatum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 72. 1803 Desmodium acuminatum DC. Prodr. 2: 329. 1825 Pleurolobus grandiflorus MacM., l.c. In dry or rocky places, usually in open woods. Locally frequent across the State south of the Adirondacks. 3 Meibomia pauciflora (Nutt.) Kuntze, l.c. 198 Few-flowered tick trefoil Hedysarum pauciflormn Nutt. Gen. 2: 109. 1818 Desmodium pauciflormn DC. Prodr. 2: 330. 1825 In open woods. Infrequent or rare from Seneca, Cayuga, Wayne and Chemung counties westward and southward. 4 Meibomia Michauxii Vail, Torr. Club Bui. 23: 140. 1896 Prostrate tick trefoil Hedysarum canesccns Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1188. 1803. Not L. H. rotundifolium Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 72. 1803. Not Vahl, 1791 Desmodium rotundifolium DC. Prodr. 2: 330. 1825 M. rotundifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 197. 1891 In dry woods and borders of woods and thickets. Frequent or common across the State southward. Less common or local north¬ ward to Saratoga, Oneida, Oswego, Monroe and Erie counties. 5 Meibomia glabella (Michx.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 198. 1891 Trailing tick trefoil Hedysarum glabellum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 73. 1803 D. humifusum Beck, Bot. 86. 1833 In dry sandy woods. Rare. Reported from near Yonkers, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 403. 1915). 6 Meibomia sessilifolia (Torr.) Kuntze, l.c. Sessile-leaved tick trefoil Hedysarum sessilifolium Torr.; Curtis, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 123. 1834 D. sessilifolium T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 : 363. 1838 In dry soil of open fields- and borders of woods and thickets. A rare species ranging from Connecticut westward and southward. Not definitely recorded from New York, although the old Cabinet collec¬ tion contains a specimen without definite data supposed to have been collected in southern New York. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 447 7 Meibomia canescens (L.) Kuntze, l.c. 195 Hoary tick trefoil Hedysarum canescens L. Sp. PI. 748. 1753 D. canescens DC. Prodr. 2: 328. 1825 D. Aikinianum Beck, Bot. 84. 1833 D. Aikcni Eaton, Man. ed. 7, 166. 1836 D. viridiflorum DC, l.c., not Beck H. viridiflorum Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1192. 1803. Not L. Pleurolobus canescens MacM., l.c. 319 In rich soil. Infrequent or rare across the State. Schenectady, Pearson; Seneca lake, Beck; Gorham, Sartwcll (Paine, Cat. 73. 1865). Penn Yan, S. H. Wright (Dudley, Cayuga FI. 24. 1886). Orleans county, Miss Weld (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 58. 1896). Shushan, Washington county, Burnham & Dobbin. 8 Meibomia bracteosa (Michx.) Kuntze, l.c. 195 Large-bracted tick trefoil Hedysarum bractcosum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 73. 1803 H. cuspidatum Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1188. 1803 D. bracteosum DC. Prodr. 2: 329. 1825 D. cuspidatum Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1: 23. 1835 In thickets and open woods. Infreqeunt across the State outside of the Adirondack region. Increasingly frequent westward and southward in the State. 9 Meibomia paniculata (L.) Kuntze, l.c. 198 Panicled tick trefoil Hedysarum paniculatum L. Sp. PI. 749. 1753 Desmodium paniculatum DC. Prodr. 2: 329. 1825 Peurolobus paniculatus MacM., l.c. 320 In dry soil of open woods and thickets, often in the open. Frequent or common across the State outside of the Adirondacks, but extend¬ ing, in sandy sections, well into the eastern, southern and western foothills. 10 Meibomia laevigata (Nutt.) Kuntze, l.c. 198 Smooth tick trefoil Hedysarum laevigatum Nutt. Gen. 2: 109. 1818 Desmodium laevigatum DC. Prodr. 2: 329. 1825 In dry woods. Frequent on Long Island, less so on Staten Island and rare in southern Westchester county. 11 Meibomia viridiflora (L.) Kuntze, l.c. 197 Velvet-leaved tick trefoil Hedysarum viridiflorum L. Sp. PI. 748. 1753 Desmodium viridiflorum Beck, Bot. 84. 1833. Not DC. 1825 448 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In dry woods. Infrequent in southern New York. Rare and local* northward and westward to Schenectady, Herkimer and Seneca coun¬ ties. Near Tarrytown, Hall; Plains of Schenectady, Pearson; Herkimer county, Beck; Seneca lake, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 73. 1865). Rare at Greenport, Long Island, Burnham & Latham (Tor- reya 14: 244. 1914). Tottenville, Staten Island, Britton. 12 Meibomia Dillenii (Darlington) Kuntze, l.c. 195 Dillen’s tick trefoil Hcdysarum marylandicum Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1189. 1803. Not L. Desmodium marilandicum DC. Prodr. 2: 238. 1825 (excl. syn. L.) D. Boattii Torrey, Curtis, Cat. PI. Wilmington, 1837 D. Dillenii Darlington, FI. Cest. 414. 1837 Pleurolobus Dillenii MacM., l.c. 321 In -woods, thickets and moist open places. Common in most sections of the State except the higher Adirondacks and the northern counties. 13 Meibomia canadensis (L.) Kuntze, l.c. 195 Canadian or showy tick trefoil, sainfoil Hedysarum canadense L. Sp. PI. 748. 1753 Desmodium canadense DC. Prodr. 2: 328. 1825 Pleurolobus canadensis MacM., l.c. 319 In thickets and on river banks. Frequent or common across the State. In the Adirondacks to 2000 feet altitude. Rare or absent on the coastal plain of Long Island. 14 Meibomia rigida (Ell.) Kuntze, l.c. 198 Rigid tick trefoil Hcdysarum rigidum Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 215. 1824 Desmodium rigidum DC. Prodr. 2: 330. 1825 In dry soil of open woods, fields and thickets. Frequent on Long Island, Staten Island and in Westchester county. Rare or local northward to Albany county and westward to Monroe and Erie counties. 15 Meibomia marylandica (L.) Kuntze, l.c. 198 Smooth small-leaved tick trefoil Hedysarum marylandicum L. Sp. PI. 748. 1753 Desmodium marylandicum Boott; Darlington, FI. Cest. 412. 1837. Not DC. 1825 In dry or sandy soil of open woods, fields and thickets. Frequent or common on Long Island, Staten Island and in Westchester county. Local or rare northward to Schenectady and westward to Lake Erie. Schenectady plains, Pearson; Yates county, Sartzvell (Paire Cat. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 449 PL Oneida Co. 73. 1865). Irondequoit bay, Booth; Greece, Mon¬ roe county, Killip; Wayne county, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 38. 1896; 5: 89. 1917). Sullivan hill, Tioga county, Lucy; Waverly, Chemung county, Graves (Clute, FI. Upper Sus¬ quehanna 30. 1898). Ithaca and White Church, Dudley (Cayuga FI. 25. 1886). 16 Meibomia obtusa (Muhl.) Vail, Torr. Club Bui. 19: 115. 1892 Hairy small-leaved tick trefoil Hedysarum obtusum Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1190. 1803 H. ciliare Muhl., Willd., l.c. 1196 Desmodium ciliare DC. Prodr. 2: 329. 1825 In dry soil, chiefly in open woods and thickets. Occasional or frequent on Long Island, Staten Island and in Westchester county. Local or rare northward to Rensselaer county and westward across the State. Pine plains of Rome, Kneiskern; Yates county, Sartwell (Paine, l.c.). Green Island, Wright & Hall (Cat. PI. Troy 15. 1836). Irondequoit bay, Baxter; Allen’s creek, Fish; Mendon, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 58. 1896; 5: 11. 1910). \ —T ... LESPEDEZA Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 ; 70. 1803 1 Lespedeza repens (L.) Bart. Prodr. FI. Phila. 2: 77. 1818 Creeping bush clover Hedysarum, repens L. Sp. PI. 749. 1753 H. prostratum Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1200. 1803 L. prostrata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 481. 1814 In dry or sandy soil. Infrequent in the southeastern part of the State on Long Island and Staten Island and rarely in Westchester county. 2 Lespedeza procumbens Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 70. 1803 Trailing bush clover Hedysarum repens Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1200. 1803. Not L. 1753 In dry soil. Frequent in the southeastern part of the State. Rare or local northward to Schenectady county and west to Yates county, Sartwell. 3 Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers. Syn. 2: 318. 1807 Violet bush clover Hedysarum violaceum L. Sp. PI. 749. 1753 (excl. syn. Gronovius, which belongs to Psoralea melilotoides Michx.) H. frutescens L., l.c. 748, as to the single citation given, viz : " H. fol. ternatis, etc., not L. frutescens Ell., not L. frutescens Britt” L. divergens Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 481. 1814 45° NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In dry or sandy soil. Common across the State southward. Less frequent or locally common northward in sandy sections to Lake Champlain and the St Lawrence river, but not in the Adirondacks, and westward’ to Lake Erie. The specimens reported from Monroe county as L. Stuvei (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 58. 1896), are partly this, and partly L. inter¬ media. 4 Lespedeza Brittonii Bicknell, Torreya 1 : 103. 1901 Britton’s bush clover L. violacea var. divergens T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 367. 1840; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 183. 1843. Not Hedysarum divergens Willd., and not L. diverg¬ ens Pursh. In dry woodlands and borders of woods. Infrequent in the southern and southeastern part of the State, northward to Bronx- ville, Bicknell; Rensselaer county and Albany county House. Prob¬ ably of wider distribution. 5 Lespedeza Nuttallii Darlington, FI. Cest. ed. 2, 420. 1837 Nuttall’s bush clover L. Stuvei Dari. Florul. Cest. 81. 1826. Not Nutt. 1818 In dry soil of open woods, fields and borders. Infrequent from Rensselaer county, Peck, southward. 6 Lespedeza Stuvei Nutt. Gen. 2: 107. 1818 Stuve’s bush clover In dry soil. Frequent on Long Island and Staten Island. Rare northward to Rensselaer county, Howe; and westward to Tompkins county, Dudley. 7 Lespedeza intermedia (S.Wats.) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 12: 63. 1893 Wand-like bush clover L. violacea var. sessiliflora T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 367. 1840; Torr. FI. N. Y. 1 : 183. 1843. Not L. sessiliflora Michx. L. reticulata S. Wats. Bibliog. Ind. 1 : 233. 1878. Not Pers. L. Stuvei var. intermedia S. Wats.; Gray, Man. ed. 6, 147. 1890 L. frutescens Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 205. 1894. Not L. frutescens (Willd.) Ell.; not Hedysarum frutescens L. In dry, usually sandy soil. Frequent across the State south of the Adirondacks. Common southward especially on Long Island and Staten Island. Variable. 8 Lespedeza neglecta (Britton) Mackenzie & Bush, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 12: 17. 1902 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 451 L. Stuvei augustifolia Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 12: 63. 1893 L. Stuvei neglecta Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 206. 1894 Stems upright, greenish, slender, 3-10 dm high, wand-like, some¬ times arching, usually nearly or quite erect; very leafy, simple or with few or several densely-flowered wand-like branches toward the summit; densely and softly velvety-pubescent or canescent with short, spreading hairs : petioles mainly shorter, rarely as long as the linear-oblong or lanceolate-oblong leaflets which are acute at the base and blunt or rounded at the mucronulate apex; leaflets 12-25 mm long, 4-8 mm broad, pale green with short appressed pubescence above which in younger and upper leaves is densely velvety, densely velvety pubescent beneath ; terminal leaflet rather long-stalked ; peduncles not leaf-bearing and shorter than the subtending petioles, clustered in the upper axils, the clusters or racemes 4-10 flowered; petaliferous flowers pinkish-purple, somewhat larger than the inter¬ mixed fertile ones; calyx 1.5-2 mm long, much shorter than the orbicular, abruptly acute, canescent pods. Port Washington, Long Island, House, Sept. 16, 1915. By its pubescence and wand-like habit this plant strongly resembles L. stuvei, and was photographed as such for the Wild Flowers of New York. 9 Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 12; 64. 1893 Slender bush clover Medicago virginica L. Sp. PI. 77 8. 1753 Hedysarum junceum Walt. FI. Car. 185. 1788. Not L. L. sessiliflora Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 70. 1803 Hedysarum reticulatum Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1195. 1803 L. reticulata Pers. Syn. 2: 318. 1807 L. angustifolia Dari. FI. Cest. 81. 1826. Not Ell. 1824 L. violacea vars. angustifolia & sessiliflora T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 : 367. 1840 In dry or sandy soil. Frequent or occasional on Long Island, and Staten Island. Reported by Paine (Cat. 73. 1863), from Schenectady, Pearson; but not recently collected north of West¬ chester county. 10 Lespedeza simulata Mackenzie & Bush, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 12: 18. 1902 In dry soil. Rare. The range is reported as extending east to Connecticut, but it has not been definitely reported from this State. 11 Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. Hort. Havn. 699. 1807 Hairy bush clover Hedysarum hirtum L. Sp. PI. 748. 1753 L. polystachya Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 71. pi. 40. 1803 L. villosa Pers. Syn. 2: 318. 1807 Despeleza hirta Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 176. 1914 In dry, usually sandy soil.. Frequent or common across the State outside of the Adirondacks. Locally northward to the shores of 15 452 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Lake Champlain in Essex county, and to Jefferson county. Increas¬ ingly common southward in the State. 12 Lespedeza capitata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 71. 1803 Round-headed bush clover ? Hedysarum umbellatum Walt. FI. Car. 184. 1788 Hedysarum frutescens Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1193. 1803. Not L. L. fruticosa Pers. Syn. 2: 318. 1807 L. frutescens Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 206. 1824 L. capitata var. vulgaris T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 368. 1840 In dry, usually sandy fields. Frequent or common across the State outside of the Adirondacks, north to Lake Champlain and Jefferson county, and westward to Lake Erie. Increasingly common south¬ ward. 13 Lespedeza Bicknellii House, Torreya 5 : 167. 1905 Bicknell’s bush clover L. velutina Bicknell, Torreya 1: 102. Sept. 1901. Not Dunn, Febr. 1901 L. capitata var. velutina Fernald, Rhodora 10: 51. 1908 In dry fields. Occasional in the southeastern part of the State. Not recorded north of Westchester county. Closely related to the preceding and by some authorities regarded as a variety or form of it. 14 Lespedeza angustifolia (Pursh) Ell. Bot. S.C. & Ga. 2: 206. 1824 Narrow-leaved bush clover L. capitata var. angustifolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 480. 1814 In dry sandy soil. A southern species found at Hempstead Plains. Long Island. VICIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 734. 1753 1 Vicia Cracca L. Sp. PI. 735. 1753 Tufted or cow vetch, blue or bird vetch In rather dry soil of fields, meadows and thickets. Frequent across the State northward where apparently native. Locally abundant southward to the vicinity of New York City where it appears to be adventive. 2 Vicia villosa Roth, Tent. FI. Germ. 22: 182. 1793 European vetch In fields and meadows, or sometimes in waste grounds. Infre¬ quent or locally abundant throughout the State outside of the densely wooded areas. Naturalized or adventive from Europe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 453 3 Vicia americana Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1096. 1803 American or purple vetch V. sylvatica Nutt. Gen. 2: 97. 1818 In moist grounds, chiefly along streams and lakes. Locally abundant from Tioga, Tompkins, Oneida and St Lawrence counties westward across the State. 4 Vicia caroliniana Walt. FI. Car. 182. 1788 Carolina or pale vetch V. parviflora Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 69. 1803 On river banks, cliffs and in fields and meadows or open woods. Susquehanna and Chenango valleys and Oneida county, westward and southward. Rare toward the east of its range. Increasingly abundant westward and southward. 5 Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Moench, Meth. 148. 1794 Slender vetch Ervum tetraspermum L. Sp. PI. 738. 1753 In fields, meadows and waste places. Frequent or common in many sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 6 Vicia hirsuta (L.) Koch, Syn. FI. Germ. 191. 1837 Hairy vetch Ervum hirsutum L. Sp. PI. 738. 1753 Vicia Mitchelli Raf. Prec. Decouv. 37. 1814 In fields and waste places. Frequent or common. Naturalized from Europe. 7 Vicia sativa L. Sp. PI. 736. 1753 Common vetch or tare In fields or waste places. Infrequent or occasional in many parts of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 8 Vicia angustifolia L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 105. 1759 Narrow-leaved vetch In fields and waste places, chiefly near the coast. Infrequent inland to Rensselaer, Jefferson, St Lawrence and Monroe counties, and perhaps more widely distributed across the State. Naturalized from Europe. Northward the var. segetalis (Thuill.) Koch, is the prevailing form. , LATHYRUS L. Sp. PI. 729. 1753 1 Lathyrus maritimus (L.) Bigel FI. Bost. ed. 2, 268. 1824 Beach pea, seaside pea Pisum maritimum L; Sp. PI. 727. 1753 454 NEW YORK STATE' MUSEUM In sandy soil along the coast of Long Island; the eastern end of Oneida lake and along Lake Ontario from Jefferson county west¬ ward, and along the shore of Lake Erie. Our form of the species is designated as var. glaber (Ser.) Eames, Rhodora ix: 95. 1909, the typical European form being pubescent. 2 Lathyrus palustris L. Sp. PI. 733. 1753 Marsh vetchling, wild pea In moist or wet grounds. Locally abundant northward across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks, chiefly along the St Law¬ rence and Lake Ontario. Elsewhere local southward to Long Island and westward to Lake Erie. Var. macranthus (T.G. White) Fernald, Rhodora 13: 50. 1911. Similar to the typical species but finely pubescent on the stems, leaves, calyces and pods. Murray Island, Jefferson county, Robinson & Maxon. Var. linearifolius Seringe, in DC. Prodr. 2: 371. 1825. (L. viciaeformis Wallr. Sched. Crit. 388. 1822). A very distinct variety, with very narrow leaflets and the lower lobes of the calyx less elongated. Usually quite glabrous and apparently of the same range as the typical form, and in this State commonly found with it. Var. pilosus (Cham.) Ledeb. FI. Ross. 1: 686. 1842 (L. pilosus Cham. Linnaea 6: 548. 1831). Similar to var. linearifolius, but stems, leaves, calyces and pods, finely and usually densely pubescent. Wading River, Long Island, E. S. Miller. 3 Lathyrus myrtifolius Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1091. 1803 Myrtle-leaved marsh pea L. stipulaceus LeConte, in Torr. Cat. PI. N. Y. 92. 1819 L. palustris var. myrtifolius A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 30. 1849 In moist or wet grounds, especially along the shores of streams, lakes and ponds. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State, especially northward and westward. Less frequent or rare on Long Island. 4 Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 159. 1833 Cream-colored or pale vetchling L. glaucifolius Beck, Bot, 90. 1833 L. albidus Aiken in Eaton, Man. ed. 7, 362. 1836 On river banks and hillsides. Rare and local from Lake Champlain to the St Lawrence river. Increasingly abundant southward and westward in the State from Broome and Tompkins counties to Chautauqua county. Bluffs of northern Lake Champlain, Brainerd. Watertown, ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 455 Crawe. Binghamton and Elmira, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 31. 1898). Watertown, Crawe, Gorham, Ontario county, Sartwell, and Monroe county, Booth (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 74. 1865). Ithaca, Tompkins county, Sheldon. Fall creek, ravines and shores of Cayuga lake, Dudley (Cayuga Flora 26, 1886). Portageville, Peck. Frequent along Genesee river and in Seneca Park (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 59. 1896). Carrollton, Peck (45th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 26. 1893). Lake Chautauqua, /. R. Churchill, Barton, Tioga county, Fenno. 5 Lathyrus latifolius L. Sp. PI. 733. 1753 Everlasting pea In waste places and along roadsides, occasionally escaped from cultivation and established. Native of Europe. CLITORIA F. Sp. PI. 753- U53 Ternatea [L.] H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 415. 1823 Clitoria mariana F., l.c. Butterfly pea Ternatea mariana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Sp. 210. 1891 In dry soil, New Jersey southward. Formerly near Brooklyn (Torrey FI. N. Y. 1: 163. 1843), but not since collected in this State, and probably no longer a member of our flora. GLYCINE L. Sp. PI. 753- U53 Bradleia Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 324. 1763 Apios Moench, Meth. 165. 1794 Glycine Apios L., l.c. Groundnut, wild bean Apios tuberosa Moench, Meth. 165.. 1794 Apios Apios MacM. Torr. Club Bui. 19: 15. 1892 Phaseolus tuberosus Eaton & Wright, Man. 354. 1840 In moist ground, especially in alluvial thickets along streams. Frequent or common in most parts of the State but rare in most sections of the Adirondacks and apparently absent from the northern portion of the Adirondacks. FALCATA Gmel. in L. Syst. Nat. ed. 13, 2: 1131. 1796 Amphicarpa Ell. Jour. Acad. Phila. 1: 372. 1817 I Falcata comosa (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 182. 1891 Wild or hog peanut Glycine comosa L. Sp. PI. 754. 1753 G. bracteata L., l.c. G. monoica L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1023. 1763 Amphicarpa monoica Ell., l.c. 373 In moist thickets and open marshy places. Common throughout the State. 456 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Falcata Pitcheri (T. & G.) Kuntze, l.c. Pitcher’s hog peanut Amphicarpa Pitcheri T. & G. FI. N. Am. i: 292. 1838 In moist thickets and woods. Rensselaer and Saratoga counties southward, westward to St Lawrence county and Lake Erie. Infre¬ quent or locally abundant. GALACTIA P. Br. Hist. Jamaic. 298. 1756 — Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 322. 1763 1 Galactia volubilis (L.) Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 208. 1894 Downy milk pea Hedysarum voluhile L. Sp. PI. 750. 175.3 G. mollis Nutt. Gen. 2: 117. 1818. Not Michx. 1803 G. pilosa Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 238. 1824. Not Nutt. 1818 In dry soil. Long Island and Staten Island. 2 Galactia regularis (L.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 14. 1888 Milk pea Dolichos regularis L. Sp. PI. 726. 1753 G. glabella Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 62. 1803 G. Purshii Desv. Ann. Sci. Nat. 9: 413. 1825 In dry or sandy soil. Frequent or common near the coast of Long Island and Staten Island. Less common or rare northward into Westchester county, to Peekskill, Mead (Torr. FI. N. Y. 1 : 162. 1843). PUERARIA DC. In Ann. Sci. Nat. I. 4: 97. 1825 Pueraria Thunbergiana (Sieb. & Zucc.) Benth. Jour, Linn. Soc. 9 : 122. 1867 Kudzu vine Pachyrizus Thunbergianus Sieb. & Zucc. in Abh. Akad. Muench. IV. 3: 237. 1846 Native of China and frequent in cultivation. Escaped to waste ground on Staten Island. CICER (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 738. 1753 Cicer arietinum L., l.c. Chick pea Native of southern Europe and the Orient. Occasional in cultiva¬ tion. Spontaneous or escaped from cultivation in waste places. Rochester, D. M. White. ERVUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 738. 1753 Lens (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. abr. ed. 4, 1754 Ervum Lens L., l.c. Lens ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 457 Lens escnlenta Moench, Meth. 131. 1794 Lens culinaria Medic. Vorles. Churpf. Phys. Ges. 2: 361. 1787 ('Acer Lens Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1114. 1800 Vicia Lens Coss. & Germ. FI. Par. ed. 1, 143. 1845 Native of the Old World. Occasional in cultivation. Escaped or spontaneous in waste ground. Rochester, D. M. White. FABA (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. abr. ed. 4, 1754 Faba Faba (L.) comb. nov. Broad, Windsor or dwarf English bean Vicia Faba L. Sp. PI. 737. 1753 Vicia esculenta Salisb. Prodr. 339. 1797 Vicia vulgaris S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 617. 1821 Faba vulgaris Moench, Meth. 150. 1794 Native of the Old World. Frequent in cultivation. Escaped from cultivation or spontaneous in waste ground, Rochester. D. M. White. PHASEOLUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 723. 1753 1 Phaseolus polystachyus (L.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 15. 1888 Wild bean Dolichos polystachyus L. Sp. PI. 726. 1753 F. panirulatus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 60. 1803 P. perennis Walt. FI. Car. 182. 1788 In dry or sandy soil of thickets and borders of marshes. Long Island and Staten Island. Perhaps also in southern Westchester county. 2 Phaseolus vulgaris L. Sp. PI. 723. 1753 Garden or common bean Believed to be of tropical American origin. The original of all of the common garden pole and bush beans, aside from the lima types, including the pole cranberry. Runs into many forms or varieties. Oc¬ casionally persistent in waste ground especially after cultivation, but apparently not entirely hardy, and hence although often seen as an escape, not apt to become persistent for more than a season. STROPHOSTYLES Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 229. 1822 1 Strophostyles angulosa (Ort.) Ell. l.c. Trailing wild bean Phaseolus helvolus L. Sp. PI. 724. 1753 P. trilobus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 60. 1803. Not Roth. P. angulosus Ort. Nov. PI. 24. 1797 Glycine virginica Sprenpr. in Schrad. Jour. Bot. 2: 198. 1800 G. angulosa Muhl. in Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1056. 1803 S’, helvola (L.) Britton, in B. & B, Ill. FI. 2: 338. 1897 (doubtfully S', helvola (Willd.) Ell., l.c. 230) In sandy soil. Common on Long Island and Staten Island. Local 458 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM or rare in sandy or barren soil, northward to Albany county and westward along the south shore of Lake Ontario and along Lake Erie. 2 Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl.) Britton, l.c. 339 Pink wild bean Glycine umbellata Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1058. 1803 G. pedunculosa Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 360. 1808 G. peduncularis Muhl. Cat. 67. 1813 — Pliaseolus pcduncularis Bart. FI. Phila. 2: 81. 1818 .S’. peduncularis Ell., l.c. 230 Pliaseolus Helvola T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 ; 280. 3838. Not L. P. umbellatus Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. 9: 10. 1889 In sandy soil. Infrequent on Long Island. VIGNA Savi, Mem. Phas. 3: 7. 1826 Vigna repens (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 184. 1891 Native of tropical America and adventive on ballast near New York City. Probably not persistent. Family 57 GERANIACEAE J.St.Hil. Expos. Fam. 2; 51. 1805 Geranium family GERANIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 676. 1753 Robertium Picard, Mem. Soc. Agr. Boulogne II. 1: 99. 1837. Not R o b e r t i a Scop. 1777 Robertiella Hanks; Hanks & Small, N. Am. FI. 25: 3. 1907 1 Geranium Robertianum L. Sp. PI. 681. 1753 Herb Robert, red robin Robertium vulgare Picard, l.c. Robertiella Robertianum Hanks, l.c. In rocky woods or in rich humus soil in woodlands, rarely in light or sandy soil. Frequent or locally common across the State but rare on Long Island and Staten Island. Forma albiflora (G. Don) Hbuse, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244; 54. 1923. (G. Robertianum var. albiftorum G. Don, Gen. Syst. 1:721), at Sodus Bay, Batter shall (NY. State Mus. Bui. 2: 26. 1887). 2 Geranium pratense L. Sp. PI. 681. 1753 European crane’s-bill Native of Europe. Naturalized at Collins, Erie county, Dr Anne E. Perkins; and reported from a few other localities chiefly in southern New York. 3 Geranium maculatum L., l.c. Wild or spotted crane’s-bill Jn rich, moist or low woodlands and open places. Common ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 4§9 throughout the State -except in the higher and northern Aclirondacks. Forma albiflorum (Raf.) House, l.c., 48 (var. albfflorum Raf. Med. FI. 1: 217. 1828), with white corollas, occurs near Syracuse, Mrs M. 0. Rust (35th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 145. 1884). 4 Geranium sibiricum L., l.c. 683 Siberian crane’s-bill Reported as occurring rarely along roadsides in the northern part of New York City, and infrequently about cities in other portions of the State. Adventive from Asia. 5 Geranium columbianum L., l.c. 682 Long-stalked crane’s-bill Native of Europe and a rare adventive near Rochester and perhaps elsewhere. 6 Geranium rotundifolium L., l.c. 683 Round-leaved crane’s-bill Native of Europe and adventive on ballast about New York City. Occasional in lawns and fields elsewhere in the State. 7 Geranium carolinianum L. Sp. PI. 682. 1753 Carolina crane’s-bill In dry or barren soil. Locally abundant in the southeastern part of the State. Not definitely known north of the Hudson highlands. 8 Geranium Bicknellii Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 24: 92. 1897 Northern crane’s-bill G. carolinianum of northern N. Y. reports. (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 120. 1843, as var.) In dry soil and old fields. Frequent or locally common from St Lawrence county southward to Herkimer and Broome counties, westward to Lake Erie. Brownville, Jefferson county, Peck, House; Little Falls, Haberer (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 94: 32. 1905). Norfolk, Constable, Hammond and Potsdam, and often a garden weed, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. Pinnacle, Rochester, Macauley. Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 52. 1865; 5: 89. 1917). Diana, Lewis county, Hough (as G. carolinianum). Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 21. 1898, as carolinianum). Reported from Aqueduct, Long Island, Hulst (Torreya 2: 52. 1902). 9 Geranium disectum L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 282. 1760 Cut-leaved crane’s bill In waste places and in ballast, sometimes in lawns. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. 460 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 10 Geranium pusillum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 957. 1763 Small-flowered crane’s-bill In waste places, roadsides, lawns and old fields. Infrequent. Naturalized from Europe. 11 Geranium molle L. Sp. PI. 682. 1753 Dove’s-foot crane’s-bill In lawns and waste places. Infrequent or rare. Adventive from Europe. ERODIUM L’Her. ; Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 414. 1789 1 Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Her., l.c. Hemlock stork’s-bill or heron’s-bill, alfilaria Geranium cicutarium L. Sp. PI. 680. 1753 In waste places and in fields. Infrequent or locally common. Adventive from Europe. Introduced into this State long ago but rarely becoming common. Found by Vasey in 1837 on the shore of Oneida lake near Constantia. 2 Erodium moschatum (Burm. f.) L’Her., l.c. Geranium moschatimi Burm. f., Spec. Geran. 29. 1739 Native of Europe. Reported as a rare adventive in southeastern New York. Family 58 OXALIDACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 140. 1836 Wood Sorrel family, OXALIS L. Sp. PI. 433. 1753 Acetosella [Moehr. 1736] Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 90-93. 1891 Section Acetosella 1 Oxalis Acetosella L., l.c. White or true wood sorrel, alleluia O. montana Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 266. 1818; Ann. Nat. 12. 1820 O. vulgaris S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 630. 1821 O. americana Bigel. ; DC. Prodr. 1 : 700. 1824 A. alba Kuntze, l.c. 90 In cold damp mossy woods and on shaded banks. Common across the State northward. Less common southward to Dutchess, Dela¬ ware and Orange counties westward to Lake Erie. A form with rose-colored or purplish petals is designated as var. subpurpurascens DC. The common American form of the species differs only slightly from the European in the color and veining of the petals, and is certainly of no more than varietal rank. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 461 Section I 0 n o x a 1 i s 1 o n o x a 1 i s Small, FI. SE. U. S. 665. 1903 2 Oxalis violacea L., l.c. 434 Violet wood sorrel 0. longiflora L., l.c. 433 Ionoxalis violacea Small, l.c. A. violacea Kuntze, l.c. 91 In open woods and on hillsides. Rare northward across the State from Rensselaer to Lewis counties, westward and southward. In¬ creasingly common in the southern part of the State. Section Xa nth oxalis Xanthoxalis Small, FI. SE. U. S. 666. 1903 3 Oxalis stricta L., l.c. 435 Upriht yellow wood sorrel O. Dillenii Jacq. Oxal. 15, 28. 1794 0. corniculata var. Dillenii Trelease, in Gray, Syn. FI. i1: 365. 1897 X. stricta Small, l.c. 667 In moist or damp, usually rich soil, often in shade or in open wood¬ lands, but more frequently in the open. Very common in most sections of the State, outside of the higher Adirondacks. 4 Oxalis oneidica House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui 243-244: 43. 1923. Oneida yellow wood sorrel Stems erect from more or less decumbent bases, 5-15 cm high, arising from short or occasionally elongated (perennial ?) rootstocks, densely strigilose and slender ; foliage grayish with a very fine, closely appressed indument; leaflets 3, blades 8-12 mm wide, not appreciably abate ; peduncles longer than the petioles, rarely overtopping the stem and its branches, 2-flowered ; flowers erect, the pedicels ap- pressed-pubescent and refracted in fruit; sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, 2. 5-3. 5 mm long, half as broad; petals pale yellow, 8-10 mm long, obcordate or notched ; filaments glabrous ; capsules columnar, 12-15 mm long, rather abruptly pointed at the apex and densely appressed-pubescent. In dry sterile rocky and sandy fields. Taberg, Oneida county, H. D. House 614.0; June 5, 1919 (Type in herbarium N. Y. State Museum). Monroe county, E. P. Killip 6178. Closely related to 0. stricta, as described in the North American Flora, but differing in its uniform dense and grayish indument of finely appressed hairs which extends to all parts of the plant except the petals and filaments. 5 Oxalis corniculata L. Sp. PI. 435. 1753 Yellow procumbent wood sorrel 0. repens of Gray’s Man. ed. 7, 1908 X. corniculata Small, l.c. 667 On ballast about New York City, and occasionally a weed in 462 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM gardens and cultivated soil in southern New York and greenhouses elsewhere. Native of the warmer regions of the Old World. 6 Oxalis Bushii Small, Torr. Club Bui. 25: 61 1. 1898 Bush’s yellow wood sorrel X. Bushii Small, FI. SE. U. S. 667. 1903 In dry, usually sandy soil. Infrequent or locally abundant from Rensselaer and Saratoga counties westward to Oneida county and southward. Doubtless of wider distribution in the State. 7 Oxalis rufa Small, in Britton, Man. 577. 1901 Red-leaved yellow wood sorrel X. rufa Small, FI. SE. U. S. 668. 1903 In woods and moist shaded soil or in openings and fields. Fre¬ quent across the State outside of and chiefly south of th-e Adiron- dacks. 8 Oxalis filipes Small, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 2 : 349. 1897 Slender yellow wood sorrel X. filipes Small, FI. SE. U. S. 667. 1903 In dry soil and in open woods. Infrequent or locally abundant from Washington county to the St Lawrence westward, and south¬ ward across the State. 9 Oxalis Brittoniae Small, in Britton, Man. 577. 1901 Mrs Britton’s yellow wood sorrel X. Brittoniae Small, FI. SE. U. S. 668. 1903 In fields, op-en woods and grassy places. Frequent or common in the southern part of the State, especially in dry or sandy soil, north¬ ward to Albany county and doubtless westward across the State. 10 Oxalis europaea Jordan, in F. W. Schultz, Arch. FI. Fr. & Allem. 309— 311. 1854 Tall yellow wood sorrel 0. stricta Trelease in Gray, Syn. FI. i1: 366. 1897. Not L. 0. cymosa Small, Torr. Club Bui. 23: 267. 1896 O. corniculata Robinson, Jour. Bot. 44: 370. 1906; Gray, Man. ed. 7, 5.34. 1908. Not L. X. cymosa Small, FI. SE. U. S. 668. 1903 In woods, fields, thickets and low grounds, especially in recently cultivated soil or abandoned fields. . Common throughout most sec¬ tions of the State except the higher mountains. A common weed and doubtless of European origin. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 463 Family 59 LINACEAE Dumort. Comm. Bot. 61. 1822 Flax family LINUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 2 77. 1753 Section Eulinum (Linum proper) 1 Linum usitatissimum L., l.c. Flax, linseed Along roadsides, railroads and in waste grounds. Formerly a frequent weed. Adventive or naturalized from Europe or an escape from cultivation. The marked diminution in the cultivation of this plant in this State has resulted in its becoming a comparatively rare species in most sections where once it was a frequent escape. 2 Linum humile Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 2, 1768 In fields and along railroads or in waste ground. A rare or infre¬ quent adventive across the middle and southern portion of the State. Native of Europe. 3 Linum grandiflorum Desf. FI. Atlant. 1 : 277. 1800 Occasional in cultivation and rare as an escape from gardens or persistent about neglected grounds, chiefly in southern New York. Native of Europe. Section Linastrum Cathartolinum Reichenb. Handb. 307. 1837 L i n o p s i s Reichenb., l.c. Mesynium Raf. FI. Tellur. 3: 33. 1837 Nezera Raf. New FI. 4: 64. 1838 4 Linum striatum Walt. FI. Car. 118. 1788 Rigid yellow flax Nezera albiflora Raf. New FI. 4: 64. 1838 L. diffusum Wood, Bot. & Flor. 66. 1870 Cathartolinum striatum Small, N. Am. FI. 25: 71. 1907 In boggy or swampy depressions, sometimes in drier soil. Fre¬ quent on Long Island and Staten Island. Less common northward to the Hudson highlands and Newburgh. 5 Linum virginianum L. Sp. PI. 279. 1753 Wild or slender yellow flax Cathartolinum virginianum Reichenb. Flandb. 307. 1837 Nezera virginiana Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 152. 1913 In shaded situations or in dry fields. Infrequent across the State northward, outside of and chiefly south of the Adirondack's. Increas¬ ingly common southward. r>t- 464 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6 Linum medium (Planch.) Britton, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 2 : 349. 1897 Stiff yellow flax . virginianum var. medium Planch. Lond. Jour. Bot. 7: 480. 1848 . medium Small, l.c. 72 In dry soil. Frequent or locally abundant on Long Island and Staten Island. Rare northward or at least not reported. 7 Linum intercursum Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 39: 418. 1912 L. floridanum of N. Y. reports, not Trelease L. floridanum var. intercursum Weatherby, Rhodora 18: 224. 1916 Frequent in sandy fields and depressions on southern and eastern Long Island. 8 Linum sulcatum Riddell, Suppl. PI. Ohio 10, 1836 Grooved yellow flax L. Boottii Planch. Lond. Jour. Bot. 7: 475. 1848 L. simplex Wood, Bot. & Flor. 66. 1870 C. sulcatum Small, l.c. 78 In dry or rarely moist, usually sandy soil. Rare in the lower Hudson valley and in Bronx county (according to Taylor). Occasional or locally common in central and western New York from Broome, Cortland and Oneida counties westward. In central New York usually appearing as though adventive, but in western New York undoubtedly indigenous. Family 60 BALSAMINACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 138. 1836 ( Impatievitaceae Barnhart) Jewel weed family IMPATIENS (Rivin.) L. Sp. PI. 937. 1753 1 Impatiens biflora Walt. FI. Car. 219. 1788 Spotted or wild touch-me-not, silverleaf /. Noli tangcre, P. Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 149. 1803 /. maculata Muhl. Cat. 26. 1813 / fulva Nutt. Gen. 1: 146. 1818 In moist or wet soil. Common except in the higher portions of the Adirondack's where it is rare, or where found only along lakes, ponds and streams. Color forms of this species are described by Weatherby (Rhodora 19: 115-118. 1917). 2 Impatiens pallida Nutt. Gen. 1 : 146. 1818 Pale touch-me-not or jewelweed I. Noli tangcre, <*. Michx., l.c. I. palusris Nutt. Gen. 1 : 22Cv 1818 I. montana Raf. Atl. Jour. 153. 1820 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 465 In moist grounds. Common northward and westward in the State. Rare south of the Hudson highlands and not reported from south of the moraine on Long Island nor from Staten Island. Family 61 LIMNANTHACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 142. 1836 False mermaid family FLOERKEA Willd. Neue Schrift. Ges. Nat. Fr. 3: 448. 1801 Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd., l.c. False mermaid F. uliginosa Muhl. Cat. 36. 1813 — Eaton, Man. 248. 1818 — Raf. Am. Jour. Sci. 1: 374. 1819 F. palustris Nutt. Gen. 1: 229. 1818 Nectris pinnata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 239. 1814 In marshes and along rivers and ponds and quite shallow waters. Infrequent across the State south of the Adirondacks. Wet woods on flats of the Mohawk, three miles below Utica ; banks of the Lhiadilla, Gray; Auburn, Carey (Paine, Cat. PL Oneida Co. 68. 1865). Gates, Booth; Chili, Holzer; Adams Basin, Baxter; Fairport, Macauley; Bergen, Genesee county and Wayne county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 53. 1896). Syracuse, Goodrich (46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 41. 1893). Meadowdale, Albany county, Peck (50th Rep’t 120. 1897). Scarce in Tompkins county, five localities given, Dudley (Cayuga Flora 18. 1886.) Tarrytown Barnhart; Richmond county, Davis (52d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 651. 1899). Not recorded in the Flora of the Upper Susquehanna, by Clnte. Family 62 ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. 1830 Caltrop family TRIBULUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PL 386. 1753 Tribulus terrestris L., l.c. 387 Ground burnut, land caltrop In waste places and on ballast. Rare in southern New York. Adventive from Europe. i Family 63 RUT ACE AE Juss. Gen. 296. 1789 i Rue family ZANTHOXYLUM L. Sp. PI. 270. 1753 Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 2, 1768 (as Xanthoxyhim americanum) . Prickly ash, toothache tree In woods and thickets. Common or frequent northward and west¬ ward across the State, outside of the higher Adirondacks, south to the highlands of the lower Hudson valley and rare in the eastern Sus¬ quehanna watershed. 466 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PTELEA L. Sp. PI. 1 18. 1753 Ptelea trifoliata L., l.c. Wafer ash, three-leaved hop tree P. viticifolia Salisb. Prodr. 68. 1796 In rocky woods or rich hilly woodlands and thickets. Locally abundant in the Susquehanna valley, Chemung and Tompkins coun¬ ties westward and southward. Wading River, Long Island Miller (27th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. hi. 1877), and on Staten Island (perhaps introduced). Family 64 SIMAROUBACEAE DC. Bui. Soc. Philom. 2 : 209. 1811 Ailanthus family AILANTHUS Desf. Mem. Acad. Paris 1786: 265 pi. 8. 1789 Pongelion (Rheed) Pierre, FI. For. Cochinch, fasc. 19, sub. t. 294. 1893. Not Adans. Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6: 495. 1916. Tree of heaven, ailanthus Toxicodendron altissimnm Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. 1768 Ailanthus giandulosus Desf., l.c. Rhus Caeodendron Ehrh. Hann. Mag. 21: 225. 1783 — Beitr. 3: 20. 1788. A. Pongelion J. F. Gmel. Syst. 2: 726. 1791 Pongelion glandulosum Pierre, l.c. Native of China. Introduced as an ornamental tree and now com¬ mon and well established in southern and eastern New York, north¬ ward to Albany county and locally westward across the State. Family 65 POLYGALACEAE Desv. FI. Anjou. 333. 1827 Milkwort family POLYGALA L. Sp. PI. 701. 1753 Subgenus T riclisperma (Raf.) Triclisperma Raf. Speech. 1: 117. 1814 Chamaebuxus (Tourn.) Spach, Hist. Veg. Phan. 7: 125. 1839 Poly gal a, Sect. Chamaebuxus DC. Prodr. 1: 331. 1824 I Polygala paucifolia Willd. Sp. PI. 3 : 380. 1800 Fringed milkwort, wintergreen P. purpurea Ait. Hort. Kew. 4: 244. 1812 P. uniflora Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 53. 1803 T. grandiflora Raf., l.c. T. paucifolia Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 181. 1914 In moist rich woods. Rare on Long Island north of the moraine. Not reported from Staten Island. Rare in Westchester county Increasingly abundant northward to Lake Champlain, lower eleva¬ tions of the Adirondacks, and Lewis county, westward across the State to Lake Erie, ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 467 Forma alba Wheelock, Torr. Club Mem. 2: 142. 1891. P. paucifolia var. albiflora Raf. Med. Bot. 2: 64. 1830 P. paucifolia var. alba Eights, in T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 132. 1838. Torr. FI. N. Y. 1: 152. 1843 P. paucifolia forma alba House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 205-206: 27. 1917 P. paucifolia var. albiflora Knight, Rhodora 8: 66. 1906 A conspicuous and beautiful form of the species with pure white flowers, which occurs at a number of scattered localities throughout the State (See Mus. Bui. 205-206. p. 27). Subgenus Ortho polygala (Chodat) Sect. Anthalogea (Raf.) Anthalogea Raf. New FI. 4: 88. 1838 2 Polygala polygama Walt. FI. Car. 179. 1788 Racemed milkwort P. rubella Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 875. 1800 A. rubella Raf., l.c. A. polygama Raf. ; Ind, Kew. 1 : 143. 1893 In dry, rocky, or more usually sandy soil. Common across the State southward. Infrequent or locally common northward to Warren, Saratoga, Oneida and Lewis counties, and westward to Lake F. rie. Forma albiflora House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 45. 1923, with white flowers occurs in Oneida county. Sect. Galypola (Nieuwl.) Galypola Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 179. 1914 3 Polygala incarnata L. Sp. PI. 701. 1753 Pink milkwort G. incarnata Nieuwl., l.c. 180 A southern species, ranging from Ontario and New Jersey south¬ ward. Reported from Southampton, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 421. 1915). Sect. Plostaxis (Raf.) P lost ax is Raf. New FI. 4: 87. 1838 4 Polygala lutea L. Sp. PI. 705. 1753 Orange or yellow milkwort, wild bachelor’s button Plostaxis lutea Raf., l.c. In pine-barren swamps, depressions and borders of marshes on Long Island. Not common. Sect. Timutua (Blake) Asemeia Raf. New FI. 4: 88. 1838 5 ex i 1 i a Raf., l.c. 87 Senega Spach, Hist. Veg. Phan. 7: 129. 1839 468 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 5 Polygala cruciata L. Sp. PI. 706. 1753 Cross-leaved or marsh milkwort In sandy swamps and depressions and the borders of salt marshes. Frequent or common on Long Island and Staten Island. 6 Polygala brevifolia Nutt. Gen. 2: 89. 1818 Short-leaved milkwort In sandy swamps on Long Island and Staten Island. Infrequent. 7 Polygala verticillata L. Sp. PI. 706. 1753 Whorled milkwort In dry or moist soil, chiefly in open fields, on rocky slopes or in open woodlands. Common across the State outside of the Adiron- dacks and higher Catskills. Var. ambigua (Nutt.) Wood, Bot & Flor. 80. 1870 P. ambigua Nutt. Gen. 2: 89. 1818 Common in dry soil in southern New York, and locally frequent northward to Albany county and reported from Whitesboro, Oneida county, Gates. Often insufficiently distinct from the typical species. 8 Polygala viridescens L. Sp. PI. 705. 1753 Field or purple milkwort P. sanguinea L., l.c. P. purpurea Nutt., l.c. 89 P. viridescens var. sanguinea Farwell, Rept. Mich. Acad. Sci. 2: 54. 1901 In fields and meadows. Common across the State southward, especially on Long Island and Staten Island. Less common north¬ ward to Rensselaer, Saratoga and St Lawrence counties and west¬ ward to Lake Erie. Forma albiflora (Millsp.) Plouse, l.c. 55. ( P . sanguinea var. albiilora Millsp. FI. W. Va. 333. 1892), with white flowers, occurs locally, but rare. 9 Polygala Nuttallii T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 : 670. 1840 Nuttall’s milkwort P. sanguinea Nutt. Gen. 2: 88. 1818. Not L. 1753 P. ambigua T. & G., l.c. 130. Not Nutt., 1818 P. Torreyi Chodat, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genev. 312: 194. pi. 22. f. 26, 27. 1893. Not G. Don, 1831 In dry sandy soil, usually in open places or along the margins of marshes and depressions in the coastal plain of Long Island and Staten Island. Frequent. 10 Polygala Senega L. Sp. PI. 704. 1753 Seneca snakeroot. mountain flax Senega officinalis Spach, l.c. 120 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 469 In rocky woods. Frequent across the State northward but rare in the higher Adirondacks. Southward to Dutchess county, the Cats- kill mountains, hills of the Susquehanna watershed, Tioga and Chemung counties and westward to Lake Erie. Family 66 EUPHORBIACEAE J. St. Hil. Expos. Fam. 276. 1805 Spurge family CROTON L. Sp. PI. 1004. 1753 Croton capitatus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 214. 1803 Capitate croton, hogwort In dry soil. New Brighton, Staten Island, Miss C. O. Thompson (Hollick & Britton; Torr. Club Bui. 9: 150. 1882). Probably ad- ventive from the South. CROTONOPSIS Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 185. 1803 Crotonopsis linearis Michx., l.c. pi. 46 Crotonopsis In dry sandy soil, in Connecticut and New Jersey, southward and westward. Not reported from this State but to be looked for in the southeastern section. ACALYPHA L. Sp. PI. 1003. 1753 Ricinocarpus (Burm.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 615. 1891 1 Acalypha virginica L., l.c. Virginia three-seeded mercury R. virginicus Kuntze, l.c. In woods, thickets or openings, usually in moist rich soil. Frequent or common across the State outside of the pine-barrens of Long Island. 2 Acalypha gracilens A. Gray, Man. 408. 1848 Slender three-seeded mercury A. virginica var. angustifolia Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 173. 1843 A. virginica var. gracilens Muell.-Arg. Linnaea 34: 45.. 1865 In dry woods and thickets. Infrequent from Lake George south¬ ward to northern Long Island and westward to Lake Erie. Rafinesque (New FI. 1: 44. 45. 1836), describes the following species which cannot be postively identified: viz. A. brcvipcs; A. crenulata (probably =virginica) ; A. divaricata; A. echinata and A. rhomboidea. MERCURXALIS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 1035. 1753 Mercurialis annua L., l.c. Herb mercury In waste places. Infrequent in southeastern New York and at Rochester. Adventive from Europe and Africa. 470 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM RICINUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 1007. 1753 Ricinus communis L., l.c Caster bean, caster-oil plant Common in cutilivation and rarely persistent in waste ground in the southern part of the State, but rarely established. Native of tropical regions. EUPHORBIA L. Sp. PI. 450. 1753 Subgenus Chamaesyce Chamaesyce S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 260. 1821 1 Euphorbia polygonifolia L. Sp. PI. 455. 1753 Seaside or knotweed spurge E. maritima Nutt. Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. II. 5: 171 C. polygonifolia Small, FI. SE. U. S. 708. 1903 In sand along the Atlantic coast on Long Island and Staten Island and up the Hudson river to Westchester county. Also on the shores of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. 2 Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm. Bot. Mex. Bound Surv. 187. 1859 Ridge-seeded spurge C. glyptosperma Small, l.c. 712 In sandy soil. Shore of Lake Ontario, in St. Lawrence county, and locally on the Atlantic coast. Perhaps adventive from the southwest. Irondequoit bay, Killip & Woodams. Woodville. Jefferson county, House. Edwards, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Fisher’s Island, Graves. Hewlett, Long Island, Taylor. 3 Euphorbia humistrata Engelm., A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 386. 1856 Hairy spreading spurge E. littoralis Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 119. Dec. 1817. Not H. B. K. 1817 C. humistrata Small, l.c. 713 In dry soil. Albany county and the Hudson valley westward and southward across the State. Infrequent. 4 Euphorbia maculata L. Sp. PI. 455. 1753 Milk purslane, spotted spurge E. supina Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 119. 1817 C. maculata Small, l.c. 713 ® I..® **!> n® • « * , .4 f rr f® ft - v's-isc f r o r p In dry soil. Common throughout the State, except in the extreme northern portions and the higher Adirondacks. Often a common weed in cultivated ground and along railroads. annotated list of ferns and flowering PLANTS 471 5 Euphorbia vermiculata Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 206. Jan. 1818 Hairy spurge E. maculata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 212. 1803. Not L. E. hypericifolia var. hirsuta Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 331. 1824 E. hirsuta Wiegand, Bot. Gaz. 24: 51. 1897. Not Schur. 1853 E. Rafinesqui Greene, Pittonia 3: 207. 1897 C. Rafinesqui Small, in Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. ed. 2, 2: 467. 1913 C. vermiculata House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 233-234: 8. 1922 In sandy or gravelly soil. Frequent or common across the State outside of the higher Adirondack^. Often a common weed in certain localities and along railroads. 6 Euphorbia Preslii Guss. FI. Sic. Prodr. 1 : 539. 1827 Large or upright spotted spurge E. hypericifolia A. Gray, Man. 407. 1848. Not L. 1753 C. Preslii Arthur, Torreya n: 260. 1912 In fields, thickets, shores of lakes and ponds and streams and along roadsides. Common across the State outside of the higher Adiron- dacks. Adventive within recent years into many parts of the Adiron- dacks along railroads and on cultivated ground. Sometimes referred to as Euphorbia nutans Lag. Euphorbia hirta L. ( Chamaesyce hirta Millsp.) native of tropical America is reported as adventive on Staten Island, Hollick (Torreya 22 : 3. 1922). Subgenus Lepadena Lepadena Raf. FI. Tellur. 4: 113. 1838 Dichrophyllum Kl. & Garcke, Monatsb. Akad. Bor. 1859 : 249. 1859 Euphorbia, §. Petaloma Boiss. 7 Euphorbia marginata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 607. 1814 White-margined spurge E. leucoloma Raf. Herb. Phil. 1833 D. marginatum Kl. & Garcke, l.c. L. marginata Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 2: 300. 1912 In waste places and along railroads. Infrequent or rare as an ad¬ ventive from the western states in western, central and southern New York. Apparently sometimes also as an escape from cultivation. Subgenus A g a 1 o m a A ga lorn a Raf. FI. Tellur. 4: 116. 1838 Vil laris Raf., l.c. 114. Not Burm. 176S Tithymalopsis Kl. & Garcke, Monatsb. Akad. Ber. 1859: 249. 1859 Euphorbia, §. Tithymalopsis Boiss. 8 Euphorbia corollata L. Sp. PI. 459. 1753 Blooming or flowering spurge T. corollata Kl. & Garcke, l.c. A. corollata Raf. l.c. 117 472 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In dry sandy soil. Rare from Lake George ( Mary Wood Daley), westward to Lake Erie and southward. Not reported from Long Island but recorded for Staten Island, otherwise unknown in the southeastern part of the State. 9 Euphorbia Ipecacuanhae L. Sp. PI. 455. 1753 Wild ipecac, ipecac spurge Tithymalopsis I pecachuanliac Small, FI. SE. U. S. 716. 1903 Agaloma ] pecacuanliae Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 2: 299. 1912 In dry sandy soil on Long Island and Staten Island, but usually not in sand close to the seashore. Infrequent. Subgenus Tithymalus Tithymalus (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 Keraselma Neck. Elem. 2 : 353. 1 790 Euphorbia, §. Tithymalus Pers. 10 Euphorbia Lathyrus L. Sp. PI. 457. 1753 Caper or myrtle spurge Tithymalus Lathyrus Hill, Hort. Kew. 172/3. 1768 In waste places. Infrequent in the southeastern part of the State, Monroe and Chautauqua counties, and doubtless elsewhere. Ad- ventive from Europe. 11 Euphorbia platyphyllus L. Sp. PI. 460. 1753 Broad-leaved spurge T. platyphylla Hill, l.c. 172/4 Shores of Lake Champlain ; along the St Lawrence river, Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Reported by Paine (Cat. 123. 1865) from Herkimer and Oneida counties, perhaps erroneously. Naturalized from Europe, according to authorities. 12 Euphorbia Helioscopia L. Sp. PI. 459. 1753 Sun or wart spurge, wartweed T. Helioscopia Hill, l.c. 172/3 In waste places. Infrequent across the State south of the Adiron- dacks. Naturalized or adventive from Europe. 13 Euphorbia lucida Waldst. & Kit. PI. Rar. Hung. 1 : 54. 1802 Shining spurge Tithymalus lucidus Kl. & Garcke, Abh. Akad. Berl. 1859: 66. 1859 E. nicaeensis of N. Y. Reports, not All. In fields and on banks along the Susquehanna river in Chemung and Tioga counties. Naturalized from Europe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 473 14 Euphorbia Cyparissias L. Sp. PI. 461. 1753 Cypress spurge Tithymalus Cyparissias Hill, l.c. 172/4 Frequent or common along roadsides and in waste places. Naturalized from Europe. The rarity of mature fruit or seed in this species, and a descrip¬ tion of the seeds is noted by Deane (Rhodora 12: 57-61. 1910). 15 Euphorbia Darlingtonii A. Gray, Man. 404. 1848 Darlington’s spurge Tithymalus Darlingtonii Small, FI. SE. U. S. 719. 1903 Said to occur in New York (Britton & Brown, Plus. FI. ed. 2, 2: 474. 1913), but definite records are lacking. 16 Euphorbia exigua L. Sp. PI. 456. 1753 Tithy?nalus exiguus Lam. FI. Fr. 3: 100. 1778 In waste places about Buffalo, D. F. Day (Rhodora n : 50. 1909). Adventive from Europe. 17 Euphorbia Peplus L. Sp. PI. 456. 1753 Petty spurge Tithymalus Peplus Hill, l.c. 172/3 In waste places. Locally abundant across the State south of the Adirondack's. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. Subgenus Poinsettia Poinsettia Graham, Edinb. N. Phil. Jour. 20: 412. 1836 18 Euphorbia dentata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 211. 1803 Toothed spurge Poinsettia dentata Kl. & Garcke, Monatsb. Akad. Berl. 1859: 253. 1859 Along railroad tracks at Despatch, Monroe county, D. M. White, 1920. Adventive from the West. Family 67 CALLITRICHACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 191. 1S36 Water starwort family CALLITRICHE L. Sp. PI. 969. 1753 Stellaria (Ludw. 1737) MacM. Met. Minn. 345. 1893 i Callitriche terrestre Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 358. 1808 Terrestrial water starwort C. brevifolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 3. 1814 C. Austini Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 428. 1867 C. deflexa var. Austini Hegelm. Ver. Bot. Ver. Brand. 9: 15. 1867 In shady by-ways on dry hilly ground. Staten Island, Austin , 1865 (Clinton, in 19th Rep’t Regents 74. 1866). 474 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Callitriche palustris L. Sp. PI. 969. 1753 Vernal water starwort, water fennel C. verna L. FI. Suec. ed. 2, 4. 1755 C. intermedia , C. ovata, C. stellaria Raf., Med. Repos. (Ill) 2: 408. 1811 C. vernalis Koch, Syn. FI. Germ. Ed. 2, 245. 1837 Stellaria verna MacM. Met. Minn. 345. 1893. 5. palustris Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 32: 87. 1898 Usually in cold or running water, or on muddy banks where often overflowed or continually moist. Locally common throughout most sections of the. State. Variable. 3 Callitriche heterophylla Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 3. 1814 Larger water starwort ? C. spuria Raf., l.c. C. palustris var. intermedia Floffm. ; Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 170. 1843 In ponds and slow streams, or their borders. Infrequent or local but probably widely distributed across the State. Greenport, Burnham & Latham (Torreya 14: 245. 1914). Upper New Rochelle, E. H. Day (Torr. Club Bui. 13: 7. 1886). White lake outlet and confluent streams of other lakes and in Cummings creek, Oneida county, Haberer (Rhodora 7 : 107. 1905). 4 Callitriche autumnalis L. FI. Suec. ed. 2, 2. 1755 Autumnal or northern water starwort C. palustris var. bifida L. Sp. PI. 696. 1753 C. hcrmaphroditica L. Cent. I. PI. 31. 175,5 C. foliosa, C. cruciata Raf., l.c. C. linearis Pursh, l.c. C. bifida Morong, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 215. 1894 In flowing water. Infrequent across the northern part of the State and in western New York. Lake Champlain. Streams in Newcomb and North Elba, House. Morristown, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Alexandria bay, and borders of Canadaraga outlet, G. W. Clinton (Paine, Cat PI. Oneida Co. 123. 1865). Family 68 EMPETRACEAE Dumort. FI. Belg. 106. 1827 Crowberry family EMPETRUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 1022. 1753 Empetrum nigrum L., l.c. Black crowberry, heathberry Summit of Mount Marcy and Mount McIntyre, Essex county, and highest parts of Whiteface mountain. Doctor Emmons and Professor Hall (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 178. 1843). Indian Pass, McIntyre and Mount Wright, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 125. 1899). Whiteface. Rowlee (Rhodora 4 : 1 40. ID02). Mount Marcy. Killifi. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 473 COREMA Don, Edinb. N. Phil. Jour. 15: 63. 1826 Endammia Raf. New FI. 3: 49. 1838 Tuckermania Klotzsc'h. in Wiegm. Archiv. 7: 248. 1841. Not Nutt. Oakesia Tuckerm. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 1: 445- 1842 Corema Conradi Torrey; Loudon, Encycl. Trees 1092. 1842 — FI. N. Y. 2 : 519. 1843 Conrad’s broom crowberry Empetrum Conradi Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 4: 83. 1837 Endammia ericoides Raf. New FI. 3: 49. 1838 Oakesia Conradi Tuckerm., l.c. Tuckermania Conradi Klotzsch., l.c. In rocky or sandy soil, southeastern New York. Rare. Shawangunk mountains, Ulster county, C. E. Smith (36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 38. 1884) ; Aubrey H. Smith (Redfield in Proc. Phila. Acad. 35. 1882). Between Oyster Bay and Hempstead, Long Island, Emmons (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 519. 1843) but Red- field (Torr. Club. Bui. 11 : 98. 1884) states that this is probably an error. Family 69 SPONDIACEAE Kunth, Ann. Sc. Nat. 2: 362. 1824 ANACARDIACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. 1830 Sumac family RHUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PL 265. 1753 Toxicodendron (L. 1735) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 153. 1891 Subgenus Sumac Rhus, sect. Sumac DC. Prodr. 2: 67. 1825 1 Rhus copallina L. Sp. PI. 266. 1753 Dwarf, black, upland or mountain sumac Toxicodendron copallinum Kuntze, l.c. In dry soil, often in rocky or sterile sandy situations. Common across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks, and absent from the pine-barrens of Long Island. Rare in western New York. Var. nesophila House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 55. 1923. Similar to R. copallina in general appearance. Leaflets 13 to 17 in number, thicker in texture, less pointed, being merely acute or abruptly acuminate, smooth, somewhat shining and nearly glabrous or with a minute puberulence above, chiefly entire, rarely with 2 or 3 low, almost obsolete teeth ; wings of the rachis very conspicuous and broad. In moist thickets along the margin of salt marshes on Long Island. 2 Rhus typhina L. Amoen. Acad. 4 : 31 1. 1760 Staghorn sumac Datisca hirta L. Sp. PI. 1037. 1753 R. canadensis Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 5, 1768 R. hirta Sudw. Torr. Club Bui. 9: 82. 1892. Not H-arv. 1883 Toxicodendron typhinum Kuntze, l.c. 476 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In dry or rocky soil, often in clearings, along old roads and on abandoned land. Common throughout the State, but rare on Long Island. The rare form in which the leaves are incisely lobed is forma laciniata Wood (Am. Bot. & Flor. 73. 1870, as var.). Datisca hirta L., represents a very common monstrosity of the species, in which the inflorescence reverts into abnormal leaves partly confluent with the aborted inflorescence, caused by the attack of an insect. 3 Rhus glabra L. Sp. PI. 265. 1753 Smooth upland or scarlet sumac R. carolincnse Marsh. Arb. Am. 129. 1785 R. elegans Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 366. 1789 R. oreophila Greene, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 8; 177. 1906 R. itkacensis Greene, l.c. 178 R. pyramidata Greene, l.c. 180 Tcxicodendron glabrum Kuntze, l.c. Not Mill. In dry soil. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State. Rather variable throughout its range in the eastern states and most of the New York specimens seen appear to correspond to Doctor Greene’s R. ithacensis, which may eventually prove to be of subspeci¬ fic rank. An apparent hybrid between R. glabra and R. typhina, was col¬ lected at Fort Edward, in 1875, by M. W. Vandenbcrg (state herbarium) and is described as R. glabra borealis Britton. Subgenus Schmaltzia Turpinia Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 352. 1808. Not Vent. 1803 Schmaltzia Besv. Jour. Bot. 1813: 229. 1813 Lobadium Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 3: 357. 1819 — Jour. Phys. 84: 98. 1819 Rhus, Sect. Lobadium DC., l.c. 4 Rhus aromatica Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 367. 1789 Fragrant or sweet-scented sumac Toxicodendron crenatum Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 5- 1768. Not R. crcnata Thunb. 1803 R. canadensis Marsh. Arb. Am. 129. 1785. Not Mill., 1768 R. suaveolcns Ait., l.c. Lobadium amentaceum & L. suaveolcns Raf., l.c. Turpinia aromatica & T. suaveolcns Raf., l.c. Schmaltzia crenata Greene, Leaflets 1 : 128. 1905 51. serrata & S', cratacgifolia Greene, l.c. 128, 130 Toxicodendron crenatum Kuntze, l.c. In rocky woods and on exposed banks and ledges. Locally com¬ mon from Lake Champlain south to the Hudson highlands and west¬ ward across the State to St. Lawrence and Tefferson counties. Lake ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 477 Erie and southward into Pennsylvania. Rather common in the Hudson valley but not reported from the Adirondacks. Subgenus Toxicodendron Toxicodendron (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th Abr. ed. 1754 Philostemon Raf. FI. Ludov. 107. 1817 Vernix Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 342. 1763 Rhus, Sect. Venenatae Engl, in DC. Monog. Rhus, Sect. Toxicodendron Gray, Man. eds. 2-5 5 Rhus Vernix L. Sp. PI. 265. 1753 Poison sumac, poison elder T. pinnatum Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 4. 1768 R. venenata DC. Prodr. 2: 68. 1825 T. Vernix Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 153. 1891 In swamps. Locally common from Lake Champlain to Jeffer¬ son county, through the lower elevations of the Adirondacks, west¬ ward and southward throughout the State. 6 Rhus radicans L. Sp. PI. 266. 1753 Poison ivy, poison oak T. vnlgare Mill., l.c. No. 1. 1768 Philostemon radicans Raf. l.c. 107 T. radicans Kuntze, l.c. In thickets, woods and along fences and walls. Common through¬ out most sections of the State, and usually an extensive climber. Statements in some works that the form climbing on trees usually has leaflets less lobed or cut, does not seem to hold true according to specimens from this State, where the high climbing form, at least north of the coastal plain, has usually coarsely toothed leaflets.' On Long Island, Peck has collected a climbing form with leaflets quite entire, firmer in texture, broadly rounded at the base, and the fruit in closer and more compact clusters. In thickets on a small island off the shore of Staten Island, near Great Kills, occurs a form which Dr William H. Mansfield has described to me as a slender erect shrub, sometimes the woody stems 6 or 7 feet tall and sub- arborescent, not attached to any support ; leaflets narrower than in typical R. radicans, and glabrous or nearly so. This might be what Miller (1. c.) described as Toxicodendron glabrum, but the specimen in the Miller herbarium is, according to Britton (Jour. Bot. 38: 317. 1900), true R. radicans L. (not the Rhus glabra of Linnaeus). 7 Rhus Toxicodendron L. Sp. PI. 266. 1753 Poison oak T. Toxicodendron Britton, in B. & B. Illus. FI. ed. 2, 2: 484. 1913 (excl. syn. Michx. and Steud., as well as the descr. which is Rhus quercifolia Michx. of the southern states). T. pubescens Mill. Gard. Dict.ed. 8, No. 2 1768 (excl. “ T. triphyllum glab¬ rum,” etc. of Tourn.) Rhus radicans var. pubescens Farwell, Rep’t Mich. Acad. Sci. 2: 54. 1901 A low shrubby plant, the stems mainly imbedded in the soil and extensively spreading and branching ; branches erect, 1 to 2 feet high ; leaflets pinnately 3-foliate, the terminal leaflet with petiolule 1-2 cm long; texture usually somewhat firmer and thicker than Rhus radi- 478 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM cans, the margins sinuate-lobed to nearly or quite entire or with a few low blunt teeth, dull green above, sparingly pubescent, glabrate with age ; strongly veined beneath and hirsute, especially on the veins ; fruit globose, creamy-white, 4-6 mm in diameter, usually in small, few-fruited (12-30 drupes) panicles. In sandy, rocky or sterile soil, usually in open places or open wood¬ lands. Locally common across the State outside of and chiefly south of the Adirondack's, especially in the sandy portions of Albany, Sara¬ toga and Rensselaer counties southward, in central New York, the Ontario lowlands and shores of Lake Ontario and on Long Island and Staten Island. Britton & Brown (1913) have restricted R. Toxicodendron to a species of the southern states ( R . quercifolia Michx.), but I am in¬ clined to agree with Doctor Greene, in applying this name to our more northern dwarf poison ivy or poison oak as it is more usually called. Subgenus Cotinus Cotinus (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 Rhus, sect. Cotinus DC. Prodr. 2: 67. 1825 9 Rhus Cotinus L. Sp. PI. 267. 1753 Cultivated or european smoke tree C. coggygria Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, 1: 220. 1 772 Cotinus Cotinus Sargent, Gard. & For. 4: 340 Frequent in cultivation. Rarely escaped or established or per¬ sistent in abandoned grounds. Native of Europe. Family 70 ILICACEAE Lowe, FI. Mad. 2: n. 1868 ( Aquifoliaccac DC. Prodr. 2: n. 1825) Holly family ILEX L. Sp. PI. 125. 1753 A qui folium (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 Ageria Raf. Sylva Tellur. 46. 1838 Synstima Raf., l.c. Section A q u i f 0 1 i u m 1 Ilex opaca Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew. 1 : 169. 1789 American or white holly /. Aquifolium & 7. canadensis Marsh. Arb. Am. 63, 64. 1785 I. quercifolia Meerb. PI. Select. Ic. t. 5. 1798 Ageria opaca Raf., l.c. 48 In moist woods. Rare in southeastern New York. Formerly near the north end of New York Island. Rare on the north side of Long Island and on Staten Island. Section P r i n o s Prinos L. Sp. PI. 33°. 1753 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 479 2 Ilex glabra (L.) Gray, Man. ed. 2, 264. 1856 Inkberry, evergreen winterberry Prinos glaber L., l.c. Winteria triflora Moench, Meth. 74. 1794 Ennepta myricoides Raf. Sylva Tellur. 52. 1838 In sandy soil. Frequent on the south side of Long Island and on Staten Island. 3 Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray, l.c. Virginia winterberry, black alder Prinos verticillatus L., l.c. P. Gronovii Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 236. 1803 P. confertus Moench, Meth. 481. 1794 In swamps and low or marshy places. Common on Long Island and throughout southern New York. Less common northward to Saratoga, Warren, Oneida, Oswego and Monroe counties. Var. Paaifolia (Willd.) T. & G. in Wats. Bibl. Index. 160. 1878 Prinos padifolius Willd., Enum. 394. 1809 Frequent northward to central New York. Var. cyclophylla Robinson, reported as occurring on the shore of Lake Erie, occurs eastward to Oneida, Oswego and Saratoga coun¬ ties. Britton places this as a synonym of Ilex bronxensis, but the thick, rugose character of the leaves seems to mark it as a close rela¬ tive of the true I. verticillata. Var. tenuifolia Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 338. 1824 Northern winterberry I. bronxensis Britton, Man. 604. 1901 Common in swamps and along the margin of lakes, ponds and streams across the northern part of the State and especially in the Adirondacks, westward to Lake Erie and southward to Long Island. This is the common northern form of the Winterberry which has usually been referred to Ilex verticillata. 4 Ilex laevigata (Pursh) A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 264. 1856 Smooth winterberry Prinos laevigatas Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 220. 1814 In swamps and wet woods. Frequent northward from Rensselaer and Saratoga counties southward, and increasingly common across the southern part of th-e State. Reported from Onondaga county. Forma Herveyi Robinson (Rhodora 10: 34. 1908) with drupes bright golden yellow in color is found in Massachusetts. 480 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Section P r i n 0 i d e s 5 Ilex montana T. & G. ; A. Gray, Man. 276. 1848 Large-leaved holly Prinos ambigua Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 23. 1803 Ilex ambigua Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 2. 1843. Not Ell. 1821 /. monticola A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 264. 1856 I. Amelanchier var. monticola Wood, Bot. & Flor. 208. 1870 I. dubia var. monticola Loesener, Nov. Act. Leop. -Carol. 78: 485. 1901 In mountainous woods. Infrequent or rare. Fulton county and the Catskill region southward and westward. Woodsworth lake and Vlei, Fulton county, C. P. Alexander (N. Y. State Mus, Bui. 167: 35. 1913)- Catskill mountains, Carey (Torrey, l.c.). Lake Mo honk and Minnewaska, Peck (50th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 123. 1897; 51st Rep’t 297. 1898). Rock City, Cattaraugus county, G. W. Clinton 19th Rep’t N. Y. State Museum 205. 1866). Clay swamp, Onondaga county, Mrs M. O. Rust (Torr. Club Bui. 10: 67. 1883), but not verified. NEMOPANTHUS Raf. Am. Jour. Sci. 1 : 377. 1819 — Am. Mo. Mag. 357. 1819 [Nemo pant hes in Jour. Phys. 89: 96. 1819] Ilicioides Dumort. Bot. Cult. 4: 127. pi. 4. Hyponym. 1802 Nemopanthus mucronata (L.) Trelease, Trans. Acad. St Louis 5:349. 1889 Wild or mountain holly Vaccinium mucronatum L. Sp. PI. 350. 1753 Ilex canadensis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 229. pi. 49. 1803. Not Marsh. 1785 N. fascicularis Raf. Jour. Phys. 89: 97. 1819 I. delicatula B. S. Barton, FI. Virg. 67. 1812 N. canadensis DC. Mem. Soc. Gen. 1 : 450. 1821 Prinos longipes Raf. Sylva Tellur. 50. 1838 Nuttallia canadensis DC. Rapp. Jard. Genev. 44. 1821 Ilicioides mucronata Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 217. 1894 In swamps and low grounds. Common across the State north¬ ward. Less common in the southern part of the State in swamps at higher elevations, and rare on Long Island and Staten Island. Family 71 CELASTRACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 119. 1836 Staff-tree family EUONYMUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 197. 1753 1 Euonymus americanus L., l.c. Strawberry bush E. sempervirens Marsh. Arb. Am. 44. 1788 E. muricatus Raf. New FI. 3: 59. 1837 In low woods, southern and western portions of the State. Rare. Western New York ( Torrey , FI. N. Y.), to which Paine (Cat. p. 70) adds : western counties, Kneiskern; Genesee river, Sartwell. Infrequent or rare on Long Island, Staten Island and northward to Bronx county. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 481 2 Euonymus obovatus Nutt. Gen. 1 : 155. 1818 Running strawberry bush E. americanus var. obovatus T. & G. ; Gray, Gen. 2 : 188. 1849 In low woods, southwestern and western part of the State. Rare. Two miles south of Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 23. 1898). Silver Creek, Chautauqua county, L. IV. Hahn (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 75: 14. 1904). Near Brock- port, Monroe county, Lennon (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 54. 1896). 3 Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. Hort. Vind. 2: 5. pi. 120. 1772 Burning bush, wahoo E. caroliniensis Marsh. Arb. Am. 43. 1785 In woods and thickets. Infrequent or rare from Oneida and Schuy¬ ler counties westward and southward. Increasingly common toward the southwest. Oneida county, H. Lathrop (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 70. 1865). Wayne county, Hankenson; Monroe county, Baxter, Bradley ; Laney, etc. (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 54. 1896). Geneseo, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 10. 1910). Watkins, Schuyler county, Dudley (Cayuga Flora 20. 1886). Collins, Erie county, Dr Anne E. Perkins. 4 Euonymus europaeus L. Sp. PI. 197. 1753 Spindle tree Native of Europe. Formerly much planted. Now found chiefly as an escape or naturalized tree or shrub in copses along roadsides and open woods in numerous localities across the State south of the Adirondacks, especially in the Hudson valley. CELASTRUS L. Sp. PI. 196. 1753 Celastrus scandens L., l.c. Shrubby or climbing bittersweet, waxwork In moist or rich soil. Frequent or common throughout the State, especially in hilly or rocky localities. Family 72 STAPHYLEACEAE DC. Prodr. 2: 2. 1825 Bladdernut family STAPHYLEA L. Sp. PI. 270. 1753 Staphylea trifolia L., l.c. American bladdernut In moist woods and thickets. Lake Champlain through the southern Adirondacks to Jefferson county and westward to Lake Erie. More abundant southward in the State. Rare or local north of the Mohawk valley. 482 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Family 73 ACERACEAE J. St. Hil. Expos. Fam. 2: 15. 1805 Maple family ACER (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 1055. 1753 Subg-enus Euacer 1 Acer saccharinum L. Sp. PI. 1055. 1753 Silver, soft or white maple A. glaucum Marsh. Arb. Am. 2. 1785. A. dasycarpmn Ehrh. Beitr. 4: 24. 1789 A. eriocarpum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 253. 1803 Frequent or common along streams throughout most sections of the State except the higher Adirondack region. 2 Acer platanoides L. Sp. PL 1055. 1753 Norway maple Common in cultivation and occasionally established. Native of Europe. 3 Acer Pseudoplatanus L., l.c. Sycamore maple Frequent in cultivation and rarely spreading in moist soil from wind-blown seed. Native of Europe. 4 Acer rubrum L., l.c. Red, scarlet or swamp maple In swamps and wet soil. Common in nearly all sections of the State. Var. tridens Wood, Class-book 286. i860 ? A. caroliniamun Walt. FI. Car. 251. 1788 A. rubrum p. T. & G., FI. N. Am. 1 : 249. 1838 A. microphyllum Pax, Bot. Jahrb. 7: 180. 1886 A. tomentosum Desf. ; Pax. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 163: 38. 1902 (cf. Rehder, Rhodora 9: 116. 1907) In wet or moist soil. Infrequent or rare in the southern portion of the State. 5 Acer saccharum Marsh. Arb. Am. 4. 1785 Sugar or rock maple A. saccharinum Wang. Amer. 36. pi. 2. f. 26. 1787. Not L. A. barbatum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 252. 1803 In rich woods. Common throughout the State except on southern Long Island, where it is infrequent or rare. The Var. glaucum (Pax.) Sargent, an extreme which is rarely distinct enough to merit varietial recognition. Var. nigrum (Michx.) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 9: 10. 1889 ( Acer nigrum Michx. f. Hist. Arb. 2: 238. pi. 16. 1810), a commonly recognized form, but which also is not always clearly distinct from typical A. saccharum. It is rather common across the ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 483 State but apparently does not occur in the Adirondacks. It has sometimes been regarded as a distinct species. 6 Acer pennsylvanicum L. Sp. PI. 1055. 1753 Striped maple, moosewood A. striatum DuRoi, Diss. Inaug. 58. 1771 A. canadense Marsh. Arb. Am. 3. 1785 In rocky or moist woods. Common northward in the State. Less common in the western counties and southward to the Susquehanna valley, the southern Catskills and the Hudson highlands. 7 Acer spicatum Lam. Encycl. 2: 381. 1786 Mountain maple A. pennsylvanicum Marsh. Arb. Am. 2. 1785. Not L. A. montanum Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 435. 1789 In damp rocky woods and swamps. Common northward in the State. Less frequent toward the south and very rare south of the Hudson highlands. Not found on Long Island or Staten Island. Subgenus Negundo Maxim. Negundo (Ray) Ludwig-Boehmer, Defin. PI. 508. 1760 Rulac Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 283. 1763 Negundium Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 352. 1808 A c e r, Sect. N egundo Koehne 8 Acer Negundo L. Sp. PI. 1056. 1753 Box elder, ash-leaved maple Negundo aceroides Moench, Meth. 334. 1794 N egundium fraxinifolium Raf., l.c. Negundo Negundo Karst. Deutsch. FI. 596. 1880-83 Rulac Negundo A. S. Hitchc. Spr. FI. Manhattan (Kan.) 6. 1894 Along streams and lake shores. Central and western New York westward and southward. Common in other sections of the State, outside of the higher mountains as an introduced tree and occasionally established and spreading. Var. violaceum Kirchner, in Kirch. & Petzold, Arb. Mosc. 190. 1864 Ridac Nuttallii Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 2: 137. 1911 Negundo Nuttallii Rydb. Torr. Club Bui. 40: 55- 1913 This rather distinct variety is frequent throughout the western and southern sections of the State, but probably largely if not entirely introduced from farther west, 16 484 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Family 74 AESCULACEAE Lindl. Orb. Diet. 1: 155. 1841 Buckeye family AESCULUS L. Sp. PI. 344. 1753 Hippocastanum [Tourn.] Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th Abr. ed. 1754 Pavia [Boerh.] Mill., l.c. P avian a Raf. FI. Ludor. 87. 1817 Aesculus Hippocastanum L., l.c. Horse-chestnut H. vulgare Tourn.; Mill., l.c.; Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 2: 135. t. 3. 1791 Pavia Hippocastanum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 146. 1891 (as Pawia). Very common in cultivation and frequent as an escape in eastern and southern New York. Native of southern Europe or Asia. Family 75 SAPINDACEAE R. Br. Exp. Congo, App. 1818 Soapberry family CARDIOSPERMUM L. Sp. PI. 366. 1753 Cardiospermum Halicacabum L., l.c. Balloon vine, heartseed Native of tropical America and rare as an adventive in ballast about New York City. Family 76 FRANGULACEAE DC. FI. Franc. 4: 619. 1805 Rhamnaceae Desv. FI. Anjou. 355. 1827 Buckthorn family RHAMNUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 193. 1753 1 Rhamnus cathartica L., l.c.* Buckthorn In dry soil. Escaped from cultivation in many localities outside of the higher mountains and especially in eastern and southern New York. Native of Europe and northern Asia. 2 Rhamnus alnifolia L’Her. Sert. Angl. 5. 1788 Dwarf alder, alder-leaved buckthorn R. franguloides Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 153. 1803 Girtanncria alnifolia & franguloides Raf. Sylva Tell. 28. 1838 In swamps and bogs. Frequent or common northward in the State. Less frequent southward to Columbia, Ulster and Broome counties. * Rhamnus caroliniana Walt, recorded by Leggett (24th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 56. 1872) from roadsides between Hunter’s Point and Flushing, Long Island, is probably R. cathartica L, ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 485 3 Rhamnus Frangula L. Sp. PI. 193. 1753 Alder buckthorn, black dogwood In bogs on Long Island. Rare. Naturalized from Europe. CEANOTHUS L. Sp. PI. 195. 1753 1 Ceanothus americanus L., l.c. New Jersey tea, redroot C. trinervis Moench, Meth. 651. 1794 C. officinalis Raf. Med. Bot. 2: 205,. 1825 C. perennis Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 167. 1814 In dry open woods or sandy or rocky fields. Frequent or locally common across the State south of the Adirondacks. 2 Ceanothus herbaceus Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 360. 1808 Smaller redroot C. ovatus Desf. Hist. Arb. 2: 381. 1809 C. ovalis Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 92. 1824 In rocky places and open woods. Frequent in the southern and southeastern parts of the State. Rare or local northward to the west shore of Lake Champlain and to Jefferson county, Gray (Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3 : 224. 1824) Family 77 VITACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 30. 1836 Grape family VITIS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 202. 1753* 1 Vitis Labrusca L., l.c. 203 Northern fox grape V. vulpina Bartram, Med. Rep. II. 1: 21. 1803. Not L. V. Blandi Prince, Vine, 177. 1830. Rare in the upper Hudson valley. More frequent southward to Long Island and westward to the Chemung valley and the lake region of central and western New York. Infrequent or local on the Ontario lowlands and the extreme western part of the State. 2 Vitis aestivalis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 230. 1803 Summer grape V. sylvestris, V. arancosus, V . americana Bartram, l.c. 21, 23 V. Nortoni Prince, Vine, 186. 1830 V. bracteata LeConte, Proc. Phila Acad. 6: 271. 1854 In thickets and along streams. Frequent or common in the Dela¬ ware and Susquehanna regions, southward and westward. Rare or local eastward to the Hudson valley. * For a complete account of the native species of grape, and the horticultural varieties, see Hedrick, Grapes of New York, Rep’t N. Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. II. (1908). 486 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 3 Vitis argentifolia Munson, Proc. Prom. Agr. Sci. 59. 1887 Blue or winter grape V. bicolor LeConte, l.c. 272. Not Raf. V. LeConteana House, Am. Mid. Nat. 7: 128. 1921 In woods and thickets. Infrequent in the higher Adirondacks, increasingly common at lower altitudes across the State northward, and common southward and westward throughout most sections of the State. x Vitis .Slavinii Rehder (Jour. Arnold Arb. 3: 43. 1922), [V. LeConteana x vulpina], a natural hybrid, is reported as having been collected by Slavin & Horsey on the banks of the Genesee river, Rochester. 4 Vitis vulpina L., l.c. 203 Riverside or sweet-scented grape V . serotina Bartram, l.c. 22 V. odoratissima Donn, Hort, Cantab, ed. 6, 62. 1811 V. riparia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 231. 1803 V. cordifolia var. riparia Gray, Man. ed. 5, 113. 1867 V. vulpina var. syrticola Femald & Wiegand, Rhodora 25 : 212. 1923 Along rocky river and stream banks and on mountain sides. Fre¬ quent or common northward, but rare or largely absent from south of the Hudson highlands and on Long Island and Staten Island. Hydridizes with V. Labrusca and V . argentifolia. 5 Vitis novae-angliae Fernald, Rhodora 19 : 146. 1917 New England grape Menands, Albany county, Peck. The range of this species doubt¬ less extends well into the Hudson valley and perhaps even of more general distribution in the State, but is not as distinct as some of the other species. 6 Vitis cordifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 231. 1803 Chicken grape, frost grape V. pullaria LeConte, l.c. 273 Moist thickets and along streams. Occasional from Dutchess county southward, and reported from Wayne county, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 54. 1896). Vitis cinerea Engelm. ; Gray’s Man. ed. 5, 679. 1867; Sweet winter grape, is reported from New York by Hedrick (Grapes of N. Y. 131. 1908), but we have no other record of its occurrence in this state. PSEDERA Neck. Elem. 1 : 158. 1790 Quinaria Raf. Am. Man. Grapes 6. 1830. Not Lour. 1790 Parthenocissus Planch, in DC. Mon. Phan. 5 ; Pt. 2, 447. 1887 i Psedera quinquefolia (L.) Greene, Leaflets 1: 220. 1906 Virginia creeper ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 487 Hedera quinquefolia L. Sp. 202. 1753 Vitis quinquefolia Lam. Ill. 2: 135. 1793 Vitis hederacea Ehrh. Beitr. Beitr. 6: 85. 1791 Cissus hederacea Pers. Syn. 1: 143. 1805 Ampelopsis quinquefolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 160. 1803 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Planch., l.c. 448 In woods and thickets, especially along streams and in moist or damp thickets. Common in most sections of the State, but rare or absent in the higher Adirondacks. Var hirsuta (Pursh) B. L. Robinson, Rhodora 10: 26. 1908 Cissus hederacea var. hirsuta Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 170. 1814 Ampelopsis hirsuta R. & S. Syst. 5: 321. 1819 Parthenocissus quinquefolia var. hirsuta Planch., l.c. 449 P. hirsuta Small, FI. SE. U. S. 759. 1903 Apparently of nearly the same range in this State as the typical form of the species, but somewhat more common southward. For additional synonymy see Rehder (Trees & Shrubs 1 : 184-185. I905)- 2 Psedera vitacea (Knerr) Greene, Leaflets 1: 220. 1906 Ampelopsis quinquefolia var. vitacca Knerr, Bot. Gaz. 18: 70. 1893 Parthenocissus vitacea Hitchc. Spr. FI. Manhattan 26. 1894 A. hederacea var. dumetoruni Focke, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 4: 559. 1875 Cissus quinquefolia Sims, Bot. Mag. 51: pi. 2443. 1824 Quinaria quinquefolia Koehne, Gartenfl. 41 : 402. 1892. Not Raf. Parthenocissus Spaethii Graebn. Gartenfl. 49: 274. iqoo P. laciniata Small, FI. SE. U. S. 759. 1903 Psedera dumetorum Rehder, Trees & Shrubs 1: 187. pi. 89. 1905 Differing chiefly from P. quinquefolia, in the less branched tendrils without disks, in the distinctly cymose corymbs, green under surfaces of the leaflets and their deeper and sharper serrations. In low or moist thickets. Infrequent or rare across the northern part of the State. Local or rare southward to Rensselaer county, the Catskill mountains and westward to Lake Erie. Family 78 TILIACEAE G-erabd, FI. Galloprov. 1761 Linden family TILIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 514. 1753 1 Tilia americana L., l.c. Basswood, American linden, whitewood T. caroliniana Marsh. Arb. Am. 154. 1785 T. glabra Ventenat, Ann. Hist. Nat. 2: 62. 1800; Mem. Acad. Paris 4: 9. pi. 2. 1802 T. canadensis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 306. 1803 T. nigra Borkh. Forstbot. 2: 1219. 1803 In rich woods and along streams and river bottomlands. Common 488 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM in most sections of the State and in the Adirondacks to 2500 or 3000 feet altitude. The Linnaean type of T. americana is said by Sargent to be impossible of determination and is probably not the northern glabrous-leaved tree usually so-called. It seems best however, to retain the name for the common northern tree, as described by Aiton, and as accepted by practically all authors since. Sargent adopts the name T. glabra Vent, for our northern tree, although Marshall’s name has priority over it. 2 Tilia negecta Spach, Ann. So;. Nat. II 2: 140. t 15. 1834 T. laxiflora Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 363. 1814. Not Michx. T. americana Marsh. Arb. Am. 153. 1785; Curtis, Rep. Geol. Surv. N. C. 3: 79. 1S60. Not L. T. pubescens Watson & Coulter; Gray, Man. ed. 6, 71. 1889 (as to Long Island reference) In rich or moist woods and especially along the banks of streams and lakes. Frequent in central New York from Madison and Onondaga counties westward and southward, and in the lower Hudson valley and on Long Island and Staten Island. East side Canadice lake, near outlet, Peck (49th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 15. 1896, as T. heterophylla) . Canandaigua lake, House. Camillus and Marcellus, Onondaga county, Peck (50th Rep’t 120. 1897, as T. heterophylla) . Rochester, Dunbar. Letchworth Park, Nash (Torreya 7: 212. 1907). 3 Tilia Michauxii Nutt. Silva 1 : 92. 1842 T. alba Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 3; 315. t. 2. 1813. Not L. T. eburnca Ashe, Bot. Gaz. 33; 230. 1902 T. heterophylla var. Michauxii Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 66; 506. 1918 Along streams and in moist woods or on rocky banks. Infrequent or rare in western New York and in the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania, from Broome county, westward. Several species and varieties of Tilia, native of Europe and Asia are common in cultivation, but as yet none of them have been reported as spreading or inclined to become naturalized. Family 79 MALVACEAE Neck. Act. Ac. Theod. Palat. 2; 488. 1770 Mallow family ALTHAEA L. Sp. PI. 686. 1753 1 Althaea officinalis L., l.c. Marsh mallow, wymote’ In salt marshes on western Long Island, Oyster Bay, Flushing, Port Washington, etc. Locally common. Naturalized from Europe. Waste places, Rochester, D. M. White. ANNOTATED LIST Of FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 489 2 Althaea rosea Cav. Diss. 2: 91. pi. 29. f. 3. 1790 Hollyhock Native of southern Europe and Asia. Common in cultivation and occasionally persistent in waste places, rarely or perhaps never established permanently. MALVA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 687. 1753 1 Malva sylvestris L., l.c. 689 High mallow In waste places and along roadsides. Sparingly adventive from Europe, especially in Westchester and Monroe counties, and occasionally elsewhere. 2 Malva rotundifolia L., l.c. 688 Low, dwarf or running mallow, cheeses In waste places. Common throughout nearly all sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 3 Malva verticillata L., l.c. 689 M. crispa L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 970. 1763 In waste places and along roadsides few localities. Native of Europe. 4 Malva moschata L. Sp. PI. 690. 1753 Musk mallow, musk plant In waste places and along roadsides and railroads. Frequent or common in many parts of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 5 Malva Alcea L., l.c. 689 European or vervain mallow In waste plac-es. Occasionally escaped from gardens or established. Reported from Buffalo and vicinity in 1865 by Clinton. Native of Europe. SIDA L. Sp. PI. 683. 1753 Sida spinosa L., l.c. Prickly sida, Indian or false mallow In waste places and roadsides in southeastern New York. Rare. Reported from as far north as Peekskill by Mead (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 1 14. 1843). Perhaps adventive from New Jersey southward where it is native. ABUTILON (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. abr. ed. 4. 1754 Abutilon Abutilon (L.) Rusby, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 222. 1894 Velvetleaf, Indian mallow Sida Abutilon L. Sp. PI. 685. 1753 A. Theophrasti Medic. Malv. 28. 1787 A. Avicennas Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 2: 251. pi. 135. 1791 Whorled or curled mallow Sparingly naturalized in a 490 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In waste places. Frequent or common in many sections of the State, outside of the higher mountains. Naturalized from Asia, and common as a weed in all warm countries. HIBISCUS L. Sp. PI. 693. 1753 Section Euhibiscus Hibiscus Sect. Euhibiscus, *M alvavisoides Robinson, Syn. FI. i1 : 333. 1897 Hibiscus palustris L., l.c. Mallow rose, swamp rose mallow H. Moscheutos of N. Y. reports. Not L. H. opulifolius Greene, Leaflets 2: 65. 1910 In brackish marshes along the coast of Long Island and Staten Island. Less frequent up the Hudson river to Peekskill. Marshes about Onondaga lake, along the Seneca river, outlet of Cayuga lake, the Montezuma marshes, and rare along Lake Ontario in Wayne and Monroe counties. Also reported from Lake Erie. Forma Peckii House ( H . Moscheutos forma Peckii House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 54. 1923) with pure white petals, occurs at Patchogue, Long Island, where it was collected by Doctor Peck. 2 Hibiscus oculiroseus Britton, Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 220. 1903 Crimson-eye rose mallow In salt marshes on Long Island, Staten Island and in New Jersey. Infrequent. Section K e t m i a Ketmia (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. abr. ed. 4. 1754 Hibiscus, ***K etmia Robinson, l.c. 3 Hibiscus syriacus L.. l.c. 695 Shrubby althaea or rose of Sharon Ketmia syriaca Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, 2: 45. 1772 Common in cultivation and sparingly escaped or established in some localities, or long persistent in abandoned or neglected grounds. Native of western Asia. TRIONUM (L.) Medic. Malv. 46. 1787 Trionum Trionum (L.) Wooton & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 19 : 417. 1915 Bladder ketmia, flower-of-an-hour, modesty Hibiscus Trionum L. Sp. PI. 697. 1753 T. annuum, and T. frutescens Medic., l.c. 47 T. diffusion Moench, Meth. 618. 1794 H. Collinsiana Nutt, in T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 237. 1838 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 49I In waste places, fields and roadsides. Occasionally or locally established or escaped from cultivation. Native of southern Europe. KOSTELETZKYA Presl. Rel. Ha-enk. 2: 130. pi. 70. 1836 Pentagonocarpus (Mich.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 73. 1891 Kosteletzkya virginicia (L.) A. Gray, Gen. 2: 80. pi. 132. 1849 Virginia kosteletzkya Hibiscus virginica L. Sp. PI. 697. 175,3 H. clypcatus Walt. FI. Car. 177. 1788 FI. pentaspermus Nutt. Am. Jour. Sci. 5: 298. 1822 Pavonia virginica Spreng. Syst. 3 : 98. 1826 Pentagonocarpus virginicus Kuntze, l.c. In salt marshes. Rare on the north side of Long Island near the western end. Increasingly common along the coast south of our borders. ANODA Cav. Diss. 1 : 38. t. 10. f. 3. 1785 Anoda triangularis (Humb. & Bonpl.) DC. Prodr. 1: 459. 1824 Sida triangularis Humb. & Bonpl. ; Willd. Enum. 725, i8og Native of tropical America. Adventive on Staten Island, Hollick (Torreya 22: 3. 1922). Melochia corchorifolia L. Sp. PI. 675. 1753 [BUETTNERI- ACEAE R. Br. ( Sterculiaceae H.B.K.)], native of tropical Amer¬ ica, is reported by Hollick (Torreya 22: 3. 1922), as adventive on Staten Island. Family 80 HYPERICACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 77. 1836 St Tohn’s-wort Family ASCYRUM L. Sp. PI. 787. 1753 1 Ascyrum stans Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 77. 1803 St Peter’s-wort In dry or sandy depressions. Rare in Suffolk county on Long Island. 2 Ascyrum hypericoides L. Sp. PI. 788. 1753 St Andrew’s cross A. Crux-Andreae L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1197. 1763. Not L. 1753 A. multicaule Michx., l.c. In dry sandy soil. Uncommon on Long Island and Staten Island. 492 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM HYPERICUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 783. 1753 Section Roscyna Roscyna Spach. Ann. Sci. Nat. II 5: 364. 1836 1 Hypericum Ascyron L. Sp. PI. 783. 1753 Great or giant St John’s-wort H. pyramidatum Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 103. 1789 R. americana & R. Gmelini Spach, l.c. H. amplexicaule Lam. Encycl. 4: 147. 1796 H. ascyroides Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1443. 1803 H. macrocarpum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 82. 1803 Banks of streams and in low grounds. Lake Champlain and Washington county west to St Lawrence county and Lake Erie southward to Sullivan and Ulster counties and the counties bordering on Pennsylvania. Infrequent or locally abundant. 2 Hypericum Kalmianum L. Sp. PI. 783. 1753 Kalm’s St John’s-wort H. Bartramium Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 10. 1768 In sandy or rocky soil in the vicinity of Niagara Falls. Otherwise chiefly west and south of our borders. Section Myriandra Myriandra Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 5: 364. 1836 Brathydium Spach, l.c. 365 3 Hypercum prolificum L. Mant. 1: 106. 1767 Shrubby St John’s-wort Myriandra ledifolia Spach, l.c. H. rosmar ini folium T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 158. 1838. Not Lam. In sandy or rocky soil. Local. Hannibal, Oswego county, L. L. Shaff (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 150: 31. 1911. Jerome Park. New York City, Bicknell (Torr. Club Bui. 7: 52. 1880). Queens county, Calverly (Grout in Torreya 2: 52. 1902). 4 Hypericum densiflorum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 376. 1814 Bushy or dense-flowered St John’s-wort Myriandra spathulata Spach, l.c. H. prolificum var. densiflorum Gray, Man. ed. 3, 84. 1867 In pine-barren depressions. A southern species known in this State from a single locality near Babylon, Long Island, House. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 493 5 Hypericum adpressum Raf Am. Mo. Mag. 1 : 358. 1817 — Bart. Comp. FI. Phila. 2: 15. 1818 Creeping St John’s-wort H. Bonapartecie Bart. FI. N. Am. 3: 95. pi. 106. 1823 In low or wet situations. Frequent on Long Island. Not reported from Staten Island. 6 Hypericum ellipticum Hook. FI. N. Am. 1 : no. 1830 Elliptic-leaved or pale St John’s-wort H. sphaerocarpon Bart. Comp. FI. Phila. 2: 14. 1818. Not Michx. In swamps, bogs, marshes and along streams and shores of lakes and ponds. Common northward across the State. Less common in the western counties and rare south of the Hudson highlands. Not reported from Long Island or Staten Island. 7 Hypericum perforatum L. Sp. PI. 785. 1753 Common St John’s-wort Common throughout nearly all sections of the State as a weed in fields, meadows and waste ground. Naturalized from Europe. 8 Hypericum punctatum Lam. Encycl. 4 : 164. 1797 Spotted or corymbed St John’s-wort H. maculatum Walt. FI. Car. 189. 1788. Not Crantz. H. corymbosum Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1457. 1803 H. micranthum Chois. Prodr. Hyper. 44. t. 5. 1821 H. subpetiolatum Bicknell, in Small, FI. SE. U. S. 790. 1903 In moist soil. Frequent or common throughout the State except in the pine-barrens of Long Island and the higher Adirondacks. Section B r a t h y s. Brathys Mutis ; L. f. Suppl. 43. 1781 9 Hypericum boreale (Britton) Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 22: 213. 1894 Northern St John’s-wort H. canadcnse var. minimum Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 11: no. 1886 H. canadense var. boreale Britton, Torr. Club. 18: 365. 1891 In wet soil. Common across the northern part of the State. Less frequent or local southward to Long Island, central and western New York. 494 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 10 Hypericum mutilum L. Sp. PI. 787. 1753 Dwarf or small-flowered St John’s-wort H. Crux-Andreae L., l.c. H. quinqucnervium Walt. FI. Car. 100. 1788 H . parviflorum Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 145.7. 1803 Brathys quinquenervia Spach, l.c. 367 In low or wet grounds. Common throughout most sections of the State. 11 Hypericum gymnanthum Engelm. & Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 5: 212. 1847 Clasping-leaved St John’s-wort H. mutilum var. gymnanthum Gray, Man. ed. 5, 86. 1867 In wet sandy barrens. Rare on Long Island (Peck). 1 2 Hypericum majus (A. Gray) Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 225. 1894 Larger Canadian St John’s-wort H. canadcnse var. majus A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 86. 1867 In moist soil. Infrequent or locally abundant across the northern part of the State and in central New York. Less common westward to Lake Erie and southward to Long Island where very rare. Reported from a single locality on Staten Island. 13 Hypericum dissimulatum Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 40: 610. I9T3 In moist soil at New Drop, Staten Island and at Springfield and Rosendale, Long Island, Bicknell. Perhaps of wider distribution on southern Long Island. 14 Hypericum canadense L. Sp. PI. 785. 1753 Canadian St John’s-wort In wet soil. Common across the State northward. Less frequent in the uplands of western and southern New York, but not uncom¬ mon on Long Island. Section Sarothra Sarothra L. Sp. PI. 272. 1753 15 Hypericum gentianoides (L.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 9. 1888 Orange grass, pineweed, false St John’s-wort Sarothra gentianoides L., l.c. Hypericum Sarothra Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 79. 1803 H. setosum L. Sp. PI. 7§7- 1753 (as to Plukenet syn.) .S’, hypericoides Nutt. Gen. 1: 204. 1818 H. mudcaule Walt. FI. Car. 190. 1788 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 495 In moist or rather dry sandy or rocky soil. Locally common across the State outside of and chiefly south of the Adirondacks. Increas¬ ingly common southward and on the coastal plain. TRIADENUM Raf. Med. Repos. II 5: 352. 1808 Gardenia (Colden, 1756) Boehmer, in Ludw. Def. 292, 293. 1760 (cf. Farwell, Am. Mid. Nat. 8: 30. 192 2 E 1 o d e a Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 360. 1814. Not Elodea Michx. 1803 El odes Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 5: 353. 1836. Probably not Elodes Adans. 1763 Martia Spreng. Anleit. 2: 788. 1818 Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf. FI. Tellur. 3: 79. 1837 Marsh St John’s-wort Hypericum virginicum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1104. 1763 El. campanulatum Walt. FI. Car. 191. 1788 Elodea canipanulata Pursh, l.c. 379 Elodes virginica Nutt. Gen. 2: 17. 1818 T. purpureum Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 352. 1808 T. purpurascens Raf. Desv. Jour. Bot. 2: 171. 1809 Elodes virginica A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 86. 1867 Elodea Fraseri Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 5: 168. 1836 Gardenia virginica Farwell, l.c. In swamps, bogs and marshes or low grounds. Common through¬ out the State. Family 81 ELATINACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 88. 1836 Waterwort family ELATINE L. Sp. PI. 367. 1753 Potamopitys [L.] Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 58. 1891 i Elatine americana (Pursh) Arn. Ebinb. Jour. Sci. 1: 430. 1830 Waterwort, water purslane Peplis americana Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 238. 1814 Potamopitys americana Kuntze, l.c. Margins of ponds, lakes and slow streams. Infrequent, rare or local, but of general distribution throughout the State except the higher mountains. 2 Elatine minima (Nutt.) Fish. & Mey., Linnaea 10: 73. 1836 Lesser waterwort or mud plantain Crypta minima Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 1: 117. pi. 6. f. 1. 1817 Elatine Clintoniana Peck, 22nd Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 52. 1869 On shores of lakes and ponds and slow streams. Infrequent or rare from Rensselaer and Oneida counties southward. 496 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Bowman's pond, Rensselaer county, Peck; Averill Park, Wibbe; White lake and Forestport, Oneida county, Haberer; Albany, Gray; Lake Mahopac, Putnam county, /. Carey; Long Island, Torrey. Family 82 CISTACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 91. 1836. Rockrose family HELIANTHEMUM (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 Crocanthemum Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 6: 370. 1836 Heteromeris Spach, in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2 : 290. 1836 1 Helianthemum Bicknellii Fernald, Rhodora 21 : 36. 1919 Hoary frostweed H. corymbosum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 364. 1814. Not Michx. 1803 H. majus B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 6. 1888; Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 21: 259. 1894 (as to plant described, not Leclica major L.) C. majus Britton, in Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. ed. 2, 2: 540. 1913, as to descr. but excl. synonymy. H. canadcnse var. Walkcdae Evans, Bot. Gaz. 15: 211. 1890 In dry soil, usually in sandy or rocky places. Locally common across the State outside of the Adirondacks, from Lake Champlain to Lake Ontario, Lake Erie and southward. 2 Helianthemum propinquum Bicknell; Britton, Man. ed. 2, 1069. 1905 Southern hoary frostweed C. propinquum Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 40: 615. 1913 In sandy soil from western Long Island southward. Not common. Blake (Rhodora 20: 50. 1918) does not regard this as distinct from the preceeding species. 3 Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 308. 1803 Long-branched frostweed, rockrose, scrofula plant Lcchea major L. Sp. PI. 90. 1753* Cistus canadensis L., l.c. 526 H. ranmliflorum Michx., l.c. 307 Heteromeris canadensis Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 6: 370. 1836 Heteromeris Micliauxii Spach, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 291. 1836 Heteromeris cymosa Spach, l.c. Halimium canadense Grasser, Pflanzenreich 14: 5,1. 1903 In dry rocky or sandy soil. Common on Long Island and Staten Island. Less common northward to Albany and Saratoga counties, westward to Monroe and Erie counties. * Lechea major L., is, according to the specimen in the Linnaean herbarium, this species, but the name was taken up by Michaux for Lechea villosa Ell. Bicknell has taken up the name for the first species here listed, and the name was so used in the Illustrated Flora. To transfer now the name back to H. canadense only adds to the confusion, and the name, which has for so long been a source of confusion in this genus, may well be disregarded entirely, thus leaving our plant under the name H. canadense, by which it has always been known. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 497 4 Helianthemum dumosum (Bicknell) Fernald, Rhodora 19: 60. I9I7 Spreading frostweed or rockrose Crocanthemum dumosum Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 40: 613. 1913 In dry sandy soil. Hempstead Plains, Long Island, Bicknell, House. HUDSONIA L. Mant. i: 74. 1767 1 Hudsonia ericoides L., l.c. Heath-like hudsonia H. Nuttallii Sweet, Cist. PI. 19; G. Don, Gen. Syst. 1: 315. 1831 In dry sandy soil, especially in the pine-barrens, on Long Island and southward. Locally frequent. 2 Hudsonia tomentosa Nutt. Gen. 2 : 5. 1818 Wooly hudsonia, false heather H. maritime Torr.; Steud. Nom. ed. 2, 1: 778. 1841 In sandy soil along the seashore and in sandy pine-barrens on Long Island and Staten Island. Less frequent or local northward on the shores of Lake Champlain, Lake Pleasant and westward. The northern form, on the shores of Lake Pleasant, was described by Peck (45th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 26. 1893) as var. inter¬ media. LECHEA Kalm.; L. Sp. PI. 90. 1753 1 Lechea minor L., l.c. Thyme-leaved pinweed L. thymifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 77. 1803 L. novae-caesareae Austin; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 81. 1867 In dry, open places, usually in sandy or rocky soil or on dry or stony hillsides. Frequent or common across the State south of the Adirondack region. 2 Lechea racemulosa Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 2; 432. pi. 281. f. 3. 1791 Oblong-fruited pinweed L. minor var. gracilis T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 153. 1840; Torr. FI. N. Y. 1: 79. 1843 In dry sandy or rocky soil. Frequent on Long Island and Staten Island. Less common northward into Westchester county and at Highland Mills, Orange county, Peck. 3 Lechea mucronata Raf. in Desv. Jour. Bot. 4; 269. 1814 Large or hairy pinweed L. major Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 76. 1803. Not L. L. villosa Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 184. 1817 L. Drummondii Spach, in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 284. 1836 498 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In dry or sandy soil. Locally common across the State south of the Adirondack region. Increasingly common southward especially in the sandy sections of the Ontario lowlands, Oneida county, Albany county and on Long Island and Staten Island. 4 Lechea maritima Leggett, in Britton, Prel. Cat. N. J. 13. 1881 B-each pinweed L. thymifolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 91. 1814. Not Michx. L. minor var. maritima A. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 77. 1890 In sand or sandy soil along the seacoast of Long Island and Staten Island. Infrequent. 5 Lechea tenuifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 77. 1803 Narrow-leaved pinweed Lechea minor, vars. P & 7, Torr. & Gray, FI. N. Am. 1: 154. 1838 L. thesioides Spach, Comp. Bot. Mag. 1 : 284. 1835 In dry or rocky soil, usually in fields or open woods. Locally frequent across the State south of the Adirondacks and increasingly common southward. 6 Lechea Leggettii Britton & Hollick, Prel. Cat. N. Y. 6. 1888 Leggett’s pinweed L. minor Lam. Tabl. Eycycl. f. 52. f. 1. 1791. Not L. L. Leggettii var. pulchella Britton & Hollick, l.c. ? L. minor var. dumosa Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 79. 1843 In dry open places and sandy soil. Long Island and Staten Island. Rare and local northward into Westchester county. 7 Lechea intermedia Leggett; Britton, Torr. Club. Bui. 21: 252. 1894 Large-podded pinweed L. Leggettii var. intermedia Britton & Hollick, Prel. Cat. N. Y. 6. 1888 L. minor Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 72. 1834. Not L. In dry open woods and fields, especially in hilly or mountainous sections. Common across the State northward, outside of the higher Adirondacks, southward to the Hudson highlands. 8 Lechea stricta Leggett; Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 21: 251. 1894 Bushy or prairie pinweed Prairies and dry open situations. Western New York, according to Britton. Reported east to Bellville, Canada, Mcicoun, (Robinson, Syn. FI. i1: 193. 1895) The following names proposed by Rafin-esque, are largely impos¬ sible of determination, except by guess : viz : brevifolia, cinerea, corymbosa, floridana, furfuracea, glomerata, heterophylla, laxi flora, pauciflora, pulchella, recurvata, revoluta, secundidora, stellata, sur- culosa, ternifolia, uniflora, verna and virgata. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 499 Family 83 VIOLACEAE DC. FI. Franc. 4: 801. 1805 Violet family VIOLA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 933- 1753* adunca, 35 affinis, 10 arvensis, 38 Baxteri, 3 blanda, 22 Brittoniana, 18 canadensis, 30 conspersa, 33 cucullata, 12 domestica, 12a emarginata, 16 eriocarpa, 28 fimbriatula, 14 hirsutula, 8 i Viola pedata L. Sp. PI. 933. 1753 Bird’s-foot violet V. pedata /3. velutina Schw. Mm. Jour. Sci. 5 : 5.1. 1822 V. multifida Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 5. 1768 V . ftabellifotia Lodd. Bot. Cab. 8 : pi. 777. 1823 V. pedata var. bicolor Pursh, Raf. in D.C. Prodr. 1 : 291. 1824 V. pedata var. atropurpurca DC., l.c. In dry fields and open woods, usually in sandy soil. Infrequent or rare on Long Island, Staten Island and northward to Westchester county. Rockaway, Rushy (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 219. 1878). Near Glen Cove, Coles (Torr. Club Bui. 2: 23. 1871). Inwood, Bicknell, (Torr. Club Bui. 7: 114. 1880). Index to species incognita, 21 labradorica, 34 lanceolata, 25 latiuscula, 6 nephrophylla, 11 novae-angliae, 13 odorata, 27 pallens, 23 palmata, 2 papilionacea, 5 pectinata, 17 pedata, 1 primulifolia, 24 pubescens, 29 Rafinesquii, 37 renifolia, 20 rostrata, 36 rotundifolia, 26 rugulosa, 31 sagittata, 15 Selkirkii, 19 septentrionalis, 9 sororia, 7 striata, 32 tricolor, 39 triloba, 4 Var. lineariloba DC. Prodr. 1 : 291. 1824 V. digitata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 1 : 171. 1814 V. inornata Greene, Leaflets 1 : 3. 1903 * The acaulescent violets of the eastern United States, in particular, have received from botanists during the past three decades an unusual amount of attention. In spite of this, it can not be said that the status of all of them is satisfactorily settled. Much confusion still exists regarding the proper application of some of the older specific names like obliqua, papilionacea, sororia, cucullata, etc. It has recently been suggested that Hill’s V . obliqua represents what is now called V. affinis LeConte, a revival of the former use of this name; and that V. cucullata Aiton, is the same thing. V. papilionacea Pursh, is then put forward as the correct name for what has been called V. cucullata in all of our recent manuals, almost without question or exception. I can not see the force of the arguments for these proposed changes, which seem to be in line with the unnecessary changes in the application of such names as Quercus rubra, Populus balsamifcra, Prunus virginiana, etc., and it seems that the present use of these specific names in Viola as found in the seventh edition of Gray’s Manual, and in the second edition of the Illustrated Flora is substantially correct, and any doubts are more than counterbalanced by the confusion resulting from the proposed changes, a confusion the more undesirable in a group where so many hybrid forms are to be recognized. That such changes may obtain recognition leads me to suggest binomial names for the numerous hybrid species of violets which occur in our flora. 5°° NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Petals all of the same color, light blue, while in the typical species the two upper petals are dark purple. The variety is the commoner form of the species in this State in dry or sandy soil in meadows or open woods northward to Albany and Saratoga county, westward to Lake Erie. Reported many years ago from Watson, Lewis county by Hough. Forma alba (Thurber) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 46. 1923 V. pcdata var. alba Thurber, Torr. Club Bui. 1 : 20. 1870 V. pcdata forma alba Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 17 : 23. 1890 Suffolk county, Coles (Torr. Club Bui. 2: 23. 1871). Flushing, Allen (Thurber, l.c.), North of Rome, Paine, I. H. Hall (Torr. Club Bui. 1 : 22. 1870). Forma rosea (Sanders) House, l.c. 56 V. pcdata forma rosea Sanders Rhodora 13: 172. 1911 This form with rosy colored petals is rare. The only known locality in New York State is the edge of the Hempstead plains, House. 2 Viola Palmata F., l.c. Palmate or early blue violet On wooded hills in rather dry soil. Locally common across the State from Washington county to Lake Ontario, Lake Erie and southward where it is increasingly abundant especially in rich soil of rocky woodlands. x Viola modica (V. palmata x papilionacea Brainerd; Dowell, Torr. Club Bui. 37: 177. 1910 — Brainerd, Torr. Club Bui. 39: 85. pi. 6. f. A, Aa. 1912) . Originals raised by Doctor Brainerd from a plant collected in New Jersey. Brainerd cites New York collections. Dowell cites several from Staten Island, one of which is a hybrid between V. palmata and V. triloba. This hybrid is not infrequent in the Hudson valley. x Viola mistura. (V. palmata x sagittata Brainerd, Rhodora 15: US- 1913) . Type collected at Garrisons, N. Y., by E. S. Benton (Gray herbarium) Staten Island, Dowell (l.c. 178). x Viola Peckiana (V. palmata x sororia House, l.c. 53.) Early leaves broadly ovate to reniform, entire or with some of the leaves slightly lobed, somewhat pubescent above, glabrous beneath and on the petioles ; later leaves softly and rather densely pubescent on the petioles and lower leaf surfaces, the blades less pubescent above, and variously 3-7-lobed or nearly entire. Growing with V. palmata and V . sororia. Saugerties, Ulster county, C. H. Peck, May 10, 1904 (TYPE). Van Cortlandt Park, New York City, Ilouse. x Viola Angellae Pollard, Torreya 2: 24. 1902. (V. palmata x triloba Brainerd, Torr. Club Bui. 39: 88. 1912). Type collected near Orange, New Jersey. Infrequent or rare in New York State. 3 Viola Baxteri House, Bui. N. Y. State Mus. 233-234 : 11. 1921 Baxter’s violet On shaded hillsides, open woods and moist thickets, Ontario county, Baxter, House. Probably of wider distribution in western New York. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 50I This was first reported (Bui. N. Y. State Mus. 197: 58. 1918), as V. perpensa Greene, but subsequent investigations have shown that V. perpensa was based upon either aberant forms of V. pedatifida or upon hybrids of V. pedatifida with some other species. V . Baxteri may also be included in the conception of what is described as V. Bernardi Greene, by Pollard in Britton’s Manual, 1901, but V. Ber- nardi is quite different as shown by the type specimens seen in Doctor Greene’s herbarium before it was removed from Washington. x Viola excerpta. (V. Baxteri x fimbriatula) . Common at the type locality of V. Baxteri, growing with both of the parent species. In general appearance much like V. Angcllae Pollard. 4 Viola triloba Schw. Am. Jour. Sci. 5: 57. 1822 Three-lobed violet V. asarifolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 732. 1814 (in part perhaps) V. congener LeConte, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 140. 1826 V. palmata sororia Pollard, Bot. Gaz. 26: 332. 1898 (in part, not V. sororia Willd.) V. palmata asarifolia House, Torreya 2: 68. 1902 V . palmata dilatata Pollard, in Britton, Man. 635. 1905 (in part at least) V. vespertilionis Greene, Leaflets 1 : 217. 1906 V. ornithodes Greene, l.c. 218 In dry woodlands. Infrequent across the State south of the Adi- rondacks, and apparently south of the Ontario lowlands, westward to Lake Erie. Tottenville, and Ocean Terrace, Staten Island, Dowell (Torr. Club Bui. 37: 167. 1910). Bald mountain, Rensselaer county, Peck, House. Mendon, Monroe county, House. 5 Viola papilionacea Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 173. 1814 Meadow or hooded blue violet V. obliqua Schw. in Am. Jour. Sci. 5: 60. 1822 — Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. 2: 447. 1897 in part. Greene, Pittonia 3: 142. 1896. Not Ait. V. cucidlata var. papilionacea Eaton, Man. 389. 1833 V. laetaecaerulea Greene, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 70. 1901 In moist soil in fields, woods and groves, often in moist low woods or shaded alluvial soil which is occasionally inundated. Frequent across the State outside of the Adirondacks and higher Catskills, and increasingly abundant southward. x Viola conjugens Greene, Pittonia 4: 3. 1899. (V. papilionacea x sagittata Brainerd, Rhodora 8: 54. 1906- — House, Torr. Club Bui. 32: 256. 1905). Elsewhere Brainerd has mentioned V. conjugens as a possible hybrid between V. fimbriatula and V. sagittata, but the types seen in Doctor Greene’s herbarium indicate the relationship here maintained. Type of Brainerd’s hybrid name, is from Philadelphia, Pa. The hybrid is also found on Staten Island, Dowell (l.c. 178), and on Long Island. x Viola napae. (V. papilionacea x sororia Brainerd; Dowell (Torr. Club Bui. 37: 178. 1910). Occasional on Staten Island and in the Hudson valley, doubtless elsewhere. It may also be the basis for V. induta Greene. x Viola variabilis Greene, Pittonia 5: 91. 1902. ( V . palmata variabilis Stone, Proc. Phila. Acad. 667. 1903 — V. papilonacea x triloba Brainerd, Torr. Club. Bui. 39: 90. 1912). Springville, Staten Island, Davis (Brainerd, 502 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM l.c.). Bald mountain, Rensselaer county, House. Type from Washington, D. C. Doctor Brainerd states that the several original sheets of Greene's V. variabilis, are not all the true hybrid, so that it is difficult to designate a definite type specimen for Greene’s name. 6 Viola latiuscula Greene, Pittonia 5:93. 1902 On hillsides and in open dry woodlands. Infrequent or local throughout the eastern and northern sections of the State. Perhaps of wider distribution. Minerva, Essex county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 94: 35. 1905). Newcomb, House. Victor, Ontario county, Matthews (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 90I 1907), Otis summit, Greene county, House 6037. Cedar Hill, Albany county, Peck. Hoosick Junction, Rensse¬ laer county, Brainerd. Dutchess county, Eggleston. x Viola Slavinii. (V. latiuscula x triloba Brainerd, Torr. Club Bui. 39: 94. 1912.) Type from Salamanca, collected by B. H. Slavin 7 Viola sororia Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 263. pi. 73. 1806 Woolly blue violet, sister violet V. asarifolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 2: 734. 1814 (in large part) V. cuspidata Greene, Pittonia 3: 314. 1898 V. nodosa Greene, l.c. 4: 296. 1901 V. Dicksonii Greene, l.c. 4: 65. 1899 In dry or moist open woodlands, shady places and less frequently in open fields, pastures, etc. Common across the State from Lake Champlain to the St Lawrence river, outside of the higher Adiron¬ dack's, westward and southward, but largely absent from the coastal plain. Forma Beckwithii House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244 : 40 1923, with white petals, occurs near Rochester Florence Beckithth, and on Staten Island, Dozvell (l.c. 167). x Viola populifolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 337. 1898 (V. sororia x triloba Brainerd, Torr. Club Bui. 39: 92. 1912). The type of Greene’s name is from Ontario. Brainerd’s type is from Vermont. Wemple, Albany county, House. 8 Viola hirsutula Brainerd, Rhodora 9 : 98. 1907 Southern wood violet V. villosa Nutt. Gen. 1: 148. 1818- — Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. 2: 447. /. 2488. 1897. Not Walt. 1788 V. sororia G. Don, Gen. Syst. 1: 324. 1831. Eaton, Man. 390. 1833 — LeConte, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 142. 1828. Not Willd. 1809 V. palmata var. villosa Robinson, Syn. FI. 1: 196. 1895 In rich rather dry soil of open woods and thickets. Rare on Long Island (Babylon, House) and Staten Island, and from Tioga county, Fcnno, southward. A specimen from North Greenbush, Rensselaer county, collected by Peck, is in the state herbarium. x V. ravida. (V. hirsutula x palmata Brainerd, Torr. Club Bui. 39: 96. 1912). Type from Plainfield, N. J. x Viola cordifolia (Nutt.) Schw. Am. Jour. Sci. 5: 62. 1822. V. hirsutula ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 503 x papilionacea Brainerd, Rhodora 9 : 98. 1907. V. villosa var. cordifolia Nutt. Gen. 1: 148. 1818 V. villosa var. cordata Torrey, FI. U. S. 1: 252. 1824. V. papilionacea x villosa House, Rhodora 8: 121. 1906). Type of Brainerd’s hybrid from near Philadelphia, of House’s, from Wash¬ ington, D. C. Reported by Dowell (l.c. 176) from Staten Island. Babylon, Long Island, House. x Viola perpera. (V. hirsutula x sororia Dowell. Torr. Club Bui. 37: 176. pi. 16. 1910). Type from Staten Island, Dowell x Viola dissita. (V. hirsutula x triloba Brainerd, Torr. Club Bui. 39: 95. 1912. V. palmata x villosa Brainerd, Rhodora 8: 56. 1906, House, Rhodora 8: 121. 1906). Type from Milltown, New Jersey. Babylon, Long Island, House. 9 Viola septentrionalis Greene, Pittonia 3 : 334. 1898 Northern blue violet V. Macounii Greene, l.c. 335 In moist open woodlands and openings. Frequent or common across the State northward. Less common southward to Dutchess Ulster and Delaware counties, and westward to Genesee county. x Viola montivaga. (V. septentrionalis x sororia Brainerd, Rhodora 6: 221. 1904. Type from Vermont. Infrequent chiefly south of the Adirondacks and in the Hudson valley, where the ranges of the two parent species overlap. 10 Viola affinis LeConte, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2 : 138. 1828 LeConte’s violet f V. obliqua Hill, Hort. Kew. 288. pi. 12. 1769.* ? V. cordata Walt. FI. Car. 219. 1788 V. cr.enulata Greene, Pittonia 4: 295. 1901 V. venustula Greene, Pittonia 3: 335. 1898 In moist meadows, low woods, shady borders of streams and in low . or swampy woods. Common across the State southward. Less frequent northward to Lake Champlain, the Canadian border, the St Lawrence basin and westward to Lake Erie. In the Adirondacks up to 2000 feet altitude. x Viola Davisii. (V. affinis x Brittoniana Dowell, Torr. Club Bui. 37: 160. pi. 11. 1010). Tvpe from Staten Island. Also found on the Hempstead plains. Long Island. House. x Viola Hollickii. (V. affinis x fimbriatula Dowell, l.c. 170. pi. 12. Type from Staten Island. Dowell. Also found in Bronx county, House. x Viola consobrina. (V. affinis x. hirsutula Dowell, l.c. 171. V. affinis x villosa Brainerd. Rhodora 8: 56. 1906. Type from near Philadelphia, Stone Most of what Stone includes under V . villosa cordifolia seems to belong here according to Brainerd. Staten Island, Dowell. Babylon. Long Island, House. x Viola subaffinis. (V. affinis x nephronhylla Brainerd, Rhodora 8: 50. ico6L Type from the east shore of Providence island, Lake Champlain, x Viola discors. (V. affinis x palmata Dowell, Torr. Club Bui. 37: 171. * V. obliqua Hill. The status of this name may never be satisfactorily settled. Torrey and Grav thought likelv that it mfght be V. rotundifolia Michx. because of the expression “netala stranrnea,” used by Hill. Pursh and Faton assigned the name to the white-flowered- blanda group, and it is not unlikely that the original of Hill’s V. obliqua is V. blanda or V. incognita. Schweinitz and more lately Doctor Greene regarded the name as what is now usually called V. papilionacea. while other authorities have recently regarded it as the same as LeConte’s V. affinis. 5°4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM pi. 13. 1910). Type from Staten Island, Dowell. Near Gun Hill road, Bronx county. House. x Viola columbiana. ( V. affinis x papilionacea House, Rhodora 8: 119. 1906 — Dowell, l.c. 171.) Type from Woodbridge, D.C. Staten Island, Dowell. This may be V. filicetorum Greene. x Viola consocia. (V. affinis x cucullata Brainerd. Rhodora 8: 49. 1906). Type from Vermont. Staten Island, Doivell. Selkirk, Albany county, House. x Viola dissena. (V. affinis x sagittata Brainerd, Rhodora 8: 55.. 1906 — Dowell, l.c. 171). Type from Maryland. Reported by Dowell from Staten Island. x Viola champlainensis. (V. affinis x septentronalis Brainerd, Rhodora 6: 219. 1904). Type from Knight’s island, Lake Champlain. Occasional across northern New York. x Viola consona. (V. affinis x sororia Branerd, l.c. 221 — Dowell, l.c. 1 7 1 ) . Type from an island in Lake Champlain, Brainerd. Staten Island, Dowell. 11 Viola nephrophylla Greene, Pittonia 3: 144. 1896 Northern bog violet In mossy bogs and borders of lakes and streams. Frequent across the northern part of the State, southward to Washington, Rensselaer Otsego, Herkimer, Tompkins, Wayne and Genesee counties. Also in the western Catskills. The leaves often simulate those of V. emarginata, especially in the marly bogs of central and western New York, which form may not belong here, but which may be V. vagula Greene, a name usually regarded as synonymous with V. nephro- phylla. 12 Viola cucullata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 228. 1789 Marsh blue violet V. palmata var. ciccullata A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 11: 254. 1886 V . leptoscpala Greene, Pittonia 5 : 98. 1902 V. oconcnsis House, Torreya 7: 137. fig. 4. 1907 V . prionoscpala Greene, l.c. 99 V. cucullata forma prionosepala Brainerd, Rhodora 15: 112. 1913 In wet places, usually in open marshes, swamps and borders of streams and ponds. Common throughout the State. A form with white petals, forma albiflora Britton, is not rare. Forma Thurstonii (Twining) comb. nov. (var. Thurstonii Twining, FI. NE. Pa. 52. 1917), has petals irregularly mottled with blue and white. The common northern form has the leaves more or less minutely hirtellous ; margins of the sepals often interruptedly serrulate-ciliolate, and is the form described by Greene as V. prionosepala. It is usually indistinctly separated from the smoother form of deeper and cooler swamps, while southward from Lake Champlain and the Ontario lowlands, there is frequently found a variety with broader, thicker and less cucullate leaf-blades, sepals minutely ciliate on the margins, scapes and petioles often with a few scattered hairs, which is the var. macrotis (Greene) Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 673. 1903 (V. macrotis Greene, l.c. 97). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 505 x Viola Porteriana Pollard, Torr. Club Bui. 24: 404. pi. 314. 1897. (V. cucullata x fimbriatula Brainerd, Rhodora 6: 217. 1904), perhaps also V. amorpliylla Pollard, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 13: 129. 1900, cf. Brainerd, Torr. Club Bui. 38: 3. 1911). Type from Pennsylvania. Occasional on Long Island, Staten Island and northward to central and western New York. x Viola insessa. (V. cucullata x nephrophylla Brainerd, Rhodora 8: 50. 1906. Type from Vermont. Not reported from New York. x Viola Ryonii. (V. cucullata x palmata Brainerd, Rhodora 15: 115. 1913, not Brainerd, l.c. 1906. Type from Connecticut. x Viola Bissellii. (V. cucullata x papilionacea Brainerd, Rhodora 8 : 56. 1906 — Dowell, Torr. Club Bui. 37: 174. 1910). Type from Connecticut. Staten Island, Dowell, Between New York and Yonkers, Eggleston & Brainerd. North Greenbush, Peck. x Viola lavandulacea Bicknell, Torreya 4: 130. 1904. (V. cucullata x primulifolia Brainerd, Rhodora 11 : 115. 1909). Rosedale and Woodmere, Long Island, Bicknell. Previously Brainerd (Rhodora 8: 52. 1906) has suggested that this is a hybrid between V. cucullata and V. emarginata, which seems more likely than with V. primulifolia as one of the parent species. x Viola festata. (V. cucullata x sagittata Brainerd, Rhodora 8: 52. 1906. V. emarginata Stone, l.c., 685. V. oconensis x sagittata House, Torreya 7: 136. 1907). Brainerd’s hybrid name for this is based upon Stone’s specimens. It also occurs rarely on Long Island. x Viola melissaefolia Greene, Pittonia 5: 193. 1902. (V. cucullata x septentrionalis Brainerd, Rhodora 6 : 220. 1904). Type of Greene’s name from Prince Edward Island. Brainerd’s name is based upon plants from the same source. A not uncommon hybrid in northern New York. x Viola conturbata. (V. cucullata x sororia Brainerd, Rhodora 4: 222. 1904). Type from Massachusetts. Rare in New York. x Viola Greenmani. (V. cucullata x triloba Brainerd, Rhodora 15: 115. 1913 — -Dowell, Torr. Club Bui. 37: 174. 1910. V. cucullata x palmata var. dilatata Auth. Not Ell., Brainerd, Rhodora 8: 56. 1906. Type from near Lexington, Mass., Greenman. Staten Island, Dowell. 12a Viola domestica Bicknell; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3: 519. f. 2487a. 1898 V. communis Pollard, Bot. Gaz. 26 : 336. 1898. Not Wittrock V. papilionacea Greene, Pittonia 5: 14. 1900 V. familiaris Greene, Cybele Columbiana 1 : 14. 1914 It is difficult to properly place this distinctive looking violet which is fre¬ quent, especially in yards and near dwellings, in many portions of the eastern States. It is by some authorities now placed in V. papilionacea, with the indigenous form of which it has little in common beyond some similarity in the cleistogenes and their resultant capsules, and like it also glabrous. The specimens which I have seen strongly suggest a possible hybrid origin between V. cucullata and V. papilionacea (V. Bissellii House). 13 Viola novae-angliae House, Rhodora 6 : 226. 1904 Type collected at Fort Kent, Maine, Fernald. It has since been reported from several localities westward along the Great Lakes to Wisconsin, and may be looked for in northern New York. 14 Viola fimbriatula J. E. Smith, in Rees Cycl. 23. 1817 Ovate-leaved violet V. primulifolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 172. 1814. Not L. V. ovata Nutt. Gen. 1: 147. 1818 V. alleghaniensis R. & S. Syst. 5 : 560. 1819 V. sagittata Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 63. 1865.. Not Ait. In dry or sandy fields and on hillsides, often in rocky soil. Com¬ mon across the State outside of the Adirondacks and increasingly 5°6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM common southward. Largely absent from strictly calcareous soils. x Viola redacta. (V. fimbriatula x hirsutula Dowell, Torr. Club Bui. 37 : 175- ph 15- I9Jo. V. fimbriatula x villosa House, Rhodora 8: 121. igo6). Type from the District of Columbia. Staten Island, Dowell. Babylon, Long Island, House. x Viola convicta. (V. fimbriatula x palmata Brainerd, Rhodora 15: 114. 1913. Not Robinson, 1906). Frequent in the Hudson, valley and rarely west¬ ward across the State where the two parent species occur together. x Viola aberrans Greene; Stone, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. 683. pi. 37. f. 4-6. 1903, as syn. (V. papilionacea aberrans Stone, l.c. V. fimbriatula x papilionacea Brainerd, Rhodora 8: 54. 1906). The type specimens of Greene’s are undoubtedly various hybrid stages between V. fimbriatula and V. papilionacea. The type of Stone’s description (Stone 5147), was referred by Brainerd to V. fimbriatula x sororia (Rhodora 6: 218. 1904), but later Brainerd referred Greene’s V. aberrans to this hybrid. Frequent on Staten Island and on Long Island. x Viola abundans. (V. fimbriatula x sagittata Brainerd, Rhodora 8: 54. 1906). An extremely variable hybrid, as pointed out by Brainerd, who designates four extremes as A B C and D. Occasional on Staten Island, Leggett, Britton, Hollick (Dowell Torr. Club Bui. 37: 175. 1910), and on Long Island. x Viola parca. (V. fimbriatula x septentrionalis Brainerd, Rhodora 6: 215. 1908). Type from Vermont. Fulton county, House. x Viola Fernaldii. (Viola fimbriatula x sororia Brainerd, Rhodora 6: 218. 1904 — Dowell, l.c. 175). A rather common and conspicuous hybrid violet. Occurs in New York State northward to Albany and Oneida counties, and doubtless of general occurence wherever the two parent species grow. x Viola Robinsoniana. (V. fimbriatula x triloba Brainerd, Rhodora 15: 114. 1913, first named as a hybrid with V. palmata Rhodora 8: 53. pi. 70. 1906). Type from Massachusetts. Also on Staten Island, Dowell (l.c. 175). 15 Viola sagittata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 287. 1789 Arrow-leaved violet V. dcntata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 172. 1814 Moist banks and turfy meadows. Frequent on Long Island and Staten Island. Less common northward in the Hudson valley to Greene and Rensselaer counties. A pubescent form, which simulates somewhat V. sagittata in leaf form is not uncommon in the Hudson valley but apparently merges into typical V. fimbriatula, to which all pubescent forms perviously reported as V. sagittata, are here referred. x Viola eaesariensis. (V. sagittata x triloba Brainerd, Rhodora 15: 115. 1913, first described, Rhodora 8: 54. 1906, as V. palmata x sagittata Brainerd. Type from New Jersey. 16 Viola emarginata (Nutt.) LeConte, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 142. 1828 Triangle-leaved violet V. sagittata var. emarginata Nutt. Gen. 1: 147. 1818 In dry woods and on hillsides. Infrequent or rare on Long Island and Staten Island. The varietv acutiloba Brainerd, rare on Staten Island. x Viola erratica. (V. emarginata x fimbriatula Brainerd, Rhodora 8: 57. 1906 — 'Dowell, Torr. Club Bui. 37: 174. 1910). Type from near Wash- ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 507 ington, D. C. Staten Island, Dowell,. Brainerd describes 4 extremes or forms which this hybrid assumes. x Viola dlmissa. (V. emarginata x hirsuirula Malte & Macoun, Ottawa Nat. 28: 164. 1915. (V. emarginata x villosa House, Rhodora 8: 120. 1906). Type from District of Columbia. x Viola Greenei. (V. emarginata x papilionacea House, Rhodora 8: 120. 1906). Type from District of Columbia. x Viola cestrica. (V. emarginata x sagittata Brainerd, Rhodora 8: 58. 1906 — Dowell, l.c. 174)). Type from Chester county, Pa. Staten Island, Dowell. Babylon, Long Island, House. 17 Viola pectinata Bicknell, Torreya 4: 129. 1904 Pectinate-leaved violet In low meadows bordering salt marshes. Rare on Long Island and Staten Island. 18 Viola Brittoniana Pollard, Bot. Gaz. 26: 332. 1898 4 Britton’s coast violet V. atlantica Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 24: 92. 1897. Not Pomel. 1874 In low turfy meadows or moist sandy soil. Locally common on Long Island and Staten Island and the Long Island Sound shore of Westchester and Bronx counties. x Viola notabils Bicknell, Torreya 4: 131. 1904. (V. Brittoniana x cucullata House, Torr. Club Bui. 32: 255. pi. 17. 1905 — erroneously desig¬ nated by Brainerd. Rhodora 8: 52. 1906, as V. cucullata x septemloba) . Type from Long Island. Several localities on Staten Island, Dowell (l.c. 172). x Viola Holmiana. (V. Brittoniana x emarginata House, Rhodora 8: 120. pi. 71. 1906 — Brainerd, Rhodora 8: 53. 1906. as V. emarginata x septemloba. “ Cut-leaved forms of V. emarginata ’’ Greene, Pittonia 3: pi. 7, 8, by Holm). Type from near Washington, D. C. Not reported from New York. x Viola Mulfordae Pollard, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 203. (V. Brit¬ toniana x fimbriatula Dowell, Torr. Club Bui. 37: 172. 1910 — Brainerd, Rhodora 8: 51. 1906, as V. fimbriatula x septemloba) . Type from Long Island, where frequent. Staten Island, Dowell. x Viola Eamesii. (V. Brittoniana x palmata Malte & Macoun, Ottawa Nat. 28: 163. 1915 — V. palmata x septemloba Brainerd, Rhodora 8: 55. 1906). Type from Connecticut. x Viola insolita. (V. Brittoniana x papilionacea Dowell, Torr. Club Bui. 37: 173. pi. 14. 1910). Type from Staten Island, Dowell. x Viola marylandica. (V. Brittoniana x sagittata House, Rhodora 8: 120. 1906— Dowell, l.c. 173 — Brainerd, Rhodora 8: 51 pi. 66 f. a, b. 1906, as V. sagittata x septemloba) . Type from Hyattsville, Md. Staten Island, Britton, Davis, Dowell. 19 Viola Selkirkii Pursh ; Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 6 : 324. 1822 Selkirk’s or great-spurred violet Shaded ravines and cool mountain forests. Locally common across the State northward. Less frequent or rare southward to Dutchess, Ulster and Greene counties, westward to Broome, Tompkins and Chautauqua counties. 20 Viola renifolia A Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 288. 1870 Kidney-leaved violet In arbor-vitae swamps and cold moist woods. Common across 5°8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the State northward. Less frequent southward to the Catskill moun¬ tains and westward to Yates and Genesee counties. Var. Brainerdii (Greene) Fernald, Rhodora 14: 88. 1912 V. Brainerdii Greene, Pittonia 5: 89. 1902 Infrequent or occasional in northern and central New York. 21 Viola incognita Brainerd, Rhodora 7: 84. 1905 Large-leaved white violet Moist woodlands and rich mountain forests. The most abundant white-flowered violet of northern and central New York. Frequent southward to the northern part of Long Island, but largely absent from most sections of the coastal plain. Var. Forbesii Brainerd, Torr. Club. Bui. 38: 8. 1911. Frequent in northern and central New York. Forms which are intermediate between this and the preceding species, and which may be of hybrid origin occur rarely in northern and central New York. 22 Viola blanda Willd. Hort. Berol. pi. 24. 1806 Sweet white violet V. amoena LeConte, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 144. 1828. Not Symons, 1798 V. LeConteana G. Don, Gen. Syst. 1: 324. 1831 V. blanda var. palustriformis A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. u : 255. 1886 A. alsophila Green, Pittonia 4: 7. 1899 In cool ravines and moist shady slopes, usually in rich humus soil. Common across the State outside of, and chiefly south of the Adiron¬ dack region, and not reported from the higher Catskills. 23 Viola pallens (Banks) Brainerd, Rhodora 7 : 247. 1905 Northern white violet V. rotundifolia var. pallens Banks, in DC. Prodr. 1 : 295. 1824 V. blanda Am. Auth., in large part. Not Willd. In mossy or springy places and along cold brooks. Common across the State northward, especially throughout the mountainous sections. Less common southward to northern Long Island and rare on Staten Island. x Viola mollicula (V. pallens x primulifolia Dowell, Torr. Club Bui. 37: 168. pi. 18. 1910). Type from Staten Island. x Viola sublanceolata. (V. lanccolata x pallens House, N. Y. State ;Mus. Bui. 243-244: 26. 1923. Newcomb, Essex county, House 24 Viola primulifolia L. Sp. PI. 934. 1753 Primrose-leaved violet In moist open places. Common on Long Island and Staten Island. Rare and local northward to Westchester county. ANNOTATED list of ferns and FLOWERING PLANTS 5°9 25 Viola lanceolata L. Sp. PI. 934. 1753 Lance-leaved or water violet Open bogs and low or wet meadows, fields and shores. Common in the southern part of the State. Local northward to Albany, Wash¬ ington, Saratoga, Fulton, Hamilton and Essex counties (Lake Harris, 1550 feet altitude, House) west to Oneida, Onondaga and St Law¬ rence counties. x Viola modesta. ( V . lanceolata x primulifolia Dowell, l.c. 176. pi. 17) . Type from Staten Island. 26 Viola rotundifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 150. 1803 Round-leaved yellow violet V. clandestina Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 173. 1814 In cool rich woods usually in moist or rich leaf mold. Common throughout the Adirondack region and the northern counties. Less frequent or locally common south-ward to Staten Island and west¬ ward across the State to Lake Erie. Not reported from Long Island. 27 Viola cdorata L. Sp. PI. 934. 1753 English, March or sweet violet Native of Europe. Common in cultivation and occasionally escaped or established in many sections of the State. 28 Viola erioearpa Schw. Am. Jour. Sci. 5: 75. 1822 Smoothish yellow violet V. pubcscens var. scarbriuscula T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 : 142. 1838 V. scarbriuscula Schw., T. & G., l.c. as syn. V. gibbosa Raf . ; Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1: 305. 1824 In moist or low woodlands. Common across the State outside of the higher Adirondack region. If Schweinitz had inverted the designated character of the indu- ment of the capsules for this species and the next, his characteriza¬ tion of the two would fit our two yellow flowered caulescent violets exactly. V . erioearpa in this State usually has glabrous or nearly glabrous capsules, and is best characterized by the narrower, more nearly ovate, smaller leaves including the few or several basal ones which are commonly present at the base of the one or more stems which arise from a single root, and which are usually ascending and not as stout and erect as in V. pubescens. The stems and leaves are also nearly or quite glabrous. Since the above paragraph was written, Fernald (Rhodora 23 : 275. 1922) has designated the variety with glabrous capsules as var. leiocarpa. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 510 29 Viola pubescens Ait. Hort. Kew. 3; 290. 1789 Hairy or downy yellow violet V. pennsylvanica Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 149. 1803 V. pubescens var. Eriocarpa Nutt. Gen. 1: 150. 1818 V. pubescens forma Eriocarpa Farwell, Papers Mich. Acad. Sci. 2 : 33. 1922 In moist or dry woods, often on shaded banks. Common through¬ out the State espeically northward. The capsules are usually woolly with a dense white indument in our specimens. Only two specimens (Bald mountain, Rensselaer county, Peck; Harrisville, Lewis county, Peck) have glabrous or nearly glabrous capsules. This variety with glabrous or nearly glabrous capsules is designated as var. Peckii House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 50. 1923. 30 Viola canadensis L. Sp. PI. 936. 1753 Canada violet V. curybiaefolia Greene, Pittonia 5: 25. 1902 In upland woods and on shaded banks. Common across the State northward. Southward to Dutchess, Rockland and Delaware coun¬ ties westward and southward. 31 Viola rugulosa Greene, Pittonia 5: 26. 1902 V. Rydbcrgii Greene, l.c. 27 A stouter and more strict plant than V. canadensis, with broader leaves which are rough pubescent above and notably pubescent be¬ neath, hirtellous on the veins ; stems and petioles hirtellous. Harrisville, Lewis county, Peck , 1904, state herbarium. 32 Viola striata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 290. 1789 Pale or striped violet V. ochroleuca Schw. Am. Jour. Sci. 5: 69. 1822 V . Leivisiana DC. Prodr. 1 : 297. 1824 ? V . debilis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 150. 1803* In low woods and shaded soil. Infrequent or rare from St Lawrence and Herkimer counties, southward to Chemung county and westward. Not definitely known from the eastern part of the State. 33 Viola conspersa Reichenb. Ic. Crit. 1 : 44. 1823 American dog violet V . debilis Schw., l.c. 7.1. Probably also Michx.* V. asarifolia Muhl. Cat. 25. 1813 V. Muhlenbergii Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1: 256. 1824 V. canina var. Muhlenbergii Gray, Bot. Gaz. 11: 292. 1886 * V. debilis Michx. This is usually referred to V. striata because the petals are stated to be white. It seems strange that so common a species as V. conspersa should have’ been overlooked by Michaux, in favor of an uncommon species like V. striata. V . conspersa has very pale blue petals, but neither can the creamy yellow colored petals of V . striata be called white. That Schweinitz used Michaux’s name debilis for our V. conspersa is significant and Eaton (Man. ed. 2, 495. 1818) also adopts debilis as the name for what is now called conspersa. V. uliginosa of Schweinitz undoutedly refers to V. Waltcri House. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 5 1 1 In low or shaded soil, and moist woodlands and thickets. Common across the State, but infrequent on the north side of Long Island and on Staten Island, and not reported from the south side of Long Island. Forma Masoni Farwell (Papers Mich. Acad. Sci. 2: 33. 1922, as var.), with white flowers, is rare. x Viola Malteana. (V. conspersa x rostrata Malte & Macoun, Ottawa Nat. 28: 167. 1915), described from Canada, should be looked for in this State where the two parent species occur together. 34 Viola labradorica Schrank, Denksch. Bot. Gesell. Regensb. 2 : 12. 1818 Alpine dog violet V. punctata Schw., l.c. 67. V. Muhlenbergii var. minor Hook. FI. Bor. Am. x : 78. 1830 Cold boggy places in the northern and higher Adirondacks. Mount Marcy, Taylor. Inlet, Hamilton county, House. Norfolk, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. 35 Viola adunca J. E. Smith, in Rees Cyclop. 38: No. 63. 1817 Sand violet V. canina var. puberula S. Wats.; Gray, Man. ed. 6, 81. 1890 V. sylvestris var. puberula Sheldon, Bui. Geol. & Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn. 9: 17. 1894 V . subvestita Green, Erythea 5: 39. 1897 V. huroncnsis Greene, Leaflets 2: 96. 1910 In sandy or sterile rocky soil. Locally abundant from Lake Champlain westward to the St Lawrence, outside of the higher Adirondacks, southward to Albany county and westward to Lake Erie. Locally common. Brainerd (Rhodora 15: 109. 1913) describes a var. glabra which may be looked for in the western part of the State. 36 Viola rostrata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 174. 1814 Long-spurred violet In moist or rich shaded woodlands and on banks. Common across the State northward, south to the Hudson highlands and Orange county, westward across the State. Forma Phelpsiae House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 51. 1923, with white flowers, is occasionally seen, the type collected by Mrs O. P. Phelps in St Lawrence county. The so-called var. elongata Farwell, l.c., has spurs of the flower 15-18 mm long. 37 Viola Rafinesquii Greene, Pittonia 4: 9. 1899 Field pansy V. tenella Muhl. Cat. 26. 1813. Not Poir. 1810 V. bicolor Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 1: 175. 1814 V. arvensis of many N. Y. reports. Not Murray, 1770 In fields and open woods. Infrequent on Long Island and Staten Island. 512 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 38 Viola arvensis Murray, Prodr. Stirp. Goett. 73. 1770 In cultivated fields and their borders. Locally frequent in Monroe county, near Poughkeepsie, New York City and a few other localities. Naturalized from Europe. 39 Viola tricolor L. Sp. PI. 935. 1753 Pansy or heartsease In waste places. Sparingly escaped from cultivation. Native of Europe. CUBELIUM Raf. Cat. Bot. Gard. Trans. 13. 1824 S o 1 e a Spreng. PI. Min. Cog. Pug. 1 : 22. 1813. Not Spreng. 1800 Cubelium concolor (Forster) Raf., l.c. Green violet Viola stricta Muhl. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3: 178 (name only). 1793. Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 175. 1814. Not Poir. 180S V. concolor Forester, Trans. Linn. Soc. 6: 309. 1802 Solea stricta Spreng. l.c. 22. 1813. Not Spreng. 1800 Solca concolor Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1: 306. 1824 lonidium concolor B. & H. ; Wats. Bibliog. Ind. 81. 1878 In moist woods and copses. Infrequent or rare from Rensselaer and Dutchess counties westward and southward across the State. Pine Plains and Mount Ararat, Dutchess county, Hoysradt (Torr. Club Bui. 5: 37, 47. 1874). New Lebanon near Shaker settlement, Beck (28th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 82. 1876). Vernon, Oneida county Douglass, Kneiskern ; Penn Yan, Sartwell (Plain, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 62. 1865). Manlius, Onondaga county, Wibbe. Rare, Cayuga and Tompkins counties, Dudley (Cayuga Flora, 13. 1886). Wayne county, Hankcnson; Monroe county at Gates, Fish; Dugway, Streeter; Power Mills, Boughton (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 49. 189655:90. 1917). Family 83 OPUNTIACEAE H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 6: 64. 1823 CACTACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 5,3. 1836 Cactus family OPUNTIA (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 Opuntia Opuntia (L.) Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 432. 1896 Eastern prickly pear Cactus Opuntia L. Sp. PI. 468. 175.3 Opuntia vulgaris Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. No. 1. 1768 In dry sandy soil or on rocks along the coast of Long Island sound in Westchester county and Bronx county. Frequent on Long Island and Staten Island. Rare northward to Columbia and Ldster counties. Clinton (19th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 78. 1866) cites a letter from Dr James Hadley in which it is made clear that the ref¬ erence to this species at Fairfield, Herkimer county, in Torrey’s ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 513 Flora New York 1843, was a mistake, but Hadley also states that the species was found near Syracuse in 1856 or 1857 by his friend, James L. Bennet, of Providence, R. I. who was well acquainted with the species. It has not however, been found there since, and this report is also based, no doubt, upon some error. Family BAPHNACEAE J. St. Hil. Expos. Fam. 1 : 180. 1805 £-rr_v:\. ( Thymeleaceae Reichenb. 1828) Mezereum family DAPHNE (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 356. 1753 Daphne Mezereum L. l.c. Spurge laurel, mezereum In waste places, along fencerows and borders of woods and swamps. Infrequent or locally abundant across the State south of the Adirondacks. Naturalized from Europe. DIRCA L. Sp. PI. 358. 1753 Dirca palustris L. Sp. PI. 358. 1753 Leatherwood, moosewood, wicopy In woods and thickets, mostly in wet soil, frequent or common across the State northward. Less frequent in the central, southern and western counties. Rare south of the Hudson highlands to Staten Island. Not reported from Long Island. Family 85 ELAEAGNACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 194. 1817 Oleaster family LEPARGYRAEA Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 176. 1817 Shepherdia Nutt. Gen. 2: 240. 1818 Lepargyraea canadensis (L.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 122. 1890 Canadian Buffalo berry Elacagnus canadensis L. Sp. PI. 1024. 1753 Shepherdia canadensis Nutt., l.c. On banks and hillsides, Essex, Schoharie and Jefferson counties westward to Lake Erie. Central Bridge and Sprakers, Montgomery county, Peck (32d Rep’t State Mus. 52. 1880). Fairfield, Herkimer county, Gray; Trenton Falls Kneiskern; Deerfield creek, opposite Utica; east bank of Onondaga lake; rocky sides of Black river, . Jefferson county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 122. 1865). Oswego, House. Mon¬ roe and Orleans counties (Proc. Roch. Acad. 3: 99. 1896). 5i4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Family 86 SALXCARIACEAE Desv. FI. Anjou. 320. 1827 (Lythraceae Lindl. 1836) Loosestrife family ROTALA L. Mant. 2: 175. 1771 Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne, in Mart. FI. Bras. 132: 194. 1875 Toothcup Ammannia ramosior L. Sp. PI. 120. 1753 A. humilis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 99. 1803 Boykinia humilis Raf. Aut. Bot. 9. 1840 In swamps. Albany and Schenectady counties southward. Rare. Around pools and banks of rivulets in the pine-barrens between Al¬ bany and Schenectady, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 186. 1865). Near Brooklyn, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 1 : 228. 1843). DECODON J. F. Gmel. Syst. Veg. 2 : 677. 1791 Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1 : 540. 1821 Swamp loosestrife, willowherb Lythrum verticillatum L. Sp. PI. 446. 1753 Decodon aquaticum J. F. Gmel., l.c. Anonymos aquatica Walt. FI. Car. 137. 1788 Nesaca verticillata H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 191. 1823 In swamps and shallow water along streams, lakes and ponds. Rare in the upper Hudson valley. Common from Oneida county and the region west of the Adirondacks westward and southward. Frequent south of the Hudson highlands and on Long Island and Staten Island. Not reported from the eastern and central Adiron¬ dack region. LYTHRUM L. Sp. PI. 446. 1753 1 Lythrum Salicaria L., l.c. Spiked or purple loosestrife In swamps and wet meadows. Frequent or locally common across the State south of the Adirondacks, and locally northward to Lake Champlain. Naturalized from Europe and in some sections becom¬ ing very common. 2 Lythrum Hyssopifolia L. Sp. PI. 447. 1753 Hyssop loosestrife Hyssopifolia parviflora Opiz, Seznam 53. 1852 Borders of marshes on Long Island and Staten Island. Rare. 3 Lythrum alatum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 334. 1814 Wing-angled loosestrife Pylhagorea alata Raf. Jour. Phvs. 84: 96. 1819 In low grounds. Locally abundant across the State outside of the Adirondack region, especially in the Ontario lowlands and the south¬ ern part of the State. Northward appearing adventive. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 5 1 5 PARSONSIA P. Br. ; Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 234. 1763 C u p h e a P. Br., l.c. Parsonsia petiolata (L.) Rusby, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 231. 1894 Blue waxweed, clammy cuphea, tarweed Ly thrum petiolatum L. Sp. PI. 446. 1753 Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. Hort. Vind. 2: 83. pi. 177. 1 772 C. petiolata Koehne, in Engler’s. Bot. Jahrb. 2: 173. 1882 In dry soil. Infrequent or rare from Washington county south¬ ward and westward. Native in the southern part of the State, hut northward often appearing adventive within recent years. Family 88 MELASTOMACEAE R. Br. Exp. Congo, App. 5. 1818 Meadow beauty family RHEXIA L. Sp. PI. 346. 1753 1 Rhexia mariana L., l.c. Maryland m-eadow beauty In pine-barren swamps. Rare on eastern Long Island. East Hampton, Jelliffee (Torreya 4: 100. 1904). 2 Rhexia virginica L., l.c. Meadow beauty, deer grass In sandy swamps and low meadows. Common on Long Island and Staten Island. Less frequent northward into Westchester county. Locally common east and north of Oneida lake in Oneida and Oswego counties, and reported by Hough from Lewis County. Family 89 EPILOBIACEAE Vent. Tabl. du Reg. Veg. 3: 1799 (Oenotheraceae Desv.; Onagraceae Dumort.) Evening primrose family LUDWIGIA L. Sp. PI. 1 18. 1753 Section 1 Isnardia I s n a r d i a L., l.c. 120 Dantia (Petit) Des Moul, Act Soc. Linn. Bord. 20: 517. 1859 i Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1:211. 1817 Marsh or water purslane Isnardia palustris L. Sp. PI. 120. 1753 L. apetala Walt. FI. Car. 89. 1788 L. repens Forster, Cat. PI. N. Am., in Bossu, Travels 2: 22. 1771 L. nitida Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 87. 1803 I. palustris, h americana DC. Prodr. 2: 60. 1825 I. ascendens Hall, in Eaton, Man. ed. 6, 353. 1836 In muddy ditches, swamps and on wet shores. Frequent or com¬ mon throughout the State except on Long Island where it is rare. 17 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 516 Absent from the pine-barrens. Somewhat variable, but apparently not different from the European form. Section 2 Ludwigiaria Isnardia, §. Ludwigiaria DC. Prodr. 3 : 60. 1828 1 Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1 : 213. 1817 Globe-fruited ludwigia Isnardia sphaerocarpa DC. Prodr. 3: 61. 1828 In swamps and borders of ponds. Long Island and Staten Island, and locally northward into Westchester county. Not common. 2 Ludwigia alternifolia L. Sp. PI. 118. 1753 Seedbox, rattlebox L. ramosissima Walt. FI. Car. S9. 1788 L. macrocarpa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 89. 1803 L. aurantiaca Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 358. 1808 L. salicifolia Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 3: 512. 1813 Isnardia alternifolia DC., l.c. 66 In swamps, wet meadows and borders of ponds. Common on Long Island and Staten Island, and in Albany and Schenectady counties. Elsewhere local across the State. Reported from Lewis county by Hough. Ludwigia polycarpa Short & Peter; in T. & G., FI. N. Am. 1: 525. 1838, occurs in Connecticut, and also south and west of our borders, but has not yet been reported from New York. EPILOBIUM L. Sp. PI. 347. 1753 Subgenus Chamaenerion Chamacnerion (Tourn.) Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 85. 1763 Epilobium,§. Chamaenerion Tausch ; Ser. in DC. Prod. 3: 40. 1828 i Epilobium angustifolium L., l.c. Fireweed, great or spiked willowherb E. spicatum Lam. FI. Franc. 3: 482. 1778 C. angustifolium Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, 1: 271. 1772 E. amoenum Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 354. 1808; Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 266. 1818 In dry or moist soil. Common throughout the State. Most abundant in recent clearings and on recently burned areas. Forma albiflorum (Dumort.) Haussk, Mon. Gatt. Epil. 38. 1884 E. spicatum, P albiforum Dumort. FI. Belg. 89. 1827 E. angustifolium, P canescens Wood, Classbook, 262. 1855 C. angustifolium canescens Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 233. 1894 E. angustifolium forma albiflorum Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 17: 126. 1890 Both the petals and the sepals white. Minerva, Essex county, Peck. Harrisville, Lewis county, Peck. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 5 1 7 Forma spectabile (Simmons) Fernald, Rhodora 20: 4. 1918 C. angustifolium var. spectabile Simmons, Arkiv. f. Botanik, 6: No. 17, 14. 1907 In this form the petals are white but the sepals red. Loon Lake Station, Franklin county, Peck. Subgenus Lysimachion Crossostigma Spach, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Paris 4: 328. 1835 Epilobium, §. Lysimachion Tausch; Ser., l.c. 41 2 Epilobium hirsutum L., l.c. Great hairy willowherb E. amplexicaule Lam. FI. Franc. 3: 479. 1778 E. ramosum Huds. FI. Ar.gl. ed. 1, 141. 1762 E. grandiflorum Weber; Wigg. Prim. FI. Holstat. 30. 1870 In waste places and in swamps and marshes. Common in the marshes along the Hudson and Mohawk rivers, Oneida lake, Oswego river, Monroe county and Bergen swamp, Genesee county. Becom¬ ing abundant in many sections of the State, where not observed a few years ago. Apparently of recent introduction in most sections of the State as it was not noted by Torrey in 1843. Native of Europe. 3 Epilobium palustre L. Sp. PI. 348. 1753 Marsh or swamp willowherb Var. monticola Haussk, Oest. Bot. Zeit. 29: 119. 1879 E. oliganthum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 223. 1803 E. tenellum Raf. Prec. Decouv. 41. 1814 E. lineare var. oliganthum Trelease, Rep’t Missouri Bot. Gard. 2: 88. 1891 In bogs and in wet meadows and on boggy banks and wet mossy depressions in rocks. Frequent across the State northward, south to Lake George, southern Herkimer county and Oneida county. Rare and local southward to Broome county, according to Clute. Not re¬ ported westward in the State. 4 Epilobium lineare LeConte, Am. Med. & Phil. Reg. 2 : 138. 1812. (Name only) ; Muhl. Cat. 39. 1813 Linear-leaved willowherb E. densum Raf. Desv. Jour. Bot. 2: 271. 1814 E. palustre var. lineare A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 130. 1856 E. rosmarinifoliuni Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 259. 1814. Not DC. E. squarnatum Nutt. Gen. 1: 250. 1818 In swamps, marshes and wet meadows. Frequent throughout most sections of the State. Less common southward to the north shore of Long Island. The ordinary plant, commonly referred here, possesses pink or rosy petals. In the higher and northern Adirondacks it often occurs 5i8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM with paler petals, and at Fine, St Lawrence county, Peck has col¬ lected a form with white petals which seems to agree with E. palustre var. albescens Wahl. (FI. Suec, i 234. 1824, E. palustre var. albiflorum Lehm. in Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 207. 1830, and in part of T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 : 490. 1838). 5 Epilobium strictum Muhl. Cat. 39. 1813 Downy or soft willowherb ? E. ciliatum Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 361. 1808 E. niolle Torr. FI. U. S. 1: 393. 1824. Not Lam. 1805 In bogs and swamps. Frequent across the northern part of the State, southward to Dutchess, Greene, Ulster and Delaware counties and central New York. Rare westward to Lake Erie and southward along the Pennsylvania border counties. Reported from West¬ chester and Bronx counties. 6 Epilobium coloratum Muhl.; Willd. Enum. 1 : 41 1. 1809 Purple-leaved or purple-veined willowherb E. tetragonum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 259. 1814 In low grounds. Common throughout most sections of the State, except the higher mountains. 7 Epilobium glandulosum Lehm.; Pug. 2: 14. 1830 Var. adenocaulon (Haussk.) Fernald, Rhodora 20: 35. 1918 Northern willowherb E. adenocaulon Haussk. Oest. Bot. Zeit. 29: 119. 1879 In moist ground and in marshes. Common or frequent across the northern part of the State, southward to the Catskill mountains. Less common southward and rare on Long Island. Not reported from Staten Island, but frequent westward in the State. Var. perplexans (Trelease) Fernald, l.c. E. adenocaulon var. ? perplexans Trelease, Rep’t Missouri Bot. Gard. 2: 96. 1891 E. perplexans Coult. & Nelson, Bot. Rocky Mts. 337. 1909 Chiefly in the rocky mountain region but reported eastward in the region of the Great Lakes and in northern New York. 8 Epilobium Hornemanni Reichenb. Icon. Crit. 2: 73. 1824 Alpine willowherb E. nutans Hornem. FI. Dan. 8: pi. 1387. 1810. Not F. S. Schmidt E. alpinum var. majus A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 177. 1867 E. alpinum, of N. Y. reports, not L. Moist places near the summit of Mount Marcy, Peck. ■ ■ ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 5 IQ E. anagallidifolium Lam. has been reported from northern New York, but not confirmed, and is probably based upon specimens of E. H ornemanni, wrongly determined. A. H. Moore (Rhodora u : 147. 1909), assigns E. alpinum L., as the correct name of our plant, with pink or purplish flowers, but Fernald (Rhodora 20: 36-38. 1918) does not agree with this. OENOTHERA L. Sp. PI. 346. 1753 Onagra (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 1 Oenothera cruciata Nutt. ; G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2 : 686. 1832 Small-flowered evening primrose 0. biennis var. cruciata T. & G. FI. N. Am. x: 492. 1840 Onagra cruciata Small, Torr. Club Bui. 23: 169. 1896 In sandy soil. Occasional across the northern part of the State. 2 Oenothera biennis L. Sp. PI. 346. 1753 , Common evening primrose Usually in dry soil in fields, open woods and waste ground. Com¬ mon. This species is subject to extensive mutation and has been the object of considerable study and cultural experiment, in order to de¬ termine the extent and character of the mutants. H. H. Bartlett (The Delimitation of Oenothera biennis), in Rhodora 15: 48-53. 1913, selects as typical of this species, the common plant of Holland. The New York segregates of this comprehensive species are being investigated by Doctor Bartlett and will be reported upon elsewhere. Names already proposed for New York forms are: O. angustissima Gates, Rhodora 15: 46. 1913 O. nutans Atkinson & Bartlett, l.c. 83 O. pycnocarpa Atkinson & Bartlett, l.c. 3 Oenothera muricata L. Syst. ed 12, 263. 1767 Northern evening primrose In sandy and gravelly soil. Locally common from the shores of Lake Champlain westward to the St Lawrence, and southward to Schenectady and Albany counties and Long Island, westward to Oneida and Ontario counties and doubtless of wider distribution. 4 Oenothera canovirens Steele, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 367. 1911 O. strigosa Rydb. in Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. ed. 2, 2: 596. 1913 In dry or sandy soil. Van Cortlandt Park, New York City and at Lynbrook, Long Island, Bicknell (Torr. Club Bui. 41 : 78. 1914). 520 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 5 Oenothera Oakesiana (Gray) Robbins; S. Wats. Bibliog. Ind. i : 383. 1878 Oakes’s evening primrose Oenothera biennis var. Oakesiana Gray Man. ed. 5, 178. 1867 Onagra Oakesiana Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 233. 1894 In sandy soil. Warren county southward to Long Island and west¬ ward to Ontario county. Rare. Luzerne, Warren county, Peck (46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 21. 1893). Canandaigua, Ontario county, Gardner (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 90. 1917). Cold Spring Harbor, Floral Park, and frequent on the Hempstead Plains; Fort Schuyler, Long Island Sound and on Staten Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 466. 1915). Orient, Long Island, Burnham & Latham (Torreya 14: 247. 1914). RAIMANNIA Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 8 : 330. 1905 1 Raimannia laciniata (Hill) Rose, l.c. Cut-leaved evening primrose Oenothera laciniata Hill, Veg. Syst. 12: 64. 176 7 O. sinuata L. Mant. 2: 228. 1771 O. minima Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 26 2. pi. 15. 1814 Common in railroad yards, east of Rochester, Booth (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 17. 1910). Selkirk, Albany county, House. Adventive from the West. 2 Raimannia rhombipetala (Nutt.) Rose, l.c. Rhombic evening primrose Oenothera rhombipetala Nutt.: T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 493. 1840 In sandy fields west of Albany, House ; Wilton, Saratoga county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. Probably adventive from the West. KNEIFFIA Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 373. 1835* 1 Kneiffia Allenii (Britton) Small, Torr. Club Bui. 23: 177. 1896 Allen’s sundrops Oenothera fruticosa var. humifnsa Allen, Torr. Club Bui. 1: 3. 1870. Not O. humifusa Nutt. 1818 0. linearis var. Allcni Britton, Tor. Club Mem. 5: 235. 1894 In sand, eastern Long Island. Rare. * Key to the New York species of Kneiffia Mature capsules clavate-linear, not stipitate ; hypantheum 20-25 mm long ; sepals with spreading-hirsute caudate tips, 2-4 mm long ; petals 20-25 mm long. Stems, leaves and capsules hirsute . pratensis Mature capsules with body clavate to oblong and more or less stipitate. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 52 1 2 Kneiffia fruticosa (L.) Raimann; Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzen- Fam. 3: 214. 1893 Long-stemmed sundrops Oenothera fruticosa L. Sp. PI. 346. 1753 Oenothera linearis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 225. 1803 Kneiffia linearis Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 375. 1835 Kneiffia Michauxii Spach, Am. Sc. Nat. Bot. II. 4: 167. 1835 In moist soil, chiefly south of the moraine on Long Island, and in Van Cortlandt Park, New York City. Locally frequent on Staten Island. Commonly known in recent years under the name of Kneiffia longipedicellata, which is identified by Dr S. F. Blake (Rhodora 20: 51. 1918) as identical with the Linnaean type of Oe. fruticosa. 3 Kneiffia pratensis Small, FI. S.E. U.S. 842, 1885. 1903 Prairie sundrops Kneiffia Sumstinei Jennings, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 3: 480. pi. ig. 1906. Oenothera pratensis Robinson, Rhodora 10: 34. 1908 In rather dry soil. Frequent from Ohio to Wisconsin, Iowa and Arkansas. Adventive in southern and southeastern New York Doctor Pennell (Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 46: 370. 1919) places Rafinesque’s Oenothera pilosella, as a synonym of Kneiffia tetragona, but a careful consideration of Rafinesque’s species would seem to indicate that he was describing the prairie species here designated asK. pratensis. 4 Kneiffia velutina Pennell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 46: 370. 1919 Dry sandy soil. Apparently restricted in distribution to the Hemp¬ stead plains of western Long Island. This has also been referred to Kneiffia riparia (Nutt.) Small. Petals of earlier flowers 12-15 mrn long; inflorescence when in fruit much less than one-half height of plant. Mature capsule body decidedly clavate, pubescent with normally incurved glandless hairs, (in velutina) with some interspersed gland-tipped hairs. Stipe and capsule body both pubescent with glandless hairs, the stipe frequently equalling or somewhat exceeding the capsule-body. Plant erect . fruticosa Plant diffusely spreading . Allenii Stipe pubescent with gland-bearing hairs ; frequently also such are in¬ terspersed with the incurved glandless hairs of the capsule-body ; stipe always shorter than capsule-body; leaves lanceolate, softly densely pubescent, 2-4 cm long; capsule-body clavate-oblong . velutina Mature capsule-body oblong or nearly so ; pubescence with short straight gland-tipped hairs or becoming glabrate; stem leaves lanceolate, scarcely paler beneath ; stem sparsely pubescent to rarely glabrous ; petals of earlier flowers 18-25 mm long ; stipe shorter than capsule-body tetragona Petals of earlier flowers 5-10 mm long; inflorescence in fruit usually more than one-half the height of the plant; capsule sparsely pubescent with gland-tipped hairs, the young inflorescence nodding . perennis 522 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 5 Kneiffia tetragona (Roth) Pennell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 46: 370. 1919 Common sundrops ? Oenothera mollissima Walt. FI. Car. 129. 1788 Oenothera tetragona Roth, Catalecta 2: 39. 1800 Oenothera canadensis Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 6: 325. 1822 Oenothera hybrida Michx. FI. Bor. Am. x : 225. 1803 Oenothera fruticosa ambigua Nutt. Gen. 1: 247. 1818 Kneiffia suffrnticosa Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 374. 1835 Kneiffia floribunda Spach, l.c. 376 Kneiffia fruticosa and Oenothera fruticosa of recent floras In dry soil. Frequent across the State south of the Adirondacks. Locally northward in the Lake George and Lake Champlain regions. Rare in the western counties of the State. Becoming very common southward, especially on Long Island and Staten Island. I am not able to identify this with Walter’s O. mollissima, but believe that Walter’s name applies to the form of this species very, common in the uplands of the Carolinas. 6 Kneiffia perennis (L.) Pennell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 46: 372. 1919 Small sundrops Oenothera perennis L. Syst. ed. 10, 998. 1759 Oenothera pumila L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 493. 1762 Oenothera chrysantha Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 225. 1803 Oenothera pusilla Michx. l.c. Kneiffia Michauxii Spach, Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. II. 4: 167. 1835 Kneiffia pumila Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 377. 1835, Oenothera pumila chrysantha Gordinier & Howe, Flora Rensselaer County, 14. 1894 In dry or moist soil. Common across the State northward. Less frequent or rare in the western counties and southward to Long Island. ANOGRA Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. (II) 4: 164. 1835 Anogra pinnatifida (Nutt). Spach, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Paris 4: 341. 1835 Prairie evening primrose Oenothera albicaulis Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 733. 1814. Not Nutt. 1813 O. pinnatifida Nutt. Gen. 1: 245. 1818 O. Purshii G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 688. 1832 Anogra albicaulis Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 234. 1894 A western species adventive at Cobb’s hill, Rochester. GAURA L. Sp. PI. 347. 1753 1 Gaura coccinea Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 733. 1814 Scarlet gaura In waste places near Rochester, Baxter. Adventive from the west and apparently well established. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 523 2 Gaura biennis L. Sp. PL 347. 1753 Biennial gaura In dry soil. Lake Champlain south to Long Island and westward across the State. Perhaps indigenous in western New York, but nowhere very common and in the eastern part of the State appearing as though adventive from the West. 3 Gaura sinuata Nutt.; Ser. in DC. Prodr. 3: 44. 1828 Wavy-leaved gaura Native of the western states. Adventive near New York City. Family 90 CIRCAEACEAE Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 184. 1914 Enchanter s nightshade family CIRCAEA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 9. 1753 1 Circaea latifolia Hill, Brit. Herb. 138. 1756 Enchanter’s nightshade C. lutetiana, P, canadensis L.} l.c. C. canadensis Forster, Cat. PI. N. Am. 17. 1771 ; Muhl. Cat. 2. 1813 C. lutetiana, of N. Y. reports, Not L. In woods and thickets, often in openings. Common throughout most sections of the State, but rare or absent on the southern side of Long Island. According to Fernald (Rhodora 17: 222—224.1, 1915) identical with C. quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Franchet & Savatier, 1875, native of eastern Asia. 2 Circaea canadensis Hill, Veg. Syst. 10: pi. 21. f. 2. 1765 C. intermedia Ehrh. Beitr. 4: 42. 1789 A little known species, said to differ from the next by having larger petals, calyx-lobes, anthers and fruit, and the slender root- stock scarcely tuberous thickened ; fruit unequally two-celled. Its known range indicates that it may occur in shaded mossy woods in the northern part of the State. 3 Circaea alpina L. Sp. PI. 9. 1753 Smaller enchanter’s nightshade C. lutetiana var. alpina Eaton. Man. ed. 2, 206. 1818 In cold moist woods and mossy swamps. Common northward across the State. Less frequent southward, and not reported from south of Westchester county. 524 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Family 91 TRAPACEAE Dumort. FI. Belg. 90. 1827 YVaternut family TRAPA L. Sp. PI. 120. 1753 Trapa natans L., l.c. Swimming waternut, water caltrop Naturalized in Sander’s lake, near Schenectady. Wibbe (Torr. Club Bui. 13: 39. 1886. Peck, 43d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 16. 1890). Native of Europe. Family 92 GUNNERACEAE Endl. Gen. 285. 1837 HALORAGIDACEAE Kl. & Garcke, Bot. Erg. Wald. 15 1 1852 Water milfoil family HIPPURIS L. Sp. PL 4. 1753 Hippuris vulgaris L., l.c. Bottle brush, mare’s-tail, jointweed Limnopcuce vulgaris Vaill. ; Greene, Man. Bot. San Franc. Bay 138. 1894 In swamps and bogs. Infrequent or rare across the northern part of the State, southward to Putnam county and westward to Cayuga lake. Averyville swamp, Essex county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 96. 1899). Stockholm, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Schenectady, Beck; ditches near Cold Spring, Putnam county, Professor Bailey (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 244. 1843). Little York, Cortland county, Dudley, 1886. Sander’s lake, Schenectady, Pear¬ son; Schuyler lake, Otsego county; Alexandria Bay, G. W. Clinton; Cayuga lake, /. Smith (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 82. 1865). Formerly at Union Springs, Cayuga county (Dudley). PROSERPINACA L. Sp. PI. 88. 1753 1 Proserpinaca palustris L., l.c. Mermaid weed In swamps and marshes. Infrequent from Rensselaer county west¬ ward to Wayne and Ontario county and southward. Not reported from the Adirondack region, nor from west of Ontario county. P. intermedia Mackenzie, Torreya 10: 250. 1910, doubtless a fertile hybrid between P. palutris and P. pectinata, may be looked for on Long Island. 2 Proserpinaca pectinata Lam. Tabl. Encycl. pi 50. f.1.1: 214. 1791 Cut-leaved mermaid weed P. pectinacecb T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 : 528. 1840 In sandy swamps near the coast. Rare. Lake Ronkonkoma and Manorville, Long Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 469. 191^). Manorville, Peck. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 525 MYRIOPHYLLUM (Vaill.) L. Sp. PI. 992. 1753 1 Myriophyllum spicatum L. Sp. PI. 992. 1753 Spiked water milfoil In rather deep water. Frequent northward across the State. Rare southward to Dutchess, Chenango and Chemung counties and west¬ ward to Lake Erie. The American form of this species is regarded by Fernald (Rhodora 21: 120. 1919) as distinct from the European plant and is described anew as M. exalbescens Fernald. 2 Myriophyllum verticillatum L. Sp. PI. 992. 1753 Whorled water milfoil In deep or shallow water. Occasional or locally frequent across the State northward, south to Dutchess and Schenectady counties and westward to Monroe county. Dutchess county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 470. 1915). Sander’s lake, Schenectady, Pearson; Oneida county, Kneiskern (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 81. 1865). Schenectady, Beck. Sacandaga river, Fulton county, A. Olsson. Utica, Haberer. Rare in Irondequoit bay, Booth, Fish; Wayne county, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 65. 1896). Var. pectinatum Wallr., is recorded from western New York 3 Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC. FI. Franc. Suppl. 529. 1815 Loose-flowered water milfoil Very rare across the northern part of the State. Stockholm, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps, and reported from Lake Champlain. 4 Myriophyllum tenellum Biegel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 346. 1824 Slender water milfoil M. nudum LaPylaie, & Hylas aphyllus Bigel. ; T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 : 530. 1840, as syn. Sandy bottoms of ponds and streams. Infrequent across the State northward, and on Long Island. Mud pond near Edmond’s ponds, Essex county, and not uncommon in the Adirondacks, Peck (34th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 54. 1881). North Elba, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 96. 1899). Cascade lakes, Killip. Beaver lake, Tract No. 4, Lewis county, B. D. Gilbert (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 362. 1879). Diana, Lewis county, Hough. Outlet of Lake Pleasant, Hamilton county, House. Sacandaga river, Fulton county, A. Olsson. North Salem, Westchester county, Mead. Wading River, E. S. Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 2: 40. 1871). Luce’s pond, Northville, Long Island, H. W. Young (Torr. Club Bui. 4: 41. 1873). Lake Harris, Newcomb, Essex county, House. 526 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 5 Myriophyllum humile (Raf.) Morong, Torr. Club Bui. 18: 242. 1891 Low water milfoil Burshia humilis Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 357. 1808 M. ambiguum Nutt. Gen. 2: 212. 1818 M. procutnbens Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 346. 1824 In ponds and on their muddy borders, chiefly in the pine-barren section of Long Island. Grades into forma natans (DC.) Fernald, Rhodora 10: 52. 1908 (M. ambiguum var. natans DC. Prodr. 3: 70. 1828), — and into forma capillaceum (Torr.) Fernald, l.c. (M. capillaceum Torr.: M. ambiguum var. capillaceum T. & G.). Smithtown, Suffolk county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 67: 33. 1903). Fisher’s Island, Zabriskie (46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 43. 1893). Wading River, E. S. Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 2: 40. 1871). East Marion, Suffolk county, Barham & Latham (Torreya 14: 247. 1914). Montauk Point, House. 6 Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 191. 1803 Various-leaved water milfoil In ponds and lakes. Oneida county westward. Rare. Long lake, Oneida county, Haberer. Irondequoit bay, Monroe county, Booth (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 81. 1865). Sodus Bay, Wayne county, Fish; Kendall, Orleans county, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 65. 1896). Niagara Falls, A. Gray (State herb.). Lake View, Jefferson county, House. 7 Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walt.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 16. 1888 Pinnate water milfoil Potamogeton pinnatum Walt. FI. Car. 90. 1788 M. scabratum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 190. 1803 In ponds on eastern Long Island. Rare. Rosedale, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 470. 1915). Greenport, Burnham & Latham (Torreya 14: 247. 1914). 8 Myriophyllum Farwellii Morong, Torr. Club Bui. 18: 146. 1891 Farwell’s water milfoil In still water. Rare across the northern part of the State. Sacandaga river, Fulton county, A. Olsson. Family 93 HEDERACEAE Linn. Ord. Nat. 1764 ( ARALIACEAE Vent. Tabl. 3: 2. 1799) Ginseng family ARALIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 273. 1753 1 Aralia spinosa L., l.c. Hercules’ club, spikenard tree In low grounds, chiefly along streams. Rare from southern New York southward. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 527 Churchill’s lake, Clute; Apalachin, Fenno; mouth of Cayuta creek, Millspaugh (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 48. 1898). Judd’s Falls, Tompkins county, Dudley (Cayuga Flora 41. 1886). Silver Creek and Panama, Chautauqua county, Burgess (Day, PI. Buffalo 37. 1883). In some of these localities stated to be an escape from cultivation. Reported as established northward to southern Onon¬ daga county. 2 Aralia racemosa L. Sp. PI. 273. 1753 American spikenard, Indian root In rich woods. Common throughout the State northward. Less frequent southward and rare on Long Island and Staten Island. 3 Aralia nudicaulis L. Sp. PI. 274. 1753 Wild or Virginian sarsaparilla In woods, thickets and openings. Common in most sections of the State. Less frequent southward and rare on Long Island. Forma prolifera (Apgar) Britton, with flowers in compound umbels. White Plains Miss P. A. McCabe (Torr. Club Bui. 17: 124. 1890). Var. elongata Nash (Torr. Club Bui. 20: 374. 1893), with some¬ what longer, narrower leaflets which are paler beneath. Cairo Round Top, Greene county. 4 Aralia hispida Vent. Hort. Cels. pi. 41. 1800 Bristly sarsaparilla A. Muhlenbergiana R. & S. Syst. 6: 704. 1820 In sandy or rocky soil in woods, clearings, thickets and old fields. Common across the State northward and westward to Lake Erie, outside of the calcareous districts. Less frequent southward and infrequent or rare on Long Island. Not reported from Westchester county. : j' PANAX L. Sp. PI. 1058. 1753 Ginseng Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 102. 1763 1 Panax quinquefolia L., l.c. Ginseng P. americanum Raf. New FI. 4: 58. 1838 Aralia quinquefolia Decn. & Planch. Rev. Hortic. 104. 1854 G. quinquefolia Wood, Bot. & Flor. 142. 1873 In rich or moist woodlands. .Frequent or local, at least formerly so, northward in the State. Less common or rare southward to Rockland county and westward to Lake Erie. 2 Panax trifolium L., l.c. 1059 P. lanceolatum Raf., l.c. 57 Aralia trifolia Decn. & Planch., l.c. G. trifolium Wood, l.c. Dwarf ginseng or groundnut 528 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In moist woods and thickets. Frequent or common throughout the State except the pine-barrens of Long Island where it is rare or absent. Hedera Helix L. Sp. PI. 202. 1753. The English or European ivy, belongs to this family. It is common in cultivation, and long persistent in neglected places, and rarely seems to spread along old walls etc., especially in southern New York. Family 94 AMMIACEAE Presl. Delic. Prag. 1. 1822 (Umbelliferae) Carrot family, parsley family SANICULA L. Sp. PI. 235. 1753 1 Sanicula marylandica L., l.c. Black snakeroot or sanicle Triclinum marilandicum Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 267. 1818 In rich woods and thickets. Frequent or common throughout the State, but rare in the higher Adirondack's and absent from the pine- barrens of Long Island. 2 Sanicula gregaria Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 22: 354. 1895 Clustered snakeroot In moist woods and thickets. Locally frequent across the State south of the Adirondacks, and on Staten Island and on Long Island, north of the moraine. 3 Sanicula canadensis L., l.c. Short-styled snakeroot S. marylandica var. canadensis Torr. FI. U. S. 302. 1824 In dry woodlands. Frequent or common across the State north¬ ward, and in the Adirondacks up to 2000 feet altitude. Not reported from the pine-barrens of Long Island. 4 Sanicula trifoliata Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 22: 359. 1895 Large-fruited snakeroot In hilly woods and thickets. Infrequent or rare. Near Yonkers and Onteora, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 476. 1915) • Utica, Haberer. Meridian, Cayuga county, House. Infrequent in Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 68. 1896). DAUCUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 242. 1753 Daucus carota L., l.c. Wild carrot D. vulgaris Bub. FI. Pyren. 2: 402. 1900 In fields and waste places. Very common and an obnoxious weed in most cultivated areas. Naturalized from Europe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 529 TORILIS Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 99, 612. 1763 Myrrhodes [Moehr.] Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 268. 1891 Torilis Anthriscus (L.) Gmel. FI. Bad. 1: 615. 1806 Erect hedge parsley Tordylium Anthriscus L. Sp. PI. 240. 1753 Caucalis Anthriscus Huds. FI. Angl. ed. 2, 114. 1778 M. Anthriscus Kuntze, l.c. In waste places. Adventive from Europe. Buffalo, G. W. Clinton (26th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 48. 1874), New Drop, Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 22: 460. 1895). WASHINGTONIA Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 176 Jan. 1818 Osmorhiza Raf., l.c. Uraspermum Nutt. Gen. 1: 192. 1818 . I Washingtonia Claytoni (Michx.) Britton, in Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. 2: 530. 1897 Woolly or hairy sweet cicely Myrrhis Claytoni Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 170. 1803 Scandix dulcis Muhl. Cat. 41. 1813 U. hirsutum Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 112. 1824 O. dulcis Raf. Med. Bot. 2: 249. 1825 O. villosa Raf., l.c. O. brevistylis DC. Prodr. 4: 232. 1830 O. Claytoni Clarke, in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. 2: 690. 1879 U. Claytoni Nutt. Gen. 1: 193. 1818, as to syn. Michx., and excl. descr. In woods and thickets. Frequent or common throughout the State outside of the higher Adirondacks, southward to the north shores of Long Island. 2 Washingtonia longistylis (Torr.) Britton, l.c. Smoother sweet cicely, aniseroot U. Claytoni Nutt., l.c. as to descr., excel, syn. Michx. Myrrhis longistylis Torr. FI. U. S. 310. 1824 0. cordata Raf. Med. FI. 2: 249. 1825 0. longistylis DC., l.c. Myrrhis aristata MacM. Met. Minn. 398. 1893. (Doubtfully Chaerophyllum aristatum Thunb. FI. Jap. 1784) In woods. Frequent or common northward across the State and westward to Lake Erie. Usually less frequent southward, and rare on Long Island. The typical form has glabrous stems. Var. bracycoma (Blake) comb. nov. (O. longistylis var. Blake, Rhodora 25: no. 1923), with stems and petioles densely pubescent with hairs 0.3 — 0.8 mm long, is reported from North Flarpersfield, T opping. Var. villicaulis (Fernald) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 56. 1923 (0. longistylis var. villicaulis Fernald, Rhodora 10: 52. 530 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 1908), with stems and petioles densely villous with spreading hairs 1 to 2 mm long, has been collected at Cold Spring, Long Island, Percy Wilson. CHAEROPHYLLUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 258. 1753 1 Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz, Class. Umb. 77. 1767 Spreading chervil Scandix procumbens L. Sp. PI. 257. 1753 In moist ground. Infrequent or rare from Wayne, Tompkins and Chemung counties westward and southward. 2 Chaerophyllum sylvestre L. Sp. PI. 258. 1753 Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm. Gen. Umb. 40, 46, pi. 1. f. 19. 1814 Native of Europe, and rare as a waif or adventive plant in ballast on Staten Island. DERINGA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 498. 1763 Cryptotaenia DC. Mem. Omb. 42. 1829 Cyrtospermum Raf. ; DC. Prodr. 4: 1 18. 1830 Deringa canadensis (L.) Ivuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 266. 1891 , Honewort Sison canadense L. Sp. PI. 252. 1753 Cryptotacnia canadensis DC., l.c. Myrrhis canadensis Nutt. Gen. 1: 192. 1818 Cyrtospermujn trifoliatum Raf., DC., l.c. 119 In woods and thickets. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State except the higher Adirondacks and rare on Long Island. ANETHUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 263. 1763 Anethum graveolens L., l.c. Dill In waste places in southern and eastern New York. A rare adventive from Europe. PASTINACA L. Sp. PI. 262. 1753 Pastinaca sativa L., l.c. Wild parsnip In waste places, roadsides and fields. Common. Naturalized from Europe. HIPPOSELINUM (Dalerech.) Britton & Rose, in Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. ed. 2, 2: 634. 1913 Hipposelinum Levisticum (L. ) Britton & Rose. l.c. Lovage Ligusticum Levisticum L. Sp. PI. 250. 1753 Levisticum officinale Koch, Nov. Act. Nat. Cut. 121: 101. 1824 Levisticum Levisticum Karst. Deutsch. FI. 844. 1882 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 531 Roadsides and waste ground. A rather infrequent escape from cultivation, or rarely established. Native of Europe. HERACLEUM L. Sp. PI. 249. 1753 Heracleum lanatum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 166. 1803 Cow parsnip In moist ground, usually in the open, rarely in thickets or open woods. Frequent across the State northward and westward to Fake Erie. Rare on Fong Island and Staten Island. Not reported from the Catskills, according to Taylor. CONIOSELINUM Hoffm. Umb. ed. 2, 185. 1816 Conioselinum chinense (F.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 22. 1888 Hemlock parsley Athamanta chinensis L. Sp. PI. 245. 1753 Selinum canadense Michx, FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 165.. 1803 C. canadense T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 619. 1840 In woods and cold swamps. Frequent or common across the northern part of the State. Less frequent or rare westward to Wyoming and Genesee counties and southward to Tompkins and Westchester counties. ANGELICA L. Sp. PI. 250. 1753 Archangelica Hoffm. Gen. Umb. 166. 1814 1 Angelica atropurpurea L., l.c. 251 Great high or purple-stemmed angelica A. triquinata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 167. 1803 Archangelica atropurpurea Hoffm., l.c. Imperatoria lucida Nutt. Gen. 1: 181. 1818 In swamps and moist ground. Common across the State north¬ ward. Less common southward and rare on northern Long Island. 2 Angelica villosa (Walt.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 22. 1888 Pubescent or hairy angelica Ferula villosa Walt. FI. Car. 115. 1788 Angelica hirsuta Muhl. Cat. ed. 2, 30. 1818 Archangelica hirsuta T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 622. 1840 In dry rocky or sandy woods. Infrequent or local in Rensselaer county. Increasingly frequent westward across the State and south¬ ward to Long Island. OXYPOLIS Raf. Neogen. 2. 1825 Tiedemannia DC. Mem. Otnb. 5.1. 1829 Archemora DC., l.c. 52 532 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf . ; Ser. Bui. Bot. 218. 1830 — Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7 : 194. 1900. Cowbane, hemlock or water dropwort Sium rigidius L. Sp. PI. 251. 1753 A. rigida DC., l.c. Oenanthe rigida Nutt. Gen. x: 189. 1818 In swamps. Rare in southern New York. Tioga county Mills- paugh (Torr. Club Bui. 14: 184. 1887). Var. longifolius (Pursh) Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 339. 1894 Sium longifolium Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 194. 18x4 Oenanthe ambigua Nutt., l.c. Oxypolis rigidior var. ambigua Robinson, Rhodora 10: 35. 1908 Garretson’s, Staten Island, Britton & Hollick (Torr. Club Bui. 16: 132. 1889). BUPLEURUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 236. 1753 Bupleurum rotundifolium L., l.c. Hare’s ear, thoroughwax, modesty In cultivated fields. Rare as a weed about cities and towns, especially in southeastern New York. Wayne county, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 67. 1896). Adventive from Europe. THASPIUM Nutt. Gen. 1 : 196. 1818 1 Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 240. 1894 Purple meadow parsnip Thapsia trifoliata L. Sp. PI. 26 2. 1753 Smyrnium atropurpureum Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 3: 66 7. 1789 Thaspium aureum Nutt., l.c. Thaspium atropurpureum Nutt., l.c. T, trifoliatum aureum Britton, l.c. 240 In woods near Ithaca, C. S. Sheldon (state herbarium). Doubt¬ less elsewhere in the region from Tompkins county westward and southward. 2 Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt., l.c. Hairy-jointed meadow parsnip Smyrnium bardinode Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 167. 1803 Along streams, from southern Hamilton county westward and southward. Wells, Hamilton county, Peck. Oneida. Madison county, House. Rare in Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 67. 1896). Waverly and Chemung valley, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 46. 1898). Corning, Rathbone and Carrollton, Peck. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 533 TAENIDIA Drude, in E. & P. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3®: 195. 1908 Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude, l.c. Yellow pimpernel Smyrnium integcrrimum L. Sp. PI. 263. 1753 Zizia integerrima DC. Rap. PI. Jard. Geneve 3: 7. 1830 Pirnpinella integerrima A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 345. 1868 In rocky or sandy soil Rensselaer and Saratoga counties west¬ ward to Jefferson county and Lake Erie, southward. Common on the sandy plains between Albany and Schenectady, in Oneida and Monroe counties. On Long Island found only on the Hempstead plains and at Flushing. Not reported from Staten Island. Not found in the Susquehanna region except westward (Tioga county) according to Clute. Paine reports it northward to the rocky banks of the Black river below Watertown, where it still grows, {House. 1922). ZIZIA Koch, Nov. Act. Caes. Leop. Acad. 12: 129. 1825 1 Zizia aurea (L.) Koch, l.c. Early or golden meadow parsnip, golden alexanders Smyrnium auruem L. Sp. PI. 262. 1753 Sison aureus Spreng. ; Schultes, Syst. 6: 410 In fields, meadows and swamps, often along streams. Common or frequent across the State northward. Less common southward. Rare on Long Island except in and near the Hempstead plains ; not reported from the Susquehanna region by Clute. 2 Zizia cordata (Walt.) DC. Prodr. 4: 100. 1830 Heart-leaved golden alexanders Smyrnium cordatum Walt. FI. Car. 114. 1788 S. trifoliatum Nutt. Gen. 1: 195. 1818 (excl. syn. L.) In rather dry woods. Frequent on Long Island and Staten Island northward to Columbia and Ulster counties and the foothills of the Catskills ; Albany county westward to Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. A variety with wingless fruit (var. aptera A. Gray) is reported from Oriskany, Kneiskern (Paine). APIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 264. 1753 Petroselinum Hofifm. Gen. Umb. 78, 1 77. 1814 Apium Petroselinum L., l.c. Common or garden parsley P. hortense, & P. sativum Hoffm., l.c. 163. 177 P. Petroselinum Karst. Deutsch. FI. 831. 1882 Occasional as an escape from gardens. Common in cultivation. Native of Europe. 534 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM FOENICULUM Mill. Gard. Diet. Abr. ed. 4, 1754 „ * Foeniculum Foeniculum (L.) Karst. Deutsch. FI. 837. 1882 Fennel Anethum Foeniculum L. Sp. PI. 263. 1753 F. vulgare Hill, Brit. Herb. 413. 1756 In waste places, chiefly in the southern part of the State. A rather rare escape from gardens. Native of Europe. AETHUSA L. Sp. PI. 256. 1753 Aethusa cynapium L., l.c. Fool’s parsley or cicely In waste places, infrequent in several sections of the State. Adven- tive from Europe. COELOPLEURON Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2 : 361. 1844 Coelopleuron lucidum (L.) Fernald, Rhodora 21: 146. 1919 Sea-coast angelica Angelica lucida L. Sp. PI. 251. 1753 Ligusticum actaeif olium Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 166. 1803 Angelica archangclica Schrank, Pfl. Labrador. 13. 1818. Not L. Archangelica peregrina Nutt.; T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 166. 1840 C. actaeif olium Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 142. 1900 A plant of the northeastern coast of America from southern New England to Labrador. Recorded from the west end of Fisher’s island, N. Y. by A. IV. Evans (Torreya 17: 103. 1917). East Marlon Long Island. Roy Latham, December 15, 1920 (U. S. Nat. Herb.). CORIANDRUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 256. 1753 Coriandrum sativum L., l.c. Coriander In waste ground. An uncommon escape or adventive. Native of Europe. LIGUSTICUM L. Sp. PI. 250. 1753 Levisticum Hill, Brit. Herb. 410. 1756 Ligusticum scoticum L., l.c. Scotch or sea lovage, sea parsley Along salt marshes. Rare on the eastern end of Long Island and on Fisher’s island. Orient Point, Latham (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 139: 25. 1910). Fisher’s and Plum Islands, Charles B. Graves (Torr. Club Bui. 23: 59. 1896). LILAEOPSIS Greene, Pittonia 2: 192. Sept. 15, 1891 Crantzia Nutt. Gen. 1: 177. 1818. Not Scop. 1777 Hallomuellera Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 267. Sept. 1891 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 535 Lilaeopsis lineata (Michx.) Greene, l.c. Lilaeopsis Hydrocotyle chinensis L. Sp. PI. 339. 1753 (?) H. lineata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 162. 1803 C. lineata Nutt., l.c. 178 Hallomuellera lineata Kuntze, l.c. In salt or brackish marshes and muddy river shores. Rare in the southeastern part of the State. West Point, Professor Bailey ; Peekskill, Mead (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 263. 1843). Peekskill, Mead (Torr. Club Bui. 3: 40. 1872). Wading River, Long Island, E. S. Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 12: 87. 1885). HYDROCOTYLE L. Sp. PI. 234. 1753 1 Hydrocotyle umbellata L., l.c. Many-flowered marsh pennywort In swamps and low grounds, especially along streams. Infrequent or rare across the State south of the Adirondacks. 2 Hydrocotyle americana L., l.c. American marsh pennywort In wet places. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State. Less common southward and absent from the pine-bar¬ rens of Long Island. Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. Diss. 2: 215. pi. 3. 1798 ( H . interrupta Muhl. Cat. 30. 1813), occurs from Massachusetts to Florida, but has not been definitely reported from this State. ERIGENIA Nutt. Gen. 1 : 187. 1818 Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt., l.c. 188 Harbinger of spring Sison bulbosum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 169. 1803 In moist fields and meadows. Rare from Tioga county westward to Erie county and southward. Island in the Susquehanna river, Tioga county, Millspaugh. Near Buffalo, Kinnicutt (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 284. 1843). Buffalo and Smoke’s creek, West Seneca, Erie county, Day (PI. Buffalo 3 7. 1883). CONIUM L. Sp. PI. 243. 1753 Conium maculatum L., l.c. Poison hemlock, snakeweed In waste places in moist, wet or rarely dry soil. Frequent or com¬ mon. Naturalized from Europe. AEGOPODIUM L. Sp. PI. 265. 1753 Aegopodium Podagraria L., l.c. Goutweed, herb gerard In waste places, southeastern part of the State. A rare or in¬ frequent adventive from Europe. 536 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PIMPINELLA L. Sp. PI. 263. 1753 Pimpinella Saxifraga L., l.c. Bennet, pimpernel, Burnet saxifrage In waste places in the -eastern and southern sections of the State. An infrequent or rare adventive from Europe or an escape from cultivation. SIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 251. 1753 Sium suave Walt. FI. Car. 115. 1788 Hemlock water parsnip .S', cicutaefolium Schrank, Bair. FI. 1 : 558. 1789 S. lincare Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 167. 1803 S. latifolium, Am. Auth., not L. In swamps and borders of ponds, streams and lakes. Common in most sections of the Stat-e, but absent from the pine-barrens of Long Island. Forma Carsoni (Durand) Fassett. Rhodora 23: 113. 1921 S. Carsoni Durand, in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 196. 1867 S', cicutaefolium var. Carsoni Eames, Rhodora 18: 239. 1916 A weak, usually aquatic form with fewer, broader leaf segments. Local in southern New York. PTILIMNIUM Raf. Neog. 2. 1825 Discopleura DC. Mem. Umb. 38. 1829 Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf.; Ser. Bui. Bot. 217. 1830 Mock bishopweed Ammi majus Walt. FI. Car. 113. 1788. Not L. Amtni capillaceum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 164. 1803 D. capillacea DC., l.c., pi. 8 In wet soil, especially brackish meadows along the coast. Frequent or common on Long Island and Staten Island. CICUTA L. Sp. PI. 255. 1753 1 Cicuta maculata L., l.c. 256 Water or spotted hemlock, musquash root In swamps and low or wet soil. Common throughout most sec¬ tions of the State, but absent from the pine-barrens of Long Island. 2 Cicuta bulbifera L., l.c. 255 Bulb-bearing water hemlock In swamps and wet places. Frequent or common throughout the State except the higher Adirondacks and rare on Long Island and Staten Island. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 537 CARUM L. Sp. PI. 263. 1753 Carum Carui L., l.c. Caraway A common weed in most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. CELERI Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 498. 1753 Celeri graveolens (L.) Britton, in Britt. & Brown. Ulus. FI. ed. 2, 2:660. 1915 Celery, smallage Apium graveolens L. Sp. PI. 264. 1753 Common in cultivation and occasionally spontaneous in certain localities, but rarely established or long persistent. Native of Europe. Family 95 NYSSACEAE Dumort. Anal. Fam. 13. 1829 ( Cornaceae Link, Handb. 2 : 2. 1831 ) Dogwood family CORNUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 117. 1753 Sect. Microcarpium Spach ( Thelycrania Enid.) S v i d a Opiz, Seznam g4. 1852 1 Cornus rugosa Lam. Encycl. 2: 115. 1786 Round-leaved cornel or dogwood C. circinata L’Her. Cornus 7. pi. 3. 1788 C. tomentulosa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 91. 1803 In shaded, often rocky situations or sometimes in moist wood¬ lands. Frequent or common across the State northward, and in the Adirondacks to 2000 feet altitude, westward to Lake Erie. Rare south of the Hudson highlands and not reported from Long Island or Staten Island. Cornus Slavinii Rehder, Rhodora 12: 122. 1910. regarded as a hybrid between C. rugosa and C. stolonif era, is recorded from several localties in Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 91. 1917) and may occur elsewhere. 2 Cornus Amomum Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, Cornus No. 5. 1768 Silky cornel, kinnikinnik C. sericea L. Mant. 2: 199. 1771 C. lanuginosa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 92. 1803 Svida Amomum Small, FI. SE. U. S. 854. 1903 In low woods and along streams or in open sunny swamps. Com¬ mon throughout most sections of the State, but rare on southern Long island and absent from the pine-barrens. Cornus obliqua Raf. Western Review 1: 228. 1819; Am. Nat. 13. 1820 ( Cornus PurpiLsi Koehne, in Wittm. Gartenfl. 338. 1899). 538 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Is apparently the western form of Corn us Amomum, and is regarded by some authorities as a distinct species. Most, if not all, of the Cornus Amomum of the western Ontario lowlands might be referred here, but in many localities about the eastern Ontario lowlands it is scarcely distinct. When typical, it differs chiefly from C. Amomum in the glacous or glaucescent under sides of the leaves, which are densely covered by minute papillae, while in C. Amomum the under sides of the usually broader leaves are smoothish and pale or yellowish green. See Rehder (Trees & Shrubs i : 77. pi. 39. 1905). 3 Cornus Baileyi Coulter & Evans, Bot. Gaz. 15 137. 1890 Bailey’s cornel or dogwood Lake shores and moist ground. Jefferson county westward. Native in Durand Park, Rochester, Dunbar (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 18. 1910). Closely related to C. asperifolia Michx. of the Central States. 4 Cornus stolonifera Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 92. 1803 Red-osier cornel or dogwood C. alba Lam. Encycl. 2: 1 1 5.. 1786. Not L. 1753 C. sanguined Marsh. Arb. Am. 36. 1785 — Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 109. 1814. Not L. C. Purshii G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 399. 1833 In moist soil. Very common throughout the State north of the coastal plain. Very rare on Staten Island and not definitely known from Long Island. 5 Cornus femina Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, Cornus No. 4. 1768 Panicled cornel or dogwood C. candissitna Marsh. Arb. Am. 35. 1785. Not Mill. 1768 C. paniculata L’Her. Cornus 9. pi. 13. 1788 Svida candissima Small, FI. SE. U. S. 853. 1903 In rich, moist or wet soil. Frequent or common across the State outside of and chiefly south of the Adirondacks, but rare on the ccastal plain of Long Island. Cornus Arnoldiana Rehder, in Sarg. Trees & Shrubs 1 : 79. pi. 40. 1903, is a hybrid between C . femina and the western form of C. amomum {C. obliqua Raf.). 6 Cornus alternifolia L. f. Suppl. 125. 1781 Alternate-leaved cornel or dogwood C. alterna Marsh. Arb. Am. 35. 1785 Svida alternifolia Small, l.c. In woods and thickets, sometimes in open places. Common across the State northward, but rare on the coastal plain of Long Island. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 539 Section Cynoxylon Raf. Med. Bot. 1: 132. 1828 ( Benthamidia (Spach) Harms) Cynoxylon Raf. Alsog. Am. 59. 1838 Benthamidia Spach, Hist. Veg. 8: 109. 1839 7 Cornus florida L. Sp. PI. 117. 1753 Flowering dogwood Cynoxylon florium Raf. l.c. In woods, thickets and partially cleared hillsides. Frequent across the State from Rensselaer and Saratoga counties to Lewis county and westward to Lake Erie. Increasingly common southward. Forma xanthocarpa Rehder (Jour. Arnold Arb. 2: 179. 1921), with yellow fruit, near Oyster Bay, Long Island. Section Cornion Spach ( Arctocrania Endl.) Eukrania Raf. Alsog. Am. 59. 1838 (but not as to type) Chamaepericlymenum Graebn., in Asch. & Graebn. FI. Nord. Flachl. 225, 539. 1898 Cornelia Rydb. Torr. Club Bui. 33: 147. 1906 8 Cornus canadensis L., l.c. Low or dwarf cornel, bunchberry Eukrania canadensis Raf. l.c. Chamaepericlymenum canadense Asch. & Graebn., l.c. Cornelia canadensis Rydb., l.c. Cynoxylon canadense Schaffner, Cat. Ohio PI. 222. 1914 In moist or cool woods or in open sandy or rocky woodlands and thickets. Common across the State northward. Locally common westward to Lake Erie and southward to Columbia, Ulster and Delaware counties. Formerly on Long Island, Ruger (Torr. Club Bui. 1 : 32. 1870). Var. alpestris var. nov. Stems low and simple, 6-18 cm high from a slender, creeping and subterranean root stock ; leaves scarcely petioled, the upper ones crowded into an apparent whorl of six (or sometimes four), unequal leaves, two of them ovate-lanceolate, pointed at each end, 3-6 cm long, the others conspicuously smaller and narrower, sometimes with an additional pair of leaves on the stem below ; bracts of the involucre very unequal, two of them ovate to ovate-lanceolate, short-acuminate at the apex, rounded or acute and stalked at the base, 10-15 mm long, the other two bracts one-half to two-thirds as large and relatively narrower, usually tinged with green; stalks of the bracts 2-3 mm long; flowers whitish or greenish-white; mature fruit red and slightly smaller than in typical C. canadensis. Among mossy rocks, Indian Pass, Essex county, House 9454, July 2, 1923. Artists’s brook near Chapel pond, Keene Valley, July 12, 1923. In both localities growing among rocks beneath which ice persists throughout most of the summer. 540 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM This variety appears to differ from C. unalaschensis Ledeb., only in lacking any tint of purple on the petals and the stone of the fruit smooth as in C. canadensis. Forma elongata {Peck) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 23. 1923 Cornus canadensis var. elongata Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 150: 44. 1911 Collected by Peck in Rensselaer and Essex counties. NYSSA L. Sp. PI. 1058. 1753 Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. Arb. Am. 97. 1785 Pepperidge, sour gum, tupelo, black gum N. multiflora Wang. Holz. 46. pi. 16. 1787 In rich soil, chiefly in swamps northward, in drier situations south¬ ward. Common on Long Island and Staten Island, and on the Ontario lowlands from Oneida county westward. Frequent across the southern borders of the State. Local or rare northward to Lake George and Jefferson county. Series 2 GAMOPETALAE Family 1 CLETHRACEAE Klotsch, Linnaea 24: 12. 1851 CLETHRA L. Sp. PI. 396. 1753 White alder family Clethra alnifolia L., l.c. Sweet pepperbush, white or spiked alder In swamps or wet woods, more rarely in< drier soil. Common on Long Island and Staten Island. Rare inland in Westchester county and Skunnemunk mountain, Peck (39th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 55. 1886). Rockland lake, House. Family 2 PYROLACEAE Agardh. Cl. PI. 18. 1825 Wintergreen family PYROLA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 396. 1753 Subgenus O r t h i 1 i a Ramischia Opiz, Seznam 82. 1852 O r t h i 1 i a Raf. Aut. Bot. 103. 1840 Actinocyclus Klotzsch, Akad. Monats. Berlin 1857: 14. 1857 Pyrola, §. Eupyrola Gray, Syn. FI. 21 : 46. 1886 i Pyrola secunda L., l.c. One-sided wintergreen R. secundiflora Opiz, l.c. O. parvifolia Raf., l.c. A. secundus Klotzsch. l.c. R. sccunda Garcke, FI. Deuts. ed. 4, 222. 1858 0, sccunda House, Am. Mid. Nat. 7: 134. 1921 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING FLANTS 541 In woods and thickets, usually in cool arbor vitae swamps. Com¬ mon northward across the State. Less frequent southward and rare on Staten Island. Reported from Long Island. In our northern swamps, merging into the var. obtusata Turcz. ( P . secunda var. pumila Paine). All intermediate forms occur with the typical species in a swamp near Newcomb. Subgenus T h e I a i a ( Pyrola proper) . Thelaia Alefeld, Linnaea 28: 33. 1856 Pyrola, Sect. Thelaia Benth. & Hook. Gen. 2 2 Pyrola oxypetala Austin; in Gray, Man. ed. 5, 302. 1867 Sharp-petaled wintergreen On a hillside near Deposit, Broome county, in i860. Not since collected. See note and plate CLVIII, in Torr. Club Bui. 20: 282. 1893. 3 Pyrola uliginosa T. & G. ; Torr. FI. N. Y. 1 : 453. pi. 69. 1843 Bog wintergreen P. data Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 8: 270. 1843 Thelaia hracteosa Alef., l.c. 57 P. rotundifolia var. incarnata A. Gray, Syn. FI. 2 1 : 47. in part. 1878. Not DC. 1830 P. asarifolia var. incarnata Fernald, Rhodora 6: 178. 1904 In swamps and bogs. Locally frequent from Hamilton, Otsego, St. Lawrence and Lewis counties westward. Southern Herkimer county, several localities ; Oriskany swamp, etc. Paine (Cat. 103. 1865). Northern Otsego county, House. Bonaparte* swamp, Lewis county, House. Hamilton county', House. Tonawanda swamp near Akron, Erie county. Day and Clinton (19th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 205. 1866). Wayne county, Sartwell. Rome, Oneida county, House. Oneida, Madison county, House. Bergen swamp, Genesee county, House. Peterboro, Madison county, House. Stockholm and Potsdam, St Lawrence county, Phelps. 4 Pyrola asarifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 251. 1803 Liverleaf wintergreen In cold wet woods and swamps. Very rare. Bog near Horicon, Warren county, Peck (state herbarium; N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 188: 65. 1916). Reported from near Utica and in Yates county, Sartzvell (Paine, Cat. 103. 1865), but not verified. Newcomb, Essex county, House. Depeyster, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps, 1650. 1916. 5 Pyrola americana Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 2, 341. 1830 Round-leaved American wintergreen P. rotundifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 231. 1803. Not L. 1753 P. rotundifolia var. americana Fernald, Rhodora 22: 122. 1920 In rather dry woods. Frequent across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks, 542 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6 Pyrola chlorantha Sw., Sv. Vet.-Akad. Nya Handl. 31 : 190. 1810 Greenish-flowered wintergreen P. minor Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 299. 1814. Not L. 1753 In dry woods. Frequent across the State outside of the Adiron- dacks. Fernald (Rhodora 22 : 51. 1920) restricts the typical form of the species to the northern plant (Fort Edward, Howe; Bonaparte swamp, House; Bolton Landing. Peck), with numerous, rather small leaves rounded at both base and apex. The commoner, and somewhat more southern form in this State, with leaves mostly cuneate at base and truncate or subtruncate at apex, usually fewer in number, he calls var. paucifolia. The var. convoluta (Barton) Fernald, l.c. (P. convoluta Barton, FI. Phila. Prodr. 50. 1815), with all parts of the flowers larger (petals 6.5-9 mm long, 3-5-6 mm wide) and with large leaf-blades rounded at base (2-4.5 cm broad), I have not seen in this State, although it may be looked for in the southern sections. 7 Pyrola elliptica Nutt. Gen. 1 : 273. 1818 Shinleaf I11 rich, moist or dry woodlands. Common or at least frequent in most sections of the State. MONESES Salisb. ; S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2 : 403. 1821 Monanthium Ehrh. Beitr. 4: 148 (Nomina usualia). 1789 Bryopthalmum E. Meyer, Preuss. Pflanzeng. 101. 1839 O d o s t i m a Raf. Aut. Bot. 104. 1840 Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray, Man. 273. 1848 One-flowered wintergreen Pyrola uniflora L. Sp. PI. 397. 1753 Moneses grandiflora S. F. Gray, l.c. Pryopthalmum uniflorutn E. Meyer, l.c. Moneses reticulata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 271. 1843 Monanthium uniflorutn House, Am. Mid. Nat. 6: 206. 1920 In cool or moist woods, often in mossy swamps. Common across the State northward, especially in the Adirondacks. Less frequent, local or rare southward to the mountains of Rensse¬ laer, Greene and Delaware counties, westward to Chenango, Tomp¬ kins, Onondaga, Wyoming and Chautauqua counties. Apparently absent from the Ontario lowlands. CHIMAPHILA Pursh, LI. Am. Sept. 279, 300. 1814 Pseva Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 266. 1818 — Jour. Phys. 89: 261. 1819* I Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Barton, Mat. Med. 1 : 17. 1817 — Nutt. Gen. 1: 274. 1818. Pipsissewa, prince’s pine Pyrola umbellata L. Sp. PI. 396. 1753. Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 251. 1803 C. corymbosa Pursh, l.c. 300 Pseva umbellata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 390. 1891 *The publication of Pseva Raf. is sometimes cited as “Jour- Phys. 74: 261 1809 ”, but I have not been able to verify it. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 543 In rather dry, usually coniferous woods. Common across the State northward. Less frequent southward and rare on Long Island. Largely absent from most of the coastal plain area. The American form of this species has been distinguished from the European under the name of C. umbellata cisatlantica Blake, but if a separate name is required for the American form, the name given to it by Pursh (cf. N. Am. FI. 29: 31, 32, 1914) should be applied. 2 Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh, l.c. 300 Spotted wintergreen Pyrola maculata L. Sp. PI. 396. 1753 P. (or Chimaphila ) Durandii Raf. Atl. Jour. 119. 1832 Pscva maculata Kuntze, l.c. In dry woods, infrequent or rare across the State south of the Adirondacks, increasingly frequent southward and more common in the pine-barrens and on the coastal plain of Long island than north¬ ward. Northward it has been definitely recorded to Otsego, Oneida, Cayuga, Yates, Wayne and Monroe counties. Family 3 MONOTROPACEAE Desv. FI. Anjou. 172. 1827 Indian pipe family PTEROSPORA Nutt. Gen. 1: 269. 1818 Pterospora Andromedae Nutt., l.c. Albany beech drops, pine drops Monotropa procera Torr. ; Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 324. 1818 In rich woods. Rare or infrequent from Lake Champlain west¬ ward to the St Lawrence and Niagara rivers southward. Albany, Dr E. James; Amos Eaton, Doctor Wright, Tracy; banks of Seneca lake, Gray; Niagara Falls, Charles Whitlow; Little Falls, Cooper; Port Henry, Professor A. Hopkins; Sackett’s Harbor, Doctor Wood; Oriskany, George Vasey ; Schenectady and Schoharie, Kneiskern; Peekskill, Mead (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 458. 1843). Factory glen and Jantepusche’s-berg, Rotterdam, 6 miles west of Schenectady, Pearson; steep sides of Oriskany creek, just above Dexter factory where it was discovered by Vasey; Penn Yan, Sart- well (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 104. 1865). Portage, Wyoming county, 1863 and Niagara Falls and Albany, G. W. Clinton (19th Rep’t Regents 205. 1866). Fitche’s bridge, Chemung county, Lucy, 1892 (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 71. 1898). Webster, Lennon & Baxter; Seneca Point, Canandaigua lake, Streeter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 84. 1896). Woods north of Troy, Rensselaer county, Wight & Hall (Cat. PI. Troy 32. 1836 and in state herb.). Greenbush, Edwin James (Torrey in Eaton’s Man. 1818). 544 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Port Henry, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 94: 42. 1905). Hague, Warren county, Miss H. A. Edwards (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 35. 1906). Turin, Lewis county, Hough. Recent search in many of these localities indicates that this species has largely disappeared from places where long ago it was abundant. MONOTROPA L. Sp. PI. 387. 1753 Monotropa uniflora L., l.c. Indian pipe In moist rich woods. Frequent or common in most sections of the State, but rare in most of the sandy and barren portions of Long Island. HYPOPITYS Hill, Brit. Herb. 1756— Adans. Fam. PI. 2 : 443. 1763 1 Hypopitys americana (DC.) Small, FI. SE. U. S. 880. 1903 Pinesap, false beech drops Monotropa hypopitys Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1803. Not L. 1753. H. multiflora var. americana DC. Prodr. 72: 780. 1839 H. lanuginosa var. glabriuscula Torr. FI. N. Y. 1 : 457. 1843 In woods. Infrequent throughout most of the State, but not reported from Long Island. 2 Hypopitys lanuginosa (Michx.) Nutt. Gen. 1: 271. 1818 Hairy pinesap Monotropa lanuginosa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 266. 1803 In woods. Locally frequent on Long Island and Staten Island and northward to the foothills of the Adirondacks, Lake Champlain, St Lawrence county and westward to Lake Erie. Var. rosea (Torr.) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 69. 1923 Monotropa lanuginosa var. rosea Torr. FI. N. Y. 1: 457. 1843 Hypopitys insignata Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 41: 413. 1914 In dry woods on Long Island. Infrequent or rare. Family 4 ERICACEAE DC. FI. Franc. 3: 675. 1805 Heath family LEDUM L. Sp. PI. 391. 1753 Ledum groenlandicum Oeder, FI. Dan. pi. 567. 1771 Labrador tea L. thymifolium Marsh. Arb. Am. 75. 1785 L. latifolium Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 65. 1789 L. palustre var. latifolium Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 259- 1803 L. canadcnse Lodd. Bot. Cab. pi. 1049. 1825 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 545 In bogs and in the north, along shores of lakes and ponds. Com¬ mon across the State northward. Less common southward to Dutchess county and the Catskill mountains, Chenango county and bogs on the higher elevations from Cortland, Tompkins and Tioga county westward. Ledum decumbens (Ait.) Lodd. (L. palustre var. angustifolium Hook.), is included in the State Flora by Torrey upon the authority of Pursh. It is a far northern species and probably does not occur within our borders. AZALEA L. Sp. PI. 150. 1753 Anthodendron Reichenb. Moessl. Handb. 1: p. xl. 244, 308. 1827 1 Azalea periclymenoides Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 151. 1803 Pinkster flower, wild honeysuckle, purple azalea Rhododendron nudiflorum Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 424. 1824 Azalea nudiflora, of N. Y. Reports, not L. In dry, sandy or rocky woods and thickets, or northward and westward often in swamps and low moist woods. Frequent or com¬ mon across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks. Azalea nudiflora L. (1763), as shown by Blake (Rhodora 20: 53. 1918), is an aggregate of three species, known in recent works as A. nudiflora, A. lutea ( calendulacea ) and A. canescens. The name is practically a renaming of A. lutea (1753) as no new references are added. The name A. lutea in this case is undoubtedly derived from the Colden reference, which is the yellow or flame azalea, and with this taken as the type of A. lutea, the name may be retained for that plant. 2 Azalea prionophylla Small, N< Am. FI. 29: 42. 1914 Northern mountain or hoary azalea A. canescens, of N. Y. Reports, not Michx. 1803 Rhododendron canescens Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 16: 220. 1889 In woods. Infrequent from the southern Catskills southward and westward. Greene, Ulster and Delaware counties, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 488. 1915). Pond brook, Broome county, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 70. 1898). Apalachin, Tioga county, and Machias, Cattaraugus county, Fenno (53d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 836. 1900). 3 Azalea lutea L. Sp. PI. 150. 1753 Yellow or flame azalea A. calendulacea Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 151. 1803 A. nudiflora L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 214. 1762 Rhododendron calcndidaccum Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 425. 1824 546 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In dry woods and moist wooded slopes. Formerly in the Hudson highlands and the southern Catskills, and southward on the Appalachian mountains. Not recently collected and probably no longer native in our flora. 4 Azalea viscosa L. Sp. PI. 151. 1753 Swamp pink or honeysuckle, white azalea Rhododendron viscosum Torr., l.c. 424 In swamps across the southern part of the State. Frequent or common on Long Island and Staten Island and northward into Westchester county. Very rare farther northward but has been reported north to Rensselaer, Albany and Oneida counties. Var. glauca (Lam.) Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 151. 1803 Azalea glauca Lam. Encycl. 1: 340. 1783 A. hispida Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 154. 1814 Rhododendron hispidum Torr., l.c. 425. Not D. Don, 1822 R. glaucum G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3 : 848. 1833 Frequent or common in the same range. Var. nitida (Pursh) Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 248. 1894 A. nitida Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 153. 1814 Usually less common, but occasional with the typical form in the southern part of the State. Bicknell (Torr. Club Bui. 41: 413. 1914), keeps A. nitida and A. glauca as species, distinct from A. viscosa. Some of the northern records in this State for the species (including var. glauca are as follows : Highland lake, Sullivan county, Peck (47th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 30. 1894). Nassau, Rensselaer county, Wibbe (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 100. 1876). Halfway between Schenectady and Albany, Pearson; near Boonville, Oneida county, Kneiskern (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 102. 1865). Watson, Lewis county, (59th Rep’l Regents, 1846). The report by Peck is the only one which is with¬ out question. RHODORA L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 561. 1762 Rhodora canadensis L., l.c. Rhodora Rhododendron Rhodora Gmel. Syst. 694. 1 791 Rhodora congest a Moench, Meth. 68. 1794 Rhododendron canadense B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 33. 188S Azalea canadensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 386. 1891 In bogs and on wet mountain slopes. Rare in the eastern part of the State. Sam’s Point, Ulster county, C. F. Austin (Torr. Club Bui. 2: 14. 1871 ; 10: 105. 1883 by Britton; Peck, 42d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 36. 1889). Lake Minnewaska, Shawangunk mountains, Peck ( 5 1 st ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 547 Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 297. 1898). Thirteenth pond, Johnsburg, Warren county, Mrs. I. B. Sampson (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 2: 26. 1887). Reported from West Turin, Lewis county by F. B. Hough in 1846. RHODODENDRON L. Sp. PI. 392. 1753 1 Rhododendron lapponicum (L.) Wahl. FI. Suec. 249. 1824 Lapland rose bay Azalea lapponica L. Sp. PI. 151. 1753 Summits of the highest mountains of the Adirondacks. Mount Marcy and Mount McIntyre, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 1: 438. 1843). Mount Marcy, Kneiskern (in Sartwell herbarium). Summits of Mount McIntyre and Mount Wright, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 1 13. 1899.) 2 Rhododendron maximum L. Sp. PI. 392. 1753' Great laurel, rose bay In low woods and along streams. Rare or local across the State northward. Locally more abundant southward, but unknown on Staten Island or Long Island. Common about Barryville and other places in Sullivan county, with petals spotted with green (forma viridimaculatum Peck), Peck (47th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 31. 1894). Reported from Staten Island in Torrey’s Catalogue (1819), and from near Babylon, Long Island and highlands of the Hudson and Oriskany swamp, Oneida county, Kneiskern (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 438. 1843). Extinct in Oriskany swamp, and not now known to occur upon either Long Island or Staten Island. Mohawk valley, Schenectady, Pearson; west of Oriskany, Vasey; Oriskany valley, a mile or two south of Clark’s Mills ; Unadilla valley, four miles south of Bridgewater, Gray; Italy Hill, Yates county, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 103. 1865). Clinton, Oneida county, A. D. Gridley (N. Y. Evening Post Nov. 1875; and Torr. Club Bui. 6: 52. 1875). Reported from Leyden, Lewis county, F. B. Hough, 1846. New Russia, Essex county, /. W. Condgon (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 56. 1875). Chapel pond, Essex county, O. S. Phelps (27th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 112. 1877). Union Mills, Fulton county, Annabel Martin. Machias, Wyoming county, G. W . Clinton, and West Hurley, Ulster county, Peck (28th Rep’t 83. 1876). White’s Corners, Erie county, D. F. Day (22nd Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 103. 1869). Carmalt, F. E. Fenno; Unadilla Forks, Broivn; Cincinnatus, L. H. Dewey (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 70. 1898). Webster, Monroe county, James H. Brown (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 83. 1896). South Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. Michigan Hollow swamp, Danby, Dudley (Cayuga Flora 59. 1886). 18 548 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM KALMIA L. Sp. PI. 391. 1753 Chamaedaphne [Catesby] Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 388. 1891 1 Kalmia angustifolia L. Sp. PI. 391. 1753 Sheep laurel, lambkill, wicky C. angustifolia Kuntze, l.c. In moist soil, in swamps or boggy depressions, or in sandy barrens or on hillsides. Frequent or common across the eastern and northern parts of the State and on Long Lsland and Staten Island, and along the Ontario lowlands. Infrequent or rare on the limestone hills and uplands across the middle of the State, and there chiefly confined to bogs. 2 Kalmia latifolia L. Sp. PI. 391. 1753. American or mountain laurel, calico bush C. latifolia Kuntze, l.c. In woods, preferring sandy or rocky soil, sometimes in swamps or boggy depressions. Frequent or locally common on Long Island and Staten Island and northward throughout the Catskills. Rare or local farther northward and westward. Northward the species reaches in its scattered distribution to Saratoga, Phelps ; Clarksville, Albany county, House ; New London, Oneida county, House; near Sodus, Wayne county, Hankenson; Oriskany, Kneiskern, formerly ; westward to Olean, Cattaraugus county, Clinton. For variations in the shape of corolla, color of flowers and shape of leaves, see Rehder (Rhodora 12: 1-3. 1910). 3 Kalmia polifolia Wang. Beob. Ges. Nat. Freunde Berlin 22: 130. 1788 Pale or swamp laurel K. glauca Ait. Hort. Kew, 2: 64. pi. 8. 1811 C. glauca Kuntze, l.c. In bogs and on mountain summits. Common across the Adiron¬ dack region and the northern counties. Less frequent or rare south¬ ward to Dutchess county, the Catskill mountains and westward, on the Ontario lowlands. CASSIOPE D. Don, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 17: 157. 1834 Harrimanel la Coville, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3 : 570. 1901 Cassiope hypnoides (L.) D. Don, l.c. Moss plant Andromeda hypnoides L. Sp. PI. 393. 1753 Harrimanella hypnoides Coville, l.c. 575 Sometimes credited to the alpine summit of Mount Marcy, where it was supposed to have been collected many years ago by Doctor ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 549 Parry, but Parry’s herbarium apparently does not confirm this, nor has the plant been since collected there. A note in Ecology (i: 226. 1920), cites Doctor J. V. Haberer as stating that he collected this species on Panther mountain, July, 1879, and that the specimen is in the herbarium of Hamilton college. Panther mountain here referred to is supposed to be Panther peak, the highest point of Santanoni mountain (4448 feet altitude), Essex county. CHAMAEDAPHNE Moench, Meth. 457. 1794 Hydragonium [Sieg. FI. Petr. 1736] Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 390. 1891 Cassandra D. Don, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 17: 158. 1834 Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench, l.c. Leatherleaf, cassandra Hydragonium calyculatum Kuntze, l.c. Andromeda calyculata L. Sp. PI. 394. 1753 Cassandra calyculata D. Don. l.c. Lyonia calyculata Reich. FI. Ex. 1 : 414. 1827 In bogs and swamps. Common across the State northward, and frequent on Long Island. Not reported from Staten Island and rare in the Chemung valley. Common in the swamps and bogs of the Ontario lowlands. Elsewhere infrequent across the State westward. EUBOTRYS Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) 8: 269. 1843 Eubotrys racemosa (L.) Nutt. l.c. Swamp eubotrys Andromeda racemosa L. Sp. PI. 394. 1753 Zenobia racemosa DC. Prodr. 7 : 598. 1839 Lyonia racemosa D. Don, Edinb. New Phil. Jour. 17: 159. 1834 Leucothoe racemosa A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 252. 1856 In swamps and moist thickets. Frequent on Long Island and Staten Island. Less common northward in Westchester county. Skunnemunk mountain, Peck (39th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 55. 1886). ANDROMEDA L. Sp. PI. 393. 1753 Andromeda glaucophylla Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1 : 394. 1821 Wild rosemary, marsh holly rose, moorwort A. Polifolia , of N. Y. Reports, mainly; not L. A. glauca rosmarinifolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 291. 1814 A. canescens Small, N. Am. FI. 29: 61. 1914 In bogs, swamps, marshy shores, and on alpine or subalpine summits. Common throughout the Adirondack region, and in most of the cold bogs southward to Dutchess, Putnam, Orange and Dela¬ ware counties, westward to Wyoming and Genesee counties. 550 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The typical A. P o 1 i f o 1 i a is said to possess leaves glabrous and generally whitened beneath with a varnish-like coat, later often green. No such plant is found in this State, although Knight (Rhodora 5: 71. 1903), reports a specimen of it from this State in the Thurber herbarium, collected by Durand. All of our material as represented in the state herbarium, has leaves canescent beneath and belongs to A. glaucophylla. Doctor Small (N. Am. FI. 29: 61. 1914) regards this as a new species and names it A. canescens, while he reduces the name glaucophylla Link, to a synonym of A. P 0 1 i f 0 1 i a L., obviously an incorrect dis¬ position of the name, since A. glaucophylla Link, is based upon A. P o 1 i f o 1 i a var. 1 a t i f o 1 i a Aiton, and is the same as A. Poliofolia /?. Pursh, our common form in New York State. Torrey (Am. Jour. Sci. 2: 62. 1822) describes a form with linear, revolute leaves as A. P o 1 i f 0 1 i a var. rosmarini- folia. Pursh gives Albany as the type locality for his variety “rosmarinif olia,” and the rosemary, answering to his description, is still to be found in the swamps near there, and as is often the case with material from outside of and south of the Adirondacks, the leaves are more revolute and less whitened beneath. NEOPIERIS Britton ; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 2 : 690. 1913 Neopieris mariana (L.) Britton, l.c. Stagger bush Andromeda mariana L. Sp. PI. 393. 1753 Pieris mariana B. & H. Gen. PI. 2: 588. 1876 Lyonia mariana D. Don, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 17: 159. 1834 Leucothoe mariana DC. Prodr. 7: 602. 1839 In sandy soil. Common on Long Island and Staten Island and in Westchester county along or near the Long Island Sound. XOLISMA Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 4: 193. 1819 Lyonia Nutt. Gen. 1: 266. 1818. Not Ell. 1817, nor Raf. 1808 Arse nococcus Small ; in Small & Carter, FI. Lancaster Co. 218. 1913 Xolisma ligustrina (L.) Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 4: 135. 1894 Wild privet, privet andromeda V accinium ligustrinum L. Sp. PI. 351. 1753 Andromeda racemosa Lam. Encycl. 1: 158. 1783. Not L. 1753 A. paniculata Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 68. 1799- Not L. Lyonia panicidata Nutt., l.c. L. ligustrina DC. Prodr. 7 : 599. 1839 In swamps and wet soil, sometimes in rather dry sandy or rocky places. Rensselaer and Saratoga counties westward to Oneida county, and southward. Not reported from the Ontario lowlands, but southward extending locally westward to Lake Erie. Increas¬ ingly common southward in the State. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 55 1 EPIGAEA L. sp. PI. 395. 1753 Epigaea repens L., l.c. Trailing arbutus, Mayflower In sandy or rocky woods. Locally common across the State except in regions of limestone soil, and rare in woods of rich humus. In the Adirondacks rarely found above 2000 feet altitude. Formerly more abundant everywhere in the State. GAULTHERIA Kalm; L. Sp. PI. 395. 1753 Brossaea [Plum.] L. Gen. Ed. 1. 366. 1737 — Sp. PI. 1190. 1753 Gaultheria procumbens L., l.c. Creeping or spicy wintergreen, checkerberry B. procumbens, Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. 387. 1891 In woods, especially under evergreen trees, and often in light or sterile soil in open places. Frequent or common in most sections of the State, but usually absent from regions of limestone, and from sections where the soil is clayey. UVA-URSI Mill. Gard. Diet. abr. ed. 4. 1754 Arctostaphylos Adans. Fam. PI. 2 : 165. 1763 Mairrania Neck. Elem. 1: 219. 1790 Xerobotrys Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) 8: 267. 1843 Uva-Ursi Uva-Ursi (L.) Britton; in Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. ed. 2, 2: 693. 1913 Red bearberry, kinnikinic Arbutus Uva-Ursi L. Sp. PI. 395. 1753 Uva-Ursi procumbens Moench, Meth. 470. 1794 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Spreng. Syst. 2: 287. 1825 In dry sandy or rocky soil. Locally frequent or common across the northern part of the State. Outside of the mountains local or rare southward to the Catskills, Long Island, Staten Island, west¬ ward to Tompkins, Genesee and Niagara counties. Apparently much less common now than formerly, as in many places outside of the mountains, it shows undoubted signs of dying out. Most of the New York collections of this species belong to the so-called var. coactilis Fernald & McBride (Rhodora 16: 212. 1914) “ branchlets canescent-tomentulose, not viscid, the minute tomentum persistent.” Occasionally a specimen has the branchlets quite glabrous (Lake Bonaparte, House), and European specimens of the var. coactilis have been seen. CALLUNA Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. 6: 317. 1802 Calluna vulgaris (L.) Salisb., l.c. European heather Erica vulgaris L. Sp. PI. 352. 1753 Calluna Erica DC. FI. Franc. 3: 680. 1805 552 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Common and native in nearly all of the northern and central portions of Europe, and naturalized in portions of New England. Near Grafton, Rensselaer county, Dr Rudolf Ruedcman, Sept. 5, 1921 (state herbarium) ; growing in a clump about the base of dead spruce trees which had been imported several years earlier from northern Germany. J. A. Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 101. 1865), states that “ plants of this species from Tewksbury, Mass., have been stationed on the sand plains of Rome, and in the northern part of Herkimer county, on a barren knoll in the beaver meadow beyond Bald rock, north of the Eight lakes, where they ought to flourish and multiply.” Some search has been made in both localities mentioned by Paine, without finding the plants. Family 5 VACCINIACEAE Lindl. Veg. Kingd. 757. 1847 Huckleberry family GAYLUSSACIA H.B.K. Nov. Gen. 3: 275. pi 257. 1819 ? A d n a r i a Raf. FI. Ludov. 56. 1817 — A d n a r i a Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 382. 1891 Decamerium Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 8: 259. 1843 1 Gaylussacia frondosa (L.) T. & G. ; Torr. FI. N. Y. 1 : 449. 1843 Blue huckleberry, blue tangle Vaccinimn frondosmn L. Sp. PI. 351. 1753 V. venustum Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: n. 1789 V. glaucum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 231. 1803 A. frondosa Kuntze, l.c. In moist woods and thickets. Frequent or locally common on Long Island and Staten Island, especially in the pine-barrens of the coastal plain. Locally in Westchester county, and rare northward to the Hudson highlands, Dutchess and Albany counties. Reported from Newark, Wayne county ( Hankcnson .) 2 Gaylussacia baccata (Wang.) K. Koch, Dendrol. 21: 93. 1872 Black or high bush huckleberry Andromeda baccata Wang. Beitr. Am. 3: 30. pi. 39. f. 69. 1787 Vacciniuni resinosum Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 12. 1789 V. parviflorum Andr. Bot. Repos, pi. 125. 1800 G. resinosa T. & G. ; Torrey, l.c. A. resinosa Kuntze, l.c. 383 In woods and thickets, preferring sandy or rocky soil. Frequent or common in most sections of the State below 3000 feet altitude in the Adirondacks. Pursh (FI. Am. Sept. 286. 1S14) distinguished 3 forms or varieties, viz. : viridescens, rubescens, and lutescens, based mainly upon the variable color of the corolla of this species. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 553 More recently 2 forms have been described, based upon characters of the fruit, viz. : forma glaucocarpa (Robinson) Mackenzie, and forma leucocarpa (Porter) Fernald. Both have been found in this State. 3 Gaylussacia dumosa (Andr.) T. & G. ; Gray, Man. 259. 1848 Gopherberry, dwarf or bush huckleberry Vaccinium dumosum Andr. Bot. Repos. 2: pi. 112. 1800 V. hirtellum Ait. f. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 2: 357. 1811 G. dumosa hirtella A. Gray, Man. 259. 1848 G. hirtella T. & G. ; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 448. 1843 Decamerium dumosum & hirtellum Nutt., l.c. 260 G. dumosa var. Bigcloviana Fernald, Rhodora 13: 99. 1911 A. dumosa Kuntze, l.c. 382 In sandy or rocky soil, usually in swampy or boggy depressions. Frequent on eastern Long Island. Less common or rare on western Long Island and Staten Island and in Westchester county. VITIS-IDAEA (Tourn.) Hill. Brit. Herb. 516. 1756 Vitis-Idaea Vitis-Idaea (L.) Britton, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bui. 3: 179. 1903 Cowberry, mountain cranberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Sp. PI. 351. 1753 V . vitis-idaea var. minus Lodd. Bot. Cab. pi. 1023. 1825 Vitis-idaea punctata Moench, Meth. 47. 1794 According to Britton & Brown (Illus. FI. ed. 2, 2: 697. 1913), ascends to 5300 feet in the Adirondacks. It has not been found on Mount Marcy by Doctor Peck, or by more recent collectors. There are no specimens of this in the state herbarium from New York. POLYCOD I UM Raf . Am. Mo. Mag. 2 : 266. 1818 Picrococcus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (11) 8 : 262. 1843 1 Polycodium stamineum (L.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 324. 1898 Deerberry, buckberry, squawberry Vaccinium stamineum L. Sp. PI. 350. 1753 Picrococcus stamineus Nutt., l.c. In dry, sandy or rocky woodlands, thickets or open places. Locally common across the State from Rensselaer and Saratoga counties westward to Lewis and Jefferson counties and Lake Erie. Increas¬ ingly common southward, especially on Long Island. 2 Polycodium candicans (Mohr.) Small, FI. SE. U.S. 658. 1903 Pale-leaved deerberry Vaccinium melanocrapum candicans Mohr, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 6: 658. 1901 554 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In rocky woodlands and openings. Infrequent from Albany and Rensselaer county southward. Closely related to P. stamineum, and by some authorities united with it. It differs chiefly by its paler leaves which are glaucous- white beneath with a dense fine white indument, and the mature fruit more glaucous. VACCINIUM L. Sp. PI. 349. 1753 (revised by Paul M. Standley) 1 Vaccinium uliginosum L. Sp. PI. 350. 1753 Great or bog bilberry, bog whortleberry V. gaultherioides Bigel. New Eng. Med. Jour. 5: 335. 1816 Alpine summits of the Adirondack mountains. Essex county, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 1 : 444. 1843). Summit of Mount Marcy, Kneiskern (Herb. Sartwell). Mount Marcy, Peck 52d R-ep’t N. Y. State Mus. 667. 1899). Indian Pass and open summit of Mount McIntyre and Mount Wright, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: hi. 1899). Our specimens all belong to the var. alpinum Bigelow, FI. Bost. eel. 153. 1824 (Fernald, in Rhodora 25: 25. 1923). 2 Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 234. 1803 Dwarf bilberry Alpine summits of the higher Adirondacks. Summit of Whiteface, Peck (22 d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 53. 1869). Summit of Mount Marcy, Peck (23th Rep’t 107. 1873). (52d Rep’t 667. 1899). 3 Vaccinium corymbosum L. Sp. PI. 350. 1753 High bush or tall blueberry V. amoenum Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 12. 1789 In swamps, thickets and woods, often in open or recently cleared sandy or swampy soil. Frequent or common in most sections of the State. Rare above 3000 feet altitude in the Adirondacks. An extremely variable species, composed of numerous closely related and perhaps intergrading forms, differing from each other chiefly in the shape, texture, color and indument of the foliage and in the size of plant. A more complete correlation and knowledge of the characters of the flowers, fruit and foliage of these variations may lead to the recognition of some of them as good species. For the present they may be briefly indicated as tentative forms. Vaccinium atlanticum Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 41: 422. 1914- At Ron- konkoma. Long Island (Bicknell) . Type from Nantucket Island. Very closely related to V. corymbosum, and apparently only a low form of that species. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 555 Vaccinium simulatum Small, FI. SE. U. S. 896. 1903. New York speci¬ mens from Staten Island, West Point, etc., referred to this, have been rede¬ termined by Bicknell as his V. atlanticum, and do not appear to differ essentially from V. corymbosum. Vaccinium vicinum Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 41: 425,. 1914. Long Island (Bicknell) . This appears to be a pubescent extreme of V. corymbosum. Vaccinium virgatum Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 12. 1789. This has been reported northward to Staten Island, but the specimens so referred have been rede¬ termined as V. atlanticum, and hence represent a low form of V. corymbosum. Typical V. virgatum which occurs in the southern states has not been definitely recorded in New York. 4 Vaccinium caesariense Mackenzie, Torreya 10: 230. 1910 New Jersey blueberry V. corymbosum var. glabrum A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 292. 1867 In bogs on Long Island. Rare. This has been referred to V. australe Small, a southern species with larger flowers, and which is perhaps the same as V. pallidum Ait. 5 Vaccinium canadense Kalm. ; Richardson, in Frankl. Jour. 736. 1823 Canada blueberry In moist places, sometimes in rather dry stony or sandy soil on open mountain summits, etc. Frequent or common in the Adiron- dacks and throughout most of northern and central New York. Less common southward to the Catskills in Ulster, Delaware, Greene and Sullivan counties and westward to Lake Erie. 6 Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. Hort. Kew. 2:11. 1789 Dwarf, early or low bush blueberry V. pennsylvanicum Lam. Encycl. 1: 74. 1783. Not Mill. 1768 In dry, rocky or sandy soil. Frequent or common in most sec¬ tions of the State northward, especially in the Adirondack region, and the Catskill mountains. Less common southward to Long Island and westward to Lake Erie. Leaves narrowly-lanceolate, 7-20 mm long, 3-7 mm wide, in the typical form, merging into the commoner, broader-leaved and nearly glabrous form, which is the typical V. pennsylvanicum Lam., and which may be designated as var. laevifolia, House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 61. 1923. Another extreme of the species has the leaves and twigs more or less pubescent, the leaf-blades evidently lustrous. It is var. myrtilloides (Michx.) House, l.c. ( V . mytilloides Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 234. 1803. V. pennsylvanicum var. myrtilloides Fernald, Rhodora 10: 148. 1908), and while chiefly more northern in distribution has been collected by Peck at Islip, Long Island. 556 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 7 Vaccinium nigrum (Wood) Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 252. 1894 V. pennsylvanicum var. nigrum Wood, Bot. & Flor. 199. 1873 Leaves lustrous, coriaceous and glabrous as in typical V . augusti- folium, but relatively broader and larger; fruit large, black without bloom, sweet and juicy. Local across the state northward. Day, Peck. Le Roy, Baxter. Caroga, Peck. 8 Vaccinium Brittonii Porter; Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 41: 420. 1914 Britton’s blueberry V. nigrum Britton, Man. 710. 1901 (as to descr.). Type from Nantucket Island. Long Island and LaRue Island St Lawrence river (according to Bicknell). Minnewaska, Peck. Black mountain, Washington county, Burnham. Bloomingdale Sta¬ tion, Franklin county, Peck. Vaccinium Dobbinii Burnham (Am. Bot. 12: 9. 1907), from Washington county, is apparently a hybrid between V. Brittonii and V. nigrum. The fruit is black, rather than dark-blue as described, and the leaves are not pale beneath as is usually the case in V. vacillans. The leaves are apparently, in the dried specimens, little if at all lustrous. 8 Vaccinium vacillans [Kalm] ; Torr. FI. N. Y. 1 : 444. 1843 Common low blueberry In dry soil. Frequent or common from Lake Champlain to the St Lawrence river, and in the Adirondacks up to 3000 feet altitude. Common southward in the State to Long Island, but less frequent in the western counties of the State. Var. crinitum Fernald (Rhodora 13: 236. 1911), represents the pubescent extreme of this species. 9 Vaccinium atrococcum (A. Gray) ITeller, Torr. Club. Bui. 21 : 24. 1894 Black blueberry V. disomorphum Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 151. 1824. Not Michx. 1803 V . corymbostmi var. atrococcum Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 250. 1856 In swamps and wet woods. Frequent or common across the State northward, and in central New York. Locally common southward to Long Island and Staten Island. Less frequent in the western counties, and in the northern Adirondacks. CHIOGENES Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 2: 94. 1814. G 1 y c i p h y 1 1 a Raf . Am. Mo. Mag. 3 : 192. 1819 Easier pa Torrey, Geol. Rep't N. Y. 152. 1839 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 557 Chiogenes hispidula (L.) T. & G. ; Torr. FI. N. Y. i: 450. 1843 Creeping snowberry Vaccinium hispidulum L. Sp. 352. 1753 Chiogenes scrpyllifolia Salisb., l.c. Oxycoccus hispidulus Pers. Syn. 1 : 419. 1805 Gaultheria serpyllifolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. pi. 13. 283. 1814 Glyciphylla hispidula Raf., l.c. Lasierpa hispidula Torrey, Geol. Rep. N. Y. 152. 1839 In cold wet woods and bogs. Common throughout the Adiron¬ dack^ and the northern counties of the State, southward to the Catskills and central New York. Less common, local or rare west¬ ward to Wayne, Genesee and Erie counties, and southward to the higher hills of Tompkins, Cortland, Chenango and Sullivan counties, Dutchess county and reported from a single station on Staten Island. OXYCOCCUS (Tourn.) Hill, Brit. Herb. 324. 1756 Schollera Roth, Tait. FI. Germ. 1: 165, 170. 1788 Oxycoca Raf. Med. FI. 2: 49. 1830 1 Oxycoccus Oxycoccus (L.) MacM. Torr. Club Bui. 19: 15. 1892 Small or European cranberry Vaccinium Oxycoccus L. Sp. PI. 351. 175.3 V. pennsylvanicum Marsh. Arb. Am. 159. 1785. Not Mill. V . Oxycoccus var. ovalifolium Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 228. 1803 V. palustris Pers. Syn. 1 : 419. 1805 V. Oxycoccus var. intermedium Gray, Syn. FI. 22 : 396. 1886 0. vulgaris Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 263. 1814 In cold bogs and mountain summits. Common in the Adirondack mountains and the northern counties of the State and in the cold bogs of central New York. Less frequent southward to the Cats¬ kills and the Hudson river valley, westward to Lake Erie. 2 Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Ait.) Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 263. 1814 Large or American cranberry V. hispidulum Marsh. Arb. Am. 159. 1785. Not L. 1753 V. macrocarpon Ait. Flort. Kew. 2: 13. pi. 7. 1789 V. Oxycoccus var. oblongifolium Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 228. 1803 0. palustris var. macrocarpus Pers. Syn. 1: 419. 1805 In bogs and marshes. Common or frequent on Long Island and Staten Island, and northward across the State. Less frequent else¬ where across the State, and rare in the western counties. Family 6 DI APENSIACEAE Link, Handb. 1 : 595. 1829 Diapensia family DIAPENSIA L. Sp. PI. 141. 1753 Diapensia lapponica L., l.c. Diapensia Frequent only on the summits of Mount Marcy and Mount Mc¬ Intyre in the Adirondack mountains. 558 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Family 7 PRIMULACEAE Vent. Tabl. 2: 285. 1799 Primrose family PRIMULA L. Sp. PI. 142. 1753 Primula mistassinica Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 124. 1803 Mistassini or dwarf Canadian primrose On wet banks and cliffs. Rare. Yates county, Sartwell (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 8. 1843); the specimen in the Sartwell herbarium is labelled “ Hammondsport.” Annsville, Oneida county, Vasey (Sartwell Flerb.) Cliffs of Fish creek, from Taberg northward (town of Annsville), and deep ravine of Hammondsport, head of Crooked lake, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 105. 1865). Taberg, Peck (46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 48. 1893). Portage, G. W. Clinton (24th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 101. 1872). Ravines at head of Crooked lake and Cayuga lake, and Fall creek, gorge, Ithaca, Prentiss (Torr. Club Bui. 4: 15. 1873; 28th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 83. 1876). Cliffs below the falls of the Salmon river, Orwell, Oswego county W . W . Rowlee (Torr. Club Bui. 20; 69. 1893). HOTTONIA Boerh.; L. Sp. PI. 145. 1753 Hottonia inflata Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1 : 231. 1817 American featherfoil II. palustris Pursh, Eaton, etc., not L. In shallow stagnant pools. Rare. Several places in Westchester county, Mead; near Dexter, Jeffer¬ son county, Vasey (Torrey in Torr. Club Bui. 2: 22. 1871). Two or three miles west of Dexter, Vasey (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida county, 105. 1865). Northville, Suffolk county, H. W. Young (Torr. Club Bui. 3: 51. 1872). Pond near Mariner’s Harbor, Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 178. 1877). SAMOLUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 171. 1753 Samolus parviflorus Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 176. Jan. 1818 Water pimpernel, brookweed S. floribundus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 224. Febr. 1818 S. valerandi var. americanus Gray, Man. ed. 2, 274. 1856 In swamps and brooks or often in low wet meadows. Frequent or common in most sections of the State, especially along the coast and along streams, rivers, lakes and ponds northward and westward in the State ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 559 LYSIMACHIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 146. 1753 Section Lysimastrum 1 Lysimachia vulgaris L., l.c. Golden or yellow loosestrife In fields and along roadsides, sometimes spreading into woods and thickets. Common about Herkimer and northward in the valley of the West Canada creek, in Herkimer county. Elsewhere local or rare. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Lysimachia punctata L., l.c. 147 Spotted loosestrife In waste places. Infrequent or rare. Adventive or sparingly naturalized from Europe. Randolph, Cattaraugus county, (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 157: 41. 1912). 3 Lysimachia quadrifolia L., l.c. Crosswort, whorled loosestrife L. punctata Walt. FI. Car. 92. 1788 L. hirsuta Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 127. 1803 In thickets, wet meadows and marshes. Common throughout the State, except at the higher altitudes of the Adirondack mountains. Variable in shape of leaves and degree of pubescence. Forma variegata Peck (47th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 31. 1894, as a variety), has the petals tipped or margined with orange. 4 Lysimachia producta (A. Gray) Fernald, Rhodora 1 : 134. 1899 L. stricta var. producta Gray, Man. ed. 2, 272. 1856 L. racemosa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 128. 1803, in part L. foliosa Small, FI. SE. U. S. 903. 1903 In swamps and along roadsides, southern part of the State, and locally northward. Rare. Sometimes regarded as a hybrid between L. quadrifolia and terrestris. On Long Island and Staten Island and up the Hudson valley to Putnam county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 498. 1915. 1915)- Nar- rowsburg, Sullivan county, Peck, and Glens Falls and Watertown, C. L. Williams (53d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 836. 1900). Sylvan Beach, Oneida county; Elizabethtown, Essex county, Peck. 5 Lysimachia terrestris (L.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 34. 1888 Bulb-bearing loosestrife Viscum terrestre L. Sp. PI. 1023. 1753 L. stricta Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 199. 1789 L. racemosa Lam. Encycl. 3: 571. 1789 L. bulbifera Curt. Bot. Mag. pi. 104. L. Loomisii Torrey in Croom, Cat. PI. New Bern 46. 1833 In swamps, low meadows and moist open woods and thickets. Common throughout the State. Variable in leaf-form, see (Peck, 47th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 31-32. 1894). 560 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Lysimachia terrestris x thrysiflora Fernald & Wiegand, Rhodora 12: 140. 1910 A hybrid, collected by Miss E. C. Webster, at Canandaigua, June 24, 1911 (state herbarium). Section Nu m u 1 aria Numularia Gilib. FI. Lithuan. 1: 29. 1781 6 Lysimachia Nummularia L. Sp. PI. 148. 1753 Moneywort, creeping loosestrife N. repens Gilib., l.c. N. sylvatica S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 300. 1821 In moist places. Common in most sections of the State. Natural¬ ized from Europe. Section Nau m b u r g i a Naumburgia Moench, Meth. Suppl. 23. 1802 7 Lysimachia thrysiflora L. Sp. PI. 147. 1753 Tufted loosestrife N. guttata Moench, l.c. L. capitata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 135. 1814 L. capitellata Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 354. 1808 N. thrysiflora Duby, in DC. Prodr. 8: 60. 1844 Nummularia thrysiflora Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 398. 1891 In swamps, bogs, and on marshy shores and in wet places. Frequent or common in most sections of the State. STEIRONEMA Raf. Ann. Gen. Phys. 7 : 192. 1820 Nummularia (Gronov.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 398. 1891 1 Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf., l.c. Fringed loosestrife Lysimachia ciliata L. Sp. PI. 147. 1753 Nummularia ciliata Kuntze, l.c. In moist thickets, woods and on shores. Common throughout most sections of the State, except the pine-barrens of Long Island, where it is rare or absent. 2 Steironema lanceolatum (Walt.) Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 63. 1876 Lance-leaved loosestrife Lysimachia lanceolata Walt- FI. Car. 92. 1788 L. hybrida Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 126. 1803 L. heterophylla Nutt. Gen. 1: 121. 1818. Not Michx. S', liybridum and S. hetcrophyllum Raf., l.c. 183 Nummularia lanceolata Kuntze, l.c. In moist soil. Infrequent or rare. Occasional on Long Island and Staten Island, northward to Port Jervis, Peck, Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, Peck, and westward. Not reported from the upper Hudson valley nor from the Adiron¬ dack region. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 561 3 Steironema quadriflorum (Sims.) Hitchc. Trans. St Louis Acad. 5: 506. 1891 Prairie moneywort, linear-leaved loosestrife Lysimachia quadriflora Sims, Bot. Mag. pi. 660. 1803 L. longifolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 135. 1814 L. revoluta Nutt. Gen. 1: 122. 1818 S. revoluta and S', lanceolatum Raf., l.c. 193 On calcareous rocks. Western New York. Rare. Niagara Falls, Eddy, Cooper, Sarhvell (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 10. 1843); Eaton, Gray (state herbarium). TRIENTALIS L. Sp. PI. 344. 1753 Alsinanthemu m Thai.; Greene, Man. Bot. San Franc. Bay 238. 1894 I Trientalis borealis Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 354. 1808 Starflower, chickweed wintergreen T. europaea Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 220. 1803. Not L. 1753 T. americana Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 254. 1814 T. europaea var. angustifolia Torr. FI. U. S. 1 : 383. 1824 In damp woods, thickets and mossy swamps. Common throughout most sections of the State, although rare or absent in certain sec¬ tions of Long Island. Var. tenuifolia House, var. nov. Leaves 1-3 inches long, l/i to Ft inch wide, very thin in texture and long pointed or tapering at each end. Bergen swamp, Genesee county. Trientalis latifolia Hook., somewhat provisionally reported from the summit of Mount McIntyre (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 26. 1923), is probably not the T. latifolia, of western America. Additional collections of it made there in 1923 indicate that the leaves while strongly reticulate-veined, are only occasion¬ ally blunt-pointed like the single collection made there by Peck, and which seemed to correspond rather closely to the western species. ANAGALLIS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 148. 1753 Anagallis arvensis L., l.c. Red or scarlet pimpernel In waste places. Infrequent across the State south of the Adiron¬ dack region. Naturalized from Europe. DODECATHEON L. Sp. PI. 144. 1753 Meadia (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. abr. ed. 4. 1754 Dodecatheon Media L., l.c. Shooting star, American cowslip Meadia Dodecatheon Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. 1768 The only record for this State rests upon a specimen in the Sart- well herbarium, Hamilton College, plainly labelled as having beer collected by Sartwell, in Steuben county. 562 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Family 8 ARMERIACEAE Dumort. Comm. Bot. 61. 1822 (Plumbaginaceae Lindl. nat. Syst. ed. 2, 269. 1836) Plumbago family LIMONIUM (Tourn.) Mill. Gar. Diet. abr. ed. 4. 1754 S tat ice Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 15.52. 1798 1 Limonium Nashii Small; Blake, Rhodora 18: 61. pi. 118. f. D. 1916 Seaside lavender, marsh rosemary, cankerroot Calyx pubescent only at the base or on one or two of the ribs to the middle; calyx-lobes 1-1.7 mm long. Blake, Rhodora 25: 57. 1923, reports a single collection from Cedar Point, Long Island, /. Schrenk. Bayville, Nassau county, House. Var. trichogonum Blake, Rhodora 25: 58. 1923 Statice Limonium Bigelow, FI. Bost. 75. 1814. Not L. S. caroliniana Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 212. 1814. Not Walt. L. carolinianum of N. Y. reports L. trichogonum Blake, Rhodora 18: 61. pi. ng. f. E. 1916 The common rosemary of the salt marshes along the coastal dis¬ trict of the State, characterized by having the calyx densely pubes¬ cent to the middle or above, on all of the ribs. Forma albiflorum (Raf.) comb. nov. (S. caroliniana var. albiilora Raf. Med. Bot. 2: 94. 1830), with white flowers, occurs somewhat rarely on Long Island. 2 Limonium carolinianum (Walt.) Britton, var. angustatum (Gray) Blake, Rhodora 25: 56. 1923 Statice brasilinensis var. angustatum Gray, Syn. FI. 21 : 54. 1878 L. carolinianum Mohr, Contr. U. S. Nat. Flerb. 6: 663. 1901 Calyx entirely glabrous, its lobes 1 mm long or less. Blake (l.c.) cites a single collection from New Dorp, Staten Island, Pollard. Family 9 EBENACEAE Vent. Tabl. 2: 443. 1779 Ebony family DIOSPYROS L. Sp. PI. 1057. 1753 Diospyros virginiana L., l.c. Persimmon, Date plum Frequent on Long Island and Staten Island and in Westchester county along or near the shore of Long Island sound. Family 10 JASMINACEAE Desv. FI. Anjou. 187. 1827 (Oleaceae Lindl. 1830) Jasamine or olive family SYRINGA L. Sp. PI. 9. 1753 Syringa vulgaris L., l.c. Lilac Native of eastern Europe. Common in cultivation and frequently escaped to roadsides, etc., or long persistent in neglected grounds. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 563 FRAXINUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 1057. 1753 1 Fraxinus americana L. Sp. PI. 1057. 1753 White ash F. novae-anglicae Wangh. Beitr. Fachwiss. 51. 1781 F. alba Marsh. Arb. Am. 51. 1785 F. canadensis Wangh., l.c. 81 F. epiptera Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 256. 1803 F. juglandifolia Lam. Encycl. Meth. 2: 547. 1790 F. acuminata Lam. Diet. 2: 542. 1786 In rich woods, north shore of Long Island and on Staten Island, common northward and westward across the State, and in the Adiron¬ dack^, up to 2000 feet altitude, and rarely at higher altitudes. A form with the wing of the fruit extending nearly to the middle of the body, described as F. Smallii Britton, N. Am. Trees, 805. 1908, reported from near Rochester (Sargent, Man. 845. 1922), has the appearance of being a hybrid between F. americana and F. lanceolata. 2 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Arb. Am. 51. 1785 Darlington’s ash, Pennsylvania sharp-keyed ash F. Darlingtonii Britton, Man. 725. 1901 Hillsides and river banks or wet woods. Rare in central New York and the Hudson valley, increasingly frequent southward. Marshall’s name “ F. pennsylvanica ” has long been applied to the common red or green ash ; but that was called F . americana by Mar¬ shall, and for our white ash he used the name F. alba, and F . Penn¬ sylvania, he says 'that the samaras are “longer and narrower than any of the other kinds, almost terminating in a point at the base.” It is difficult to understand how this statement has so long been rec¬ onciled with the comparatively broad samaras of the red ash, es¬ pecially when the description and type locality of his F. pennsylvanica can apply to none other than what has more recently been called F. Darlingtonii. 3 Fraxinus Michauxii Britton, Man. ed. 2, 1075. 1905 Michaux’s ash F. tomentosa Michx. Arb. Am. Sept. 3: 112. in part. 1813 Described by Doctor Britton as native in the New York Botanical Garden. Distribution elsewhere in this State imperfectly known. Sargent regards it as a mere form of the Red Ash (F. pubescens). 4 Fraxinus pubescens Lam. Encycl. 2: 543. 1786 Red or black ash F. americana Marsh. Arb. Am. 50. 1785. Not L. F. novae-angliae DuRoi, Harb. Baumz. 1: 290. 1 772. Not Mill. 1768 F. nigra Pott, in DuRoi l.c. 398. Not Marsh. F . pubescens Walt.; Torr. FI. N. Y. 2 : 126. 1843 (inch pi. go, which is labelled F. concolor ) F. pennsylvanica of recent Floras & Manuals In moist soil, chiefly along streams. Frequent across the State outside of and chiefly south of the Adirondack region. Increasingly abundant southward. 564 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 5 Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh. Handb. Forstb. 826. 1800 Green or blue ash F. viridis Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 3: 115. pi. 10. 1813. ? Bose. 1811 F. pcnnsylvanica var. lancccilata Sargent, Silva 6 : 50. 1894 In moist soil, often along streams, and in low or wet woodlands. Frequent or common across the State, and extending farther north¬ ward and to higher altitudes in the mountainous sections of the State, than the preceding species, with which it is united by some au¬ thorities, and by others considered a variety of it. 6 Fraxinus profunda Bush; Britton, Man. 725. 1901 Pumpkin ash In swamps. Recorded from western New York (Sartwell) , but definite records have not been verified. 7 Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Arb. Am. 51. 1785 Black or brown ash, hoop ash F. sambucifolia Lam. Encycl. 2: 549. 1786 In swamps and wet woods. Common across the State northward, and westward to Lake Erie. Rare south of the Hudson highlands and recorded from only a few localities on western Long Island and Staten Island. Fraxinus americana and F. pubescens, especially, and the other species of ash to some extent are variable in regard to shape of leaf¬ lets, degree of pubescence, and especially in regard to the shape and size of the samaras. How far these differences may be correlated in the recognition of distinct forms or species is a perplexing problem. The investigation of the problem is complicated by an extraordi¬ nary number of imperfectly described species, proposed chiefly be¬ tween 1800 and 1836 by L. A. G. Bose and by Rafinesque, as well as by several other botanists. Bose (Mem. Instit. Fr. ix. 1808: 204. 1811) describes nearly a dozen species which appear to have com-e from the eastern states, and Rafinesque (Alsog. Am. 33-38) describes about twice that num¬ ber, and under Leptalix (New FI. 3: 93), increases the number greatly. LIGUSTRUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 7. 1753 Ligustrum vulgare L., l.c. Privet Common in cultivation and occasionally escaped or established in thickets and along roadsides, especially in southern New York. Native of Europe and Asia. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 565 CHIONANTHUS L. Sp. PL 8. 1753 Chionanthus virginica L., l.c. Fringe tree A shrub or small tree frequent in cultivation, and occasionally in the Hudson valley and southern New York, inclined to become established. Native from New Jersey southward. Family 11 SPIGELIACEAE Martius, Nov. Gen. 2, 2: 132 1827 LOGANIACEAE Dumort. Anal. Fam. 21. 1829 Logania family POLYPREMUM L. Sp. PI. hi. 1753 Polypremum procumbens L., l.c. Polypremum In dry sandy soil. Wading River, Long Island, E. S. Miller Torr. Club Bui. 4: 41. 1873. Probably adventive from the South. Family 12 GENTIANACEAE Desv. FI. Anjou. 184. 1827 Gentian family CENTAURIUM Hill, Brit. Herb. 62. 1756 Erythraea Neck. -Elem. 2 : 10. 1790 1 Centaurium Centaurium (L.) W. F. Wight, Contr. Nat. Herb. 11 : 449. 1906 European centaury, bitterherb, bloodwort Gentiana Centaurium L. Sp. PI. 229. 1753 E. Centaurium Pers. Syn. 1: 283. 1805 In fields and by roadsides or in waste places. Naturalized from Europe. First observed about the old fort grounds at Oswego, Aiken (Herb. Sartwell ; Beck, Bot. 242. 1833; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: hi. 1843; Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 116. 1865; Wiegand, Torr. Club Bui. 6: 70. 1906). Putnam county, Torrey, l.c. West and south of Oswego to Baldwinsville, House. Canal banks near Cartersville, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 23. 1910). Suggested by St John (Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 36: 90. 1921) that it may be native. Its spread from the old fort grounds does not so indicate. 2 Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce, FI. Oxf. 342. 1897 Branching centaury Gentiana pulchella Sw. Act. Holm. 1783: 84. /. 8, 9. 1783 G. ramosissima Vill. Hist. PI. Dauph. 2: 530. 1787 E. ramosissima Pers. Syn. 1 : 283. 1805 E. pulchella Fries, Novit. 74. 1828 E. Muhlenbergii Griseb. ; Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: in. 1843 In fields and waste places. Rare. Naturalized from Europe. Wet Meadows, Flushing, Torrey (l.c.) 566 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM SABBATIA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 503. 1763 1 Sabbatia angularis. (L.) Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 137. 1814 Bitterbloom, rose pink, square-stemmed sabbatia. Chironia angularis L. Sp. PI. 190. 175.3 In rich soil, often in thickets. Infrequent on Long Island and Staten Island and northward into Westchester county. Forma albiflora (Raf.) House comb. nov. (S. angularis var. albiflora Raf. Med. Bot. 2: 77. 1830), with white flowers, has not to my knowledge been observed in this State. 2 Sabbatia stellaris Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 137. 1814 Sea or marsh pink Chironia amoena Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 359. 1808. Not Salisb. C. stellata Muhl. Cat. ed. 2, 23. 1818 Common in most of the salt meadows along the coast in south¬ eastern New York. Forma albiflora Britton, (S. maritima Raf. Med. Bot. 2: 77. 1830), with white petals, these often with the yellow and rose colored eye or center, frequent. 3 Sabbatia campanulata (L.) Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 1 : 217. 1824 Slender marsh pink Chironia campanulata L. Sp. PI. 190. 1753 C. gracilis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 146. 1803 S. gracilis Salisb. Parad. Lond. pi. 32. 1806 In salt marshes, salt meadows and along brackish rivers. In¬ frequent along the south of Long Island and the bay side of Staten Island. 4 Sabbatia dodecandra (L.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 36. 1888 Large marsh pink Chironia dodecandra L. Sp. PI. 190. 1753 C. chloroides Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 147. 1803 S. chloroides Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 138. 1814 In sandy borders of ponds and along salt-marshes. Local or infrequent on Long Island and Staten Island. GENTIAN A (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 227. 1753 Subgenus Gentianella Section Crossopetalum Anthopogon Neck. Elem. 2: 12. 1790 Gentianella Moench. Meth. 482. 1794 Tretorrhiza Delarb. FI. Auv. ed. 2, 1 : 24. 1800 Den eke a Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 352. 1808 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 5 67 1 Gentiana crinita Froel. Gen. 112. 1796 Fringed gentian G. ciliala fl. americana L. Syst. 1 : 645. 175b G. fintbriata Andr. Bot. Repos. 509. 1797-1804 Gentianella crinita Bercht. & Presl, Rostl. i. Gent. 21 Anthopogon crinita Rat. FI. Tellur. 3: 25.. 1837 Denckea crinita Rat. Med. Repos. II. 5: 352. 1808 G. americana MacM. Met. Minn. 421. 1893 In moist woods and low meadows, margins of swamps and on wet slopes. Frequent, formerly common, across the State outside of the Adirondacks and Catskills. Very rare on Long Island and Staten Island. Forma albina Fernald, Rhodora 19: 152. 1917, with white flowers, occasional or rare. 2 Gentiana procera Holm, Ottawa Nat. 15 : 1 1. 1901 Smaller fringed gentian G. detonsa Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 108. 1843. Not Rottb. G. serrata A. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 349. 1889. Not Gunner On banks and rocks. Rare in the western part of the State. Wet limestone rocks, Goat Island, Niagara Falls, Barratt, Knei- skern; near Irondequoit Mills, Kneiskern (Torrey, l.c.). Paine (Cat. 189. 1865) gives the same localities and adds: “verge of bluffs along Lake Ontario west of Irondequoit bay and on shaded moist sides of ridges.” (See Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 85. 1896). Section A m a r e 1 1 a Amarella Gilib. FI. Lituan. 1: 36. 1781 Hippon F. W. Schmidt, FI. Boem. 2: 18. 1793 Eyrythalia Renealm. ex Borckh. in Roem. Arch. 1 : 28. 1796 Opsantha Delarb. FI. Auv. Ed. 2, x: 30. 1800 A 1 o i t i s Raf. FI. Tellur. 3: 21. 1837 Pogoblephis Raf., l.c. 26 Leimanisa Raf. New FI. 4: 93. 1838 3 Gentiana quinquefolia L. Sp. PI. 230. 1753 Stiff gentian, agueweed G. quinque flora Lam. Encycl. 2: 643. 1786 G. amarelloides Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 175. 1803 Aloitis quinque flora Raf. FI. Tellur. 3: 22. 1837 A. mesochroa & A. foliosa Greene, Leaflets 1: 94. 1904 In moist or dry soil, usually under some shade, often in open places. Frequent across the State south of and outside of the Adirondack region from Lake George and Washington county to Lewis and Jefferson counties, Lake Erie and southward to the Hud¬ son highlands and into Pennsylvania. Forma lutescens Fernald, Rhodora 19: 151. 1917, with yel¬ lowish-white corollas is rare. 568 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Subgenus Dasystephana Dasystephana (Renealmus) Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 502. 1763 Ciminalis Adans., l.c. 504; Raf. FI. Tellur. 3: 19. 1837 Pneumonanthe (Cordus) Gilib. FI. Lituan. 1: 38. 1781 Cut ter a Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 352. 1808 Diploma, Dasistepha, Gonipia, Xolemia Raf. FI. Tellur. 3: 19-23. 1837 Ericala G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 188. 1838. Not S. F. Gray 4 Gentiana puberula Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 176. 1803 Downy gentian Pneumonanthe puberula Greene, Leaflets 1: 71. 1904 Dasystephana puberula Small, FI. SE. U. S. 930. 1903 In moist meadows. Monroe and Erie counties, westward and southward. Rare. Buffalo, G. IV. Clinton (33d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 24. 1880), and in state herbarium. Bushnell’s Basin, Monroe county, Beck- with; Irondequoit bay (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 86. 1896; 5: 91. 1917). 5 Gentiana Saponaria L. Sp. PI. 228. 1753 Soapwort or blue gentian G. Catesbaei Walt. FI. Car. 109. 1788 G. pneumonanthe Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 176. 1803. Not L. Xolemia Catesbaei Raf. FI. Tellur. 3: 22. 1837 Pneumonanthe saponaria F. W. Schmidt, l.c. 10 Cuttera saponaria Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 352. 1808 Dasystephana saponaria Small, l.c. In moist or wet soil, usually in thickets or open woods. Frequent south of the Hudson highlands, and on Long Island and Staten Island. Rare northward and westward to Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartwell; and Greece, Monroe county, Bradley, (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 86. 1896). Fernakl ( Rhodora 19: 147-149. 1917) maintains G. Saponaria, G. clausa and G. Andrewsii as 3 distinct species. Material available from New York State has not convinced the writer that G. clausa is anything more than an earlier name for our common G. Andrewsii. 6 Gentiana clausa Raf. Med. 1 : 210. 1828 Closed blue or blind gentian G. Andrewsii Griseb. in Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 55. 1834 Xolemia clausa Raf. FI. Tellur. 3: 22. 1837 Dasystephana Andreivsii Small, l.c. D. clausa Heller, Cat. Ed. 3, 284. 1913 In moist soil of thickets and open places. Frequent northward and westward across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks, Southward to Westchester county and the north side of Long Island. Rare on Staten Island. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 569 Forma albiflora (Gray) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 18. 1923. ( G . Andrewsii var. albiflora Gray; G. Andrewsii forma albiflora Britton) is rare. Auburn, Holser. Salamanca, G. IV. Clinton. 7 Gentiana linearis Froel. Gent. 37. 1796 Narrow-leaved gentian G. saponaria Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 106. 1843 (excl. syn. L.) G. saponaria var. linearis Griseb. in Hook., l.c. 55 G. ritbricaulis Schw. in Keating’s Narr. Long Exp. 2: 384. 1834 Gonipia linearis Raf. FI. Tellur. 3: 24. 1837 Diploma hudsonica Raf., l.c. 27 Gentiana Torreyana Raf. Med. FI. 1: 212. 1828 Pneumonanthe linearis Greene, Leaflets 1: 71. 1904 Dasystephana linearis Britton, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 3: 13. 1913 In bogs and marshy places, low woods or mountain sides. Com¬ mon throughout the northern counties and the Adirondack region, to the summit of Mount Marcy, the Catskills of Ulster and Greene counties. Elsewhere rare or local. Forma Blanchardii Fernald, Rhodora 19: 152. 1917, with white corollas has been collected by Peck at Floodwood, Franklin county. 8 Gentiana Grayi Kusenezow, Act. Hort. Petrop. 13: 59. 1893 Gray’s gentian G. linearis var. latifolia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22 : 309. 1887 G. ritbricaulis Britton ’& Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 1. Not Schw. Dasystephana Grayi Britton in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 3: 13. 1913 Ranging from New Brunswick to western Ontario, Michigan and Minnesota. Not definitely known from New York, but reported from “ central New York ” by Britton & Brown. Gentiana villosa L. (G. ochroleuca Froel., G. saponaria Michx. not L., D. villosa Small) is credited to New York by Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2: 107. 1843), but the Sartwell specimen cited is G. saponaria. The Long Island collection by Eddy which is also cited is not known to be in existence, and the species probably does not reach New York in its distribution. FRASERA Walt. FI. Car. 87. 1788 Frasera carolinensis Walt., l.c. American columbo F. Waltcri Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 67. 1803 F. verticillata Raf. Med. FI. 1 : 196. 1828 In rather dry soil of open woods and meadows. Infrequent or rare from Ontario, Monroe and Livingston counties, westward and southward. Banks of the Genesee river, Hadley; East Bloomfield, Ontario county, Sartwell; Penfield, Monroe county, Holser, Booth; south of Moscow, Livingston county, Bradley (Paine, Cat. 116. 1865). 570 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Allen’s creek, Mrs Ross; Geneseo, Baxter; Avon, Dezving (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 23. 1910). Sonyea, Livingston county, Killip. HALENIA Borck. in Roem. Arch. 1 : 25. 1796 Tetragonanthus S. G. Gmel. FI. Sib. 4: 114, Hyponym. 1769 Halenia deflexa (J. E. Smith) Griseb. in Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 67. pi. 155. 1834 Spurred gentian Swertia deflexa J. E. Smith, in Rees’ Cyclop. No. 8. 1816 S', corniculata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 97. 1803. Not L. S', americana Spreng. Syst. 1: 861. 1825 S’. Michauxiana R. & S. Syst. 6 : 130. 1820 Halenia Michauxiana G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 177. 3838 H. brentoniana Griseb., l.c. Tetragonanthus deflexus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 431. 1891 In moist woods and thickets. Rare in the northern part of the State southward to Sullivan county. Borders of small lakes in northern part of the State, Hadley (Tor- rey, FI. N. Y. 2 : no. 1843). Trenton Falls, Haberer, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 67: 34. 1903). Newport, Herkimer county, G. S. Graves. Cochecton, Sullivan county, Joseph Schrenk (Torr. Club Bui. 14: 200. 1887). Fairfield, Herkimer county, Hadley (Herb. Beck). Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. BARTONIA Muhl. ; Willd. Neu-e Schrift. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin 3: 444. 1801 Centaurella Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 97. 1803. Not Delarb. 1S00. Centau rium Pers. Syn. 1 : 137. 1805 Andre wsia Spreng. Anleit. 1 : 474. 1817 ; Syst. 1 : 428. 1825 1 Bartonia virginica (L.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 36. 1888 Yellow bartonia, screwstem Sagina virginica L. Sp. PI. 128. 1753 B. tenella Willd., l.c. Centaurium autumnale Pers., l.c. Centaurella autumnalis Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. no. 1814 B. paniculata Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 170. 1818 Andrewsia autumnalis Spreng., l.c. In moist soil and mossy boggy depressions, chiefly in sandy regions. Locally common from Washington and Saratoga counties westward to Lake Ontario and across the Ontario lowlands, southward to Long Island and Staten Island. 2 Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Muhl., Bigel. FI. Bost. 34. 1814, as syn. • — Robinson, Rhodora 10: 35. 1908 Branched bartonia Centaurella paniculata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 96. 1803 Andrewsia paniculata Spreng, Anleit. 474. 1817 B. Moseri Steud. & Hochst. ; Griseb. Gent. 308. 1839 B. lanceolata Small. FI. SE. U. S. 932. 1903 In wet sandy soil. Rare on Long Island. Reported from Smith- field, Suffolk county and from Forbell’s Landing, Hulst. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 571 3 Bartonia iodantha Robinson, Bot. Gaz. 26 : 46-48. 1898 Purplish-flowered bartonia Reported from Long Island, Bicknell (Torr. Club Bui. 42: 33. 1915) • Family 13 MENYANTH ACEAE G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 167. 1838 Buckbean family MENYANTHES (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 145. 1753 Menyanthes trifoliata L., l.c. Buckbean, marsh trefoil M. verna Raf. Med. Bot. 2: 33. 1830 In bogs. Common northward and in central New York. Less frequent westward and southward, and rare on Long Island and Staten Island. TRACHYSPERMA Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5 : 352. 1808 Villarsia J. F. Gmel. Syst. 447. 1791. Not Necker, 1790 Limnanthemum & Nymphoides, Authors, in part. Not as to types Trachysperma lacunosa (Vent.) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 233_234 : 66. 1922 Floating heart Villarsia lacunosa Vent.- Choix des Plantes, 9. 1803 Limnanthemum lacunosum Griseb. Gent. 347. 1839 V. cordata Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 230. 1817 Nymphoides lacunosum Ivuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 429. 1891 In ponds and lakes. Infrequent or locally abundant but irregularly and widely distributed throughout the State. Wading River, Long Island, E. S. Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 2? 37. 1871) ; Peck. Babylon, /. S'. Merriam (Torr. Club Bui. 3: 2. 1872). Oneida lake, Kneiskern (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 117. 1865). Beaver lake, Tract No. 4, Lewis county, B. D. Gilbert (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 362. 1879). Sandlake, Rensselaer county, Aiken (Sart- well herbarium), Beck, Peck. Fourth lake, Herkimer county; Lake Harris, Essex county, House. Family 14 APOCYNACEAE Desv. FI. Anjou. 188. 1827 Dogbane family AMSONIA Walt. FI. Car. 98. 1788 Amsonia Amsonia (L.) Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 262. 1894 Amsonia Tabernaemontana Amsonia L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 308. 1762 Amsonia Tabernaemontana Walt., l.c. A. latifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 121. 1803 A. salicifolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 184. 1814 572 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Edge of woods, Valley Stream, Long Island, Frank H. Ames, June 5, 1915. The only New York record for this southern species. VINCA L. Sp. PI. 209. 1753 Vinca minor L., l.c. Periwinkle, myrtle In woods, along roadsides and in old or neglected yards. Common in most sections of the State outside of the mountains. Naturalized from Europe. APOCYNUM L. Sp. 213. 1753 1 Apocynum androsaemifolium L., l.c. Spreading dogbane A. divergens Greene, Leaflets 1: 56. 1904 In fields and thickets. Common throughout the State, and in the Adirondacks to above 2500 feet altitude. 2 Apocynum medium Greene, Pittonia 3: 29. 1897 Intermediate dogbane A. speciosum G. S. Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 13: 83. 1899 In fields, on hillsides and borders of woods and thickets. Infre¬ quent or locally common across the State outside of the Adirondack and Catskill mountains and north of the coastal plain. 3 Apocynum Milleri Britton, Man. 739. 1901 Miller’s dogbane In rather dry, frequently sandy soil. Infrequent in the eastern and southern parts of the State. 4 Apocynum cannabinum L. Sp. PI. 213. 1753 Indian hemp, armyroot A. cannabinum glaberrimum DC. Prodr. 8: 439. 1844 A. nemoralc G. S. Miller, l.c. 87 A. urceolifcr G. S. Miller, l.c. A. itliacense Greene, Leaflets 2: 170. 1912 A. proccrum Greene, l.c. 169 In fields and thickets. Frequent or common across the State outside of the higher mountains. A variable species in respect to size of flowers, branching of the inflorescence, pubescence of the stems and leaves and in the shape of the leaves. Among the many species proposed by Doctor Greene, the following apparently also belong here: A. isophyllum, A. platyspermum and A. sarniense. In addition to these, A. nemoralc glabrum Beg. & Bel. Monogr. Apocynum hi. 1913, is based upon a collection from Oneida, collected by Mrs S. A. Max on. Sartwell’s specimen from Penn Yan (National herbarium) is referred to A. pscudintermedium Beg. & Bel. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 573 5 Apocynum sibericum Jacq. Hort. Vind. 3 : 37. pi. 66. 1776 Clasping-leaved dogbane A. hypericifolium Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 304. 1789 A. cannabinmn var. hypericifolium Gray, Man. 365. 1848 A. album Greene, Pittonia 3: 230. 1897 A. littorale Greene, Leaflets 2: 1 7 1 . 1912 A. subuligcrum Greene, l.c. In stony, gravelly or sandy places, chiefly along streams and shores of lakes and ponds. Common across the State northward. Less frequent or rare westward to Lake Erie and southward to the north shore of Long Island. 6 Apocynum pubescens R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. 1: 68. 1811 Velvet dogbane A. cannabinmn var. pubescens DC. Prodr. 8: 440. 1844 In dry sandy soil. Frequent on the coastal plain of Long Island. Locally inland at Sanquoit, Oneida county, Haberer 3554. Family 15 ASCLEPIADACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 302. 1836 Milkweed family ASCLEPIAS L. Sp. PI. 214. 1753 1 Asclepias tuberosa L., l.c. 217 Butterflyweed, pleurisy-root In dry fields and roadsides. Frequent across the State outside of the higher Adirondack's, but rare or absent from most of the upper Delaware and Susquehanna watersheds. Common on Long Island and Staten Island. 2 Asclepias purpurascens L. Sp. PI. 214. 1753 Purple milkweed A. amoena Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 11S. 1803, and probably also L. Sp. PI. 214- 1753 In dry fields and roadsides. Frequent across the State outside of the State, northward to Rensselaer, Saratoga and Schenecthdy counties, and westward to central New York. Perhaps of wider distribution in the State westward but definite records are lacking. 3 Asclepias incarnata L. Sp. PI. 215. 1753 Swamp milkweed In swamps and along shores of streams, lakes and ponds. Com¬ mon northward throughout most sections of the State, but rare on Long Island, north shore only, and south of the Hudson highlands. 574 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 4 Asclepias pulchra Ehrh. ; Willd. Sp. PI. i: 1267. 1798 Hairy swamp milkweed A. incarnata var. pulchra Pers. Syn. 1: 276. 1805 A. maritima Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 119. 1817 In moist fields and swamps. Common on Long Island and Staten Island. Less frequent northward to Putnam and Orange counties. Forma albiflora House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 61. 1923, with white flowers. Clove lake swamp, Staten Island, Hollick (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 294. 1879). 5 Asclepias amplexicaulis J. E. Smith, Georgia Insects 1 : 13. pi. 7. 1797 Blunt-leaved milkweed A. purpurascens Walt. FI. Car. 105. 1788. Not L. A. obtusifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 115, 1803 In dry fields, usually in sandy soil. Common across the State from Essex county to Jefferson county and Lake Erie and south¬ ward. Asclepias Bicknellii Vail, Torr. Club Bui. 31 : 458. 1904, from Van Cortlandt Park, New York City, is intermediate between A. amplexicaulis and A. exaltata, and is probably a hybrid. Asclepias intermedia Vail, l.c. 459, from Lawrence, Long Island, Bickncll, is intermediate between A. amplexicaulis and A. syriaca, and is doubtless a hybrid between those two species. A similar plant found near Albany, corresponds to this except that the purple flowers suggest A. purpurascens as one of the hybrid parents. 6 Asclepias exaltata (L. ) Muhl. Cat. 28. 1813 Poke 01 tall milkweed A. syriaca var. exaltata L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 313. 1762 A. phytolaccoides Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 180. 1814 In thickets and woods. Infrequent from Washington county west¬ ward to Lake Erie and southward. Rare on the north side of Long Island, occasional on the south side, and on Staten Island. 7 Asclepias variegata L. Sp. PI. 217. 1753 White milkweed In dry woods and thickets. Infrequent or rare in the southeastern part of the State, and not reported from north of Westchester county. 8 Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq. Obs. PI. 2 : 8 .pi 33. 1767 Four-leaved milkweed A. vanilla Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 4: 40. 1S18 In woods and thickets, usually in dry soil. Frequent across the State from Rensselaer county to Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, south¬ ward to Staten Island and the north side of Long Island. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 575 9 Asclepias syriaca L. Sp. PI. 214. 1753 Common fragrant milkweed, silk weed A. jragrans Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 354. 1808 A. Cornuti Dec. in DC. Prodr. 8: 564. 1844; Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 119. 1843 In fields and waste places. Common throughout the State, except in the Adirondacks, where it is found only in open places chiefly below 2000 feet altitude, and often appearing there as elsewhere like an introduced weed species. 10 Asclepias verticillata L. Sp. PI. 217. 1753 Whorled milkweed In dry fields and on hills. Occasional on Long Island and Staten Island, but rare or lacking in the pine-barrens. Locally northward to Albany and Schenectady counties, and westward to Monroe and Erie counties. ACERATES Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1 : 316. 1817 Polyotus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) 5: 199. 1834 Acerates viridiflora (Raf.) Ell., l.c. 317. Green milkweed Asclepias viridiflora Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 360. 1808 Polyotus heterophyllus Nutt., l.c. Asclepias lanceolata Ives, Am. Jour. Sci. 1 : 252. 1819 Gomphocarpus viridiflorus Decr.e, in DC. Prodr. 8: 561. 1844 In dry sandy or rocky soil. Frequent or common on Long Island and Staten Island. Unknown in the Bronx. Rare in Ulster county, Taylor. CYNANCHUM L. Sp. PI. 212. 1753 1 Cynanchum nigrum (L.) Pers. Syn. 1; 274. 1805 Black swallowwort Asclepias nigra L. Sp. PI. 216. 1753 Vincetoxicum nigrum Moench, Meth. 317. 1794 In waste places. Escaped from gardens, chiefly in the southeastern part of the State. Rare northward and westward in the State. Native of Europe. 2 Cynanchum Vincetoxicum (L.) Pers. l.c. White swallowwort Asclepias vincetoxicum L. Sp. PI. 216. 1753 V. officinale Moench, Meth. 317. 1794 In waste places. Escaped from cultivation and established near Rochester. Native of Europe. 576 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PERIPLOCA L. Sp. PI. 211. 1753 Periploca graeca L., l.c. Silk vine Reported as established near Rochester, Sartwell ( in Sartwell herbarium and Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 1x8. 1865), but not recently collected as an escape in this State. Native of Europe. Family 16 CONVOLVULACEAE Vent. Tabl. 2: 394. 1799 Morning-glory family IPOMOEA L. Sp. PI. 159. 1753 Subgenus Quamoclit Qua mod it (Tourn.) Moench, Meth. 453. 1794 1 Ipomoea Quamoclit L. Sp. PI. 159. 1753 Cypress vine, Indian pink Q. vulgaris Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 9: 336. 1845 Q. Quamoclit Britton, in Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. 3: 22. 1898 A rare adventive on ballast or rarely in waste places in south¬ eastern New York. Rarely long persistent. Native of tropical America. 2 Ipomoea coccinea L., l.c. 160 Small red morning-glory I. hcdcraefolia L. Syst. Ed. 10, 925. 1759 Q. coccinea Moench, l.c. In waste places and very rarely in thickets and along stream banks. An infrequent or rare escape from cultivation in southeastern New York. Native of tropical America. Subgenus Euipomoea Section P h a r b i t i s N i 1 Medicus in Staatw. Vorles. Churpf. Phys.-Qak. Ges. 1 : 210. 1791 Convolvuloides Moench, Meth. 45.1. 1794 Pharbitis Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 6: 438. 1833 3 Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 466. 1791 Morning-glory Convolvulus purpureus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 219. 1762 Pharbitis purpurea Voigt, Hort. Sub. Calcutta 354. 1845 In waste places. Commonly escaped from gardens especially in southern New York, rare northward as an escape and nowhere long persistent. Native of tropical America. 4 Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. Icon. Rar. pi jd. 1781 Ivy-leaved morning-glory Pharbitis hederacea Choisy, l.c. 440 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 577 In fields and waste places, especially in the southern part of the State. Rare northward to Albany, Oneida and Erie counties, usually as an escape from cultivation, and probably nowhere long persistent in our latitude. Native of tropical America. Section Batatas Batatas Choisy, Conv. Rar. 127. 1837 5 Ipomoea pandurata (L.) Meyer, Prim. FI. Esseq. 100. 1818 Wild potato vine Convolvulus panduratus L. Sp. PI. 153. 1753 C. ciliolatus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 139. 1803 I. ciliosa Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 146. 1814 C. candicans Soland ; Sims, Bot. Mag. pi. 1603. 1813 In dry soil in fields or on hills. Infrequent or rare on Long Island and Staten Island and northward into Westchester county. In western New York from Monroe county, westward and south¬ ward (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 24. 1910). CONVOLVULUS L. Sp. PI. 153. 1753 Calystegia R. Br. Prodr. 483. 1810 1 Convolvulus spithamaeus L., l.c. Upright or low bindweed C. stans Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 136. 1803 Calystegia spithamaeus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 143. 1814 Convolvulus campormn Greene, Pittonia 3: 328. 1898 In dry sandy or rocky fields and thickets. Locally common across the State northward, chiefly outside of the Adirondacks, to Lake Champlain, Michaux; Tahawas, Essex county, House, and St Lawrence county; Mrs 0. P. Phelps. Locally frequent southward in the State, chiefly outside of calcareous soils. 2 Convolvulus japonicus Tliunb. FI. Jap. 85. 1784 Japanese bindweed In fields and waste places, often along fence rows and roadsides. Locally abundant as a weed, escaped from cultivation or introduced with seed. Native of Japan. 3 Convolvulus Sepium L. Sp. PI. 153. 1753 Fledge or great bindweed Calystegia Sepium, R. Br., l.c. In thickets and waste places, along fence rows and roadsides. Doubtless in part native and attempts have been made to distinguish 578 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM between the indigenous and the introduced forms. Common in most sections of the State outside of the higher Adirondacks. Doctor Greene (Pittonia 3: 382. 1898) attempts to distinguish the native form under the name of Convolvulus americanus (Sims) Greene ( C . Sepium var. americanus Sims, Bot. Mag. pi. 732. 1804). 4 Convolvulus repens L. Sp. PI. 153. 1753 Trailing hedge bindweed Calystegia Sepium var. maritima G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 296. 1838 Calystegia pubescens Lindl. Bot. Reg. 42. 1846 Convolvulus Sepium var. pubescens Fernald, Rhodora 10: 55. 1908 On sandy hanks and thickets, or in moist margins of marshes along or near the coast, especially on Long Island and Staten Island. Locally inland to Shushan, Washington county, Dobbin (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 94: 21. 1905). 5 Convolvulus arvensis L. Sp. PI. 153. 1753 Small bindweed In fields and waste places, often along railroads and highways. Locally common in many sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. Family 17 CUSCUTACEAE Dumort, Anal. Fam. 20. 1829 Dodder family CUSCUTA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 124. 1753* Subgenus Succuta Succuta Des Moulins, Etud. Org. Cusc. 74. 1853 Schrebera L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 1662. 1763 Epithymum Opiz. Seznam 40. 1852 1 Cuscuta epithymum Murray, in L. Syst. ed 13, 140. 1774 Thyme dodder, lesser lucerne or clover dodder C. Trifolii Bab. Phytol. 1: 467. 1843 Infrequent or rare in New York, and usually on clover. Introduced from Europe. Pecksport, Madison county, House 6367. Cuscuta europaea L. Sp. PI. 124. 1753. A very rare adventive in the United States, has not been reported from New York State. 2 Cuscuta epilinum Weihe, Arch, des Apothek. Nord. Deutschl. 8: 50-51. 1824 Flax dodder C. densiflora Soyen-Willem. Act. Soc. Linn. Paris 4: 281. 1826 * Specimens in the state herbarium determined by Dr T. J. Yuncker. Ar¬ rangement adapted from Doctor Yuncker’s monograph of genus Cuscuta, 1921 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 579 On flax (Linum) and like the host, introduced from Europe. Formerly rather frequent, but as the cultivation of flax has declined in this State, the flax-dodder is now rarely seen. Subgenus Grammica G r a m m i c a Loureiro, FI. Cochinc. i : 170. 1790 Lepidanche Engelm. Am. Jour. Sci. 43: 343. pi. 6. 1842 Engelmannia Pfeiffer, Bot. Zeit. 3: 673. 1845. 3 Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. Am. Jour. Sci. 43: 340. pi. 6. f. 22-24. 1842 Field dodder C. arvensis Beyrich, in Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 77. 1838, as syn., without descr. C. pentagona microcalyx Engelm., l.c. 45: 76. 1845 C. arvensis pentagona Engelm. Trans. St Louis Acad. 1 : 494. 1859 On various herbs and shrubs. Rare. On Aster linariifolius, Cedarhurst, Long Island, /. A. Bisky (Torr. Club Bui. 14: 13. 1887). Rockland county, C. F. Austin (N. Y. State Mus. Rep’t 23: 50. 1872). 4 Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm. Am. Jour. Sci. 43 : 336. pi. 6. f. 1-6. 1842 Button-bush dodder C. tenuiflora Engelm. in Gray, Man. 350. 1848 On shrubs and tall herbs. Rare. Union Springs, Cayuga lake, on Mentha piperita. Dudley (41st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 57. 1888). Cayuga lake, Wiegand. Whitehall, Washington county, on Aster and Salix, Peck. 5 Cuscuta coryli Engelm. Am. Jour. Sci. 43: 337. pi. 6. f. 7-1 1. 1842 Haxel dodder C. compacta crenulata Choisy, in DC. Prodr. g: 459. 1845 C. inflexa Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 1: 502. 1859 C. umbrosa Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 99. 1843. Not Beyrich On hazel and other shrubs and tall herbs. Rare but widely distributed across the State. Western New York, Gray, Engelmann (Torrey, l.c.). Youngs¬ town, Niagara county, 1864, D. F. Day & G. W . Clinton; Salamanca, Clinton (19th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 200. 1866). Staten Island, Burnham. Washington county, Burnham. Ithaca, Dudley. Staten Island, Suffolk county and near Peekskill, W. H. Leggett (Torr. Club Bui. 2: 36. 1871). Long Beach, Nassau county, House. 6 Cuscuta Gronovii Willd. in R. & S. Syst. 6: 205. 1820 Goldthread vine C. americana L. Sp. PI. 124. 1753, in part C. umbrosa Beyrich, in Hook., l.c. 78, in part 19 580 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Var. vulgivaga Engelm. Trans. St Louis Acad, i: 508. 1859 C. vulgivaga Engelm. Am. Jour. Sci. 43: 338. pi. 6. f. 12-16. 1842 C. polyantha Shuttlew. & C. umbrosa Engelm., in Trans. St Louis Acad. 1: 508. 1859, as syn. On herbs and low shrubs. Occasional on Long Island and Staten Island. Increasingly common northward and westward across the State. The only common species of dodder in this State. Var. latifolia Engelm. Trans. St Louis Acad. 1 : 508. 1859. (C. Saururi Engelm. Am. Jour. 1 Sci. 43: 339. pi. 6. f. 17-21. '1842), with calyx lobes nearly as long as or equalling the shallowly com- panuate corolla, the lobes of which equal the tube, is known from New Jersey westward and southward, and is to be looked for in the southern part of New York. 7 Cuscuta compacta Juss. ; Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 9 : 281. pi. 4. f. 2. 1841 Compact dodder ? C. acaulis Raf. Ann. Nat. 1: 13. 1820 C. remotiflora Bertoloni, Misc. Bot. 10: 29. 1842 Lepidanche adpressa Engelm. Am. Jour. Sci. 45: 77. 1843 On shrubs. Rare across the southern part of the State. Lake Mohegan, Westchester county, Leggett (Torr. Club Bui. 2 : 36. 1871). Tottenville, Staten Island, Rollick & Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 9: 150. 1882). Family 18 POLEMONIACEAE DC. FI. Fr. 3: 645.’ 1805 Phlox family PHLOX L. Sp. PI. 151. 1753 A r m e r i a L. ; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 432. 1891 1 Phlox paniculata L., l.c. Garden phlox In woods and thickets and often along roadsides and persistent in old or neglected grounds. Native from Pennsylvania southward and westward. Naturalized northward to central and eastern New York. In cultivation consisting of many races differing in leaf form, size and color of the flowers and in pubescence. 2 Phlox maculata L., l.c. 152 Wild sweet william P. pyramidalis Sm. Exot. 2 : 87. 1804 P. reflexa Sweet, Br. FI. Gard. 232. 1823-29 P. pendulifora Sweet, l.c. Ser. II, 46. 1831-38 In moist woods and along streams. Frequent from southeastern New York southward and westward. Frequently cultivated and naturalized or escaped northward to Essex county and westward to Lewis county and Lake Erie. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 581 Var. Candida Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 143. 1803 P. suaveolens Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 206. 1789 A race with white or very pale blue flowers and unspotted stems, often occurring with the typical form of the species, or sometimes alone. 3 Phlox divaricata L., l.c. 152 Wild blue phlox P. americana Sweet, Br. FI. Gard. 221. 1823-29 P. glutinosa Buckl. Am. Jour. Sci. 45: 177. 1844 In moist or rocky woods. Frequent or locally common across the State outside of and chiefly south of the Adirondacks, southward to Greene and Glster counties and westward to Lake Erie, but apparently absent from most sections of the Delaware, Susquehanna and Chemung watersheds in New York. Forma albiflora forma nova, with white flowers. Near Adams, Jefferson county, House. 4 Phlox subulata L. Sp. PI. 152. 1753 Ground or moss pink In dry sandy or rocky soil. Frequent or occasional on the south side of Long Island, on Staten Island and in Van Cortlandt Park, elsewhere rare northward to the Hudson highlands. Locally abundant northward across the State outside of the higher mountains, chiefly as an escape from cultivation and often a common plant in old or neglected cemeteries, where if the soil is sandy or sterile it spreads rapidly. Forma candidula House, with white flowers, occurs rarely. Phlox pilosa L., l.c. occurs in northern New Jersey and at one locality in Connecticut, but has not been reported from New York. GILIA R. & P. Prodr. FI. Per. 47. 1798 There are no native species of this genus in New York. Gilia rubra (L.) Heller ( Gilia coronopifolia Pers.), of the middle western states is reported as an escape from cultivation in Westchester county. Gilia achillaefolia Benth., and Gilia capitata Dough, natives of the Pacific coast states, have been collected as waifs near New York City. POLEMONIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 162. 1753 I Polemonium Vanbruntiae Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 19: 224. 1892 American Jacob’s ladder P. coeruleum Gray, Man. ed. 4, App. xcvi. 1863. Not L., 1753 In swamps and along streams. Rare or local from Ulster and Delaware counties westward to Schoharie, Chenango, Tioga, Herkimer and Madison counties. 582 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Borders of marsh, 3 miles east of Charlotteville, Schoharie county, E. C. Horve (Gray, l.c. & Torr. Club Bui. 26: 251. 1899). Dela¬ ware county, near Delhi, B. D. Gilbert; Meredith, Delaware county, Gilbert (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 188., 115. 1865). Abundant in alder swamps and bogs, McDonough and Preston, Chenango county, Coville (Torr. Club Bui. 12: 53. 1885). Balsam lake, Ulster county, Mrs Van Brunt (Torr. Club Bui. 15: 328. 1888). Herkimer county, Clinton. Tioga near Apalachin, C. D. Frets. Warren, Herkimer county, House. Peterboro, Madison county, House. 2 Polemonium reptans L. Syst. ed. 10, No. 1. 1759 Greek valerian, bluebell In woods. Infrequent in southern and western New York. Tioga county, Millspaugh (Torr. Club Bui. 14: 184. 1887). Cattaraugus county, Bradley (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 94. 1843). Sparingly in the Susquehanna valley and Chemung vall-ey, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 76. 1898). Near Log pond, Caledonia, Livingston county, Vollertsen & Beckzvith (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 92. 1917). Buffalo, Day (PI. Buffalo 59. 1883). COLLOMIA Nutt. Gen. 1 : 126. 1818 Collomia linearis Nutt., l.c. Narrow-leaved collomia Gilia linearis Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 223. 1882 Navarretia linearis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 432. 1891 Lime Lake, Cattaraugus county, F. E. Fenno (53d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 837. 1900). Perhaps adventive from the West. Family 19 HYDROPHYLLACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 271. 1836 Waterleaf family HYDROPHYLLUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 146. 1753 [ Hydrophyllum virginianurri L,, l.c. Virginia waterleaf In moist woods and thickets, sometimes in open places. Frequent or common across the State northward. Less frequent south of the Hudson highlands and rare on Staten Island. Reported from Long Island. 2 Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 134. 1803 Appendaged waterleaf H. trilobum Raf. FI. Ludov. 33. 1817 Nemophila paniculata Spreng. Syst. 1 : 569. 1825 Decemimn hirtum Raf. Med. FI. 2: 215. 1820 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 583 In woods, usually near or along streams. Rare from Oneida county westward. Flats of the Mohawk river near Utica, Miss J. E. Johnson; Parma, Monroe county, Bradley (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 114. 1865). Greece and near Rochester, Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. Sci. 3 : 86. 1896) . 3 Hydrophyllum canadense L. Syst. ed. 10, 919. 1759 Broad-leaved waterleaf In woods, usually in rich moist soil, or sometimes in moist soil along streams. Frequent or somewhat local across the State north¬ ward outside of the higher Adirondacks and southward to the Hudson highlands. Very rare in the Hudson valley and also in the Delaware and Susquehanna watersheds. Increasingly frequent in central New York and the highlands of central and western New York, westward to Lake Erie. NYCTELEA Scop. Introd. 775. 1777. Macrocalyx Trew. Act. Nat. Cur. 2: 330-332. pi. 7. f. 1. 1761. Hyponym. Ellisia L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 1662. 1763. Not P. Br. 1756, not L. Syst. ed. 10, 1759 Nyctelea Nyctelea (L.) Britton; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 3: 67. 1913 Nyctelea Ipomoca Nyctelea L. Sp. PI. 160. 1753 P olemonium Nyctelea L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 231. 1762 Ellisia Nyctelea L„ l.c., 1662. 1763 E. ambigua Nutt. Gen. 1: 118. 1818 Macrocalyx Nyctelea Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 434. 1891 Chiefly south and west of our borders, but reported by Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 519. 1915), from Port Washington, near New York City. PHACELIA fuss.; J. F. Gmel. Syst. 330. 1791 Phacelia dubia (L.) Trelease; in Trelease, Branner & Coville, Ann. Rep’t Geol. Surv. Ark. 1888, 4: 205. 1891 Small-flowered phacelia P olemonium dubium L. Sp. PI. 163. 1753 Phacelia parviflora Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 140. 1814 In moist soil, Jamesville, Onondaga county, Mrs L. L. H. Goodrich (Torreya 3: 191. 1903; N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 94: 40. 1905; 75: 19- I9°4) • 584 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Family 20 BORAGINACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 274. 1836 Ehretiaceae Schrad. Diss. Asperif. 20. 1820 Borage family HELIOTROPXUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 130. 1753 1 Heliotropium europaeum L., l.c. European heliotrope In waste places, especially about New York City and rarely else¬ where. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. 2 Heliotropium curassavicum L., l.c. Seaside heliotrope Rare as a ballast weed about New York City. Native on sandy seashores from Delaware southward. 3 Heliotropium indicum L., l.c. 134 Indian heliotrope Occasional as a ballast weed about New York City. Native of Asia. 4 Heliotropium peruvianum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 187. 1762 Peruvian heliotrope Rare as a ballast weed near New York City. Native of South America. CYNOGLOSSUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 134. 1753 1 Cynoglossum officinale L., l.c. Hound’s tongue, gipsy flower In fields and waste places. Frequent or abundant in most sec¬ tions of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Cynoglossum boreale Fernald, Rhodora 7: 250. 1905 Northern wild comfrey C. virginianum Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 89. 1843, as to N. Y. plant. Not L. 1753 Woods and banks. Frequent or local across the State northward, but not reported from the Adirondacks. West Fort Ann. Washington county, Burnham (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 1 16 : 23. 1907). Vernon, Oneida county, Douglass, Kneiskern; Yates county, Sartwell; Greece, Monroe county, Bradley (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 114. 1865). Springwater, Livingston county, Matthews & White (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 92. 1917). Several localities in Tompkins county, not common, Dudley (Cayuga FI. 64. 1886). 3 Cynoglossum virginianum L. Sp. PI. 134. 1753 Southern wild comfrey C. amplexicaule Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 132. 1803 Reported from, but doubtful, on Long Island, Taylor. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 585 LAPPULA (Rivin.) Moench, Meth. 416. 1794 Echinospermum Sw. ; Lehm. Asperif . 1 13. 1818 Hackelia Opiz; Berchtold, FI. Boehm. 22; 146. 1839 Cynoglossospermum [Siegesb. 1736] Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 436. 1891 1 Lappula Lappula (L.) Karst. Deutsch. FI. 979. 1882 European stickseed, burseed Myosotis Lappula L. Sp. PI. 131. 1753 L. echinata Gilib. FI. Lithuan. 1: 25. 1781 L. myosotis Moench, l.c. 417 E. Lappula Lehm., l.c. 121 Rochelia Lappula R. & S. Syst. 4: 109 C. Lappula Kuntze, l.c. In waste places and in old fields. Frequent or common in most parts of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Lappula virginiana (L.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 182. 1891 Virginia stickseed Myosotis virginiana L. Sp. PI. 131. 1753 E. Morisoni DC. Prodr. 10: 155. 1846 E. virginicum Lehm., l.c. 120 Rochelia virginiana R. & S., l.c. 108 C. virginicum Kuntze, l.c. Hackelia virginiana Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. 68 : 45. 1923 In dry woods and thickets. Frequent or common across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks, and southward to the north side of Long Island and on Staten Island. MERTENSIA Roth, Catal. Bot. 1 : 34. 1797 Cerinthodes [Ludwig, 1737] Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 436. 1891 Mertensia virginica (L.) Link, Handb. 1 : 580. 1829 Virginia cowslip, tree lungwort, roanoke bells Pulmonaria virginica L. Sp. PI. 135. 1753 M. pulmonarioides Roth, l.c. Pneuviaria virginica Hill, Veg. Syst. 7: 40. 1764 Cerinthodes virginicum Kuntze, l.c. In low meadows and in rich alluvial soil, in shaded or open places along streams, central New York south to Tioga county and west¬ ward. Infrequent or rare along the eastern part of its range in Oneida, Chenango, Otsego and Tioga counties. Recorded from near Albany by Eaton, but not since collected in the eastern part of the State. Pneumaria maritima (L.) Hill ( Mertensia maritima (L.) S.F. Gray), has been reported from Long Island, but definite records of its occurence ther« are lacking. 586 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM AMSINCKIA Lehm. Del. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 7. 1831 Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2: 26. 1836 Adventive on eastern Long Island and on Nantucket Island. Native of the western states. Other species of this genus have been reported as waifs in the eastern states and may be looked for in this State. ASPERUGO (Tourn.) L. Sp. PL 138. 1753 Asperugo procumbens L., l.c. German madwort, catchweed In waste places and on ballast on Long Island and Staten Island, rarely elsewhere. Native of Europe. MYOSOTIS (Dill.) L. Sp. PI. 131. 1753 1 Myosotis scorpioides L., l.c. Mouse-ear scorpion grass M. scorpioides var. palustris L., l.c. M. palustris Lam. FI. Franc. 2: 283. 1778 In brooks and marshes. Frequent or locally common in many parts of the State. Native of Europe and Asia. Often found far from any habitations. 2 Myosotis laxa Lehm. Asperif. 83. 1818 Smaller forget-me-not In wet muddy or marshy places. Infrequent or locally common northward in the State. Rare southward. 3 Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm. Deutsch, FI. 61. 1791 Garden forget-me-not Native of Europe. Common In cultivation and sometimes per¬ sistent or occasional as an escape. 4 Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill, Veg. Syst. 7: 55. 1764 Field scorpion grass M. scorpioides var. arvensis L. Sp. PI. 131. 1753 In fields, especially in sandy or rocky places. Locally common, chiefly as a weed in northern and western New York, outside of the Adirondacks, and also near New York City, where perhaps not native. 5 Myosotis versicolor (Pers.) J. E. Smith, Engl. Bot. 7: t .480. 1798 — 36: pi. 2558. 1814 Yellow or blue scorpion grass M. arvensis var. versicolor Pers. Syn. 1 : 156. 1805 In fields and along roadsides. Infrequent or rare in southern New York, near Rochester and a few other localities. Naturalized from Europe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 587 6 Myosotis micrantha Pall.; Lehm. Neue Schr. Naturf. Ges. Halle 3J: 24. 1817 Blue scorpion grass Fields and roadsides. A rare adventure in a few widely separated localities in this State. Native of Europe. 7 Myosotis virginica (L.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 37. 1888 Spring or early scorpion grass Lycopsis virginica L. Sp. PI. 139. 175.3 Myosotis verna Nutt. Gen. 2: Add. 1818 M. arvensis Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 88. 1843 (excl. synonymy) On dry hills and banks. Frequent or occasionally common across the State outside of the Adirondacks and south to the north shore of Long Island and rare on Staten Island. Not reported from the south side of Long Island. LITHOSPERMUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 132. 1753 Section Rhytispermum 1 Lithospermum arvense L., l.c. Bastard alkanet, corn gromwell In waste places and in fields, rarely in woods. Frequent or common in most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. Section Eulithospermum Cyphorina Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 4: 191. 1819 2 Lithospermum officinale L., l.c. Gromwell In fields and waste places. Infrequent or rare, but widely dis¬ tributed across the State. Naturalized from Europe. 3 Lithospermum latifolium Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 131. 1803 American gromwell Cyphorina latifolium Raf., l.c. C. lutea Raf. Cat. 13. 1824 L. lutescens N. Coleman, Cat. PI. Grand Rapids, 29. 1874 L. luteum House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 61. 1923 In dry thickets, fields and open woods. Infrequent or rare in the western part of the State. Yates county, Sartwell; Scottsville, Monroe county, Holzer (Paine, Cat. 1 13. 1865). Scottsville, Beckwith; Rochester, Booth (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 87. 1896; 5: 24. 1910); Ludlowville, Tomp¬ kins county, Lord; Salmon creek ravine, Dudley ; Fall Creek, Ithaca, Hine (Dudley, Cayuga FI. 65. 1886). Erie county, Day (PI. Buffalo 59. 1883). Section B a t s c h i a Batschia Gmel. Syst. 21 ; 315,. 1791 588 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 4 Lithospermum caroliniense (Walt.) MacM. Metasp. Minn. 438. 1892 Hairy or Gmeliti’s puccoon Anonymos carolinensis Walt. FI. Car. 91. 1788 Batschia carolinensis Gmel., l.c. L. carolinianum Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1 : 397. 1791 B. Gmelini Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 130. 1803 L. hirtum Lehm. Asperif. 305. 1818 L. Gmelini Hitchc. Spring FI. Manh. 30. 1894 In dry woods. Infrequent in western New York. Sandy hills near Irondequoit bay, Penfield, Monroe county, Holzer, Booth (Paine, Cat. 113. 1865). Brighton, Fish; Pairport, Macau- ley (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 87. 1896). Batavia and shores of Lake Erie, Day (PI. Buffalo 59. 1883), 5 Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. Asperif. 305. 1818 Hoary puccoon Batschia canescens Michx., l.c. pi. 14 Anchusa canescens Muhl. Cat. 19. 1813 B. conspicna R. Br., Richards, in Frankl. Jour. App. 732. 1824 In dry soil. Rare in northern New York westward to Lake Erie. Jonesville, Saratoga county, L. Collins; Auburn, Hall (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 114. 1863). Northern part of the State, Hadley (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 86. 1843). ONOSMODIUM Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 132. 1803 1 Onosmodium virginianum (L.) DC. Prodr. 10: 70. 1846 Virginia false gromwell Liihospermum virginianum L. Sp. PI. 132. 1753 0. h.ispidum Michx., l.c.; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 84. 1843 Pmshia hispida Spreng. ; Lehm. Asperif, 382. 1818 In dry thickets or on hillsides. Infrequent or rare. Saratoga county, Collins; Herkimer, Gray; Vernon, Oneida county, Kneiskern; Seneca lake, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. 113. 1865). Karner, Albany county, Beck; Peck. 2 Onosmodium hispidissimum Mackenzie, Torr. Club Bui. 32: 500. 1905 Shaggy false gromwell 0. carolinianum of N. Y. reports, Not A. DC. In dry fields, thickets, open woods and on banks. Frequent or local across the State outside of and chiefly south and west of the Adirondack region. SYMPHYTUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 136. 1753 1 Symphytum officinale L., l.c. Com f rev In waste places, old fields, roadsides, etc. Not uncommon in most sections of the State as a weed. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Symphytum asperum Lepechin, Nov. Act. Acad. Petrop. 14: 444. t. 7. 1805 Rough comfrey S. osperrnnum Donn. ; Sims. Bot. Mag. 24: pi. 929. 1806 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 589 In waste places. Infrequent or occasional. Adventive or natural¬ ized from Europe. Occasional, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 524. 1915). Chili, Monroe county, Mrs McGuire ; near Greece, Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3 : 87. 1896; 50th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 95. 1897). Buffalo, G. IV. Clinton. BORAGO (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 137. 1753 Borago officinalis L., l.c. Borage In waste places. Rather rare in most sections of the State, usually as an escape from gardens, and apparently not long persistent. Native of southern Europe. NONEA Medic. Phil. Bot. 1: 31. 1789 Nonea vesicaria (L.) Reichenb., and Nonea lutea (Desr.) DC., both natives of Europe, have been reported as casual waifs in South¬ ern New York. LYCOPSIS L. Sp. PI. 138. 1753 Lycopsis arvensis L., l.c. 139 Small bugloss In fields and waste places. Rare but widely distributed through¬ out the State. Naturalized from Europe. Washington county, Stevenson (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 87. 1843). Shore and waste ground at Oswego, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 113. 1865). Ballast at Stapleton, Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 13. 84. 1886). Rochester, Lennon (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 87. 1896). Oswego, C. S. Sheldon. ECHIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 139. 1753 Echium vulgare L., l.c. Viper’s bugloss, blueweed In fields and waste places. Common in many parts of the State. Naturalized from Europe. Said to have been rare in 1843 by Torrey (FI. N. Y.) ; and Paine, in 1865, gives but two localities (Rockland county and Schenectady). Appeared in Venice, Cayuga county in 1884 according to Dr Chas. Atwood. Noted as rare about Rochester in 1896. However within the past two decades it has spread with great rapidity, especially on dry, sterile, stony or sandy soils. Forma albiflorum (G. Don) comb. nov. (var. albiflorum G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 332. 1838), with white corollas, collected in the Catskill mountains, Peck. Echium plantagineum L., has been collected as a waif near New York City. Family 21 VERBENACEAE J. St. Hil. Expos. Fam. 1 : 245. 1805 Vervain family VERBENA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 18. 1753 1 Verbena officinalis L., l.c. 20 European vervain, herb-of-the-cross V. spuria L. ; Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 52. 1843 590 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In waste and cultivated grounds. Locally rare as a weed in southern and eastern New York. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Verbena urticifolia L., l.c. 20 White or nettle-leaved vervain In fields and waste places, often in low or open woods. Common throughout the State. Indigenous although often appearing as though adventive. 3 Verbena hastata L., l.c. 20 Blue or false vervain V. pinnatifida Lam. Tab!. Encycl 1: 57. 1791 In moist or low wet fields, meadows, shores and often in waste places. Common throughout the State. According to Farwell (Rep’t Mich. Acad. Sci. 2: 60. 1901), typical V. hastata has leaves 3-cleft at the base. Var. paniculata (Lam.) Farwell, l.c. ( V. paniculata Lam. Encycl. 8: 548. 1808), is the common form in this State, with all the leaves entire or but rarely the lower ones slightly lobed at the base. Var. oblongifolia Nutt. Gen. 2 : 40. 1818 V. urticaefolia riparia Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 276. 1894 V. riparia Raf. ; Small & Heller, Torr. Club Mem. 3: 12. 1892 Flowers smaller in filiform panicles, but bluish with purplish tubes. The leaves occasionally three-cleft. Infrequent or rare, and probably an intermediate or hydrid between V. hastata and typical V. urticaefolia. A hybrid between V. hastata var. paniculata and V. urticaeolia, occurs at Trenton Falls, Peck; Freeville, Peck; and Oneida lake, House. 4 Verbena angustifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 14. 1803 Narrow-leaved vervain In dry fields. A somewhat rare or local weed, probably adventive from farther south, although its range is usually given as eastward to Massachusetts. Kingsbridge, Leggett; Croton Point, Bicknell (Torr. Club Bui. 8: 130. 1881). Verplanck’s Point, Westchester county, F. J. H. Merrill (Torr. Club Bui. 13: 6. 1886). Machias, Cattaraugus county, F. E. Fenno. 5 Verbena stricta Vent. Descr. PI. Jard. Cels. pi. 53. 1800 Hoary or mullen-leaved vervain V. rigens Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 14. 1803 In dry soil. Infrequent or rare, and adventive from the middle western states. Granville, Washington county, E. T. P ember (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 157: 36. 1912). Irondequoit, Bishop; Pittsford, Boughton Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 92. 1917). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 5QI 6 Verbena bracteosa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 13. 1803 Large-bracted vervain In fields, waste ground and along railroads. Infrequent or locally abundant. Adventive or naturalized from the middle western states. Family 22 LAMIACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 275. 1836 (Labiatae B. Juss. Hort. Trian. 1759) Mint family AJUGA L. Sp. PI. 561. 1753 1 Ajuga repens L., l.c. Bugle In fields and along roadsides and in waste ground. Infrequent or rare. Naturalized from Europe. Remsen, Oneida county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 122: 17. 1908). Canandaigua, Mrs E. O. Cartwright (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 92. 1917). Saratoga Springs, Mrs O. P. Phelps. 2 Ajuga genevensis L., l.c. Erect bugle In fields and waste places. Rare and local in the eastern and southeastern sections of the State. Adventive from Europe. TEUCRIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 562. 1753 1 Teucrium canadense L., l.c. American germander or wood sage T. virginicum L., l.c. In moist thickets or along marshes and in low meadows. Re corded by Taylor, as occasional on Long Island. Infrequent in the Hudson valley, more common northward and westward across the State outside of the higher Adirondaclcs. Forma albiflorum, forma nova, with white corollas, Watkins, C. S. Sheldon, 1885. 2 Teucrium littorale Bickn-ell, Torr. Club Bui. 28: 169. 1901 Seaside or narrow-leaved germander In low moist thickets and open places, mostly near the coast of Long Island and Staten Island, and northward to Yonkers on the Hudson river. 3 Teucrium occidentale A. Gray, Syn. FI. 21: 349. 1878 Llairy germander T. borealc Bicknell, Tprr. Club Bui. 28: 1 7 1 . 1901 T. occidentale var. boreale Fernald, Rhodora 10: 85. 190S In moist soil, sometimes in rather dry soil, thickets, along streams, borders of marshes, streams and ponds and similar situa- 592 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM tions. Frequent or common across the State from Lake Champlain to the St Lawrence river and Lake Erie, southward to Orange and Dutchess countv. ISANTHUS Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2:3 .pi 30. 1803 Isanthus brachiatus (L.) B. S. P., Pr-el Cat. N. Y. 44. 1888 False pennyroyal Trichostema brachiatum L. Sp. PI. 598. 1753 Isanthus cocruleus Michx., l.c. In sandy or rocky soil. Infrequent or rare northward from Rens¬ selaer, Saratoga and Albany counties southward to the Hudson high¬ lands and westward. Catskill mountains, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 529. 1915). New Paltz, /. Carey (in Sartwell herbarium). Common on the Hudson, from highlands upward; banks of Erie canal between Albany and Schenectady, Kneiskern; Jefferson county, Crawe (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 55. 1843). Above Cohoes falls, Gray (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. no. 1865). Troy, E. C. Howe. Glenmont, Albany county, House. TRICHOSTEMA (Gronov.) L. Sp. PI. 598. 1753 1 Trichostema dichotoma L., l.c. Blue curls, bastard pennyroyal In dry, usually sandy fields or rocky places. Common in south¬ ern New York, on Long Island and Staten Island and northward in Westchester county. Locally northward to Rensselaer, Saratoga, Oneida and St Lawrence counties, and westward to Tioga and Tompkins counties. Sometimes occurs with corollas of a pink color. 2 Trichostema lineare Walt. FI. Car. 164, 1788. — Nutt. Gen. 2: 39. 1818 Narrow-leaved blue curls In sandy fields and dry pine-barrens. Infrequent or rare on Long Island and Staten Island. SCUTELLARIA (Rivin.) L. Sp. PI. 598. 1753 1 Scutellaria lateriflora L., l.c. Mad dog, blue skullcap In wet places. Common throughout the State, except in the pine- barrens of Long Island. Forma albiflora (Farwell) Fernald, with white corollas, at North Greenbush, Rensselaer county, Peck. 2 Scutellaria serrata Andr. Bot. Rep. pi. 494. 1809 Showy skullcap In woods. Rare in southern New York. Reported from Wood- lawn, New York City, Taylor FI. Vic. N. Y. 530. 1915). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 593 3 Scutellaria pilosa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2:11. 1803 Hairy skullcap S. pubescens Muhl. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (I). 3: 173 (name only) 1793. S. ovalifolia Pers. Syn. 2: 136. 1807 .S', nemorosa Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 120. 1817 S', hirswta Short, Transyl. Jour. Med. 8: 582. 1836 In dry sandy woods and thickets. Rare in the southeastern part of the State. Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2 : 70. 1843). Brooklyn, /. Carey, June 30, 1842 (Sartwell herbarium). Long Island and Staten Island (Torr. Club Bui. 2: 30. 1871). Jerome Park, New York City, Bicknell (Torr. Club Bui. 7: 53. 1880). 4 Scutellaria integrifolia L. Sp. PI. 599. 1753 Larger or hyssop skullcap S. hyssopifolia L., l.c. S’. caroliniana Lam. Encycl. 7 : 706. 1806 S’, integrifolia var. hyssopifolia Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 433. 1818 Infrequent or rare on Long Island, Staten Island and northward into Westchester county. 5 Scutellaria parvula Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2:11. 1803 Small skullcap S', ambigua Nutt. Gen. 2: 37. 1818 S. parvula var. mollis A. Gray, Syn. FI. 21 : 380. 1878 S', camptstris Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 283. 1894 S', parvula var. ambigua Fernald, Rhodora 3 : 201. 1901 In sandy soil, northern New York and along the Great Lakes. Also reported from Long Island. Hempstead, Long Island (Torreya 6: 213. 1906). St. Lawrence river, Macrae (in Sartwell herbarium). Shore of Lake Ontario, Gray (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 112. 1865). Near Buffalo, Aiken (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 71. 1843). Sodus bay, Fish; Wayne county, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3 : 95. 1896). Vaughns, Washington county, Burnham. 6 Scutellaria galericulata L. Sp. PI. 599. 1753 Hooded, marsh or European skullcap S’, epilobiifolia A. Hamilton, Mon. Gen. Scut. 32. 1832 In swamps, marshes and along streams. Frequent or common throughout the State, except the pine-barrens of Long Island, where it is lacking. White-flowered (forma albiflora Millsp.) and pink- flowered (forma rosea Rand & Redfield) forms, are sometimes seen. ■. 594 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 7 Scutellaria nervosa Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 412. 1814 Veined skullcap .S', teucrifolia J. E. Smith in Rees’ Cyclop. 32: No. 15. 1816 .S'. gracilis Nutt. Gen. 2: 37. 1818 In moist woods and thickets in southeastern New York. Rare. Near Poughkeepsie, J. Carey (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 72. 1843). MARRUBIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 582. 1753 Marrubium vulgare L., l.c. White or common hoarhound Infrequent or locally abundant, chiefly in waste places, roadsides, old fields, rocky woods, etc. Naturalized from Europe. AGASTACHE Clayton; Gronovius, FI. Virg. 88. 1762 Vleckia Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 308. 1808 Lophanthus Benth. Bot. Reg. 15: under pi. 1282. 1829. Not Adams. 1763 1 Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 51 1. 1891 Catnep giant hyssop Hyssopus nepetoides L. Sp. PI. 569. 175.3 L. nepetoides Benth., l.c. Vleckia nepetoides Raf. FI. Tellur. 3: 89. 1837 In woods and thickets, often in open places. Infrequent or locally abundant across the State outside of the Adirondacks. Rare on the north side of Long Island, unknown from the south side; rare on Staten Island, increasing northward but not common, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 531. 1915)- Westport, Essex county, Stephens; Schenectady county, Paige, Fairfield, Herkimer county, Hadley; Oneida county, Kneiskern; Bridgewater, Gray (Paine, Cat. Oneida Co. 112. 1865). Banks of Genesee river, Fish; LeRoy, Hozrnrd; Wayne county, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 94. 1896). DeKalb, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. Jamesville, Onondaga county, House. Collins, Erie county, Dr Anna E. Perkins. Scarce in Tompkins county. Dudley (Cayuga FI. 73. 186). 2 Agastache scrophulariaefolia (Willd.) Kuntze, l.c. Figwort giant hyssop Hyssopus scrophulariaefolius Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 48. 1801 L. scropliulariaefolius Benth., l.c. Vleckia schrophulariac folia Raf., l.c. In woods and thickets. Infrequent or rare throughout most sec¬ tions of the State outside of the higher Adirondacks. Of about the same range and abundance as the preceding species, although there are fewer northern records. Var. mollis (Fernald) Heller, with stems and lower surfaces of leaves densely villous, appears to be more frequent southward and westward. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING TLANTS 595 3 Agastache anethiodora (Nutt.) Britton; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3: 85. 1898 Fragrant giant hyssop Hyssopus anethiodorus Nutt, in Fraser’s Cat. 1813 Stachys Foeniculum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 407. 1814 H. anisatus Nutt. Gen. 2: 27. 1818 Lophanthus anisatus Benth. Bot. Reg. t. 1282. 1829 Vlcckia anisata Raf., l.c. 89 V. anethiodora Greene, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 282. 1894 A. Foeniculum Kuntze, l.c. 51 1 Thickets along edge of a woodland road near Newcomb, Essex county, House. Native from Illinois to Manitoba, Alberta and Colo¬ rado, and apparently naturalized or escaped from cultivation at the above mentioned locality. 4 Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Kuntze, l.c. Western giant hyssop Lophanthus urticifolius Benth. Bot. Reg. under t. 1282. 1829 Vleckia urticacfolia Raf., l.c. 89; Holzinger, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 246. 1895 Roadsides near Wells, Hamilton county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 75: 22. 1904), and state herbarium, as A. scrophulariae folia. Native from Montana and Colorado to California and British Colum¬ bia. Doubtless escaped from cultivation at the above locality. NEPETA (Rivin.) L. Sp. PI. 570. 1753 1 Nepeta Cataria L., l.c. Catmint, catnep Glccoma Cataria Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 519. 1891 In waste places. Frequent or common in many sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Nepeta grandiflora Bieb. FI. Taur. Cauc. 2; 42. 1806 In waste ground. Established near Menands, Albany county. Peck (41st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 57. 1888) doubtless as an escape. GLECOMA L. Sp. PI. 578. 1753 Glecoma hederacea L., l.c. Ground ivy, gill-over-the-ground Nepeta Glecoma Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 485. 1834 N. hederacea Trevisan, Prosp. FI. Eug. 26. 1842 In waste places, woods and thickets and in cultivated and neglected grounds. Common in nearly all sections of the State except the higher mountains and the pine-barrens. Naturalized from Europe. 596 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Var. parviflora (Benth.) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 37. 1923 Nepeta Glecoma var. parviflora Benth., l.c. G. heterophylla Opiz, in Natural. 7: 61. 1824 G. intermedia Schrader; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12: 391. 1848 Corollas scarcely more than twice as long as the calyces, which are shorter than in the typical form. Leaves also smaller and less pubescent, the stems glabrous or minutely pubescent. Oneida, Madi¬ son county, House. Doubtless elsewhere. PRUNELLA L. Sp. PI. 600. 1753 Prunella vulgaris L., l.c. ' Self-heal, Heal-all In fields, woods and waste places. Common in practically all sections of the State. Supposed to be in part native and also largely naturalized from Europe. For varieties and forms, see Fernald (Rhodora 15: 179-186. 1913). RUYSCHIANA (Boerh.) Mill. Card. Dist. 4th. Abr. ed. 1754 Moldavica (Tourn.) Adans. Fain. PI. 2: 190. 1763 Zornia Moench, Meth. 410. 1794. Not J. F. Gmel. 1791 Dracocephalum Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 490. 1834. Not L. Ruyschiana parviflora (Nutt.) House, l.c. 65 American dragonhead Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. Gen. 2: 35. 1818 Physostegia parviflora Nutt.; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12: 434. 1848, as syn. ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 371. 1873 Moldavica parviflora Britton, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 3: 114. I9I.3 Rare in dry gravelly or rocky soil in Jefferson and St Lawrence counties chiefly along the Black river and shores of ponds and lakes (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 75. 1843; Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 112. 1865). DRACOCEPHALUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 594. 1753 Physostegia Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 504. 1834 I Dracocephalum speciosum Sweet, Brit. FI. Card. pi. p?. 1825 — Addisonia 5 : pi. 174. 1920 Dragonhead, obedient plant, lion’s heart Physostegia formosior Lunell, Bui. Leeds Herb. 2: 7. 1908 D. virginiamim Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, in part. 1913 Common in cultivation and occasionally escaped or naturalized in old yards and along roadsides especially in the southern and western sections of the State. Nativ-e of the Mississippi valley. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 597 Characterized by acute, triangular calyx-teeth, as long as the calyx-tube or shorter ; corolla 2-2.5 cm long ; upper leaves not con¬ spicuously reduced ; blades sharply and evenly serrate, thick and some¬ what fleshy in texture, dark glossy green in color. 2 Dracocephalum virginianum L. Sp. PI. 594. 1753 Virginia dragonhead or lion’s heart Physostegia virginiana Benth., l.c., in part .0. latidens House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 176 : 39. 1915 On shores and banks of streams, or in moist meadows. Infrequent or rare from Lake Champlain and Oneida county southward and westward. PHLOMIS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 584. 1753 Phlomis tuberosa L., l.c. 586 Jerusalem sage, sage-leaf mullen On the shore of Lake Ontario near the mouth of the Genesee river. Naturalized from Europe. Chester Dewey (Sartwell harbarium, state herbarium, and Paine, Cat. 113. 1865). Not recently col¬ lected. GALEOPSIS L. Sp. PI. 579. 1753 Ladanum [Dill.] Gilib FI. Lituan 1: 82. 1781 1 Galeopsis Ladanum L., l.c. Red hemp nettle L. purpureum Gilib., l.c. L. dubium Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 521. 1891 In waste places and on ballast. Rare as a weed. Adventive from Europe. Recently collected along railroad near Pittsford, Monroe county, Boughton (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 93. 1917). 2 Galeopsis Tetrahit L., l.c. Hemp nettle, hemp dead nettle, ironwort Ladanum Tetrahit Kuntze, l.c. In waste places, or sometimes in woods. Infrequent or locally common across the State, outside of the pine-barrens of Long Island. Quite abundant in many of the clearings and on waste land through¬ out the Adirondacks. Naturalized from Europe. Var. bifida (Boenn.) Syme, Engl. Bot. ed. 3, 7 : 67. 1863-86 G. bifida Boenn. Prodr. FI. Monast. 178. 1824 G. Tetrahit var. parvifiora Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12: 498. 1848 This appears to be the most common form of the species through¬ out all of northern and western New York. Forma albiflora, forma nova ; with white corollas, occurs at West Caroga lake, Fulton county, House. 598 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Galeopsis versicolor Curtis, FI. Lond. Fasc. 6, pi. 38. 1787 ; and G. villosa Huds. FI. Angl. Ed. 2, 1: 256. 1778 ( G . ochroleuca Lam.) have both been collected as waifs near New York City, but are probably not established. LEONURUS L. Sp. PI. 584. 1753 Leonurus Cardiaca L., l.c. Motherwort In waste places, sometimes in open woods near habitations. A common weed in most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. Leonurus glaucescens Bunge, in Ledeb. FI. Atl. 2: 409. 1830., is reported by Taylor, as a waif near New York City. LAMIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. P. 579. 1753 1 Lamium amplexicaule L., l.c. Henbit, henbit dead nettle In waste and cultivated grounds. Frequent or abundant in most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Lamium purpureum L., l.c. Red dead nettle In waste and cultivated soil. Infrequent or rare as a weed, but rather widely distributed across the State. Naturalized from Europe. 3 Lamium maculatum L. Sp. ed. 2, 809. 1763 Spotted dead nettle Along roadsides, usually as an escape from gardens. Infrequent or rare, but widely distributed across the State. Native of Europe. 4 Lamium album L. Sp. PI. 579. 1753 White dead nettle In waste places and along roadsides, also on ballast. Infrequent but widely distributed throughout the State. Naturalized from Europe. BALLOTA L. Sp. PI. 582. 1753 Ballota nigra L., l.c. Black or fetid Hoarhound In waste places. Rare as a weed. Naturalized or adventive from Europe. Near Oswego, Sheldon. STACHYS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 580. 1753 1 Stachys hyssopifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 4. 1803 Hyssop hedge nettle In fields and thickets. Infrequent or rare in eastern and southern New Ycr1'. Not uncommon on Long Island and Staten Island. Rare northward to Rensselaer county and westward to Broome county. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 599 Stachys Grayana House, N. Y. State Mas. Bui. 233-234: 60. 1922 5". hyssopifolia var. ambigua Gray ; S. ambigua Britton, not Sm. A southern species which is reported northward to Massachusetts, but is unknown as yet in New York. 2 Stachys atlantica Britton, Man. 792. 1901 Coast hedge nettle In wet meadows and marshes. Common along the south side of Long Island. Very rare on the north shore and on Staten Island. 3 Stachys arenicola Britton, Man. 792. 1901 Sand hedge nettle In sandy soil. Rare from Washington county southward. Vaughns and Hudson Falls, Washington county, Burnham. Lebanon Springs, Columbia county, A. K. Harrison. New Dorp, Staten Island, Britton. 4 Stachys palustris L. Sp. PI. 580. 1753 Hedge nettle, marsh or clown’s woundwort In moist soil. Infrequent or locally abundant across the State. North Elba, Peck. Utica, Haberer. Watkins, Schuyler county, Peck. Along Genesee river (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 95. 1896). Rare on Long Island and Staten Island and up the Hudson river to Rockland county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y 535. 1915). Var. homotricha Fernald, Rhodora 10: 85. 1908, with the sides and angles of the stems almost uniformly hirsute with long retrorse hairs. Newcomb, Essex county, House. Collins, Erie county, Perkins. Specimens from Hudson Falls, Burnham, are intermediate in character between this and S', arenicola, which grows in the same locality. 5 Stachys tenuifolia Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 100. 1801 Smooth hedge nettle S. glabra Riddell, Suppl. Cat. PI. Ohio 16. 1836 6". aspera var. tenuifolia Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 466. 1818 S. cincinnatensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 531. 1891 .S', aspera var. glabra Gray, Syn. FI. 21 : 387. 1878 In moist fields and thickets. Apparently very rare in New York. Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 535. 1915), cites Staten Island and West Point. The state herbarium contains a single specimen without definite data. Var. aspera (Michx.) Fernald, Rhodora 10: 85. 1908 S. aspera Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 5. 1803 S. hispida Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 407. 1814 S’, palustris var. aspera Gray, Man. ed. 2, 317. 1856 6oo NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Angles of the stems with conspicuous reflexed bristles in the typi¬ cal form, although specimens approaching the typical species are not uncommon. In moist soil. Frequent or common across the State northward and westward, except in the higher Adirondacks. Rare south of the Hudson highlands and on Staten Island. Not reported from Long Island. 6 Stachys Sieboldii Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 112 Knotroot, Chinese or Japanese artichoke Established along a railroad near Whitehall, Washington county, Burnham (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 94: 34. 1905; 139: 30. 1910). Adventive or escaped from cultivation. Native of Asia. 7 Stachys arvensis L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 814. 1763 In waste places. Rare as a weed, especially about nurseries. Adventive from Europe and locally established. Stachys annua L., S. hirta L., S. sylvatica L., and S. recta L. have been collected as waifs or rare adventives in waste places and on ballast near New York City and elsewhere but apparently are not persistent or established permanently. 8 Stachys olympica Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 5: 226. 1817 .S', lanata Jacq. Ic. PI. Rar. 1: 11. t. 107. 1781. Not Crantz. .S’. bycantina C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 686. 1848 Along roadsides and in waste places. Escaped from cultivation and locally established. Native of southern Europe. Henrietta, Fuller; Mendon, Fish (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 95. 1896). SALVIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 23. 1753 1 Salvia lyrata L., l.c. Lyre-leaved sage In dry, chiefly sandy woods and thickets. Common south of our borders and reported northward to the vicinity of Yonkers. 2 Salvia Sclarea L., l.c. 27 Clary, clear-eye A rare escape from gardens. Established near Jamesville, Onon¬ daga county, Peck (33d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 18. 1880). Native of Europe. 3 Salvia nutans L., l.c. Reported as adventive at Caledonia, Livingston county, Beckwith (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 93. 1917). Native of Europe. 4 Salvia officinalis L., l.c. 23 Garden sage ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 6oi Frequent in cultivation and occasionally escaped or persistent in waste places. Native of southern Europe. Salvia sylvestris L. and S. pratensis L., often planted as perennial ornamental plants, occasionally find their way into waste places and if undisturbed are persistent, but no records are at hand showing that either are well established. MONARDA L. Sp. PI. 22. 1753 1 Monarda didyma L., l.c. Oswego tea, American, bee balm M. coccinca Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 16. 1803 M. Kalmiana Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 16. pi. 1. 1814 M. oswegoensis Barton, Prodr. FI. Phila. 34. 1815 In moist soil, especially along streams, open marshy places and banks of lakes and ponds. Common across the State northward. Less frequent southward to Dutchess and Ulster counties and west¬ ward to Lake Erie and Chautauqua county. Var. alba Hort., with white flowers, is offered by dealers in plants, but has not been reported as a wild plant in this State. 2 Monarda Clinopodia L., l.c. Basil balm M. glabra Lam. Diet. 4: 256. 1796 M. rugosa Ait. Hort. Kew. 1 : 36. 1 789 M. altissima Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 33. 1809 Pycnanthemum Monardella Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 8. t. 34. 1803 Monardclla caroliniana Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 332. 1834 In woods and thickets. Infrequent from Broome, Chenango and Oneida counties westward. Increasingly frequent in the extreme western part of the State. 3 Monarda fistulosa L., l.c. Wild bergamot M. oblongata Ait., l.c. (narrow-leaved form) M. longifolia Lam., l.c. M. allophylla Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 16. 1803 M. involucrata Wend. Ind. Sem. Marb. 1828 M. commutata, M. hybrida, M. lilacina Wend., l.c. M. affinis Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1 : 9. 1821 M. varians Barton, l.c. 36 On dry hills and in thickets. Locally frequent or common across the State, outside of, and chiefly south of the Adirondacks. 4 Monarda media Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 32. 1809 Purple bergamot M. fistulosa var. rubra Gray, Syn. FI. 21 : 374. 1878 M. fistulosa var. media Gray, l.c. M. purpurea Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 17. 1814; Lodd. Cab. t. 1396 In moist thickets and along roadsides. Rare and somewhat local. Oneida county, House. Tompkins county, Dudley. Greenfield, 602 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Saratoga county, Phelps. Shore of Irondequoit bay (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 94. 1896). 5 Monarda mollis L. Arnoen. Acad. 3: 399. 1787 Pale wild bergamot M. scabra Beck, Am. Jour. Sci. 10: 260. 1826 M. menthaefolia Graham, Bot. Mag. t. 2958 M. Lindheimeri Engelm. & Gray, PI. Lindh. 1 : 20. 1845 Usually in dry soil, in fields, on hillsides and in open woods or thickets. Frequent or locally common across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks from Lake Champlain westward to the St Lawrence river and Lake Erie, southward to Westchester county. 6 Monarda punctata L. Sp. PI. 22. 1753 Llorsemint M. lutca Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1:16. 1803 In dry fields. Locally common in southern New York especially in sandy or rocky soil. Less frequent northward to Washington and St Lawrence counties, westward to Lake Erie. BLEPHILIA Raf. Jour. Phys. 89: 98. 1S19 1 Blephilia ciliata (L.) Raf., l.c. Downy blephilia Monarda ciliata L. Sp. PI. 23. 1753 In dry woods and thickets. Infrequent or rare across the State northward, south to Rensselaer and Broome counties and westward to Lake Erie. Vaughns, Washington county, Burnham (46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 21. 1S93). East Schodack, Rensselaer county, Peck. Bing¬ hamton, Millspaugh (Torr. Club Bui. 16: 136. 1889). Near Canandaigua, Durand (Torr. Club Bui. 20: 408. 1893; Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 94. 1896). 2 Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Torrey, FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 27. 1824 Hairy blephilia Monarda hirsuta Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 19. 1814 M. ciliata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 16. 1803. Not L. M. pilosa Torrey; Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 323. 1818 B. nepetoides Raf., l.c. Monarda Beckii Eaton, Man. ed. 6, 229. 1833 In woods and thickets. Frequent across the State south to Dutchess, Ulster and Greene counties and westward to Lake Erie and Chautauqua county. Forma albiflora House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 46. 1923, with white corollas, occurs at Taberg, Oneida county, Peck. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 603 HEDEOMA Pers. Syn. 2: 131. 1807 1 Hedeoma pulegioides (L. ) Pers., l.c. American pennyroyal Melissa pulegioides L. Sp. PI. 593. 1753 Cunila pulegioides L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 30. 1762 Ziziphora pulegioides R. & S. Syst. 1: 209. 1817 In dry fields. Infrequent or somewhat locally abundant through¬ out the State. 2 Hedeoma hispida Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 414. 1814 Rough pennyroyal H. liirta Nutt. Gen. 1: 16. 1818 In dry fields. Rare from Washington county westward, perhaps adventive from the West. Little Falls, Haber er (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54: 946. 1902). Shushan, Washington county, Burnham (l.c. 139: 34. 1910). Vaughns, Washington county, Burnham. MELISSA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 592. 1753 Melissa officinalis L., l.c. Garden or lemon balm Infrequent or locally common as a weed in waste places or in sandy or rocky soil in neglected fields, open woods and thickets. Naturalized from Europe.. SATUREIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 567. 1753 Satureia hortensis L.., l.c. 568 Summer savory Clinopodium hortensc Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 515. 1891 Occasional or rare as an escape from cultivation. Native of Europe. CLINOPODI UM L. Sp. PI. 587. 1753 Calami ntha Moench, Meth. 408. 1794 I Clinopodium vulgare L., l.c. Field or wild basil basilweed Melissa clinopodium Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 393. 1834 Calamintha clinopodium Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12: 233. 1848 Satureja vulgaris Fritsch, Excursionsfl. Oesterr. 477. 1897 S. clinopodium Caruel, in Pari. FI. Ital. 4: 135. 1867-69 C. Calamintha Kuntze, l.c. 5.15 Acinos vulgaris MacM. Met. Minn. 451. 1892 In fields, woods and thickets. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State, but rare or lacking in the sandy portions of the coastal plain. 604 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Clinopodium Acinos (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 513. 1891 Basil thyme, basil balm Thymus Acinos L. Sp. PL 591. 1753 Melissa Acinos Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 389. 1834 Calamintha Acinos Benth, in DC. Prodr. 12: 230. 1848 Satureia Acinos Scheele, Flora 26: 577. 1843 In waste places and roadsides. A rare adventive from Europe. Ithaca, Dudley (36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 35. 1884). Morris¬ town, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. 3 Clinopodium arkansanum (Nutt.) House, Am. Mid. Nat. 7: 130. 1921 Low calamint, bed’s-foot Hedeoma glabra Nutt. Gen. 1: 16. 1818. Not Pers. 1807 H. arkansana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N.S. 5: 186. 1834 Calamintha Nuttallii Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12: 230. 1848 Micromcria glabella var. angusthfolia Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 67. 1843 Satureia arkansana Briq. in Engl. & Prantl. Pflanzenf. iv. Ab. 3: 302. 1896 S', glabra Fernald, Rhodora xo: 85. 1908 C. glabrum Kuntze, l.c. 515 On rocks and banks. Rare in the western part of the State, south¬ ward and westward. Niagara Falls; Goat Island and Table rock, Torrey (l.c.) Niagara Falls, Carey, July 3, 1836 (Sartwell herbarium). Cooley, Gray (Beck herbarium). Sandy shores near Buffalo, C. S. Sheldon. HYSSOPUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 569. 1753 Hyssopus officinalis L., l.c. Hyssop Along roadsides and in waste places, occasional across the State northward, but rare on Long Island. ORIGANUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 588. 1753 Origanum vulgare L., l.c. 590 Wild marjoram, organy In fields and waste places or along roadsides, sometimes in open woods. Locally common in most sections., of the State. The white- flowered forma albiflorum House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 47. 1923, has been collected by Peck, at Phoenicia, Ulster county, and at Trenton Falls, Oneida county. THYMUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 590. 1753 1 Thymus Serpyllum L., l.c. Wild or creeping thyme In thickets, woods and along roadsides. Occasional or locally common in many sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. A variable species, and in Europe, a large number of the forms or varieties have been variously recognized both as species and as ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 605 varieties. Some of these variations are reflected in the variability of the species as naturalized in this country. 2 Tlrymus vulgaris L. Sp. PI. 591. 1753 Common thyme Recorded as a waif on Staten Island. Sometimes cultivated and tending to become established. Native of Europe. KOELLIA Moench, Meth. 407. 1794 Brachystemon Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: g. 1803 Pycnanthemum Michx. l.c. 7 1 Koellia virginiana (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 520. 1891 Virginia mountain mint Saturcia virginiana L. Sp. PI. 567. 1753 B. virginicum Michx., l.c. 6. P. virginicum Pers. Syn. 2: 128. 1805. P. lanceolatuni Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 409. 1814 In dry fields and thickets. Infrequent across the State south of of the Adirondacks and infrequent or rare westward in the State. Apparently somewhat adventive northward from the South. 2 Koellia flexuosa (Walt.) MacM. Met. Minn. 452. 1892 Narrow-leaved mountain mint Satureia Thymus virginicus L., Mant. 2: 409. 1771 Origanum flexuosum Walt. FI. Car. 156. 1788 K. capitata Moench, Meth. 408. 1794 P. linifolium Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 409. 1814 P. flexuosum B.S.P., Prel. Cat. N. Y. 42. 1888 In fields and thickets. Infrequent across the State south of the Adirondacks, but rare in the sandy coastal plain. Apparently north¬ ward it is more or less adventive from the South. 3 Koellia pilosa (Nutt.) Baill. Hist, des PI. 10: 31. 1892 Hairy mountain mint Pycnanthemum pilosum Nutt. Gen. 2: 33. 1818 P. muticum var. pilosum Gray, Syn. FI. 21: 355. 1878 Near Savannah, Wayne county, Peck (26th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 48. 1874). Probably adventive from the West. 4 Koellia verticillata (Michx.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 520. 1891 Verticillate mountain mint Brachystemon verticillatum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 6. pi. 31. 1803 P. verticillatum Pers. Syn. 2: 128. 1805 In dry fields and thickets. Frequent in southern New York and locally northward (perhaps largely adventive) to Rensselaer, Saratoga and Oneida counties, and westward to Lake Erie. Not reported from Long Island. 6o6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 5 Koellia Torrei (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 520. 1891 Torrey’s mountain mint Pycnanthemum Torrei Benth, Lab. Gen. & Sp. 329. 1834 Differing apparently from the preceding species chiefly in the leaves being usually narrower and wholly glabrous. Rare in New York, a single specimen from southern New York in the state herbarium. 6 Koellia clinopodioides (T. & G.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 520. 1891 Basil mountain mint Pycnanthemum clinopodioides T. & G. ; Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 42: 45. 1842 In dry soil, southeastern part of the State. Rare. Staten Island, upper Manhattan and Westchester county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 540. 1915)- Tarrytown, Hall (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. in. 1865). Manhattanville, Carey (Sartwell her¬ barium). Kingsbridge, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2 : 62. 1843). 7 Koellia incana (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 520. 1891 Hoary mountain mint Clinopodium incanum L. Sp. PI. 588. 1753 Origanum incanum Walt. FI. Car. 165. 1788 Pycnanthemum incanum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 7. 1803 In dry thickets, open woods and on hillsides. Frequent or com¬ mon across the State, mainly south of the Adirondacks. Spreads rapidly in some localities, and probably increasing and extending its range northward. 8 Koellia mutica (Michx.) Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 145. 1894 Short-toothed mountain mint Brachystemon muticum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 6. pi. 32. 1803 Pycnanthemum muticum Pers. Svn. 2: 128. 1805 In sandy soil. Frequent or common on Long Island and Staten Island and locally northward in Monroe county (Paine, Cat. 111. 1865; Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 93. 1896). MAPPIA Heist.; A dans. Fam. PI. 2: 193. 1763 Hedyosmos (Mitchell) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 520. 1891 Cunila L. Syst. Ed. 10, 1359. 1759. Not Mill 1754 Mappia origanoides (L.) House, Am. Mid. Nat. 8: 62. 1922 Stone mint, American dittany, sweet horse mint Saturcia origanoides L. Sp. PI. 568'. 1753 Cunila mariana L., l.c. C. origanoides Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 278. 1894 Hedyosmos origanoides Kuntze, l.c. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 607 In dry woods and thickets. Rare and local on Long Island and Staten Island. More frequent in Westchester county, and reported northward to West Point. Staten Island (Torrey’s Cat.) Glen Cove, Coles, Westchester county (Torrey Club Bui. 2: 29. 1871). Wading River, E. S. Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 4: 42. 1873). West Point and Mount Putnam, A. H. Young. LYCOPUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 21. 1753 1 Lycopus virginicus L. Sp. PI. 21. 1753 Bugle weed, buglewort In moist or wet soil. Common throughout most sections of the State except the higher Adirondacks and Catskills. Increasingly common southward. 2 Lycopus membranaceus Bicknell ; Britton, Man. 804. 1901 Thin-leaved buglewort In moist grounds and woods. Eastern and southern New York. Bald mountain, Rensselaer county, House. Green island, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 197: 60. 1918). Ulster, Delaware, Greene and Sullivan counties, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 542. 1915). 3 Lycopus uniflorus Mic'hx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 14. 1803 Northern bugleweed L. communis Bicknell; Britton, Man. 803. 1901 In low grounds, especially in bogs and marshes, and the marshy shores of streams, lakes and ponds. Common across the State northward and in the Catskill mountains. Frequent on Long Island, but rather infrequent elsewhere across the State. 4 Lycopus sessilifolius A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 285. 1870 Sessile-leaved bugleweed In wet soil. Infrequent or rare on Long Island and Staten Island. Riverhead, Peck (426 Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 15. 1889). 5 Lycopus rubellus Moench, Metch. Supple 146. 1802 Stalked water hoarhound L. europaeus var. integrifolius Gray, Man. ed. 6, 346. 1867 In wet soil, in marshes, low m-eadows, and shores of lakes and ponds. Infrequent across the State. 6o8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6 Lycopus americanus Muhl.; Bart. FI. Phila. Prodr. 15. 1815 Cut-leaved water hoarhound L. sinuatus Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 26. 1817 L. vulgaris Nutt. Gen. 1: 15. 1818 L. exaltatus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 727. 1814. Not L. L. virginicus var. quercifolius Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 311. 1818 L. heterophyllus Raf. Med. FI. 2: 28. 1830 L. europaeus var. sinuatus Gray, Man. ed. 5, 346. 1867 In wet soil. Common throughout the State except in the pine- barrens of Long Island. Varies greatly in the width and degree of indentation of the leaf-margins, an extreme form being, forma angustifolius (Nutt.) House, comb. nov. (L. angustifolius Nutt., l.c.), in which the leaves are very narrow and only the lower ones somewhat sinuately toothed. 7 Lycopus asper Greene, Pittonia 3: 339. 1898 Western water hoarhound In wet soil, Bergen swamp, Genesee county, House. 8 Lycopus europaeus L. Sp. PI. 21. 1753 European water hoarhound Locally rare as a weed in southeastern New York. Naturalized from Europe. MENTHA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 576. 1753 1 Mentha viridis L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 804. 1763 Spearmint M. spicata viridis L. Sp. PI. 576. 1753 M. tenuis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2:2. 1803 In moist fields, along ponds, brooks and lakes or sometimes in waste places. Frequent or common in most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Mentha piperita L. Sp. PI. 576. 1753 Peppermint In wet soil. Frequent or common in many sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 3 Mentha citrata Ehrh. Beitr. 7: 150. 1792 Bergamot mint In wet soil. Infrequent or rare. Naturalized or adventive from Europe. Richmond Valley, Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 22: 461. 1895). East Rochester, Fuller; Wayne county, A. J. Perkins (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 93. 1896; 5: 23. 1910). 4 Mentha rotundifolia (L.) Huds. FI. Angl. 221. 1762 Round-leaved mint M. spicata rotundifolia L. Sp. PI. 576. 1753 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 609 In waste places, yards and roadsides, usually in moist soil. Infre¬ quent or rare as an adventive or naturalized plant. Native of Europe. Jamesville, Onondaga county, Peck (33d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 18. 1880.). Between Newark and Lyons, Wayne county, Hanken- son (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 93. 1896). Staten Island, Britton. 5 Mentha spicata L. Sp. PI. 576. 1753 Horse mint M. spicata var. longifolia L. Sp. PI. 576. 1753 M . longifolia Huds. FI. Angl. 221. 1762 M. sylvestris L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 804. 1763 Infrequent or rare as a weed. Adventive or naturalized from Europe in a few localities. 6 Mentha alopecoides Hill, Brit. FI. 221. 1799 Woolly mint M. sylvestris var. alopecoides Baker, Jour. Bot. 3: 238. 1865 Rare as a weed along the eastern seaboard, but perhaps not established in New York, and at least not definitely reported as such. Native of Europe. 7 Mentha aquatica L. Sp. PI. 576. 1753 Water mint A rare adventive about the larger cities. Not reported as estab¬ lished in this State. Native of Europe. 8 Mentha crispa L., l.c. Crisped-leaved, curled or cross mint M. aquatica var. crispa Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 144. 1834 In swamps and roadside thickets. Reported as naturalized at Lake Mohegan and near Middletown, Orange county, IV. H. Leggett (24th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 57. 1872). Native of Europe. 9 Mentha cardiaca Gerard; Baker, Jour. Bot. 3: 245. 1865 Small-leaved mint A rare adventive or rarely established in southern New York. Native of Europe. 10 Mentha arvensis L. Sp. PI. 577. 1753 Corn mint, field mint In dry soil in waste places. Infrequent in the Hudson valley and locally elsewhere, especially in the southeastern part of the State. Native of Europe. 11 Mentha canadensis L. Sp. PI. 577. 1753 American wild mint M. borealis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 2. 1803 M. arvensis var. canadensis Briquet, Bui. Herb. Boiss. 3: 215,. 1895 M. canadensis borealis Piper, Contr. Nat. Herb. 11: 492. 1911 6io NEW YORK STATE .MUSEUM In moist soil. Common throughout the State, especially north¬ ward and westward. Variable. Typical M. canandcsis differs from M. arvensis chiefly by its longer petioled leaves which are lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate and cuneate-narrowed at the base, while M. arvensis has relatively broader leaves which are rounded or blunt at the base. The pubescence in M. canadensis is always whiter, and the calyx, corolla and filaments longer. There are two extremes of M. canadensis, in regard to indument. M. canadensis var. glabrata Benth. (in DC. Prodr. 12 : 173. 1848), is nearly or rarely quite glabrous. It is comparatively rare in New York, and apparently confined to the southern part of the State. M. canadensis var. lanata Piper (Contr. Nat. Herb. 11: 492. 1 9 1 1 ) , is approached by several collections from the northern part of the State, with copious and almost lanate pubescence. 12 Mentha gentilis L. Sp. PI. 577. 1753 Creeping whorled mint M. sativa L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 805. 1763 M. piperita var. interrupta Peck, 34th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 55- 1881 In waste places and along streams. Infrequent but rather widely distributed throughout the State, especially in the eastern and south¬ ern parts. Naturalized from Europe. COLLIN SONIA L. Sp. PI. 28. 1753 Collinsonia canadensis L., l.c. Stoneroot, horse balm, richweed C. ovata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 20. 1814 C. decussata Moench, Meth. 379. 1794 In moist woods. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State, but rare on Long Island and Staten Island. PERILLA Arch; L. Gen. PI. ed. 6, Add. 578. 1764 Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 277. 1894 Perilla, beef-steak plant Ocimum frutescens L. Sp. PI. 579- 1753 P. ocymoides L. Gen. PI. ed. 6, Add. 578. i7<->3 In waste places, usually as an escape from gardens. Near Tarrytown, Burnham (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 75:19- P. frutescens var. nankinensis (Lour.) Britton, has been reported from Staten Island by W. H. Leggett (Torr. Club. Bui. 2: 29), as “ var. crispa Gray.” ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 6ll Family 23 SOLANACEAE Zinn, Cat. PI. Goett. 1757 — Pers. Syn. 1 : 214. 1805 Potato family ATROPA L. Sp. PI. 181. 1753 Atropa Belladonna L., l.c. Belladona Occasional in cultivation, rarely escaped, and probably not often persistent. Reported as established at Parma, Monroe county, Brad¬ ley (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 116. 1865). PHASALODES Boehm, in Ludwig, Def. 41. 1760 Nicandra Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 219. 1763 Phasalodes Phasalodes (L.) Britton, Torr. Club. Mem. 5: 287. 1894 Apple-of-Peru Atropa Phasalodes L. Sp. PI. 181. 1753 Nicandra Phasalodes Gaertn. Fruct. 2: 237. pi. 131. f. 2. 1791 Phasalodes peruvianum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 452. 1891 In waste places. Escaped from gardens. Infrequent or rare but widely distributed across the State south of the Adirondacks. Native of Peru. PHYSALIS L. Sp. PI. 182. 1753 1 Physalis pruinosa L. Sp. PI. >184. 1753 Tall hairy ground cherry P. puhescens Dunal. in DC. Prodr. 13: 446. 1852. Not L. In cultivated soil or in sandy places. Infrequent or rare in the southeastern part of the State. Not recorded northward in the State. 2 Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ; Hornemann, Hort. Plafn. Suppl. 26. 1819 Tomatillo P. aequata Jacq. f. ; Nees, Linnaea 6: 470. 1831 Occasional as an escape from cultivation. Native of Mexico and the southeastern states. 3 Physalis philadelphica Lam. Encyc. 2: 101. 1786 Smooth ground cherry P. chenopodifolia Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 1023. 1797 P. atriplicifolia Tacq. Fragm. 58. t. 85. f. A. 1809 P. ovata Poir. Encyc. Suppl. 2: 348. 1811 P. subglabrata Mackenzie & Bush, Trans. St Louis Acad. 12: 86. 1902 Chiefly in open fields, meadows and edges of thickets. Frequent across the State chiefly south of the Adirondacks. 6l2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM New Dorp, Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 9: 150. 1882, as P. angulata). Menands., Peck (41st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 57. 1888, as P. virginiana) . Oneida, Madison county, House. Canandaigua, Mrs E. P. Gardner. 4 Physalis virginiana Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 4, 1768 Virginia ground cherry P. obsetira Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 149. 1803 P. viscosa Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 103. 1843. Not L. P. pennsylvanica Gray, Man. ed. 5, 382. 1867. Not L. In moist or rich soil, especially in open places. Infrequent across the State, outside of the Adirondacks. Washington county, Burnham. Menands, Peck. Gates, Monroe county, Fish (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 88. 1896). Rare as an adventive in most parts of our range; often wanting locally, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 346. 1915). 5 Physalis heterophylla Nees, Linnaea 6: 463. 1831 Clammy ground Cherry P. viscosa Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 157. 1814. Not L. P. virginiana Gray, Syn. FI. 21 : 235. 1878. Not Mill. In rich soil, especially where the surface has been disturbed. Frequent or locally common across the State. Apparently the most common species of the State, but either rare or wanting in the Adiron¬ dacks. Var. ambigua (Gray) Rydberg, with densely villous foliage, occurs at Karner, Albany County, Peck, and doubtless elsewhere. Var nyctaginea (Dunal j Rydberg, with thinner, more entire and acuminate leaves which are pubescent only on the veins, occurs chiefly in the coastal region. 6 Physalis Alkekengi L. Sp. PI. 183. 1753 Winter cherry Frequent in cultivation and occasionally escaped or established. Native of Europe and Asia. 7 Physalis peruviana L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1670. 1763 Strawberry tomato Sometimes cultivated and occasionally spontaneous in gardens and cultivated grounds, but not persistent or established. Native of South America. Leucophysalis grandiflora (Flook.) Rydb. Torr. Club Mem. 4: 356. 1896; Physalis grandiflora Flook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 90. 1834. A boreal species ranging from eastern Quebec to the Saskatchewan and recorded southward to Lake Champlain, may occur in the ex¬ treme northern part of the State although definite records are lack¬ ing. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 613 SOLANUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 184. 1753 Dulcamara Moench, Meth. 514. 1794 1 Solanum Dulcamara L., l.c. 185 Climbing or bitter nightshade, bittersweet, blue bindweed Dulcamara flexuosa Moench, l.c. In waste places and in moist thickets and woods, often appearing as though indigenous. Naturalized from Europe and common in most sections of the State. Var. villosissimum Desv. PI. Angers. 1 12. 1818 (Fernald, Rhodora 24: 20 2. 1922) should be expected in southeastern New York. Forma albiflorum forma nova, with white corollas has been col¬ lected by Florence Beckwith at Caledonia [State herbarium]. 2 Solanum nigrum L., l.c. 186 Black, deadly or garden nightshade In waste places, often in cultivated soil, but frequently in woods and thickets. Common and usually appearing as though introduced, but in part at least a native species. 3 Solanum tuberosum L., l.c. 185 Potato Occasionally spontaneous following cultivation, or from discarded tubers, especially in waste places or in and about cultivated soil, but rarely persistent for more than a year or two. Native of South America and very common in cultivation. 4 Solanum carolinense L. Sp. PI. 184. 1753 Horse nettle, sand brier In dry fields and waste places. Occasional as a weed, in some sections becoming common. Adventive or naturalized from the South. At the time of Torrey’s Flora (1843), only two stations were recorded, viz : near Newtown, Long Island, and Rye, Westchester county. 5 Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. Ill. 2: 25. 1793 Viscid nightshade In waste places and on ballast, especially about New York, and rarely elsewhere. Adventive from tropical and subtropical America. NYCTERIUM Vent. Jard. Malm. t. £5. 1803 Androcera Nutt. Gen. 1: 129. 1818 CYranthera Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. t: 176. 1818. Not Beauv. 1805 614 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Nycterium rostratum (Dunal) Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. i: 189. 1809 Sandbur, beaked or prickly nightshade Solatium rostratum Dunal, Sol. 234. pi. 24. 1813 5. heterandrum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 156. pi. 7. 1814 Androcera lobata Nutt., l.c. A. rostrata Rydberg, Torr. Club Bui. 33: 150. 1906 Occasional in waste places in many parts of the State. Less frequent or rare in the southeastern section, and more frequent westward. Naturalized from the West. Nycterium citrullifolium (Braum) House, comb. nov. (Solarium citrulli folium Braum, Ind. Sent. Frib. 1849), native of the middle western and southwestern states, belongs to this genus. LYCOPERSICON Mill. Gard. Diet. abr. ed. 4. 1754 Lycopersicon lycopersicon (L.) Karst. Deutsch. FI. 966. 1882 Tomato, love apple Solatium lycopersicon L. Sp. PI. 185. 1753 L. esculentum Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, 1768 Common in cultivation, and often spontaneous in and about culti¬ vated soil, and in waste places, but usually not long persistent. LYCIUM L. Sp. PI. 191. 1753 Lycium halimifolium Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 6, 1768 Matrimony vine, box thorn L. barbatum var. vulgare Ait. f. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 2: 3. 1811 L. vidgarc Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 509. 1852 In thickets and waste places, frequent or occasional as an escape from cultivation. Native of Europe. HYOSCYAMUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 179. 1753 Hyoscyamus niger L., l.c. Black henbane, hog’s-bean In waste places. Rare as a weed or a waif. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. Westchester county, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2: 102. 1843). F°rt Plain, and in Otsego county, H. Lathrop (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 1 16. 1865). Oswego, Wiegand (Torreya 6: 70. 1906). Rochester, V ollertsen, Streeter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3 : 89. 1896; 5: 93. 1917). Plattsburg, Beck. Hyoscyamus albus L., has been recorded as a waif near New York City. DATURA L. Sp. PI. 179. 1753 1 Datura Stramonium L., l.c. Jamestown or jimsonweed, thorn apple, stramonium In fields and waste places. Frequent in many sections of thje State. Naturalized from the tropics. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 6l 5 D. Tatula L. ( Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 256. 1762), is sometimes considered a distinct species, but the differences, if constant are rather slight (stem purple, corolla pale violet-purple, prickles of the capsule nearly equal). 2 Datura Metel L. Sp. PI. 179. 1753 Entire-leaved thorn apple In waste places. A rare garden escape about cities of the eastern and southern portions of the State. Native of tropical America. NICOTIANA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 180. 1753 Nicotiana rustica L., l.c. Wild or Indian tobacco In old fields and edges of woods and thickets, infrequent in western New York, and rarely elsewhere in central New York and southward into Pennsylvania. Apparently a relic of cultivation by the Indians, and still used by them to some extent, although largely replaced by N. tabacum L., for modern cultivation, and which is not hardy in our climate and hence not established. Nicotiana alata Link & Otto (also known under the horticultural name of N. affinis ) is common in cultivation, and occasionally appears as an escape. PETUNIA Juss. Am. Mus. Paris 2 : 215. pi. 47. 1803 Petunia axillaris (Lam.) B. S. P., Prel. Cat. N. Y. 38. 1888 White petunia Nicotiana axillaris Lam. Encycl. 4: 480. 1797 P. nyctaginiflora Juss., l.c. In waste places, chiefly as an escape from gardens. Infrequent or rare in southern New York, and hardly persistent. Petunia violacea Lindl. Bot. Reg. pi. 1626. 1833 ; and P. par- viflora Juss., l.c., are rare adventives or garden escapes in southern New York, the last named being found also on ballast. Both are natives of South America. Family 24 SCROPHULARI ACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 288. 1836 Figwort family VERBASCUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 177. 1753 1 Verbascum Thapsus L., l.c. Velvet or mullen dock In fields and waste places. A common weed in most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe, and native also of Asia. Forma candicans House, nom. nov. (V . elongatum Willd., not Moench), 6i6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM with white flowers, is noted by Peck (34th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 54. 1881). 2 Verbascum phlomoides L. Sp. PI. 1194. 1753 Clasping-leaved mullen In fields on eastern Long Island. Rare. Naturalized from the Old World. Wading River, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 29. 1906). 3 Verbascum Lychnitis L. Sp. PI. 177. 1753 White mullen In fields and waste places. Infrequent or local. Naturalized from Europe. Barren sandy fields and copses at the head of Oneida lake, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2: 30. 1843; Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 107. 1865; House, Torreya 3: 105. 1903; Vasey, in Sartwell herbarium. House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 179: 46. 1915). Forma album (Mill.) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 45. 1923 ( V . album Mill. Gard. Diet. No. 3. 1768; Moench, Meth. 447, 1794; V. Moenchii Schultz), with white flowers, occurs also in the Oneida lake locality. Verbascum Lychnitis x thapsus House (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 179: 47. 1915), frequent at Sylvan beach, Oneida county. A large number of hybrid forms of Verbascum have been described by European writers, and this has doubtless already received a hybrid name. 4 Verbascum Blattaria L. Sp. PI. 178. 1753 Moth mullen In fields and waste places. Common in most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe, and doubtless of early introduction into America as it appears to have been described by Michaux as V. Claytonii (FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 148. 1803). Forma albiflorum (G. Don) House, l.c. 243-244: 45. 1923 ( V . Blattaria var. albiflorum G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 497. 1838), with white flowers, is common. LINARIA (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 Subgenus Cymbalaria Cymbalaria Hill, Brit. Herb. 1756. Medic. Phil. Bot. 2: 70. 1791 i Linaria Cymbalaria (L.) Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 17. 1768 Antirrhinum Cymbalaria L. Sp. PI. 612. 1753 C. Cymbalaria Wettst. in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenfl. 43b : 58. 1891 C. hedcracca S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 322. 1821 C. muralis Gaertn., Mey. & Schreb. FI. Wett. 2: 397. 1800 C. vulgaris Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, N.S. 17: 126. 1869 In waste places, roadsides, in lawns and on stone walls. Usually as an escape from gardens and in some places well established. (See Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 25. 1910). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 617 Subgenus Kickxia El at in e Rupp.; Moench, Meth. 171. 1794. Not L. Kickxia Dumort. FI. Belg. 35. 1827 Tursitis Raf. Aut. Bot. 156. 1840 Elatinoides Wettst., in Engl. & Prantl., l.c. 2 Linaria Elatine (L. ) Mill., l.c. No. 16. Sharp-pointed fluellin or toad flax Antirrhinum Elatine L. Sp. PI. 612. 1753 Kickxia Elatine Dumort., l.c. Elatinoides Elatine Wettst., l.c. Cymbalaria Elatine Gaertn. Mey. & Schreb., l.c. 398 Tursites Elatine & T. filifera Raf., l.c. 157 In waste places, old fields and on ballast. Infrequent or rare. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. Fields near Albany, Beck; shore of Cayuga lake, Gray (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 32. 1843; Paine, Cat. 107. 1865). Geneva, Sartwell. Shelldrake point, Cayuga lake, Lord. Farley’s point, Cayuga lake and along railroad near Ithaca, Dudley (Cayuga FI. 67. 1886). 3 Linaria spuria (L.) Mill., l.c. No. 15 Round-leaved fluellin or toad flax Antirrhinum spurium L. Sp. PI. 613. 1753 Kickxia spuria Dumort., l.c. Cymbalaria spuria Gaertn., Mey. & Schreb., l.c. Elatinoides spuria Wettst., l.c. In waste places and on ballast. Infrequent or rare, and chiefly as an adventive from Europe. Subgenus Chaenorrhinum Chaenorrhinum (DC.) Lange ; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. FI. Hisp. 2: 577. 1870 4 Linaria minus (L.) Desf. FI. Atlant. 2: 46. 1800 Small snap dragon Antirrhinum minus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 852. 1763 Chaenorrhinum minus Lange, l.c. 579 In waste places, on ballast and along railroads. Until recently considered rare, but lately noted in many localities throughout the State, even into the higher Adirondacks along railroads. Subgenus Eulinaria (Linaria proper) 5 Linaria Linaria (L. ) Karst. Deutsch. FI. 947. 1882 Ramstead, butter-and-eggs Antirrhinum Linaria L. Sp. PI. 616. 1753 Linaria vulgaris Hill, Brit. Herb. 108. 1756 In fields and waste places. Very common. Naturalized from Europe, 6i8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6 Linaria genistifolia Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 14. 1768 Found nearly a century ago in New York City, Brooklyn and in Queens county, has not been collected for more than three-quarters of a century, and as an adventitious addition to our flora has apparently not persisted. Native of Europe. 7 Linaria supina Desf. FI. Atlant. 2: 44. 1800. Supine linaria In waste places and on ballast. A rare adventive in southern New York. Native of Europe. 8 Linaria canadensis (L.) Dumort. Bot. Cult. 2: 96. 1802 Blue or wild toad flax Antirrhinum canadense L. Sp. PI. 618. 1753 In dry or sandy soil. Frequent or common in the southern part of the State and locally so across the State northward, outside of the higher Adirondack's. 9 Linaria repens (L.) Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 6. 1768 Pale blue toad flax Antirrhinum repens L. Sp. PI. 614. 175.3 L. striata DC. FI. Fr. 3: 586. 1805 A rare adventive on ballast near New York City. Native of Europe. ANTIRRHINUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 612. 1753 1 Antirrhinum majus L., l.c. 617 Great snap dragon In waste places. Sparingly or rar-ely escaped from cultivation. Native of Europe. 2 Antirrhinum Orontium L., l.c. Lesser snap dragon In fields and waste places. Infrequent or rare as an adventive from Europe. SCROPHULARIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 619. 1753 1 Scrophularia marylandica L., l.c. Maryland figwort, heal-all, pilewort 31. nodora var. americana Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 21. 1803 S. nodosa var. marylandica Gray, Syn. FI. 21: 258. 1878 In dry woods and thickets. Infrequent or rare across the State south of the Adirondacks. Increasingly common southward. Blooms in late summer. Leaves less cut, tending to cordate at the base, the inflorescence more ample and lax, not so obviously in panicles ; corolla browner and sterile filament purple-brown. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 619 2 Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 419. 1814 Hare figwort S. pectinata Raf. Aut. Bot. 160. 1840 S’, leporella Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 23: 317. 1896 In woods, thickets, along roadsides or on open hillsides. Frequent across the State except the higher Adirondack's. Blooms in early summer. Leaves sharply cut, narrowed or at least never cordate at base ; inflorescence longer and narrower, of a series of evident panicles ; corolla more yellow and sterile filament yellow. 3 Scrophularia aquatica L., l.c. Water figwort A rar-e adventive on ballast near New York City. Native of Europe. CHELONE (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 611. 1753 Chelone glabra L., l.c. Snakehead, turtlehead In swamps and along streams, ponds and lakes. Frequent or common throughout the State. PENTSTEMON Mitchell; Schmidel, Ic. PI. 2. 1762 — Soland. in Ait Hort. Kew. 3: 51 1 1789 1 Pentstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 227. 1801 Hairy beardtongue Chelone hirsuta L. Sp. PI. 61 1. 1753 P. pubcscens Soland., l.c. 360 In dry woods and thickets. Frequent across the State outside of and chiefly south of the Adirondacks. Perhaps in the north largely adventive from farther south. 2 Pentstemon pallidus Small, FI. SE. U. S. 1069. 1903 Pale beardtongue In light or sandy soil or in marshy places. Infrequent from West¬ chester county southward, and in western New York. Westchester county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 552. 1915). Collins, Erie county, Dr A. E. Perkins. 3 Pentstemon Pentstemon (L.) Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 291. 1894 Smooth beardtongue Chelone Pentstemon L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 850. 1763 P. laevigatus Soland., l.c. 300 Native from Pennsylvania southward. Commonly adventive and naturalized in meadows, fields and open woods, northward to Lake Champlain, St Lawrence county and Lake Ontario. 620 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 4 Pentstemon Digitalis (Sweet) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) 5: 1 8 1 . 1833-37 Foxglove beardtongue Chelone Digitalis Sweet, Brit. FI. Gard. 2: pi. 120. 1825-27 P. laevigatas var. digitalis Gray, Syn. a1: 268. 1878 Like the preceding species, native south of our borders, but spar¬ ingly adventive or naturalized in similar situations across the State, especially southward. 5 Pentstemon tubiflorus Nutt., l.c. 1S1 Funnel form beardtongue Native of the southwestern Mississippi valley region. Reported by Pennell, as established at Spring Valley, Rockland county. Pentstemon grandiflorus Nutt. Fras. Cat. 1813, is reported as established eastward from its natural range in the middle western states and may be looked for in New York. COLLINSIA Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 1 : 190 pi. 9. 1817 Collinsia verna Nutt., l.c. Blue-eyed Mary, innocence In moist woods and thickets. Very rare in central and western New York. Wet meadows on the flats of the Mohawk, below Utica; borders of a small pond near Utica, Kneiskern ; Gray, Ithaca, Aiken (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 107. 1865 ; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 233. 1843). West Rush, Baxter-, Streeter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 25. 1910). Near mouth of Oneida creek, Oneida lake, Mrs M. E. Allbee. 1903. Specimens collected by Gray and Sartwell near Utica are in the Sartwell herbarium, and the Beck collection in the State Museum. Additional specimens from Utica by Gray are also in the state herbarium. The Ithaca collection by Aiken is found in the Beck collection. The species has not been collected recently at either of these localities. PAULOWNIA Sieb. & Zucc. FI. Jap. 1: 25. pi, 10. 1835 Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Baill. Hist. PI. 9: 434. 1888 Paulownia or empress tree Bignonia tomentosa Thunb. FI. Jap. 252. 1784 P. imperialis Sieb. & Zucc., l.c. Escaped from cultivation and established in southern New York. Native of eastern Asia. MIMULUS L. Sp. PI. 634. 1753 1 Mimulus ringens L., l.c. Square-stemmed monkey flower In swamps, marshes and along streams, or in low or wet meadows. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 621 Common throughout most sections of the State, but absent from the pine-barrens of Long Island. Forma Peckii House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 17. 1923, with white corollas, collected '"by Peck, (34th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 54. 1881). 2 Mimulus alatus Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 361. 1789 Sharp-winged monkey flower In swamps and marshes. Infrequent or rare across the State south of the Adirondacks. Near junction of Champlain and Erie canals, Wright & Hall (Cat. PI. Troy 26. 1836). Abundant in western part of State, Beck; Greece, Monroe county, Bradley, Lockport, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 108. 1865). Rochester, Holzer (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 90. 1896). Staten Island, in the Bronx and near New Baltimore, Greene county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 553. 1915). Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 7: 113. 1880; 8: 48. 1881; 9: 150. 1882). Catskill, Greene county, Peck. Forma albiflorus House, l.c. with white flowers, Peck (34th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 54. 1881). 3 Mimulus Langsdorffii Donn. ; Sims, Bot. Mag. pi. 1501. 1812 Langsdorff’s yellow monkey flower Native of California, and reported as a rare adventive in southern New York. 4 Mimulus moschatus Dougl. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. pi. 1118. 1827 Muskflower, musk plant In wet places, Long Island and in Saratoga county. Adventive from the West, and in Saratoga county, apparently well naturalized. Locust Grove, Long Island, 1886, /. A. Bisky (Torr. Club Bui. 14: 13. 1887; 40th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 52. 1887). Near Middle Grove and Greenfield Center, Saratoga county, J. H. Wibbe (Torr. Club Bui. 19: 22. 1892; 46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 47. 1893; 47th Rep’t 33. 1894). GRATIOLA L. Sp. PI. 17. 1753 1 Gratiola neglecta Torr. Cat. PI. N. Y. 89. 1819 Northern clammy hedge hyssop G. virginiana of N. Y. reports. Not L. G. officinalis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 6. 1803. Not L. G. pubescens Torrey; Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 262. 1818. Not R. Br. 1810 Conobea borealis Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 3: 26. 1822 G. missouriana Beck, Am. Jour. Sci. 10: 253. 1826 (type in herb. N. Y State Mus.) G. lutea Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 3: 333. i8ti (a name to replace G. officinal:; Michx.) G. heterophylla & G. odorata Raf. Aut. Bot. 43. 1840 622 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In wet or muddy places, locally frequent across the State, but rare or absent in the sandy pine-barrens of Long Island. Rather common in the upper Hudson valley, lower elevations of the Adi- rondacks, central New York and westward. 2 Gratiola aurea Muhl. Cat. 2. 1813 Goldenpert, golden hedge hyssop In wet sandy places, chiefly on the coastal plain. Locally north¬ ward to Rensselaer and Oneida counties. Common on Long Island and Staten Island {Taylor). Smith- town, Suffolk county, Peck. Huntington, House. Orient, Burn¬ ham & Latham (Torreya 14: 250. 1914). Troy, H. C. Gordinier. Oneida lake, House. ILYSANTHES Raf. Ann. Nat. 13. 1820 1 Ilysanthes inaequalis (Walt.) Pennell, Torreya 19: 149. 1919 Long-stalked false pimpernel Gratiola inaequalis Walt. FI. Cat. 61. 1788 G. anagallidea Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 6. 1803 Lindernia dilatata Muhl. Cat. 61. 1813; Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 38. 1843 L. pyxidaria Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 419. 1814 I. riparia Raf., l.c. I. anagallidea Raf. Aut. Bot. 46. 1840. Robinson, Rhodora xo: 67. 1908 I. dilatata (Muhl.) Raf., & I. geniculata Raf. Aut. Bot. 45, 46. 1840 In wet or muddy places. Infrequent or locally abundant across the State, chiefly south of the Adirondacks. Oneida lake, Kneiskern (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida1 Co. 108. 1865) ; Haberer, Peck, House; Orient, Long Island, Burnham & Latham (Torreya 14: 250. 1914). Tioga and Chenango counties but not reported from Broome and Delaware counties, Clute (FI. Upper Susquehanna 81. 1898). Penn Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Rare, Brockport, Lennon; Kendall, Orleans county, Baxter; Sodus Bay, Fish (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 90. 1896). 2 Ilysanthes dubia (L.) Barnhart, Torr. Club Bui. 26: 276. 1899 Short-stalked false pimpernel Gratiola dubia L. Sp. PI. 17. 1753 Capraria gratioloidcs L. Syst. ed. 10, 1117. 1759 Lindernia attenuata Muhl. Cat. 61. 1813; Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 38. 1843 Gratiola attenuata Spreng. Syst. 1: 39. 1825 /. gratioloidcs Benth, in DC. Prodr. 10: 419. 1846 /. attenuata Raf., ex Benth., l.c.; Small, Torr. Club Bui. 21: 494. 1894; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 3: 197. 1913 L. pyxidaria var. major Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 419. 1814 Ambulia pilosa Raf. & Ilysanthes brevipes Raf. Aut. Bot. 44, 45. 1840 In wet places. Frequent or common across the State outside of the pine-barrens of Long Island, and only locally in certain parts of the Adirondack region. Locally rare in various other sections of the State. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 623 LIMOSELLA L. Sp. PI. 631. 1753 Limosella aquatica L., l.c. Mudweed, mudwort L. tenuifolia Hoffm. Deutsch. FI. 29. 1804; Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. x: 155- 1818 L. subulata Ives, Trans. Phys. Med. Soc. N. Y. 1: 439. 1818-Eaton, Man. 303. 1818 L. brachistema Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 3: 273. Aug. 1818 L. maritima Raf. Atl. Jour. 199. 1833 On muddy shores and in brooks and ditches, chiefly in the south¬ eastern part of the State. West Point, Bailey; Peekskill, Mead (Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 40. 1843). Cold Spring, Jelliffee (Torreya 4 : 100. 1904). Fort Pond Bay, Long Island, E. S. Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 7: 18. 1880). Woodside and Peekskill (Torr. Club Bui. 2: 21. 1871; 3: 40. 1872). VERONICA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 9. 1753 1 Veronica americana Schwein. ; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 468. 1846 American brooklime V. beccabunga Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 11. 1814. Not L. V. intermedia Schw. in Am. Jour. Sci, 8: 268. 1824. name only V. beccabunga var. americana Raf. Med. FI. 2: 109. 1830; Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 41. 1843 In brooks and swamps. Common in most sections of the State, but rare on Long Island. 2 Veronica Baxteri Flouse, Bui. N. Y. State Mus. 233-234: 11. 1922 Baxter’s brooklime In moist fields, in Rochester and Ontario counties. Related to V. americana, but differing chiefly in the broader leaves which are blunt or rounded at both ends, the racemes chiefly from the lower or middle nodes and the larger sepals and bracts. 3 Veronica beccabunga L. Sp. PI. 12. 1753 European brooklime Native of Europe, and reported as a rare adventive in waste places and on ballast near New York City. 4 Veronica glandifera Pennell, Torreya 19: 170. 1919 Glandular brooklime In moist calcareous places. Rare. Vaughns, Washington county, Burnham 1910. Brook west of Kingsbury Street, north of Hudson Falls, Burnham, 1918. 5 Veronica Brittonii Porter; Pennell, l.c. 168 Britton’s brooklime V. Anagallis latifolia Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 12: 49. 1885 624 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In moist or wet waste places. Rare in the southern and south¬ eastern sections of the State. Apalachin, Tioga county, Pernio, 1900. Dr Pennell also cites : New Baltimore, Taylor ; Flushing, Bisky; Tappan, Leggett; Spring Valley and Jamaica, Long Island. To this and the preceding species belong all New York references to V. Anagallis-aquatica L. 6 Veronica scutellata L. Sp. PI. 12. 1753 Marsh or skullcap speedwell V. uliginosa Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 175. 1818 In swamps, marshes, brooks and wet places. Common in most sections of the State, especially northward, but rare on Long Island. 7 Veronica officinalis L. Sp. PI. 11. 1753 Common speedwell, fluellin, gipsyweed In dry fields, on banks or in woods and sometimes in swamps. Common throughout the State, but rare in the pine-barrens of Long Island. Sometimes appears as though introduced. Forma albiflora (G. Don) House, comb. nov. [V. officinalis var. albihora G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 579. 1838], is rare. 8 Veronica maritima L. Sp. PI. 10. 1753 Long-leaved speedwell V. longifolia L., l.c. V. spuria L., l.c. ? In waste ground and in fields. An infrequent adventive or locally naturalized species. Native of Europe. Variable; for discussion of variations see Pennell (Rhodora 23: 11. 1921). 9 Veronica Chamaedrys L. Sp. PI. 13. 1753 Germander speedwell In fields and waste places. Occasional throughout the cultivated sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 10 Veronica spicata L. Sp. PI. 10. 1753 Roadsides near Stockholm, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Adventive from northern Eurasia. 11 Veronica Teucrium L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 16. 1762 Along roadsides and in fields. Mexico, Oswego county, House & Killip. Canton, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Tabor- ton, Rensselaer county, House. Naturalized from Europe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 625 12 Veronica serpyllifolia L. Sp. PL 12. 1753 Thyme-leaved speedwell In fields and thickets. Common throughout the State and probably naturalized from Europe, altho sometimes regarded as in part native to America. 13 Veronica humifusa Dickson, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 288. 1794 Northern thyme-leaved speedwell V. neglecta F. W. Schmidt, FI. Boem. 1: 12. 1794 V. ruderalis Vahl, Enum. PI. 1: 66. 1805 V. serpyllifolia humifusa Vahl. l.c. 65 In woods and thickets. Infrequent or rare across the northern part of the State. North Elba, Peck. Taberg, Oneida county, House. 14 Veronica peregrina L. Sp. PI. 14. 1753 Purslane speedwell, neckweed V. caroliniana Walt. FI. Car. 61. 1788 V. carnulosa Lam. Encycl. Meth., Ulus. 1: 47. 1791 In moist places and in cultivated soil. Common in most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. V. peregrina xalapensis (H.B.K.) Pennell, Torreya 19: 167. 1919-Rhodora 23: 19. 1921 ( V . xalapensis PI.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 389. 1818), native of the Pacific coast southward into South America is adventive or naturalized eastward to New England, and occurs rarely in western and southern New York. 15 Veronica arvensis L. Sp. PI. 13. 1753 Corn or wall speedwell In fields, woods and waste places. Common in most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 16 Veronica agrestis L. Sp. PI. 13. 1753 Procumbent, field or garden speedwell In fields and waste places. Infrequent but rather widely dis¬ tributed throughout the State. Naturalized from Europe. 17 Veronica polita Fries, Novit. FI. Suec. 63. 1819 ? V. didyma Tenore, Prod. FI. Nap. 6. 1811 V. crenulata Sesse & Mocino, FI. Mex. 5. 1892 On ballast, and rarely along roadsides, gardens and waste ground. Adventive from Eurasia and rare in New York. 626 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 18 Veronica persica Poir. Encyc. Meth., Bot. 8: 542. 1808 Byzantine or persian speedwell V. agrestis var. byzantina Sibth. & Sm. FI. Graec. 1: pi. 8. 1806 V. Buxbaumii Tenore, FI. Nap. 1: 7. pi. 1. 1811 V. precox Raf. Atl. Jour. 79. 1832. Not All. 1789 V. diffusa Raf. New FI. 4: 38. 1838 V. Tournefortii Gmelin, FI. Bad. 1: 39. 1805, in part. Not F. W. Schmidt, 1793 V. byzantina B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 40. 1888 In waste places and in fields. Occasional throughout the State, and locally abundant. Naturalized from Europe. 19 Veronica biloba L. Mant. 172. 1771 Yonkers, E. P. Bicknell. Adventive from Europe. 20 Veronica hederaefolia L. Sp. PI. 13. 1753 Ivy-leaved speedwell ? V. reniformis Raf. Med. Repos, (II) 5: 360. 1808 In thickets, fields and waste places. Somewhat rare as a weed in southern and southeastern New York. Naturalized from Europe. VERONICASTRUM Heister ; Fabr. Enum. Meth. Hort. Helm- stead hi. 1759 Callistachya Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 60. 1808. Not Callistachys Vent. 1804 Leptandra Nutt. Gen. 1: 7. 1818 Eustachya Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 3: 190. 1919. Not Eustachys Desv. 1810 Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farwell, Drugg. Circ. 61: 231. 1915 Beaumont’s, Bowman’s or Culver’s root Veronica virginica L. Sp. PI. 9. 1753 Veronicastrum album Moench, Meth. 437. 1794 Callistachya virginica Raf., l.c. Paederota virginica Torr. FI. N. Y. 2: 44. 1843 In meadows, moist open woods and thickets. Infrequent across the State south of the Adirondacks. Increasingly common south¬ ward. Forma villosa (Raf.) Pennell, Rhodora 23: 6. 1921 ( Leptandra villosa Ref. Med. FI. 2: 21. 1830), has not been observed in New York, to our knowledge. DIGITALIS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 621. 1753 1 Digitalis purpurea L. Sp. PI. 621. 1753 Purple foxglove, thimbles, fairy cap Native of Europe and locally escaped from cultivation, sometimes established. Var. albiflora G. Don, with white flowers, less frequent as an escape. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 627 2 Digitalis lanata Ehrh. Beitr. 7: 152. 1792 Native of central and southern Europe. Occasional in cultivation and rarely escaped to roadsides. Near Canandaigua, Mrs E. 0. Cartwright (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 89. 1896). Near Rochester, John Dunbar. BUCHNERA L. Sp. PI. 630. 1753 Buchnera americana L., l.c. Bluehearts In sandy or gravelly soil. Rare in the valley of the Chenango river, southward and westward. Chenango valley, Kneiskern ; Gorham, Ontario county, Sartwell ; Rochester, Z. H. Harris', banks of Genesee river, Greece, Monroe county, Bradley (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 108. 1865). Gorham, Ontario county, Gray ; Genesee river, Bradley (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 39. 1843; Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 91. 1896). Rochester, Baxter. Perinton, Monroe county, Bishop (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 25. 1910). AUREOLARIA Raf. New FI. 3: 58. 1837 Panctenis Raf., l.c. 60 Dasystoma Raf.; Britton & Brown, lllus. FI. Ed. 2, 3: 205. 1913 (Not Dasystoma Raf. 1819 which is Seymeria macrophylla Nutt.) 1 Aureolaria pedicularia (L.) Raf. New FI. 2: 61. 1837 Fern-leaved or lousewort false foxglove, feverweed Gerardia pedicularia L. Sp. PI. 61 1. 1753 Dasystoma pedicularia Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 521. 1846 In dry woods and thickets. Common on Long Island and Staten Island, and across the State southward. Rare northward to Rens¬ selaer, Schenectady and Monroe counties. 2 Aureolaria glauca (Eddy) Raf., l.c. 60 Smooth false foxglove Gerardia glauca Eddy, in Med. Repos. N. Y. Ind. Hexade, 5: 126. 1807. G. quercifolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 423. 1814 D. quercifolia Benth., l.c. 520 G. integrifolia Gray, Man. 307. 1848 D. flava Wood, Classbook 529. 1861. (Not Gerardia flava L.) G. virginica Britton, Prel. Cat. N. J. PI. 40. 1888 D. virginica Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 295. 1894. (Not Rhinanthus vir- ginicus L.) In dry or moist woods. Common on Long Island and Staten Island and locally frequent northward to Albany, Saratoga, Schenec¬ tady, Oneida and Monroe counties. Reported from Lewis county. 628 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 3 Aureolaria virginica (L.) Pennell, Torr. Club Bui. 40: 408. I9I3 Downy false foxglove Rhinanthus virginicus L. Sp. PI. 603. 1753 Gerardia flava L., l.c. 610 G. villosa Muhl. Cat. 58. 1813 G. heterophylla Muhl., l.c. D. pubescens Benth., l.c. 520 Gerardia virginica Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 460. 1891 D. flava Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 3: 206. 1913. Not Wood In dry woods and thickets. Frequent or common in the south¬ eastern and the western portions of the State, and along the southern border adjacent to Pennsylvania. Rare northward to Ulster, Otsego, Oneida and Monroe counties. AGALINIS Raf. New FI. 2: 61. 18. 1836 1 Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell, Torr. Club Bui. 40: 126. 1913 Large purple' gerardia Gerardia purpurea L. Sp. PI. 610. 1753 A. palustris Raf., l.c. 62 In moist fields and meadows and in marshes. Common on Long Island and Staten Island and northward to Columbia county. Reports of this species farther northward and westward in the State are apparently erroneous. Forma albiflora (Britton) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 55. 1923 [G. purpurea var. albiflora Britton, Torr Club Bui. 17: 125. 1890], occasional on the salt marshes of Long Island. 2 Agalinis virgata Raf. New FI. 2 : 62. 1837 G. racemulosa Pennell, Torreya 11: 15.. 1911 In moist sandy pine-barrens, or occasionally in open sand in the pine-barren region of Long Island and southward. Seemingly rare. Great River, Suffolk county, Bicknell. 3 Agalinis paupercula (A. Gray) Britton; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 3: 210. 1913 Small-flowered gerardia G. purpurea var. paupercula Gray, Syn. FI. 2: 293. 1878 G. intermedia Porter; Gray, l.c., as syn. G. paupercula Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 295. 1894 In bogs and low meadows. Infrequent or rare. Apparently con¬ fined to the Ontario lowlands, the St Lawrence basin, and in south¬ eastern New York. Rare on the north shore of Long Island, rare on Staten Island; Copake Falls, Columbia county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 559. 1915). Farley’s Point, Cayuga lake, and Junius marshes, Seneca county, Dudley (Cayuga Flora 69. 1886, as purpurea). Mendon, Monroe ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 629 county, Macauley & Beckwith; Bergen swamp, Baxter; (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 91. 1896). Shores of Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence river from Irondequoit Bay, Holser, to Alexandria Bay, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 108. 1865). Mud lake near Hannibal, Oswego county, C. S. Sheldon. Canton and Norfolk, St. Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Long pond, Monroe county; marshes along shore of Lake Ontario at Woodville, Jefferson county, House. 4 Agalinis maritima Raf. New FI. 2 : 62. 1836 Seaside or saltmarsh gerardia G. maritima Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 361. 1808 G. purpurea var. crassifolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 422. 1814 G. crinita Eddy; Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 257. 1818 Common in the salt marshes along the coast of Long Island and Staten Island, and rarely along the Long Island Sound shore of Westchester county. 5 Agalinis tenuifolia ( Vahl) Raf. New FI. 2 : 64. 1837 Slender gerardia G. tenuifolia Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 79. 1794 In dry woods, thickets, hillsides and fields. Locally frequent across the State outside of the Adirondacks, and increasingly com¬ mon southward in the State. Reported northward to Rensselaer, Saratoga, St Lawrence, Onon¬ daga and Monroe counties. Forma albiflora (Britton) House, l.c. 62 ( G . tenuifolia var. albiflora Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 17: 125. 1890), is occasional throughout the range of the species. 6 Agalinis Besseyana Britton ; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2. 3: 21 1. 1913 Bessey’s gerardia G. tenuifolia var. macrophylla Benth. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1 : 209. 1835 G. Besseyana Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 295. 1894 G. lancifolia Greene, Pittonia 4: 100. iSgg In moist or dry, usually sandy fields and thickets. Washington county, Burnham. Albany, House. Perhaps adventive from the West. Doctor Fennell regards this as a form of A. tenuifolia, but the scabrous-pubescent leaves, larger corollas and more pointed lobes to the calyx are good distinguishing characters. 7 Agalinis acuta Pennell, Torr. Club Bui. 42: 338. 1915 In dry sandy soil or sandy depressions, on the south side of Long Island and on the Hempstead Plains. This includes material which has heretofore been variously referred to A. skinncriana and to A. parvifolia. 630 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 8 Agalinis Holmiana (Greene) Pennell, Torr. Club Bui. 40: 429. 1913 Holm’s gerardia G. Holmiana Greene, Pittonia 4: 52. 1899 In dry sandy woods. Rare on Long Island. Referred to A. setacea (Walt.) Raf. in second edition of the Illustrated Flora. CASTILLEJA Mutis; L. f. Suppl. 47. 1781 Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. Syst. 2: 775. 1825 Scarlet painted cup, Indian paintbrush Bartsia coccinea L. Sp. PI. 602. 1753 Euchroma coccinea Nutt. Gen. 2: 55. 1818 In meadows and moist thick-ets. Rare but widely distributed across the southern and western portions of the State. Apparently formerly more abundant than at present. Reported from Long Island, rare on Staten Island, unknown in the Bronx, thence increasing but not common northward, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 560. 1915). Astoria, Leggett; Glen Cove, Coles; Staten Island, LeRoy (Torr. Club Bui. 2: 21. 1871). Oneida lake, Gray; Eaton, Madison county, Bradley ; Penn Yan, Ontario county, Sartwell; Greece, Monroe county, Bradley (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 109. 1865). Springwater, Livingston county, D. B. Waite (38th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 107. 1885). Silver Lake, Staten Island, Britton. Onondaga Valley, Beauchamp. Painted Post, Steu¬ ben county, Dudley. Junius, Miss S. A. Little, 1884. Formerly frequent about Irondequoit bay, now scarce ; Greece, Bradley ; Scotts- ville, Maxwell’s Station and Caledonia, Beckwith (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 91. 1896). Aurora, Thompson, 1842; and formerly [i860] at Ithaca, Dudley. SCHWALBE A (Gronov.) L. Sp. PI. 606. 1753 Schwalbea americana L., l.c. Chaff-seed In wet sandy soil, Albany county. Between Albany and Schenectady, near Center (now Karner) Station, Beck (in state herbarium), Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 109. 1865), Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 139: 36. 1910). The locality where formerly collected has been cut over and burned, and unless found in nearby spots, the station is extinct. PEDICULARIS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 607. 1753 1 Pedicularis lanceolata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 18. 1803 Swamp lousewort P. virginica Poir. Enc. Meth. 5: 126. 1804 P. asplenifolia Muhl. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3: 173. 1793, (name only) P. auriculata J. E. Smith, in Rees Cyclop. 26: No. 4. 1814 P. pallida Nutt. Gen. 2: 50. 1818 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 63I In swamps and marshy places. Infrequent or rare from Rens¬ selaer county westward to Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, southward, outside of the higher Catskills and the uplands of Central New York. Rensselaer, House. Tarrytown, /. H. Hall ; Glenville, Schenectady county; Madison county, Pearson; Rochester, Booth; western coun¬ ties, Kneiskern (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 109. 1865). Banks of Genesee river, Fuller ; Irondequoit Bay, Booth, Holzer ; Caledonia ; Turk’s Hill, Gannett (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 91. 1896; 5: 94. 1917). Van Cortlandt Park, New York City, House. Rare on Long Island and Staten Island and in the Bronx, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 561. 1915). 2 Pedicularis canadensis L. Sp. PI. 86. 1753 Wood or head hetony, lousewort P. gladiata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 18. 1803 In dry or moist woods and thickets. Common in most sections of the State. RHINANTHUS L. Sp. PL 603. 1753 Rhinanthus Crista-Galli L. Sp. PI. 603. 1753 Rattle, yellow or penny rattle R. minor Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 44. 1791 Rare on the subalpine summits of the higher Adirondacks. Summit of Haystack mountain. Peck (27th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 1 12. 1877). Summit of Mount Marcy, Peck (23d Rep’t 50. 1872; 52d Rep’t 668. 1899). Our form of this variable species is described as R. oblongifolius by Fernald [See Gray’s Man. ed. 7.735. 1908]. MELAMPYRUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PL 605. 1753 Melampyrum lineare Lam. Encycl. 4: 22. 1797 Cow wheat In dry or moist woods, thickets and openings. Common in most section of the State. In the Adirondacks on the summit of Mount McIntyre, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 117. 1899). Var. latifolium (Muhl.) Beauverd, Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 38: 474. 1916 ( M . americanum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 16. 1803. M. latifolium Muhl. Cat. 57. 1813 ; Eaton, Bot. 316. 1818; M. lancco- latum Raf. Aut. Bot. 160. 1840), with broader leaves, is the more common form southward. EUPHRASIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PL 604. 1753 Euphrasia stricta Host. FI. Austr. 2: 185. 1813 Eyebright Near Waddington, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps, 95. •632 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Family 25 PINGUICULACEAE Dumort. Anal. Fam. 19, 23. 1829 (Utriculariaceae Dumort.; Lentibulariaceae Lindl.)i Bladderwort family PINGUICULA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 17. 1753 Pinguicula vulgaris L., l.c. Butterwort, bog violet On wet rocks and gravely places. Very rare. Cascadilla ravine, Ithaca, Prentiss; Portage, G. W. Clinton (28th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 83. 1876). Genesee Falls, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2 ; 18. 1843). Rochester, Dewey, Carey, Harris, Brad¬ ley; no longer growing at Rochester, but reported from Portage, Dewey (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 106. 1865). The Carey speci¬ men in Sartwell herbarium, dated June 22, 1836. Sidney, Otsego county, Hoy (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 83. 1898). Mount Morris, Livingston county, Streeter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 92. 1896). Cascadilla creek, Jordan, 1869; and Taughannock, Dudley (Cayuga FI. 70. 1886). UTRICULARIA L. Sp. PI. 18. 1753 Section 1 Lentibularia Gesn. 1 Utricularia gibba L., l.c. Humped or swollen-spurred bladderwort U. fornicata LeConte, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1 : 76. 1824 In shallow water. Infrequent or rare across the State south of the Adirondacks. Woodhaven, Long Island, Ruger ; East Hampton, Allen; West Hampton, Mcrriam (Torr. Club Bui. 2; 20. 1871). Hidden lake, Herkimer county ; Whitesboro, Oneida county, Douglas, Houghton (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 106. 1865). Mendon ponds, Monroe county, Fish, Fuller (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3; 92. 1896). Peter- boro, Madison county, House. 2 Utricularia pumila Walt. FI. Cat. 64. 1788 Two-flowered bladderwort U. biflora Lam. Ill. 1: 50. 1701 U. longirostris LeConte; Ell. FI. S. C. & Ga. 1; 21. 1816 U. macrorhyncha Barnhart, Torr. Club Bui. 25: 515. 1898 In shallow water. Chiefly south of our borders. Known in this State from a collection by Peck, at Smith town, Long Island. 3 Utricularia fibrosa Walt. FI. Car. 64. 1788 Fibrous bladderwort U. striata LeConte; Torr. Cat. PI. N. Y. 89. 1819; Fl. N. Y. 2: 21. 1843 Uncommon in shallow water. Long Island southward. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 633 New York, LeConte; Long Island, Willis (Torrey, l.c.). Wading River, E. S. Miller (25th Rep't N. Y. State Mus. 70. 1873). Tay¬ lor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 563. 1915) states that it is common on Long Island. 4 Utricularia intermedia Hayne, in Schrad. Jour. Bot. 1800: 18. 1801 Flat-leaved bladderwort U. millefolium Nutt.; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 21. 1843 In shallow water, generally distributed throughout the State, but only locally common. Watertown, Jefferson county, Crawe; Hidden lake and Litchfield, Herkimer county, Paine (Cat. 106. 1865). Beaver lake, Lewis county, Gilbert (Torr. Club Bui. 6 : 362. 1879). Oxford, Chenango county, Coznlle. Summit marsh, Dudley. Rare, Wayne county, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 92. 1896). Bowman’s lake, Sandlake, Rensselaer county, Peck. Mud lake, Hannibal, Oswego County, House. Paddy lake, Oswego county, Sheldon. Lily marsh, Oswego county, House. Pecksport, Madison county, House. North Elba, Essex county, Peck. Newcomb, Essex county, House. Re¬ ported from Wading River, Long Island, by E. S. Miller. 5 Utricularia minor L. Sp. PI. 18. 1753 Lesser bladderwort In shallow water. Infrequent or rare but widely distributed across the State. New Lots, G. B. Brainerd (Torr. Club Bui. 2 ; 18. 1871). Swamps in Jefferson county, Crawe; Hidden lake, Herkimer county, Paine (Cat. 106. 1865). Ponds near Albany and Schenectady, Beck & Tracy (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 21, 22. 1843). Tappan, C. F. Austin. Hannibal, Oswego county, House. Lily marsh, Oswego county, Sheldon. Tooley pond, Clare, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. 6 Utricularia clandestina Nutt.; Gray, Man. 287. 1848 Hidden-fruited bladderwort U. striata Tuckerman, Am. Jour. Sci. 14: 29. 1843. Not LeConte ? U. geminiscapa Benj. Linnaea 20: 305. 1847 In shallow water. Rare. Wetmore’s pond, Herkimer county, Paine (Cat. 106. 1865). Kasoag marshes, Oswego county, Peck (53d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 851. 1900). Tottenville, Staten Island, Leggett (Torr. Club. Bui. 2; 20. 1871). Wading River, Long Island, E. S. Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 7: 17. 1880). 7 Utricularia macrorhiza LeConte, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. 1 : 73. 1824 Greater bladderwort, hooded water milfoil U. vulgaris Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 20. 1843. Not L. U. vulgaris var. americana A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 318. 1867 634 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In stagnant water, slow streams and ponds. Frequent or common or at least locally so, throughout most sections of the State, and in the Adirondacks to 2000 feet altitude. The observations of E. S. Miller upon the time of blooming of the species on Long Island, are worth repetition. JJ. minor and U. inter¬ media bloom early, in June or July, while U . purpurea, U. resupinata, U. inflata, U. gibba, U. macrorliiza, U. cornuta and U . fibrosa Walt, bloom later, from the last of July on into September. Section 2 Megacista DC. 8 Utricularia radiata Small, FI. SE. U. S. 1090. 1903 Small swollen bladderwort U. inflata Bigel. FI. Bost. 8. 1824; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 19. 1843. Not Walt. U. inflata var. minor Chapm. FI. So. U. S. 282. i860 U. ceratophylla Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 12. 1803; LeConte, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1 : 73- 1824 In ponds, eastern and southern New York. Rare. Ponds near Albany, Beck (State Herbarium). Ponds on Long Island, Torrey. Long Island, C. F. Austin. Wading River, E. S. Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 2: 40. 1871). Section 3 Vesiculina (Raf.) V e s i c u 1 i n a Raf. FI. Tellur. 4: 109. 1838 9 Utricularia purpurea Walt. FI. Car. 64. 1788 Purple bladderwort U. saccata LeConte; Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 21. 1816 V. saccata Raf., l.c. V. purpurea Raf., l.c. On muddy or wet shores of small lakes and ponds. Frequent in the Adirondack region and on eastern Long Island. Elsewhere rare and local. Long Island, G. B. Brainerd (Torr. Club Bui. 2; 20. 1871). Wad¬ ing River, E. S. Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 2: 40. 1871). Beaver lake, Lewis county, B. D. Gilbert (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 362. 1879). Woodruff pond and Lake Harris, Essex county, House. Hewitt pond, Essex county, House. Tooley pond, Clare, St Lawrence county, Mrs 0. P. Phelps. Section 4 Lecticula ( Barnhart) Lecticula Barnhart; in Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. ed. 2, 3: 230. 1913 10 Utricularia resupinata B. D. Greene; Bigel, FI. Bost. ed. 3, 10. 1840 Reclined bladderwort U. Greenei Oakes, in Hovey’s Mag. Hort. 7: 180. 1841 L. resupinata Barnhart, l.c. Margins of ponds and lakes. Frequent and widely distributed throughout the Adirondack region and the northern part of the State. Utica, Kneiskern (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 22. 1843, in footnote ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 635 under U. minor). North woods, Gilbert, and mossy sloughs at Fenton’s tract, Lewis county, Mrs Charles Barnes (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 352. 1879). Lewis county, Gilbert (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 362. 1879) . Beaver lake, Lewis county, Tweedy (Torr. Club Bui. 7: 19. 1880) . Big Moose lake, Herkimer county, and Twitchell lake, Herki¬ mer county, Tweedy (Torr. Club Bui. 7: 19. 1880). Lake Jimmy and Lake Sallie, Essex county, Peck (30th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 68. 1878). Mendon ponds, Monroe county, Baxter (Proc. Roches¬ ter Acad. 3: 92. 1896). Hannibal, Oswego county, Sheldon. Lake Harris, Essex county, House. Wading River, Long Island, E. S. Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 2: 40. 1871). Sections Setiscapella (Barnhart) Setiscapella Barnhart, l.c. 230 11 Utricularia subulata L. Sp. PI. 18. 1753 Zigzag or tiny bladderwort U. setacea Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 12. 1803 S', subulata Barnhart, l.c. In wet sandy soil, chiefly on or near shores. Rare. Riverhead, Long Island, Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 58. 1878). Fort Edward, Vandenburg (Peck, in 31st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 30. 1879). Whitesboro, Oneida county, Gates (Beck herbarium). U. cleistogama (A. Gray) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. 9: 12. 1889 U. subulata var. cleistogama Gray, Syn. FI. 21: 317. 1878 S. cleistogama Barnhart, l.c. Apparently a form of the preceding species, due to arrested de¬ velopment. Reported from Long Island ( Burnham & Latham, Torreya 14: 250. 1914; Taylor, FI. Vic. N. Y. 564. 1915). Section 6 Oligocista DC. S to mo is i a Raf. FI. Tellur. 4: 108. 1838 12 Utricularia cornuta Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 12. 1803 Horned bladderwort S. cornuta Raf., l.c. On wet borders of ponds, or in bogs. Locally common across the State northward. Less frequent or rare southward to Rensselaer county, central New York, in Herkimer, Oneida, and westward to Seneca, Oswego and Wayne counties. Frequent on eastern Long Island. Not reported from Staten Island or from the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. 13 Utricularia juncea Vahl, Enum. 1 : 202. 1804 Rush bladderwort U. personata LeConte; Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 23. 1816 S. juncea Barnhart, l.c. 232 Riverhead, Long Island. The only station reported in this State. 636 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 14 Utricularia virgatula Barnhart, Torr. Club Bui. 34: 580. 1908 Fairy-wand bladderwort .S', virgatula Barnhart, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 3: 232. 1913 Reported from Riverhead, Long Island, Barnhart, and from Woodmere, Nassau county, Bicknell. Family 26 OROBANCHACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 287. 1836 Broomrape family APHYLLON Mitchell, Diss. Brevis Prim. Bot. & Zool. 1769 Thalesia Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 267. 1818 Loxanthes Raf. Neogen. 3. 1825 Anoplanthus Endl. Icon. Gen. PI. 12. pi. 72. 1838 Aphyllon uniflorum (L.) T. & G. ; A. Gray, Man. 290. 1848 Pale or naked broomrape, on-e-flowered broomrape Orobanche uniflora L. Sp. PI. 633. 1753 O. biflora Nutt. Gen. 2: 59. 1818 A. uniflorus Endl., l.c. Thalesia uniflora Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 298. 1894 In woods and thickets. Infrequent but widely distributed across the State, chiefly south of the Adirondack region, but apparently not in the Catskills. OROBANCHE (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 632. 1753 Orobanche minor J. E. Smith, Engl. Bot. pi. 422. 1797 Lesser or clover broomrape Parasitic on the roots of clover. Reported from New York south¬ ward. Naturalized from Europe, and rare in this State. CONOPHOLIS Wallr. Orobanch. 78. 1825 Conopholis americana (L.f.) Wallr., l.c. Squawroot, cancerroot Orobanche americana L. f. Suppl. 88. 1767 In rich woods at or near the base of trees. Infrequent or locally common across the State south of the Adirondacks, but not reported from Long Island and very rare on Staten Island. LEPTAMNHJM Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 267. 1818 Epifagus Nutt. Gen. 2: 60. 1818 Leptamnium virginianum (L.) Raf.; A. Gray, Syn. FI. 21: 314. 1878 (as synonym). Beechdrops Orobanche virginiana L. Sp. PI. 633. 1753 Epifagus americana Nutt., l.c. E. virginiana Bart. Comp. FI. Phila. 2: 50. 1818 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 637 In woods, especially under beech trees. Frequent throughout most sections of the State, where the beech grows. Rare on Long Island. Family 27 BIGNONIACEAE Pers. Syn. 2: 168. 1807 Trumpet creeper family BIGNONIA L. Sp. PI. 633. 1753 Gelsemium [Weinm. 1742] Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 479. 1891 Bignonia radicans L., l.c. 624. Trumpet flower, trumpet creeper Tecoma radicans DC. Prodr. 9: 223. 1845 Campsis radicans Seem. Jour. Bot. 5: 362. 1867 G. radicans Kuntze, l.c. Native from southern New Jersey and Pennsylvania southward. Common in cultivation in many parts of New York and occasionally escaped or established, especially in the southern part of the State. CATALPA Scop. Introd. 170. 1771 Catalpa Catalpa (L.) Karst. Deutsch. FI. 927. 1882 Catalpa, Indian or smoking bean, candletree Bignonia Catalpa L. Sp. PI. 622. 1753 C. bignonioides Walt. FI. Car. 64. 1788 Native of the Gulf States. Common in cultivation and established northward to southern and central New York. Catalpa speciosa Warder., common in cultivation, has more showy flowers, but is less inclined to become established eastward. Native of the Mississippi valley. Family 28 MARTYNIACEAE Link, Handb. 1 : 504. 1829 Unicorn plant family MARTYNIA L. Sp. PI. 618. 1753 Martynia louisiana Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 3. 1768 Unicorn plant, elephant’s trunk M. proboscidea Glox. Obs. 14. 1785 In waste places. Occasional in cultivation and sometimes escaped, but rarely long persistent except in southern New York. Native of the Mississippi valley from Indiana to Iowa, Utah, Texas and New Mexico. On the Hudson above Albany Torrey (FI. N. Y. 2 : 26. 1843) Greenbush, 1827; Lewiston, Niagara county, 1863, G. W. Clinton (19th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 200. 1866). 638 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Sesamum indicum L. Sp. PI. 634. 1753. Native of tropical regions, has been found as a waif on Staten Island, Hollick (Torreya 22: 3. 1922). Family 29 ACANTHACEAE J. St. Hill. Expos. Fam. x : 236. 1805 Acanthus family DIANTHERA L. Sp. PI. 27. 1753 Dianthera americana L., l.c. Dense-flowered water willow Justicia americana Willd. Sp. PI. 1 : 92. 1797 /. pedunculosa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 7. 1803 D. ensiformis Walt. FI. Car. 63. 1788 In shallow water, -edges of ponds, lakes, streams and in swamps and marshes. Locally common across the State south of the Adi¬ rondack mountains. Not found on Long Island and reported as rare on Staten Island. Not known from the Hudson valley and apparently very rare east of Oneida and Orange counties. . L~- < Family 30 PHRYMACEAE Schauer in DC. Prodr. 11 : 520. 1847 Lopseed family PHRYMA L. Sp. PI. 601. 1753 Phryma Leptostachya L., l.c. Lopseed In woods and thickets. Common throughout most sections of the State, but very rare on the coastal plain of Long Island. Family 31 PLANT AGIN ACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 267. 1836 Plantain family PLANTAGO (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 112. 1753 1 Plantago major L., l.c. Common or greater plantain, dooryard plantain In waste places, fields, meadows and sometimes in open woods. Common in most sections of the State. Regarded as in part indi¬ genous, but largely introduced and naturalized from Europe. Var. intermedia (Gilib.) Decne, in DC. Prodr. 13: 700. 1849 P. intermedia Gilibert, PI. Europ. 1: 125. 1785 P. halophila Bicknell, in Britton, Man. 1051. 1901 Common in and about the borders of salt marshes along the coastal region of southeastern New York, also inland at Oneida lake, House ; Onondaga lake, Sheldon, Saranac lake, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 67: 20. 1903), and numerous other localities, mostly on shores or in saline soil across the State. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 639 Var. asiatica (L.) Decne, l.c. P. asiatica L. Sp. PI. 113. 1753 Infrequent across the northern part of the State. Racquette lake, Peck. 2 Plantago Rugellii Decne, l.c. Rugel’s or pale plantain, whiteman’s foot In fields, woods and waste places. Frequent or locally common across the State, chiefly south of the Adirondacks. 3 Plantago lanceolata L. Sp. PI. 113. 1753 Rib-grass, lance-leaved or narrow-leaved plantain In fields, open woods and waste places. Very common, usually as a weed. Naturalized from Europe. Var. sphaerostachya Mert. & Koch, in Roehling, Deutschl. FI. 1 : 803. 1823. Spike at beginning of anthesis subglobose, rounded to apex, in fruit subglobose to cylindric and obtuse, o. 5-2.3 cm long; leaf-blades mostly narrower and shorter than typical P. lanceolata, which has spikes narrowly ovoid-conic and tapering to apex, cylin¬ dric and obtuse in fruit, 1.5-8 cm long and leaves glabrous or nearly so (cf. Fernald, Rhodora 24: 203. 1922). Whitney’s Point, Broome county, Peck, Long Island, House, and doubtless elsewhere. 4 Plantago media L. l.c. 113 Lamb’s tongue In waste places. Infrequent. Naturalized from Europe. Ithaca, Dudley (41st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 57. 1888). Canan¬ daigua, Webster (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 94. 1917). Southold, Long Island, Burnham & Latham (Torreya 14: 251. 1914). 5 Plantago eriopoda Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2 : 237. 1827 Native of the western states. Reported as adventive at Brooklyn by Jelliffee (Hulst, Torreya 4: 100. 1904). 6 Plantago cordata Lam. Tabl. Encyc. 1 : 338. 1791 P. kentuckensis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 94 1803 Native of the central and western states. Recorded from New York Island and Fishkill (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1843), and Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 568. 1915), states that it was collected many years ago at Mattewan. 7 Plantago gibbosa Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 344. 1818 Sea or seaside plantain P. decipiens Barneoud, Mon. Plantag. 16. 1845 P. maritima var. juncoides Gray, Man. ed. 5, 31 1 P. juncoides Wood, Classbook 507. 1861 640 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In salt marshes and along the shores of Long Island and Staten Island and up the tidal streams and rivers of southeastern New York. Frequent or common. Often referred to the related but distinct P. maritima L. 8 Plantago aristata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 95. 1803 Large-bracted plantain P. patagonica var. aristata Gray, Man. ed. 2, 269. 1856 In dry, usually sandy fields and waste places. Locally common across the State south and west of the Adirondacks, and on Long Island. Perhaps in part naturalized from the West. 9 Plantago virginica L. Sp. PI. 113. 1753 Dwarf or white dwarf plantain In dry soil. Common in the southern and western sections of the State, northward to Saratoga, Oneida and Ontario and Erie counties. 10 Plantago pusilla Nutt. Gen. 1 : 100. 1818. Slender plantain ? P. pauciflora Pursh, FI. 99. 1814. Not Gilib. P. maritima Barton, Prodr. FI. Phila. 26. 1815. Not L. In dry, usually sandy soil. Infrequent on the eastern end of Long Island and on Fisher’s Island. Formerly on New York Island. LITTORELLA L. Mant. 2: 295. 1771 Littorella uniflora (L.) Aschers. FI. Brand. 544. 1864 Plantain shoreweed, shore grass Plantago uniflora L. Sp. PI. 115. 1753 L. lacustris L. Mant. 2: 295. 1771 On the Vermont side of Lake Champlain, Pringle ; and hence to be expected in northern New York. Family 32 RUBIACEAE B. Juss. Hort. Trian. 1759 Madder family HOUSTONIA L. Sp. PI. 105. 1753 1 Houstonia coerulea L., l.c. Bluets, innocence, eyebright H. Linnaei var. elatior Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 85. 1803 Hedyotis coerulea Hook. FI. Bor. Am. x: 286. 1833 Oldenlandia coerulea A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 174. 1856 In open, usually moist or rocky and grassy places, wet rocks or meadows. Common across the northern part of the State, but ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 641 inclined to be somewhat local in distribution southward and west¬ ward. Less frequent westward and southward, especially outside of the mountains ; reported but not definitely known on Long Island, and rare on Staten Island and in the Bronx. Forma albiflora Millsp. (FI. W. Va. 375. 1892), with white flowers, occurs in a few localities. This does not seem to be like the alpine white var. Faxonorum Pease & Moore (Rhodora 9: 210. 1907). 2 Houstonia longifolia Gaertn. Fruct. 1 : 226. pi. 49. f. 8. 1788 Long-leaved houstonia H. angustifolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 106. 1814. Not Michx. H. obtusifolia Raf. Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 5: 226. 1820 Hedyotis longifolia Hook., l.c. 286 Houstonia purpurea var. longifolia Gray, Man. ed. 5, 212. 1868 In dry open places, often on rocks. Locally common across the northern part of the State, southward to the foothills of the Catskills, and the Hudson highlands. Less frequent westward across the State, and southward to the Hempstead plains of Long Island. Apparently rare in the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. 3 Houstonia canadensis Willd. ; R. & S. Syst. 3: 527. 1818 Fringed houstonia H. ciliolata Torrey, FI. U. S. 1: 173. 1824 Hedyotis ciliolata Torrey; Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 40. 1827 Anotis ciliolosa G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 535. 1834 Houstonia purpurea var. ciliolata A. Gray, l.c. 212 On rocks, rocky banks and shores. Rare from Jefferson county westward along the Great Lakes. Goat Island, Niagara Falls, Hadley ; Genesee river near Rochester, Dewey, Carey, shore of Lake Ontario and banks of Black river, Kneiskern (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 316. 1843). Gravelly hillsides along shore of Lake Ontario ; Sackett’s Harbor and banks of Black river, Kneiskern ; old fort grounds at Oswego ; Genesee falls, Aiken , Rochester, Dewey (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 89. 1865). Cale¬ donia, Mrs Matthews (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 71. 1896). Oswego, Wibbe, Sheldon. Collins, Erie county, Perkins. OLDENLANDIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 1191. 1753 Oldenlandia uniflora L., l.c. Clustered bluets O. glomerata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 83. 1803 Hedyotis glomerata Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 188. 1816 Edrastima uniflora Raf. Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 6: 269. 1834 642 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In low grounds. Rare in the southeastern part of the State. Wading River, E. S. Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 2: 40. 1871). Island of New York and near Brooklyn, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 1: 317. 1843). Richmond and Tottenville, Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 259. 1878; 9: 150. 1882). CEPHALANTHUS L. Sp. PI. 95. 1753 Cephalanthus occidentalis L., l.c. Buttonbush, butterbush, pond dogwood In swamps, low grounds, borders of ponds, lakes and streams. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State. MITCHELLA L. Sp. PI. in. 1753 Mitchella repens L., l.c. Partridge-berry, twinberry, squawberry In woods. Common or frequent throughout most sections of the State, but rare or absent in many parts of the sandy coastal plain. Forma leucocarpa Bissell, with white fruits ; occurs at Moravia, Cayuga county (Torr. Club Bui. 8: hi. 1881; 35th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 145. 1884) DIODIA L. Sp. PI. 104. 1753 Diodia teres Walt. FI. Car. 87. 1788 Rough buttonweed Spcrmacoce diodina Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 82. 1803 In dry or sandy soil. Locally frequent on Long Island and Staten Island. Rare and apparently adventive northward to Monroe county, Booth (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 19. 1910). RUBIA L. Sp. PI. 109. 1753 Rubia tinctoria L., l.c. European madder Occasional in cultivation. Reported as established at Smith’s Basin, Washington county, Burnham (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 139: 29. 1910). GALIUM L. Sp. PI. 105. 1753 1 Galium verum L., l.c. 107 Yellow bedstraw In waste places, fields and roadsides. Infrequent in several localities throughout the State, but apparently increasing. Natural¬ ized from Europe. 2 Galium tricorne Stokes; With. Bot. Arr. Br. PI. ed. 2, 1: 153. 1787 Rough-fruited corn bedstraw In waste places and on ballast, .An infrequent or rare adventive in southeastern New York. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 643 3 Galium Aparine L., l.c. 108 Clevers, goose grass In various situations. Apparently indigenous in marshes along the coastal region. Frequent as a weed across the State south of the Adirondacks, where doubtless in large part naturalized from Europe. 4 Galium pilosum Ait. Hort. Kew. i : 145. 1789 Hairy bedstraw G. puncticulosurn Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 80. 1803 G. pilosum var. puncticulosurn T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2 : 24. 1841 In dry or sandy soil, of open fields or thin woods. Frequent or locally common across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks and -extreme northern section of the State. A dwarfed specimen was described by Peck (46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 44. 1893) as var. parvum. 5 Galium lanceolatum Torrey, FI. U. S. 168. 1824 Torrey’s wild liquorice G. circaesans var. lanceolatum Torr. Cat. PI. N. Y. 23. 1819 G. Torreyi Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 56. 1824 In dry woods. Frequent across the State below 2000 feet in the Adirondacks. Not reported from Long Island. Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 2: 26. 1887), reports a form from Rensselaer county, with white flowers. 6 Galium circaezans Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 80. 1803. Wild liquorice G. brachiatum Muhl. Cat. 15. 1813 G. circaeoidcs R. & S. Syst. 3: 256. 1818 G. boreale Walt. FI. Car. 257. 1788. Not L. In dry woods. Frequent throughout the State, except the higher elevations of the Adirondack region, and rare on the coastal plain. Var. glabrum Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 24: 32. 1894), has been found at Whitehall, Washington county, Satidlake, Rensselaer county, and New Scotland, Albany county, Peck (46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 44. 1893), and is probably not rare across the State. 7 Galium kamtschaticum Steller ; R. & S. Mant. 3 : 186. ' 1827 Northern wild liquorice G. Littellii Oakes; in Hovey’s Mag. Hort. 7: 179. 1841 G. circaezans var. montanum T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 24. 1841 Subalpine elevations of the Adirondacks. Mount Marcy and Marcy trail, Essex county, Britton (Peck in 46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 21. 1893; Torr. Club Bui. 21: 31. 1894; 49th Rep’t State Mureus 25. 1896). Indian Pass, House. Santanoni brook. House. 21 644 new YORK STATE MUSEUM 8 Galium boreale L. Sp. PI. 108. 1753 Northern bedstraw G. septentrionale R. & S. Syst. 3: 253. 1818 G. strictitrn Torrey in Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 254. 1818 In rocky or gravelly soil, or along streams and shores of lakes. Frequent across the State northward, but rare south of the Hudson highlands and unknown on Long Island or Staten Island. Occa¬ sionally found in swamps, as in Bergen swamp, Genesee county. 9 Galium triflorum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 80. 1803 Sweet-scented or fragrant bedstraw G. cuspidatum Muhl. Cat. 15. 1813 G. brachiatum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 103. 1814 G. pennsylvanicum Bart. Comp. FI. Phila. 83. 1818. Not Muhl. In woods and thickets. Generally common across the State, but less so southward, and rare on Long Island. 10 Galium Mollugo. L. Sp. PI. 107. 1753 Wild madder In fields and waste places. Locally frequent as a weed in south¬ ern New York and somewhat sparingly so northward and westward across the State. Naturalized from Europe. 11 Galium erectum Huds. FI. Angl. 1: 56. 1762 In fields and waste places. Infrequent as a naturalized weed in various localities across the State. Native of Europe. 12 Galium sylvaticum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 155. 1762 Wood bedstraw In fields and thickets. A rare adventive, native of Europe. Pitts- ford, Monroe county, Killip (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 94. 1917). Trenton Falls, Peck. 13 Galium tinctorium L. Sp. PI. 106. 1753 Stiff marsh bedstraw, wild madder G. obtusum Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 5.5. 1824 G. trifidum var. latifolium Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 78. 1826 G. trifidum var. tinctorium T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 22. 1841 In damp shady places, wet meadows or swamps, and thickets. Occasional or locally frequent across the State especially in the northern and eastern counties. Rare westward and on the coastal plain. 14 Galium labradoricum Wiegand, Rhodora 6: 21. 1904 Northern marsh bedstraw G. tinctorium labradoricum Wiegand, Torr. Club Bui. 24: 398. 1897 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 645 In mossy bogs, and marshy shores of lakes and ponds. Common in northern and central New York. Less frequent southward to Columbia county and the Catskill mountain region, Chenango, Tomp¬ kins and Tioga counties, westward to Wayne and Wyoming counties. Perhaps of wider distribution. 15 Galium trifidum L. Sp. PI. 105. 1753 Small bedstraw In sphagnous bogs and cold marshes. Common across the State northward, in central New York and in most of the bogs of the Ontario lowlands. Infrequent or rare southward in the State, and not reported from south of the Catskill region. 16 Galium Claytoni Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 78. 1803 Clayton’s bedstraw G. trifidum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 103. 1814; Torrey, FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 78. 1824. Not L. G. tinctorium Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 54. 1824. Not L. In swamps and damp, usually shaded places. Infrequent in the northern and central sections of the State. Rare westward and southward in the State. 17 Galium palustre L. Sp. PI. 105. 1753. Marsh bedstraw In damp shady or open places, often along roadsides and in ditches, or the margins of swamps. Frequent or locally common across the State northward. Infrequent southward, and south of the Hud¬ son highlands, and in most of the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. Reported from one locality on Long Island. 18 Galium concinnum T. & G. FI. N. Am. N. Am. 2 : 23. 1841 Shinning bedstraw G. parviflorum Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 360. 1808 ? Chiefly south of our borders. The state herbarium contains a single specimen without definite locality indicated, but which is supposed to have been collected in southern New York. 19 Galium asprellum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 78. 1803. Rough bedstraw G. pennsylvanicum Muhl. Cat. 15. 1813 G. spinulosum Raf. Prec. Decouv. 40. 1814 In moist soil. Common in most sections of the State, but infre¬ quent or rare in most parts of Long Island and Staten Island. 646 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM SHERARDIA (Dill.) L. Sp. PL 102. 1753 Sherardia avensis L., l.c. Blue Field Madder. Herb Sherard. In waste places. Occasional or rare as a weed. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. Rochester, Vollcrtscn (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 19. 1910). ASPERULA L. Sp. PI. 103. 1753 1 Asperula arvensis L., l.c. In waste places on Staten Island, Britton & Hollick (Torr. Club Bui. 12: 39. 18S5). Adventive from Europe. 2 Asperula glauca (L.) Bess. Enum. PI. Volh. 7. 1821. Bedstraw asperula Asperula galloides Bieb. FI. Taur. Cauc. 1: 101. 1808 Galium glaucum L. Sp. PI. 107. 1753 A rare adventive in waste places. Native of Europe. Family 33 CAPRIFOLIACEAE Vent. Tabl. 2: 593. 1799 Honeysuckle family SAMBUCUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 269. 1753 1 Sambucus canadensis L., l.c. Elder, elderberry In moist soil. Common throughout the State, except at elevations of more than 3000 feet in the Adirondacks. A form (forma atroflavula House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243- 244: 41. 1923) with dark yellow fruit is reported from near Rochester, Dunbar (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 18. 1910). 2 Sambucus racemosa L. Sp. PI. 270. 1753 R-ed-berried elder S. pubesccns Pers. Syn. 1 : 328. 1805 S. pubens Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 181. 1803 S. racemosa pubens House, Woody PI. Western N. C. 32. 1913 In rocky or moist woodlands. Common across the State but less so southward and not reported from Long Island or Staten Island. Forma laciniata (Koch) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 29. 1923 S. racemosa var. laciniata Koch; 5. racemosa var. dissecta Britton In woods at Indian Lake, Hamilton county, Peck (27th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. hi. 1877). Forma leucocarpa ( T. & G. ) House, l.c. 69 (var. leucocarpa T. & G.). In the Catskill mountains, according to Torrey (FI. N. Y. 1:302. 1843). A form with yellow fruit, forma xanthocarpa House, 1. c. 41, is reported from Monroe county, Dunbar (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 18. 1910). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 647 VIBURNUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 267. 1753 1 Viburnum alnifolium Marsh. Arb. Am. 102. 1785 Hobblebush, American wayfaring tree, mooseberry V. lantanoidcs Michx. FI. Bor. Am. x: 179. 1803 V. Lantana var. canadense Pers. Syn. 1 : 327. 1805 In moist or low woods. Common across the State northward, and westward to Lake Erie. Less frequent southward to the Pennsyl¬ vania border and to the Hudson highlands and locally in West¬ chester county. Peck (52d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 651. 1899) describes a form with pink flowers, forma roseum House. 2 Viburnum Opulus L. Sp. PI. 268. 1753 Cranberry tree, wild guelder rose V. trilobum Marsh. Arb. Am. 162. 1785 V. Opulus var. americanuni Ait. Hort. Kew. x: 373. Not V. americanum Mill. V. Opulus edule Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 180. 1803 V. Opulus prima Michx., l.c. V. edulum & V. primina Raf. Med. Repos. (II) 5: 354. 1808 V. O.rycoccus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 203. 1814 In low woods and wet ground, often in wooded swamps. Com¬ mon northward in the State. Less frequent or rare in the western counties and southward to the Pennsylvania border, and in the Hudson valley region southward to Dutchess county and the Catskill mountains. 3 Viburnum eradiatum (Oakes) House, Am. Mid. Nat. 7: 130. 1921 Few-flowered cranberry tree V. pauciflorum Pylaie; T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 17. 1841. Not Raf. Alsog. Am. 58. 1838 V. Opulus var. eradiatum Oakes, in Hovey’s Mag. Hort. 7: 183. 1841 In cool mountainous woods and along shaded streams of the slopes of the higher Adirondacks, especially Mount Marcy, Mount McIn¬ tyre, Mount Clinton, Santanoni and a few other high elevations in the northern part of the State. 4 Viburnum acerifolium L. Sp. PI. 268. 1 7 53 Maple-leaved arrow-wood, dockmackie In dry or moist woods and thickets. Common throughout most sections of the State, but rare or lacking in many portions of Long Island and Staten Island. 5 Viburnum affine Bush; Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubh. 2: 649, 1911 ; Blake, Rhodora 20: 11-15. 1918 Downy-leaved arrow-wood ? V. rnllosum Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 361. 1808. Not Sw. ? V. Rafinesquianum Schult. Syst. 6: 630. 1820 V. pubescens of N. Y. reports, not Pursh 648 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In rocky woods and on banks. Occasional or locally common from Lake Champlain and the eastern Adirondack foothills south¬ ward and westward across the State. On Long Island, known only from near Port Washington. Taylor. The New York form belongs to the var. hvpomalacum Blake, l.c. 14. 6 Viburnum dentatum L. Sp. PI. 268. 1753 Arrow-wood V. dentatum var. lucidum Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 372. 1789 V. dentatum var. glabellum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 179. 1803 In moist soil, especially in swamps and along the borders of ponds and lakes. Common across the State and below 2500 feet altitude in the Adirondacks. 7 Viburnum pubescens (Ait.) Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 202. 1814 Veiny arrow-wood V. dentatum var. pubescens Ait. Hort. Kew. 1 : 372. 1789 V. venosum Britton, Man. 871. 1901 In moist thickets on the eastern portion of Long Island, where rare or infrequent. 8 Viburnum cassinoides L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 384. 1762 Withe-rod, wild rasin, Appalachian tea V. nudum var. cassinoides T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 14. 1841 V. pyrifolium Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 202. 1814 V. nudum Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 279. 1833. Not L. In swamps and wet soil. Common throughout most sections of the State, but locally rare in some of the southern and southeastern portions. Torrey (FI. N. Y. 1: 304. 1843), seems to have confused the distribution, but not the descriptions of V . nudum (var. Claytoni ) and V. cassinoides, ascribing the former to the northern and western portions of the State, and the latter to the cedar swamps of Long Island, while the reverse is true, at least as the species are now understood. 9 Viburnum nudum L. Sp. PI. 268. 1753 Large or naked withe-rod V. nudum var. Claytoni T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 14. 1841 In swamps, especially cedar swamps on Long Island. Rare on the south side of Long Island and on Staten Island. Also reported from Woodlawn, New York City. Not known farther northward in the State. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 10 Viburnum Lentago L. Sp. PL 268. 1753 Nanny berry, sheep berry, sweet viburnum In rich, usually moist soil. Frequent across the State northward, except in the higher Adirondack^. Rare southward especially on Long Island and Staten Island. Var. sphaerocarpum A. Gray; Fernald, Rhodora 10:86. 1908, with smaller, globose fruit. Rare. V. Jackii Rehder (Jour. Arnold Arb. 2: 125. 1920), with characters' inter¬ mediate between V. lentago and V. prunifolium, is regarded by Sargent (Man. ed. 2, 889. 1922) as a hybrid between those species. 11 Viburnum prunifolium L. Sp. PI. 268. 1753 Black haw, stagbush, sloe In dry soil. Frequent or common in the southeastern part of the State, except in the pine-barrens. Rare north and west of the Hudson highlands. 12 Viburnum Lantana L. Sp. PI. 268. 1753 Wayfaring tree Common in cultivation and rarely established. Native of Europe and Asia. TRIOSTEUM L. Sp. PI. 176. 1753 1 Triosteum perfoliatum L., l.c. Feverwort, horse gentian T. majus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 107. 1803 In rich soil in open woods, fields and thickets. Rare northward and westward across the State, but rather frequent southward on Long Island and Staten Island. 2 Triosteum aurantiacum Bicknell, Torreya 1 : 26. 1901 Scarlet-fruited horse gentian T. perfoliatum var. aurantiacum Wiegand, Rhodora 25 : 202. 1923 In rich woods and thickets. Occasional or locally common across the State, northward to Washington, Warren, Herkimer and St Lawrence counties, westward to Lake Erie. Rare and local on Long Island and Staten Island. Var. glaucescens Wiegand (Rhodora 20: 116. 1918 ; 25: 202. 1923), is described from Cayuga county. 3 Triosteum angustifolium L., l.c. Yellow or narrow-leaved horse gentian In rich soil, chiefly south of our borders. Reported from Manhas- set and Glen Cove, Long Island, I. Coles (Torr. Club. Bui. 1 : 41 ; 2 : 2. 1871; 34th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 41. 1881). 650 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM LINNAEA (Gronov.) L. Sp. PI. 631. 1753 Linnaea borealis L. Sp. PI. 631. 1753; var. americana (Forbes) Rehder, Rhodora 6 : 56. 1904 American twin flower, deer vine L. americana Forbes, Hort. Woburn. 135. 1825 In cool woods. Common throughout the Adirondacks and across the northern part of the State. Less frequent or local southward to the Catskill mountains in Greene, Ulster and Delaware counties, and westward across the State, but much less common southward and westward. Formerly at Babylon, Long Island, Merriam (Torr. Club Bui. 2 : 26. 1871 ) . Forma candicans House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 34. 1923, with pure white flowers, occurs at Lake Bonaparte, Lewis county. SYMPHORICARPOS (Dill.) Ludwig, Def. 35. 1760 Symphoria Pers. Syn. 1: 214. 1805 I Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake, Rhodora 16: 119. 1914 Snowberry, waxberry Vaccinium album L. Sp. PI. 350. 1753 S. racemosus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 107. 1803 Loniccra racemosa Pers. Syn. 1 : 214. 1805 Symphoria alba Raf. New FI. 3: 21. 1837 In rocky places and on river banks. Frequent across the State northward. In southern New York, chiefly as an escape from culti¬ vation. Port Henry, Peck. Central Bridge, Peck. Helderberg moun¬ tains, Pearson; Otsego county, Lathrop; along the Black river be¬ tween Watertown and Dexter ; Genesee falls, Carey ; Greece, Mon¬ roe county, Bradley (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 87. 1865). Dekalb, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. Hammond and Canajo- harie, Peck. Lake Bonaparte, Lewis county ; Green lake, Onondaga county, House. Mendon, Gannett; Oak Orchard creek, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 70. 1896; 5: 19. 1910). Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno. Ravines and cliffs along Cayuga lake, Dudley (Cayuga Flora 43. 18S6). Niagara Falls, Day (PI. Buffalo' 39. 1883). Var. laevigatus (Fernald) Blake, l.c. 119. (S. racemosus var. laevigatus Fernald, Rhodora 7: 167. 1905), is less frequent and found chiefly in the southern part of the State, elsewhere apparently as an escape from cultivation. The so-called var. pauciflorus (Robbins) Blake, l.c. (S. racemosus var. pauciflorus Robbins, in Gray, Man. ed. 5, 203. 1867), is a condition, rather than a constant variety, and may be found occa¬ sionally wherever the typical species grows in particularly sterile or exposed places. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 65 1 2 Symphoricarpos Symphoricarpos (L.) MacM. Torr. Club. Bui. 19:15. 1892 Coral berry, Indian currant Lonicera Symphoricarpos L. Sp. PI. 175. 1753 .S'. orbiculatus Moench, Meth. 503. 1794 S. vulgaris Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 106. 1803 Symphoria glomerata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 161. 1814 Frequent in cultivation, and possibly indigenous along streams and in rocky woods, in western and southern New York. Occasional northward, apparently as an escape, to Rensselaer, Herkimer, Oswego, Lewis and Monroe counties. LONICERA L. Sp. PI. 173. 1753 Subgenus Caprifolium Caprifolium (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 1 Lonicera Capriofium L., l.c. Italian or perfoliate horeysuckle L. grata Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 231. 1789 Caprifolium gratum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 161. 1814 C. amcricanum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 273. 1891 Occasional in cultivation. Rare as an escape to thickets and shores of streams (Paine, Cat. 87. 1865). Native of Europe. 2 Lonicera hirsuta Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 307. 1818 Hairy honeysuckle L. villosa Muhl. Cat. 22. 1813. Not DC. L. pubcscens Sweet, Hort. Brit. 194. 1827 Caprifolium pubescens Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 6: 323. 1822 L. Goldii Spreng. Syst. 1 : 758. 1825 C. hirsutum Kuntze, l.c. In woodlands and thickets. Frequent northward across the State especially in calcareous districts and locally throughout the Adiron- dacks. Southward to the Hudson highlands, Tioga county and west¬ ward to Chautauqua county. 3 Lonicera glaucescens Rydberg, Torr. Club Bui. 24: 90. 1897 Douglas’s honeysuckle L. Douglasii Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 282. 1833. Not Caprifolium Douglasii Lindl. 1830 Rocky banks and moist shaded slopes. Rare in western New York. Rocky banks of the Genesee river, Rochester, Fuller (Proc. Roches- Acad. 5: 19. 1910). Niagara Falls, Clinton (19th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 73. 1866). West side of Irondequoit bay, House. No. 402 in Dudley’s Cayuga Flora, page 44 (1886) apparently refers to this species. Sandy Creek, Fernald & Wiegand (Rhodora 25: 213. I923)- 652 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 4 Lonicera dioica L. Syst. ed. 12, 165. 1767 Smooth-leaved or glaucous honeysuckle L. glauca Hill, Hort. Kew. 446. pi. 18. 1769 L. parviflora Lam. Encycl. 1: 728. 1783 Caprifolium glaucum Moench, Meth. 505. 1794 C. bracteosum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 105. 1803 C. parviflorurn Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 161. 1814 In rocky and often rather dry situations, sometimes in partially shaded swamps or bogs. Frequent or common across the State northward. Less common in the southern counties of the State and not reported from Long Island. Somewhat variable, often only the upper pair of leaves connate, and the flowers varying in color from nearly yellow to greenish- yellow or purple. Lonicera flava Sims, Bot. Mag. pi. 1318. 1810 ( Caprifolium Fraseri Pursh; Lonicera Fraseri Eaton), native of the southern Appalachian mountains, is reported from the Catskill mountains in nearly all early floras, including Torrey & Gray, upon the authority of Pursh. This was probably a mistake and there is no other evidence that the plant was ever found in this State. It is possible that Pursh’s report rests upon Lonicera hi r s u t a Eaton, at that time (1814), undescribed. , Subgenus Pericljunenum Per icly menu m (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 Phenianthus Raf. Ann. Gen. Sc. Phys. 6: 83. 1820 5 Lonicera sempervirens L. Sp. PI. 173. 1753 Trumpet or coral honeysuckle P. sempervirens Raf., l.c. Periclymenum sempervirens Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 1. 1768 Caprifolium sempennrens Michx., l.c. In low grounds. Infrequent or rare. Perhaps native in the southeastern part of the State, or at least formerly so. Locally else¬ where across the State as an escape. Common in cultivation. Staten Island; Glen Cove and Flatbush (Torr. Club Bui. 1: 41. 1871). Riverdale, Bicknell (Torr. Club Bui. 7 : 52. 1880). Grass- mere, Staten Island, Rusby (Torr. Club Bui. 17: 140. 1890). Staten Island, Burnham (Torreya 13: 249. 1913).- East Marion, Long Island, Burnham & Latham (Torreya 14 : 251. 1914). Sam’s point, Long Island, House. Near Tarrytown and hills eastward, Hall; thickets along Otsego lake, Gilbert; Lathrop (Paine, Cat. 87. 1865). Roadsides near Mumford, Monroe county, Beckzvith (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 19. 19110). Ithaca, Dudley (Cayuga FI. 44. 1886). West Seneca, Erie county, Day (PI. Buffalo 39. 1883). Subgenus Xylosteon Xylosteon (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 Xylosteum Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 501. 1763 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 653 Section i N i n t o o a DC. N i n t o o a Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 2, 258. 1830 6 Lonicera japonica Thunb. FI. Jap. 89. 1784 Japanese or Chinese honeysuckle Nintooa Japonica Sweet, l.c. Freely escaped from cultivation and established in southern New York, and locally elsewhere throughout the State, outside of the higher mountains. Native of eastern Asia. Section 2 Chamaecerasi DC. Chamaecerasus (Tourn.) Medic. Phil. Bot. 1: 126. 1789 7 Lonicera tatarica L. Sp. PI. 173. 1753 Tartarian bush honeysuckle Xylosteum tataricum Medic. Pfl. Anat. 97. 1799 X. cor datum Moench, Meth. 502. 1794 Escaped from cultivation and established locally or more com¬ monly long persistent in neglected grounds. Native of Asia. Forma albiflora (DC.) comb. nov. (L. tatarica var. albiflora DC. Prodr. 4: 335. 1S30; L. pyrenaica Willd. Berl. Baumz. 181. 1796. Not. L.), with white flowers, is often found in cultivation and like the typical species persistent in neglected grounds Forma rubriflora (DC.) comb. nov. (L. tatarica var. rubriflora DC., l.c.), with red flowers, occasional in cultivation. 8 Lonicera canadensis Marsh. Arb. Am. 81. 1785 American or early fly honeysuckle L. ciliata Muhl. Cat. 23. 1813 X. ciliatum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 161. 1814 X. canadense Duham. ex. DC. Prodr. 4 : 337. 1830 L. tatarica Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 166. 1803. Not L. C. ciliatum Kuntze, l.c. In moist, especially rocky woodlands and thickets. Common north¬ ward across the State, especially in calcareous sections, but rare south of the Hudson highlands and rare in the Susquehanna valley. Occasional throughout the western part of the State. Reported from Staten Island. Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club. Bui. 13 : 83. 1886). 9 Lonicera Xylosteum L. Sp. PI. 174. 1753 Europe fly honeysuckle X. vulgare Roehl. Deutsch. FI. ed. 2, 2: 176. 1812 Caprifolium dunietorum Lam. FI. Fr. 3: 367 X. dinnetorum Moench, Meth. 502. 1794 C. Xylosteum Kuntze, l.c. Formerly much used in ornamental shrubbery and hedges. Fre¬ quent as an escape and more common as a persistent shrub in neglected grounds. Native of Europe and Asia. 654 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM DeCandolle (Prodr. 4: 335. 1830) describes three forms (as varieties) based upon the color of the fruit; viz. leucocarpa, berries white ; xanthocarpa, berries yellow ; and melanocarpa, berries black. Section I s i k a e Is i k a Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 501. 1763 Isica Moench, Meth. 504. 1794 10 Lonicera oblongifolia (Goldie) Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 284. pi. 700. 1833 Swamp fly honeysuckle Xylosteum oblongifolium Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 5: 323. 1822 In swamps and bogs. Frequent northward across the State and throughout central and western N-ew York, south to Otsego, Cort¬ land, Tompkins and Tioga counties and westward to Lake Erie and Chautauqua county. Not reported from the Hudson valley or the Lake George region. 11 Lonicera coerulea L. Sp. PI. 174. 1753 Blue or mountain fly honeysuckle Xylosteum villosum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 106. 1803 X. coerulea Dum.-Cours, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, 4: 336. 1811 X. Snlonis Eaton, Man. 26. 1817 L. villosa Muhl. Cat. 22. 1813; Beck, Man. Bot. 150. 1833 X. coeruleum canadense Lam. Encycl. 1 : 731. 1783 X. canadense Duham. Traite des Arb. & Arbus, ed. 2, 2 : 373. 1804 Caprifolium coeruleum Lam. FI. Fr. 3: 366. 1778 Chamaccerasus caerulca Delarb. FI. Auv. ed. 2, 131. 1800 In bogs, swamps and boggy or wet mountain summits. Frequent in northern New York. Rare and local southward to the Hudson highlands and west to Genesee county. Mount Marcy, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 666. 1899). Lake Tear, Peck (31st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 52. 1879). Summit of Mount McIntyre, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 101. 1899). Newcomb, House. Vernon, Oneida county, Douglass; Kneiskern; Phelps, Ontario county, Sartwett (Paine, Cat. 87. 1865) Pough¬ keepsie and highlands of Hudson, Barratt, etc. (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 300. 1843. Bergen swamp, Genesee county, and Wayne county, Hankcnson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 70. 1896). Chautauqua county, Burgess. The subalpine form on Mount Marcy and Mount McIntyre is more dwarfed and somewhat more hairy than the form at lower elevations, but is apparently little more than a condition due to ex¬ posure. The form, at lower elevations has been described by Fernald (Rhodora 12: 210. 1910) as Lonicera coerulea var. calvescens. DIERVILLA (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 W e i g e 1 a Thunb. Act. Stockh. 137. t. 5. 1780 - W e i ge 1 i a Pers. Syn. 1 : 176. 1803 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 655 Diervilla Diervilla (L.) MacM. Torr. Club Bui. 19: 15. 1892 Bush honeysuckle Lonicera Diervilla L. Sp. PI. 175. 1753 D. trifida Moench, Meth. 592. 1794 D. Tournefortii Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 107. 1803 D. canadensis Willd. Enum. 1: 222. 1797 D. lutea Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 162. 1814 D. hutnilis Pers. Syn. 1 : 214. 1805 D. arcadiensis Duham. Arb. 1: t. 87. 1755 D. Lonicera Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, 1768 D. pannflora Raf. New FI. 3: 22. 1838 D. longiflora Raf., l.c. 21 In dry, rocky or sandy woodlands, thickets and open places. Com¬ mon or frequent across the State, especially northward, and locally frequent southward to Staten Island. Not reported from Long Island. DEUTZIA Thunb. Nov. Gen. 19. 1781 Deutzia scabra Thunb., l.c. 19, 20, 21. 1781 Common in cultivation. Native of Asia. Reported by Burnham (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 157: 25. 1912) as being established at Copake Iron Works, Columbia county. Family 34 ADOXACEAE Fritsch; in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenfl. 4: 170. 1891 Moschatel family ADOXA L. Sp. PI. 367. 1753 Adoxa moschatellina L., l.c. Muskroot, hollowroot, moschatel Near Arkville, Delaware county, Miss F. A. Mumford, Taylor (Torreya 13: 78. 1913). Perhaps adventive or naturalized there Native in Iowa and also in Europe. Family 35 VALERI AN ACE AE Batseh, Tabl. Aff. 227. 1802 Valerian family VALERIANA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 31. 1753 1 Valeriana uliginosa (T. & G.) Rydb. ; Britton, Man. 878. 1901 Marsh or swamp valerian V . dioica Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 727. 1814. Not L. V. sylvatica var. uliginosa T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 47. 1841 In wet soil, especially in marshes and bogs. Infrequent or rare in Dutchess county. Increasingly abundant from Otsego and Herki¬ mer counties westward to Genesee county and northward to Lewis county. 656 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Pine Plains, Dutchess county, Hoysradt (Torr. Club Bui. 6: 53. 1875). Junius, Seneca county, J . J . Thomas about 1827, (Dud¬ ley, Cayuga Flora 45. 1886). Savannah, Wayne county, Sartwell (Sartwell herbarium). Wayne county, and Bergen swamp, Genesee county and swamps along the hilltops of southern Herkimer county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 90. 1865). Pecksport, Madison county, House. Summit marsh, Otsego county, House. Bonaparte swamp, Lewis county, House. Victor, Ontario county, Mathews; Powder Mills, Perinton and Bushnell Basin, Baxter ; Mendon, Fish; Newark, Hankenson (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 71. 1896; 5: 94. 1917). Valeriana septentrionalis Rydb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. Mem. 1 : 375. 1900 ( V . sylvatica Banks; Richards. App. Frankl. Jour. ed. 2, 2. (730). 1823. Not F. W. Schmidt), is not definitely known from northern New York, but may be looked for there. 2 Valeriana officinalis L. Sp. PI. 31. 1753 Common, garden or great wild valerian V . sylvestris Gessault, Fig. PI. Anim. Med. t. 609. 1764 Escaped from gardens to roadsides and waste ground. Infrequent or rare, but rather widely distributed across the State, especially northward. Native of Europe and Asia. VALERI ANELLA (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. abr. ed. 4, 1754 1 Valerianella Locusta (L.) Betcke. Anim. Val. 10. 1826 European corn salad Valeriana Locusta & var. olitoria L. Sp. PI. 33. 1753 Valerianella olitoria Poll. Hist. PI. Palat. 1: 30. 1776 In fields and waste places. Infrequent or rare as a weed. Naturalized from Europe. West New Brighton, Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 9: 150. 1882). Frontenac Island, Cayuga lake, Dudley (41st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 57. 1888). Williamsville, J. Peter (53d Rep’t p. 850. 1900). 2 Valerianella chenopodifolia (Pursh) DC. Prodr. 4: 629. 1830 Goosefoot corn salad Fedia chenopodifolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 727. 1814 F. fagopyrum T. & G., FI. N. Am. 2: 51. 1841; Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 319. 1843 In moist meadows and fields. Infrequent or rare from Oneida and Broome counties, westward. Banks of the Mohawk near Utica, Gray; Kneiskern; Penn Yan, Sartzvell (Torrey, l.c.) Common in river meadows of Broome county, Clute; Millspaugh (FI. Upper Susquehanna 53. 1898). Rare. Wayne county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 72. 1896). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 657 3 Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. Hist. Val. 57. 1811 Beaked corn salad Valeriana Locusta var. radiata L. Sp. PI. 34. 1753 Fedia radiata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 118. 1803 In moist soil. Rensselaer and Greene counties to Chenango and Oswego counties and westward. Infrequent or rare. Wynantskill, Rensselaer county, Gordinier (38th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 107. 1888). New Baltimore, Greene county, E. C. Howe (24th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 56. 1872). North of Oxford, Chenango county, Coville (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 54. 1898). Oneida, Madison county, House. Oswego, Sheldon. Hanford’s Landing, '.Baxter; Scottsville, Holser; Lennon (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3:72. 1895). 4 Valerianella Woodsiana (T. & G.) Walp. Rep. 2: 527. 1843 Woods’ corn salad Fedia Woodsiana T. & G., FI. N. Am. 2: 52. 1841 F. umbilicata Sulliv. Am. Jour. Sci. 42 : 50. 1842 F. patallaria Sulliv. ; A. Gray, Man. 183. 1848 In moist meadows and on banks. Rare from Greene and Chan- ango counties southward into Pennsylvania. Alluvial meadows along Chenango river, Oxford, Chenango county, Coville (Torr. Club Bui. 12: 53. 1885, the var. patallaria (Sulliv.) Gray). New Baltimore, Greene county, Howe (24th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 57. 1872, the var. umbilicata (Sulliv.) Gray. Family 36 DIPSACACEAE Lindl. Veg. Kingd. 699. 1847 (Dipsaceae Zinn, 1757) Teasel family DIPSACUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 97. 1753 1 D. Fullonum L., l.c. Fuller’s or Draper’s teasel D. fullorum var. sativum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1677. 1763 Formerly frequent about woolen mills, and persistent in some places. Now very rare as an escape, but occasionally cultivated for its rough stems. Native of Europe. 2 Dipsacus laciniatus L., l.c. Near Beaver park, Albany, in waste ground, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 94: 31. 1905). Adventive from Europe. 3 Dipsacus sylvestris Huds. FI. Angl. 49. 1762 Wild, common or card teasel In waste places. Frequent or common in many sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 658 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM SCABIOSA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 98. 1753 Scabiosa arvensis L., l.c. 99 Field scabious In cultivated fields and waste places. Infrequent or rare. Adven- tive or locally naturalized from Europe. Richmond, Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 13: 83. 1886). Rochester, V ollertsen (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 95. 1917). SUCCISA (Vaill.) Moench, Meth. 488. 1794 Succisa australis (Wulf.) Reichenb. FI. Germ. Exs. 196. 1830 Southern scabious Scabiosa australis Wulf. in Roem. Arch. 3a : 316. 1803 In fields and meadows or along roadsides. Infrequent or locally abundant. Naturalized from Europe. Union Springs, Cayuga county, Dudley (36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 35. 1884; Torr. Club Bui. 20: 169. 1893). Lisle, Broome county, Ingham (Torr. Club Bui. 20: 22. 1893). Montezuma, Dudley (l.c.). Wyoming, Hartnell (P roc. Rochester Acad. 5: 19. 1910). Jordanville, Herkimer county, House. Family 37 CUCURBITACEAE L. (1754)— B. Juss. Hort. Trian. 1759 Gourd family PEPO (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. abr. ed. 4. 1754 The squash, Pepo maximus (Duchesne) Feterm ; the crookneck squash, Pepo moschatus (Duchesne) Sageret; and the pumpkin Pepo vulgaris (L. ) Moench ( Cucurbita Pepo L.) belong to this- genus. Although common in cultivation they are not apt to be per¬ sistent or to become established. ANGURIA (Bauh.) Mill. Gard. Diet. abr. ed. 4. 1754 The Watermelon, Anguria Citrullus (L.) Mill. (Cucurbita Cit- rullus L., Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.), is sometimes spontaneous from seed, but will not mature fruit in this latitude unless started early. CUCURBITA L. Sp. PI. 1010. 1753 The gourd, Curcubita Lagenaria L., l.c. ( Lagenaria vulgaris Ser.) belongs to this genus. Common in cultivation and sometimes persistent for a brief period in waste places, but apparently not tending to become established. CUCUMIS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. ion. 1753 The muskemelon, Cucumis Melo L. and the cucumber, Cucumis sativus L., belong to this genus. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 659 MICRAMPELIS Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 350. 1808 E c h i n o c y s t i s T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1 : 542. 1840 Hexameria T. & G., Torr. Rep. PI. N. Y. 137. 1840 Micrampelis lobata (Michx.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 128. 1890 Wild cucumber, wild balsam apple, mock orange Momordica echinata Muhl. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3: 180. 1793, name only; Willd. Sp. PI. 4 : 605. 1805 Sicyos lobata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 217. 1803 Micrampelis echinata Raf , l.c. Hexameria echinata T. & G. ; Torrey, Rep. PI. N. Y. 137. 1840 E. lobata T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 542. 1840 Along rivers and in moist waste places. Infrequent or rare in the northern part of the State outside of the Adirondacks, from St Lawrence county and Lake Champlain southward and westward. Increasingly common southward, especially along the larger streams and rivers. SICYOS L. Sp. PI. 1013. 1753 Sicyoides [Tourn.] Medic. Phil. Bot. 1: 36. 1789 Sicyos angulatus L., l.c. One-seeded bur cucumber, star cucumber Sicyoides angulatus Medic., l.c. Along river banks and in moist thickets. Locally frequent across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks, and along some of the larger streams and rivers ; southward becoming common. Family 38 CAMPANULACEAE Juss. Gen. 163. 1789 Bellflower Family CAMPANULA L. Sp. PI. 163. 1753 1 Campanula rotundifolia L., l.c. Harebell, blue bells of Scotland On moist rocks and in meadows. Frequent or common across the State northward. Less common southward in the State, except in the semi-mountainous sections. Not reported from Staten Island and known on Long Island only from near Babylon. Forma albiflora (G. Don) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 21. 1923 (C. rotundifolia var. albiflora G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 758. 1838), at Lansingburg, Rensselaer county and Indian pass, Essex county, Peck. 2 Campanula rapunculoides L., l.c. 165 Creeping or European bellflower Roadsides and thickets, sometimes in fields or meadows. Native of Europe and rather common as a naturalized plant in many parts of the State, chiefly north of the Hudson highlands. 66o NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Var. ucranica (Bess.) C. Koch (C. ucranica Bess; C. crenata Link; C. infundibuliformis Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2632), with glabrous calyx, stems nearly or quite glabrous and reddish ; flowers bluish- violet, is rather frequent in many localities, especially northward and westward in the State. 3 Campanula aparinoides Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 159. 1814 Marsh or bedstraw bellflower In grassy swamps and marshes. Frequent or locally abundant across the State, chiefly outside of the Adirondacks, from Lake Champlain, westward and southward. 4 Campanula uliginosa Rydb., in Britton, Man. 885. 1901 Blue marsh bellflower In wet meadows, marshy places and wet shores of ponds and lakes. Common throughout the Adirondack region and locally across the region west of the Adirondacks, central New York and the West¬ ern part of the State. 5 Campanula americana L. Sp. PI. 164. 1753 Tall bellflower C. acuminata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 108. 1803 Cavipanulastrum americanum Small, FI. SE. U. S. 1141. 1903 In moist thickets, open wooded swamps and marshy meadows. Frequent in the western part of the State. Rare and local eastward to the Fludson and Susquehanna valleys. Troy, Aiken & Wright (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 427. 1843). Che¬ mung valley, Kneiskern; Seneca and Crooked lakes, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 100. 1865). Elmira, Lucy; Waverly, Graves (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 66. 1898). Rare near Ithaca, Dud¬ ley (Cayuga FI. 57. 1886). Genesee county, Beckwith; UeRoy, Macauley, Holder ( Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 81. 1896). Swamp 12 miles southeast of Lockport, House. West Seneca, Erie county, Day (PI. Buffalo 49. 1883). JASIONE L. Sp. PI. 928. 1753 Jasione montana L., l.c. She-ep’s-bit In waste places. Adventive on ballast at Hunter’s point in 1879. Also reported in Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. ed, 2, 3: 299. 1913- Laurel, Suffolk county, Latham. SPECULARI A Heist. ; Fabr. Enum. PI. Hort. Helmst. 225. 1763 Legouzia Durand, FI. Bourg. 2: 26. 1782 Triodanis Raf. Ann. Gen. Sc. Phys. 6: 83. 1820 Pentagon ia [Moehr.] Kuntzc. Rev. Gen. PI. 381. 1891 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 66l Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. Mon. Campan. 351. 1830 Venus’s looking-glass Campanula perfoliata L. Sp. PI. 169. 1753 T. rupestris Raf., l.c. C. amplexicaulis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 108. 1803 L. perfoliata Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 309. 1894 P. perfoliata Kuntze, l.c. In dry woods, fields and open places, usually in sterile soil or sandy places. Locally common across the State, chiefly south of the Adirondack region. Increasingly common southward especially on Long Island and Staten Island. Family 39 LOBELIACEAE Dumort. Comm. Bot. 57. 1822 Lobelia family LOBELIA L. Sp. PI. 929. 1753 Section 1 Dort manna Dortmania Neck. Elem. x: 132. 1790; Dortmanna G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 715. 1834 1 Lobelia Dortmanna L., l.c. Water lobelia Dortmanna lacustris G. Don, l.c. Borders of ponds and lakes, usually in sandy soil, sometimes wholly emersed but usually only the top of the flowering spikes above water. Common throughout the Adirondack region and locally southward to Westchester, Putnam and Rockland counties and westward to Oneida and Oswego counties. Also on eastern Long Island. Rockland county, Austin (Torr. Club Bui. 2: 12. 1871). Sam’s Point, Ulster county. Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 10: 106. 1883). West Point, Bailey (Torr. Club Bui. 13: 60. 1886). “all the ponds and lakes of the north woods ’’, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 100. 1865). Grafton, Rensselaer county, Wright & Hall (Cat. PI. Troy 24. 1836). Sag Harbor, Buckley (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 424. 1843). Riverhead, Long Island, H. W. Young (Torr. Club Bui. 4: 41. 1873). Numerous records from the northern part of the State omitted. Section 2 Rapuntium Rapuntium (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 2 Lobelia cardinalis L. Sp. Pi. 930. 1753 Cardinal flower, red lobelia Rapuntium cardinale Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 1. 1768 In moist soil. Frequent or common throughout the State, although rare in some sections of the coastal plain. 66 2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Forma alba (A. Eaton) St John, Rhodora 21 : 218. 1919, with white corollas, occurs at Gull bay, Lake George, Mrs Murdock (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 157: 40. 1912). Wood (Classbook 476. 1861), mentions a form from Potsdam with entire leaves. 3 Lobelia syphilitica L., l.c. 931 Great or blue lobelia R. syphiliticum Moench, Meth. 655. 1794 In moist soil, often in low marshy places, wet woods or swamps. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State. Forma albiflora (Britton) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 55. 1923, occurs on Long Island (Torr. Club Bui. 17: 125. 1890). 4 Lobelia spicata Lam. Encycl. 3: 587. 1789 Pale spiked lobelia L. Claytoniana Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 153. 1803 L. pallida Muhl. Cat. 22. 1813 L. goodenioidcs Willd. Hort. Berol. pi. 30. 1816 R. Claytonianum Presl. Prod. Monog. Lobel. 23. 1836 In dry, usually sandy soil, or in marshes and meadows. Frequent or locally common across the State but local or rare in the Adi¬ rondack region. 5 Lobelia inflata L. Sp. PI. 931. 1753 Indian or wild tobacco, eyebright R. inflation Mill., l.c. No. 5 In fields, woods and thickets, often a weed. Common throughout the State. 6 Lobelia Kalmii L., l.c. 930 Brook or Kalm’s lobelia R. Kalmii Presl., l.c. 23 On wet banks, wet rocks and in low or wet meadows and marshes or springy slopes. Often on sandy or gravelly shores. Common across the State northward. Rare in the southern counties and not reported from south of Westchester county, but formerly on New York Island, according to LeConte. 7 Lobelia Nuttallii R. & S. Syst. 5: 39. 1819 Nuttall’s lobelia L. gracilis Nutt. Gen. 2: 77. 1818. Not Andr. R. Nuttallianum Presl., l.c. 23 In sandy, usually moist soil, chiefly on and in the borders of salt marshes on the south side of Long Island. To be looked for in southern Westchester county and Bronx county. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 663 Family 40 CICHORIACEAE Zinn, Cat. PI. Goett. 1757. Reichenb. FI. Excurs. 248. 1831 Chicory family CICHORIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PL 813. 1753 Cichorium Intybus L., l.c. Chicory, wild succory, blue sailor Roadsides fields and waste places. Common throughout most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. A form with white flowers occurs near Albany. LAPSANA L. Sp. PI. 81 1. 1753 Lapsana communis L., l.c. Nipplewort Along roadsides and in waste places. Infrequent or rare as a weed across the State chiefly south of the Adirondack region. Naturalized from Europe. KRIGIA Schreb. Gen. PI. 532. 1791 Section E u k r i g i a 1 Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1618. 1804 Carolina dwarf dandelion Hyoseris virginica L. Sp. PI. 809. 1753 H. caroliniana Walt. FI. Car. 194. 1788 K. caroliniana Nutt. Gen. 2: 126. 1818 Cynthia virginica Beck, Bot. 169. 1833. Not Don, 1829 Adopogon carolinianum Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 346. 1894 In dry, sandy or sometimes rocky soil. Common on Long Island and Staten Island. Less frequent northward to Rensselaer, Saratoga and Schenectady counties, westward to Oneida, Oswego, Monroe and Erie counties. Section Cynthia Cynthia D. Don, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 12: 305. 1829 Luther a Schultz, in Linnaea 10: 257. 1836 2 Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake, Rhodora 17: 135. 1915 Virginia goat’s beard Tragopogon virginianum L. Sp. PI. 789. 1753- Not Krigia virginica Willd. Hyoseris bi flora Walt. FI. Car. 194. 1788 H. minor J. F. Gmel. Syst. 1182. 1789 H. amplexicaidis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 87. 1803 Krigia amplexicaulis Nutt. Gen. 2: 127. 1818 Cynthia virginica D. Don. Edinb. Phil. Jour. 12: 305. 1829 C. amplexicaulis Beck, Bot. 168. 1833 Adopogon virginicum Shafer, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 1: 71. I9°I In moist woods and meadows. Frequent across the southern part of the state, but somewhat rare on Long Island. Rare and local northward. 664 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ARNOSERIS Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 2: 355. pi. 157. 1791 Arnoseris minima (L.) Dumort. FI. Belg. 63. 1827 Lamb Succory Hyoseris minima L. Sp. PI. 879. 1753 A. pusilla Gaertn., l.c. In fields and waste places. Infrequent or rare as an adventive from Europe. Rochester, Vollcrtsen (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 22. 1910). HYPOCHAERIS (Vaill.) L. Sp. PI. 810. 1753 1 Hypochaeris radiata L., l.c. 81 1. Long-rooted cat’s-ear, gosmore In waste places. Infrequent or rare. Adventive from Europe or locally naturalized. Cedarhurst, Nassau county, Grout (Torreya 2: 53. 1902) Rochester, Vollertsen, Beckwith (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 22. 1910:5:98. 1917). 2 Hypochaeris glabra L., l.c. 810 Smooth gosmore Reported as a waif near New York City. Native of Europe. VIREA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 112. 1763 Leon tod on L. (in part), 1753; Gray, Man. ed. 7, 863. 1908 Section Scorzoneroides Scorzoneroides Moench, Meth. 549. 1794 I Virea autumnalis (L.) S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 430. 1821 Fall dandelion, lion’s tooth Leontodon autumnale L. Sp. PI. 798. 1753 Scorzoneroides autumnalis Moench, l.c. Aparg'a autumnalis Hoffm. Deutsch. FI. ed. 2, 2: 113. 1800 Oporinia autumnalis D. Don, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 12: 309. 1829 In fields, waste places and along railroads and roadsides. In¬ frequent or locally abundant, especially about cities. Naturalized from Europe. Var. pratensis (Link) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 69. 1923 Apargia pratensis Link, Handb. 1: 791. 1829 Leontodon pratensis Reichenb. FI. Germ. Exs. 253. 1830-32 Leontodon autumnalis var. pratensis Koch Usually larger, the involucre and tips of peduncles densely soft- pubescent with blackish hairs. Adventive from Europe and occasional or sometimes more frequent than the typical species. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 665 Section A p a r g i a Apargia Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, 2: 113. 1772 Colobium Roth, in Roem. Arch. 1: 36. 1796 2 Virea hispida (L.) S. F. Gray, l.c. 429 Common hawkbit Leontodon hispidum L. Sp. PI. 799. 1753 Apargia hispida Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1552. 1804 Colobium hispidum Roth, l.c. 37 In ballast and in fields and waste places. A rather uncommon adventive chiefly about New York City, towns and cities along the Hudson river and rarely elsewhere. Leontodon hispidum L. is made a variety of L. hostile L. (1763) in Gray’s Man. ed. 7, 863. 1908, under the name of Leontodon hastile var. vulgaris Koch. The two are probably distinct species, but definite records for V. hispida var. hastile (L.) House, l.c., from this State are lacking, although reported from southern New York. 3 Virea nudicaulis (L.) House, l.c. Rough or hairy hawkbit Crcpis nudicaulis L. Sp. PI. 805. 1753 Leontodon hirtum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1123. 1763 Colobium hirtum Roth, l.c. 36 Apargia nudicaulis Britton, in B. & B., Illus. FI. ed. 2, 3: 310. 1913 Leontodon nudicaide Banks; Lowe, Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 4: 29. 1831 Thrincia nudicaulis Britten, Jour. Bot. 45: 33. 1907 In waste places, along railroads and on ballast. Infrequent or rare, chiefly on Long Island, about New York City, Rochester, and other cities and towns. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. PICRIS L. Sp. PI. 792. 1753 1 Picris hieracioides L., l.c. Hawkeed picris In waste places and in ballast. Occasional on Long Island, vicinity of New York City, Rochester, etc. Adventive from Europe. 2 Picris echinoides L., l.c. Bristly ox-tongue Helmintha echinoides Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 2: 368. 1802 In ballast and in waste places. Rare as an adventive on Long Island, Staten Island and about New York City. Native of Europe. TRAGOPOGON (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 789. 1753 1 Tragopogcn pratensis L., l.c. Yellow goat’s beard, meadow salsify In fields, along roadsides and in waste places. Frequent across the State, chiefly outside of the higher mountainous sections ; often along railroads. Naturalized from Europe. 666 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Tragopogon porrifolius L., l.c. Oyster plant, salsify, purple goat’s beard In fields and waste places, sometimes along railroads and road¬ sides. Locally frequent. Escaped from cultivation or naturalized from Europe. LEONTODON L. Sp. PI. 798. 1753 Taraxacum (Hall.) Ludwig, Def. 175. 1760 Hedypnois (Tourn.) Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, 2: 99. 1772 1 Leontodon Taraxacum L., l.c. Dandelion T. officinale Weber, Prim. FI. Holst. 56. 1780 T. Dens-leonis Desf. FI. Atlant. 2 : 228. 1800 T. Taraxacum Karst. Deutsch. FI. 1138. 1883 In fields, lawns and waste places, often in woodlands. Very com¬ mon. Naturalized from Europe. Leontodon ceratophorus Ledebour, Icon. PI. FI. Ross. 1 : 9. pi. 34. 1829 ( T. ceratophorum DC., T. montanum Nutt, not Mey. ; L. monticola Rydb. FI. Rocky Mts. 1035. 1917), a northern species extends southward into New England and may be looked for in northern New York. 2 Leontodon laevigatus Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1546. 1800 Red-seeded dandelion T. laevigatum DC. Cat. Hort. Monspel. 149. 1813 T. erytlirospermum Andrz. in Besser, Enum. PI. Volhyn. Podol. 75.. 1822 L. erythrospcrmum Britton, in B. & B. Illus. FI. ed. 2, 3: 316. f. 4064. 1913 In fields and woods. Much less common than the preceding species, but occasional or locally frequent in most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. SONCHUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 793. 1753 1 Sonchus arvensis L., l.c. Corn sow thistle, milk thistle In low grounds and rpoist waste places. Frequent in most sec¬ tions of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Sonchus uliginosus Bieb. FI. Taur.-Cauc. 2: 238. 1808 Ithaca, Wiegand, and Erie county, W. P. Holt (Mackenzie in Torreya 22: 92. 1922). S. arvensis var. glabrescens Fernald & Wiegand (Rhodora 12: 145. 1910). Native of eastern Europe. 3 Sonchus oleraceus L., l.c. 794 Annual sow thistle, hare’s lettuce In fields and waste places. Frequent as a weed in nearly all por¬ tions of the State. Naturalized from Europe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 667 4 Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, Brit. Herb. 47. 1769 Spiny or sharp-fringed sow thistle S. oleraceus var. asper L. Sp. PI. 794. 1753 S. carolinianus Walt. FI. Car. 192. 1788 S. spinulosus Bigel. FI. Bost. 290. 1824 In waste places. Frequent or common as a weed in many sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. MALACOTHRIX DC. Prodr. 7: 192. 1838 Malacothrix sonchoides (Nutt.) T. & G., FI. N. Am. 2: 486. 1843 Leptoseris sonchoides Nutt. Trans. Phil. Soc. (II) 7: 439. 1841 Native of the dry plains of the western states. Adventive on Long Island, Jelliffe (Torreya 4: 100. 1904). LACTUCA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 795. 1753 C i c e r b i t a Wallr. Shed. Crit. 433. 1822 Mulgedium Cass. Diet. Sc. Nat. 33: 296. 1824 Agathyrsus D. Don, Edinb. New Phil. Jour. 310. 1828 Galathenium Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) 7: 442. 1841 Wiestia Sch. Bip. in Herb. & Winckl. Jahrb. Pharm. 4: 154. 1841 Section S c a r i o 1 a DC. 1 Lactuca virosa L., l.c. Prickly or wild lettuce L. serriola L. Cent PI. 2: 29. 1756 L. S canola L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1119. 1763 In fields and waste places. Often a troublesome weed. Common in most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. According to Robinson & Fernald (Gray, Man. ed. 7, 866), our common plant is L. Scariola var. integrata Gren. & Godr. (L. virosa of Am. Auth., not L.), while the typical L. Scariola is conparatively rare. 2 Lactuca sativa L. l.c. Garden lettuce Native of Europe. Common in cultivation and occasionally spon¬ taneous or persistent, but apparently not established. 3 Lactuca hirsuta Muhl. Cat. 69. 1813 Hairy or red wood lettuce L. sanguinea Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 287. 1824 Galathenium sanguineum Nutt., l.c. 443 L. elnngata var. sanguinea T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 496. 1843 In dry soil, in thickets, open woods and waste places. Infrequent across the State northward. Increasingly abundant southward in the State, especially on Long Island and Staten Island, and westward to Lake Erie. 668 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 4 Lactuca canadensis L., l.c. 796 Wild or tall lettuce Sonchus pallidus Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1521. 1804 L. elongata Muhl. ; Willd., l.c. 1525 L. longifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 85. 1803 Cicerbita elongata Wallr., l.c. 434 Galathenium elongatum Nutt., l.c. 443 Wiestia elongata Sch. Bip., l.c. L. elongata var. longifolia T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 496. 1843 In moist open places. Frequent or common throughout the State, but rare or absent in some sections of Long Island. The typical form is said by Wiegand (Rhodora 22: 10. 1890) to have leaves with linear-falcate, usually entire lobes; the upper un- lobed leaves (if any) linear or linear-lanceolate, leaf-bases sagittate or auriculate. A form with bases of the leaf -blades tapering is called forma angustipes Wiegand. Var. latifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1 : 349. 1891 L. elongata Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 252. 1822 Leaves with broadly falcate or obovate and obliquely truncate, entire or toothed lobes. Occasional. Var. montana Britton, in Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. 3 : 274. 1898 L. integrifolia Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 287. 1824. Not Nutt. L. sagittifolia Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 253. 1822; Gray’s Man. ed. 7, 867. 1908 Mulgedium integrifolium Cass., l.c. 298 L. elongata var. integrifolia T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 496. 1843 L. canadensis var. integrifolia Gray, Man. cd. 5, 281. 1869; Wiegand, l.c. Leaves all unlobed, lanceolate, oblong, oblanceolate or obovate, entire or denticulate, or the lowest sometimes shallowly lobed. Varies to a form with cauline leaves oblanceolate or obovate and usually toothed, which Wiegand calls L. canadensis var. obovata. Wiegand lays much stress upon whether the bases of the cauline leaves are sagittate or whether tapering and not sagittate. 5 Lactuca Morssii Robinson, Rhodora 1 : 12. 1899 In moist soil. Uncommon and local but widely distributed. Salt marshes of Westchester county, Taylor. North Elba and Loon lake station in the Adirondacks, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54: 946. 1902). It has been suggested that this is a hybrid between L. canadensis and L. spicata. Section Mulgedium (Cass.) Gray 6 Lactuca villosa Jacq. Hort. Schoen. 3: 62. pi. 367. 1798 Hairy-veined blue lettuce Sonchus acuminatus Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1521. 1824 Cicerbita acuminata Wallr., l.c. 434 Mulgedium acuminatum DC. Prodr. 7: 250. 1838 Wiestia acuminata Sch. Bip., l.c. L. acuminata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 73. 1883 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS In woods and thickets. Infrequent or rare in the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. 7 Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 2 : 362. 1791 False or Florida lettuce Sonchus floridanus L. Sp. PI. 794. 1753 Mulgedium floridanum DC., l.c. 249 Agathyrsus floridanus D. Don, l.c. Cicerbita floridana Wallr., l.c. Galathenium floridanum Nutt., l.c. Wiestia floridana Sch. Bip., l.c. In moist open places. Rare in southern New York. Todt hill, Staten Island, Hollick & Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 12: 39. 188s). 5 Lactuca spicata (Lam.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 349. 1891; Hitchc. in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3 : 276. 1898 Tall blue lettuce Sonchus spicatus Lam. Encycl. 3: 401. 1789 S. canadensis L. Sp. PI. 793. 1753 (excl. descr.) & S', alpinus L., l.c. (excl. syn.) See T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 500. 1843. Not L. canadensis L. S. leucophaeus Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1520. 1804 (excl. syn. Walt.) Mulgedium leucophaeum DC., l.c. 250 Agathyrsus leucophaeus Beck, Bot. 170. 1833 Cicerbita leucophaea Wallr., l.c. Galathenium multifiorum Nutt., l.c. 444 L. leucophaea A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 73. 1883. Not Sibth. In moist soil. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State, but rare on Long Island. The var. integrifolia (A. Gray) Britton, with undivided leaves or only the lower ones somewhat sinuate-pinnatifid, is frequent. The Index Ivewensis refers Kuntze’s name to L. alpina (L.) B. 6 H., because Sonchus spicatus Lam., the name bringing symonym of Kuntze’s combination, has been erroneously referred to L. alpina by European authors. LYGODESM1A D. Don, Edinb. New Phil. Jour. 6: 31 1. 1829 Lygodesmia exigua A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 217. 1874 Native of the western states. Established in waste ground at Highland Park, Rochester, Beckzvith (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 23. 1910). CREPIS L. Sp. PI. 805. 1753 Hieraciodes [Moehr. 1736] Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 344. 1891 I Crepis tectorum L., l.c. 807 Narrow-leaved hawksbeard In waste ground and on ballast. Infrequent across the State, especially about the larger cities. Naturalized from Europe. 6jO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. FI. Hereyn. 287. 1840 Smooth hawksbeard Lapsana capillaris L. Sp. PI. 812. 175.3 Crepis virens L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1134. 1763 C. polymorpha Wallr. Sched. Crit. 426. 1822 In fields and waste places. Occasional as a weed especially about the larger cities and towns. Naturalized from Europe. 3 Crepis biennis L. Sp. PI. 807. 1753 Rough hawksbeard In waste places. A rare adventive. Native of Europe. York, Albany, Rochester and a few other cities and towns. Adven¬ tive or naturalized from Europe. 4 Crepis setosa Hall. f. in Roem. Arch. 1: Ft 2, 1. 1797 In waste places. A rare adventive. Native of Europe. Orient Point, Long Island, Latham (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 150:29. 1911). HIERACIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 799. 1753 Section Euhieracium 1 Hieracium murorum L., l.c. 802 Wall hawkweed Formerly in Prospect Park, Brooklyn. Lloyd’s Neck, North- port, Jelliffe (Torreya 4: 100. 1904). Canandaigua, Webster (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 99. 1917). Adventive or fugitive from Europe. 2 Hieracium vulgatum Fries, FI. Hall. 128. 1817-18 Hawkweed H. molle Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 503. 1814. Not Jacq. 1774 In waste places. Very rare as a weed near New York City. Adventive from Europe. 3 Hieracium canadense Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 86. 1803 Canada hawkweed H. virgatum, H. fasciculatum, and H. macrophyllum Pursh, l.c. 504 H. Kalmii Spreng. Syst. 3: 646. 1825. Not L. In dry woods. Frequent or common in most sections of the State north of the Hudson highlands and westward, especially in sandy soil. Rare on Long Island. Section Ste notheca 4 Hieracium paniculatum L. Sp. PI. 802. 1753 Panicled hawkweed I11 dry woods. Frequent across the State southward, and com- ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 671 mon on Long Island and Staten Island. Not reported from the Adirondacks or the northern counties. 5 Hieracium scabrum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 86. 1803 Rough hawkweed In dry woods and clearings. Frequent throughout most sections of the State, but rare or absent in some portions of Long Island. Var. tonsum Fernald & St John, with glandless hairs toward the base of the stem, is to be looked for northward. 6 Hieracium Gronovii L. Sp. PI. 802. 1753 Gronovius’s or hairy hawkweed In dry soil, usually in sandy places, frequent or common across the State in sandy sections. Not reported from the northern portion of the State. 7 Hieracium marianum Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1572. 1804 Maryland hawkweed Stenotheca mariana Monn., l.c. 72 In dry woods and thickets, locally frequent in southeastern New York. Rare northward to Albany county and westward to Monroe county. Probably only a variety of H. venosum. 8 Hieracium venosum L. Sp. PI. 800. 1753 Rattlesnake weed, poor robin’s plantain Stenotheca venosa Monn., l.c. In dry woods and thickets, common across the State south of the Adirondacks and local or rare in certain sections of the Adiron¬ dacks as well as east and west of the Adirondack region. Common on Long Island and Staten Island. 9 Hieracium florentinum All. FI. Ped. x : 213. 1785 King devil In fields, meadows and along roadsides, especially in dry or sandy soil. Becoming common in manv sections. Naturalized from Europe. 10 Hieracium Pilosella L. Sp. PI. 800. 1753 Mouse-ear hawkweed In fields, dooryards and waste places. Infrequent or locally com¬ mon as a weed. Naturalized from Europe. 11 Hieracium floribundum Winn. & Grab. FI. Siles. 2: Pt. 2, 204. 1829 Smoothish hawkweed In fields, a rare adventive in New York. Native of Europe. 6 72 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 12 Hieracium pratense Tausch, Flora ii: Pt. i, Erg. 56. 1828 Field hawkweed Fields and roadsides. Rare in northern New York. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. 13 Hieracium aurantiacum L. Sp. PI. 801. 1753 Orange or tawny hawkweed, devil’s paint brush In fields, woods and along roadsides. Very common in many parts of the State. Naturalized from Europe. First seen on Staten Island in 1875 and by 1883 it had spread northward to Port Henry and westward to Oswego and Buffalo. An apparent hybrid between this and H. florentinum occurs near Forestport, Oneida county. NABALUS Cass. Diet. Sci. Nat. 34: 94. 1825 Harpalyce D. Don, Edinb. New Phil. Jour. 308. 1829. Not Moc. & Sesse. 1825 1 Nabaius altissimus (L.) Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 294. 1833 Tall white lettuce Prenanthes altissima L. Sp. PI. 79 7. 1753 Harpalyce altissima D. Don, l.c. In rich woods, and moist openings. Frequent or common in most sections of the State, but rather rare in extensive sandy locali¬ ties, and not recorded from the south side of Long Island. Var. ovatus T. & G., FI. N. Am. 2: 481, 1843. The cauline leaves nearly all ovate, abruptly contracted into winged petioles. Var. cordatus (Willd.) T. & G., l.c. ( Prenanthes cordata Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 25). Leaves mostly cordate on slender petioles. Var. deltoideus (Ell.) T. & G., l.c. ( P . deltoidea Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2 : 257. 1821 ; N. deltoideus & N. cordatus DC., l.c.). Leaves deltoid, strongly repand-toothed ; upper ones often cordate on mar¬ gined petioles ; radical and lowest cauline leaves triangular-hastate, sometimes 3-parted. Var. dissectus T. & G., l.c. Leaves all 3-parted or divided; seg¬ ments either linear or deeply 2-3 cleft, the lobes narrowly lanceo¬ late or linear. Perhaps the same as N. trifoliatus var. dissectifolius Peck. These varieties are usually transitional, or not well marked. The var. hispidula Fernald (FI. Vermont 89. 1900), has been col¬ lected in Washington county. 2 Nabaius albus (L.) Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 294. 1833 Rattlesnake root, white lettuce Prenanthes alba L. Sp. PI. 798 1753 P. rubicunda Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1537. 1804 P. suavis Salisb. Parad. Lond. pi. 85 PI. alba D. Don, l.c. N. suavis DC. Prodr. 7: 241. 1838 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 673 In woods and clearings, sometimes in open marshes. Frequent or common across the State, chiefly outside of the higher Adiron- dacks. Not reported from the south side of Long Island or from Bronx county, and rare on Staten Island, Taylor. 3 Nabalus serpentarius (Pursh) Hook, FI. Bor. Am. i: 294. 1833 Lion’s-foot, gall of the earth Prenanthes serpentaria Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 499. pi. 24. 1814 N. integrifolius Cass. Diet. Sci. Nat. 34: 95. 1825, N. Fraseri DC. Prodr. 7: 241. 1838; Torr. FI. N. Y. 1: 416. 1843 H. serpentaria D. Don. l.c. N. albus var. serpentarius T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2 : 480. 1843 In fields and thickets. Rensselaer and Saratoga counties west¬ ward to Lake Erie and southward. Infrequent or local northward, increasingly abundant southward in the State. The form with entire leaves appears to be more frequent on the coastal plain and is perhaps worthy of varietal recognition as Var. integrifolius (Cass.) Britton. 4 Nabalus trifoliatus Cass. Diet. Sci. Nat. 34: 95. 1825 Tall rattlesnake root P. trifoliata Fernald, in Brainerd, Jones & Eggleston, FI. Vermont 89. 1900 In woods and thickets. Frequent or common throughout the northern and middle portions of the State. Less frequent westward; but increasingly abundant southward. Var. dissectifolius Peck, 53d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 850. 1900, with the leaves finely divided into numerous slender divisions, is also frequent. N. altissimus x ar. dissectus T. & G., l.c. 481. 5 Nabalus nanus (Bigel.) DC. Prodr. 7 : 241. 1838 Low Rattlesnake root, lion’s foot P. alba var. nana Bigel. FI. Bost. Ed. 2, 286. 1824 P. serpentaria var. nana A. Gray, Syn. FI. i2 : 434. 1884 P. nana Torrey, in DC. Prodr. 7: 241. 1838 Rare on the subalpine summits of the higher Adirondacks. Summit of Mount Marcy, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 1 : 417. 1843). Mount Marcy and Mount Whiteface, Peck (52d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 667. 1899). Mount McIntyre, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: no. 1899). 6 Nabalus Boottii DC. Prodr. 7: 241. 1838. Boott’s rattlesnake root P. Boottii D. Dietr. Syn. PI. 4: 1309. A Gray, Syn. FI. i2: 435- 1884 Rare on the subalpine summits of the higher Adirondacks. Summit of Whiteface, Macrae (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 417. 1843). Whiteface and Mount Marcy, Peck (23d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 50. 1872; 27th Rep’t 1 12. 1877; 52d Rep’t 667. 1899). 674 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 7 Nabalus racemosus (Michx.) Hook. FI. Bor. Am. i: 294. 1833 Glaucous white lettuce Prcnantlies racemosa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 83. 1803 H. racemosa D. Don, l.c. In moist open places, chiefly in the southeastern part of the State. Scarsdale, /. S. Merriam (Torr. Club Bui. 1: 44. 1870; 24th R-sp’t N. Y. State Mus. 100. 1872). Westchester county and on Long Island coastal plain, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 649. 1915). Rockland county, C. F. Austin. Prenanthes Mainensis Gray, Syn. FI. 1 : 433. 1886, is probably a hybrid between N. racemosa and N. trifoliata, according to Victorin (Ottawa Nat. 29: 140. 1916). 8 Nabalus crepidineus (Michx.) DC. Prodr. 7: 242. 1838 Corymbed rattlesnake root Prenanthes crepidinca Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 84. 1803 H. crepidina D. Don, l.c. Reported from Western New York. Authentic records are lacking. Family 41 AMBROSIACEAE Reichenb. Consp. 112. 1828 Ragweed family IVA L. Sp. PI. 988. 1753 Cyclachaena Fresen. Ind. Sem. Hort. Frankf. 4. 1836. — Linnaea 12: Litt.— ber. 78. 1838 i Iva oraria Bartlett, Rhodora 8 : 26. 1906 North marsh elder, high-water shrub Iva fruteseens, of N. Y. reports, not L. Common in the tidal marshes along the coast of Long Island, Staten Island, Long Island sound in Westchester and Bronx coun¬ ties and up the Hudson river to Hastings. 2 Iva xanthiifolia Nutt. Cen. 2: 185. 1818 Burweed marsh elder C. xanthiifolia Fresen., l.c. In waste ground. Albany, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 75: 18. 1904). Adventive from the West. AMBROSIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 987. 1753 1 Ambrosia trifida L., l.c. Horsecane, bitterweed, great ragweed A. integrifolia Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 375. 1805 A. trifida var. integrifolia T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 290. 1841 In moist soil and waste ground. Frequent or common in most sections of the State outside of the higher Adirondacks. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 675 2 Ambrosia elatior L. l.c. Ragweed, Roman wormwood, wild tansy A. data Salisb. Prodr. 175. 1796 A. artemisiifolia T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 291, mainly. 1842. Not L. A. artemisiifolia quadric omis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 305. 1891 In dry or moist soil. Common almost everywhere, usually as a weed in waste ground. Leaves, at least the lower ones, mostly bipinnatifid with narrow segments; staminate heads about 3 mm broad; involucre slightly oblique; leaf segments lanceolate, acute and directed forwards. Illustrated as A. artemisiifolia by Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. ed. 2, /. 4127 ; Clark & Fletcher, Farm Weeds Can. pi. 24 ; pi. 55. /. 58 ; ed. 2, pi. 57; pi. 75. f. 79. A form from Lebanon Springs, A. K. Harrison, 1893, has the leaves more or less 3-pinnatifid into very small, narrow, acute seg¬ ments, and is designated by the collector as a “ parsley-leaved form.” Var. artemisiifolia (L.) comb. nov. A. artemisiifolia L., l.c. 988 A. absynthifolia Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 183. 1803 A. heterophylla Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 378. 1805 Lower leaves mostly pinnatifid with broad segments which are oblong, lobel, crenate or entire, obtuse; involucre saucer-shaped, not acute at the base, fully 4 mm wide. Rep’t U. S. Comm. Agric. 1886 : Bot. pi. p. Most recent manuals of botany have regarded this as the same as A. elatior L., under either one name or the other. The North American Flora (33: 18. 1922) regards them as distinct species, but an examination of numerous specimens of both forms indicates that A. artemisiifolia is but an extreme form of A. elatior, and not always distinct, intermediate forms occuring frequently. 3 Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Prodr. 5: 526. 1836 Western ragweed A. Lindheimeriana Scheele, Linnaea 22: 156. 1849 A. coronopifolia var. ( asprula , etc.) Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 6: 226. 1850 Along railroads and in waste ground at Rochester, Booth (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 20. 1910), and perhaps elsewhere. XANTHIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 987. 1753 Acanthoxanthium Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon II. 17: no. 1869. I Xanthium spinosum L., l.c. Spiny or thorny clotbur X. xanthocarpon Wallr. Beitr. Bot. 1: 241. 1844 Acanthoxanthium spinosum Fourr., l.c. Locally frequent as a weed in waste grounds about cities, espe¬ cially in the southeastern part of the State. Also at Albany, Troy and Buffalo. Naturalized from Europe and Asia. 22 676 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Xanthium Strumarium L., l.c. European clotbur Native of the north temperate and tropical regions of the Old World. Adventive in Massachusetts, and to be looked for in the vicinity of New York City. 3 Xanthium speciosum Kearney, Torr. Club Bui. 24: 574. 1897 Great clotbur In waste ground. Westchester county and on Long Island (according to Taylor). Adventive from the West. 4 Xanthium echinatum Murr. Comm. Goett. 6: 32. pi. 4. 1783 Beach clotbur X. maculatum Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 344. 1818 X. strumarium Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 342. 1824. Not L. On or near the shores of the ocean, river beaches and occasionally in waste places. Common in the southeastern part of the State. Less frequent up the Hudson river to Troy, and also on the shores of Oneida lake, Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. X. curvescens Millsp. & Sherff, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 4: 25. 1919, from Orwell, Vermont, may be looked for in the Lake Champlain and Lake George regions, as may also X. leptocarpum Millsp. & Sherff, l.c. 3, described from Burlington, Vermont. 5 Xanthium arcuatum Millsp. & Sherff, Field Col. Mus. Bot. 4: 4. pi. 2. 1918 River shores and low places. Chemung county, T. F. Lucy, Oct. II, 1896. 6 Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr. Beitr. Bot. 1 : 236. 1842 Pennsylvania clotbur X. canadense Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 1, 1898. Not Mill. X. affine Greene, Pittonia 4: 60. 1899 X. acutum Greene, l.c. 62 Banks of streams, open wet places and waste ground. Locally com¬ mon in the southern and southeastern sections of the State. 7 Xanthium chinense Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 4. 1768 Northern clotbur X. americanum Walt. FI. Car. 231. 1 788 ( ? ) — B. & B. Ill. FI. ed. 2, 3: 346. f 4139. 1913 X. Strumarium var. canadense Torr. FI. N. Y. 1: 377. 1843 X. pungens Wallr., l.c. 231 X. canadense Rowlee, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 10. ff. g-m. 1893. Not Mill. 1768 X. Strumarium Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3 : 298. f. 3599. 1898. Not L. Along banks and ditches, in moist waste ground and along rail¬ roads. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 677 8 Xanthium italicum Moric. ; Bragnatelli, Giorn. fis., chim. Dec. II. 5: 32^- 1822 Common clotbur X. varians Greene, Pittonia 4: 59. 1899 X. glanduliferum Greene, l.c. 61 X. commune Britton, Man. 912. 1901 X. Macounii Britton, l.c. 9x3 In moist grounds and waste places. Frequent or common in most sections of the State outside of the higher Adirondacks and the sandy pine-barrens. 9 Xanthium acerosum Greene, Pittonia 4: 63. 1899 Acerose clotbur Dresden trestle, Whitehall, Washington county, Burnham, White¬ hall, Peck. Native of the middle and western states, from Wiscon¬ sin to North Dakota and Nebraska, and probably adventive at White¬ hall. Family 42 CARDUACEAE Neck. Act. Ac. Theod. Palat. 2 : 465. 1770 (Compositae Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 103. 1763) • Thistle family VERNONIA Schreb. Gen. PI. 2: 541. 1791 Cacalia (Burm. 1737) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 323. 1891. Not L. i Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1632. 1804 New York ironweed Serratula noveboracensis L. Sp. PI. 818. 1753 Serratula prealta L., l.c. Behen noveboracensis & B. praealtum Hill, Hort. Kew. 68. 1768 Seratula caroliniana Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 7. 1768 Vernonia prealta Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 95. 1803 V. tomentosa Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 288. 1821 V. Rugeliana Shuttlw. ; A. Gray, PI. Wright. 1: 82. 1852 Cacalia noveboracensis Kuntze, l.c. In moist soil. Common on Long Island and Staten Island. Less frequent northward to the Hudson highlands and Ulster county, near Kingston. Forma albiflora Britton (Torr. Club Bui. 17: 124. 1890) with white flowers, has been found on Staten Island. Involucral scales, or some of them, long acuminate, regularly and closely imbricated, arachnoid-ciliate, usually resinous, the outer ones sulcate with spreading tips, middle and inner ones with deltoid or ovate, purple tips, ending in a flexuous, filiform, appendage 1-5 mm long. 678 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Vernonia altissima Nutt. Gen. 2: 134. 1818 Tall ironweed V. albiflora Raf. Herb. Raf. 29. 1833 V. noveboracensis var. praealta (Willd.) T. & G. ; Torr. FI. N. Y. 1 : 323. ^ 843 t 1 i&USAlil V. maxima Small, Torr. Club Bui. 27: 280. 1900 V. gigantea Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. Ed. 1. 1898. Not V. gigantea (Walt) Trelease, of the southern states. In moist meadows. Central New York westward. Rare. Middleville, Herkimer county, Miss M. Burns (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 157: 44. 1912). New Hartford, Oneida county, Haberer (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54: 945. 1902). Rochester (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 72. 1896). Wayne county, Sartwell. Hough in 1846, reported V. noveboracensis from Lewis county, which if a Vernonia, was doubtless this species. Involucral scales regularly imbricated, ovate to oblong-ovate, glabrous or puberulent, sparsely ciliate or entire, obtuse or rounded to acute or short-cuspidate. EUPATORIUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 836. 1753 * Section 1 Verticillata DC. 1 Eupatorium purpureum L., l.c. 837 Lowland purple boneset E. purpureum L., l.c., as to descr. and inch var. P, but excluding all prelimi¬ nary references, except those under p. E. verticillatum Lam. Encycl. 2: 405. 1786 E. fusco-rubrum Walt. FI. Car. 109. 1788 E. punctatum Willd. Enum. PI. Berol. 853. 1809 E. dubium Willd. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 2: 606. 1811 E. purpureum var. maculatum Dari. FI. Cest 453. 1837. T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2 : 82. 1841 E. maculatum Wood, Class book 416. 1861. Not L. Borders of swamps and in low marshy places, chiefly in sandy or gravelly soil. Common on the coastal plain of southern New York. Unknown northward. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate ; abruptly contracted into the petiole, more or less three-nerved ; plant somewhat viscid, scabrous- puberulent and with a strong odor when fresh ; stems usually solid, finely purple-specked, not glaucous ; inflorescence convex ; florets 6-9, rarely 5-12; leaves in three’s or four’s, very rarely in two’s or five’s. Often recorded as E. maculatum. 2 Eupatorium Bruneri A. Gray, Syn. FI. 1: 96. 1884 Bruner’s or upland purple boneset E. purpureum L., l.c. (as to citations 3 and 4) E. Rydbergi Britton, Man. 921. 1901 E. purpureum var. ternifolium Wood, Classbook 416. 1861 * For discussion of the perplexing nomenclature of the species of Eupatorium, closely allied to E. purpureum L., see: Wiegand (Rhodora 22: 62 1920), and Mackenzie (Rhodora 22: 157-165. 1920). The treatment here follows that proposed by Mackenzie. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 679 Open ground, borders of thickets and wet sedgy meadows. Com¬ mon throughout the State north of the coastal plain. Stems slender, mainly solid, markedly rough pubescent to nearly smooth, usually purplish, at least above, often greenish below, or sometimes deep purplish all over, when pale colored often more or less speckled or streaked with purplish lines, never glaucous ; plant not viscid, and not strongly odorous ; leaves elliptic-ovate or elliptic- lanceolate, or sometimes ovate-oval, tapering at the base, 3-nerved or pinnately veined ; inflorescence or its divisions somewhat convex or more usually nearly flat ; leaves in four’s or five’s, sometimes in six’s rarely in three’s, except in dwarf plants; florets 9-15, rarely 7-20, scarcely exserted. Dwarfed plants are often smoother. Varies to forms with small inflorescence overtopped by the upper whorl of leaves : var. foliosum (Fernald) House, comb. nov. ( E . purpureum var. foliosum Fernald). E. maculatum var. urticifolium Barratt, may belong here. E. Bruneri was imperfectly described from a Colorado specimen and the extension of the name to include this common and variable upland purple boneset of the east is open to criticism. 3 Eupatorium maculatum L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 288. 1755 Tall or smooth purple boneset E. purpureum L., l.c. (as to the first 2 pre-Linnaean citations) ; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 3: 357. 1913 E. americanum Hill, Brit. Herb. 453. 1756 E. fistulosum Barratt, in Wood, Classbook 416. 1861 E. amoenum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 514. 1814 ? E. laevigatum Torrey; Eaton, ed. 2, 245. 1818 E. purpureum 7, angustifolium T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2 : 82. 1841 In moist or fairly dry situations, often in low or even wet soil, chiefly in thickets, edges of woods, and along streams or shores of lakes and ponds. Common on Long Island and Staten Island, especially on the coastal, plain, and less frequent in the adjacent up¬ lands northward to Rensselaer, Saratoga and Albany counties, and in the valleys and lowlands westward to Lake Erie. Stems usually very tall, fistulose, purple and plainly glaucous, rarely speckled ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, tapering at the base, pin¬ nately veined ; neither the leaves nor the stem viscid or odorous, but the branches of the inflorescence often finely pubescent, the leaves in four’s to six’s, rarely in seven’s, rather bluntly toothed; inflorescence usually large, convex ; florets 5-7, rarely 3-8, scarcely excerted ; corollas 3.5 to 4.8 mm long, rarely longer. 4 Eupatorium trifoliatum L. Sp. PI. 837. 1753 Pale purple boneset E. falcatum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 09. 1803 E. purpureum var. falcatum Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 321. 1894 E. purpureum Wood, Classbook 416. 1861 68o NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In rich, moist or even dry woodlands and thickets, chiefly in upland regions. Infrequent but widely distributed across the State south of the Adirondack region. Stems slender, tall, usually solid, green with purple nodes, faintly or not at all glaucous ; plant not viscid and not strongly odorous when fresh, rarely the stems faintly speckled ; leaves lanceolate, ovate-oval or ovate, broadest below the middle and abruptly tapering with con¬ cave entire or subentire basal margins, pinnately veined, sharply toothed above the base ; inflorescence convex, its branches nearly horizontal or at least widely spreading; florets 5-7, rarely 3-8 much exserted beyond the pale bracts; corollas 5. 5-7. 5 mm long, whitish when first opening ; leaves in three’s or four’s, rarely in two’s or five’s. Section Subimbricata DC. U n c a s i a Greene, Leaflets 1 : 13. 1903 5 Eupatorium leucolepis T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2 : 84. 1841 White-bracted thoroughwort In sandy bogs. Rare on Long Island. Sag Harbor, .S'. B. Buck- ley (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 327. 1843). 6 Eupatorium album L. Mant. hi. 1767 White thoroughwort E. glandulosum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 98. 1803 U. alba Greene, l.c. In sandy soil. Infrequent or rare on Long Island and Staten Island. Edward’s pond, Suffolk county (Torr. Club Bui. 1: 47. 1870). Queens county, Willis Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2: 5 17- 1843. Var. subvenosum Gray, Syn. FI. i2: 98. 1884; is also reported from Long Island. 7 Eupatorium hyssopifolium L. Sp. PI. 836. 1753 Hyssop-leaved thoroughwort E. linearifolium Walt. FI. Car. 199. 1788 U. hyssopifolia Greene, l.c. In sterile, usually sandy soil. Locally common on Long Island and Staten Island, and rare northward to the Hudson highlands. 5 Eupatorium sessilifolium L. Sp. PI. 837. 1753 U. scssilifolia Greene, l.c. In dry woods. Infrequent or rare across the State. On Long Island and Staten Island and up the Hudson valley to northern Westchester county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 592. 1915). Saugerties, Ulster county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 131 : 30. 1909). Oneida county, Gray (Sartwell herbarium). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 68l 6 Eupatorium verbenaefolium Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 98. 1803 Rough or vervain thoroughwort E. teucrifolium Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1753. 1804 U. verbenaefolia Greene, l.c. In moist or low ground, chiefly in the southeastern part of the State. Locally common on Long Island and Staten Island. Less frequent northward to Tarrytown, I. H. Hall, in Paine’s Cat. 7 Eupatorium rotundifolium L. Sp. PI. 837. 1753 Round-leaved thoroughwort E. Marrubium Walt. FI. Car. 199. 1788 U. rotundifolia Greene, l.c. In dry or sandy soil. Frequent on Staten Island. Rare on Long Island, and not reported northward. 8 Eupatorium pubescens Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3 : 1755. 1804 Hairy thoroughwort In dry or sandy soil. Rare on Staten Island (Rossville, Leggett, 24th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 57. 1872). Not reported from Long Island or northward. 9 Eupatorium Torreyanum Short, 2d Suppl. Cat. PI. Ky. 5. 1836 Torrey’s thoroughwort Reported from Hempstead plains and Garden City, Long Island by IV. C. Ferguson (Torreya 22: 49. 1922). 10 Eupatorium perfoliatum L. Sp. PI. 838. 1753 Common thoroughwort, boneset E. connatum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 99. 1803 U. perfoliata Greene, l.c. In moist or wet places. Common throughout most sections of the State. Var. truncatum (Muhl.) Gray, Syn. FI. i1: 99. 1884 ( E . truncatum Muhl.; Willd., l.c. 1751), occasional with the typical form, and probably not a good variety. A form with purplish flowers (forma purpureum Britton), is sometimes seen. 11 Eupatorium resinosum Torr.; DC. Prodr. 5: 176. 1836 U. resinosa Greene, l.c. In wet pine-barrens of Long Island. Very rare, and not recently collected. Long Island (state herbarium). Queens county Willis (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 2 : 518. 184.3). 682 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Section Eximbricata DC. Krystenia Neck. Elem. i: 81. 1790 B a t s c h i a Moench, Meth. 567. 1794 Ageratina Spach, Hist. Veg. Phan. 10: 286. 1841 12 Eupatorium urticaefolium Reichard, Syst. 3: 719. 1780 White snakeroot Ageratum altissimum L. Sp. PI. 839. 1753. Not E. altissimum L. E. ageratoides L. f. Suppl. 355. 1781 Ageratina ageratoides Spach, l.c. Batschia nivea Moench, l.c. E. Fraseri Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 2: 600. 1811 E. boreale Greene, Rhodora 3: 83. 1901 Krystenia altissima Greene, Leaflets 1: 8. 1903 In rich woods, moist meadows and openings. Common through¬ out most sections of the State, but rare on southern Long Island. 13 Eupatorium aromaticum L. Sp. PI. 839. 1753 Smaller white snakeroot E. ceanothifolium Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1755. 1804 K. aromatica Greene, l.c. In dry soil. Frequent on Long Island and Staten Island. To be looked for in Westchester county, but not yet reported north of the islands mentioned. MIKANIA Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1742. 1804 Willughbaeya Neck. Elem. 1: 82. Hyponym. 1790 Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. l.c. 1743 Climbing hempweed or boneset Eupatorium scandens L. Sp. PI. 836. 1753 IVillughbaeya scandens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 371. 1891. E. chenopodifolium Poir. Encyc. Suppl. 2: 606 In swamps, and moist or wet soil, frequent or rare across the State south of the Adirondacks, more common southward. LACINARIA Hill, Veg. Syst. 4: 49. pi. 46. 1762 Liatris Schreb. Gen. PI. 542. 1791 I Lacinaria cylindracea (Michx.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 349. 1891 Cylindric blazing star Liatris cylindracea Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 93. 1803 Liatris graminifolia Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1636. 1804 Liatris flexuosa Thomas, Am. Jour. Sci. 37 : 328. 1839 Banks of the Niagara river near the falls, on the east side. D. Thomas (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 324. 1843). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 683 2 Lacinaria scariosa (L.) Hill, Hort. Kew. 70. 1769 Large button snakeroot Serratula scariosa L. Sp. PI. 818. 1753 Liatris scariosa Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1635. 1804 Liatris squarrulosa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 92. 1803 In dry soil, southeastern part of the State. Rare. South side of Long Island; Rye, Westchester county and formerly at Clifton, Staten Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 595. 1915). 3 Lacinaria spicata (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 349. 1891 Dense button snakeroot Serrulata spicata L. Sp. PI. 819. 1753 Liatris spicata Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1636. 1804 In moist soil on Long Island and Staten Island. Infrequent or local. Forma albiflora (Britton) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244 : 69. 1923, occurs on Staten Island. GUTIERREZIA Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 30. 1816 Gutierrezia Sarothra (Pursh) Britton & Rusby, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 7: 10. 1887 Broomweed Solidago Sarothra Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 540. 1814 G. Euthamiae T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 193. 1841 In dry or sandy soil, adventive at Rochester. Native of the west¬ ern states. SERRATULA L. Sp. PI. 816. 1753 Serratula tinctoria L., l.c. In waste places and on ballast. Staten Island. Rare. Adventive from Europe ( Hollick & Britton, Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 9: 150. 1882). GRINDELIA Willd. Gesell. Nat. Fr. Berl. Mag. 1: 260. 1807 Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal, in DC. Prodr. 5: 315. 1836 Broad-leaved gum plant or tarweed Donia squarrosa Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 559. 1814 G. grandiflora Hook. Bot. Mag. pi. 4628. 1852 G. nuda Wood, Bot. Gaz. 3: 50. 1878 In dry soil, occasional as a weed. Naturalized from the West. Montgomery, Orange county, J. A. Crabtree (State Mus. Bui. 157: 39- 1912). Granville, Washington county, F. T. Pember (State Mus. Bui. 150: 31. 1911). Rochester, Miss F. Beckwith (Proc. Roch. Acad. 5: 95. 1917). White lake, Oneida county, House. The form without rays, var. nuda (Wood) Gray, has been found at Rochester. 684 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM CHRYSOPSIS (Nutt.) Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 333. 1824 Diplogon Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 268. 1818. Not Poiret, 1811 Pity ops is Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 317. 1841 1 Chrysopsis falcata (Pursh) Ell., l.c. 336 Sickle-leaved golden aster Inula falcata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 532. 1814 Pityopsis falcata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 318. 1841 Diplogon falcatum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 334. 1891 In sandy soil, common on Long Island ; rare on Staten Island. Abundant near Easthampton (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 367. 1843). 2 Chrysopsis mariana (L.) Ell., l.c. 335 Maryland golden aster Inula mariana L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1240. 1763 Diplopappus marianus Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1: 97. 1835 In sandy or dry soil, in open places or thin woods, frequent or common on Long Island and Staten Island. CHRYSOTHAMNUS Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 323. 1841 Chrysothamnus pinifolius Greene, Pittonia 5 : 60. 1902 Frequent on slopes of the Cobb’s hill reservoir, Rochester. Ad- ventive from the West ( Baxter in Proc. Roch. Acad. 5: 95. 1917). SIDERANTHUS Fraser, Cat. 1813; Sweet, Hort. Brit. 227. 1826 Eriocarpum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 320. 1841 Sideranthus gracilis (Nutt.) Rydb. Colo. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 100 : 344. 1906 Dieteria gracilis Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 1: 177. 1847 Aplopappus gracilis A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 76. 1849 Adventive from the southwest at Cobb’s hill reservoir, Rochester, M. S. Baxter, Florence Beckzmth (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 150: 38. 1911; Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 95. 1917). SOLIDAGO L. Sp. PI. 878. 1753 Subgenus Virga-Aurea Virga-Aurea (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 Section 1 Chrysastrum 1 Solidago squarrosa Muhl. Cat. 76. 1813 Stout ragged goldenrod S. confertifolia Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7: 102. 1841 Aster Muehlenbergianus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 316. 1891 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 685 In rocky soil. Infrequent across the State south of the Adiron- dacks and southward to, New York City. Wooded slopes at Spuyten Duyvil and Riverdale, Bicknell (Torr. Club Bui. 7: 53. 1880). Cruger’s, Rusby (Torr. Club Bui. 17: 140. 1890). Sam’s Point, Ulster county, Britton (Torr. Club Bui. xo: 105. 1883). Abundant at Alexandria Bay, Clinton; Penn Yan, Sartwell; Rochester, Booth (Paine, Cat. PL Oneida Co. 93. 1865). Broome county, Clnte (FI. Upper Susquehanna 54. 1898). Wayne county and along Genesee river (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 72. 1896). Ravines and especially abundant on banks of Cayuga lake, Dudley (Cayuga FI. 46. 1886). Rare, Buffalo, Day (PI. Buf¬ falo 43. 1883). Green Island, Peck. Letchworth Park, Peck. Collins, Erie county, Dr Anna E. Perkins. Dekalb and Saratoga, Phelps. Forma ramosa (Peck) House, comb. nov. (S. squarrosa ramosa Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 139: 36. 1910), with branched in¬ florescence forming a pyramidal panicle. Corning, Peck. Section 2 Glomeruliflorae 2 Solidago caesia L. Sp. PI. 879. 1753 * Blue-stemmed or wreath goldenrod S. livida Willd. Enum. 890. 1809 S. gracilis Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 8: 476. 1808 S. caesia var. paniculata Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 189. 1882 In woods and thickets. Frequent or common throughout the State up to 3000 feet altitude in the Adirondacks. Rare on southern Long Island. The common form northward is forma axillaris (Pursh) House, l.c. 62 (S. axillaris Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 542. 1814; 5". caesia var. axillaris Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 189. 1882), with mainly simple stems, the thin leaves much exceeding the very small axillary clusters. The state herbarium also contains a specimen exactly intermediate between this species and S', flexicaulis. 3 Solidago flexicaulis L. Sp. PI. 879. 1753 Zigzag or broad-leaved goldenrod S. latifolia L., l.c. 3". flexicaulis, fl. latifolia Willd. Sp. PI. 3 : 2064. 1804 S. macrophylla Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 305. 1824 ♦ Gray (T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 199. 1841) states that no specimens of S. caesia exist in the Linnaean herbarium, and that the species must rest upon " Virga Aurea marilandica caesia glabra” Dill. Elth. t. 307. f. 395. The specimens of 3\ flexicaulis in the Linnaean herbarium belong to S. caesia, but Gray (l.c.) gives excellent reasons for retaining the name caesia, chief among them because the specific phrase given by Linnaeus and the entire synonymy of 5". flexicaulis belong to S, latifolia. Recent manuals have therefor adopted 3'. flexicaulis in the place of S. latifolia. 686 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In rich or moist woods and openings. Common throughout most sections of the State. Rare on the north side of Long Island and not reported from the South side. Varies considerably in degree of pubescence, shape and serration of the leaf-blades. 4 Solidago bicolor L. Mant. 114. 1767 White or pale goldenrod, silverrod S. alba Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 26. 1768 S. erecta DC. Prodr. 5: 340. 1836 Aster bicolor Nees, Ast. 283. 1833 In dry, usually sandy or stony soil. Common across the State southward. Somewhat local northward in sandy or rocky situations and not rare at lower elevations in and about the Adirondack region. 5 Solidago hispida Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3 : 2063. 1804 Hairy goldenrod S. hirsuta Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7: 103. 1834 S. bicolor var. concolor T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 197. 1841 In dry, usually sandy or rocky soil. Common across the State especially southward, and frequent northward somewhat locally in dry sterile sandy or rocky situations. Varies greatly in the character of the leaves and indument, and often insufficiently distinct from the preceding species. 6 Solidago erecta Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 542. 1814 In dry, especially sandy soil. Rare on Long Island. Baiting Hol¬ low, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 25: 643. 1899). 7 Solidago macrophylla Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 542. 1814 Large-leaved goldenrod S. thyrsoidea E. Mey. PI. Labrad. 63. 1830 3'. leiocarpa DC. Prodr. 5: 339. 1836 S. virgaurea Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 306. 1824 (excl. var.) .S', multiradiata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N. S. 7: 328. 1841. Not Ait. In rocky woods. Frequent in the Adirondack mountains above 3000 feet altitude, on most of the exposed summits and ridges. Rare or local below 2000 feet altitude, but widely distributed throughout the Adirondack region. White Lake and Trenton Falls, Oneida county, Habercr (Rhodora 7: 108. 1905). Section 3 Virgatae 8 Solidago Cutleri Fernald, Rhodora 10 : 87. 1908 Cutler’s alpine goldenrod S'. Virgaurea var. alpina Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 307. 1824 S. alpestris Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 210. 1893. Not Waldst. & Kit. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 687 Subalpine summits of the higher Adirondacks. Summits of Mount McIntyre, Mount Wright and Wallface, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 28: 103. 1899). Mount Marcy, Peck (52d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 666. 1899). 9 Solidago puberula Nutt. Gen. 2: 162. 1818 Downy goldenrod S. pubescens Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 381. 1821 In sandy or rocky soil. Common in the southeastern part of the State especially on Long Island, Staten Island and the lower Hudson valley. Somewhat local northward but generally distributed through¬ out the State especially in the sandy sections of the Ontario and St Lawrence basins and the Adirondack region below 2000 feet altitude. Apparently rare in the western part of the State. 10 Solidago humilis Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 543. 1814 Bog or swamp goldenrod S. uliginosa Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7: 101. 1834* S. stricta Torr. FI. N. Y. 1: 358. pi. 54. 1843. Not Ait. In swamps and bogs. Frequent or common across the State northward. Rare southward to the Catskill mountains and north¬ ern Westchester county, and westward, especially in the Ontario low¬ lands and the elevated hills of central and western New York to Lake Erie. 11 Solidago speciosa Nutt. Gen. 2: 150. 1818 Showy or Nbble Goldenrod In dry open woods and in thickets. Local or rare from Rensselaer county southward. Harlem, 1861, Austin; Burnsted; Alien, 1865 (Clinton in 19th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 74. 1866). Brunswick, Rensselaer county, Howe (39th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 38. 1886). Long Island, but not recorded from Staten Island, Taylor. 12 Solidago Randii (Porter) Britton, Man. 937. 1901 Rand’s goldenrod .S'. Virgaurea var. Randii Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 208. 1893 S. Virgaurea var. Redficldii Porter, l.c. * S. uliginosa Nutt, according to Torr. & Gray (FI. 2: 216. 1841) included two things and as now construed is based upon Pickering’s specimens from “ sphagnous swamps and marshy thickets in Massachusetts.” The other specimen of Nuttall’s " uliginosa ” belongs to S. linioides T. & G., now desig¬ nated as S. uniligulata. S. humilis Pursh is probably the same thing as the Pickering specimens from farther northward. 3". humilis Pursh, was referred by Torrey and Gray to S. stricta Ait., but recent floras have restricted .S’. stricta Ait. to a species south of our borders. 688 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In dry, usually rocky situations. Occasional or frequent on most of the summits and exposed ledges of the Adirondack region above 2000 feet altitude. Var. monticola (Porter) Fernald, Rhodora io: 88. 1908 5. puberula var. monticola Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 19: 129. 1892 S. Virgaurea var. monticola Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 209. 1893 .S'. Virgaurea var. Deanei Porter, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 320. 1894 A lower form on more exposed situations and usually at higher altitudes. Frequent on Mount Marcy, Mount McIntyre, Skylight, Santanoni and other elevated summits. 13 Solidago racemosa Greene, Pittonia 3: 160. 1897 Riverbank goldenrod S. humilis Gray, Syn. FI. 1: 148. 1884, in part. Not Pursh S. Purshii Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 21: 311. 1894, as to plant described, but not as to type, i. e. the plant described by Pursh as 5". humilis. Cf. Fernald, Rhodora 10: 90. 1908 On rocky river banks and in exposed rocky or sometimes sandy situations. Locally abundant across the northern part of the State, and locally in the Adirondacks up to 3000 feet altitude. Not reported from the Catskill region. Section 4 Maritimae 14 Solidago sempervirens L. Sp. PI. 878. 1753 Seaside goldenrod S. laevigata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 215. 1789; Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 543. 1814 S. novacboraccnsis Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 23. 1768. Not L. S. angustifolia Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 388. 1821. Not Mill. S. limonifolia Torr. FI. N. & Mid. U. S. 304. 1824 In salt-marshes, on sea beaches and along tidal streams near the coast of southeastern New York. Common. Section 5 Secundiflorae 15 Solidago suaveolens Schoepf, Reise ver. Nordamer. Staaten 1: 466. 1788 Sweet or anise-scented goldenrod S. odora Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 214. 1789 5\ retrorsa Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 117. 1803 S. puncticulata DC. Prodr. 5: 332. 1836 In dry or sandy soil. Frequent or locally common across the State southward and in the southeastern part of the State. In¬ frequent or rare northward to the eastern and western Adirondack foothills and the Ontario lowlands. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 689 16 Solidago aestivalis Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 42: 561. 1915 Early wrinkled-leaved goldenrod Related to S. rngosa but distinguished from that chiefly by its smooth and purple striate-angled stem, smoother, lustrous leaf- blades; bracts broader and less tapering and not recurving in age, and the earlier period of blooming. Frequent on Long Island according to Bicknell. 17 Solidago rugosa Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 25. 1768 Wrinkle-leaved, tall hairy goldenrod, botterweed 5. pilosa Mill., l.c. No. 9 N. recurvata Mill., l.c. No. 28 S. virginiana Mill., l.c. No. 11 S'. altissima Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 212. 1789. Not L. hirta Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 891. 1809 S. altissima T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 216. 1841. Not L. 5". altissima, aspera, rugosa, & humilis DC. Prodr. 5: 333. 1836 S. rigidula Bose., ex DC., l.c. Usually in damp thickets and borders of fields, woods and swamps, often in open places. Very common across the State northward, and in the Adirondacks up to 3000 feet altitude. Less common southward and rather rare in its typical form on Long Island. Var. villosa (Pursh) F-ernald, Rhodora 10: 91. 1908 S. villosa Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 536. 1814 S', altissima, P, T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 216. 1841 S. humilis Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris, ed. 3, 402. 1829 Stem villous ; leaves thinner, strongly and sharply serrate, some¬ times nearly smooth above, and rather softly hairy on the veins beneath. Locally common across the State, but more typical southward, and merging into S. aestivalis Bicknell. Northward often difficult to distinguish from typical 5". rugosa. Var. aspera (Ait.) Fernald, Rhodora 17: 7. 1915 S. aspera Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 212. 1789 Leaves ovate-elliptical or oblong, serrate with small and sharp mostly appressed teeth, somewhat rugose, very scabrous above and scabrous-pubescent beneath. In dry or sandy soil, chiefly in the southeastern part of the State. Frequent on Long Island. Rarely specimens from northward to the Adirondack foothills and the Ontario lowlands can with difficulty be referred to this variety which in this region appears to merge into the typical species. x S. asperula Desf. l.c. 403. (N. rugosa x sempervirens Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 42: 560. 19x5), is reported from Long Beach, Long Island, Bicknell. 69O NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 18 Solidago patula Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3 : 2059. 1804 Rough-leaved or spreading goldenrod S. asperata Banks; Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 5.37. 1814 S. angulata Schrad. in DC. Prodr. 5: 331. 1836 Aster asperatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 315. 1891 In swamps, bogs and wet thickets and borders of low woods. Fre¬ quent or common across the State, and in the Adirondacks up to 2500 feet altitude. Rare on Long Island. 19 Solidago ulmifolia Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2060. 1804 Elm-leaved goldenrod S. lateriflora Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 211. 1789. Not L. In dry or rocky woodlands and copses. Infrequent across the State south of the Adirondacks, and rare on Long Island and Staten Island. Big Flats and east of Elmira, Chemung county, Lucy (Clute, FI Upper Susquehanna 55. 1898). Adams basin and Bergen swamp, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad 3: 73. 1896). Brunswick, Rens¬ selaer county, E. C. Howe. Lansingburg and East Greenbush, Peck. Napanoch, Ulster county, House. Minnewaska, Peck. Salamanca, Peck. Wilton, Saratoga county, Phelps. 20 Solidago Elliottii T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2 : 218. 1841 Elliott’s goldenrod .S'. elliptica Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 376. 1821. Not Ait. 1789 Aster sublitoralis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 317. 1891 In swamps. Infrequent in the southeastern section of the State on Long Island, Staten Island and the tidal streams of Bronx and Westchester counties. 21 Soldago neglecta T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 213. 1841 Swamp goldenrod “ Stem stout, smooth ; leaves thickish, smooth and glabrous ; the rad¬ ical and lowest cauline leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, appressed serrate, petioled ; tbe others elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, mostly acute at each end, sessile (often obscurely triplinerved) finely appressed-serrate ; the upper entire ; racemes short, dense, secund, somewhat spreading, disposed in an elongated or pyramidal somewhat leafy panicle; peduncles and pedicels nearly glabrous; scales of the 8-12 flowered involucre oblong, obtuse; rays rather large; achenia nearly glabrous.” In sphagnum bogs and their borders, sometimes in open marshes. Frequent across the State northward, and rare or local southward to Long Island and Staten Island. [S', uniligulata (DC.) Porter, var. neglecta (T. & G.) Fernald, Rhodora 23: 292. 1922]. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 691 22 Solidago uniligulata (DC.) Porter, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 320. 1894 • Few-rayed goldenrod Bigelovia (?) uniligulata DC. Prodr. 5: 320. 1836 S. linoides T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 216. 1841. Not Soland. Chrysoma uniligulata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 325. 1841 S. neglecta var. linoides A. Gray, Syn. FI. I1: 154. 1884 In bogs and swamps. Infrequent across the State northward. Rare southward to Van Cortlandt Park, New York City, Taylor. Var. levipes Fernald, Rhodora 17: 7. 1915, with the branches of the panicle and pedicels glabrous or glabrate and glutin¬ ous, seems to include nearly all of the inland specimens of this species, viz : Penn Yan, Sartwell. Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell. Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Peck , House, Baxter. Waverly, Tioga county, Fenno. 23 Solidago juncea Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 213. 1789 Early or sharp-toothed goldenrod S. ciliaris Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2056. 1804 S. arguta T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 214. 1841; Torr. FI. N. Y. 1: 362. 1843. Not Ait. S', juncea var. scabrella A. Gray, Syn. FI. i1: 155. 1884 Aster ciliaris Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 315. 1891 In dry or rocky soil. Frequent across the State northward. Less common southward and throughout its range somewhat variable in degree of pubescence and character of inflorescence. 24 Solidago arguta Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 213. 1789 Cut-leaved goldenrod S. Muhlenbergii T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 214. 1841 .S’. Vaseyi Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 7- 1900 In rich soil of open woods and thickets. Frequent or common northward across the State, except at higher elevations in the Adiron- dacks. Rare southward on Long Island and Staten Island, and (ac¬ cording to Taylor) not reported from the Bronx. Section 6 Triplinerviae 25 Solidago canadensis L. Sp. PI. 878. 1753 Canada or rock goldenrod Y. humilius Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 16. 1768 S’. canadensis glabrata Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 21: 310. 1894 Stems rather slender, often 3-4 feet tall, glabrous at least below, often minutely pubescent above ; leaves narrowly lanceolate, thin, glabrous above, minutely pubescent beneath, usually sharply serrate, the middle ones 2-4 inch long, ^3 to inch wide ; heads very small, 692 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM crowded in recurved racemes forming dense broadly pyramidal pani¬ cles ; pedicels strongly pilose ; involucral bracts linear, mostly attenu¬ ate, greenish-straw color. In thickets and rich soil in open woods. Common across the State northward. Less frequent southward to Columbia county, the Cats- kill mountains, and the uplands of the State westward to Lake Erie. Var. Hargeri Fernald, Rhodora 17: 11. 1915, with villous stems and leaves closely cinereous-puberulent beneath, described from New England, occurs sparingly in the Hudson valley. 26 Solidago rupestris Raf. Ann. Nat. 14. 1820 Smooth Canada goldenrod A tall smooth, slender extreme of the S. canadensis type, with leaves glabrous upon both surfaces, entire or nearly so, only the pedicels slightly pilose or glabrate. Rocky stream banks and open woods. Rare in the northern part of the State. Specimens from St Lawrence county appear to belong here, although the species as now understood is given a range chiefly south and west of our borders. 27 Solidago lepida DC. Prodr. 5: 339. 1826 With the foliage and size of heads of somewhat intermediate be¬ tween S. canadensis and S. serotina, but branches of the panicle strongly ascending or but slightly recurved. Fernald (Rhodora 17: 8-9. 1915), states that the common form of this species eastward is a very large extreme ofS. elongata Nutt. (S. lepida var. elongata Fernald, l.c. 9), with large leaves running well into the inflorescence. S. lepida has heretofore been considered a western species, but several collections from northern New York, which have been previouly referred to Y. canadensis, S. canadensis glabrata, or to S. serotina, agree with Fernald’s descrip¬ tion. The range of this form in northern New York is not fully known but is probably confined to the region east of Lake Ontario and across the Adirondacks to Lake Champlain. 28 Solidago serotina Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 211. 1789 Late goldenrod S. glabra Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris ed. 3, 402. 1829 In thickets and moist woods, usually in rich or moist soil or depres¬ sions. Frequent or common throughout most sections of the State, especially northward and up to 3000 feet altitude in the Adirondacks. Var. gigantea (Ait.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 179, 196. 1882 S. gigantea Ait., l.c. 5". serotina Willd., l.c. & T. & G., FI. N. Am. 1841. Not Ait. Common but not as a rule taller than the typical species, as the name might indicate ; leaves with the lateral veins more prominent ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 693 beneath, and these more or less pilose-pubescent or hispidulous, some¬ times the veins or even the whole under surface of the blades pubescent. Frequent throughout the same range as the typical species. 29 Solidago altissima L. Sp. PI. 878. 1753 Tall, high or double goldenrod S. scabra Muhl. Cat. 1813 3". canadensis var. scabra T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 224. 1841 Usually in rather dry or rich soil in open places or in thickets. Frequent or common across the State, although often somewhat locally so. Rather more common in southeastern New York than northward and westward. Var. procera (Ait.) Fernald, Rhodora 10: 92. 1908 S. procera Ait., Hort. Kew. 3: 21 1. 1789 6'. canadensis var. procera T. & G., l.c. S’, rugosa pallida Peck, 46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 45. 1893 Stem and lower surface of the leaves more loosely pubescent with distinct hairs ; branches of the inflorescence scarcely if at all recurved at the tip ; heads a little larger and the rays slightly longer. Uncommon across the State southward. Shokan, Peck (typical and distinct). Other collections indicate that the variety is not constant and merges into the typical form of the species. 30 Solidago nemoralis Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 213. 1789 Gray, field or dwarf goldenrod, Dyer’s weed S. cinerascens Schw. in Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 375. 1821 Aster hispidus Kffntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 316. 1891 In dry, usually sandy soil. Locally common across the State northward, and occasional in the Adirondacks in sandy localities. Increasingly common southward on Long Island and Staten Island. In most of the specimens from the northern and western Adiron¬ dacks the conspicuous hoary indument of the coastal plant is nearly or quite lacking, and the akenes are slightly pubescent at the apex. Subgenus Oligoneuron Solidago, Sect. Corymbosae T. & G., FI. N. Am. 2: 208. 1841, in large part Oligoneuron Small, FI. SE. U. S. 1188. 1903 31 Solidago rigida L. Sp. PI. 880. 1753 Stiff or hard-leaved goldenrod S. grandiflora Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 359. 1808 0. rigidum Small, l.c. In dry sandy or gravelly soil. Rare in the lower Hudson valley, on Long Island, and, in the western part of the State. 694 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Along the Hudson at Copake, Peck (31st Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 52. 1879). Yonkers, /. H. Pooley (Torr. Club Bui. 2: 3. 1871). Hudson highlands and western part of State, Torrey (FI. N. Y. 1: 359. 1843). Rare on Long Island, unknown on Staten Island and in the Bronx, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 603. 1915). 32 Solidago ohioensis Riddell, Syn. FI. West. States 57. 1835 Ohio goldenrod In moist soil and boggy places. Rare or local in western New York. (Formerly) in Lodi swamp, Syracuse, Wibbe (Torr, Club Bui. 10: 46. 1883). Yates county, Sartwell; various parts of western New York, Kneiskern, Clinton, and marly portions of Bergen swamp, Genesee county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 93, 187. 1865). Rochester, Bergen swamp and Pittsford (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 73. 1896; 5: 19. 1910). Junius, Seneca county, House. 33 Solidago Houghtonii T. & G., Gray, Man. 21 1. 1848 Houghton’s goldenrod In this State known only from the marly bogs of Bergen swamp, Genesee county {Paine, Cat. 94. 1865. Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 73. 1896). Subgenus Euthamia Euthamia Nutt. Gen. 2: 162. 1818 34 Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb. Prodr. 109. 1796 Bushy, fragrant or flat-topped goldenrod Chrysocoma graminifolia L. Sp. PI. 841. 1753 S. lanceolata L. Mant. 114. 1767 E. graminifolia Nutt., l.c. E. camporum Greene, Pittonia 5: 74. 1902 In moist soil, fields and roadsides, sometimes in marshes, sw'amps and bogs or their borders. Common throughout the State but scarce or rare on southern Long Island. Var. Nuttallii (Greene) Fernald, Rhodora 10: 92. 1908 E. graminifolia Nutt., l.c. as to description E. Nuttallii Greene, l.c. 73 Leaves more pubescent ; branches of the inflorescence hirtellous. Somewhat rare or local northward and westward in the State, more frequent southward toward the coastal region. Var. galetorum (Greene) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 45- 1923 E. galetorum Greene, Leaflets 2: 151. 1911 Stems mostly simple, with a narrow corymbose inflorescence of several or few heads, plant entirely glabrous ; leaves shining green when fresh, with a suggestion of succulency (as described bar ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 695 Greene), 3-7 cm long, 5-9 mm wide, acute or acuminate, but not attenuate, broadest near the base which is abruptly narrowed to an obtuse or rounded sessile base. In bogs and on boggy shores of lakes and ponds in the Adirondacks, the shore of Oneida lake, Lake Ontario, and locally elsewhere in the region west of the Adirondacks in the St Lawrence basin. 35 Solidago polycephala Fernald, Rhodora 10 : 93. 1908 Small-headed bushy goldenrod E. floribunda Greene, Pittonia 5: 74. 1902. Not S. floribunda Wall. A somewhat local species in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania, which is reported from Hewlett, Long Island, in borders of salt- marshes, by Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 604. 1915). 36 Solidago Michauxii House, nom. nov. Narrow-leaved bushy goldenrod .S', lanceolata var. minor Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 116. 1803 E. minor Greene, Pittonia 5: 78. 1902 5. minor Fernald, Rhodora 10 : 93. 1908. Not Mill. 1768 In sandy soil, chiefly south of our borders. In this State known only from Long Beach, Long Island, House, and Cutchogue, Latham, but doubtless of wider distribution on Long Island or Staten Island. 37 Solidago tenuifolia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 540. 1814 Slender fragrant goldenrod, quobsque weed E. tenuifolia Greene, l.c. 77 E. remota Greene, l.c. 78 Aster Euthamia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 316. 1891 In dry sandy soil. Frequent or common on Long Island and Staten Island. Less frequent northward to the Hudson highlands. Said to be introduced on the sandbar of Irondequoit bay, Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 73. 1896). BELLIS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 886 1753 Beilis perennis L., l.c. European or garden daisy, marguerite Native of Europe. Common in cultivation. Occasionally spon¬ taneous or persistent or sometimes well established in waste places, on lawns and along roadsides in many parts of the State. BOLTONIA L’Her. Sert. Angl. 16. 1788 Boltonia asteroides (L.) L’Her., l.c. Aster-like boltonia Matricaria asteroides L. Mant. 116. 1767 M. glastifolia Hill, Hort. Kew. 19: pi. 3. 1768 B. glastifolia L’Her., l.c. 6g 6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In moist soil. Native from New Jersey southward and westward. Reported as a weed in Connecticut, but not definitely known from New York. SERI CO CARPUS Nees, Gen. & Sp. Ast. 148. 1833 1 Sericocarpus linifolius (L.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 26. 1888 Narrow-leaved white-topped aster Conyza linifolia L. Sp. PI. 861. 1753 Aster solidagineus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 108. 1803 S. solidagineus Nees, l.c. 149 Aster solidaginoides Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2024. 1804 In dry, usually sandy soil. Frequent on Long Island. Rare on Staten Island and in the Bronx. Not reported north of southern Westchester county. 2 Sericocarpus asteroides (L.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 26. 1888 Toothed white-topped aster Conysa asteroides L. Sp. PI. 861. 1753 Aster conyzoides Willd., l.c. 2043 A. tnarylandicus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 108. 1803 A. leucanthemus Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 359. 1808 N. conyzoides Nees, l.c. 150 In dry woods. Common southward in the State, especially in sandy or rocky situations. Less common northward to Saratoga, Lewis, Monroe and Erie counties. ASTER L. Sp. PI. 872. 1753 Subgenus Euaster Section 1 B i o t i a 1 Aster carmesinus Burgress; Britton & Brown, Ulus. FI. 3: 356. /. 3735- 1898 Crimson wood aster On shaded rocks in the lower Hudson valley, especially near Yonkers. (Torr. Club Mem. 13: 197. pi. 5. 1906). Closely related forms have been described as : A. castaneus Burgess; Small, FI. SE. U. S. 1211. 1903; Torr. Club Mem. 13: 201. 1906 A. olivaceus Burgess, Torr. Club Mem. 13: 204. 1906 2 Aster tenebrosus Burgess ; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3 : 357. /. 3736. 1898 Slender wood aster In moist shaded woodlands. Frequent in the southeastern part of the State, especially in the lower Hudson valley. (Torr. Club Mem. 13: 207. 1906). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 69 7 3 Aster Claytoni Burgess ; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3 : 358. /. 37 4° • 1898 Clayton’s wood aster In sunny or slightly shaded rocky places. Infrequent or local across the State south of the Adirondacks. (Torr. Club Mem. 13: 212. pi. 7. 1906; Britton & Brown, ed. 2, 3: 410. f. 4287. 1913). Closely related forms are : A. ebeneus Burgess, Torr. Club. Mem. 13: 227. 1906 A. mollescens Burgess, l.c. 229 A. ardens Burgess, l.c. 232 A. arcuatus Burgess, l.c. 240 A. sociabilis Burgess, l.c. 242 A. ulmarius Burgess, l.c. 244 4 Aster scutiformis Burgress, l.c. 237 Shield-shaped woodland aster Moist, usually shaded, often rocky woodlands. Occasional or frequent in the Hudson valley. 5 Aster divaricatus L. Sp. PI. 873. 1753 White1 wood aster A. corymbosus Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 207. 1789 In open woodlands and thickets, in rather dry soil. Common throughout the State, and in the Adirondacks below 3000 feet eleva¬ tion. Burgess (Torr. Club Mem. 13: 127. 1906) describes as subspecies (or varieties) : alatus, cymulosus, curtifolius, deltoideus and fontinalis. The following variations or forms are described as species : A. arenicola Burgess, Torr. Club Mem. 13: 138. 1906 A. atrovirens Burgess, l.c. 140 A. erectus Burgess, l.c. 147 A. fimb’riatus Burgess, l.c. 150 A. fragrans Burgess, l.c. 153 A. excavatus Burgess; Small, FI. SE. U. S. 1211. 1903 A. subinteger Burgess, Torr. Club Mem. 13: 159. 1906 A. sextilis Burgess, l.c. 161 A. stilettiformis Burgess; Small, FI. SE. U. S. 1211. 1903 A. parthianus Burgess, Torr. Club Mem. 13: 166. 1906 A. camptilis Burgess, l.c. 168 A. archifolius Burgess, l.c. 174 A. capillaris Burgess, l.c. 176 A. virgularis Burgess, l.c. 177 A. rupicola Burgess, l.c. 180 A. circularis Burgess, l.c. 184 A. argillarius Burgess, l.c. 186 A. aucuparius Burgess, l.c. 190 A. listriformis Burgess, l.c. 193 Aster persaliens Burgess (l.c. 140), common in rocky woodlands of the Hudson valley northward to Albany county, is one of the most distinct forms of this species, and one which is perhaps worthy of specific or varietal recognition. 698 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6 Aster curvescens Burgess ; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3 : 359. 1898 Dome-topped aster In loose, moist shaded soil, in the southeastern part of the State. (Torr. Club Mem. 13: 250. pi. 9. 1906; Britton & Brown, ed. 2, 3:411./. 4288. 1913). Closely related forms are described as : A. oviformis Burgess, Torr. Club Mem. 13: 253. 1906 A. vittatus Burgess, l.c. 256 A. exacutus Burgess, l.c. 260 A. umbelliformis Burgess, l.c. 257 A. eriensis Burgess, l.c. 261 7 Aster glomeratus (Nees) Burgess; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3: 258. 1898 Bernhardi’s aster Eurybia glomcrata Nees, Gen. & Sp. Ast. 139. 1832 Biotia glomerata DC. Prodr. 5: 183. 1836 In moist thickets or swamps. Frequent across the State south of the Adirondacks. Closely related forms are described as : A. julianus Burgess, Torr. Club Mem. 13: 272. 1906 A. limicola Burgess, l.c. 273 8 Aster Schreberi Nees, Syn. Ast. 16. 1818; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 3: 41 1. /. 4289. 1913 Schreber’s aster In borders of woods and along fencerows in partial shade. Frequent across the State south of the Adirondacks. The following described as species, are closely related ; A. rectifolius Burgess, Torr. Club Mem. 13: 284. 1906 A. amnicola Burgess, l.c. 286 A. sylvicola Burgess, l.c. 289 A. ambiguus Bernhardi ; Nees, Gen. Ast. 138. 1832; Burgess, l.c. 291 A. subcymosus Bernhardi; Nees, l.c.; Burgess, l.c. 295 9 Aster macrophyllys L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1232. 1763 Large-leaved aster In moderately dry soil, in shaded places. Common throughout most sections of the State except at high elevations in the Adiron¬ dacks. Four subspecies are described by Burgess (in Britton and Brown, Illus. FI. 3: 1898), as follows: apricensis; sejunctus; velutinus and pinguifolius. The following closely related forms are described as species. A. excelsior Burgess, Torr. Club Mem. 13: 327. 1906 A. biformis Burgess, l.c. 331 A. uniformis Burgess, l.c. 333 A. alleghaniensis Burgess, l.c. 336 A. sabulosus Burgess, l.c. 337 A. quadratus Burgess, l.c. 339 A. densatus Burgess, l.c. 341 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 699 10 Aster roscidus Burgess; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3: 360. 1898 Dewy-leaved aster In slight shade and rich cleared woodlands. Frequent across the State, except at high altitudes in the Adirondacks, southward to New York City (Britton & Brown, ed. 2, 3 : 412. /. 4291. 1913 ; N. State Mus. Bui. 67: 19. 1903). Var. variifolius Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 75: 23. 1904 (as subspecies), on the shore of Lake Ontario, near Mexico, Oswego county. Closely related forms described as species, are: A. ferox Burgess, Torr. Club Mem. 13: 348. 1906 A. iostemma Burgess, l.c. 351 A. gremialis Burgess, l.c. 353 11 Aster violaris Burgess; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3: 361. 1898; ed. 2, 3: 412. f. 4293. 1913 Violet-leaf aster In shaded, moist places, sometimes in leaf-mold among rocks. Occasional across the State from the Hudson valley to Lake Erie. Closely related forms described as species, are: A. quiescens Burgess, Torr. Club Mem. 13: 382. 1906 A. granulosus Burgess, l.c. 385 A. Jussiei Burgess, l.c. 388 A. decaphyllus Burgess, l.c. 391 12 Aster ianthinus Burgess; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3: 360. 1898; ed. 2, 3: 412. /. 4292. 1913 Violet wood aster On shaded banks and along woodland paths. Occasional across the State south of the Adirondacks, northward to St Lawrence county {Phelps). 13 Aster multiformis Burgess; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3: 361. 1898; ed. 2, 3: 413. f. 4294. 1913; Torr. Club Mem. 13: 367. 1906 Various-leaved aster In moist shaded places. Occasional across the southern part of the State, and locally northward. Peck reports it from Minne- waska, Ulster county (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 116: 18. 1907). A closely related form described as Aster elaeagnus Burgess (Torr. Club Mem. 13 : 373. 1906), is reported by Peck, from North Elba, Essex county (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 116: 18. 1907). 14 Aster nobilis Burgess; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3: 361. 1898; Torr. Club. Mem. 13: 356. 1906 Noble aster In leaf-mold of moist woods and thickets. Frequent across the State from Lake Champlain to Lake Erie, southward to the Hudson highlands. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 700 Closely related forms, described as species, are : A. ampliatus Burgess, Torr. Club Mem. 13: 359. 1906 A. sympodialis Burgess, l.c. 361 A. securiformis Burgess, l.c. 365 Section 2 Calliastrum 15 Aster spectabilis Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 209. 1789 Low Showy aster, seaside purple aster In dry, usually sandy soil, in fields, open woods and thickets. Frequent on Long Island and Staten Island. Rare northward into Westchester and Rockland counties. Erroneously reported from Syracuse. 16 Aster Radula Ait., l.c. 210 Low Rough aster In bogs, swamps and low woods. Infrequent or rare on Long Island and Staten Island. Valley Stream, /. A. Bisky (Torr. Club Bui. 14: 13. 1887). Mariner’s Harbor, Staten Island, R. G. Eccles (Torr. Club Bui. 18: 213. 1891). 17 Aster Herveyi A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 229. 1867 Hervey’s aster A. commixtus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 315. 1891 Borders of oak woods in rather moist soil. Usually credited only to Long Island, but specimens agreeing, have been collected by Peck, northward to Voorheesville, Albany county, and at Blue Mountain lake, in the Adirondacks (46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 45. 1893), and from near the shore of Lake Ontario at Mexico, Oswego county, Peck, Jones. Included by Burgess in the Biotian Asters. Section 3 Asterellus Heterophylli 18 Aster azureus Lindl. ; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1 : 98. 1835 Sky-blue aster A. oolentangiensis Riddell, Syn. FI. W. States 55. 1835. A. capillacens Burgess; Small, FI. SE. U. S. 1215. 1903 On prairies, banks of streams and borders of woods. Infrequent or rare from Monroe county westward. Rare near Rochester, Searing (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 74. 1896). Near the whirlpool of Niagara river, on the top and edge of the bank, 1865, Clinton (19th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 74. 1866; Day, PI. Buffalo, 42. 1883). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 701 19 Aster cordifolius L. Sp. PL 875. 1753 Common blue wood aster A. paniculatus Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2035. 1804. Not Lam. A. heterophyllus Willd., l.c. A. choralis Steele, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 372. 1911 In moist or rather dry soil of woods, thickets and roadside banks. Frequent or common in most sections of the State, but rare on the southern side of Long Island and not reported from the higher Adirondacks. Var. polycephalus Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 21 : 120. 1894, is rather frequent throughout the same range. A form of this variety with white rays was collected by Peck at Whitehall. The size of the heads is not always as small as described, occa¬ sionally forms are found which seem to approach in this respect A. divaricatus and A. Lindleyanus. 20 Aster Lowrieanus Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 21: 121. 1894 Lowrie’s aster A. cordifolius var. laevigatus Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 16: 67. 1889 A. leiophyllus Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 254. 1893 Occasional in open woods in the Hudson valley and the foothills of the Catskill mountains, southward to Long Island and Staten Island, westward to central and western New York. Long Island and Staten Island, increasing northward to Orange, Rockland and Putnam counties, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 610. 1915). Richmond Hill, Long Island, Jelliffe (Torreya 4: 100. 1904). Lake Mohonk and Shokan, Peck (45th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 27. 1893; 46th Rep’t 46. 1893). Not uncommon, Clute (FI. Upper Sus¬ quehanna 57. 1898). Common (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 20. 1910). Var. lanceolatus Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 21: 121. 1894 (A. cordifolius var. lanceolatus Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 16: 68. 1889; A. Lowrieanus var. lancifolius Porter, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 325. 1894), appears to be frequent in southern New York. Var. incisus (Britton) Porter, Torn Club Bui. 21: 121. 1894 (A. cordifolius var. incisus Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 19: 224. 1892; A. Lowrieanus Bicknellii Porter, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 325. 1894), Occurs at Riverdale, near New York City, Bicknell, at Minnewaska, Peck (53d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 850. 1900) and other localities in the lower Hudson valley. 21 Aster Lindleyanus T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 122. 1841 Lindley’s aster A. paniculatus Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 207. 1789- Not Lam. A. Wilsoni Rydb. Torr. Club Bui. 37: 138. 1910 Thickets and open places. Rare across the northern part of the State and along the St Lawrence river. 702 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 22 Aster sagittifolius Wedem. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2035. 1804 Arrow-leaved aster A. paniculatus Muhl. Cat. 1813; Dari. FI. Cest. 464. 1818. Not Lam. A. hirtellus Lindl. in DC. Prodr. 5: 233. 1836 A. urophyllus Lindl., l.c. In dry soil. Infrequent across the State from Lake Champlain to Lake Erie, south to Dutchess and Chemung counties. Mechanicsville to Bemus Heights, Saratoga county, Peck; Sandy Hill, Washington county, Burnham (50th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 122. 1S97). Auburn, 7. 77. Hall; Yates county, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 91. 1865). Piffard, Livingston county and along railroad between Piffard and Rochester, Peck (40th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 73. 1887). Elmira, Lucy (Clute, FI. Upper Sus¬ quehanna 57. 1898). Common (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 74. 1896). 23 Aster undulatus L. Sp. PI. 875. 1753 Wavy-leaved aster A. diversifolius Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 113. 1803 A. paniculatus Nutt. Gen. 2: 56. 1818. Not Lam. A. sagittifolius Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 362. 1824. Not Willd. In dry soil. Common across the State, especially southward. In the Adirondacks, chiefly at lower elevations and in sandy localities up to 2000 feet elevation. Patentes 24 Aster patens Ait. Hort. Kew. 3 : 201. 1789 Later purple aster A. undulatus Ell., l.c. 361. Not L. A. patcntissimus Lindl. in DC. Prodr. 5: 232. 1836 A. amplexicaulis Michx., l.c. 114 In dry, usually sandy or rocky soil, in open places and thickets. Common from Rensselaer, Washington, and Warren counties south¬ ward. Less frequent westward in central New York, the Ontario lowlands and western New York. Var. phlogifolius (Muhl.) Nees, Gen. & Sp. Ast. 49. 1832 Aster phlogifolius Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2034. 1804 In its typical form, this appears quite distinct from A. patens, but practically all gradations between the two are frequent, and it is evidently best regarded as a variety. Common in eastern and south¬ ern New York, and locally westward. Grandiflorii 25 Aster novae-angliae L. Sp. PI. 875. 1753 New England aster A. amplexicaulis Lam. Encycl. 1: 304. 1783 (excl. syn. Tourn.) A. spurius Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2032. 1804 A. concinnus Colla, Flort. Rip. App. 3: t. 12. 1825. Not Willd. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 703 In moist or dry fields and meadows and in and on the borders of woods and swamps. Common in most sections of the State. Forma geneseensis House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 40. 1923, with white ray flowers, near Rochester. Forma rosarius House l.c. 30. (A. roseus Desf. 1829, not Bieb. 1812; A. novae- angliae var. roseus DC.), with pink or rose-colored ray flowers is occasionally seen. 26 Aster amethystinus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 294. 1841 Amethysist-colored aster A. bostoniensis Baker, Card. Chron. 2: 744. 1884 In moist soil. Saratoga, Rensselaer and Schenectady counties, southward. Not Common. Reesville, Schenectady county, Wibbe (Torr. Club Bui. 13 : 39. 1886). Green island, Albany county, Wibbe (28th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 47. 1876). North Greenbush, Peck. Woodlawn, New York City, E. C. Hozve (Torr. Club Bui. 9: 35. 1882). New York Island, Bicknell (Torr. Club. Bui. 7: 121. 1880). Punicei 27 Aster puniceus L. Sp. PI. 875. 1753 Red-stalked or purple-stemmed aster A. hispidus & A. amoenus Lam. Encycl. 1: 306. 1783 A. blandus Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 959 In swamps, marshes and moist or wet places. Common through¬ out the State. Variable in regard to color of stem, degree of pubescence and shape of leaves. The most distinct varieties are : Var. demissus Lindl. Bot. Reg. pi. 1636. Var. firmus (Nees) T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 140. 1841 (A. firmus Nees, Gen. & Sp. Ast. 66. 1832; A. puniceus var. laevicaulis Gray, Syn. FI. i2: 195. 1884). Var. lucidulus Gray, l.c. 195. (A. lucidus Wenderoth, Flora 12: 1, Ergbl. 25. 1829, Not Moench; A. puniceus var. lucidus MacM. Met. Minn. 517. 1892. Var. compactus Fernald, Rhodora 1 : 189. 1899. Brief descriptions of these varieties may be found in Robinson & Fernald (Gray’s Man. ed. 7, 1908). They are often not clearly distinct, and sometimes intergrade with each other and with the typi¬ cal form of the species. A form of the variety firmus, with white rays, has been collected at Hamlin, Monroe county, Beck¬ with, Penn Yan, S. H. Wright, and at Lake Pleasant, Peck. 28 Aster tardiflorus L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 1231. 1763 Northeastern aster A. patulus Lam. Encycl. 1: 308. 1783 A. pallens Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. Suppl. 58. 1811 A. Tradcscanti Hoffm. Phyt. Blatt. 86. t. D, f. 2. Not L. A. acuminatus Nees, Ast. 16. 1818 A. abbreviatus Nees, l.c. 704 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Along streams, in moist thickets and on banks. Frequent or locally common from Lake Champlain southward to Ulster and Delaware counties and westward across the State. A series of several specimens collected by Peck at Shokan, indicate a rather extraordinary range of variation in the shape of the leaf- blades and in the form of the inflorescence, and Pease (Rhodora 19 : 88-90. 1917) suggests that this is possibly a hybrid between A . cordifolius and A. puniceus. 29 Aster prenanthoides Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3 : 2046. 1804 Crooked-stemmed aster In moist soil, borders of streams, in thickets and rich woodlands. Common across the State, and locally throughout most of the Adiron¬ dack region and the northern counties. Abundant and variable in the Catskills. Specimens collected by Peck at Shokan indicate an apparent intergradation with Aster tardiflorus. Var. porrectifolius Porter, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 326 1894 (A. prenanthoides var. longifolius Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 17: 16. 1890), has been collected at Shokan, Ulster county, Peck (52d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 652. 1899) and at a few other localities in the Catskill region. Concinni 30 Aster laevis L. Sp. PI. 876. 1753 Smooth aster A. rubricaulis Lam. Encycl. 1: 305. 1783 A. pennsylvanicus Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 498. 1810 A. amplexicaulis Muhl.; Willd. Sp. 3: 2046. 1804 A. cyaneus Hoffm. Phyt. Blatt. 71. t. B. f. 1. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1495 A. glaucesccns Nees. Syn. Ast. 16. 1818 A. politus Nees, l.c. In dry, usually sandy or rocky soil, or sometimes in moist thickets or rich soil in open places. Common or frequent across the State outside of the Higher Adirondacks. Var. amplifolius Porter, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 324. 1894 (A. laevis var. latifolius Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 21: 121. 1894), with broader leaves, is rare. Var. concinnus (Willd.) House, l.c. 15. A. concinnus Willd. Enum. 884. 1809 Leaves extremely long and correspondingly narrow. In its typical form appearing quite distinct, but intergrades freely with the typical form of A. laevis. Occasional or frequent from Lake Champlain southward and westward across the State. A form of the typical species, forma Beckwithiae House, with white ray flowers, occurs near Rochester. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS Juncei 31 Aster junceus Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 204. 1789 Rush or bog aster A. salicifolius Richards. App. Frankl. Jour. Ed. 1, 478. 1823 A. laxiflorus vars. borealis & laetiflorus T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 138. 1841 A. borealis Provancher, FI. Canad. 1: 308. 1862 A. longulus Sheldon, Geol. Surv. Minn. 9: 18. pi. 2. 1894 A. junciformis Rydb. Torr. Club Bui. 37: 142. 1910 In swamps and especially in bogs or boggy depressions and marly bogs. Frequent across the northern part of the State, in central New York and westward to Lake Erie. Less abundant or local southward to Columbia, Greene, Tompkins and Tioga counties. 32 Aster novi-belgi L. Sp. PI. 8 77. 1753 New York aster A. floribundus Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2084. 1804 A. eminens var. virgineus Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1656 (white-flowered form) A. laxus T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 134. 1841 A. longifolius A. Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 233. 1867 In swamps and along the shores of streams, lakes and ponds. Common along the Atlantic coast, and along streams and lakes throughout the Adirondack region. Locally frequent elsewhere across the State. Var. laevigatus (Lam.) A. Gray, Syn. FI. i2: 189. 1884 A. laevigatus Lam. Encycl. 1: 306. 1783 A. mutabilis Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 205. 1789. Not L. A. brumalis Nees, Syn. Ast. 69. 1832 A. argutus Nees, l.c. Smooth and glabrous throughout, leaves mostly oblong-lanceolate, little if at all thickened, the upper ones somewhat clasping by an abrupt or obscurely auricled base; involucral bracts in few ranks, rather short and with comparatively short acutish herbaceous tips. Commonly cultivated and naturalized in Europe. Apparently rare as a native plant in the eastern states. Var. litoreus A. Gray, Syn. FI. i2: 189. 1884 A. tardiflorus Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2049. 1804. Not. L. A. adulterinus Willd. Enum. 884. 1809; Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1571 Plant rather rigid, mostly low, very leafy; leaves thickish, usually very smooth, oblong to lanceolate, the upper sometimes auriculate; bracts in several loose rows, all but the innermost with broadish obtuse tips, the outer ones usually spatulate. Chiefly in the salt- marshes and along shores on Long Island and Staten Island and the Westchester county shore of Long Island sound. Var. elodes A. Gray, Syn. FI. i2: 190. 1884 A. elodes T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 136. 1841 A. longifolius Gray, Man. 233. 1848. Not Lam. Stems slender, often low and simple ; leaves thickish, long, nar¬ rowly linear, entire, the uppermost small and bract-like ; bracts yo6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM narrow, with short and mostly spreading acutish tips. In swamps on Long Island and southward, and in the Adirondacks. Varieties atlanticus and Brittonii (Burgess, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. Ed. I, 3: 370, 371. 1898) are also found in the coastal region of the State. 33 Aster longifolius Lam. Encycl. 1 : 306. 1783 Long-leaved aster A. aestivus Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 203. 1789 In swamps and moist ground. Frequent across the northern part of the State. Less abundant or rare in central and western New York and southward to Westchester county (Hall, in Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 40. 1865; Torr. Club BuL 2: 2. 1871). Var. villicaulis A. Gray, Syn. FI. i2: 189. 1884, with stems and midribs of the leaves densely white-villous. Rare in the northern part of the State. Concolores 34 Aster concolor L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1228. 1763 Eastern silky aster Virgulus concolor Raf. FI. Tellur. 2: 46. 1836 Virgula concolor Raf.; DC. Prodr. 5: 243. 1836 In dry, usually sandy soil. Frequent on the south side of Long Island and rare on the western side of Staten Island. Dumosi 35 Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 9: 10. 1889 Starved or calico aster Solidago lateriflorus L. Sp. PI. 879. 1753 A. diffusus Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 205. 1789 A. diver gens Ait., l.c. A. Tradescanti Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 115.. 1803. Not L. A. miser Nutt. Gen. 2: 158. 1818 A. horisontalis Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris ed. 3, 402. 1812 A. paruiflorus Dari. FI. Cest. 446. 1834. Not Nees. In dry or moist soil. Common in nearly all sections of the State. Consists of many races or varieties and forms, differing in leaf- form, inflorescence and pubescence. The most distinct of these varieties are : Var. glomerullus (T. & G.) Burgess (A. miser var. glomerullus T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 129. 1841), with simple or subsimple stems, leaves oblong-lanceolate, hispidulous ; inflorescence small and axillary, or short, terminal and spicate. Var. hirsuticaulis (Lindl.) Porter, Torr. Club Men. 5; 324. 1894 (A. hirsuticaulis Lindl.; DC. Prodr. 5: 242. 1836), usually slender, the stems and midveins of the elongated lanceolate leaves generally villous or hirsute ; branches slender, spreading or ascending, simple. Common in woods and thickets. Sometimes regarded as a distinct species. Var. grandis Porter, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 324. 1894 (A. bifrons Lindl., l.c. 243, Not All. A. diffusus var. bifrons Gray, Syn. FI. i2: ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 707 187. 1884. A. lateridorus var. bifrons Fernald, Rhodora 10: 94. 1908). A luxuriant form, with large, thin leaves (1-1.5 dm long, 2.5-4 cm wide) and rather larger heads, loosely disposed on the spreading branches. Var. pendulus (Ait.) Burgess (A. pendulus Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 204. 1789), a form with narrower and less serrate leaves, verging toward A. vimineus. Var. thyrsoideus (Gray) Sheldon, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 286. 1893 (A. diffusus var. thyrsoideus A. Gray, Syn. FI. i2: 187. 1884). Cinereous-pubescent or glabrate, with ovate-oblong to lanceolate leaves ; branches ascending and often short, the thyrsoid or spicate- glomerate heads less secund. Aster missouriensis Britton. Var. variifolius Peck appears to be the typical form of the species in regard to inflorescence, but extremely variable as to width of leaves on different plants, and even on the same plant. 36 Aster vimineus Lam. Encycl. 1 : 306. 1783 Small white aster A. Tradcscanti T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 129. 1841. Not L. A. foliosus Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 203. 1789 A. tenuifolius Ell. Bot. S.C. & Ga. 2: 347. 1824. Not L. In moist soil. Frequent across the state outside of the higher Adirondacks. The so-called var. foliosus (Ait.) Gray (Syn. FI. i2: 186. 1884), occasionally sufficiently distinct to be regarded as a possible variety. 37 Aster multiflorus Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 203. 1789 Dense-flowered aster, white wreath aster A. ciliatus Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2027. 1804 A. multiflorus var. stricticaulis T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 125. 1841 In dry open woods and thickets, often in fields. Frequent or common across the State from Lake Champlain to Lake Ontario and southward, outside of the Adirondack region. Var. exiguus Fernald, Rhodora 1 : 187. 1899, with heads solitary or slightly clustered at the tips of slender flexuous branches, is in¬ frequent or rare. 38 Aster dumosus L. Sp. PI. 873. 1753 Rice-button aster A. sparsiflorus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 112. 1803 A. fragilis Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1537 In sandy soil. Common along the Atlantic coast, especially on Long Island and Staten Island. Less common northward and west¬ ward to Rensselaer, Saratoga, Oneida, Lewis, Monroe and Erie counties. Var. coridifolius (Michx.) T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 128. 1841 (A. coridifolius Michx., l.c. ; A. foliolosus Elk, l.c. 345; Not Ait.; A. 23 7o8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM foliolosus var. coridifolius Nutt. Gen. 2: 155. 1818), with slender and flexuous, elongated branches, crowded with minute divergent leaves, and generally solitary terminal heads. Chiefly in sandy bar¬ rens along the coast. Var. strictior T. & G., l.c. with the branches stiff and ascending, occasional with the typical form. 39 Aster salicifolius Lam. Encycl. 1 : 306. 1783 Willow aster A. pracaltus Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 493. 1810 A. eminens Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 886. 1809 A. rigidulus Desf. Cat. 122. 1815 A. obliquus Nees, Ast. 76. 1832 A. Grecnei T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 134. 1841 In moist soil. Frequent or somewhat local across the State, chiefly outside of the Adirondacks and higher Catskills. The extremely narrow-leaved form, (A. stenopliyllus Lindl. ; DC. Prodr. 5: 242. 1836), is perhaps a good variety. 40 Aster paniculatus Lam. Encycl. 1 : 306. 1783 Tall white or panicled aster A. dracunculoides Willd. Sp. PI. 3:2050. 1804 In wet meadows, thickets and open woods. Common in most sections of the State. Consists of many races or varieties, differing in leaf form, leaf serration, size of heads, color of rays and pubescence. The best marked of these are : Var. lanatus Fernald, the stems densely white-villous or lanate. Rare in northern New York. Var. bellidiflorus (Willd.) Burgess (A. bellidiflorus Willd. Enum. 887. 1809), leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate, mostly entire; branches ascending with numerous clustered heads. Var. simplex (Willd.) Burgess (A. simplex Willd., l.c.; A. laxus Willd., l.c. 1 16; A. strictus Poir., l.c. 498), leaves large and thin, oblong-lanceolate to oblanceolate, the cauline 1-2 dm long, 2-4 cm wide, entire or slightly serrate ; heads scattered in leafy panicles. Var. acutidens Burgess, leaves as in the preceding variety, but conspicuously and coarsely serrate ; branches short, scarcely exceed¬ ing the subtending leaves. Var. cinerascens Fernald, stems closely cinereous-puberulent ; leaves dull green, scabrous above, lanceolate with slightly clasping bases, subentire. Rare in the Lake George and Lake Champlain regions. 41 Aster Tradescanti L. Sp. PI. 876. 1753 Tradescant’s aster, michaelmas daisy A. miser Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 205. 1789. Not L. A. fragilis Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2051. 1804 A. leucanthemus Desf. Cat. 102. 1815. Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 500. 1811 A. artemisiaefolius Poir., l.c. A. parviflorus Nees, Ast. 99. 1832 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS In fields and swamps. Common across the State, except in the higher Adirondacks and northern counties where it is rare, local or sometimes absent. Most abundant in the eastern and southern sections of the State. Var. saxatilis (Fernald) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 27. 1923 A. vimineus var. saxatilis Fernald, Rhodora 1: 188. 1899 A. saxatilis Blanchard, Am. Bot. 7: 27. 1904 In rocky situations in northern New York and New England (Dekalb, Phelps; Racquette Lake, Peck). Apparently a low race or depauperate development of this species, rather than a close relative of A. vimineus. Ericoidei 42 Aster Faxoni Porter, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 323. 1894 Faxon’s aster A. polyphyllus Willd. Enum. 888. 1809. Not Moench, 1802 A. ericoidcs Randii Britton, in Britton & Brown, Illus. 3: 379. 1898 In rocky or gravelly soil and on moist cliffs. Rare in the south¬ eastern part of the State. Spring Valley, Rockland county; Gravesend and Wading River, I.ong Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 614. 1915). To be looked for throughout the Hudson valley. 43 Aster ericoides L. Sp. PI. 875. 1753 White heath aster, frostweed aster A. sparsiflorus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 242. 1803 A. tenuifolius Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2026. 1804 A. glabellus Nees, Ast. 107. 1832 A. pauciflorus Martens, Bui. Acad. Brux. 8: 67. 1841 In dry, usually sandy soil. Infrequent across the State south of the Adirondacks. Increasingly abundant southward and common on Long Island and Staten Island. Var. pilosus (Willd.) Porter, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 323. 1894 (A. villosus Michx., l.c. 113. Not Thunb. ; A. pilosus Willd. Sp. PI. 3 ■ 2055. 1804; A. ericoides var. villosus T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2 : 128. 1841), with the stems and the narrow leaves villous-hirsute, is frequent in the range of the species, especially southward. 44 Aster Pringlei (A. Gray) Britton, in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3 : 379. 1898 Pringle’s aster A. ericoidcs var. Pringlei A. Gray, Syn. FI. i2: 184. 1884 On rocky banks. Occasional or rare in the Lake Champlain and Lake George regions and the eastern Adirondacks, southward to Rensselaer county. Probably of wider distribution at least in the Hudson valley. 7io NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Subgenus Ionactis (Greene) Aster, Sect. I an the Gray, Syn. FI. i2: 197. 1884 Diplopappus, Sect. I an the T. & G., FI. N. Am. 2: 181. 1841 Ionactis Greene, Pittonia 3: 245. 1897 45 Aster linariifolius L. Sp. PI. 874. 1753 Stiff or savory-leaved aster A. rigidus L., l.c. A. pulcherimus Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1: t 6. 1817 Chrysopsis Imariifolia Nutt. Gen. 2: 152. 1818 Diplostephium linariifolium Nees, Ast. 199. 1832 Diplopappus linariifolius Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 21. 1834 Ionactis linariifolius Greene, l.c. In dry, sandy or rocky soil. Locally common across the State from Washington to Lewis counties and westward to Lake Erie. Increasingly common southward, especially on Long Island and Staten Island. Two extremes or forms, as regards the inflorescence, are described as f. monocephalus House, and f. lateralis House, l.c. 14. Subgenus Orthomeris Section 1 Ptarmicoidei U n a m i a Greene, Leaflets 1 : 6. 1903 46 Aster ptarmicoides (Nees) T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 160. 1841 Upland white aster Inula ( Chrysopsis ) alba Nutt. Gen. 2: 152. 1818 Doellingeria ptarmicoides Nees, Ast. 183. 1832 Diplopappus albus Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2:21. 1834 Aster albus Eaton & Wright, Man. Bot. 146. Not Willd. Bucephalus albus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 299. 1841 Uuamia alba Rydb. Torr. Club Bui. 37: 146. 1910 I11 dry or rocky soil. Infrequent or rare from Washington county westward to Jefferson county and Lake Erie. Whitehall, Washington county, Peck. Banks of Black river, Jef¬ ferson county, Crawe ; Gray; banks of Genesee river, Booth (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 92. 1865). Banks of Black river below Water- town, House, 1921. Niagara river, Clinton (19th Rep’t Regents 205. 1866). Indian hill, Onondaga county, Goodrich (FI. Onon¬ daga Co. 184. 1912). Section 2 N e m o r a 1 i i Oclemena Greene, Leaflets 1: 6. 1903 47 Aster acuminatus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 109. 1803 Whorled or mountain aster A. divaricatus Lam. Encycl. 1: 205. 1783. Not L. 1753 Diplostephium acuminatum DC. Prodr. 5: 273. 1836 Oclemena acuminata Greene, l.c. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 7 1 1 In moist woods, especially in the hilly and mountainous sections of the State. Common northward throughout the Adirondacks and the Catskills. Less frequent westward to Lake Erie and southward to Long Island and Staten Island. 48 Aster nemoralis Ait. Hort. Kew. 3 : 198. 1789 Bog aster A. uniflorus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: no. 1803 A. ledifolius Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 544. 1814 Galatella nemoralis Nees, Ast. 173. 1832. Euceplialus nemoralis Greene, Pittonia 3: 57. 1896 Oclemena nemoralis Greene, Leaflets 1 : 5. 1903 In sandy bogs. Suffolk county, Long Island, and in bogs in the Adirondacks. Between Riverhead and Canoe Place, Suffolk county, E. S. Miller (Torr. Club Bui. 7: 18. 1880). Long pond and Hitching’s pond, Adirondack mountains, Brown (32d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 24. 1880). Five ponds, northern Herkimer county, Peck (47th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 29. 1894). Fifth lake, Hamilton county; New¬ comb, Essex county, House. Small or slender specimens with but a single inflorescence or head present a distinctive apparence, and is what Michaux described as A. uniflorus. Aster acuminatus x nemoralis A. nemoralis var. major Peck, 47th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 155. 1894 A. nemoralis var. Blakci Porter, Torr. Club Bui. 21: 311. 1894 A. Blakci House, l.c. 219-220: 241. 1920 There can be little question but that this is a hybrid between A. acuminatus and A. nemoralis, although its appearance is usually more like the latter species. It has been collected at Five ponds, Herkimer county, by Peck. Subgenus Tripolium (Nees) Tripolium Nees, Gen. & Sp. Ast. 152. 1832 Aster, Sect. Oxytripolium T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 161. 1841 Fimbristima Raf. FI. Tellur. 2 : 46. 1836 M e s o 1 i g u s Raf., l.c. 44 49 Aster tenuifolius L. Sp. PI. 873. 1753 Perennial salt-marsh aster A. Tripolium Walt. FI. Car. 210. 1788. Not L. A. sparsiflorus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 547. 1814 A. flexuosus Nutt. Gen. 2: 154. 1818 Tripolium flexuosum Nees, l.c. 15,5 F. flexuosa Raf.. l.c. In salt marshes along the Atlantic coast. Frequent. Reported by Mrs Goodrich (FI. Onondaga Co. 184. 1912) from the salt marshes near Syracuse. The report by Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 187. 1865) of this species from Jordanville, Herkimer county, apparently refers to A. junceus. 712 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 50 Aster subulatus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 111. 1803 Annual salt-marsh aster M . subulatus Raf., l.c. A. linifolius T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 162. 1841. Not L. 1753 Tripolitan subulatum Nees, l.c. 156 Frequent or common throughout the salt-marsh areas along the Atlantic coast and up the tidal rivers and streams, especially in the Hudson river within the influence of salt water. Occurs also in the salt marshes near Syracuse, Wibbe, Sheldon, Goodrich. DOELLINGERIA Nees, Gen. & Sp. Ast. 1832 1 Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) Nees, l.c. 178 Tall flat-topped white aster Aster umbellatus Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. 1768 A. amygdaUnus Lam. Encycl. 1: 305. 1783; Michx., l.c. 109 Chrysopsis amygdalina Nutt. Gen. 2: 153. 1818 Diplostcphiitm umbcllatum DC. Prodr. 5: 272. 1836 Diplo pappus umbellatus Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 22. 1834 in moist soil, often in swamps or marshes. Common throughout most sections of the State. Var. pubens (A. Gray) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 23. 1923 A. umbellatus var. pubens A. Gray, Syn. FI. i2 : 197. 1884 The lower surface of the oblong-lanceolate leaves tomentulose- pubescent. Ausable river, Essex county, Peck. More common west of our borders. Yar. oneidica House, l.c. 46. Leaves firmer in texture, scarcely paler beneath, only the branches of the small, compact inflorescence pubescent ; upper leaves con¬ spicuously reduced and linear-lanceolate; pappus white. Frequent in sandy bogs in Oneida county. Var. latifolia (A. Gray) House, comb. nov. A. humilis Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2038. 1804 A. umbellatus var. latifolius A. Gray, l.c. A. amygdaUnus Bertol. Misc. 6: t. 5. f. 1. 1847 D. cornifolia Lindl. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1 : 98. 1835. Not Nees. Diplopappus amydalinus T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 182. 1841 Doellingeria humilis Britton, in Britton & Brown, Illus. F!., 3: 392. 1898 Stems usually tall ; leaves ovate-lanceolate to ovate, comparatively short, less narrowed or sometimes rounded at the base. Chiefly south of our borders, reported from Millneck, Long Island, IV. C. Ferguson (Torreya 22: 49. 1922) as D. humilis. Pappus dingy white in color. Var. flexicaulis Blouse, var. nov. Stems slender, wiry, flexuous to more or less zigzag, glabrous except in the inflorescence, somewhat purplish in typical specimens ; ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS /I3 leaves lanceolate, somewhat falcate, acuminate at the short-petioled base, long acuminate at the apex, paler beneath, the margins scabrous- ciliate, the blades otherwise entire and glabrous ; inflorescence leafy, broadly and loosely compound corymbose, composed of 5 to 25, or rarely more heads on very slender, elongated, more or less arcuate and widely divergent, pubescent pedicels ; involucral bracts pubescent, obtuse, green with whitish margins; achenes strongly nerved, 4. 5-5. 5 mm long, finely hirsute ; pappus 5-6.5 mm long, nearly white, but with a very pale brownish or pale rusty tint. Growing more or less suspended from crevices of shaly cliffs along Fish creek, north of Taberg, Oneida county, House 9155, September 27. 1922. 2 Doellingeria infirma (Michx.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 52. 1896 Cornel-leaved aster Aster infirmus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 109. 1803 A. cornifolius Muh!. ; Willd. Sp. PL 3: 2039. 1804 A. humilis Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 67. 1809 Chrysopsis humilis Nutt. Gen. 2: 153. 1818 Doellingeria cornifolia Nees, Ast. 181. 1832 (partly) Diplostephium cornifolium DC. Prodr. 5: 272. 1836 In dry, usually sandy or rocky soil. Infrequent from Rensselaer county southward. Troy, E. C. Hoive. Rare on Long Island and in the Bronx; unknown on Staten Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 616. 1915). Cairo, Greene county, House. Napanoch, Ulster county, House. Sullivan Hill, Chemung county, Lucy (Clute, FI. Upper Susque¬ hanna 58. 1898). Oswego, Kneiskcrn (in Sartwell herbarium), but not since collected in this part of the State. Onondaga county, Goodrich (FI. Onondaga Co. 185. 1912), but unverified. MACHAERANTHERA Nees, Gen. & Sp. Ast. 224. 1832 1 Machaeranthera pulverulenta (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 4: 23. 1899 Tansy aster Dieteria pulverulenta Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 301. 1841 Native of the western states. Naturalized on the slopes of Cobb’s hill reservoir, Rochester, Bcckrmth (Bui. N. Y. State Mus. 150: 33. 1911; Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 96. 1917). 2 Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (H. B. K.) Nees, Gen. & Sp. Ast. 224. 1832 Tansy aster Aster tanacetifolia H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 95- 1820 Cobb’s hill reservoir, Rochester, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 96. 1917). Adventive from the Southwest. 714 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ERIGERON L. Sp. PI. 863. 1753 1 Erigeron hyssopifolius Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 123. 1803 Hyssop-leaved erigeron Aster graminifolius Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 545. 1814 On moist cliffs along the Ausable river, northern Essex county, Peck. 2 Erigeron pulchellus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 124. 1803 Robin’s or poor robin’s plantain E. bcllidifolius Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1958. 1804 In meadows, on hillsides and banks and sometimes in open moist woodlands, common across the State, but rare or lacking in the higher and northern Adirondacks. 3 Erigeron philadelphicus L. Sp. PI. 863. 1753 Philadelphia fleabane In fields and woods, common in most sections of the State, rare on the coastal plain. 4 Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. Syn. 2: 431. 1807 Sweet scabious, white top Aster animus L. Sp. PL 875. 1753 E. hctcrophylhnn Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1956. 1804 E. strigosum Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 302. 1824. Not Muhl. Stcnactis annua Nees, Gen. & Sp. Ast. 273. 1832 In fields and waste places, frequent or common throughout most sections of the State. 5 Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) B. S. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 27. 1888 Daisy fleabane Doronicum ramosum Walt. FI. Car. 205- 1788 E. strigosus Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1956. 1804 E. ambiguum Nutt. Gen. 2 : 147. 1818 E. nervosum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 534. Not Willd. E. intcgrifolium Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 302. 1824 In fields, woods and waste places, common in most sections of the' State. Var. discoideus (Robbins) B. S. P., with reduced rays, in southern New York. Var. septentrionalis Fernald & Wiegand, reported from northern and western New York. 6 Erigeron acris L. Sp. PI. 863. 1753 Blue or bitter fleabane Has been recorded as a waif in the vicinity of New York accord¬ ing to Taylor. Native of Europe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 7 1 5 LEPTILON Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2 : 268. 1818 Caenotus Raf. FI. Tellur. 2: 50. 1836 1 Leptilon canadense (L.) Britton; in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3: 391. 1898. Horseweed, fireweed, Canada fleabane Erigeron canadense L. Sp. PI. 863. 1753 Senecio ciliatus Walt. FI. Car. 208. 1788 In fields, open woods and waste places. Common and often a troublesome weed. Frequent but not so abundant in calcareous soils. 2 Leptilon pusillum (Nutt.) Britton, Torreya 14 : 19S. 1914 Erigeren pusillus Nutt. Gen. 2 : 148. 1818 In sandy soil on Long Island. Bayshore, Britton. Long Beach, Taylor. RACCHARIS L. Sp. PI. 860. 1753 Baccharis halimifolia L., l.c. Groundsel tree, groundsel bush Common throughout the salt-marshes along the coast and up the Hudson river to P'iermont, Rockland county, and near Ossining, Westchester county, Taylor. GIFOLA Cass. Bui. Soc. Philom. 1819: 143. 1819 Filago L. Gen. Ed. 5, 1758. Not Filago L., 1753 Gifola germanica (L.) Dumort. FI. Belg. 68. 1827 Cudweed, cotton rose, herb impius Gnaphalimn germanicum L. Sp. PI. 857. 1753 Filago germanica L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1311. 1763 In dry fields. A rather rare adventive in soudieastern New York. Native of Europe. PLUCHEA Cass. Bui. Soc. Philom. 1817: 31. 1817 Gymnostylis Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 268. 1818 Pluchea camphorata (I..) DC. Prodr. 5: 451. 1836 Spicy or salt-marsh fleabane Erigeron camphoratnm L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1212. 1763 Conyza marilandica Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 126. 1803 C. camphorata Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 299. 1824 P. marilandica DC., l.c. 452 In salt-marshes. Common along the coast of Long Island and Staten Island and up the Hudson river to Piermont, Rockland county, Taylor. Reported from the salt-marshes of Onondaga lake near Syracuse. 716 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ANTENNARIA Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 2: 410. pi. 167. 1791 1 Antennaria canadensis Greene, Pittonia 3: 275. 1898 Canadian cat’s-foot In dry or stony soil, sometimes in sandy meadows. Common or frequent across the State northward. Less common southward to Putnam and Delaware counties, and westward on the highlands of central and western New York to Lake Erie. Not reported from the southern tier of counties bordering on Pennsylvania. Var. Randii Fernald, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 28 : 246. 1898. Oneida county, J. V. Haberer, No. 3151 (1910). Var. Isabellina Greene, House in Bui. N. Y. State Mus. 233- 234: 14. 1922. Bracts and stems reddish, often the under sur¬ faces of the cauline leaves tinged with red ; basal leaves strongly apiculate ; the outer bracts of the inflorescence with broader, white petaloid tips which are more conspicuous than in the typical species. Frequent in Herkimer and Oneida counties. 2 Antennaria Parlinii Fernald, Gard. & For. 10: 284. 1897 Parlin’s cat’s-foot A. propinqua Greene, Pittonia 4: 83. 1899 A. plantaginifolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 173, 277, 278. 1898 A. arnoglossa Greene, Pittonia 3: 318. 1898 In rich soil, often in open woods. Infrequent or locally common from the west shore of Lake Champlain, and below 2000 feet in the Adirondacks, westward to St Lawrence county and Lake Erie, southward to Long Island. Crown Point, Peck. Frankfort hill, Graefenberg, Hackedam swamp and Litchfield, Herkimer county, Haberer 3229, 3229a, 3222, 2223, 3236. Oriskany creek, East Utica, Marcy, New Hart¬ ford, Paris hill, Sanquoit and Clayville, Oneida county, Haberer 2046, 2048, 2960, 3224, 3226, 3223, 3227, 3228. Peterboro, Madison county, Miller. Chittenango Falls, House 3512. Genesee county, Baxter 313. Nassau county, Klein. Valley Stream, R. M. Harper. Var. arnoglossa Fernald, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 28: 243. 1898, includes scarcely distinct forms which possess broader involu- cral bracts in the pistillate heads, with white petaloid tips, the outer ones mostly obtuse, the inner hardly attenuate, typically less glandular, but few specimens can be found which do not show some glandular hairs on the stem. 3 Antennaria occidentalis Greene, Pittonia 3 : 322. 1898 A. Farwellii Fernald in Rhodora 1: 152. 1899; Britton, Man ed. 3, 976. 1907. Not Greene In open woods and meadows. Infrequent from Essex and War¬ ren counties westward. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 717 Crown Point, Peck. Glens Falls, Burnham. Norwich Corners, Litchfield, Hackedam and Utica, Habcrcr, 3258, 3234, 3246, 3248. Willowvale, Paris, Washington Mills, Holman City and New Hart- fort, Oneida county, Haber er 3243, 3244, 3247, 324(4, 3231, 3238, 3235. East Rochester, Baxter, 319, 320. Perinton, Baxter, 336. Canton, Phelps. 4 Antennaria fallax Greene, Pittonia 3: 321. 1898 A. mcsochroa Greene, Pittonia 5: hi. igo3 Open woods and fields. Common across the middle of the State. Less frequent northward to Essex and St Lawrence counties, and southward to Ulster county and New York City. Rare on Long Island. Var. ambigens (Greene) Fernald, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 28: 244. 1898 (A. arnoglossa var. ambigens Greene, Pittonia 3: 320. 1898; A. ambigens Fernald, Rhodora 1: 150. 1899). Typical forms of this possess copious purple glandular hairs mixed with the white indument of the stems and leaves. Examination of a large series of specimens reveals but very few specimens in which at least a few purple glandular hairs cannot be found. Specimens occur with purplish bracts with copious glandular hairs (typical var. ambigens), and with few or no glandular hairs. 5 Antennaria Brainerdii Fernald, Rhodora 1 : 153. 1899 In rich meadows and open woods. Infrequent across the State northward and westward (at least to Onondaga county). Keene and Elizabethtown, Essex county. Peck. Rossie, St Law¬ rence county, Peck. Near Syracuse, F. C. Straub. 6 Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Rich. App. Frankl. Jour. ed. 2, 30. 1823 Plantain-leaf everlasting Gnaphalium plant aginifolium L. Sp. PI. 850. 1753 G. plantagineum L. Syst. ed. 12, 545. 1766 A. plantaginca R. Br. Trans. Linn. Soc. 12: 129. 1817 A. decipiens Greene, Pittonia 3: 278. 1898 A. plantaginea var. petiolata Fernald, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 28: 242. 1898 In dry woods and fields. Common across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks, southward to Long Island and Staten Island. 7 Antennaria petaloidea Fernald, Rhodora 1 : 73. 1899 A. neodioica var. petaloidea Fernald, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 28: 245. 1898 A. neglccta var. subcorymbosa Fernald, l.c., 246 A. campestris Fernald, l.c. 247 A. petaloidea var. scariosa Fernald, Rhodora 1: 73. 1899 A. alsinoides Greene, Pittonia 4: 83. 1899 718 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Fields, banks and open woods. Frequent across the State north¬ ward, south to Dutchess, Ulster, Tompkins and Wyoming counties, perhaps of wider distribution westward in the State. In central and western New York a form with broader leaves is abundant, the blades less distinctly petioled, the tips more rounded, rarely subacute. Var. noveboracensis Fernald, Rhodora 24: 296. 1922. Basal leaves oblanceolate or narrowly obovate, acute, 1.5-4 cm long, 0.5- 1. 2 cm broad; flowering stems 0.4-2. 3 dm high, regularly leafy ; corymbs rather crowded, the branches and pedicels short ; involucral bracts petaloid. Fernald cites specimens from D'ryden, Freeville, Upper Cascad’.lla creek, Caroline, Danby, Newfield and Mendon, and the variety appears to be not uncommon throughout central New York. On account of its narrow leaves and rather dense corymbs it is likely to be confused, according to Fernald, with undeveloped A. neglecta, but in that species the upper cauline leaves instead of having firm subulate-aristate tips, bear thin scarious though often involute appendages. 8 Antennaria neglecta Greene, Pittonia 3: 173. 1897 In fields, meadows and open woods. Common across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks. Very abundant in the Hudson valley and westward through the hilly middle portions of the State, to Lake Erie. A form with but one head to the inflorescence is A. neglecta simplex Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 67: 33. 1903). Q Antennaria grandis (Fernald) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 176: 32. 1915 A. ncodioica var. grandis Fernald, Rhodora 1: 73. 1899 In fields, meadows and open woods. Frequent across the State northward, but rare in the Adirondacks, southward to Dutchess, Ulster and Herkimer counties, westward. Port Henry, Peck. Pattons Mills, Warren county, Burnham. Sandlake, Rensselaer county; Saugerties, Ulster county; North Albany, Peck. ITopkinton, Canton, Stockholm, Norfold and Mammon, St Lawrence county, Mrs O. P. Phelps. North Hannibal, Oswego county, House. Peterboro, Madison county, Miller. Penfield and East Rochester, Monroe county, Baxter 321, 317, 31 1, 312. Fall Brook, Oneida county, Haberer 3111. New Hartfort, Clayville, Holman City, Paris, Oriskany, Whitesboro and Willowvale, Oneida county, Haberer 3122, 3130, 3131, 3371’ 32&°> 3123, 3117, 2033, 2970, 3122. Frankfort, Herkimer county, Haberer 3169, 3107, 3108. Litchfield, Haberer 1715. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 719 10 Antennaria oneidica Greene, Leaflets 2: 149. 1911 Whitestown, Oneida county, Habcrcr 2600, June 4, 1904. Type presumably in the Greene herbarium. Duplicates in the State Museum and the U. S. National Herbarium. 11 Antennaria neodioica Greene, Pittonia 3: 1S4. 1897 A. neodioica var. attenuate Fernald, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 28: 245. 1897 In open woods, fields and pastures. Common across the State outside of the Adirondack region, southward to Staten Island and Long Island. Albany and Menands, Peck. Westport, Essex county, Peck. East Herkimer, Graefenberg hill, Herkimer county, Haberer 1861, 3101, 3119. Deerfield, New Hartfort, Paris, Oriskany, Washington Mills, East Utica, south of Utica, Whitestown, Oneida county, Haberer 2017, 3120, 3123, 3369, 2831, 3129, 2037, 2027, 2026. Queens county, R. M. Harper. Ithaca, Wiegand. Saugerties, Lflster county, Peck. Central Park, Nassau county, E. N . E. Klein. Hicksville, Klein. Perinton and Greece, Monroe county, Baxter 328, 332, 333. 337, 309, 314. Var. chlorophylla Fernald, Rhodora 24 : 296. 1922 Differs from the typical form of the species in having basal leaves narrowly obovate or spatulate-oblanceolate, glabrous, green and shining above. Fernald cites the following New York collections: West Canada creek, Haberer 3079; Hidden lake, Haberer 1717; Cedar lake, Habcrcr 1718 ; and Deerfield, Habcrcr 2014 in part. These localities are all in Herkimer and Oneida counties. ANAPHALIS DC. Prodr. 6: 271. 1837 Anaphalis Margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. 2: 303. 1873 Pearly or large-flowered everlasting Gnaphalium Maryaritaccum L. Sp. PI. 850. 1753 Antennaria Margartacca Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 329. 1833 In dry soil, sometimes in open woods. Common throughout most sections of the State, outside of the higher Adirondacks. GNAPHALIUM L. Sp. PI. 850. 1753 1 Gnaphalium obtusifolium L., l.c. 851 Sweet or white balsam, sweet or fragrant life everlas'ing G. polyccphalum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 127. 1803 In dry or moist soil, chiefly in open places, sometimes in woods. Frequent or common in most sections of the State, often appearing as a weed. 720 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Var. micradenium Weatherby, Rhodora 25: 22. 1923 G. Hcllcri Britton of New York reports Stems glandular-puberulent, not tomentose ; leaves linear, acute 01 obtusish, 1. 8-5. 3 cm long, 1.5-7 mm wide, the lower surface tomen¬ tose, the upper glandular ; scales of involucre mostly acute. In fields and woods. Locally common in central and western New York, the lower Hudson valley and at Ronkonkoma, Long Island, Ferguson (Torreyo 22: 49. 1922). 2 Gnaphalium Macounii Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 278. 1902 Clammy everlasting, winged cudweed G. dccurrens Ives, Am. Jour. Sci. 1: 380. pi. 1. 1819. Not L. In open, moist or dry places. Frequent or local across the State, outs'de of the higher mountains. Unknown on Long Island and Staten Island; rare in Westchester county, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 620. 1915). Frequent in Monroe county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 75. 1896). Otisco, Onondaga county, Goodrich. New London, Oneida county; Fourth lake, Herkimer county, House. Round Lake, Saratoga county. Peck. Oswego, Sheldon. Dekalb, Phelps. 3 Gnaphalium uliginosum L., l.c. 856 Low or marsh cudweed In damp soil, often appearing as a weed. Frequent or common across the State, but not reported from the higher or northern Adirondack region. 4 Gnaphalium purpureum L., l.c. 854 Purplish cudweed In dry or sandy soil. Infrequent or local in distribution and chiefly in the southeastern part of the State, northward to Albany countv and westward to Ontario county, Baxter. INULA L. Sp. PL 881. 1753 Helen ium (L. 1735), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 342. 1891 Inula Helenium L., l.c. Elecampane, horseheal Helenium officinale Kuntze, l.c. Along roadsides and in fields and thickets. Frequent in many sections of the State, especially southward. Naturalized from Europe. OSTEOSPERMUM L. Sp. PI. 923. 1753 Section Polymniastrum A 1 y m n i a Neck. Elem. 1 : 31. 1790 Polymniastrum Lam. Illus. t. 712. 1798; 3 : 287. 1823 Polymnia, Sect. Alymnia & Sect. Uvedalia DC. Prodr. 5: 5.14 1826 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 721 1 Osteospermum Uvedalia L., l.c. Yellow or large-flowered leafcup Polymnia Uvedalia L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1303. 1762 Polymniastrum Uvedalia Small & Carter. FI. Lane. Co. 302. 1913 In rich woods, usually in shaded or rocky ravines. Uncommon, local or rare from central New York westward. Deep ravine of Chittenago creek ; borders of Seneca lake, Sart- wcll (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 95. 1865). Jamesville, House. Indian Reservation, Onondaga county, Goodrich (FI. Onondaga Co. 187. 1912). Ravine near Canandaigua lake, E. J. Durand (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 75. 1896). Section Eupolymnia Polymnia L. Sp. PI. 926. 1753 Polymnia, Sect. Eupolymnia A. Gray, Syn. FI. 1: 238. 1884 2 Osteospermum canadense (L.) House,* N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 63. 1923 Small-flowered leafcup Polymnia canadensis L., l.c. In damp, rich shaded places. Locally common from Herkimer, Otsego and Broome counties westward. Reported eastward to Vermont. Chemung Narrows, Lucy (Torr. Club Bui. 10: 9. 1883). South mountain, Broome county, Millspaugh; Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 59. 1898). Common in Madison and Onondaga counties, House. Northern Otsego county, House. Henrietta, LeRoy and Bergen swamp, and “ The Gulf,” Genesee county, (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 75. 1896; 5: 97. 1917). Caledonia, Beckwith. ACANTHOSPERMUM Schrank, PI. Rar. Hort. Monac. pi. 53. 1819 Acanthospermum humile (Sw.) DC. Prodr. 5: 522. 1836 Reported as occurring on ballast at Gowanus, Long Island, Hidst (Jelliffee, in Torreya 4: 100. 1904). Adventive from the tropics. SILPHIUM L. Sp. PI. 919. 1753 1 Silphium perfoliatum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1301. 1763 Cup plant, Indian cup S', connatum L. Mant. 2 : 574. 1771 In moist soil. Naturalized near New York City from the west or south. ‘Osteospermum Uvedalia L., is quite obviously the type of Osteospermum, both in the treatment by Linnaceus and by Miller (Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754). The Old World species heretofore left in Osteo- s per mum should be placed either in Gib r aria Cass. (1817), or in Monilifera Adans. (1763). 722 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Silphium trifoliatum L. Sp. PI. 920. 1753 Whorled rosinweed In woods and thickets. Native chiefly west of our borders. Reported as occurring at Niagara Falls, Eddy (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 373. 1843), but not recently collected. HELIOPSIS Pers. Syn. 2: 473. 1807 1 Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 487. 1827 Ox-eye, false sunflower Buphthalmum helianthoides L. Sp. PI. 904. 1753 Heliopsis laevis Pers., l.c. ? Silphium helianthoides & S. solidaginoideds L., l.c. 920 In open places, central and western New York and southern and southeastern New York, infrequent or locally common. Rare and local on Long Island and Staten Island, increasing northward, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 622. 1915). Onondaga county Goodrich (FI. Onondaga Co. 187. 1912). Common (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3 : 76. 1896. 2 Heliopsis scabra Dunal, Mem. Mus. Paris 5: 56. pi. 4. 1819 Rough ox-eye H. laevis var. scabra T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 303. 1842 Usually in dry soil, infrequent across the State, chiefly south of the Adirondacks. Staten Island, Long Island, Bronx and Westchester counties, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 622. 1915). East Syracuse, Goodrich (FI. Onondaga Co. 187. 1912). Canandaigua, Gardner (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 97. 1917). Rare (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 76. 1896). Island in Chemung river, Lucy (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 60. 1898). Newcomb, Essex county, House. Fine, St Lawrence county, Phelps. VERBESINA L. Sp. PI. 901. 1753 Verbesina alba L. Sp. PI. 902. 1753 Yerba de tajo Eclipta erecta L. Mant. 2: 286. 1771 E. procumbcns Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 129. 1803 E. alba Hassk. PI. Tav. Rar. 528. 1848 Along streams and in waste places, vicinity of New York City. Naturalized from the South. RUDBECKIA L. Sp. PI. 906. 1753 1 Rudbeckia triloba L. Sp. PI. 907. 1753 Thin-leaved coneflower In moist soil, Rensselaer, Greene, Dutchess, and Ulster counties southward. Infrequent northward, increasingly common southward. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 723 East Schodack, Rensselaer county and in Ulster county, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54: 958. 1902). Fishkill, Dutchess county, Peck (33d Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 17. 1880). West Hurley, Ulster county, Peck. High Falls, Greene county; Coeymans Hollow, Albany county, House. Rare on Long Island and Staten Island, and probably adventive, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 623. 1915). 2 Rudbeckia hirta L. Sp. PI. 907. 1753 Black-eyed Susan, yellow daisy In fields, meadows and open woods. Common throughout most sections of the State. Naturalized from the West. At the time of Torrey’s Flora (1843), apparently rare, as Buffalo (Sartwcll) , was the only locality given. Several forms or races have been described which differ in pubescence and in the length and color of the rays. Forms with part or all of the rays tubular are occasionally found. What is considered the typical form of R . hi rt a , is redescribed by T. V. Moore (Pittonia 4: 174. 1900), and a description is given of Rudbeckia longipes, a new species, from Taberg, N. Y. ( George G. Grower ), which is said to differ from R. hirta by having longer petioles to the root leaves, longer and narrower in- volucral bracts and rays and by its more slender and simpler ha i . 3 Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 251. 1789 Orange or brillian coneflower R. spathulata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 144. 1803 From Pennsylvania and New Jersey southward ar.d westward. Reported from near Binghamton, Broome county, by Millspaugli (Torr. Club Bui. 12: 101. 1885). 4 Rudbeckia laciniata L. Sp. PI. 906. 1753 Tall or green-headed coneflower In moist thickets, often along streams, common or frequent in most sections of the State, but not reported from the higher eleva¬ tions of the Adirondacks nor from the coastal plain of Long Island. 5 Rudbeckia speciosa Wenderoth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Marb. 1828 Showy coneflower In moist soil, New Jersey westward and southward. Reported from Staten Island as an adventive. 724 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM RATIBIDA Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 268. 1818 Lepachys Raf. Jour. Phys. 89: 100. 1819 Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart, Torr. Club Bui. 24: 410. 1897 Gray-headed coneflower Rudbeckia pinnata Vent. Hort. Cels. pi. 71. 1800 Lepachys pinnata T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 314. 1842 L. pinnatifida and angustifolia Raf. Jour. Phys. 89: 100. 1819 Rudbeckia digitata Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2247. 1804 On dry prairies, western New York, westward. Rare. Shore of Lake Erie, Scftzoell (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 381. 1843). ECHINACEA Moench, Meth. 591. 1794 Brauneria Neck. Elem. 1: 17. Hyponym. 1790 1 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, i.c. Purpie coneflower Rudbeckia purpurea L. Sp. PI. 907. 1753 Brauneria purpurea Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 334. 1894 Native from Pennsylvania to Alabama and westward. Sparingly adventive in New York, or escaped from cultivation. Near St Johnsville, I. H. Hall (Torr. Club Bui. 1: 27. 1870). Onondaga county, Goodrich. Albany, L. C. Beck. 2 Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Britton, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 333. 1894 Pale purple coneflower Rudbeckia pallida Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7: 77. 1834 Along railroad at Adam’s Basin, Monroe county, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3 : 76. 1896, as E. angustifolia). Adven¬ tive from the west. HELIANTHUS (Vaill.) L. Sp. PI. 904. 1753 1 Helianthus annuus L. Sp. PI. 904. 1753 Common sunflower H. lenticularis Dougl., Bot. Reg. pi. 1265. 1829 In waste places and along railroads, etc., escaped from cultivation. Native of the western states. 2 Helianthus petiolaris Nuitt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 2: 115. 1821 Prairie sunflower In waste places and along railroads, western New York. Infre¬ quent. Naturalized from the western states. Rochester, Baxter; railroad at East Rochester, Baxter; Cobb’s Hill, Beckwith; The Gulf ; Pittsford and Gates, Fuller and Booth (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 21, 97. 1910-17). Staten Island, Hollick (Torreya 22: 3. 1922). ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 725 3 Helianthus angustifolius L. Sp. PI. 906. 1753 Narrow-leaved or swamp sunflower In swamps and marshes along the south side of Long Island. Common. Less frequent on Staten Island and rare on the north side of Long Island. 4 Helianthus orgyalis DC. Prodr. 5: 586. 1836 Linear-leaved sunflower Native of the region from Missouri and Nebraska southward and westward. Established at Riverdale, Bronx county, W . P. Jervis. 5 Helianthus subrhomboideus Rydb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. Mem. 1 : 419. 1900 Rhombic-leaved sunflower Native of the western states. Reported as adventive from New Jersey to New Hampshire. Pittsford, Monroe county. Booth & Fuller, 1896 (Proc. Rochester Acad. Sci. 5: 21. 1910, as H. scaberrimus) . More recently col¬ lected by Baxter. 6 Helianthus giganteus L. Sp. PI. 905. 1753 Tall or wild sunflower In swamps and wet meadows. Common in southeastern New York. Infrequent, rare or local northward to Essex countv and westward to Lake Erie. Var. ambiguus T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 325. 1842 (H. ambiguus Britton, Man. 993. 1901), differs chiefly from H. giganteus, in having all but the uppermost leaves opposite and rounded at the base. It occurs on Long Island, and appears to be a hybrid between H. giganteus and H. divaricatus. 7 Helianthus Maximiliani Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Goett. 1835 Maximilian’s sunflower Native of , the western states. Locally adventive or naturalized eastward. Pittsford, Booth; Gates, Fuller (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 21. 1910). Madrid, St Lawrence county, Phelps. Rare near New York, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 625. 1915). 3 Helianthus Dalyi Britton, Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 89. 1901 Judge Daly’s sunflower On a dry bank near Sag Harbor, Long Island. 9 Helianthus grosse-serratus Martens, Sel. Sem. Hort. Loven. 1839 Saw-tooth sunflower In dry soil on Long Island and Staten Island. Locally adventive northward to Glens Falls, Burnham (54th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 143. 1903). Wilton, Saratoga county, Mrs O. P. Phelps 726 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 10 Helianthus divaricatus L. Sp, PI 906. 1753 Rough or woodland sunflower In dry woodlands and in thickets and on banks. Common in most sections of the State except the higher Adirondacks. 11 Helianthus mollis Lam. Encycl. 3: 85. 1789 Hairy wild sunflower In dry soil in southern New York. Rare. Adventive from the south or west. Recently reported from both Staten Island and Long Island, Hollick (Torreya 22: 2. 1922). 12 Helianthus decapetalus L. Sp. PI. 905. 1753 Thin-leaved wild sunflower In moist woods and along streams. Frequent across the State outside of the Adirondacks and not reported from the coastal plain of Long Island. Var. scrophulariaefolius (Britton) House, N. Y. State Mu*. Bui. 243-244 : 70. 1923, is described from Woodlawn, New York City 13 Helianthus hirsutus Raf. Ann. Nat. 14. 1820 Native from Pennsylvania and Ohio, westward and southward, is reported as adventive on Staten Island, Hollick (Torreya 22: 3. 1922). 14 Helianthus trachelifolius Mill. Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, No. 7. 1768 Throatwort sunflower Native from Pennsylvania southward and westward. A rare ad¬ ventive in southeastern and southern New York. 15 Helianthus strumosus L. Sp. PI. 905. 1753 Pale-leaved wood sunflower H . macrophyllus Willd. Hort. Berol. pi. 70. 1806 In dry soil and on banks. Frequent or common along streams across the State outside of the higher Adirondacks. Hybridizes with H. decapetalus. Var. tomentulosus House, nom. nov. ( H . mollis Willd. Sp. FI. 3: 2240. 1804. Not Lam., H. strumosus var. mollis T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2. 327. 1841), with leaves canescently tomentulose beneath, is rare eastward, but occurs sparingly in western New York. 16 Helianthus tuberosus L. Sp. PI. 905. 753 Jerusalem artichoke, earth apple Common in cultivation, and infrequent or local as a wild species across the State south of the Adirondack region, and perhaps native only in the western part of the State. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 727 GYMNOLOMIA H.B.K. Gen. & Sp. 4 : 217. 1820 Gymnolomia multiflora (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook. ; Hemsl. Biol. Cent. Am. Bot. 2 : 62. 1882 Heliomeris multiflora Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 171. 1847 Native of the western states. Adventive and established at Cobb’s bill reservoir, Rochester, Beckwith (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 97. 1917 — Bui. N. Y. State Mus. 157 : 2 7. 1912). RIDANXA Adams. Fam. PI. 2: 130. 1763 (as Ridan) Actinomeris Nutt. Gen. 2: 181. 1818 Ridania alternifolia (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 360. 1891 ; Brit¬ ton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 3: 487. 1913, (as Ridan) Wingstem, yellow ironweed Coreopsis altcrnifolius L. Sp. PI. 909. 1753 Actinomeris squarrosa Nutt., l.c. A. alternifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 575. 1836 V erbesina alternifolia Britton; Kearney, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 485. 1893 V. Coreopsis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 134. 1803 In rich soil or moist places. Rare in central and western New York. Belle Isle, Onondaga county, Goodrich (FI. Onondaga Co. 188. 1912). Western New York (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 384. 1843). Borders of Crooked lake, Yates county, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 96. 1865). COREOPSIS L. Sp. PI. 907. 1753 1 Coreopsis rosea Nutt. Gen. 2: 179. 1818 Small rose or pink tickseed Calliopsis rosea Spreng. Syst. 3; 61 1. 1826 In open swamps and their borders. Frequent on eastern Long Island. Rare westward into Nassau county. Not reported from Staten Island. 2 Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 2; 114. 1821 Golden or garden tickweed In moist soil. Escaped from gardens to roadsides in several localities. Native of the western states. 3 Coreopsis lanceolata L. Sp. PI. 908. 1753 Lance-leaved tickseed In dry or moist soil. Adventive or escaped from cultivation in a few localities in southern New York. Native from Ontario west¬ ward and southward. 728 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM BIDENS L. Sp. PI. 831. 1753 1 Bidens leavis (L.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 29. 1888 Larger or smooth bur marigold Helianthus lacvis L. Sp. PI. 906. 1753 Bidens chrysanthnnoides Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 136. 1803 B. lugens Greene, Pittonia 4: 254. 1901 In swamps and wet meadows. Infrequent or rare across the State south of the Adirondack region. More common southward, especially near the coast. 2 Bidens cernua L., l.c. 832 Smaller or nodding bur marigold Coreopsis Bidens L., Sp. PI. 908. 1753 B. gracilenta Greene, Pittonia 4: 255. 1901 B. prionophylla Greene, l.c. 256 In wet soil, especially in swamps, marshes, along streams and shores of ponds and lakes. Very common northward across the State. Less frequent southward especially on Long Island. 3 Bidens connata Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1718. 1804 Purple-stemmed swamp beggarticks At least the primary leaves 3-lobed, the two lateral oblong lobes broad based and conspicuously decurrent to the broadly margined petiole ; the uppermost and rameal leaves usually unlobed, subsessile or with short margined petioles (Fernald Rhodora 10: 200. 1908). Not uncommon in the Hudson valley and southeastern New York. Rare westward and northward. Var. petiolata (Nutt.) Farwell, Am. Rep’t Comm. Parks & Boulv. Detroit 11: 91. 1900 B. petiolata Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7: 99. 1834 All or nearly all of the leaves unlobed, tapering to slender or narrowly margined petioles. The common form in nearly all swamps and wet places through¬ out New York State except the higher Adirondacks. A form corresponding very closely to var. gracilipes Fernald, occurs in marshes along the east end of Lake Ontario. 4 Bidens comosa (Gray) Wiegand, Torr. Club Bui. 24: 436. 1897 Leafy-bracted tickseed B. connata var. comosa A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 261. 1867 B. riparia Greene, Pittonia 4: 261. 1901 B. acuta (Wiegand) Britton, Man. 1001. 1901 On sandy shores and in rich or moist soil. Frequent across the State southward. Rare northward and westward in the State where the range is somewhat uncertain. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 729 5 Bidens discoidea (T. & G.) Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 281. 1893 Small beggarticks Coreopsis discoidea T. & G., FI. N. Am. 2: 339. 1842 In swamps and wet places. Infrequent or rare across the State south of the Adirondacks. Long Island, Staten Island and in the Bronx, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 628. 1915). Near Oswego, Wibbc (34th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 41. 1881 ; Torr. Club Bui. 10: 46. 1883). Shore of Dryden lake, Dudley (36th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 38. 1884). Oneida lake shore, Goodrich (FI. Onondaga Co. 189. 1912). Sandbar and Lake Ontario shore, Irondequoit, F idler (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 77. 1896). 6 Bidens frondosa L. Sp. PI. 832. 1753 Common beggarticks or sticktights B. tnelanocarpa Wiegand, Torr. Club Bui. 26: 405. 1899 In moist soil. Common throughout the State, often as a weed in fields and waste places. 7 Bidens vulgata Greene, Pittonia 4: 72. 1899 Tall beggarticks In moist soil. Infrequent or rare throughout most sections of the State. 8 Bidens bipinnata L. Sp. PI. 832. 1753 Spanish needles, cuckolds Locally abundant or common as a weed in various situations across the State south of the Adirondacks. 9 Bidens trichosperma (Michx.) Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 281. 1893 Tall tickseed sunflower Coreopsis trichosperma Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 139. 1803 In swamps and wet meadows. Uncommon in the southeastern part of the State, and not reported from west of the Hudson valley. Near Albany, House, where perhaps adventive from the South. Var. tenuiloba (Gray) Britton, l.c. C. trichosperma var. tenuiloba A. Gray, Syn. FI. 1: 295. 1884 In wet meadows and borders of swamps. Frequent on Long Island and Staten Island. 10 Bidens tenuisecta A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 86. 1849 Fields near Rochester, Beckwith (N. Y. State Mus. Buk 139: 19. 1910). Adventive from the west. 730 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM MEGALODONTA Greene, Pittonia 4: 270. 1901 Megalodonta Beckii (Torr.) Greene, l.c. Water marigold Bidens Beckii Torr.; Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2: 135. 1821 M. nudata Greene, l.c. In ponds and slow streams. Local or rare but widely distributed across the State, from Saratoga and Schenectady counties westward. Sander’s lake, Schenectady, where first discovered by Beck, Pears- son; Canaderaga lake, Miss S. Cooper; outlet of Schuyler lake, Gray; southern part of Oneida county, Crawe, Kneiskern; ponds near Augusta, J. S. Douglass; Oswego Falls, Aiken; Sodus Bay, Eaton (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 96. 1865). Outlet of Owasco lake, Cayuga county. Hall (Paine, l.c. 187). Schenectady, Beck (Beck Herbarium) ; Wright & Hall (Cat. PI. Troy, 8. 1836). Tully, Onondaga county, Goodrich (FI. Onondaga Co. 189. 1912). Sodus Bay, Fish (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 77. 1896). Paddy lake, Oswego county, Wihbe (Torr. Club Bui. 10: 46. 1883). Sara¬ toga lake, Allen (Torr. Club Bui. 21: 497. 1894). Black creek, Bergen, Genesee county. Peck. Little York lake, Cortland county, Dudley. Honeoye lake, Ontario county, Baxter. GALINSOGA Cav. Icon. 3: 41. 1794 Adventina Raf. New FI. N. Am. 1: 67. 1836 Galinsoga parviflora Cav., l.c. pi. 281 Galinsoga A. parviflora Raf., l.c. In dooryards and waste places. Common throughout most sec¬ tions of the State outside of the higher Adirondacks. Naturalized from warmer portions of America, and reported at Tarrytown in 1882 by E. C. Howe (Torr. Club Bui. 9: 35), although apparently introduced prior to 1836, when described by Rafinesque. 2 Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake, Rhodora 24: 35. 1922 Adventina ciliata Raf., l.c. 67 G. parviflora var. hispida DC. Prodr. 5: 677. 1836. Not G. hispida Benth. 1844 G. aristulata Bicknell, Torr. Club Bui. 43: 270. 1916 Frequent in many localities especially in the southern part of the State, and like the preceding, naturalized from the South. HELENIUM L. Sp. PI. 886. 1753 Helenia L. Gen. PI. ed. 5, 377. 1754 Leptophora Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 4: 195. 1819 Heleniastrum (Vaill.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 341. 1891 I Helenium latifolium Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 2. 1768 H. canalicidatiim Lam. Jour. Hist. Nat. 2: 213. 1792 H. pumilum Willd. Enum. Suppl. 60. 1813 Helenia decurrens Moench, Meth. 589. 1794 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 73 1 Heads solitary on slender peduncles, sometimes more than one ; bracts linear-lanceolate, 10-15 mm long; pistillate ray-flowers (ligules) 18-25 mm long, deeply 3-4 lobed at the broadened apex; disk globose, 18-22 mm in diameter and the glandular-granuliferous corollas about 4 mm long; leaves 5-15 cm long, the larger cauline ones often half as broad as long, the expanded heads often 5-6 cm broad. Thickets along the shore of Oneida lake at Sylvan Beach, Oneida county, House. Rydberg in the North American Flora (34: 127. 1915) has used this name of Miller’s, which was based upon cultivated material, to include nearly all of the broad-leaved forms, some of which apparently belong in H . autumn- ale. The name is used here in a restricted sense to include only the large flowered species, common at Oneida lake. 2 Helenium autumnale L. Sp. PI. 886. 1753 Narrow-leaved false or swamp sunflower H. longifolium Smith, in Rees Cycl. 17: no. 2. 1811 Hcleniastrum autumnale Kuntze, l.c. 342 In wet meadows, swamps and along streams and borders of ponds and lakes. Common across the State northward, and occasional southward to Long Island and Staten Island. 3 Helenium nudiflorum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 384. 1 84 1 Purple-headed sneezeweed ? H. flexuosum & H. dichotomum Raf. New FI. 4: 81. 1838 Lcptopoda brachypoda T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 388. 1842 H. brachypcda Wood, Bot. & FI. 182. 1870 Hcleniastrum nudiflorum Kuntze, l.c. Native of the western and southern states. Reported as a rare adventive in southeastern New York. Also reported from Onondaga county (probably erroneously so). 4 Helenium tenuifolium Nutt. Jour. Phila. Acad. 7: 66. 1834 Fine-leaved sneezeweed Native of the southern states. Reported as a rare adventive in southeastern New York. CALENDULA L. Sp. PI. 921. 1753 Caltha Tourn. ; Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 126. 1763. Not L. 1753 Calendula officinalis L., l.c. Pot marigold Reported as established at Newark, Wayne county, E. L. Hanken- son (22 d Rep’t State Mus. p. 53. 1869). Reported as a waif of an escape from other localities. Probably not persistent. Native of Europe. 732 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM TAGETES L. Sp. PI. 887. 1753 Tagetes erecta L., l.c. Marigold Native of Africa and rare as a garden escape or rarely established. Waste ground near Rockville Center, Long Island, House (State Mus. Bui. 188: 62. 1916). CHAENACTIS DC. Prodr. 5: 659. 1836 Chaenactis stevioides Hook. & Arn. Bat. Beech. Voy. 353. 1838 Native of the western states. Adventive at Rochester, Beckwith (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 139: 20. 1910). GAILLARDIA Foug. Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris 1786: 5. pi. 1, 2. 1788 Gaillardia aristata Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 573. 1814 Great flowering gaillardia Escaped from cultivation and rarely adventive or naturalized. Native of the western plains and prairies. BOEBERA Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2125. 1804 Boebera papposa (Vent.) Rydb. ; Britton, Man. 1012. 1901 Fetid marigold, false dog fennel Tagetes papposa Vent. Hort. Cels. pi. 36. 1800 Boebera chrysanthemoidcs Willd., l.c. Drysodia chrysanthemoides Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 29. 1816 D. papposa Hitchc. Ttans. St. Louis Acad. 5: 503. 1891 On the slope of Cobb’s Hill reservoir, Rochester, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 97. 1917. Adventive from the western states. ACHILLEA ( Vaill.) L. Sp. PI. 898. 1753 Millefolium (Tourn.) Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 128. 1763 1 Achillea occidentalis Raf. ; (DC. Prodr. 6: 24, as synonym. 1837) Rydb. Torr. Club Bui. 37: 456. 1910 Western yarrow A. setacea Schw. in Keating, Narr. Long Exp. 2: 396. 1824. Not Waldst. & Kit. 1802 A. Millefolium occidentalis DC., l.c. In open woods. Rare across the State eastward, and largely ad¬ ventive from the West. Apparently native in western New York from Oswego (Sheldon), westward. 2 Achillea lanulosa Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7: 36. 1834 Woolly yarrow A. tomentosa Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 563. 1814. Not L. 1753 A. Millefolium lanulosa Piper, Mazama 2: 97. 1901 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 733 In fields and waste places. A rare adventive from the middle and western states. Rochester (Baxter), and perhaps elsewhere. 3 Achillea asplenifolia Vent. Descr. PI. Cels. pi. 95. 1803. A. rosea Desf. Tabl. 105. 1804 A. Millefolium asplenifolia Farwell, Asa Gray Bui. 3: 21. 1895 Occasional as an escape from cultivation. 4 Achillea Millefolium L. l.c. 899 Common yarrow or milfoil Common, chiefly as a weed in waste places. Chiefly naturalized from Europe or from the South, and perhaps in part native in the southern part of the State. Paine (Cat. 96) speaks of the abundance of this species at Little Falls and along the cliffs of Fish Creek where it abounds over the precipices from clefts of rocks, on moist soil of ledges and near dripping water or falling streams ; far up the creek, for miles, through the woods, above any means of introduction. From this it may be concluded that the species is possibly native throughout the northern part of the State, where it is quite common. 5 Achillea ligustica All. FI. Ped. 1: 181. 1785 In cultivated ground near Tannersville, Greene county, adventive from southern Europe. Also at Onteora (Vail). 6 Achillea dentifera DC. FI. Fr. 6: 485. 1815 A rare adventive in southern New York. Native of the Alps of Europe. 7 Achillea Ptarmica L., l.c. 898 Sneezeweed, white tansy In moist soil. Local in a few sections of the State. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. Near Gloversville, C. P. Alexander (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167: 23. 1913). ANTHEMIS (Micheli) L. Sp. PI. 893. 1753 Chamaemelum (Tourn.) Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 128. 1763 Maruta Cass. Bui. Soc. Philom. 1818: 167. 1818 1 Anthemis Cotula L., l.c. 894 Mayweed, dog’s or fetid camomile, dillweed A. foetida Lam. FI. Fr. 2: 164. 1778 Maruta Cotula DC. Prodr. 6: 13. 1837 Matricaria Cotula Baillon, Hist. PI. 8: 310. 1882. Chamaemelum Cotida All. FI. Pedem. 1: 186. 1785 In fields, waste places and along roadsides and railroads. Common in most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 734 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 2 Anthemis arvensis L., l.c. Corn or field camomile Chamaemelum arvense Schreb. Spicil. FI. Lips. 18. 1771 Matricaria arvensis Baillon, l.c. In fields and waste places. Infrequent or locally abundant. Ad- ventive or naturalized from Europe. 3 Anthemis nobilis L., l.c. Garden, Scotch, white or low camomile A. odorata Lam. FI. Fr. 2: 163. 1778 Chamaemelum nobile All., l.c. 185. Matricaria nobilis Baillon, l.c. Sparingly escaped from gardens in southern New York. Native of Europe. 4 Anthemis tinctoria L., l.c. 896 Yellow or ox-eye camomile Cota tinctoria J. Gay; Guss. FI. Sic. Syn. 2: 866. 1844 Chamaemelum tinctorium Schreb. l.c. 145 In fields and waste places. Infrequent, local or rare, chiefly as an escape from cultivation. Native of the Old World. CHRYSANTHEMUM L. Sp. PI. 887. 1753 Section Coronaria 1 Chrysanthemum segetum L., l.c. 889 Yellow ox-eye, corn marigold Matricaria segetum Schrank, Baier. FI. 2: 406. 1789 Pyrethrum segetum Moench, Meth. 597. 1794 In waste ground and on ballast. Infrequent or rare. Adventive from Europe. Niskayuna, Schenectady county, IVibbe (46th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 21. 1893). 2 Chrysanthemum Coronarium L., l.c. 890 Matricaria Coronaria Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 3: 737. 1791 A rare escape from cultivation, and rarely on ballast near New York City. Native of the Mediterranean region. Section Leucanthemum (Tourn.) Le u can them um Mill. Gard. Diet. abr. ed. 4. 1754 3 Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum L., l.c. 888 White, field or ox-eye daisy, whiteweed C. vulgare Lam. FI. Fr. 2: 137. 1778 Matricaria Leucanthemum Scop. FI. Cam. Ed. 2, 2: 147. 1772 L. Leucanthemum Rydb. N. Am. FI. 34: 235. 1916 In fields, meadows and pastures as well as in waste places. Com¬ mon nearly everywhere. Naturalized from Europe. The var. pinnatifidum Lecoq. & Lamotte, Cat. FI. Vase. Fr. 227. 1848, is locally frequent in some sections of the State. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 735 Section Balsamita (Desf.) Balsamita Desf. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 1. 1792 4 Chrysanthemum Balsamita L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1252. 1763 Costmary, mint geranium Tanacetum Balsamita L. Sp. PI. 845. 1753 Balsamita major Desf., l.c. 3 B. vulgaris Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1802. 1804 B. suaveolens Pers. Syn. 2: 408. 1807 Pyrethnim Tanacetum DC. Prodr. 6: 63. 1837 Balsamita Balsamita Rydb., l.c. 238 Sparingly escaped from gardens in some localities. Native of Europe. Section Matricaria (Tourn.) Matricaria L. Sp. PI. 891. 1753 Pyrethrum (Hall.) Zinn, Cat. PI. Goett. 414. 1757 5 Chrysanthemum Parthenium (L.) Bernh. Syst. Verg. Erfurt. 145. 1800 Common feverfew, featherfew Matricaria Parthenium L., Sp. PI. 890. 1753 M. odorata Lam. FI. Fr. 2: 135. 1778 P. Parthemium Smith, FI. Brit. goo. 1800 M. vulgaris S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 454. 1821 Tn waste places, especially about the larger cities and towns. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. CHAMOMILLA (Hall.) Gilib. Exerc. Phyt. 178. 1792 Matricaria L. Sp. PI. 891, in part. 1753 Chamaemelum Vis. Osserv. Matric. 12. 1845 t Chamomilla inodora (L.) Gilib., l.c. 179 Scentless camomile, corn mayweed Matricaria inodora L. FI. Suec. ed. 2, 297. 1755 Chrysanthemum inodorum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1253. 1763 Pyrethrum inodorum Moench, Meth. 597. 1794 Chamaemelum inodorum Vis., l.c. 13 In fields and waste places. Infrequent or rare. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. 2 Chamomilla maritima (L.) Rydberg, N. Am. FI. 34: 230. 1916 Matricaria maritima L. Sp. PI. 801. 1753 Pyrethrum maritimum Smith, FI. Brit. 901. 1800 On ballast, near New York City. Adventive from Europe. 3 Chamomilla Chamomilla (L.) Rydberg, l.c. 231 Wild or German chamomile Matricaria Chamomilla L. Sp. PI. 891. 175.3 M. suaveolens L. FI. Suec. ed. 2, 297. 1755 Leucanthemum Chamaemelum Lam. FI. Fr. 2: 139. 1778 Chamomilla vulgaris S. F. Gray, l.c. 454 736 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In waste places and on ballast. Uncommon or rare in south¬ eastern New York. Adventive or fugitive from Europe. 4 Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Rydberg, l.c. 232 Rayless camomile, wild marigold Santolina suaveolens Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 520. 1814. Not Matricaria suave¬ olens L., 1755 Artemisia matricarioidcs Less. Linnaea 6: 210. 1831 Tanacetum suaveolens Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 327. 1833 Lepidanihns suaveolens Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 397. 1841 Matricaria matricarioidcs Porter, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 341. 1894 In waste places, on ballast and along railroads. An infrequent or local adventive from the Pacific coast. Lansingburg, Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 67: 19. 1903). Lisbon, Phelps. TANACETUM (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 843. 1753 Tanacetum vulgare L., l.c. 844 Tansy Along roadsides and in waste or neglected grounds, chiefly as an escape from gardens and well naturalized in many places. Native of Europe. The var. crispum DC., frequent in cultivation is also occasionally found as an escape. ARTEMISIA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 845. 1753 Absinthium (Tourn.) Lam. FI. Fr. 2: 45. 1778 Abrotanum (Tourn.) Neck. Elem. 1: 98. 1790 1 Artemisia glauca Pall.; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1831. 1804 Silky wormwood Cobb’s hill reservoir, Rochester, Baxter (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167: 23. I9I3)- Adventive from the West. 2 Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 742. 1814 Linear-leaved wormwood Cobb’s hill reservoir, Rochester, Beckwith, Baxter (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 167: 23. 1913; Proc. Rochester Acad. 97. 1917). Adventive from the West. 3 Artemisia caudata Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 129. 1803 Tall or wild wormwood In dry sandy soil along the sea beaches of Long Island and along Lake Ontario. Shore of Lake Ontario at Monroe county, White; Webster, Booth (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 77. 1896; 5: 97. 1917)- ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 7 37 4 Artemisia canadensis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 129. 1803 Canada wormwood In rocky soil, rarely in waste places, northern and western New York. Not common. Sandy shores of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, Kneiskern, Beck (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 394. 1843). Oswego, IVibbe (Torr. Club Bui. 10: 46. 1883). Oneida county, Kneiskern ; along Irondequoit bay, Holzer; Greece, Bradley (Paine, Cat. pi. Oneida Co. 97. 1865). Thurman Station, Warren county, Peck (34th Rep’t State Mus. p. 54. 1881). Rochester (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 78. 1896; 5: 97. 1917). Common on shore of Lake Ontario in Jeffer¬ son county, House. 5 Artemisia absinthium L. Sp. PI. 848. 1753 Common wormwood, absinth In waste places, frequent or common throughout northern, central and western New York. Rare southward in the State. Naturalized from Europe. 6 Artemisia frigida Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1838. 1804 Pasture sagebrush, wormwood sage Cobb’s hill reservoir, Rochester, Beckwith (State Mus. Bul. 157: 21. 1912; Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 97. 1917). Adventive from the West. 7 Artemisia biennis Willd. Phytogr. 11. 1794 Biennial wormwood In waste places, along roadsides and railroads, rarely in fields. Locally frequent in many sections of the State. Naturalized from the West. Oswego, G. IV. Clinton (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 187. 1865). Rochester and vicinity, Baxter, Beckwith, Fuller (Proc. Roch. Acad. 3:78. 1896:5:21,97. 1910-17). 8 Artemisa annua L. Sp. PI. 847. 1753 Annual wormwood In waste places, infrequent or rare as a weed. Naturalized from Europe. 9 Artemisia vulgaris L. Sp. PI. 848. 1753 Common mugwort In waste places, along roadsides and railroads, locally frequent in many sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 738 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 10 Artemisia serrata Nutt. Gen. 2 : 142. 1818 Sawleaf mugwort Banks of the Mohawk, 3 miles below the aqueduct, Schenectady Wibbe (46th Rep’t State Mus. p. 21. 1893). Naturalized from the West. 11 Artemisia gnaphalodes Nutt. Gen. 2: 143. 1818 Prairie or western sage, cudweed mugwort Locally established in waste ground in a few localities. Native of the western states. Cobb’s hill reservoir, Rochester, Beckwith (P’roc. Rochester Acad. 5: 98. 1917). About ruins of grain elevator, Rochester, D. M. White. 12 Artemisia Carruthii Wood; Carruth, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 5; 51. 1877 Kansas or Carruth’s wormwood mugwort A. kansana Britton; Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. 3: 466. 1898 A. coloradensis Osterhout, Torr. Club Bui. 27: 506. 1900 Cobb’s hill reservoir, Rochester, Baxter (State Mus. Bui. 167: 23. 1913). Adventive from the West. 13 Artemisia Abrotanum L. Sp. PI. 845. 1753 Southernwood In waste places, infrequent or rare, but rather widely distributed across the State. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. 14 Artemisia pontica L. Sp. PI. 847. 1753 Roman or Hungarian wormwood In waste ground and on ballast. Rare as a weed in southern New York and occasionally elsewhere. Sometimes cultivated. 15 Artemisia filifolia Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2 : 21 1. 1827 Silvery wormwood Cobb’s hill reservoir, Rochester, Beckwith (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 97. 1917). Adventive from the West. 16 Artemisia tripartita Rydb. N. Y. Bot. Card. Mem. 1 : 432. 1900 A. trifida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) 7: 398. 1841. Not Turcz. 1832 Cobb’s hill reservoir, Rochester, Beckwith (Proc. Roch. Acad. 5; 98. 1917). Adventure from the West. 17 Artemisia procera Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1818. 1804 Reported (in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 3: 526. 1913), as escaped from gardens at Buffalo. Native of Europe and Asia. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 739 18 Artemisia Stelleriana Bess. Abrot. 79. pi. 5, 1829 Beach wormwood Sandy sea beaches on Long Island and Oneida lake. Locally common. Probably not native. TUSSILAGO (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 865. 1753 Tussilago Farfara L., l.c. Coltsfoot,, coughwort In moist soil, on banks and roadsides, and along railroads. Com¬ mon in most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. PETASITES (Tourn.) Mill. Card. Diet. abr. ed. 4. 1754 Petasites palmata (Ait.) A. Gray in Brew. &. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 407. 1876 Palmate-leaved sweet coltsfoot Tussilago palmata Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 188. pi. 2, 1789 Nardosmia palmata Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 308. 1833 In swamps, low thickets and along streams, infrequent or rare across the State from Rensselaer and Essex counties westward to Tompkins, Genesee, Wyoming and Erie counties. Near Saratoga, Dr Steele, Professor Hitchcock (Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1: 331. 1843). Dundee, Wright; valley of Genesee river be¬ tween Rochester and Lake Ontario, Booth (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 91. 1865). Buttermilk glen, Ithaca, Prentiss, G. W. Wood; Machias, Wyoming Co. Clinton (28th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. p. 83. 1876). Guilderland, Albany county, Peck (31st Rep’t State Mus. p. 52. 1879). Sandlake, Rensselaer county, H. C. Gordinier (39th Rep’t State Mus. p. 54. 1886). Orville, Onondaga county, Goodrich (FI. Onondaga Co. 191, 1912). Newcomb, Essex county, House. Canton, Phelps. ARNICA L. Sp. PI. 884. 1753 Arnica mollis Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 331. 1833 Hairy arnica A. Chamissonis Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 1. 1898 A. mollis var. petiolaris Fernald, Rhodora 7: 150. 1905 Shaded slopes and borders of brooks in the higher Adirondack mountain section. Indian Pass, Peck (Bui. N. Y. State Mus. 28: 107. 1899; 54th Rep’t 159. 1901). See also Torrey, FI. N. Y. 1 : 403. pi. LX. i843- ERECHTITES Raf. FI. Ludov. 65. 1817 P tiler is Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 268. 1818 Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf.; DC. Prodr. 6: 294. 1837 Fireweed, pilewort Senecio hieracifolia L. Sp. PI. 866. 1753 E. elongata Raf., in DC., l.c. 24 740 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In woodlands, thickets and waste ground, very common especially on burned over woodland soil. Fernald (Rhodora 19: 27. 1917) distinguishes, on leaf characters, two varieties, viz: intermedia Fernald, and var. praealta (Raf.) Fernald (£. prealte Raf. FI. Ludor. 65. 1817) C AC ALIA L. Sp. PI. 834. 1753 Section Synosma DC. Synosma Raf.; Loud. Gard. Mag. 8: 247. 1832 1 Cacalia suaveolens L., l.c. 835 Sweet-scented Indian plantain Senecio suaveolens Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 328. 1821 Synosma suaveolens Raf., l.c. In woods. Rather rare from central and western New York southward. Riverbanks near Oxford, Chenango county, Coville; Apalachin, Tioga county, Fenno (Clute, FI. Upper Susquehanna 62. 1898). Marcellus, Onondaga county, Goodrich (FI. Onondaga Co. 191. 1912). Penfield, Monroe county, Holder; Greece, Bradley; Avon, Livingston county, B. D. Greene (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 97. 1865). Rochester, Holder (Clinton in 19th Rep't N. Y. State Mus. 205. 1866). Near LeRoy, Baxter; Irondequoit Bay, Booth; Pen- field Fish; Banks of Genesee river near Black creek, Baxter (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 78. 1896; 5: 22. 1910). Section Conophora DC. Mesadenia Raf. Loud. Gard. Mag. 8: 247. 1832; New FI. 4: 7&- 1838. Not Raf. Med. FI. 1: 198. 1828 (= Frasera Walt.) Conophora (DC.) Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 193. 1914 2 Cacalia atriplicifolia L., l.c. Great Indian plantain, wild collard Mesadenia atriplicifolia Raf., l.c. 79 Senecio atriplicifolius Flock. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 332. 1833 Conophora atriplicifolia Nieuwl. Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 193. 1914 Cacalia gigantea Nees & Schauer, Ind. Sem. Vratisl. 1841, & Linnaea 16: 216 In woods and clearings. Rare from Chemung county westward to Lake Erie and southward. Wellsburg, Chemung county, Lucy (Torr. Club Bui. 8: 1 1 5 . 1881). Genesee river, Sartwell, Harris, Bradley (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 97. 1865; Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 78. 1896). Near Geneseo, Bennett (Torr. FI. N. Y. 1 : 401. 1843). SENECIO (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 866. 1753 1 Senecio vulgaris L., l.c. 867 Common groundsel In cultivated ground and waste places, often in muddy or wet soil. Frequent or locally common in many sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 74 1 2 Senecio viscosus L., l.c. 868 Fetid or viscous groundsel In waste places and on ballast. A rare adventive in southern New York. Native of Europe. 3 Senecio Jacobaea L., l.c. 870 Tansy ragwort, staggerwort In waste places and on ballast about New York City. A rather rare adventive from Europe. 4 Senecio eremophilus Richards, in Frankl. Jour. App. ed. 2, 31. 1824 Cobb’s Hill reservoir, Rochester (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 98. 1917). Adventive from the West. 5 Senecio Robbinsii Oakes; Rusby, Torr. Club Bui. 20: 19. 1893 Robbin’s squaw-weed Y. aureus var. lanceolatus Oakes, in Hovey’s Mag. Hort. May, 1841 In swamps and mountain meadows. Locally common across the northern part of the State. Third lake, Herkimer county, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 98 1865). Mount Marcy, Britton. Rocky banks of Black river below Brownsville, Jefferson county, Peck (47th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 16. 1894). North Elba, Peck (49th Rep’t 25. 1896). Inlet, Hamilton county; Newcomb, Essex county, House. 6 Senecio aureus L., l.c. 870 Golden ragwort, swamp squaw-weed S. pauciflorus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 529. 1814 S', gracilis Pursh, l.c. In swamps and wet meadows. Common in most sections of the State, but rare on the coastal plain of Long Island. Senecio aureus x pauperculus House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 27. 1923. (Y. aureus x Balsamitae Greenman, Rhodora 10: 69. 1908). Bergen swamp, Genesee county, House. Senecio aureus x Robbinsii House, l.c. 25. Newcomb, Essex county, House. This hybrid closely simulates Y. Robbinsii, but the intermediate appearance of the leaf-blades and the fact that it bloomed just as the earlier flowering Y. Robbinsii was passing out of bloom and as Y. aureus was just beginning to bloom, together with the fact that the plants grew on a moist bank with Y. aureus in the bog below and Y. Robbinsii on the bank above leads to the conclusion that they were of hybrid origin. 7 Senecio obovatus Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1999. 1804 Round-leaved squaw-weed S. Elliottii T. & G., FI. N. Am. 2: 443. 1843 5". aureus var. obovatus T. & G., l.c. 742 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In moist soil in woods and on banks. Rare northward across the State south of the Adirondacks. More frequent southward. Green Island, Wright & Hall (Cat. PI. Troy 36. 1836). Little Falls; Yates county, Sartwell (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 98. 1865). Southfields, Orange county, and New Baltimore, Greene county, Peck (50th Rep't N. Y. State Mus. 94. 1897). Richmond Hill, Long Island, Hulst (Torreya 2: 53. 1902). Green lake, Onondaga county, Goodrich (FI. Onondaga Co. 191. 1912). Little Falls, House. Glenmont, Albany county, House (with early leaves more plantagineous and short petioled, the S. Elliottii T. & G.). 8 Senecio pauperculus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2; 120. 1S03 Balsam groundsel S. Balsamitae Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1999. 1804 S. aureus var. Balsamitae T. & G. FI. N. Am. 2: 442. 1843 S. aurens var. pauperculus MacM. Met. Minn. 556. 1893 In dry or rocky soil or in boggy meadows and marly depressions. Not common. Todt Hill, Staten Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 636. 1915). Southfield, Orange county, Peck (39th Rep’t N. Y. State Mus. 54. 1885). Rocky banks of Black river opposite and below Watertown, Jefferson county, and in Bergen swamp, Genesee county Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 98. 1865). Brownville, Jefferson county, Peck (46th Rep’t 47. 1893). Whitehall, Washington county, Peck (50th Rep’t 95. 1897). Tamarack or Lodi swamp, Syracuse (formerly), Sheldon, House. Colton, St Lawrence county, Phelps. Var. praelongus (Greenmail) House, l.c. 62. {S. Balsamitae var. praclongus Greenman, Rhodora 3 : 6. 1901), is reported from north¬ ern New York in the seventh edition of Gray’s Manual (1908), but is not represented in the state herbarium. ARCTIUM L. Sp. PI. 816. 1753 Lappa (Tourn.) Hill, Veg. Syst. 4: 28. 1761 I Arctium Lappa L., l.c. Great burdock or clotbur Lappa Arctium Hill, l.c. fig. 2a, b. L. glabr-a Lam. FI. Fr. 2: 37. 1778 L. officinalis All. FI. Ped. 1: 145. 1785 L. major Gaertn. Fruct. 2: 379. t. 162. f. 3. 1789 L. Bardana Moench, Meth. 552. 1794 In waste places. Infrequent as a weed in southern New York, northward to Washington county, House; St Lawrence county, Phelps, and westward to Genesee county, Baxter (P'roc. Rochester Acad. 5: 22. 1910), probably of wider distribution. Naturalized from Europe. Petioles solid, involucral bracts (phyllaries) equalling or exceeding the flowers, the heads one inch or more in diameter. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 743 2 Arctium tomentosum Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 3. 1768 A. Lappa, P. L. Sp. PI. 816. 1753 Lappa tomentosa Lam. Encycl. 1 : 377. 1783 A. Bardana Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1632. 1800 A. Lappa var. tomentosa A. Gray, Syn. FI. i2: 397. 1884 In waste places. Infrequent or rare across the State. Adventive from Europe. 3 Arctium minus (Hill) Bernhardi, Syst. Verz. Erf. 1 : 154. 1S00 Small burdock Lappa minor Hill, Syst. Veg. 4: 28. /. 3a. 1761 Arctium nemorosum Lejeune, Comp. FI. Belg. 3: 129. 1836 Lappa glabra Aschers. & Graebn. FI. Nord. Flachl. 743. 1899 In waste places. Common throughout most sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. Forma leucocephalum House, l.c 41, with pure white flowers is reported from Monroe county, Beckwith (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 98. 1917). Heads oval, racemose, nearly closed in fruit by the appressed phyllaries ; the heads small, one-half to three-quarter inch broad ; petioles solid. 4 Arctium vulgare (Hill) Evans, Jour. Bot. 51: 117. 1913 Lappa vulgaris Hill, l.c. 28. f. ia, b. Arctiitm personata Mill., l.c. No. 2, Not L. A. Lappa Schk. Bot. Handb. 3: 48. 1803. Not L. L. intermedia Lange, FI. Dan. t. 2663. 1844 A. intermedium Lange, Dansk. FI. 463. 1851 Heads about the same size as the preceding, hut subcorymbose, open in fruit by the spreading phyllaries; petioles solid. Some of the material from this State commonly referred to A. minus, apparently belongs here, but the scarcity of good collections renders it impossible to determine at this time the relative abundance and distribution of this species, which like all members of the genus, is adventive or naturalized from Europe. CIRSIUM (Tourn.) Mill. Card. Diet. abr. ed. 4. 1754 1 Cirsium lanceclatum (L.) Hill, Brit. Elerb. 1: So. 1769 Common bur or spear thistle Cardans lanceolatus I.. Sp. PI. 821. 1753 Cnicus lanceolatus Willd. Prodr. FI. Berol. 259. 1787 In fields and waste places, locally frequent as a weed in most sec¬ tions of the State. Naturalized from Europe. 2 Crisium altissimum (L.) Spreng. Syst. 3: 3 73. 1826 Tall or roadside thistle Carduus altissimus L. Sp. PI. 824. 1753 Cnicus altissimus Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1671. 1804 744 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In fields and thickets, Rensselaer county south to Westchester county and westward across the State. Infrequent. 3 Cirsium discolor (Muhl.) Spreng. Syst. 3: 373. 1826 Field thistle Cnicus discolor Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1673. 1804 Carduus discolor Nutt. Gen. 2: 130. 1818 Cnicus altissimus var. discolor A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19 : 56. 1884 In fields and along roadsides, frequent or common as a weed in southern New York. Less frequent northward across the State. Not reported from the Adirondacks. Forma albiflora (Britton) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 243-244: 55. 1923 ( Cnicus altissimus var. discolor, forma albiflora Britton, Torr. Club Bui. 17: 124. 1890), reported from Long Island and Staten Island. 4 Cirsium odoratum (Muhl.) Britton; in Britton & Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 2, 3: 552. 1913 Pasture or fragrant thistle Cnicus odoratus Muhl. Cat. 70. 1813 Carduus pumilus Nutt. Gen. 2: 130. 1818 Cnicus pumilus Torr. Compend. FI. 282. 1826 Cirsium pumilum Spreng. Syst. 3: 374. 1826 Carduus odoratus Porter, Torr. Club Mem. 5: 345,. 1894 In fields, infrequent or rare across the State, south of the Adiron¬ dacks. Schenectady, Pearson; Otsego county, H. Lathrop; Yates county, SartzveW (Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 98. 1865). New London, Oneida county, House. Tully, Onondaga county, Goodrich (FI. Onondaga Co. 192. 1912). Infrequent (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3; 79. 1896). 5 Cirsium horridulum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 90. 1803 Yellow thistle Carduus spinosissimus Walt. FI. Car. 194. 1788. Not Cirsium spinosissimum (L.) Scop. Cnicus horridulus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 507. 1814 Cirsium megacanthum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) 7: 419. 1841 In moist or dry sandy soil, chiefly along the coast of Long Island and Staten Island, especially on the edges of salt marshes. Inland at Spring Valley, Rockland county (Taylor). 6 Cirsium muticum Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 89. 1803 Swamp thistle Carduus muticus Pers. Syn. 2: 386. 1807 Cnicus muticus Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 5°6- 1814 Cnicus glutinosus Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 291. 1824 Cirsium Bigclouni DC. Prodr. 6 : 652. 1837 ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 745 In swamps and moist soil, frequent or locally abundant through¬ out most sections of the State. Rare on the coastal plain of Long Island. Var. subpinnatifidum (Britton) Fernald, Rhodora 10: 95. 1908 Carduus muticus subpinnatifidus Britton; in Britt. & Brown, Illus. FI. 3: 489. 1898 Infrequent or occasional with the typical form. 7 Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, 2: 126. 1772 Canada thistle, creeping thistle Serratula arvensis L. Sp. PI. 820. 1753 Carduus aruensis Robs. Brit. FI. 163. 1777 Cnicus arvensis Hoffm. Deutsch. FI. ed. 2, i2 : 130. 1804 In fields and waste places, common throughout the State. Naturalized from Europe. Var. vestitum Wimm. & Grab., with the leaves permanently vvhite-lanate beneath, is locally established. Var. integrifolium Wimm. & Graeb., with the leaves chiefly plane and uncut or the lowest slightly pinnatifid, is rare or local. 8 Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2, 2: 12S. 1772 Marsh thistle Carduus palustris L. Sp. PI. 822. 1753 Reported as a waif near Queens, Long Island. Native of Europe and northern Asia. CARDUUS (Vaill.) L. Sp. PI. 820. 1753 Carduus crispus L. Sp. PI. 821. 1753 Curled thistle, welted thistle Rare as a weed in waste places and fields. Adventive from Europe. Near New York, Taylor. Helderberg mountains, Burnham (State Mus. Bui. 139: 20. 1910). Cobb’s hill reservoir, Rochester, Macauley (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 98. 1917). Carduus nutans L. has been collected on ballast near Jersey City and Hoboken, but not definitely reported as a waif in this State. Native of Europe. MARIANA Hill, Veg. Syst. 4: 19. 1762 S i 1 y b u m Vaill. ; Adans. Fam. PI. 2 : 1 16. 1762 Mariana mariana (L.) Hill, l.c. Milk thistle Carduus mariana L. Sp. PI. 823. 1753 Silybum marianum Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 2: 378. 1802 In waste grounds and on ballast. Rare. 746 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Rare as a weed about New York ( Taylor ). Orient, Long Island Burnham & Latham (Torreya 14: 254. 1914). Rochester (Proc. Roch. Acad. 3: 79. 1896). ONOPORON Vaill. ; L. Sp. PI. 827. 1753 Onopordon acanthium L. Sp. PI. 827. 1753 Cotton thistle, Scotch thistle In waste places, infrequent or rare, but widely distributed through¬ out the State, Naturalized from Europe. Sailor’s Snug Harbor, Staten Island, Hollick (Torr. Club Bui. 22: 461. 1895). Gardiner’s island. Orient and East Marion, Long Island, Burnham & Latham (Torreya 14: 254. 1914). Albany 1827; Queenstown 1862; Rochester 1864, ( Clinton in 19th Rep’t Regents, p. 200. 1S66). Fairfield, Herkimer county, Hadley; Rochester and toward the lake (Ontario), Booth; ledg'es of lime¬ stone and roadsides near Page’s Corners, southern Herkimer county and hills near Warren, Paine (Cat. PI. Oneida Co. 98, 187. 1865). Rochester, Irondequoit, Chili, Bergen, and in Wayne county (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 79. 1896). CENTAUREA L. Sp. PI. 909. 1753 Setachna Dulac. FI. Hautes-Pyr. 518. 1867 Section Cyanus Cyan us Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 1 Centaurea Cyanus L., l.c. 91 1 Blue-botlle, corn flower, corn blue-bottle Cyanus aevensis Moench, Meth. 561. 1794 Cyanus cyanus Hill, Hort. Kew. 64. 1768 Setachna Cyanus Dulac, l.c. 520 In waste places, chiefly as an escape from gardens and also in ballast. Occasional in many sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. Section Jacea Jacea (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 2 Centaurea Jacea L. l.c. 914 Brown or rayed knapweed Cyanus Jacea Gaertn. Mey. & Schreb. FI. Wett. 3: 172 Jacea communis Delarb. FI. Auv. ed. 2, 201. 1800 Setachna fimbriata Dulac, l.c. 519 In waste places, northern and western New York and in waste places and on ballast in the southeastern part of the State. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. Var. lacera Koch, is infrequent or rare. ANNOTATED LIST OF FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS 747 3 Centaurea nigra L., l.c. 91 1 Black knapweed, horse-knops, hardheads Jacea nigra Hill, Herb. Brit. 1 : 83 Setaclina nigra Dulac, l.c. 519 In waste places and in fields and along roadsides. Locally fre¬ quent as a weed in many places. Naturalized from Europe. The var. radiata DC., less frequent. 4 Centaurea vochinensis Bernh.; Reichenb. Icon. PI. Germ. 15: 15. 1853 Tyrol knapweed In waste grounds. Rare as a weed in southeastern New York. Adventive from Europe. Referred by some authorities to C. nigre- scens Willd. Section Plectocephalus Plectocephalus Don, Brit. FI. Gard. Ser. II. t. 51. 1838 5 Centaurea americana Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 2: 117. 1821 American star thistle C. Nuttallii Spreng. Syst. 4: 198. 1827 Plectocephalus americanus Don, l.c. Long pond, Monroe county, Killip & Woodams (Proc. Rochester Acad. 5: 98. 1917). Possibly adventive from the West. This collection has been questioned, but the material has been reexamined. The heads are somewhat more than one inch broad, and the achenes are distinctly obliquely attached, which would seem to indicate that the record is correct. 6 Centaurea maculosa Lam. Encycl. 1 : 669. 1783 Spotted knapweed In waste grounds and in fields. Infrequent but widely distributed as a weed across the State. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. Section Calcitrapa (Centaurea proper) Centaurium majus Mill. Gard. Diet. 4th abr. ed. 1754 Calcitrapa Hill, Hort. Kew. 62. 1768 7 Centaurea Calcitrapa L. Sp. PI. 917. 1735 Star thistle Calcitrapa stellaris Hill, Herb. Brit. 1 : 76. 1756 Calcitrapa Calcitrapa Hill, Hort. Kew. 62. 1768 In waste places and on ballast. A rare adventive about New York City. Native of Europe. 8 Centaurea melitensis L., l.c. Rayless winged centaury Cyanus melitensis Gaertn. FI. & Sem. 2 : 383 Calcitrapa confcrta Moench, Meth. 564. 1794 A rare waif on ballast about New York City. Native of Europe. 25 74§ NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 9 Centaurea solstitialis L., l.c. Barnaby’s thistle Cyanus solstitialis J. & C. Pres!. FI. Cech. 179 Calcitrapa solstitialis Lam. FI. Fr. 2: 34 Setachna solstitialis Dulac, l.c. 520 In waste and cultivated grounds and on ballast. Becoming frequent in many sections of the State. Naturalized from Europe. CNICUS (Tourn.) L. S. PI. 826. 1753 Car beni Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 116. 1763 Cnicus Benedictus L., l.c. Blessed thistle Centaurea Bcncdicta L., Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1296. 1763 In waste places. A rare adventive from Europe. Reported from Rochester, Monroe county, and Kendall, Orleans county, Gannett , Lennon (Proc. Rochester Acad. 3: 79. 1896; 5: 22. 1910). ADDENDA Aristida gracilis Ell. (page 90) According to Hitchcock (Contr. ET. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 539. 1924), Elliott’s name for this species is antedated by Aristida longispicata Poir., in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 1 : 452. 1810 Oakesiella puberula (Michx.) Small, FI. SE. U. S. 272. 1903 Uvularia puberula Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 199. 1803 Oakcsia puberula S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 269. 1879 Reported from Manorville, Long Island, by W. C. Ferguson (Torr. Club Bui. 51: 188. 1924), as Uvularia nitida (Britton) Mackenzie. This was originally described by Britton (Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 9: 13. 1889), as a variety ( ?) of Oakcsia sessilifolia. Polygonum setaceum Baldw., Ell. Bot. S.C. & Ga. 1 : 455. 1817 Persicaria setae ea Small, FI. SE. U. S. 379. 1903 Collected at Sweezy pond, Southampton, Long Island, St John 2703, July 26, 1920. Fernald & Wiegand (Rhodora 25: 210. 1923 ) report this southern species from Mud pond, Oswego county, and the specimens reported as P. hydro piper oides var. stigosum, on page 297, apparently belong also to this species. INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF FAMILIES AND GENERA Family names are printed in small capitals : the names of the accepted generic names in heavy roman type, while the names of genera which appear in synonymy are printed in italics. Abies, 45 Abola, 97 Abrotanum, 736 Absinthium, 736 Abutilon, 489 Acalypha, 469 ACANTHACEAE, 638 Acanthospermum, 721 Acer, 482 ACERACEAE, 482 Acerates, 575 Acetosa, 286 Acetosella, 460 Achillea, 732 Achroanthes, 249 Acmispon, 442 Acnida, 303 Aconitum, 335 Acorus, 203 Actaea, 333 Actinocyclus, 540 Actinomeris, 727 Adenarium, 321 Adenorachis, 410 Adiantum, 30 Adicea, 283 Adlumia, 352 Adnaria, 552 Adonis, 336 Adopogon, 663 Adoxa, 655 ADOXACEAE, 655 Adventina, 730 Aegopodium, 535 AESCULACEAE, 484 Aesculus, 484 Aethusa, 534 Aetopteron, 19 Agalinis, 628 Agaloma, 471 Agastache, 594 Agathophyton, 307 Agathyrsus, 667 Ageratina, 682 Ageria, 478 Agraulus, 97 Agrimonia, 394 Agropyron, 126 Agrostemma, 322 Agrostis, 97 Ailanthus, 466 Aira, 103 Aizoaceae, 313 Ajuga, 591 Aletris, 222 Alisma, 62 ALISMACEAE, 62 Alliaria, 360 ALLIONIACEAE, 3 12 Allionia, 312 Allium, 220 Alnaster, 271 Alnobetula, 271 Alnus, 271 Aloitis, 567 Alopecurus, 94 ALSINACEAE, 314 Alsine, 314, 319 Alsine, 321 Alsinella, 318 Alsinopsis, 319 Althaea, 488 ALTINGIACEAE, 380 Alymnia, 720 Alyssum, 356 Amagris, 101 AMARANTHACEAE, 3OI Amaranthus, 301 Amarella, 567 Amarenus, 440 Amaryllidaceas, 230 Ambrina, 305 Ambrosia, 674 AMBROSIACEAE, 674 Amelanchier, 41 1 Amianthium, 218 Ammannia, 514 AMMIACEAE, 528 Ammi, 536 Ammodenia, 320 Ammophila, 103 Amorpha, 442 Ampelopsis, 487 Amphicarpa, 455 Amsinckia, 586 Amsonia, 571 AMYGDALACEAE, 43O Amygdalus, 434 Anacardiaceae, 475 Anacharis, 64 Anagallis, 561 Anaphalis, 719 Anchistea, 24 Andrewsia, 570 Androcera, 613 Andromeda, 549 Andropogon, 67 Anemagrostis, 97 Anemone, 336 Anemonella, 338 Anethum, 530 Angeria, 256 Angelica, 531 Anguria, 658 Anislylis, 249 Anoda, 491 Anogra, 522 ANONACEAE, 33I Anoplanthus, 636 Anserina, 307 Antennaria, 716 Anthalogea, 467 Anthemis, 733 Anthodendron, 545 Anthopogon, 566 Anthoxanthum, 88 Anthyllis, 442 Anticlea, 218 Antirrhinum, 618 Anychia, 31 1 Apalanthe, 65 Apargia, 664, 665 Apera, 97 Aphyllon, 636 Apios, 455 Apium, 533 Aplectrum, 251 Aplexia, 87 Aplopappus, 684 APOCYNACEAE, 57I Apocynum, 572 Aquifoliaceae, 478 Aquifolium, 478 Aquilegia, 335 Arabidiopsis, 363 Arabis, 364 ARACEAE, 201 Aralia, 526 Araliaceae, 526 Arbutus, 551 Arceuthobium, 284 Archangelica, 531, 534 Archemora, 531 Arctium, 742 Arctostaphylos, 551 749 750 INDEX Arenaiia, 519 Arethusa, 243 Argemone, 350 Argentina, 389 Arietinum, 234 Arisaema, 201 Aristida, 90, 748 Aristolochia, 286 Aristolochiaceae, 285 Armeria, 580 ARMERIACEAE, 562 Armoracia, 358 Arnica, 739 Amoseris, 664 Aronia, 410 Aronia, 203 Arrhenatherum, 105 Arsenococcus, 550 Artemisia, 736 A RTOCARPACEAE, 28l Arum, 202 Aruncus, 385 ASARACEAE, 285 Asarum, 285 ASCLEPIADIACEAE, 573 Asclepias, 573 Ascyrum, 491 Asemeia, 467 Asimina, 331 Asparagus, 222 Aspris, 103 Asperugo, 586 Asperula, 646 Asphodeliris, 217 Aspidium, 20 Asplenium, 26 Asprelia, 130 Aster, 696 "j Astragalus, 444 Alhamanta, 531 Athernotus, 101 Atheropogon, 10S Athyrium, 28 Atragene, 347 Atriplex, 308 Atropa, 61 1 Atropis, 120 Aureolaria, 627 Avena, 105 Azalea, 545 Azolla, 32 Baccharis, 715 Baldingera, 87 Ballota, 598 BALSAMINACEAE, 464 Balsamita, 735 Baptisia, 436 Barbarea, 363 Bartonia, 570 Bartsia, 630 Basilima, 385 Bassia, 307 Batatas, 577 Batidaea, 398 Batrachium, 338 Batschia, 587, 682 Behen, 323, 677 Behenantha, 323 Belamcanda, 232 Beilis, 695 Bennetia, 95 Benthamidia, 539 Benzoin, 350 Berberidaceae, 348 Berberis, 348 Bermudiana, 233 Berteroa, 355 Betula, 268 Betnla-Alnus, 271 Betulaceae, 267 Bicuculla, 352 Bidens, 728 Bifolium, 224 Bignonia, 637 BIGNONIACEAE, 637 Bilderdyiia, 298 Blephariglottis, 240 Blephilia, 602 Blitum, 305 Blumenbachia, 68 Blyttia, 97 Boebera, 732 Boehmeria, 283 Boltonia, 695 Bootia, 326, 391 BORAGINACEAE, 584 Borago, 589 Bossekia, 397 Botrycarpum, 380 Botrychium, 12 Botrydium, 305 Bouteloua, 10S Boykinia, 514 Brachiolobus, 357 Brachyelytrum, 93 Brachystemon, 605 Bradleia, 455 Brasenia, 327 Brassica, 370 BRASSICACEAE, 354 Brathydium, 492 Brathys, 493 Brauneria, 724 Briza, 114 Brizopyrum, 114 Bromeiica, 105 Bromus, 123 Brossaea, 551 Broussonetia, 281 Bruniera, 204 Bryopthalmum, 542 Buchnera, 627 Buda, 321 BUETTNERIACEAE, 49I Bulbostylis, 135 Bulliarda, 375 Buphthalmum, 722 Bupleurum, 532 Bursa, 356 CABOMBACEAE, 327 Cacalia, 677 Cacalia, 740 Cactaceae, 512 Caenotus, 715 Caesalpiniaceae, 435 Caesalpinioides, 436 Cakile, 372 Calamagrostis, 101 Calamintha, 603 Calceolus, 234 Calcitrapa, 747 Calendula, 731 Calla, 202 Callionia, 387 Callistachya, 626 Callitriche, 473 CALLITRICHACEAE, 473 Calluna, 551 Calopogon, 244 Caltha, 332 Caltha, 731 Calymenia, 312 Calypso, 250 Calystegia, 577 Camelina, 356 Campanula, 659 CAMPANULACEAE, 659 Campanulastrum, 660 Campe, 363 Camp sis, 637 Camptosorus, 25 Cannabinaceae, 281 Cannabis, 282 Capnoides, 353 Capnorchis, 352 CAPPARIDACEAE, 372 CAPRIFOLIACEAE, 646 Caprifolium, 651 Capriola, 106 Cap sella, 356 Carara, 360 Carbeni, 748 Cardamine, 366 Cardiophyllum, 247 C ardio sperm urn, 484 CARDUACEAE, 677 Carduus, 745 Carex, 156 Carpinus, 267 Carum, 537 Carya, 253 CARYOPHYLLACEAE, 322 Cassandra, 549 Cassia, 435 CASSiACEAE, 435 Cassiope, 548 C \SSYTH ACEAE, 349 INDEX 751 Castalia 330 Castanea, 273 Castilleja, 630 Catalpa, 637 Cathartolinum, 463 Cathea, 244 Caulophyllum, 348 Caucalis, 529 Ceanothus, 485 CELASTRACEAE, 480 Celastrus, 481 Celeri, 537 Celosia, 309 Celtis, 279 Cenchrus, 86 Centaurea, 746 Centaurella, 570 Centaurium, 565 Centaurium, 570 Cepa, 220 Cephalanthus, 642 Ceranthera, 613 Cerastium, 317 Cerasus, 430 Ceratochloa, 123 CERATOPHYLLACEAE, 327 Ceratophyllum, 327 Ceratoschoenus, 152 Cercis, 435 Cerinthodes, 585 Cerophora, 256 Cerothamnus, 257 Chaenactis, 732 Chaenorrhinum, 617 Chaerophyllum, 530 Chaetaria, 90 Chaetochloa, 84 Chaetocyperus, 136 Chaetospora, 153 Chamaebuxus, 466 Chamaecerasus, 653 Chamaecrista, 435 Chamaecyparis, 46 Chamaedaphne, 549 Chamaedaphne , 548 Chamaelirium, 217 Chamaemelum, 733, 735 Chamaemorus, 397 Chamaenerion, 516 Chamaepericlymenum, 539 Chamaeplium , 362 Chamaeraphis, 84 Chamaesyce, 470 Chamomilla, 735 Chasea, 72 Chasmanthium, 114 Cheilanthes, 31 Cheirinia, 361 Chelidonium, 351 Chelone, 619 CHENOPODIACEAE, 303 Chenopodium, 303 Chimaphila, 542 Chiogenes, 556 Chionanthus, 565 Chironia, 566 Chloamnia, 121 Chlorocharis, 136 Chlorocyperus, 13 1 Chondrosea, 378 Chrospenna, 218 Chrysa, 333 Chrysanthemum, 734 Chrysaspis, 440 Chrysobotrya, 380 Chrysocoma, 694 Chrysopogon, 68 Chrysopsis, 684 Chrysosplenium, 379 Chrysothamnus, 684 Chulusium, 293 Cicer, 456 Cicerbita, 667 CICHORIACEAE, 663 Cichorium, 663 Cicuta, 536 Cimicifuga, 334 Ciminalis, 568 Cinna, 97 Circaea, 523 CIRCAEACEAE, 523 Cirsium, 743 CISTACEAE, 496 Cistus, 496 Cladorhiza, 251 Cladium, 153 Claytonia, 313 Clematis, 347 Cleome, 372 Clethra, 540 CLETHRACEAE, 54O Clinopodium, 603 Clintonia, 223 Clitoria, 455 Clypeola, 355, 356 Cnicus, 748 Coeloglossum, 237 Coelopleuron, 534 Coix, 66 Collinaria, 113 Collinsia, 620 Collinsonia, 610 Collomia, 582 Colobium, 665 Colutea, 44.5 Comarum, 391 Coman dra, 285 Commelina, 206 COMMELINACEAE, 2 06 Compositae, 677 Comptonia, 257 Conioselinum, 531 Conium, 535 Conopholis, 636 Conopiiora, 74a Conringia, 362 Convallaria, 227 CONVALLARIACEAE, 222 CONVOLVULACEAE, 576 Convolvuloides , 576 Convolvulus, 577 Conyza, 696, 715 Coprosmanthus, 229 Coptis, 333 Corallorrhiza, 251 Corema, 475 Coreopsis, 727 Coreosma, 380 Coriandrum, 534 Coriospermum, 309 Cornaceae, 537 Cornelia, 539 Comus, 537 Coronaria, 325 Coronilla, 445 Coronopus, 360 CORRIGIOLACEAE, 3II Corydalis, 353 CORYLACEAE, 267 Corylus, 268 Corynephorus, 103 Cota, 734 Cotinus, 478 Cracca, 442 Crantzia, 534 Crassulaceae, 375 Crataegus, 414 Crepis, 669 Criosanthes, 234 Crocanihemum, 496 Crossostigma, 517 Crotalaria, 437 Croton, 469 Crotonopsis, 469 Cruciferae, 354 Cryptogramma, 30 Cryptotaenia, 530 Crystostachys, 95 Cteisium, 16 Cubelium, 312 Cucubalus, 323 Cucularia, 352 Cucumis, 658 Cucurbita, 658 CUCURBITACEAE, 658 Cunila, 606 Cuphea, 515 Curtopogon, 90 Cuscuta, 578 CUSCUTACEAE, 578 Cut ter a, 568 Cyanus, 746 Cyclachaena, 674 Cycloloma, 307 Cylactis, 398 Cymbalaria, 616 752 Cynanchum, 575 Cynodon, 106 Cynoglossospernium, 585 Cynoglossum, 584 Cynosurus, 114 Cynoxylon, 539 Cynthia, 663 CYPERACEAE, I3I Cyperella, 215 Cyperus, 13 1 Cyphorina, 587 Cypripedium, 234 Cyrtorhyncha, 339 Cyrtospermum, 530 Cystopteris, 18 Cytherea, 250 Cytisus, 438 Dactylis, 114 Dactyloctenium, 108 Dactylophylluin, 389 Dalibarda, 397 Danthonia, 105 Daphne, 513 DAPHNACEAE, 513 Dasiola, 12 1 Dasiphora, 390 Dasistepha, 568 Dasystephana, 568 Dasystoma, 627 Datisca, 475 Datura, 614 Daucus, 528 Decamerium, 552 Decodon, 514 Delphinium, 335 Denckea, 566 Dennstedtia, 18 Dentaria, 368 Deringa, 530 Deschampsia, 103 Descurainia, 361 Desmodium, 445 Deutzia, 655 Deyeuxia, 101 Dianthera, 638 Dianthus, 326 Diapensia, 557 DIAPENSIACEAE, 557 Dicentra, 352 Dichrophyllum, 471 Dicksonia, 18 Diclytra, 352 Dieteria, 684, 713 Diervilla, 654 Digitalis, 626 Digitaria, 69 Digraphis, 87 Dilatris, 230 Ditepyrum, 89, 91 Dimesia, 88 Diodia, 642 Dioscorea, 231 Dioscoreaceae, 231 INDEX Diospyros, 562 Diphryllum, 247 Diplachne, no Diplazium, 28 Diplocea, 109 Diplogon, 684 Diploma, 568 Diplopappus, 684, 710, 71 Diplostephium, 710, 712 Diplotaxis, 371 DIPSACACEAE, 657 Dipsacus, 657 Dirca, 513 Discopleura, 536 Disporum, 224 Distichlis, 114 Dodecatheon, 561 Doellingeria, 712 Dolichos, 456, 457 Dondia, 310 Donia, 683 Dortmanna, 661 Draba, 354 Dracaena, 223 Dracocephalum, 596 Dracontium, 203 Drosera, 374 DROSERACEAE, 374 Drymocallis, 391 Dryopteris, 20 Drysodia, 732 Duchesnia, 391 Dulcamara 613 Dulichium, 152 Dupontia, 104 Eatonia, 72, 112 EBENACEAE, 562 Echinacea, 724 Echinochloa, 71 Echinocystis, 659 Echinodorus, 62 Echinospermum, 585 Echium, 589 Eclipta, 722 Edrastima, 641 ELAEAGNACEAE, 513 ELATINACEAE, 495 Elatine, 495 Elatinoides, 617 Eleocharis, 135 Eleusine, 108 Ellisia, 583 Elodea, 64, 495 Elodes, 495 Elymus, 128 EMPETRACEAE. 474 Empetrum, 474 Endallax, 87 Endammia, 475 Endolia, 87 Engelmannia, 579 Epifagus , 636 Epigaea, 551 EPILOBIACEAE, 515 Epilobium, 516 Epipactis, 244, 248 Epithymum, 578 EQUISETACEAE, 32 Equisetum, 33 Eragrostis, no Erechtites, 739 Erica, 551 Ericala, 568 ERICACEAE, 544 Erigenia, 535 Erigeron, 714 Eriocarpum, 684 ERIOCAULACEAE, 206 Eriocaulon, 206 Eriocoma, 89 Eriophorum, 142 Erochloe, no Erodium, 460 Erophila, 354 Eruca, 370 Erucastrum, 369 Ervum, 456 Erysimum, 362 Erysimum, 361, 364 Erythraea, 565 Erythrocoma, 397 Erythronium, 221 Eschscholtzia, 351 Eubotrys, 549 Euchroma, 630 Eukrania, 539 Euonymus, 480 Eupatorium, 678 Euphorbia, 470 EUPHORBIACEAE, 469 Euphrasia, 631 Eustachya, 626 Euthamia, 694 Evallaria, 226 Eyrythalia, 567 Faba, 457 FABACEAE, 436 FAGACEAE, 2J2 Fagopyrum, 300 Fagus, 272 Falcata, 455 Fedia, 656 Ferula, 531 Festuca, 121 Fibichia, 106 Ficaria, 339 Filago, 715 Filipendula, 386 Filix, 18 Fimbristima, 71 1 Fimbristylis, 141 Fissipes, 236 Floerkea, 465 Foeniculum, 534 Fragaria, 392 FRANGULACEAE, 484 INDEX 753 Frasera, 569 Fraxinus, 563 Froelichia, 303 Fuirena, 151 Fumaria, 354 FUMARIACEAE, 352 Gaillardia, 732 Gaissenia, 332 Galactia, 456 Galanthus, 231 Galathenium, 667 Gale, 256 Galega, 442 Galeopsis, 597 Galeorchis, 236 Galinsoga, 730 Galium, 642 Galypola, 467 Gansblum, 354 Gardenia, 495 Gaultheria, 551 Gaura, 522 Gaylussacia, 552 Gelsemium, 637 Gemmingia, 232 Genista, 437 Gentiana, 566 GENTIANACE \E, 565 Gentianella, 566 Gerardia, 627 GERANIACEAE, 458 Geranium, 458 Geum, 395 Gifola, 715 Gilia, 581 Gillenia, 386 Ginannia, 103 Ginseng, 527 Gisopteris, 16 Githago, 322 Glaucium, 351 Glecoma, 595 Gleditsia, 436 Glyce, 355 Glycerin, 116 Glycine, 455 Glyciphylla, 456 Glycyrrhiza, 443 Gnaphalium, 719 Gomp'wcarpus, 575 Gomphrena, 309 Gonipia, 568 Gonopyrum, 301 Goodyera, 248 Graphephorum, 104 Gramineae, 66 Grammica, 579 Grantia, 204 Gratiola, 621 Grindelia, 683 Groenlandica, 51 Grossularia, 382 GROSSULARIACEAE, 380 GUNNERACEAE, 524 Gutierrezia, 683 Gymnocladus, 436 Gymnadeniopsis, 237 Gymnolom a, 727 Gymnostichum, 130 Gymnostylis, 715 Gynandropsis, 372 Gypsophila, 326 Gyrostachys, 245 Gyrotheca, 230 Habenaria, 237 Hackelia, 585 HAEMODORACEAE, 230 Halenia, 570 Halerpestes, 339 Halianthus, 320 Hallomuellera, 534 Haloragidaceae, 524 HAMAMELIDACEAE 380 Hamamelis, 380 Harpalyce, 672 Harrimanella, 548 Hedeoma, 603 Hedera, 528 HEDERACEAE, 526 Hedyosmos, 6o5 Hedy otis, 641 Hedypnois, 666 Hedysarum, 445 Heleocharis, 135 Heleochloa, 94 Helenia, 730 Heleniastrum, 730 Helenium, 730 Helenium, 720 Helianthemum, 496 Helianthium, 62 Helianthus, 724 Helictonia, 245 Heliomeris, 727 Heliopsis, 722 Heliotropium, 584 Helleborine, 244, 245 Helleborus, 332 Helonias, 217 Helxine, 284, 300 Hemerocallis, 219 Hemicarpha, 152 Hepatica, 337 Heracleum, 531 Heritiera, 230 Hesperis, 363 Heteranthera, 207 Heteromeris, 496 Heuchera, 378 Hexameria, 659 Hibiscus, 490 Hicoria, 253 Hieraciodes, 669 Hieracium, 670 Hierochloa, 88 Ilippon, 567 Hippocastanum, 484 Hipposelinum, 530 Hippuris, 524 Holcus, 68 Homalocenchrus, 87 Honkenya, 320 Hordeum, 127 Horkelia, 204 Hosackia, 442 Hottonia, 558 Houstonia, 640 Hudsonia, 497 Humulus, 281 Hyacinthus, 222 Hydragonium, 549 Hydrangea, 379 HYDRANGEACEAE, 379 Hydrastis, 331 Hydrocharis, 66 HYDROCHARITACEAE, 66 Hydrocotyle, 535 Hydroglossum, 16 Hydropeltis, 327 Hydrophila, 375 HYDROPHYLLACEAE, 582 Hydrophyllum, 582 Hyoseris, 663 HYPERICACEAE, 49I Hypericum, 492 Hyoscyamus, 614 Hypochaeris, 664 Hypoporum, 156 Hypopitys, 544 Hypoxis, 230 Hyssopifolia, 514 Hyssopus, 604 Hystrix, 130 Ibidium, 245 Ilex, 478 ILICACEAE, 478 Ilicioides, 480 Ilysanthes, 622 Impatiens, 464 Imperatia, 326 Imperatoria, 531 Inula, 720 Ionactis, 710 Ionidium, 512 Ionoxalis, 461 Ipomoea, 576 Iria (Iriha), 141 Iridaceae, 232 Iris, 232 Isanthus, 592 Isika ( Isica ), 654 Isnardia, 515 ISOETACEAE, 39 Isoetes, 39 Isopyrum, 333 Isotria, 242 Iva, 674 754 I XI ACEAE, 232 Ixophorns, 94 Jacea, 746 Jacksonia, 373 JASMINACEAE, 562 Jasione, 660 Jeffersonia, 348 JUGLANDACEAE, 253 Juglans, 253 JUNCACEAE, 208 June odes, 215 Juncoides, 215 Juncus, 208 Juniperus, 46 Justicia, 638 Kalxnia, 548 Keraselma , 472 Ketmia, 490 Kickxia, 617 Kneiffia, 520 Kochia, 308 Koeleria, 113 Koellia, 605 Koniga, 355 Kosteletzkya, 491 Kraunhia, 443 Krigia, 663 Krystenia, 682 Labiatae, 591 Lachnanthes, 230 Lacinaria, 682 Lactuca, 667 Ladanum, 597 Lagenaria, 658 LAMIACEAE, 59I Lamium, 598 Lapathum, 287 Laportea, 283 Lappa, 742 Lappula, 585 Lapsana, 663 Larbrea, 314 Larix, 43 Lasierpa, 556 Lathyrus, 453 Lauraeeae, 349 Laurus, 350 Lechea, 497 Lecontia, 202 Lecticula, 634 Ledum, 544 Leersia, 87 Legouzia, 660 Leguminosae, 436 Leimanisa, 567 Lenina, 204 LEMNACEAE, 203 Lens, 456 Lentibulariaceae, 632 Leontodon, 666 Leontodon, 664 Leonurus, 598 INDEX Lepachys, 724 Lepadena, 471 Lepargyraea, 513 Lepida?iche, 579 Lepidanthus, 736 Lepidium, 359 Leptamnium, 636 Leptandra, 626 Leptanthus, 207 Leptasea, 377 Leptilon, 715 Leptochloa, no Leptoloma, 70 Leptophora, 730 Leptophyllum, 319 Leptorchis, 249 Lerchea, 310 Lerchenfeldia, 103 Lespedeza, 449 Leucanthemum, 734 Leucocoma, 142 Leuconymphaea, 330 Leucophysalis, 612 LEUCOJACEAE, 23O Leucojum, 231 Leucosinapis, 370 Leucothoe, 549, 550 Levisticum, 530, 534 Liatris, 682 Ligusticum, 534 Ligustrum, 564 Lilaeopsis, 534 LILIACEAE, 219 Lilium, 220 LIMNANTHACEAE, 465 Limnantliemum, 571 Limnetis, 106 Limnobium, 66 Limnocharis , 66 Limnochloa, 136 Limnorchis, 238 Limodorum, 244 Limonium, 562 Limosella, 623 LINACEAE, 463 Linaria, 616 Linnaea, 650 Linopsis, 463 Linum, 463 Lipandra, 303 Liparis, 249 Liquidambar, 380 Liriodendron, 331 Listera, 247 Lithospermum, 587 Littorella, 640 Lobadium, 476 Lobelia, 661 LOBELIACEAE, 66l Lobularia, 355 Loganiaceae, 365 Lolium, 120 Lonchostylis, 152 Lonicera, 651 Lophanthus, 594 Lophiocarpus, 62 Lophtocarpus, 62 LORANTHACEAE, 284 Lorinseria, 25 Lotus, 441 Loxanthes, 636 Ludwigia, 515 Lunania, 207 Lunaria, 369 Lupinus, 437 Lupularia, 438 Lupulus, 281 Luther a, 663 Luzula, 215 Lychnis, 325 Lycium, 614 Lycopersicon, 614 LY COPODI ACEAE, 35 Lycopodium, 35 Lycopsis, 589 Lycopus, 607 Lygodesmia, 669 Lygodium, 16 Lyonella, 301 Lyonia, 301, 549, 550 Lysias, 239 Lysiella, 239 Lysimachia, 559 Lythraceae, 514 Ly thrum, 514 Machaeranthera, 713 Maclura, 281 Macrocalyx, 583 Macrotrys, 334 Magnolia, 330 MAGNOLIACEAE, 33O Maianthemum, 224, 227 Mairrania, 551 MALACEAE, 408 Malacothrix, 667 Malaxis, 249 Malus, 409 Malva, 489 MALVACEAE, 488 Mariana, 745 Mappia, 606 Mariscus, 154 Marrubium, 594 Marsilea, 32 MARSILEACEAE, 32 Martia, 495 Martynia, 637 MARTYNI ACEAE, 637 Maruta, 733 Matricaria, 695, 734, 735 Matteuccia, 16 Mays, 66 Mayzea, 66 INDEX 755 Meadia, 561 Meclatis, 347 Medeola, 227 Medica, 438 Medicago, 438 Megadenus, 136 Medicula, 438 Megalodonta, 730 Meibomia, 445 Melampyrum, 631 Melandrium, 325 Melanobatus, 400 Melanosinapis , 370 MELANTHACEAE, 217 Melanthium, 219 MELASTOMACEAE, 5 1 5 Melica, 105 Melilotus, 439 Melochia, 491 Melissa, 603 MENYANTHACEAE, 57I Menyanthes, 571 MENISPERMACEAE, 349 Menispermum, 349 Mentha, 608 Merathrepta, 105 Merckia, 321 Mercurialis, 469 Mertensia, 585 Mesadenia, 740 Mespilus, 41 1 Mesoligus, 71 1 Mesynium, 463 Mibora, 101 Micrampelis, 659 Micranthes, 377 Micromeria, 604 Micropetalon, 316 Microstylis, 249 Mikania, 682 Milium, 72 Milium, 89 Millefolium, 732 Mimulus, 620 Minuartia, 319 Miphragles, 109 Mirabilis, 313 Miscanthus, 68 Mitchella, 642 Mitella, 379 Moehringia, 320 Moldavica, 596 Molinia, no Mollugo, 313 Moly, 220 Momordica, 659 Monanthium, 542 Monarda, 601 Moneses, 542 Monolepis, 308 Monotropa, 544 MONOTROPACEAE, 543 MORACEAE, 280 Morelia, 257 Morocarpus, 305 Morns, 280 Mosenthinia, 351 Moulinsia, 90 Muhlenbergia, 91 Mulgedium, 667 Muricauda, 202 Muscari, 222 Myosotis, 586 Myosoton, 314 Myriandra, 492 Myrica, 256 MYRICACEAE, 256 Myriophyllum, 525 Myrrhis, 529, 530 Myrrhodes, 529 Nabalus, 672 NAIADACEAE, 60 Naias, 60 Napus, 370 Nardus, 126 Narcissus, 230 Nardosmia, 739 Nasturtium, 357 Naumburgia, 560 Nazia, 69 Neckeria, 353 Nectris, 465 Negundium, 483 Negundo, 483 Neillia, 384 Nelumbium, 328 Nelumbo, 328 NELUMBONACEAE, 328 Nemexia, 229 Nemopanthus, 480 Neobeckia, 358 Neopieris, 550 Neoroloma, 1 1 6 Nepeta, 595 Neoltia, 251 Nesaea, 514 Neslia, 356 Nevroctola, 114 Nezera, 463 Nicandra, 61 1 Nicotiana, 615 Nigella, 346 Nil, 576 Nintooa, 653 Nonea, 589 Norta, 362 Notholcus, 103 Nothoholcus, 103 Notonema, 97 Nummularia, 560 Numularia, 560 Nuphar, 328 Nuttallia, 480 Nyctaginaceae, 312 Nyctelea, 583 Nycterium, 613 Nymphaea, 328 Nymphaea, 330 NYMPHAEACEAE, 328 Nymphoides, 571 Nymphozanthus, 328 Nyssa, 540 NYSSACEAE, 537 Oakesia, 225, 475 Oakesiella, 225, 748 Obione, 308 Oceanorus, 219 Ocimum, 610 Oclemena, 710 Odonectis, 242 Odontopteris, 16 Odostima, 542 Oenothera, 519 Oenotheraceae, 515 Oldenlandia, 641 Oleaceae, 562 Oligandra, 303 Oligoneuron, 693 Onagra, 519 Onagraceae, 515 Onobrychis, 445 Onoclea, 16 Ononis, 437 Onopordon, 746 Onosmodium, 588 OPHIOGLOSSACEAE, 12 Ophioglossum, 12 Ophioscoridon, 220 Ophrys, 247 Oporinia, 664 Opsantha, 567 Opulaster, 384 Opuntia, 512 OPUNTIACEAE, 512 ORCHIDACEAE, 234 Orchidium, 250 Orchidocarpum, 331 Orchiodes, 248 Orchis, 236 Origanum, 604 Ornithogalum, 222 OROBANCHACEAE, 636 Orobanche, 636 Orontium, 203 Orth ilia, 540 Orthospermum, 306 Orthosporum, 307 Oryzopsis, 89 Osmorhiza, 529 Osmunda, 15 OSMUNDACEAE, 1 5 Osteospermum, 720 Ostrya, 267 OXALIDACEAE, 460 Oxalis, 460 Oxybaphus, 312 Oxydenia, no Oxycoccus, 557 Oxygraphis, 339 756 Oxypolis, 531 Padus, 434 Paederota, 626 Panax, 527 Panctenis, 627 Panicularia, 116 Panicum, 72 Papaver, 350 PAPAVERACEAE, 35O Papilionaceae, 436 Papyrius, 281 Pardanthus, 232 Parietaria, 284 Parillax, 229 Parnassia, 377 PARNASSIACEAE, 277 Paronychia, 31 1 Parsonsia, 315 Parthenocissus, 4S6 Paspalum, 70 Pastinaca, 530 Paulownia, 620 Pavia, 484 Paviana, 484 Pedicellaria, 372 Pedicularis, 630 Pellaea, 30 Peltandra, 202 Peltopsis, 51 Pentagonocarpus, 491 Pentagonia, 660 Pentameris, 105 Pentaphyllum, 387 PENTHORACEAE, 377 Penthorum, 377 Pentstemon, 619 Pepo, 658 Peramium, 248 Periclymenum, 652 Perilla, 610 Periploca, 576 Peritoma, 372 Persicaria, 293 Perularia, 237 Petalostemum, 444 Petasites, 739 PETIVERIACEAE, 31 I Petrorhagia, 326 Petroselinum, 533 Petunia, 615 Phaca, 444 Phacelia, 583 Phaeocephalum, 153 Phanopyrum, 72 Pharbitis, 576 Phalaris, 87 Phasalodes, 61 1 Phaseolus, 457 Phegopteris, 20 Phenianthus, 652 Philadelphus, 380 Philostemon, 4 77 Philotria, 64 INDEX Phleum, 94 Phlomis, 597 Phlox, 580 Phoradendron, 284 Phragmites, 109 Phryma, 638 PHRYMACEAE, 638 Phrynium, 207 Phyllitis, 25 Physalis, 611 Physocarpa, 384 Physostegia, 596 Phytolacca, 31 1 Phytolaccaceae, 31 1 Picea, 43 Picris, 665 Picrococcus, 553 Pilea, 283 Pilo sella, 363 Pimecaria, 256 Pimpinella, 536 PINACEAE, 41 PINGUICULACEAE, 632 Pinguicula, 632 Pinus, 41 Pityopsis, 684 PLANTAGINACEAE, 638 Plantago, 638 PLATANACEAE, 383 Platanus, 383 Platanthera, 239 Pleclocephalus, 747 Pleurolobus, 445 Pleuropterus, 300 Plostaxis, 467 Pluchea, 715 Plumbaginaceae, 562 Pneumaria, 585 Pneumonanthe, 568 Poa, 1 14 POACEAE, 66 Podalyria, 436 PODOPHYLLACEAE, 348 Podophyllum, 348 Podopogon, 90 Podosemum, 91 PODOSTEMACEAE, 374 Podostemon, 374 Pogoblephis, 567 Pogonia, 242 Poinsettia, 473 Polanisia, 373 POLEMONIACEAE, 580 Polemonium, 581 Polycodium, 553 Polygala, 466 POLYGALACEAE, 466 POLYGONACEAE, 286 Polygonastrum, 223 Polygonatum, 226 Polygon ella, 301 Polygonum, 289, 748 Polymnia, 720, 721 Polymniastrum, 720 Polyotus, 575 POLYPODIACEAE, I 6 Polypodium, 31 Polypogon, 97 Polypremum, 565 Polystichum, 19 Pongelion, 466 Pontederia, 207 PONTEDERIACEAE, 207 Populus, 258 Poranthera, 68 Porcelia, 331 Porrum, 220 Potamogeton, 51 Porteranthus, 386 Portulaca, 314 PORTULACACEAE, 3I3 Potamopitys, 495 Potentilla, 387 Poterium, 393 Prenanthes, 672 Primula, 528 PRIMULACEAE, 528 Prinos, 478 Prosartes, 224 Proserpinaca, 524 Prunella, 596 Prunus, 430 Psamma, 103 Psammogonum, 301 Psedera, 486 Pseudoacacia, 443 Pseudorchis, 249 Pseva, 542 Psilocarya, 154 Psoralea, 442 Ptelea, 466 Pteretis, 16 Pteridium, 30 Pteris, 30 Pterospora, 543 Ptileris, 739 Ptilimnium, 536 Puccinellia, 120 Pueraria, 456 Purshia, 588 Pycnanthemum, 605 Pyrethrum, 734, 735 Pyrola, 540 PYROLACEAE, 54O Pyrus, 409 Quamoclit, 576 Queria, 31 1 Quercus, 273 Quinaria, 486 Quinquefolium, 387 Radicula, 357 Raimannia, 520 Ramium, 283 Ramischia, 540 RANUNCULACEAE, 33I Ranunculus, 338 INDEX 757 Raphanus, 371 Rapistrum, 357 Rapuntium, 661 Ratibida, 724 Razoumofskya, 284 Reboulea, 112 Rensselaeria, 202 Reseda, 373 RESEDACEAE, 373 Rhamnaceae, 484 Rhamnus, 484 Rhexia, 515 Rbinanthus, 631 Rhodiola, 375 Rhododendron, 547 Rhodora, 546 Rhus, 475 Ribes, 380 Ribesium, 380 Ricinocarpus, 469 Ricinus, 470 Ridania, 727 Robertiella, 458 Robertium, 458 Robinia, 443 Rochelia, 585 Roripa, 357 Rosa, 405 ROSACEAE, 387 Roscyna, 492 RotaJa, 514 Roubieva, 307 Rubacer, 397 Rubia, 642 RUBIACEAE, 64O Rubus, 397 Rudbeckia, 722 Rulac, 483 Rumex, 286 Ruppia, 59 RUTACEAE, 465 Ruyschiana, 596 Rynchospora, 153 Sabbatia, 566 Sabina, 46 Sabulina, 319 Sagina, 318 Sagittaria, 63 SALICACEAE, 258 SALICARIACEAE, 5I4 Salicornia, 309 Salix, 262 Salsola, 31 1 Salvia, 600 Salvinia, 32 SALVINIACEAE, 32 Sambucus, 646 Samolus, 558 Sanguinaria, 351 Sanguisorba, 393 Sanicula, 528 SANTALACEAE, 285 Santolina, 736 SAPINDACEAE, 484 Saponaria, 326 Sarothamnus, 438 Sarothra, 494 Sarracenia, 373 SARRACENACEAE, 373 Sassafras, 349 Satureia, 603 SAURURACEAE, 253 Saururus, 253 Savastana, 88 SAXIFRAGACEAE, 377 Saxifraga, 377 Scabiosa, 658 Scandix , 530 Schedonorus, 12 1 Scheuchzeria, 61 SCHEUCHZERIACEAE, 6l Schizachyrium, 67 SCHIZAEACEAE, l6 Schizonotus, 385 Schizotheca, 308 Schmaltzia, 476 Schoenus, 153 Schollera, 208, 557 Schrankia, 357 Schrebera, 578 Schwalbea, 630 Scirpus, 144 Scleranthus, 212 Scleria, 155 Scolopendrium, 25 Scorzoneroides, 664 Scrophularia, 618 SCROPHULARIACEAE, 615 Scutellaria, 592 Secale, 128 SEDACEAE, 375 Sedum, 375 Selaginella, 38 SELAGINELLACEAE, 38 Selinum, 531 Sempervivum, 376 Senebiera, 360 Senecio, 740 Senega, 467 Serapias, 244 Sericocarpus, 696 Sericrostis, 91 Serpicula, 65 Serrafalcus, 123 Serratula, 683 Serratula, 683 Sertula, 439 Sesamum, 638 Sesbania, 443 Sesuvium, 313 Setachna, 746 Setaria, 84 Setiscapella, 635 S exilia, 467 Shepherdia, 513 Sherardia, 646 Shortia, 364 Sibbaldiopsis, 390 Sicyoides, 659 Sicyos, 659 Sida, 489 Sideranthus, 684 Sieboldia, 347 Sieglingia, 109 Sieversia, 397 Silene, 323 Siliquastrum, 435 Silphium, 721 Silybum, 745 SIMAROUBACEAE, 466 Sinapis, 370 Sinapistrum, 370, 372 Siphisia, 286 Siraitos, 2\y Sison, 530, 533, 535 Sisymbrion, 360 Sisymbrium, 358 Sisyrinchium, 233 Sium, 536 SMILACEAE, 229 Smilacina, 223 Smilax, 229 Smyrnium, 532, 533 SOLANACEAE, 6ll Solanum, 613 Solea, 512 Solidago, 684 Solomonia, 226 Sonchus, 666 Sophia, 361 Sophora, 436 Sorbaria, 385 Sorghastrum, 68 Sorbus, 408 Sorghum, 68 SPARGANIACEAE, 48 Sparganium, 48 Spartina, 106 Spartium, 438 Spathyema, 203 Specularia, 660 Spergula, 321 Spergulastrum, 314 Spergularia, 321 Sphaerocarpus, 356 Sphenopholis, 112 SPIGELIACEAE, 565 Spiraea, 384 SPIRAEACEAE, 384 Spiranthes, 245 Spirillus, 51 Spirocarpus, 438 Spirodela, 203 SPONDIACEAE, 475 Sporobolus, 95 Stachys, 598 Staphylea, 481 STAfHYLEACEAE, 481 Statice, 562 75§ Steinchisma, 72 Steironema, 560 Stellaria, 314 Stellaria, 473 Stellularia, 314 Slenophragma , 366 Stenopfayllus, 140 Stipa, 90 Stomoisia, 635 Streptachne, 90 Streptopus, 225 Strobus, 41 Strophostyles, 457 Struthiopteris, 16 Stylipus, 395 Stylosanthes, 445 Styrandra, 224 Suaeda, 310 Succisa, 658 Succuta, 578 Sunania, 293 Svida, 537 Swertia, 370 Symphoria, 650 Symphoricarpos, 650 Symphytum, 588 Symplocarpus, 203 Syndesmon, 338 Synosma, 740 Syns'.ima, 478 Syntherisma, 69 Syringa, 562 Tabernaemontana , 571 Taenidia, 533 Tagetes, 732 TAMACEAE, 23I Tanacetum, 736 Taraxacum, 666 Tasoba, 299 TAXACEAE, 47 Taxus, 47 Tecoma, 637 Tephrosia, 442 Ternatea, 455 TETRAGONIACEAE, 3I3 Tetragonanthus, 570 Tetragonia, 313 Teucrium, 591 Thalesia, 636 Thalictrodes, 334 Thalictrum, 345 Thaspium, 532 Thelaia, 341 Thelypteris, 20 Thesium, 285 Thlaspi, 360 Thuja, 45 Thymeleaceae, 513 Thymus, 604 Tiarella, 378 Tiedemannia, 531 Tilia, 487 TILIACEAE, 487 INDEX Tillaea, 373 Tillaeastrum, 373 Tiniaria, 298 Tipularia, 251 Tissa, 321 Tithymalopsis, 471 Tithymalus, 472 Tofieldia, 217 Tordylium, 529 Torilis, 529 Tormentilla, 387 Torresia, 88 Tovar a, 293 Tovaria, 223 Toxicodendron, 475 Toxylon, 281 Tracaulon, 299 Trachynotia, 106 Trachysperma, 571 Tradescantia, 207 Tragopogon, 665 Tragus, 69 Trapa, 524 TRAPACEAE, 524 Tretorrhiza, 566 Triadenum, 495 Triantha, 217 Trianthella, 217 Trianthema, 313 Tribulus, 465 Trichelostylis, 141 Triclisperma, 466 Trichodium, 97 Trichoon, 109 Trichophyllum, 135 Trichostema, 592 Tricuspis, 109 Tridens, 109 Tridophyllum, 387 Trientalis, 561 Trifolium, 440 Triglochin, 61 Trigonella, 442 TRILLIACEAE, 22 7 Trillium, 277 Triodanis, 660 Triodia, 109 Triodon, 153 Trionum, 490 Triorchis, 245 Triosteum, 649 Triplasis, 109 Tripsacum, 66 Triphora, 243 Tripolium, 71 1 Trisiola, 114 Trisetum, 104 Triticum, 128 Trixostis, 90 Trollius, 332 Tsuga, 44 Tuckermania, 475 Tulipastrum, 330 Tunica, 326 Turpinia, 476 Turritis, 365 Tursitis, 617 Tussaca, 248 Tussilago, 739 Typha, 48 TYPHACEAE, 48 Typhoides, 87 Udora, 65 Ulex, 437 ULMACEAE, 278 Ulmaria, 386 Ulmus, 278 Umsema, 207 Umbelliferae, 528 Unamia, 710 Uncasia, 680 Unifolium, 224 Uniola, 114 Unisema, 207 Uralepsis, 109 Uraspermum, 529 Urtica, 282 URTICACEAE, 282 Urticastrum, 283 Utricularia, 632 Utriculariacsae, 632 Uvaria, 331 Uva-ursi, 551 Uvularia, 225 Vaccaria, 326 VACCINIACEAE, 552 Vaccinium, 554 Vagnera, 223 Valeriana, 655 VALERI ANACEAE, 655 Valerian ella, 656 V alidallium, 220 Vallisneria, 65 VALLISNERIACEAE, 64 Vaseya, 91 Veratrum, 219 Verbascum, 615 Verbena, 590 VERBENACEAE, 59O Verbesina, 722 Vernix, 477 Vemonia, 677 Veronica, 623 Veronicastrum, 626 Vesiculina, 634 Viburnum, 647 Vicia, 452 Vigna, 458 Vilfa, 97 Villaris, 471 Villarsia, 571 Vinca, 572 Vincetoxicum, 575 Viola, 499 violaceae, 499 Viorna, 347 INDEX 759 Virea, 664 Virga-Aurea, 684 vitaceae, 485 Vitis, 485 Vitis-ideae, 553 Vleckia, 594 Vulpia, 12 1 Vulvaria, 303 Waldsteinia, 395 Warnera, 331 Washingtonia, 529 Weigela, 654 Wiestia, 667 Willughbaea, 682 Windsoria, 109 Wisteria, 443 Wolfia, 204 Woodsia, 17 Woodwardia, 24 Xanthium, 675 Xanthorrhiza, 333 Xanthoxalis, 461 Xanthoxylum, 465 Xerobotrys, 551 Xolemia, 568 Xolisma, 550 Xylosteon, 652 Xylosteum, 652 XYRIDACEAE, 205 Xyris, 205 Zannichellia, 59 ZANNICHELLIACEAE, 51 Zanthoxylum, 465 Zea, 66 Zenobia, 549 Zerna, 123 Zizania, 86 Zizia, 533 Zornia, 596 Zostera, 61 ZOSTERACEAE, 6l Zosterella, 208 Zygadenus, 218 ZYGOPHYLLACEAE, 465 ) ^ ' / ) V \ ■> New York Botanical Garden Library QK129.H59C.3 gen House, Homer Dolive/Annotated list of th 3 5185 00127 0758 \