|| PUBLIC DOCUMENT... . oe No 8E - FORTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, | JANUARY, 1906. BOSTON : WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS, 18 Post Orrice SQUARE. 1906. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY Book Volume My 08-15M SA Me at 4 PR NAY . ey, vay NAA AI Sod i AA OS \V A NV ) X \WY ALIS NW Abit \ MW \ ~ 7 SS RNY, IK \\ WZ BRIRVIQVILY Mae ae y RV AQUT I DNORONGME pte oe OO 5 - So DSO STE NE JILIN IIS So . 2 = ZESV NIV TIVITY “? y ‘ oo - te ; th — a Al Me Ay , 4 1? ry | ae ci ap. ae) a4 A RA) oe i iS tern yw Are . ’ og : ae > Ae ki ne de tothe eA aa “1. 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JANWARY., 1906. , | BOSTON : WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS, 18 Post OFFICE SQUARE. 1906. F APPROVED BY THE STATE BOARD OF PUBLICATION. fi ‘ \ — mt ) = OF THE. UNIVERSITY ‘ur ILUNOIS. de i ' ; Li oy @ 2 ~ I ‘ ato 2 i i =e . 5 r. ne , A = a - - 5 oe me (S061 ‘Y3GW3090) IIVH YSCTIM Commontoealth of Massachusetts. MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, AMHERST, Jan. 2, 1906. To His Excellency W1LL1AmM L. DouGLaAs. Str:—HI have the honor to transmit herewith, to Your Excellency and the Honorable Council, the forty-third annual report of the trustees of the Massachusetts Agricultural Col- lege. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. P. BROOKS, Acting President. 114724 7° i = — a= es Oa BIN: TS:. PAGE Calendar, . ; f : : : q : - ‘ : , ‘ ; 7 Report of trustees, . ‘ , : ; ; ‘ 5 2 ‘ : ; 9 Catalogue of officers and students, . : . ; : : * 4 : 27 Graduate courses, . ; : : : : ; : : : : ; 41 Four-years courses, . P * F E : : : ‘ : é P 45 Admission, . ‘ P 5 ‘ : ; : : ; : F ‘ 45 Entrance examinations, . , ? P F ; ; ; : : 47 Synopsis of courses, . ‘ : 4 ; 2 : : : - : 50 Short courses, . ; : : : : ; ‘ f , : F e 69 Equipment, ; 2 - : : : ; : : : : ; 5 70 Expenses, . ; < ‘ . ; : : ; . ‘ : ‘ ; 78 Scholarships, . ; : ; : ; : : : : ; ; : 79 Labor funds, : : ‘ ‘ : ; ; F F , ’ 81 Prizes, : : : ‘ : ‘ ‘ : ‘ , P i ; : 81 Reports, . : : . 5 ; ; : ; , : : ‘ : 85 Treasurer, . 3 ; , é ‘ : ‘ 3 : : ; ‘ 87 Gifts, . , : : ‘ P é , ; : ' F , : 94 Farm, . A é F ; : i ; : ; ; F 97 Military appartment, F ‘ ‘ ; ; : ‘ ; : ! 101 To Secretary of Agriculture, . : ig ; 2 ; « : : 108 Annual Report of Hatch Experiment Station, . : : : ; ; 111 Director, . : ; : : : : ; ‘ ; ; * ; 114 Treasurer, ; ; p : ‘ ; : ‘ P : Meteorologist, . . ; F , eG . ; sa re apene 73 Agriculturists, . é ; ‘ ; é ‘ ; 5 A : : 124 Horticulturist, . . : , ' : ; ; , : : ‘ 156 Chemist (fertilizers) , . ‘ ; : ‘ ; f : , 159 Chemist ie ; ‘ , : ‘ : ; ; ; ‘ : 174 Botanist, . ‘ , : é : : ; , ; : : 224 Entomologists, . ‘ : : A ‘ ; : : F 258 4 Appendix, compilation of As ; . ; : : ; ; 263 ’ E ‘' ai ; ries Te rw , z te # 7 nay Us 2 os 4 aT os ‘ 5 i ie me er - Poa ‘a é vw! re 4) ; °F ie f i ee ae ee reer ee c a me "ae & " - : ia Wa ) he ms ie my; i = ! a ; % é a a Joe Nie = : Pe 4 r i. a 4 an ea im 7 ] 4 > J i \ ae ; i” ; | ‘b (; \\ Dae CALENDAR FOR 1906-1907. Jan. 3, 1906, Wednesday, fall semester resumed, at 8 A.M. February 7, Wednesday, fall semester ends. February 8, Thursday, spring semester begins, at 8 A.M. March 28, Wednesday, to ; spring recess. April 3, Tuesday, April 3, Tuesday, spring semester resumed, at 8 A.M. June 16, Saturday, Grinnell prize examination of the senior class in agriculture. June 17, Sunday, Baccalaureate sermon. June 18, Monday, ; Burnham prize speaking. Flint prize oratorical contest. Class-day exercises. June 19, Tuesday, Meeting of the alumni. Reception by the president and trustees. June 20, Wednesday, commencement exercises. June 21, 22, Thursday and Friday, examinations for admission, at 9 A.M., Botanic Museum, Amherst; at Jacob Sleeper Hall, Boston Univer- sity, 12 Somerset Street, Boston ; at Pittsfield; and at Horticultural Hall, Worcester. September 18, 19, Tuesday and Wednesday, examinations for admission, at 9 A.M., Botanic Museum. September 20, Thursday, fall semester begins, at 8 A.M. December 19, Wednesday, to ites recess. Jan. 2, 1907, Wednesday, January 2, Wednesday, fail semester resumed, at 8 A.M. February 6, Wednesday, fall semester ends. February 7, Thursday, spring semester begins, at 8 a.m. March 27, Wednesday, to ; spring recess. April 3, Wednesday, April 3, Wednesday, spring semester resumed, at 8 A.M. June 19, Wednesday, commencement exercises. i } Pee : $A. ee e. Lyi vy nae ee 4 PY a tm. hitb 2 : nA y me “ m zt) 1 : g Pia as ‘ iis | eee ay re ; pearl bia bas Dnvbh i hs § hit Diba ML AUT CLLR Pe SheTey rs > ,. i < ‘ 4 ~ € A ‘= a, a ott 4 y 4 i> “F) ery ate 2 i J » | < ‘Yi / Pk MEN | eer aie * . : ‘ A y ‘ vr om ae ty v bw ¢ i e ow yi 2 ‘ A J , i] 4% hy ha A. Ont ere Ay : > ‘ ra) yen ih > “Fh yeti erg) oebl fel breapiay ied 7 ay % ae a 4} ii ‘ a Ae tt 0% i? : vi a AN iy) # ie i ~~ SI ETA) ‘ my e PU, 4 i ¥e 7 ‘ts Vis fy ¢ cP Wh: halter a 4 iat vik ee: 4 Mart 7 ei | 2 tes Paes vu : er P jf 3 2 ‘ v . i) 7? 1 ' 4 *f j % 4 aS af ie rei? a " ' - Sager ii : a a7 ity a . { ve . r" c my ry 1 peel i) ule an IS, a | os ’ W oad Was oe ¢ +e 4 ~ + vi 4% ft " ea . Va: U ve ar SL : a y 4 : hit: ANNUAL REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES” °. ¥'».: OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, His Excellency the Governor and the Honorable Council. In beginning the preparation of the annual report, the mind irresistibly recalls the one who prepared the last. Even then suffering intensely, that dauntless soul, with courage and de- termination which were the surprise and admiration of all, with devotion to duty so absolute that self seemed to be en- tirely forgotten, still guided and impelled until the immediate, and therefore to him imperative, task was done. Then, and only then, could he be brought to relinquish the helm, to seek rest and hoped-for restoration to health. Again, as we write, comes vividly to mind that April morning when the telegraph and the telephone brought the sad news of his death. By that death on April 23, 1905, was brought to an end a period of almost thirty-eight years of most devoted service to this col- lege. Henry Hill Goodell, at that time twenty-eight years of age, and with an honorable and enviable record as college student, soldier and teacher, entered the service of the Massachusetts Agricultural College with its first class in the fall of 1867. Originally engaged as professor of modern languages and English literature, Mr. Goodell, during the formative period of the college, when its resources were small, and again when in the late seventies and early eighties the institution passed through its darkest days and its need was great, seems to have stepped into every breach where service was called for;. and he filled at different times the position of instructor in such varied branches as gymnastics, military tactics, entomology, zoology, anatomy and physiology, rhetoric, elocution and his- 10 Se ee COLLEGE. [Jan. . dory. * “The gat striking tribute to the qualities of the man “DBS gh’ educator is. found in the fact that in all this wide range ‘of subjects: he cwas‘an able, inspiring and most highly suc- ‘cessful ‘teacher, + As a teacher I believe he will be longest “fe remembered. ! “Who that has sat under him as a pupil can évei® forget ae energy, his enthusiasm for his subject, his absolute mastery of the matter in hand, his hearty and ap- preciative recognition of good work, — nay, even of faithful effort unaccompanied with marked success, his quick percep- tion of anything which even suggested an attempt to deceive, and the consequent instantly flashing scorn? The pupil under Mr. Goodell felt that he must do good work, and be- came imbued with a most earnest desire to win a word of appreciation from the teacher whom he so ardently admired. Who shall attempt to define the limits of the influence of such a teacher ? In connection with all his teaching and administrative duties, this professor and president found time for the duties of secretary of the faculty from 1882 to 1886, and served as librarian from 1885 to 1899. In a very real sense he was the creator of the library, which numbered but a few hundred vol- umes when he began his work, and had grown into one of the most complete of its class at the time of his death, when it numbered rather over 26,000 volumes. On the death of President Paul A. Chadbourne, in 1883, Professor Goodell was made acting president, and served from February to September of that year. In 1886 he was elected president, and in 1888 director of the Hatch Experi- ment Station. President Goodell brought to the discharge of the duties of president and director executive abilities of a high order; and, as was to be expected of a man of his ability, singleness of purpose, energy and devotion to duty, his work was attended with distinguished success. During the years of his presidency of the college, 1886 to 1905, the faculty of the institution was doubled, the students in at- tendance increased in about the same proportion, and the appropriations for the support of the college, both by State and national governments, were more than doubled. Indeed, in 1886 the State made no fixed annual appropriation for 1906.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 11 the support of the college; at the time of President Goodell’s death such appropriations totalled $40,000 annually. President Goodell early took a leading position in the Asso- ciation of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, in the organization of which he was one of the most influential. For many years he was the chairman of its executive committee, in which position, as always wherever placed, he won in remarkable degree the admiration, love and respect of his associates. During the formative period of this association he played a most important part in shap- ing its organization and its policy, and in influencing national legislation. During these years the Hatch act and the sec- ond Morrill act were passed. The first established and pro- vided for the support of one agricultural experiment station in each State and Territory in the Union, and the second appropriated to each agriculturalsand mechanical college the sum of $25,000 annually. These acts have had the most far-reaching consequences for good. In pressing them upon - the attention of congress and securing their consideration there, President Goodell, by his tact, energy and enthusiasm, was able to exercise great influence. Any reference to the life of Professor and President Goodell, — “‘ Prof. Henry ” and “ Prexy,” as the boys liked to call him, — which should fail to call attention to his per- sonal character and influence, would be incomplete and in- adequate. The students felt always that in him they had a friend and sympathizer and a safe and wise counsellor; and the beauty of his life, reflected it may be indeed but faintly, will live in the lives and characters of his students. Another of the very early instructors at the college has died during the year. Maj. Henry E. Alvord, who served his country in the volunteer forces engaged in the civil war with distinction, was the first military instructor in the Mas- sachusetts Agricultural College. Coming to the college in that capacity in 1869, Major Alvord organized the military department and brought it to a high state of efficiency, re- linquishing the position when he resigned from the army in 1871, after two years of service. It was at about this time that Major Alvord, apparently 12 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ Jan. from pure love of the subject, took up the study of dairying, in which within a few years he became a recognized authority. He was later for some years at the head of the experimental farm belonging to the late Lawson W. Valentine of New York. On the retirement of Dr. Manley Miles from the chair of agriculture, in 1886, Major Alvord was elected to succeed him, but, receiving an offer of the directorship of the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station, he resigned to accept that position early in 1888. It will be remembered that Major Alvord a few years later became chief of the Dairy Bureau of the United States Department of Agri- culture, which position he filled with marked success until his death. It is a pleasure here to record the fact that Major Alvord always retained his interest in and love for the Mas- sachusetts Agricultural College, as shown by the fact, else- where recorded in this report, that he made it a beneficiary under his will. CoursEs OF STUDY. During the past year there has been but one change in the courses of study offered by the college, — the two-years course in horticulture for women has been withdrawn. The prin- cipal reasons for its withdrawal are the facts: First, that it does not seem to be in demand; during the four years that it has been offered, it has been taken by only two students. Second, it is well-nigh impossible for the eollege, with its present resources, to carry on the course. Third, it has not been found satisfactory by those students who have taken it. The time devoted to it is evidently too short for a thorough course, which alone is likely to satisfy. This change in no way affects the attitude of the college towards co-education. Women will still be welcomed for all regular courses, and a course in horticulture for women will be given whenever Simmons College, with which we have an agreement in re- lation thereto, is ready to send up a class. A minor change in the conditions under which graduate study for the degree of Master of Science may be carried on should be noted. Graduates of our own college or of other approved institutions employed in the college or experiment station may in connection with the work for which they are 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 13 employed pursue graduate studies for the degree, and any work done in discharging the regular duties of the position held which has a recognized value in fitting the man for the degree may be counted as a part of the work for the degree. CHANGES IN FACULTY. The past year has brought a number of changes in the teaching staff of the college. The illness of President Goodell during the early part of the year and his subsequent death made it necessary to provide for teaching history to the fresh- man class, which President Goodell himself had always done. This work was taken for the balance of the year by Maj. John Anderson. The resignation of Major Anderson taking effect the first of September, the college was fortunate in completing arrangements with Professor Gallinger, associate professor of history in Amherst College, for taking charge of the work during the present college year. Professor Gal- linger is a graduate of Amherst College, and received a doc- tor’s degree in Germany for post-graduate work in history. He is notably successful in his work as a teacher. The resignation of Maj. John Anderson, who had accept- ably filled the chair of professor of military science and tactics for five and a half years, to take effect the first of September, was received in June. This early notice gave ample opportunity to look up the qualifications of candidates for the position, and the place has been acceptably filled by the detail of Capt. George C. Martin, Eighteenth Infantry, who reported for duty early in September. Dr. Charles 8. Walker, who, in addition to serving as col- lege chaplain, has for nineteen years filled the chair of politi- cal science, has been granted a year’s leave of absence, dating from July 1 last. His work in the department of political science has been taken by George N. Holcomb, A.B., a grad- uate of Trinity College, who has had the advantage of two years’ post-graduate work in American constitutional and political history and in economic and industrial history in the University of Pennsylvania and in Harvard University. Mr. Holcomb has also had successful experience as a teacher. Mr. Henry J. Franklin, who during the past year served 14 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ Jan. as instructor in botany, resigned the first of July to continue post-graduate studies. His place was filled by the appoint- ment of A. Vincent Osmun, M.S. Mr. Osmun is a graduate of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, from which insti- tution in June last he also took the Master’s degree. The unexpectedly large size of the freshman class rendered it im- possible for Mr. Osmun to do all the work required, and he is now assisted by Mr. Franklin, who gives up a part of the time which he proposed to devote to his graduate work. The introduction of laboratory work in the department of agriculture rendered the employment of additional assistance necessary; and Sidney B. Haskell, a graduate of the college in 1904, has been appointed instructor in agriculture. The resignation of William E. Tottingham, instructor in chem- istry, to accept a better position elsewhere, made necessary the appointment of an instructor in chemistry; and Charles G. Barnum, A.B., a graduate of Middlebury College, Vt., has been appointed. George O. Greene, who for two years had served as in- structor in horticulture, resigned during the summer vaca- tion to accept a position in Kansas, and his place has been filled by the appointment of Maurice A. Blake, a graduate of the college in the class of 1904, who during his first year out of college served acceptably as an instructor in the Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Tur YAR. On the night of November 16 the large college barn and the dairy school wing attached thereto, with the greater part of the contents, were destroyed by fire, which seems without doubt to have been incendiary in its origin. The fire was not discovered until it had made great headway, and in spite of the courageous, cool and level-headed work of the farm superintendent and a large number of students, there was some loss of live stock. Seventy of the most valuable cows were saved, but a number of young cattle, two or three valu- able cows which were in box stalls, and the bulls, were lost. The sheep, with the exception of the buck at the head of the flock, were saved; but the swine, kept in the basement, 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT—No. 31. 15 with the exception of two or three animals, were destroyed. Fortunately the greater part of the breeding swine was in outlying buildings, which were not endangered by the fire. The barn contained a very large quantity of hay, roots, beets, celery and a great deal of farm machinery; no part of these could be saved. The dairy wing of the building was the last to burn, and a few of the valuable machines which it contained were safely taken out. As the stock of forage depended upon to feed the cattle, with the exception of the silage, was destroyed by fire, it was deemed best to sell most of the animals. These were disposed of at public auction, and brought good prices. Sixteen of the best cows were saved, and these are temporarily accom- modated in one of the barns of the Hatch Experiment Sta- ‘tion. The sheep which were retained are also temporarily accommodated in one of the buildings of the experiment station. The year just passed, in spite of the great losses which have been referred to, must be characterized as one of prosperity and growth. The college has admitted to its present fresh- man class the largest number ever enrolled in an entering class, — 86. The sophomore class, now numbering 61 men, is also, it is believed, the largest sophomore class in our his- tory. The total enrollment in the regular four-year courses at the present time is 213 men, and we have 8 post-graduate students. We have, therefore, a larger number of men in college at the present time taking regular and post-graduate courses than ever before in its history. The short course in dairy farming offered last winter was successful. Forty-one men were admitted to the class, and about one-half as many more were refused admission, as it was impossible to suitably provide for practical work for a larger number. The short course in bee farming which has been offered for the past two years did not fill; but the work was offered to members of the senior class, and was taken by 9 of these men, which is about as large a number as under present arrangements can be provided for. It is believed that the policy of offering this work to the members of the senior class should be continued. 16 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ Jan. PRIZES. A number of new prizes have been offered during the past year. The Western Alumni Association at their last annual ban- quet in February voted to offer for three years an annual prize of $25, to be awarded at the end of each college year to that member of the sophomore class who during his two years in college has shown greatest improvement in scholar- ship, character and example. This prize was awarded for the first time in June last. The offer of this prize is pecul- iarly welcome, not by any means solely because of its prob- able direct influence upon the men in college during their first two years here, though this is important, but rather be- cause such an offer from a body of alumni makes evident to our students in a practical way the fact that men who have been here as students and who have gone out in the world are still interested in their Alma Mater; that they think of it with interest, and are willing to make sacrifices for its welfare. Such an offer, therefore, is likely to add enor- mously to the esprit de corps and enthusiasm of the whole student body. The Bay State Agricultural Society at its last annual meeting voted to offer for one year a prize in forestry, to be known.as the J. D. W. French prize, in honor of the late J. D. W. French, a former trustee of the college, and one of the very foremost in New England to work in the cause of improved forestry management. The amount of this prize is $25, and it is to be awarded to that Member of the senior class submitting the best essay on forestry. An anonymous friend offers two prizes of $15 and $10, open to competition by members of the senior and junior classes. The basis of the award is to be an essay on the management of a farm wood lot. Another gift to the college which should be mentioned in this connection is the bequest of the late Maj. H. E. Alvord, whose services to the college have been elsewhere referred to. Major Alvord’s will left to the college the greater part of his books, pamphlets, periodicals and museum material, the 1906.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 17 whole constituting an exceedingly valuable collection. Major Alvord’s will also bequeathed to the college the sum of $5,000 (to become available upon the death of Mrs. Alvord), to con- stitute a fund to promote advanced study of problems con- nected with dairying. Enpowep Lasor Funp. In this connection attention is called to the fact, not here- tofore publicly announced, that a generous friend of the college some five years since placed at its disposal as a fund for the assistance of needy and deserving students the sum of $5,000. This friend modestly desires that his name shall not be published. The sum of money thus donated has been invested, and the income will be used to pay for the labor of deserving students needing the opportunity for self- help. 3 The improvements provided for by the last Legislature have all of them been entirely completed or well advanced toward completion. The addition to the entomological lab- oratory and the construction of a new plant house for the entomological department have been completed within the appropriation, and both are eminently satisfactory. The cen- tral heating system has been extended in accordance with plans to the new horticultural building, to the botanic mu- seum and to the east experiment station building. The work has been very thoroughly done under the direct charge of the college engineer within the appropriation, and it is believed the new lines will prove more thoroughly insulated and more satisfactory in every way than any portion of the lines pre- viously put in. The large barn and the dairy school wing, recently destroyed by fire, and the horse stable, had been put into thorough repair and well painted, at an expense leaving a balance of about $92 of the appropriation made for these purposes. The new horticultural building is completed with the exception of the finish. A view of the building, which by vote of the trustees will be called Wilder Hall in honor of the late Marshall P. Wilder, as it stood December 1 constitutes the frontispiece in this report, and a description of it, with floor plans furnished by Professor Waugh, follows: — ) = “VWVLCE oe CONSERVATORY~ § © —— 7 Se 18 AGRICULTURAL. COLLEGE. [ Jan. HORTICULTURAL BUILDING. The General Court of 1905 appropriated the sum of $39,950 “to build, furnish and equip” a building for the department of horticulture and landscape gardening at the Massachusetts Agri- cultural College. This building is now nearly completed, and R0-o KRY -0" >... , SSS Sa SSS ST —_— — Ao" K RGLo -LABORATORY- ff cL ESASE -CORRIDOR- a -E7TIRASIGE -BookShe/ves aa ~“Dieaet Or Eloi LOR OPT i | Saas | Bee | Jin ' | LD )4- ee | _ ear | BR a O Re Other, . : : : : 8) Government Officials, . : : : : 2 129 Farmers, . : : : ; 5 3 ; 60 34.0 Wage earners, . : P : : . : : 38 21.3 Retired, : : 4 : ; , i ; - 4 2.3, 176 Unheard from, . é ‘ : ‘ é d : 5 These figures disclose the fact that only about one-third of our students come from the farm. In this connection it is of interest to note the studies elected by the students during junior and senior years. There are in college at the present time 54 men in the two upper classes; of these, 38 have elected either agriculture, horticul- ture or landscape gardening. It will thus be seen that, with only one-third of our students coming from the farm, we have practically two-thirds of those in junior and senior years elect- ing agriculture. An investigation recently made shows that 25 per cent. of the men graduated from the college in the last ten years are actually on the farm; about 35 per cent. more are engaged in occupations directly connected with agricul- ture, such, for example, as teaching in agricultural colleges and schools, agricultural chemistry, economic entomology and experiment station investigation. These facts are a sufficient answer to the criticism some- times heard, that the agricultural college turns students from the farm. Respectfully submitted, by order of the trustees, WM. P. BROOKS, Acting President. AMHERST, Jan. 2, 1906, 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. THH CORPORATION. J. HOWHK DEMOND of NortHampton, ELMER D. HOWE of MariporoueH, . ; NATHANIEL I. BOWDITCH of ieee rer WILLIAM WHEELER of Concorp, ARTHUR G. POLLARD of Lowett, . CHARLES A. GLEASON of New BraIntREE, JAMES DRAPER of WorcsksTER, SAMUEL C. DAMON of Lancaster, MERRITT I. WHEELER of Great i ea CHARLES H. PRESTON of DANvErs, CARROLL D. WRIGHT of WorcerstEr, M. FAYETTE DICKINSON of Boston, WILLIAM H. BOWKER of Boston, GEORGE H. ELLIS of Boston, . Members ex Officio. 27 TERM EXPIRES 1907 1907 1908 1908 1909 1909 1910 1910 TOU 19at bOL2 1912 1913 1913 His EXcELLENCY GovEerNoR WILLIAM lL. DOUGLAS, President of the Corporation. WILLIAM P. BROOKS, Acting President of the College. GEORGE H. MARTIN, Secretary of the Board of Education. J. LEWIS ELLSWORTH, Secretary of Board of Agriculture. CHARLES A. GLEASON of NEw BRAINTREE, Vice-President of the Corporation. J. LEWIS ELLSWORTH of Worcerster, Secretary. GEORGE F. MILLS of Amuerst, Treasurer. CHARLES A. GLEASON of New Brarntrexz, Auditor. 28 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [Jan. Committee on Finance. GEORGE H. ELLIS, J. HOWE DEMOND, ARTHUR G. POLLARD, CHARLES H. PRESTON, CHARLES A. GLEASON, Chairman. Committee on Course of Study and Faculty. WILLIAM H. BOWKER, ELMER D. HOWE, M. FAYETTE DICKINSON, CARROLL D. WRIGHT, WILLIAM WHEELER, Chairman. Committee on Farm and Horticulture. Farm Division. GEORGE H. ELLIS, CHARLES A. GLEASON, MERRITT I. WHEELER, N. I. BOWDITCH, Chairman. Horticultural Dwision. JAMES DRAPER, ELMER D. HOWE, J. LEWIS ELLSWORTH, Chairman. Committee on Experiment Department. J. LEWIS ELLSWORTH, JAMES DRAPER, WILLIAM H. BOWKER, SAMUEL C. DAMON, CHARLES H. PRESTON, Chairman. Committee on Buildings and Arrangement of Grounds. WILLIAM WHEELER, WM. H. BOWKER, M. FAYETTE DICKINSON, N. I. BOWDITCH, JAMES DRAPER, Chairman. Examining Committee of Overseers. JOHN BURSLEY en . of Wrest BARNSTABLE. W. C. JEWETT, ‘ ; . of WORCESTER. CHARLES H. SHAYLOR, ; . of LER. ISAAC DAMON, ; ; ; . of WAYLAND. A. H. NYE, , ; ; F . of BLANDFORD. 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 29 The Faculty. HENRY H. GOODELL,’ LL.D., President. WILLIAM P. BROOKS, Pu.D., Acting President, Professor of Agriculture. CHARLES A. GOESSMANN, Pu.D., LL.D., Professor of Chemistry. CHARLES WELLINGTON, Pu.D., Associate Professor of Chemistry. CHARLES H. FERNALD, Pu.D., Professor of Zoology. Rev. CHARLES 8S. WALKER,” Pu.D., Professor of Mental and Political Sctence. GEORGE F. MILIS, M.A., Professor of English and Latin. JAMES B. PAIGE, D.V5S., Professor of Veterinary Science. GEORGE E. STONE, Pu.D., Professor of Botany. JOHN E. OSTRANDER, M.A., C.E., Professor of Mathematics and Civil Engineering. HENRY T. FERNALD, Px.D., Professor of Entomology. FRANK A. WAUGH, M.S., Professor of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening. GEORGE C. MARTIN, Captain, Eighteenth U. 8S. I. N. F., Professor of Military Science and Tactics. RICHARD 8. LULL, Pu.D., Associate Professor of Zoélogy. 1 Died April 23, 1905. 2 On leave of absence. 30 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ Jan. PHILIP B. HASBROUCK, B.S., Associate Professor of Mathematics. Adjunct Professor of Physics. HERMAN BABSON, M.A., Assistant Professor of English and Instructor in Germar, FRED 8. COOLEY, B.Sc., Assistant Professor of Agriculture. (Animal Husbandry and Dairying.) SAMUEL F. HOWARD, B.Sc., Assistant Professor of Chemistry. ROBERT W. LYMAN, LL.B., Lecturer on Farm Law. ALFRED AKERMAN, M.F., Lecturer on Forestry. LOUIS R. HERRICK, B.Sc., Instructor in French and Spanish. FRANCIS CANNING, Instructor in Floriculture. HERBERT P. GALLINGER, Pu.D., Associate Professor of History in Amherst College, Instructor in History. GEORGE N. HOLCOMB, A.B., Instructor in Political Science. A. VINCENT OSMUN, M.So., Instructor in Botany. SIDNEY B. HASKELL, B.Sc., Instructor in Agriculture. CHARLES G. BARNUM, A.B., Instructor in Chemistry. 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 31 MAURICE A. BLAKE, B.Sc., Instructor in Horticulture. HENRY J. FRANKLIN, B.Sc., Instructor in Botany. NATHAN J. HUNTING, B.Sc., Instructor in Dairying. FREDERICK R. CHURCH, BE.Sc., Instructor in Babcock Test. CHARLES W. FRYHOFER, Instructor in Butter Making. WALTER B. HATCH, B.Sc., Instructor in Drawing. EK. FRANCES HALL, Inbrarian. PHILIP: B= AASBROUCK, B.S:, Registrar. ELWIN H. FORRISTALL, M.Sc., Farm Superintendent. Graduates of 1905.1 Master of Science. Osmun, Albert Vincent, : ; « brooklyn, N.Y. Smith, Elizabeth Hight, . ‘ . Ambherst. Bachelor of Science. Adams, Richard Laban (Boston Univ.), Jamaica Plain. Allen, George Howard (Boston Univ.)}, West Somerville. Barnes, Hugh Lester (Boston Univ.), Stockbridge. Bartlett, Francis Alonzo (Boston wav.), . : ; ; . Belchertown. " The annual report, being made in January, necessarily includes parts of two academic years, and the catalogue bears the names of such students as have been connected with the college during any portion of the year 1905. 32 Crosby, Harvey Davis, ‘ 3 Cushman, Esther Cowles (Boston Univ.), ‘ . Gardner, John J pacene Gay, Ralph Preston, Hatch, Walter Bowerman, Holcomb, Charles Sheldon, Hunt, Thomas Francis, Ingham, Norman Day, 2 Kelton, James Richard (Boston ce ), : Ladd, Edward Thorndike (Boston Univ.), : : Lewis, Clarence iugacdan (Boston Univ.), : : ; Lyman, John Franklin (Boston Univ.), ; : ‘ , Munson, Willard Anson (Boston Univ.), : ; Newhall, Jr., Hugin White, . : Patch, Ganien Willard (Boston Univ. ), Sanborn, Monica Lillian (Boston Univ.), ; ; Sears, William Marshal Swain, Allen Newman (Boston Univ. ‘5 Taylor, Albert Davis (Boston Univ. )» Tompson, Harold Foss, : Tupper, Bertram, Walker, Lewell Seth (Bosken mas ), Whitaker, Chester Leland, : Williams, Percy Frederic (Eheinn : Univ.), é : : : Willis, Grenvite Norcott (Boston Univ.), , , : Yeaw, Frederick Loring, Total, Senior Class. Carey, Daniel Henry, Carpenter, Charles Walter, Chapman, George Henry, Colton, William Wallace, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ Jan. Rutland. Amherst. Milford. Stoughton. Falmouth. Tariffville, Conn Weston. Granby. Orange. Winchester. Melrose. Amherst. Aurora, Ill. San Francisco, Cal Arlington Heights. Salem. Brockton. Dorchester. Westford. Jamaica Plain. Barre. Natick. Somerville. Natick. Becket. Winthrop. ; : 32 Rockland. Monson. New Britain, Conn. Pittsfield. 1906.] Craighead, William Hunlie, . Filer, Harry Burton, French, George Talbot, Gaskill, Edwin Francis, Hall, Jr., Arthur William, . Hastings, Jr., Addison Tyler, Hayward, Afton Smith, Hood, Clarence Ellsworth, Kennedy, Frank Henry, Martin, James Edward, Moseley, Louis Hale, Mudge, Everett Pike, Peakes, Ralph Ware, Pray, Fry Civille, Rogers, Stanley Sawyer, Russell, Henry Merwin, ’ Scott, Edwin Hobart, . Sleeper, George Warren, Strain, Benjamin, ; Suhlke, Herman Augustus, . Taft, William Otis, : Tannatt, Jr., Willard Colburn, Tirrell, Charles Almon, Wellington, Richard, Wholley, Francis Dallas, Wood, Alexander Henry Moore, . otal... : : : Junior Class. Alley, Harold Edward, Armstrong, Arthur Huguenin, Barlow, Waldo Darius, Bartlett, Earle Goodman, Caruthers, John Thomas, Chace, Wayland Fairbanks, . Chadwick, Clifton Harland, Chapman, Joseph Otis, Clark, Jr., Milford Henry, . Cutter, Frederick Augustus, . Dickinson, Walter Ebenezer, . Eastman, Jasper Fay, . PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. Boston. Palmer. Tewksbury. Hopedale. North Amherst. Natick. South Amherst. Millis. Ashmont. Brockton. Glastonbury, Conn, Swampscott. Newtonville. Natick. Brookline. Bridgeport, Conn. Cambridge. Swampscott. Mt. Carmel, Conn. Leominster. East Pepperell. Dorchester. Plainfield. Waltham. Cohasset. Easton. 30 Gloucester. Hyde Park. Amherst. Chicago, Ill. Columbia, Tenn, Middleborough. Cochituate. East Brewster. Sunderland. Lawrence. North Amherst. Townsend. 34 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [Jan. Green, Herbert Henry, Hartford, Archie Augustus, Higgins, Arthur William, Jones, Arthur Merrick, King, Clinton, Larned, Joseph Adelbert, Lincoln, Ernest Avery, Livers, Susie Dearing, . Parker, Charles Morton, Peters, Frederick Charles, Pierce, Henry Tyler, Shaw, Edward Houghton, Summers, John Nicholas, Thompson, Clifford Briggs, Walker, James Hervey, Watkins, Fred Alexander, Watts, Ralph Jerome, Whitney, John Frank, Wood, Herbert Poland, Total, Spencer. Westford. Westfield. Ludlow. Dorchester. Amherst. Fall River. Boston. Newtonville. Lenox. West Millbury. Belmont. Brockton. Halifax. Greenwich Village. West Springfield. Littleton. Dana. Hopedale. : ‘ a1 Sophomore Class. Allen, Charles Francis, Anderson, Albert John, Anderson, Kenneth French, . Austin, Frank Lee, Bailey, Ernest Winfield, Bangs, Bradley Wheelock, Barry, Thomas Addis, Bartlett, Louis Warren, Bates, Carleton, Bennett, Ernest Victor, Browne, Marcus Metcalf, Brydon, Robert Parker, Chapman, Lloyd Warren, Chase, Henry Clinton, Clark, Orton Loring, Cobb, George Robert, Coleman, William John, Cowles, Edward Russell, Cummings, Winthrop Atherton, Worcester. North Brookfield. Roslindale. Potsdam, N. Y. Worcester. Amherst. Amherst. Amherst. Salem. Malden. Malden. Lancaster. Pepperell. Swampscott. Malden. Amherst. Natick. Deerfield. Auburn, Cal. 1906.] Curtis, Jesse Gerry, Cutting, Roy Edward, Daniel, John, Davenport, Stearnes Eetuenp. Davis, Paul Augustin, Dolan, Clifford, Draper, James Edwin, Eastman, Perley Monroe, Edwards, Frank Laurence, Farley, Arthur James, Farrar, Allan Dana, Farrar, Parke Warren, Flint, Clifton Leroy, Gillett, Chester Socrates, Gillett, Kenneth Edward, Gold, Frank Lyman, Gowdey, Carlton Cragg, Hall, Jr., Walton, Hayes, Herbert Kendall, Howe, William Llewellyn, Hyslop, James Augustus, Ingalls, Dorsey Fisher, Jackson, Raymond Hobart, Jennison, Harry Milliken, Johnson, Frederick Andrew, Jones, Thomas Henry, _Larsen, David, Liang, Lai-Kwei, Miller, Danforth Parker, Pagliery, Joseph Cecilio, Parker, John Robert, Philbrick, Edwin Daniels, Reed, Horace Bigelow, . Regan, William Swift, Sawyer, William Francis, Shattuck, Leroy Altus, Thurston, Frank Eugene, Turner, Olive May, Turner, William Franklin, Verbeck, Roland Hale, Warner, Theoren Levi, Waugh, Thomas Francis, Wellington, Joseph Worcester, PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. ol. 35 South Framingham. Amherst. Osterville. North Grafton. Lowell. Hudson. Worcester. Townsend, Somerville. Waltham. Amherst. Springfield. Amesbury. Southwick. Southwick. Amherst. St. Michael, Barbados. Marshfield. North Granby, Conn. Marlborough. Rutherford, N. J. Cheshire. Amherst. Millbury. Westford. Easton. Bridgeport, Conn. Tientsin, China. Worcester. New York, N. Y. Poquonock, Conn. Somerville. Worcester. Northampton. Sterling. Pepperell. Worcester. Amherst. Reading. Malden. Sunderland. Worcester. Waltham. 36 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. Wheeldon, Albert James, Wheeler, Hermon Temple, White, Herbert Linwood, Whiting, Albert Lemuel, Whitmarsh, Raymond Dean, Wright, Samuel Judd, Total, Freshman Class. Adams, William Everett, Alger, Paul Edgar, Bardwell, Frank Raymond, : Barnes, Jr., Benjamin Franklin, . Bartholomew, Persis, 5 Bartlett, Oscar Christopher, . Bean, Thomas Webster, Beebe, John Cleaveland, Bent, George Franklin, Blake, Rodman Ruggles, Briggs, Orwell Burlton, Brown, Eben Hermon, Brown, Jr., George Murray, . Burke, Edward Joseph, Caffrey, Donald John, Cardin, Patricio Penarredonda, Chase, Edward Irving, Codding, George Melvin, Coleman, Leon Nelson, Cook, Walter Arthur, Corbett, Lamert Seymour, Cox, Jr., Alfred Elmer, Cox, Leon Clark, Cronyn, Theodore Reid, Crosby, Harold Parsons, Crossman, Samuel Sutton, Curran, David sais Cutler, Homer, Eddy, Roger Sherman, French, Horace Wells, Fulton, Gordon Russell, Geer, Myron Francis, Worcester. Lincoln. Maynard. Stoughton. Taunton. South Sudbury. Chelmsford. Somerville. North Brookfield. Haverhill. Melrose Highlands. Westhampton. South Hadley Falls. Hampden. Milton. Kast Pepperell. Egremont. Bridgewater. Cambridge. Holyoke. Gardner. Artemisa, Cuba. Somerville. Taunton. Gardner. Milton. Jamaica Plain. Malden. Boston. Bernardston, Lenox. Needham. Marlborough. Westborough. Dorchester. Pawtucket, R. I. Lynn. Springfield. [ Jan. 1906.] | PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. Geer, Wayne Emory, Handy, Leroy Marshall, Hathaway, Elmer Francis, Hayward, Warren Willis, Hibbard, Myron James, Hillman, Arthur Joseph, Hubbard, Arthur Ward, Ide, Warren Leroy, Jen, Huan, Kenney, Walter James, Knight, Harry Orrison, Lambert, Marjorie Willard, Learned, Wilfred Hill, Lindblad, Rockwood Chester, Lull, Robert Delano, Lyman, Arthur Densmore, Springfield. Worcester. Cambridge. Millbury. North Hadley. Hardwick. Sunderland. Dudley. Tientsin, China. Lowell. Gardner. West Brighton, N. Y. Florence. North Grafton. Windsor, Vt. Springfield. MacGown, Guy Ernestus, South Britain, Conn. Maps, Charles Hulick, Long Branch, N. J. Martin, Jr., Nelson Lansing, ; . Sharon. Monahan, James Valentine, South Framingham. Neale, Harold Johnson, Worcester. Noble, Harold Gordon, Springfield. Noyes, John, Roslindale. O’Donnell, John Heanaia! Worcester. O’Grady, James Raphael, Holliston. Oliver, Joseph Thomas, Dorchester. Paddock, Harold Charles, Parsons, Egbert Rockwell, Pearce, Ernest Edwin, Phelps, Harold Dwight, Potter, John Sherman, West Claremont, N. H. - Lenox. Worcester. West Springfield. Concord. Potter, Richard, Concord. Putnam, Charles Sumner, Princeton. Randolph, Lucy Amelia, Belchertown. Richardson, George Tewksbury, Middleborough. Sexton, George Francis, Worcester. Shamiae, George Mansoor, . Damascus, Syria. Smith, Alexander Halliday, Nyack, N. Y. Smulyan, Marcus Thomas, New York, N. Y. Stewart, Eri Shepardson, Royalston. Strong, Anson Loomis, Colchester, Conn. Sweet, Charles Rochford, Worcester. Thompson, Myron Wood, Halifax. 38 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ Jan. Thomson, Jared Brewer, Trainor, Owen Francis, Treat, Carlton Eddy, Tucker, Horace Northrop, Turner, Henry William, Turner, LeRoy Henry, Wadsworth, Ralph Emerson, Warner, Frederick Chester, . Webb, Charles Russell, Whaley, James Sidney, Whelpley, Walter Merton, White, Charles Howard, Willis, Luther George, Wilson, Jr., Frank Herbert, . Potal: 2 ; : aga Monterey. Worcester. Chelsea. Waterbury, Conn. Trinidad, Cuba. Pittsburg, Penn. Northborough. Sunderland. Worcester. East Orange, N. J. Winthrop. Providence, R. I. Melrose Highlands. Nahant. 89 Short Winter Course, Dairy Farming. Barnes, Charles White, Carruth, Charles Mason, Carter, Harry Rufus, Chase, Edward Irving, Daniels, Francis Newell, Davis, Warren Henry, . Dearborn, Carr Alvah, Devlin, James Francis, Dunnell, David Lawson, Eames, William Ovid, Fabian, Benedict Sebastian, Filer, Charles Humphrey, Gaskill, Roy Frank, Gates, Oliver Horace, Geer, Raymond, Greenhalgh, Cecil crear Tate Guiel, Arthur Daniel, : Haynes, Jay Freeman, Hollquist, Andrew Gustaf, James, Arthur Eugene, Kimball, Edward Bartlett, Lincoln, James Keyes, Lucia, Jr., John Baptiste, Mann, Walter Samuel, May, Basil Morris, Haverhill. Barre. Millbury. Somerville. Foxborough. Great Barrington. Amherst. Whitinsville. Greenfield. Becket. Worcester. West Brimfield. Hopedale. Ashburnham. Wapping, Conn. Plymouth. Amherst. North Hero, Vt. Worcester. North Ferrisburg, Vt. Methuen. Barre. Middlebury, Vt. Foxborough. South Hgremont. 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 39 McCrone, Henry Richmond, Amesbury. Moore, Edwin Allyn, Westfield. Packard, Henry Wakefield, Goshen. Pomeroy, Robert Edgar, Northampton. Ranney, William Henry, South Ashfield. Raycraft, Jr., Frank, Caldwell, N. J. Salmon, William Everett, Boston. Schmitz, Eugen Alfons Richard, Shirley. Sheridan, Walter Peter, Charlton. Smith, David French, Plymouth, N. H. Smith, Morey Ambios, Berlin, N.Y; Taylor, Arthur Francis, North Amherst. Thompson, Oscar Raymond, Heath. True, Arthur Ray, Amesbury. Twitchell, Julian Phelps, Cambridge. Watley, Frank Crandall, Davenport, N. Y. Whitney, Harvey Horace, Shrewsbury. Total, . ; ; 42 Graduate Students. For Degrees of M.S. and Ph.D. Back (B.Sc., M. A. C., ’04), Ernest Adna, Florence. Franklin (B.Sc., M, A, ve 03), Hen James, Bernardston. Hooker (B.S8c., M. A. G., 99), alten Anson, Amherst. Kibbey (A.B., cand: 04), igichards Carroll, Ladd (B.Sc., Piped, Lancaster (A.B., reed, 84: MD. M. A. C., 05), Bdivard Harvard, 789), Walter Brackett, Monahan (B.Sc., M. A. C., 703), Neil Francis, ; : ; j : Osmun (B.Sc., M. A. C., 703), Albert Vincent, : : : : : pas (B.Sc, M. A. C., 297), Philip Henry, , : : , Staples (B.Sc., M. A. C., 704), Park- man Fisher, Marshalltown, Ia. . Winchester. Boston. Amherst. Danbury, Conn. Amherst. Westborough. 40 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ Jan. Tottingham (B.Sc, M. A. G., 703), William Edward, . : i - Bernardston. Tower (B.Sc., M. A. C., 03), Winthrop Vose, 2 ; : : Roxbury. Whipple (B.Sc., Kansas Agr’l College, 04), Orville Blaine, : : . Olivet, Kan. Total, . : : ; : 3 : , : 13 Special Students. Dacey, Alice Evelyn, . : ; . Boston. Foster, Elsie Addie, . ; ; . Worcester. French, Vida Rachel, . : : . Ambherst. Locke, Ada Elsie, : : : .- Iba: Junta, Col, Total~ : : : . : : ; ; 4 Summary. Graduate course : — For degrees of M.S. and Ph.D.,_ . . : ey Four-years course : — Graduates of 1905, : ; ; é : “oR Senior class, ; ‘ A : ‘ ‘ silty fen Junior class, : ; ; : ; : be kk Sophomore class, . : : ; : : oi aoe Freshman class, . ; A ; . : | ae Winter courses, ‘ : : . : ‘ . 42 Special students, . ; x , : : : + Total, anes) ae ee Entered twice, : : : : : , : ; 3 Total, : : ‘ : ‘ : ; ee OBJECT. The leading object of the Massachusetts Agricultural College is “ to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, . . . in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life.” That this result may be secured by those for whom it is intended, the college invites the co-operation and patronage of all who are interested in the advanced education of the industrial classes in the Commonwealth. 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. Al The instruction here given is both theoretical and practical. The principles of agriculture are illustrated on the extended acres of the farm belonging to the college estate. Nature’s work in botany and in horticulture is revealed to the eye of the student in the plant house and in the orchards accessible to all, while the mysteries of insect life, the diseases and the cure of domestic animals, the analysis of matter in its various forms, and the study of the earth itself, “ the mother of us all,” may engage the atten- tion of the student during the years of his college course. GRADUATE COURSES. In response to the increasing demand for advanced work in va- rious directions, the college has arranged for courses of study leading to the degrees of Master of Science and Doctor of Philos- ophy. Honorary degrees are not conferred. Applicants are not eligible to the degree of Master of Science or Doctor of Philosophy until they have received the degree of Bachelor of Science or its equivalent. The fee for the degree of Master of Science is ten dollars and for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy twenty-five dollars, to be paid to the treasurer of the college before the degree is conferred. COURSES FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE. A course of study is offered in each of the following subjects: mathematics and physics, chemistry, agriculture, botany, horti- culture, entomology, veterinary medicine. Upon the satisfactory completion of any two of these, the applicant receives the degree of Master of Science. Candidates for the degree of Master of Science must devote not less than one year and a half after graduation to the prose- cution of two studies for the degree, one year of which must be in residence at the Massachusetts Agricultural College. CouRSES FOR THE DEGREE OF DooTorR OF PHILOSOPHY. The establishment of courses leading to this degree is the result of many calls for advanced study along certain economic lines neglected in most American universities, and is given only by those departments especially equipped for this grade of study, to graduates of this college or other colleges of good standing. The 42 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ Jan. work required for the degree is intended to be so advanced in its character as to necessitate the greatest industry to complete it, with the belief that such severe requirements will result in the greatest credit to those who are successful. Four courses of study only are therefore open, viz., botany, chemistry, entomology and horticulture as major subjects, though a minor in zodlogy is also available. At least three years are necessary to complete the work re- ouired ; twenty hours per week to be devoted to the major subject, while from twelve to sixteen hours per week are required for each of the two minor subjects during one and a half years. The work in the major and minors will necessarily differ with the previous training and needs of different students, but a gen- eral outline of the major in each subject is as follows: — Botany. — Vegetable physiology, vegetable pathology, mycol- ogy, cecology, taxonomy, phylogeny, the history of botany, and the history and theory of evolution. The above subdivisions of botany will be, to a greater or less extent, pursued as necessitated by the previous training of the student and nature of the orig- inal problem undertaken. In this course it is also recommended that the student take, in addition to this prescribed minor work, a brief course in the history of philosophy and psychology, which at present will have to be provided elsewhere. Extensive reading of botanical literature, of both a general and specific nature, will be required in certain subjects, and occasional lectures will be given. A botanical conference is held monthly, wherein various new problems touching upon botanical science are considered by graduate students and those of the senior class electing botany. A thesis dealing with some economic problem in plant physiology or pathology, or both, and containing a distinct contribution to knowledge, will also be required. Chemistry. — Advanced work in the following subjects: inor- ganic analysis, qualitative, of the rarer elements, and quantita- tive; crystallography; physical chemistry; descriptive and deter- minative mineralogy; chemical geology; soil formation; soil physics and chemistry; gas analysis; synthetic inorganic work ; chemical theory and history; general organic chemistry; special topics in organic chemistry; elementary quantitative organic analysis; proximate qualitative and quantitative organic analysis, including determination of organic radicles; organic synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic compounds; problems in chemical manufacture; recent chemistry of plant nutrition; animal phy- ee — 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 381. 43 siological and pathological chemistry, including foods, stand- ards for feeding of all kinds, and, among secretions, milk and milk industries; and, among excretions, urine and urinalysis; toxicology; insecticides and fungicides; frequent examinations on current chemical literature. Karly in the course original work on some chemical subject pertaining to agriculture must be begun. The history and results of this work must be submitted before graduation, in the form of a thesis containing a distinct contribution to knowledge. Entomology. — General morphology of insects; embryology ; life history and transformations; histology; phylogeny and rela- tion to other arthropods; hermaphroditism; hybrids; partheno- genesis ; pedogenesis ; heterogamy; chemistry of colors in insects ; luminosity ; deformities of insects; variation ; duration of life. (Ecology: dimorphism; polymorphism; warning coloration ; mimicry; insect architecture; fertilization of plants by insects; instincts of insects ; insect products of value to man; geographical distribution in the different faunal regions; methods of distribu- tion ; insect migrations; geological history of insects, insects as disseminators of disease; enemies of insects, vegetable and animal, including parasitism. Economic entomology: general principles; insecticides; appa- ratus; special cases; photography of insects and their work; methods of drawing for illustrations; field work on insects, and study of life histories; insect legislation. Systematic entomology: history of entomology, including clas- sifications and the principles of classification; laws governing nomenclature ; literature,—how to find and use it; indexing liter- ature ; number of insects in collections and existence (estimated) ; lives of prominent entomologists; methods of collecting, pre- paring, preserving and shipping insects; important collections of insects. Journal club: assignments of the literature on the different groups of insects to different students, who report at monthly meetings summaries of all articles of value which have appeared during the month. Required readings of the best articles on the various topics named above, and on the different orders of insects. This read- ing covers from 15,000 to 20,000 pages in English, French and German, and the candidate is examined on this, together with his other work, at the close of his course. Thesis: a thesis with drawings, which shall consist of the results 44 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. (Jan. of original investigations along one or several lines, and which shall constitute a distinct contribution to knowledge, must be completed and accepted before the final examinations are taken. Horticulture. —'The work in horticulture necessarily varies considerably with different candidates, since its most important features are specialization, original investigation, and the deyel- opment of individual initiative in dealing with new questions. Kach candidate must select some special field of horticultural study, and devote himself continuously to it. He will be re- quired to attend lectures, conferences and seminars dealing with horticulture in its broader aspects. Advanced work will be re- quired in the following subjects: systematic pomology, pomologi- cal practice, commercial pomology; systematic, practical and commercial olericulture; greenhouse plants and problems; flori- culture; landscape gardening; plant breeding and general evolu- tion; and questions of a physiological nature connected with propagation and pruning. Other requirements and ‘opportunities are: (1) periodical sem- inars with special lectures, by prominent men from outside the college; (2) extensive and systematically planned readings; (3) frequent visits to orchards, gardens, greenhouses, estates and libraries outside the college grounds, always with some definite purpose in view; (4) and, finally, the preparation and publica- tion of a thesis setting forth the results of the candidate’s major study, which shall be an original and positive contribution to horticultural knowledge. Zoblogy. — This course is offered as a minor subject for can- didates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. General and comparative anatomy, both gross and microscopic ; ontogeny and phylogeny; life cycles, metamorphosis and meta- genesis; animal associations, colonial, commensal and parasitic, and symbiotic associations of animals and plants; adaptation, adaptive radiation and parallelisms. Geologic, geographic and bathymetric distribution of animals. Systematic zodlogy, including paleeozodlogy ; museum and field technique. Economic zoology. History and development of zodlogical science. Weekly seminars and journal club meetings are held, in which all advanced students of zodlogy take an active part. Collateral reading and a general knowledge of current zodlogi- cal literature are required. 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 45 FOUR-YEARS COURSES. DEGREE. Those who complete the four-years course receive the degree of Bachelor of Science, the diploma being signed by the governor of Massachusetts, who is the president of the corporation. Regular students of the college may also, on application, be- come members of Boston University, and upon graduation re- ceive its diploma in addition to that of the college, thereby becoming entitled to all the privileges of its alumni, provided that the candidate, in addition to the college course, shall have mas- tered in a preparatory school a three-years preparatory course in studies beyond those commonly presented in the grammar schools of Massachusetts. ADMISSION. Every candidate for admission must be at least sixteen years of age, and must present a testimonial of. good character from the principal of the last school that he attended. Certificates. — Certificates of schools and academies approved by the faculty of the college are accepted in place of examina- tions. These certificates must be made out on blanks furnished on application to the registrar, and must be signed by the prin- cipal of the school making such application. A student admitted on certificate may be dropped from college at any time during freshman year when his work is not satisfac- tory; and the privilege implied in the acceptance of a certificate may be revoked whenever, in the judgment of the faculty, it is not properly exercised. Examinations. — Candidates for admission to the freshman class will be received on certificate, as explained above, or on examination in the following subjects: algebra (through quad- ratics), plane geometry, English, general history, civil govern- ment (Mowry’s “Studies in Civil Government”), physiology (Martin’s “ The Human Body,” briefer course), physical geog- raphy (Guyot’s “ Physical Geography,” or its equivalent). This examination may be oral or written; the standard re- quired for admission is 65 per cent. in each subject. Knowl- edge of the principles of arithmetic is presupposed, although an examination in this subject is not required. Teachers are urged to give their pupils such drill in algebra and geometry as shall secure accuracy and readiness in the application of principles to practical examples. 46 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ Jan. A candidate will not be accepted in English whose work is notably deficient in point of spelling, punctuation, idiom or divi- sion into paragraphs. The candidate will be required to present evidence of a general knowledge of the subject matter of the books named below, and to answer simple questions on the lives of their authors. The form of examination will usually be the writing of a paragraph or two on each of several topics to be chosen by the candidate from a considerable number — perhaps ten or fifteen — set before him in the examination paper. The treatment of these topics is designed to test the candidate’s power of clear and accurate expression, and will imply only a general knowledge of the substance of the books. The books set for the examination in 1906 are: Shakespeare’s “The Merchant of Venice; ” Goldsmith’s “ The Vicar of Wakefield ; ” Scott’s “ Ivan- hoe;” Tennyson’s “The Princess;” Lowell’s “The Vision of _ Sir Launfal;” George Eliot’s “Silas Marner.” For the exam- ination in 1907 and 1908 the books are: Shakespeare’s “ The Merchant of Venice;” Irving’s “Life of Goldsmith;” Cole- ridge’s “ The Ancient Mariner; ” Scott’s “ Ivanhoe” and “ The Lady of the Lake;” Tennyson’s “The Passing of Arthur;” Lowell’s “ The Vision of Sir Launfal;” George Eliot’s “ Silas Marner.” Examinations in one or more of the required subjects may be taken a year before the candidate expects to enter college, and credit for successful examination in any subject will stand for two years after the examination. Candidates for classes more advanced than the freshman class will be examined in the studies gone over by the class to which they desire admission. The examinations for admission in 1906 will be held at the Botanic Museum of the Agricultural College in Amherst on Thursday and Friday, June 21 and 22, and on Tuesday and Wednesday, September 18 and 19, as follows : — First Day. | Second Day. 8.30 A.M. — Registration. 9 A.M. — Civil government. 9 A.M.— English. 10 a.M.— Algebra. 11. A.M.— General history. 2 pM. — Physiology. 2 P.M.— Geometry. 3 P.M. — Physical geography. Entrance examinations in June will be held on the same days and in the same order as in Amherst: at Jacob Sleeper Hall, soston University, 12 Somerset Street, Boston; at Horticultural 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 47 Hall, Worcester; and at Pittsfield, but candidates may be exam- ined and admitted at the convenience of the examiners, at other times in the year, but not during the summer vacation. ENTRANCE EXAMINATION PAPERS USED IN 1905. The standard required is 65 per cent. on each paper. ALGEBRA. a’ b? 1. Factor oa: Factor 62? — Tay — 3y’. 2. Expand by binomial theorem (a*# + 206’ a7")*. 3. Find the square root of 2*— a’-+- a 4a — 24. 4. Find sum of oo 5. gam I 4, Vee) ( a | 2 6. Solve { ‘a K oy 7. Solve ad a ne 82, i) 12, Solve oiiligs ly 15. ao GEOMETRY. 1. (a) What is a scalene triangle? (6b) What is an inscribed angle? (c) What is asegment of acircle? (d) Give theorem of limits. (e) What is a sector of a circle? 2. Find the area of a segment of a circle having for its chord a side of a regular inscribed hexagon, if the radius of the circle is 10; take = 3.1416. 3. The medians of a triangle intersect at a common point, which lies two-thirds the way from each vertex to the middle point of the opposite side. Prove. 4. Draw the exterior and interior common tangents to two given circles which do not intersect. Explain constructions fully. 5. Find the area of a triangle whose sides are 8, 13, and 15. 48 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ Jan. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 1. Describe the continent of South America, its form, bound- aries, elevation, drainage, and the relation of the mountain sys- tems to the continent form. 2. What is glacial erosion? What evidence have we of the former existence of an ice sheet in this region? What is an esker? A drumlin? A terminal moraine? 3. What are corals? Under what conditions do they live? What is a barrier reef? A fringing reef? An atoll? How is each formed ? 4. What are ocean currents? Describe and explain the gulf stream. What is its influence on mankind? What is the Sar- gasso Sea? Where is it? 5. Describe the physical features and climate of Massachu- setts (or your home State). What influence do these have on its agriculture, manufactures and other industries ? Crvit GovERNMENT. 1. Name the characteristic features of the following forms of government in this country : — (a) Provincial. (b) Proprietary. (c) Charter. (d) Revolutionary, 1776-1781. (e) Confederate, 1781-1789. (f) Constitutional, 1789-1905. 2. Give the year, month and day of the month when the United States began its existence as a nation. What act signalized this beginning ? 3. State three qualifications for the office of President of the United States. Name the vice-presidents who have succeeded to the presidency by the death of the president. 4. Name the principal courts of the United States. Give five kinds of cases that can be brought before the United States courts. 5. Write upon the following subjects, developing them as fully as you can: — (a) The Massachusetts Legislature. (b) Municipal government. (c) The regulation of railroad rates. 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. AQ PHYSIOLOGY. 1. Compare carefully the skeleton of the arm and leg with the hip and shoulder girdle, naming and describing the correspond- ing bones in each, and giving their positions. 2. Describe the digestive system, and tell of each process and where it occurs in the digestion of a meal consisting of beefsteak, potatoes, and bread and butter. 3. Describe carefully the process of respiration. How the air is inhaled. How it is exhaled. What changes have occurred in the air thus breathed? What in the blood? 4. What is the difference between a cold and a warm blooded animal? How is the temperature kept up in the latter? Are there any waste products arising from this production of heat? If so, what becomes of them? 5. What is a nervous impulse? What is reflex action? Give an example of the latter, explaining in full. GENERAL HISTORY. 1-4. Write a general account of the old civilization of the fol- lowing three countries, Egypt, Greece and Rome, discussing: (@) classes of people in each; (b) occupations of the common people; (c) art, as shown in buildings, statuary and literature; (d) war- like characteristics. 5. What is meant by “ The fall of the Roman Empire,” which took place in 476 A.D., and why is this date considered the divid- ing line between ancient and medieval history ? 6. What was the effect of the spread of Christianity over the northern countries of Europe? What were some of the actual results of this, so far as the following are concerned? (a) Build- ings; (b) Crusading; (c) Literary work. 7. Name the events in connection with the history of Eng- land that were directly instrumental in laying the foundations of the present English language. 8. What was the great service rendered to their country and to their subjects by the following rulers? (a) Charlemagne; (b) Peter the Great; (c) Frederick the Great; (d) Cromwell. 9. Name four different events in the history of our own coun- try which you think had a great influence on the history of the nineteenth century. 10. What was the age of compromise in the history of the United States? In what way did this “age” really bring on the civil war? 50 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ Jan. ENGLISH. Norre.— Penmanship, punctuation and spelling are considered in marking this paper. The time allowed is two hours. 1. Choose two of the following topics, and write clearly and interestingly upon them. Let each essay be about three hundred words in length. (a) Shakespeare’s first acquaintance with the theatre. (6) The bright and the dark side of Oliver Goldsmith. (c) Walter Scott’s fight against bankruptcy. (d) Lowell’s boyhood and college days. (e) Tennyson’s love for retirement. (f) The hfe of George Eliot. 2. Choose any three of the following, and write a few para- graphs on each subject chosen. Give title in each case. (a) Was Shylock’s demand for justice unreasonable? (b) Home life as depicted in the “ Vicar of Wakefield.” (c) What we learn of Robin Hood from “ Ivanhoe.” (d) The abiding lesson of Tennyson’s “ Princess.” (e) Sir Launfal before and after the “ Vision.” (f) The two brothers in “ Silas Marner.” COURSES OF INSTRUCTION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE. AGRICULTURE. Introductory: relations of federal and State governments to agriculture, four lectures; history of agriculture, tenure of land, rents, holdings, etc., six lectures. Freshman year, first semester, three hours a week, required. Animal breeding. Shaw’s “ Breeding Animals,” lectures and dis- cussion of principles of breeding. — Assistant Professor CooLEy. Sophomore year, seven weeks, first semester, four exercises a week in class room, required. Breeds of farm live stock: sheep, cattle. Lecture syllabus by Cooley, and Curtis’s “ Horses, Cattle, Sheep and Swine.” — Assistant Professor CooLry. Sophomore year, nine weeks, first semester, four exercises a week in class room, required. Horses and swine. Lecture sylla- bus by Cooley, and Curtis’s “ Horses, Cattle, Sheep and Swine.” — Assistant Professor Cooury. 1906.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 31. 51 Sophomore year, eight weeks, second semester, three hours a week, required. Dairying. Lectures on dairy farming, milk pro- duction, handling and marketing of milk, milk preservation and modification, and products of milk. Text-book, Wing’s “ Milk and its Products.” — Assistant Professor CooLey. Sophomore year, ten weeks, second semester, required. Soils: formation, classification, composition; physical and chemical characteristics, and their relations to maintenance and increase in productiveness. Brooks’s “ Agriculture,” Vol. I., supplemented by lectures and laboratory work. — Professor Brooks. Junior year, ten weeks, first semester, elective. Methods of soil improvement, including tillage, drainage and _ irrigation. Brooks’s “ Agriculture,” Vol. I., supplemented by lectures, lab- oratory work and practical exercises. — Professor Brooks. Junior year, four weeks, first semester, elective. Manures: production, composition, properties, adaptation and use. Brooks’s “ Agriculture,” Vol. II., supplemented by lectures and practical exercises. — Professor Brooks. : Junior year, four weeks, first semester, elective. Stock judging. -— Assistant Professor CooLry. Junior year, second semester, elective. Fertilizers, including a critical study of their production, composition, properties, adaptation and use; and green manuring. Brooks’s “ Agricul- ture,” Vol. II., supplemented by lectures, laboratory work and practical exercises. — Professor Brooks. Senior year, four weeks, first semester, four hours a week, elective. Silos and ensilage: historical development; the merits and methods of construction of the different kinds of silos; the crops suited for ensilage; ensilage machinery; the methods of filling the silo; and the nature and extent of the changes taking place in ensilage as affecting food value. Lectures, books of reference and practical exercises. — Professor Brooks. Senior year, seven weeks, first semester, four hours a week, elective. Feeding animals: principles of digestion and animal nutrition, a study of feeding stuffs (coarse and concentrated). The relation of food to product; compounding rations. Armsby’ “Cattle Feeding,” lectures and discussion. — Assist- ant Professor CooLry. Senior year, seven weeks, first semester, four hours a week, elective. Dairying: selection and management of the dairy farm, dairy cattle, chemical and physical properties of milk, etc., cream, butter, cheese and by-products. — Assistant Professor CooLry. 52 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ Jan. 6 Senior year, first semester, four exercises a week for eight weeks. Dairy practice: use of separators, Babcock tester, butter making, etc. — SPECIALISTS. Senior year, second semester, elective. The crops of the farm and crop rotation; including a study of the origin and agricul- tural botany of all the leading crops of the farm, — annual forage crops, grasses and legumes, cereals, root crops, vegetables, tobacco and other special commercial crops: the production and uses of each; the varieties and methods of improvement; the adaptation to soil; the special manurial requirements and the methods of raising and harvesting are considered. Lectures, reference books and field work. — Professor Brooks. Senior year, second semester, elective. Agricultural experi- mentation: objects, methods, sources of error; interpretation of results. Lectures and study of reports, bulletins, etc. — Pro- fessor Brooks. Senior year, second semester, elective. Farm management: selection of the farm, its subdivision and equipment, buildings, fences, roads, water supply; farm capital, permanent, perishable and floating; the labor of the farm and its management; farm power and farm machinery. Lectures and practical exercises. — Professor Brooks. Seminar courses, by arrangement, for advanced students. Special problems requiring experiment or other research inves- tigation will be assigned to students fitted for and desiring such work. Training and practice in the use of farm implements and machines by arrangement when desired. HORTICULTURE. This department endeavors to give the student a working knowledge of horticulture on its practical and on its scientific side. The attempt is made to inculcate a taste and an enthusiasm for horticultural pursuits, in place of distaste and dislike for the drudgery of farm life. On these things success and further progress. chiefly depend. The courses now offered are as follows, though others will be added as occasion requires : — 1. Sophomore class, second semester. The fundamental opera- tions of horticulture, — propagation, pruning and cultivation, — as related to the physiology of the plant. During the first half 1906.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 53 of this course Bailey’s “ Nursery Book” is used as a text. — Mr. BLAKE. 2. Junior year, first semester. Pomology: this course covers the three natural divisions of the subject, viz.: (a) systematic pomology, or the study of the fruits themselves; (0) practical pomology, or the practice of fruit growing; (c) commercial pomology, or the principles underlying the marketing of fruits. The course is pursued by means of text-book, lectures, laboratory and field exercises. — Mr. BLAKE. 3. Junior year, first semester, four periods weekly. Plant breeding: based on a thorough examination of the laws of heredity and of variation, and of the principal theories of evolution. Lec- tures, accompanied by practice and direct experiments in cross- ing and hybridizing plants. — Professor WAucH. 4. Junior year, second semester, four periods weekly. Market gardening, including vegetables and small fruits; locations, soils, methods of cultivation and marketing. Text-book, lectures and field exercises. — Mr. BLAKE. 5. Individual problems will be assigned to seniors who elect horticulture. This gives the student an opportunity for speciali- zation in various lines of fruit growing, vegetable culture, green- house management, landscape gardening, etc. — Professor WaueH, Mr. BLake and Mr. CANNING. A seminar, made up of all students electing advanced work in horticulture or landscape gardening, meets weekly for the dis- cussion of any matters pertaining to the subject. Successful and noted horticulturists from outside the college are frequently present at these meetings, to speak on the topics with which they are especially identified. Landscape Gardening. The college wishes to promote the work in landscape gardening in every way possible. The aim of the courses is to give the gen- eral student an understanding of the fundamental principles of design and of good taste as applied to gardening, and to prepare advanced students for the practice of landscape gardening in its various branches. Although a variety of other work along related lines is avail- able, the courses now definitely offered are as follows: — 1. Junior year, first and second semesters, four hours a week. Elements of landscape design: the fundamental principles under- 54 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. (Jan. lying the artistic development of parks, estates, gardens and other areas, together with some of the simpler applications to practical conditions. — Professor WauGH and Mr. Hato. 2. Junior year, first semester, three periods weekly. Arbori- culture: trees, shrubs and other ornamental plants; their propa- gation, planting and care. Field and laboratory exercises and lectures. — Professor WAuGH, Mr. CANNING and Mr. Harton. 3. Senior year, first and second semesters, four laboratory periods weekly. Advanced landscape gardening: lectures, con- ferences, field exercises and extensive practice work with criti- cism. The student is given definite problems to solve, these problems being arranged in such an order as to develop the sub- ject logically in the student’s mind. — Professor WaAuGH. CHEMISTRY. This course aims to inculcate accurate observation, logical thinking, systematic and constant industry, together with a com- prehensive knowledge of the subject. Instruction is given by text-book, lectures and a large amount of laboratory work under adequate supervision. The laboratory work at first consists of a study of the properties of elementary matter, analysis of simple combinations and their artificial preparation. This is followed by a quantitative analysis of salts, minerals, soils, fertilizers, animal and vegetable products. The advanced instruction takes up the chemistry of various manufacturing industries, especially those of agricultural interest, such as the production of sugar, starch and dairy products; the preparation of animal and plant foods, their digestive assimilation and economic use; the official analysis of fertilizers, fodders and foods; and the analysis of soils, waters, milk, wine and other animal and vegetable prod- ucts. The courses are as follows : — Freshman year, second half of second semester, four hours a week. General chemistry, part 1, principles of chemistry, non- metals. Newth’s “ Inorganic Chemistry.” — Assistant Professor HOwARD. Sophomore year, first semester, six hours a week. General chemistry, part 2, metals. — Assistant Professor Howarp. Second semester, five hours a week. Subject continued; dry analysis. — Assistant Professor Howarp. Junior year, first semester, eight hours a week. Qualitative 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 55 and quantitative analysis; organic chemistry. Four hours a week, special subject. — Professor WELLINGTON. Second semester, ten hours a week. Organic chemistry. Rem- sen’s “ Organic Chemistry.” Five hours a week, special subject. — Professor WELLINGTON. Senior year, elective, first semester, three hours a week. Chem- ical industries. — Professor GOESSMANN. Hight hours a week, quantitative analysis and physical chem- istry. Reychler-McCrae’s “Physical Chemistry.” — Professor WELLINGTON and Assistant Professor Howarp. Second semester, eight hours a week. Advanced work, with lectures. — Professor WELLINGTON. GEOLOGY. 1. Mineralogy, junior year, second semester, six weeks, three hours a week. A course of systematic determinative mineralogy, based on Brush’s “ Manual.” ‘This work is carried on in the laboratory, and consists in determining the minerals by a study of lustre, fusibility, hardness, color, streak, specific gravity, etc., and by some of the simpler chemical tests. — Assistant Professor HOowaARrD. 2. Geology, junior year, second semester, twelve weeks, three hours a week. Structural, dynamical, physiographical and his- torical, based upon Scott’s “ Introduction to Geology.” The course aims to give a review of the physical condition of the earth ; the various dynamic agencies, and the results of their activities ; the origin and structure of the rocks; and, finally, the geological history of the globe, and the appearance in time and the devel- opment of the principal races of animals and plants. The mu- seum, lantern slides and the classic Connecticut valley afford ample means for illustration. — Professor LULL. ZOOLOGY. 1. Anatomy and physiology, freshman year, one-half of the second semester, four hours a week. Lectures based upon Mar- tin’s “'The Human Body,” advanced course, illustrated by dem- onstrations from the charts and models and from microscopic and other preparations. The fact that the subject is required for entrance makes it possible in a comparatively brief period to review the main features of human anatomy, the generally ac- cepted views concerning the physiology of the various organs, 56 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ Jan. and the more essential laws of health; and, aside from the prac- tical value of the last, the knowledge of the human system thus gained aids greatly in the zodlogical work to come. — Professor LULL. : 2. Zoology, sophomore year, first semester, two periods a week. This is mainly a laboratory course, the aim being to fa- miliarize the student with the structure of a number of typical forms, representative of the chief phyla of the animal kingdom, to train him to more precise habits of observation, and to lay the foundation for a more thorough understanding of laboratory technique. Lectures, amply illustrated by specimens, charts and lantern slides, supplement and render orderly the knowledge gained in the laboratory. — Professor LULL. 3. Zodlogy, elective, junior year, four periods a week. A course in comparative morphology and systematic zoology, based upon Parker and Haswell’s “ 'Text-book of Zodlogy.” Oppor- tunity is given for the careful dissection of each of the typical forms or its equivalent, described in the text, with a further series of animals for comparative study. Special attention is paid to individual and racial development, adaptation, relation- ship of animals to one another and to plants, geological and geo- graphical distribution of animals, and the economic importance of the different groups, except the insects, both living and extinct. The lectures are illustrated by the very complete museum col- lection. — Professor LULL. ECONOMICS AND GOVERNMENT. The aim of this department is to introduce the student to such studies as may enable him to deal with economic problems and to fulfill his social and political duties. In all work of the de- partment the text-book and lecture systems are combined. 1. Economics, junior year, first semester, four hours a week. Ely’s “ Outlines of Economics” and Taylor’s “ Introduction to Agricultural Economics” are used as text-books. The lectures on general economics are intended to supplement Ely’s book, with emphasis on present-day problems. The lectures on agri- cultural economics treat of the history of the agricultural in- dustry, and existing agricultural economic conditions and tend- encies in the United States. Such subjects as the resources of the various geographical divisions of our country in land and labor, the application of division of labor to agriculture, specialized and diversified farming, the large and small farm 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 57 systems, tenure of farm lands, the transportation of farm prod- ucts, tendencies toward agricultural co-operation, and those characteristics of agriculture which make it especially attractive to the liberally educated mind, are briefly treated. Special papers on subjects selected by the individual students from an assigned list are read and discussed in the class room. 2. Government, senior year, four hours a week, during the last half of the first semester and the whole of the second. Woodburn’s “'The American Republic” is used as a text-book, supplemented by assigned readings in Hart’s “ Actual Govern- ment ” and Buchanon’s “ Massachusetts Town Officers.” The lectures treat of general sociology, the theory and forms of the State, the origin and history of American political institutions, political parties and movements in the United States, and eminent political leaders and interpreters of the Constitution. Special attention is given to the United States Department of Agriculture, State Board of Agriculture, agricultural educa- tion and the organization of the New England country town. — Mr. Houcoms. Lectures on law, second semester, one hour a week. ‘This course treats of laws relating to business, especially to business connected with rural affairs, citizenship, domestic relations, farm- ing contracts, riparian rights, real estate and common forms of conveyance. Practical work is required, such as may fit one to perform the duties of a justice of the peace. — Mr. Lyman. ENGLISH. This department aims to secure: (a) ability to give written and oral expression of thought in correct, effective English; (b) acquaintance with the masterpieces of American and English literature; (c) ability to present, logically and forcibly, oral and written arguments on propositions assigned for debate. The following courses are offered: under (a) rhetoric and ora- tory; under (b) American literature and English literature; under (c) argumentation. The elective course in senior year is in language and literature. 1. Rhetoric. — This course extends through the two semesters of freshman year and through the second semester of sophomore year. In the first semester of freshman year work is confined to essay writing and to personal criticism, by the instructor, of the students’ compositions. This criticism is offered at stated inter- vals to each student individually, according to a posted schedule 58 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. Jan. of appointments. At the beginning of the semester necessary information with regard to the preparation of essays is furnished each student. In the second semester of freshman year the study of literary types is undertaken in the form of class room work in prose composition, including exposition, persuasion, narra- tion, description and in prose diction, including usage and style. Special attention is given to the training of the inventive ability of the student. The text-book used is Baldwin’s “ College Manual of Rhetoric.” In the second semester of sophomore year individual work in essay writing is again taken up, largely based upon the previous work of the class in American litera- ture (see 3, below). Here also personal criticism is offered. — Assistant Professor BABSON. 2. Oratory. — Individual drill in declamation, first in private and then before the class, is given during the second semester of freshman year. The choice of speakers for the Burnham prizes is based upon this work. In the junior year, during the first semester, at least two orations, upon subjects assigned or chosen, are written, and delivered before the class. Every oration is criticised by the instructor before it is committed to memory by the student. The choice of speakers for the Flint prizes in oratory is based upon this work. — Professor Miuts and Assist- ant Professor BABSON. 3. Interature. — American literature is studied in the first semester of sophomore year, three hours a week. The course comprises, first, the careful study of a text-book (Newcomer’s “ American Literature”), together with recitations based upon the same; secondly, the taking of notes from lectures, dwelling upon topics not fully treated in the text-book; and, thirdly, the reading outside of the class room of assigned selections from the prose and poetical works of standard American authors. — Assist- ant Professor BABsoN. The history of English literature is studied oe the second semester of sophomore year, four hours a week. The work is based upon a text-book, this year Johnson’s “ History of English and American Literature.” The topical method is followed in recitation, and, instead of formal lectures, there are discussions of points requiring a fuller development than the text-book gives. Collateral readings of literature are required. Frequent written tests are given, in which particular attention is given to (a) the definition of words used in the text-book; (b) the use of English in the development of the topics unfolded in the text-book or dis- cussed in the class room. — Professor MILs. "1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 59 4. Argumentation. — Four hours a week during the first se- mester of junior year are given to written and oral argumentation. The course is outlined as follows: (a) principles of argumentation as laid down in a text-book or by lecture; (6) briefs and brief- making; (c) briefs developed into forensics and submitted for personal criticism; (d) debates. — Professor MILLs. Senior elective course, two semesters, four hours a week. The work in this course is upon the following subjects: (a) English language, its origin, history and development, with particular attention to the study of words as outlined in Anderson’s “ A. Study of English Words;” (b) English literature, principally of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. — Professor MILLS. VETERINARY SCIENCE. The course of instruction in veterinary science has been ar- ranged to meet the demands of the students who, after gradua- tion, purpose following some line of work in practical agriculture. Particular stress is laid upon matters relating to the prevention of disease in animals. In addition, the interests of prospective students of human and comparative medicine have been taken into account in the arrangement of the course of study. The subject is taught by lectures, laboratory exercises, demonstra- tion and clinics. Senior year, elective, first semester, four hours a week. Veteri- nary hygiene, comparative (veterinary) anatomy, general pathol- ogy. — Professor PAIGE. Second semester, four hours a week. Veterinary materia medica and therapeutics; theory and practice of veterinary med- icine; general, special and operative surgery; veterinary bac- terlology and parasitology; medical and surgical clinics. — Professor PAIGE. BACTERIOLOGY. The instruction in bacteriology is given by means of lectures, recitations and laboratory exercises. The object of this course of study is to acquaint the student with the various organisms found in air, water, soil, milk and the body, and their relation to such processes as decomposition, fermentation, digestion and production of disease. The toxic substances resulting from the growth of organisms are considered, as well as the antitoxin used to counteract their action. Senior year, first half of the first semester, four laboratory exer- cises, of two hours each a week, required. — Professor Patan. 60 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ Jan. BoTANY. The object of the course in botany is to teach those topics per- taining to the science which have a bearing upon economic and scientific agriculture. The undergraduate work extends through six semesters. The first two semesters are required. An outline of the course follows: — Freshman year, first semester, five hours a week. Laboratory work and lectures; histology and physiology of the higher plants. This includes a study of the minute structure of the plant organism, such as stems, roots, leaves, seeds, etc., and of their functions and chemical and physical properties. This course extends into the next semester. — Mr. OsMuN. Freshman year, second semester, three hours a week. Lab- oratory work, lectures and text-book; outlines of classification and morphology of the higher plants. This course follows the preceding one, and commences about the first of March. It is devoted to a study of the relationship of plants, their gross structure, together with extensive individual practice in flower analysis. An herbarium of two hundred species of plants is required. — Mr. OsmMuN. Junior year, first semester, five hours a week. Two laboratory exercises and one lecture period a week. Cryptogamic botany. This includes a study of the lower forms of plant life, and is necessary for a comprehension of the following courses. — Mr. OsMUN. Junior year, second semester, five hours a week. Two labora- tory exercises and one lecture period a week. Hlements of vege- table pathology and physiology. This course includes a study of the common fungous diseases of crops, and consideration of the method of prevention and control of the same. The plant’s func- tion as related to susceptibility to disease is also taken up. All of the junior botany is included in four of the junior elective courses. — Professor STONE. Senior year, elective, both semesters. Three laboratory exer- cises and one lecture period a week. (a) Plant physiology; (6) plant pathology. Both courses are optional. ‘These courses are adapted to students who desire a more detailed knowledge of plant diseases and plant physiology. Extensive use is made of the valuable and constantly increasing experiment station liter- ature. — Professor STONE. 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 61 MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING. This department has charge of the instruction in mathematics. physics, civil engineering and drawing. The aim is to secure thorough work in the fundamental principles, and train the mind in clear and logical thinking. The application of the sub- jects to practical problems is given special attention. The work of the department extends over the four years, as outlined below. Mathematics. Freshman year, first semester, five hours a week. Higher alge- bra, including ratio and proportion, progressive binomial theorem, series undetermined coefficients, logarithms, continued fractions, permutations. Wells’ “College Algebra.” — Professor OsTRAN- DER and Professor HASBROUCK. Second semester, two hours a week. Solid geometry. Wells’ “ Solid Geometry.” — Professor HasBrouok. Plane trigonometry, two hours a week. Lyman and Goddard’s “ Trigonometry.” — Professor OSTRANDER. Junior year, for mathematical and chemical students, first semester, four hours a week. Analytic geometry of the line, circle, conic sections and higher plane curves. Nichols’ “ Ana- lytic Geometry.” — Professor HASBROUCK. Second semester, four hours a week.. Differential and integral calculus. Osborne’s “ Calculus.” — Professor HAsBRrouck. Physics. Sophomore year, first semester, four hours a week. Elementary mechanics of solids, liquids and gases, heat and sound. Merri- man’s “ Elements of Mechanics,” Carhart’s “ University Phys- ics.” — Professor HASBROUCK. Second semester, four hours a week. Electricity, magnetism and light. Carhart’s “ University Physics.” — Professor Has- BROUCK. Senior year, elective for those students who have taken junior mathematics; first semester, four hours a week. Analytic mechanics. Peck’s “ Analytic Mechanics.” — Professor Has- BROUCK. Second semester, four hours a week. Laboratory work. — Pro- fessor HASBROUCK. 62 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ Jan. Cwil Engineering and Surveying. Sophomore year, second semester, two exercises of two hours a week. Plain surveying with field work, including the use of the usual surveying instruments. Text-book and lectures. — Professor OSTRANDER. Instruction in civil engineering will be given in two distinct: courses of one year each, the courses alternating. They will be open to students of the junior and senior classes as indicated below. The course for 1906-07 will be for students in mathe- matics only. First semester, three hours’ recitation and two hours’ draughting a week. Stresses in roofs, bridges and graphic statics. Merriman and Jacoby’s “ Roofs and Bridges,” Parts I. and IT. Second semester, four hours a week. Hydraulics and sanitary engineering. Merriman’s “ Hydraulics and Lectures.” — Pro- fessor OSTRANDER. The course of 1907-08 will be required of juniors and seniors taking the courses in mathematics and landscape gardening. First semester, four hours a week. Strength of materials, foundations and masonry construction. 'Text-book and lectures. . — Professor OSTRANDER. Second semester, three hours’ recitation or lectures and two hours’ field work or draughting a week. Topographic and higher surveying, highway construction, the measurement of earth work, pavements and railroad construction. Text-book and lectures. — Professor OSTRANDER. Drawing. Junior year, first semester, two two-hour sessions a week for students in mathematics and landscape gardening; free-hand drawing. Second semester, two two-hour sessions a week. Mechanical and topographic drawing. ENTOMOLOGY. The importance of a knowledge of insects in every department of life is recognized by placing an introductory course in this subject as a required study in the junior elective courses: (1) agriculture, (2) horticulture, (3) biology, (4) landscape gar- dening. For those who desire a further knowledge of it, because of its importance to their future occupations, a senior elective is offered, so shaped as to be of especial value for those who expect 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 381. 63 to take up agriculture, horticulture, landscape gardening, far: estry or science teaching as life occupations. Junior year, second semester, four exercises a week, of two hours each. Lectures, laboratory and field work; general con- sideration of insect structure and life histories; systematic study of the groups of insects, with particular reference to those of economic importance; methods for preventing or checking their Tavages; insecticides and apparatus for their use; the collecting, mounting and naming of insects, and examination of the work of insects in the field and laboratory. — Professor H. T. FrEr- NALD. | Senior year, elective, open to those who have taken the junior entomology, first and second semesters, three laboratory exercises of two hours each, and one lecture, a week. Lectures, laboratory and field work; advanced morphology of insects; economic ento- mology; training in the determination of insects; use of litera- ture on entomology; study of life histories; value and application of insecticides; thesis on insects most closely related to future occupation of the student. — Professors C. H. FErnatp and H. T. FERNALD. MopERN LANGUAGES. French. — Course I.: required, four hours a week for both semesters of the freshman year. The special aim of this course is to enable the student to lay the foundation of an ability to read modern French fluently, special reference being had to scientific journals and treatises. The object of the grammar drill is to give not only instruction in the broader and more general topics, but also a thorough drill in the idiomatic peculiarities of the language, a thorough comprehension of which is held to be absolutely necessary to a correct and accurate translation. Great stress is laid upon the acquisition of a good vocabulary, and absolute accuracy in translation is insisted upon. The course is further strengthened by drill in pronunciation, exercises and composition, and, in general, in whatever tends to increase in- terest, facility and ability in translation. - Course II. is given, upon demand, as a supplement to Course I., and is an elective requiring four hours a week for both semesters of senior year. Its aim is, primarily, to furnish by an additional year’s training a greater practical efficiency in translation than can be attained merely by the completion of Course I.; and, secondarily, to equip the student with a general knowledge of scientific French literature. Constant advanced 64 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ Jan. drill is furnished along the general lines of Course I., with the object of attaining such mastery of the language that it may be easily used as a tool in scientific pursuits and investigations of any nature. Students who have not attained a good rank in Course I. are not encouraged to elect Course II. Though the main object of both courses is practical, a gen- eral attempt is constantly made, by the comparison of French and English and by occasional lectures on French life and cus- toms, to interest the student in the study and better compre- hension of the genesis of his own language, and to encourage a desire for a broad and general culture. Spanish. — Given at present as an elective for four hours a week during both semesters of the year. This course is open as a regular study to seniors, and to freshmen who upon entering college have passed off French or German (Course I.), and also as an extra to any student in good and regular standing. It is offered in response to the recognized demand in Spanish-speaking countries for graduates of agricultural colleges who have made a specialty of agriculture, entomology, horticulture, engineering, etc. Students planning future fields of work in such countries are thus enabled to acquire sufficient facility in reading, writing and speaking the Spanish language to start them to the best advantage. The earlier work is based upon some such grammar as Marion and Garennes’ “ Introduccion a la Lengua Castellana.” The course is strengthened by writing from dictation, and by the reading of books characteristic of Spanish life and customs. German. — Course I.: required for both semesters of sopho- more year, three hours a week first semester, three hours a week second semester. An understanding of the rudiments of gram- mar, facility in translation and an ability to pronounce the lan- guage and to understand simple spoken German are the main objects in view. — Assistant Professor Basson. Course II.: elective for both semesters of senior year, four hours a week. Special attention is given to the reading of Ger- man, particularly to German of a scientific nature. Work is also required in prose composition throughout the year. Accu- racy in pronunciation, the ability to understand German as spoken in the class room, and to converse within reasonable lim- its, are also features of this course. Students electing Course ITI. must have a good record in Course I., or must pass a satisfactory examination therein. — Assistant Professor BABsoNn. 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT—No. 31. 65 MILITARY SCIENCE. In compliance with the provisions of an act of Congress of July 2, 1862, military instruction under a regular army officer, detailed for this purpose, is required of all able-bodied male students. Men are excused from attendance upon the exercises of this department only on a surgeon’s certificate, given by a resident physician. The object of such instruction is clearly to disseminate the elements of military knowledge throughout the country, that, in case of sudden emergency, a sufficient number of well-trained educated men may be found to command and properly to instruct volunteer troops. Military drill also has the object in view of giving the student physical exercise, teaching respect and obedi- ence to those in authority without detracting from pride of man- hood, and developing a military bearing and courtesy becoming in a citizen as in a soldier. In order to further stimulate the study of military science in colleges, the War Department issued General Orders, No. 101, dated Washington, D. C., June 29, 1905, as follows: — ' The reports of the regular inspections of the colleges and schools to which officers of the Army are detailed, in pursuance of law, as princi- pals or instructors, will annually hereafter be submitted to the general staff for its critical examination, and the chief of staff will report to the Secretary of War, from the institutions which have maintained a high standard, the six institutions whose students have exhibited the greatest interest, application and proficiency in military training and knowledge. The President authorizes the announcement that an appointment as second lieutenant in the regular army will be awarded to an honor graduate of each one of the six institutions, provided sufficient vacancies exist after caring for the graduates of the military academy at West Point and the successful competitors in the annual examination of enlisted men... . By order of the Secretary of War, ADNA R. CHAFFEE, Lieutenant-General, Chief of Staff. Course I.: out of doors, an exercise of one hour, three times a week, Mondays, Tuesdays and Thursdays; infantry drill by squad, company, and battalion; guard mounting, dress parade, inspection and review; artillery drill by detachment; target prac- tice. All drills are in the drill hall during the winter months and inclement weather. 66 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. | [Jan. Students assigned to the college band are given instruction and practice in band music and band evolutions, in place of drills and recitations. Course IJ.: theoretical instruction for freshmen, one hour a week for both semesters, comprises recitations, “Infantry Drill - Regulations,” “ Manual of Guard Duty and Firing Regulations for Small Arms; ” “ United States Service Manual.” Course III.: theoretical instruction for seniors for both semes- ters, one hour a week, embraces drill and army regulations; duties of sentinels and guard duty, elements of military science, preparation of necessary reports and returns pertaining to a company of infantry, and a thesis on some military subject; Wagner’s “ Elements of Military Science,” “ Field Service Regu- lations.” — Captain Martin. | SYNOPSIS OF THE COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. [The figures indicate the number of exercises a week ; light-faced type, reci- tation periods of one hour each: heavy-faced type, laboratory periods of two hours each. ] FRESHMAN YEAR. First Semester. English, 1 so aa French,. + Mathematics, Algebra, ‘ : sir! ke, : +» he plan : Agriculture, . / : : : - 5 yan igre! ; Botany, 2-++1, 3 Military, Tactics, . 1 History, ial 2, — 20 Second Semester. English, 4 Language, French, ‘ : 4 Mathematics, Geometry and taeonumene: : 4 Anatomy and physiology, half atmastont ; Science, } Cheney, half semester, ; 4 Botany, 1+-1, 2 History, : ; ‘ : 2 — 20 SOPHOMORE YEAR. First Semester. English, 3 Language, German, 4 Physics, , , ; ; : : ye ae Agriculture, . ; ; ‘ ee Science, ; Chemistry, 3 Zoology, 1+-1, 2 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. -Second Semester. English, Language, ; German, Physics, . Berveying, . ... : Agriculture, 2+-1, Science, } Chemists, 24+-1,. Horticulture, Course in agriculture, Course in horticulture, Course in biology, Course in chemistry, Course in mathematics, JUNIOR YEAR. First Semester. ( Agriculture, 3-++1,. Botany, 2-+-1, Chemistry, Economics, Horticulture, . \ English, ( Horticulture, Horticulture, 1-+-3, : Botany, 2--1, Chemistry, -Economics, | English, ( Zoology, 3-+1, Botany, 2++1, Chemistry, Economics, Horticulture, . \ English, ( Chemistry, : | Agriculture, 3-+-1, . { Mathematics, Economics, | English, Special subject, ( Analytical geometry, Engineering, 1+-3, Free-hand drawing, Landscape gardening, . Economics, | English, oo 09 08 DO > OO > 67 22 21 22 21 22 22 68 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. Course in landscape gardening, Course in agriculture, Course in horticulture, Course in biology, Course in chemistry, Course in mathematics, Course in landscape gardening, Landscape gardening, . ' Agriculture, 2+-1, Botany, 2-++1, { Free-hand drawing, Horticulture, ; Economics, \ English, Second Semester. ( Agriculture, 2+-1,. Botany, 2+-1, Chemistry, Horticulture, . Entomology, . \ Geology, ( Horticulture, . Botany, 2+-1, , Chemistry, A Landscape gardening, . Entomology, . \ Geology, ( Entomology, . Zoology, Botany, 2-++1, Chemistry, Horticulture, . \ Geology, ( Chemistry, Agriculture, o-44,. ‘Mathematics, | Geology, ; Special subject, ( Engineering, | Mathematics, 4 Mechanical drawing, Landscape gardening, . | Geology, ( Landscape gardening, . Botany, 2+-1, Mechanical drawing, Engineering, Entomology, . \ Geology, [ Jan. | H H ©9 BO OO OO 23 19 20 19 20 17 21 1906.] | PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 69 SENIOR YEAR. First Semester. The following subjects are required in all courses: — Bacteriology, half semester, 4, . nein Constitution of the United States, half seraeate 4, Military science, . ; k : : ‘ ; : ayth — 6 Second Semester. Constitution of the United States, : : } ; on od Military science, . : : : : : : : pyr — 5 From the following the student must elect three courses, closely correlated with his junior year course; only one course in language may be elected : — Agriculture, 4 | Physics, 4 Horticulture, 3+-1, 4 | Engineering, 4 Veterinary, 4 | English, 4 Botany, 3-+-1, . ; 4 | French, 4 Landscape gardening, 3-41, 4 | German, t ‘ Entomology, 3-+-1, 4 | Spanish, 4 Chemistry, 3-++1, 4 | Latin, 4 Floriculture, 3-1, 4 SHORT, COURSES. These courses are open to persons of both sexes. Applicants must be at least sixteen years of age, and must furnish papers certifying good moral character. No entrance examination is required. Tuition is free to citizens of the United States. The same privileges in regard to room and board obtain as with other students. Attendance upon chapel is required. The usual fees are charged for apparatus and material used in laboratories. Attendance upon military drill is not expected. I. Darry FARMING. Week. Soils, tillage and methods of soil improvement ; manures and fer- tilizers and their use; crops and rotations, 4 Breeds and breeding of dairy stock ; fens to scale of ponte: 2 Fodders and feeding farm live tock : : ‘ : : , 1 Stable construction and sanitation, . i Common diseases of stock; prevention and PeesHeent: 1 70 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. (Jan. Dairy products: their general characteristics ; testing, . : 2 Chemical composition of milk and of special milk products, . 1 Botany, 5 , : : : ; ; : : . . 2 Horticulture, . , ‘ : ? ; : : : ‘ ; 2 Entomology, . : . 3 Dairy practice, tdelndints eeu) use a popventors butter uieg preparation of certified and modified milk, and pasteurization, a Practice in horticulture, . : : , ; ‘ : ; ‘ 1 Begins first Wednesday in January, and continues ten weeks. Hours Il. Horricu.Ture. Week. Soils, tillage, manures, etc, . : : : } ; : ; 4 Plant propagation and pruning, : : : ‘ : 3 General fruit growing, . : : : 3 Market gardening, : : ; 3 Botany, . : : : . : ; 5 ; 4 Entomology, ° . : : 3 Practice work in seed hes seeding, ee puddide: trans- planting, judging fruit, ete. Begins first Wednesday in January, and continues ten weeks. ° This course will not be given unless at least eight men register for it. If. Bre CULTURE. Meck The structure of bees, with special reference to their work (Prof. H. T: Fernald), =. : ‘ 3 Flowers and fruits in their peace to we ( Protesao Signal: ; 10 Honey crops, and how to grow them (Professor Brooks), . ; 5) Bees and bee keepers’ supplies (Professor Paige), ; : 10 Work in the apiary, under direction of an expert, . , ; ; 20 Instruction by specialists, , ) : : ; ; } , 4 This course begins the fourth Wednesday in May, and con- tinues two weeks, but will not be given unless applied for by at least six students. EQUIPMENT OF THE SEVERAL DEPARTMENTS. AGRICULTURE. The part of the college estate assigned to the department of agriculture contains one hundred and sixty acres of improved land, forty acres of pasture and sixteen acres of woodland. ‘The 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 71 latest inventions in improved agricultural tools and machinery are in practical use. The large and commodious barn and sta- bles destroyed by fire in November, 1905, were stocked with the best breeds of horses, cattle, sheep and swine, and will be replaced by new buildings at as early a date as possible. The laboratory is provided with the latest forms of apparatus for mechanical analysis of soils and determination of their physical character- istics. Provision has been made in the laboratory for the study of seeds and crops and for germination trials. Power has been introduced into the laboratory, so that farm machinery may be operated for purposes of demonstration. The department has also a line of instruments for use in drainage and irrigation practicums. The museum contains a collection of implements, seeds, plants and models of animals, all of which are designed to illustrate the evolution and the theory and practice of agri- culture. The department has assigned to its use one lecture room with museum attached, and five rooms for laboratory and dairy purposes. HORTICULTURE. For illustration of the science and the practice of horticulture the department possesses about one hundred acres devoted to orchards planted with all the leading old and all new varieties of apples, pears, peaches, plums, Japanese and American cher- ries, quinces, chestnuts, hickory nuts and walnuts; vineyards containing nearly two hundred named varieties of grapes, for sale, beside several hundred seedlings, and about an acre de- voted to a commercial crop of a few market varieties; nurseries containing all kinds of fruit and ornamental trees, shrubs and plants, in all stages of growth, from the seed and cuttings to those ready for planting in the orchard or field; small fruit plan- tations containing valuable varieties, and showing the modern methods of training, pruning and cultivation; extensive green- houses that contain not only valuable collections of specimen plants, representing types of the flora of the world, but also the most valuable economic plants, such as the orange, banana, lemon, guava, pomegranate, sago palm, arrowroot, tapioca, gin- ger, pepper, tea, coffee, camphor, India rubber, Manila hemp, banyan tree, ete. All the common greenhouse and outdoor decora- tive plants are found, and small quantities of roses, carnations, chrysanthemums and other commercial flowering plants are grown, to illustrate the business of horticulture. All vegetable 72 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [Jan. crops, now so largely grown under glass, are grown in limited quantities for purposes of instruction and for market. For illustration in the work of landscape gardening, the grounds about the greenhouses, as well as that part of the grounds known as the Clark Park, are planted with a very large and complete collection of ornamental trees, shrubs and plants. For forestry there are two large groves of trees of varying ages, from those of almost primeval growth to the youngest seed- lings, besides several plantations of younger growth either nat- ural or planted; and in the Botanical Museum there is a very complete collection of woods of Massachusetts. The work in horticulture, floriculture and landscape garden- ing is now much better provided for than in the past, through the completion of the new Wilder Hall. This contains three class rooms, three student laboratories, a large drafting room and a library, besides offices, a museum and private laboratories. It is a substantial structure, three stories high, containing all the most modern appliances, and exemplifying the best ideas in college laboratory building. It is practically fireproof, being constructed of red brick, terra cotta and tile. The floors and the roof are of tile. All kinds of pumps and other appliances for distributing in- secticides and fungicides, as well as various modern tools and implements, are in constant use. A small cold-storage room makes possible the keeping of the products beyond their natural season, and illustrates one of the most important adjuncts to the business of modern horticulture. CHEMISTRY. This department has fourteen rooms, well adapted to their special uses. They are supplied with a large assortment of appa- ratus and chemical materials. The lecture room on the second floor has a seating capacity for seventy students. Immediately adjoining it are four smaller rooms, used for storing apparatus and preparing materials for the lecture table. The laboratory for beginners is a large room on the first floor, furnished with forty working tables. Tach table is provided with reagents and apparatus for independent work. Bee hy - r. 5 oe ee > 7 ae Se + eer: > tes SA ee ee oe Ac as es a ae ale ws oD. A: oe hea: ati . aes. Se = ee he te a bore a ATS ea caer tel eau c P ” = ' ~ ee 1 ; , ae > cs ~~ = ? a ie 3 RH pn ar | , itp Smees - 5 Ee esa . i ais this P of ei 1 t th > & = » at = = we - Fs Bees a an ORL. VE omit le Relate Ane Sale ire Sawer 2 age Pa sy tet, Sans ae a be 1 No Fah = ey fbal's ioe are shaniion De ay, age th awe ae A s ae LA we ate - 1b | fi ag nyo - ‘ : a * A 7 ’ Ghee * q ie: Oh Lae “ae 4 Bs Ne g 3 era i “y ad ip has! i y oa ‘ 7 » _ M ; - * ° Oo oR (eae cote * ‘ , 4 ' @ % . 4 > 7 _ A as * 7) cs = es F ee . By Oe a a io = = ‘*s ; Ty ra , - ‘ ’ » 7 7 t j 4 - ' . x ¥ - . % ' ty « 7 ¢ ( " i ' od ‘ - ° 7 le i ‘ 7 ‘ o ' +. @ - a é - » 7 fs ™ » 7+ EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. JANUARY, 1906. a es . q » oy wd t ; = e oa » ae ines xe a seed HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, AMHERST, MASS. ORGANIZATION. Committee on Experiment Department. JAMES DRAPER,.Chairman. SAMUEL C. DAMON. J. LEWIS ELLSWORTH. THE PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE, ex WILLIAM H. BOWKER. officio. CHARLES H. PRESTON. Station Staff. CHARLES A. GOESSMANN, PH.D., LL.D., Honorary Director and Chemist (fertilizers). WILLIAM P. BROOKS, PH D., . : . Director and Agriculturist. GEORGE E. STONE, PH.D., 5 A . Botanist. JOSEPH B. LINDSEY, PH.D., . . . Chemist (foods and feeding). CHARLES H. FERNALD, PH.D., 5 . Entomologist. FRANK A. WAUGH,M.S., . : : . Horticulturist. J. E. OSTRANDER, C.E., . 5 : . Meteorologist. HENRY T. FERNALD, PH.D., . : . Associate Entomologist. FREDERICK R. CHURCH, B.SC., 3 - Assistant Agriculturist. NEIL F. MONAHAN, B.SC.,. . . . Assistant Botanist. HENRI D. HASKINS, B.SC., . ; . First Assistant Chemist (fertilizers). EDWARD G. PROULX, B.Sc.,_ . A . Second Assistant Chemist (fertilizers). E. THORNDIKE LADD, D.Sc., . ; . Third Assistant Chemist (fertilizers). EDWARD B. HOLLAND, M.S., . . . First Chemist (foods and feeding). EHP a. SMIte, B.SC.;— . : : . Assistant Chemist (foods and feeding). ARTHUR C. WHITTIER, B.Sc., . . . Assistant Chemist (foods and feeding). FRANK G. HELYAR, B.SC., s A . Inspector (foods and feeding). SUMNER R. PARKER, B.SC.,_. FE . Dairy Tester (foods and feeding). Roy F. GASKILL, . : ‘ : - . Assistant in Foods and Feeding. WALTER B. HATCH, B.SC., Sane . Assistant Horticulturist. CLIFTON H. CHADWICK, . 5 : . Observer. 114 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION, [ Jan. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. WILLIAM P. BROOKS, DIRECTOR. The work of the Hatch Experiment Station during the past year has progressed under favorable conditions. The only changes in the station staff have been a few affecting minor positions, which are elsewhere referred to. There has accordingly been no interruption in the lines of investigation which have been in progress. Besides the monthly meteorological bulletins, during the past year four other bulletins have been issued: Nos. 103 and 104 on the subject of fertilizers and the results of analyses thereof; No. 105 on tomatoes under glass and methods of pruning tomatoes ; and No. 106 on condimental stock and poultry foods. The work of the section of our division of chemistry hav- ing to do with fertilizers shows that the conditions of the fertilizer trade in the State are substantially the same as during recent years. The manufacturers and dealers still offer an enormous number of different brands of so-called complete and special fertilizers in the markets. The number of samples analyzed during the past year is 511, represent- ing 313 distinct brands. There can be no doubt that the business of manufacturing and selling fertilizers might easily be greatly simplified ; that a great reduction in the number of brands offered, without loss in any direction, is possible ; and that the result of such simplification and reduction in the number of brands would be that fertilizers sufficiently varied for every purpose could be furnished to the farmers at lower prices than those at present prevailing. The fertilizer section of our division of chemistry has during the past year analyzed the usual number of samples. 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 115 of miscellaneous materials, wood ashes, lime ashes, soils, etc. Such samples as are sent in by the farmers are usually ana- lyzed and the results reported without charge. The bulletin on tomatoes under glass is an important con- tribution to knowledge on the best methods of handling this crop, which is coming to be one of much importance in this State. Bulletin No. 106, on condimental stock and poultry foods, presents analyses of a large number of foods coming under these classes. It discusses the utility of such foods, and their cost as compared with the more common food stuffs. It is clearly shown that their cost is in excess of what appears to be a perfectly fair estimate of their value. The bulletin presents a brief résumé of the results of experi- ments in the use of stock and poultry foods, which tends to show that the claims made for these foods are not justified by facts. The results of an experiment in the department of foods and feeding are presented and discussed, the conclusion being that the food under trial (Pratt’s) did not appear to be superior in any way to a like mixture of corn meal and wheat middlings, while the cost was considerably greater. In the division of foods and feeding, under Dr. J. B. Lindsey, a number of other important lines of investigation have been followed during the year. A somewhat full state- ment of the results in a number of these will be found in Dr. Lindsey’s report, which is transmitted herewith. Among the more important results of these investigations are the following points: Bibby’s dairy cake, a food which has been persistently urged upon the attention of our milk producers, has been carefully tested, but has been found to be less satis- factory from an economical point of view than some of the ordinary food stuffs. Eureka corn has been carefully compared with Sibley’s Pride of the North corn, from the standpoint both of pro- duction and of food value. It is found that, although the Eureka gives a much heavier yield, the excess in weight is made up almost exclusively of water. The food value of the product of an acre of Eureka corn is not equal to the food value of the much smaller acre product of Sibley’s Pride of the North. 116 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. Wheat bran has been compared with corn silage, in con- nection in both cases with some of the more nitrogenous concentrates, as food for milch cows. The results indi- cate that silage is equally as satisfactory as the bran, and that by substitution of silage for the bran the necessary outlay for purchased foods in milk production can be greatly reduced. | This division has carried out an interesting investigation into the conditions prevailing in milk production in Amherst and neighboring towns. It is found that the conditions are often quite unsanitary ; that bacteria are frequently exceed- ingly numerous in the milk, indicating improper methods of handling; and that in general there is urgent need of im- provement. In the judgment of Dr. Lindsey, the results of this investigation indicate the desirability of the establish- ment of some regular system of inspecting dairies. It is believed that this is something which consumers in increas- ing numbers will be likely to insist upon in the near future. In the horticultural division the only investigation suff- ciently advanced to justify report is that undertaken, and in part reported upon in our last annual report, on methods of pruning peach trees injured by winter-killing. It will be remembered that four systems were under trial: no pruning, light pruning, moderate pruning, and severe pruning. Severe pruning consisted in removing nearly all the branches of the injured tree. The observations of another year lead to the conclusion that this system cannot be recommended. A more moderate pruning, consisting of the removal of from one-third to one-half of the growth of the previous year, seems to have given results which are on the whole most satisfactory ; and such pruning is recommended in all cases when the wood has been injured by winter-killing. If only the fruit buds have been destroyed by the winter, it is recommended to prune back the previous season’s growth severely, leaving only two or three buds. In the entomological division, experiments are in prog- ress with a view to determining the definite strength of hydrocyanic acid gas which can be used with safety on plants in greenhouses under varying conditions of growth. 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 11 In the report of the division of botany and vegetable pathology will be found a discussion of the general condi- tions as affecting plant diseases during the past year; refer- ences to the somewhat unusual attack of the potato rot fungus (Phytopthora infestans) on the tomato; and a dis- cussion of the causes of sun scald and the browning of the foliage of conifers and other evergreens. The report of the vegetable pathologist, Dr. George E. Stone, includes also a suggestive discussion on winter-kill- ing as affecting trees and shrubs, as a result of the excep- tionally cold winters 1902-03 and 1903-04. The great importance of suitable aeration of the soil for perfect germination of certain seeds is brought out by an- other paper. The effects of sterilization of soils respectively rich and low in organic matter on germination and the growth of plants have been investigated. It has been found that, if the soil is rich in organic matter, sterilization is favorable both to germination and subsequent growth; but if the soil contains little organic matter, such treatment is unfavorable. The influence of treating seeds in soil decoctions of vary- ing strengths has been carefully studied, and it is shown that such decoctions from sterilized soil when highly diluted exercise a favorable effect on germination. The report of Dr. Stone includes also the presentation and discussion of results of various methods of seed selection. The conclusion is that, for seeds adapted to that method of handling, the use of sieves of suitable mesh as a means of separating the small and inferior seeds is strongly to be recommended. The use of other methods of separation in the case of seeds which cannot be successfully handled by sifting is urged, as being of much importance. The work of the agricultural division during the past year has followed the usual lines, and is elsewhere briefly sum- marized. Among the different bulletins and reports which have been issued by the station, the following are still in stock and can be furnished on demand : — OU; . 102. 408; . 104. . 105. HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis in college herd; tuberculin in diag- nosis; bovine rabies; poisoning by nitrate of soda. Glossary of fodder terms. On the use of tuberculin (translated from Dr. Bang). Analyses of concentrated feed stuffs. Grass thrips; treatment for thrips in greenhouses. Fertilizer analyses. The imported elm-leaf beetle. Fertilizer analyses. Fertilizer analyses; treatment of barnyard manure with absorbents; trade values of fertilizing in- gredients. Orchard management; cover crops in orchards; pruning of orchards; report on fruits. Fertilizer analyses. Fertilizer analyses. Cucumbers under glass. Fertilizer analyses; ash analyses of plants; instruc- tions regarding sampling of materials to be for- warded for analysis. Fertilizer analyses. Fertilizer analyses. Fertilizer analyses; notes on barnyard manure; trade values of fertilizing ingredients. Fungicides; insecticides; spraying calendar. A farm wood lot. Inspection of concentrates. Dried molasses beet pulp; the nutrition of horses. Fertilizer analyses; market values of fertilizing in- gredients. Analyses of manurial substances and fertilizers; market values of fertilizing ingredients. Analyses of manurial substances; instructions re- garding sampling of materials to be forwarded for analysis; instructions to manufactures, im- porters, agents and sellers of commercial ferti- lizers; discussion of trade values of fertilizing ingredients. Analyses of manurial substances and licensed ferti- lizers; market values of fertilizing ingredients. Tomatoes under glass; methods of pruning tomatoes. 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 119 No. 109. Condimental stock and poultry foods. Special bulletin, — The coccid genera Chionaspis and Hemichi- onaspis. Technical bulletin, No. 1,— Greenhouse Aleyrodes; strawberry Aleyrodes. Technical bulletin, No. 2, — The graft union. Index, 1888-95. Annual reports, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906. Of most of the other bulletins a few copies remain, which can be supplied only to complete sets for libraries. The co-operation and assistance of farmers, fruit growers and horticulturists, and all interested directly or indirectly in agriculture, are earnestly requested. Communications may be addressed to the ‘*‘ Hatch Experiment Station, Am- herst, Mass.” 120 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. ANNUAL REPORT Or GEORGE F. MILLs, Jreasurer OF THE HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION OF MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, For the Year ending June 30, 1905. Cash received from United States Treasurer, ; . $15,000 00 Cash paid for salaries, ; . : . $6,992 42 for labor, . , ; , ; 1,788 14 for publications, . : i s 782 84 for postage and stationery, . : 367 35 for freight and express, : 221 78 for heat, light, water and power, . 544 60 for chemical supplies, . , , 106 39 for seeds, plants and sundry sup- plies, ; 3 , ; : 410 48 for fertilizers, ; é : ; too LL for feeding stuffs, : ; . 379 78 for library, . ; : 78 36 for tools, implements and seni CTY ¢.3 : ; : 398 37 for furniture and fined ; : 162 26 for scientific apparatus, : : 086 31 for live stock, 3 : : : 127 05 for travelling expenses, : ; 158 46 for contingent expenses, : , 25 00 for building and repairs, ; : 1,132 30 $15,000 00 Cash received from State Treasurer, . . $13,625 00 from fertilizer fees, ; . 4,865 00 from farm products, i : dle oD from miscellaneous sources, . 3,463 70 Balance June 30, 1904, ; ‘ > ; 8,383 55 —— $26,350 20 1906.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. Cash paid for salaries, f 3 2 . Balance, for labor, for publications, for postage and stationery, for freight and express, : for heat, light, water and power, . for chemical supplies, for seeds, plants and sundry sup- plies, for fertilizers, for feeding stuffs, for library, . : : : : for tools, implements and machin- ery . : : for furniture and fixtures, for scientific apparatus, for live stock, for travelling expenses, for buildings and repairs, $13,678 2,337 651 308 136 1,021 615 34 59 50 52 62 32 06 51 39 28 08 33 Et 74 00 a9 86 66 121 $26,350 20 I, Charles A. Gleason, duly appointed auditor of the corporation, do hereby certify that I have examined the accounts of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1905; that I have found the same well kept and classified as above; that the receipts for the year from the Treasurer of the United States are shown to have been $15,000, and the corresponding disbursements $15,000; for all of which proper vouchers are on file and have been by me examined and found correct, thus leaving no balance of the $15,000; and that $3,737.66 are left of the State appro- priation and of funds received from miscellaneous sources. CHARLES A. GLEASON, AMHERST, Aug. 7, 1905. Auditor. 122 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. REPORT OF THE METEOROLOGIST. J. E. OSTRANDER. The attention of this division during the year has been largely confined to the work of making the usual observations of the various weather phenomena and a proper tabulation of these records, together with such computations as are found necessary for the purpose of comparison. The installation of some new apparatus has required some changes in the manner of tabulation, but the only effect on the results is to render them more accurate. At the beginning of each month the usual bulletin of four pages has been issued, giving the more important daily records and monthly means, together with a summary of the results. The annual summary will be issued as a part of the December bulletin. In addition to issuing the bulletins, a considerable number of letters have been required to answer specific inquiries regarding rainfall, temperature and other features of the weather. This station, being one of the voluntary observers’ stations of the United States Weather Bureau, has furnished the section director at Boston with the usual monthly reports, and has also agreed to furnish the weekly snow reports during the winter. | Nitrate, ee wate rist B aprd adhe 24.14 1,960 Pe SC ATHONALES a. Scie ns Le “Soe lek 32.41 2,280 Set ey 8 Silicate, Fie Se So eee reac tae 22.07 1,540 os 2 . | No potash, . - ; 5 : : z 18.79 1,400 DG cain . - | Kainite, é . om S - : 11.38 1,600 Ti, ; - | High-grade sulfate, . - : : : 21.04 2,080 105°" : . | Low-grade sulfate, . c 2 : : 22.42 2,280 eee THEIRS, ae OG a 22.07 2,240 tb ee . | Nitrate, . . = : . : 25.87 2,800 15503. : . | Carbonate, . - d : : : : 28.28 2,700 TGs 655 F . | Silicate, “ : - ; F : 5 26.90 2,740 2 ae = . | No potash, . : - ° ‘ : - 24.83 2,380 Meet ARSIEIED, ec af ot a 17.24 1,540 ae = . | High-grade sulfate, . : . - : 25.52 1,940 2. | ae ; . | Low-grade sulfate, . - 3 . 5 24.14 1,760 136 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. Yields per Acre — Concluded. Plots. PorasH SALT. | Brehels). | Ba: a Ae : .| Muriate, . - ; A 5 3 c 30.69 1,820 99 at 6) op AIRERE we all oreo’ ot ee Seame wae 26.21 2,160 8 3). . OSEbonate;. ~ 26.90 2,260 D8” FO a RSet att Soe ys Oe eee eer 26.21 2,080 Pa : . | No potash, . : < ae ; : 22.41 1,780 26, . . . | Kainite, - : : . ° : ° 19 31 1,240 1 ela - . | High-grade sulfate, . ; : : t 31 72 2,080 28,54 . . | Low-grade sulfate, . - é “ 4 25.87 1,760 00) 45 St to) Mirriabect) tht 33 ME ee 24.46 1,900 ii. . pOeb aun) Mabe celscr 3 : 273.0 50.0 Muriate of potash, . : : : : : : 37.5 62.5 The following tables show rates of yields per acre of both hay and rowen on the several plots, and the averages for the two systems of manuring : — Yields per Acre (Pounds). PLots. Hay. | Rowen Plot 1 (lesser potash), . 5 A = ‘ : é : 3,960 | 240 Plot 2 (richer in potash), . : : 5 : 5 : 3,900 | 360 Plot 3 (lesser potash), . G L ‘ P ‘ : 3,720 400 Plot 4 (richerin potash), . : 4 c . ‘ 3,720 300 Average Yields per Acre (Pounds). PLotTs. | Hay. Rowen. Plot 1 and 8 (lesser potash), : 2 5 ; : c 3,840 320 Plots 2 and 4 (richer in potash), . ‘ - : : : 3,810 330 It will be noticed that the yields under the two systems of manuring, both in hay and rowen, are substantially equal. At current prices, the cost per acre of the fertilizers used on plots 2 and 4 is about $5 less than the cost of the materials used on plots 1 and 3. As we have secured equal crops at a materially lower price, the advantage is clearly with the fertilizer combination richer in potash. V.— MANURE ALONE v. MANURE AND POTASH. By way of description of this experiment, I cannot do better than to quote from the seventeenth annual report : — These experiments, which have for their object to show the relative value as indicated by crop production of an average 140 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. application of manure used alone, as compared with a smaller application of manure used in connection with a potash salt, were begun in 1890. The field used is level, and the soil of comparatively even quality. It is divided into four quarter- acre plots. The crop grown during the years 1890 to 1896, 1899 and 1900, 1903 and 1904, has been corn. In 1897 and 1898, and again in 1901 and 1902, the crop was mixed grass and clover. Where manure is used alone, it is applied at the rate of 6 cords per acre. Where manure is used with potash, the rates of application are: manure, 4 cords; high-grade sulfate of potash, 160 pounds per acre. Manure alone is applied to plots 1 and 3; the lesser quantity of manure and high-grade sulfate of potash to plots 2 and 4. Estimating the manure alone as costing $5 per cord, applied to the land, the money difference in the cost of the materials applied is at the rate of $6.40 per acre, the manure and potash costing that amount. less than the larger quantity of manure alone. Mixed timothy, red-top and clover was sown in late summer in the standing corn of last year. The following tables show the rates of yield on the several plots and the averages under the two systems of manuring : — Yields per Acre, 1905 (Pounds). PLoTs. Hay. Rowen. Plot 1 (manure alone), . : : . : 3 : ; 6,720 1,840 Plot 2 (manure and potash), : : ¢ : ; ; 5,820 1,200 Plot 3 (manure alone), . . ; 5 A - : z 6,120 1,720 Plot 4 (manure and potash), : : ; “ i : 8,580 1,640 Average Yields per Acre (Pounds). PLoTs. | Hay. | Rowen, Plots land 3 (manure alone), . : ’ : ; i 6,420 1,780 Plots 2 and 4 (manure and potash), . ; : , ; | 7,200 1,420 It will be noticed that the average yield on the two plots receiving the smaller quantity of manure and potash is some- what greater than on the other two plots. Since this com- 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 141 bination (4 cords of manure and 160 pounds muriate of potash) costs $6.40 per acre less than the 6 cords of manure, the advantage is decisively in favor of the combination. VI. — EXPERIMENT IN THE APPLICATION OF MANURE. This experiment was begun in 1899, and is to be continued for a series of years. It is designed to throw light upon the question as to whether it is economically good policy to spread manure during the late fall and winter and allow it to remain on the surface until spring before plowing under. This method of application is compared with the plan of hauling manure from the stable to the field during the winter and putting it into large compact heaps, from which it is hauled and spread just before plowing in spring. The field in which this experiment is tried slopes moderately to the west. In further description I quote from the seventeenth annual report : — To insure even quality of the manure used in the two systems, it is our practice to manure two plots at one time, putting the loads of manure as hauled to the field alternately upon the two, in the one case spreading, but in the other putting a sufficient. number of loads to provide for the entire plot into one large heap. We are using in this experiment five large plots, each of which is subdivided into two subplots. For one of these subplots the manure is spread when hauled out, for the other it is put into a large heap. The area of these subplots is about one-quarter of an acre, and to each the amount of manure ap- plied is 11,096 pounds. The manure from well-fed milch cows is used upon eight subplots, and horse manure on two. The manure used in this experiment is applied at different dates during the winter, our practice being to allow the manure to accumulate in the pits from which it is taken until there is a sufficient quantity for at least two subplots. The condition of the soil at the time of application and the nature of the weather which follows must necessarily differ in the different experi- ments; and these differences, together with the difference in the dates of application above referred to, no doubt in a measure account for the variation in the results of the two systems noticed on the different plots. 142 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. The crop raised in this field last year was mixed corn and soy beans for ensilage. After the harvest of this crop the field was well harrowed and sown to rye. This crop, which was intended for cover, germinated but poorly and made only a feeble growth. The crop of 1905 was corn, —a number of different varieties received for comparison from the United States Department of Agriculture, and Sibley’s Pride of the North of our own growing. These varieties were so arranged that each plot and subplot had equal areas of each. The soil was thoroughly prepared by plowing and harrowing, and the seed was sown on May 19. Soil and seasonal conditions were favorable, and the growth was uninfluenced, so far as could be recognized, by accidental conditions. A number of varieties sown showed relatively low productive capacity, and the final yield was lower than is usual in this section on well-manured land of similar quality. The rates of yield per acre and the relative stand- ing of the several plots are shown in the following tables : — Corn and Stover.— Actual Yields (Rates per Acre). NortH HALF, WINTER SoutH Har, SPRING APPLICATION. APPLICATION. PLoTs. SS ee | | See Stover Hard Corn | Soft Corn Stover Hard Corn | Soft Corn (Pounds). | (Bushels). | (Bushels). || (Pounds). | (Bushels). | (Bushels). i A ; : 7,347 31.51 3.21 7,862 32.16 2.45 2, 2 : s 7,150 25.96 2.99 7,763 32.08 4.00 By 6,806 22.13 4.36 7,718 27.25 8.53 AS is . “ 7,447 24.44 3.06 8,309 29.20 2.85 5, , ; : 7,637 30.46 2.34 8,026 32.48 2.31 Corn and Stover. — Relative Yields (Per Cent.). io NortH HAF, WINTER SourH HALF, SPRING APPLICATION. APPLICATION. PLOTS. = = Stover. | Hard Corn. Stover. | Hard Corn, Leavy ; - ; ; . ; , 100 100 107.0 102.1 Zi «s F ; , , ; : F 100 100 108.6 128.6 8, ‘ ‘ ; > - , . 100 100 113.3 123.1 4, «@ ‘ ‘ ; ° , ; . 100 100 111.6 119.5 100 100 105.1 106.4 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 143 It will be noticed that in every instance spring manuring has given a larger yield both of stover and of hard corn than winter application. This result is in general agree- ment with those of earlier years, but the differences as indi- cated by the relative yields are comparatively small. The winter of 1904 and 1905 was characterized by uniform temperatures, fairly deep and continuous snow cover and absence of thaws. Such conditions are of course favorable to winter application, and the above-mentioned peculiarities of season perhaps account for the smaller relative differences in yield this year. The system of manuring designated as spring application involves, as will have been noticed by the reader, twice handling, while in winter application the manure 1s handled but once. Spring application, therefore, costs more than winter application. As the result of our experience, we estimate the money difference to amount to $4.80 per acre. The average difference in the value of crops this year in favor of spring application, estimating stover to be worth $5 per ton and the corn as husked 50 cents per bushel, amounts to only $3.49 per acre,—a sum insufficient to cover the increased cost of spring application. Even on Plot 3, where the difference in favor of spring application is greatest, the money difference in value of the crops on the same basis as before is only $4.81, which barely covers the increased cost of application. The results for this season, therefore, economically considered, indicate that spreading the manure as taken from the stable in the fall or winter is to be preferred. VIL. — EXPERIMENT IN MANURING GRass LAND. The plan of this experiment, which has continued now for thirteen years, will be made clear by quoting from the six- teenth annual report : — In this experiment, which has continued since 1893, the pur- pose is to test a system of using manures in rotation for the production of grass. The area used in the experiment is about 9 acres. It is divided into three approximately equal plots. The plan is to apply to each plot one year barnyard manure, 144 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. (Jan. the next year wood ashes, and the third year fine-ground bone and muriate of potash. As we have three plots, the system of manuring has been so arranged that every year we have a plot illustrating the results of each of the applications under trial. The rates at which the several manures are employed are as follows: barnyard manure, 8 tons; wood ashes, 1 ton; ground bone, 600 pounds; and muriate of potash, 200 pounds, per acre. The manure is always applied in the fall; ashes and the bone and potash in early spring. The past season has been rather unfavorable for the pro- duction of large yields of hay, as there was a considerable deficiency in both spring and summer rainfall. The yields of hay and rowen and the total yields for each system of manuring were at the following rates per acre : — Hay Rowen Totals RSI EEE ES CUD. (Pounds). | (Pounds). | (Pounds). Barnyard manure, . , : : : : : - 3,738 1,210 4,948 Bone and potash, . 7 : 5 : 4 3 : 3,326 1,249 4,575 Wood ashes, . : - : : 5 ; 3 é 3,816 1,047 4,863 The average yield of the entire area this year was 4,840 pounds per acre. The average yield of the entire area from 1893 to 1904, inclusive, has been 6,718 pounds per acre. The average yield from 1893 to 1905, inclusive, has been 6,479 pounds per acre. The average yields under the different systems of top-dressing have been as follows : — Pounds per Acre. When top-dressed with manure, : ; y . 6,866 When top-dressed with wood ashes, . : : » 6,193 When top-dressed with bone and potash, . : . 6,524 It will be noticed that the average yields of the entire area for this year are much below similar averages for the period. VIII. — Nirrate or Sopa ror Rowen. For the past five years we have been experimenting in one of our fields for the purpose of determining whether nitrate of soda applied soon after the first crop is cut will 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 145 give a profitable increase in the rowen crop. ‘The field where this experiment has been tried was seeded to pure timothy in the fall of 1897. The growth is now considerably mixed with clover, which has been gradually coming in. The whole field is uniformly fertilized for the first crop. The materials applied are usually put on in early spring at the following rates per acre : nitrate of soda, 150 pounds ; muri- ate of potash, 200 pounds; fine-ground bone, 400 pounds. This application usually gives us a good crop. The area of the field is a little more than 3 acres. The rate of yield in the first crop this year was 4,471 pounds of well-cured hay per acre. In this field eight equal plots, containing almost exactly 14 acre each, have been laid out. Alternate plots in the series of eight receive annually a top-dressing of nitrate of soda. For the past two years, in order that the nitrate may be more uniformly spread, we have mixed the quantity to be applied to each plot with sufficient basic slag meal to constitute an application at the rate of 400 pounds per acre. To equalize conditions on the alternate plots to which no nitrate is applied, the basic slag meal is applied to all of these at the same rate. The rates of application for the fertilizers on the several plots per acre and the yields are shown in the table :— Nitrate of Soda for Rowen. Visld Increase Plots. FERTILIZERS USED (RATES PER ACRE). (Pounds). | Pe Acre (Pounds). a Slag meal, 400 pounds, . : : : - : 975 ~ 2, Slag meal, 400 pounds; nitrate of soda, 150 1,127 228 pounds. 35 Slag meal, 400 pounds, . : j , . 5 822 ~ 4, Slag men, 400 pounds; nitrate of soda, 150 1,036 305 poun 5, sit ag meal, 400 pounds, . : 5 : : 3 640 ~ 6, Slag meal, 400 pounds; nitrate of soda, 200 1,340 486 pounds. Ls Slag meal, 400 pounds, . ; : 2 5 ; 1,067 ~ 8, Slag ao 400 pounds; nitrate of soda, 250 3,009 1,942 poun It will be noticed that the nitrate of soda wherever applied has given an increase in the crop. This increase is relatively small in all the plots except Plot 8, where it is at the rate of 146 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. nearly 1 ton peracre. During all the years that this experi- ment has been tried on this land it has been found that the yield on Plot 8 has been much the largest in the fall. True, this receives the heaviest application of nitrate, but it is not believed that the superiority in yield is entirely due to this difference. The moisture conditions are more favorable to growth during the late summer in this plot than in the others. During the five years that this experiment in the use of nitrate of soda for the rowen crop has been tried on this field, it has seemed to give increases sufficient to make the application profitable only in two trials; and, on the whole, the results of our experiments are not favorable to the conclusion that it will usually be found profitable to use nitrate of soda for the rowen crop. ‘The soil in this field is a strong and retentive loam. It is, of course, quite possible that on soils of different character the results of the use of nitrate for rowen will be more favorable. IX. — FERTILIZERS FOR GARDEN Crops. (FIELD C.) In this experiment the principal object in view is to study the effect of some of the standard fertilizing ma- terials upon the yield and quality of garden crops. During the earlier years of the experiment, 1891 to 1897 inclusive, fertilizers alone were applied to the land. It was then de- cided that, since market gardeners as a rule employ large quantities of manure, the value of the experiment to those engaged in that branch of agriculture would be increased by applying manure equally to all the plots, while still con- tinuing the application of fertilizers. During the earlier years of the experiment there were but six plots, on all of which fertilizers were used. With the change in system alluded to a seventh plot was introduced, and to all of the seven plots stable manure at the rate of 30 tons per acre has since been annually applied. It is intended that the seventh plot, on which manure alone is applied, shall serve as a basis of comparison with the others, in order that we may learn whether, and, if so, to what extent, any fertilizers prove beneficial. The seventh plot immediately adjoins the others, but previous to its inclusion in this experiment it 1906.] | PUBLIC DOCUMENT—No. 31. 147 had been manured somewhat differently. For the first few years the product on manure alone on this plot exceeded the product with equal manure and fertilizers on the other plots. This initial superiority is gradually disappearing, and the product of most of the crops where the fertilizers as well as manure are used now exceeds that upon the seventh plot, where manure only is used. It is possible that the seventh plot does not even yet serve as a fair basis for com- parison ; but the following crops on most of the plots, where fertilizers in addition to manure are used, have given yields sufficiently greater than those produced where manure alone is used to much more than pay for the cost of the fertilizers, viz.: asparagus, rhubarb, peas, squashes, tomatoes and table beets. It should be pointed out, however, that such increase was in most cases very small where sulfate of am- monia is one of the fertilizer materials used. Indeed, with asparagus the combination of manure and fertilizers contain- ing sulfate of ammonia gave a smaller yield than manure alone. With tomatoes the increased yield was mainly con- fined to green fruit. The fertilizers did not materially in- crease the yield of ripe fruit as compared with the yield obtained on manure alone. Some crops showed no increase at all on the plots where fertilizers were added to the manure. Among these were celery and turnips, while cabbages gave either no increase at all or one which was insignificant. Practically all important out-door garden crops have been grown in rotation upon each plot, and each crop during several years. The crops so far grown are as follows: spinach, lettuce, onions, garden peas, table beets, early and late cabbages, potatoes, tomatoes, squashes, cucumbers, turnips, sweet corn, celery and strawberries. One row each of asparagus and rhubarb was set in each plot in 1902. The first cuttings were made last year. As stated in my last annual report, these ‘‘ experiments have been planned with reference to throwing light especially upon two points: A. The relative value of nitrate of soda, sulfate of ammonia, and dried blood used as sources of nitrogen. &. The relative value of sulfate of potash and muriate of potash. These two points will be separately discussed.” 148 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. A.— The Relative Value of Nitrate of Soda, Sulfate of Ammonia and Dried Blood as Sources of Nitrogen. The three fertilizers under consideration have from the first been applied in such amounts as to furnish nitrogen at the rate of 60 pounds per acre to each plot. Each fertilizer is always applied to the same plot. To furnish 60 pounds of nitrogen, the application of the fertilizers at about the following rates per acre is required : — Pounds. Nitrate of soda, . : : : ; : : abe ie. Sulfate of ammonia, . ; : : : ; > OO Dried blood, ‘ 2 : F ; : : ‘17 650 Each of these fertilizers is used on two plots, on one of which the source of the potash is the sulfate, on the other the muriate, in both cases in such quantities as to furnish equal actual potash. In addition to the nitrogen and potash fertilizers, dissolved boneblack is applied at the rate of 320 pounds per acre to all plots. The amount of actual potash applied is at the rate of 120 pounds per acre; the amount of actual phosphoric acid at the rate of 50.4 pounds per acre. The source of the potash used affects the results on some of the crops in a marked degree. This is especially the case where sulfate of ammonia is the source of nitrogen. The results obtained previous to this year may be summa- rized as follows : — For the early crops, 7.e., the crops making most of their growth before mid-summer, including onions, lettuce, table beets, garden peas, spinach, early cabbages and strawberries, the nitrate of soda has been found the most effective source of nitrogen.’ The relative standing of the different nitrogen fertilizers, as measured by the total yields, including leaves, vines and tops, as well as the marketable product, is as follows for the early crops : — Per Cent. Nitrate of soda, ‘ ; ' , . , » 100,00 Dried blood, . ; ; ; . ; ‘ ‘ 95.64 Sulfate of ammonia, : . . ‘ : 60.95 ' Sixteenth annual report, Hatch Experiment Station, p. 124. 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 149 For the late crops, including late cabbages, celery, toma- toes, turnips and squashes : — Per Cent, Nitrate of soda, 3 ; , ? j . 100.00 Dried blood, . : es p ‘ | . VOROS Sulfate of ammonia, ‘ . t ’ ; ‘ 78.74 The relative average standing of the sulfate and muriate of potash, as indicated by the total yield of all crops grown in Field C previous to this year, is shown in the following table : — Early Crops Late Crops ems Ee | (Per Cent.). (Per Cent.). Sulfate of potash, . a ‘ : ; , : ‘ 100.00 98.32 Muriate of potash, x : 3 < : , 5 94.04. 100.00 For the past year the relative standing of the nitrogen fertilizers for the early crops, including asparagus, rhubarb, strawberries, peas and table beets, is as follows : — Per Cent. Nitrate of soda, 2 4 ; : k ? «."- 100.00 Dried blood, . : : : : : ; eee Oak Sulfate of ammonia, E : : : . x 92.83 For the late crops, including cabbages, celery, tomatoes, turnips and squashes, the relative standing is : — Per Cent. Nitrate of soda, ; : 2 , ; : s26:100-00 Dried blood, . : : ; ‘ : z eS ery Sulfate of ammonia, : : * : ; y GOLD Combining the results for 1905 with the fourteen previous years, the relative standing of the nitrogen fertilizers is : — For the early crops : — Per Cent. Nitrate of soda,. . F _ : , ; = 100.00 Dried blood, . : ‘ : ’ ; ; 5 95.67 Sulfate of ammonia, ; ; : ; ; c= 63:08 For the late crops : — Per Cent. Nitrate of soda, s ; ; : : : . 100.00 Dried blood, . . : : : ‘ ; ee Ore Sulfate of ammonia, f : : Z 5 : 79.52 150 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. The relative standing of the potash salts for the present year is : — For the early crops : — 5 Per Cent. Sulfate of potash, . : ; , ; ; , 96.52 Muriate of potash, . ; : : ; ; . 100.00 For the late crops : — Per Cent. Sulfate of potash, . ; ‘ ‘ : : -~ (92:08 Muriate of potash, . : : ; : j - 100.00 Combining the relative standing of the potash salts for 1905 with the figures indicating relative standing for the fourteen previous years, the relative standing is : — For the early crops : — Per Cent. Sulfate of potash, . : ; : - ; » £00.00 Muriate of potash, . : malo : : - 94.66 For the late crops : — Per Cent. Sulfate of potash, . ; : : ; ; ot ae 0 Muriate of potash, . ; , , : - 100.00 The results of the experiments for this year will not be reported in detail. The following points are worthy of mention : — 1. Nitrate of soda appears to be the best source of nitrogen for asparagus, table beets, cabbages and squashes. 2. Dried blood as the source of nitrogen has given the largest crops in the case of strawberries, peas, tomatoes and celery. 3. Sulfate of potash as the source of potash seems to be superior for asparagus, peas, beets and cabbages. 4. Muriate of potash gives results superior to those ob- tained with the sulfate for rhubarb, strawberries, squashes, tomatoes and celery. 5. Sulfate of ammonia for practically all crops appears to have been the poorest material used as a source of nitrogen. 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT—No. 31. 151 a =— ALFALFA, Our experiments with alfalfa have been continued both upon our own grounds and those of a few selected farms in different parts of the State. We are bringing to bear upon these experiments information in regard to successful methods from every possible source. We find in all cases a distinct benefit from a heavy initial application of lime. We have used from 2,000 to 3,000 pounds per acre. We are enriching soils already naturally good by heavy applica- tions both of manures and fertilizers, using materials which experience has proved best. We are also giving the soil a most thorough preparatory tillage. It has usually been fall-plowed, and in addition it is plowed in the spring, and repeatedly harrowed to destroy weeds which start in the early part of the season. We have tried inoculating the soil both with earth obtained from a field in New York, where alfalfa is successfully grown, and with the cultures sent out by the Department of Agriculture and prepared by private firms. We have not attained such degree of success as justifies us in recommending the crop. We have occa- sionally got a fair stand of alfalfa, but in all cases the winters prove more or less injurious. In the course of a few years the alfalfa is mostly crowded out by grasses and clovers. The alfalfa almost every year suffers from leaf spot, which tends to cut down the yield. We have found a very distinct benefit from the inoculation with earth from the New York alfalfa field. We have not found an equally distinct benefit to follow inoculation with any of the cultures; and, although we are not as yet ready to make a final report, it should be here remarked that the most careful experiments on the use of these cultures in sterilized soils, under conditions calculated to give accurate results, indicate that they have little if any value. In our various experiments alfalfa has been tried on a wide variety of soils. We have had a quarter of an acre field upon a coarse-textured soil upon a farm in this neighbor- hood where there is never any standing water within 50 to 60 feet of the surface. Even on this soil the alfalfa, 152 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. although it did fairly well for a year, has been injured by successive winters, until it is at the present time almost ruined. In this connection I call attention further to the fact that Mr. D. 8. Bliss of the Department of Agriculture, who has been making special efforts to promote the introduction of alfalfa into New England, and who has travelled extensively for the purpose of studying the results obtained, now speaks very discouragingly as to the outlook in general. In conclusion, while we are not inclined to discourage experiments with alfalfa, we do wish most emphatically to caution against engaging in these experiments upon an extended scale, for we feel that disappointment is almost inevitable. XI. — Pouttrry EXPERIMENTS. Our work with poultry during the past year has had the same general purpose in view as in former years, namely, to throw light on the question of the proper selection of feeds for laying fowls. The fowls used in the experiments were pullets of our own raising, and matched flocks have been kept, as in former years, each in a house by itself, all the houses being of precisely similar dimensions and con- struction. 1. The two flocks in houses Nos. 1 and 2 have been fed on rations characterized by high content both of ash and fat and low fiber. The deficiency of wheat in fat as compared with corn is made up in the ration fed to the fowls in House No. 1 by the use of corn oil, the total amount of fat in the foods used being substantially the same for the two rations. This experiment, therefore, in a general way affords oppor- tunity to test the relative value for egg production of wheat and corn. The ration fed the fowls in House No. 1 contains a relatively high percentage of protein, and has a narrow nutritive ratio. The ration used in House No. 2 contains a relatively low percentage of protein, and has a wide nutri- tive ratio. The animal food used in both these rations was beef scraps. The following results were obtained: for the first period, March 2 to May 12, inclusive, the wheat ration produced eggs at the average rate of .39 per hen day, the 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 153 corn ration at the rate of .45 per hen day; in other words, 100 hens would have laid 39 eggs per day on the wheat ration and 45 eggs per day on the corn ration. For the second period, May 13 to September 23, inclusive, the wheat ration produced an average of .381 eggs per hen day, the corn ration at the rate of .41 eggs per hen day; in other words, during the summer period 100 hens would have laid 31 eggs per day on the wheat ration and 41 eggs per day on the corn ration. The average food cost per egg produced was: for the wheat ration 1.036 cents, for the corn ration .749 cents, for the first period; while for the second period the cost per egg on the wheat ration was .895 cents and for the corn ration .703. The gross cost of the food on the wheat ration varied from about .26 cents to .37 cents per day for each fowl; while on the corn ration the cost varied from .27 cents to .30 cents per day. The number of eggs on the corn ration was considerably greater than on the other, and the cost per egg was much smaller. This result is in agree- ment with the results of most of the similar experiments which we have tried in earlier years. We are certainly justified in the conclusion that corn has superior merits for ego production as compared with wheat. 2. The rations fed to the fowls in pens Nos. 3 and 4 were characterized by relatively high ash and low fiber content. Milk albumen was used as the source of animal food on account of the low percentage of fat it contains; and the rations fed to the fowls in both of these pens were character- ized by much lower fat content than the rations fed to the fowls in pens Nos. 1 and 2. As in the first set of compari- sons, the fat content of the two rations used in pens Nos. 3 and 4 was equalized by the addition of corn oil to the one naturally lower in fat. In this experiment, as in the first, wheat was the leading whole grain in the ration fed to the fowls in one house (No. 3) ; corn the leading whole grain used in the other house (No. 4). The results with the fowls in these houses, like the results obtained in houses Nos. 1 and 2, afford a basis for estimating the relative value of wheat and corn, but with a relatively low percentage of fat in both. The egg product in this experiment was as fol- 154 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. lows: for the first period, March 3 to May 12, inclusive, the wheat ration produced eggs at the average rate of .41 per hen day, the corn ration .39 per hen day; or, in other words, 100 hens would have laid on the wheat ration 41 eggs, on the corn ration 39 eggs, per day. For the second period, May 13 to September 23, inclusive, the wheat ration gave an average of .35 eggs per hen day, the corn ration .31 ; or, in other words, respectively for the wheat ration, an average of 35 eggs per hundred hens daily, and for the corn an average of 31 eggs. The food cost of the eggs in this experiment was as follows: for the wheat ration during the summer period, .845 cents per egg; for the spring period, 1 cent per egg. For the corn ration, the food cost per egg was .871 cents for the summer period; .942 cents for the spring period. The cost of food per hen daily on the wheat ration varied from .273 to .872 cents; for the corn ration, from .248 to .333 cents. In this experiment the wheat ra- tion gave a somewhat better egg yield than corn, but at a higher average cost per egg. The experiment indicates, therefore, that, unless the fat content of the ration is rela- tively high, the more starchy foods are not sufficient to produce a satisfactory egg yield, and the product falls below that obtained from feeding a ration higher in protein. 3. The fowls in houses Nos. 5 and 6 were fed rations in both cases characterized by low protein, high ash and high fat content, the deficiency of fat in the grains selected being made up by the use of corn oil. The fowls in Pen No. 5 were fed grains, including oats and oat feed, characterized by a high proportion of fiber. Those in Pen No. 6 were fed grains among which rice was prominent, characterized by a low percentage of fiber. The experiment in these houses, then, was calculated to throw light upon the influ- ence of fiber on ege production, the nutritive ratio in the two houses being substantially the same, — about 1 to 6.5. In these houses beef scraps was the animal food used. The results were as follows: For the period March 2 to May 12, inclusive, the egg production was: for the oat ration (high fiber) .40 eggs per hen day, for the rice ration (low fiber) .42 eggs per hen day; or, in other words, from 100 hens 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 381. 155 daily respectively 40 and 42 eggs. For the second period, May 13 to September 23, inclusive, the averages were: on the oat ration .38 eggs per hen day, on the rice ration .46 egos per hen day; or, from 100 hens daily respectively 38 and 46 eggs. The food cost of the eggs has been as follows : for the oat ration during the first period 1.019 cents, for the second period .935 cents; for the rice ration for the first period 1.103 cents, for the second period 1.048 cents. The cost of food per hen per day has varied for the oat ration from .d2 to .40 cents; for the rice ration from .412 cents to .423 cents per day. ‘The rice ration, as last year, has given a very satisfactory yield of eggs, but, as was then stated, its high price at the present time renders it poor economy to use it. Weare employing it in these experiments because it contains less fiber than any other grain, and we are trying to throw light upon the influence of fiber in egg production. The indication this year, as last, is very clear that this influ- ence is unfavorable. The nutritive ratios in the food combinations used in the different experiments of the past year have been as follows: for the rations where wheat is compared with corn with beef scraps for animal food and high fat content, — for the wheat ration, between 1 to 4.57 and 4.26; for the corn ration, between 1 to 6.69 and 5.81; for the experiment in which wheat is compared with corn with milk albumen and beef scraps for animal food, — for the wheat ration, between 1 to 4.03 and 4.54; for the corn ration, 1 to 5.63 and 5.84; in the experiment in which oats and rice have been compared with high fat content, — for the oats, between 1 to 5.88 and 6.49; for the rice, between 1 to 5.84 and 6.53. Our experiments clearly do not support the view that a narrow nutritive ratio is essential to good egg production. 156 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. | [Jan. REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST. F. A. WAUGH. The work of the division of horticulture for the past year has followed the lines announced in previous reports. It has been concerned chiefly with the propagation of plants, more especially dwarf fruit trees, with problems in pruning, and with the systematic study of varieties. During the year some interesting experiments in the growing of mushrooms have been under way. There follows herewith a report of progress in the experiments in pruning peach trees of bearing age. Pruning Peacn TREES. A year ago this department made a report on experiments in pruning peach trees. Another year has thrown new evidence on the problems involved, so it seems best to take up the subject again. In the mean time the trees have borne a considerable crop of fruit, and their behavior under this load has been particularly interesting. Last year’s report dealt with various problems, one of which was the practice of pruning frozen peach trees to help their recovery. Briefly stated, the experiment comprised four methods of treatment, as follows: (@) no pruning; (0) moderate pruning; (c) severe heading back; (d) cutting back to stubs, or ‘‘dehorning.” The results of these various methods of pruning, as developed up to the time of making last year’s report (December, 1904), showed that moderate pruning was to be preferred. It may be said at once that this general conclusion stands without much modification, though the severely pruned trees made a relatively better showing under the stress of a good crop of fruit. ' Hatch Experiment Station, seventeenth annual report, p. 162 (1905). 1906.) PUBLIC DOCUMENT—No. 31. 157 Perhaps the fact most obviously developed by the year’s experience is that the trees were more severely injured by the freezes of 1902-03 and 1903-04 than had been supposed. From week to week one tree after another broke down or split down or lost large branches, through the stress of winds or growing fruit crop. As each successive tree broke down, it was plainly to be seen that the wood had been seriously injured by freezing, and that it had not recovered. Though the tree kept on growing, adding fresh and healthy outer layers of wood, the interior was dead and decaying. In many cases this decay was serious, and had extended through considerable areas,of tissue. Many fungi (mostly sapro- phytes such as feed on dead wood) had gained a foothold, and seemed to be out-thriving the peach trees. These evidences of decay, especially the larger fungi (polypori, etc.), were most conspicuous on the ‘‘ dehorned” trees. A few of these trees have finally succumbed during the summer of 1905, and it is now plainer than it was a year ago that this method of treating severely frozen peach trees is not to be recommended. An additional drawback lay in the fact that the trees bore little or no fruit in 1905, while all the other trees in the experiment bore a good crop. Perhaps a word of explanation should be added to this statement of the case. This method of pruning peach trees back to mere stubs has its uses, as in renewing the head _ when a tree is to be rebudded to a new variety. It can be successfully carried out, but only on vigorous and compara- tively young trees. Trees weakened by freezing are pre- cisely the ones which cannot respond to such vigorous treatment. ; Coming next to the trees severely headed back (from which practically all the one-year-old wood was removed in the spring of 1905), we find conditions much better. There are some manifest evidences of the injury received during the freezes of two and three winters ago, some broken limbs and some growth of saprophytic fungi: but the trees show strong, sturdy tops, with a very satisfactory annual growth for 1905. The trees bore a good crop of fruit in 1905, and are in the best condition of any in the orchard for carrying 158 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. another crop in 1906. While trees severely headed back recovered less readily from the effects of freezing, those which finally bore the crop made distinctly better growth for the pruning. The trees lightly pruned were cut back only a part of the previous year’s annual growth, — from one-third to one-half. The largest percentage of recovery was shown by these trees, and they bore slightly larger crops of fruit in 1905 than any of the others. On the other hand, there appeared to be more breakage of large branches, the heads are left in less satis- factory form than on trees severely headed back, and the pros- pect for carrying a good crop in 1906 seems to be slightly less. The trees left without pruning are now distinctly the poorest in the orchard, with the exception only of those that were ‘‘dehorned.” The percentage of loss was high, the crop of 1905 was inferior to that on the pruned trees, and the present condition of these trees is unsatisfactory. As the result of this experiment, the following practice would seem to be indicated : — 1. Prune peach trees moderately, removing not more than one-third to one-half the previous year’s annual growth, when the wood has been injured by freezing. 2. When only the fruit buds are killed, the wood being uninjured and the trees in good condition, prune severely, cutting back the annual growth to two or three buds. It may be expedient to cut some branches back even into two or three year old wood. 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 159 REPORT OF THE CHEMIST. DIVISION OF FERTILIZERS AND FERTILIZER MATERIALS.! CHARLES A. GOESSMANN. Assistants: HENRI D. HASKINS, EDWARD G. PROULX, E. T. LADD. Part I.— Report on Official Inspection of Commercial Fer- tilizers. Part IJ.— Report on General Work in the Chemical Lab- oratory. Part I.— REPORT ON OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS DURING THE SEASON OF 1905. CHARLES A. GOESSMANN. The total number of manufacturers, importers and dealers in commercial fertilizers and agricultural chemicals who have secured licenses during the past season is 64; of these, 36 have offices for the general distribution of their goods in Massachusetts, 9 in New York, 6 in Connecticut, 3 in Ver- mont, 2 in Ohio, 1 in Rhode Island, 1 in Maryland, 1 in Tennessee, 1 in Arkansas, 1 in Missouri, 1 in Canada, 1 in New Jersey and 1 in Pennsylvania. 1 See also tables in Appendix. 160 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. Three hundred and twenty-six brands of fertilizers and agricultural chemicals have been licensed in Massachusetts during the year. Five hundred and seventy-four samples of fertilizers have been collected up to the present time, in our general markets, by experienced assistants in the station. Five hundred and eleven samples had been analyzed at the beginning of December, 1905, representing 313 distinct brands of fertilizers. These analyses were published in two bulletins of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachu- setts Agricultural College: No. 104, July ; No. 107, Novem- ber, 1905. The analyses of other officially collected samples of fertilizers not included in these two bulletins will be pub- lished in our next bulletin, in March, 1906. About the same number of fertilizers were licensed in Massachusetts during the year as in 1904. The results of our inspection work show 18 more samples analyzed during the season than for the previous year. The following table gives a brief abstract of the results of analyses of the official commercial fertilizers in comparison with the year previous : — 1904. | 1905. (a) Where three essential elements of plant food were guaranteed : — Number with three elements equal to or above the highest guarantee, . 7 3 Number with two elements above the highest guarantee, ‘ - : 32 16 Number with one element above the highest guarantee, . - é ; 111 83 Number with three elements between the lowest and highest guarantee, 190 203 Number with two elements between the lowest and highest guarantee, 146 138 Number with one element between the lowest and highest guarantee, . 48 38 Number with three elements below the lowest guarantee, . ; . | none i Number with two elements below the lowest guarantee, . - : F 12 25 Number with one element below the lowest guarantee, . 5 ‘ ; 103 92 (b) Where two essential elements of plant food were guaranteed : — Number with two elements above the highest guarantee, . ; ; 8 3 Number with one element above the highest guarantee, . : ; 16 29 Number with two elements between the lowest and highest guar: ines: 20 13 Number with one element between the lowest and highest guarantee, . 19 23 Number with two elements below the lowest guarantee, . : - ‘ 1 5 Number with one element below the lowest guarantee, . - : - 15 21 (c) Where one essential element of plant food was guaranteed : — Number above the highest guarantee, . F , , . : ; ° 16 4 Number between the lowest and highest guarantee, . ° : . . 24 5 Number below the lowest guarantee, . F : ; , ' , ; 18 19 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 161 From the above table it will be seen that the quality of the licensed fertilizers during the past year has not been up to the usual standard. Trade Values of Fertilizing Ingredients in Raw Materials and Chemicals, L904 and 1905 (Cents per Pound). 1904. | 19905. Nitrogen in ammonia salts, . : : - A : ; a A a elo) || Weis) Nitrogen in nitrates, . 16.00 | 17.00 Organic nitrogen in dry and fine- ground fish, meat, blood, and in high. grade mixed fertilizers, 3 ; -| 17.50 | 18.50 Organic nitrogen in fine bone and tankage , : ; : : -| 17.00 | 18.00 Organic nitrogen in coarse bone and i ae 5 ; . . A 2) | 200! |= 313.00 Phosphoric acid soluble in water, . ; : ; : : : 4.50 4.50 Phosphoric acid soluble in ammonium citrate, : : : - : 4.00 4.00 Phosphoric acid in fine-ground fish, bone and tankage, ¢ 4.00 4.00 Phosphoric acid in cotton-seed meal, castor pomace ‘and wood ashes, . 4.00 4.00 Phosphoric acid in coarse fish, bone and tankage, . 3-00 3.00 Phosphoric acid insoluble (in water paw in neutral citrate of ammonia) in mixed fertilizers, : : : ; : , 2.00 2.00 Potash as sulfate, free from chlorides, . 5 5 : ‘ ; : . 5.00 5.00 Potash as muriate (chloride), . - 5 : ql 5 3 : P F 4.25 4.25 Potash as carbonate, . : ¢ ‘ : - . : - 8.00 A comparison of the market cost of the three essential elements of plant food for 1905 with the previous year shows the only variation to be in the various forms of nitrogen compounds: nitrogen in the form of nitrates, and the higher grades of organic nitrogen, including nitrogen in high-grade mixed fertilizers, is a cent higher per pound ; while the medium and lower grades of organic nitrogen also show an increased cost of one-half cent per pound. All nitrogen compounds, with the exception of ammoniates, show somewhat of an increase in cost as compared with 1904. The above schedule of trade values was adopted by repre- sentatives of the Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Maine, Vermont and New Jersey experiment stations at a conference held during the month of March, 1905, and is based upon quotations in the fertilizer market in centers of distribution in New England, New York and New Jersey during the six months preceding March, 1905, and refers to the current market prices, in ton lots, of the leading stand- ard raw materials furnishing nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium oxide, and which go to make up our commercial fertilizers. 162 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. Table A, on the following page, gives the average com- position of licensed fertilizers for 1905; Table B gives a compilation of analyses showing the average percentages, as well as the maximum and minimum percentages, of the three essential elements of plant food found in the so-called special crop fertilizers put out by the different manufac- turers. This latter table shows how unsafe it is to be guided wholly by trade name when selecting a fertilizer for any special crop. Out of the several hundred fertilizers that are annually offered for sale in the general markets in Massa- chusetts, it becomes no easy matter for the farmer to select to meet his requirements in cases of the ready factory-mixed goods. No infallible rule can be laid down, as soil condi- tions vary so widely, and so much depends upon crop rota- tion. It is safe to say, however, that the higher-grade fertilizers are the most economical ones to buy. Those fer- tilizers should be purchased which furnish the most nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid in a suitable and available form for the same money. 163 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 1906.] 00°9% 99°0% 00°S% 96° €% TL’¥9 00°F9 OO SL 6L GI €T°0¢ 9Z°0¢ CP 6P 99°6P OFF €e"¢ 18’? 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[ Jan. 164 c0°8 FOL POOL 88°L 06°% P8°FL L9°¢ 06° 8L°OL 90°F PLT LZ-SL I¢°9 GO°S 0¢°SL oL°G PLT LOSI 80°8 06°9 89° TL 90°F PLT Lo°eL ‘SaNQOg aGauanay ANQ NI AGIXQ WAISSVLOg 69°8 oL°L 99°6 F§°L 09° OIL 10°8 80°S 98°6 89°8 OL°F 26°31 6o°L sg° é FL OL ya°9 8g° z FL’ 01 o8°L 89°F 8L°6 8g°8 OL*F 66°SL ; 5 - “‘SaNN0g agquanny{ ANQ NI aly eee en ENG ¥9°OL c0°OL cr OL LTIL £6°6 ¥6°8 68°6 Jaf ful ‘OBVIIAY 86°6 90°SL 98°¢ 08 °S1 60°9 00°ST 6&°8 ¥G°91 ¥0°S 66° 1 9L°P Fo" 91 09°L 88°01 GE°8 ¥G°91 = = E e a | E ‘SaNnO0g aauqnay aNO NI GIOV OINOHASOHY TVLOL, 18°& §&°& 69°S 60°S 6L°& 61°F 8F°S &0°S ‘QSVIOAY 9L°$ LLG 86°F L8°S 98°P7 98°8 00°S L8°S WMUNXV YT “SGNNOqd GHuYaNnn x, GINO NI NHSOULIN FL'8 L° OL LL°OT Ivil 16°6 LG*h 69° IL Teta ‘9.14810 fT *19Z1[Qaoy doar yooy * *JIZI[I}LIF OMOVQOT, * *TOZI[I.Aay 07BJOF : ‘IOZI[A9J UOMO ‘IOZI[AI} WOPIVS-JoyIvy]L ‘ : ‘IOZIMAey Ssvusly IOZI[IAIJ OUIA PUB IMI 4 ‘IOZI[QAI} WIND ‘MEZITILYAY JO INVN "(yuan Lad) GO6T 102K ay) sof ‘spunag doug yowody ‘suazyrysag ypriwaumuog fo sashjynup fo uoynpduog —*gq ATAVY, 1906.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 165 List of Manufacturers and Dealers who have secured Certificates for the Sale of Commercial Fertilizers in the State during the Past Year (May 1, 1905, to May 1, 1906), and the Brands licensed by Each. The American Agricultural Chemical Co., Boston, Mass. : — High-grade Fertilizer with Ten Per Cent. Potash. Grass and Lawn Top Dressing. Tobacco Starter and Grower. Fine-ground Bone. Dissolved Bone-black. Muriate of Potash. Double Manure Salt. High-grade Sulfate of Potash. Nitrate of Soda. Dry Ground Fish. Plain Superphosphate. Sulfate of Ammonia. Kainit. Dried Blood. Fine-ground Tankage. Ground South Carolina Phosphate. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. (Bradley Fertilizer Co., branch), Bos- ton, Mass.:— Bradley’s Complete Manure for Pota- toes and Vegetables. Bradley’s Complete Manure for Corn and Grain. Bradley’s Complete Manure with Ten Per Cent. Potash. Bradley’s Complete Manure for Top- dressing Grass and Grain. Bradley’s X L Superphosphate. Bradley’s Potato Manure. Bradley’s Potato Fertilizer. Bradley’s Corn Phosphate. Bradley’s Eclipse Phosphate. Bradley’s Niagara Phosphate. Bradley’s English Lawn Fertilizer. Bradley’s Columbia Fish and Potash. Bradley’s Abattoir Bone Dust. Church’s Fish and Potash. The American Agricultura! Chemical Co. (H. J. Baker & Bro., branch), New York, N. Y.:— Baker’s A A Ammoniated Superphos- phate. Baker’s Complete Potato Manure. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. (Clark’s Cove Fertilizer Co., branch), Boston, Mass. : — Clark’s Cove Bay State Fertilizer. Clark’s Cove Bay State Fertilizer, G. G. Clark’s Cove Great Planet Manure. Clark’s Cove Potato Manure. Clark’s Cove Potato Fertilizer. Clark’s Cove King Philip Guano. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. (Crocker Fertilizer and Chemical Co., branch), Buffalo, N. Y.:— Crocker’s Potato, Hop and Tobacco Phosphate. Crocker’s Corn Phosphate. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. (Cumberland Bone Phosphate Co., branch), Boston, Mass. : — Cumberland Superphosphate. Cumberland Potato Fertilizer. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. (L. B. Darling Fertilizer Co., branch), Pawtucket, R. 1.: — Darling’s Blood, Bone and Potash. Darling’s Complete Ten Per Cent. Manure. Darling’s Potato Manure. Darling’s Farm Favorite. Darling’s Potato and Root Crop Manure. Darling’s General Favorite. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. (Great Eastern Fertilizer Co., branch), Rutland, Vt.:— Great Eastern Garden Special. Great Eastern Vegetable, Vine and Tobacco. Great Eastern Northern Corn Speeial. Great Eastern General Fertilizer. Great Eastern Grass and Oats Ferti- lizer. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. (Pacific Guano Co., branch), Boston, Mass. : — Pacific High-grade General. Pacific Potato Special. Soluble Pacific Guano. Pacific Nobsque Guano. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. (Packers’ Union Fertilizer Co., branch), Rutland, Vt.:— Packers’ Union Universal Fertilizer. Packers’ Union Potato Manure. Packers’ Union Animal Corn Ferti- lizer. Packers’ Union Gardener’s Complete Manure. Packers’ Union Wheat, Oats and Clover Fertilizer. 166 The American Agricultural Chemical Co. (Quinnipiac Co., branch), Boston, Mass. :— Quinnipiac Market-garden Manure. Quinnipiac Phosphate. Quinnipiac Potato Manure. Quinnipiac Potato Phosphate. Quinnipiac Corn Manure. Quinnipiac Climax Phosphate. Quinnipiac Onion Manure. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. (Read Fertilizer Co., branch), New York, N. Y.:— Read’s Practical Potato Speciai. Read’s Farmers’ Friend. Read’s Standard. Read’s High-grade Farmers’ Friend. Read’s Vegetable and Vine. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. (Standard Fertilizer Co., branch), Bos- ton, Mass. :— Standard Complete Manure. Standard Fertilizer. Standard Special for Potatoes. Standard Guano. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. (Henry F. Tucker Co., branch), Boston, Mass. :— Tucker’s Original Bay State Bone Superphosphate. Tucker’s Special Potato Fertilizer. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. (Williams & Clark Fertilizer Co., branch), Boston, Mass. :— Williams & Clark’s High-grade Spe- , cial. Williams & Clark’s Americus Phos- phate. Williams & Clark’s Potato Phosphate. Williams & Clark’s Potato Manure. Williams & Clark’s Corn Phosphate. Williams & Clark’s Royal Bone Phos- phate. Williams & Clark’s Prolific Crop Pro- ducer. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. (M. E. Wheeler & Co., branch), Rut- land, Vt.:— Wheeler’s Bermuda Onion Grower. W heeler’s Potato Manure. Wheeler’s Hayana Tobacco Grower. Wheeler’s Corn Fertilizer. Wheeler’s Grass and Oats Fertilizer. W.H. Abbott, Holyoke, Mass.:-— Abbott’s Animal Fertilizer. Abbott’s Eagle Brand. Abbott’s Tobacco Fertilizer. HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. The American Cotton Oil Co., New York, N. Y.:— Cotton-seed Meal. Cotton-seed Hull Ashes. The American Linseed Co., New York, N. Y.:— Cleveland Flax Meal. Armour Fertilizer Works, Md. : — Armour’s Grain Grower. Armour’s Blood, Bone and Potash. Armour’s High-grade Potato. Armour’s All Soluble. Armour’s Ammoniated Bone with Potash. Armour’s Bone Meal. Armour’s Complete Potato. Armour’s Corn King. Armour’s Market-garden Fertilizer. Baltimore, H. J. Baker & Bro., New York, N. Y.:— Castor Pomace. Beach Soap Co., Lawrence, Mass. : — Beach’s Advance Fertilizer. Beach’s Reliance Fertilizer. Berkshire Fertilizer Co., Bridgeport, Conn. : — Complete Fertilizer. Potato and Vegetable Phosphate. Ammoniated Bone Phosphate. Joseph Breck & Sons, Boston, Mass. : — Breck’s Lawn and Garden Dressing. Breck’s Market-garden Manure. Bowker Fertilizer Co., Boston, Mass. : — Stockbridge Special Manures. Bowker’s Hill and Drill Phosphate. Bowker’s Farm and Garden Phos- phate. Bowker’s Lawn and Garden Dressing. Bowker’s Potato and Vegetable Fer- tilizer. Bowker’s Fish and Potash (Square Brand). Bowker’s Potato and Vegetable Phos- phate. Bowker’s Sure Crop Phosphate. Gloucester Fish and Potash. Bowker’s High-grade Fertilizer. Bowker’s Bone and Wood Ash Ferti- lizer. Bowker’s Fish srand). Bowker’s Corn Phosphate. Bowker’s Blood, Bone and Potash. Bowker’s Karly Potato Manure. 3owker’s Bristol Fish and Potash. Bowker’s Fine-ground Dry Fish. and Potash (‘*D” 1906. ] Bowker Fertilizer Co., Boston, Mass. — Con. Bowker’s Tobacco Ash Elements. Bowker’s Wood Ashes. Bowker’s Ground Bone. Bowker’s Superphosphate. Sulfate of Ammonia. Nitrate of Soda. Dissolved Bone-black. Muriate of Potash. Sulfate of Potash. Dried Blood. Bowker’s Soluble Animal Fertilizer. Bowker’s Tobacco Starter. Bowker’s Tobacco Ash Fertilizer. Bowker’s Market-garden Fertilizer. Bowker’s Potash Bone. | Bowker’s Ten Per Cent. Manure. Kainit. Bowker’s Complete Mixture. Bowker’s Ammoniated Food for Flowers. Double Manure Salt. Bowker’s Tankage. Bowker’s Clover Brand Bone and Wood Ash. Bowker’s Flour of Bone. Bowker’s Market Bone. Bowker’s Ground Phosphate Rock. Bowker’s Ammoniated Dissolved Bone. Bowker’s Square Brand Bone and Potash. Bowker’s Potash phate. Bowker’s Special Fertilizer for Seed- ing Down. or Staple Phos- F. W. Brode & Co., Memphis, Tenn. :— Owl Brand Pure Cotton-seed Meal. T. H. Bunch, Little Rock, Ark. :— Cotton-seed Meal. Charles M. Cox & Co., Boston, Mass. : — Cotton-seed Meal. Chicopee Rendering Co., Mass. :— Lawn and Garden Dressing Vegetable and Potato Fertilizer. Springfield, #. Frank Coe Co., New York, N. Y.:— E. Frank Coe’s High-grade Ammo- niated Bone Superphosphate. EK. Frank Coe’s Gold Brand Excel- sior Guano. E. Frank Coe’s Excelsior Potato Fer- tilizer. E. Frank Coe’s Tobacco and Onion Fertilizer. E. Frank Coe’s Columbian Corn Fer- tilizer, PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 167 E. Frank Coe Co., New York, N. Y.— Con. E. Frank Coe’s Columbian Potato Fertilizer. E. Frank Coe’s New Englander Potato Fertilizer. E. Frank Coe’s New Englander Corn Fertilizer. E. Frank Coe’s X X X Pure Ground Bone. E. Frank Coe’s F. P. Fish and Potash, E. Frank Coe’s Red Brand Excelsior Guano. EK. Frank Coe’s Celebrated Special Potato. E. Frank Coe’s Grass and Grain Spe- cial, E. Frank Coe’s X X X Ammoniated Bone Phosphate. E. Frank Coe’s Muriate of Potash. E. Frank Coe’s Nitrate of Soda. John C. Dow & Co., Boston, Mass. :— Dow’s Pure Ground Bone. The Eureka Liquid Fertilizer Co., Boston, Mass. : — Eureka Liquid Fertilizer. William E. Fyfe & Co., Clinton, Mass. : — Hard Wood Canada Ashes. R. & J. Farquhar & Co., Boston, Mass. : — Clay’s London Fertilizer. C. W. Hastings, Ashmont, Mass. : — Ferti Flora. Thomas Hersom & Co., New Bedford, Mass. :— Bone Meal. Meat and Bone. Hunter Brothers Milling Co., St. Louis, Mo.:— Prime Cotton-seed Meal. John Joynt, Lucknow, Ont., Can.:— Joynt Brand Hard-wood Ashes. A. Klipstein & Co., New York, N. Y.: — Carbonate of Potash. Lister’s Agricultural Chemical Works, Newark, N. J.:— Lister’s Success Fertilizer. Lister’s Special Corn Fertilizer. Lister’s Special Potato Fertilizer. Lister’s Potato Manure. Lister’s High-grade Special for Spring Crops. Lister’s Oneida Special. Lister’s Animal Bone and Potash. 168 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. Swift's Lowell Fertilizer Co., Boston, | National Fertilizer Co., Bridgeport, Mass. :— Conn. — Con. Swift’s Lowell Bone Fertilizer. Swift’s Lowell Potato Phosphate. Swift’s Lowell Dissolved Bone and Potash. Swift’s Lowell Animal Brand. Swift's Lowell Market-garden Manure. Swift’s Lowell Potato Manure. Swift’s Lowell Empress Brand. Swift’s Lowell Superior Fertilizer. Swift’s Lowell Special Grass Mixture. Swift’s Lowell Lawn Dregsing. Swift’s Lowell Perfect Tobacco Grower. Swift’s Lowell Ground Bone. Swift’s Lowell Special Vegetable Manure. : Acid Phosphate. Nitrate of Soda. Muriate of Potash. Tankage. George E. Marsh & Co., Lynn, Mass. : — Pure Bone Meal. D. M. Moulton, Monson, Mass.: Ground Bone. Mapes Formula and Peruvian Guano Co., New York, N. Y.:— Mapes’ Potato Manure. Mapes’ Tobacco Starter Improved. Mapes’ Tobacco Manure (Wrapper Brand). Mapes’ Economical Potato Manure. Mapes’ Average Soil Complete Ma- nure. Mapes’ Vegetable Manure or Complete Manure for Light Soils. Mapes’ Corn Manure. Mapes’ Complete Manure (“‘A” Brand). Mapes’ Cereal Brand. Mapes’ Complete Manure Ten Per Cent. Potash. Mapes’ Top-dresser Improved, Half Strength. Mapes’ Tobacco Ash Constituents. Mapes’ Grass and Grain Spring Top- dressing. Mapes’ Fruit and Vine Manure. Mapes’ Cauliflower and Cabbage Ma- nure. National Fertilizer Co., Bridgeport, Conn.:— Chittenden’s Complete Fertilizer. Chittenden’s High-grade Special To- bacco. Chittenden’s Market Garden. Chittenden’s Potato Phosphate. Chittenden’s Ammoniated Bone. Chittenden’s Fish and Potash. Chittenden’s X X X Fish and Potash. Chittenden’s Formula “ A.” New England Fertilizer Co., Boston, Mass. : — New England Corn Phosphate. New England Potato Fertilizer. New England Superphosphate. New England High-grade Potato Fer- tilizer. Olds & Whipple, Hartford, Conn. : — Cemplete Tobacco Fertilizer. Vegetable Potash. R. T. Prentiss, Holyoke, Mass. : — Prentiss Complete Fertilizers. Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co., Pea- body, Mass. : — Plymouth Rock Brand. Special Fertilizer for Strawberries. Special Potato Fertilizer. Nitrate of Soda. A. A. Brand Fertilizer. P. & P. Potato Fertilizer. Pure Ground Bone. Lawn Dressing. P. & P. Grain Grower. Star Brand Superphosphate. Rogers & Hubbard Co., Middletown, Conn. :— Hubbard’s Oats and Top-dressing. Hubbard’s Grass and Grain. Hubbard’s Soluble Corn. Hubbard’s Soluble Potato. Hubbard’s Soluble Tobacco. Hubbard’s All Soils and All Crops. Hubbard’s Corn Phosphate. Hubbard’s Potato Phosphate. Hubbard’s Market-garden Phosphate. Hubbard’s Raw Knuckle Bone Flour. Hubbard’s Strictly Pure Fine Bone. Rogers Manufacturing Co., Rockfall, Conn. : — All Round Fertilizer. Complete Potato and Vegetable Fer- tilizer. High-grade Complete Corn and Onion. Fish and Potash. High-grade Tobacco and Potato. High-grade Oats and Top-dressing. High-grade Grass and Grain. High-grade Soluble Tobacco. Pure Knuckle Bone. Ross Bros., Worcester, Mass. :— Ross Brothers’ Lawn Dressing. 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 189 N. Roy & Son, South Attleborough, The Smith Agricultural Chemical Co., Mass. : — Columbus, O. (Hardy Packing Co., Complete Animal Fertilizer. Russia Cement Co., Gloucester, Mass. :— Essex Dry Ground Fish. Essex Complete Manure for Potatoes, Roots and Vegetables. Essex Complete Manure for Corn, Grain and Grass. Essex Market-garden and Potato Manure. Essex Corn Fertilizer. Essex A I Superphosphate. Essex X X X Fish and Potash. Essex Odorless Lawn Dressing. Essex Tobacco Starter. Essex Special Tobacco Manure. Essex Rhode Island Special. Essex Grass and Top-dressing. Essex Nitrate of Soda. Sanderson’s Fertilizer and Chemical Co., New Haven, Conn.: — Sanderson’s Formula “ A’’. Sanderson’s Formula ‘“‘ B’”’. Sanderson’s Potato Manure. Sanderson’s Corn Superphosphate. Sanderson’s Fine-ground Fish. Sanderson’s Sulfate of Potash. Walker’s Complete Phosphate. Walker’s Complete Fertilizer. Walker’s High-grade Fertilizer. Niantic Bone, Fish and Potash. Old Reliable Superphosphate. The Smith Agricultural Chemical Co., Columbus, O. (Abbott & Martin Ken- dering Co., branch) :— Harvest King. Tobacco and Potato Special. branch) :— Tankage Bone and Potash. Tobacco and Potato Special. M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Limited, Phil- adelphia, Pa.:— Swift Sure Superphosphate. Swift Sure Bone Meal. Thomas L. Stetson, Randolph, Mass. : — Bone Meal. A. L. Warren, Northborough, Mass. : — Warren’s Ground Bone. The Whitman & Pratt Rendering Co., Lowell, Mass. : — Whitman & Pratt’s All Crops. Whitman & Pratt’s Corn Success. Whitman & Pratt’s Vegetable Grower. Whitman & Pratt’s Potash Speciai. Whitman & Pratt’s Pure Ground Bone. Whitman & Pratt’s Potato Plowman. Wilcox Fertilizer Works, Mystic, Conn. :— Wilcox Potato, Onion and Tobacco Manure. Wilcox Potato Fertilizer. Wilcox Complete Bone Superphos- phate. Wilcox Fish and Potash. Wilcox High-grade Tobacco Special. Wilcox Dry Ground Fish. Sanford Winter, Brockton, Mass. :— Pure Fine-ground Bone. J. M. Woodward & Bro., Greenfield, Mass. : — Tankage. 170 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. Part II. — RerortT ON GENERAL WORK IN THE CHEMICAL LABORATORY. C. A. GOESSMANN. 1. Analyses of materials forwarded for examination. 2.. Notes on wood ashes and lime ashes. 1. ANALYSES OF MATERIALS FORWARDED FOR EXAMINATION. We have received 257 samples of miscellaneous sub- stances, during the season, from farmers within our State. As far as circumstances and time permit we have taken up these materials for analysis, and as a general thing have re- ported results in the order of their arrival at this office. As in the past, we have been obliged to neglect this class of work until a lull occurred in the official inspection of com- mercial fertilizers. From December to April we have most time to devote to the investigation of general material, and for this reason would prefer to have the samples forwarded whenever possible, so they may be taken up during these months. This would insure more prompt reports of the results of analyses. We have taken the usual active part in the technical chemical work of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists for the establishment of new methods of chemical analysis, more particularly in regard to fertilizer work and the analysis of insecticides. We have also been in co- operation with the American Chemical Society and the United States Geological Survey in regard to technical de- tails in the chemical analysis of argillaceous limestone. The results of these analyses were sent to the respective parties ° in Washington. ; 1906.) PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 381. a: Following is a list of materials forwarded by farmers during the year : — Soils, Wood ashes, Complete fertilizers, Cotton-seed meal, Lime ashes, Miscellaneous materials, Nitrate of soda, Manure, Muck, . Tankage, Superphosphate, Cotton-hull ashes, High-grade sulfate of potash, Ground bone, Bone and meat, Sheep manure, Peruvian guano, Peat, Dry ground fish, . Dissolved bone-black, Wood chareoal, . Muriate of potash, Carbonate of potash, iS) SST LSS LS TRS ) Factory waste, Ashes from leather scraps, Insecticides, . Oyster shells, Sulfate of ammonia, Blood, . Wool waste ashes, Chicken grit, Tobacco dust, Argillaceous limestone, Burned bone, Low-grade sulfate of potash, River mud, . Cob ashes, Castor pomace, Linseed meal, Mud from seaweed, Cotton-seed compost, Damaged cocoa, Prepared bone, Vegetable potash, Rotten cotton waste, 2. Nores on Woop ASHES AND Lime ASHES. (a) Wood Ashes. Eighteen and one-half per cent. of the materials forwarded by farmers during the year have been wood ashes. a pam fk ial ied peek epee eke pet pe IK) RS ND — PES PRE eT oe ees Pee The fol- lowing table shows their chemical composition as compared with the previous year : — 172 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. Analysis of Wood Ashes. NUMBER OF SAMPLES. 1904.: 1905. Moisture from 1 to 10 per cent., : : ; : : . : 18 15 Moisture from 10 to 20 per cent., : : P : : : : 16 20 Moisture from 20 to 30 per cent., 8 ve Moisture above 30 per cent., 3 1 Potassium oxide above 8 per cent., . 2 4 Potassium oxide from 6 to 7 percent., . A F A 8 4 Potassium oxide from 5 to 6 per cent., 6 12, Potassium oxide from 4 to 5 percent., . 4 ; i 5 - 12 13 eoraeenat oxide from 8to4percent., . ;: c : . ; 10 af Potassium oxide below 3 per cent., . ; : ; : : : 7 3 Phosphoric acid above 2 per cent., . : é ‘ 5 ; ; 3 7h Phosphoric acid from 1 to2 percent.,_ . : : ; : : 30 32 Phosphoric acid below 1 per cent., . 5 : : : ; : 12 4 Average per cent. of calcium oxide (lime), . : : : Z 30.16 32.30 Insoluble matter below 10 per cent., 5 : : ; : j 6 9 Insoluble matter from 10 to 15 per cent., ‘ ; : ‘ : 18 14 Insoluble matter above 15 per cent , ; ‘ F ; : 213 20 20 Table showing the Maximum, Minimum and Average Per Cenls. of the Different Ingredients found in Wood Ashes, 1904 and 1905. MaAxIMuM. MINIMUM. AVERAGE. 1904. 1905. 1904. 1905. 1904, 1905. Moisture at 100° C., . ; 37.85 32.05 none. 02 14.42 13.45 Potassium oxide, . 3 11.04 8.68 -80 2.32 4.51 5.09: Phosphoric acid, 2 5 6.07 4.74 28 38 1Ledt 1.67 Calcium oxide, . : : 42.86 49.24 19.73 21.17 30.16 32.30 Insoluble matter, - ; 47.21 33.32 4.56 4.15 18.35 15.49 From the above comparison it will be seen that the ashes analyzed during the year are of much better quality than for the year 1904. We wish to urge parties who buy wood ashes to patronize those importers and dealers who have secured a license for the sale of ashes in Massachusetts, for » 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 173 it is only in this way that they can secure protection by our State laws. Wood ashes should always be bought on a statement of guarantee of potash, phosphoric acid and lime. (6) Lime Ashes. Table showing the Maximum, Minimum and Average Per Cents. of the Different Ingredients found in Lime Ashes, 1904 and 1905. MAXIMUM. MINIMUM. AVERAGE. 1904. 1905. 1904. 1905. 1904. 1905. Moisture, . . 5 - 36 .62 19.35 none. 05 10.88 11.18 Potassium oxide, . , 2.46 4.80 06 1.02 1.54 2.47 Phosphoric acid, - ; 1.48 1.58 trace. 18 74 97 Calcium oxide, . : 5 55.24 63.44 21.92 37 .56 42.93 49.34 Insoluble matter, . ‘ 25.47 28 .93 2.76 3-21 8.11 8.99 It will be seen from the above comparison that the aver- age composition of lime ashes for the past year is superior to that of 1904. The only safe way to buy lime ashes is to insist upon a guarantee of potash, phosphoric acid and lime which they are said to contain. 174 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. (Jan. REPORT OF THE CHEMIST. DIVISION OF FOODS AND FEEDING.! J. B. LINDSEY. i Chemical Assistants: E. B. HOLLAND, P. H. SMITH, E. S. FULTON,? A. C. WHITTIER. Inspector of Feeds and Babcock Machines: A. PARSONS,? F. G. HELYAR. Dairy Tester: S. R. PARKER. In Charge of Feeding Experiments: J. G. COOK,‘ R. F. GASKILL. Stenographer: MABEL C. SMITH. Parr 1, — THE’ WorRK OF THE YEAR 1. a ae ASS) DAM IP w w Correspondence. x Summary of laboratory work. Water analysis. Dairy products and cattle feeds. Special chemical work. Feed control. Act for protection of dairymen. The testing of pure-bred cows. Work completed. Work in progress. . Changes in staff. Part II. — EXPERIMENTS IN ANIMAL NUTRITION. a8; 2. 3. ' See also tables in Appendix. 5 Resigned July 1, 1905. Bibby’s dairy cake. Eureka silage corn. Concerning wheat bran. 2 Resigned Sept. 15, 1905. 4 Resigned Aug. 1, 1905. 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 175 Part I.— THe Work oF THE YEAR. Ji. Be LINDSEY. 1. CORRESPONDENCE. The answering of inquiries relative to feeding and dairy problems has continued to be a feature of the correspondence of this department. Grain dealers appear desirous of being well posted on the various feed stuffs in the market, and are constantly writing for information. The total number of letters of all kinds sent out during the year was approxi- mately 3,600. 2. SuMMARY OF LABORATORY WoRK. The usual variety of chemical work has been carried out during the year. There have been sent in for examination 102 samples of water, 792 of milk, 1,717 of cream, 5 of butter, 191 of feed stuffs and 6 miscellaneous. In connection with experiments by this and other divisions of the station, there have been analyzed, in whole or in part, 236 sampies of milk and cream and 142 of fodders and feed stuffs. This makes a total of 4,042 substances analyzed during the year, as against 4,261 last year and 3,897 in the previous year. Work on the determination of sulphur in organic bodies, and nitrogen compounds in cheese, not included in the above, has been done for the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. In addition, 13 candidates have been examined and given certificates to operate Babcock machines, and 1,665 pieces of glassware have been tested for accuracy, of which 197 pieces, or 11.83 per cent., were condemned. 3. WaTER ANALYSIS. The experiment station has made a feature of sanitary water analysis since its establishment in 1882. Within a few years a charge of $3 a sample has been placed upon this 176 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. work, in order to hold in check many who have seemingly abused the privilege of free analysis. Instructions for secur- ing an analysis are issued in circular form, as follows : — Those wishing to secure a sanitary analysis of water must first make application, whereupon a glass bottle securely en- cased, accompanied by full instructions for collecting and ship- ping the sample, will be forwarded by express. The return express must in all cases be prepaid. Because of the smallness of the sum involved, no account will be opened. Remittance by check, P. O. money order, or money at the owner’s risk, must be strictly in advance. Address Dros Ban pesHy,; . Hatch Experiment Station, Amherst, Mass. The results of the analysis are forwarded on especially prepared blanks, with such additional remarks concerning the condition of the water, and its possible improvement, as is warranted in each case. This station does not make mineral analysis of water, excepting at rare intervals by special arrangement. 4, Darry Propucts AnD CATTLE FEEDS. This department makes free analyses of milk, cream and cattle feeds for farmers and others, in so far as its resources permit. About the usual number have been received during the year. Many farmers and dairymen desire to know the percentage of fat and total solids in the milk produced by their herd and by individual animals, and send samples to the station for analysis. They are thus enabled to determine the quality of the product placed upon the market, and also the value of the cow for profitable milk production. The quality of the milk shipped to Boston is carefully scrutinized by the several contractors, and producers frequently send samples to the station, to ascertain whether their product is conforming to the legal requirements. Parties who have been warned by the contractors, or have had their milk re- fused, likewise forward samples, with requests for informa- tion as to methods of betterment. The station tries to be as helpful as possible in all such cases. One creamery sends 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. ie Afi its samples regularly, and others send occasional lots, when not in condition to satisfactorily perform the work, or when desiring to check their own results. A charge is made in such cases sufficient to cover the cost of the work. Farmers and grain dealers are constantly sending samples of feeds for examination, to determine their value and whether they are as represented. This work takes consid- erable time, but it is worthy of encouragement. It must not be understood, however, that the station furnishes a free chemical laboratory for jobbers and manufacturers who wish to ascertain the composition of their feeds for commercial purposes. The station does not solicit work of this charac- ter, but is willing to undertake a limited amount for a rea- sonable compensation. 5. SPECIAL CHEMICAL WoRrRK. During the year the department has undertaken co-opera- tive work on chemical methods in connection with the Asso- ciation of Official Agricultural Chemists, and has studied particularly methods for the determination of sulphur in organic substances, and of nitrogenous compounds in cheese. The department has also co-operated with the department of botany in ascertaining the amount of starch and sugars in cucumber leaves, grown under definite conditions. 6. Frep Controu (Acts oF 1903, CHapTER 202). The several provisions of this act have been executed as heretofore. Bulletin No. 101, containing the analyses of 306 samples of feeds collected the previous autumn, was dis- tributed early in January of 1905. This bulletin also con- tained many remarks and suggestions on the nutritive and commercial values of concentrates. Bulletin No. 106, sent out in October, 1905, gave the chemical and microscopic analyses of 65 samples of condimental stock and poultry foods, and the results of an experiment with Pratt’s food. During the months of January, February, March and April, the inspector twice visited the most important cities and towns in the State, and collected 481 samples of feeds. The entire collection was tested during the late spring and early 178 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. summer. For financial reasons, it was not possible to pub- lish the results in bulletin form. Those that were considered at all suspicious were examined by both the chemist and the microscopist, and the attention of retail dealers, jobbers and manufacturers called to any irregularities. Brief notes regarding this collection were published in Bulletin No. 106. The inspector canvassed the entire State in September and October, and the 365 samples collected are now being exam- ined, and the results will be ready for publication in Decem- ber. The large majority of manufacturers, -jobbers and retailers willingly conform to the requirements of the law. Consid- erable difficulty is frequently experienced in obtaining a statement in full, many omitting the weight of the package, and a few stating the protein and fat guarantees together. Some manufacturers and jobbers have been lax in attaching any guarantee whatever, and retailers have frequently offered unguaranteed goods for sale. The station has endeavored to be very patient with offenders, giving them full opportunity to conform to the statute requirements. The writer recog- nizes the diversity of conditions governing the purchase and sale of the great variety of concentrated feeds, and has been willing to condone many technical violations of the law, when it appeared that no intentional offence was intended. Some parties seem inclined to take advantage of this seem- ing leniency, and such it may be necessary to call to a sharp account. The value of an intelligent and tactful inspector cannot be too strongly emphasized. He is in position to impart much valuable information to the dealer, and to smooth out many difficulties that may arise. The station finds it difficult to retain the services of a satisfactory person for any length of time, because of the small salary paid. The great bulk of feed now offered is free from intentional adulteration, and is as represented. Buyers, as a rule, have only themselves to blame if they are defrauded. Much cotton-seed meal is being guaranteed several per cent. lower in protein than formerly, manufacturers claiming that it does not pay them to completely remove the hulls. It is 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. frie also stated that this lower-grade meal is shipped from other territory than that formerly supplying the Massachusetts markets. ig Ba oto A Gluten feed and wheat by-products: tested in ‘in: protein during 1905, owing to the inferior chataeter. "of » the 1904 corn and wheat. isi sie ie Gi Porto Rico molasses and a eile tasrabies vai Het iy: “of molasses feeds are being freely offered. The station is making a special study of these products, and hopes to publish the results in bulletin form within the next few months. Rice by-products in considerable quantity are being sold in the southwest, but as yet they have not been offered in local markets. Detailed information concerning the com- position and value of concentrates may be obtained by con- sulting the special bulletins on the subject. 7. AN AcT FOR. THE PROTECTION OF DAIRYMEN (Acts OF 1901, CHAPTER 202). This act makes it obligatory for all creameries and milk depots within the State, employing the Babcock test or any other test for determining the value of milk or cream, to have all graduated glassware used in making such deter- minations tested for accuracy by this station. It further requires that all parties intending to operate such machines must first be examined for competency by the proper official of the station. Once each year the station is obliged to send a competent party to each creamery and milk depot within the State where such machines are in use, to duly inspect said machines and pronounce upon their fitness for the work. This department has endeavored to carry out the several provisions of this law with the same care as formerly. The following is a brief report of the work for 1905 : — Inspection of Glassware. — All glassware found to be cor- rectly graduated has been marked ‘‘ Mass Ex St.” There were 1,665 pieces examined, of which 197, or 11.83 per cent., were condemned. The inaccurate bottles were largely of the bulb type (Bartlett). Until last year these bottles have been passed on accuracy of total graduation, as the usual charge of 5 cents a piece would not permit of additional 180 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. (Jan. testing. Because of the difficulty in securing a correct grad- uation, it has been necessary to test the three distinct por- tions ef the scale at a corresponding increase in cost. The wse’of this type of bottle is not to be encouraged. Beemination of Candidates. — A few less candidates than usual were examined, and 13 certificates of competency issued.* -Masry* candidates showed poor manipulation, and lackea a thorough understanding of the method. In case of failure, applicants are obliged to wait a month before a second examination will be given. Inspection of Babcock Machines. — The inspection of ma- chines the present year has been in charge of Mr. Frank G. Helyar, who makes the following report : — The annual inspection of Babcock machines was made in November and December. Fifty-two places were either visited or heard from, of which number only 36 were amenable to the inspection. Those creameries or milk depots that did not come under the inspection were exempt for two reasons: some of them do not possess a machine, but have their samples regularly tested by city inspectors; while others have machines, but from all that can be learned they neither buy nor sell milk or cream on the results of their own tests. In suspicious cases they carry samples to the city inspector. There are three creameries paying by the space and one by the churn test. Of the total number, 34 were creameries and 18 were milk depots. Of the 34 creameries, 19 were situated west of the Connecticut River, and, as a rule, in the back-hill towns, away from good transportation facilities. The rest of the creameries were scattered throughout the eastern part of the State. The milk depots, on the other hand, are situated nearer the large cities. Twenty of the milk depots and creameries were co- operative, while the rest were either proprietary or stock com- panies. The number of co-operative creameries is steadily decreasing. As a whole, the machines were found to be in very good con- dition, none being condemned, and only 3 needing repairs. The cast-iron machine is being used in every place visited but 4. The Facile is used in 19 places, the Agos in 9 and the Wizard in 3. Most of the owners of the Babcock machines have recognized 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 181 the value of a substantial foundation as a factor in keeping their machines in good repair. Still, there are a few machines that are being used on rather insecure and shaky supports. Asa result, these machines are always a little out of level, and run with more or less unnecessary vibration. Some machines, even with repairs suggested in previous inspections, still overheat the samples. The operators of these machines counteract this by allowing the machine to run a few moments at the end of the test with the cover lifted. No machine was found that in- sufficiently heated the samples. The steam gauges, with only one or two exceptions, were found to be in good order. In those cases where they were not in good order, speed indicators are used to check up the speed of the machines. Only in one place was untested glassware found. In some cases it was not as clean as it ought to be, but, on the whole, may be said to be in very good condition. In addition to the regular work of the inspection, 4 city milk inspectors were visited. Only 1 desired an examination. His machine, an electrical Wizard, was given a certificate. The above law is not as comprehensive as one could wish. It makes no financial provision for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of section 3 (inspection of machines), but requires the director of the station, or his agent, to make the inspection, and to assess the cost upon the several cream- eries inspected. The station is obliged to advance the expense out of its treasury, and collect 35 or 40 small bills resulting. Most creameries pay with a reasonable degree of promptness, but a few parties are obstinate and slow. After the station has issued a certificate of competency to the operator of a Babcock machine, it has no further control over said party, even though he may prove careless, and even dishonest in his future operations. The law could be im- proved, and thus give a fuller measure of protection to dairy- men, by a small annual State appropriation, together with the necessary authority to make a semi-annual inspection of all Babcock or similar machines, and of all glassware used in connection therewith, and by empowering the director of the experiment station, or some other competent party, to rescind the license of all operators who do not appear to be satis- factorily performing their duties. 182 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. 8. Tuer TEstina oF PuRE-BRED Cows. Breeders of pure-bred Jersey, Guernsey and Holstein cattle are making tests of the weekly and yearly yields of milk and butter fat produced by their cows, under the rules and regulations of the several national cattle clubs. The rules require that these tests be made under the strict super- vision of an officer of the Agricultural College or Experinient Station. This department has undertaken the work for Massachusetts breeders. Considerable more testing has been required during 1905 than heretofore, necessitating the tem- porary employment of 5 different inspectors at one time. It is frequently quite difficult and time-consuming for the regular employees to be required to meet the sudden de- mands of breeders for men to do work of this character, although thus far all calls for men and apparatus have been met promptly. Breeders ought to give the station at least ten days’ notice. The cost of this work is paid by the par- ties for whom it is done, and includes tester’s time at $2 to $2.50 a day, board, travelling expenses and breakage. There are at present 44 Jerseys and 29 Guernseys under yearly tests, belonging to F. L. Ames, North Easton, N. I. Bow- ditch, Framingham, W. L. Cutting, Pittsfield, C. H. Jones, Wellesley Farms, A. H. Sagendorph, Spencer, Storrs Agri- cultural College, Storrs, Conn., C. I. Hood, Lowell, A. F. Pierce, Winchester, N. H., and R. A. Sibley, Spencer. Kight seven-day milk and butter fat tests have been made for the Jersey Cattle Club, and 37 for the Holstein-Friesian Association, and the yearly tests of 32 Jerseys and 12 Guernseys have been completed. 9. Work COMPLETED. Eureka Silage Corn. — A two-years experiment, to study the composition, digestibility and economic value of this corn, a coarse southern dent, as compared with a medium dent that will mature its seed in our latitude, has been com- pleted, and the details and conclusions reported in Part iI. of the present report. The Value of Wheat Bran. — The results of a study of the 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 183 cost of digestible protein and total digestible matter in wheat bran, as well as the use of bran in the farm economy, are presented quite fully in Part I. Bibby’s Dairy Cake. — Digestion tests and an experiment with dairy cows have been completed with this feed. The details of the experiment, and the conclusions, will be found as a portion of Part II. Market Milk, its Production and Composition. — This department has investigated the conditions governing the production of milk in the territory supplying Amherst and Northampton, as well as the chemical and bacteriological composition of the milk. It is believed that the methods of production and the quality of the product are much the same as in other sections of the State. In general, it may be said that : — 1. The sanitary conditions on the whole were unsatis- factory. 2. The majority of producers were not familiar with, or did not apply, the teachings of modern dairy principles. 3. The chemical composition of most of the milk was above the Massachusetts standard. 4. A great deal of the milk contains an excess of bacteria, and indicated unsanitary methods of handling. 5. The milk was practically all retailed at 6 cents a quart, —a price too low to enable the producer to profitably pro- duce an article under satisfactory sanitary conditions. It is believed that producers supplying milk for human consumption should be subject to a system of regular, com- petent inspection, and that no one should receive a license who does not conform to reasonable sanitary conditions. The public needs to be educated relative to the great food value of milk, and ought to be willing to pay a fair price for an approved article. It is hoped to soon publish the detailed results of this investigation in bulletin form. Digestion Hxperiments with Sheep.— There have been completed digestion experiments with soy bean fodder, Eureka corn fodder and Eureka corn stover, Pride of the North corn stover, Blomo feed for horses, malt sprouts, Sucrene, Holstein and Macon sugar feeds, hominy feed, 184 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. buckwheat and oat middlings. The results have been incor- porated in the tables of digestion coefficients, in the Appen- dix. The details of these experiments and a discussion of the results are reserved for a future publication. Sorghum and Other Forage Crops. — Trials of a variety of green crops for summer soiling are conducted each year. Sorghum has been given particular attention for the last two years. A very complete analysis of this crop has been made at different stages of growth, and, likewise, digestion trials with sheep, the results of which are not as yet completed. The seed! was sown broadcast at the rate of 1 bushel per acre, the 25th of May. Cutting was begun as soon as the heads appeared (about August 10), and the yield was at the rate of 19 tons to the acre. The animals ate it well, and it should prove a satisfactory addition to the list of green feeds. A more detailed statement concerning the quality and value of this crop for soiling will be given in a future publication. The station has found the following crops quite satisfac- tory for soiling purposes: peas and oats, the first seeding to be made April 25 and each ten days thereafter, ready to cut from June 25 to July 20; barnyard millet, first seeding to be made May 25 and another seeding two weeks later, ready for feeding from July 20 to August 10; sorghum to be seeded May 25, ready to cut August 10 to 30; Stowell’s Evergreen sweet corn, or Longfellow field corn, seeded May 15 to 20, will serve admirably for September green fodder, and later if frosts are not severe. Soy beans may be sown with the corn, but it is believed that, on the whole, more satisfactory results can be obtained by cultivating each crop separately. It 1s hoped to pub- lish a bulletin on the subject of soiling in the near future. Copies of a former bulletin on this subject (No. 72) are not available. Useful Lequmes.— A study has been made of the com- position, digestibility and yields of the more prominent lesuminous crops, with a view to determine their practical adaptability to New England conditions, and it is desired 1 Seed purchased of Win. Henry Maule, Philadelphia, Pa., at $2.25 a bushel. 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 185 to publish a concise description of this work in the near future. Clover is unquestionably the most valuable legume, serv- ing admirably as a soil renovator, cover crop, soiling crop, and as a component of the hay crop. Canada peas are valuable chiefly for soiling purposes, and in some cases as a cover crop. Sand vetch ( Vicia sativa) makes a good leg- ume to be sown in the autumn with wheat for early summer soiling. It also serves as a soil renovator and as a cover crop. Shammel, in Bulletin No. 149 of the Connecticut Experiment Station, has called attention to the value of this plant when sown after the removal of tobacco. It blossoms about June 1, and can then be plowed under, adding mate- rially to the humus and nitrogen content of the soil. It seeds poorly, and the seed is very expensive, which will naturally much restrict its use. Alfalfa has been tried re- peatedly on the station ground under favorable conditions, but it has not as yet proved a satisfactory crop for practical purposes. It is affected with ‘ leaf-spot,” winter-kills, and is crowded out by clover and grasses. Occasionally one hears of successes by Massachusetts farmers. It is sug- gested that our farmers try it in a small way (14 acre), and see if it will thrive in their locality. Soy beans (Brooks’s medium green) and several varieties of cow peas have been carefully studied ; the latter are best suited to a more south- ern climate. The soy beans thrive well in Massachusetts, and may be used with satisfaction as a soiling crop, and mixed with corn for silage purposes. It is believed, how- ever, that it will prove more economical, as a rule, for farmers and dairymen possessing satisfactory markets and railroad facilities to purchase their protein in the form of high-grade concentrates, rather than attempt to grow it in the form of soy bean forage or seed. Soy beans may prove an economical crop for localities situated at some distance from markets and railroads. Compilation of Analyses. — Attention is called to the tables of composition and digestion of American feed stuffs, recently compiled, and published in the Appendix to this report. 186 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. 10. Work IN PROGRESS. Molasses and Molasses Feeds. — Work is in progress to determine the digestibility and comparative value and place in the farm economy of Porto Rico molasses and molasses feeds. Feeds of this character are being freely advertised and sold in our local markets. It is hoped to bring this work to a close early in the new year, and to report the results in bulletin form within a short time thereafter. Nitro-cultures for Legumes. —'The United States Depart- ment of Agriculture has called attention to the value of the cultures produced by its expert, Dr. Moore, for the different leguminous crops. Hellriegel of Germany was the first to scientifically demonstrate the symbiotic action of bacteria with the legumes, resulting in the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. This subject has been given a groat deal of study by many other scientists, particularly by Nobbe and his co- workers, who have isolated and prepared cultures suited ‘to the different varieties of legumes. Moore claims that he has succeeded in isolating and developing varieties of bac- teria that are especially active as nitrogen gatherers. This department has secured the Moore cultures for two years, and used them upon alfalfa, soy beans and cow peas. The directions were carefully followed in all cases, but no partic- ular results were obtained that could be attributed directly to the action of the applied cultures. The yields for the soy bean and cow pea plots receiving the cultures were no greater than those not receiving them, neither did the plots thus treated show any noticeable increased nodular development. A newly seeded piece of alfalfa, inoculated with soil from an old alfalfa.field, seemed to receive a decided help from the treatment, judging from the growth and apparent vigor of the plants. The writer would in no way condemn the Moore cultures, knowing the progress that has been achieved by numerous investigators along this line. Farmers may try the Moore cultures in a small way, but should not be disap- pointed if the results are not as expected. The daily press and popular journals have made altogether too extravagant 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 187 statements and claims regarding them. Work of this char- acter still requires much study before the highest practical results are secured. 11. CHANGES IN STAFF. Albert Parsons, B.S., for two years employed as inspector of concentrated feeds and of Babcock machines, resigned July 1, to accept a position as assistant superintendent at Hood Farm, Lowell, Mass. His place has been filled by the appointment of Frank G. Helyar, B.S., University of Ver- mont, 1905. Joseph G. Cook, B.S., assistant in animal nutrition, resigned August 1, to become superintendent of the farm at Norfolk, Mass., belonging to T. D. Cook & Co. Roy F. Gaskill, a recent graduate of the Massachusetts Ag- ricultural College dairy course, succeeds him. E.S. Fulton, B.S., assistant chemist, severed his connection with this department September 15, having received an appointment with Dr. F. G. Benedict of Wesleyan University of Middle- town, Conn., who has charge of the nutrition investigations for the United States Department of Agriculture. Mr. A. C. Whittier, B.S., University of Maine, 1905, has taken Mr. Fulton’s place. The writer desires to express his high- est appreciation of the faithfulness, interest and care exer- cised by all his co-workers in the prosecution of the various lines of work undertaken by this department during the past year. 188 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [| Jan. Part IJ.— EXPERIMENTS IN ANIMAL NUTRITION. 1. Bresy’s Darry CAKE. J. B. LINDSEY.! Nature and Composition of the Cake. This material is made by J. Bibby & Sons, Liverpool, Eng., and is imported in the form of cake. It is composed chiefly of ground cotton-seed, together with locust or carob bean,? cereals (maize, wheat, etc.) or their by-products, fenugreek and salt; it possesses a pleasant taste and smell. A number of samples have been found that were quite mouldy, having probably been stored in a damp place. The sample used in the feeding experiment herein described had the following composition : — | Bibby’s Dairy | Standard Bie: Gluten Feed for | Cake. Comparison. Comparison. Water, 11.96 10.00 9.69 Ash, 7.89 4.30 1.40 Protein, . 17.99 18.00 23 .55 Fiber, 7.91 7.00 7.15 Extract matter, 45.05 55.70 55.08 Fat, 9.20 5.00 3.13 — -——- ~ a ~~ - _— - = ——_—_—___—~_—< The cake has a high ash percentage, due partly to the presence of added salt, a moderate amount of protein and 1 With E. B. Holland, P. H. Smith and J. G. Cook. 2 The locust or carob tree is cultivated in Spain, the eastern Mediterranean regions and Egypt. The pods contain considerable quantities of sugar, and are eaten by both men and animals. 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 189 fiber, and quite a noticeable per cent. of fat. It is guaran- teed to contain 18 to 20 per cent. of protein and 6 to 8 per cent. of fat, and usually meets these requirements. It has not been found to be very generally distributed. Digestibility of Bibby’s Dairy Cake. The average results of six single trials with sheep are here given, together with the coefficients for standard wheat mid- dlings and gluten feed for comparison. The full details of the digestion experiment have been reported in the seven- teenth report of this station. Coefficients of Digestibility. ONL RMY | “atldings for) | SBS Nao 5 Comparison. Dry matter, . : ; : : ‘ 70 73 85 Ash, : : : * 5 : : 33 25 - Protein, . : : ; c - = 66 77 85 Piper, < 5 ; ; - : : 31 30 76 Extract matter, . . . . 81 nes 89 ee. | 92 88 7 83 In the several trials with Bibby’s dairy cake the sheep experienced considerable difficulty in digesting the crude fiber, due probably to the fact that it was derived largely from cotton-seed hulls. It may be said that the total cake proved moderately digestible, the fiber having a low and the fat a high digestibility. Both in chemical composition and in digestibility Bibby’s dairy cake closely resembled standard wheat middlings. Gluten feed contains 5 to 6 per cent. more protein, and is more digestible than the cake. Cost of Digesiible Matter. Bibby’s Dairy | Standard Wheat Cake. Middlings. Gluten Feed. Pounds digestible matter in 2,000 1,232 1,314 1,550 pounds. Cost of one pound (cents), . , ‘ 2.43 Poel 1.72 190 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. The above figures are based on the average wholesale prices of middlings and gluten feed for the year 1904, plus 10 per cent.; namely, $26.70 for middlings and $27.72 for gluten feed. Bibby’s dairy cake cost $30 a ton. The cal- culations show that a ton of wheat middlings furnished rather more digestible matter than a ton of Bibby’s dairy cake, and at a somewhat less cost a pound. They further show that, if 1,550 pounds of digestible matter in a ton of gluten feed could be purchased for $27.72, 1,232 pounds, being the quantity contained in a ton of Bibby’s dairy cake, ought not to cost over $22. In other words, Bibby’s dairy cake at $30 a ton furnishes digestible matter at some 37 per cent. ad- vance over that contained in gluten feed at $27.72 a ton. Feeding Hxperiment with Bibby’s Dairy Cake, Spring, L904. In order to test the efficacy of this cake as a food for milk production, four cows were divided as evenly as possible into two groups, and fed by the reversal method. All of the cows received first-cut hay, rowen and bran as a. basal ration. In the first half, two of the cows received a definite quantity of the dairy cake and the other two a like quantity of gluten feed ; in the second half, these two grain feeds were reversed. Duration of Experiment. F : Bibby’s Dairy Periods. DATES. | Gluten Feed Ration. | Gare Bakion: | Ean: 4) May 7 through May 27. Red II. and Brighty. | Linnie and Blanche. Lie . | June 4 through June 24. Linnie and Blanche. | Red II. and Brighty. Care of the Animals. —The cows were kept in roomy stalls, well carded, and turned into the yard some six or more hours each pleasant day. Method of Feeding. —'The animals were fed twice daily, the hay being given about an hour before milking, and the grain mixtures just before milking. The several grains were well mixed before being fed. Bibby’s dairy cake was eround to the fineness of ordinary meal. Water was sup- plied the animals constantly by means of a self-watering device. 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. tS Character of Feeds. — The first-cut hay was a mixture of Kentucky blue-grass, timothy and red clover. The rowen was a mixture of second growth of grass and red clover, secured in good condition. The spring bran, gluten feed and Bibby’s dairy cake were of good average quality. Weighing the Animals. —The animals were weighed for three consecutive days at the beginning and end of each half of the trial. Sampling Feeds. — The hay and rowen were sampled at the beginning, middle and end of each half of the trial, dry matter determinations made at once, and the several samples mixed for analysis. The grains were sampled daily, and preserved in glass-stoppered bottles. The cows received two ounces of salt daily. Sampling the Milk, —The milk of each cow was sampled twice daily for five consecutive days of each week, and pre- served with formaline in tightly corked bottles. The method of sampling consisted in mixing the freshly drawn milk with an especially constructed mixer, and immediately removing a small dipperful. Determinations of fat were made weekly, and solids every other week. History of the Cows, Spring, 1904. Milk Yields, Number of aa Name. BREED. vente) Last Calf dropped. | Days with ec Calf. (Pounds). Red Il., .| Jersey-Durham, 8 December, 1903. 59 30 Brighty, . | Grade Jersey, 8 August, 1903. 124 Nes Linnie, ./| Grade Jersey, al October, 1903. 65 21 Blanche, . | Grade Jersey, 9 August, 1903. 121 22 Daily Rations consumed (Pounds). | | _ Gluten Bibby’s RATION. Cows. Hay. | Rowen. Bran. | Moe: Dairy Cake. Gluten feed, . Severo | aU igs = 18 6 4 | 4 - Brighty, . 14 6 3 3 - Linnie, . 14 6 3 3 - Blanche, . 17 6 3 4 | - Bibby’s dairy cake,. | Red II., . 18 6 4 ~ 4 Brighty, . 14 6 3 = 3 Linnie, . 14 6 3 - 3 Blanche, . lj 6 3 - 4 Average, gluten]. . : 15.75 6 3.25 3.5 feed ration. Average, Bibby’s |. “ - 15.75 6 3.25 - 3-5 dairy cake ration. 192 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. It will be seen that the cows received the same basal ration daily, and in addition averaged 3.5 pounds of gluten feed or dairy cake. — / Average Dry Matter and Digestible Organic Nutrients in Daily Ration (Pounds). | DIGESTIBLE ORGANIC NUTRIENTS. Dry SS SES Nutritive RATION. | , Matter. Ach Ai Extract Ratio. Protein. | Fiber. Ration | Fat. | Total. ! Gluten feed, average, . 24.99 2.36 4.15 Tale -85 | 14.59 || 1:-5.4 Bibby’s dairy cake, 24.91 2.07 3.96 “eT -36 13.86 te 620 average. The two rations furnished the same quantity of total dry matter daily. The Bibby’s dairy cake ration contained rather less protein and about three-fourths of a pound less total digestible matter. This was due principally to the fact that Bibby’s dairy cake was less digestible than the gluten feed. It would naturally be expected that Bibby’s dairy cake ration would produce rather less milk, or cause the animals to shrink somewhat in live weight. Total Yields of Milk Products (Pounds). Average Butter RATION. rere Daily Sate “ Equivalent : Yield ¥ c 85 Per Cent. Gluten feed, . : ‘ : - | 1,860.04 22.14 256.12 89.89 105.75 Bibby’s dairy cake, : ; . | 1,830.01 21.79 251.20 90.00 105.88 The yields obtained from the two rations, covering a period of twenty-one days in each case, were practically identical. If the periods had covered twice the length of time, the results would have been regarded as more satis- factory. Longer periods were not practicable, owing to the condition of the animals and the nearness of summer weather. Average Composition of the Herd Milk. Total Solids 2 : Fat artes ‘5 | (Per Cent.). | (Per Cent.). Gluten feed, . ; d ; : - : ‘ P ; 18.77 4.83. Bibby’s dairy cake, ‘ . ; ‘ ‘ . ° . 13.73 4.92 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 193 The two rations produced milk having practically the same composition. Food Cost of Milk Products. : One Hundred One Pound RATION. | Total Milk. | Pounds Mile. | Butter. Gluten feed, - ; F A : ; $20 85 | $1 12 $0 20 Bibby’s dairy cake, . 22 03 — 1 20 21 Percentage increased cost with Bibby’s 5.66 7.14 5.00 dairy cake. In calculating the above results, gluten feed was charged at $27.72 a ton, Bibby’s dairy cake at $30, bran at $20, hay at $15 and rowen at $14. The increased cost of the milk and butter produced by the Bibby’s dairy cake ration was due to the price asked for Bibby’s dairy cake. Herd Gain or Loss in Live Weight. RATION. Total Gain or Loss. Gluten feed, . : ; : , : : : 3 P : : 43 + Bibby’s dairy cake, : é : : 2 ‘ ; : é 2— There appeared to have been a slight gain in live weight produced by the gluten ration. During the Bibby’s dairy cake period the weight remained constant. Oonclusions. 1. Bibby’s dairy cake, a manufactured product, resembles in chemical composition and digestibility standard wheat middlings. It has a sweet taste and an agreeable flavor and odor, due to the presence of the carob bean, fenugreek and salt. 2. It was found to contain slightly less digestible matter than middlings, and some 20 per cent. less than gluten feed. On the basis of digestible matter contained in the Bibby’s dairy cake and in first-class gluten feed, the former should sell for 20 per cent. less a ton. 3. While the cake is readily eaten and highly relished by 194 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. (Jan. all farm animals, it is believed that the agreeable flavor and odor do not make it worth the extra price asked. 4. In the feeding experiment, lasting twenty-one days, the four cows produced practically as much milk on the Bibby’s dairy cake as on the gluten feed ration; the latter ration produced a slight gain in live weight. The cost of milk and butter was noticeably more on the Bibby’s dairy cake ration. The experiment indicates that the Bibby’s dairy cake ration furnished a sufficient quantity of digestible matter to meet the requirements of the several cows. Had the periods been longer, and the cows in a less advanced period of lactation, it is believed the differences would have been more striking. 5. Bibby’s dairy cake, at prevailing market prices, is not regarded as an economical concentrate ; it can be used, how- ever, if desired, as the exclusive grain ration for sheep, young dairy stock and milch cows. From 5 to 8 pounds would be the usual daily allowance for the latter animals. Its chief use should be as an appetizer, to be mixed in small quantities with foods that, because of an inferior flavor, would not be otherwise readily consumed. From the standpoint of economy, farmers will do well to produce their hay, silage and corn meal, and to purchase only those manufactured concentrates that are rich in protein, such as cotton-seed meal, gluten feed, distillers’ and brewers’ dried grains, wheat middlings and bran. 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 195 2. Eureka SILAGE Corn, —ITS VALUE FOR Massacnu- SETTS FARMERS. J. B. LINDSEY AND P. H. SMITH. This corn is said to have originated in Virginia. It isa large southern dent, and is considerably used for silage pur- poses by New England farmers. Brooks ! of this station compared a number of dent varieties during the season of 1901. The Eureka grew to be 15 feet high, appeared to be quite heavily leaved, and when cut, September 14, the ears were just forming. This variety yielded rather heavier than the others, producing at the rate of 24 tons to the acre, containing 8,944 pounds of dry matter. Its digestibility was not determined. Brooks con- cluded that the heavy dents were not as satisfactory as the smaller varieties for New England conditions. At the solici- tation of Ross Bros. of Worcester, who recommend and sell the Eureka seed for silage purposes, this department has made a more thorough study of the Eureka, and briefly pre- sents the results and conclusions in the following pages. Crop of 1903. One-fourth acre of medium well-drained loam, in a good state of fertility, was treated with manure from well-fed - dairy cows, at the rate of 6 cords to the acre. The manure was plowed in, and the land well fitted and seeded May 26, with Eureka corn, obtained of Ross Bros. The seed came up well, and the corn made as good growth as could be expected during the exceptionally cool season. Frosts held off until nearly the 1st of October, and the corn was allowed to grow until September 25, in order to insure a maximum + Fourteenth annual report of the Hatch Experiment Station, pp. 32-34. 196 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. _ .[Jan. development. At that time it averaged 1114 feet in height, the ears had formed, and the kernels were just beginning to develop. When cut, it contained 82.6 per cent. of water, and yielded at the rate of 15 tons of green material to the acre. Crop of 1904. One-third of an acre of well-drained, light loam was plowed, manured at the rate of 6 cords to the acre and well fitted. The area was divided into two halves, and planted with Eureka and Sibley’s Pride of the North corn, the latter a medium dent that will mature its seed in our latitude. Some of the seed failed to germinate, more particularly the Eureka, which necessitated some replanting. When the corn was 15 inches high it was thinned to about one stalk to the foot. The area was kept well cultivated and free from weeds. On July 12 the corn was growing fast and looked healthy, the Eureka being the taller. August 15 the Pride of the North was well tasseled and silked, while the Eureka tassels were just showing. The corn was cut September 15, at which time the Pride of the North averaged 9 to 10 feet in height and was fairly ripe, with kernels glaz- ing. The Eureka was 12 to 13 feet high and quite immature, the ears being small and the kernels scarcely formed. Two plats, each 175 by 35 feet, were cut, stooked and eventually carried to the barn and carefully weighed. The Eureka yielded 936 pounds of dry matter, equal to 6,683 pounds per acre, equivalent to 20.4 tons of green corn (83.6 per cent. water) ; the Pride of the North yielded 877 pounds of dry matter, equal to 6,262 pounds per acre, equivalent to 13.9 tons of green corn (77.5 per cent. water). Composilion of Green Corn (Per Cent.). EUREKA. aS ae. Pride of the 1904. North, 1904. Water, . : ; ; / ; > J 82.60 83.60 77.50 Aen 2 ; , : F - , d 1.08 1.08 1.05 Protein 3 ° ; ; - 7 ; 1.63 1.48 1.85 Fiber, . . ; F P : : ; 4.77 5.48 4.97 Nitrogen-free extract, : , ‘ F 9.65 8.11 14.06 Fat, P , ‘ ‘ 27 26 «67 100.00 100.00 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 19? The above analyses show that the Eureka, when cut in September, contained considerably more water and notice- ably less nitrogen-free extract matter and fat than the Pride of the North. Composition of Dry Matter (Per Cent.). WHOLE PLANT. STOVER. EUREKA. | Pride Pride Average, a |) ot Ce Eureka, of the Forty-one meet Gyareteacs|) Sess | FPS | Marit. Anatveny te wees... | «CG.19!| 7.853] 6:58 || 4.67 6.96 6.77 6.60 Protein,, . .| 9.34 9.82 9.01 || 8.22 8.00 7.23 7.60 Fiber, . : : | 27.41 | 32.70 | 33.43 22.11 36.49 34.45 34.20 Extract, F -| 55.52} 47.90 | 49.47 62.47 47.19 50.01 50.20 Fat, ~ : : | 1.54 1.73 1.51 2.53 1.36 1.54 1.40 | 100-00 | 100.00 100.00 || 100.00 | 100-00 ~ 100-00 | 100.00 1 When cut in autumn. 2 After being housed in barn until March. The differences in the composition are much more notice- able with the water eliminated. The Eureka (whole plant) contained decidedly more ash and fiber, rather more protein and much less extract matter than the Pride of the North. The analyses show that the Pride of the North had reached a more advanced stage of development than the Eureka, and consequently contained a much larger proportion of starchy matter. The stover from the two varieties was quite similar in composition. | Percentage of Water in Field-cured Material. EUREKA. PRIDE OF THE NoRTH, Whole Plant. Stover. Whole Plant. Stover. | 59.921 68.922 62.893 37.844 | 18.135 1 After being cured in barn for six months, 1903. 2 As it came from field, 1904. ’ After being in barn about a month, 1904. 4 As it came from field, 1904. 5 After being in barn about three months. The field-cured Eureka still continued to contain a high moisture content, due probably to its immaturity and to its unusually coarse, porous stems. 198 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. The Pride of the North had about the usual water content for matured corn that had been field cured. These figures show that in a ton of dried Eureka fodder, as drawn to the barn, there would be 1,380 pounds of water and 620 pounds of dry matter; and in a ton of Pride of the North there would be 757 pounds of water and 1,243 pounds of dry matter; in other words, each ton of Pride of the North would have twice the feeding value of Eureka, without taking into consideration the superior nutritive character of the dry matter, which will be alluded to under another heading. The corn stover derived from the two varieties likewise showed marked differences in the water percentage present. The barn-cured Pride of the North stover was exceptionally dry. Composition of Parts of Corn (Per Cent.). [Dry Matter. ] LEAVES. STALKs. FEARS. Husks. Pride Pride Pride Pride Eureka.| of the || Eureka.) of the |} Eureka.} of the || Eureka.| of the North. North. North. North. Ash, . : : ; 8.98 9.42 5.42 5.81 3.25 1.95 3.02 ely Protein, ~. : .} 14.53 | 14.53 4.80 4.55 12.00 9.82 8.66 5.40 Fiber, . : of el eeeee| en enO 35.77 | 31.94 19.47 | 11.387 24.64 | 27.32 Extract, . : . | 45.63 | 47.63 52.94 | 56.82 63.84 | 73.65 62.22 | 62.70 Kat, : : - 2.43 3.42 1.07 -88 1.44 3.21 1.46 1.41 “100.00 | 100.00 || 100.00 | 100.00 |] 100.00 | 100.00 || 100.00 | 100.00 The samples were taken immediately after the corn was cut (September 15), dried at a low heat, and preserved in glass-stoppered bottles. The leaves of the two varieties were similar in composition, and are the most valuable parts of the plant, aside from the ears. The stalks of the Eureka were characterized by containing more fiber than the other variety. The ears produced by the Kureka contained rather more protein and ash, decidedly more fiber and noticeably less fat and extract matter than those yielded by the Pride of the North. The analyses make clear that the ears ob- tained from the Eureka were quite imperfectly developed. The composition of the husks was more uniform. 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 199 Digestibility of the Corn. The first digestion experiment was made in the autumn of 1903, with the Eureka green corn. Another experiment was made with the same corn, after it had been cured and housed for six months. Unfortunately, a digestion test was not made with the Pride of the North (whole plant). During the autumn of 1905, therefore, another sample of this variety was tested for digestibility. It was fully developed and well eared. Other experiments were made to test the digesti- bility of the stover of each of the two varieties produced in 1904. The several tests were made with the same sheep in each case, the results of which follow : — EUREKA. SS Se Pride of the Tarstey Pride of the Green, Dry, North, Green, Stover, 190 4 North, Stover, 1903 1903 1905 (Two | (two Sheep).| 1204 (Two (Three (Two Sheep). Sheep). Sheep). | Sheep). Dry matter, . : : 67 64 “il 54 54 AR % : : : : 42 40 34 45 51 Protein, . : : A 67 57 63 48 45 a er 72 65 59 60 Nitrogen-free extract, . 72 64 77 53 54 Fat, . - - - : 66 62 76 67 64 The green Eureka fodder (whole plant) and the same material dried showed only slight variation in the digesti- bility of total dry matter. The results correspond closely with those obtained by other experimenters with large southern varieties at a similar stage of growth. For some reason the fiber in the dry material was more fully digested than in the green substance, and the protein and extract matter less so. The Pride of the North (whole plant) proved to be rather more digestible than the Eureka, due to the fact that it was well eared. The digestible material in the Pride of the North, because of its content of matured grain, would naturally yield more net available energy than a like amount of digestible matter derived from the Kureka. The corn stover (all ears removed) from each of the two varieties appeared to be equally well digested. 200 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. Summary of Yields. A definite quantity of each of the two varieties of green material was separated into husks, ears, leaves and stalks, in order to determine the relative proportions of each. The figures show percentages or pounds in 100. (a) Yield of Parts. EUREKA. | PRIDE OF THE NORTH. PARTS _ ; : First Second : First Second Trial. | Trial. | Avenge | Trial. | Trial. | Average: Husks, . s ‘ ‘ 3 6.50 8.00 7.25 10.25 125 10.75 Ears, . 5 ‘ 3 F 6.25 8.25 1-255 21.25 23.00 22.11 Leaves, . 2 . : . 22.75 a aia) 02 25 20.00 20.00 20.00 Stalks, . : : : i 65.00 62.25 63 .62 | 47.50 46.00 46.75 100.50 100.25 100.37 99.00 | 100.25 99.67 The results are in accordance with the teaching of the analytical data. The Eureka showed only 7.25 per cent. of ears, while the Pride of the North contained 22.11 per cent. The Pride of the North variety consisted of 46.75 per cent. of stalks, and the Eureka 63.62 per cent. The Eureka, even at its less advanced stage of growth, contained only slightly more leafy matter than the Pride of the North. (0) Yield per Acre (Pounds). EUREKA. Pride of the 1903. 1904 North, 1904. Groen-material( ftp ibstosce he 30,000 40,800 27,800 Dry matter, 6 ; : ; ; ; 5,220 6,691 6,255 Estimated digestible matter, . ; , 3,497 1 4,483 1 4,4411 1 Obtained by allowing 67 per cent. of the dry matter to be digestible in the Eureka, and 71 per cent. in the Pride of the North, as determined by actual experiment. The above results indicate strongly that the Eureka, al- though a larger variety, yielding considerable more green material than the Pride of the North, is not likely to furnish any more actual food to the acre. In the present instances, 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 201 the party drawing the product of an acre of green Eureka corn to the barn would be transporting 34,109 pounds of water and 6,691 of dry matter, while in the case of the Pride of the North he would cart 21,545 pounds of water and 6,255 pounds of dry material ; in other words, to secure essentially the same quantity of actual food in the Eureka he would be required to handle 12,564 pounds extra water. It is, of course, understood that the yield would vary from year to year, depending on soil and climatic conditions. It is believed, however, that the relative proportions would hold true, and that the farmer would secure as much actual food material from those varieties of corn that mature their seed, without being obliged to handle the extra bulk in the form of water. Conclusions. 1. Eureka silage corn is a late dent variety ; it has large stalks, which appear to be thickly set with leaves. During the seasons of. 1903 and 1904 it grew 11 to 13 feet high, and when cut, September 15, the ears were very immature (kernels just forming) 2. In comparison with Sibley’s Pride of the North, a medium dent, which matures its ears in this latitude, the Eureka green corn, when cut, contained about 6 per cent. more water, noticeably more ash and fiber, and much less extract matter. The field-cured fodder of the Eureka still contained as high as 69 per cent. of water, while the Pride of the North contained only 388 per cent. 3. The leaves and husks of each variety did not vary greatly in composition. The ears and stalks of the EKurek: contained more fiber and much less extract matter and fat than those of the Pride of the North. 4, The Eureka green fodder was found to be 67 per cent., and the same material dry 64 per cent., digestible ; a typical sample of Pride of the North, cut green, was 71 per cent. digestible. The stover of both varieties proved equally di- gestible. 5. The Eureka yielded about the same relative weight of green leaves as did the Pride of the North. It preduced 64 per cent. of stalks and 7 per cent. of ears, while the Pride 202 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. of the North yielded 47 per cent. of stalks and 22 per cent. of ears. 6. The Eureka produced at the rate of 20 tons of green fodder, and the Pride of the North 13 tons of green fodder, to the acre. The latter, however, contained nearly as much dry and digestible matter (actual food material) as did the former. The excess yield of Kureka green corn, therefore, consisted of water. 7. Had the seasons of 1903 and 1904 been more favorable to the growth of corn, it is probable that both varieties would have produced larger yields. It is very doubtful, however, if the Eureka would have matured its grain. The writer, therefore, thinks it unwise to grow such late dents as the Eureka, and believes the northern farmer will secure better feed for less money by holding fast to those varieties that will mature not later than September 10 or 15. It is well known that immature corn, such as the Eureka, undergoes more serious decomposition when ensiled than do well-matured varieties, which would still further detract from its nutritive value. | 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 203 3. CONCERNING WHEAT BRAN. Je Be Linpspy.! (1) Introduction. Until within comparatively recent times, wheat bran and corn meal have formed the two staple concentrated feeds for dairy stock, and in spite of the large variety of concentrates now in the market, the former still continues to be used largely by the great majority of dairymen in our eastern States. The reasons for this are not difficult to find. d5e71 62.37 29.17 26.08 Doliska, . .| 778-21| 27.61 97.73 29.15 34.30 Total! “i 70 * a. Sees | ate 464.48 | 166.77 196.22 Bedil, --. > i@iene) 87 ae 131.91 43.62 51.32 Dora,. .. «| -581.83| ~ 20.78 85.65 31.48 37.04 1. os Blanche, . : 609.73 21.78 92.25 32.01 37.66 May? be 2 Papas) Sate 78.11 27.96 32.89 Daisy,, . .| 480.68| 17.17 77.58 29.99 35.28 Total,| . . . .| 8,218.31| 114.95 465.45 | 165.06 | 194.19 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 213 Average Weekly Yields of Kuch Herd (Pounds), and Percentage Gain or: Loss. Herd I. Butter PERIODS. Milk. Solids. Fat. Equivalent (85 Per Cent.). ge ee 798.0 111.2 40.3 ATA EM... ; 2 F : : : : 820.4 116.1 41.7 49.1 Percentage gain or loss, II. over I., + 2.8 + 4.4 +3.5 +3.6 Herd II. 1 ie = = ‘ : : ; | 818.2 . 116.1 41.5 48.8 | OCA ae iyi : : : = - 804.6 116.4 41.3 48.5 Percentage gain or loss, II. over I., | —1.7 | + .3 — 4 — .6 It will be seen that Herd I., which received the bran ration during both periods, made a slight gain during the second period in the quantity of milk and milk ingredients ; while Herd II., which received the silage ration in the sec- ond period, underwent a slight loss. The differences are so slight as to prevent any positive conclusions. They indi- cate, however, that the bran ration produced slightly better results than the silage ration, due possibly to the excess of protein in the former ration. Dry and Digestible Matter required to produce Milk, Milk Solids and . Milk Fat. Herd I.: both periods, bran ration. Dry MATTER REQUIRED TO DIGESTIBLE MATTER REQUIRED PRODUCE — TO PRODUCE — PERIOD. One One One One One One : eae Pound Pound ed Pound Pound Milk Solids. Fat. Milk Solids. | Fat ivan Be ‘ - . 100.80 | 7.23 19.97 63.56 4.56 12.60 iG ee - ; > 98.81 | 6.98 19.44 62.21 4.40 12.24 Herd II : first period, bran ration; second period, silage ration. Lim. : - - 106.32 7.49 20.98 67 .04 4.73 13.23 ms : - ; 107.7 7.45 21.01 70.83 4.90 13.81 214 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. Herd I. required slightly less dry and digestible matter to make milk and milk ingredients in the second period. Herd II. took a little more dry and digestible matter in the second period to make a definite quantity of milk, milk solids and milk fat. On the basis of the above figures, it may be con- cluded that the bran ration produced a trifle better results than the silage ration. Food Cost of Milk and Butter. Herd I.: both periods, bran ration. One Hundred One Hundred PxEron. Pounds Milk. Pounds Butter. 1 i : ; : 5 : ‘ ; 4 ; : $1 03 $17 33 is . é : 5 2 ‘ : 4 3 E 1 Ol 16 81 Herd II.: first period, bran ration; second period, silage ration. Be | #1 08 $18 11 rn ne ee aT ee ne ae 113 18 74 Percentage increased cost, Period II. over + 4.6 +3.5 Period I. The cost of milk and butter is based upon hay at $15 a ton, silage at $3.50, bran at $22, corn and cob meal at $26, cotton-seed meal at $30 and middlings at $25. The cost of milk and butter produced by Herd I. in both periods was nearly identical, and the slight variations may be attributed to experimental error. The increased cost of the milk and butter produced by Herd II. in the second period was due largely to the then existing excess cost of the corn and cob meal over that of the bran, and not to the feeding effect of the two rations. Fertilizer Ingredients in Rations (Cost). First period: Herd I., bran ration, 19.46 pounds nitrogen, valuedat —. : ‘ ; $3 31 13.81 pounds potash, valued at 5 ; 69 7.75 pounds phosphoric acid, valued at . } F 81 Total, Pp : : : : ; P . 4 31 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 215 Fertilizer Ingredients, etc. — Concluded. First period: Herd II., bran ration. 20.90 pounds nitrogen, valued at. ; . $3 55 14.98 pounds potash, valued at : é 75 8.26 pounds phosphoric acid, valued at . : 33 Total, ; : : : : - 84 63 Second period: Herd I., bran ration. 78.16 pounds nitrogen, valued at. ; , «ado 29, 55.65 pounds potash, valued at : : : : 2 78 31.02 pounds phosphoric acid, valued at . ; S 1 24 Total, . : - $17 31 Second period: Herd II., silage ration. 78.38 pounds nitrogen, valued at. : ; 2 = B15. 37 54.89 pounds potash, valued at x 2 74 24.86 pounds phosphoric acid, valued at . ; 99 Total, ; ; ; : ; ; : 5 Leo The total quantity and valuation of fertilizer ingredients were nearly identical in each ration. Conclusions. 1. The animals were in good condition during the entire experiment, hence the silage proved equally as satisfactory as bran for distributing the heavy concentrates (cotton-seed meal and flour middlings). 2. The so-called bran ration produced a trifle more milk and milk ingredients than did the silage ration. Further-. more, it required a little less dry and digestible matter to make a definite quantity of milk ingredients with the former ration. 3. It cost several per cent. more to produce milk with the silage ration; but this difference was due primarily to the temporarily increased market price of the corn and cob meal, and not to the feeding effect of the ration. 216 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. EXPERIMENT II. — WINTER, 1904. Object of the Hxperiment. —The object of this experiment was quite similar to the one already described; namely, to see if corn silage could not be employed in place of wheat bran as a distributer of the heavy concentrates. Plan of the Hxperiment. — This experiment was conducted on the reversal plan. ‘The cows were divided into two lots of four each. In the first half of the experiment one lot received the so-called bran ration at the same time the other lot received the silage ration. In the second half these con- ditions were reversed. Duration of Experiment. First Half. Number of CHARACTER OF RATION. Date. Wacken. Cows. Bran as distributer, . ~ . | January i6 through 6 Blanche, Brighty, February 26. Doliska, Dora. Silage as distributer, . : . | January 16 through 6 Daisy, Linnie, February 26. | May, Roda. Second Half. Bran as distributer, . f .| March 5 through 6 Daisy, Linnie, April 15. May, Roda. Silage as distributer, . F .| March 5 through 6 Blanche, Brighty, April 15. Doliska, Dora. Care of Animals and of the Product. — The general care of the animals and the method of feeding and of sampling the milk have been described in the preceding experiment. Each cow was weighed for three consecutive days at the beginning and end of each half of the experiment, the weigh- ing being done in the afternoon before feeding and watering. Character of the Feeds. —'The weights of a quart of the two grain mixtures were about the same as those fed in the former experiment, the bran ration being much the more bulky. The bran was derived from winter wheat, and was light and flaky. Corn meal was used in place of corn and cob meal, the latter not being available. The cotton-seed meal and flour middlings were of the usual good quality. 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 381. 217 The silage was largely corn, with a slight admixture of soy beans. ‘The corn and soy beans were grown together, but, owing to the cool summer of 19038, the beans made a very light growth and produced scarcely any seeds. The corn, likewise, was poorly eared, and the total yield of the mix- ture was only about 8 tons to the acre. The silage was not at all decomposed or unduly acid, and was considered of fair quality. The hay was largely Kentucky blue-grass, of good quality, cut when in full to late blossom. Rations consumed Daily (Pounds). Wheat Bran Ration. : Cotton- First : Corn Flour Cows. Silage. Bran. alan seed Cut Hay. Meal. | Middlings. Meal. Blanche, . : . 16.0 34.6 330) - 2.0 Ms) Brighty, . : “ 13.0 30.0 3.0 - 2.0 1.0 Doliska, . rn ; 12.0 30.0 3.0 - 2.0 1.0 Meereer sz) Ss Sh. 13.0 30.0 3.0 - 2.0 1.0 Daisy, . - 4 13.0 30.0 3.0 - 2.0 1.0 ME, Gebers. « 15.0 30.0 3.0 2 2.0 1.0 May, . . : : 16.0 30.0 3.0 - 2.0 1.0 a ae 12.0 30.0 3.0 2 2.0 1.0 BVETALE, i: : | 13.8 30.6 Bye! - 2.0 1.1 Silage Ration. Blanche, . - £ 15.0 35.0 - 3.0 2.0 2.0 Brighty, . ‘ : 12.0 30.0 - 2.5 2.0 125 Doliska, = : - 11.0 28.1 - 2.2 2.0 1.4 Dora, . 3 - - 12.0 30.0 - Das, 2.0 1.5 Daisy, 5 A 12.0 30.0 - 2.5 2.0 1.5 ee 14.0 30.0 = 2.5 2.0 1.5 Ee il csi, tg 14.0 26.9 s 2.3 Es 1.4 Roda, . : ; - 11.0 30.0 ~ 2.5 2.0 1.5 Average, . ; 12-6 30.0 - 2.5 2.0 Po 218 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. Dry and Digestible Matter in Daily Rations (Pounds). Wheat Bran Ration. DIGESTIBLE ORGANIC NUTRIENTS. Cows ee Nutritive ; atter. : : Extract Ratio. Protein. | Fiber. Matter. Fat. Total. Blanche, : : 4 Qik 2 2.54 4.36 8.45 -63 15.98 Lebsb Brighty, - A . | 22.66 2.09 3.61 7.21 53 13.44 Leen Doliska, : : vale 2s 2.04 3.43 6.98 52 12.97 Lei Dora, . : 5 . | 22.66 2.09 3.61 7-21 53 13.44 LDed Daisy, . : - . | 22.66 2.09 3.61 feral 53 13.44 Det Linnie, . : - . | 24.44 2.18 3-97 7.67 54 14.36 TSE 9 May, . . 5 salie2d.338 2.23 4.15 7.89 -55 14.82 126.0 Roda, . : = eelclens 2.04 3.43 6.98 52 UBAG yi NB ao 7/ Average, : . | 23.05 2.16 Sart 7.45 54 13.92 UA 67 Silage Ration. Blanche, . - . | 26.28 2.46 4.15 9.03 -68 16.32 EDD Brighty, : : Sh) Palos 2.03 3.40 7.60 57 13.60 1:6.0 Doliska, : ; ale De ts) 1.90 3.14 7.03 53 12.60 G20 Dora, . : : 5 alo 2.03 3.40 7.60 57 13.60 1:6.0 Daisy, . : - . | 21.76 2.03 3.40 7.60 57 13.60 1:/6.0 Linnie, . ; fi =| 23-53 2.18 3.76 8.06 58 14.53 L652 May, . : - - | 22.49 2.00 3.63 7.61 54 13.78 1:6.2 Roda, . - : i 20.87 1.99 3.22 7.38 56 13.15 1:6.0 Average, -| 22.38 2.07 3.51 7.74 58 13.90 1:6.0 Average Daily Rations (Pounds). : Corn Flour Cotton- CHARACTER OF RATIONS. | Hay. | Silage. | Bran. Meal. | Middlings. | seed Meal. Bran, . - ; 3 5 | 8.8 30.6 Boll - 2.0 1.1 Silage, . : - : ; 2) de® 30.0 - 2.5 2.0 1.5 ee Average Dry and Digestible Nutrients in Daily Rations (Pounds). DIGESTIBLE ORGANIC NUTRIENTS. ' Dry “TT Nutritive CHARACTER OF RATION. A Matter. ? Carbo- . Ratio. Protein. hydrates. Fat. Total. Bran, . F ; : ‘ ; 23.55 PaG 11°22 54. 13.92 Moe Silage, ; 4 - p ; 22.33 2.07 11.25 1:6.0 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 219 The average daily bran ration, consisting approximately of 14 pounds of hay, 31 pounds of silage (about a bushel), 3 pounds of bran, 2 pounds of flour middlings and 1 pound of cotton-seed meal, may be considered a good type of a dairy ration, and quite similar to combinations in use by many milk producers who buy all of their grain. It was the aim in preparing the silage ration to do away with the bran by substituting home-grown corn, and at the same time to produce a combination that would contain essentially the same quantity and proportion of digestible nutrients. This was accomplished by feeding 2.5 pounds of corn meal instead of 3 pounds of bran, and 1.5 pounds of cotton-seed meal in place of the 1 pound fed in the bran ration. Assuming that the farmer produced the hay, silage and corn meal in the ration, he would only use 3.5 pounds daily of purchased grain, costing 4.7 cents, while the bran ration would require a daily cash outlay for grain of 7.25 cents. The two rations contained almost identical quantities of digestible protein and of total digestible nutrients. Both rations appeared to be equally well relished by the animals. The entire herd consumed the bran ration without the least irregularity, while on the silage ration the cow May suffered an attack of indigestion which caused her to shrink notice- ably in her milk, and rendered it necessary to reduce her feed for some ten days. Whether this disturbance may be at- tributed to the character of the ration, or to other causes, it is difficult to state with certainty. Cow Doliska, while re- ceiving the silage ration, underwent an attack of mammitis in one quarter of the udder, which decreased her milk yield, and made it necessary to take away temporarily a consider- able portion of her grain ration. This cow was producing a large yield of milk during the experiment, but was not in first-class physical condition. It seems probable that her condition rendered her sensitive to the combination of heavy grain, even though it was distributed through the silage. 220 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. Weight of Animals at Beginning and End of Experiment (Pounds). Wheat Bran Ration. Ae o = 3 So 3 |8 | 4 6. ets | ieee I oP = g 2 E os so | 8&8 = S -) ea ceelime Ices ie Si bieeee eae Beginning,. . . ~. «| 1,176] 882| 753] 887] 842] 841 | 1,020 of +29 End, . : : . : . | 1,146) 841) 741 | 876) 863) 854 | 1,024] 887 Silage Ration. Beginning, . : ; : . | 1,121 |] 8388; 714] 868] 823] 828 | 1,013 ad +18 End, . ; : : . | 1,183 | 836 | 720] 884) 8380] 823 990 | 838 The animals practically maintained their weight on each of the rations. Yield of Milk and Milk Ingredients, with Percentage Gain or Loss (Pounds). Wheat Bran Ration. : Butter Total Daily Total Total : Cows. : : : Equivalent. Milk. Milk. iat Fat. 1 added. Blanche, . 1,004.08 23.91 145.19 51.51 60.10 Brighty, . 790.62 18.82 122.39 49.73 58.02 Doliska, . 1,105.37 26.32 134.97 40.24 46.95 Dora, 909.16 21.65 126.10 44.28 51.66 Daisy, 715.10 17.03 110.05 41.48 48.39 Linnie, 914.35 21.77 130.57 48.92 57.07 May, 834.73 19.87 123 .54 43.99 51.32 Roda, 834.03 19.86 115.93 39.95 46.61 Totals, 7,107.44 21.15 1,008.74 360.10 420.12 Silage Ration. Blanche, . 1,009.62 24.04 145.79 50.99 59.49 Brighty, . 790.06 18.81 128.88 50.25 58.63 Doliska, . 909.17 21.65 114.28 34.55 40.31 Dora, 874.78 20.88 125.01 44.44 51.85 Daisy, 798 .06 19.00 123.14 46.13 53.82 Linnie, 997 .35 23.75 141.82 52.86 61.67 May, 836.97 19.93 126.55 46.28 53.99 Roda, 930.92 22.16 126.42 43.19 50.39 Totals, 7,146.93 21.27 1,026.89 368 .69 430.15 Percentage gain of si- 0.5 ~ 1.7 2.2 - lage over bran ration. a 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 221] The yields are slightly in favor of the silage ration, but the differences are so small as to have no particular signifi- cance. Had cows May and Doliska remained undisturbed during the experiment, this increased yield would have been more pronounced. Average Composition of Herd Milk (Per Cent.). CHARACTER OF RATION. | Total Solids. | Fat. | Solids not Fat. Wheat bran, . : ; ‘ ; : , 14.19 5.07 9.12 Silage, . : : : 2 : d ; 14.37 5.16 9.21 While the results show that the silage ration produced milk a trifle richer in both fat and solids not fat, the slight difference is without any important signification. Dry and Digestible Matler required to produce Milk and Milk Ingredi- ents (Pounds). Dry MATTER. DIGESTIBLE MATTER. One One CHARACTER OF RATION. One One One One es Pound Pound at Pound Pound Milk. Solids. Fat. Milk. Solids. Fat. Wheat bran, ‘ ‘ 5 111.35 7.85 21.98 65.84 4.64 13.00 Silage, . " : 4 ‘ 104.96 (ae 20.35 65.33 4.55 12.67 While the results show that in case of the silage ration it required a little less dry matter to produce a definite quan- tity of milk and butter fat, they also show that in case of both rations practically the same quantity of digestible matter was necessary to produce an equal quantity of milk products. Food Cost of Milk Products. { Total One Hundred One Quart One Pound Paee seta On. Hs TION: | Milk. | Pounds Milk. |/Milk (Cents).!| Butter (Cents) Wheat bran, | S77 76 $1 09 | 2.45 18.5 Silage, | 75 42 1 06 2.38 17.5 Percentage increased cost of bran on 2.8 2.9 5.8 over silage ration. 1 2.25 pounds is the commercial figure allowed for one quart of milk; the theoretical quantity is 2.15 pounds, the excess of .10 of a pound being allowed for loss in handling, 222 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. With hay at $15 a ton, silage at $3.50, bran at $22, corn meal at $24, cotton-seed meal at $28 and middlings at $26, the silage ration produced milk and butter slightly cheaper than did the bran ration. This difference in cost is due partly to the temporary variation in the cost of the several grains, and partly to the slightly more favorable effect of the silage ration. Approximale Fertilizer Ingredients in Rations (Cost). Wheat Bran Ration. 172.29 pounds nitrogen, valued at . ; ; . $30 15 134.92 pounds potash, valued at. , 5 40 68.04 pounds phosphoric acid, valued at ; yal Total, ; - $38 27 Silage Ration. 169.99 pounds nitrogen, valued at . : . $29 69 119.77 pounds potash, valued at. dae, 54.88 pounds phosphoric acid, valued at ; 2 20) Total, : : : : i : : . $86 68 The total rations consumed by the herd contained nearly the same quantity of plant food. There was a slight excess of potash and phosphoric acid in the bran ration, due to the richness of the bran in these two mineral constituents. Conclusions. 1. The silage ration produced slightly more milk and milk ingredients at,a trifle less cost than did the bran ration. 2. A little less dry and digestible matter was required to produce a given quantity of milk products with the former ration. 3. Two animals were temporarily out of condition while receiving the silage ration. This may have been partly due to the effects of the heavy concentrates and partly to other causes. Discussion of Results. 1. In both experiments hay and corn silage served as the roughage, while a mixture of cotton-seed meal, flour mid- dlings and bran, or cotton-seed meal, flour middlings and 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 223 corn meal or corn and cob meal, served as the two grain rations ; bran acted as a diluter of the heavy concentrates in one case, and corn silage in the other. 2. In the first experiment the results were slightly favor- able to the bran ration, while in the second experiment the conditions were reversed. The differences were so trifling that it may be said that for practical purposes both rations produced equally satisfactory results. 3. As a practical deduction, the writer would suggest that farmers who keep comparatively small herds, and who per- sonally look after the feeding, may reduce the quantity of purchased grain to 3 or 4 pounds daily per head, and sub- stitute home-grown corn in place of wheat bran. Five to 7 pounds of grain daily is the usual allowance for cows pro- ducing about 10 quarts of milk of average quality. This grain mixture may consist of 144 pounds of cotton-seed meal, 2 pounds of flour middlings and 21% to 3 pounds of corn or corn and cob meal daily; or 14% pounds of cotton- seed meal, 2 pounds of oat middlings or rye feed and 214 to 8 pounds of corn meal. Malt sprouts may be substituted for the wheat, oat or rye middlings. The several grains after being mixed should be distributed through the silage or cut hay with the aid of a fork. This method of feeding will enable the farmer to get along with a minimum cash outlay for grain (414 cents daily), and at the same time he will be supplying a well-balanced ration, rich in elements of fertil- ity. The method will be more particularly suited to farmers not having easy transportation facilities, and who sell their dairy products to the creamery. 4. Farmers and dairymen who cannot closely supervise the feeding, and who desire to feed more than 5 to 7 pounds of grain daily, will probably find it advisable to use one- third to one-half wheat bran in compounding the grain mix- ture. Distillers’ grains and malt sprouts have also been shown to be quite satisfactory distributers of the heavy con- centrates.' 1 Bulletin No. 94 of this station. 224 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. G. HK. STONE; ASSISTANT, N. F. MONAHAN. The long period of dry weather during the past summer has rendered many plants free from certain types of fungous diseases. On the other hand, the dry conditions were favor- able for the outbreak of other troubles. A considerable amount of rain fell, and a more or less prolonged period of cloudy and damp weather prevailed during the latter part of August and first of September, which brought on some severe cases of blight. This rainy and damp period, coming as it did after the severe drought, exerted a peculiar influence on the quality of fruit, and in some instances it was respon- sible for inducing a renewed activity of the reproductive organs of plants. It is well known that favorable condi- tions following a check often stimulate vital activity along the lines of reproduction, and it was not surprising to find some wild plants responding in this manner. Downy Mivpew or Tomaro. (Phytophthora infestans, DBy.) The damp and rainy period following the prolonged dry season caused an unusual outbreak on tomato plants, namely, the downy mildew, which is the same as that giving rise to the late blight of potatoes. It is seldom that this mildew attacks tomatoes, in this State at least, to any extent; but this season the damage was quite severe and widely dissem- inated, especially injuring the younger vegetative portions of the plants. 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 225 Potato Ror. (Phytophthora infestans, DBy.) The fungus mentioned above was also responsible to a large extent for damage to potatoes, causing them to rot, especially those grown on moist land. During the early part of the season potatoes as a whole were remarkably free from blight, and not until the rainy and damp period came in September did they display any alarming troubles. In some instances quite a large percentage was destroyed by rot. The spraying of potatoes in this State has not met with that degree of success that it has in other New Eng- land States, one reason being that the early blight often occurs here quite disastrously, and obtains a foothold early in the season. Spraying for this trouble should commence early in June, when the plants are about one-fourth grown, and continue until late in the season. Another factor underlying success- ful spraying is pressure ; at least 50 pounds’ pressure should be maintained by the pump, to secure the best results. Ex- periments at the college this year showed material gain in the quantity of potatoes secured from sprayed crops, as compared with those not sprayed. CUCUMBER AND MeEton BLIGHT. The dry summer with its freedom from moisture proved favorable for cucumbers and melons, and these crops were not severely affected, at least previous to September, with either the downy mildew or anthracnose. During the past fall there has occurred considerable infection to greenhouse crops, especially those started early. For the last six or seven years the downy mildew (Plasmopara Cubensis (B. & C.) Humphrey) has occurred generally upon greenhouse cucumbers started early in the house, and occasionally the anthracnose (Colletotrichum Lagenarium (Pass.) Ell. & Hals.) appears in the fall, but we know of no instances where either of these blights has wintered in greenhouses. Both of these blights must therefore at present be consid- ered as left over from summer, The anthracnose, however, 226 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. usually makes its appearance in the spring on greenhouse plants, and the mildew about the 15th of August on either outdoor or greenhouse crops. Both of these blights can be readily controlled in the greenhouse by judicious attention to cultural methods. Neither of them will survive if atten- tion is given to light, ventilation and especially moisture. When the foliage is kept dry these fungi are unable to get a start. In case syringing is necessary to keep the red spider down, it should be done in the morning in bright sunlight, at which time the plants will dry out readily. In case these blights have attained some headway, the pipes should be painted with sulphur and oil. Beneficial results have been reported by different growers who have tried this method. Sun SCALD. The general interest manifested in shade trees in this State is quite apparent from the large number of specimens sent us each year, and the amount of correspondence touching upon various matters concerning them. The number of cases of sun scald to shade trees the past summer was un- precedented. This was particularly noticeable in rock maples and white pines, although this same trouble occurred with many trees and shrubs to some extent. The sun scald on rock maples was unusually abundant, and more severe than usual. Some trees which were under our observation had as much as ninety per cent. of their foliage as dry and crisp as casted leaves. Some maple trees possess the peculiarity of having their leaves badly scorched each year, where other trees of the same species located near them are entirely free from this trouble. As a result of the prolonged drought and the excessive heat during mid-summer, many rock maples developed foli- age of a peculiar bronze color. There was also much pre- mature fall coloring and defoliation on many trees. The cause of so much sun scald during the past summer was drought and dry winds. Where fine specimens of lawn or roadside trees exist, every effort should be made to maintain them in the best 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 227 condition possible. 65.5 64.5 62.5 46.5 50.0 50.5 56.5 Lettuce, . - | 74.5 72.7 Tel 63.7 70.7 65.2 69.5 Average, . | 72.6 75.8 77.4 69.2 73-9 70.2 73.4 howe -.--—_~ — ~~. ey | ELS Total average, | 72.6 76.6 71.5 71.8 In the experiment with the one-fourth strength decoctions, 14,000 seeds were employed, representing three experi- 1906.] | PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 31. 241 ments. There is a slight increase shown in this series, due to treatment, which is the most marked in the normal loam and subsoil. TABLE IV.— Showing the Influence of Soil Decoctions upon Germina- tion of Seeds immersed for Six Hours in Decoctions made by per- colating 500 c.c. of Water through 400 Grams of Soil, diluted to One-eighth Strength; 200 Seeds used in Hach Treatment, making a Total of 5,600 Seeds. PERCENTAGE OF GERMINATION IN — SEED. Tap Normal | Normal Boiled Boiled | Sterilized | Sterilized Water. Loam. Subsoil. Loam. Subsoil. Loam. Subsoil. Soy bean, : - | 75.5 75.0 75.5 85.5 85.0 87.0 80.5 Buckwheat, . A 66.5 82.0 83.0 84.5 81.5 78.5 83.5 Radish, . 3 > | 55.0 70.0 69.0 Ted 81.5 78.5 72.0 Lettuce, . : mle 1020 68.5 74.5 98.9 73.0 ie 79.5 Average, . - 66.7 73.8 75.5 86.6 80.2 80.2 78.8 L—_~ —- |e ~— a) he —— —, Total average, | 66.7 74.6 83.4 79.4 The experiment with one-eighth strength decoction shows a decided gain throughout in the treated seeds, the most marked being given by the boiled and sterilized loams and subsoil decoctions. No further dilutions were tried, but from a careful study of the results of these experiments we are inclined to the belief that if more dilute solutions were used an increased gain would occur, especially in the steril- ized series, since the most highly colored decoctions were obtained from the sterilized soils and the next highest color from the boiled soils. It appears to us that the sterilized decoctions were too strong, even when diluted to one-eighth strength. Some variation in the strength of the decoctions is likely to occur as a result of different percolators, and the failure of the one-fourth and one-half strength to show more of an acceleration may be attributed to this cause. The following table gives the number of seeds that germi- nated in the first twenty-four hours in the preceding experi- ments, including tables I., II., III. and IV., from which the degrees of acceleration and retardation due to treatment can be obtained. 242 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. TABLE V.— Showing the Degree of Retardation and Acceleration in Germination of Seeds soaked for Six Hours in Decoctions of Differ- ent Strengths made by diluting 500 c.c. of Water which had per- colated through 400 Grams of Sotl treated as below. PER CENT. GERMINATED IN TWENTY-FOURS HouRs IN— Number of Seeds : - per Tap | Normal| Normal] Boiled | Boiled | Steril Peleg oe Water. | Loam. | Subsoil.| Loam. | Subsoil. Saat’ | Saban. oe _ Soy Bean, Full strength, . : 600 27.7 27.5 30.5 33-1 2020 8.3 27-5 Half strength, . : 200 22.0 20.0 17.0 21.0 23.0 23.0 23.5 Buckwheat. Full strength, . ; 600 56.0 70.1 73.6 63.1 66.6 33.8 70.8 Half strength, . : 400 55.0 44.2 57.5 57.2 31.7 36.7 46.2 Quarter strength, . 400 43.7 59.5 50.2 57.2 59.0 52.7 64.5 Eighth strength, . 200 58.5 70.0 66.0 78.0 74.5 62.0 62.5 Radish. Full strength, . : 800 36.7 27.0 29.8 30.5 37.5 16.6 32.0 Half strength, . : 400 28.0 37-5 30.2 41.7 37-5 43.0 32.2 Quarter strength, . 400 45.0 43.5 39.0 ed 24.0 37.0 37-0 Eighth strength, . 200 32.5 64.5 61.5 68.0 73.0 69.5 61.0 Lettuce. Full strength, . : 800 37.5 35.8 39.3 34.5 41.5 37.3 35.1 Half strength, . : 400 59.0 12.5 63.2 74.0 46.0 50-2 70.7 Quarter strength, . 400 67.0 52.0 55.7 44.5 51.5 53.5 56.5 Eighth strength, . 200 51.0 55.0 55.0 83.0 52.0 72.0 64.5 Average, ; : ~ 41.8 45.3 44.7 47.3 43.7 39.1 45.9 es | +? SS | + YS NY 41.8 45.0 45.5 42.5 Average normal - ——_— $$ and total treated. 41.8 44.3 This table gives the results of germination during the first twenty-four hours of 42,000 seeds, and the degree of accel- eration obtained corresponds in a general way with the total number germinated as given in the preceding tables; or, in other words, the relationship between acceleration and the total number of seeds germinated is similar. Comparing the average number of seeds germinated during the first twenty-four hours by the various treatments with tap water, there are no important differences shown. On the whole, 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 243 however, there is a gain or acceleration due to treatment, the maximum acceleration being shown by the boiled loam. A comparison of the different strengths of solutions shows that the one-eighth dilution produced the best results of any of the treatments, that for boiled loam being the highest. This series of experiments shows that decoctions of soils variously treated induce acceleration in seed germination, and that a larger number of seeds germinated in decoctions than in tap water. This increase is quite marked in dilute decoctions (one-eighth strength), and would probably be increased to some extent if the dilution should be carried still further. In these experiments we have a chemical ex- planation for the cause underlying acceleration and increased germinating capacity in sterilized soils. Undoubtedly driv- ing out the gases and the subsequent absorption and renewal of fresh oxygen in sterilizing practices acts beneficially to soil and induces the seeds to germinate more quickly, as is shown by the aerating experiments previously reported. By the process of aeration, or by soaking seeds in dilute decoctions, many seeds germinate that otherwise would not ; but there is no ground for belief that any of these stimulat- ing processes actually revive or rejuvenate worthless seeds to a greater extent than would result from the most favor- able conditions for germination. Sterilized subsoil, or that lacking in humus, has the same effect on germination as sterilized loam rich in organic mat- ter; but it inhibits growth to a very large extent, thereby differing in this respect. It would appear, therefore, that a considerable amount of humus is necessary in soils, in order that they may be materially benefited by sterilization. The reason that bacteria multiply more and plants grow much more luxuriantly in sterilized soils is undoubtedly due to the fact that a larger amount of available material for plant development is present. Why subsoils and those poor in organic matter give rise to a greatly inhibited growth is not so clear at present, and we are not prepared to offer any explanation of this phenomenon. 244 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. SEED SELECTION. It is a well-known fact that heavy, well-developed seeds produce more vigorous and more productive plants than lighter seeds of the same variety. This is altogether a rea- sonable statement, because the heavy, well-filled seed has the more perfect embryo, and also has the larger supply of plant food on which to support the seedling until the plant is capable of getting its nourishment from the air and soil. With such crops as wheat, rye and the grasses, the selec- tion of seed is not of so very great importance, because usually an overabundance of seeds is planted, and sufficient seeds develop so that in the natural struggle for existence in their overcrowded state the weaker and less vigorous plants are crowded out and only the more vigorous and healthy plants reach maturity ; and this number which reaches maturity represents the maximum number of plants that can be developed under existing conditions, so that nothing in the crop is lost by this crowding out of the weaker plants. On the other hand, with greenhouse, market gardening and general field or what is known as hoed crops, the conditions are entirely different. In this case each plant has its full share of light, heat and space, and a poor, weakly plant is just so much loss, not only because it occupies a space that ought to produce a well-developed plant, but also because a number of undersized, weakly plants in a crop detracts from the market value of the crop as a whole, and also because weak plants are more subject to disease, and act as a breed- ing-place for diseases that may infect the whole crop ; there- fore, the careful selection of seed becomes an important factor in growing plants. In the case of large seeds, such as corn, this selection is comparatively an easy matter. An ear of corn of the desired type, having kernels of a desirable size and shape and of full development, may be picked out, and by discarding the poor, undeveloped seeds at either end the rest of the seeds may be utilized for planting. Here knowl- edge of the type of seed and judgment only may be relied upon. Beans, peas, etc., may be selected in much the same way, with reasonable assurance that the best results will be 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 245 obtained. In the case of such seeds as lettuce, turnip, cabbage, tobacco and other small seeds this method of sepa- ration is not practicable, and other methods have to be resorted to. From early times the separation of seeds by means of water has been practised to a considerable extent. In this case the seed is placed in a quantity of water, well shaken and let stand a few minutes, then the seeds which do not sink are removed, and only those that have sunk used for planting. The results of some of our experiments with this —— of separation are given in the tables following. TABLE I. — Showing the Results of Germination with Onion and Lettuce Seed separated by the Water Method; 400 Seeds used in Each, or a Total of 1,600. | oo Cake GERMINATED OF — Per Cent. Increase of SEED. | Germination. Light. Heavy. of Heavy over Light. Onion, . 5 . : - ; : : 38.0 85.0 142.5 Onion,. : : : : : : ; 50.0 58.5 17.0 Onion, . - : : a . : : 44.0 88.0 100.0 Lettuce, . : F : : é : 68.0 90.0 32.0 TABLE II. — Showing the Results of Seed Germination and Growth of Onion Seedlings separated by Water; 200 Seeds in Lach Lot, or a Total of 400 used. | WEIGHT OF PLANTS Average Per Cent. (GRAMS). Per Cent. ONION. | of Ger- Feralas gained of | anon | Total. | Average. | opie Heavy (sank), . . .| 42.5 85 | 18.1 213 37.42 | { Light (floated), . ay 19.5 38 | 5.9 6155 ~ - Se This method, however, is not entirely satisfactory, because many of the heavier seeds are buoyed up by air bubbles and therefore thrown away, and in our work we have noticed that a few of the undersized seeds also go to the bottom. 246 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. Many investigators! have carried this process still farther, and separated their seeds by what is known as the specific gravity method. In this case solutions of salt (sodium chloride), ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and calcium chloride have been used. For this pur- pose solutions of different specific gravities have been made, in which the seeds were placed, first in that solution with the highest specific gravity. The seeds which floated in this solution were skimmed off and placed in that of the next highest specific gravity, and so on. It has been found that by this method seeds of the same variety, of a uniform, sound condition, differ in specific gravities only within a very narrow range. This, however, does not seem to be a very practical plan, as it involves the making of solutions of tested specific gravity and quite a little mechanical manipu- lation. Another method, known as the specific gravity sampling method, is perhaps of less value, as in this case one lot of seed is compared with others in bulk, without separating the poor and undeveloped seeds. It amounts simply to the choosing of the best lot from several samples of seeds. The separation of seeds by sieves would seem to be the easiest and most practical way, and this method with us has given very good results. We used a series of four sieves, having round perforations of 2 mm., 1.5 mm., 1 mm., and .05 mm. respectively. Ten grams of seed were weighed out and run through this series of sieves, with the following results : — TABLE IIT. — Showing the Results of sifting Seeds, in which LO Grams were enployed. Weight in 10 NUMBER OF SIEVE. Size of Seed. | Grams of Seed Per Cent. (Grams). MOAT ; . : : ; : - | 2.0-1.5mm. | 1.015 10.15 No.2, . 5 ’ . P : E ; 1.5-1.0 mm. 6.689 66.88 No. 3, 1.0- .6mm. 1.800 18.00 INO; ay ; ; ; , . : ; -5b- .O mm. 0.491 4.91 1 Among whom may be noted V. A. Clarke, New York (Geneva) Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 256. 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 247 Five hundred seeds were then counted out from each of these four grades or sizes of seeds, with the exception of No. 4 (.5-.0 mm.), which was composed entirely of chaff, dirt, etc. These were sown in flats and allowed to grow for four weeks, when the seedlings were taken up, counted and weighed, with the following results : — Tas_E IV. — Showtng the Results of Germination and Growth of Seed- lings from Three Experiments with Sifted Lettuce Seed; 1,500 Seeds used in Hach Experiment, making a Total of 4,500 Seeds employed. WEIGHT OF SEEDLINGS Average Per GRAMS). | Cent. gained in Per Cent. | Number of ( : Siam of Seep. germinated.| Seedlings. Ween eae Total. Average. Seedlings. 2.0-1.5 mm., . - F 56.7 672 347.5 .518 98.42 1.5-1.0 mm.,. , : Boeo 642 293 .7 -457 75.09 1.0- .5mm.,. : : 40.4 485 126.3 261 - From this table it will be seen that of the large 16.3 per cent. and of the medium 13.1 per cent. more seeds germi- nated than of the small seeds, and that the four-weeks-old seedlings from the large seed averaged 98.42 per cent. and those from the medium seed 75.09 per cent. heavier than those from the small seed. It will also be noticed that the differences in the per cent. of germination and the weight of seedlings from the large and medium seeds were not very great; but the difference between the germination, and especially in the weight of seedlings of the larger and small seeds, is very marked. We are of the opinion that it would pay a grower to sepa- rate his lettuce seed with a sieve having a mesh of one millimeter in diameter (145 inches), and to use only such seed as did not pass through a sieve of this size. From these plants he could make a further selection, as is custom- ary at the time of transplanting. This would result in saving considerable ground space which is valuable, and not only would a more vigorous and uniform setting of lettuce be obtained, but the treatment would also eliminate many weak and undesirable plants, which are more likely to be sus- 248 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. ceptible to disease. In other words, much of the selection would be done more cheaply and easily by sifting the seed than as it is done.at the present time, by selection in the seed bed. A sieve of the size mentioned can easily be made by purchasing from almost any tin shop a piece of colander tin of 1 millimeter mesh, which can very readily be soldered to a suitable rim, or even fastened to a tomato can which has had the bottom removed. Our experiments in sifting seed have been confined, how- ever, for the most part to lettuce seed; and, while these seeds can be separated in this way very easily, much more difficulty would be experienced in separating some other types of seed, such as turnip or tobacco; and another ob- jection to this method is that the size and weight of seeds do not necessarily correspond, that is to say, a large seed may not necessarily be a heavy one. When seeds are separated by sifting, while the largest size contains practically all of the heaviest seeds and the lighter seed is practically all in the small sizes, there will be a few light seeds in the larger size and a few heavy seeds in the smaller sizes, so that this method by no means gives an absolute division of the seeds by weight, which is the ideal method of seed selection. Mr. A. D. Shamel of the Connecticut (New Haven) Ex- periment Station uses a very satisfactory method for the separation of tobacco seed, which we can do no better than describe in his own words : — This seed separator consists of a glass tube 1 inch in diameter and 5 feet long, and a glass receptacle for holding the seeds, having the diameter of the long glass tube, and so arranged with a finely woven wire screen in the bottom as to hold the seeds in the receptacle, and at the same time freely admit a current of air directly into the seed. The top of this recep- tacle is fitted with a coupling into which the long glass tube can be set and held in place. The current of air is developed by a common foot bellows and regulated with a valve. The seed to be separated is poured into the receptacle, usually about 1 to 2 ounces at a time, the glass tube set in place and a cur- rent of air pumped into the seed. The lightest seed and chaff are first blown out of the tube, and next the small seed. Small 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 249 seed of the same character as the larger seed have proportion- ally more surface than the larger, consequently the small as well as the light seed is removed by this machine. This seems to be the most satisfactory way of separating seed that has yet been devised, and no doubt some simple, inexpensive instrument modelled from this device will soon be available for every farmer and seed grower. The partic- ular advantages of this method seem to be that this device is adaptable to all kinds of small seeds, the only adjustment needed being in the regulation of the amount or force of air sent through, and that by this method the seed is separated according to weight. In conclusion, we believe it desirable with many kinds of garden seeds to separate the seed and discard all except the large, well-developed, mature and heavy seed, because : — First. — About 33 per cent. of seeds as placed on the market consist of dirt, chaff, and small, undesirable seeds. Second. —Small or light seeds do not germinate well, and their seeds produce only poor, small, undesirable plants, which prove inferior in every way. Third. — Heavy seeds produce healthy, large, well-devel- oped plants, that will give maximum crops. Fourth. —Seed selection or separation is an inexpensive process that gives good results. — Asparaaus Rust. The past summer in most parts of Massachusetts has been an extremely dry one, and especially favorable, as was early anticipated, to an early and severe attack of asparagus rust. The confinement of the rust, or at least its injurious stage, to special localities has been the same this season as in other years ; in other words, it has been confined to soils espe- cially coarse, and easily affected by drought. Since 1896 there have been about three severe outbreaks of the rust in this State, such outbreaks being identified with a dry summer, or at least with seasons where there have existed long periods between rainfalls. The fall or teleuto stage, however, has been present every year since 250 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. 1896, and it has always been widely distributed. Any bed which has become once infected with this stage remains so, but fortunately the damage occurring from teleutospore in- fection is insignificant, and in the majority of cases not discernible. Asparagus rust has now become quite well distributed over the United States, but its virulence does not show itself in the same degree for every locality, and the problem of control is by no means everywhere the same, since factors enter into the problem which do not possess the same significance for all locations. In this State rust is most intimately associated with lack of vigor, and more particularly with those factors which underlie vigor, such as supply of water and judicious fertilizing. For this reason the most efficient remedies are based upon those practices the application of which induce vigor. There are a number of remedies which can be applied, some of which have given excellent results. Thorough cultivation and_ fertilization in more than one instance have given results which have proved superior to any other method of treatment. We have observed that the results from weekly cultivation com- bined with judicious fertilization have proved very satis- factory. Irrigation has also proved very effectual during dry seasons; but there is possibly a tendency for asparagus to become too succulent with repeated irrigation, which might possibly render the plant more susceptible to infec- tion. We also believe that an efficient practice pertaining to rust infection consists of burning the old brush in the fall, since a large number of teleutospores are destroyed, which, if left remaining in the ground over winter, would germinate freely in the spring and constitute a dangerous source of infection. We have repeatedly attempted to germinate teleutospores in the early winter, but failed. They will germinate freely in March, however. Moreover, the roots from infested plants, when transplanted in the greenhouse in the fall and left there for a year and allowed to develop tops, have never shown any tendency to rust. This would scem to indicate that not only is a resting period essential, as is usually the case for spores, but freezing also is essen- tial. Weare of the opinion that most beds are infected in 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 81. 251 this State by teleutospores during the spring and summer, and that the mycelium works up through the stem; and if the conditions for the plant are unfavorable, pustules bear- ing uredospores will break out in July or August, whereas, if the conditions for the plant are favorable, pustules bearing teleutospores will make their appearance during September or later. In case uredospores break out in the plant during July and August, other beds in the vicinity, if in suitable condi- tion, will invariably become infected. If, however, the crop is in a vigorous condition, even if located close by, it will resist the outbreak of the rust. This, indeed, has occurred many times in beds side by side, although of different age and vigor, and in the case of those beds more or less remote it may be stated that there are hundreds which have never had any uredo outbreak. We observed a young bed of asparagus the past summer, about two years old, which had never been cut, and which had a teleutospore outbreak early in July. This bed suf- fered much from drought, and was not in an especially vigorous condition. It was, however, located on soil of fine texture, intermingled with coarse pebbles. There was little inclination for the plants of this bed to grow worse, notwithstanding the fact that drought prevailed, and it re- mained in practically the same condition all summer. On dry soil this never occurs, since it is the uredo stage that makes its appearance in these soils in July and August ; and plants infected with this stage turn brown in a short time after they become infected. Moreover, the teleuto- spore outbreak occurring in summer is a perfectly harmless factor, as far as immediate infecting of the bed is concerned. Our studies of the rust problem have shown that there is an intimate connection existing between the texture and water contents of soils and uredospore outbreaks, and a series of water determinations of different soils during the season would probably bring out some interesting facts. Spraying with Bordeaux mixture has not proved satis- factory in this State as a means of controlling the rust, and little or no use is now made of it for this purpose. Some reports have been made concerning the use of the 252 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. sulphur wash spray recommended by Prof. R. E. Smith, formerly of this station. This mixture, which consists of sulphur, soap, potash and water, possesses remarkable stick- ing qualities, and it is undoubtedly the most efficient mix- ture recommended for spraying for asparagus rust. AN APPLICATION OF THE COPPER SULFATE TREATMENT. Early in the summer the college pond became so overrun with Alge as to be unsightly, and the smell of this decay- ing vegetable matter was so unpleasant that it became neces- sary to treat it. Microscopic examinations of the water showed that it contained a considerable amount of short suspended fila- ments, of a slightly whitish or greenish color, which proved to be Anabena flos-aque, a form of Alge found frequently in public water supplies, and which gives rise to consider- able trouble. The water content of the pond was roughly determined, and then treated with 1 part of copper sulfate to 4,000,000 parts of water. The required amount of copper sulfate was placed in a loosely woven sack and hung over the stern of a canoe, which was paddled around the pond in concentric circles for about one-half an hour, when all the copper sulfate was dissolved. This is the method recom- mended by Drs. Moore and Kellerman in their work on treating reservoirs with copper sulfate. A careful exami- nation of samples taken twenty-four hours after treatment showed a slight decrease in Anabeena, and in two or three days it had practically disappeared. Spirogyra, which was present along the shores near the inlet at the time of treatment, was not affected, and subse- quently a number of large clumps were found in a flourish- ing condition in different parts of the pond, and many forms of Algee, such as Desmids and Diatams, appeared not to be in the least affected by the treatment. Neither did the animal life seem to be affected in any way by the treatment, as no ill effects could be noted on the fish, frogs, tadpoles or other fauna inhabiting the water. Of the Protozoa, the Ceratium was very numerous both before and after treatment, and was in no wise affected by 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 253 the copper. Daphna, a form of Crustacea, was also plenti- ful, and experienced no ill effects from the copper treat- ment. From day to day the bacterial contents of the water were determined, with the results shown in the following table :— Copper Sulfate Test on Massachusetts Agricultural College Pond Water. | Number of Bacteria DATE OF TAKING SAMPLE. per Cubic Centimeter of Water. 1905. June 17 (one hour after treatment), . . j C : ‘ 2 6,224 Juneld, . : : : é ; é ee 4 : C - 3,465 ES a ae 219 June2l, . : : ; : - ; ; ; : ‘ : ~ 336 June 22, . = : : - ; . 5 : - é - - 1,583 Pane 23,. « : ; . : 7 : : . : . : 1,187 June 24, . : = 3 ° x 2 : : : é F Z 538 June 25, . : ~ - - = - : ; . . : - 1,144 June26, . . : - ° ; F : : : : , - 1,399 June 27, . - : c : - ; tins. i , : - 1,144 June 28, . : : : - : a : ; : ; : : 616 June 29, . - f : “ : - : ; : : - - 763 June 30, . “ : : : : ‘ : : - - - . 1,145 July 1, . - ° 3 ; ‘ - : - : ; : 2 1,078 auly 3, - : = ~ : - : : , - - 1,075 Sept. 16, . 3 - A : A ; : : : . F = 990 Sept. 17, . + Bee ies ; 5 : : : : : 1,017 Sept.1s, . ae: . - : od Ranta as : 2 ; - 990 Sept.19, . : : : : - - . . ; : : 636 From this table it will be seen that the bacteria decreased very rapidly for the first few days after treatment, and, while they slowly increased again, they never reached their former numbers. The results obtained on June 24, 28 and 29 may be attributed to an unusually clear or settled state of the water on those days, while when the other samples were taken the water was considerably agitated, either from the effects of rain or wind. A second treatment was contemplated in September for the 254 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. purpose of studying the effects of copper sulfate on bacteria ; but as the bacteria showed no appreciable increase at this time, we thought it not worth while to inaugurate another experiment. Samples of water taken one hour and twenty- four hours after treatment were tested for copper by the foods and feeding department of the station ; and, while possible traces of the copper were found, they were so small and un- certain that no copper could be reported. In these tests the ferrocyanide method was employed, which in numerous other cases has failed to give reliable results where such small quan- tities of copper are present. At the time these chemical tests were being made for cop- per there came to our notice a test described and recommended by Dr. Ewerts,! which claimed to detect one part of copper in 30,000,000 parts of water. This test is based on the in- hibiting action of copper to diastatic action. This method was given a trial in the foods and feeding chemical laboratory, and found to be unsatisfactory. Quite likely, however, a detailed study of this latter method, together with some practice, will prove it to be of some value. The result of this single experiment with copper sulfate in treating the college reservoir is not sufficient in itself to allow deductions of great value. They corroborate, however, the experiments made by Messrs. Moore and Kellerman on the Belchertown reservoir, and those made elsewhere, in showing that Anabcena is extremely susceptible to copper, and can readily be killed by this method of treatment. Moreover, the general clearing up and rapid disappearance of odor from the water two or three days after treatment, together with the falling off of bacteria, was quite noticeable. It should be stated, however, that there was a fall of about 20° in the temperature on the third day after treatment, which would have a tendency to affect Anabena,; and about one and one-half inches of rain fell between the 19th and 24th of June. 1 Ztschr, Pflanzenkrank, Bd. XIV., 3 Heft., p. 133. 106. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT—No. 31. 255 A COMPARISON OF THE NUMBERS OF BACTERIA IN STERILIZED AND UNSTERILIZED SOILS. BY A. VINCENT OSMUN. There has been repeated inquiry as to the effect steriliza- tion of soil has upon its bacterial flora. In the absence of any reliable experiments touching upon this question, it has frequently been assumed that by soil sterilization the bac- teria, and especially the beneficial ones, are destroyed, hence injuring the soil. In regard to this question, it may be stated that little is known about either the so-called bene- ficial or injurious bacteria of greenhouse soils; and, in con- sequence of a paucity of knowledge upon this phase of the subject, positive statements are out of place. From what is already known about the effects of soil sterilization upon plant growth and the changes which such soil undergoes, it might be assumed upon a@ priori grounds that soil bacteria would be found to exist more abundantly in sterilized soil than in unsterilized soil. Moreover, it must be borne in mind that absolute sterilization is never accomplished, but something more closely approaching pasteurization takes place. All bacteria are by no means killed, as has been shown by various tests made at this ‘station.1 Subjecting soils to steam heat has a marked stimulating effect on the erowth of plants. Observations at this station and experi- ence of growers have shown this to be true. Just why this treatment of soil should stimulate the growth of plants is not known. Sorauer? suggests that steam heat makes the humus compounds more available to plants. I[t is not un- likely that steam flowing through a soil also improves its mechanical condition. The stimulating effect of soil sterilization on plant growth suggested a similar effect on the bacterical content of soil so treated; and in order to obtain more evidence regarding this point this experiment was planned : — Two boxes about 20 inches square and 9 inches deep and of equal weights were filled to the depth of about 5 inches 1 Hatch Experiment Station, Massachusetts Report, 1902, pp. 77, 78. ? Sorauer, The Physiology of Plants, pp. 45, 46. 256 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. with equal amounts by weight of soil from the supply bin of the station greenhouse. Before filling the boxes a quantity of soil from the bin was thoroughly mixed, and the boxes filled from that, so that the soils in the two boxes were as nearly alike as possible. The soil in one box was treated for half an hour with flowing steam applied through per- forated tubes buried beneath the surface; the soil in the other box was untreated. One week after sterilization a sample was taken from each box for the determination of the numbers of bacteria in the soil, after which the boxes were placed on a platform scale and brought to equal weights with water. Water was similarly applied every day during the experiment, and the soil always contained from 17 to 20 per cent. moisture. Samples for the determination of the quan- titative bacterial content of these soils were taken at inter- vals of about two weeks. The soil was frequently stirred, and at the times of sampling the entire contents of each box were thoroughly mixed and pulverized. The results of this experiment are tabulated in the accom- panying table : — Showing the Relative Number of Bacteria in Sterilized and Unsteril- ized Loam. NuMBER OF BACTERIA PER GRAM DATE OF TAKING SAMPLE. OF Dry Sor. Jil wh ater Lewy etter. RRR tail eee Lee flized, Unsterilized. 1905. Aprils; =. . : ; : 6,742,000 56,273,000 Aprill8, . 2 : : ; : 64,596,000 39,080,000 May l, 2 : - ‘ - “ 66,089,000 31,372,000 May 16, . ‘ 7 ns : 2 29,963,000 8,029,000 June |, ; ‘ ‘ F ° ; 26,666,000 14,634,000 The figures in this table show that steam flowing through soil for half an hour not only does not kill all the bacteria in that soil, but that it seems to act as a stimulus, causing rapid mutiplication of numbers. Practically all vegetative forms would be killed, but most spores would be uninjured, and, given favorable conditions after treating, would germi- nate. One week after sterilization the treated soil contained 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 381. 257 nearly 7,000,000 bacteria per gram. This number is prob- ably considerably in excess of the number in the same soil immediately after sterilization, but it indicates that treating soil with live steam at about 210° F. for half an hour does not kill all the bacteria in that soil. The untreated soil con- tained a good number of bacteria at the beginning, — about 56,000,000. During the four weeks immediately after the first samples were taken there was a phenomenal increase in the number of bacteria in the sterilized soil. From 7,000,000 per gram at the beginning the number had advanced to nearly 65,- 000,000 at the end of two weeks, and after four weeks to over 66,000,000. On the other hand, the number in the un- treated soil showed a steady decrease, for which no cause is at present apparent. After six weeks the numbers of bacteria in both sterilized and unsterilized soils had dropped way below the numbers found at the end of four weeks. During the next two weeks the sterilized soil continued to drop off, though not to any great extent, while the unsterilized soil advanced. At this point it became necessary to discontinue the taking of samples because of the press of other work. We are unable to account for the decrease in numbers of bacteria in either sterilized or unsterilized soil. A similar decrease in numbers of bacteria has been noted in other ex- periments in the greenhouse in which unsterilized soil was used. The temporary increase in numbers in the sterilized soil may be attributed to the stimulus given by the steam heat ; and it appears also that sterilization had a tendency to overcome, for a time at least, the antagonistic agency or agencies which caused the decrease in the unsterilized soil. More extended experiments and observations are necessary before definite conclusions can be reached regarding the effect of so-called sterilization on the bacterial contents of soils ; but from the results obtained in this experiment and from tests of other soils, both sterilized and unsterilized, we may con- clude that steam treatment of soils greatly stimulates bacterial development in them, and that if certain as yet unknown ad- verse conditions can be removed, the high numbers may be retained indefinitely. 258 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. (Jan. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGISTS. C. H. FERNALD, H. T. FERNALD. The year 1905 has been marked by a great abundance of insects of many kinds, while the two years preceding were equally marked by their scarcity. To this fact is probably due the large increase in the amount of correspondence the present year, nearly two thousand letters having been sent out, besides an unrecorded amount of printed matter, in an- swer to questions received. Investigations as to the number of broods and times of appearance of the codling moth and oyster-shell scale have been continued during the season, and should be repeated for several years to come, that reliable date averages may be obtained, and thus the best times for the treatment of these insects be ascertained. Several private insecticides have been more or less tested and the results noted, statements of these having been sup- plied in each case to the persons sending the materials. While some of these substances were shown to have a cer- tain value for the destruction of insects, it was noticeable that they were no more effective than well-known insecticides costing less, or that they were injurious to the foliage of the plants they were tested on. In fact, none of the materials tested at this station during the year can be considered as adding anything of value to our present list of standard in- secticides, though it has taken considerable time from other work to establish these negative results. The collections of the division have, as usual, been given the needed care and have been added quite considerably to during the year, while additional facts as to the distribution of insect pests in Massachusetts and their habits have been 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 259 gathered and recorded. The card catalogue has been kept abreast of the new publications and improved in many ways, and requests for the information it contains are frequently received from other stations and from individuals. Some study has been given to the carnation twitter, and the identity of the insect causing this trouble has been ascer- tained with considerable though not absolute certainty. Further investigations on this subject will be made during the coming year if material to study can be obtained. Special researches have also been continued on the Asilidee or robber flies; the Pyralide, a group including many very injurious insects; the Bombine or bumble bees and their habits; and on the Sphecide or digger wasps, these studies being of the entire groups; while a Cecidomyiid on oak, the stalk borer and several other species have received special attention individually. The erection of a new greenhouse during the summer has greatly improved the facilities of the division for entomo- logical research, besides being an excellent example of modern greenhouse construction. With a house which is reasonably tight and which can be kept warm during the winter it has been possible to begin a series of experiments to determine the resistant power of various forcing crops to fumigation. The business of raising crops under glass in Massachusetts is @ very large one, and in too many places is greatly inter- fered with by the presence of insects which can only be con- trolled by fumigation with hydrocyanicacid gas. The strength of fumigation necessary to destroy these insects is now well known in most cases, but the charge which the plants can resist under all conditions of growth is not; and many an owner has refused to fumigate a badly infested house for fear of killing his plants along with the insects. From the ex- periments now under way, and which it will require several years to complete, it is believed that data can be obtained of such a nature that any person who desires to treat a green- house will be able to do so with entire safety to the plants, and yet kill the insects which may be present. 260 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. (Jan. INSECTS OF THE YEAR. The present year has been favorable for the rapid increase of insects in Massachusetts, and, though no one species has been present in overwhelming abundance, each has done its part in attacking crops of all kinds. The San José scale is as abundant as it has ever been in the State, and is spreading farther each year. Where its presence is neglected it makes itself speedily felt ; but with the methods we now have for its control there is no reason why it should be more than a nuisance in the future, requir- ing treatment every two or three years, like any of our other pests. Cutworms and wire worms have given much trouble, par- ticularly in the eastern and central portions of the State, while but little has been heard of root maggots this season. The army worm has caused considerable injury locally on some of the cranberry bogs and elsewhere in southeastern Massachusetts, and in the central and western parts of the State the moths of this pest have been more abundant than for some time. It has now been nearly ten years since the last outbreak of this insect, and it is not unlikely that another may be due before long, if unknown factors do not develop to prevent it. Inquiries about insects have covered a wider range than usual, but the most numerous questions have been about sev- eral species of scale insects, plant lice of different kinds, red spiders, borers, datanas, the bean weevil and the red-humped apple-tree caterpillar. Since the Legislature placed the work on the gypsy and ‘ brown-tail moths in the hands of a special commission, no particular attention has been given them here ; but some facts observed in connection with their distribution are here noted, as they have been gathered by members of the station. A few tents of the brown-tail moth were observed in Amherst last spring and others were received from Martha’s Vineyard, while several were found on Nantucket last fall, showing that this insect is widely distributed over the State. Several cases have also been reported to the station of the presence 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 261 of the gypsy moth outside of the territory originally occu- pied by it, and these observations have been confirmed by inspectors of the Gypsy Moth Commission. That this insect is now rapidly spreading there can be no doubt, and it is too probable that the entire State will before long be infested by these two insects, which are among the worst enemies to man which occur in the United States. eee A IND ILX: OP eae ry at =< y 1 wae rive i ’ 4% ‘ A ’ a ob ” a i" i = < 4 Z j By ** { f a i " { a e ar: a, _ 2 A a he a = . ° : . ~ A a 5 yen COMPILATION OF ANALYSES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS, REFUSE SALTS, ASHES, Lime Com- POUNDS, REFUSE SUBSTANCES, GUANOS, PHOs- PHATES AND ANIMAL EXCREMENTS. H. D. HASKINS, . Chemicals, refuse salts, etc. . Ashes, marls, lime compounds, etc. . Refuse substances. . Guanos, phosphates, etc. . Animal excrement, etc. . Average per cents. of the different ingredients found in the preceding compilation of analyses, calculated to pounds per ton of 2,000 pounds. H © 2 Os Or 1868 to 1905. This compilation does not include the analyses made of licensed fertilizers. They are to be found in the different bulletins and annual reports of the State inspector of ferti- lizers from 1873 to 1895, which are contained in the re- ports of the secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture for these years, and in the bulletins of the di- vision of chemistry of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College since March, 1895. No valuation is stated in this compilation, as the basis of valuation changes from year to year. In the following compilation of analyses of agricultural chemicals, refuse materials, manurial substances, etc., the signification of the star (*) prefixed to the name of the substance is that the compilation is made up of analyses subsequent to the year 1897. It was believed that a com- pilation made up of more recent analyses would more nearly 266 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. represent the present general chemical character of the sub- stances, and would therefore be of more practical value. It must be understood that the chemical character of many of the refuse substances used for manurial purposes is con- stantly undergoing changes, due to frequent variations in the parent industry. As a rule, in all succeeding analyses the essential con- stituents are determined and stated; blanks do not imply the absence of the non-essentials. t™ le) 2 PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 1906.) 96°S |S6°T = |GLePr|) = gL = SANGHA) SS = as = |UD OS c8° = OF sCliete C6" a el | 6° rs EL EP) = 86° = a = = og: 0g" = = = OL? jO8°8F, - = = 96° PLIS9°9 SS Aiaoeltel = = S1°S |¥9°0Z) -— |93°02| - cad iby etd: ba 6E* = =) = = = Q Q mR ry AE ee ja S e; i] lo” Mo] me S, S = |g eS Lie. 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HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. 270 ipod = hse | =} = lou rel = GEO a. fee ee lm ee OOerat ee ede ie = IR SEQ EES] = |---| = |S0°9 leo'T leas] Crane eet km HOO TH Sees st al So SRS Sass = | om ee = Heoreg|) = =4] = | \— }0e°T joe isr-egiesse GOtG Alp ose = er sl SPL Rane Gece ah, See ec tea oS ge Sp6 = S| - | = ipa eg] €8°6 | — joss jog-ze| —- {99°F joo-os| - go-oc]} - | - | - joo9 | - jor-er - GL°98) = = Le"Pe Gh lpi eel = Soe) Sl eam): = NTO. 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LOG *“NADOULIN *popnpouo,) — +970 ‘spunodwmoy away ‘spunyy ‘saysy “7 6) * TIRVW x vl PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 1906.] “OUON ¢ ‘OOUAL I TO ltteer tg = [IGOR tle ee Pee yaaa PG eo ee OG OMler ts Ere qye ree ane CL CONG EB ODOR) Sonia Abie Vikan ee 1) (GT jee tee (QOPCE NLL IE nore EE ALE Races aime yh FN ee hea OO Cale Gai he Te ee eo ep aLEn else eee | - = 2 - lett l9o°-z lege | - a - ler: - -— |l6L- - - jlezp] - - - (90°91) T | S(svpnosnlopy vIQhulhT) ws[v ws018-9n[ gq eas ee ees ee uae ae ee eae ree ORR th ce ee aimee) ale —HOGeeT med ds Se Oe SSCS eB Sy oe a ee ee me cee rea I Se Ge a alee ANOS Fe al NT ee a PELL crt oc ame SORE UO UOORE i ase ne ea ae ORO Bale Mpg" Cap = a eR Pol Seach MRR alias wae ee eae aire Oem Ucn SUES ae Sa te ee Se el = Mogepa t=) = See ae PE) is LORE AG eee Uae Me Gl ae Ce cose ndey -/-=-{/-]- }]- 1] - | = | = fog-oripe-z | - llogzt) - | - eee ee OO Gal aie SIO CGal ve Ea eae OF fae ISTEP OUOr Tae Sa PS a ea ralty Pa Apis GLIRe: EOS alles. ok = te Clee ORO eo Tale Lal ine = ae Cay Oe) “eins pit e ess eS OUOd DUE POOL See Watcecs yf to al. etl vote ites tA Natal > Hee me Oat a ue Se ee aie ema |e = SSR, Solr Gleeiiy 2 gh cl eae ee OTR RLOULUIY ‘saowmysqny asnfoy *& | Be POW NEGO he Gh eee NBO S07. 160" SSR SILA" UT" =o seg Noe =" NSO5Sh Gap Set BS 8 SCO eTOPOIT: ger = = = = — \zr-PLl = = = = = = = - - - - ~ - - |os° j eye : . : * + SQUITT 998B AA x ee°z | - x 2 = - |gp-pe] - = a. = = = = = = — |leg: - - — |ge- Bellies : * SKTOUULY WOAT DUTT OISV AA % CUE ty sai le ve Ale a) GE OR) (ci er ptae aa ae EO Crit seating mt AGO R Rac. = aa ica) as - OLS] Tl °° * Sayse poomM-gnuye AA x ee me BS AE a eal aS eh Se em ae UO) sen ioe LT Sele mark | ee te a = WEOTE | aa A te ROOTETO MODAN CO rr scl a a MI le ae oe SI eee engl = ce Ne ete all eal e ROP Ca) SES “ac Soar BRU OSEAN TOO AK x 1a eh = Se ele B86 SE) = bo Sl = PT eos a0“ icrre ZEB eesti |, = 4180"STGe°"O 8 nF Ee BOTS POO Ally |g LMP pet ee IRs ae As Cig: Wa | RRNA P|) | a a sk Ns he Ne Se Ey, OL Rp BURG SBC UG Te ee es oa Me POO OORT he |e HOG? ke Seen le rt = is J hotmcel Ser Et Legh; ag at 7 Ra eae Re HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. 2 p90" GG" GP 19°F 86°91 to" 9L°*8& ‘19qIV eTqnyosuy To *9ULIO ea ek esto EBA > = = 166 1 |Fieeel! Palernt 2) aoe MeE i iz = Gees = = = = = 199" = = = = =) SPE 3 _ — — — 19° =e eles hos eer 1B | = - | -]- | - joe | - mM fog Ss ae | Ri rs} = S |2 126) 6 be & = ie OF =f @B [o) } 5 Pe i> |ZaloB| oO] £ A ° a: ° mn a a Qu a oO > (on io @ ‘ LE oe a Ralee @ ‘ploy ooyd alqnposuy -soud ‘ploy orsoyd -Ssoygd poe dosaoy ‘ploy o1moyd “SOUd 9[QNLO§ 09°% |go" Jon's A aa aed al ze* js" |go- a NN 1 a Be ag: jog: |p a eae OG sip a los Pe Se Poe ILL [08's |F9°1 aly (es BLS |LE"T [93°% LO See Re alee [l Pe | a | |e eile 14 g iE |: oe a “d1IOY O1LNOHdA -SOHd TIVLOY, pe SLL Isp |Z9°L aw | > | = Gar = = y9° isp j9L° EK aa Sie C8°l 3 = SHE) =| TPL \26°L [PL 86" = = 0%°L |F9° lors eL-Or: - |= sro] - | - 2 \ Ete ® B E ‘HSV.LOg Lor 6") == — |[06°8 [O8°FT OL OL/66°L [SS°S1)|LE°9 [Sh Or 82° = — |186°0¢)89° CE €0°T |GG° |09°T ||LS°S1/¢F"9 83" = = — |96°6& 6¢° = x = AEE IGT |F8° |PE°L ||Gh° FE|Z0° Fs = = S — |1S°GP 96° 3 = — |80°F ce k= ok - [88°F ¥o°S |66°L | - - |g8°9 6° = = = -|§0°6 SI'S |89°F |G8°S |0L°S |FO°L aw es = - |¢L°T8 OOF Eh = Tio Wek, EF ee || = — |88°§ ale lel |E : B 5 ® *NEOOULIN PS ere eg ~ it 9 Il l I ‘gosA[vuy ‘quod pue yeout wor dnos poliqd ‘poolq poltd « snp 00340) ‘Aap ‘aJSVAA 109100 x ‘UOTIVULLOF [B10D x s 2 : = Qsup ¥10D x QaM fOJSUM 1109J90D » “sodwoo 0103900 x ° * ‘sSuriddoap paes-0}}00 x snp poaas-09}0/D x : : * ‘TRaU padS-00990H x : : S ‘QISUML BABSSED x ‘Qovmuod UBIG-1O]SED x * {UWIBAIS BUOG PesuapUOH x ‘SSUIYSUA [OOM Pa]VIJUIDUOD x ‘S]TQYS BVODOD x “STVINSLV]L YAZITILYSY ‘ponulyuog — saownjsqny asnfay *& 273 PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 1906.) 96°81 CST. 89°T 96° c0°&1 &1°S |€9°L OL 18° 68° ST/6G"8 C6°1T/96°¢ 99°T \OF'F 89°S |$E°1 I LIT $9°€ |\69°% IPL" 69° TL}96°S SL"P |t9°F 62" = 80°9 60°L [89°F ¢3° 91 1g° = ¥6°% LO | o= bL° = gg" gg" 18°8 j0G°¢ oP° iz CLT 9¢°8 68°8 §8° L0°9T cT° GL°9 |ss"s oP L&g°s |8T° 16° |136° ! 8L° 11 19°T [g°ST 69°S 90°S 8L°T c0°S GL° c6°S LE°T L6°V L6°¢ 00°S coh CG" 92°¢ ge"T [6° PPT 96°8 |90°9 |8F° OT LP'vL cs |F6°S 66° |BL°S SPS j09°L Ger ITP L Ly’ |S6°% OL° {96° 8° =|L6°T SOS I PL*99/80°S |Ea°s = ji|tsrcd 06° 02/78°8 FIT |0S°6 — 16L°S — |LS°0P OS°ST|9F° SP 69° 0Z|6L° 0 — |86°h% FL &F/96°9 > |8S°19 &S° SE/ FS ° 6% 06° ZS|LL* St 09°ST/68° os LORY, = (66°31 — |9F°T% CL° OP 18°8 0¢°L 108°OL if ert) re Poet ete ER IG) ete St orc red for) ve) I ‘SSUIABYS ULOTT ‘osnjod Wsoon[y ‘souoq puno.ry x posvurp fou0g punorsy *SULOJS ODNBG0I PUNO *‘gsoul yvod UBULIOY x ‘QSVYUBY OSVOIBY * “pnuUl 107BM-YSod ‘107 UM “gua Lod OF UBYY VIOUL YALA St . ‘101UM *qu00 Jod OF 03 0Z UJIM YS LAT ‘amg JO-YSoaL 7 x ‘SSULYSOLA x ‘OISUM OIA + ‘9SN IAL JOT §OI9UM ALOPB A x ‘SSUL9 [OT ‘puod woayz qyisodaq x ‘pon ody woay ssurspaiq » 5 ‘IOALY SopAVYO wWoay qIsodoq + . . . ‘UIVIS pOSBUvG » ‘asp punoas Arq x *qooJ 01}9¥O SuLtopuora woay duos portqd [ Jan. I TA TUTUL HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. “aULLO[YD "ploy ormoqiey ‘ploy o1mydng UWINISeuse *SOpIxXO 9 “TV pue o1110,7 *194AVIL Vrqnyjosuy “Oprxo = les [ease fa0'L |= [Re "OT[eLrer| = = ye ee AEE es Ci) = = ire el oS? yt. oto Khe femed pee ses. OS" OL = — z =P OSG lee = |itee = = UAE ee me = NGG Lae P : * 9qsVM A10}OBJ OODO.LOTL Se eso (ies! Nebeo bem ime Nieto leo Neep te ey i ienget gi os. 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I i = - jOL°L ie : ; * fgsnyad Jooq-1Bsug oS a ee ee oe =/f 22= el GOEG98T o> Well C0" EE beagle Aes el ke a | ae = - fort] Tl° °* ° * “qovtq-em0q yuedg, = = Z < = = = = = = - — || ge - - {10° = Salt een) = - = re. Li : * ‘areas SrtaMoig guedg 2 = = = = = = a = = 5 = Ate = = = = = FAS | Cal = =r Pie cole Ts bos * ‘Sulsepuar as1oy wor dnog E Pe hoe Set eee | oe serporrrtestl] - | - | - || Tee [Tes los |ise-Teles-ez] 3] °° °° Sesnyor asvars-duog 3) ed = = F = = = = Se LOe = a 2 Or 7 - 10° oy = - joo°rL| TI° : > > * —- §9YSBAA SUIZIS x a =) [a (oer a ee Sot Peo k= al ier O° © |Fe? = | =) = "ll go°E ler spe = jeerzol 31°. * °-~ *. 7. ‘ogeed Sarigs = GO*6g| - = = Seal crea Orsini ce = a = (63) ates |] a = = = 3 SVG | — 7 — |Co°L jh [Pa : : , * 9snjor asuods ae = 7 = = * a Ohm = = = = NES: = = 168" a = fr ble - - |cT’L Tale : : : : ‘q1sodap VIS x K i BEeROOte SA et mE ie ee RO Hie = a es BE BGS HERRERO O8|H Sith te = S| eR GE SOR ey NOT" = = Jccel 962 Se RlkGrs | — || PPL |PL° |GL°S |1G6°S |9G°L [68°F || 9B°L |LO°L [Ch°L NGL Ssigh°st) 3] ° ‘ : A * ‘Kap ‘peas yvoy = = Q Q mM by Q!| nm 4 ™m e ies ee L e |e 1B 18 les e ae] & lols ® mo ole gee eee a Pe eo ee H Sie le (s 124) Ses e (esiesg es § |e Te Pe |e |B ee aes a ae a eB eer ee! Bee |e bee ea eee eee re op | 8 2 |B | & + |< 4 ee lee Wee Le Bleb |= pas ee ee So le le ile 1 Irs cS, /e Je 5 13 a 5 © } S Vok al v ro) > he > o 2 B 8 . B 8 . B 5 © 2 “STVIUALVAL VAZITILUIY = % | Bes B Selle PaO ° ° : : Z 2 a | O | Be et Pett [eat | cea | ei + eg | pel es me | Oo | Me) ee) el) earIoy o1m0Hd aan if S| : *B| a F] . e -SOH 'IVLOY, VLOg NADOULIN | ‘popnpouo0g — saounysqny asnfoay “& 6 06.) 8o°Té C26 cL° 98°T OL°S LY’? by a ke LO" TL 88° FE 00° FT|9L° §9°G c0"s g9°s 69° 90°T ¥6°T eq" C6"% L6°TT OF* 91° |9F°66 = |Khehets) =. (Nite FO°L |09° FF 86°E |§0° 26 ZL OS|LL" O1 FO 9T/OL' FT - |10°92 - 00°62 98°9 16%" 6L - |7e-9¢ - |z9°n 9L° S21OT OT 10° Tz\¢o" 1 89° 8c} Fos - |z0°8 - 09°8 ll6T TFILE "eG ‘SOARO] ISOIOF AIP JOQVAISC 109V A x ‘sSuldeaos 9UOqoTBU MA ‘£ILOJOVF 09VJOV[ WOT O9SBVAA "MBI “QBVOU OTBU AA ‘OUTLVYTV ‘SSUIYSBA [OO AA ‘plow ‘SSUITSBM [OOM ‘AMULBUA COdYS PUB OISVA [OO AA x ‘IOJUM “SSUTYSVM TOO AA ‘OISUM [OO AA ‘sSuUlsnp [00 AA x ‘pout o[qv}050 A » ‘OSBVYUR} polIpuy . . . ‘ang, ; ‘arqy yIdooy, + “TOYIVOM JO UOLY “Ov OY} 0} posodxod sylVIs OoOVqOT, x * *Suloqs OOORQOT x * SOABOT ODOBGO, * snp oooRqoy, x ° * 9SRyuvy, x “4008 x “7 35 “prion a7eg (Jan. STATION. HATCH EXPERIMENT 278 ors *I9}eY BTqnposuy L°g =e RO ie = Seve 98S.) = Sa lsoe aa Oko Q Q mj 1c) 23 2 EI BS ° o ue) m4 a oer fy BO Be 5 et Bo uls ® ce) me 2 eee Ok 5 > | a lies | eee z & lak ofr, “Oplxo WINISOUSeIL 6P LE 16° FL/80°L G6°68) — FO TLILLE'9 LOT) = ae & te] & Be § ® 5 ae S) Neen M | oO 14°) Pa fa) Ssryrea'L | - OL" 93|88* = 69° 9S)0OL" = 60°F |6L°S |06°F COP |Sh°S |S6°E cF’s SI°L 60°S§|60°S | - SSaG| ss a SP 9G} — = GL 9S/OL’ SE/FE* OF 8L°FT] - fe GP OT/8S° FLI9G" Ge 16° 03/98" ST||8L° LP\Gh* SF|FL* OS OFS |86°S1)|9S° LT /09° ST|E6° 02 LL“ 9G|TL*STEh* SE CS* STFS" TL/9T° 91 &o"é GS°6 |FO°S |00°FT)/98" CE°S |96°S |FF'S 1G°Ss) = . 86° 8/9" OL FS* 06 VEGSi> = = AICS SL SE|29°SElPL" LE GE°S |L8°S |€9°6 ||SL°ST/09° TT91° 6T onl 2°) ™M A nS ik oa; 5s uo, oe oo (fst o joy) oO go ioe lie ee) eo) a fo} ° ° Ww BING td ‘OSVIOAV “TaMUIo “TOMI XB ‘dI0y O1NOHa -SOHG TVLOL LUT L°S 0O°T |€9°9 |/TS°T *QSVIOAY €o° 06°T = |S BE | B | & S | B |B *HSV.LOg 9L° = = 6Leo5 | = = PLS |99°L |¥9°F LO°T 189° |PL°S §8°F \OL°L |96°9 P36) | = = L¥°9 |8S°% |TS°OL > = = a |B | & 9 5 =i os) = eS ‘NEOOULIN, SiGcee tiie E 3 : : ‘ouuNS puLIs] BUOTT x - |9 PT Te lie 7 ; *‘oyeydsoyd yyos vploypy x eg o|° . : ‘ayzydsoyd yoor Beplopy x - OL tlio °° ° ° ‘ouvns puyrereueg , — “|LP°9 Gules : 2 * {Boll BMOG PaA[OSsiq x = ALGO o|°' °° °* ‘ayeydsoydasedns aiqnoqg. - joo'rt] sgi* ° ° °* Sxovlq-etoqg peATossiq x = sires a te : * *(BITIO1O) OURS UvBaqqluarg =) |Gcho) © S Ibe ; : , ; - ‘ousns ueqng = SSIs, ve || © > ‘“Eqng ‘BUBAB] WOay OULNS Iw x OOS ESS Grae : * “pmol Wor ouvns Jeg ¥o°S1|60°0F} 6 | * : , * ‘sexo, WOIy OUBNS Jeg = 109°% Beles g : > oyeydsoyd oT TaAyqoorg = 109F 1 SG ce. je SSR Sage) =. Seay aa liPon il hae 5 ; 3 : * ‘Yse ouog x ah ey lee : ; ; ‘avydsoyd uvisped x == Ieee rai : F - el ate - qnudy . = 19°00) FP” ; : ; * ‘ayvydsoyd pry x “STVINALY]L YAZITILYS ‘aja ‘saypydsoyd ‘souvny “F PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 1906. ] 6F° 86 c9°P 09° SL LO°TL 60° 6 SLs LG°G OG*P IL 0G 98° § G8°SL 09°68 Gr Ts TS°G |P8°LE 90° TESS" 09° PGOF'S $9°S |6P°S OF STLO-S G8" GLE" 06° 66/99" 1 FL oo" FOS Par Sh eee TO cele ellie ig ae aI cas bs ZO" |e9" |e6re cc" ej EA = B 00°S8) - i 68°C§) - = 68°Eso) — = 90° 86/89" Ge|L8° TE 08'S | - : SL°G 6P* G0" C8"G 60° WE Jom ar cs"9 GEE 09° LT cy cE 6&°8 99°96 Po IL Lek 99°§ To" &f cé"8 66° SP 06° £6 OLeT 86°SL L0°6 Lg" 00°L 68° 08° 68° OT G8°FT/96°S |09°0G|1Z9°S [FIT |80°F |98°9 |FF°F |OS° ST||T9° LE|8o" ST SL°LITL’ F182" 16 PS" GLO ST PL" TE||88" 9S°Fal — = Le" ‘ : ommuvil dooyg » : : ‘Arp ‘ayjorpno. et CANE UUM Tex 9° . ‘OINUVUL OSLOFT : * ‘osnyjor osnoy-Ud}T : : * SQIMUBUL TOF x , OIMUBUL STA-BOUIN®) . s : ‘OIMUBU 9S004 ‘deol oANUVUL ULOTS OSVUTBIG, : : : > Qs0dutog x. ; * Smuvue pavAUIVG x. : * Soyuydsoyd uoydQ * ‘oynydsoyd oossouuay, x ‘Ysu ou0d UBOLIOULy YyNog * ‘Sqvop BvulpoIND [NEG ‘oyeydsoyd yoor vurporwng YyNOY x ‘eplqo, 7 WOAT OULDS IVY 1 * ‘ouRns UBIANA x : ' ‘Seis onvydsoyd x ‘oynydsoyd ssopyropo ‘opnydsoyd Vssvaon x [ Jan. STATION. HATCH EXPERIMENT 280 ‘BIMOUWUIR JO dB MS x JO OANJORINUVUL WOTJ OSNJoI YSvIO J x . . ‘eImoulure Jo ayeydsoyg ‘qsujod jo ayeydsoyg ‘QyVO IVS OIYIN * * QUIT O43TN x : ‘RpOs JO OIBAJIN x * ‘qsriod Jo RIN = * ‘qsejod yo ayRLINy_ x : 3 * ‘9yIsnIy ? : * QrUTe yx x . ; * SaqryeuaRg ‘ysujod Jo §ruoqavg x ‘operas YSty Sysujod Jo oyRUOGARH x ‘aga ‘sqpg asnjay ‘sppommaypg “TL ‘STVINDLV]L YAZITILYAT - - - a02T|- - = oe = = = Qe) = 8°6T ata oto oie - = _ - ~ - - = = L¥T 61 = cg, | ‘ysvyod Jo opruvéo oT ~ = 1 i le ss = Pi aa ee Rog e's Reet a ee, a SI - = 693 | - S > OSL Toe = = CL LF nee dele a TE Sl ~ = ecg | = - = Toe eo uy OF = Vee ee So aS g°CP = = - - - OBO. | aie = = F891 = vsti sit as Mk eet OT Or - - - - = 1) Oli en a F608 | - F°08 Tit eee 3 3 a 7 = = = - = F168 993 | - 9°61 a er en et ah ial 916 = = = I = ereer | = 87266 4) = ZI iy a? 3a ae NY ia 66% EST - 6g9 | - 9LT 64% Chae ia Col le = 96 Se oa oe WE eee Eh. | Scale La a7 = TLL: eke PGES. | T'67S | -- = 9°89 ann, ee oh = by ape II = WE SL fae wiaent = - omen hee RAT teh 8h z * 3 a b°068 | = = S°P8s | - ‘ UA Sa lia og ah osama ae = x 255 = te al “ = ie FR1Z'T = es 9°19 e . ° P e air ei eee a | al Re Seah ae Ta Sh Bers | © o = ' 5 4 og auc) = 6 2 DS 5 7 = = Sa i) = 5. 5 ge & hats 2 & a Ss m4 E. fe oO D BE B ; F é = ® We ° me lor) =) ad o) ac B © iS pb > an B =| fo) 4. ° He 2. e. fa © ba os S Pa a a 2 pa ; , 5 4 . . P be = (o) —_ eu Q ta) ; i ® © o A Ee ‘spunod 000'G f0 uoy, ad spunog 07 paynynayno ‘sashynup fo uoynpduo0g briapodsatq oy? ur punof spuarposhuy quowafiiqg Jo sspoag aq bps -*9 281 PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 8°s19T 9°26 ESF'T Z9F 9° 068'T ILZ Lze'T g9¢ IF TP FOG Per §8@ Tg SOL O8T Y $ * ‘goSB POOM PUB [BOD x : . * * ‘goyse pavd-yog x * : > ‘goyse [Boo SnouTUIMITg, Y ; * Sosnyjor ATOYOROTA + : : 5 * TIVUT poVIUOWUW 4{SNPMVS PUB [BOO JJOS WIOIF SOUS V ‘SS UTULULULIY 00.14-YORod WOIy SOUS V » . : - foysva oynt WOry SOUSV x : * “MvI9s puv Avy WOIT SOUSV ‘adVqIVs JO UOTYBULOIO WOAT SOYSW » 5 S ‘SYIOM ON] WOAy SOYSW * TTIMS JO TOTYVWOIO WOIT SOUSV : * *yavq uvy yuods Jo soqsy : * “Osnjor YULSVS oUDTAIOOV *oga ‘spunoduoy awry ‘spuvyy ‘saysV °& 2 ; : - Ysvj0d 9IGRIVSIA » : ‘ R * 9ISBA OQOdgTBS "2" * Mepoe FO e7eTNG + ‘i : * ‘er1souSvur Jo opeyNG : ® < * fysujod JO OVOTTIS x * CunTsOUsRU-Yyseyod so ayvzING x : 3 * "qsxjod Jo oyRzTING » HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. 282 P6L 9° 186 9°SST 13 9 8°89 928 8°6LT , 1G med V'COL V'CbE *I9}4VJT 9Tqnyposuy Ta) *euIIO "ploy ormoqieg EOP LG = SOL Z° S6E 3 % 9°93 mM try f=] tee ke Ss =] — ae nape a ee pa B > = 66F m4 P°606'T = 9I¢ 991 | 8°896 = LIOT ~ &°9F0'T = OFL 8°2cs | 9° 09T ! I cy V cy 606 8°vs 9°69 L8T &@ Q BP oa 0Q fio i=} pee be g EE a . ° x Ss = 2, © © ‘epIxO UMIpoY s | ¢ Be | 8 TR mM = Be a} is ° wm i=} |S ° < ° & 9°S6 *MaSO01IIN yS¥ . ° ‘sayst pooMso'T ‘sayse de.10s-10q3ve'T x ‘soyse UD -owryT x : . QUT ‘K10JOVJ AVBSNS WOAT OISVAL QUILT ‘K1OJOVJ VPOS WOA OSUJOI OWT = > ‘soysv poo ouid-pivyy * ‘sayse dutoyys ‘(VIUISILA) [TVW PUBS W214 ‘QUI, BSNOY-Svy . : ‘asd ty ‘QUIT JO QVUMOGAVD x ‘soyse qoo-ul0p x ‘SoYse [[LY povos-0qI0H "w0D — ‘9970 Sspunodwmo,) awry ‘spenyy ‘saysK CG 0& ; Bases alae LG | « f 9tL |° 18h | oT : 555 - GB ; (ma && F 6 : VEOOL Se COOP | © = 2. & = $ “STVINSELVY AL YAZIILYS ‘ponuluo0g — spunog OO00'E fo uoy, wad spunog 02 paynynayne ‘sashywoup fo uoynnrdwoy burpasoug ayy ur punof spuaripaubuy quosafiigs fo ‘sjuag “ag obpaoayp °9 283 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 1906. ] 8*OLZ SLUT C&L I ILg ‘OOVLDT z 09 09 S61 && ! of or) 0g ~ VPs Ll - 08° = 9°LT = CcoLr || = 9°688°T| 8°6L SOLE Ly: = 009 | - Cee) ie = GLO. “|= ‘OUON | Cc = ‘soysv YAvVG- uv Lx ‘Z9YSV PooA-VvIg QSNPMABS WOT SOS OSNJOYy x . * ZoYsV ol}-pvogqpiey > ‘soyse dnd x : ‘SULIOJSV] J + UP, ae SBS ore ‘soySU POOAM-OUTg + ‘out, porvdotd » 5 ‘soyse vod ‘aut sso00ad-9u04v J x §g OYSV OSUM-TOYO T x * SOULIT [JOYS-10ISAO x ‘(unsdAS y1O X MON) 1ojsvid vsupuoug * *(VIUISATA) YJAvO VAILO ‘(unsd&8) roysuld BOOS BAON x * *(BUlLOIBHD WAON) [AV]L . IVI x ‘S[IVU SIOSNYOVSSV IL ‘(vpltof,a) soyse vipouseyy : “Sous [THA [ Jan. HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. 284 : 4\snp ou0g + ‘poos U.100-ML00Ig y ‘ysy woay aud0g + ° ‘dnos oaog ‘gm0q pure poolg x * 9a BTMOWUy ‘TRODIRTD POO AA x ‘SOS OISUM-[OO AA x * *saysv poo A x ‘SOYSe POOM-INUTE AA x : 5 * SKTOUUB] WOTT DUTT BISVAL x * SOUT OSB AL s ‘S]IRUE RIULSITA "u0D —*07a ‘spunodwmo) awrT ‘spunyy ‘sayspr ca — _ -_ -_ -_ - — o— “9cg ae G19 a? TOL . . . . . . . = = = = = 7m 7 a EL OL 08 3 StL |° 5 ‘ P . : - > a 3 3 as = = zs IL¥ - 96 = OLE aie ; : : ° ‘ = <= = = = ==, = ae 64 ed 8 TFL gcg‘T . . . . . . . 7 a = re es = ie 7 EG = COL = 8 Oe 4 ‘ as : i 5 86 > = 5 = + i = 69 = LG = SEL sic : : ; : P > ‘saounysqny asnfay 9°TS = am i os = = a Ze 8 — = g), . . . . . . . ig = ? ? 2 9°L¢ = og Se os = 2) CS ade ora & G' 088 = = = 9°SPL | 6°99 9°69 = P86 PSL =z ia Pier ll ; ; : : : Z 8°cP = * = = = 9°F18 * vy TOL = z S°ch 5 ; , 7 : : ; 9°9L | ~ a = * = 9°€80'T| - = = BREE aie = OPE |" Bilas g - = Ze = ao Z8PrT = a + pa bas 91 . . . . . . . G8o'T| - CFL &T 5 i CRE | = 3 OT = 3 0c | ° hee oe ee ee TO Seer ee eee eee eee ae ZN ae eat ae = fe = Bw — Wy > os x °. S 5 5 = ano 3 Eg. a 2.5 3 F a Pee ice lea leew ieee |e. : : # ‘ z io O8 = a! ° bs = % ‘STVINSLV]Y NAZITILUA,T = oe > a4 B = 4. 6 4 2. ¢ = (o) 4 = uo) t = D b> 7 a. : Ss ° a = - 8 fy e © a ‘ponunuog — spunog Q00'G Jo uoy, wad spunog 07 paynynaqwa ‘sashynuy fo uoynpdumoy burparraq oy) wa punof spuarparbuy quatafiig fo *spag ag epaoay +9 606 9° 686 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 1906.] Seo ie2) I~ io 9° FS VIL 8° OP 06° SI P°SFO'T IP 9°69 LE 9°66 oll 08° 9T 60L ‘usy punoas Arq x * poord pod x Qooy O[}}RO SULLopuot WoAy dnos polad J ‘quod pus ywout woasy dnos pod * snp 0000 ‘QOM SOJSVAL 109JOD x : ‘Qsnp YON x ‘[BOUL PAdS-U09JOD % ‘govuod UvIG-10ISBH » ‘UBdJS DUO PosSUIPTOD x ‘SSULYSUM [OOM PpojBIZUBIUOD x * ‘Karp SdJSVAL 109JOD x * ‘g][OYS VOOOD x ‘ssutddoap poos-W0}40/ ‘snp poos-009}00 +. sod ulod 103}0D ~ ‘yard dag y-gnuvododg ~ SUOTJVULLOF [VION y ‘9ISUM BVAVSSVO x * uog pouang » ‘(pynosnipu pighbuhkT) Vsye uwodrS-ony[gq, * *SULyS vuvuvg ‘QSBVYUR} OSUGIVY » * NU 19yVM-YSIt7 ‘107VM “yU00 Tod OF ULYY V1OUL WIAA WSL * §7OyWAL “999 Od OF 03 OZ ITA WSL . * ‘OISBAA OIQIA + . oysvuM £10108 7 x ‘9uU0q WO-YSoL7T x j ‘sSUIgso| A x * asnjor 97 puod woayz psodeq x ‘poo odvg wor sSurspoiqd x ‘IOATY SopteyO woayz prsodaq « * UTRIS poSvur«g§ x “MOD — SIVUDISGUY asn fay “ce STVIUALV]L YAZITILUAY S = : < = : = ~ = Bvter. = OE [<= ror |" Se = coe | - = = 98 9 c < ¢ 7 3 = a gee: faa 3 = = : 2 x - = Siti bs 66 Org 606 |" #8 % = = 2 z = = BL la= 6IT aay 709 |" Pa 9°IL $ = = = ~ aL 2 j 8°6 VP = 9°086'T| ° page © S°zaI | - = g°peE | - = v093 | - Cc al 7 Tg HO | 29S | ° ae — — = = = > = = = = “es | - 09 = 00g | ° a | - - - - ~ = = = 9 2 IST £98 Gel | ° - a Q > > = = : : : 2 : cot | 19 | 98g }° ite on 1Z = ? - z Sh 8 9 ST LT ZI SOL | ° ae od & 5 < = = = = ra = 9 ¢ 8 = a eh = = Tews - i | - - I g 0B | - ose | ° eh _ : ar 968° | = ~ ~ - = 98 z cL rai 61 = 6ar | ° a - = - = > = = = II 9 6% < ers | * eo Re geeoes OR lve Re ke eh a A et Vida AP ie ae a 2 Sot ee Aree ig ye eb ge | ei |e 5 te ae cg SM i ies es ata A am aa 2 E 5 E. 5 © %. o 8 E ‘ ~ g @ H . - : o Of F = fe) S B ® = > a 4. ° - - - = = 3 i 6 89 Cas Se $8 = ~ = = = = = ¥ I g SF CT ab el i Og - = - = = > = SSI OL = 1¢ $8 ange gees en a. 9° 8S - - 88 - - 9 ~ 9°S ra Z Seorr di OCGar is + Bak Se OS 61 - - - = = = - SL = CFS 88% ie ee el" Gea - - ~ = ~ - out = if g I BiGEw. NEPA ROe Ata ost See ES a 8? - - ~ - - - cI = 9 - LI Tease a et oes 9° FS - ~ - - - Or L ms gt | I o'6 PiGGIoa OMe Th ey Bee och, - - ~ COL = SOF = yA > ial OFF'T| cF Rage el yee aoe nee - - - - OL $ 61 FL 3z rc I ¥ OFS 00Z‘T| * . ; : E £6 - - - - OL 6L - i; SP 81 - Shaye sek. oo eee z - = - 83 - 9° GE% = SLOL 1° S7SI OF - a pi ei era - 00L = > = = = = = FG SL GL - Mie i i a eee 2 * 2 = =a = = z = P's 9°11 8°93 - 06 ar oe ame pine | ke Q Q ™M hy ma Q mM ine ao) 'A a iS =] jal g = E Berd Bt cet AONE amend” Buell ege lyg ges | ake Ib BE No ve = Ee S ie ca Be | &§ aa ae 2 o B =H 5 o 2 o B E , ; g F D ® ° on Of =a oe [o) i} 5 ® = i=a = [= pe Ke. B ‘> ae io) 5 oe o a ro) = 2 ct o¥ <4 © a tad @ = Sy ; re ail a me = ° ; Pl aa oe 3 ‘ssuysup [[lw-tedeg + ‘OSNJOL OULIVS.ABULOITO : 5 . > “pull « ‘Aap “yvad puv yonyq x ‘qaM “Quod puv yOn]T x * Kap ‘pnur pessnyq * OAM Spnul [assay 2 : * SJappry . * “UTOSSBO ATUA x * ‘ssurdoaA\s [IV * “QASBAN TTA x asnfay °& “STVIUSLV]L YaZIULusy ‘ponuyuoy —spunody 000'% f0 Uoy, wad spunog 07 paynyna7zn9 ‘sashyoupy fo woynpdumog hurpaaig ay ur punof spwarpoubuy quasafigy fo “swag sag obnaorp 9 289 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. ‘OUON | = = = = v ¢ 002 | ° : : y * &K1OJORF LOQGNsA WOAF 9ISVM TO.1VIS 83 - - c9 7 981 LGBT re oe etree Se tie OOS GM BUTTE ice AL |= VPeOL | 8° LeL = _ TN NS ; . : : : : ; * 9gnjot JOOq-ABSNG x = = 069 = = = 8% : : : : : : 2 : * *yovrq-ouogd yuedg x = bs 8°G GS = 8° GPS TL! - : : : : : : * UTBIS STOMOId JUS = = 9°9 VI 9°FG = OFT! ° : : : : : * ‘Sullepuod osaoy woay dnog ee 3 § = Gs RZ0T| . -98e- 1 % : : en ieee : ‘gsnjot osvois-dvog 8°98 = 9°¢ 7 rIs =| F619 GGL ii, OS NS oe a ate Sepagese mos UOT oFpnisis = ae z 8 a z Os TI * 3 : ; i ; : : : * 9RM SUIZIS x . = = 9°s 9°SE = 9°SHET| * : : , ‘ : : : i * “oysud SUIZIS x 6L = $9 = 67 = CHL | * : : , $ : ‘ . : ‘asnjor osuodg FI = g Su 8B - Shas Peco ccees Pa Such te a en et aS Tee SOU Ua = a I = V6 = FSe‘T| ° : : : : : > “TOUT 10JVM WOATT ONPISIIy 9°16 PGIL | 8°86 | P:F9 | B°OZ SEL Or Play is Ay FS) SNS Re eS Aa Oe ao Oes ‘i = 3 > aL PLP (VA Sd Gl ieee nea ae og se MN eR MR Ms So aaa (oy = COL = 068 Ss = Og€ | - i : : : : + SKIOJORF SSVIS WOAT OSNFory, » OLL = ccs = = = g : : : ; : * KrIOJOV VSOONTS WOT, OSNJOY + % = G&S < 98 = 18 ; . , ‘ k : * *SyIOM OOT[RO WLOAF OSNFOYUY ¢ bs 6 I ial = GLe‘T| * : mie Bit : : : * TIBIS S1OMOIG 1094037 > B'S - SSS b= UGG; ln atk tm cape tee aoe eo Sg ea ‘QSNp OPI MU x =- -_ - nie 8cz Tel 681 . . . . . . . . . . ‘TOOM MUI [ Jan. HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. 290 9'T09 | - = - = = a te Sas 4 . ; - sor > GLE : > - = = = = €8 - = = 9 &P §8 = ¥¢ = ae = 4 3 o° 60L Fi g°sz9 | - . é * 3 8°19 ss Tort} - : = rad 3 Se = a ae 5 5 > BG ; 869 = = = &8 J ST 61 yL19 | 9°9 ~ - g*Gg = = Zz PLY = L6 8 LLT UP 69 = on ot 9°S§ OL = IL CG &1 G oP 6 CFL Pst PPL GS GL 9°8¢ 0°8% = 6 LT. a 8°G 5 L 9° SL veg al g = Q mM Q m be 7 2 = y e E ae = © S o Ss =. 4 og Ho, = a | } > SiO 5 ‘Ss | =] =f Qs B io) S = — fo} Gu o) vi x + = p: 2 » : @ - . 2 > _ ad ba) = 7) fon} S co) © ' . ales a aa oP 2 Tiled n i a rg im” ° Lea) =] S ° - - - ~ - - - WOL Ve = - I OE ee re et ks Re a ee RES TON = a a . : : er ke cie | - - - Bales et) Ue te eee | Shoe Saieydaoud prams Ss ‘ojga ‘sagpydsoyg ‘souvnny °“F 2 = - - ~ - - - - 6 SEL. | PSL a PCG ee al ae ep mOus arava sa: - - - - = = ¢ 3 Ww 9° 80° g 686T]" * * * * SOABOT 480L0F AIP JO JouISGe 1078 MA + = - z F : - : 2 : ¢ : oz | - Wi.) | Pee) = = SSiretenoe ouonaiau Ais aa ger | - - - - - zcop | eI = FI - Goon eee ce Dey ae ‘£10OVF 04BIOV] WOIF 948B Ad oy - - = = = = = 3 8°31 PP 9°%o = 9° CPL i ; : ‘ * Qarnuvul daoqs PUB 9ISBA [OO AA x - = ~ - ~ - - - - - L°6 IZ Re a RENE So AT ee ae pour OPAL. I - - ~ - - if SI - ru 3 99 TT} * “- ° yt Sf * SSarpesre esuypgeua [OOM et - - . ~ - v ra 8 = 8 = = = Ba oi eRe Se eke OF pe eee TOGA. = F ps = a = i 9 Or - gL - - ~ Sa Aa ee Sih as oa ‘TOJUM “BSULGSBA [OO AA = gst | - - - - - poz | 79 = | Brg a a ee er RM CL ult ome u [ Jan. HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. 292 SOF - = = - - - - SOF A ei = = a] = - - G19G £3 = = = = = = = OF Cel = = = = = Ker - L¥G a = = a = = Z6L - 9° FG Ss = 0g = ~ = 8Z0'T| - 168 - - - - - = = - 16 6F = = = = - OGL = Ser 2 ss = = = - - - oge - ~ - - = - - = PE! Cst CLL = 6LL = IP F83 igal 96% - - - - > - - = F828 - - - - - - = - 96 = - - = = = = = Go 1G8 SI Q Q TR by Q TR la az 5 s a Be 3 ray &. > 3 5 o 3 me ay Eis. = °,2 = =e S > ay 3 = = ae S B E. g 8 2. BE B ® - S 8 | oF g 7 © fe 5 e ei mec i e sf S = 2. eS) me fo) 2 = 3 E Bacithe Vee eM pee ne Hl 4 a 5 afi a ® e = "yseqog "U9 801}IN 6° 6Gh “‘Usy 9° LL3 ve WU 09 CTL IIS F631 CoL G&S *9IN4SIOT ‘sqnoy Balporeg qos ‘ouuydsoyd yoor BVUuTpOaARD YNOS x ‘Bpllo[ Woay OURNS Fey * ‘oUBNS UBIANIOg ‘SRIs olnydsoyd x ‘oyeydsoyd ssop1opo ‘auydsoyd vssvaon x ‘ouBNS puLIs] VUOTT + ‘avydsoyd qos vploly x ‘auydsoyd yoor vplopLy + ‘OuURNS PULTRIBUIRG x ‘[VOUL VUOG PaAl[OSSIG] x ‘Sauydsoydaodns ayquog x ‘yov[q-au0g PaapoOssiq ¥ "M0Q — ‘992 Ssagnydsoyud ‘souDnyA) “*F “TVIUSLVY AL UAZITILLYaAY ‘pepnpouog —spunog 000% JO uaz, ad spunog 07 pagnynoazno ‘sashyoup fo uoynpdwoy burmpovatg ay2 ur punof sjuarpasbuy quasaffigy Jo ‘spwg Lag ebpwoap -9 293 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 1906.] eee 1 oO OHOFVT—srrmmn——eenhk————————— EE eee 8° 69¢ &6 9° ZC 1ZPT 8° 19F Y LE ei 868 Gf§ 60L >? Dat 8° COT 9-990 COL G16 'T. PS *290 ‘ : ‘ounuvut dao ¢ y. : : ‘Aap ‘o9joIpno J © : ‘ommuvut pmbry x : ‘OINUBUL SId-BouM+y = : ‘OINTBVUL OS.LOFT : * Sosnyor osnoy-uoyT o : * HANUBUL WOFT x : g ‘OINUBUE 98004) ‘deol omnuvUl wWoay OSvuresd * Gsodutog x : * Simuvut pavcAuaRng QUIWdALxry IVUUP *O ; * Soynydsoyd uojyd * ‘oyuydsoyd oossouug,y, ‘Yysv ouod UROLLOUTyY YyNOS 294 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION, [ Jan. CoMPILATION OF ANALYSES OF FRUITS, GARDEN Crops AND INSECTICIDES. H. D. HASKINS: Analyses of fruits. Analyses of garden crops. Relative proportions of phosphoric acid, potassium oxide and nitrogen in fruits and garden crops. 4. Analyses of insecticides. oo 2 The results of chemical analyses of twenty prominent gar- den crops (green) show the following average composition, expressed in parts per thousand : — Nitrogen, . : : : 5 : : : 4.1 Potassium oxide, : ; ; : : : ; 3.9 Phosphoric acid, : ; : ; 3 : ‘ 1.9 A computation of the results of the above analyses of green garden vegetables shows the following relative pro- portion of the three essential ingredients of plant food : — Nitrogen, . A , 5 : ; : ; ; 2.2 Potassium oxide, , F ; ‘ ; x ; 2.0 Phosphoric acid, ; ‘ : . 7 ; é 1.0 The weight and particular stage of growth of the vege- tables when harvested control, under otherwise corresponding conditions, the actual consumption of each of these articles of plant food. Our information regarding these points is still too fragmentary to enable a more detailed statement here beyond relative proportions. It must suffice for the present to call attention, to the fact that a liberal manuring within reasonable limits pays, as a rule, better than a scanty one. (C. A. GOESSMANN. ) 299 = = OT v E G 9° og = = ae a oo SOTTO MBIA Ss T i. @ am G 6° Ny e'e = ZOG. Wc : ; : ; * *SOLLLOG MBIIG z Go ¢" G" ¢° ¢" 81 es 9° TGCS ea. se Rees tee tes PAO Nya ag ireeacce ey 2 cs ¢ ee 1 = Q°G v's = TSO aces oie a ea ‘soyovod x = = 1% ¢° ¢" g" 6'T Ut g'T 662 | ° es ' ‘sorddy , S 7 = os rt ie e: oe 9° ere agra a - + tgerddry — : Boovsoy = = ¢° ie oe = OT - 8° POCA easter. ee iets | hea G) ig —_ =. g° lle! e | (es 6° QT - 966 . e e ° . . ‘SOLILOq UB.) 8 — : Boovolly PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. Q R mM : cue eed pee, |e 8 Poel 2 |e o rg. 3 ag 5 = ¢ Sy Si 2. 5 S wg 3 = I w } & ; e ® fo) a aR =] =| ia n =} B i @O ® as co) o. s vy 5 og 5 © > © b> & 1 ee 3 B : . g gop Bor > S ES =. @ S o e ‘(puvsnoyy, wad sung) spnag Jo sqwanqusuoy buzyysog “SLIOUY HO SUSATVNY ‘T 1906. ] [ Jan. STATION. HATCH EXPERIMENT 296 re re *sUTIO[Y OD S Or VI 9°¢ ¢° VI Vv OFT = } a 5 = 6° ae 8; = jaa ¢° OT I" 7 o e: GC" 9° GC" oe = velmal i a GGL G E Z S = 8 a = z 2 ® fo) E ih S =k 4 > Q bb ie A. is hte Eye | Fe ¢° 6°9 L6G 0°6T OLE sis |e 0°¢ ones ea. Gags O€8 | ° ¢ Gel Cats = G06 |i * GC Gal js 7 TEL oal ns GC ate 6°¢ at * : == yan 6°G — SES zh - le OS 6° = €oSi i * Gy G’¢ V'S§ = cm ; (=| n © 4 E z S 5 4 B ; @ 3 e ‘popnpouoyg — spnug fo spwanquysuog burzry4og * ‘pees edvry : * ‘sodury — : @oNA * “SOLIIaqasoor) ‘pot “sJURIIMD x ‘OUT ‘SJUBIINYD x — : MODBOVIFIXVS - * “stand : *SoLLIeyy) ‘SOUTA ATIOG MBS "U0. — VIovsoy t~ x : = = 6" g° ¢" 6" VP Gey aavic De NE oF Oe ee ie eee Menta. 61 0S e*) Gu G OL oP ell g°eP = GPE i} ¢ : 2 ; " ‘Haes yood rB.ong ; Ca g° ve rg I's Ora OF eC O'S 168 | ° : : : * ‘SOAROT JOO IBSNG ro 4 S° GC GT Tel 6° &°G 8°G 956 0°% Von hie s J , * ‘sdoz yood rvsng ro) ; Zi = (ls OT y 9° e SF VOW who Gre 698s : * ‘sqgo0q IVONG z @ ¢° 6" 9° a 9° 8°¢ 1 80 COG WR ei tO SN i eioed Gag ie) 6G 8 OT idee a) 8°G Cy Waiialt O'S CO6 SAVIO] P[OOUB], eS} . ‘ a = = x 6 v 9° Gy Mere Sores aber Bsa meee pgs | ane " ‘spposuryy . Ss) = 6 ¢° 8° | ve & oT i 16 Sal 088 | ° ; ‘ : : - ‘sproouryy - — : w@oovrpodousyg x rae: 8 Fs Q p ke 2 9 g a 4 a 5 = a 2 2 : 2. e : J 3 a _ | 4 oO = = nm ite) a S a 5 ee hie: 5 aaa 3 5 Bee ie es ae) ca tus z zB = B a ° Q 8 ‘(punsnoyy, ad syn) sdoug uapanpy fo syuanysuo) burzyuysag ‘SdOUD NAGUV) AO SUSXIVNY °Z 1906.] [ Jan. STATION. HATCH EXPERIMENT *eurtolg o1mnyding o1stoydsoyg WINISIUdV AL ‘pPY ‘pPy ‘OPIxO "@PIxO a a - a OO er ; * ‘“UWleTBSIe(*? ‘AyOyoyIy s Y iat TO a iPenis : 5 " ‘ayoyouaty Ge GG Q°6 O'S GrE 1" ; : : : ‘Qonyel, UBULOY 6 SG pas GT O26.-|= : : f : * ‘9009}2[ PCa x oi 6°S 6 OL GG SV6 | ° ; : ; j * ‘oonye, psx] 3° L’S Es me O76 4" = ° : * ‘WOTUIULOD ‘vongje’T — : apsoduog ge eu ae erE. | pe Beet). Se ee ae ee LS LS OO a 7's Bh eS ‘yowurds uO) — weovtpodousyD WUINIO[VO “OprxO uuNTpos UNISsvjOg “USV "MeSO019IN ‘aIN4SIOY “OprxO 298 ‘ponuyu0g — sdoug uapsny fo spwanqysuoy burzauysag 299 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 381. 1906.] a: Et LG 8° v" 8° Guy g & oy Go" L OF val 6" Oe O06 v O'G v" Lh 3" O'T oa 6" ¢g G 9°6 ST VG Vl os 8°36 iat 3°¢ ns rs GC Ile GC" S v's ¢ 61 Lt iz Gil Se i Vet él 1% ¢" O'S Vil 6°6 >: iF él 6 6° L 6°v él Eek 6° a 6°S 1! 3°G ¥ OvT i S 6° 3° 6S S L 8° 6° ig oO 6°6 6° v 3° S° Sa g L's VL SY SGL : . ‘TqQvI[ YOY : . ‘SoYstIpVy . * “USIPV.I-OS LOFT < * TAIMOTITNBD " — ‘S9ABOT BOB GBD . ‘QOL OFT AA % . ‘Q.0VQQVd OITY AA . ‘o.0uqqva AOABG . - ‘suouq-BINyYy x ‘SOAVOT CIUINY OFT AA . ‘sdiuiny Ol AA x : ‘sdiuiny} oy AA — : BloyIOnIg ‘ * oywjod yooMG — : BIoV[NA[OAUO, [ Jan. STATION. HATCH EXPERIMENT 300 em a 0°s 9G 6g 672 6ST VLE 6 IL G8G = as Lg ST GC 9° LY = josi alt 06 7 = O°2 EG s or O'y = 6ST OOT Ss E 1g 6'T ¢" ie Lg Olea or FFI = - eT 6" e"] ¢ g's = UP 98) ¢ ¢" Ort TE re ¢° ie TOL ‘aya 668 y’ S Le GC ¢° 6° 6° VP aie O06 vr v et C a 9: VS g°¢ 9°T 9C6 | Q wp co 2 Q wp rn > y ae ; a Be cae re g gE P g 5 5 2 . e o ‘ponutjuo,) — sdoug wapuny fo spoanqusuog bwrwzapr7)4oyy ° . * *IOAOJS UIO/D x : * ‘sIvo d[OYM ‘UIOD x 3 : ‘sjourtoy SUIOD , 4 5 ‘sjoutey “UOD ‘u9e10 ‘queTd OTOYM SUIOD x ‘uoars “querd opoyM SutOg — : moulds ‘surydumg : ; * “‘sTequmon,) — : Moovj}Iqanony 301 PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 1906.] 6° G oe 6" a Oss an GG oh perpen temp in ee ann eheemesines BILAL 80'T j= = 66° = GG oVv6 | * : : : : - ‘snsviedsy ‘— : BOOVI[V] = = = ue 2 _ 9°86 °8G ; > “suBOq JOATOA FO SULI}JS PUB SOABI'T x 78 - = = Vs = 961 | @SIT|° ° °. °* ‘pod YIM ‘sueq JoaToA x Lh 3 Fs = GST = Tors rE ee a : 3 * ‘TauLoy ‘SUBAq JOATOA » 6°S CG EEE G'S 8°6L 6 OF ra OU ay ; ; ; 7 “MUIIS UvEg L°6 1% oT v Vél VLG 0°6& Ogk : ; ; ‘poos ‘suveq Uepavy Gs Gs Ona 8'T 6°6 LY VOT OOT p= : i ; ; 7S MBIIS BOT Fe Ao ee. Tor | 79s | sr¢e Gi 2. oh ee es Se rossiaeag 0°6 0g GT ay Peasy 2 = ggg 06 | ° ‘Sap ‘(seupsaapglig snuhyqny) vod [peug » OT OT 0's 9° I's - 6% ger]. : * ‘maets ‘(soyoyog) vod-MOO x 8°9 $°9 9°CT S'S GGG | 69 6°6S LOS |S , " * ‘yaets yno svod Jo Avyy — : BsoulUnooT [ Jan. ATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. 3U ¥°6 G°g 6° 8° Et call e: 9° e r’ Q te 5 is sf > z 5 » 8 g. oa 6 “PPV o11oydsoyg POL “Opixo UMISUSV][ S| UWINIO[eD “SPptzoO ‘popnpu0y — sdoug uapuny fo squanqysuoy burwzyrysa ise) “OpIxXO UMIPOS L°0 9°S “OprxO 5 104 UINISS” "US "Ma SOI14IN “OIN4STO TL ; “SOABOT ODDBQOT, ‘sooyVuloy, x ‘adrrun ‘sdo} 07e}0g ‘adi Ayavau ‘sdoq oywjog *s90]v]0OJ x *sa0]vjJog —- : Maovuvzypos * ‘SUOIUO x ; : * “suolUg UO — BoovyvT 303 PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 1906. ] 8°G OT N N 0°9 66 a 6°61 ce SST 6°8& VGl 8°oP v's ee) L’VG O79 6°86 6°6G 9°T6 6° VG Its €08 662 86 668 868 0¢8 90T OST Tsor . 6 AxaToR) ¢ sdiusavq x ‘ sdiusivgq > “(rp ‘sdoq yore , * ‘sdoq yorIeg + SIOLIE G4. * STORIE) — : GIOFITToquriy) : ‘SUIOJS ODDVQOT, x : ‘SYTBIS OODBQOT, ‘JVOT BLOM SODDRQOT, » 304 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. (Jan. Many of the foregoing analyses were compiled from the tables of E. Wolff. Those marked with a star (*) are from analyses made at the Massachusetts State Agricultural Ex- periment Station, Amherst, Mass., and since 1895, at the chemical division of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. 8. RELATIVE PROPORTIONS OF PHOSPHORIC AcID, POTASSIUM OXIDE AND NITROGEN IN FRUITS AND GARDEN CROPS. Phosphoric Potassium Nitrogen. Acid. Oxide. Fruits. | Ericaces : — * Cranberries, . ; ; j 1 3.0 - * Cranberries, . , : ; ae | Dyas 2.66 Rosacese : — Apples, : : . ; 1 2.7 2.0 * Apples, : : : : ih L.9 a * Peaches, 1 : ; : 1 28 - Pears, . : ; , : iL 336 1.2 Straw berries, , : . 1 1.4 2 * Strawberries, ; 3 ; 1 26 eS * Strawberry vines, . : ; 1 ad Zz Cherries, ' : ; ; 1 5.0 < Plums, . ; , : J 1 4.3 - Saxifragacese : — * Currants, white, . : ; 1 2.8 _ * Currants, red, ; ; , 1 2.1 - (,ooseberries, : ; ; 1 ie] _ —— = —EE = = — = ——E————————— — _ — —— $$ <$_$_$_$_$_ LT 1906. ] PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 305 3. RELATIVE PROPORTIONS OF PHOSPHORIC ACID, ETC., IN FRUITS AND GARDEN Crops — Continued. Phosphoric Acid. Viticer : Grapes, é : : ; 1 Grape seed, . : ‘ : tt Garden Crops. Chenopodiacex : — Mangolds,_ . - : : 1 * Mangolds, .. : ; ih Mangold leaves. . ; : 1 Sugar beets, . : : i: * Sugar beets, . : , ; iL Sugar beet tops, . : ; 1 Sugar beet leaves, , , 1 Sugar beet seed, . . 1 * Red beets, . ; : ; 1 Spinach, im ; ; : 1 * Spinach, F A . 5 1 Composite : — Lettuce, common, . ¢ : il Head lettuce, ; d ; 1 * Head lettuce, j : 3 1 Roman lettuce, ; . 3 i Artichoke, . E : H 1 * Artichoke, Jerusalem, . ; 1 Potassium Oxide. 3.6 1.0 bo ew) ~] Sy) No) ~l Nitrogen. 1.2 et | Giask 306 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. 8. RELATIVE PROPORTIONS OF PHOSPHORIC ACID, ETC., IN FRUITS AND GARDEN Crops — Continued. | Phosphoric | Potassium Wisrocent Acid. Oxide. Convolvulacez : — | Sweet potato, 1 4.6 3.0 Cruciferee : — White turnips, ; . ; | 1 3.6 2.3 * White turnips, : : 1 3.9 1.8 White turnip leaves, . ‘ 1 Dell Fr * Ruta-bagas, . : : : 1 4.1 1.6 Savoy cabbage, . ; : 1 L.9 2.5 White cabbage, . : ; 1 4.1 137, * White cabbage, é : ; if 11.0 7.6 Cabbage leaves, . : ¢ 1 Aa, 17 Cauliflower, . : ; : 1 223 25 Horse-radish, f ‘ ; 1 On0 be Radishes, ; ; : 4 1 a 3.8 Kohlrabi, : k : ; 1 1.6 1.8 Cucurbitacex : — Cucumbers, . : , ; } 2.0 1a Pumpkins, . ; , , 1 6 =a Graminez : — Corn, whole plant, green, . 1 But 1.9 * Corn, whole plant, green, ; 1 eed 2.8 Corn, kernels, . : ' 1 6 2.8 * Corn, kernels, ; PF : 1 6 2.6 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 307 ’3. RELATIVE PROPORTIONS OF PHOSPHORIC ACID, ETC., IN FRUITS AND GARDEN Crops — Continued. Phosphoric | Potassium Wikvewon: Acid. | Oxide. Graminezx — Con. * Corn, whole ears, . : : 1 8 2S * Corn, stover, : ; 1 4.4 oat Leguminosee : — Hay of peas, cut green, : t 3.4 3.4 * Cow-pea (Dolichos), green, . 1 3.1 2.9 *Small pea (Lathyrus sylves- 1 3.4 4.2 tris), dry. Peas, seed, . , : : 1 12 4.3 Pea straw, . 3 ; : 1 2.8 4.0 Garden beans, seed, : ; | ane 2 AO Bean ey Z : : ; 1: Soa - * Velvet beans, kernel, . : i! 17, 4.0 * Velvet beans, with pod, ; 1 1.56 225 * Leaves and stems of velvet - - - beans. Liliaceze : — * Asparagus, . : : : if 3.05 3.06 Asparagus, . : - : 1 1.3 3.6 Onions, ‘ pl 1.9 Dek * Onions, ; 1 2-6 ~ Solanaceze : — Potatoes, : 1 3.6 Pong t * Potatoes, , i! Ad 3.0 Potato tops, nearly ripe, 3 | 1 Zid 3-1 308 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. 3. RELATIVE PROPORTIONS OF PHOSPHORIC ACID, ETC., IN FRUITS AND GARDEN CROPS — Concluded. Pe agri Potassium Nitrogen. Acid Oxide. Solanacess — Con. Potato tops, unripe, : 1 Bet 5.3 * Tomatoes, . : , ; 1 8.7 45 Tobacco leaves, . : : 1 6.2 5.3 * Tobacco, whole leaf, . : 1 13.46 5.65 Tobacco stalks, . : : 1 ok Peart * Tobaceo stems, . ; : 1 10.7 3.8 Umbelliferze : — Carrots, : 5 d ; 1 pay | 2.0 * Carrots, 1 ou 17 Carrot tops, . ; : i! 2:9 5.1 Carrot tops, dry, . Z ‘ 1 8.0 5.1 Parsnips, : E : 3 1 8.8 2.8 * Parsnips, : : 3 4 1 3.5 1,2 Celery, ; ; 1 3.0 1A 309 I&°% = = SL’ Ly =) | SEF = = = = = = = Ee: Gs COs |e ; : g : : : ‘OYROT[IS JO OPIXOI9 F Ze i = a = el eS = ey = a = ee = = a : : ° : 2 : : : : * *9LOQOT [oH PLZ = 2 pal s = a = = = = ES 2 = z= = : : , : ° : : : : > LOqoT[O HT ZIL°S = org Cry = = = = = = = — = = = 00°OL | ° : 2 : s 4 ? i 5 ‘BUTIOOIN = = = = = zs = — | gop = g = = = = = é g 4 : : . : ; * Tonbip ooorqo, ° = 10° Vero ever =a a ei a) WEG = = = = = = 68°OF | ° : : : : : ; : * TonbIp ooovqoy, =a! —* agave . - ne) = &%@ COTO N LOE 3 = = Sammierd| eed = = = = ~ = ee ee ; : : : : : : * “tonbiy oooeqog, A OS°E | 88 = 06°89 7 = = = = = = = = = - - ¢ : ; ' ‘rakoa4sop Snq oyeyqod snowos1od-u0N — = = | Ste = O58 a EOS aa) = = = ~ = = = Ee LOS : * Takoysep Snq pur LIZT[IALOS [RIWOLIO A = 06" 9° = LG" Sf° = gi: = - = - = - - 18°Gc6 |° ‘oAOMSOp Snq yadavo S.UIryy oq Lossojsorg GF = = OL LT S Gera Se pe = = = = = = COT - GBPS ins Y : : ‘ : ‘ * ‘Senq osor 07 YQvOG cy €9°T = ~ 1 09°8E = Pele) 8o°8y |= = 4 = = =p) ESS oe MEE ECHELON Pt a es nt Seana ars chet Sonnac Z = Os°e = 2 ~ = = = = = a 98°St | 8erT a 24 e() . ‘ . . . ° . ‘ . . ‘WQRop sng 3 es ei a 12°9z = = = = a. a = =a = OG° ST | FE°z 9°), : 2 : : Q ‘i > | Te0Td JOINU | = = = = = 62 a - - - = | Te*9P7 - OR? - OG Re RGGs rae : ¢ ; ‘(opUOS.e WnLARG) prlouoesae oITY AL aa = a cE = x = = = = = = = = O6°TS | LL°0S | Feet |: : : : ‘(oyltosae aaddoo) prouasar Wd0.1%) = A é % : = = uf ms 3 iu = =) WwedeGo ul ie) | greg al ee " 5 4 + + aqruasay peop) prowosie yUrT las ‘TO-006T UL SZOYIVUE TRIOS OY} UT =f = L = = = = = - = - - - Ch°6a | SL°LG | Te: poyooT [00 WOILS STIU FO sos . Beiter ie & | Be ie Oc wl a 4 ~o 5 . au : i 4 BES | oe s & is e Pl 9% | 2 | @ 2 = 1906.) “SA CTOLLOGUSN J TO SASXTVNY ie 310 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. CoMPILATION OF ANALYSES OF FoppER ARTICLES AND Dairy PRODUCTS, MADE AT AMHERST, E. B. HOLLAND AND P. H. SMITH. A. CoMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF FODDER ARTICLES. IT. — Green fodders. (a) Meadow grasses and millets. (5) Cereal fodders. (c) Legumes. (zd) Mixed and miscellaneous. II. — Silage. Ill. — Hay and dry, coarse fodders. (a) Meadow grasses and millets. (b) Cereal fodders. (c) Legumes. (d) Straw. (e) Mixed and miscellaneous. IV. — Vegetables, fruits, etc. V.— Concentrated feeds. (a) Protein. (b) Starchy. (c) Poultry. VI. — Dairy products. B. FERTILIZER INGREDIENTS OF FopDER ARTICLES. (For classification, see A and C.) C. ANALYSES OF DAIRY PRODUCTS. 1 Part III. of the report of Department of Foods and Feeding. = ‘SSUIS UBLIVSUN]]T LOJ SV POSN SPUOTOTYIOD OUIvE {1 — - ae) = = = €°0 Por G9 6°0 GL 08 G : : : * §QUNnaMYWUE * J) YOT[LW ULO9-ULOO.ATG VsoUuBdR EP - = = r0 GOL gg ceil ai 08 I SO A UN OORY MET) JOT SO = = - r'0 LOL $9 Ge GT 08 T : : g : * (nad *< 7) Yo [TWA ULOO-WOOA, A - - = 8°0 qe g°¢ a Del 08 ji tt Cunaonyi mnaund) TTA ci £°0 O25 6°0 ¥0 COL a9 rat OL 08 éL Sate 2 o i ee ae “(woNmyT *)) Jor[Ut osounde es a0 O°L oT r0 OL 8°g 6°T WT 08 g st wmounay ()) ssvis UvtIesuny “(saswadappy wohodospuy) SSIS LOSUYOR (ee § GSI ol pal! GL iL ! [py Duy f ‘SJO)]UV PUD sassp4y nopnayy (2) O ‘Sudaaog Naa) —"] = ar Pleyel Z = bier o ° ct eohae =) HS 3 s. 43 B Ay 2° 5 30 x Mi BF Fe ew *e oe BS & ® = “ALITIAILSA9IC, ‘NOLLISOdWOX ao [‘o00L ur spunod 20 sosuyuooaod penbo sous | 1906.) “SUTOILUY UAACGOWY AO ALIIALLSaon, aANV NOLLISOdWOD i \if “SOT [IM U.100-MO001g ‘SJO[[TUT [[vq-XOT HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. 312 F'0 tS 9°9 V3 9°0 STI $8 L°S 9°T CL . its + Pee eee te eee es Te FO ¥'°6 ¥'9 on ¢°0 G&L 0°8 OT Welt GL 3G : , : : : : A - 7 - ; ; : * OA nom = as a 8°0 9° FL 6°0L 8'T 6°L OL Ti . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘odya ‘S120 2¢°0 ee: LF 0°% L°0 CTL 9°8 L°G CT ch I 5 5 : . : : J . ‘ : : * S¥]IUL UT SyVO 3 G0 PL o°¢ Dak L°0 0° GL 6°T wit Ly cL I ¢ . : y p 5 P ‘ “WOOT UT SIVO 29°0 6°9 UP 9°% 80 GIL i eg 0°% ch 9 OS beer wegeer | Waitat oo SINE wie *(UTU}LAOTN 95UIS) SIVO 1 FO 8°8 8°G L°0 ¢°0 OGL a ale GT 0S G ; ; : 5 J : - , j r ‘IDAOJS U.LOD JOOMG €°0 $°6 0's OL r°0 ESL Ly Sa E OL 08 SF : ; : ‘ : : : Z ; ? * ffappoy uso9g £°0 8°6 ey 8°T L°0 GST SL 9°% OL GL it : ; : ; : : : ; ; ; * *yptut ur Agpreg F'0 8°9 L°g &'°G 4-0 9°6 ¥'6 G§s LG ch it . ; : : : : 7 : > ; : E - ‘foarreq ‘suappoy jpala,) (qQ) $30 8°9 VP 9°0 0 o OT j Uae oT wee 08 g : : : : F : ‘(urezLO0UN AJOIABA) JoT[ TU osoURdELE = = = = a0 TOL 6°9 rT VT 0S I : : : ; : ; ‘(ungnords WNPSUUId ) YT [AVIT a0 L°9 SF oT ja m6 9°9 Gat Ft 08 8 so $m b-snso unin) yr prvLaIVg "UW0D —$79))21T PUD sassvD4y nopHayy (VD) u0) —SUAaadoOq NAAWYD —*] ~ 4 by so lll y - e b> y + cise = 3 & eohsy o 3 z z I HS 3 2. HS o S ; S B Saq . be t 00 : i Le] o eo 5 3 5 . ® SF SB Fo ‘ANVN . cp ° ey Es) eh ia") oO _ fas) o a “ALITIALLSASIT (TL “NOLLISOUWO() oe “PanUuyuUoy SWIOILYY YWAaAdOY AO ALIIIAILSIOW, ANV NOLLISOdNOS) “VW 313 Peni” DOCUMENT — No-.31. 1906.) ‘TIMOIS JO GoSvyS JUOIOYIpP UL SOOPAVA W998 UMTpoU 03 4ydo0x0 suvoq Aos [Tv 0} poTTdde syuotoyyooo amieg »¢ ‘svod MOO [[v 03 por[ddey sya Joos ouINE ¢ ‘TIMOLS JO SOSRIS [BIOADS UI $}BO 0} por[addy syuopoyooo oulRsg 5 “UBULIOX) OY WOAJ UDYR] SPWOIOTIOD + ‘IOPPOF ULOO LOF SY POSN SPUOLOTJIOO OWUIRE | ¢ Z'0 I°¢ 13 1% F°0 29 cg 8°S 0°% G8 Ge ey a ae CUD oot b a) Bat Ape = = = = 9°0 VoL €°9 8° Gul 08 i 7 ‘ a : : : : * *(NQIY SNZOIYAPWY) IVAOTO JOOME F°0 Sh Lg ¥°S L°0 0°11 oh 8° G ch é st tts ss Saypees ‘per unpour “TaA0[D i Ts = = a0) 0°6 0°9 cs OT 6L § : : ; . : ; : “WLOSSOT( UL Spot UUINTpoUut ‘TAAOTH +0 9°9 G°G °G 9°0 0°6 Ly WES LG 08 G } : : : : i F y ‘pnd Ut ‘pot untpout “TIA0TD 0 €°9 ore 0°S 9°0 eares Lc jee ST 0g el g : : : : : * S(asuagnud *jJ,) pot tantpout f19A0|D - - - - F'0 6°8 g°G ore 6°T 08 y ; : : : : : ‘(mnipau *7,) por Yyoururvu STIAOTO £°0 9°¢ i aa VG c°0 9uL, 0°9 Tomes 8°G 08 G : 5 : : : > §QuNgnULMIU “7, ) WOSTULXOD STOAOTO ~ - - ~ cy) G°R Pe ee 2°S 08 g : : : : ; : ‘(unprigny WNYOLLLT ) OIIS|R ‘TIAOTO £°0 a9 6'T 9°E 9°0 0°8 oF 9°F 9% 08 if A mony Porky Nee a ee dele ieee) ans OBL BC 9°0 a9 “G 0°s OT 0°8 LV 8°$ C°G 08 G ; } . : : ‘ ; F * “(qorTq wntTpout) wRoq A0g ¥°0 9°9 L°% G's L°0 9°8 67g oF £°% 82, 6 a eS pod my "(users WMT peuL), weed Log £0 ce 9°S Ls C0 bh ce OF 2S 0g Cc ‘ : : : : * ‘tOssoTq ut S(us0a8 WMTpout) UReq AOg £°0 e°¢ 8° €°s c"0 S*L erg oP cia 08 I mt png, ur §(m00.Ld wMTpout) Ueeq Log 20 0°9 W'S o's 9°0 8°h g°¢ UF GS 08 GE Se O80 Or" Soins Oe ee SO edd.s Tan Pett), Rod, AOE £°0 6°9 id L'3 "0 0°6 oF VS 9°% 08 ig be PE OS PO ee ais |) Oni ee) Teed AOR 22° a9 SG L°% 6°0 8 ian G's 1% 08 MT foo 2 Te . @prdsey ousolitp ) aeeq. £05 = - = - 0 679 SP c% 6°0 cs if Be Bt ermine wong) Teed OSIO TT, z°0 a9 L's 0% FiO eels ees. 9 L°% oT 08 9 Sopa hse 8s * "Cognos obpoIper) VITSILY. ‘sounba'T (0) [ Jan. STATION. HATCH EXPERIMENT 314 a0 oF 0° 6'T TO =i TSS oF LZ 1 cg 7 - - - - L0 G°Z1 rane EP ES GL z - > - - ¢°0 G9 rP GS oT Gg g - - ~ ~ 6°0 9° IL 0°9 vr Vz GL, I = = - - 9°0 org ee Pr ger cg rd - - - - G0 6°¢ CP 8° Sor cs i = - - - G0 Gg oy le rT cg | 1 z°0 Sr ZS 6°T r0 ¢°9 SP az, aye 8 | % z'0 9° Let $°S 0 8°F 8's 8°S ST 18 | $8 180 EP G°3 9°% G0 9 UF oe EL 8 re = - - - F°0 8°¢ ae ok ra I cg | 8 - - - - r°0 9°9 PP PS oT get. Mo o'0 g°¢ B'S 6°T $°0 9°9 ie G°% 6L Gg G o'0 °F 0°S HS $°0 6°S re L's $°S c8 v bf iA br ry by bj a) > A er hee hoe S Best | ietige o Lee g F = E + ® @ +08 ® @. 4S om 20 B 30 B : g 85 ea Ee . ? . e = ro) Seen) ee aes, ro) pis seteroral | *ALIMALLSADiCl *NOILISOGNWOD | eee . . « . . . . . - ; ; : ‘(mans 92074 ) YoJoA Sutardg E ; *(wUnLLDUO.LOD UnwDslipay]) BTS : : *(snaivs sndoypusg ) V{[IPBLIBS : * §(pains sryohuqougd ) ULOyUTES * SQuaubom siysaapglis snaiywwT7) vod ye ! L4JSI0) 1207 la : 2 ‘(asuaaww *q) vod anid UBISSnIg : - * *(asuaaun *q) vod Avars ys sug * ‘pod ul ‘(asuaawp *g) vad ploy BpvuUBO ‘ULOSSOT Ul ‘(asuaawD *7) Bad Play BpRURD if . c . wR - nq ul S(aswaaw *g) wad play BpRURD A * S(asuaauv *q) vad play BpRuRD : ‘(asuadww wnsi7) vad AINRaq BpPBURO : ; ‘ * Syra-sood-dry Ay ‘vad MOD ; ’ : : ; * fyontq fvad MOD "u0n —sawnbaT (0) uo) —Sudaadoy NaAauy—*] ‘aAWVN “‘panuyuoy —SHIMUY WACGOT AO ALIIMAILSADK(, GNV NOMISOUNOQ “Vy 315 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 1906. ] ‘SNOIUP]PIISUL PUD paxriyy (Pp) ‘suod puy AdpAVvd LOJ SU POSN SPUOL JOO OWIBE ‘pod ur puy ulossoiq ul svod ploy upvurg 07 porpdde syuoro1joos stung 7 = Pe a $°0 9:9 9°G SRS ov c8 I . ‘ : ; : ; ‘ ; : ; * 4SBM BSUGGBO ore L°3 670 10 6° GZ rl a) 06 L ° . ° A ° . ¢ s : : y ‘dynd yooq-avsng 6°6 (Holt = 6°0 TTL 6°% OrL 9°0 §8 9 : : : : : ; : ; : . : sovuod opddy 6g a 9° °0 1°8 v9 v's 9°T 08 - v i saga a i ee Se at Se oned PUR GO AK = 7 L°0 8°8 079 L°G 8°T 0S I : ; 5 ; : ; ‘ * “(f-T) 8}VO puB YOROA Lg ri 3 ¢ t's 8°9 0°S SL 08 & ‘ : ° ; ; . : ‘ ; * “([-T) 8780 pus Yoo om a = ¥°0 6°6 q-9 OTE Out 08 I ; : : ; : : e ‘suod Moo pus wnys10g cm 8°s 1% 9°0 8°8 0-9 6°% LT 08 v : : ; : d ; : : e ; ; ‘3780 PUB SvAT = = = 1-0 0°6 G°9 VG aE 08 I : fen 5 ; : 5 ‘IOAOTO OYIS[R PUB SSVIS PLVYOIO - - = c() Gag gc L°S CT 0s (6 0 : ; : : ‘IOAOTO OYISTR puvw ssvuss yo Tea u de z e: 0°8 cy FZ rot 08 I ‘ ; ; é - : , : é : - ‘svod pur Jolt - - - Gg) PIL OF ST CL 08 if : : : . : : : ; * ‘sued MOO PUB ULOD JOOMG = * = v0 iat &°G LG SL 08 I : ; : : j y : : ; * Svod AOD puv ULOD - a = G0 FOL 0°g 9°3 ee 08 6 ; : ; : : Z : F : - ‘uvoq AOS puB ULOD 9 Es 1°% c°0 0°6 G9 8°S (aa 08 G 7 ; i : . ; i i ; ; ““yowod pus AoPIvg g°¢ a 13 9°0 z's 8°9 8°% 91 08 I Se Ty lpee Werth bat oS a meee A ROOM GSS TO SE - - - co PL eG 8° 0°S cg ie : : : : : ‘ ‘(mrupdaupne syphyup) yo oA AoUpLy oP ore ere 70 pre gre oP G°Z zg 7 . : ; ; ‘WOSSOT UT ‘(vSO7720 “4 ) YOJOA PULS IO TOPUT AA = pr = v0 VP Gg eg VS 98 z st Som, UE (807700 “4 ) YOJOA PUVS IO 1OZUT AA 9°¢ 8°% 8°% r0 up rr re L°S G8 L : : v ; : ‘ §(MS0]]10 VIOLA ) YOJIOA PUVS TO TOPUT AA HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. 316 L°0 G°s GP Ly G0 Lb cg 8°0 3 G°0 g°), GG = f°0 g°9 9°T 0°S G0 $°9 SG Ot bond 9°9 GG Ln by A by a) = isd 5 - Ho oe oS ta . i 30 5 SF * eb ber | oO oO “ALITIAI ISAO ((7 OT rap) or) 8°% ee 6L Grembey tag, SES 8°0 tS] GL Lt PG FL, € . , . R : H 8°0 6° OT $°h L°G $°s 9), 9 c : i : 2 : L°0 JEU Fg LT. =] 08 LY 4 : 7 : : ; jee 8°8 mes oT 9°0 cs I . ‘ ; : ; : v0 9°CT ¥'°6 §°% £°G OL G A : ? ; ; TO PGT OrL 6°G 9° GL I 3 % : ; tO Hie] 0 gg pare ell 0S L ¥ e ; : ; ¢G°0 be Sik §°% Sa gs I - 5 5 : ¢°0 6°9 a '°G 8°S cs IT : ; : . ; E 9°0 Crh 6% 61 ar eg EO eh ee aes Se a z°0 re 9° g°% oT 16 Eda Seer ak ts §°0 eo GT £°% 8°S L8 | ; ; 3 ; : ¥0 6°6 L°G GP 8°S 08 T ‘ : G ; ; , be} A by a>) a 'A a bet = 3 a, 2 S , AS ® al : o 5 oe . iT lad Ss 2 o 5 : @ 88 bo . EP BF o 2 ® 4 wm ‘NOLLISOAWOD wR ‘AD WTIS — cE ‘auvoq AOS pur Jo[ [OT . 5 * §oTt ‘avoq AOs puv url0g ° . . ‘al09 : Ssonuiod odd wy ‘(puporieayy DUAPYON oyUIsoN 7 Gl x t ‘(sxsuaauw pynbaady) Aramds ‘(unybsos uohodoupup ) WHYS1Og *(sndpu *g) Odvr TOUT AY ‘(sndpu *g) advair z9uIUInNg a ‘(sndpu norssvig) ddBi XOSSy JAVMC * §(Na9D49)0 DIDINILO ) IUVISIN J ‘ununtwadsp ungliydulis) Sarywos ATO : * §$do} IOLIRO “U0D —snroaunzjaosyy pup paxyy (Pp) uO) —SNAACAOT NAANYD —"] ‘ANY NT 317 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 1906.) ‘govutod ofdde ysery LOJ SU posn SsJUILOTJoOo vuIRS z ‘adua JO SaTJoTAVA [[V 07 pottdde squsrpoyaos surg | $° SS 0°16 G°9G 8°cT or) I~ SG oT 0°S tn 7 GSP S° SP 6° PP L°Gp €°68 0° oP vOr 9°8& 6°68 L° SP S°SP LSP VSS 9°86 6°&% O°TE 6°08 L°L6 1°83 G°0E S18 LOL | pe iPPULL 0-9 V9 ¥°9 ay SF oF o°F 6S &°9 SL 9°8 we §°9 &°g 9°F v9 8° FL FL tL tL FL PL tL VAL tL tL FL ial tL lat FL FL FL ‘(awuasad wnyoT) Ssvas dha [VIUMOIOT * (UMnoYDYT WNHOT) 88BAS OAT ULITVIT . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘UIMOIT? * no 09R] {(seuphpna pquy “VF ) dopey ‘ano ATavo §(s1.upbyna vqyy *Pp) doy-poy “(srupbyna DQM sysOuP Pp) AO-pory ; : : : * (snignja UNLAYPMUBY LLP ) SSBAS YVO [BL **(pynsawmo7ph sylizov( ) SSBAS PABYOIO > §(poNDIT DOJYIOZHY,) ) SSBAS UVIIVSUDAT * “(ppb-snwo *g) youttut pav fuarvg . . . §())DB-SNLI WNIWD) SSBIS pAvAUIVE yh tf (gasuagned LoYn)a DONISaT) ONOSIF MOPVIFL E : a : C : : . : 2 SAUY povUSULLI j . . . . ‘ * “(gossuss poxtut) Avy YSIpsug y ? : : : : - ‘Key epvurp ‘(seswagnad VO) S8BaiS-on [GQ AYONGZUIY . . . . . * “(pssatdwumood VO) SSBIS-OD{C BPVUBO “SIOITUN PUD sassp4y MopvayT (VD) ‘SUCdCadOWT ASUVOD AUC ANV AVET— ‘IIT *SJ°[ TIN (Jan. STATION. HATCH EXPERIMENT 318 = = = 6°S cr FFG OIL 0°9 jas T ; ; ‘ : : * §Cupa s~umhyna s1jsosbp) 104-OVTU MA OT L°9% L°S1 G'S 0% GG L° 6% GG 6°S tL IL : : . ‘ : : * qno0 99V] ‘ (asuagnud +7) AYQOWLY, “0 PLS L°LT o's 8°T CSP 0°TS L°g OF FL I Z : ; : ; : ‘ano ATIvd ‘(asuaqvud *gq) AQQOWLL OT 6°9% Ga 4 OF OT VSP 1°86 ¥°8 oP ial 8 c ? : : : : : ‘(asuaqgnoud wnajyd) AYOUWLT, 8°0 G°0% 8°8 ane eit C* FP 1°93 Nees g°G FL % ’ ; ; : ; : : F ' ‘Key opears 10 dwivag = = = - GZ 8°6F 0°F rs SF 9 z 7 tt tt ss SCarpegzeoun Agerrea) Avy aTes 9°0 L°& jets) | &°S Xe c'cp C°GS gg v8 9T I : * *(ssvais yYouvaqd puv ssvis xoj AjeSrv]) Avy yes POXTL L°0 SPS 6°ST 9°g ST 9° cp C&S ee 0°9 9T i : : ; * §(do}-por puUv ssBIS YOuTC) dIMYXTU VAOD a 8°0 9° FS S°TL 8°s Te y°OF 6° GS &°9 O°L 91 I : : ' *(suagnd nuyunody Aja3a1e|) Avy IVs WAOIS-YSOY { = 8°0 6° FS 6°11 O'r LZ 6° OF OS L°9 8°g 9L 3G : ? ‘ ; : 4 * = *(suagnd puig.wvag) SSBIB XO E be] 6°0 0° SZ 0°cT Ss an S°TP 0°S% 929 Z'°8 9L T ‘ ; : * §(g.0na DwmaygL.wwUL D702L.098 DUIDLDAY) ISVS YT L°0 1°2% Tal 8°§ Vs TGP PGs 8°9 9°L 9L j : ; ; : : * *(opnords syyousid) ssvas yourig OT ¥°2S $F UP (ane T°ep €°FS OL FL, 9L g ; ; : : : : ' *Qpunuay snounyf) SsBis yout J "WOD — $7977.JT PUY sassp4y Mopvayy (v) ‘Uu0D) —SUAGCGOT ASNVOO ANC ANV AVILT—‘III \ wee S29 IS hy A by by by A, hy rg > A 3 we e S 2 Sid Ey S e 2 E HS & &. HS é &. e Sexe 0 . iT fo . pete I fom as Bg >" Te A, E Or aAVN ® z ©, fa») fa) ro *ALITIAILSH91(T "NOILISOAWOQ @ “PANUYUo? SUTOILDY UAACdIOY AO ALITIALLSADIG(, GNV NOLLISOdWO,) yy if 319 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 1906. ] TPO 9°11 0° ST G°LT o°S1 “URULIOX) OY} THOTT TOYR} SPUOLONFIOD 1 S°8& L'0F L°9F 8°GP 6°88 [°8& L°OPr G68 &° 96 TGs 0°68 VLE 9°-LE T'°9& £°8& GOP [08 Tor 9°11 9°61 V9 9°P cI cl oT 0% (RU 4 los | vy ‘TOAO[O OYISTV PUL SSVIS pARTOIO ‘IOAO[O OYA[S[TV PUB SILAS IVO . . . . . . . * ‘snqor Lape yy “SNOIUDPIOSU IY PUY paxiqjy (a) . . . ° . . . . . ‘qvoTLAA **(urezr00un AJOLIVA) JOTI * Cuinaony iu *) JOT §())Db-snso WHO ) JUTTNT ““(pONvyT 10749070Y;) ) OUTTA . . . . . . . . ‘UrRoq A£0g D : 3 i : * “URAaq 98.10 FT . . . . . . . . . ‘Koya ee | ‘IOAOTO Poa WINTpPOTT : : : ; : * “TOAOTO Pat TOUR] ‘IDAOTO OYISTV ‘saunBbay (0) : : : : . . . , ; ‘SIRO ‘Kap AIA S1DAOJS U.IOD ‘ploy utoay “1TOA0jS UAOD ‘swappoy 70010) (Q) [ Jan. HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. 320 *SLLOMa ‘sqooq ° * ‘spposuryq * ‘SolLllequBig . * *s]0LIRO : ‘sasuqquo Iappoy MOTI * *‘sq9aq IBSsng : ‘pod ‘sqooq * *‘g9yoqon..y : * ‘sotddy ‘SHIAVLADAA —"AT * SASTUP OUTTLAL * VWoJOA PUB IBV AL i se Syvo puy TOA ‘s}vo puu stag “LOD —SnoaUD)jadsLY PUY paxyyY (a) ‘UwO,) —SUAaddOW ASHVOD AUdM ANV AVH— III - Lh £0 OL L'0 g's 8*0 WT aL 88 ¢ Aga wie eo : - = “I 9°0 q°8 aL "0 z0 68 I foqeee res 5 = = 3 - | &0 8° el OL 670 68 ¢ Perey gree a BP eS > = rr = "0 org 6°0 9% 8°0 06 i A ihc eee = oP = a "0 gr at ST OL 68 v i. a ee: 10 GOL 6°0 GT [0 C01 6°0 9°T 6°0 98 Sle mit pt a = = = = 10 9°8 L°0 CT ye 88 ii are . Coe = Ss = : z°0 6°91 6°0 6°% nt 8L I i eee tbe = - = * cr0) €°81 qT Orr L°0 8h z Pat i en “OLH 2 = 7 z 0°% 1°68 L°08 9°9 0°9 cL I Bid a” as Pi ST f° 8% LET LOL 1% v'HE BLS GFL 8°9 Cl v tn es NOS aa [IZ L°St $°8 £73 8°ag 19% 8°21 ae cL g eee ns eee ol 6°BS SF 6°8 9°% "Le G° GG ord oh Cr if Seay aaa os bs ry hy iy hf A, hy hy eae ee ae & isd o S & coRsd o 6 y 5 & : 4 5 ct 5 mS 5 et bE a 5 oe ® @. ce ® @. g o 2S ® 5 8 ® 5 ; 5 Or oor Fo te A Be ® ® =] “ALITIALLSH9I(T *“NOILLISOGWO(D) oh “ANY N ‘Panuyuoy —SHIOMLUY YAACdOY AO ALIUAILSADI(, GNV NOLLISOdWOYD y 321 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. "YOINIG 1 oes | 8°9 3°81 S6L | Bs T'88 ga a LG Lg 0°% g 0793 | 6°¢ 0°61 2 8° 0! 6°61 3 PE g°9 ran 1 8*9 Orr OL SFL § or vey ao GOL S°P OL are 0° LE 9° FS 9° OF 9° PF S° PrP 8°6 9° cP ol 9° FE F°8S PGP 1°98 9°8P 6° FS &° SP V° 02 C°S6 &°F8 9°SE ols O° SL 0°16 8°dS Saiz 8 9°9 L Lev, 6 L’y OL os OL £0 LL VS OL ve IL 9°F iat O°g il &g iat oS at 8°s FL 6°0 06 L°0 &6 JE 68 a 08 6°90 08 oT 08 : : : * *(9pv4Ls MOT) [BOUL PIdS-109JOD * TBO P9dsS-U09J0D * vou INUBODIOD ‘SSUI[PPIUL Jeol A yong * ‘paoz JBOULAA ONE, ‘SUIBLS JOM SAOMOIG ‘SUIVIS polip SasoMoIg - s + © 9IqiIpe s.1n0WwITy ‘Tou poor” . . . . ° “W104 (D) **(ue015 UNTpowl) uUBaq AOS ; : ‘avoq Aog . ‘suBeq O[Ppes ‘suvOqd T{UIZpPVR poy : * Suvoq OSLO] ‘Saud GULVULNAONOD—"*A . . . . . . . . ° . ° ° ° ° . e ° ° ° ° . . . ° . ° . . , ° a : > ‘sdiuiny, * ‘ysrpet osouvde ° * ‘suSeq-uynyy . C *9909R10 7 . : *9907¥10 7 ine ee? ‘sdrusav gq [Jan. STATION. HATCH EXPERIMENT 322 T'0 9°&8 6°38 G8 8 p98 OF O°sT, oT 9°98 G°SL 1°06 T°9 "8% 6°P C08 FS L°66 9°9 Gis Tor GLE z L° CT VS GSP = Luts 9°% LY gg £° SS CTL L* LG Leis 1° &@ Gg G°8§g GP SEeL ~ A = ~ 8 ® ih » oO 5 ae me oO @ “ALITIAILSAO1(T 9°0 SPP 9° FL O°SE 9°L 6 6° FP 9°8 L°6L phgae PL O° EP 9° SL V°9G 9°g¢ 6°9 G°9§ 9°8 $°FS og L°G ¥°9E 6°8 Cols gg SLE €° EY Gg G° SZ Gg POL 6° SP £°6 L°ts L°3 esl 9° SP Sor €°ss GOL EG T° 6P 1° 0° 9 OT OT 6°SP 8°0 8°68 6°0 OT Ts G0 8° #8 v0 8 $°s¢ GL 6° 9% LT arae GPS E°OL LES Let GP Gg’ s¢ 6°?L est OG ino] A 9] rg > By bd 3 3 ee Hs | & é KB ge . _ » o 5 aE ® fa) *NOILISOAWO) "TOYO yo 1equinny *sosATRUYy : . : . * “psey OULOTg : : * ‘ayvo Aryep s,Aqqig : 3 : ‘i * ‘sqnoids 4, ey . *(sso00id po) [eout possulry * ‘*(ssa00ad Mou) [BOUL Padsur'T : : : * ‘(Boul poasxBLT ; : . * FRoUl [IO ULIa4 ‘(ssoo0id po) [woul uaynl Ss Supy , : ‘ e * TRout uaNypy 4 : * vor ‘Tvoul TaNpyD : : * vot {mop wayyy . . . . . ‘pooy waynpy S * 100 wWoIy ATOSrV] ‘SUTVAS PITAp ,SIITTNSIG " 8 * + “OrH “paey Arteq "M09 —U22}04q (DY) ‘u0) —Sadaaq AALVULNAONOD — "A ‘ANVN : = *PAnuyuUo,) —SATOILYY NACIOWY AO ALVMAILSHOW. GNV NOILISOdNO;) “V 323 ‘URUIIOL) OT} WIOIF TOY} S}WOTOTJOOO UOTISOSIG 1 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 1906.] = <= y r°% Q°GS. 9 S"O1 6°6 OT 0°31 I re ade len See Lk Gea ee 2, ae, ee OLS = = 7 gg 8°89 OvL 9°6 13 O°FT z epi ln (ig ss ape oo tom > thse - bonarum od, Uru Oiteg G19 | 6% 8°h 6°T g-99 | Lrg Gold ere G 0°21 OFA canis ce ly fe ee ae ee fs TEND eae OCD = = = 9°¢ 0°s9 £°0 0°8 TOL 0° ST T A 8 Ae eee Se ite uae ee On Od ALLom oe) “hyownys (q) ees ES Sane 6°% O°Lg 9°8 °c a9 0° OT € ? ; ‘ : : < e : * “(TOJUTM) TRIG 1BOT AA 6°88 9°F o°S1 o"e g°%e ¢01 T°91 s°e 0°01 if Se eh MUR ey ee BO eS GOULLOS) Wat | eou Ak: POLS 6°S 9°SL VP T° &¢ 0° OL $ OL o°9 0°OL Gls i : ; ; : : ; : ‘ 2 ‘ * “OBaId VOT AA 8°ks $°F Maye Sag 9° FS ¢°cT S°CL ay 0°0L L 3 ° , : : ¢ : ‘poyeroy[npe ‘pooy POxiuUl yvoy AA PZ T°¢ 3° a 7 oreg os O°LT g°¢ 0°0T weh |° ° * ° * **sSUITpprut puv ueiq ‘peos poxTu yvoT AL G’eP TZ 8°SL 0°g gag OL 6° LT Say 0° OT SOS |i ; ‘ : ’ : : Cn ‘(pavpuyys) SSUITPpPIUr YBVOT AA F°ZS aT 6°9T 8°P 9°6¢ aS S61 oS 0°01 OO Ge Y i i y y : * *(IMoy) SSUI[pprIur yeoy MA 8°9¢ = 8° TL L°S 9°F9 8°g L° FL Or’ OTT CT 3 ¥ q ; : i : . 4 ; ‘pooy AY = = = 9°9 T°I¢ O0°0L 8°1G C°G 0°8 ¥ 3 : ‘ ; ‘ 5 ° ; 5 : ‘BulojOIg Lt 8°0 9° PF 8° OL L°¥G a’s 0° 6F OF 0°8 i ‘ ‘ . ; s : : : . : : * Tvoul ynuvog POP aT L°ST leit ¥°6P G° LT 6°ST 9°S 0° OL I : F : : i = : ‘ : ’ : i [Boul VOT L°T9 (e\ 8°31 a9 ° 79 FG 8° CT €°S 0°6 ¥ ; 7 . . : : . ; s * ‘9uTz ‘SSuI[Pprur IVO 2 * 8 az, 9° SF LOT Z° 8% be 0°6 ¢ SI GA ON ee la li. aero piemme 0°88 v's 1°01 $°8 T°z¢ i i 9°9T $9 0°01 8 eee as Lee Cre ee eee eee ey Li kale G*0¢ he 7 €°8 9°T 9°19 GOL OFT 9°9 0°9 z 5 r : 5 : : . ‘pooy avsngs wooRpL 9°8F vF $°8 Ls 0°09 «=| O'OT 9°21 L°9 0°s if i i’ eee aes Yer tie cry [ Jan. STATION. HATCH EXPERIMENT 324 =. = et 3 SP aos) §°8 yo 1s OL 8 ° F ; : : > Spesey AOTABG PUB yvO ‘ULOD os Brag Pg 9 ES 6°39 S11 9°38 sie OL 68 : z : : : *(10}01 A) Pods YVO PUB ULOD a 5 f: = os 8°F9 6°6 eG 0°8 OL SP j : : , : 7 r ‘paej yvo puw 10D 5 > = = Sk 6° 9 HS COL 61 IL € : ' : : ; * S]eUAaY U.100 JOVMG og 1°89 > "9 8's 6°69 6°T 8°6 5 FL £6 ee See eee ie = - = - 6°S 9°TL 0°% f° OL e'1 IL &6 ie oe oe, Bl ee et eee os 09 ee 0°g hts ¥°89 L°9 6°38 FL IL 8§ : : a 5 : 3 * "Raul Goo puB UIOD + 0° Lz Siue G0 G0 @°9G STs L°% cee |b 8 9 F . " 5 : , z - ‘sqoo u10D re 0° 9F ey 8°¢ OF 8°6¢ axa SOL 0% IL rs oe) SER) ee ee) * a 3 = g°¢9 $°CT GL 6°6 8°0 L iE , ; ; 4 ‘ . * QRout JNUBODOD = = = = eT 6° 0S 6°S1 O°SL v8 G I ’ : ‘ ; ; ; : ; * *s[]eYs BOD0D 5 = 3 = L° Fs L°Gh g°g PPL §°9 Li if é : : ; ; 5 : ; * snp RoD0p rat) 9°69 O°F 6°8 Leh L°%9 6°F EMEL 9° IL 17 1 oe » | Siw ie feb tie) are S = es a 10 g°g) T'9 8°0 9°, ral I : : . : ‘ ; ‘aSNJot YOLVIS VAVSSBO "Uu0g — fiyounys (Q) “Wo. —Sdadgq AALVULNAONOD — "A bx y bx ~~ |g y ~ ~ > rie “ = hs o 3 & hay ey 3 z, 2 I i do o o ‘ 4S @ oO “ S 5 a9 . bate og : be ber} om ae P a6 , ole k © fa) we w) @ = “ALIIUALLSH91 “NOLLISOdWO/) a “PINUuyuUoy SWTOILUY WAAdOY AO ALITIGILSHOKT GNV NOILISOdKO,) “V 329 et £°P Sr CL ae) CaL 5 LL-€ Theme *gTOTAOy IVO ‘dd yooq sossvrowt polig . ° ‘OOTY, 07.10 gq SSOSSRIOT ‘poos gorprut paw Ama, "+ 908 JOTITIN ISNJII POOF 8 ,U9][[OTL : : ‘QUT[OZIVINT ‘(OH pooy os.L0 FT ‘jeout AUTULO FT ‘SSUIMONIOS POOSXULT *(royung) pooy Aare * “nooF poos-1090D * URI [TNY-uw0y0dg : * ‘sTjMy 109,09 * ‘gSurmooa108 W109 *(s.rolpoRuMpog) pooy AOLIVG puv yvo uW10D HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. 326 qe L°9b 2 PSs 0°9 8 o'9 = es es g Toe ° 2 0 SE Lae | i") fa) “ALITIALLSH9OI &°9 "u19j01g ‘eq 8°9L GOL S°9L 6°39 ¥° 99 8°0¢ 8° GP 8°6L 0°61 L'ér 9°91 9° os *q0e14Xq 99.1}-W9S01JIN 10 6°6 L°3 carat cis 8°P LE ¢) oT g°8 LOUL g°¢ STL 9°06 | s‘9 T'0 G8 a a 099 | org pag | 68 L'6g | O°0L “NOLLISOdWO(/) “Usy *IOJV A a re re GU Gh ara SCN rat GN GN rt) er GN ‘sosA[Vuy jo 1oquinyy * “Mop Poy Ad ‘s[VUIAy IVOT_ AL ‘asnjat Yorwys a ae PR gate te aaah ‘ - ‘ay1adg ‘sSulppriut aAy *{BOUl DONT . : : : : : : : - *TRAQ OOTY ‘pouvolo ‘aor ‘s]TOUS uuveg ‘sysny qnuvog ‘sysny Ajasivl ‘pooy quuveg . . . . . . . . . ‘UuIq vog u09 —fyoungs (Q) U0) —SAAAT GALVULNAONODO—"A ‘SKVN “papnrjauog) —SaATILYyY YUAaCdOWY dO ALITIGILSHOI(] GNV NOILISOdNO)) “V { \ 327 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. | - a = = 9°6 I's = 6° C8 C°9% OL I EGS eit ic, Fh ied ae as 7 s+ Situ payee. i 7 = = L°vr Be = 6°68 Ese L if i é : : he eee ; : ; F : ‘dvaos 007n AT = bs = = ashi a 7 = 8°0¢ 9° LT 6 18 A ee AL GS tcl tae ieee RAO Oey ete Pe OLIN g = = = = 8°01 "9 - C°68 PLE 9 DV Fae EE PA EE gigs Se 1S a PCRS OC. DUMATEORN, = 3 - e°¢ 3°09 vP v1 L°S 6 g apy sees ey Rak Ny ee tt ge be TORRANCE, a “ £ 3 0° 8° LP °0% 6°L 8°9 OL re rR Oe wei Rae nage A ee em ee MC NLS) r = = = £°0 rs = 6° 8% ¥'F9 8 I ay ey US ele) ye ee fk |) med poner NEY = = ~ = 9° o0 = 1°06 GTZ 9% i! pea SLR so hae CMR, GRR Coome thee Bs . 2 ‘omog nD — ~ = = 6°¢ 9°89 G°9 T's1 6°S 8 ai ; f : ; : : : ‘pooy Aaynod uvorrow y “fhagnog (a) 1906. ] 328 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. (Jan. B. FERTILIZER INGREDIENTS OF FODDER ARTICLES.! [Figures equal percentages or pounds in 100. ] 33 ; < ts bs 5 : om as e x = oa Z = Zz ow Ay I.— GREEN FODDERS, | (a) Meadow Grasses and Millets. Orchard grass, 4 70 0.43 0.56 0.13 Millet, : 5 5 5 ° ‘ 1 80 0.29 0.43 0.11 Barnyard millet, . 3 80 0.30 0.67 0.10 Hungarian grass, . - 3 - 4 i 80 0.30 0.42 0.12 Japanese millet, 3 80 0.33 0.22 0.10 (b) Cereal Fodders. Corn fodder, . . : . 5 c : - 22 80 0.39 0.30 0.13 Oats, pet oy ee ea ¢, a i 3 75 0.72 0.56 0.19 Riga. 6a we ove ek Ce ae ee 2 15 7) .0:27%| Gaye | eid (c) Legumes. Alfalfa, . ° : : . - , : 4 80 0.44 0.31 0.11 Horse bean, . 5 4 * A ; : : 1 85 0.41 0.21 0.05 Soy bean (early white), : ; ; - - it 80 0.57 0.55 0.13 Soy bean (medium green), average, . : : l4 80 0.64 0.53 0.14 Soy bean (medium green), in bud, . ‘ : 1 80 0.66 0.58 “| 0.15 Soy bean (medium green), in blossom, . : 5 80 0.64 0.60 0.13 Soy bean (medium green), in pod, . 5 ‘ 7 78 0.72 0.52 0.17 Soy bean (medium black), . 1 80 0.70 0.50 0.16 Soy bean (late), i 80 0.60 0.68 0.14 Alsike clover, . ; : , : ; : : 6 80 0.53 0.50 0.15 Mammoth red clover, 3 80 0.50 0.272] 0.12 Medium red clover, average, 5 : ; : 10 80 0.52 0.57 0.11 Medium red clover, in bud, . . : ; ; 2 80 0.58 0.71 0.13 Medium red clover, in blossom, . : P : 3 79 0.51 0.58 0.12 Medium red clover, seeding, : ; ; 5 2 75 0.61 0.65 0.13 Sweet clover, . i 80 0.43 0.40 0-12 White lupine, . 1 85 0.45 0.26 0.05 Yellow lupine, ~ . , ° 1 85 0.40 0.44 0.09 1 Many of these analyses were made in earlier years by the Massachusetts State Experiment Station. The percentages of the several ingredients will vary considerably, depending upon the fertility of the soil, and especially upon the stage of growth of the plant. In the majority of cases the number of samples analyzed is too few to give a fair average. The figures, therefore, must be regarded as close approximations, rather than as representing absolutely the exact fertilizing ingredients of the different materials. (J.B. L.) 2 Evidently below normal. — a 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 381. 329 B. FERTILIZER INGREDIENTS OF FODDER ARTICLES — Continued. 3g | ; 2 2 1 70 0.47 1.18 0.06 II. — SILAGE. Corn, 2 : * : ; ; : 7 80 0.42 0.39 0.13 Corn and soy bean, 1 76 0.65 0.36 0.35 2 Millet, : 5 A : 3 74 0.26 0.62 0.14 Millet and soy bean, 5 79 0.42 0.44 0.11 1 Too low; 0.43 nearer correct. 2 Evidently too high. 330 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. B. FERTILIZER INGREDIENTS OF FODDER ARTICLES — Continued. (d) Straw. 4 ° og . = id . 8 | ; Ss fa; / 8 |4|8 Al Ss Be 8 | S< A = A ow Ay III.— Hay AND DRY COARSE FODDERS. (a) Meadow Grasses and Millets. Barnyard millet, 3 14 1.29 2.88 0.43 Hungarian grass, . 1 14 1.29 1.79 0.52 Italian rye grass, 4 14 1.12 1.19 0.53 Kentucky blue-grass, 2 14 1.20 1.54 0.39 Meadow fescue, 6 14 0.93 1.98 0.37 Orchard grass, : . - 4 14 1.23 1.60 0.38 Perennial rye grass, 2 M4 1.16 1.47 0.53 Reda-top, 4 14 107 0.95 0.33 Timothy, . 38 14 1.20 1.42 0.33 English hay (mixed grasses), 13 14 1.34 1.61 0.32 Rowen, . - : a - - : - : 13 14 1.72 1.58 0.48 Branch grass, . : : ‘ ; - Zz 1 16 1.06 0.87 0.19 Fox grass, d : . é - ; ; c 1 16 1.18 0.95 0.18 Salt hay (variety uncertain), . ; ‘ 5 iL 16 1.05 0.64 0.23 (b) Cereal Fodders. Corn stover, from field, : : : : ‘ ily 40 0.69 0.92 0.20 Corn stover, very dry, . : : 4 ; j 17 20 0.92 ebay 0.26 Oats, . 5 - A é : : : : 3 15 2.451) 1.90 0.65 (c) Legumes. Alsike clover, . : - P : : : c 6 15 2.26 2.10 0.63 Mammoth red clover, . : s a : 6 3 15 2.14 1.162) 0.52 Medium red clover, ‘ : 4 : ; : 10 15 PPI 2.42 0.47 Barley, 2 15 0.95 2.03 0.19 Soy bean,. 1 15 0.69 1.04 0.25 Millet, 1 15 0.68 1.78 0.18 (€) Mixed and Miscellaneous. Vetch and oats, 4 15 1.293] 1.27 0.60 3room corn waste (stalks), 1 10 0.87 1.87 0.47 Palmetto root, 1 12 0.54 Icon 0.16 Spanish moss, 1 15 0.61 0.56 0.07 White daisy, 1 15 0.26 1.18 0.41 IV.— VEGETABLES, FRUITS, ETC. APPGRTG a oe. fe a PP eee 2 18 | 0.12) 0.17/19 Ont Artichokes, . > 4 , , j P . 1 78 0.46 0.48 0.17 1 Too high; 1.90 nearer correct. 8 Too low; 1.80 nearer correct. 2 Evidently below normal, erm 1906. | PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 331 B. FERTILIZER INGREDIENTS OF FODDER ARTICLES — Continued. GH S) o® : ar bo A ‘i Ore a3 Ht 50 a ‘ee a5 2 2 3 aS 3 Gs SS S = 3 : 5 : c - 12 11.0 | 4.32 2.00 1.56 Bibby’s dairy cake, : A : 3 il 10.0} 2.94 1.67 2.07 Sucrene feed, . ; : A : 3 A = 1 10.0 | 2.62 2.08 0.55 Pea meal, . : ‘ F ‘ 4 : : 1 10.0 | 3.04 0.98 1.81 mA PG ee ul 8.05 |P 768 | Wee |. 1697 Proteina, . F “ : - - 4 A 1 8.0 | 3.04 0.58 1.02 Rye feed, . . j : “ > : A ; 11 TOUS 256 1.08 1.60 Wheat middlings (flour), . ‘ A ; é 32 10.0 | 3.16 1.05 1.66 Wheat middlings (standard), . : ‘ 5 HE 10.0 | 2.92 1.28 2.04 Wheat mixed feed, a - - : 5 . 223 10.0 | 2.76 1.43 2.57 Wheat bran, . : 3 5 : ‘ : ‘ 98 10.0} 2.63 1.40 2.82 332 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. B. FERTILIZER INGREDIENTS OF FODDER ARTICLES — Concluded. S g di z a< S £ = 2< A = A ow Ay V.— CONCENTRATED FEEDS— Con. (b) Starchy. Ground barley, . : : 1 13.0 | 1.56 0.34 0.66 Buckwheat hulls, . : 2 ; ail 12.0} 0.49 0.52 0.07 Cocoa dust, . : 5 5 ‘ - ‘ i 7-0 | 2.30 0.63 1.34 Corn cobs, : 5 5 ; - : : 8 8.0 | 0.52 0.63 0.06 Corn and cob meal, : Z 29 11.0 | 1.38 0.46 0.56 Corn kernels, . : 5 5 13 11.0} 1.82 0.40 0.70 Corn meal, : ; cj : : 3 14.0} 1.92 0.34 OT Corn and oatfeed (Victor), . 2 10.0 | 1.38 0.61 0.59 Corn, oat and barley feed (Schumachers), a 8.0 | 1.80 0.63 0.83 Cotton hulls, 3 THON) Onn 1.08 0.18 Hominy meal, . : : : 49 10! 1266 0.78 1.25 Common millet seed, 2 12.0 | 2.00 0.45 0.95 Japanese millet seed, . 5 1 12°50 1-58 0.35 0.63 Molasses (Porto Rico), . 1 24.0] 0.51 3.68 0.12 Dried molasses beet pulp, i 8.0 | 1.66 1.47 0.16 Oat kernels, . ; : 2 : ; : i 11.0 | 2.05 - ~ Oat feed, . ; 5 3 - 14 7120) | L226 (O)5 7055 0.48 Oat feed (low grade), 15 7.0} 0.88 0.70 0.35 Peanut feed, . : : ; , 2 10.0 | 1.46 0.79 0.23 Peanut husks, . 1 13.0 | 0.80 0.48 0.13 Louisiana rice bran, . : ° : : 1 11.0} 1.42 0.83 1.70 Rye middlings, 5 é ° : ‘ ° 1 11.0, | 1.87 0.82 1.28 Damaged wheat, 1 13.0 | 2.26 0.51 0.838 Wheat flour, . : ° ° ° 2 12.0 | 2.02 0.36 0.35 (c) Poultry. American poultry food, 1 8.0 | 2.22 0.52 0.98 Meat and bone meal, 10 6.0} 5.92 ~ 14.68 Meat scraps, 4 9.0 | 7.63 - 8.11 VI.— DAIRY PRODUCTS. Whole milk, . ; ; : . : ‘ 297 86.4 | 0.57 0.191; 0.161 Human milk, . 3 88.1} 0.24 - = Skim milk, 22 90.3 | 0.59 0.182} 0.202 suttermilk, 1 O11 | 0,51 0.05 0.04 Whey, . — , ee eae 1 93.7 | 0.10 0.07 0.17 Sutter, “5 ’ , ° ° i ° . uy 12.5,} 0.19 - - 1 From Farrington and Woll. 2 From Woll’s Handbook, 333 “Yse [vainieu puy pang «c ‘UdSOTIIN + “SOTAUIES GGZ JOISLAIIAV ¢ "SorduUIBs [gg JO BSBIOAV 5 ‘Suuyruarmopoad poolq Losao¢ ‘Spaoy WOryVys AlOSaV'T 1 < 88°8 68°08 88"0 - = LT*06 as = I Ss Os eeu ‘PpTUL WPS §(BLOO[TAL) LopMod ATTA a 86°9 zm L°&% 96° FS = = 6P° 86 - - Tt s 2 - poutupys paryy-ouo ‘(vrowveID) IopMOd YLT O = = 91°0 8h'18 1B°GL C0" 8 FG 28 6P'SL 9§°¢8 FL ; : ; : ; ; ; i ‘ 5 * “(ysory) 109gng ZA *; PLS ¢ OL'T F0°€8 ¥6°SL 6&°68 86°18 GG°Z8 ¥8° 6 6FL £ i A s ‘ ; 3 ; ; ; * “(poqyes) 1099 ¢7 | = 2 = 09° LT €¢' OL 00°&% OL°9% ZL°ST 31° SE 60% oo et ts A (SROdOTd. AQIN0D WoT) Weert) Es = >; - LG°0 IL‘0 8&*0 &&"8 §8°9 98°6 1g ’ . ; : ; a : : : ‘ ‘ * OTT Pute99gn gf A = = = 28°0 co"0 08" T 03°6 89° SF OL gee fe o° * + * S(ssa00ad oOo Worf A[OSaxvT) Y[TW WAS = 00°T rs bF8°S 00°S 00°S 00°s 00° &% Co's CL°VS G : : : 5 : ; ; : : , 7 * UIMLIYSOTOD ze F2"0 > SPT CSG 99°T LL°S L8°TT 0S° OL 69° $1 § S : : Fs : ; i ; : i *‘y[Tut UBUIn ]T 2 ¢ $L°0 - 2 9c°¢ SP 0¢°T L° OL £9°ST GO" OT cG°6L rSOl'F | ° ; : ; c ‘ ? ; : * SYTTU LOT AA we i a g E B g E E >= zs BES fon) Mey see dt oe ae | Be pie FF io Dee Be cmlics 75S cM Sees ea er a sy ’ fn - A L ‘LV "SaI'I0g o . ahaa 9 [a9 104] ‘SLOAdGOUG AUIVG AO SASKIVNY ‘O 1906.] 334 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [Jan. COEFFICIENTS OF DIGESTIBILITY OF AMERICAN FEED SturFFrs.— EXPERIMENTS MADE IN THE UNITED STATEs.! J. B. LINDSEY AND P. H. SMITH. Experiments with Ruminants. Experiments with Swine. Experiments with Horses. Experiments with Poultry. Experiments with Calves. Complete through Dec. 31, 1905. 1 Being a portion of the report of the Division of Foods and Feeding. a’ 339 PUBLIC DOCUMENT—No. 31. 1906.) ‘OInyBUIUUT “yup ‘1eppoFs WIOD ‘SulwIo0y Spoos ‘oppoy AoprVg, ‘uoolq ‘toppoy AopLAvg * ‘KyqowTy ‘ssw ‘pop ‘Sunod ‘Mopvout ‘ssRry > ‘Sunod ‘Moprout ‘ssvr9 89 TL G9 99 (G7 = 89 ‘I G SE eens Ses §8—L& 6L—49 9L—9¢ 08—9g¢ Sh—GP z yL—¥ 6F bh 9¢ 69 oP 89 = . z ina obtonsa ©, %, 0S—8F = G9—LFP TL—19 FP—OP 1L—99 = “4 09 IL 19 GL = L9 = 7 z a ; 5 ; : : €9—9¢ 9L—69 99—6P €)—69 = TL—<29 = ‘suappog [valag (q) 29 19 OL £9 = 89 99 ; Coy alls iG ; eae Cg—8F ee 9!—c9 z1-—-6¢ - 51—T9 IL—19 8 g WOOT 97RT 07 A[IvO ‘ssuIs UVIIBSUN|T 89 L9 o9 Og c¢ $9 = eG > ‘ od Z1—09 39—F9 e9—-6¢ 1o—cF ge—ze 99—z9 = g re (s110}Q) poos ALIvO 07 WOOT “oT[IUT osouUNdL EP 8¢ TL EL 58) 9¢ < OL . 6 > a > > 1976 1-09 Lt oL—-8¢ 19—CF a 91—19 9 eg (syJOSNYOVSSvI) ULOSSOTG UT Jor [TW pavATAIVG zg 89 ¥9 éL 2 99 “: BE eo ang adh 5 MUR ‘ sBeses co—T¢ 89-19 89-09 L—2L - 19—49 - c I Heo SUA OUTS SNE) ZG 99 9¢ SF ras 3 9 e I Rone Se eater ob tee et ¥o—2g L9—¢9 8G—FG S¥—8P $818 = ¢c9—€9 09 $b LL 07 = = TL T T y ; % : ag GL bL g9 = = 69 I! Vl ¥ : ‘ : S927). PUD SassVL4y Mopnayy (Dv) “SuMadadOW NAAND —~"T ‘(quap 10g) bape etd “(-quag seq) |*(-3uap req) | *(-guaQ seq) |-(-94e9 req) |°(-9029 10d) | grey | quazoN 4eiT aay o1QL i uUld4yo1g qsy 1099°], 1394° a3 i g jo ‘udaddo,, 0 AGNIY epnip en IN epnig epnig epnig OTUVZIO, Aid , sequinyy “SINVNIWOY HLIM SLINWWITTIX [ Jan. HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. 336 I8 8h GL g¢ - - SL Se ee a ‘rappoy wNYS10 a—I8 gi—Bh oF 99 - - 18h : ih Wei ik pL TL 08 6L = = L = - : : : 2 : ‘ ae f FUL U—-0L 0s—08 0861 - - 18h 3 et Sree 69 oS ¢ bey 09 rN ~ ) > . . . 6s > ‘ > GL—-L9O 19—05 e9—ep 91—89 S9—GF ¢9—9JG me ) g § Sutpses A]1vVa 0} WOOT ‘TappoF VO FL Lh 09 29 SP GL is oa . . . . 649Sp 2 > ‘ OOMAS . oppo uso’ ws—z9 w—EL ZL—F¢ 69—2¢ 19—2@ GL—19 - ol 6 a en eee L 8 Ch Ll = = LL ; - - : Sins 3° ey, 1808 9L—FL SL—LL = = SL—LL G I ‘95U4S Y[IUL “JooA\s “Tappoy U1OD 99 TL cL Gg ¥& tL 69 : - : : are > L—8¢ GL—-L9 08—L9 Lo—9P 0o-FI CL—LO g1- re v é aanquwut ‘paojzuug ‘leppoy ULOD 99 GL 09 L9 CP = L9 6c 29 Sh Sprie 1 wy 6 19—69 P—OL 19—9¢ 89—19 ep—zp oa 69—F9 g I Suru1ofF ysul savo ‘VSUpiIs VYING “Tappoy UloH 8L 6G OP ¥% = = cg = oy fcc Ne as : Zg—F 19—I¢ 17—9P ez—02 iz i 7o—1¢ e I dS1VOO “AL Wg Saangeut uap “Lappoy UID L $1 1g £¢ ¥E CL 89 LT 6 yh ts QangBUL Yup “Lappoy U1OH 8h, 9b ¥9 19 = = OL 6 g 7 5 es se SqTTUE “Guep “Teppoy UID "U0 —suappoy pvpaia) (@Q) "wO) —SUAadadoOW NAWUY)—‘] “(-quag 10g) oe’ *(‘queg 19g) |*(4u989 19g) | °(-9UED eq) |*(*queD 19g) | *(‘qgueD 18g) irae Recent Vey aa OIL iT ureyolg ysy 1049] 1944R]L auaine j ‘a ‘ugaadog 40 GNIy epnig -ue30.1}1N epnig epnig epnip OLUVSIO Aig : qoqumyy “Panwsyjuody SINVNIWOY LIM SLNUAITYAd Xo 337 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 81. i 1906.) [L—0L GV—GP Is §8—6L as) $8—18 91 LL—&L c9 89—19 69 c9—19 L9 895-09 LL LL—-LL 8L t8—¥L LL 8L—9L 69 TL—89 6L 08—LL tL CL—E€L oF OF GP—8E OF—OP 99 L9—&9 L9 19 69-19 a a a ioe | a * ‘Surpaes 07 woolq ‘sved ploy veprurg : * TUOOTG dLoFoq ‘sved ploy BpRULD . : * ‘Surplos oy Apror ‘svad Mog : . * *goTCUes OMY BSVIBAB SIOAOTO 5 : * ULOSSOT OFRT SUIMOT SIOAOTO “WLOSSOT 9}¥RT Spor STOAOTO A : “ULOSSO[C 93RT SUOSUITIO STA AOTO * ‘Surpeds Sude.s wuntpout ‘suveq Ao0g ‘WOssoTq [[NF ‘usa wuntpouw ‘suteq Aog ‘Sulpoos SuLyZLOOUN AJOLIVA ‘SuREq AOG ‘Wood dLOFOd SUTBJZOOUN AJOTLIvA ‘suBEq LOG * “TOppoy VILVITV ‘saunbaT (2) ‘gordures 40q 9SRAIOAV STOppoF wanysa10g ‘uossorq ysud Sroqury Ajauq Saoppoy wnTyS.10g HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. 338 - ‘uoolq ‘seed puR s}7VO ‘uloo Tq SYoJOA Surids puv sywo * moolq ‘svod puy Aojrrg * Sonuod addy Lg el 89 GL FP = 69 eee ee feats : 19—¥¢ 9L—TL TL—99 8L—69 94—0P im TL—89 q 3 qOjoA ALIIVY PUB PVOTAA TOPUL AA SP o6 18 68 €9 = cs ¥ z . ; : * QSei10av ‘odvi xossq JAVA $F 06 #8 18 6h = = sre, ee ‘ 4 : bh—OP 16—06 P8—¥8 68—98 I9—L¥ - I8 & I OES Dugas Tt See eee *¢ 6 06 06 9L S 88 hele te ee ‘ . : eo—Fe F6—F6 06—06 16—06 LL—9L, - 88—88 3 I 6 Cas Fee ORS See eee 9 $9 cg PL L¥ 29 o ce de Pe 2. < : Bo a pst PL—Cg 19—9¢ 19—8} £8—89 e9—98 0L—84 - q 8 peboas See oe Er ere #9 oL 9 vL 6F 89 OL ¢ z = ec) rL—I¢ LL—99 OL—FS Z8—89 Zo— GP 69—L9 ZL—69 LP 89 89 Gh eg = 19 e I Yn Co—CP 0L—99 ZL—G9 9L—8L GC—6F = 69—¢9 6¢ 89 rou GL ¥¢ c9 e 5 e aay oS eee C9—FG 9L—9¢ 19—88 I8—8L Gc—zg IL—¢¢ = oF cg c9 = 6h = L 9 Z Hien aah eA BE 2o—68 06—08 G8—98 ~ £9—F = 08—99 *SnoaUnD ]]aISIY PUY paxry (Pp) TL LL €9 8 CF = TL ‘ emece Paes Z-—29 78-29 e)--ze 98—6L ec—6z s g)—99 cal P WOOT *(vso772a D104 ) YOJOA AATBVY IO TOTAL 6S 9L th TL LT > z9 Fins, 28 heehee 3 : 09—LS pel 9F—ZF Cleat, = = 29-29 é T (sae nena) yaaes aeety "u0g —sawnbaT (2) ‘u0) —Suaaadogq NAAN —'*] *(quey 104) ieee "(99 Tod) | *(*9UeD Jog) | *(-9UD tog) | *(-9U9D TOq) | *(°9U9D Td) | gray ry neniente qe aay OLQl iT U194jO1g sy 1044VIL 10448] a[surg yo ‘ugaddoy. JO GNIY epnig -u9 300}1N epnig epnig epnig O1IURTIO Aid : qequiny “‘Panuyuoy —SINVNINAY WLIM SLNAWINAAX 339 PUBLIC DOCUMENT—No. 31. 1906.] GL 6L—99 es) §8—I8 G9 99—Z9 TL $8—§9 99 0L—09 cP 9¢—T§ cO—LV te a ee ee oF G io 2) | 9T 6 lt~ * ‘SolpOLIBA [[vUIs forngeU YU ‘oSvlIs U.10D G * ‘S[BLIy [TB VSBIOAB “YUOp SOSRTIS TION . . ‘SUIZBIS SIVO ‘SpLOTUBY ‘OSVTIS UIOD : * 9 anqeut ‘erursarA “uop ‘asviis u109 ‘oinquul ‘TION 93 JO oplig “uop ‘asus u10D : ‘ommyeuult ‘Survey “Quop ‘o8vyis w109 ‘STVII] [1B OSRIOAR SOANQVUI “YUOp SA8SvTIS WIND ‘STVLI} [[V OSRIOAR SoAMQRUIUIT ‘4yUOp ‘aSvpIs wI0D . = 4 : : 2 * 9S8vRyIS IOA0[O ‘(1.109 FT ‘SUBdq G) OSRTIS UIOD puv ULvaq LOG : * 9Sxyiis yoru pavAuareq pue weoq Aog ‘OSvVINOAV ‘OSUTIS Uvaq LOG ‘moo Tq ‘MOTIOA YouturvUr SoSvtIs wroq Log : 9 : : * ‘g10038 ‘osulis wvoq LOG - 5 . 5 = © ‘gqR08 ‘eSutts weeq Log SOW, Le Ti [Jan. HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. 340 98 89 69-19 9L LL—GL $l yL—CL *(-queQ 10d) Ye epnig *(‘queQ 10g) qQOVIGX 901F -UddO.1FIN 09 $9—9G 8¢ 89—I1g¢ GG Fo—0g 19 g9—8g¢ ~9 89—6g "(quan aed) lq epnig §9 ¢I—09 6 &I—9 Lg 89—L¢ cL CL—F1, 86 &8—GS vg Gc—ég g¢ LG—€G 68 ah 1% te Se vy—@E 9¢ 9g—9¢ *(-queg 10g) Ul9jO1g epniy ——— =. ~~ Ir 89 99 z I 1*—0F 0!—99 89—F9 - 6g 1G - z9—e¢ 09—I¢ & I - - 09 - ~ 09—6¢ v U rat 19 9 : . eo—2¢ 0!—e9 89—£9 = LG cg ¢ I - 6e—9¢ go—F¢ = OL 89 “ I = GL—89 OL—L9O ) SF QL GL 2 0c—9F 9L—CL PLL 6 u = - - I I = = - L I - ~ c - ~ ots 6 l < = 9 Ma z . Sa0n) |}. ° I #8 GL OL 4 I eae SlL—Ch, 0L—69 ° *(‘queg req) | ‘(gue req) | *(queQ 19g) |... err UsV Oye 1999C ange pare epnig o1Ue 310 iq [ours ot ie a Suroeq os104 puv spvel, JaMoyguns ‘u109 JO vIngxtU ‘a5RIIS ne herd at aoe ‘parngeul [JAM ‘aSvpis umySa10g : = : ; ° : * 9Suyis vad MOO i ee kG 7 5 +) Spaanqeur oA ‘aSuyIs 1.100 Ae y 2 ; 2 * anyzeut QooAMs faSRIIS WIOD : : : : = ‘pourgeys ‘ASuyIs usl0g : z : * Spayooo Sarmmgrut ASvypIs wD . = : ? * ‘Mer poy fainguul SaSVIIs U0) : : * ‘“daoys ‘poysnao ouy ‘asus aa0pg - ; : * ‘s19ajs ‘poysnazo ouy SosRpis ua0g ; ‘porve Apred Soy oSaxu] “Quip AaSRpIs usog WO) — ADWIIS — "II ‘uaaaog a0 ANTy “‘panwyjuog —SINVNIWOAY HLM SENAWIMAAX d41 PUBLIC DOCUMENT —No. 31. 1906.] 69 LE cg eg—Ig LE 6&—9E &P LG 9967 6F ‘SUV BSIOY 0.10 J[VU-9O pUL SpLdT AOMOYUNS o10V YJANOJ-9UO ‘U109 9108 OO Jo TOTAOdOI 09 99—0S 69 S9—F¢ a9 89—89 8¢ 6G—LG oF $ Gl— 64 &P Sh—OP &% 9 9% TE—06 69 IL—89 c9 Vomat9 19 C9—6G LG 8o—LG ¢9 L9O—¥9 — D : : - SQungnoids wngaswilad ) YOTTLUA [LVI-YVO ‘no Surproy ysnl “orptut pavAuavg > ‘poproy [TOM “qoT[1Ut paw AUR : * *(sasuadaypy uohodospuy) S8Bis TOSTYOL? “ULOOT ‘(sasuagpud =40unDJa ~ MONISIT) ONOS9E MOpPVROTT * ‘odia §(wunomayy oaaT sUSOLbD4Y) S8BAIS (BID *(wn41aUuay uniidowbhpy Kjosary) Avy purtdn opws1opoop “(snu2ppoas snumoLg) yoyo 10 ssayO : : * “(saprophpovg swyqng) ssevas oyvyng fs : : ; * Troolq sed ‘gurof-on[g : : : ‘ . : * Saxo 0Tq ‘gurof-onTg : ‘uLOO[ ‘(wssacduod VET) SSBIS-ON[C VpPVUBO * ‘Oo TG ‘(srsuagnud DOg) SsvaAS-onTq Aon! "SOI PUD Sassv4yH Nopvayy (V) ‘SumaadoWd ASUVOD AUG ANV AVE — ‘IIT psuvoq osxoy puv Queyd OTOYAM) sTOMOTUNS SUIOD JO oIN{XIUE SOSuUTTS JOLT ‘s 342 19 tL 9L Sh zg Sh gh i, 8 I are OnE Marae BP ei gg gg 19 09 = 9G 9g g G s ° * ‘gorduus OG VSvABAL ‘sSVIS PAVYOIO 9¢ 9g #9 09 - = 6¢ ° e = . ‘ 2 Sp. ‘ 2 — te og 1g—c9 19-09 09—09 iy 3 o9—t¢ z I USAID JOU BSLIS ‘SSuIS pavyIIO $g $G 8g 6S ie 9¢ vg 1 I = ‘ * “ULOOTA 10378 SAUD U9} ‘SSBLS PIVYIIO 0g cg 89 8¢ : cg i ao ns, alee seal ii aiesie ier eiwan waa e9—98 69-29 19 89—6F - 69—19 somo |f 8 : a la il aii 9¢ 8¢ cg T¢ G7 - ce P ie go—Fe Ge—96 Lo—e¢ i ep—be id 1e—$G G il ayVl ‘(sn2Qv)2 WrlaYyZDUaYLLP) SSBAS YO TTBL a oP && v8 = > 68 - + +6 + tery duress 10 opvas “Moprayq = 5 98—08 Le—18 - ; 07—8e & z ee ae pe! ch 6g Gs LY 0S 8g og } > + ‘§Surqe 14 ‘sassuas pexIW i 99—9¢ 0¢—9F 79—LE 98-91 191g 6o—6F OF ¢ upywuTWOpard SyJoULy ‘sassvas PAXTW og 19 09 Le Li z9 09 Pay een ieee eves SC—IF 19—9¢ OL—GF co— Fe eg—le 99—09 co— Fe 09 CL (‘gue ted Q[-g) UrojJOId UT YOu ‘SossVIsS POXT]Y OG 9¢ &9 Tg VG me 9¢ z I ; CU—8P 69—Z6S 99—09 C8—0E o&—9L = 8S—Zg ; , : ; i * €(wannyy v07490}0Y,) ) a ad +9 19 89 09 = 99 G9 - OP ehecucnw Sek tales © Cree ieinings Ge = L9—L9 s9—L9 - - 19-99 99—19 < I =e (eS 69 8g 9¢ &@ 18 = FG I i : ‘ : : : ‘ ; * Yay waploy J MOD —sSjza7/t}" PUD sassp4y) nopvazy (HY) ‘uw0) —SUNAaCGOWT ASHVOD AUC ANY AVH— ‘III *(‘quep 19d) fee) "(quad dag) | *(-9UeD Jog) | *(-9UeD oq) | * (UD TOT) | * (UPD TOD) | gray cere : DAs A 6 Figs oAQL iT uleqJOLg qsV 1044V1 10448 sete : oo tein alin PPot) -u9 301 NT epmip epnip erm oyuesiQ fag : Toqun “‘PanUuyuUoy —SINVNINOAY HLIM SLNAWINGAX 343 PUBLIC DOCUMENT—No. 31. 1906.] &¢ FS—EG 98 LE—98 0g 1g OL—€% SP CI—9’ 8% 0S —96 9§ Is—11 9¢ OF—E& &¢ 09—9P 99—0S¢ 99 99 §1—@9 99 GL—69 19 c9—T9 19 SP OF Th—88 &P 0&—es Lg 09—0¢ CP &h—IP 09 €9—9¢G 6G ec—0¢ 9¢ 8¢ S9—€¢ 69 89 6999 OL 19 69—09 81 0g ¥o—LVP 69 89—08 78 T8—£8 69 1-89 8¢ 6S—L¢ 69 69-19 9g 6¢ 9-14 rau 29—8F 8¢ 19—I¢ g9 123) L9—@9 cg 89—89 19 V9—69 6G cc—6P is 99—6G ge 6¢ Z9—L¢ ae 19—LP 6g 99—F¢ Fg 99—6¢ rg 9g—T¢ LG gg—eg og Lo—6P 9¢ 69—0S¢ ore Nee a ~~ Na ~~ ee ewe ae eee a ie8) o> | 19 g i) | VG G z *(yBout 1 ‘Avy ZL) [vou pocs-u07j300 YL poy AYO *(Teout T ‘Avy 91) [Vou poos-U0}09 YITA poy AYJOUTY, * “oqo ‘SOSSULLS ‘S[VLLY [[V OS vAOAV ‘A YPOUTL ‘uMOoUyzUN osvys ‘AYJOUILT, : ‘wool ysud ‘AyyouILy, oS 5 * “oorq ul ‘AyyouLy, YouRaq puv xXoj faangxtu Avy ypVg * “(suagnd puynwnds) ssvas Xow Y * §CUDa DUIWUDUW VIILES DUDA) OSVS YW] * *(ngpords $1)Y01981C_) SSBAS YOUBIG **(Ipyday SNOUNL>) SSVAS YOvpgq : ‘S ULI} [[B OSVAIOAB ‘MIMO : * ‘Kyjouy Apoyo ‘moMoy : * ‘SoSSBLE POXTU ‘UOMO *doy-pow ‘(uadsy snjoqgosuods)) s8vais olateig [Jan. 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(euados Winots ki) PaesA SOFA CP 09 GG 6§ 61 Ty FS . . . . «6 ‘ is < T&—86 99—G¢ $9—6P S¥—GE Pomel 7 09—SP L I Wood 97R, ‘doy-por puv AOU S¢ 09 e¢ 8S - = cg eas ar ee” ‘ ; : = is po—ze ge—1e a = Co—Fe z i! poano Ap100d ‘1aA0p7) puv AqjowLy, LG 69 167 0G 9T = 0G ai 9 ‘S]VLI} [[B OSVADAV ‘[VOUL POdS-109}09 YALA poy AQJOWLy, BE gL GS = IZ << 6F # a & > Kp > - 4 18-6) 81-89 9%—¥% fe °7—61 s z0—Lp z T (jeow [ ‘Avy T) [ROU po9ds-10O9}jOO YILA pay AYIOWLYT 2, 89 68 &I gl = ag Te eee ee ; : 7l—2L 1L—c9 PP—PE a x ins 9¢—2f z I (jeow T ‘Avy Z) [BOUT PddS-09909 FILM poy AQPOWL, ce LG &P i 4 = we 9P = © Sip Ter : O98 - N 99—PP G1—9¢ Ch—CP p—f a cS 9F—CH 6 I (jvow JT ‘Avy F) [VOU poos-W07}09 YILA poy AWOL PP ¥g oP IZ 9 = OF eee Ty a ee f - Ch—

“Sururroys ysnf savo ‘asviis vyoin gy ‘oA0js TION 5 : * ‘I0N 04} JO Opltg “yuop S10A0}S ULOD “ é . : : > ‘Q:mgqrut OOMs STOppoy UIOD : : : : : * QIinqyeur ‘yup Stoppoy WIOD F ‘ : . > “Suratroy sarvo “Quip ‘toppoy ULOD PO Nebo, *) 8, Semggn aap, fzeppos Bl6D ; . . ° : * ‘sy rUt UT Quop Ssoppoy ULOD (Jan. STATION. HATCH EXPERIMENT 346 09 ag Ie ¥9 9¢ Sh sL—2g 29—6F Z9—6E g¢ gg 8¢ co—FF 89—LP IL—¥6 Gh 09 19 09 19 L9 6L 8a 19 IS—LL 09—9¢ 69-49 19 99 09 L9—LG 89—F9 e9—99 ge Gh 08 Bh—ES - 1882, 09 19 OL c9—ZG OL-—LG 08—Pg 9¢ 89 8h 69—@G 0L—99 08—GL a) 6a 19 c9—19 19—Lg 19—¥6 IL z9 IL CLL 9-29 Aes @2 “quay soa) |CN29 20) | -quop x04) qe waxy onqhal oepniy -ue 801} N epnuay g¢ 68 ¥g #9 za 18 i in 09—PE $9—-02 19-84 09—8F LG Ch cg ag 99—L¥ Po—GE 19-06 6g—1¢ #8 ¥ = Lg 0g gb = £9 08 61 s 9¢ PE—63 98—EL . so—Pe 88 8 = 19 th—F8 lI-¢ = 29-69 08 = . ZL a = : el-TL OF = # 19 69—-8Z = = L9—aq ae : = cg Th—86 = : L9—29 99 = = 9g 69—€P = = gg—ag aq 3 = 09 19—4g 2 = 09-69 “(-quag aeg) |*(-gueg ag) | *(-que9 seq) | *(-gue9 40g) Ul9}JOL Usy 1949VJAl 1049° IT apni epnig OIUvdIO) Aq —_—_ ~~ —iaia ~~ ~~—ia ~~ 0% 9 : . ; : s * ‘*s]BLI] [TB aSuIOAV ‘Avy IVO vL t € : , : : : * ‘qsnop 0} y[Tw SAVY 4vVO 9 v6 : ; = . : is * ‘yy TUA 03 OOTq ‘ABY IBO G va ; 2 ‘S1BL1} YIOG VSBAIBAR SIBAOJS ULOD IVY I I : : : Z ; : * ‘*JQAOIS U1OD IVY if I s 3 " : A * peppoays S1I9AOJS UIOD IVY ¥ I : ; : ; ; * STappoy ul0d IVY j I ‘ . : : : ‘ * sysny ‘19A0}s UIOD 7 ra : : - S]BVLI} YO] DSBIDAB ‘SBAVO] ‘IBAOIS ULOD v6 I ; 5 : S 5 7 : * SQARZ] SIDAOJS UIOD z I : : : 5 = . * SOA] STAAOJS ULOD G Ji ; y ‘ ; 3 ‘sapviq puv sdoq ‘zaA0js UIOD "0g —swappog 1a12,) (Q) ‘Uu0) —SUAACAGOT ASUVOD ANC GNV AVH— ‘III "S307 sis | auorouta ‘waadog 40 aNty Iequinyy ‘panuryjuoy —SINVNINOAY HLIM SENAWINDAX 347 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 1906. ] £9 F9—@9 19 #¢ 0L—SP cy 8o—GE 0¢ 6¢—0PF 19 C9—6¢ F& OF—8G cy 1 ed 6Y c9—LE a 69—09 6 ge 69—L¥ 69 §L—¥9 99 LL—¥9 GL GL 69 0L—89 GL lSieate IL ¥s—19 6¥—Th 6S 03588 L9 FG 9918 9¢ 8o—2G 09 co—9¢ 99 LG L9—6P @9 C9—LG 69 Voss 69 €9—@9 co 69 8g 09—9¢ 69 L9—8S 69 GL—9¢ 19 &9 99—09 8¢ 09—8¢ OG co— bP — —_—~ G a 8 : : : : ‘ Y * SUOMOL SIOAOTO : : : ; ; : * SQqTILA\ S19A0TO ‘pod ‘LOAOTO “UOSTUULIO STAAOTD : $ * “ULOOTO O4FLT 09 [[NZ SoyxIS_V STOAOTD . . . . . . . . ‘URaq A0g : C : ‘S[VII) [[B ISBIDAB SVILVITV . : * gdO10 001} OSVAOAV SBILVILV > ‘doao palyy ‘BF[VITW “WMLOOT [[NF OF poppuq ‘doo puodos *VI[BITV * {LOOT [TF OF poppnq ‘dow ysay VzLVI PV ‘saunbay (a) 2 : : * ‘Yssvusuq ‘aappoy wnys10g ‘SOAVOT ‘LoppoF wUNYS10g ‘roqury Ajavg vyosouulyy ‘toppoy wunysa10g * “MBI9S IBO = 06 64 &¢ VF €& = 9¢ 8 g f * g7eLg (1 03 F) WYO VSBaIDAR “padj pods-109909

TOE OY BST eae A F8 #¢ Ts 9€ GG = €P A 3 A Bea: ‘ = 2S 98—£8 62-08 G8—8z Th—ze 73-06 : ca |} 8 I exes (EO) 9) Leak Poor ae H 16 6¢ 9¢ [F 8% = 9¢ - SR? 5 ene ‘ aes es F6—98 09—L¢ o9—T¢ cp—98 ce—€z ~ 09—F¢ 2 ¢ GOSS CO} 7) LSS PAE OE) M OL L9 167 9G = Lg 9¢ G ie : : ; s - "(s1won snonounupy) sdnorayng = *SnodUD]JIOSYY PUY paxyy_ (Pp) Zi ie 2 OL SL 19 @8 CP 69 : - = is > = FL 69 Cl—-T, e9—09 e9—T8 op—Fe a L—89 9 I (pso7712 DIDL4 ) YOYA Arey TO TDUT AY | TL aL 8¢ OL ge L9 99 ea pot Mee a evel he 3 ta ein at as = SL—OL SLL, 19—F¢ 1L—69 eo—ZG 39-99 w—ag9 =| L (panes wed) eek Sais n4 99 OL aG €9 - - 09 bas nee Sz P a ep hnces oe Naas ag : MA 0L—29 0L—69 e¢—1¢ p9—£9 - - 09-64 a T ours oud nx OG IL SP c9 = = 6¢ : - : . ‘ = ba—9p : ohh Go—F9 ‘ = - - t ra MOD "u0g — saunhaT (2) os) S "u0) —SAAGGOW ASNVOD ANC ANV AVET— ‘I q *(-queg 10g) (ese i *(‘quag 19g) | *(*gUeD I9g) | * (Ue 19g) | *(*-quUeD Teg) | *(-4QUeH 19g) ‘STILT, fat ¢ dlls 40.iT aay OQL A u194o1g ysy 1094] 1099% 7A : a Surg Jo - "ugaaoy 40 GNTY opnig 080K epnig epnig epnig OIUVSIO Aig : requinyy - “Panuyiog —SiLINVNIWOY ALIA SONUNTHAAI XO 348 49 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 1906.] 68—89 L6 16—96 C6 c6—¥6 16 €6—L8 16 c6—16 OOT OOL—O0O0L OOL LIT—68 PL 18—19 oP cs 99—9 8 cI—&§ 67 0S—8P 8g $9—0¢ LW gc—g" oF IL—09 g9 99-79 ‘TROUT 9UO OF STINY anos 7 96 66-66 —— a ~~ ia = —C —_—_~_— iT ei > ies] G aA ioe | io | plan} §1 &% aA a ‘sdruany yey ystpsuag ‘Seusuq-vyny : : ; ; - 3 - ‘s909u}0q * ‘gpplosuvyT ‘sqo0q aBsng ‘SUMAN T GNV SLOOYW— ‘AL > §(O.WWBINA WNUAYJUDONAT ) PII O4IT AA : : : * {OJOA PUBS PUB FBO AA C : ‘(naquabup xapdiwpy) Ysnq 4[Vs *QSVAIAV ‘TOJOA PUB SIVO % ; © qOJeA Surads puv szVO ‘(OJOA PUBS PUB 83VO * ‘gnod puv s3vO ‘ : : : * — ‘gT MY psdes-0990H * *§S[BII} [1B OSB.AIOAV ‘pody pods-109}0H HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [ Jan. 390 othe Hee puss anes 2 BE ie sts Tt [* + + *(@ureyy) operS umypout ‘qeaut paes-109}09 O01 96 ? gs = &6 06 z I " + + *Q@uUTRAL) opers YSty “TwoUt paes-w0y09 oor 28 9699 co 98 96-0 2 eons og |} a TAS OS pies e009 sper ieee E E ee 6 i ; : } ; . z i ‘poysvor *paos-10}}09 = 0c 6F 98 a9 or09 - - A ae Be ep a ee 61s 164 008 ose 198 - owt Bee Se Oe Se ee eis 0918 Z988 18 - : cone |} te NI ed i ol ee is 2 Z aoe = s ie z I - 8 2 8 8 + + ‘ganoumry ‘Teour Poot 668 ee 01 ose SI - wes |{ 9 Seb TONY 2 oe eer fens nye 5 eae Ly ae p. sre t v4 : * unos osivo0o ‘M9018 WMTpow ‘Tow UBEq LOS ore °) lags ¢ nen ota 2 a g ee 1 g S eas ee, ‘UMOUyUN AJOLIBA ‘Tea UBAq Log "U10}0Lq (Dd) ‘SHANLS GAYA GALVALNAONODO—*A off “830 "(-quag 19g) ( eles *("queg I9aq) |*(*4ueD 19g) | *(*qU9D ABq) | *(*9U9H I9q) | ("‘QUeD IOg) “S[CLET, heteG: yeu 9017 olqLa U19}01g sy 1044R TT 1099° 1 a[Surg jo ‘umadog 40 aNTy epnipn -u930141N epnig epnig epnig DIULSIO Aig : qequm “panuyuoy —SINVNIWOY HLIM SLNAWINTAX dol PUBLIC DOCUMENT—No. 31. 1906.] gs I6—9L 69 001—06 89 OL—99 C6 +001—6¢ ¥8 €8 cs 88—Z8 68 $6—98 88 66—98 cg 98—G8 $L LL—G9 &L 08—99 69 €9—9¢ 9L 08—89 §8 €8—Z8 &L €L—GL &6 66—C6 GL L9—29 ee ee a ee Se is) of GL = a a ‘(oSuolyO) poof ozreyl ‘CssBy) synoads 4B IT > ‘synoads 4 VI : * QSvar0av ‘ssooord Mou ‘vou poosul'T ‘xR]p puvpoaAol[g ‘ssooord Mou ‘TBOU pPsdsul'yT . . ° . ‘sso00r1d Mou ‘Bou possul'y ‘gsooord plo ‘woul poosul'y * Frou weNpyS * ‘poop uaynTD * ROU [IO WLIO * T1009 WOAT ATOSAV] ‘SUTBIS POLAp ,S.AO][YSIA ‘oka wOAZ ATOSAV] “Ye puvaq ‘sureis polLap ,S1OT[TSId ‘OH ‘pooy Arteq *(OUIRI) PoJMOUTTOT ApYySys ‘poropoo yavp ‘opvas YSry ‘pwout poos-109j0O * = “(QUIVI) OPV AOT ‘TLOU P9os-109}0H [ Jan. STATION. HATCH EXPERIMENT 392 *(queQ ted) qe epnig 9) Sl—8h IL G9 9L—@9 tL 08S—OL . 88 68—98 | -(-quag aog) |. JOVLYXOL aod “Ud S0I1JIN 8% 69 Ts ¥9 ras) ! e ‘ 98—LI £9—Z9 PE—8Z 19-19 C9—GE a9 J, LE OL: SL } ; pe ark Use Sh—t8 1s—$L STL © 08 LL GB SL = 9 z 9§ 88 = €8 Zs } 7 z 0F—88 16—<8 - #S—I8 98—8L, - 6L = 1, L9 } Z I - 08 —8L = 0L—OL L9—L9O 68 LL = - 99 OL ¥ L3 LL = - ras) } : - 6L—GL - - 99—LG & tr VF GZ ib Ls Le: g oy erg CS—FL, ZTE—0ZB FL—69 !—29 toe = 08 cg = Zs ¢ I - Z8—8L SE—GS oie ad €8—LL +9 8 €8 - 18 z , 99—29 ¢8—08 CPZ - S8—C8 9% g8 = 88 18 2 I 9Z—GS 98—08 - 68—98 88—cs a 6h 18 9g - 06 ) Z l YET 18—08 0F—I8 - 16—88 j : Ane agie We duit *sq0'T (U9 dod) | *(-9M9. Teg) | *(9UED Jog) | *(-9UeD Teg) | *(9UCD Od) | gage | querer OIQ lH uLeyold Uusy 19998 JA, 1099 V]L e[ Surg 0 ® epnig epnig epnig ITUVIIO, Aig : Ae oa *$({00 U.100 YIM poJB.leyNpV ‘pady PAX IW IWIU AA : * ‘SSUI[ppPIU puL UB ‘poay POXTUL IWaT AL * ‘prepueys ‘sSurpppru wou AA . * Mop ‘sSulpppriur ywoy AL ‘IMOp poss FVay AA ‘S|BLI} [[V VSVADAB SWRIG PVA ‘TOJULAA SUB.IG PwVIY AA 5 * Surids ‘uBiq Jot AL ‘sSuljppiut pusw uvaiq ‘paay aly * vow ved MOD : * ‘TReul Bag ‘QU ‘SSUL]PPIU IVO U0D — Ui2204g (DP) "U0 —SHAONLS AIAG GULVULNAONOD —"A ‘ugaado a0 GNIY ‘panurywo,) —SINVNINODY HLIM SLNANIMAIX 303 PUBLIC DOCUMENT—No. 31. 1906.] cP c9—FE §8 cs—I8 88 16—98 (a5) 00IT—6L L6—€6 SF so—9e CF 98—Z 18-61 €S—Po 06 26—68 —_—_—— i —— iA ""'—— Se ~ —m— Tae ~~ Ta ~~ a ~S— > S—— Se — een ioe) D IZ G 6 z : A 5 > vour AUTWOF, "+ + Gayund ‘pooy La1eq * * + ‘gp¥8oy INR yy OUT AA . . ° {ROT W109 IVI : . ‘goUOy UIOO IQIR YY : ‘I0JOTA ‘pao yvVO puV UIOD : . * “vou (oOo puv U10D ‘S[VII} [1B OSLIOAR ‘TBO UIOD * Quy ‘[voul UI0OD . : - 9gr1B00 ‘ROW TOD * *gqQ00 1.109 * TRIG TOD ‘suL103 pave ueaq 109 ‘poay doyo * “pooy ouTlRataD ‘hyoungs (9) [Jan ° HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. 354 T8 es) A LF 6¢ at - 9S z Ft y + 8 © + SQaz ,, ILT[OP-XIS ,, S UOSICA Is—0s =|. c9—¢9 Oc—oPr Z9—9G yI—0L - go—G¢ 06 oy CS G9 G = OF 9 z - 5 8 # * SQ ANG YSBT OSVABAL “pads FCO CO gE zE 29 SI - 43 : Rint ye | >= cc heme eS JAISSVOXA *Paej 9 L6—68 98—63 LE—GS 69-16 12-8 - SE—6Z & I [[NY PAISSaOXe “paay VO 88 Ig 6s 69 18 Sh Ly Mee ee ee eg i w—98 po—04 h—06 ZL—¥9 ov—€e So—BP 1g—@P rekon Pa 68 Me 1g tay CZ L L, : . : : : . : - Hunorsun ‘syeV Z6—LS 6L—¥L 0F—ST 1s—oh 19-@ 199 $1—99 9 é E #80 gg 08 Ze 9 9g s OL ih g - F ‘JOLY JSV[ OHVIVAL ‘Spoo}y SYSSL[OW G6 L SL 19 8s # 69 = . . : . . . - a0) Aarep ouaron g6—86 | L—1h g1—0L W9—Le Ly—88 - une °\\ * : | rainds Bi ot ° cs z8 wP 6g 0% = te 2 His 2 : me . + ng97 aeSns uooeW | © I6—PL ¢s—I8 1G—98 19—LG 13—08 - 6L—69 e E | al iia , 3 az 88 18 ag 99 g8 = TL . a? Une Bae ‘ . . - ‘pg07 avSns ureysjo = 68—98 Z8—6L CI—9G IL—-I19 Sh—VS = FL—0L 8 i poo LoyspoH 2 . a 91 9), 19 @9 Ze = 19 _— Lo a eS Le ea ern LIF GL—EL ZL—I¢ W—19 ze—Te 3 aso)? I eo = 16 $8 9 29 a G8 | . . : . ‘djud good sassuyouw pelap vuyy ) - 66—68 78—E8 69—6¢ G9—4¢ = 18—Z8 é U tas aaah oe eee 08 €8 9¢ L ~ SL PL : : : ; : ; : . : ‘c)-17 “DOeI BB10 18—PL “s—6L g¢—2e 18—29 > Z L—0L a g Oe u0g — fyounys (@) WO) — SHALE GAIT GALVULNAONOD —"A “(¢ eo ‘(-quap 10d) olqhA ooay ! -uaZ0I1}IN epnap "(quan 10d) Jou opnig “(quay tog) |*(FUED Tod) | C9UED 19d) |*(-9UeD 10d) ulojyorlg ysV 10}4P 1094C IL opnin opnig OLUBIIO Aid *SJ0'T “S[ULLL, queso Py f al surg yo uaaaoy 40 GNITY 1oquUn ‘papnjouoy — SINVNIWAY WLIM SENANTUAIX GY 309 [ENT — No. 31. A PUBLIC DOCU 1906. ] a} 99 @ i - - 99 s ORT oe oe ae ; seg cL—9G bao 9L—F1, = s 8L—FE 2 t “WRI VOT = ’ _ - ! r ae gals pan c Prac I "5 + €(SBuTTppra) $7204 OTT AL OL g8 09 08 - - ze é I at tality ah pes oman ImOT AN 09 PL 0g OL = = GL é I paket tyra OS Ce * QTOTLM “QvoT AA - 86 - 78 - - 16 7 I as ee ee eh ee PERE Ory 0¢ C6 SL 68 = 26 06 I I mele Alors A eee Cane eee aT, 6c ZG ee a9 61 = eL i T * QUNIDDIPUUL WNIVUYE ) POOS YoT[TUA SOFT Z8 ¥8 6% 9L ce LL 9L T I : ' : * “sq0o YIM [ROUT OZIV]T 08 ¥6 68 8s = 26 06 } » ie ee ae eT : Z—SL 16—¥6 6F—62 06—98 - 26-16 06—68 g g [Roun 82 TVINi oF 68 88 69 = €8 €8 T i - ; : ° ‘ * *gpoUOy OZIVI 8 Gs ! - iE ACs 2981 1979 ior 0688 crs - eon v L SER OO OCA ELNG LeU eS UAE LG 18 OF 18 = 08 08 T T : : : 4 : ‘rout AopAV “ANIMG IDLIM SLNGWINAEX PL £6 ze 99 Ig - €8 Gee Aye te Wty eee ge Gn 18—99 £6—26 S—ZE 99—9 98—16 - €8—Z8 T Wstrod sory 9 rai} - #8 = - 18 tt eer ee ee co—£9 16—68 - c3—e8 - - 06—48 8 : Bi tthe z SL 1% #9 ST | 29 he a ee eee 2629 18-91 hE s9—84 18-1 - 99-94 4 1 POeAe Sore 16 26 ; zo - - PL ee he Ls Cee 26-16 e668 - > " - on |t 3 i qBeM COT 06 6 z L - - rae ar a sav 06—06 paee ‘est U-oL - - eee 6 I sysny = “6—¥6 - - - - ls %6 5 "3 18 = - - 66—Z6 = : 6-08 - . = L C6 = = £6 - = = 6 = 66—16 = = G6—88 - a = ‘6 16 - = 6 = = = g a 66—&6 - - 86—06 - - - c ‘SHATV) HLIM SLNAWIMAd Xt 6¢ 68 - LL - #8 - I I 68 88 OL tPF = OL = ¢ I 86—GL 16—#8 II-8 6'—0P - - - ; 68 18 SI OF = IL = g I 06—L8 88—98 ¢h—Z 8h—ZE - - - ; 18 IL 8 tL = #9 = g I C8—LL ¢L—¢9 I? I8—89 - S9—09 - 18 - - 16 = 18 - Z " 18—98 - - 16—06 - 18—L8 - J €8 96 cg eP - 18 - g I $8—Z8 L6—&6 TH—08 I—ZP - - - ‘dooys YQUA SY[LU WES ¢ : * STP WEDS ALI * “YILU O[OUAA payoon * Sy] IU OJOY AA pozlanoysug "+ Sq]TUL OTOUAA oe ig te 6" 2 ABOUTS . . * STvout vod MOO : : : * ‘gvod Mog 5 : 2 . * $980 ° ° : . * Qvosl : * *PROUL WLLOO ATR YY 358 HATCH EXPERIMENT STATION. [Jan. 1906. Literature. — The following publications have been con- sulted in compiling the foregoing tables of digestibility : — Colorado Experiment Station, Bulletins 8, 93. . Connecticut (Storrs) Experiment Station, reports for 1894— 96, 1898. Illinois Experiment Station, Bulletins 43, 58. Kansas Experiment Station, Bulletin 103. Louisiana Experiment Station, Bulletin 77, second series. Maine Experiment Station, reports for 1886-91, 1893, 1894, 1897, 1898, 1900; Bulletin 110. Maryland Experiment Station, Bulletins 20, 41, 43, 51, 77, 86.: Massachusetts, Hatch Experiment Station, reports for 1895- 99, 1901-05; Bulletin 50 and unpublished data. Massachusetts, State Experiment Station, reports for 1893, 1894. Minnesota Experiment Station, reports for 1894-96; Bulletins 26, 36, 42, 47, 80. Mississippi Experiment Station, report for 1895. New York Experiment Station, reports for 1884, 1888, 1889; Bulletin 141. North Carolina Experiment Station, Bulletins 80c, 81, 87d, 97, 118, 143,160, 172: Oklahoma Experiment Station, Bulletins 37, 46. Oregon Experiment Station, Bulletins 6, 47, 85. Pennsylvania Experiment Station, reports for 1887-94, 1897, 1898, 1900-01, 1903-04. Tennessee Experiment Station, unpublished data. Texas Experiment Station, Bulletins 13, 15, 19. Utah Experiment Station, Bulletins 16, 54, 58. United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Industry, Bulletin 56. Wisconsin Experiment Station, report for 1889; Bulletin 3. Wyoming Experiment Station, unpublished data. “atikes i ¥ *, 4 ate E ei et Yd ‘sb ai a8 ok AES PII TS BI IYLESS YAY OKC ee Us SJ AA = PS [P WGA, VYMQWV/ VAN PYM QYILVINY Oe, TS SEA V7 P va = a te NGI NAN ot Py \ Sh // : At | SS / Si a, i aN iy fj Ne : "p Af SS MS / = SH f ; S S °° = = = = Hf 4 \ f N Ht —S — S \ x JAA S — Pi fit ve if a ax ah a A) gy Ty Z / i, AL = Ww Ni V2, Ww ey ia iif A 4/ ff = NS EA, \ =o FT NE 3 0112 111895451