NY » Pit 
SRR 


/ 
i 


ce) 


yas 
aC 


¥ 


¥y 


j 
A 
\ 


Hh 


I , W 
M4 at to 
py) i 
idl dé 
eRe (alee 


mre 


= 
Sos 


te 


2 =? 


See 
= 


7 Er i \ nak 
cplen a ear: 


| ys 
» 
» © 
iy 
a : 
te 
a 


n j 


MAR 2 - 


AN ANNOTATED TRANSLATION OF THE PART OF 
SCHWEINITZ’S TWO PAPERS: GIVING THE 
RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 


By J. C. ARTHUR anp G. R. BISBY. 
(Read April 13, 1917.) 


Lewis David von Schweinitz was elected to membership in the 
American Philosophical Society in 1817, one hundred years ago. 
He was at the time a resident of Salem, North Carolina, a talented 
man of forceful character, secretary of the Moravian Missions of 
North America, and with one important botanical work to his credit. 
In 1805 there had been published in Leipzig a volume describing the 
fungi about Niesky,? a town of Saxony (later of Prussia), being the 
joint product of teacher and pupil during Schweinitz’s four years’ 
college course. The plates of the volume, with more than a hundred 
figures, were drawn, engraved and colored by Schweinitz, and much 
of the text bears the impress of his labor and judgment. 

After five years of college teaching subsequent to his gradua- 
tion, and five additional years in the ministry, he returned to 
America as general agent of the Moravian church in the Southern 
States, and became the pioneer mycologist of the New World. He 
was the only mycologist in the United States who added materially 
to the literature of mycology during the half century following his 
recognition by the American Philosophical Society. His magnus 
opus, which was truly a colossal work for the times, no less a work 
than a systematic account of the known fungi of North America, 

1 The papers referred to are the following: 

“Synopsis fungorum Caroline superioris secundum _ observationes,” 
Schriften Nat. Ges., Leipzig, 1: 20-131. 1822. The rusts on pp. 65-75. 

“ Synopsis fungorum in America Boreali.media degentium secundum ob- 


servationes,” Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 4: 141-316. 1832. The rusts on 
pp. 208, 209, 290-207, 306-314. 
2 Albertini & Schweinitz, “Conspectus fungorum in Lusatie superioris 
agro Niskiensi crescentium,” pp. 376, pl. col. 12. Lipsiz, 1805. 
PROC. AMER, PHIL. SOC. LVII. M, JULY 16, IgI8. 
Reprinted from Proceedings American Philosophical Society, Vol. lvti., ror8 


174 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


with nearly 4,000 species and 250 genera, was presented to the scien- 
tific world through the Transactions of the American Philosophical 
Society, having been transmitted to the Society April 15, 1831, and 
issued in printed form about a year later. It is usually spoken of as 
a “Synopsis of North American Fungi” from the secondary title 
used at the top of the pages. 

It seems, therefore, especially fitting that on the centennial anni- 
versary of Schweinitz’s election to membership, the Society should 
take cognizance of his eminent and invaluable services to science, 
encouraged and aided as they were by the Society’s approval. 

No second attempt has followed Schweinitz’s effort to present 
a full survey of the fungous flora of North America until recently, 
when the “ North American Flora,” to include all classes of plants 
from the highest to the lowest, was projected and supported by the 
New York Botanical Garden. In this work the fungi are to occupy 
ten or more imperial octavo volumes, and the text is to be supplied 
by many specialists. One volume is to contain the Uredinales, or 
rusts, and its preparation has been intrusted to the senior writer of 
this article, aided by the junior writer and other mycologists. In 
pursuance of this work it has become necessary to know definitely 
the extent of the contribution to the subject made by Schweinitz, an 
amount so considerable in fact that his name is encountered by the 
systematic student of the American rusts in much the same way that 
the name of Linnzeus is encountered by the student of the flowering 
plants. The result of the detailed examination of the specimens in 
the Schweinitz herbarium, now deposited with the Academy of 
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and the interpretation of his pub- 
lished account in the light of this study of his original material, are 
presented to the Society in the following annotated translation from 
the Latin into English of that portion of Schweinitz’s works pertain- 
ing to the rusts. 

In Schweinitz’s day the rusts were not recognized as a distinctive 
and sharply defined group of fungi, as they now are, but were to 
some extent classed with other fungi occurring on living or languish- 
ing hosts. They are all of microscopic size, but usually produce 
some characteristic discoloration or hypertrophy of the substratum, 
which aids in making them noticeable. In a few instances these 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 175 


changes in the host amount to conspicuous alterations that attract 
the casual observer, as in the case of “cedar apples,” and all the 
more so because the distortions are often accompanied by brilliant 
coloration. 

For the study of these small objects Schweinitz was dependent 
upon lenses of poor definition and no considerable magnification. 
His chief instrument was undoubtedly the pretentious one now in 
the possession of his grandson, the eminent oculist of Philadelphia, 
Dr. Geo. de Schweinitz.? This is still in almost or quite as good 
condition as when purchased probably some time prior to 1817. It 
was evidently one of the best instruments to be had at that period. 
As was pointed out in an early paper pertaining to the rusts, the 
first published on the subject by the senior author,* a magnification 
of dry spores amounting to seventy-five diameters will give an ap- 
pearance answering to the most detailed parts of Schweinitz’s diag- 
noses. It is considered by Shear & Stevens,*® who kindly loaned to 
the writers during the preparation of this paper copies of their 
manuscripts embodying results of researches pertaining to Schwei- 
nitz’s scientific labors and collections, that Schweinitz had to deal 
with a greater handicap than low magnification in his microscopic 
work. They find that the lack of spherical and chromatic correc- 
tion of the lenses and the poor illumination must have resulted in 
decidedly inferior definition. 

But in many cases it is clear that Schweinitz drew up the descrip- 
tions of his new species without making use of this instrument. 
He doubtless had some form of hand lens, although considerable 
inquiry has failed to reveal any present trace of sucha glass. Even 
a simple hand lens seems not to have been used at times, and in 
general much dependence was placed upon the gross appearance 
and the changes wrought in the host. 

It would be interesting to know what facilities in the way of 
books were possessed by Schweinitz. Probably his botanical 

3 The instrument was kindly loaned by Dr. de Schweinitz for display 


before the Society at the presentation of this paper, and is illustrated by 
Shear and Stevens in Mycologia for July, 1917. 

* Arthur, “ The Interpretation of Schweinitzian and Other Early Descrip- 
tions,” Amer. Nat., 17: 77-78, Jan., 1883. 

5 Mycologia, 9: 195, 1917. 


176 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


library was not large, but what works it contained can only be in- 
ferred. There are no records, of books having been given to the 
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia or to the American 
Philosophical Society, and no such books are now in possession of 
his descendants. In a letter to the senior author, dated December 
2, 1916, the Rev. Dr. Paul de Schweinitz, secretary of missions of 
the Moravian Church now living at Bethlehem, Pa., says that his 
grandfather who died in 1834 “left four sons, the oldest of whom 
[Emil] was only eighteen. The presumption would naturally be 
that when his widow died twenty-four years afterward [in 1858] 
his [botanical] books would have been divided among the sons, but 
I do not recall seeing any in my father’s library. My father 
[Robert] was the last of his four sons to die.” The widow of the 
third son, Mrs. Edmund de Schweinitz, is still living in Philadelphia 
and graciously received Dr. C. L. Shear and the senior author on 
the evening of February 5, 1917, but did not recall having ever seen 
any of Schweinitz’s botanical books. 

It is probable that the current works of Pursh, Michaux, Nuttall, 
Darlington, Bartram, Torrey, Barton, Muhlenberg,and other American 
botanists of the time were at his disposal in studying the flowering 
plants. Of these doubtless Barton’s “Flora of Philadelphia” 
(1818), but above all Muhlenberg’s “ Catalogue” (1813, 2d edition 
in 1818) and Torrey’s writings were in constant use. Although 
Amos Eaton, of Yale College, published a “ Manual of Botany ” in 
1818, with successive editions until 1840, it does not appear to have 
been his guide in matters of nomenclature. 

There were no American works on fungi at the time Schweinitz 
was most active in preparing his important contributions. Naturally 
he brought to this country the knowledge and many of the books 
which had aided in making the “ Conspectus of Fungi about Niesky,” 
prepared by himself and his teacher, Albertini, a work of standard 
value. In that work, as well as in the Carolina list he followed 
Persoon very closely as his model, and did not think it advisable to 
attempt any marked deviation from what he considered an authori- 
tative nomenclature and systematic arrangement. In 1825 Link’s 
treatment of the Hyphomycetes and Gymnomycetes for Willdenow’s 
edition of the “Species Plantarum” became available, and received 
Schweinitz’s full indorsement. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 177 


Among the innovations introduced by Link and adopted by 
Schweinitz in his later work was the use of the genus Coma to in- 
clude what had before passed under the genera Uredo, A:cidium, 
Peridermium, etc. These older genera were only half ingested, 
however, and a sort of double generic name was made, that is, the 
genus and subgenus were used together: it was Ceoma (Uredo), 
Ceoma (A:cidium), etc. But this proved too clumsy for general 
use,and we find Schweinitz constantly reverting to the older nomen- 
clature in his comments, as under 2887, Ceoma (A2cidium) lumi- 
natum, he speaks of “this Atcidium,” not of this C@oma, or of this 
Ceoma (4icidium). Link’s genus Ceoma never found much sup- 
port, and eventually fell into disuse, although the older application 
of the name as a genus coordinate with Uredo, Acidium, etc., is 
still in favor, these names in the most modern usage constituting 
form-genera. In the list of species placed by Schweinitz at the end 
of the volume, as those first detected by him in America, he lists 
Ecidium, Ceratites and Peridermium with initial rank, each with 
Ceoma as subgenus, leaving Ceoma as a genus to include only the 
one subgenus, Uredo, thus indicating some revolt, or at least incli- 
nation to deviate from Link’s method. That the form of name 
given in the final list was no careless indexing but the conclusion of 
mature judgment seems certain from the use of one of these names 
in the description of 2932, P. investita, where he speaks of “ Acidium 
gnaphalitatum,” the name in the final list, and not of Ceoma Gnaph- 
aliatum, as given in the body of the work under 2873. 

Another unfortunate innovation by Link faithfully adopted by 
Schweinitz was the change of specific names having the form of a 
proper noun, usually in the genitive singular, to the form of an ad- 
jective. Thus cidium Galii became Ceoma galiatum, A. Ber- 
beridis became C. berberidatum, A. Viole became C. violatum, and 
so on for a dozen or so well-known names, and to this list Schwei- 
nitz added many more, 7. e., Ceoma pyrolatum, C. hepaticatum, C. 
myricatum, C. dracontionatum, C. houstoniatum, C. pedatatum, C. 
clematitatum, C. helianthatum, C. trachelifoliatum and eighteen or 
twenty more, all of them again listed under “ AEcidium (Czoma)” 
at the end of the volume. These changes with few exceptions were 
made under the genus Ceoma. Link changed a few specific proper 


178 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


names under the genus Puccinia from the singular to the plural, 
thus P. Galii became P. Galiorum, P. Pruni-spinose became P. Pru- 
norum, P. Viole became P. Violarum, etc., and in this was imitated 
to some extent by Schweinitz as in the change of Puccinia Helianthi 
to P. Helianthorum. 

All these changes were with the clear intent of making the name 
more accurately and fully represent the facts pertaining to the 
species. It was an attempt to carry out the idea that still persisted 
from pre-Linnzan times, that the name should embody some char- 
acteristics of the thing named, and in so far as a binomial name per- 
mitted, be descriptive. It was logical, consequently, to bring the 
name down to date, and upon ascertaining that the rust on Prunus 
was not confined to one species of Prunus, as at first supposed, but 
occurred on more than one, to change the name from Puccinia 
Pruni-spinose to P. Prunorum, and similarly so for other cases. 
The same result was even better attained by using a generalized ad- 
jective form for the specific name. It must be borne in mind that 
DeCandolle’s dictum that the first name given to a species was the 
only legitimate name and should not be changed because found to 
be inappropriate had only been stated in 1813, and had received no 
general adherence, certainly not by German authors. 

Along with the belief in descriptive names went the prevalent 
idea of the nature of species. Species were treated as concepts. 
This accounts for Schweinitz’s insistence that when Link transfers 
one of Schweinitz’s species to another genus and also changes the 
specific name in accordance with reasons just stated, or any other, 
it is Schweinitz and not Link who should be cited for the new form 
of the name. Schweinitz established A:cidium Caladii, and Link 
changed the name to Ceoma (4:cidium) aroidatum, yet Schweinitz 
places his initials after the latter name to indicate that it is his 
species (1. e., his concept), and not Link’s species. And so it comes 
that the names first published by Link, Ceoma luminatum, Puccinia 
aculeata, Podisoma macropus, and many others, founded upon 
Schweinitz’s earlier descriptions of species differently named, are 
followed by the initials of Schweinitz in his later work. 

The collection of Schweinitz’s fungi at his death in 1834, was 
left to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Each 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 179 


specimen was preserved in a paper packet, made by folding over the 
sides of a sheet of paper until they touched or somewhat over- 
lapped, then folding over the ends in the same manner and in the 
same direction. On the back of the packet an autographic record 
was made in ink. When a change was necessitated in the label by 
the adoption of Link’s nomenclature, or for other reasons, in many 
cases the packet was not discarded, but refolded inside out and the 
data replaced in the new form on the back. This conservative prac- 
tice, doubtless adopted merely as a convenience in handling, has 
given a chronological record that has often proved of much value 
when studying the original material, as showing changes in Schwei- 
nitz’s views regarding the best form of the name or the identity of 
the material. The packets were of no uniformity in size, but varied 
from about three by six centimeters or smaller up to six by ten cen- 
timeters, and a few still larger. 

Some thirty or forty of these packets were placed loosely in 
large envelopes, folded in a similar manner to 22 by 38 centimeters 
from heavy steel-blue paper, and a list of the species inclosed writ- 
ten on the back. Three to five of these envelopes according to bulk 
were put into a pasteboard portfolio of the same size and seven or 
eight centimeters in thickness, and tied with tape, the back being 
lettered with the consecutive number and the genus represented. 
The whole collection was contained in 39 portfolios, making a series 
of shelf volumes in outward appearance resembling a set of the 
modern bound fungi exsiccati. All the fungi were placed in one 
series, the European, North American and Surinam specimens 
being intermixed. 

The part of Schweinitz’s work on North American Fungi with 
which this paper has to deal is with the exception of eight species 
comprised under the two genera Ceoma and Puccinia. The mate- 
rial under Ceoma, both American and European, occupies the five 
envelopes in portfolio no. 38, and embraces 243 packets, of which 
considerably more than half are now empty. The material under 
Puccinia occupies two of the envelopes in portfolio no. 39, and 
embraces 84 packets, more than half being empty. Altogether 
under Ceoma and Puccinia 178 collections are European, 130 being 
without specimens, 18 are from Surinam, 3 without specimens, and 


180 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


131 are North American, 60 without specimens, making a total of 
327 packets, of which 193 are empty. 

So far as the North American material in the portfolios is con- 
cerned, it is only the surplus after a suitable part had been removed 
for mounting. The Schweinitz collections representing his work 
on the North American Fungi, were mounted by Dr. Ezra Michener 
mostly during the years 1856 and 1857. As pointed out by Shear & 
Stevens (Mycologia, 9: 337. 1917) the packages of fungi and the 
mounting material were sent by the Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia to Dr. Michener, the work being done at his home in 
New Garden, Pa. Even at that time some of the packets were empty, 
as in a letter to Rev. M. A. Curtis Dr. Michener says: “I have been 
grieved to find a number of the envelopes either missing or empty.” 
They were doubtless essentially in the same condition when they 
came into the possession of the Academy some twenty years before. 
From a letter written to Dr. John Torrey by Schweinitz shortly 
after his return from Europe in 1819 we learn that he had taken 
a full set of specimens illustating his new species together with a 
list of his American fungi abroad with him and left them with Dr. 
Schwagerichen at Leipzig. This was the North Carolina list printed 
not long afterward at Leipzig under the editorship of Dr. Schwager- 
ichen. It is not known whether or not these specimens are yet in 
existence. Taking out this set may have nearly or quite exhausted 
his supply in some instances. Specimens were also sent to no less 
than fourteen individuals and herbaria according to Shear & 
Stevens,° among them being his correspondents at Upsala, Kew, 
Edinburgh, Paris, Berlin, Vienna and elsewhere, which doubtless 
drew heavily upon his material at times. 

So far as concerns the part of the collections examined by the 
writers it seems that Schweinitz was usually in the habit of making 
but a single collection to represent a species and when he observed 
the same species in another locality he merely added the new local- 
ity on the outside of the packet. In a few cases he preserved col- 
lections, made by himself or sent to him by others, illustrating dif- 
ferent hosts, as of 2826 Ceoma (Uredo) Solidaginis. Occasion- 
ally he appears to have replenished an exhausted packet by a later 


6 Mycologia, 9: 333, 1917. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 181 


collection as under 2930 Puccinia Asteris, the packet says “on Aster 
paniculatus” but contains only material on A. cordifolius. In rare 
instances he may have placed a second collection of what he believed 
to be the same form in a packet still having some of the original 
collection. In most cases, however, the specimens now to be found 
in the packets appear to represent Schweinitz’s first American col- 
lection of that form. And so it comes around that when a species 
had first been found in North Carolina and subsequently found in 
Pennsylvania or elsewhere the material preserved to represent it 
generally is the North Carolina collection. This is a most fortu- 
nate situation, as the specimen is thus the type for the earlier of 
Schweinitz’s names, when a change was made in the latter work. 
The present priority rules require the use of the earliest specific 
name which in the present connection is a name usually much to be 
preferred for its brevity and aptness. 

The fungi from North America in the portfolios as presented 
by Schweinitz to the Philadelphia Academy were labelled in ac- 
cordance with his work on North American Fungi, and in large part 
constituted the basis for that work. Under the genera Ceoma and 
Puccinia only one North American specimen occurs not mentioned 
in his published account. It is labelled “ 4cidium Dircatatum Ind.,” 
and must have been collected upon his visit to Hope, Indiana, where 
he went to organize a church. This was in the summer of 1831 
and doubtless too late to have the name placed in his manuscript. 
The packet contains three leaves of Dirca, 5 by 7.5 cm., 4 by 8.5 cm., 
and 5 by 6 cm., the last with part of each end removed, each leaf 
bearing a single small group of ecia. 

Besides the specimens which Schweinitz carried abroad, and 
those sent to his European correspondents as mentioned above, 
many were sent to his American correspondents, and especially to 
his intimate friend, Dr. Torrey. The last were finally given by 
Torrey either to Curtis and are now in the Herb. Curtis at Harvard 
University, or to Berkeley, and are now in the Kew Herbarium. 
After the collection came into possession of the Philadelphia Acad- 
emy portions of specimens were removed by Curtis for purpose of 
study during a seventeen-day visit in 1851 (Shear & Stevens, 
Mycologia, 9:335), part of which were transmitted to Berkeley. 


182 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Not long afterward the Academy arranged with Dr. Michener to 
place the collection in a more secure and accessible form, Curtis 
having been largely instrumental in bringing this about. 

In mounting the collection a representative portion, or all when 
the material was scanty, was taken from each packet and glued to 
uniform slips of white writing paper 8 by 10 cm., on which tne 
number, name, and source were written as given in the North Amer- 
ican Fungi (see cut under no. 2881). In some cases the material 
was placed in paper packets that were glued to the slips. These 
mounts were consecutively arranged by pinning them to the inner 
page of folded sheets of brown paper, and the sheets placed in 
heavy board portfolios. The portfolios, 12 altogether, are 26 by 
36 cm. and tied with tape. There are 85 mounts under the genus 
Ceoma, of which five are smuts, and some others belong to non- 
uredinalean species, as stated under the several numbers in the sys- 
tematic account which follows. There are in addition 6 mounts 
representing rusts, two under Spheria, one under Seiridium, one 
under Gymnosporangium, and two under Podisoma. The whole 
genus Puccimia is unrepresented. 

When the senior author was preparing to make his first visit 
to the Academy for the purpose of examining some of the types in 
the Schweinitz collection, he learned from Mr. W. C. Stevenson, 
Jr. (in letter dated Oct. 19, 1898), a member of the Academy, that 
part of the mounted collection had disappeared. Few persons 
had been critically interested in rusts in the recent years, and it 
was easy to ascertain that none of them had knowledge of the 
whereabouts of the missing specimens. No one then belonging to 
the Academy could give any information. It was generally be- 
lieved that the missing sheets would eventually be found in the 
herbarium rooms of the Academy. However, a subsequent search 
failed to bring the missing material to light. The researches of 
Shear & Stevens regarding the history of the Schweinitz fungi 
have shown quite conclusively (Mycologia, 9:340. 1917) that the 
material representing nos. 2905-2946 embracing Puccima and some 
subsequent genera, was mounted by Michener and that the mounted 
part must have disappeared later. The original packets are still in 
their envelopes in the portfolios. Fortunately there is some ma- 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 183 


terial af Schweinitz’s forty-two numbers under Puccinia in the 
autographic packets and also in other herbaria. Dr. Farlow states 
that 32 of these numbers are represented in the Herb. Curtis at 
Harvard University and Dr. Shear writes that there are 37 in the 
Michener collection at Washington. 

The senior author has consulted the part of the Schweinitz col- 
lection containing the rusts a number of times between 1899 and 
1917, for a few hours or a few days each time, as other duties de- 
manding a visit to Philadelphia or nearby cities permitted. The 
first visit of three hours’ duration was on Feb. 17, 1899, and a second 
one of about the same length of time on Aug. 4, 1900. At this 
second visit the impossibility of satisfactorily deciding upon the 
identity of many of the collections without better microscopic facili- 
ties and more time than could be hoped for while in Philadelphia 
was forced into prominence. A bit from an ample specimen, such 
as would furnish a few spores for examination under the micro- 
scope, could be carried away when the need was great, without a 
feeling of having done harm to this precious historical collection, 
but many specimens were too meager for such liberties. About a 
score of specimens of the unmounted material were selected at this 
time which most needed study and a request left to have them sent 
to Lafayette, Indiana, for more careful examination. But the 
authorities of the Academy had become wary, their attention having 
been called recently to the mysterious hiatus in the mounted set, 
including the important genus Puccinia, and had decreed a general 
ban on all loans. It was not until 1915 that the regulations were 
so far modified that the privilege was obtained to study these speci- 
mens microscopically for a few days in April of that year at the 
laboratory in Lafayette. 

During the four days of December 28-31, 1903, many hours 
were spent in consulting the collection, at which time the senior 
author was assisted by Dr. Frank D. Kern, and again much study 
was given the collection during the five days of December 28, 1914, 
to January I, 1915, assisted by Dr. F. D. Fromme. The senior 
author also consulted the collection on February 5-12, and April 
11-14, 1917, Dr. C. L. Shear being present part of the time during 
the April period and giving valuable assistance in interpreting the 


184 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


data. A few hours of study were also given on other dates not 
now definitely in mind. In order to verify and complete the mass 
of information secured in this fragmentary manner the authorities 
of the Academy, upon presentation of the situation by Dr. Witmer 
Stone, the acting curator, most generously transmitted all of port- 
folio 38 and 39 of the original set, and the final portfolio of the 
mounted set. These were received in Lafayette, Ind., the latter part 
of April, 1917, and returned the latter part of February, 1918, in 
exactly the same condition as when received. Owing to this in- 
valuable opportunity for verification it is believed that the statistics 
given in the following account are accurate within the limits of ordi- 
nary error. 

It has been the privilege of the senior author to examine many 
collections of micro-fungi, and he can say advisedly that the 
Schweinitz collection shows great care in its labelling and arrange- 
ment, and considering the vicissitudes of practically a hundred years, 
in which the requirements of correspondents, the need of transmit- 
ting specimens for examination, the later consultations by visiting 
mycologists, the ravages of insects and the accidents incident to 
handling by attendants, is in a remarkably good state of preserva- 
tion. The packets would have been somewhat more secure, if they 
had been folded after the modern manner by overlapping the edges 
more and folding the ends in the reverse direction from that of the 
sides. But as it is, there is little evidence that specimens have been 
lost out, or intermixed to any harmful extent. To insure further 
protection and facilitate examination in the future the senior author 
in February, 1917, after consultation with Dr. Shear? and Dr. Wit- 
mer Stone, placed each packet still containing any material, found 
in the seven large gray envelopes marked Ceoma and Puccima, 
whether American or foreign, into small manila envelopes and 
wrote the name on the front. Of the 140 numbers in the North 
American list under the genera Ceoma (exclusive of the subgenera 
Albugo and Ustilago), Puccinia, Phragmidium, Podisoma and Gym- 
nosporangium, 103 are represented at this date by specimens in the 

7Dr. Shear, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C., and 
the senior author are members of a committee from the American Phytopath- 


ological Society to give whatever assistance may be possible in the preserva- 
tion of the Schweinitz Herbarium. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 185 


collection at Philadelphia, either in the original autographic packets 
‘or mounted. Of the additional species of rusts, two under the 
genus Spheria and two under Seiridium, there are three represented 
by specimens. 

The careful and conscientious work of Schweinitz is further 
evident in the identification and naming of his material. This can 
be shown by examination of the species which Schweinitz consid- 
ered to be new, and to which he attached his initials. In the North 
Carolina list there are 45 such species under the genera Acidiwm, 
Uredo (exclusive of the subgenera Albugo and Ustilago), Puccinia 
and Gymnosporangium, and of these only one was wholly misun- 
derstood, nine are still accepted under the full names given by 
Schweinitz, twenty-one still have the same specific name but are 
placed under other genera and fourteen only have the name wholly 
suppressed under synonymy. In the North American list there are 
88 names followed by the initials of Schweinitz under the genera 
Ceoma (exclusive of the subgenera Albugo and Ustilago), Puc- 
cima, Phragnudium, Gymnosporangium and Podisoma. Only four 
of these species were misunderstood and erroneously placed, while 
twelve are still accepted as named, twenty-four still retain their 
specific names under other genera, and forty-eight have the whole 
name relegated to synonymy. The discarding of over half of the 
new names found in the later work is largely due to Schweinitz’s 
replacement of earlier names by others conforming to Link’s new 
methods, as already explained, which made them untenable accord- 
ing to the present requirements of priority. The above showing is 
as good as can be found in most lists of rusts by recent mycologists, 
so rapid are the mutations in nomenclature of this group of fungi. 
In general it shows that Schweinitz made comparatively few mis- 
takes in the identification of his material, and in naming tried very 
commendably to follow the most progressive and authoritative 
methods as then understood. At the present time the two or three 
dissimilar stages which many rusts exhibit are included under one 
name, while formerly they were placed under separate genera. This 
in large part accounts for the 125 numbers in Schweinitz’s North 
American list, now known or believed to represent rusts, having 
shrunken to 90 species as at present classified. 


186 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


The very large part of the material, which was the foundation 
of Schweinitz’s two works, especially of the portions relating to the 
rusts, was secured by himself. He collected over a radius of thirty 
miles or so about Salem, North Carolina, and probably over even a 
wider radius about Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, the two localities in 
America where he resided. A very few collections were made upon 
his trips to more distant points, and some specimens were sent 
to him by his correspondents, especially by Torrey and Halsey, of 
New York, and Collins of Philadelphia, while a few were handed to 
him by friends whose names appear at times upon the packets, 
particularly Detwiler and Denke. 

The earliest biographical account of Schweinitz is that by Walter 
R. Johnson, read before the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, 
_ May 12, 1835, a little more than a year after his death. It has been 
the source of information for many later sketches, notably those by 
Morgan,® Kellerman,’ Shear,?® Harshberger,? and Lloyd.!? Other 
writers have added various facts, obtained from Schweinitz’s de- 
scendants, especially Gore,‘* Youmans,’* Lehman,® and Shear & 
Stevens:° 

The three articles by Shear & Stevens were the result of ex- 
tended researches regarding the history of Schweinitz’s collections 
of fungi, his methods of work, and the present disposition of his 
specimens. Manuscript copies of the last two papers, as well as the 
one on Ezra Michener (Bull. Torrey Botanical Club, 44: 547-558, 
Dec., 1917) by the same authors, were generously loaned to the 
writers while this article was in preparation. Most of the works 
of various kinds referred to by the several authors have also been 
at the disposal of the writers. They have also consulted the manu- 

8 Bot. Gaz., 9: 17-19, 1884. 

9 Jour. Myc., 2: 31-34, 1886. 

10 Plant World, 5: 45-47, 1902. 

11“ The Botanists of Philadelphia,” 127-132, 1890. 

12 Mycological Notes, No. 44, 1916. 

13 Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sct. Soc., 3: 9-25, 1886. 

14 Pop. Sci. Mo., 44: 833-840, 1894; and “ Pioneers of Science in Amer- 


ica,” 167-175, 1896. 
15 The Wachocia Moravian, 13142: 4-6, 1904. 
16U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 380: 1-82, Jan., 1917; Mycologia, 9: 191- 


204, 333-344, July, Nov., 1917. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 187 


script works of Schweinitz and the letters (amounting to 237) from 
his correspondents deposited at the Philadelphia Academy of Nat- 
ural Sciences, the letters from Schweinitz to Torrey (35 in number) 
at the New York Botanical Garden, and the letters from corre- 
spondents in the possession of his grandson, Dr. Geo. de Schweinitz, 
of Philadelphia. 

Some of his biographers say that during the latter years of his 
life he used de in place of von in his name. It is quite certain that 
after his death his sons and their families used the French form of 
the name, as their descendants do at the present time. His cor- 
respondents addressed him variously. By German friends and 
many others the address used was Herr von Schweinitz, or by a , 
few of them Baron von Schweinitz, while a less number used de 
Schweinitz. His intimate American friends, Torrey and Darling- 
ton, both of English descent, invariably used von. All of the 
Schweinitz letters to Torrey at the N. Y. Bot. Garden are signed 
Lewis D. v. Schweinitz; they extend from June 24, 1820, to May 2, 
1832. His published writings bear this form of his name on their 
title pages, except when made to conform to the Latin. The initials 
invariably used on his packets of fungi and other collections were 
LvS. When used in print to indicate authorship they were written 
L.v.S. In the North Carolina list the abbreviation was Sw. 

There were doubtless reasons why he might have favored a 
change in the family name, either out of consideration for his wife, 
who was of French ancestry, or because of his dislike to Prussia, 
which at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 had acquired a third of 
Saxony, including that part where the ancestral home was situated 
and where his youth had been passed. But it is quite probable that 
he himself did not adopt the new form. 

The botanical work of Schweinitz was made the avocation of a 
busy life largely devoted to religious duties and churchly service. He 
was imbued, nevertheless, with the most thoroughly scientific spirit. 
His monographic work upon the very difficult genera, Carex, Viola, 
and Spheria, was of the highest order. He eschewed the easy as- 
sumptions too rife in his day, and believed that a scrutiny of facts 
outweighed all plausibilities. What may be designated as his scien- 
_ tific creed is given in the preface to the Conspectus by Albertini & 


188 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Schweinitz, which was doubtless written by Schweinitz. It refers 
especially to the study of fungi, and as translated by Johnson 
(Memoir, p. 25) reads: 

“A solid basis to this department of botanical science must be laid, not 
on a sandy foundation, on the varying freaks and fancies of the mind, but 
on a perpetual daily and nightly employment of microscopic observation, a 
diligent and oft-repeated examination of the whole history of the fungous 
tribes, a careful perusal of authors, a comparison of their respective syno- 
nyms, and above all, by the observation of living nature herself, as she 
unfolds her rich abundance in the recesses of forests, lawns and marshes, an 


observation which must be continued from day to day, and from year to 
year.” 


The following account includes a translation of that portion of 
Schweinitz’s two works pertaining to rusts, given in the order of 
the later one, together with a record of material still remaining to 
represent them, and with comménts by the writers. It has been pre- 
pared with a view of making this monumental work more available 
to students, especially students of American mycology. 

Following the main body of the work all of the species of rusts 
mentioned by Schweinitz are arranged in systematic order in ac- 
cordance with present ideas of classification. The accepted names 
used for the hosts are generally those of Britton & Brown’s “ Illus- 
trated Flora,” 2d edition, or of Small’s “ Flora of the Southeastern 
United States,” 2d edition. 

A serial list is then given of all the numbers in Schweinitz’s 
“North American Fungi” with which this account deals, with the 
corresponding numbers from the North Carolina list in parentheses, 
and in a parallel column the name or fact which the study of the 
material has disclosed. An index of hosts and another of fungi are 
appended for convenience of reference. 

The microscopic and bibliographical work carried on in connec- 
tion with this study of the Schweinitz material pertaining to rusts 
during the eighteen years since the work has been in progress has 
been done in large part at Lafayette, Ind., in the laboratories of the 
agricultural experiment station of Purdue University. More than 
a dozen of those associated in the laboratory work during this long 
period have taken part in the study, and to them, and to a number 
of correspondents credit is accorded for material aid. To the 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 189 


authorities of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences the gratitude 
of the authors and of every scientific person interested in this sub- 
ject is due in unstinted measure. Under Mr. Stewardson Brown, 
Curator of the herbarium, and Dr. Witmer Stone during Mr. Brown’s 
absence, every facility that the Academy could offer has been placed 
freely at the disposal of the authors. 


Rusts or NortH AMERICA RECORDED BY SCHWEINITZ. 


The arrangement is that in Schweinitz’s Synopsis Fungorum in 
America Boreali. Additions to the translation of the original text 
are in square brackets. The general serial number is followed 
by the species number under each genus. As stated by Schweinitz 
on page 144 of his work “species preceded by an asterisk are those 
not recorded in the ‘Synopsis Fungorum Caroline Superioris.’ 
Species with L.v.S. added were first described by me either in my 
previous work or in the present one.” 

After the complete record for each number the corresponding 
record in his “ Synopsis Fungorum Caroline Superioris,” if there 
is one, is given in parentheses. 

Following the English version of Schweinitz’s words is a state- 
ment of the material to represent the number as it occurs in the 
Schweinitz Herbarium at the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences at 
the present time, the data on the packets being copied exactly as to 
spelling, capitals, punctuation, etc. Finally come comments by the 
authors. 


1474. 329. S[pheria] epiphylla, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 130, F. 258, not in Penn- 
sylvania. 
(130. [Spheria] epiphylla Sz. 

S. cespitose, blackish brown, shining, the pulverulent receptacle 
yellowish, spherules without ostioles, obovate, very minute, crowded, 
arranged cespitosely or fasciculately. 

It grows in an unusual place, namely, upon still growing leaves 
of Galega virginica. Scattered, on the upper surface of the leaves, 
punctiform, or oblong or linear, less than a line in diameter. Recep- 
tacle arising from the altered substance of the leaf, pulverulent, yel- 
lowish or brownish. Spherules globose, minute, obovate. At a 
younger stage subpellucid.) 


Represented by two leaflets mounted, each about 2.5 cm. long, 


PROC, AMER. PHIL. SOC., VOL. LVII, N, JULY 16, 1918. 


190 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


and by the original packet, empty, labelled on the front ‘‘ Sphzeria 
epiphylla LvS ... Salem .. .,” a portion not being legible, and 
on the folded end “Spheria epiphylla Salem.” 

While Dietel was making a study of the genus Ravenelia, he 
received a fragment of the original Schweinitz collection, sent by 
Lagerheim from the Herb. Fries, from which he was enabled to 
transfer the ‘species to that genus (Hedwigia, 33:27. 1894), 
although he points out that the true nature of the fungus had 
already been detected (Farlow & Seymour, “Host Index,” page 
30. 1888). The name is now generally written Ravenelia epi- 
phylla (Schw.) Diet. 


*1487. 342. S[pheria] canaliculata, L.v.S., of the same group [as the pre- 
ceding species, 1486], but abundantly distinct, Bethlehem, on 
leaves of the involucres of Cyperus, found on the dorsal surface. 

S. covered, dark, composed of series of perithecia situated between 
the striz of the leaves, parallelly confluent on a pitch black spot, 
so that the spot appears beautifully canaliculate; rather large. 
Ostioles thick, punctiform. On the margin occur subsolitary, 
subrotund, applanate perithecia. In the middle, moreover, the 
pitch black spots are sometimes sterile—and, it may be noted, the 
spot is frequently interrupted at intervals of a quarter of an inch, 
so that the unaltered substance of the leaf comes into view. 


Represented by a mounted specimen, consisting of a portion of 
five leaves, originally six, one having become detached and lost, 
each portion about 5 cm. long and 6 or 8 mm. broad, well supplied 
with uncovered uredinia and covered telia. The original packet 
contains two small pieces of leaf, and is labelled ‘‘ Sph. canaliculata 
LvS in Scirpi involucr.” It was evidently first labelled “Sph 
graminis,” as the word “graminis” has been crossed out. 

The true character of this fungus was first pointed out by Lager- 
heim (Tromso Mus. Aarsh., 17:51. 1895), from the study of an 
original autographic specimen in the Fries Herbarium. It is now 
called Puccinia canaliculata (Schw.) Lagerh., and is a widespread 
American species. 


*Species preceded by an asterisk are those not recorded in the “ Synopsis 
Fungorum Caroline Superioris.” 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 191 


Crass V. GYMNOMYCETES (Entorpuyta and TuBERCULARINI 
Fries). 


Series I. ENTOPHYT. 
Genus 211. COMA. 
a Subgenus UREDo. 


1. Ustilago. 


Note.—The six species under this heading nos. 2811 to 2816 are 
smuts belonging to the Ustilaginales, and are therefore omitted. 


2. Rubigines (Orange-yellows). 
2817. 7. C. U. Rubigo, Lk. n. 9. Halsey from New York, on cereals. 


Represented by part of a leaf, 6 cm. long, mounted, and a similar 
piece of leaf, nearly as long, in the original packet, each about I cm. 
broad. The packet is labelled “ Uredo tecta Halsey,” and again 
later “ Czeeoma rubigo Newyork Halsey.” 

Both leaves appear to be those of wheat (Triticum vulgare Vill.), 
and are well covered with large, scattered, oblong uredinial sori. 

The name was correctly applied by Schweinitz in the sense in 
which it was first employed by De Candolle and others of the times. 
It covers a number of species, however, and the one represented by 
the collection is Puccinia graminis Pers., in its uredinial stage, now 
usually called P. poculiformis (Jacq.) Wettst. 


2818. 8. C. U. linearis, Lk. n. 8, Syn. Car. 464, on leaves of cereals, Salem, 
Bethlehem, and everywhere. 
(464. 6. [Uredo] linearis. Fairly common on grain.) 

Represented by portions of four narrowly linear leaves, each 
piece 8 to 10 cm. long, loose in a mounted packet, bearing a few 
scattered uredinial sori. The original packet is labelled inside 
“Uredo linearis Sal,” and outside ‘“ Cazeoma (Ured) lineare Salem.” 

The compound microscope easily shows the rust to be the 
uredinial stage of Puccinia Poarum Niessl now more often referred 
to P. epiphylla (L.) Wettst. It is characterized by peculiar capi- 


192 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


tate paraphyses. The host is the common Kentucky blue-grass, 
Poa pratensis L. It is a species not found on other grasses or on 
grains, although uredinia of similar gross appearance are found on 
both, and were all given the same name by older mycologists. Prob- 
ably the original portion of the material on cereals was removed by 
Schweinitz, leaving only the part on meadow grass. 


*2819. 9. C. U.-rimosum, Lk. n. 14, rather rare on Scirpus near Hope, New 
Jersey. 


Represented by one 5 cm. mounted piece of a terete culm, and 
five similar pieces, 3 to 5 cm. long, in the original packet, which is 
labelled “Czeoma (Ured) rimosum in Scirp acut. spec. imperfecta 
ob bonas pertus. Hope Jersey.” The host is undoubtedly Scirpus 
lacustris L. (S. acutus Muhl.), the plant that Schweinitz took it 
to be. 

The smooth surfaces of the culms show a few quite regular 
rifts, 5-15 mm. long, but no spores or fungus of any kind. These 
rifts may have been interpreted by Schweinitz to be the “ acervis in 
rimis longitudinalibus parallelis positis” of Link’s description, for 
he has entered on his packet that he had an “‘ imperfect specimen on 
account of marked perforations.” Link’s Ceoma rimosum was, 
however, founded upon a fungus on Juncus acutus from Egypt, 
and could not have been the same as an American fungus on Scirpus. 
Lagerheim in his study of the rusts in the Herb. Fries (1. c., page 
67) has erroneously added “ Uredo rimosa Schwein.” as a synonym 
of Puccinia obtecta Peck, a rust that occurs on both Scirpus pungens 
(the host in the Herb. Fries from New York), having triangular 
stems, and S. lacustris, having terete stems. Had this rust been 
present Schweinitz would probably not have referred it to Link’s 
species, because of the slight resemblance which it bears to Link’s 
description. 


*2820. 10. C. U. Andropogi, L.v.S., on leaves of Andropogon avenaceum, 
Bethlehem; rare and related to C. longissimum, from which it 
differs particularly by an evident purple spot. 

C. spots much elongated, narrow, purple. Sori much elongated, 
parallel, narrowed, longitudinally erumpent from the raised epi- 
dermis. Spores at last loosely scattered, globose, rufo-fuscous. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 193 


Represented by parts of two leaves, about 5 cm. long, and of 
two others, 7 cm. long, all 5 to 8 mm. wide, mounted, and in the 
original packet five similar pieces with some fragments, all bearing 
an abundance of brown uredinia and a few telia. The packet is 
labelled inside “ Czoma (Ured) Rubigo Lk in Androp. avenacei 
fol Beth 1829,” and outside “ Czeoma (Ured) Andropogi LvS.” 

The host is evidently Andropogon avenaceum Michx., as stated, 
now often referred to Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash, and the rust 
proves to be Puccinia virgata Ellis & Ev., a species not at all related 
to P. Andropogi Schw., no. 2911. 


*2821. 11. C. U. Iridis, L.v.S., frequent on withered leaves of Iris virginica, 
Bethlehem. 

C. related to C. Lilii; spots yellowish, sori roundish oval, not 
circinate but scattered; at first covered with the epidermis, rather 
elevated. Spores numerous, somewhat pedicelled, fulvo-fer- 
rugineous, at length scattered. Spores never turn black as in 
Gy Enh: : 

Represented by two well-preserved pieces of leaves mounted, one 
being 1 by 6 cm., and the other 1.5 by 7 cm., and two pieces much 
eaten by insects, in the original packet, and all well covered with 
uredinia. The packet is labelled “ Puccinia Iridis LvS Beth,” with 
the word Puccinia crossed out and “Czeoma (Ur)” substituted. 
There is an empty duplicate packet labelled in a similar way. 

The rust is a common one of both hemispheres for which the ac- 
cepted name is Puccinia Iridis (DC.) Wallr. In America, east of 
the Rocky Mountains, only, uredinia have been found. Although 
the host is called Jris virginica, a linear-leaved species, both because 
these leaves are especially wide, and because no rust is known on 
that species, the host must be J. versicolor L. 


2822. 12. C. U. Smilacis, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 471, Link n. 22, and Bethlehem 
on leaves of Smilax. 
(471. 13. [Uredo] Smilacis Sz. 
U. peridia variably flexuose, minute, grouped, often concentric, 
dark brown, the spore-mass luteo-fuscous. 
Frequent, on leaves of Smilax rotundifolia, seated on yellowish 
spots.) 


Represented by one piece of leaf 3 by 4 cm., cut from a leaf of 
probably twice the size, and mounted. It is thickly covered with 


194 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


uredinia. The empty, original packet is labelled inside “ Uredo 
Smilacis S. rotundifol Sal,” and outside ‘“‘Czoma (Ured) Smilacis 
LvS in S. rotundifol Salem.” 

The rust is the uredinial stage of Puccinia Smilacis Schw., no. 
2916, very common in the southeastern states on various species of 
Smilax. 


2823. 13. C. U. Labiatarum, Lk. n. 34, Syn. Car. [as] U. Clinopodii, 469, and 
Bethlehem on species of Pycnanthemum. 
(469. 11. [Uredo] Clinopodii Sz. 
U. orbicular, somewhat inflated, yellowish. 
Frequent in autumn on the leaves of Clinopodium incanum. 
Related to U. Menthe.) 


Represented only by an empty packet, which is labelled inside 
“Uiredo Clinopodii In Pycnanth. Salem,” and outside “ Caoma 
(Ur) Pycnanthent LvS C. clinopodii Salem.” Without doubt 
Schweinitz had the uredinia of Puccinia Menthe Pers., on Koellia 
mceana (L.) Kuntze, of which the preceding names are synonyms. 
He accepted Link’s disposition of his new species as a synonym 
under Link’s name for all the common mint uredinia. 


2824. 14. C. U. Ipomee, [L.v.S.,] Syn. Car. 468, Lk. n. 38, not Pennsylvania. 
(468. 10. [Uredo] Ipomcee Sz. 
U. rather small, sparse, not confluent, bright red. 
Frequent on the lower surface [of leaves] of Ipomeea triloba. 
Related to U. Tussilaginis. ) 


Represented by three cordate leaves, 3 cm. long, mounted, well 
covered beneath with uredinia and telia, and two smaller leaves at- 
tached to a slender stem, in the original packet, bearing a few sori. 
The packet is labelled inside “ Uredo Convolvuli Salem,’ 


bf 


afterward 
“Tpomoee ” written above Convolvuli, and outside “ Czoma (Ur) 
Ipomee LvS in Ip. pandur. Salem.” 

The rust is an excellent example of Coleosporium Ipomee 
(Schw.) Burr., showing uredinia and telia, and the host is doubtless 
I. pandurata L., which was at first confused by Schweinitz with the 
more southern species, J. triloba. Although Schweinitz incidentally 
omitted his initials as author of the specific name in accordance 
with his custom in other similar instances, L. v. S. should be added, 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 195 


for while the combination with C@oma was first made by Link, it 
was based entirely on Schweinitz’s account in his Carolina list. 


2825. 15. C. U. Elephantopodis, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 467, Lk. [n.] 54, only in 
Carolina. 
(467. 9. [Uredo] Elephantopodis Sz. 
U. rather large, sori depressed, sparse, circular, bright yellow. 
On leaves and stems of Elephantopus tomentosus, very frequent 
in the autumn. Related to U. farinosa. Older sori leave Peziza- 
‘like hollows in the leaf.) 


Represented by a leaf, 4 by 7 cm., mounted, and also a frag- 
ment of leaf in the original packet, both showing uredinia. The 
packet is labelled inside ‘“‘ Uredo Elephantopodis Salem,” and out- 
side “ Ceoma (Ur) Elephantopodis LvS Salem.” 

The rust is now called Coleosporium Elephantopodis (Schw.) 
Thum. As indicated for the preceding number Schweinitz adds his 
name to the Czeoma combination as author of the species although 
the combination was first made by Link. This was in accord with 
the opinion then held that the author’s name was attached to the 
species as a voucher for the concept as expressed by the original 
description and not for the technical formation of the name as ap- 
plied to a particular specimen, according to present usage. 


2826. 16. C. U. Solidaginis, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 472, common, and Pennsylvania. 
(472. 14. [Uredo] Solidaginis Sz. 
U. compact, closed, red, linear, sometimes long. 
Very frequent, almost all large Asters, Solidagos, Vernonias; 
related to U. pustulata.) 


Represented by four original packets, and mounted material from 
two of them. Two smooth lanceolate leaves, probably of Solidago 
serotina Ait., showing purple discolorations, are mounted, evidently 
taken from the empty packet marked “1 Caeoma (Ured) Solidagi- 
num LvS in maculis purp.” A duplicate packet, also empty, is 
labelled “2 Czeoma (Ured) Solidagini LvS.” The other mount 
consists of about two thirds of a smooth, lanceolate leaf with entire 
margin, probably of Solidago sempervirens. It was doubtless taken 
from the empty packet labelled inside “Uredo (A£cidium) ovale 
Nyk Halsey,” and outside “ Czoma ovale Halsey Nyk,” with the 


196 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


’ 


crossed out and “ Solidaginis ” substituted. Halsey 
was a correspondent living in New York. The fourth original 
packet is labelled inside “Uredo Solidaginis in Vernonia nove- 
boracens Beth,” and outside “Czeoma (Ur) Solidaginum LyvS 
Salem & Beth.” The packet contains the larger part of four 
lanceolate leaves, each fragment about 18 mm. wide and 7 cm. long. 
Three of these leaves are yellowish and are doubtless Solidago 
altissima, and may have been obtained at Salem, the fourth is 
greenish with sparse, colorless hairs, and is doubtless S. rugosa, and 
may have been obtained at Bethlehem. ‘The inclusion of Vernonia 
may after a time have been considered erroneous, and the leaves 
removed. 


word ‘ovale’ 


All the seven leaves representing this number show uredinia of 
Coleosporium Solidaginis (Schw.) Thiim., one of the commonest 
of rusts in the eastern states. The unusual abundance of material 
preserved to illustrate this number was doubtless due to its being 
encountered frequently in the fields on many hosts. 


2827. 17. C. U. Terebinthinacee, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 473, not in Pennsylvania. 
(473. 15. [Uredo] Terebinthinaceze Sz. 

U. aggregated, almost solid, pustulate, closed, becoming in- 
durated, orange red, rather large. Frequent on the lower surface of 
the very thick leaves of Silphium terebinthinaceum. Related to 
populina. 

N. B. They [i. e. the Rubigos] occur on almost all autumnal 
plants of the class Syngenesis, as on Helianthus, Aster, Solidago, 
etc., etc. As to the Rubigos, which ones constitute distinct species, 
it is most difficult to decide.) 


Represented only by an empty packet, labelled inside ‘‘ Uredo 
terebinthinacee in Silph terebint Salem,’ and outside ‘“ Czoma 
(Ur) Silphii terebinthinaci.LvS. Salem.” 

The rust is undoubtedly Coleosporium Terebinthinacee (Schw.) 
Arth., and the host Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. 

Schweinitz’s observation that it is difficult to decide upon the 
systematic distinctions among orange-yellow uredinia remains largely 
true at the present day. 


*2828. 18. C. U. Helianthi L.v.S., rather rare on leaves of H. giganteus, 
Bethlehem. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 197 


C. spots obscure. Sori clustered, naked, pulvinate, flavo-rubrous, at 
first rather solid, finally sprinkled with the minute orange red 
spores. 


Represented by parts of two small, lanceolate leaves. The 
smaller one, about 4 cm. long, is mounted, and is doubtless Helian- 
thus giganteus L. The other, about 7 cm. long, is half in the orig- 
inal packet, which is labelled “Ceoma (Ured) Helianthi LvS in 
Helianth gigant. Bet,” and half mounted. It is possibly H. strumo- 
sus L. A similar leaf, 4 cm. long by I cm. broad, and evidently 
part of the latter collection, is in the Michener Collection at Wash- 
ington, now belonging to the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 

The leaves all show many telia and a few uredinia, of what is 
now called Coleosporium Helianthi (Schw.) Arth. It is not an 
abundant species, but is widespread. 


*2829. 19. C. U. Anemonis, L.v.S., on under surface of [leaves of] Anemone 
quinquefolia, Bethlehem, rare. 
C. spots yellowish, rather large, sori roundish, dilated, slightly ele- 
vated, spores pale. 


Represented by a compound trifoliate leaf about 4 cm. broad 
and long, mounted, having plenty of pale round uredinial sori be- 
neath. The original packet is labelled inside “ Uredo anemones,” 
and in another place “‘Czeoma Anemonis quinquefolie Bethl,” while 
outside it reads “‘Czeoma (Ur) Anemonis quinquefo LvS Detwyler 
Bethl H.” 

As no such rust has been collected since on the host named, there 
has been much speculation regarding its identity. Not until the 
senior author’s recent visit to examine the Schweinitz material at 
the Philadelphia Academy did the solution of the enigma become 
evident. It was then noticed that this so-called Anemone leaf is 
sparsely sprinkled with long colorless hairs, which remind one of 
those on Osmorrhiza. Comparing this leaf with material for no. 
2841 and no. 2851, which had previously been determined as Os- 
morrhiza, left no doubt that all were the same host. On this host 
occurs Puccinia Pimpinelle (Str.) Mart. (P. Osmorrhize C. & P.), 
with the uredinia of which this material exactly agrees. 

This instance illustrates the danger in collecting too small speci- 


198 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


mens, mere fragments. The large decompound leaves of the tall 
growing Osmorrhiza could not be mistaken in the field for the little 
wind-flower, but the trifoliate tip of one of the large leaves when 
isolated might well be supposed to be the whole leaf of a small plant. 


2830. 20. C. U. Campanularum, Lk. 44, on C. amplexicaulis, Syn. Car. 465, 
and Bethlehem. 
(465. 7. [Uredo] Campanule. Rarely occurs on Campanula per- 
foliata. ) 


No specimen or packet is in the collection to represent this 
number. The host is one on which there is no other record of a 
rust, although a species of Coleosporium does occur on the closely 
related genus Campanula as now understood. It is highly probable, 
however, that Schweinitz had some fungus not a rust. The plant is 
now known as Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. (Campanula per- 
foliata L., C. amplexicaulis Michx.). 


2831. 21. C. U. Onagrarum, Lk. 32, Syn. Car. Circee, 466, and Bethlehem. 
(466. 8. [Uredo] Circez. Here and there on the leaves of 
Circeea Canadensis. ) 


There is no material or packet at Philadelphia to represent this 
number, which is unfortunate, as no common rust exactly answers 
the requirements of the record. The names employed for the rust 
are of a European species, not known in America. Uredo Circee 
was established by Albertini and Schweinitz in their work on the 
Lusatian fungi for the uredinia of what is now called Pucciniastrum 
Circee (Schum.) Schrét. The only rust on Circea in this country 
is Puccinia Circee Pers., which is so very unlike the one just re- 
ferred to that it seemingly could not have been mistaken for it. 
Although P. Circe@ possesses no uredinia, yet the young telial sori 
are pale and in gross appearance might be so considered. The 
record in both publications appears to parallel the corresponding 
records of P. Circe@ under no. 2938, and the most reasonable inter- 
pretation appears to be that Schweinitz mistook the young stage 
of P. Circee. Pers. for a Uredo. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 199 


2832. 22. C. U. miniata, Lk. 84, Syn. Car. 463, Salem and Bethlehem. 
(463. 5. [Uredo] miniata. Frequent but only on Rosa pauciflora.) 


Represented by a mounted rose leaf, 7 cm. long, consisting of 
five leaflets, and the original packet containing one smaller com- 
pound leaf and a number of leaflets, all similar. There are large, 
irregular sori on rachis and midribs and annular, pustulate sori on 
the blades, all ecia. The packet is labelled outside “Ceeoma (Ur) 
miniata Salem,” and added later “& Bethl & Herrnht.” Herrnhut 
is the place where Schweinitz studied in Saxony. 

The material apparently is that gathered at Salem, N. C., and the 
addition of two other localities to the packet indicated the collector’s 
field observations, and not his actual addition to the collection. The 
host name of Rosa pauciflora is given in Muhlenberg’s “ Catalogue ” 
as synonymous with F. carolina L., the name now in use, which is 
doubtless the species Schweinitz found the rust on. The rust proves 
to be the aecia of Earlea speciosa (Fries) Arth., formerly called 
Phragmidium speciosum Cooke. Telia of this species were placed 
by Schweinitz under the genus Seiridiwm, no. 3084. The species is 
not known in Europe, and the selection of Persoon’s name, Uredo 
miniata, has proven unfit, although at the time the two forms could 
not well have been separated. The transfer of the species to the 
genus Ceoma was first done by Schweinitz, not by Link. 


*2833. 23. C. U. ruborum, Lk. 86, frequent, Bethlehem. 


Represented by no mounted specimen, but by some ten leaflets 
in the original packet, which is labelled inside “ Czoma ruborum, 
Uredo (Rubigo) Rubi In Rub id horti mei fr Oct. 1824,” and out- 
side “Czeoma (Ur) Rubi Idi Bethl in hort.” The largest of the 
leaflets is about 6 by 7 cm., and all are pale tomentose beneath, with 
powdery groups of urediniospores here and there in the tomentum. 

The host is doubtless the European red raspberry, Rubus Ideus 
L., then frequently planted in gardens, but now almost wholly re- 
placed by the similar native form, F. strigosus Michx. The rust is 
the uredinial stage of Kuehneola Uredinis (Link) Arth., a common 
species on various raspberries and blackberries, but whose affinities 
have only been recognized within the last few years. ‘The telial 


200 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


stage is white, and the name, Phragmidium albidum, is often ap- 
plied. Link’s name of Ceoma ruborum belongs to another rust. 


2834. 24. C. U. Potentillarum, Lk. 87, Syn. Car. 461, frequent on Potentilla 
canadensis, [and in] Pennsylvania. 

(461. 3. [Uredo] Alchemille. I am certain it is the same as that 

on Alchemilla. Here and there on the leaves of Potentilla cana- 
densis, living through the winter.) 


Represented by a mounted packet containing loosely a bit of 
stem and five leaves of the host mentioned. Three of the smaller 
leaves show primary uredinia above, and two larger leaves show 
secondary uredinia beneath, the sori being numerous.. An empty 
original packet is labelled ““Czoma (Ur) Potentille canadens LvS 
Sal & Beth.” 

It was quite natural for Schweinitz to think this rust was a form 
of Uredo Alchemille, both from the gross appearance of the leaves 
and of the sori on them, and to follow Link in placing it under the 
inclusive name, C. Potentillarum. The rust is now known to be 
wholly different, and is called Frommea obtusa (Strauss) Arth., or 
more commonly, Phragmidium Potentille-canadensis Diet., or 
Kuehneola obtusa (Str.) Arth. 


2835. 25. C. U. Agrimonie L.v.S., usually wholly covering the lower surface 
of Agrimonia, wrongly [referred] to U. Rose, Syn. Car. 462. 
C. spots becoming yellowish. Sori minute, confluent, spores beauti- 
fully reddish orange, finally losing their color. 
(462. 4. [Uredo] Rose. I do not doubt that it is the same as 
occurs very frequently on Agrimonia Eupatoria in autumn; 
never on roses with us.) 


Represented by three terminal leaflets, mounted, each nearly 4 
cm. long, and by fragments of three compound leaves in the original 
packet, which is labelled “Ceoma (Ur) Agrimonie LvS Salem.” 
All of the leaflets are abundantly covered with sori. 

The rust is the characteristic uredinial stage of Puccimiastrum 
Agrimonie (Schw.) Tranz., which occurs in Europe and Asia, but 
not so common there as in America. The host appears to be Agri- 
monia parviflora Soland. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 201 


#2836. 26. C. U. Filicum, Lk. n. 101, on Aspidium, from New York, com- 
municated by Dr. Torrey. 


Represented by about 4 cm. of the terminal part of a frond, 
mounted, and by parts of one or more fronds of uniform appear- 
ance in the original packet, which is labelled “Caoma Filicum 
Torrey Nyk in Asp. obtus,” and in addition “U. polymorph in Asp. 
dryopt.,” with a number of German localities and names of German 
collectors. Probably the additions to the inscription on the packet 
do not indicate collections, but only memoranda. 

The rust occurs in rather large, covered, blistery sori, on the 
under surface of the fronds, and is the uredinial stage of Hyalopsora 
Aspidiotus (Peck) Magn. The host is evidently Phegopteris 
Dryopteris (L.) Fée, the Aspidium obtusum of Muhlenberg’s 
“Catalogue,” and the collection was probably made in the Catskill 
mountains, as Dr. Torrey lived for a time at West Point, N. Y. 
The rust is not known outside of North America. It is a moun- 
tainous form, the type collection being found by Peck in the Catskill 
mountains. 


*2837. 27. C. U. Teucrii, L.v.S., very rare on leaves of Teucrium virginicum, 
Bethlehem. 
C. spots obsolete. Sori densely crowded into semblance of a spot, 
effused, beautifully red. Spores very small, very red, almost 
scarlet. 


Represented by one leaf, oblong, 3.5 by 7 cm., mounted, and by 
the empty packet, labelled inside “Uredo Teucrii in fol Teucrii 
canadens. Salem,” and outside “ Ceoma (Ured) Teucrii LvS. Naz.” 
The leaf shows a number of rusty-looking spots, still finely purplish 
red, which the microscope reveals to be due to a Hyphomycetous 
fungus, having small oblong to linear-oblong spores, and in nowise 
related to the rusts, of which there are none known on Teucrium 
in America. 

This material has been examined by Dr. C. L. Shear, who states 
that it is identical with Cercospora racemosa E. & M., a species 
founded upon a collection made by the senior author in Iowa, Sep- 
tember 27, 1882. It is a somewhat common fungus extending from 
the Atlantic coast to Kansas and Nebraska. The name should be- 


202 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


come, in accordance with the rules of priority, Cercospora Teucrii 
(Schw.) comb. nov. 


2838. 28. C. U. Azalez, L.v.S., Syn. Car., 470, [as U.] minima, frequent on 
leaves of Azalea nudiflora, Bethlehem and Salem. 

C. spots obsolete. Sori on the lower surface, at first somewhat cone 
shaped, minute, orange, finally effused. Spores very minute, 
losing their color, and unequal, pyriform, with globose forms 
intermixed. 

(470. 12. [Uredo] minima Sz. _ 
U. very minute, punctiform, pale orange, sparse, peridia 
subconice. 


Frequent on the lower surface of the leaves of Azalea nudi- 
flora. ) 


Represented by a mounted leaf 2 by 6 cm., thickly covered on 
the lower surface with uredinia corresponding to the description, 
and by an empty packet labelled inside “ Uredo farinosa 8 minima 
in Azalea nudif Salem,” together with the later name ‘‘ Caeoma 
minimum,” written above, and on the outside “ Ceaoma (Ur) Azalee 
ivo- Beth Sal.” 

The rust is the uredinial stage of Puccimiastrum minimum 
(Schw.) Arth., as reported in the ‘‘ North American Flora” 7: 109. 
1907, a name now believed to be synonymous with P. Myrtilli 
(Schum.) Arth., a rust occurring upon various species of Vac- 
cimium, as well as on Azalea nudiflora L., and other Ericaceous 
hosts. 


3. Fuscentes and Nigredines (Browns and Blacks). 


2830, 20, C. U. Ari virginici, L.v.S. Syn. Car:, [as U-] Caladii; 480, Lkin: 
21. It is not Caladium but Arum on which this is frequently 
found and in Pennsylvania. 
(480. 22. [Uredo] Caladii Sz. 

U. punctiform, solitary, seated on large yellowish spots, the 
spore-mass fuscous. 

Frequent on the under side of the leaves of Caladium. Peridia 
at first closed, at length scattering the spores.) 


Represented by a 3 cm. square portion, cut from a large leaf, 
mounted, showing uredinia scattered over the surface, and by an 
empty packet labelled inside ‘‘ Uredo Caladii Salem,” and outside 
“Ceoma Ari virginici LvS. n. Caladii Salem.” 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 203 


The rust is the uredinial stage of Uromyces Caladii (Schw.) 
Farl., the zecial stage being given under nos. 2860 and 2861, and the 
telial stage under no. 2946. Doubtless Schweinitz was right in 
thinking the host to be Arwm virginicum L., now known as Pel- 
tandra virginica (L.) Kunth, and not Caladium [sagittifolium 
Nutt.], although the fact can not now be verified. Both hosts occur 
in North Carolina, but only the former in Pennsylvania. 


2840. 30: C. U. Spermacoces L.v.S., Syn. Car., [under] Puccinia, 502, Lk. n. 

57, elegant. Spores not septate, and Philadelphia. 

(502. 17. [Puccinia] Spermacoces Sz. 

P. subquadrate, dark chestnut-brown, spores globose, simple, 
pedicel very long, filiform. 

Frequent on leaves and stems of Spermacoce. Breaks through 
the epidermis in the form of a square. Spores fuscous, irregularly 
globose, pointed or blunt, without septum. Pedicel ten times longer, 
hyaline. By pressure the epidermis is separated from the square 
mass as a continuous membrane in which a cellular structure is not 
to be seen under lenses having a focus of half a line, and a very 
thin vesicular substance escapes. ) 


Represented by two small fragments of stem with leaves and 
fruit, placed loose in a mounted packet. The original empty packet 
is labelled inside ‘“ Diceeoma Spermacocis Salem,” and on the out- 
side “‘Czoma Spermacocis LvS. Sal.” 

The rust is chiefly the telial stage of Uromyces Spermacoces 
(Schw.) M. A. Curt., common throughout the southern states, and 
the host is undoubtedly Diodia teres Walt. (Spermacoce diodina 
Michx.). 

It is interesting to trace the change in view, in the interim be- 
tween the publication of the two papers, regarding the systematic 
position of forms with dark teliospores, which we would now cal! 
Uromyces. In the North Carolina paper of 1822 Schweinitz di- 
vided the genus Puccinia into “A, spores distinctly bilocular,” and 
“B, spores globose with septum inconspicuous,” evidently following 
the example of DeCandolle in the Flore Francaise (2: 224) of 1805. 
Under the latter division Schweinitz placed two species of Uro- 
myces, with the septum described as absent or not conspicuous, re- 
spectively. Evidently there was a feeling that these forms with an 
uncertain septum and globoid spore belonged with those species of 


2904. ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Puccinia having elongated spores and an evident septum. Later 
the idea of a possible septum was abandoned, and it was necessary 
to place these dark, globoid, non-septate forms under the all-in- 
clusive genus Uredo, in spite of their apparent relationship to Puc- 
cinia. Still later systematists placed them in the genus Uromyces, 
but recently the opinion has been growing that the earlier method 
of DeCandolle and Schweinitz better indicates their true relation- 
ship. 

The mention of the kind of lens used in these studies helps to 
explain why the question of the presence of a septum should have 
remained uncertain. Even without knowing the degree of defini- 
tion, doubtless far less than that of modern hand lenses, it is clear 
that the magnification left much to be desired. 


*2841. 31. C. U. Cherophylli, L.v.S., on leaves of Cherophyllum or Myrrhis 
Claytoni, Pennsylvania. 
C. spots obsolete: sori rounded, sparse and aggregated, even some- 
what confluent, finally uncovered by rupturing the epidermis. 
Spores effused, globose, from tobacco-like to black, shining. 


Represented by a compound leaf of three leaflets, each about 3 
cm. long, mounted, showing uredinia and telia, and an empty packet, 
labelled inside “ Uredo cherophylli, N. Beth Detwyler,”’ and out- 
side “Czoma (Ur) cherophylli LvS prope Beth Detwyler.” 

The rust proves to be Puccinia Pimpinelle (Str.) Mart. (P. 
Osmorrhize C. & P.), and the host to be Osmorrhiza, in all prob- 
ability O. Claytomi (Michx.) Clarke (Myrrhis Claytom Michx.), as 
suggested by Schweinitz. The material is essentially identical with 
that of nos. 2829 and 2851. 


*2842, 32, C. U. Hyperici, L.v.S., on stems of an unidentified Hypericum 
rare in Carolina; not the same with C. hypericorum, Lk. 
C. spots on the pilose-strigose stem, purple: sori sparse, acuminate- 
ovate, bullate, elevated, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis. 
Spores fuscous purple, becoming effused. 


Represented by a much branched stem, without leaves, but with 
eleven seed pods, mounted, having uredinia sparingly distributed 
over the stem, and by an empty packet labelled “Caoma (Ur) 
Hyperici LvS. Salem.” 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 205 


The rust is the uredinial stage of Uromyces Hyperici-frondosi 
(Schw.) Arth., and the host is some species of Hypericum, not yet 
identified, but which doubtless can be. Schweinitz was right in 
thinking his material quite different from C@eoma hypericorum Link, 
which belongs under the genus Melampsora. 


2843. 33. C. U. Heuchere, L.v.S., Lk. 79, Syn. Car. 479, not in Pennsylvania. 
(479. 21. .[Uredo] Heuchere Sz. 
_ U. seated on orbicular, yellowish spots, peridia subconcentric, 
crowded, dark chestnut brown, spore mass dark fuscous. 
Here and there on the leaves of Heuchera Americana and vil- 
losa. Peridia at first closed; at length scattering the spores, minute. 
Related to U. Anemones. ) 


Represented by part, about 4 by 5 cm., of a large leaf, mounted, 
having small, hypophyllous, pulvinate, brown sori, and by an empty 
packet labelled inside ‘‘Uredo Tiarelle Heucherz Salem,” and on 
outside “ Ceoma (Ur) Heuchere LvS. Salem.” 

The spores are oblong, two-celled, and smooth whether examined 
wet or dry. The rust is now called Puccinia Heuchere (Schw.) 
Dietel. The mounted leaf appears to be that of Heuchera amer- 
icana L., but the rust is known to occur on many species, and may 
well have been seen by Schweinitz on H. villosa Michx. 

The systematic position of the species must have been deter- 
mined by Schweinitz from the gross appearance alone. This would 
account for its inclusion in the subgenus Uredo, and for the omis- 
sion of spore characters in the description. 


*2844. 34. C. U. apiculosum, Lk. [n. not] p. 90, on Phaseolus, Bethlehem, 
Syn. Car. 478. 
(478. 20. [Uredo] flosculosorum. Conspect. fung. On Kuhnia, 
Eupatorium, and other composites. (Czomurus Link.) ) 


No specimen or packet remains to represent this number. Two 
typographical errors occur in the entry. The asterisk should be 
omitted, and the reference to Link’s work should read n. go, and 
not “p. 90,” the reference being to the number of the species and 
not to the page. 

The name Uredo flosculosorum was established by Albertini and 
Schweinitz (Consp. Fung. Nisk. 128) and they named as hosts 


PROC. AMER. PHIL. SOC., VOL. LVII, 0, JULY 17, 1918. 


’ 906 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Prenanthes, Leontodon and Hieracium, all Cichoriaceous composites, 
while here Schweinitz has extended the use of the name to Car- 
duaceous composites, and even legumes. Link at the place cited 
reduced this name to a synonym, together with twenty-two others, 
under his inclusive species, C. apiculosum. The species has no value 
in the modern sense, being a concept supported only by superficial 
characters, and represented by an incongruous mixture of species. 


2845. 35. C. U. appendiculosum, Lk. 91, Syn. Car. 477, and Bethlehem. 
(477. 19. [Uredo] appendiculata. Common on Phaseolus and on 
Pisum sativum. (Czomurus.) ) 


A record in the North Carolina list that is not accounted for in 
the later one may be entered here, as it is the same rust, although 
placed by Schweinitz under Puccima and erroneously referred to a 
name belonging to another species of rust. 


(490. 5. [Puccinia] Avicularie 68 Fabe. Not infrequent on 
Phaseolus. ) 


Represented by a mounted packet loosely containing three leaf- 
lets of the garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and two leaflets of 
garden pea, while the original packet labelled “ Ceeoma (Ured) ap- 
pendiculos Beth,” has one leaflet of bean and two of pea. The bean 
leaflets are well covered beneath with uredinia. The pea leaflets 
are discolored with spots but have no rust; furthermore, no rust 
has ever been found in America on the garden pea, Pisum sativum. 
Schweinitz mistook the spots for a common European rust, which 
he naturally expected to find under the same conditions here as in 
Europe. 

The rust on the leaflets of Phaseolus, the common bean, is 
Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Fries. The European rust on 
Pisum is a different species. The specimen preserved doubtless 
represents no. 477 of the Carolina list, showing the uredinial stage 
of the rust, while no. 490 of the same list is unrepresented by a col- 
lection, and as it was placed under Puccinia, doubtless had reference 
to the telial stage of the same rust. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 207 


2846. 36. C. U. punctuosum, Lk. 93, Syn. Car. 474, [as U.] scutellata, also 
Bethlehem on Euphorbia hypericifolia. 
(474. 16. [Uredo] scutellata. More or less frequent on Euphorbia 
hypericifolia. ) 


Schweinitz had an entry in his Carolina list, which is nowhere 
referred to in the later one. It can be entered here, as it is the same 
rust, although he placed it under his section “Rubigo.” 


(450. 1. [Uredo] Euphorbie. Not rare on leaves of Euphorbia 
maculata. ) 


Represented by some four pieces of branched stem about 3 cm. 
long, with leaves, more or less fragmentary, inflorescence and mature 
seeds, showing a few, scattered uredinia, placed loose in a mounted 
packet, and by an original packet, containing a few similar frag- 
ments, labelled “Czoma (Ured) punctuos in Euphorb hypericif 
Beth.” Another original packet containing fragments of branched 
stems about 2 cm. long, with leaves and inflorescence, but not mature 
seeds, was first labelled “Czeoma (Ur) Euphorbie hypericif non 
scutellat Sal & Bet,” then the specific name was cancelled and “ punc- 
tosum” substituted. The latter packet doubtless represents the 
Salem collection and the former one the collection from Bethlehem. 
There is no material or packet for the collection on E. maculata. 

The rust is Uromyces proéminens (DC.) Pass., showing vary- 
ing proportions of uredinia and telia. In the interim between his 
two lists Schweinitz had ascertained that the European name used 
in his earlier list, “ U. scutellata,’ applied to another rust which he 
had not foundin America. The hosts are Chamesyce Preslii (Guss.) 
Arth. (Euphorbia Preslii Guss., E. hypericifolia having recently 
been ascertained to be a more southern species) and Chamesyce 
maculata (L.) Small (Euphorbia maculata L.). 


2847. 37. C. U. Leguminosarum, Lk. 92, Syn. Car. 476, [as U.] Viciz, on 
Vicia Faba, Bethlehem and Salem. 
(476. 18 [Uredo] Vicia. Faber. On the stems of Vicia Faba. 


There is no mounted specimen or original packet to represent 
these entries. 


208 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


If a rust were really present, as there may have been, it was 
Uromyces Fabe (Pers.) DeBary, which is occasionally found on 
the English bean, V. Faba, in America, but is more common on 
native species of Vicia and Lathyrus. 


*2848. 38. C. U. Lobeliz cardinalis, L.v.S., rather rare on the under surface 
of leaves of Lobelia cardinalis, Nazareth. 

C. spots obsolete, sori effused-confluent, not elevated, or surrounded 

by the epidermis. Spores effused, pedicelled, chocolate-purplish. 


Represented by a lanceolate, serrate leaf, about 6 cm. long, and 
1.5 cm. wide, mounted, and by an empty packet labelled on the 
inside “Uredo Lobeliz cardinal,” and on the outside “‘Czeoma 
(Ured) Lobelie Cardinal LvS. Beth.” 

The leaf is well covered with a brown effused growth due to a 
Hyphomycetous fungus, Cercospora effusa (B. & C.) E. & E. 


*2849. 39. C. U. Thalictri, L.v.S., very rare but beautiful, on leaves of 
Thalictrum cornuti, Bethlehem. 
C. spots none. Sori pulvinate, roundish—a line or more in diameter, 
widely aggregated, somewhat surrounded by the epidermis. 
Spores rather large, and from chocolate to fuscous. 


Represented by part of a leaf, 1.5 by 2 cm., mounted, and by 
an empty packet labelled “ Czeoma (Ured) Thalictri LvS. Naz.” 

The leaf is thickly and evenly covered with round, brown sori, 
bearing 2-celled, and a few 1-celled, teliospores of the characteristic 
form belonging to Polythelis Thalictri (Chev.) Arth. (Puccinia 
Thalictri Chev.), on Thalictrum polygamum Muhl. (T. Cornutt 
Auct.). 


*2850. 4o. C. U. brunneum, L.v.S., on leaves of an unknown plant from the 
collection of Mr. Collins, Philadelphia. 
C. spots yellowish, on the upper surface of the leaf. Sori applanate, 
irregular in form, variously confluent. Spores minute, brown- 
fuscous, at first conglutinate. 


Represented by an oblong leaflet, about 3.5 cm. long, apparently 
leguminous, mounted, and by an empty packet labelled “Czeoma 
(Ured) brunea in fol exot Collins.” 

The leaf bears reddish-brown spots on the upper surface, their 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 209 


origin being obscure. The microscope shows no evidence of my- 
celium, and the spots are probably not due to a fungus. This con- 
clusion has been confirmed by Dr. C. L. Shear of Washington, D. C. 


*28s51. 41. C. U. Chelidonii, L.v.S., very rare. On leaves of Chelidonium 
sent from New York. 
C. spots yellowish. Sori irregular in form, clustered, confluent. 
Spores rather large, fuscous and black, oval, loosely scattered. 


Represented by an angularly ovate leaf, incised, 3 by 5 cm., hav- 
ing characteristic white hairs, especially on the veins, mounted, and 
by an empty packet labelled inside “ Uredo Chelidonit Halsey N Yk,” 
and outside “ Czoma (Ured) Chelidonii LVS NewYk Halsey.” 

The error in mistaking Osmorrhiza for Chelidonium was pointed 
out by Dr. W. G. Farlow in the preface to his ‘‘ Host Index of 
Fungi,” 1888. 

The mounted fragment of leaf bears two small groups of brown 
sori on the under surface, rather pulverulent, having both uredinio- 
spores and teliospores present, identical with Puccinia Pimpinelle 
(Str.) Mart. (P. Osmorrhize C. & P.), and essentially the same as 
nos. 2829 and 2841. It is a curious result of too credulously ac- 
cepting the first impression of the identity of a host that led 
Schweinitz three times to describe the same rust from the same host, 
as if representing three independent species on three wholly unlike 
and unrelated hosts. 


4. Albugo. 


Note—Two numbers are given under this heading, both true 
representatives of the accepted Phycomycetous genus Albugo, and 
they are, therefore, omitted here. 


5. Sporidtis inequalibus (spores unequal). 


*2854. 44. C. U. gyrosum, Lk. 105, on leaves of Rubus Idzus, Bethlehem. 


Represented neither by specimen nor packet. There is, how- 
ever, an original packet labelled ““Czoma (Ur) gyrosa Reb. in Rub 
Id. Kunze,” and a similar one in the Herb. Curtis at Harvard Uni- 
versity. This collection shows a few small fragments of raspberry 


210 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


leaves, bearing pycnia and ecia of a Phragmidium on their upper 
surface. It is possible that this European material represents the 
entry, inadvertently made for North America. It seems more prob- 
able that Schweinitz found a rust at Bethlehem, which he consid- 
ered the same, but for which there is now no specimen. If so, the 
host was probably the European red raspberry, at that time much 
cultivated in American gardens. In that case the rust may have 
been the ecial stage of Phragmidium imitans Arth., although 
Schweinitz nowhere records the more striking telial stage. The 
exact status of the record necessarily remains uncertain. 


*2855. 45. C. U. cylindricum, Lk. 108, on Populus italica, Bethlehem. 


Represented by a 5 cm. square portion, cut from a large, firm 
leaf, mounted, and by a few small fragments in the original packet, 
which is labelled ‘‘Czeoma (Ur.) cylindrica populina Bet.” 

The fragments of leaf are well besprinkled with uredinia, and 
the microscopic examination shows essential similarity to the ure- 
dinial stage of Melampsora Meduse Thim., the common American 
rust on various species of Populus. The host may well be the Lom- 
bardy poplar (Populus dilatata Ait.), as stated, although no other 
collection on this host has come to hand. 


*2856. 46. C. U. epiteum, Lk. 112, on leaves of Salix nigra, over nearly the 
whole tree, Bethlehem. 


Represented by two short stems with respectively two and three 
attached leaves and three unattached leaves placed loosely in a 
mounted packet, and by small fragments of a young stem and leaves 
in the original packet, which was at first labelled “ Uredo epiteum 


9 


in Salici nigri Beth,” then the word “epiteum” crossed out and 
“Saliceti” substituted, and afterward the first wording restored. 
All the leaves are covered beneath rather sparingly with uredinia. 

The collection is the first to be recorded for the very common 
American form on various willows, Melampsora Bigelowii Thum. 
The spores are noticeably small and thin-walled for the species. 
The willow rusts are yet imperfectly understood. The host is 


clearly Salix nigra Marsh. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 211 


B. Subgenus 2CIDIUM. 


#2857. 47. C. A. Convallariatum, Lk. 114, on leaves of Smilacina racemosa, 
Bethlehem, very rare. 


Represented by a mounted specimen of the middle part 4.5. cm. 
long, of a 2.5 cm. wide leaf, bearing beneath about ten small groups 
of circinating «cia, and by an empty packet labelled “ A&cid Con- 
vallariatum Salem.” 

The rust is an hetercecious form, without doubt, and is usually 
considered to be the zcial stage of Puccinia Majanthe (Schum.) A. 
& H., occurring in both Europe and America on Phalaris and other 
grasses, but the genetic connection has not been fully established for 
the American material. 

We must assume that “Salem” on the original packet was an 
error for “ Bethl,” in view of the printed record, which is starred 
and does not mention Salem. 

The host was doubtless as stated, Vagnera racemosa (L.) 
Morong (Smuilacina racemosa Desf.) 


2858. 48. C. A. Uvulariatum, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 453, hardly C. Alliatum as re- 
ferred by Link, n. 116, for it differs in having spots rather small, 
never exceeding a fourth of an inch, also in being white. 
(453. 24. [4&cidium] Uvularie Sz. 

A. orbicular, white, delicate, peridia excentric, circinate, whtite, 
spore-mass white. 

Here and there on the leaves of Uvularia perfoliata. Peridia 
crowded in concentric circles, none in the center itself. Similar to 
A. Allii ursini, but the color in that is yellowish.) 


Represented by the proximal half of two perfoliate leaves at- 
tached to the 2.5 cm. stem, mounted, one of the leaves bearing a 
single, rather diffused group of ecia, and also by an empty packet, 
labelled on the inside “ A£cidium circinatum Rhlg In Uvularia perfol 
& Polygonatum Salem,” and on the outside “ AZcidium Uvulariatum 
LvS. Salem.” 

This rust has the same uncertain status as the preceding one, but 
is generally considered the ecial stage of Puccinia Majanthe 
(Schum.) Arth. Schweinitz’s name was changed on p. 309 of his 
later work to A2cidium (C@oma) uvulariatum. 


212 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


2859. 49. C. A. Smilacinatum, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 452, Lk. 117, not yet met 
with in Pennsylvania. 
(452. 23. [A®cidium] Smilacis Sz. 

A. wart-like, convex below, concave above, yellow-red, peridia 
copious, spores white. 

Here and there on leaves of Smilax rotundifolia and laurifolia. 
Very distinct. Making thick, conic-cylindric warts on the under side 
of the leaf. These warts are somewhat truncate and on the pulvinate- 
truncate part covered with sunken peridia, two lines to a quarter of 
an inch wide and two or three lines high. Spores white, rather large, 
oval, vesicular.) 


Represented by a nearly round leaf, 5 cm. in diameter, mounted, 
bearing one group of ecia, and by an empty packet labelled inside 
“ 7Xcidium Smilacis In S. rotundifol & al Salem,” with the addition 
“Czeoma Smilacinatum,” and on the outside “ A®cidium Smuilacina- 
tum LvS Salem.” 

This is the ecial stage of Puccinia Smilacis Schw., a rust that 
is widely distributed in the southern states, and tropical America. 
The ecia are rarely collected, and so far have been reported only 
from North and South Carolina. The name was changed by 
Schweinitz to 4icidium (Ce@oma) smilacinatum on page 309 of his 
later work. 


2860. 50. C. A. Aroidatum, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 457, [as A.] Caladii, on Arum 
virginicum, Salem. 
(457. 28. [Ecidium] Caladii Sz. 
A. simple, on very extended areas, peridia rufous-yellow, sphzria- 
form, spore-mass orange. 
Frequent in some years on the midrib of the leaves and the 
stems of Caladium sagittefolium; it kills the plants. The closéd 
peridia resemble Spheerias). 


Represented by the middle part, 3 cm. long, of a 5 cm. wide 
leaf, with over-mature «cia along midrib and large veins, now eaten 
by insects, and by an empty packet labelled inside “ Acidium Caladii 
In Calad. Salem,” with the later addition “ Czeoma aroidatum,” and 
on the outside “‘ Acidium Caladiatum LvS. Salem,” with the sub- 
sequent addition “ Aroidat.” 

This is the ecial stage of Uromyces Caladiti (Schw.) Farl., and 
on Peltandra virginica (L.) Kunth (Arum virginicum L.), see also 
no. 2839. The name Ceoma Aroidatum should have been credited 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 213 


to Link, n. 118. Schweinitz changed the name to Acidium 
(Ceoma) aroidatum on page 309 of his later work. 


*2861. 51. C. A. Dracontionatum, L.v.S., frequent on leaves and petioles, 
and also on the scapes of Arum dracontium, Bethlehem. Not 
the same as the preceding. Also Salem. 

C. spots pale, widely scattered over the leaf, occupying nearly the 
whole of it. Pseudoperidia large, scattered irregularly in dense 
clusters on the spot. Spores orange color. 


Represented by a much broken leaf, 3 by 5 cm., mounted, thickly 
covered beneath with large ecia, and by a packet labelled inside 
* 7Ecidium Dracontii In Aro Dracont Salem,” and on the outside 
“ 7Ecidium Dracontiatum LvS Salem,” containing a few very small 
fragments of leaf, showing cia. 

The differences noted by Schweinitz between this collection and 
the preceding one are now ascribed to the influence of the host, and 
the form is referred to Uromyces Caladii (Schw.) Farl, the host 
being Muricauda Dracontium (L.) Small (Arum Dracontium L., 
Arisema Dracontium Schott.). The name of the rust was changed 
to cidium (C@oma) dracontionatum on page 309 of his later 
work. 


*2862. 52. C. A. rubellatum, Lk. n. 120, rather rare on various species of 
Rumex, Salem and Bethlehem. Spots generally sterile. 


It is evident that Schweinitz should have cited here the follow- 
ing similar entry in his North Carolina list, and have omitted the 
asterisk. 


(433. 4. [4Ecidium] Rumicis. Frequently seen as spots on Rumex 
and Grossularia; but the fungus is very rarely perfect.) 


No specimen or packet remains to represent these records nor is 
there any in the Herb. Curtis at Harvard University. Both entries 
are without doubt founded upon errors of observation. Rumex 
leaves are often spotted from the action of fungi imperfecti which 
could easily be mistaken for the small zcia not uncommon on this 
host in Europe. The mention of Grossularia was doubtless in con- 
formity with Persoon, who thus associates these hosts. 


214 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


2863. 53. C. A. Lysimachiatum, Lk. 126, Syn. Car. 438, absolutely the same. 

In Pennsylvania, generally on L. racemosa. 

(438. 9. [Afcidium] Lysimachiz Sz. 

A. diffuse, pale, rather small, epiphyllous, peridia crowded, den- 
tate, spore-mass somewhat flesh colored. 

On leaves of Lysimachia quadrifolia and stricta, unless per- 
chance two species exist; for the one on quadrifolia is not pale, but 
tinged with a red color. It makes a rather small spot on the upper 
surface of the leaves.) 


Represented by a somewhat torn leaf, 1.5 by 4 cm., bearing be- 
neath a rather diffuse, compound group of old zcia, and by an empty 
packet labelled inside “ A*cidium Lysimachiz in L. quadrifol Sal,” 
and on the outside “A¢cidium Lysimachiatum in L. quadrif. 
Salem.” 

Schweinitz’s statement, “absolutely the same,” doubtless refers 
to a note in Link’s work as to the identity of American and Euro- 
pean material, which mycologists still hold in general with Schwei- 
nitz to be one, although Link was too uncertain about the matter to 
accept Schweinitz’s name as a basis or even as a synonym of his 
C. Lysimachiatum, founded upon Schlechtendahl’s C. Lysimachie, 
which was published two years later than Schweinitz’s name. The 
fungus iS now accounted the ecial stage of the Carex rust, usually 
called Puccinia limose Magn., a widely scattered but rather local 
species, recently given the name P. /ysimachiata (Link) Kern, there 
being already a P. Lysimachie of Karsten, 1879. 

Both spot and zxcia on the mounted leaf still appear reddish, as 
stated by Schweinitz for L. quadrifolia. The two names, L. stricta 
Ait. and L. racemosa Lam., are now considered synonyms of L. ter- 


Testis (1). See. 


2864. 54. C. A. Pentstemoniatum, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 449, Lk. p. 47, only ob- 
served in Carolina. 

(449. 20. [A®cidium] Pentastemonis Sz. 

A. orbicular, rather small, dense, purple, yellow beneath, peridia 
white, congested. 

Not infrequent on leaves and stems of Pentastemon hirsutus. 
Distinct species. Two lines broad. Peridia large for the size of the 
plants. Spores yellow-brown, simple, vericulose.) 


Represented by an original packet, containing three fragmentary 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 215 


leaves and a small portion of a stem, now in rather poor condition, 
and showing only a few ecia on one of the leaves, labelled inside 
“ Aeidium Pentstemonitis Salem,’ and on the outside “ Aécidium 
Pentstemoniat LvS Salem.” Although there is no mounted speci- 
men there are pin marks where one may have been attached. 

The rust is common in the eastern United States, and is the 
ecial stage of no. 2911, Puccinia Andropogonis Schw., as proven by 
cultures first made by the senior author in 1899 (Bot. Gaz., 29:272), 
and subsequently repeated a number of times. The southern Pent- 
stemon, corresponding to the northern P. hirsutus, is P. australis 
Small. Schweinitz changed the name of the rust to Acidium 
(Ceoma) pentstemoniatum on page 309 of his later work. 


2865. 55. C. A. Apocynatum, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 448, Lk. n. 135, not yet [seen] 
in Pennsylvania. 
(448. 19. [AE=cidium] Apocyni Sz. 

A. orbicular, very large, orange, pale below. Peridia arranged 
in a few concentric circles, somewhat fuscous. 

On leaves of Apocynum cannabinum in the mountains. Spots 
delicate. Peridia when closed from yellow to chestnut-brown or 
somewhat fuscous, when open with a pale, lacerate margin. Spores 
simple, white.) 


Represented by a mounted specimen of the middle part, 4 cm. 
long, of a 3.5 cm. wide leaf, bearing beneath two groups of ecia, 
centrally placed on dark spots 7 mm. across, and by a packet con- 
taining a small part of a leaf, showing no fungus. and labelled 
“ ZEcidium A pocyniatum in Apocyn. pubes. Salem.” 

This rust is not much better understood than in the days of 
Schweinitz. Only six other collections are known to the writers, 
which have come from Delaware, New Jersey, District of Columbia 
and North Carolina. It is probably a hetercecious form, but no 
suggestion has been made regarding the alternate host. The name 
was written Acidium (Ce@oma) apocynatum by Schweinitz on 
page 309 of his later work. 


2866. 56. C. A. Convolvulatum, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 454, very frequent also in 
Pennsylvania on C, panduratus. 
(454. 25. [AScidium] Ipomcee-pandurane Sz. 
A. very large, bullate, depressed above, white, peridia flexuose, 
rather large, elevated, ruptured by a slit, spore-mass cinereous- 
golden-red. 


216 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Frequent on the leaves of Ipomcea (Convolv.) pandurana. Per- 
idia thick, the loose epidermis larger than in almost any A¢cidia, ex- 
cept cornutum and cancellatum. Spores rather small, oblong.) 


Represented by a mounted stem, 7 cm. long, and part of two 
leaves, and by an original packet, containing ample material, and 
labelled inside “ AZcidium Ipomzz in pandurata & lacunosa Salem,” 
and on the outside “ A£cidium Convulvuliat LvS. Salem & Beth in 
Cony. pandurat.” 

The fungus is certainly and wholly Albugo Ipomee-pandurane 
(Schw.) Swingle one of the Peronosporales, and not a rust. The 
name was changed to Zcidium (C@oma) convolvulatum at page 309 
of the later work. 


2867. 57. C. A. Compositarum, Lk. n. 139, and frequent in Pennsylvania. 
a Prenanthis on Krigia, Salem, Syn. Car. 434. 
8 Eupatorie, Bethlehem, frequent on E. purpureum. 
(434. 5. [4Ecidium] Dandelionis Sz. 

Why not merely a variety of 7®cidium prenanthis, to which 
it is very similar? Spores subglobose, without septum and ped- 
icel, chestnut-brown. On leaves and stems of Tragopogon Dan- 
delion. Rare.) 


Represented by an original packet, containing a few very small 
fragments of a leaf with many ecia, and labelled inside “ Acidium 
Eupatoriz maculate Bethl,” and on the outside “ A®cidium Eupa- 
toriatum LvS Beth,” with “compositatum” written above. There 
is no packet for the other entry, and no mounted material for either, 
although there is indication that there may once have been a mount 
where pin marks now show. 

The ecia on Eupatorium are doubtless to be assigned to the 
widespread rust, Puccinia Eleocharidis Arth., very common both 
north and south, the uredinia and telia being on various species of 
Eleocharis, and the ecia on various species of Eupatorium, includ- 
ing both E. maculatum L. and E. purpureum L. As the fragment 
in the original packet shows the leaf to be smooth above with minute 
sparse pubescence beneath and not at all scabrous, the host is doubt- 
less E. purpureum and not E. maculatum, the conclusion evidently 
reached by Schweinitz. 

The identity of the form on Krigia is somewhat uncertain. The 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 217 


color of the spores fits well the uredinia of Puccinia Pyrrhopappt 
Syd. (P. Krigie Syd.), the only known collection on Krigia having 
been made by Dr. B. L. Robinson at Asheville, N. C., Aug. 2, 1893, 
on K. virginica Willd. But that form of rust has scattered sori, 
and not clustered as in an Aicidium. Schweinitz thought the fungus 
not unlike A2cidium Prenanthis Pers., and fortunately there is a 
specimen of this species in the Schweinitz collection, which had 
been received from Kunze. It consists of a smooth, thin, deltoid 
leaf, some 5 or 6 cm. across, which bore a single cluster of ecia, 
most of which has now disappeared. It is clear, nevertheless, that 
Schweinitz must have had an ecidioid fungus on the Krigia. The 
only known form on Krigia with clustered sori having “ chestnut- 
brown” spores is that of the short-cycle species which at another 
time and on another host Schweinitz called Puccinia maculosa (see 
no. 2922). The teliospores germinate at maturity in the sorus, and 
placing some of them under such magnification as Schweinitz prob- 
ably used, gives the appearance of “spores subglobose, without 
septum and pedicel.” 

The host was well known to the contemporaries of Schweinitz, 
and commonly called the “small dandelion” (see Muhlenberg’s 
Catalogue, p. 71). It was considered closely related to Prenanthes. 
The latest form of the name is Adopogon Dandelion (L.) Kuntze. 


*2868. 58. C. A. Hieraciatum, L.v.S., here and there on the leaves of H. 
paniculatum and maculatum, Bethlehem. 

C. spots deep purple, widely effused. Pseudoperidia circinate, on the 

center of the spot, margins beautifully fimbriate, spores orange. 


Represented by 5.5 cm. of a lanceolate leaf, 2 cm. wide, denticu- 
late, slightly pubescent beneath, having two groups of ecia, and by 
an empty packet labelled “ Atcidium hieractatum Lv Hieracii panicu- 
lat Beth.” 

The host is correctly named, for the leaf exactly matches the 
leaves of a phanerogamic specimen collected by Schweinitz at Salem, 
N. C., now in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy, which is 
without question H. paniculatum. 

The name of the rust was changed by Schweinitz to Acidium 
(Ceoma) hieraciatum on page 309 of the same work. The rust is 


218 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


undoubtedly identical with a widespread species, having telia on 
Carex and ecia on many Cichoriaceous hosts, but it has not been 
reported by any other collector on Hieracium paniculatum. The 
species has generally been called Puccimia patruelis Arth., but 
Schweinitz’s specific name is much older and should therefore be 
used, making the name P. hieraciata (Schw.) comb. nov. No other 
collections of P. Mieraciata, either of ecial or telial stages, are 
known with certainty east of Michigan and Indiana, but it is not im- 
probable that the species occurs sparingly in the eastern mountains. 


*2869. 59. C. A. Erigeronatum, L.v.S., rather rare but ample on E. hetero- 
phyllus, Bethlehem. 
C. spots very large, yellowish, rather thick. Pseudoperidia densely 
and irregularly scattéred, elevated, Spores yellowish. 


Represented by the major part, 5.5 cm. in length, of two leaves, 
2 and 3 cm. broad respectively, the smaller showing four groups of 
zcia, and the larger many ecia thickly and evenly grouped over 
an area 2.5 cm. across, and also by an empty packet labelled inside 
“ 7Ecidium Flosculosorum Salem,” later added below “in Solidago, 
Erigeron, Aster,” and still later added above “ Czeoma asteratum,” 
and finally “erigeronatum,’ and also labelled on the outside 
“ 7Xcidium compositat Erigeronatum LyvS Bethl.” 

The host, which has been compared with phanerogamic speci- 
mens, is certainly Erigeron annuus Pers. (E. heterophyllus Muhl.), 
and the rust is the common one on this host, being the ecial stage 
of Puccinia Asterum (Schw.) Kern, and belonging to the physio- 
logical race represented by the name Puccinia Caricis-Erigerontis 
Arth., as proven by cultures. Schweinitz changed his name to 
Ecidium (C@oma) erigeronatum on page 309 of the same work. 


2870. 60. C. A. Asteratum, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 444, Lk. 143, common, especially 
on A. paniculatus. Link does well to join with this C. Soli- 
daginis, Syn. Car. 446, and C. Verbesine, 445. But C. Helianthi 
does not belong here. 
(444. 15. [Acidium] Asterum Sz. 

A. effuse, confluent, very delicate, pale, purplish, peridia aggre- 
gated, immersed, spore-mass white. 

Here and there on leaves and stems of smooth leaved Asters.— 
Spores rather large, vescicular, globose or oblong, simple.) 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 219 


(445. 16. [ZEcidium] Verbesine Sz. 

A. oval, rather thick, small, pale reddish yellow, peridia few, 
prominent, white. 

Frequent on Verbesina, Sigesbeckia, and others. Spots four 
lines in diameter. Spores simple, very small, pale, margins of the 
peridia entire.) 

(446. 17. [A&cidium] Solidaginis Sz. 

A. effuse, rather large, peridia scattered, minute. 

Frequent on stems of Solidagos before flowering. Similar to the 
preceding. ) 


Neither specimens nor packets remain to represent these entries. 
Schweinitz was right in putting the Solidago ecia with those on 
Aster. They go with the Aster-Solidago-Erigeron-Carex combina- 
tion lately passing under the name, Puccinia extensicola Plowr., 
along with the preceding number, one belonging to the physiological 
race, Puccinia Caricis-Asteris, and the other to that of P. Caricts- 
Solidaginis as abundantly indicated by cultures. The present ac- 
cepted name is Puccinia Asterwm (Schw.) Kern. 

He was also right in excluding A. Helianthi-mollis, here given 
under the subsequent number; but he was wrong in retaining A. 
Verbesine. The Verbesina xcia belong with the autcecious rust 
Puccinia Verbesine Schw. (see no. 2925), a rust which is common 
throughout the southern states. All collections of this species ap- 
pear to be on V. occidentalis (L.) Walt., which doubtless was the 
host of Schweinitz’s no. 445. No rust has yet come to hand on 
Siegesbeckia (Actinomeris), and the inclusion of the name must 
have been due to an assumption not supported by collections. 
Schweinitz claimed authorship of this species, hence places his 
initials after the name, although Link was the first to write it in this 
form, as Schweinitz was well aware. The name was written by 
Schweinitz Acidium (C@oma) asteratum on page 309 of his later 
work. 


2871. 61. C. A. Helianthatum, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 450, frequent on H. mollis. 
Rare in Pennsylvania. 
(450. 21. [A®cidium] Helianthi mollis Sz. 
A. oblong, thick, whitish, peridia congested, pale, spores oblong. 
Frequent on the under side of the leaves of Helianthus mollis; 


220 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


hairy. Spores under the microscope yellow-fuscous, vesicular; when 
old pellucid, white.) 

Represented by a lanceolate, very tomentose leaf, 4.5 cm. long, 
and part of another similar leaf, both mounted, showing small 
groups of ecia. An empty packet is labelled inside “ A‘cidium 
Helianthi mollis Salem,” and outside “‘ AXcidium helianthatum LvS. 
on Helianthi molli Salem.” 

The name was changed by Schweinitz to 4cidium (Ceoma) 
helianthatum on page 309 of his later work. This collection rep- 
resents the basis for the earliest name to be applied to any part of 
the cycle of the American sunflower rust which is generally called 
Puccinia Helianthi Schw. A less convenient, but technically more 
correct name, therefore, is P. Helianthi-mollis (Schw.) comb. nov. 


*2872, 62. C. A. Trachelifoliatum, L.v.S., here and there on the leaves of 
Helianthus trachelifolius, Bethlehem. 

C. spots broadly effuse, yellowish or rufous, confluent, large. Pseu- 
doperidia very densely aggregated in the center, as if crowded 
and appressed to each other, and hence somewhat angular, mod- 
erately elevated; margin not fimbriate. Spores yellow, finally 
decolored. 


Represented by parts of two originally large leaves, 3 and 4 cm. 
broad respectively, mounted, and by three broken leaves and many 
fragments in the original packet, which is labeled “ A¢cidium Heli- 
anthi trachelif.”” The leaves bear a number of groups of ecia. 

The fungus is the ecial stage of the common sunflower rust, 
Puccinia Helianthi-mollis, and the host, so far as the specimen 
shows, is as given by Schweinitz. The name was changed by 
Schweinitz to 4icidium (Ce@oma) trachelifoliatum on page 309 of 
the same work. 


*2873. 63. C. A. Gnaphaliatum, L.v.S., striking and very common in the late 
autumn on leaves (under side), also on the woolly stems of 
Gnaphalium polycephalum, Bethlehem. 

C. hypophyllous, at first cloaked in the wool of the leaves and stems. 
Spots more or less effuse, yellowish. Pseudoperidia only a few, 
but densely approximate, very often even single, very long, and 
very white, cylindric, apex fimbriate. Spores orange yellow. It 
is related to C. Pini in the form of the peridium. 


Represented by two stems, each 6 cm. long, and many crumpled 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 221 


leaves, loose in a mounted packet, and by two original packets, one 
containing a stem 12 cm. long, and a few leaves, labelled “ Aécidium 
Gnaphalites LvS 1828,” and another containing a few leaves labelled 
“Croma AEcidium Gnaphalitum LvS. spec. exim.” The collection 
shows a few ecia. 

The host is without doubt G. obtusifolium L. (G. polycephalum 
Michx.), and the rust is the cial form of what has commonly been 
called Puccinia investita Schw. (no.°2932), but owing to the prior- 
ity in position of the present specific name, should be called P. 
gnaphaliata (Schw.) comb. nov. The name was changed by 
Schweinitz to 4icidium (Ce@oma) gnaphalitatum on page 309 of the 
same work. 


2874. 64. C. A. Clematitatum, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 447—and collected in Penn- 
sylvania—a good species. 
(447. 18. [AE%cidium] Clematitis Sz. 
A. pale red, peridia congested, few. 
On younger leaves of Clematis Virginiana, Bethany. A valid 
species ?) 


Represented neither by a specimen nor a packet. In his Caro- 
lina list Schweinitz was in doubt about the validity of his species, 
but later felt assured, and consequently added “a good species” in 
his later list. There can be no question, however, that the fungus 
is one identical with the well-known 4icidium Clematidis DC., and 
which has now been proven by cultures in both Europe and Amer- 
ica to be the ecial stage of Puccinia Clematidis (DC.) Lagerh. (P. 
Agropyri Ellis & Ev.). 

The variable use of ¢ and d in forming the suffix was not un- 
common among the earlier mycologists, where in recent years d 
only is employed, thus the spelling ‘“ Clematitis,” instead of Clema- 
tidis, etc. 

Schweinitz changed the name to 4cidiwm (C@oma) clematita- 
tum on page 309 of his later work. 


2875. 65. C. A. Ranunculaceatum, Lk. [n.] 150. Frequent, Carolina (Syn. 
Car. 440) and Pennsylvania on various species of Ranunculus, 
e. g. R. abortivus and others. 


PROC. AMER. PHIL. SOC., VOL. LVII, P, JULY 17, 1918. 


222 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


(440. 11. [A®cidium] Ranunculi (abortivi). Frequent on the round 
radical leaves, almost devoid of spots.) 


Represented by three radical leaves of Ranunculus abortivus L., 
2.5 cm. broad, mounted, well covered beneath with ecia, and by an 
empty packet labelled inside “ A®cidium Ranunculi nitidi Salem,” 
and outside A®cidium ranunculiat Ran abortivi Sal & Bet.” 

Schweinitz was correct in his first list in considering this fungus 
distinctive, and in error later in assigning it to Link’s inclusive 
species. It occurs only in America, and in the eastern United States 
only on Ranunculus abortivus, being the cial form of Puccinia 
Eatome Arth. 


*2876. 66. C. A. Cimicifugatum, L.v.S., very beautiful, rather rare on leaves 
of Cimicifuga racemosa, Bethlehem. Where found almost all 
leaves are infested. 

C. spots large, orbicular, yellow, bullate. Pseudoperidia on the lower 
surface, concentric, very long, cylindric, apex at first closed, 
then subfimbriate. Spores orange, becoming white. 


Represented by parts of three leaves, each part about 4 cm. 
long, mounted, showing considerable groups of very long cylindric 
peridia, and by an empty packet labelled inside “ A*cidium Actzeze 
near Easton on Delaware very rare,” and on the outside “ AXcidium 
Actezatum LvS Bethl,” with Actezatum crossed out and “ Cimici- 
fugatum” substituted for it. 

This imperfectly known rust is even at the present time a rare 
form. It is probably hetercecious, and may belong to some grass 
rust. Schweinitz changed the name to 4icidium (C@oma) cimici- 
fugatum on page 309 of the same work. 


*2877. 67. C. A. Hibisciatum, L.v.S., on leaves of Hibiscus militaris, Beth- 
lehem, cultivated, not rare. 
C. spots orbicular, yellowish, confluent. Pseudoperidia irregularly 
but densely scattered, delicate, yellow. Spores not compact but 
loose, yellowish. 


Represented by one obliquely triangular-ovate leaf, 3 by 5 cm., 
mounted, having many groups of ecia, and by an empty packet 
labelled “Czoma Ecidium Hibiscatum LvS in H. militaris Beth.” 

The rust is the ecial stage of Puccinia hibisciata (Schw.) 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 223 


Kellerm. (P. Muhlenbergie Arth. & Holw.), on Muhlenbergia and 
other grasses, as repeatedly proven by cultures. Schweinitz changed 
the name to Acidium (C@oma) hibisciatum on page 309 of the 
same work. 


*2878. 68. C. A. Hepaticatum, L.v.S., scarcely C. quadrifidum, Lk. n. 152. 
Here and there on degenerate leaves, i. e., not trilobate, but nearly 
reniform and multilobed, of Anemone hepatica, Bethlehem. 

C. spots entirely wanting; the leaf, nevertheless, on which it rests 
degenerates. Pseudoperidia very large, broad, the margin ex- 
actly cleft into four parts, revolute, the lobes broad, brown. 
Spores fuscous-brown. Occupying the whole leaf. 


Represented only by an empty packet labelled ‘‘ A°cidium He- 
paticatum Bethlehem, 24.” 

It is probable that the failure to recognize this rust as the 
Ecidium quadrifidum DC., found on Anemone in Europe, was 
largely due to the peculiar distortion of the leaf produced by the 
fungus in the case of Hepatica. The form on both Hepatica and 
Anemone is the ecial stage of the plum rust, Tranzschelia punctata 
(Pers.) Arth. (Puccinia Pruni-spinose Pers.), and is on the common 
liverleaf of the eastern states, Hepatica Hepatica (L.) Karst. (H. 
triloba Chaix., Anemone Hepatica L.). The combination Acidium 
(Ceoma) hepaticatum is made by Schweinitz on page 309 of the 
same work. 


2879. 69. C. A. Geraniatum, Lk. 156, on leaves of Geranium maculatum and 
G. carolinianum. Exactly identical with the European. Syn. 
Car. 443. 

(443. 14. [Ecidium] Geranii maculati Sz. 

A. diffuse, hypophyllous, thickened, red, peridia dense, broad, 
smooth on the margin, spores yellow. 

Frequent and large on leaves of Geranium maculatum. On the 
upper surface of the leaves it makes a diffuse spot. Peridia densely 
aggregated. Spores simple, globose, cellular under the microscope, 
yellow-fuscous; some are united in pairs as if compound, and very 
rarely are furnished with a pedicel. ) 


Represented by the central part of a leaf, 2 by 3 cm., mounted, 
showing one large group of cia, and by an empty packet labelled 
inside “ AScidium Geranii maculat Salem,’ and on the outside 
“ZEcidium Geraniatum LvS G. maculat Salem.” 


224 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Schweinitz’s inclusion of Geranium carolinianum as one of the 
hosts must have been a hasty generalization. A specimen of this 
plant in the phanerogamic herbarium at the Philadelphia Academy 
of Sciences, obtained by Schweinitz at Salem, shows that he was 
familiar with the plant, but no zcia are known to have ever been 
collected on the species, or on any American Geranium with similar 
leaves. 

Although Schweinitz adopted Link’s name, yet Link hesitated to 
place the American rust under his species, and properly so as time 
has proven. Link’s form is a stage of Uromyces Geran (DC.) 
Otth & Wartm., an entirely different rust. 

The Schweinitz form is the ecial stage of Puccinia Polygoni- 
amphibii Pers., as established by cultures in both this country and 
Europe. Recently some European mycologists have considered 
that the American form of this widespread species should be treated 
as distinct from the European form. But it would doubtless be 
better to consider the species as made up of a number of more or 
less distinct races, and that the common form in America is a race 
different from the common form in Europe. 


2880. 70. C. A. Impatientatum, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 442, Link pag. 57 in a note, 
also Bethlehem. 
(442. 13. [/Ecidium] Impatientis Sz. 
A. effuse, large, becoming pale, peridia in the center, sparse, 
crenate, spores rather large, yellow-fuscous, simple. 
Frequent in May on the leaves of Impatiens maculata. It swells 
the leaves and stains a broad yellowish spot, darker in the center.) 


Represented by part of a leaf, about 3 cm. long, and 2 cm. wide, 
mounted, bearing a single large group of ecia, and by an empty 
packet labelled inside “ A%cidium Impatientis Salem,” and outside 
“ 7Ecidium Impatientat LvS Salem.” 

Link, at the place cited, indicated the possibility that this form 
might belong with the preceding one. It is, however, different, 
although having much similarity in gross appearance. It is, in fact, 
the cial form of the American Puccinia Impatientis (Schw.) Arth. 
(P. perminuta Arth.), having telia on Elymus, Agrostis and other 
grasses, as proven by cultures. The name was changed by Schwei- 
uitz to Zcidium (C@oma) impatientatum on page 309 of his later 
work. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 225 
2a8r.. 71. GC. A. Berberidatum, Lk. 157, on Berberis canadensis, Carolina. 


This number is not starred, and it is probable that a reference 
to the record in the North Carolina list was omitted unintentionally. 
It is here added. 


(437. 8. [AE£cidium] Berberidis. Rather rare on leaves of Berberis 
vulgaris, covering the mountains of Wilkes County.) 


Represented by a mounted specimen of a stout, ash-gray stem, 
3.5 cm. long, having two fascicles of leaves, two full-grown leaves 
in one fascicle and three in the other, each leaf 1.5 by 3 cm. or some- 
what less, bearing a number of small groups of young ecia, one 
group only appearing mature (see cut). There is also an empty 


(LEE — 97 SY7t Koy: 


! 
| 


oe 


aT A. CA411t Ge OCetcgn 
Sele 


Fic. 1. From a photograph of the mounted specimen in the Academy of 
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, basis of Schweinitz’s No. 2881. Each 
specimen in the mounted set is treated essentially in the same manner. The 
writing was done by Michener. Engraved full size. 


| Ly SS. Lltte _ 
] 


% = 


” 


packet labelled inside “ A®cidium Berberidis,” and on the outside 
“ 7ZEcidium Berberidat in Berb canad Salem.” 


The rust is the ecial stage of Puccinia pocultformis (Jacq.) 


226 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Wettst. (P. graminis Pers.), whose telia are very common on grains 
and other grasses. The ecia have never been taken in America 
upon wild species of barberry, unless this record by Schweinitz is 
such an instance. In the Carolina list they are said to occur on 
Berberis vulgaris “covering the mountains of Wilkes County.” 
Evidently Schweinitz sometime after collecting his specimen some- 
where in the vicinity of Salem learned that the native Berberis in 
the mountains near Salem, N. C., is B. canadensis, and his collec- 
tion was later so labelled and so recorded in his North American list. 

There is in the herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia an ample and characteristic phanerogamic specimen 
of B. canadensis from Salem, N. C., collected by Schweinitz, and 
another from Statesville, N. C., collected by Gray, Sargent, Red- 
field and Canby, making it certain that B. canadensis did occur as 
stated. But comparing the mounted cryptogamic specimen, which 
must certainly have been the original collection, it is easy to see that 
it does not agree well with the phanerogamic specimen by Schwei- 
nitz or the same species by others, as it has the ash-gray bark of B. 
vulgaris, instead of the dark reddish-brown bark of B. canadensis. 

The evidence goes to show that although Schweinitz may have 
observed the native barberry “ covering the mountains,” yet the rust 
was “rather rare,” and on Berberis vulgaris, as it has generally 
been found to occur during the years that have followed, not only 
in the Carolinas but throughout the eastern United States. There 
is no reason to think that the rust will not as readily infect any 
Berberis in its native state as it does the cultivated species, but up 
to the present time there is no such authentic record. 


*2882. 72. C. A. grossulariatum, Lk. 162. Very frequent on various species 
of Grossularia in the mountains of Pennsylvania. 


Represented by twenty leaves mounted loose in a packet, the 
largest about 2 cm. across, showing a number of small groups of 
zcia, and by an empty packet labelled on the outside ‘“ A®cidium 
grossulariat Mauchunk in Gros oxya,” with an evident emendation 
“et Mauch Chunk Pensylva. in Rib oxyacanth Lv.” 


‘ 


written within 

Except one greenish fragment, the leaves are all of a dark 
brownish tint and similar in appearance. They may well be Grossu- 
laria oxyacanthoides (L.) Mill. (Ribes oxyacanthoides L.). 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 227 


The rust is the ecial stage of Puccinia Grossularie (Schum.) 
Lagerh., having telia on many species of Carex. 


2883. 73. C. A. Hypericatum, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 451, Lk. 159, here and there, 

also near Philadelphia. 
(451. 22. [Afcidium] Hyperici frondosi Sz. 

A. suborbicular (orange), peridia cylindric, elevated (white 
when dry), spores white. 

Frequent on leaves of Hypericum frondosum. Narrows of 
Yadkin, very beautiful, bright orange, making rather small but 
numerous spots sometimes almost devoid of the distinctive color. 
Peridia elevated as in Atc. Rhamni, to which somewhat related. 
Spores oblong, white, rather pellucid.) 


Represented by a dozen or so leaves, partly attached to short 
stems, mounted loose in a packet, the leaves showing a few small, 
circular groups of white, cylindric zcia, and by an original packet 
containing a few leaves labelled inside “‘ Afcidium Hyperici frondosi 
Narrows of Yadkin,” and outside “ A£cidium Hypericatum LvS Hyp 
frond Narrows of Yadkin Carol.” 

The host agrees with a phanerogamic specimen, labelled by 
’ now in the collection 
of the Philadelphia Academy, which is identified as H. prolificum L. 
The rust is the ecial stage of Uromyces Hyperici-frondosi (Schw.) 
Arth., and is undoubtedly on Hypericum prolificum L. (H. frondo- 
sum Michx.). The combination 4icidiwm (Ceoma) hypericatum 


Schweinitz “Hypericum frondosum, Salem,’ 


Schw. was made on page 309 of the later work. 


2884. 74. C. A. Violatum, Lk. 158, Syn. Car. 439, on leaves of various 
violets of Carolina and Pennsylvania, e. g., V. cucullata, obliqua, 
hastata, and the like. 

(439. 10. [A®cidium] Viole Conspect. fung. Niesk. p. 118. Occurs 
especially on Viola hastata, but also on other stemmed violets.) 


Represented by two specimens mounted, one of them being the 
end of a stem with two folded, cordate leaves and one young seed 
capsule, having «cia on the blade, petioles, stipules, and stem, and 
by a corresponding empty packet labelled “ A2cidium Violatum V. 
hastate LvS Salem.” 


228 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


This specimen has large zcia, and spores that correspond to the 
zciospores of Puccinia Viole (Schum.) DC. 

The other mounted specimen consists of one reniform leaf, 3 cm. 
broad, bearing three groups of ecia; and there is a corresponding 
empty packet labelled “ A®cidium Violatum V. obliqua Beth.” 

This specimen shows smaller ecia, and much smaller eciospores 
than the other, and is doubtless the ecial stage of Uromyces pedata- 
tus (Schw.) Sheldon. The host is in all probability Viola primule- 
folia L. 


*2885. 75. C. A. pedatum, L.v.S., in some years very common on leaves and 
petioles of Viola pedata, Bethlehem. 
C. spots very small, much elevated and proportionally thick, purplish, 
almost everywhere covered with rather large, somewhat high, 
subcylindric pseudoperidia. Spores pale. 


Represented by six leaves and one flower, mounted loose in a 
packet, showing many ecia, and an original packet, containing two 
very small leaves bearing a few small, irregular groups of zecia, which 
is labelled “ AEcid Viol. pedate Lv Bethl.” 

The cia and spores of this specimen, which are clearly on Viola 
pedata L., agree with those which were shown by cultures in 1910 
to be the ecial stage of Uromyces pedatatus (Schw.) Sheldon (U. 
Andropogonis Tracy), having telia on species of Andropogon. The 
name was changed to 4icidium (C@oma) pedatatum on page 309 of 
the same work. 


*2886. 76. C. A. sagittatum, L.v.S., on leaves of Viola sagittata, Bethlehem 
Scarcely the same. 
C. spots purple, but yellowish on the lower surface. Pseudoperidia 
slightly elevated, sparse, without order, on bullate spots, pale. 
Spores concolorous. 


Represented by a short caudex with five attached leaf stalks 
and three leaf blades, two of full size, 3 cm. long, one blade and one 
petiole bearing indefinite groups of ecia, and by an empty packet 
labelled “ AEcid. Viole sagittat LvS Bethl.” 

The necessity of discriminating microscopic fungi chiefly by their 
gross appearance and the effect produced upon the host led Schwei- 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 229 


nitz to think this collection “scarcely the same” as the preceding 
one on Viola pedata, although a careful microscopic examination 
shows that it has the same small spores and other characters which 
go with the ecia of Uromyces pedatatus (Schw.) Sheldon. The 
name was changed to 42cidium (Ceoma) sagittatum on page 309 
of the same work. 


2887. 77. C. A. luminatum, L.v.S., Syn. Car. [as A.] nitens, 458, also fre- 
quent in Pennsylvania on Rubus. The leaves, which with the 
whole plant are infested by this AEcidium, are degenerate (year 
after year.) 

(458. 29. [AEcidium] nitens Sz. 

A. simple, elongate, peridia very large, yellow, brilliant, at length 
irregularly ruptured, spore mass orange. 

Frequent on leaves, petioles and younger shoots of Rubus stri- 
gosus. Its perennial return so infests plants of the whole region that 
finally it entirely destroys them; summer. Resembles a Uredo, but 
it has a distinct peridium. Peridia finally confluent with each other.) 


Represented by five parts of leaves, each about 4 or 5 cm. long, 
in a mounted packet, and by many leaves and leaflets in the original 
packet, which is labelled inside “ A¢cidium nitens in Rubo villoso 
Salem Bethl Neujork,” and in another place “ Czoma luminatum,” 
and on the outside “ AEcidium luminatum LvS in Rub. villos Bethl 
& Salem.” All the leaves are covered with the rust and show the 
characteristic degeneration of the host. 

It was the custom generally followed by Schweinitz to preserve 
but the one original collection to represent each species. It is quite 
evident from its appearance that the ample material of the present 
species was all gathered at one time, and that it is all, or nearly all, 
from one plant, as it is very uniform. A part of the material has 
been seen by Dr. P. A. Rydberg, who monographed the genus Rubus 
for the ““ North American Flora,” and he states that the host can not 
possibly be R. strigosus, but that it may be R. procumbens Muhl., or 
more likely its southern representative R. Enslenii Walt., both of 
which usually passed under the name of “R. villosus,’ a century 
ago. It will be noticed that Schweinitz labelled his collection R. 
villosus and did not change it afterward, although he added Beth- 
lehem and New York for additional localities, and even changed the 
name of the rust to what he doubtless considered a better name, and 


230 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


~then turned the packet and placed on the outside his final record, 
still with the host as R. villosus. It is impossible even to surmise 
why he used RF. strigosus in the last printed account. The rust has 
never been found on R. strigosus in all the intervening years, and 
the use of that name by Schweinitz may certainly be taken as an 
error. 

The rust itself is of special interest. Until very recently it has 
-been identified with a similar rust of Europe, Gymnoconia iter- 
stitialis (Schl.) Lagerh., a long cycle, autcecious form, as proven by 
cultures. The same long-cycle form also occurs in this country, as 
also proven by cultures. Recently investigations by Kunkel have 
shown that there also occurs in this country a short-cycle form, 
whose telia are indistinguishable in appearance from the ecia of the 
long-cycle form, but differ in their mode of germination, and that 
only the short-cycle form has so far been observed in the southern 
states, although both forms occur northward. The senior author 
has recently (Bot. Gaz. 63:504. 1917) erected a new short-cycle 
genus with Schweinitz’s Salem collection as the type, so that it be- 
comes Kunkelia nitens (Schw.) Arth. The combination Acidium 
(Ceoma) luminatum was made on page 309 of Schweinitz’s later 


work. 


2888. 78. C. A. Podophyllatum L.v.S., Syn. Car. 435. Link on account of 
my inaccurate words in Syn. Car.—“ Spores bilocular,” inserted 
by a slip of the pen from the description of Puccinia Podophylh, 
an entirely different fungus—has wrongly placed this A¢cidium, 
the most remarkable of all, among the Puccinias. Ours usually 
occurs with thick bullate spots, rendering the broad leaves of 
Podophyllum contorted and deformed—with a diameter of 4-6 
inches. Pseudoperidia located in the center, slightly elevated, 
very densely crowded, rather large, and innumerable. The mar- 
gin of the spot, however, always sterile. Spores are not bilocular. 
(435. 6. [A®cidium] Podophylli Sz. 

A. very large, orbicular, at length diffuse, golden yellow, very 
dense, spores somewhat elevated, bilocular. 

Usually it extensively and injuriously affects the leaves and 
stems of Podophyllum, attracting the eye by its beautiful color.) 


Represented by four pieces of leaves about 4 by 6 cm., mounted 
loose in a packet, which are well covered with large groups ot ecia, 
and by an original packet containing a number of large fragments of 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 231 


leaves, bearing cia, which is labelled “ A®cidium Podophyllat LvS 
Sal & Beth.” 

The rust is the ecial form of the long-cycle, autcecious species, 
Puccinia Podophylli Schw. (see no. 2939), on Podophyllum peltatum 
L. The combination Acidium (Ceoma) podophyllatum was made 
on page 309 of the later work. 


#2889. 79. C. A. tenue, L.v.S., rather rare on leaves of Eupatorium agera- 
toides, Bethlehem. 
€; spots yellowish, evanescent, very delicate. Pseudoperidia sparse, 
slightly elevated, but, what is peculiar, erumpent on both sur- 
faces, closed on the upper, open on the under. Spores pale. 


Represented by a mounted portion of leaf, cut 3.5 cm. square, 
bearing six or eight groups of zcia, and by an empty packet, which 
is labelled inside “ A£cidium tenue Nobis In fol ignot Deetwiler,” 
and afterward “Eupat. agerat” substituted for “ignot,’ and is 
labelled outside ‘‘ A*cidium tenue in fol Eupat ageratoid Dettyler.” 

This is the xcial form of Puccinia tenuis (Schw.) Burrill, an 
autcecious rust. The name is written 4cidium (C@oma) tenue on 
page 309 of the same work. 


*2890. 80. C. A. Euphorbie hypericifoliz, L.v.S., frequent on leaves of E. 
hypericifolia, Salem and Bethlehem. It is not identical with C. 
Euphorbiatum Lk., nor does it make the leaves degenerate. 

C. spots small, deep purple on the upper surface, yellowish on the 
lower. Pseudoperidia aggregated, subconically elevated, and 
somewhat excavated. Spores orange. 


Although this number is starred and the earlier work is not di- 
rectly cited, yet the naming of Salem as a locality undoubtedly has 
reference to Syn. Car. 455, which in fact must be considered the 
basis of Schweinitz’s new name. 


(455. 26. [4AEcidium] Euphorbiz. Here and there on the leaves of 
Euphorbia hypericifolia, but does not make them degenerate. ) 


Represented by a mounted fragment of a leaf, about I cm. square, 
well covered with ecia, and by an empty packet labelled “ A&cidium 
Euphorb. hypericif Salem.” 


232 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


The rust is the ecial stage of Uromyces proéminens (DC.) Pass., 
and the host is Chamesyce Preslii (Guss.) Arth. (Euphorbia Preslu 
Guss.), which passed under the name of E. hypericifolia in Schwei- 
nitz’s time. Link’s Ceoma Euphorbiatum is an entirely different 
species, being the ecial stage of a hetercecious form. On page 309 
of Schweinitz’s later work the name is changed to Acidium 
(Ceoma) Euphorbie hypericifolie. 


*2891. 81. C. A. Houstoniatum, L.v.S., rather rare, but where occurring 
very copious on stem, leaves and peduncles of Houstonia 
ceerulea, Bethlehem. 

C. without distinct spots. Pseudoperidia elevated, pale, subconic, 
apex contracted, and somewhat excavated. Spores orange. The 
infected and somewhat degenerate plants, nevertheless, flower. 


Represented by three or more entire plants mounted loose in a 
packet, all considerably drawn, but a few with flowers, and by an 
original packet containing many rusted plants, which is labelled 
“ Acidium Houstoniatum LvS Beth.” 

The rust is the cial stage of Uromyces houstoniatus (Schw.) 
Sheldon, having telia on Sisyrinchium, as proven by cultures. The 
combination 4icidium (Ceoma) houstoniatum is made on page 309 
of the same work. 


*2892. 82. C. A. Claytoniatum, L.v.S., on C. virginica from New York. 
Communicated by Dr. Torrey. 
C. almost simple and without spots, occupying the entire leaf. 
Pseudoperidia broad, sparse. Spores orange. 


Represented by a mounted stem, 5 cm. long, with one unopened 
flower and two leaves, the leaves covered with ecia, and by an orig- 
inal packet containing one narrowly linear leaf, 6 cm. long, and 
labelled “ A®cidium Claytoniat LvS Torrey.” 

A rather common rust, being the ecial stage of Puccinia clay- 
toniata (Schw.) Peck. Schweinitz made the combination 4cidium 
(Ceoma) claytoniatum on page 309 of the same work. 


*2893. 83. C. A. Pyrolatum, L.v.S., on the under side of the leaves of Pyrola 
rotundifolia. Dr. Torrey. 

C. without spots. Pseudoperidia sparse, occupying the whole leaf, 

but not transforming it, pulvinate-elevated, pale, or orange with 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 233 


the spores. Finally these having fallen out Peziza-form cavities 
are left in the leaf. 


Represented by half of a leaf, nearly 4.5 cm. broad, mounted, 
which is thickly covered with uredinia, and by an empty packet 
labelled “ 7Ecidium Pyrolatum LvS in P. rotundifol Torr.” 

The rust is the uredinial stage of Melampsoropsis Pyrole (DC.) 
Arth. (Chrysomyxa Pyrole Rostr.), but was naturally mistaken for 
an A&cidium by Schweinitz, as it possesses catenulate spores. The 
host may have been P. wliginosa Torr., rather than P. rotundifolia 
L. The name Zcidium (Ce@oma) pyrolatum is used by Schweinitz 
on page 309 in the same work. 


*2894. 84. C. A. Myricatum, L.v.S., on leaves and especially on petioles of 
Myrica cerifera, communicated to me from New York by my 
friend Dr. Torrey. 

C. spots on strongly swollen petioles, dark purple, black where dry, 
and out of the spots project the dense pseudoperidia, rather 
large, widely ‘open, brown, filled with yellowish spores. 


Represented by a mounted specimen, consisting of a terminal 
portion of stem, 2 cm. long, with four leaves attached, three being 
somewhat over 4 cm. long and 18 mm. wide, and with an abundance 
of cia on the hyertrophied terminal bud, 2.5 cm. long, and by an 
original packet containing 3 cm. of stem with four leaves attached 
but without zcia, which is labelled on the inside “ A=cidium Myricz 
on Myrica cerifera L,” and on the outside “ AXcidium Myricatum 
LvS in Myr. cerifera Torrey.” 

This is the zcial form of Gymnosporangium myricatum (Schw.) 
Fromme (G. Ellisii Farl.), as proven by cultures, the telia of which 
occur on Chamecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S. P. The name is changed 
to 4cidium (Ce@oma) myricatum on page 309 of the same work. 


*2895. 85. C. A. Osmundatum, L.v.S., found on the fronds of Osmunda 
spectabilis and communicated by Torrey, but in drying so de- 
stroyed, that it is not possible correctly to describe it: the species 
nevertheless evidently distinct: spores ferruginous. 


Represented by a narrowly triangular, lateral part of frond, 2. 
em. long, blackish purple, mounted, and by an empty packet labelled 
“ AZcid ? Osmundatum in O. spectab Torrey.” Schweinitz used the 


234 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


name 4:cidium (C@oma) osmundatum on page 309 of the same 
work. 

The structure of this fungus is not evident, although there is an 
abundance of globoid, brown spores present. The spores are 13-16 p 
in diameter, and echinulate or verruculose. They resemble smut 
spores, but Clinton in his monograph of the Ustilaginales in the 
North American Flora (7:24. 1906), where it is mentioned as 
Ustilago Osmunde Peck, excludes the species from that order and 
suggests that it may be a Hyphomycete. The latest name is Myco- 
syrinx Osmunde Peck (N. Y. State Mus. Rep., 1911, page 43). 


*2806. 86. C. A. Pyratum, L.v.S., rather rare on leaves of Pyrus coronaria, 
Bethlehem. By no means identical with C. Roestelites. 

C. spots on upper surface, orbicular, red, on the border ochraceous, 
center blackish. On the lower side there appear pseudoperidia 
very densely crowded, subconcentric, only a little elevated, 
margin beautifully multifid-fimbriate; the parts straight, not at 
all revolute, divergent, pale. Spores fuscous. 


Represented by one oblong leaf, 3.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, 
broken across the middle, and mounted loose in packet, bearing nu- 
merous zcia on a somewhat hypertrophied spot, and by an empty 
packet labelled on the inside “ Ceeoma (Reestelia) coronariatum LvS 
Salem in Pyr. coronar,” with “ Acid” later substituted for Reestelia, 
and on the outside ‘‘ AXcidium Coronariatum LvS in Pyro conar. 
Salem.” 

The leaf is clearly that of Malus coronaria (L.) Mill. (Pyrus 
coronaria L., P. angustifolia Ait.), the rust being cia of Gymno- 
Sporangium Juniperi-virgimane Schw. To the mounted specimen is 
attached another packet containing a little larger, more lanceolate 
leaf, with numerous ecia of the same sort, bearing an inscription 
by Dr. W. G. Farlow, saying it is from the Herb. Curtis, on Pyrus 
angustifolia, Society Hill, N. C., no. 1226, and corresponds with 
Schweinitz’s type of A. pyratum. The name Acidium (Ce@oma) 
pyratum is given on page 309 of the same work. 


*2897. 87. C. A. sambuciatum, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 441, frequent on petioles 
and leaves of Sambucus canadensis, also Bethlehem. A further 
diagnosis follows. 

C. spots intumescent, often very large (i. e. 2 inches) on petioles, 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA, 235 


rather pale. Pseudoperidia large, dense, elevated, orange or 
pale, margin fuscous. Spores orange-fuscous, becoming de- 
colored. All much smaller on the leaves—pseudoperidia 
densely aggregated. 
(441. 12. [AEcidium] Sambuci Sz. 
A. maculiform, large, thick, contorting the leaves, orange, 
becoming white, peridia minute, and spores simple, pale. 
Chiefly on the larger veins on the leaves, and on the petioles 
of Sambucus Canadensis. It distorts the leaves. Color orange- 
saffron; peridia sparse, spore-mass pale yellowish white.) 


Represented by parts of two compound leaves and bits of hyper- 
trophied rachis, mounted loose in a packet, showing numerous small 
groups of zcia, together with an original packet containing frag- 
ments of two leaves, also bearing small groups of ecia, labelled on 
the inside “ 7Ecidium Sambuci In Samb canad. Sal & Bethl,” and on 
the outside “ 7Ecidium Sambuciatum LvS Bethl.” 

This is the cial condition of Puccinia Sambuci (Schw.) Arth. 
(P. Bolleyana Sacc.), a common rust in the eastern United States, 
having telia on Carex. The asterisk before this number is a typo- 
graphical error. The name Acidium (Ce@oma) sambuciatum is 
given on page 309 of the same work. 


2898. 88. C. A. Urticatum, Lk. n. 169, Syn. Car. 436, very rare on Urtica. 
Salem, also at the same place on Cynoglossum amplexicaule. 
(436. 7. [4Ecidium] Asperifolii. Rather rare on Cynoglossum 
amplexicaule. ) 


Represented by neither a specimen nor an original packet at 
Philadelphia or in the Michener collection at Washington, or in the 
Herb. Curtis at Harvard University. Cynoglossum virginicum L. 
(C. amplexicaule Michx.) is not known to bear a rust. Neither is 
any rust known on Urtica so far south as North Carolina, although 
eecia are common north of the 39th parallel of latitude. 

The association of Urtica and Cynoglossum probably is carried 
over from European observations as given in the work by Albertini 
& Schweinitz (1. c., p. 117). It is probable that some appearance 
of the leaves misled Schweinitz into thinking that he had found in 
America the same rusts he had observed in Saxony. 


236 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


y Subgen. RG@STELIA or CERATITES. 


2899. 89. C. R. Cylindrites, Lk. n. 172, Syn. Car. 432, under this name are 
included the following Czomata, perhaps to be separated as 
species. 

a. C. Crategi punctate, pseudoperidia divergent fibrous, swollen in 
the middle—white. Pennsylvania. 

8. C. Crategi arborescentis, spots small, red, pseudoperidia not fibrous, 
of various forms, fuscous-red. Near Fayetteville, Carolina. 

y. C. Oxyacanthe, very large, very frequent near Philadelphia in 
hedges. 

5. C. Mali, on leaves of Pyrus malus and coronaria, spots small but 
effuse. Pseudoperidia minute. 

(432. 3. [AEcidium] Crategi var. Oxycanthe. A rare species on 
leaves of various Crategi.) 


Represented in each of the four forms by specimens and orig- 
inal packets from which it is possible to show that Schweinitz’s sur- 
mise was right, that they belonged to four distinct species. 

a. Represented by one leaf, 8 cm. long, of what is probably 
Crategus punctata Jacq., mounted, bearing six groups of ecia, and 
by two smaller but similar leaves, about 6 cm. long and 4.5 cm. broad, 
with no mature ecia, in the original packet, labelled inside “ Reestelia 
(cornuta) oxyacanthe In Crat. pyrifol Bethl,” with “cornuta” 
crossed out, and “ Czoma cylindrites”” written above, and outside 
labelled “ Czoma (Ceratites) Crategi punctate Bethl aff. penicillat.” 

The rust proves by microscopic examination to be the ecia of 
Gymnosporangium globosum Far}. 

8. Represented by a mounted leaf, 4.5 cm. long and about same 
width, of what is probably Crategus viridis L. (C. arborescens Ell.), 
bearing four groups of ecia, and by half of a similar leaf with one 
group of pycnia, in the original packet, labelled outside “ Caeoma 
(Ceratites) Afcidium Crategi arborescentes Fayetteville.’ Half of 
a similar but smaller leaf, with one group of ecia, is in the Michener 
collection at Washington, property of the U. S. Department of Agri- 
culture. 

This ecial rust is that of the very distinctive southern species 
Gymnosporangium hyalinum (Cooke) Kern, whose telia are not yet 
known. 

y. Represented by a large, 4.5 cm. broad and originally much 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA, 237 


longer leaf, mounted loose in a packet bearing five large, circinating 
groups of «cia, and by a small fragment of leaf about 3 cm. long, 
bearing zcia, in the original packet, labelled inside “ Reestelia oxy- 
acanthe q in Crat. oxyacant prope Philadelphia,” and above this 
“Czeoma cylindrites,” and labelled outside “2 Caoma 
(Ceratites) cylindrites oxyacanthe in Hedgerows Philad. vulgatis- 


‘ 


written later 


sima.” 

This zcial rust observed by Schweinitz to be very common, on 
what was doubtless the English hawthorn (Crategus Oxyacantha 
L.) and thought distinctive, was not again recognized until a trip by 
Dr. Frank D. Kern and the senior author to South Carolina in 
March, 1910, brought it to light. It belongs to Gymnosporangium 
trachysorum Kern, having telia on Juniperus virginiana. 

5. Represented by one large, 5 cm. broad, and originally 10 cm. 
long, strongly pubescent leaf of the cultivated apple, bearing numer- 
ous small groups of ecia, one half, 4 cm. long, being mounted, and 
the other half, 5 cm. long, in the original packet, which is labelled 
inside ‘“‘ Reestelia cancellata In Pyro coronario Salem,” with all but 
the first word afterward crossed out, as if it were an error, and “8 
penicillatum var Mali” substituted, and added below “var. in Malo 
Bethl,” and still later there was written above ‘‘ Czeoma cylindrites,” 
while on the outside the packet was labelled “2 Czeoma (Ceratites) 
cylindrites 8 penicillat in Pyr. Malo Beth.” 

The rust proves to be the ecial stage of Gymnosporangium 
Juniperi-virgimiane Schw. and on the common apple Malus Malus 
(L.) Britton (Pyrus Malus L.). 

The entry in the North Carolina list, no. 432, is not represented 
by a specimen, and is too indefinite to be associated with any certain 
species, unless the form £ be considered to cover it. 


2900. 90. C. R. Roestelites, Lk. 173. A®cid. cancellatum, Syn. Car. 433 
[error for 431]. In Bethlehem in an old orchard rejoicing in 
huge trees of Pyrus malus. In late autumn I have seen some of 
these trees, for 6-7 years, so covered by this fungus that the 
leaves appear red from a long distance. 

(431. 2. [4£cidium] cancellatum. Very rare, only once on pear 
leaves. ) 


Represented by two sets of very unlike leaves, part of each being 


PROC. AMER. PHIL. £OC., VOL. LVII, Q, JULY 17. 1918. 


238. ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


mounted. One of these consists of parts of two apple leaves, cut 
lengthwise, 5 or 6 cm. long, mounted, bearing many small groups of 
zecia, and two similar pieces of leaves in the original packet, which is 
labelled “ Czeoma Acid. Reestelites cancellat in Pyro malo arbores 
maximas ad mortem egens 1829 Bethl.’”’ The other consists of two 
ovate pear leaves (Pyrus communis L.), 6 cm. long, mounted, and 
two similar, smaller leaves with another fragment in the original 
packet, each leaf bearing one to three large groups of ecia, the packet 
being labelled “2 Caeoma (Ceratites) A®cidium Restelites cancellat 
in Pyro Bethlehem.” 

The zcia on the apple leaves belong to Gymnosporangium Juni- 
peri-virginiane Schw., and those on the pear leaves belong to G. 
globosum. 


2901. gt. C. R. Fraxinites, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 430, Lk. 170, Aécidium fraxini. 
Rather to be placed here; here and there; Bethlehem, on ash 
leaves. 

(430. 1. [A®cidium] Fraxini Sz. 

A. peridia elevated into a depressed chestnut-colored cone, at 
length splitting into the broad lacinie. It makes round chestnut 
spots on the leaves, prominent beneath, flat above, surrounded by a 
fuscous margin.) 


Represented by two lengthwise halves, 1.5 by 6 cm., of broadly 
lanceolate leaflets, mounted, together bearing thirteen round groups of 
gecia on much swollen dark spots, but too young to show open peridia, 
and by an empty packet, labelled inside ‘‘ Reestelia Fraxini In Frax. 
Salem,” with a later addition above “ Ceoma Reestelites Fraxinitum,” 
with “ Reestelites’’ afterward crossed out, and labelled on the out- 
side “ AXcidium (Ceratites) Fraxinites LvS Salem & Beth.” 

The rust is the ecial form of Puccinia fraxinata (Link) Arth., 
on species of Fraxinus, having its telia on the marsh grass, Spartina. 


[*]2902. 92. C. R. Botryapites, L.v.S. Very rarely observed on leaves of 
Aronia botryapium, Bethlehem; but where it occurs, rather fre- 
quent. 

C. entirely distinct—spots yellowish-buff, somewhat effuse. On the 
under side the pseudoperidia appear central, aggregated as tuber- 
cles, globose, yellowish-green, at first obtusely conic and partly 
closed, at length somewhat open and much fimbriated at the 
opening, the divisions chestnut-brown, flexuous. Spores scanty, 
dark. Pseudoperidia few, even at times single. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 239 


Represented by four leaves, one of them 4 by 6 cm., the others 
trimmed down to that size from larger leaves, mounted loose in a 
packet, bearing seven characteristic galls, and by an original packet 

*with eight similar leaves, 4-7 cm. long, having bleached spots but 
no rust, which is labelled “ A®cidium (Ceratites) Botryapii LvS 
Bethl 1830.” 

The rust is the ecial stage of Gymnosporangium botryapites 
(Schw.) Kern. At page 310 of the same work Schweinitz changed 
the name to Ceratites (Ceoma) botryapites. The asterisk was er- 
roneously omitted from this number. 


‘ 


5. Subgen. PERIDERMIUM. 


2903. 93. C. P. Pineum, Lk. 175, Syn. Car. 456. In Pennsylvania near 
Philadelphia and elsewhere, not rare. Specimens ample, a foot 
long, found by me on the trunk itself of Pinus inops, suggesting 
a resemblance to Gymnosporangium Juniperini. 

(456. 27. [A®cidium] Pini. Rare with us, and only on young 
leaves. ) 


Represented by two specimens. One of these consists of the sec- 
tion of a woody gall, 3 cm. across, mounted, with an empty packet, 
labelled “ Czeoma Peridermium Pini in Ligno Philad.” A similar 
portion of a gall is in the Michener collection at Washington, prop- 
erty of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 

The other consists of about a dozen slender leaves from a 2-leaved 
pine, none full length, now about 5.5 cm. long, mounted loose in a 
packet, bearing a few ecia, with an empty packet, labelled “ Caeoma 
Peridermium Pini in acubus Salem.” 

Microscopic examination shows the woody form to be Perider- 
mium cerebrum Peck, the ecial stage of Cronartium Quercus 
(Brond.) Schrot., and the leaf form to be P. intermedium Arth. & 
Kern. 


*2904. 94. C. P. germinale, L.v.S., very rare on the fruits of roses. Com- 
municated to me by Mr. Collins. 
C. pseudoperidia very long, cylindric, somewhat compressed, at 
length white, fimbriate, divisions cleft to the bottom, free. 
Spores effuse, pale. Pseudoperidia rising from little pits in the 
fruit, without any spot, usually three lines long. 


240 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Represented by a single oblong fruit, 1.5 cm. long, bearing many 
long and colorless peridia, and by the original empty packet labelled 
“Czoma Peridermium germinale LvS in germinib, Rosz Collins.” 

Although the fruit has considerable resemblance to a mummied. 
rose hip, yet it is certainly the fruit of some species of Crategus, 
and the fungus is the ecial stage of Gymnosporangium germinale 
(Schw.) Kern (G. clavipes Cooke & Peck). The name is given as 
Peridermium (C@oma) germinale on page 312 of the same work. 


Genus 212. Puccinia Lk. and Diczoma Fr. 


2905. I. P. Graminis, Lk. n. 1, Syn. Car. 492. Very common also in Penn- 
sylvania on grasses. 
(492. 7. [Puccinia] Graminis. Frequent on the culms of grasses, 
especially Andropogon.) 


Represented by the original packet containing a crumpled leaf, 
and some fragments of stem and sheaths, all apparently of wheat, 
Triticum vulgare Vill., bearing blackish, open telia of Puccinia poculi- 
formis (Jacq.) Wettst. (P. graminis Pers.), together with six or 
seven parts of conduplicate leaves, about 3 mm. wide, the pieces be- 
ing from 6 to 15 cm. long, and heavily covered with dark brown or 
blackish telial sori. The narrow leaves are undoubtedly some species 
of Carex, and the rust some species other than P. poculiformis, but 
the identity of neither rust nor host has been definitely determined. 
The packet is labelled “ Puccinia Graminis cerealis Germ. Sal. Beth.” 

One of the pieces of sheath bears a small strip of gummed paper 
across the middle, showing that it had originally been attached to a 
sheet (see Shear, U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull., 380, p. 6, Jan. 15, 1917). 
The writing on the packet appears to have been done all at one time. 
It is, of course, impossible to say definitely if the material in the 
packet is wholly American, or partly obtained in Germany, as the 
labelling might indicate, but from the appearance it may be inferred 
that it represents two collections, both from this country. 


*2906. 2. P. striola, Lk. n. 2, on various Cyperacee and grasses. Bethlehem. 


Represented by the original packet containing a dozen or more 
short pieces, I-6 cm. long, of a Juncus, probably J. effusus, bearing 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 241 


uredinia and telia, the spores being those of Uromyces Junci-effusi 
Syd. The packet is labelled “2 Puccinia Striola Beth,” the “2” in- 
dicating that the original collection had been divided into numbered 
portions, of which no. 2 only had been retained. 


2907. 3. P. Arundinariz, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 487, Lk. p. 68 in a note. Very 
good species, also on Miegia (Arundinaria) cultivated in the 
Bartram Gardens, Philadelphia. 
(487. 2. [Puccinia] Arundinarize Sz. 
P. rather large, elevated, pulvinate (not surrounded by the epi- 
dermis), blackish-brown, spores oblong, bilocular, pedicel long. 
Rather rare on leaves of Arundinaria. Of the size of a mouse 
dropping, beautifully scattered over the leaves. Cells of the spores 
equal to each other, color under a lens yellow, pedicels longer than 
the spore, radiately divergent, white, pellucid.) 


Represented by an original packet containing a part of a leaf, I 
by 5 cm., which bears three telial sori in a row, two being empty of 
spores. The single sorus with spores is prominent, oblong, and dark 
brown or blackish. The packet is labelled “ Puccinia Arundinarieé 
LvS Salem.” 

The rust still bears the name given it by Schweinitz. Its ecial 
form has not yet been discovered. 


*2908. 4. P. punctum, Lk. n. 3, on Carex and Scirpus, Bethlehem. 


Represented by two packets, one containing Carex and the other 
Scirpus, both rusted, together with a duplicate packet of the latter. 
One packet has a dozen or more, rather soft, crumpled leaves with 
a few stems, all heavily rusted, labelled “ Puccinia graminis var. 
hortensis Beth,” and afterward graminis crossed out and “ Punc- 
tum” substituted. The rust proves to be the telial stage of Puc- 
cinia Grossularie (Schum.) Lagerh., and on some species of Carex. 

Another packet contains twenty-five or more pieces of leaves, 
3-9 cm. long, of what appears to be Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth, 
abundantly rusted, labelled on the inside “ Puccinia Caricicola LvS 
Beth,” with “ Puccinia punctum Lk” added later, and on the out- 
side “ Puccinia punctum Beth in Caricibus.” The rust is that of 
Puccinia angustata Peck, being the telial stage, only a few uredinio- 
spores with their two superequatorial pores being found. 


242 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


A duplicate packet of the last contains two pieces of similarly 
rusted leaves, about 3.5 cm. long, and is labelled “5 Puccinia punc- 
tum Lk caricicola LvS.” 


*2909. 5. P. Scirpi, Lk. n. 4, on various Scirpi, Bethlehem. 


Represented by the original packet, containing very scanty shreds 
of leaf blades or sheaths, some of them 3-6 cm. long, and labelled 
on the inside “ Puccinia Scirpi Beth 1826,” and on the outside “2 
Puccinia Scirpi Beth.” The rust is clearly the telial stage of Puc- 
cinia angustata Peck, and the host is doubtless Scirpus cyperinus 
(L.) Kunth. It is entirely different from genuine P. Scirpi Link. 


*2910. 6. P. Sorghi, L.v.S., frequent on the leaves of Sorghum and Zea 
cultivated. 

P. without spots. Sori broad, difform, variously lobed, at first cov- 
ered by the epidermis, at length naked but surrounded at the 
margin, and then the epidermis lacerate. Sori often also as if 
lobed from the center—2-4 lines long and broad. Larger sori 
occur on the nerves of the leaves. Spores blackish, large, shortly 
pedicelled. : 


Represented by some twenty-five pieces, I-3 cm. wide and 3-8 
cm. long, of leaves of Indian corn, abundantly covered with telia, 
contained in the original packet, which is labelled “ Puccinia Sorghi 
Lvs Lititz,” with a later addition of “& Zex.” 

The leaves in the original packet are all without question those 
of Zea Mays L., and the rust is the one common to that host. One 
can only surmise why Schweinitz called the rust P. Sorghi, and said 
it was on Sorghum, a genus which has never been known to harbor 
the rust. But it would seem from the labelling of the packet that 
Schweinitz thought at first he had to do only with a Sorghum rust, 
and afterward found it was certainly on Zea, so assumed that it. 
was on both kinds of hosts. 

Because of the inappropriateness of the specific name, some 
taxonomists have adopted some other name, but most authorities 
still use Schweinitz’s original name on the ground of priority. The 


alternate stage has been found by cultures to occur on species of 
Ovxalis. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. . 243 


*2911. 7. P. Andropogi, L.v.S., very frequent in autumn on leaves and 
culms also sheaths of various species of Andropogon, Bethle- 
hem. 

P. spots obscure, sori densely aggregated, elevated, fuscous, obtuse, 
linear, short. Spores fuscous. Although not confluent, yet 
occupying almost the whole leaf. 

Represented by an original packet containing four or more stems 
and many leaves in pieces 7-10 cm. long, bearing an abundance of 
telia, labelled “‘ Puccinia in Andropogi LvS.” The host is undoubt- 
edly Andropogon scoparius Michx., and the rust still bears Schwei- 
nitz’s name, although generally written P. Andropogonis. 

The two methods of writing the specific name indicate a differ- 
ence in the method of forming the genitive of this and similar Latin- 
ized Greek words, common among classical writers of the very early 
as well as more modern times. The longer form is now generally 
adopted. 


*2912. 8. P. emaculata, L.v.S., here and there on leaves of Panicum, espe- 
cially Panicum pubescens in fields, Bethlehem and Philadelphia. 
P. entirely without spots; at first the sori are all covered, rather 
few, sparse, erumpent; later often confluent, minute, short, nar- 
row, parallel, mostly acuminate at both ends. Spores very dark, 
rather small; immersed in water, brownish. 

Represented by an original packet containing five fragments of 
grass leaves, I-2 cm. wide by 2-10 cm. long, with a scanty showing 
of telia. The packet is labelled “ Puccinia emaculata LvS in Pan- 
ico pubes. Bart Gard.” The leaves are somewhat pubescent and 
considerably weathered. They can scarcely be the leaves of Pani- 
cum pubescens Lam., but rather are those of the more widely dif- 
fused P. capillare, judging from the soft pubescence, and from the 
general association of the rust. A portion of the Schweinitz col- 
lection has been seen by Prof. A. S. Hitchcock and by Mrs. Agnes 
Chase, the eminent agrostologists of Washington, D. C., who pro- 
nounce the host to be P. capillare. 


*2913. 9. P. Junci, L.v.S., on culms of J. effusus, Bethlehem, frequent. 
P. scarcely with any spots; sori irregular, erumpent, somewhat coy- 
ered by the epidermis, rather broad, applanate. Spores large, 
blackish brown. 


Represented by an original packet, containing three pieces, 5-7 


244 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


cm. long, from a terete stem split lengthwise bearing a few sori. 
It is labelled “ Puccinia Junci LvS in J. effuso Beth.” The telio- 
spores are one-celled, and together with the few urediniospores 
seem to agree with later collections on the same host, now called 
Uromyces Junci-effusi Syd. 


*2914. 10. P. Windsoriz, L.v.S., on leaves of Windsoria (Poa) quinque- 
dentata, Bethlehem. 
P. spots yellowish, at length evanescent. Sori long, linear, undulate, 
prominent, erumpent from the epidermis, not confluent. Spores 
compact, from purple to dark fuscous, long pedicellate. 


Represented by an original packet containing ample material, 
consisting of parts of nine leaves, 3-10 cm. long, and four stems, 7-12 
cm. long, well covered with telia. It is labelled “ Puccinia Wind- 
sorie LvS in culm & fol Poze quinquedent Beth.” 

The rust still bears the name given to it by Schweinitz, but it 
has been impossible to trace the origin of the name of the host. No 
such specific name is known under Poa or Windsoria. Professor 
A. S. Hitchcock has suggested that it was a slip intended for quin- 
quifida, a specific name used under Poa by Pursh, but never trans- 
ferred to Windsoria. Neither name is given in Muhlenberg’s 
“Catalogue,” but he does have Poa seslerioides Michx. (P. flava 
L.), which is clearly. the host in question, now called Tridens flavus 
GES) eElitche: 


*2u15. 11. P. Zizanie, L.v.S., on the fallen leaves of Zizania. Kaign’s Point, 
near Philadelphia. 

P. without spots, minute, at first covered, at length linearly erumpent, 
the epidermis persistent about the margin of the sori; sori elon- 
gate, abbreviate, dark, held to the light somewhat fuscous. 
Spores loose, usually scattered about, short pedicelled, delicate, 
not much smaller than in related species. 


Represented by an original packet containing two very small 
shreds of much weathered leaves 1-1.5 cm. long, bearing a few telial 
sori. It is labelled “ Puccinia Zigamie LvS Kaines Pt.” 

The fragments remaining of this collection are so very scanty 
that it seemed at first that no certain conclusion could be reached as 
to the identity of either host or fungus. The slightly reddish tint, 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 245 


the character of the surface, the veining, and the rough edges show 
that these leaves could not have been those of Zizania. They do 
suggest Andropogon, however, and in spite of being weathered, they 
match well the leaves of A. scoparius and A. virginicus. Moreover, 
the teliospores, as well as a few urediniospores seen, agree fully with 
Puccinia Andropogonis, n. 2911. While the two Andropogons 
named can not be told apart by their leaves, we probably have to do 
with A. virginicus which occurs on damp soil about Philadelphia. 


2916. 12. P. Smilacis, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 494, also in Pennsylvania. 
(494. 9. [Puccinia] Smilacis Sz. 
P. rather large, confluent, difform and stellate, dark fuscous, on 
Smilax rotundifolia occupying all of the somewhat dried leaves.) 


Represented by an empty packet labelled “ Puccinia Smilacis 
LvS Salem.” 

There is no doubt that this number is based upon the telia of the 
common southern Smilax rust, still called Puccinia Smilacis Schw. 


2917. 13. P. Polygonorum Lk. n. 6, Syn. Car. 488, on P. pennsylvanicum and 
P. virginicum, also Pennsylvania. 
(488. 3. [Puccinia] Polygoni Pensilvanici Sz. 
P. rather small, aggregated, somewhat elevated, chestnut brown, 
opaque, at first closed, seated on pale spots, spores obovate-truncate. 
Frequent on Polygonum Pensylvanicum; rendering the plants 
sterile. Spores bilocular, pedicel short; cells almost broader than 
long, fuscous under a lens.) 


Represented by a packet containing two leaves, one about 3.5 by 
5 cm., and the other somewhat smaller, bearing a few sori, which is 
labelled “ Puccinia Polygonorum P. virginice LvS Salem & Beth.” 

The leaves are ovate-lanceolate, smooth with ciliate margins, 
and doubtless belong to Tovara virginiana (L.) Raf. (Polygonum 
virginianum L.). The other host named was also correctly deter- 
mined, without question. The rust is now given the earliest name 
for it, P. Polygoni-amphibii Pers. 


*2918. 14. P. concentrica, L.v.S., very frequent toward the end of autumn 
on half alive and dead leaves of P. coccineum, Bethlehem. 

P. spots very large, confluent, bright reé on upper surface, paler on 

the lower. Sori very crowded, aggregately concentric, at first 


246 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


somewhat compact, black-shining, at length the spores loosened, 
minute, fuscous black. Possibly it is P. Polygoni-amphibii De- 
Candolle—but very certainly specifically distinct from the pre- 
ceding. 


Represented by a packet containing about ten fragments of 
leaves, some nearly complete, showing an abundance of telia, in part 
circinating about single uredinia. The packet is labelled ‘‘ Puccinia 
Polygoni coccinei concentricum omnino differt a P. Polyg virginici 
et aliis Bethl.” 

The leaves are broadly lanceolate, about 4 by 10 cm., and agree 
with those of a phanerogamic specimen at the Philadelphia Academy 
of Sciences, collected by Schweinitz, locality not given, and labelled 
by him Polygonum coccineum, which is now determined to be P. 
emersum (Michx.) Britt. The rust is Puccinia Polygoni-amphibu, 
as thought likely by Schweinitz, and differs from the preceding 
species only as influenced by the host. 


*2919. 15. P. bullata, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 501, Lk. n. 8. In Pennsylvania, found 
very large, two to even three inches, especially on stems of 
Vernonia noveboracensis. 
(sor. 16. [Puccinia] bullata Sz. 

P. very large, oblong, pulvinate, chestnut brown, surrounded by 
epidermis, spores very dense, oval, bilocular, long pedicelled. 

Abnormal, erumpent from dried stem of various plants, e. g., 
Ambrosia, Chenopodium. Very large, usually an inch long and two 
lines thick, surrounded and often covered by the epidermis of the 
plant. The peduncles of the spores are five times as long, spores 
oval, short, the two cells equal.) 


Represented by three packets. The principal packet contains 
four sections of stem, 3.5-5 cm. long, the largest being 8 mm. in 
diameter, and is labelled “ Puccinia bullata LvS Salem & Bethl in 
Caulibus variis.’ The two duplicate packets, one with three, the 
other two, similar fragments of stem, are labelled, the first “3 Puc- 
cinia bullata LvS,” and the second “5 Puccinia bullata LvS.” Part 
of the same original collection is in the Fries Herbarium at Upsala, 
according to Lagerheim (1. c., p. 64), who renamed the species P. 
longipes, because the specific name had been antedated by Link 
(Obs., 1815). 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 247 


All the fragments show very large sori, reaching 3 cm. long, 
characteristic of the rust on Vernonia when occurring on the stems. 
This is undoubtedly the same rust as the leaf form, recorded under 
no. 2926, as P. Vernonia, a name still generally applied to this rust. 
The leaf form has been grown by sowing spores from the large 
stem sori. 

The asterisk before this number is a typographical error. 


*2920. 16. P. Pycnanthemi, L.v.S., rather related to P. Clinopodii, frequent 
on P. incanum, Bethlehem. 
P. spots purple, minute, persistent. Sori small, fuscous. Spores 
loose, long pedicelled. 


Represented by an empty packet, labelled on the inside “ Caeoma 
(Uredo) Labiatarum in Pycnanth glauci fol Beth,” with Uredo 
crossed out and “ Puccinia” substituted, and on the outside “ Puc- 
cinia Pycnanthemi LvS in Pyc incano Beth.” 

The host can be accepted as correctly named, and the rust as 
identical with Puccinia Menthe Pers. 


*2921. 17. P. compositarum, Lk. n. 19, common, Bethlehem, especially on 
the stems and leaves of dead Cnicus or Cirsium (P. caulincola). 


Represented by an original packet containing six sections of 
weathered stems about 5 cm. long, the largest being 5 mm. in diam- 
eter, and all bearing telia. The packet is labelled “ Puccinia caulin- 
cola vere in caulib. Cnici altissimi,” with “compositarum” after- 
ward written in. 

The cobwebby hairs on these stems indicate that they are thistles, 
and there is every reason to believe that they belong to Cirsium 
altissimum (L.) Spreng. (Cnicus altissimus Willd.) as labelled by 
Schweinitz. The rust agrees with Puccinia Cirsii Lasch. The ref- 
erence to “ P. caulincola” undoubtedly indicates the author’s opinion 
that his material might possibly be referred to the European Ceoma 
caulincola Nees, which was originally found on stems of Centaurea 
paniculata (Syst. Pilze, 16, 1816). By later authors the specific 
name was transferred to Puccinia and applied to other forms. 


248 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


*2922. 18. P. maculosa, [L.v.S., not] Straus[s]. Bethlehem, here and there 
on leaves of Prenanthes or Hieracium. Entirely distinct from 
the preceding by the broad, white spots, spores much paler. 


Represented only by an empty packet labelled “ Puccinia macu- 
losa LvS in fol. Hieracii.” There is a specimen, however, in the 
Michener Collection at Washington, consisting of a glabrous, pale 
green leaf, a little more than 4 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, bearing 
four groups of telia, labelled “ 2922-18—Syn. Car. Puccinia macu- 
losa Strau. in foliis Hieracii Beth. ex Herb. Schw.” There is also 
a similar representation in the Herb. Curtis at Harvard University 
on “Prenanthis aut Hieracii,” a small portion of which, through 
the kindness of Dr. W. G. Farlow, the writers have been able to 
examine. Both host and fungus from these two sources agree per- 
fectly with the material published as-1855, Ellis & Everhart, “ North 
American Fungi,” on Cynthia virginica from Illinois, 1882, A. B. 
Seymour, and as 3413, Rabenhorst-Winter, “ Fungi Europei,” on 
Krigia virginica (Cynthia virginica) from Missouri, 1885, C. H. 
Demetrio. A good description of the rust was given by Burrill in 
his “ Parasitic Fungi of Illinois,” p. 188. It is evident that Schwei- 
nitz was very uncertain about the name of the host as he calls it 
Hieracium on packets, and “ Prenanthes or Hieracium” in the pub- 
lished account, and quite naturally so, if we consider it to be Krigia 
or Cynthia virginica, now called Adopogon virginicus (L.) Kuntze, 
for that plant has the aspect when growing that might well cause 
it to be considered under either genus. Even Muhlenberg must 
have been uncertain about it, as his catalogue either does not men- 
tion it, or merges it with some other species, although a common 
plant of the flora. 

Strauss gave the name Uredo maculosa (Ann. Wett. Ges. 2: 101. 
1810) to a European rust on Prenanthes purpurea, apparently in- 
cluding both uredinia and telia, with which no rust in America has 
been identified. The rust found by Schweinitz is a short-cycle form 
not known in Europe. The specific name maculosa, under the genus 
Puccinia, is, therefore, to be credited to Schweinitz. 


2923. 19. P. Helianthorum, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 495, Lk. p. 74, clearly distinct— 
frequent on various Helianthi, and in Pennsylvania best developed 
on dead leaves. On cultivated H. tuberosus, it occupies the lower 
surface of almost all leaves. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 249 


(495. 10. [Puccinia] Helianthi Sz. 

P. rather small, orbicular, aggregated, black, spores globoid- 
oval, bilocular, very long pedicelled, 

Common on many Helianthi—Spores fuscous yellow, pedicel 
white, pellucid.) 


Represented by an original packet containing twenty or more 
fragmentary leaves, I-4 cm. wide by 6-10 cm. long, and a leafy 
stem, 5 cm. long, bearing one mature flower head, the leaves richly 
supplied with telia. The packet is labelled “ Puccinia Helian- 
thorum LvS 1826.” 

The leaves of this collection are lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 
and probably came from the upper part of the plant. Examination 
of the leaves together with the flowering head makes it certain that 
the host is Helianthus tuberosus L., and the date, “ 1826,” shows 
that the collection was made in Pennsylvania, doubtless at Bethle- 
hem. The rust still generally goes by the name first given by 
Schweinitz, P. Helianthi, although his specific name for the ecial 
stage (no. 2871) has priority of place in the same publication and 
technically should replace it as P. Helianthi-molhis. 

Schweinitz evidently inserted “clearly distinct” under this entry, 
and similar expressions in the following and other entries to em- 
phasize his dissent from Link’s opinion (1. c.) that the species might 
be the same as the European P. Syngenesarum Link. 


2924. 20. P. Heliopsidis, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 493, Lk. p. 74, and Pennsylvania— 
entirely distinct. 
(493. 8. [Puccinia] Heliopsidis Sz. 
P. rather irregular, aggregated, surrounded by the epidermis, 
chestnut brown, spores oval, elongate, long pedicelled, bilocular. 
Frequent on dried leaves of Heliopsis, also on Vernonia.—Cells 
of the spores equal, septum situated exactly in the middle of the 
spore. ) 


Represented only by an empty packet, labelled “ Puccinia Heliop- 
sidis LvS.” 

The rust on Heliopsis is still known by the name given to it by 
Schweinitz. It has only been found on H. helianthoides (L.) 
Sweet. Although given as “frequent,” yet it is represented by only 
five collections in the Arthur herbarium, all from the Mississippi 


250 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


region, three with cia, one with uredinia, and only one showing 
telia. The species must be local, although widespread. 


2925. 21. P. Verbesine, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 496, Lk. p. 74, not yet in Pennsyl- 
vania—good species. 
(496. 11. [Puccinia] Verbesine Sz. 
P. punctiform, sparse, fuscous black, spores ovate, bilocular, 
pedicel short. 
On flourishing leaves of Verbesina, Sigesbeckia (Richweed).— 
Spores narrower at the apex than at the base, bilocular: cells equal. 
Not surrounded by the epidermis. ) 


Represented by an empty packet, which is labelled on the inside 
“Diceoma Verbesine Salem,” and on the outside “ Puccinia Ver- 
besine LVS Salem.” 

Schweinitz’s name still holds good for the Verbesina rust of the 
region he explored. It most likely does not occur on Siegesbeckia 
(richweed), on which no rust has yet been found. 


*2926. 22. P. Vernonie, L.v.S., very common on Vernonia, Bethlehem. 
P. without spots. By the rather pulvinate sori and by the beautiful 
rusty color of the spores it differs from P. Helianthi. It occurs 
also occasionally on Helianthus. 


Represented by an empty packet, labelled “ Puccinia Vernonie 
LvS in Heliant ferrugin.” 

This is without doubt the leaf form of the common Vernonia 
rust, the stem form of which Schweinitz had already named P. 
bullata (no. 2919). The rust does not occur on Helianthus, al- 
though occasionally the Helianthus rust simulates the one on Ver- 


nonia. 


2027. 23. P. Xanthii, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 500, Lk. n. 23. Also frequent on 
leaves of Xanthium in Pennsylvania. Beautiful and conspicuous 
from a distance. Sori usually concentric and aggregated in the 
center of the spot. 

(500. 15. [Puccinia] Xanthii Sz. 

P. spots delicate, orbicular, pale, beneath fuscous brown with a 
pale margin, spores oblong, bilocular, pedicellate. 

On lower surface of the leaves of Xanthium strumarium, in 
sandy places. Beneath it shows at first pale vesicles resembling the 
cells of the leaf, these being broken and encircled by the epidermis, 
the spores appear in a coherent fuscous pustule, yellow under a lens, 
the pedicel longer than the spore.) 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 251 


Represented by an original packet, containing part of one leaf 
about 3 by 6 cm., bearing many groups of telia, which is labelled 
“Puccinia Xanthii LvS Sal & Beth.” 

A very common short-cycle rust still designated by Schweinitz’s 
name. 


*2928. 24. P. Helenii, L.v.S., rather rare, but prominent, on leaves of 
Helenium autumnale, Bethlehem. 
P. spots golden yellow, expanded, sori pulvinate, sparse, and close to 
each other, convex, at first brown, later beautifully chestnut. 
Spores rather large, compact. 


Represented by a packet containing the tip of a stem, about 2 
cm. long, with six small, sessile leaves attached, together with parts 
of three maturer, lanceolate leaves, the largest 2.5 cm. broad and 7 
cm. or more long. The packet is labelled ‘“ Puccinia Helenti LvS 
Bethl.” An empty duplicate packet is labelled “2 Puccinia Helenii 
EvS2" 

A careful study of this material leaves little doubt that the host 
is Aster salicifolius Lam., and that the rust is the common Puccinia 
Asteris Duby. The leaves of Helenium have a peculiar lower sur- 
face due to a sparse pubescence, quite unlike the smooth lower sur- 
face of the material in the packet, or of Aster salicifolius and of 
similar lanceolate-leaved species of the genus Aster. From an orig- 
inal specimen in the Fries Herbarium at Upsala, Lagerheim (Tromsé 
Mus. Aarsh., 17:60, 1894) has given detailed characters as a good 
species, not remarking any error in the host. Even if the host had 
been Helenium, yet the rust would undoubtedly have proven to be 
the same species that occurs on Aster, judging by the description 
given and the relationship and characteristics of the hosts. 


*2929. 25. P. Silphii, L.v.S., sent from Carolina, on leaves of S. trifoliatum, 
by my friend Denke. 
P. spots rather small, purple. Sori thick, pulvinate, confluent, aggre- 
gated, black. Spores compact, concolorous. 


Represented by four small fragments of leaf, the smallest one, 
1.5 cm. long, bearing a group of telia. The packet is labelled “ Puc- 
cinia Silphii LvS in Sylph trifoliat Denke.” 


252 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Both rust and host appear identical with those respectively that 
go under the same names at the present time. 


*2930. 26. P. Asteris, L.v.S., a handsome species, frequent on leaves of A. 
paniculatus, Bethlehem. 
P. spots flattened, bullate, yellow, not widely expanded. Sori very 
dense, subconcentrally placed, beautifully fuscous. Spores rather 
loose, concolorous. 


Represented by a packet containing a short stem with three leaves 
attached and also by ten much crumpled, similar, ovate-lanceolate 
leaves, all with long, slender petioles, and all sparsely bearing telia. 
The packet is labelled ‘‘Ceeoma (Ur) Asterum LvS Bethl in Ast. 
paniculat,” with the first two words crossed out and “ Puccinia” 
substituted. 

The leaves are doubtless Aster cordifolius L., and the rust is the 
short-cycle form first given the name Puccinia Asteris by Duby in 
1830, two years before the Schweinitz name was published. Doubt- 
less the early collection on Aster paniculatus, this being its most 
common host, was entirely given away, leaving only a later collection 
on A. cordifolius. 


*2931. 27. P. Kuhniz, L.v.S., common on the leaves of Kuhnia, Bethlehem. 
P. without any spots. Sori amphigenous, pulvinate, densely aggre- 
gated, blackish brown. Spores rather large, loose, long pedi- 

celled. A Phragmidium ? 


Represented by an original packet labelled on the inside “ Uredo 
Kuhnie in K. eupator Bethl & Salem,” with “Uredo” crossed out 
and “ Puccinia” substituted, and on the outside “ Puccinia Kuhniz 
LvS Beth.” The packet contains a tiny fragment, 2 by 344 mm., 
bearing a few large telial sori. The peculiar glands and hairs make 
the host unmistakable, and the amphigenous sori with their ellipsoid 
teliospores fully justify the record. 

The rust is not common eastward, Schweinitz’s record being the 
only one known to the writers east of Wisconsin and Indiana, 
although in the middle west, especially between Illinois and the 
foothills of Colorado, itis notinfrequent. Inthe Carolina list Kuhnia 
is mentioned as host for a rust (see no. 2844), and the earliest label 
on the packet reads “ Bethl & Salem,” but the packet was probably 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 253 


not labelled until after Schweinitz became a resident of Pennsyl- 
vania. We may safely assume that the packet with its fragment 
represents a collection made at Bethlehem, Pa. Unless this were 
true the asterisk before the number would have to be considered: 
erroneous, and the omission of “Syn. Car. 478” unintentional. 
Furthermore, if Salem were the place where the collection was 
made, the record would have been Salem & Bethl., as may be seen’ 
under nos. 2832, 2846, 2875, 2888, 2917, 2919, 2927, etc. Some ob- 
servation at Salem may have been in mind, but with no specimen 
preserved. 


*2932. 28. P. investita, L.v.S., frequent, observed with A<cidium gnaphali- 
tatum on the tomentose leaves of Gnaphalium polycephalum, 
Bethlehem. Always hidden by the tomentum. 

P. without spots; sori minute, sparse, roundish, very black, scarcely 
showing at first through the tomentum, sometimes aggregated- 
confluent. Spores compact, very dark. Surface of the sori as if 
furrowed. 


Represented only by an empty packet labelled “ Puccinia inves- 
tita LvS in avers pag Gnaphalii polycephali cum A¢<cidio vulgari 
Beth.” There is no reason to doubt that this record applies to the 
rust still passing under Schweinitz’s name, P. investita, which pos- 
sesses zcia and telia, and is identical with no. 2873, and now better 
called P. gnaphaliata (Schw.) Arth. & Bisby. 


2933. 29. P. Galii, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 499, Lk. p. 76, a rare species but suffi- 
ciently distinct—not a Sclerotium. 
(499. 14. [Puccinia] Galii Sz. (near Sclerotium). 

P. erumpent, globose-ovate, dark fuscous, spores clavate, biloc- 
ular, short pedicelled. 

On living leaves of Galium purpureum, but more perfect on dead 
ones, then a line long—Tubercle-like it pushes up the epidermis, 
which surrounds it. Spores a little darker in color than those of 
Puccinia graminis. ) 


Represented only by an empty packet, labelled on the inside 
“Diceeoma Galii Salem,” and on the outside “ Puccinia Galii LvS 
Salem.” There is no specimen of this number at Philadelphia, or 
in the Herb. Curtis at Harvard University or in the Michener Col- 
lection at Washington. 


PROC. AMER. PHIL. SOC., VOL. LVII, R, JULY 17, 1918. 


954 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


It is particularly unfortunate that no specimen is available to 
substantiate the record, as there is no other record of a Galium rust 
having been collected in North Carolina. The most southern col- 
lection in the Arthur herbarium is that of Puccinia punctata Link 
on G. triflorum made by Mrs. Emily Arthur at Salt Sulphur Springs, 
W. Va., in 1914, a locality on the opposite slope of the Allegheny 
Mountains to the northwest from Salem, N. Car. There is no other 
record than Schweinitz’s of a rust on G. purpureum Walt., now re- 
ferred to G. pilosum Ait., although it would not be an unlikely host 
for P. punctata. The tubercle-like emergence of the sori and their 
distinctly blackish color are sufficiently characteristic of the telia of 
P. punctata Link to make it probable that Schweinitz had this species 
in hand, although it must be a rare fungus in the Carolina flora. 


*2934. 30. P. Myrrhis, L.v.S., ori leaves and stems of Myrrhis procumbens, 
Bethlehem. 
P. without spots. Sori dense, minute, surrounded by the ruptured 
epidermis, pulvinately applanate. Spores very loose, golden 
brown. 


Represented by a scanty specimen, consisting of numerous very 
small fragments showing a few pale telia, in the original packet, 
which is labelled “ Puccinia Myrrhis procumb LvS Beth.” 

Both urediniospores and teliospores are present in the specimen, 
and are characteristic for the species now called Puccinia Pimpinel- 
le (Str.) Mart. The host is clearly as named by Schweinitz Chero- 
phyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz (Myrrhis procumbens Spreng.). 


*2935. 31. P. Bullaria, Lk. n. 32, on stems of Hyssopus nepetoides, rare, 
Bethlehem. 


Represented only by an empty packet labelled “ Puccinia caulin- 
cola in Hyssop. nepet. Bet,” with second word crossed out and “ bul- 
laria ” written in. 

There is a specimen in the Michener Collection at Washington 
exactly answering the requirements of this number. It is a piece of 
smooth stem 4 cm. long, split lengthwise and originally 3 mm. in 
diameter. Protruding from a longitudinal fissure 2 cm. in length is 
a fungus-like growth, brown and bullate, that may be the early 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA, 255 


stage of some ascomycete but is certainly not a rust. No spores 
were found. As the host is a labiate and not an umbellifer, Link’s 
name could not in any case be applicable. 


*2936. 32. P. anemones, Lk. n. 33, very rare on leaves of A. quinquefolia, 
but most distinct, Bethlehem. 


Represented only by an empty packet, which is labelled inside 
“Diceeoma punctata Deetw,” with the later addition above of “ Puc- 
2 Puccinia Anemones Beth 


“ 


cinia anemones,” and on the outside 
Deetwyler,” and also a word preceding the last one which is not 
wholly legible. 

There is practically no doubt that this number covers the rust 
on the host as stated, now called Polythelis fusca (Pers.) Arth. 


2937. 33. P. solida, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 486. [as P.] Anem. virginian, frequent 
on leaves of Anemone virginiana, Salem and Bethlehem. 
P. without spots. Sori sparse, rather large, so very compact that 
they appear solid, black. Spores at length somewhat 
loosened. Sori dispersed over the whole leaf, at first yellow 
and more or less impressed. 
(486. 1. [Puccinia] Anemones Virginian Sz. 

P. punctiform, sparse, chestnut brown, spores clavate, at- 
tenuate into a short pedicel, bilocular. 

Spores under the lens yellowish-white; they pass into the 
pedicel so that it is not possible to distinguish where they begin.) 


Represented by an empty packet, labelled “‘ Puccinia solida LvS 
in Anem. Vir.” 

A widespread and well-known species, still bearing the earlier 
name here given. 


2938. 34. P. circee, Lk. 43, Syn. Car. 491, common, and Bethlehem. 
(401. 6. [Puccinia] Circe, frequent on leaves of Circza.) 


Represented by a packet containing parts of three leaves, the 
best preserved being about 3 by 5 cm., and labelled “2 Puccinia 
Circeze Germ & B & S,” with cancellation marks across “ Germ.” 
Two of the leaves are faded and pressed smooth, the third is nat- 
ural green and crumpled by drying. The rust and host, undoubt- 
edly C. Lutetiana, are common and widespread, although no other 
collection of the rust is yet known so far south. 


256 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


2939. 35. P. aculeata, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 489. P. podophylli, likewise com- 
mon on Podophyllum [in Pennsylvania]. Very distinct on ac- 
count of the aculeate spores. 
(489. 4. [Puccinia] Podophylli Sz. 

P. rather large, subconcentric, chestnut black on yellowish spots, 
spores oblong, bilocular, aculeate. 

Here and there on leaves of Podophyllum.—Spores oval, under 
a lens yellowish, the points prominent, straight. Pedicel not distinct, 
very short.) 


Represented only by anempty packet, labelled ‘“ Puccinia aculeata 
LvS in Podoph Sal & B.” 

Owing to Schweinitz’s slip of the pen in calling the spores of 
Zecidium Podophylli (no. 2888) “ bilocular,’ Link transferred that 
form to the genus Puccinia, which necessitated a new name for the 
present form, so he made a descriptive name from a very distinc- 
tive character (1. c., p. 79). Schweinitz adopts the name, but evi- 
dently considers himself responsible for the species, and, as in other 
such cases, does not cite Link’s work. Schweinitz’s earlier name is 
still in use for this rust. 


2940. 36. P. Lespedeze procumbentis, L.v.S., Syn Car. 497, Lk. p. 83, extra- 
ordinary species, and in Pennsylvania. 
(497. 12. [Puccinia] Lespedeze procumbentis Sz. 

P. rather small, subpunctiform, sparse, somewhat fuscous, 
erumpent, spores oblong, bilocular. 

Here and there on leaves of Lespedeza procumbens.—It lifts the 
epidermis of the lower surface of the leaf into blisters, which rup- 
tured are white, pellucid. Spores with septum situated exactly in 
the middle of the spore, and the pedicel (white, rather long) is dis- 
tinct from the spore.) 


Represented only by an empty packet, labelled “ Puccinia Les- 
pedeze procumbent LvS Salem.” 

The senior author in his first publication on the subject of rusts 
(Amer. Nat., Jan., 1883, pp. 77-78) pointed out that doubtless 
Schweinitz was led into the error of describing the spores as bi- 
locular by looking at the dry spores under a magnification of about 
seventy-five diameters. At any rate the microscopic details in 
Schweinitz’s description can be attested in this way. The greatly 
thickened wall at the upper part of the teliospore, often equal to 
half the spore’s length, under these conditions takes on the appear- 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 257 


ance of an upper cell separated from the lower by a transverse 
septum. In reality the teliospores are one-celled, and the rust be- 
longs under the genus Uromyces, as U. Lespedeze-procumbentis 
(Schw.) M. A. Curt. 


2941. 37. P. Lespedeze violacee, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 498, Lk. p. 83, much more 
frequent on L. violacea than on L. polystachya, also in New 
Jersey. 
(408. 13. [Puccinia] Lespedeze polystachye Sz. 
P. rather small, punctiform, surrounded by the epidermis, black 
shining, spores oblong, attenuate at both ends, somewhat bilocular. 
Frequent on the lower surface of the leaves—Surrounded by 
the epidermis. Spores. more elongate and attenuate into the pedicel, 
. septum scarcely visible, it appears vaguely now near the apex of 
the spore, again lower. Color of the spores, under a lens, yellow.) 


Represented by neither specimen nor original packet. The rust: 
is an abundant one, and is considered by all recent mycologists to be 
identical with the preceding, Uromyces Lespedeze-procumbentis 
(Schw.) Curt., and to be both on L. hirta (L.) Hornem. (L. poly- 
stachya Michx.) and L. violacea (L.) Pers. 

The elaborate but elusive description of this species, when taken: 
in connection with that of the preceding number, illustrates the im- 
perfect equipment possessed by Schweinitz and others of his time 
for the study of microfungi, and leaves us astonished at the large 
measure of success attained. The present number also illustrates 
the futility of long and cumbersome specific names for correctly 
designating a species. Before a decade had passed Schweinitz said 
that the rust which he specifically limited to Lespedeza polystachya 
was found by him “much more frequent on L. violacea”’ How 
much better it would have been to have designated this rust as P. 
affinis, or by some such simple appellation, and avoided bestowing a 
name that would be burdensome to other mycologists. 


*2942. 38. P. Phaseoli trilobi, L.v.S., on leaves of P. trilobus sent from New 
York. Appears related to P. fabe. 
P. sori minute, hypophyllous, partly covered by the epidermis. 
Spores black, spots none. 


Represented by an empty packet, which is labelled “ Puccinia 
Phaseoli Newyk in Phaseolo trilobo.” There appears to be no 


258 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


doubt that this number belongs under Uromyces appendiculatus 
(Pers.) Fries, and on Strophostyles helvola (L.) Britton (P. tri- 
lobus Michx.). 


*2943. 39. P. Fabe, Lk. n. 45, on leaves of V. faba, Nazareth. 


Represented by neither specimen nor packet. Doubtless the 
rust was Uromyces Fabe (Pers.) DeBary, and on the host named, 
at that time a plant more often cultivated in America than at 
present. 


*2944. 40. P. Hyssopi, L.v.S., on leaves of H. scrophularizfolius, Bethlehem 
occasionally. 
P. spots yellowish, effuse. Sori aggregated, compact, fuscous, some- 
what circinate and undulately confluent with each other, at 
first blackish, small but occurring copiously upon the leaf. 
Spores fuscous, at length rather lax. 


Represented by a packet, containing a stem, 4 cm. long, with two 
opposite and petioled leaves attached, and by parts of three other 
leaves, the largest being 2.5 cm. wide, bearing many groups of telia. 
The packet is labelled “ Puccinia Hyssopi scrophul LvS Beth 26.” 

The host is now placed under Agastache, as A. scrophulariefolia 
(Willd.) Kuntze, and the rust is identical with P. verrucosa 
(Schultz) Link. 


*2945. 41. P. Potentille, L.v.S., not Phragmidium, Lk., on mature leaves 
of P. canadensis, on lower surface, Bethlehem. 
P. sori minute. Spores fuscous, at length black, erumpent, short 
pedicelled. Spots almost disappearing. 


Represented by an empty packet, labelled “ Puccinia Potentille,” 
with one other word, not deciphered. 

The rust is undoubtedly the one often called Phragmidium Po- 
tentille-canadensis Diet. It was transferred to the genus Kuehneola 
by the senior author some time since, and again very recently to 
the genus Frommea, under which it is F. obtusa (Strauss) Arth. 


#2946. 42. P. Ari triphylli, L.v.S., on lower surface of the leaves of A. 
triphyllum, Bethlehem. 
P. spots pale, very broad, on the margins of the leaves. Sori large, 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 259 


often confluent, at first covered by the epidermis, soon ruptured. 
Spores brown fuscous, loosely attached and Uredo-like but 
nevertheless a true Puccinia. 


Represented by a packet containing two large leaflets, 8 by 15 
cm., bearing several loose groups of telia, and labelled “ Puccinia 
Ari triphylli Mauch Chunk.” 

This number is now called Uromyces Caladii (Schw.) Farl., and 
on Arisema triphyllum (L.) Schott (Arum triphyllum L.), other 
stages of the life cycle being listed under nos. 2839, 2860 and 1861. 


Genus 213. PHRAGMIDIUM. 


It is worthy of note that I have never met with a Phragmidium in America 
on the leaves of Rosa or Rubus, but the following very 
common species without doubt belongs here. 


2947. 1. P. Hedysari, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 503, frequently occurs on leaves 
of H. paniculatum and others, Bethlehem and Salem. 
P. sori minute but thickly scattered over the whole leaf, resting upon 
the epidermis. Spores long pedicelled, pedicel articulate, 
pellucid, remainder opaque, ovate, obtuse, not cylindric, ob- 
scurely septate, not constricted at the articulations, fuscous 
black. 
(503. 18. [Puccinia] Hedysari paniculati Sz. 

P. punctiform, sparse, fuscous, spores ovate-globose, fus- 
cous, pedicel very long, filiform, pellucid. 

Frequent on the under face of the leaves of Hedysarum 
paniculatum. I see no septum in the spore. Pedicel filiform, 
pellucid. ) 


Represented only by an empty packet, labelled on the inside 
“Diceoma Hedysari paniculat Salem,” and on the outside “ Puc- 
cinia Hedysari panic Salem.” 

If the genus Uromyces had been in use at the time, Schweinitz 
undoubtedly would have placed this species under it, certainly at 
first, for he says he could see no septum. What his idea of the 
genus Phragmidium was, it is now difficult to say, but the senior 
author has explained in the paper referred to under no. 2940, that 
when the teliospores are seen dry under low magnification “the 
pedicels being delicate cylinders collapse and twist like a ribbon, and 
what appear to be three or four joints in each pedicel are very dis- 


260 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


tinctly shown” (1. c.), hence Schweinitz says “pedicel articulate.” 
The earlier specific name is still retained, the species being Uromyces 
Hedysari-paniculati (Schw.) Farl., and on Meibomia paniculata 
(L.) Kuntze (Hedysarum paniculatum L., Desmodium paniculatum 
IDE) 


Note.—The genera numbered 214-246 include the remainder of 
Series I and all of Series I-IV. Under Series IV, Sporodermei, 
the following species belong with the rusts. 


Genus 241. SEIRIDIUM. 


*3084. 1. S. marginatum, Lk. p. 126, n.1. Our plant, very common on Rosa 
corymbosa growing in inundated places, agrees exactly with 
Nees’s illustration and description. But it is not the same in 
size; for usually it occurs on branches, living or half alive, with 
huge sori, very thick, two inches, encircling the branches, and 
often many sori joined together. Spores so large that they are 
clearly visible to the naked eye, or at least through a lens of 
very low power. 


Represented by a mounted specimen, consisting of three rose 
stems, 4-6 cm. long and 6 mm. thick, well provided with large, 
blackish sori. No original packet was to be found. The rust is clearly 
the very distinctive Earlea speciosa (Fries) Arth. (Phragmidium 
speciosum Fries), on Rosa carolina L. (R. corymbosa Ehrh., R. 
pauciflora Muhl.). 


*3085. 2. S. Similacis [typographical error for Smilacis], L.v.S., here and 
there erumpent from the stems of Smilax caduca and other 
species, Bethlehem. 

S. sori very long, confluent, yet much smaller, and not so thick [as 
in the preceding species]. Spores cylindric, dark fuscous, obtuse, 
pedicels .very long, contorted, white. 


Represented by neither specimen nor packet at Philadelphia. In 
the Michener Collection at Washington, there are two stems, one 
5 cm. long by 5 mm. in diameter, and the other 4 cm. long and 3 mm. 
in diameter, with many long weak prickles and well covered with 
masses of telia. They are mounted and are labelled “Schw. Mss. 
Seiridium obtusiusculum on rosa, Smilacis Beth. ex Herb. Schw.,” 
but without number. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA, 261 


The host is undoubtedly some species of Rosa, and may well be 
R. virginiana Mill., while the rust is undoubtedly Earlea speciosa 
(Fries) Arth. The appearance of this material corresponds to 
Schweinitz’s description. 


Genus 243. GyMNOSPORANGIUM. 


#3094. 1. G. Juniperi, Lk. p. 127, n.1. Not frequent, but very distinct from 
Podisoma Juniperi, found near Easton, Pennsylvania, on Juni- 
perus virginiana. 


Represented by a mounted specimen, consisting of a woody stem, 
tr cm. long and 8 mm. in diameter, with a fusiform swelling from 
which the sori have dropped away. The stem was broken into two 
unequal parts before mounting. No original packet has been found. 

The rust is that of Gymnosporangium germinale (Schw.) Kern 
(G. clavipes C. & P.), of which the ecial form is given under 
2904. 

Genus 244. Popisoma. 


*3095. 1. P. Juniperi, Link, p. 127, found by me on a single Junip. Sabina 
in this region—copiously developed. 


Represented by a mounted specimen, consisting of a four- 
branched, woody stem, 5 cm. long, having a few subulate leaves each 
about 5 mm. long, and with a few, slender, corneous sori remaining, 
most of the telia having dropped out or been eaten by insects. No 
original packet has been found. 

The rust is that of Gymnosporangium clavarieforme (Jacq.) 
DC., and the host is most likely Juniperus communis L., being the 
common juniper, and not the red cedar as the name used by Schwei- 
nitz would seem to indicate. 


3096. 2. P. macropus, L.v.S., Lk. p. 127 [error for 128], wrongly under 
Gymnosporangium [in earlier work]. In the parts of North 
Carolina best known to me a rather rare fungus. In Pennsyl- 
vania very common, particularly affecting Juniperus virginiana 
that has suffered by much pruning, and commonly known by the 
name “Cedar apple,” under which name it is offered in the 
market as a powerful, though imaginary, vermifuge remedy. 
Link expresses regret that I did not examine the structure of 
the underlying sporidochium. Now such things as were not dis- 


262 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


cussed by me, upon this point, I gladly add here. In the first 
place this very puzzling base ought by no means to be regarded 
as a sporidochium, if by this term it is intended to designate the 
structure so called in Podisoma Juniperi. That body, which is 
gelatinous and composed of the interwoven stalks of the spores, 
corresponds exactly with the tremellose ligules of our P. mac- 
ropus. On the other hand the basilar capitulum, the part in 
question, is of a wholly different nature. Never, moreover, is it 
wanting. In fact it always constitutes the first evidence for our 
fungus; showing itself in the earliest stage on the slender 
branches of J. virginiana of the size of a rather large pinhead, 
enlarging gradually, usually without altering the affected 
branch, and swelling into a more or less regularly turbinate and 
plicate capitulum,—reaching a diameter of an inch, or even two 
inches. Its texture when dry and old is fibrous-corky, as in Fis- 
tulina but not succulent-fleshy, as if composed of fibers radiating 
from the broadly obconic pedicel—otherwise presenting at the 
time a somewhat woody condition. The immature capitulum, 
on the other hand, may be easily cut like an apple, or even eaten. 
Externally it has an epidermis-like cortex from lilac to fuscous 
purple in color, entirely juiceless like the skin of an apple. Over 
the whole surface appear regular pits, polygonal or mostly 
pentagonal, at first merely applanate, soon impressed and umbo- 
nate; finally during wet weather, the cortex rupturing in the 
center, the ligular gelatinous sporidochia an inch long are pro- 
truded—bedecking all the trees during a rainy spring night as it 
were with the richest crop of ripe oranges. If the wet weather 
continues for some days, the ligules in this condition begin to 
dissolve. In the sunshine, however, the ligules are soon dried 
out—and they never again revive. The capitulum persists 
through the year. Old specimens are internally not unlike ex- 
crescences of trees. Yet never can a capitulum be found with- 
out ligules, at least at first, nor ligules without a capitulum. It 
is usual where trimmed juniper trees are forced artificially into 
a pyramidal or other shape for this fungus to attack them in in- 
credible abundance—but according to my observations carefully 
made during ten years, such trees are not destroyed, nor do 
they appear even to be harmed. There are therefore many 
people, and not a few educated ones, who thoroughly believe this 
fungus to be the inflorescence or genuine fruit of the juniper. 
I am thoroughly convinced by careful study that the base has 
nothing to do with insect work. Yet it is not to be positively 
asserted that it is fungous. It seems to me to be a very ab- 
normal growth, concerning which there is nothing more to say— 
but it should be further studied. 


Note——The structure of the base of this fungus in its young state 
before it protrudes the gelatinous ligule, accidentally omitted in its proper 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA, 263 


place, is as follows. The texture of the base at that time inside is like the 
flesh of a ripe apple—if cut into slices with a knife—the color is greenish 
white as in a green apple; oozy-cellular, apparently radiating from the stalk. 
The green color soon changes to tawny orange—and then may be seen a few 
white branching fibers radiating from the stalk. As soon as the ligules are 
protruded on account of rainy weather, the base grows no more; but if the 
weather is not rainy the base enlarges day by day. The epidermis of the 
younger sporidochia, before their full maturity, has a somewhat filamentous- 
scaly texture, and the thickness of the skin of an apple. In their mature 
condition the ligules are covered with sporidia, just as in P. Juniperi—but 
the ligules are usually longer and not conic, often subflexuous and more 
attenuate toward the apex. 


The asterisk was probably omitted from this number by mis- 
take. Schweinitz evidently had many doubts about the true nature 
of this fungus and its generic position. In the North Carolina list 
he did not add “Sz.” to the name, nor did he supply a technical 
diagnosis, as in the case of his other new species. This may have 
been an accidental omission while in editorial hands, but is more 
likely an indication that Schweinitz hesitated regarding the best pro- 
cedure. 


(504. 1. [Gymnosporangium] Juniperi Virginiane. 

N. B. Wholly to be separated, I believe, from the genus Puc- 
cinia, and to constitute with Podisoma Juniperi, on the European 
Sabina, a new genus, even of this order? (that Podisoma Juniperi 
should be reunited with Gymnosporangium Juniperi, Nees himself 
affirms). In both the form and substance of the gelatinous ligule, 
loaded with spores, it agrees with the European fungus mentioned; 
but ours has a remarkable base, a thing never seen in the European. 
This base, as I have termed it, a somewhat corky-fleshy body, is 
quite like the flesh of Boletus hepaticus, even in color, and is borne 
on an obconic stalk, attached by its tip to the slender branches of 
our cedars (Juniperus Virginiana) at the very top of the trees ;— 
from this it changes into a hard (almost woody) capitulum, ex- 
panded, with incurved margins, marked with many pits, from which 
in wet weather are protruded the ligules, which when they have 
been dropped leave the pits empty. The color of the base is flesh- 
gray, of the fungus when fruiting and extruding the ligules strongly 
greenish golden, attracting the eye from a distance. Also, the capit- 
ulum is pendulous, and has a diameter of two to four inches. 

Spores covering the external surface of the ligules, linear- 
oblong, somewhat curved, two-celled, when again wet after drying 
yellowish, exactly like Nees’s illustration characterizing Gymno- 
sporangium. ) 


264 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Represented only by a mounted specimen, consisting of three 
galls, each about 1.5 cm. broad, one of which bears.numerous pro- 
jecting telia, 5 mm. long, the other two much eaten by insects. The 
fungus is one of the best known American rusts, now generally 
listed under the name first given by Schweinitz. Why Link changed 
the name, having no information except that supplied in Schweinitz’s 
Carolina list, and not having seen a specimen, is not evident. 
Schweinitz accepts Link’s substitute name, but places the species 
under the genus Podisoma for reasons which he states. 


Note—tThe above account includes all numbers pertaining to 
rusts in Schweinitz’s “Synopsis Fungorum in America Boreali.” 
It also includes all numbers possibly relating to rusts, given under 
Ecidium, Uredo, Puccinia and Gymnosporangium in his “ Synop- 
sis Fungorum Caroline Superioris” except two. 

No. “460. [Uredo] confluens B., rare on softer leaves, e. g. 
Veratrum album,” is represented by no specimen or original packet 
at Philadelphia, and the identity of the collection must be left unde- 
cided. No rust is known that would answer the requirement. 

No. “475. [Uredo| Bete, a and B, here and there on leaves of 
the garden beet and on Jpomeaa pandurane,’ is represented by no 
specimen or original packet. The most probable suggestion points 
to species of the Phycomycetous genus Albugo to account for this 


number. 


SCHWEINITZ’S UREDINALES IN SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT. 
COLEOSPORIACE. 


CoLeosporIuM Ipoma:® (Schw.) Burr, (Uredo Ipomee Schw., 
Ceoma Ipomee Link). 
On Ipomea pandurata L., I, III, North Carolina, 2824. 


CoLEOSPORIUM ELEPHANTOPODIS (Schw.) Thiim. (Uredo Elephanto- 
podis Schw., Ceoma Elephantopodis Link). 
On Elephantopus tomentosus L., Il, North Carolina, 2825. 


(COLEOSPORIUM VERNONL® Berk. & Curt. 
On Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Willd., North Carolina, 
2820.) 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 265 


CoLEeosporiIuM SoLmpaGINis (Schw.) Thtim. (Uredo Solidaginis 
Schw., Ceoma Solidaginis Schw.). 
On Solidago altissima L., 11, North Carolina, 2826. 
Solidago rugosa Mill., II, Pennsylvania, 2826. 
Solidago sempervirens L., 11, New York, 2826. 
Solidago serotina Ait., Il, Pennsylvania, 2826. 


CoLEOSPORIUM TEREBINTHINACEA (Schw.) Arth. (Uredo Terebin- 
thinacee Schw., Ceoma Terebinthinacee Schw.). 
On Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq., 2827. 


CoteosportuM HEeELIANTHI (Schw.) Arth. (Ceoma Helianthi 
Schw.). 
On Helianthus giganteus L., ii, III, Pennsylvania, 2828. 


UREDINACE® (Melampsoracee). 


MELAMpsorA Mepuszz Thum. 
On Populus dilatata Ait. (P. italica Moench), II, Pennsyl- 


vania, 2855. 


MeLAMpsoraA Bicetowi Thiim. 
On Salix nigra Marsh., II, Pennsylvania, 2856. 


PUCCINIASTRUM AGRIMONLE (Schw.) Tranz. (Ceoma Agrimonie 
Schw.). 
On Agrimonia parviflora Soland., II, North Carolina (Penn- 
sylvania), 2835. 


PucciniastruM Myrtititr (Schum.) Arth. (P. minimum Arth., 
Uredo minima Schw., Ceoma Asalee Schw.). 
On Azalea nudiflora L., Il, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 
2838. 


KUEHNEOLA Urepinis (Link) Arth. (Phragmidium albidum 
Lagerh. ). 
On Rubus ideus L., II, Pennsylvania, 2833. 


~ 


266 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


MeLampsoropsis Pyrotz® (DC.) Arth. (C@oma pyrolatum Schw., 

Zcidium pyrolatum Schw., Chrysomyxa Pyrole Rostr.). 

On Pyrola uliginosa Torr. (P. rotundifolia Am. Auct.), II, 
New York, 2893. 


Hyaropsora Aspipiotus (Peck) Magn. 
On Phegopteris Dryopteris (L.) Fee (Aspidium obtuswm 
Muhl.), Il, New York, 2536. 


CRONARTIUM Quercus (Brond.) Schrot. (Peridermium Cerebrum 
Peck). 

On Pinus virginicus Mill. (P. imops Sol.), I, Pennsylvania, 
2903. 


PERIDERMIUM INTERMEDIUM Arth. & Kern. 
On Pinus sp., 1, North Carolina, 2903. 


FECIDIACE® (Pucciniacee). 


RAVENELIA EPIPHYLLA (Schw.) Diet. (Spheria epiphylla Schw.). 
On Cracca virginiana L. (Tephrosia virginiana Pers., Galega 
virgimana L.), III, North Carolina, 1474. 


TRANZSCHELIA PUNCTATA (Pers.) Arth. (Ca@oma hepaticatum 
Schw., cidium hepaticatum Schw., Puccinia Pruni- 
Spinose Pers.). 
On Hepatica Hepatica (L.) Karst. (H. triloba Chaix., Anem- 
one Hepatica L.), I, Pennsylvania, 2878. 


POLYTHELIS FUSCA (Pers.) Arth. (Puccinia Anemones Pers.). 
On Anemone quinquefolia L., III, Pennsylvania, 2936. 


PoLYTHELIS THALIcTRI (Chev.) Arth. (Ce@oma Thalictri Schw., 
Puccinia Thalictri Chev.). 
On Thalictrum polygamum Muhl. (T. Cornuti Auct.), III, 
New York, 2849. 


?PHRAGMIDIUM IMITANS Arth. 
On Rubus ideus L., 1, Pennsylvania, 2854. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 267 


EARLEA SPECIOSA (Fries) Arth. (Seiridium marginatum Schw. not 
Nees, S. Smilacis Schw., Phragmidium speciosum 
Cooke). 
On Rosa carolina L. (R. corymbosa Ehrh., R. pauciflora 
Muhl.), I, North Carolina, 2832; III, Pennsylvania, 
308 4. 
Rosa virginiana Mill., III, Pennsylvania, 3085. 


FROMMEA opBtTusA (Strauss) Arth. (Puccinia Potentille Schw., 
Phragmidium Potentille-canadensis Diet., Kwehneola ob- 
tusa Arth.). 

On Potentilla canadensis I1,, I1,, North Carolina, Pennsyl- 
vania, 2834; III, Pennsylvania, 2945. 


KUNKELIA NITENS (Schw.) Arth. (4écidium nitens Schw., A. lumi- 
natum Schw., Ceoma luminatum Link). 
On Rubus Ensleni Tratt., III, North Carolina, 2887. 
Rubus sp., 111, Pennsylvania, 2887. 


GYMNOSPORANGIUM MyYRICATUM (Schw.) Fromme (G. Ellisii Farl., 
Ceoma myricatum Schw., dicidium myricatum Schw.). 
On Myrica cerifera L., I, New York, 2894. 


GYMNOSPORANGIUM JUNIPERI-VIRGINIANZ Schw. (G. macropus 
Link, Podisoma macropus Schw., Ceoma pyratum Schw., 
Ecidium pyratum Schw.). 
On Malus coronaria (L.) Mill. (Pyrus coronaria L., P. angus- 
tifolia Ait.), I, Pennsylvania, 2896. 
Malus Malus (L.) Britton (Pyrus Malus L.), I, Pennsyl- 
vania, 28008, 2900. 
Juniperus virguuana L., III, North Carolina, Pennsyl- 
vania, 3000. 


GYMNOSPORANGIUM GLOBOSUM Farl. 
On Crategus punctata Jacq., I, Pennsylvania, 2800 a. 
Pyrus communis L., I, North Carolina or Pennsylvania, or 
both, 2900. 


268 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


GYMNOSPORANGIUM HYALINUM (Cooke) Kern (Restelia hyalina 
Cooke). 
On Crategus viridis L. (C. arborescens Ell.), 1, North Caro- 
lina, 28008. 


GYMNOSPORANGIUM TRACHYSORUM Kern. 
On Crategus Oxyacantha L., I, Pennsylvania, 2890y. 


GYMNOSPORANGIUM BOTRYAPITES (Schw.) Kern (G. biseptatum 
Ellis, Ce@oma botryapites Schw., Ceratites botryapites 
Schw.). 
On Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medic. (Aronia Botryapium 
Pers.), I, Pennsylvania, 2902. 


GYMNOSPORANGIUM GERMINALE (Schw.) Kern (G. clavipes C. & 
P., Ceoma germinale Schw., Peridermium germinale 
Schw.). 
On Crategus sp., I, Pennsylvania, 2904. 
Juniperus virginiana L., III, Pennsylvania, 3004. 


GYMNOSPORANGIUM CLAVARLEZFORME (Jacq.) DC. 
Gn Juniperus communis L., III, Pennsylvania, 3095. 


Uromyces JuNCcI-EFFuUsSI Syd. (Puccinia Junci Schw.). 
On Juncus effusus L., I, II, Pennsylvania, 2906, 2913. 


Uromyces Cauapit (Schw.) Farl. (4cidium Caladii Schw., A. 
aroidatum Link, A. dracontionatum Schw., Uredo Caladii 
Schw., Ceoma Caladii Schw., C. aroidatum Link, C. Ari- 
virginici Schw., C. dracontionatum Schw., Puccinia Ari- 
triphylli Schw.). 

On Arisema triphyllum (L.) Schott (Arum triphyllum L), 
III, Pennsylvania, 2946. 

Muricauda Dracontium (L.) Small (Arum Dracontium L., 
Arisema Dracontium Schott), I, North Carolina, Penn- 
sylvania, 2861. 

Peltandra virginica (L.) Kunth (Arum virginicum L.), I, 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA, 269 


North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 2839; I, North Carolina, 
2860. 


UroMyceEs HOUSTONIATUS (Schw.) Sheldon (C@oma houstoniatum 
Schw., 4icidium houstoniatum Schw.). 
On Houstonia cerulea L., 1, Pennsylvania, 2897. 


Uromyces Hyperici-Fronposr (Schw.) Arth. (42cidium Hyperici- 
frondosi Schw., A. hypericatum Schw., Ceoma Hyperici 
Schw., C. hypericatum Link). 
On Hypericum prolificum L. (H. frondosum Michx.), I, 
North Carolina, 2883. 
Hypericum sp., 11, North Carolina, 2842; I, Pennsylvania, 
2883. 


UROMYCES PEDATATUS (Schw.) Sheldon (U. Andropogonis Tracy, 
cidium pedatatum Schw., A. sagittatum Schw., Ceoma 
pedatatum Schw., C. sagittatum Schw.). 

On Viola pedata L., I, Pennsylvania, 2885. 
Viola primulefolia L., 1, Pennsylvania, 2884 p.p. 
Viola sagittata Ait., 1, Pennsylvania, 2886. 


UROMYCES APPENDICULATUS (Pers.) Fries (Uredo appendiculata 
Pers., Puccinia Phaseoli-trilobi Schw.). 
On Phaseolus vulgaris L., 1, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 
2845. 
Strophostyles helvolva (L.) Britton (Phaseolus trilobus 
Michx.), III, New York, 2942. 


Uromyces Fas (Pers.) DeBary (Uredo Vicie Pers., Ceoma 
leguminosarum Schlecht., Puccinia Fabe Link.) 
On Vicia Faba L., I, II, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 2847, 


2943. 


UromMyces LeESPEDEZ2-PROCUMBENTIS (Schw.) M. A. Curt. (Puc- 
cinia Lespedeze-procumbentis Schw., P. Lespedez@-poly- 
stachy@ Schw., P. Lespedezee-violacee Schw.). 

On Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. (L. polystachya Michx.), 
III, North Carolina, 2947. 


PROC. AMER. PHIL. SOC., VOL. LVII, S, JULY 17, 1918. 


270 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Lespedeza procumbens Michx., I11, North Carolina, Penn- 
sylvania, 2040. 

Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers., III, North Carolina, New 
Jersey, 2041. 


UroMyces HEpDYSARI-PANICULATI (Schw.) Farl. (Puccinia Hedy- 
sari-paniculati Schw., Phragmidium Hedysari Schw.). 
On Meibomia paniculata (L.) Kuntze (Hedysarum panicula- 
tum L., Desmodium paniculatum DC.), Ill, North 
Carolina, Pennsylvania, 2047. 


UROMYCES PROEMINENS (DC.) Pass. (4cidium Euphorbie-hyper- 
icifolie Schw., Ceoma Euphorbie-hypericifolie Schw.). 
On Chamesyce maculata (L.) Small (Euphorbia maculata L.), 
I, North Carolina, 2846. 
Chamesyce Preslii (Guss.) Arth. (Euphorbia Presli 
Guss.), II, III, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 2846; 
I, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 2890. 


UroMyces SPERMACOCES (Schw.) M. A. Curt. (Ce@oma Sperma- 
coces Schw., Puccinia Spermacoces Schw.). 
On Diodia teres Walt. (Spermacoce diodina Michx.), ii, III, 
North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 2840. 


PUCCINIA POCULIFORMIS (Jacq.) Wettst. (Ecidium Berberidis 
Pers., Ceoma berberidatum Link, Puccinia graminis 
Pers. ). 
On Berberis vulgaris L., 1, North Carolina, 2887. 
Triticum vulgare Vill., II, New York, 2817; III, Penn- 
sylvania, 2005. 


PUCCINIA EPIPHYLLA (L.) Wettst. (P. Poarum Niess1). 
On Poa pratensis L., 11, North Carolina, 2878. 


PUCCINIA VIRGATA Ellis & Ev. (Ce@oma Andropogi Schw.). 
On Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash (Andropogon avenaceum 
Michx.), II, iii, Pennsylvania, 2820. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA, 271 


Puccin1iA MAyANTH# (Schum.) Arth. (42cidiuwm Uvularie Schw., 
ZEcidium uvulariatum Schw., Ca@oma_ convallariatum 
Link, C. uvulariatum Schw.). 
On Uvularia perfoliata L., I, North Carolina, 2858. 
Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong (Smilacina racemosa 
Desf.), I, Pennsylvania, 2857. 


Puccinta ANnpropocontis Schw. ( P. Zizanie Schw., 4icidium Pen- 
tastemonis Schw., A. pentstemoniatum Schw., Ceoma: 
pentstemoniatum Schw.). 

On Andropogon scoparius Michx., III, Pennsylvania, 2971. 
Andropogon virginicus L., III, Pennsylvania, 2915. 
Pentstemon australis Small, I, North Carolina, 2864. 


PUCCINIA FRAXINATA (Link) Arth. (4cidium Fraxim Schw.,. 
Ceoma fraxinatum Link, C. fraxinites Schw.). 
On Fraxinus sp., I, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 2901. 


PuccINtA ARUNDINARL® Schw. 
On Arundinaria sp., 111, Carolina, 2907. 


PucciniA CLEMATIDIS (DC.) Lagerh. (P. Agropyri Ellis & Ev., 
ZEcidium Clematitis Schw., A. clematitatum Schw., 
Ceoma clematitatum Schw.). 
On Clematis virginiana L., I, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 
2874. 


PuccintA Eatoni® Arth. (42cidium Ranunculi Schw.). 
On Ranunculus abortivus L., I, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 


PUCCINIA HIBISCIATA (Schw.) Kellerm. (P. Muhlenbergie Arth. 
& Holw., Acidium hibisciatum Schw., Ceoma hibi- 
sciatum Schw.). 

On Hibiscus militaris Cav., I, Pennsylvania, 2877. 


272 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Puccinia IMPATIENTIS (Schw.) Arth. (P. perminuta Arth., 4ci- 
dium Impatientis Schw., A. impatientatum Schw., Ceoma 
impatientatum Schw.). 

On Impatiens biflora Walt. (J. maculata Muhl.), I, North 
Carolina, Pennsylvania, 2880. 


PucciNniA SorGHI Schw. . 
On Zea Mays L., 1i, III, Pennsylvania, 2970. 


PUCCINIA EMACULATA Schw. 
On Panicum capillare L., I11, Pennsylvania, 2912. 


PucciniA WINpDsSORLE Schw. 
On Tridens flavus (L.) Hitche. (Poa quinquifida Pursh, P. 
seslerioides Michx., P. flava L.), III, Pennsylvania, 


2014. 


PUCCINIA LYSIMACHIATA (Link) Kern (P. limose Magn., Acid- 
ium Lysimachie Schw., Ceoma lysimachiatum Link). 
On Lysimachia quadrifolia L., 1, North Carolina, 2863. 
Lysimachia terrestris (L.) B. S. P. (L. racemosa Lam., L. 
stricta Ait.), I, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 2863. 


PUCCINIA HIERACIATA (Schw.) Arth. & Bisby (P. patruelis Arth., 
Aicidium hieraciatum Schw., Ceoma hieraciatum Schw.) 
On Hieracium paniculatum L., 1, Pennsylvania, 2868. 


Puccinia ASTERUM (Schw.) Kern (P. extensicola Plowr., 4cid- 
ium Asterum Schw., A. asteratum Schw., A. erigerona- 
tum Schw., A. Solidaginis Schw., Ce@oma asteratum 
Link, C. erigeronatum Schw.). 
On Aster paniculatus Lam., I, North Carolina, 2870. 
Erigeron annuus Pers. (E. heterophyllus Muhl.), I, Penn- 
sylvania, 2860. 
Solidago sp., 1, North Carolina, 2870. 


Puccinia Iripis (DC.) Wallr. (Ceoma Iridis Schw.). 
On Iris versicolor L., 11, Pensylvania, 2812 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 273 


Puccin1A PoLtyGoNI-AMPHIBII Pers. (P. polygonorum Link, P. 
Polygoni-pensilvanici Schw., P. concentrica Schw., 
ZEcidium Geranii-maculati Schw.). 
On Geranium maculatum L., I, North Carolina, 2879. 

Persicaria emersa (Michx.) Small (Polygonum coccineum 
Muhl.), II, III, Pennsylvania, 2978. 

Persicaria pennsylvanica (L.) Small (Polygonum pennsyl- 
vanicum L.), III, North Carolina, 2977. 

Tovara virginiana (L.) Raf. (Polygonum virginianum L.), 
III, Pennsylvania, 2977, 2918. 


PUCCINIA CLAYTONIATA (Schw.) Peck (cidium claytoniatum 
Schw., Ceoma claytoniatum Schw.). 
On Claytonia virginica L., I, New York, 2892. 


PuccintiA ANEMONES-VIRGINIAN Schw. (P. Solida Schw.). 
On Anemone virginiana L., III, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 
2037: 


Puccinta Popopuytii Schw. (P. aculeata Link, Acidium Podo- 
phylli Schw., A. podophyllatum Schw.). 
On Podophyllum peltatum L., I, Il], North Carolina, Penn- 
sylvania, 2888, 2939. 


PuccintA HEUCHER# (Schw.) Dietel (Ce@oma Heuchere Link, 
Uredo Heuchere Schw.). 
On Heuchera americana L., U1, North Carolina, 2843. ; 
Heuchera villosa Michx., I11, North Carolina, 2843. 


Puccinta VioLa (Schum.) DC. (4cidium Viole Schum., Ceoma 
violatum Link). 
On Viola hastata Michx., I, North Carolina, 2884 p.p. 


Puccin1tA SAmBuci‘(Schw.) Arth. (P. Bolleyana Sacc., 4cidium 
Sambuci Schw., A. sambuciatum Schw., Ceoma sam- 
buciatum Schw.). 

On Sambucus canadensis L., I, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 
2897. 


274 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


PucCINIA GROSSULARLE (Schum.) Lagerh. (Ce@oma grossulariatum 
Link). 
On Carex sp., III, Pennsylvania, 2908 p.p. 
Grossularia oxycanthoides (L.) Mill. (Ribes oxycanthoides 
L.), I, Pennsylvania, 2882. 


Pucctnia Ereocuaripis Arth. (Ce@oma compositarum Link p.p.). 
On Exupatorium purpureum L., 1, Pennsylvania, 2867 B. 


PUCCINIA ANGUSTATA Peck. 
On Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth, III, Pennsylvania, 2908 
p.p-, 2909. 


PUCCINIA CANALICULATA (Schw.) Lagerh. (Spheria canaliculata 
Schw.). 
On Cyperus sp., III, Pennsylvania, 1487. 


Puccinia SMILAcIs Schw. (4cidium Smilacis Schw., A. smilacina- 
tum Schw., Ceoma smilacinatum Link, Uredo Smilacis 
Schw.). 
On Smilax rotundifolia L., 1, North Carolina, 2859; II, same, 
2622; Til, same, 2070. 
Smilax sp., II, Pennsylvania, 2822; III, same, 2916. 


Puccinia Circ## Pers. 
On Circea Lutetiana L., III, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 
2831, 2938. 


PucciniA PIMPINELL2 (Strauss) Mart. (P. Myrrhis Schw., P. 
Osmorrhize C. & P., Ceoma Anemonis Schw., C. Chero- 
phylli Schw.). 

On Cherophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz (Myrrhis procum- 
bens Spreng.), II, III, Pennsylvania, 2034. 
Osmorrhiza Claytoni (Michx.) Clarke (Myrrhis Claytoni 
Michx.), II, III, Pennsylvania, 2841. 
Osmorrhiza sp. (not Anemone or Chelidonium), II., Penn- 
sylvania, 2829; II, III, New York, 2851. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 275 


Puccinta Mento Pers. (P. Pycnanthemi Schw., Ceoma labia- 
tarum Link, Uredo Clinopodii Schw.). 
On Koellia incana (L.) Kuntze (Clinopodium incanum L., 
Pycnanthemum incanum Michx.), Il, North Carolina, 
Pennsylvania, 2823; III, Pennsylvania, 2920. 


PUCCINIA VERRUCOSA (Schultz) Link (P. Hyssopi Schw.). 
On Agastache scrophulariefolia (Willd.) Kuntze (Hyssopus 
scrophulariefolius Willd.) III, Pennsylvania, 2944. 


PucciNIA MACULosA Schw. not Strauss (?42cidium Dandelionis 
Schw.). 
On (?) Adopogon Dandelion (L.) Kuntze (Krigia Dandelion 
Nutt., Tragopogon Dandelion L., Cynthia Dandelion 
DC.), III, North Carolina, 2867 a. 
Adopogon virginicus (L.) Kuntze (Krigia virginica Willd., 
Cynthia virginica D. Don), ILI, Pennsylvania, 2922. 


PuccInIA XANTHII Schw. 
On Xanthium sp., III, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 2927. 


PucciNIA VERNONIA Schw. (P. bullata Schw. not Link, P. longipes 
Lagerh.). 
On Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Willd., HI, Pennsylvania, 
2010. 
Vernoma sp., III, North Carolina, 2019; III, Pennsyl- 
vania, 2020. 


PucciniA KuHNI#& Schw. 
On Kuhnia eupatorioides L., I1I1, Pennsylvania, 2931. 


PucCINIA TENUIS (Schw.) Burr. (4cidium tenue Schw., Ceoma 
tenue Schw.). 
On Eupatorium ageratoides L.f., I, Pennsylvania, 2889. 


Pucctn1a Hettopsipis Schw. 
On Heliopsis sp., III, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 2924. 


276 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Puccinta HELIANTHI-MOLLIS (Schw.) Arth. & Bisby (P. Helian- 
thi Schw., P. Helianthorum Schw., Aicidium Helianthi- 
mollis Schw., A. helianthatum Schw., A. trachelifoliatum 
Schw., Ceoma helianthatum Schw., C. trachelifoliatum 
Schw.). 
On Helianthus mollis Lam., I, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 
2071. 
Helianthus tracheliifolius Willd., 1, Pennsylvania, 2872. 
Helianthus tuberosus L., 111, Pennsylvania, 2023. 
Helianthus sp., 111, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 2923. 


PUCCINIA VERBESINZ Schw. (4cidium Verbesine Schw.). 
On Verbesina [occidentalis (L.) Walt.], I, North Carolina, 
2670, AL same, 2925: 


PUCCINIA GNAPHALIATA (Schw.) Arth. & Bisby (P. investita Schw., 
cidium gnaphaliatum Schw., Ceoma gnaphaliatum 
Schw.). 
On Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. (G. polycephalum Michx.), 
I, Pennsylvania, 2873; III, same, 2932. 


Puccinia Crrsit Lasch (P. compositarum Link, p.p.). 
On Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng. (Cnicus altissimus Willd.), 
III, Pennsylvania, 2921. 


PucctniA AsterIs Duby (P. Asteris Schw., P. Helenti Schw.). 
On Aster cordifolius L., 111, Pennsylvania, 2930. 
Aster paniculatus Lam., III, Pennsylvania, 2930. 
Aster salicifolius Lam. III, Pennsylvania, 2928. 


PucciNIA SILPHII Schw. 
On Silphium trifoliatum L., III, North Carolina, 2929. 


ZEciprum Apocyni Schw. (A. apocynatum Schw., C@oma apocyna- 
tum Schw.). 
On Apocynum cannabinum L., I, North Carolina, 2865. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA, 277 


ZECIDIUM CIMICIFUGATUM Schw. (C@oma cimicifugatum Schw.). 
On Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt., I, Pennsylvania, 2876. 


ExcLupEpD NAMES. 


The following names and numbers apply to forms that are not 
rusts, or if so are impossible of identification. 


Ceoma (Uredo) rimosum Link. 
On Scirpus lacustris L. (S. acutus Muhl.), New York, 2879; 
no fungus present, probabiy mechanical injury. 


Ceoma (Uredo) Campanularum Link (Uredo Campanule Schw.). 
On Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. (Campanula perfoliata 

L., C. amplexicaulis Michx.), North Carolina, Pennsyl- 

vania, 2830; no specimen preserved, probably not a rust. 


Ceoma (Uredo) Teucrii Schw. 
On Teucrium canadense L. (T. virginicum L.), Pennsylvania, 
2837; a Hyphomycetous fungus, Cercospora Teucri 
(Schw.) Arth. & Bisby (C. racemosa E. & M.). 


Ceoma (Uredo) apiculosum Link (Uredo flosculosorum Alb. & 
Schw.). 
On various hosts, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 2844; no speci- 
men preserved, and the name so loosely applied as to 
have no value. 


Ceoma (Uredo) Lobelie-cardinalis Schw. 
On Lobelia cardinalis L., Pennsylvania, 2848 ; a Hyphomycetous 
fungus, usually called Cercospora effusa (B. & C.) Ellis 
& Ev. 


Ceoma (Uredo) brunneum Schw. 
On an undetermined leguminous plant, Pennsylvania, 2850; 
some pathological condition, but no fungus present. 


278 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Ceoma (Aicidium) rubellatum Link (4cidium Rumicis Schw.). 
On Rumex “and Grossularia,’” North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 
2862; no specimen preserved, probably young fungi im- 
perfecti, certainly not a rust. 


Ceoma (4cidium) convolvulatum Schw. (4 cidium Ipomee-pan- 
durane Schw., A. convolvulatum Schw.). 
On Ipomea pandurata L., North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 2866; 
not a rust, but one of the Peronosporales, Albugo Ipo- 
mee-pandurane (Schw.) Swingle. 


Ceoma (4icidium) osmundatum Schw. (4cidium osmundatum 
Schw.). 
On Osmunda spectabilis Willd., New York, 2895; not a rust, 
but a fungus of uncertain affinity, Mycosyrinx Osmunde 
Peck (Ustilago Osmunde Peck). 


Ceoma (A:cidium) urticatum Link (4cidium Asperifolii Schw.). 
On Cynoglossum virginicum L. (C. amplexicaule Muhl.) and 
Urtica sp., North Carolina, 2898; no specimen preserved, 

very doubtful, but certainly not a rust. 


Puccimia Bullaria Schw. not Link. 

On Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze (Lophanthus nepetoides 
Benth., Hyssopus nepetoides L.), Pennsylvania, 2935; 
no specimen in Philadelphia, but one in Washington, 
not a rust, may be an ascomycete. 


CHRONOLOGICAL ENUMERATION. 


After the serial numbers the corresponding numbers from the 
Carolina list, when there are any, are given in parentheses. The 
Schweinitz name is followed by the name at present in use, or other 
identification. An original specimen at the Philadelphia Academy 
of Sciences is indicated when in an autographic packet by an as- 


terisk *, when mounted by a dagger f. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 


*+1474 (130) Spheria epiphylla L.v.S. 


=yr487. = 
*+2817 0 - 
72818 (464) 
*F2819 - 
*+2820  - 
*;282T - 
72822 (471) 
2823 (460) 
*72824 (468) 
*72825 (467) 
*+2826 (472) 
2827 (473) 
#72828 - 
72829 
2830 (465) 
2831 (466) 
*72832 (463) 
*2833. — 


72834 (461) 
*72835 (462) 


#42836 - 
$2837 - 
72838 (470) 
72839 (480) 
72840 (502) 
72841 - 
72842 - 


72843 (479) 


“ 


“ 


279 | 


= Ravenelia epiphylla (Schw.) 
Diet. 
canaliculata L.v.S. = Puccinia canaliculata (Schw.) 
Lagerh. 
Ceoma (Uredo) Rubigo Lk. = Puccinia poculiformis (Jacq.) 
Wettst. 


linearis Lk. — Puccinia epiphylla (L.) Wettst. 
rimosum Lk. —no fungus, mechanical injury. 
Andropogi L.v.S. = Puccinia virgata Ell. & Ev. 
Tridis L.v.S. = Puccinia Iridis (DC.) Wallr. 
Smilacis L.v.S. = Puccinia Smilacis Schw. 
Labiatarum Lk. = Puccinia Menthe Pers. 
Ipomee Lv.S. = Coleosporium Ipomee (Schw.) 


Burr. 
Elephantopodis = Coleosporium Elephantopodis 
L.v.9. (Schw.) Thim. 


Solidaginis L.v.S. = Coleosporium Solidaginis 
(Schw.) Thum. 

Terebinthinacee =Coleosporium  Terebinthina- 

ENS. cee (Schw.) Arth. 

Helianthi L.v.S. = Coleosporium Helianthi 
(Schw.) Arth. 

Anemonis L.v.S. = Puccinia Pimpinelle (Str.) 
Mart. 

Campanularum = uncertain, probably not a rust. 

Lk. 

Onagrarum Lk. 

miniata Lk. 

ruborum Lk. 


= Puccinia Circee Pers. 

= FEarlea speciosa (Fries) Arth. 

= Kuehneola Uredinis (Link) 
Arth. 

PotentillarumLk. = Frommea obtusa (Str.) Arth. 

Agrimonie L.v.S. = Pucciniastrum Agrimonie 
(Schw.) Tranz. 

= Hyalopsora Aspidiotus (Peck) 
Magn. 

= Cercospora Teucrii (Schw.) 
Arth. & Bisby, not a rust. 

= Pucciniastrum Myrtilli 
(Schum.) Arth. 

= Uromyces Caladii (Schw.) 


Filicum Lk. 
Teucrit L.v.S. 
Azalee Lv.S. 


Ari virginici 


Livis: Farl. 
Spermacoces = Uromyces Spermacoces 
Ev.S: (Schw.) M. A. Curt. 
Cherophylli = Puccinia Pimpinelle (Str.) 
LES, Mart. 


Hyperict L.v.S. = Uromyces Hyperici-frondosi 
(Schw.) Arth. 
Heuchere L.v.S. = Puccinia Heuchere (Schw.) 


Diet. 


_ 280 


ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


2844 (478) Ceoma (Uredo) apiculosum Lk. = uncertain, name of no value. 


*42845 (477,490) " 
*+2846 (450,474) “ 


28471470) 0 


2848 - ‘3 
72849 - z 
72850 - és 
72851 - Gr 
2854.) — , 
28S 5h) = ; 
#42856 — 4 
2857. - ; 


72858 (453) =“ 
72859 (452) 
72860 (457) 
*+2861 i 


2862 (433) 
+2863 (438) “ 


*2864 (449) 
*+2865 (448) “ 


*+2866 (454)  “ 
#2867 (434) 
+2868 - ch 


72869 . 


“cc 


{ 2870 (444,446) “ 


2870 (445) 


oe 


“ce 


“ec 


“ 


appendiculosum = Uromyces appendiculatus 
Lk. (Pers.) Fries. 
punctuosum Lk. = Uromyces proéminens (DC.) 
Pass: 
Leguminosarum = Uromyces Fabe (Pers.) De- 
Lk. Bary. 
Lobelie cardi- =Cercospora effusa (B. & C.) 


nalis L.v.S. 
Thalictri L.v.S. 


Ell. & Ev., not a rust. 
= Polythelis Thalictri (Chev.) 
Arth. 
brunneum L.v.S.= uncertain, not a fungus. 
Chelidont’ L.v.S.=Puccinia Pimpinelle (Str.) 
Mart. 
—=uncertain, may be Phragmid- 
ium inutans Arth. 
cylindricum Lk. = Melampsora Meduse Thim. 
epiteum Lk. = Melampsora Bigelowt Thim. 


gyrosum Lk. 


(4Ecidium) Convallaria- = Puccinia Majanthe (Schum.) 


“ce 


‘ 


tum Lk. Arth. & Holw. 
Uvulariatum =Puccinia Majanthe (Schum.) 
aves: Arth. & Holw. 
Smilacinatum = Puccinia Smilacis Schw. 
IDASE 
Aroidatum L.v.S. = Uromyces Caladii (Schw.) 
Farl. 
Dracontionatum = Uromyces Caladii (Schw.) 
IE SVASY Farl. 
rubellatum Lk. uncertain, not a rust. 
Lysimachiatum = Puccinia lysimachiata (Link) 
Lk. Kern. 
Pentstemonia- = Puccinia Andropogonits Schw. 
tum L.v.S. 
Apocynatum = Acidium apocynatum Schw. 
Lv.S: 
Convolvulatum = Albugo Ipomeae-pandurane 
ILS WS (Schw.) Swingle, not a rust. 
a=uncertain, may be Puccinia 
Sea maculosa Schw. 


Lk. [8 = Puccinia Eleocharidis Arth. 


Hieraciatum = Puccinia hieraciata (Schw.) 
lve: Arth. & Bisby. 
Erigeronatum —=FPuccinia Asterum (Schw.) 

ILS BSE Kern. 
Asteratum L.v.S. = Puccinia Asterum (Schw.) 
Kern. 


Asteratum L.v.S. = Puccinia Verbesine Schw. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 


42871 (450) Ceoma (Aicidium) Helian- 


*+2872  - 
*{2873 - 


2874 (447) 


$2877. - 
2878 - 
72879 (443) 
72880 (442) 
72881 (437) 
72882 - 


*72883 (451) 


72884 (439) 
*72885 - 
72886 - 


*72887 (458) 
*72888 (435) 


72889 - 
72890 [455] 


*+2801 — 
*F2802  - 

72893. - 
*72894  - 


72895 - 


- 


“ 


“ 


281 


= Puccinia Helianthi-mollis 
thatum L.v.S. (Schw.) Arth. & Bisby. 
Trachelifoliatum = Puccinia Helianthi-mollis 


yeah (Schw.) Arth. & Bisby. 
Gnaphaliatum = Puccinia gnaphaliata (Schw.) 
Lives Arth. & Bisby. 
Clematitatum = Puccinia Clematidis (DC.) 
Lv.9. Lagerh. 
Ranunculaceatum = Puccinia Eatonie Arth. 
Lk. 
Cimicifugatum = Aicidium cimicifugatum Schw. 
WA ESY 
Hibisciatum = Puccinia hibisciata (Schw.) 
Pavan Kellerm. 
Hepaticatum _ =Tranzschelia punctata (Pers.) 
EEve0: Arth. 
Geraniatum Lk. = Puccinia Polygont-amphibii 
Pers. 
Impatientatum = Puccinia Impatientis (Schw.) 
Leavis: Arth. 
Berberidatum —=Puccinia poculiformis (Jacq.) 
Lk. Wettst. 
grossulariatum = Puccinia Grossularie (Schum.) 
Lk. Lagerh. 
Hypericatum = Uromyces Hyperici-frondosi 
LveS: (Schw.) Arth. 
Puccinia Viole (Schum.) DCT. 
Violatum Lk. = Uromyces pedatatus (Schw.) 
Sheldon. 
pedatatum L.v.S. = Uromyces pedatatus (Schw.) 
Sheldon. 
sagittatum L.v.S. = Uromyces pedatatus (Schw.) 
Sheldon. 


luminatum L.v.S. = Kunkelia nitens (Schw.) Arth. 
Podophyllatum = Puccinia Podophylli Schw. 
Eves 
tenue L.v.S. = Puccinia tenuis (Schw.) Burr. 
Euphorbie-hyper- = Uromyces proéminens (DC.) 
ictfolie L.v.S. Pass. 


Houstoniatum = Uromyces houstoniatus 
Lvewds (Schw.) Sheldon. 
Claytoniatum =FPuccinia claytoniata (Schw.) 
Lavi? © ye beck 
Pyrolatum L.v.S. = Melampsoropsis Pyrole (DC.) 
Arth. 


myricatum L.v.S. = Gymnosporangium myricatum 
(Schw.) Fromme. 

= Mycosyrinx Osmunde Peck, 
not a rust. 


Osmundatum 


Lev 


282 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


+2806 - Caoma (Acidium) Pyratum = Gymnosporangium Juniperi- 
Teves: virgintiane Schw. 
*+2807 (441) o “ sambuciatum = Puccinia Sambuci (Schw.) 
eves: Arth. 
2808 (436) “ “ Urticatum Lk. = uncertain; not a rust. 
*+2809 (432) “ — (Restelia) Cylindrites = Gymnosporangium globosum 
Lika Farl. 


B= “ hyalinum (Cooke) Kern. 


— trachysorum Kern. 
6= “ Juniperi-virginiane Schw. 
sfecoo(asuy | Kesieiies Uk Cay te eae 
72901 (430) ss “ Fraxinites Lv.S. = Puccima fraxinata (Link) 
Arth. 
*+29002 — “ Botryapites = Gymnosporangium botryapites 
Lives: (Schw.) Kern. 
Cronartium Quercus (Brond.) 
72003 (456) “ (Peridermium) Pineum Schrot. 
Lk. =) Peridermium intermedium 
Arth. & Kern. 
72904 - oe “germinale L.v.S. = Gymnosporangium germinale 
(Schw.) Kern. 
*2005 (492) Puccinia graminis Lk. = Puccinia poculiformis (Jacq.) 
Wettst. in part. 
*2006 — “  striola Lk. = Uromyces Junci-effusi Syd. 
*2907 (487) “ Arundinarie L.v.S. = Puccinia Arundinarie Schw. 
Puccinia Grossularie 
*29008  - “ punctum Lk. = (Schum.) Lagerh. 
Puccinia angustata Peck. 
*29009 — “ Scirpt Lk. = Puccinia' angustata Peck. 
*29010  — “  Sorghi Lwv.S. = Puccima| Sorghi Schw. 
*201II — “ Andropogi Lwv.S. * = Puccinia Andropogonis Schw. 
*2012  — “ emaculata L.v.S. = Puccinia emaculata Schw. 
*2013. — “ Junc Lv.S. = Uromyces Junci-effusi Syd. 
#2014 — “ Windsorie L.v.S. = Puccinia Windsorie Schw. 
#2015) = “  Zizanieé Lwv.S. = Puccinia Andropogonis Schw. 
2916 — “~ Smilacis L.v.S. = Puccinia Smilacis Schw. 
*2017. — “Polygonorum Lk. = Puccinia Polygoni-amphibti 
Pers. 
#29018 — “ concentrica L.v.S. = Puccinia Polygoni-amphibii 
Pers. 
*2919 (501) “  bullata L.v.S. = Puccinia Vernonie Schw. 
2920 — “ —Pycnanthemi L.v.S. = Puccinia Menthe Pers. 
*292T — “ compositarum Lk. = Puccinia Cirsti Lasch. 
2922 — ““mactlosa [L.v.S. not] = Puccinia maculosa Schw. 
Strauss 
2923 (495) “ Helianthorum L.v.S. = Puccinia Helianthi-mollis 


(Schw.) Arth. & Bisby. 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 


2924 (493) Puccinia Heliopsidis Lv.S. 


2925 (406) 
*2926 - 
*2027 (500) 
*29028  - 
* 20 20 — 
*2030 - 
*2931 - 

2932 - 


2933 (499) 
*2034 - 


2035 - 
2936 - 
2937 (486) 
*20938 (401) 
2939 (4890) 
2940 (497) 
2941 (498) 
2942 - 
2043 - 
*2044 - 
2945 - 


*2946  - 


283 


= Puccinia Heliopsidis Schw. 

= Puccinta Verbesine Schw. 

= Puccinia Vernonie Schw. 

= Puccinia Xanthi Schw. 

= Puccinia Asterts Duby. 

= Puccinia Silphti Schw. 

= Puccinia Asteris Duby. 

= Puccinia Kuhnie Schw. 

= Puccinia gnaphaliata (Schw.) 
Arth. & Bisby. 

= Puccinia punctata Link. 

= Puccinia Pimpinelle (Str.) 
Mart. 

Bullaria [L.v.S. not] Lk. = uncertain; not a rust. 

anemones Lk. = Polythelis fusca (Pers.) Arth. 

solida L.v.S. = Puccinia Anemones-virginiane 

Schw. 

Circee Lk. = Puccinia Circee Pers. 

aculeata L.v.S. = Puccinia Podophylli Schw. 

Lespedezeé procumbentis = Uromyces Lespedez@-procum- 

(cess bentis (Schw.) M. A. Curt. 

violacee Lv.S. =Uromyces Lespedez@e-procum- 
bentis (Schw.) M. A. Curt. 

= Uromyces appendiculatus 
(Pers.) Fries. 


Verbesine Lv.S. 
Vernonie L.v.S. 
Xanthii L.v.S. 
Helenit L.v.S. 
Silphii L.v.S. 
Asteris L.v.S. 
Kuhnie@ Lv.S. 
investita L.v.S. 


Galit L.v.S. 
Myrrhis L.v.S. 


“ae 


Phaseoli trilobi L.wv.S. 


Fabe Lk. = Uromyces Fabe (Pers.) De- 
Bary. 

Hyssopi Lwv.S. = Puccinia verrucosa (Schultz) 
Link, 

Potentille Lw.S. = Frommea obtusa (Strauss) 
Arth. 

Ari triphylli Lv.S. = Uromyces Caladiit (Schw.) 
Farl. 


2947 (503) Phragmidium Hedysari L.v.S. = Uromyces Hedysari-paniculatt 


73084 —- 


3085 
73004 - 


73095 - 


+3006 (504) 


Gymnosporangium Juniperi 


Poditsoma Juntperi Lk. 


a 


(Schw.) Farl. 


Seiridium marginatum [L.v.S. = Earlea speciosa (Fries) Arth. 


not] Lk. 
S(i)milacis L.v.S. = Earlea speciosa (Fries) Arth. 
= Gymnosporangium germinale 
Eki (Schw.) Kern. 
= Gymnosporangium clavarie- 
forme (Jacq.) DC. 
= Gymnosporangium Juniperi- 
virginiane Schw. 


macropus L.v.S. 


284 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Actinomeris 
sp. 2870 
Adopogon 
Dandelion 2867 
virginicus 2922 
Agastache 
nepetoides 2935 
scrophulariefolius 2944 
Agrimonia 
Eupatoria 2835 
parviflora 2835 
Agrostis 
sp. 2880 
Andropogon 
avenaceum 2820 
scoparius 29011, 2915 
virginicus 2015 
sp. 2885 
Anemone 
Hepatica 2878 
quinquefolia 2829, 2936 
virginiana 2037 
Apocynum 
cannabinum 2865 
Arisema 
Dracontium 2861 
triphyllum 2946 
Aronia 
Botryapium 2902 
Arum 
dracontium 2861 
triphyllum 2046 
virginicum 2839, 2860 
Arundinaria 
sp. 2907 
Aspidium 
obtusum 2836 
Aster. 
cordifolius 2930 
paniculatus 2870, 2930 
salicifolius 2928 
sp. 2826 
Azalea 
nudiflora 2838 


Berberis 
canadensis 2881 
vulgaris 2881 


INDEX To Hosts 


Caladium 

sagittifolium 2839 
Campanula 

amplexicaulis 2830 

perfoliata 2830 
Carex 

sp. 2882, 2897, 2905, 2908 
Cherophyllum 

procumbens 2034 

sp. 2841 
Chamecyparis 

thyoides 2894 
Chamesyce 

maculata 2846 

Preslii 2846, 2890 
Chelidonium 

sp. 2851 
Cimicifuga 

racemosa 2876 
Circea 

canadensis 2831, 2938 
Cirsium 

altissimum 2921 
Claytonia 

virginica 2892 » 
Clematis 

virginiana 2874 
Clinopodium 

incanum 2823 
Cnicus 

altissimus 2921 
Convolvulus 

pandurata 2866 
Cracca 

virginiana 1474 
Crategus 

arborescens 28099 B 

Oxyacantha 2899 Y 

punctata 2899 & 

viridis 2899 B 

sp. 2904 
Cynoglossum 

amplexicaule 2808 
Cynthia 

Dandelion 2867 

virginica 2867, 2922 
Cyperus 

sp. 1487 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 285 


Desmodium 
paniculatum 2047 
Diodia 
teres 2840 


Elephantopus 
tomentosus 2825 

Elymus 
sp. 2880 

Erigeron 
annuus 2869 
heterophyllus 2869 

Eupatorium 
ageratoides 2889 
maculatum 2867 
purpureum 2867 
sp. 2844 

Euphorbia 
hypericifolia 2846, 2890 
maculata 2846 
Preslii 2846, 2 


Fraxinus 
Sp. 2901 


Galega 
virginiana 1474 
Galium 
purpureum 2933 
Geranium 
carolinianum 2879 
maculatum 2879 
Gnaphalium 
obtusifolium 2873 
polycephalum 2873, 2932 
Grossularia 
oxyacanthoides 2882 
rotundifolia 2882 
sp. 2862 


Hedysarum 
paniculatum 2947 
Helenium 
autumnale 2928 
Helianthus 
giganteus 2828 
mollis 2871 
trachelifolius 2872 


Helianthus 
tuberosus 29023 
Sp. 2926 
FHeliopsis 
sp. 2924 
Hepatica 
Hepatica 2878 
triloba 2878 
Heuchera 
americana 2843 
villosa 2843 
Hibiscus 
militaris 2877 
Hieracium 
maculatum 2868 
paniculatum 2868 
sp. 2922 
Houstonia 
cerulea 2891 
Hypericum 
frondosum 2883 
prolificum 2883 
sp. 2842 
Hyssopus 
nepetoides 2935 
scrophulariefolius 2944 


Impatiens 
biflora 2880 
maculata 2880 
Ipomea 
pandurana 2824, 2866 
triloba 2824 
Tris 
versicolor 2821 
virginica 2821 


Juncus 
effusus 2906, 2913 
Juniperus 
communis 3005 
Sabina 3095 
virginiana 2899, 3094 
Kellia 
incana 2823 
Krigia 
Dandelion 2867 
virginica 2867, 2922 


PROC. AMER. PHIL. SOC., VOL. LVII, T, July 20, 1918. 


986 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Kuhnia 
eupatorioides 2031 
sp. 2844 


Lespedeza 
hirta 2941 
polystachya 2941 
procumbens 2940 
violacea 2941 
Lobelia 
cardinalis 2848 
Lophanthus 
nepetoides 2935 
Lysimachia 
quadrifolia 2863 
racemosa 2863 
stricta 2863 
terrestris 2863 


Malus 

coronaria 2896 

Malus 2899 5, 2900 
Meibomia 

paniculata 2947 
Miegia 

Sp. 2907 
Muhlenbergia 

sp. 2877 
Muricauda 

Dracontium 2861 
Myrica 

cerifera 2894 
Myrrhis 

Claytoni 2841 

procumbens 2034 


Osmorrhiza 
Claytoni 2841 
sp. 2829, 2851 
Osmunda 
spectabilis 2895 
Oxalis 
sp. 2910 


Panicum 
capillare 2912 
pubescens 2912 


Peltandra 
virginica 2839, 2860 
Pentstemon 
australis 2864 
hirsutus 2804 
Phalaris 
sp. 2857 
Phaseolus 
trilobus 2042 
vulgaris 2845 
sp. 2844 
Phegopteris 
Dryopteris 2836 
Pinus 
inops 2903 
Sp. 2903 
Pisum 
sativum 2845 
Poa 
flava 2014 
pratensis 2818 
quinquedentata 2014 
quinquifida 2914 
seslerioides 2914 
Podophyllum 
peltatum 2888, 2939 
Polygonum 
coccineum 2918 
emersum 2918 
pennsylvanicum 2917 
virginicum 2917, 2918 
Populus 
dilatata 2855 
Potentilla 
canadensis 2834, 2945 
Prenanthes 
sp. 2867, 2922 
Pycnanthemum 
incanum 2920 
Pyrola 
rotundifolia 2893 
uliginosa 2893 
Pyrus 
angustifolia 2896 
coronaria 2896, 2899 6 
communis 2900 
Malus 2899 6, 2900 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 


Ranunculus 
abortivus 2875 
Ribes 
oxyacanthoides 2882 
rotundifolium 2882 
Rosa 
carolina 2832, 3084 
corymbosa 3084 
pauciflora 2832, 3084 
virginiana 3085 
Rubus 
Enslenii 2887 
ideus 2833, 2854 
strigosus 2833, 2887 
villosus 2887 
Rumex 
sp. 2862 


Salix 

nigra 2856 
Sambucus 

canadensis 2897 
Scirpus 

acutus 2819 

cyperinus 2908, 2909 

lacustris 2819 
Siegesbeckia 

sp. 2870, 2925 
Silphium 

terebinthinaceum 2827 

trifoliatum 2929 
Sisyrinchium 

sp. 2891 
Smilacina 

racemosa 2857 
Smilax 

caduca 3085 


rotundifolia 2822, 2859, 2916 


Solidago 
altissima 2826 
rugosa 2826 
sempervirens 2826 
serotina 2826 
sp. 2870 
Sorghastrum 
nutans 2820 
Sorghum 
sp. 2910 


Spartina 
sp. 2901 
Specularia 
perfoliata 2830 
Spermacoce 
diodina 2840 
Strophostyles 
helvola 2942 


Tephrosia 

virginiana 1474 
Teucrium 

virginicum 2837 
Thalictrum 

Cornutt 2849 

polygamum 2849 
Tovara 

virginiana 2917 
Tragopogon 

Dandelion 2867 
Tridens 

flavus 2914 
Triticum 

vulgare 2817, 2905 


Urtica 

sp. 2808 
Uvularia 

perfoliata 2858 


Vagnera 
racemosa 2857 
Verbesina 
occidentalis 2870 
Sp. 2925 
Vernonia 


noveboracensis 2826, 2919 


sp. 2926 

Vicia 

Faba 2847, 2943 

Viola 
cucullata 2884 
hastata 2884 
obliqua 2884 
pedata 2885 
primulefolia 2884 
sagittata 2886 


287 


288 


ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Windsoria (Poa) 


quinquedentata 2914 


Xanthium 


Sp. 2927 


Mays 2910 


Zizania 


sp. 2915 


INDEX TO FUNGI. 


Zzcidium 


apocynatum 2865 
Apocyni 2865 
Aroidatum 2860 
Asperifolii 2808 
asteratum 2870 
Asterum 2870 
Berberidis 2881 
Caladii 2860 
cancellatum 2900 
cimicifugatum 2876 
claytoniatum 2892 
clematitatum 2874 
Clematitis 2874 
convolvulatum 2866 
Crategi oxycanthe 2899 
Dandelionis 2867 
dracontionatum 2861 
erigeronatum 2869 
Euphorbie 2890 
Euphorbie-hypericifolig 2890 
Fraxini 2901 
Geranii-maculati 2879 
gnaphalitatum 2873 
helianthatum 2871 
Helianthi-mollis 2871 
hepaticatum 2878 
hieraciatum 2868 
hibisciatum 2877 
houstoniatum 2891 
hypericatum 2883 
Hyperici-frondosi 2883 
impatientatum 2880 
Impatientis 2880 
Ipomee-pandurane 2866 
luminatum 2887 
Lysimachie 2863 
myricatum 2804 
nitens 2886 
osmundatum 2895 
pedatatum 2885 
Pentastemonis 2864 


Aicidium 


pentstemoniatum 2864 
Pini 2903 
podophyllatum 2888 
Podophylli 2888, 2939 
Prenanthis 2867 
pyratum 2896 
pyrolatum 2893 
quadrifidum 2878 
Ranunculi 2875 
Rumicis 2862 
sagittatum 2886 
Sambuci 2897 
sambuciatum 2897 
smilacinatum 2859 
Smilacis 2859 
Solidaginis 2870 
tenue 2889 
trachelifoliatum 2872 
Uvularie 2858 
uvulariatum 2858 
Verbesine 2870 
Viole 2884 


Albugo 


Ipomee-pandurane 2866 


Ceoma (A2cidium) 


apocynatum 2865 
aroidatum 2860 
asteratum 2870 
berberidatum 2881 
cimicifugatum 2876 
claytoniatum 2892 
clematitatum 2874 


compositarum aPrenanthis 2867 
compositarum B Eupatorie 2867 


convallariatum 2857 
convolvulatum 2866 
dracontionatum 2861 
erigeronatum 2869 
Euphorbie-hypericifolie 2890 
geraniatum 2879 
gnaphaliatum 2873 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 


Ceoma 


grossulariatum 2882 
helianthatum 2871 
hepaticatum 2878 
hibisciatum 2877 
hieraciatum 2868 
houstoniatum 2801 
hypericatum 2883 
Hypericorum 2842 
impatientatum 2880 
luminatum 2887 
lysimachiatum 2863 
myricatum 28094 
osmundatum 2895 
pedatatum 2885 
pentstemoniatum 2864 
podophyllatum 2888 
pyratum 2806 
pyrolatum 2893 
ranunculaceatum 2875 
rubellatum 2862 
sagittatum 2886 
sambuctatum 2897 
smilacinatum 2859 
tenue 2880 
trachelifoliatum 2872 
urticatum 2808 
uvulariatum 2858 
violatum 2884 


Ceoma (Peridermium) 


germinale 2904 
Pineum 2903 


Ceoma (Restelia) 


botryapites 2902 
cylindrites 2899 
B Crategi-arborescentis 2899 
a Crategi-punctate 2899 
5 Mali 28099 
vy Oxyacanthe 2899 
fraxinites 2901 
restelites 2900 


Ceoma (Uredo) 


Andropogi 2820 

Anemonis 2829 

Agrimonie 2835 

apiculosum 2844 

appendiculosum 2845 

Ari-virginici 2839 
salee 2838 


Ceoma (Uredo) 
brunnewm 2850 
Campanularum 2830 
Cherophylli 2841 
Chelodontt 2851 
cylindricum 2855 
Elephantopodis 2825 
epiteum 2856 
Filicum 2836 
gyrosum 2854 
Helianthi 2828 
Heuchere 2843 
Hyperici 2842 
Ipoma@e 2824 
Tridis 2821 
labiatarum 2823 
leguminosarum 2847 
linearis 2818 
Lobelig-cardinalis 2848 
miniata 2832 
onagrarum 2831 
Potentillarum 2434 
punctuosum 2846 
rimosum 2819 
rubigo 2817 
ruborum 2833 
Smilacis 2822 
Solidaginis 2826 
Spermacoces 2840 
Terebinthinacee 2827 
Teucriit 2837 
Thalictri 2849 

Ceratites (Ce@oma) 
botryapites 2902 
fraxinites 2901 

Cercospora 
effusa 2848 
racemosa 2837 
Teucrit 2837 

Chrysomyxa 
Pyrole 2893 

Coleosporium 
Elephantopodis 2825 
Helianthi 2828 
Ipomee 2824 
Solidaginis 2826 
Terebinthinacee@ 2827 
Vernonie 2826 


289 


290 ARTHUR-BISBY—TRANSLATION OF SCHWEINITZ’S 


Cronartium 
Ouercus 2903 


Earlea 


speciosa 2832, 3084, 3085 


Frommea 
obtusa 2945 


Gymnoconia 
interstitialis 2887 

Gymnosporangium 
botryapites 2902 
clavarieforme 3095 
clavipes 2904, 3004 
Ellis 2894 
germinale 2904, 3004 
globosum 28099, 2900 
hyalinum 2899 
Juniperi 3004 


Juniperi-virginiane 2896, 


2900, 3096 
myricatum 2894 
trachysorum 2899 


Hyalopsora 
Aspidiotus 2836 


Kuehneola 
obtusa 2834 
Uredinis 2833 

Kunkelia 
nitens 2887 


Melampsora 
Bigelowti 2856 
Meduse 2855 

Melampsoropsis 
Pyrole 2893 

Mycosyrinx 
Osmunde 2895 


Peridermium 
cerebrum 2903 
germinale 2904 
intermedium 2903 

Phragmidium 
albidum 2833 
Hedysart 2047 


Phragmidium 


imitans 2854 


Potentille-canadensis 2834, 2945 


speciosum 2832, 3084 


Podisoma 


Junipert 3005 
macropus 3096 


Polythelis 


Thalictri 2849 


Puccinia 


aculeata 2939 
Agropyri 2874 
Andropogi 2011 


Andropogonts 2864, 2911, 2915 


Anemones 2936 
Anemones-virginiane 2937 
angustata 2909 
Ari-triphylli 2946 
Arundinari@ 2907 
Asteris 2928, 2930- 
Avicularie BB Fabe 2847 
Bolleyana 2897 

bullaria 2935 

bullata 2919, 2926 
canaliculata 1487 
Caricis-Asteris 2870 
Caricis-Erigerontis 2869 
Caricis-Solidaginis 2870 
Circeeé 2831, 2938 

Cirsti 2921 

claytoniata 2892 
compositarum 20921 
concentrica 2918 
Eatonie 2875 
Eleocharidis 2867 
emaculata 2912 

epiphylla 2818 
extensicola 2869, 2870 
Fabe 2943 

fraxinata 2901 

Galit 2933 

gnaphaliata 2873, 2932 
graminis 2817, 2881, 2905 
Grossulari@ 2882 
Hedysari-paniculati 2947 
Helenit 2928 

Helianthi 2871, 2023 


Helianthi-mollis 2871, 2872 


PAPERS GIVING RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA, 


Puccinia 


Helianthorum 20923 
FHeliopsidis 2924 

hibisciata 2877 

Heuchere 2844 

Hyssopt 2044 

Impatientis 2880 

investita 2873, 2932 

Tridis 2821 

Junct 2913 

Krigie 2867 

Kuhnie 2931 
Lespedeze-polystachye 2941 
Lespedeze@-procumbentis 2940 
Lespedeze-violacee 2941 
limose 2863 

lysimachiata 2863 

maculosa 2867, 2922 
Majanthe 2857 

Menthe 2823, 2920 
Muhlenbergie 2877 

Myrrhis 2934 

Osmorrhize 2829, 2841, 2851 
patruclis 2868 

perminuta 2880 
Phaseoli-trilobi 2942 
Pimpinelle 2829, 2841, 2851, 2934 
Poarum 2818 : 
poculiformis 2817, 2881, 2905 
Podophylli 2888, 2939 
Polygoni-amphibti 2879,2917,2918 
Polygoni-pensilvanict 2917 
Polygonorum 2917 
Potentille 2945 
Pruni-spinos@ 2878 
punctata 2933 

punctum 2908 

Pycnanthemt 2920 

Sambuci 2897 

Scirpi 2909 

Silphti 2929 

Smilacis 2822, 2859, 2916 
solida 2937 

Sorghi 2910 

Spermacoces 2840 

striola 2906 

tenuis 2880 

Thalictri 2849 

Verbesine 2870, 2925 


Puccinia 
Vernonie 2919, 2926 
verrucosa 2044 
Viole 2884 
virgata 2820 
Windsorie 2914 
Xanthit 2927 
Zizam@ 2915 

Pucciniastrum 
Ayrimonie 2835 
Circe@ 2831 
minimum 2838 
Myrtilli 2838 

Ravenelia 
eptphylla 1474 


Seiridium 
marginatum 3084 
Smilacis 3085 

Spheria 
canaliculata 1487 
epiphylla 1474 


Tranzschelia 
punctata 2878 


Uredo 
Alchemille B 2834 
appendiculosa 2845 
Caladti 2839 
Campanule 2830 
Circee 2831 
Clinopodti 2823 
Elephantopodis 2825 
Euphorbie 2846 
flosculosorum 2844 
Heuchere 2843 
Tpomee 2824 
linearis 2818 
minima 2838 
Ros@ 2835 
scutellata 2846 
Smilacis 2822 
Solidaginis 2826 
Terebinthinacee 2827 
Vicie 2847 


Uromyces 
Andropogonis 2885 


291 


292 ARTHUR-BISBY—RUSTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 


Uromyces 
appendiculatus 2845, 2042 
Caladiit 2839, 2860, 2861, 2946 
Fabe 2847, 2943 
Hedysari-paniculati 2947 
houstoniatus 2891 
Hyperici-frondosi 2842, 2883 
Junci-effusi 2906, 2913 


PuRDUE UNIVERSITY, 
LAFAYETTE, INDIANA. 


Uromyces 
Lespedeze-procumbentis 2940, 
2041 
pedatatus 2884, 2885, 2886 
proéminens 2846, 2890 
Spermacoces 2840 


Ustilago 
Osmunde 2895 


. York Botanical Garden 
QK627 918 


Ti 


The 
’ 


1 
5 00041 5255 


eee 


weetaa a 


SoS R SS 


Se 


died tah 
it 
Hai 


fi 
ti 
t 
i 


retest 


~SOSSS Ie 


so 
sri teresates 


aPreeas 


Bisse 


SIGS 


; my) net 
i if Stith yt HH 
Una TE Rat 

oF Nt ee 

Hi WDA ry mith i 

HN Hi ih ut i 

; ie ae Se Mi Ny 
nie ) } 


Nau Aacaaainn al aiatte 
CoG 

Fai 

vy 


tht 
fee 
{ Bi 
ay 
iv sn 
aaa 


ee 
Ss 


SS ee 


HAR 
vrai 


Arty bt 
x Hehe 
RH ARA Ae Uy 
i ti 


Sees 


4) , h ih, i 
} u h 4 Ua Ouse RAS 

Kei RPA ERR ROA ERLRRN HT NES RD { Ha 
Mii Dasani Haha ate Hiatt Lia Hn HAN 
tt Haig fi nb } RHR 
iit) r ( 
i 


it 
i Ki} 


i mit 
sa 


a 


int sy 


i 
ih} 
i 
A nd 


Se 


by) 


arr 
=S oy 
2 : 
ene een = = 
Se 
7 a Fa a 
SS 


Vat pps 
AOA at 
) 

ee i 
Heer 
AROS 
eB) 
CA aay 
DE BIS 


HMR 
i a Ha Hy 
: 


unt i 


“= 


Se 
= 


a 


a ae 
Seen Tees a ; 


I ee 


ip 


bnihk i SHS 
aay ! 
Cit ti 
SION MHIUN 
hn Tha 


ny ANS wy if ft 
MAR 


Sea 


per SS 
See ee eet 


uf att a agi 
a { Hits i 
Ha A 
a i i h ay 
iaeei 3 ey 


var i= 


§ 2bticsta laces Belsie 
nat 
eens = 
Pee OPTI 
ce 
ere : eae 
ees care SS re eee 
can 2 a ae Roane 
ras 5 ra 
25 Te 
aoe oe 
eee ans setae 
Bese Saye 


LT 
=F 


ce. ae 
See 


A tit 
eal 
a 


a 


eres 


aa 


ie 

iy ae ip) ih) ligt 
Ahly i ' } 

ae ota 
4) iH : ‘ ¥ a NBR i Ni} 

+ i A i i Yl { iy ; Rit Baa) ‘ ‘ i q 
SHOR ARNE RHR hb Hattie iis es 
aie » ait i i Banna HK) ij ‘i 


: 
sh 
‘uh ah i ; 


aes 
aS 
SSeS 


ae = 
oe Te < 
Se = 


ered 
Pee 


isi) 


aaa 


ee 
Se 


ah 


i 


ath 

ty 

ray 

Bia 
4 


a Neie 
ne 
NAME 
‘ i) ‘ 


<r 


ot 
Ser 


es 


q 


ass