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Twenty-Fourta ANNUAL REporr

He {Jo Stat Hagen of ‘atura Dpistory,

THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY

OF THE

Shh Omen i Oe

[ Ex-Orricio TRUSTEES oF THE MusEuM.]

REaNSMIPTTED TO THE LEGISLATURE APRIL PS, 6 her te.

ALBAN:
THE ARGUS COMPANY, PRINTERS.
1872.

STATH OF: NEW. YORK:

No. 68.

Ne SA HS,

April 18, 1871.

TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT

ON THE

PlATHE MUSEUM OF .NATURAL HISTORY, BY. THE
REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF
NEW YORK. |

UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK:

OFFICE OF THE REGENTS,
ALBANY, April PS STL.

To the Hon. Aten C. Bracu,
President of the Senate:

Sme.—I have the honor to transmit the Twenty-fourth Annual
Report of the Regents of the University, on the State Museum of
Natural History.

I remain, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
, JOBN Ve EL: PRUYN,
Chancellor of the University.

RHGHNTS OF THE UNIV ERS

[Ha-oficio Trustees of the State Museum of Natural History.]

JOHN V. L. PRUYN, LL.D., Caancerror.
ERASTUS CORNING, Vicn-CHancetior.

EX-OFFICIIS.

JOHN T. HOFFMAN, LL.D., Governor.

ALLEN C. BEACH, LimurEnant-GovERNoR.
HOMER A. NELSON, SecrEerARyY oF STATE.
ABRAM B. WEAVER, Supt. or Pusiic INSTRUCTION.

PROSPER M. WETMORE. GEORGE R. PERKINS, LL.D.
ROBERT G. RANKIN. ALEXANDER 8. JOHNSON, LL.D.
ERASTUS C. BENEDICT, LL.D. GEORGE W. CURTIS, LL.D.
GEORGE W. CLINTON, LL.D. WILLIAM H. GOODWIN, D. D., LL.D:
LORENZO BURROWS. JOHN A. GRISWOLD.

ROBERT 8. HALE, LL.D. FRANCIS KERNAN.

ELIAS W. LEAVENWORTH. OSWALD OTTENDORFER.

J. CARSON BREVOORT. | JOHN L. LEWIS.

HORATIO G. WARNER, LL.D.

SAMUEL B. WOOLWORTH, LL.D., SzEcrETARY.
DANIEL J. PRATT, Assistant SECRETARY. .

STANDING ‘COMMITTEE OF THE REGENTS, SPECIALLY CHARGED
WITH TH CARE OF THE STATE MUSEUM.

PS ile
THE GOVERNOR. MR. HALE.
MR. CORNING. MR. BREVOORT.
MR. CLINTON. MR. JOHNSON.

THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.

DIRECTOR OF THE STATE MUSEUM:
JAMES HALL, LL.D.

ASSISTANTS :

R. P. WHITFIELD, in Grotocy AND PALZONTOLOGY.
J. A. LINTNER, tn Zoouoey.
CHARLES H. PECK, tn Botany.

REPORT OF THE REGENTS.

To the Honorable the Legislature of the State of New York:

The Regents of the University, as trustees of the State Museum
of Natural History, respectfully report :

The law “in relation to the State Cabinet of Natural History,”
passed at the last session of the Legislature, establishes “the Cabinet
asa Museum of Scientific and Practical Geology and general Natural
History,” placing it on a permanent basis, and providing for its care
and enlargement. The trustees confidently look to its more sys-
tematic and vigorous operation under the provisions of this law.

The report of the Director exhibits the work of the past year.
Valuable additions by collections, exchange and purchase have been
made, lists of which are appended.

In the department of Botany, Mr. Peck. has labored with eminent
success. He has made large additions to the Herbarium, and
his investigations of the Fungi are a valuable contribution to our
knowledge of that class of plants.

Mr. Lintner has continued his investigations in Entomology with
gratifying results.

The usual statement of receipts and expenditures is herewith
communicated.

_ All of which is respectfully submitted, on behalf of the Regents.

JOBN Vo LckRUYN,
Chancellor of the University.

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ACCOUNT CURRENT, 1869-70,

Wits APpprRoPpRIATIONS FOR THE STATE Capinet oF Natura History.

Dr.
To compensation of Botanist (in part, the balance being
gece by the Comptroller) 72 i... ccc. os 2% - $619 91
To special increase and preservation of the
Peatmeicdl GOleehON va: c ws 5 5 seh6 woah Soe 8 1,000 00
To additions and preservation of the collection, 500 00
——— $2,119 91
Cr.
By deficiency brought forward from 1868-9.. $769 91
PEE ROMESSAOE TS CG0.g Se ae Se mike ks ba wad em 5 34 20
By increase and preservation of the solleatian 327 71
Bip MEINERS oa tal Duar Gata cia eh ae Whemscerer wae edon He 19 00
Eculary ob: Taxidermist.. 5.52 sis. <s. oes. 100 00
Mths ONS os 5 a cig Sica Ghd Sane we ween Oe 1 85
By traveling expenses of the Botanist........ 59 76
By balance carried to new account .......... 807 48
| ————— $2,119 91

I have examined the foregoing account current, with the vouchers

‘in support thereof, and have found the same correct.

ERASTUS CORNING.

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REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM,

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Be tees tt

OO Ne TEN EIS

‘ PAGE
ean aT TEs PRPC ONE pe orci Go = see Gis, Se Si wa om ee a Paks eaheiin Siow wee meee e de 5
Additions to the State Museum during the year 1870:

Meeothe AOolOrical Department 2.06.5. 0ec sews seed ee wericeacecseae patch 17
Pee e poe OUanICal POparinsenbe oy) Secu. saws Ses Cea hace eee eee ae Secateurs 19
= Lo the Geolorical and Mineralogical Department... 2... .6.2550...02 cee 21
4. To the Department of Archeology and Ethnology........ baste Ap eee 28
MRE EY oN tng Soraya takes Sle wie Sie Gee alae whe dete aa ee ame ee ee 30
Pes or Mounted Fishes! in the State Musewm ii) ele. 2k bad eee 33
List of Fishes received from the Smithsonian Institute in 1865....... ........ 39
Paes obec: Grainne a cece oe Ri. et ease ek eR I SW 41
Entomological Contributions—No. 2: By J. A. LINTNER.................2..5. 109
Ascent of Mt. Seward and its Barometrical Measurement: By VERPLANCK

PEO ws Fu Las mien ase SEEN UY Fine RW! ST OE ae noe aie Ue aes Pog ey: sal
Description of New Species of Fossils from the vicinity of Louisville, Ky., and

the Falls of the Ohio: By JAMEs Hatt and R. P. WHITFIELD.............. 181
Remarks on some Peculiar Impressions in Sandstone of the Chemung Group,

New York: By Jamas HALL and R. Po WHITPIBLD. . 2.6 26056 0c ice nee nents 201

Description of New Species of Crinoidea and other Fossils from Strata of the
age of the Hudson-river Group and Trenton limestone: By JAMES HALL.... 205

Description of New Species of Fossils from the Hudson-river Group, in the
Miiminy Or Cincinnati, Ohio: By James MAE.) 20.02. oe ee eels 225

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REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR.

To the Honorable the Board of Regents of the University of the
State of New York:

GENTLEMEN:

I have the honor to present to you the following report, regarding
the condition of the State Museum, with a brief statement of the
additions made to the collections, and work done in the several
departments during the past year:

The collections in the various departments constituting the State
Museum of Natural History, are in good condition, and so far as
space and cases will permit, are satisfactorily arranged, and, to a
very large extent, properly labeled. A list of additions to each one
of the departments will be found appended to this report.

Donations To THE MusrEum.

The increase of the Zodlogical Department, by donation, has not
been very extensive, although some important acquisitions have been
made. The number of contributors, as shown by the list of dona-
tions, has been nine. Through the Smithsonian Institution, the col-
lection of birds’ eggs has been increased, and we are. indebted to
several citizens of the State for other objects in this department, and
our acknowledgments are due to Col. Richard J. Dodge, U. S. A., for
a specimen of the Black-tailed Deer, two specimens of the Prairie
Wolf, and two of the Prairie Dog. The principal accession, how-
ever, has been made through the legislative appropriation for the
“Special increase of the Zoédlogical Collections,” in the purchase of
a series of skeletons, prepared under the direction of Prof. H. A.
Ward, of Rochester. A list of these will be found appended to the
report.

In the Botanical Department, the record shows no less than
twenty-three individuals contributing to the collections, and among

6 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

{

species thus added are many rare and interesting forms, some of
which are new to the State, and, among the lichens and fungi, seve-
ral species new to science.

The special report of Mr. Peck, in this department, will indicate
the large additions made on his part, and supersede the necessity of
further detail in this place.

In the Geological and Mineralogical Departments, we have the
names of twenty-five contributors, and among the collections thus
acquired are some of wnuch interest and importance. Large accessions
have likewise been made by the collections of the Director and
Assistants.

To the Department of Archeology and Ethnology there are four

contributors, and the purchase of the Simms collection, by the Legis-
lature, has added largely to these collections.

To the Library, donations have been received from nine indi-
viduals and societies, and this fact deserves remark, since at least one

thousand copies of the annual report of the Museum are distributed :

to individuals, libraries, scientific societies and institutions of learning.

Some additions have been made to the departments of Palzonto-
logy and Conchology, by exchanges, as will be seen by the schedules
attached. we

The general collections of the Museum have been greatly increased
during the past year, as will appear from the following brief
summary. : 3

PurcHASE OF THE Simms COLLECTION.

_ The Legislature of the State, by an appropriation of $5,000,* autho-

rized the purchase of the collection of Mr. Jephtha R. Simms, of Fort
Plain, N. Y., consisting of objects of natural history, historical relics,
coins, tokens, ete.

Of this collection the Ethnological department will receive addi-
tions indicated, in the catalogue submitted by Mr. Simms, under 236
numbers: the department of Paleontology, 204 numbers, and the
Mineralogical department, 410 numbers.

The gold and silver coins of the collection were not received at the
State Museum, but were taken to the office of the Secretary of State
for examination. A box (No. 11) said to contain the copper coins,
tokens, colonial and continental currency, private or corporation

* Chapter 492 of the Laws of 1870.

~

REPORY? OF THE DIRECTOR. t

currency, postal currency, confederate currency, ete., received at the
Museum, was subsequently sent to the same office unopened.

The contents of the boxes received at the Museum were, with the
aid of Mr. M. M. Jones, of the office of the Secretary of State, com-
pared with the catalogue, and having been found to correspond, a
certificate to that effect was drawn by the Director and submitted to
the Secretary of State.

The specimens have all been ticketed, indicating the “Simms col-
lection,” but only a small portion of them have yet been arranged in
the cases, and of these a list has been made. The catalogue of the
collections remaining at the Museum, when it shall have been revised,
will be submitted with a future report.

ACQUISITION OF THE JEWETT AND Emmons CoLLECTIONS.

I have great pleasure in expressing our obligations to Hon. Erastus
Corning, whose unremitting interest in the progress of the Museum
has been again manifested by securing for the institution the large
collection of Fossils and Minerals of Col. E. Jewett of Utica.

The fossils are of great value, being almost entirely from the State
of New York, and largely from the Niagara group. Having been
obtained at Lockport during the enlargement of the Erie canal, the
locality is now inaccessible, and no other field within our State has
ever afforded collections of equal interest and importance.

In view of the plan proposed at the University Convocation of last
year to distribute collections of fossils and minerals to the academies
of the State, I urged the purchase of this collection, as a means of
affording a large number of duplicate specimens from localities not
easily accessible or yielding as freely as formerly.

At a later period we were again indebted to the kindness of Mr.
Corning in securing for the Museum a beautiful collection of Crystals,
mainly of New York Minerals, belonging to the late Dr. E. Emmons,
_and purchased of his family. This collection is partially arranged in
the Director’s room at the Museum; the one first named, still. remain-
ing packed in boxes.

CoLLEctions By THE DirEcTOR AND ASSISTANTS.
The collections made by the Director and Assistants have been very
extensive and form a valuable acquisition to the departments of
Geology and Palzontology.

8 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

The year opened very auspiciously, and during the month of Janu-
ary, 1870, we obtained from Gilboa, in Schoharie county, several of
the beautiful trunks of fossil tree-ferns which now occupy a conspicu-
ous position at the east end of the first floor of the Museum.

In a letter to the Secretary of the Board of Regents, on the 29th
of January, 1870, I gave some account of what had at that time been
accomplished (a copy of which letter for reference is appended). The
collections were continued from that date as long as the weather
permitted, and the work was resumed in May, Mr. Vandeloo making
very extensive collections from the same locality. From the
later collections we have parts of several other trunks or bases of
these fossil plants (Psaronius), and a large number of fragments of
these and other plants, some of which cover slabs of two or three
feet in length and breadth. Both in the first and in the later collec-
tions we obtained some large slabs of the under clay or plant-bed in
which the bases of the trunks rested. The greater part of the
smaller vegetation, however, was found imbedded in the strata
enveloping the upright trunks and lying above their bases.

The condition of the strata, which are gently dipping to the south-
east, leave no doubt that these trees had grown in the position and in
the places where they were found.

The material in which the bases were imbedded was originally a
soft mud, which in its present condition shows little evidence of
lamination ; and this probably formed the substratum of a low level
marsh or swamp bordering the ancient sea, or extending seaward from
the bolder shores, upon which grew the ancient forest of Psaronius.
It would appear that this marsh or forest bed had afterwards been
slowly submerged, and the influx of coarser sediment surrounded
and enveloped the still standing trunks, while the broken and drifted
foliage, together with the remains of other vegetation, had become
imbedded in the accumulating sand, silt and clay now constituting
the alternating coarser and finer beds of the formation.

The occurrence of these trunks in this undisturbed position, would
seem to demonstrate that the eastern shore of the Devonian sea, at
the close of the Hamilton epoch, was near the eastern limit of the
State of New York, and that the dry land gradually encroaching
from the east, here supported a vegetation as luxuriant as that of the
coal period. (See note, page 15.)

During the year, the Museum has acquired a large collection of
the iron ores of the Lake Superior iron region, in Marquette county,

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 9

Michigan, representing nearly every mine at present worked in the
county. |

This acquisition is due to the kindness and liberality of Hon.
Samuel J. Tilden, of New York, whom I met in Chicago, in July,
when he invited me to accompany him to the iron region, in which
he has large interests, and was therefore able to extend to me every
facility for exploring and making collections under the most favorable
circumstances. My expressions of obligation are likewise due to
Hon. William B. Ogden, and to Mr. Ely, the president of the Mar-
quette and Ontonagon railroad; the latter giving free transportation
to myself and collections while in the country. My thanks are
personally due to Mr. Wetmore, the agent of the New York Mine;
to Mr. Isham, superintendent of the Pioneer Furnace; to Mr.
Mathews, superintendent of the Jackson Mine; to Mr. Breitung,
owner of the Washington Mine, and to many other gentlemen of the
iron region.

Major T. B. Brooks, of the geological survey of Michigan, aided
me very materially in visiting localities and in securing collections
representative of the ores and the rock formations, as well asin freely
communicating the results of his observations upon the geological
formations. Z

The collection altogether is very extensive, embracing a pretty
complete lithological collection in duplicate of all the rocks of the
Huronian system as developed in the Marquette iron region, and a
large series of the iron ores of the different mines, with some of the
characteristic rocks associated with them. Many specimens from
the New York Mine are finely crystallized and present a beautiful
contrast with the usually compact form of the ore. The collection
of ores is sufficiently abundant to afford specimens for distribution
among such educational institutions as the Regents may please to
direct. |

There are minor acquisitions to the Museum which I need not
enumerate in this place, but which will appear in the schedules
accompanying the report.

FieLp INVESTIGATIONS.

In my report of last year I communicated some observations on
the relations of the Oneonta Sandstone to the Hamilton and Che-
mung groups of New York, and I have given farther attention to
this subject during the last summer and fall.

10 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Dr. J. W. Hall and Mr. G. B. Simpson have been temporarily
employed as field assistants in tracing the outcrop of this formation,
and collecting fossils from it and from the rocks above and below. The
result has very clearly demonstrated what I had before suggested,
that the rocks in many localities of the south-eastern counties of New
York hitherto referred to the Chemung group, with specimens there-
from incorporated in the collections of the museum, do.really belong to
the Hamilton group, and contain the characteristic fossils of the latter.
The difficulties attending the determination of the limits of the
formation referred to the Catskill group are still far from being
resolved. The suggestion made by some geologists, that the forma-
tion probably does not exist within the limits of the State, has,
however, been abundantly disproved.

The results of the investigations have given us the limits of the
formations, as traced in Otsego, Chenango and.the western part of
Delaware counties, together with large collections from the Hamilton
and Chemung groups, as well as from the Oneonta Sandstone. Of
the latter, we had not before a satisfactory collection of authentic
specimens in the State Museum. ,

The investigations have likewise been continued in the south-
western counties of the State, and adjacent parts of Pennsylvania,
with reference to the relations of some of the conglomerates to the
Chemung group, and the overlying Red Sandstone.

In the original collections of the geological survey, some of the
conglomerates of the southern counties, containing certain fossils,
were referred to and arranged with the Chemung group, while those
from other localities but without fossils, were referred to carboni-
ferous age. ‘This latter reference arose from finding some ferruginous
beds, supposed to be the outliers of the Red Sandstone of Tioga,
near the summits of some of the hills, and below the conglomerates.
These have since been proved by their contained fossils to belong to
the Chemung group, and it has not yet been demonstrated, that the
Red Sandstone of the adjacent part of Pennsylvania, does occur
within the limits of the south-western counties of New York.

To a very great extent, the conglomerates have been ascertained
to belong to the Chemung group, and to contain numerous character-
istic fossils of the formation, while in some localities, at least two
hundred feet of shales and shaly sandstones, charged with Chemung
fossils, lie above the conglomerate. So many localities have now been
examined, that we may conclude that all the conglomerates of the

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. lL

southern counties are of the age of the Chemung,* but, from the great
difference in character of the fossils in different localities, it may not
be regarded as proven that these beds are all of the same horizon.
Thus far, we have failed to trace the extension of these conglomerate
beds to the eastward of Alleghany county.t From some of these
localities, I have made large collections during the past year, and
Mr. Vandeloo, under my direction, has made still more extensive
collections from the same, and from other localities in the southern
counties of the State.

These investigations, in the entire southern part of the State, show
the great need of a revision of the Geological Map of the State:
indeed, it has long been known that the limits of formations, as laid
down on that map, are, in many instances, quite erroneous, and I am
sure we could render no more acceptable service to the science, or do
anything better adapted to meet the wants of our intelligent teachers
and students, than the preparation of a new and more accurate geo-
logical map of the State. The work already accomplished is but a
beginning, and I would very earnestly recommend that authority be
given me to continue these investigations as far as practicable with
the means at our command, with a view to the completion of such a
map as I have suggested, and one which, when published in a proper
form, might find its way into every school, academy and college
within the State, and become the source of valuable, practical
knowledge.

GENERAL Work oF THE MusEvumM.

Heretofore the collections in each of the departments have been
indicated only by the label of generic and specific names among
the natural history objects, and by the simple names among rocks
and minerals. In order to give more general information, and at the
same time a view of the classification of the objects in the museum,
another series of labels has been added. These are large paper
labels, covered with glass to prevent the rapid soiling of exposed
paper surfaces. The geological wall-labels have been arranged over
the wall cases of the first floor, indicating the geological systems and

* The relations of some of the outlying conglomerates south of Olean in New York, and the adja-
cent parts of Pennsylvania in McKean county, to the Chemung group and Coal measures, have not
yet been satisfactorily determined.

+Some thin interrupted layers of conglomerate are known in the more eastern counties, but it
cannot be demonstrated that these beds hold the same relative position as those of Alleghany, Catta-
raugus and Chautauqua counties.

12 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

subordinate formations. On the second floor, similar labels have been
placed over the cases, designating the New York Minerals and the
classes to which they pertain, and over the mammalian fossil remains,
indicating their respective faunee and continental distribution.

On the third floor the recent faune are designated in like manner,
with sub-kingdom and class — the “ New York rauna” occupying a
separate part of the hall, and thus indicated, giving students a ready
means of reference to that part of the collection.

These general labels will greatly facilitate the student in his study
of the collections, and, to the amateur or general visitor, they afford
the means of locating and referring the objects in the different cases,
by the single, conspicuous label at the head.

The lithological series of the New York rocks from the Laurentian
to the Catskill Sandstone inclusive, occupying the table cases, has
been labeled by Mr. Lintner, under the supervision of the Director.
The label indicates the character of the rock, the contained fossils,
if any; the locality, and the formation to which it belongs. Those
specimens which formed a part of the original collections of the
Geological Survey, and are enumerated in the catalogue of the State
Cabinet published in 1853, are specially indicated by the label.

There have been added to this series from the collections during
the past year, sixty specimens from the Huronian system, thirty
specimens from the Catskill Sandstone, and also specimens of the
New Red Sandstone from the Rocky mountains.

In order to complete a representation of the series between the
Catskill Sandstone and the Coal measures, collections have been
arranged in the cases, representing the most characteristic fossils and
specimens of.rock formations of the Waverly Sandstone, Burlington
Limestone, Keokuk Limestone, and Chester Limestone. Since the
Museum did not possess collections sufficient for this purpose, the
deficiency has been supplied by selections from the private cabinet

of the Director, which have been temporarily deposited in the cases,
~ and indicated by a proper label. A list of these will be found under
the additions to the geological department “by deposit.”

In the lithological series, both in the table and wall cases, the entire
collection of Huronian rocks has been added during the year. The
investigations in the south-eastern part of the State has shown the
necessity of an entire revision of this series, so far as relates to the
Hamilton and Chemung groups. This has already been done for
the table cases, and has been commenced for the wall cases, and all

~

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 18

specimens of doubtful or questionable authenticity, will be rejected
and replaced by others from authentic localities.

The Cretaceous and Tertiary collections from the Rocky moun-
tains, Wyoming and Nebraska, from New Jersey, Georgia, Alabama,
Texas and Mississippi, which had hitherto occupied drawers, have
been arranged in some old table cases, temporarily placed for that
purpose upon the second floor of the museum.

The collection of type specimens of Tertiary fossils from the valley
of the Amazon, purchased of Prof. James Orton, has been placed in
one of these cases, with the proper label attached. A list of the
specimens will be found appended.

On the third floor, the collection of mounted fishes and of skulls,
has been properly labeled, and a classified catalogue of the former,
in accordance with the system of Prof. Gill, prepared by Mr. Lintner,
in which reference is made to the descriptions and figures of the
species in the Zodlogy of New York. A catalogue of the fishes will
be given in this report.

In the Paleontological series, Mr. Whitfield has arranged and
labeled a collection of fossils from the Potsdam Sandstone of Kees-
ville, and a few from the falls of St. Croix. He has also placed in the
cases a labeled collection of Waldron fossils, of the Niagara group,
amounting to two hundred and seventy specimens, and has mounted
on new cards and properly labeled the greater part of the New York
Brachiopoda. A large portion of the series above the Niagara
group was rearranged, in order to give space for the Brachiopoda of
the Oriskany Sandstone and those of the Hamilton group, and a num-
ber of fossils which had been allowed to remain in these collections
from the old arrangement, on critical examination, it was found
necessary to exclude.

In the Chemung group, a collection of Brachiopoda of over three
hundred specimens from Rockford, Iowa, has been placed in the cases
and labels written for the species. The Ichthyic remains of this
group have also been arranged in small trays in the cases, preparatory
to their permanent disposition.

The work of arranging and labeling the Carboniferous collections
in the geological series and the Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils on
the second floor, has been done by Mr. Whitfield. He has likewise
been engaged in the general work on the collections of the Hamilton
and Chemung groups, preparatory to their transfer to the cases, and
in labeling and packing several small collections for the academies.

14 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Few additions have been made to that portion of the Economic
collection displayed in the hall, the space devoted to it being so
occupied as not to warrant the solicitation of additional contributions.
Through some changes recently introduced in the hall, some addi-
tional shelving has been provided for the specimens, permitting
of a partial rearrangement of the collection. The marbles have been
brought together and the limestones have been placed in the order of
their formations. Each block in the collection has been permanently
marked with a number in red, referring to the list in the Director’s
Report on Building Stones, published in 1868, and to a supplementary
list hereafter to be kept of subsequent additions. The numbers
at present extend to one hundred and sixteen; but as a few are indi-
cated by letters, the entire number is one hundred and twenty-three,
exclusive of several rough blocks which have not been enumerated.

A portion of the collection of the late Prof. Pickett, of Rochester,
has been unpacked, examined and ticketed as the “ pickETT COLL.”
Some of the fossil corals have been labeled and placed in their appro-
priate cases.

I have, in the preceding annual reports on the condition of the
Museum, called your attention to the necessity of additional cases for
the proper arrangement and display of collections which lie packed
in boxes or drawers. Some of these are donations from the Smith-
sonian Institution, others from individuals, and a large part derived
from the collections of the Director and Assistants, or by purchases
made by the authority of the Regents or of the Legislature. The
institution and the persons connected therewith are sufferers by the
continuation of this state of things, and it has become quite impossible
to show the evidences of work actually done in the several depart-
ments. On the present occasion, I propose to make a separate com-
munication in reference to the cases now actually required for the
arrangement and preservation of the collections. -

In conclusion, I would say that the collections in all the depart-
ments are in a good condition and systematically arranged, and I
would ask that the Regents, in a body or by a committee, should
visit the Museum and make a critical examination. In the state-
ment above made of work done, there are many things which cannot
be enumerated, and much time of the Director and Assistants is taken
up in replying to the questions of visitors or giving information to
persons interested in mines or minerals. I believe, however, that
with the means at our disposal, as much work has been accomplished

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 15

as could be expected, and that in this respect we may safely challenge
comparison with any other similar institution of our country.

I am, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,

JAMES HALL.
Appany, January 10, 1871.

Notr.—The Gilboa collections, noticed on page 8, having been submitted to Prof.
Dawson, of Montreal, for examination, he has determined the fossil trunks to be
of two species, which he has named Psaronius Hrianus and Psaronius teatilis.
Among the other plant remains he finds three species, which he designates, as
Rachiopteris gigantea, Rachiopteris palmata and Neggerathia Gilboensis.

(From the Albany Argus of January 30, 1870.)
Tue Scuonarte Fosstts.—Letrer or Dr. Hatt.
Axpany, January 29th, 1870.
Dr. 8S. B. Wootwortn, Secretary of the Board of Regents: |

Dear Sir—Some weeks since a letter from Mr. D. Mackey, of
Gilboa, informed me that, while blasting rocks in that place, the
workmen had discovered the base of a large tree of peculiar character
standing erect in the rocky strata, and that himself and other persons
in the town were desirous that the specimen should be secured for
the State Cabinet. By my direction, Mr. Lintner visited the place
and brought away some fragments of the trunk and two specimens
of stems or trunks of a different kind. At the same time he obtained
a promise that the ee of two trunks then obtained should be
reserved for the State Cabinet. Some notice of these specimens was
given at a meeting of the Albany Institute on the 18th instant.

I have, since that time, visited the locality and examined the
geological relations of these fossil trees’ I have brought down to the
Museum three of these trunks, one, the specimen first discovered and
reserved for the Cabinet, another larger one with a nearly complete
base, though much broken in the upper part, and another smaller

'

one in which the base is not preserved. In the first one the spread- |

ing base is not entire, though I think it may probably still remain in
the rock where the trunk originally stood, the place being now
covered with debris. This one is nearly a foot in diameter at a point
two feet above the base. The large specimen preserves the base
nearly entire for three-fourths of its circumference, and is three feet
in diameter. The trunk at the height of two feet is eighteen inches
in diameter. The smaller one is broken off above the base, preserv-
ing about two feet in length, and is somewhat flattened, the diameters
at top being respectively seven inches and eight inches. The exte-
rior surface of these trunks is irregularly rugose, but without any
regular or defined markings. The interior, to the depth of one or two
inches, is coarsely reticulate, with the meshes extremely elongate in
the longitudinal direction of the trunk. The three trunks, together
with other specimens collected, including boxes and packing material,

16 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

weighed 2,662 pounds; the larger trunk is probably not much less
than one thousand pounds in weight.

There is one other similar base and trunk preserved, and a fifth
small one was broken up among the rocks thrown out, as appears
from the impression left in the matrix, as well as from some frag-
ments which I was able to obtain from a portion of the base still
remaining in the rock.’ There are, therefore, five of these trunks
known to have been found in this locality. They were standing
_ vertically or slightly inclined in the stratum of rock, and three of
them, the largest and the two smaller ones, were nearly i in a line from
north-west to south-east, and within the distance of twelve feet ; the
large one in the center. Of the other two, one was found at the
distance of forty or fifty feet to the westward, and the other, some
thirty or forty feet further in the same direction.

These trunks were all found at the same horizon, with the bases
resting upon a soft shaly stratum, the beds dipping to the south-west.
The rocks are of the age of the Hamilton group, and several hundred
feet below the top of the formation.

Several years since, a part of a similar trunk—the base, as I am
informed—was found in the bed of the Schoharie, near Gilboa, and
was for some time in the possession of the Rev. Mr. Lockwood, of
Keyport, New Jersey ; it is now, I believe, in the collection of Dr.
J.S. Newberry.*

At the meeting of the Institute, I suggested that these trunks
might belong to the genus Sagenaria; but further examination leads
me to doubt this relation.

I regard these specimens as possessing a great interest in a scien-
tific point of view, and they are a very valuable acquisition to the
collections of the Museum. ‘We have been indebted to the good will
of Mr. Mackey, Dr. Layman, Mr. Baldwin and Mr. Stryker, in
securing them.

_ Besides these trunks, there are numerous other specimens of plant
remains in the rocks, and I have considered it my duty to send one
of my assistants to the locality to take advantage of the occasion for
securing everything which may be obtained during the progress of
the work.
I am, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,

JAMES HALL.

* [Since the writing of this letter, I have seen the original specimen here referred to, which is in
the Museum of Rutgers College, New Brunswick; it is larger than any other yet obtained. The
specimens which I have seen in Dr. Newberry’s collections are of other and smaller individuals. ]

ADDITIONS TO THE STATE MUSEUM DURING THE
YEAR 1870,

I. TO THE ZOOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT.

I, By Donation.
From the Smirnsonran Insrrrvrton.
Nine Birds’ eggs of six species, as follows:
Lagopus rupestris Leach. White Ptarmagin. (Two spec.)
Bernicla Hutchinsic Baird. White-cheeked Goose. (Two spec.)
Somateria v-nigra Gray. Eider Duck.
Somateria spectabilis Leach. Pacific Eider. (Two spec.)
Podiceps griseigana Gray. Red-throated Diver.
Podiceps occidentalis Lawr. Cooper’s Grebe.

From Jamus W. Lynn, Long Island.
Two perfect crusts of Polyphemus occidentalis (Horse-foot Crab),
from Northpoint, L. I.
From Cou. Ricnarp J. Donen, U.S. A.

Skin of Cervus macrotis Say (Black-tailed Deer) ; two skins of Canis
latrans (Prairie Wolf), and two of Cynomys Ludovicianus (Prairie
Dog). Fort Lyon, Colorado.

From Miss M. M. Sxerrirr, Albany.

A specimen of Vespertilio subulatus Say (Little Brown Bat.) —

From Verriancok Corvin, Albany.

A young specimen of Chlorosoma vernalis B. & G. (Green snake),
taken from the cellar of his residence.

| From Miss E. Barry, Albany.

_Layvee of Lagoa crispata Packard, collected at New Baltimore.
2

18 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

From J. Irwin Macxny, Albany. : 7
A specimen of Madrepora, collected at Darien, Georgia, to which
place it had probably been brought from the Gulf of Mexico.

From Hoy. B. B. Bienzti, Oswego, Tioga Co.

A Centipede of an unknown species, bearing two pairs of long legs
on each seginent: captured in Stanwix Hall, Albany, where it is
supposed to have been brought in baggage from the South, or some
foreign country. Two of the same species have been previously
taken in this city, under conditions rendering their importation

probable.

From Dante, Mervitin, South Columbia, Herkimer Co.

A small collection of Freshwater Shells (21 individuals), and a num-
ber of Succinea obliqua Say, as follows:

Unio radiatus Lam., two.

Unio complanatus Lea., four.
Alasmodon undulata Say, five.
Alasmodon emargimata, three.
Anodonta fluviatilis Lea., one.
Anodonta subcylindracea Lea., two.
Physa heterostropha Say, tour.

Il. By Exchange.
The following specimens of Shells were received from Wm. New-
, comb, M. D., of Ithaca, N. Y., in exchange for duplicates from the
Museum collections:

Parapholas Californica Conrad...... Monteray,, Cal. ae
Harvella elegans Sby. (rare).......... Old Panama 73.320 i
Levicardium Elenense Sby. (dredged) Panama...... oa 3
Cardium ob-ovale Brod. and Sby ..... Panama............. 3
Cardium graniferum Brod. (dredged). Panama ............ tee
Corbula Wuciformais BBY Ohare Panama)... .. eee 2
Corbula bicarinata Hinds............ Panama... sae noo eonee 3
Venus Cypria Sby. (dredged)........ Bay of Panna eee 3
Adrana Conradi Newcomb MS8....... Navy Bay’, ae eb tee
Purpura metones Duclos (very fine)... Panama............. il
Monoceros cingulifera Sby........... Paramanis oan 9

Littorina Newcombiana var. Soulet... Sandwich Islands..... 4

ADDITIONS T0 THE MUSEUM. 19

III, By Purchase.
Twenty-three mounted Skeletons and one Skull. Those marked
with an asterisk are understood to be of the collections made for the
Museuin by Mr. Kislingbury.

MamMatta.
* Ursus Americanus Harl. (Black Bear), young.
* Mustela Canadensis Linn. (Fisher), male and female.
* Castor fiber Linn. (Beaver), male and female.
* Mustela Americana Turton. (Pine Marten), male and female.
* Hystrix Hudsonius Richardson. .(N. A. Porcupine).
* Procyon lotor Harlan. (Raccoon), male and female.
Putorius pusillus Aud. and Bach. (Lesser Weasel), male.
Scvurus niger Say. (Black Squirrel), male.

AVES.
FHalietus leucocephalus Linn. (Bald Eagle), female.
Rallus Virginianus Linn. (Mud Hen). Irondequoit Bay.

Anas discors Linn. (Blue-winged Teal). Irondequoit Bay.
fulica Americana Gmelin (American Coot). Irondequoit Bay.

Piscss.

Catostomus aureolus Lesueur. (Mullet Sucker). Lake Ontario.
Pimelodus catus. (Common Catfish). Lake Ontario.

Corvina oscula (Kirtland). Lake Sheepshead. Lake Ontario.
Lucioperca Americana Cuv. et Val. (Yellow Pike Perch).

ReEpriLia.

Eimys picta Holb. (Painted Tortoise). Lrondequoit Bay.
Chelonura serpentinaSay. (Snapping Turtle), male. Monroe Co.
Bufo Americanus Le Conte. (Common American Toad).

Il. TO THE BOTANICAL DEPARTMENT.
I, By Donation.
From W. H. Lecezrr, New York.

Specimens of sixty species of Pheenogamous Plants, of which several
are new to the State.

From C. 8. Ossorn, Rochester.

» Specimens of thirty-two species of Plants, some of them very fine.

9() TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

From C. 8. Austin, Closter, N. J. -

Specimens of four species of Lichens, new to the State.

“From Miss Mary L. Wirson, Buffalo.

Specimens of twenty-two species of Lichens, several of which are
additions to the Flora of the State.

From Miss Saran P. Monx, Poughkeepsie.

A specimen of Polypodium vulgare var. Cambricum L.

From §. N. Cowtzs, Otisco, N. Y.
Specimens of Carex capillaris fan interesting addition to the
Flora of the State. |
From W. R. Grrarp, Poughkeepsie.

Specimens of eight species of Fungi, of which one is undescribed. —

.

From E. L. Hawxenson, Newark, N. Y.

Specimens of seven species of Flowering Plants.

From G. B. Bratyerp, Brooklyn.

Many specimens of Juncus maritimus Lam.

From E. C. Howr, M. D., New Baltimore.

Specimens of twelve species of Plants nearly all new to the State.

From R. Prescorr, Albany.

A specimen of Spheropsis anomala Pk., a new and interesting Fungus.

From F. B. Cornwerz, Valiejo, Cal.

A specimen of Lecanora ventosa Ach.

From J. 8S. Merriam, New York.

Specimens of three species of Flowering Plants, of which two are new
to the State.

From B. D. Gitzert, Utica.

Beautiful specimens of two Ferns from China.

From 8. T. OLNeEy, Providence, aa

Specimens of five species of rare Carices.

ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUM. 91

From H. Giritman, Detroit, Mich.

Specimens of three species of Lemnacez.

From M. S. Brss, Fountaindale, Il.

Specimens of five species of western Plants.

From Rey. H. A. Rinzy, Montrose, Pa.

Specimens of the very rare, white-flowered Verbascum Thapsus L.

From 8. B. Wootworru, LL.D., Albany.

Specimens of five species of Flowering Plants from Colorado.

From Hon. A. 8. Jonnson, Utica.

Specimens of Agaricus bombycinus Scheeft., and Lycoperdon eee:
Fornis Bose.

From Hon. G. W. Crryton, Buffalo.

Specimens of sixty species, mostly Fungi, and several new to science.

From C. Devon, M. D., Albany.

A piece of the wood of one of the mammoth trees of California
(Sequoia gigantea), which measured ‘one hundred feet in circum
ference, four hundred and fifty feet in height, and was two thou
sand years old.”

From G. W. Puxs, Herkimer, N. Y.

Bark, Cone and Leaves of Sequoza gigantea Decaisne, California.

II. By Collection.

By the Borantsr.

Three hundred and one species of Plants, of which a hundred |
and ninety-nine are new to the State, and eighty-seven are new to

science.

Il. TO THE GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL
DEPARTMENT.

I. By Donation.
From W. L. Batpwin, Gilboa, N. Y.

Two fine specimens of Fossil Plants of the Hamilton Group.

99 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MuSEUM.

From W. 8. Layman, M. D., Gilboa, N. Y.

Specimen of cemented Gravel and calcareous Spar, from a fissure in
the rocks of the Hamilton Group.

From F. E. Asprywatui, Loudonville, N. Y.
A piece of Talcose Slate, containing fine octohedral crystals of mag-
netic iron.
From Frank Proyn, Albany, N. Y.

Limestone from the Hudson River Group at Watervliet Mills, con-
taining Orthis pectenella Conrad, and other fossils.

From Bb. F. Smrru, Jr., Alabaster, Mich.

Four blocks of Gypsum, of about a cubic foot each, and several
smaller specimens, from different beds of the quarries at Alabaster,

Alabaster Bay, Lake Huron, Michigan.

From Joun P. Duan, Deposit, N. Y.

A specimen of Lepidodendron from Sanford, Broome Co., N. Y.

From Joun J. Smiru, Tribes Hill, N. Y.

Black River Limestone, containing Columnarza alveolata Goldf., from
Tribes Hill.

From O. W. Morris, New York.

Specimens of Pentremites godonz, picked up at Niagara Falls.

From Dantet Cuurcy, Geuverneur, N. Y.

Serpentines and Limestones, from Gouverneur, N. Y.

From Asrex F. Wiicox, Fayetteville, N. Y.
Two large blocks of Gypsum, one showing wearing from dripping
water; and a specimen of Hydraulic Limestone. Fayetteville.

From Grorcr W. Pine, Herkimer, N. Y.
Sulphuret of Silver, with accompanying piece of the metal extracted.
Washington Dist., Reese River, Cal.
Silver Ore, yielding $200 per ton; locality as above.
Oxidized Galena Silver Ore, yielding $300 per ton. Washington
Dist., Nevada.

ADDI1IONS T0 THE MUSEUM. Os

Galena Silver Ore, with accompanying specimen of extracted lead
and silver. Humboldt, Nevada.

Galena Silver Ore. Idaho.

Silver Ore yielding $350 per ton. Austin, Nevada.

Copper Silver Ore, $250 per ton ; two speciniens. Aurora, Nevada.

Silver Ore. Carter Dist., Nevada.

Gold-bearing Quartz. Grass Valley, Cal.

Smelted Silver Ore. Austin, Nevada.

Copper Silver Ore. Panagar Dist., Nevada.

Galena. Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Copper Ore. Copperopolis, Cal.

Bitumen. California.

Tufa, from extinet voleano, Middle Park, Cal.

Calcareous Tufa, from Boiling Spring, Humboldt Co., Nevada.

Agate. Fort Bridger, Rocky Mts.

Obsidian. Glass Mt., Esmaraldo Co., Nevada; two spec.

From Hon. Aurx. 8. Jounson, Utica, N. Y.

Specimens of Orthoceratites in Utica Slate.

Six specimens of Zriarthrus Beckii Green and six of Zrematis
jitosa Hall, in‘ Utica Slate.

Numerous specimens of Coal-plants and Rock specimens, from Morris
Run, Penn. ware

From Jacop Vroman, Schoharie, N. Y.
Waterlime, containing fine crystals of calcareous spar, from quar-
ries at Howe’s Cave.

From Dayron Batu, Albany, N. Y.

Cryolite, from Greenland ; procured by the Pennsylvania Salt Co., at
Natrona, West Penn.

From Joun M. Scrisyer, Middleburgh, J gs

A specimen of Grammysia magna Hall, from, the sandstones of the
upper Hamilton beds of his quarries.

From Caries Van Bentavuysen, Albany, N. Y.

Four Coal-plants (Sigillaria, Lepidodendron, etc.), from Scranton,
ia,

DA TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

From A. Hermancer, North Chatham, N. Y.

Massive Quartz with crystals attached, from the farm of P. Hapenean,

Red Hook, N. Y.

From J. Van Horns, Auriesville, Montgomery Oo., N. Y.

Indurated Bitumen, occurring in the Calciferous Sandstone, with
associated quartz cr aN

eet H. G. Sage.

Specimen of Medina Sandstone (fine grit), from the farm of D. E.
Fay, Fulton, Oswego Co., N. Y.

From Hon. 8. M. Weep, Hahebunat. Ni Yee

A mass of magnetic Iron Ore.

From Enocru Carter, Newburgh, N. Y.

A portion of a Plant-stem (Lepidodendron), twelve by two inches,
taken from a locality at Newburgh where coal is being quarried
for. Communicated by W. C. H. Sherman, of Newburgh.

From H. 8. Resp & Oo., Corning, N. Y.

A piece of Sandstone, slightly calcareous, with polished surface ;
from the Chemung Group at Corning.

From 8. E. Mayo, Albany.

Specimens of Dolomitic Limestone, from Lawrence, Kansas, now
being quarried for the State University building.

From H. & R. Jonzs, Prospect, N. Y.

A twelve-inch cube of Limestone (No. 95) of the Trenton Group,
showing various styles of dressing. (This block was received in
1869, but unaccompanied by the name of the donors.)

From Hon. Ezra Cornett, Ithaca, N. Y.

A slab of Sandstone (26 x36 inches) from the Chemung group at
Ithaca, with its surface covered with Spirifera Verneuild Murch.

wt

ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUM. 9!
II. By Exchange.
Fronr Bens. W. Saurru, Lexington, Ky.

Nineteen specimens of Fossils, principally from Fayette Co., Ky.,
labeled, as follows, by Mr. Smith :

Atrypa modesta Hall. Orthis lynx (Eichw.)

Favosites fibrosa? Cobb. Orthis testudinaria Dalinan.
Cheetetes ? Hall. _ . Lavistella stellata Hall.
Cheetetes lycoperdon? Hall. Leptena alternata Conr.
Cyclonema biliw? Conr. Modiolopsis modiolaris ? Conr.

Murchisonia bicincta Hall. Rhynchonella altilis Hall.
Murchisonia bellicincta Hall. Tentaculites fleauosa Hall.
Pleurotomaria rotuloides Hall. Also, Carbonate of Lime, from the
Ambonychia amygdalina Hall. Mammoth Cave, Ky., and
Ambonychia radiata Hall. Sulphate of Strontian, from Nash-
Orthis occidentalis Hall. ville, Tenn.

Orthis subjugata Hall.

III, By Collection.

By the Drrzcror.

An extensive suite of Rock specimens from Marquette Co., Mich.,
illustrative of the Huronran Sysrem, of which the following are
placed in the table-cases of the Geological Series :

Diorite, Suphuret of Iron,

‘Diorite with Slate, Chloritic Slate,

Quartzite, Feldspar with chloritic Slate,
Feldspathie Rock, Slaty Hornblende Rock,

Slaty Quartzite, Silicious Limestone,

Brown Slate, Chloritic Slate with veins of Spar,
Micaceous Iron Ore, Specular Iron Ore.

The following are deposited in the wall-cases of the same series :

Specular Iron Ore. N. Y. Mine, Neguanee, Mich.; eight spec.
Silver Lead Ore. Marquette.
Talcose Slate. Washington Mine, Marquette.
?
Sandstone. Below Marquette.
Slaty Quartzite. Light House Point.
Feldspathic Rock. Dead River, Mich.; three spec.
Silicious Limestone. Below Marquette.

96 ‘TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT oN THE STATE MusEumM.

Silicious Limestone, with veins of spar. Light House Point.
Chloritic Slate. Dead River. |

A block of Silicious Iron Ore striped with red jasper, weighing
about four hundred pounds: placed for the present in the out-door
collection. Marquette Co.

Compact and crystallized Iron Ore, representing the principal mines
of the Marquette iron region, with the associated Rocks: many dupli-
cate specimens of the same.

Specimens of all the varieties of Rock representing the geology of
the Lake Superior iron region ; also a large number of duplicates.

A collection of Rocks and Fossils from the Rocky mountains, refer-
red to in the preceding report, but which had not then been arranged
in the Museum. }

Specimens of fine Clays, showing glazed surface, with imprints of
rain-drops. Rocky mountains.

Titaniferous Iron Ore. Westport, Essex Co., N. Y.

Crystallized Magnetic Iron Ore, from the new bed at Moriah, N. Y.

Crystals of Magnetic Oxyd of ie from the same locality.

Smoky Quartz, from the old bed at Moriah, N. Y.

Quartz, Calcareous Spar and Iron, from a old bed at Moriah.

Smoky Quartz and Iron Ore, :: os

Quartz, coated with Calcareous Spar,

Three fossil trunks of Tree-ferns (Psaronius Hrianus Dawson).
Gilboa, Schoharie county, N. Y.

Slabs of the Plant-bed from beneath the Psaronius containing its
rootlets.

Specimens from the strata surrounding the trunks, with remains of
branches and other vegetation.

(14 eG

By the Assistants.

Several parts of trunks of Psaronius Hrianus Dawson.

Large masses of the Psaronius Plant-bed.

Two flattened pieces of Psaronius, taken from the beds surround-
ing the bases of the trunks, and supposed to be the upper portions
of the trunks, which had been broken, off and imbedded during the
progress of the deposition ; the larger specimen is three feet in i eth,
and measures ten and thirteen inches in circumference at its ends.
Gilboa, N. Y.

A large collection: of Lycopodites Vanuwxeme Dawson, from the

Appivions to THE Museum. 27

Portage group at Ithaca, N. Y.; some of the specimens with a
species of Rhynchonella attached to the stems.

One or more species of Dithyrocaris and many other fossils, from
the same beds at Ithaca.

Collections from the Chemung group at Ithaca.

Fossils of the Chemung Group in the neighborhood of Elmira and
Chemung Narrows, Chemung Co., and at Panama in Chautauqua
county.

Fossils of the Old Red Sandstone, near Blossburg, Pa. |

Fossils of the Canda-Galli Grit, from the Helderberg mountains.
Collected by Mr. Vandeioo.

Large collections of fossils from the Hamilton and Chemung groups,
in Otsego, Chenango, Broome and Cortland counties ; and of the
Red Sandstones, from Otsego, Chenango and Delaware counties.
Collected by Dr. J. W. Hall and George B. Simpson, Field Assistants.

Glacial Scratches, from extensive beds of polished Tentaculite
Limestone, uncovered in quarrying for the new Hudson River bridge
at Albany. Schoharie, N. Y. Collected by Mr. Lintner.

IV. By Purchase.

Type specimens of Tertiary Shells from the valley of the Amazon,
discovered and collected by Prof. James Orton, and described by
F. A. Conrad; of the following species:

Dyris gracilis Conrad, two, Pachydon obliquus Conr., seven,

Liris laqueata, Conr., four, Pachydon tenuis Conr., one,

Isa lintea Conr., two, Pachydon ovatus Conr., one,
Iseea Ortone Gabb, four, Pachydon cuneatus Conr., four,
Lsea Ortoni (young), ten, Pachydon cuneatus (young), one,
Ebora crassilabra Cony., two, Anisatyra carinatum Conr., five,
Hbora bella, Conr., one, Hemisinus sulcatus Conr., one,

Pachydon erectus Conr., one, Nerztina Ortoni Conr., fifteen.
Two parts of valves allied to Mulleria.
A piece of the indurated, fossiliferous Clay from the shell deposit.

Fossils and rock specimens of the “Simms Collection,” enume-
rated under one hundred and eighty-two numbers of the printed
catalogue, and additional manuscript numbers extending to two
hundred and four.

Minerals, enumerated in three hundred and seventy-nine numbers
of the printed catalogue, and in additional manuscript numbers to

QR TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

four hundred and ten. Among them are some beautiful stalactitic
and stalagmitic formations from Ball’s Cave in Schoharie county.

V. By Deposit.
By the Director.

Seventy-five specimens, representing the Waverley sandstone series
of Ohio, the supposed equivalents of the same at Burlington, Iowa,
and the Burlington beds of the Lower Carboniferous Limestone of
. Burlington, fowa. (The specimens are marked with carmine tickets
bearing the name “Hall,” and are numbered from 1 to 75 inclusive;
as follows) :

From 1 to 11, Specimens from the Waverley Sandstone Series of

Ohio.
12 to 23, Specimens from Burlington, lowa — sandstones, ete.
24 to 42, Actinocrinus, of Burlington Limestone.

43 to 48, Pentremite, etc., ce i
49 to 56, Other forms from ‘“ ek
57 to 72, Other fossils from ‘“ -
73 to 75, Geological specimens, “ :

IV. TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAZOLOGY AND
ETHNOLOGY.

I. By Donation.
From F, E. Asprywati, Loudonville, Albany Co.

A collection of forty Indian Arrow-heads, and other Indian antiquities.

From J. H. Kasten, Fort Hunter, N. Y.
Relics collected at Fort Hunter, N. Y.

From Isaac Dr Forest, Fort Hunter, N. Y.

Bullets, buttons and other relics from Fort Hunter.

From James Srnctatr, Meredith, N. Y.

A Horn Spoon made in Scotland over a century ago.

II, By Purchase.
Articles from the “ Antiquarian Department” of the ‘Simms
Collection,” catalogued under two hundred and thirty-six printed

ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUM. 99

and manuscript numbers. Of these some have been transferred to
other departments, and others will probably be deposited in the State
Library and in the Hall of Military Records.

\
Ft: By Deposit. |
By the Arpany Insrrrure.
The “Pomrry Stone.”

This stone, which has enlisted much speculation, was found in the
town of Pompey, Onondaga county, in 1820 or 1821. In School-
eraft’s Notes on the Iroquois, a representation is given of ‘“ The
Antique Stone of Manlius,” with the following notice of it.

‘The stone is about fourteen inches by twelve, and eight inches in thickness. It
is a hard, oval-shaped boulder, of a gneissoid character, and bears the evidence of
attrition common to all the ‘erratic block group.’ By the figure of a serpent climb-
ing a tree, a well known passage in the Pentateuch is clearly referred to. By the
date, the sixth year of the reign of the Roman pontiff, Leo X, has been thought to
be denoted. This appears to be probable, less clearly from the inscriptive phrase,
Leo de Lon VI, than from the plain date 1520, being six years after this pontiff took
the papal chair.”

The engraving above referred to is as follows: On the center of
the stone, rather rudely represented, a tree with a serpent climbing
it ; to the left of the tree, the words Lro Dr, beneath which are the
figures VI 1520; to the right of the tree the word Lon, in range and
probably in continuation of Leo Dr,—and opposite to the figures,
two cross-lines forming a large X ; below the outer foot of the X is a
triangular figure with two lines nearly crossing it.

“The stone was found with the inscription downward, about one-third buried. It
was subsequently removed to Manlius village. * * * * * It remained in this
village nearly a year, and was finally deposited in the museum of the Albany
Institute.”

“Tt may be thought that the name De Leon is intended by the words De Lon.
The date, VI, would tally exactly with the sixth year after his landing in and dis-
covery of Florida in 1512; the Onondaga country being then as much a part of
Florida as any other part of the Atlantic and interior coasts. If, by the prefix of
Leo or Lion, a compliment to a brave and hardy explorer was designed to have
been expressed, it would have well corresponded with the chivalric character of the
age.” :

In order to afford to the public better facilities for the inspection
of this interesting relic, it was deemed proper by the members of the

Albany Institute to deposit it in the State Cabinet, the following
receipt being taken upon its delivery:

30 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

‘‘In accordance with a resolution of the Albany Institute, adopted at a regular
meeting held on the 18th day of January, 1870, the undersigned, in behalf of the
trustees and officers of the New York State Cabinet of Natural History, hereby
acknowledge the receipt, on deposit, of a boulder found many years since in the
county of Onondaga in this State, and bearing an ancient inscription, subject to a

further order of the Albany Institute.

(Signed) S. B. WOOLWORTH,
Secretary of the Regents of the University,
(ev-officio Trustees of the State Cabinet),

JAMES HALL,

Curator of the State Cabinet of Natural History.
ALBANY, Hed. 16, 1870.”

Vo °fO THE LIBRARY.
I. By Donation.

From Horace Capron, Commis. Depart. Agricul.

Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the pon 1868.
Washington, 1869.

From Taser Socrery.

Sitzungs-Berichte der naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellchaft Isis in Dres-
den. Nos. 4-12, 1869. Nos. 1-6,.1870.

From T. L. Hartson, Sec’y N. Y. 8. Agricul. Society.

Eleventh Annual Report of the Indiana State Board of Agriculture,
and the Report of Professor E. T. Cox, State Geologist.

From the Soctrre [wrEriALE, ETc.

Memoirs de la Société Impériale des Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg.
Tome xiv, Paris, 1869. Pamph., 8vo.

From the Trusrexs or raz New York Srars Liprary.
Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, Forty-ninth and Fifty-second Annual
Reports of the Trustees of the New York State Library. Albany,
1865, 1866, 1867 and 1870. Pamphlets, 8vo.

From the AurHor.
Alphabetical Catalogue of Type Specimens of Fossil Fishes, in the
collection of Sir Philips de Malpas Grey Egerton, Bart., M. P., at
Oulton Park. Pamph., 8vo., 1869.

ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUM. 31

From Pror. James Orton, Vassar College.
Descriptions of New Fossil Shells of the Upper Amazon. By T..A.
Conrad. (From the American Jour. of Conchology. Published in
advance. Oct. 10, 1870.)

From Derr Konertian Norske Universtrer 1 Curistianta.

Norges Fugle, og deres geographiske Udbredelse i Landet, af Robert
Collett. (Forhandlinger for 1868.) 8vo. pp. 80.

Om individuelle Variationer hos Rorhvalerne og de deraf betingede
Uligheder i den ydre og indre Bygning af G. O. Sars. (Forhand-
linger for 1868.) Pamph., 8vo. pp. 46.

Fortsatte Bemzrkninger over det dyriske Livs Udbredning i Havets
Dybder, af ‘M. Sars. (Forhandlinger for 1868.) Pamph., 8vo.
pp- 32.) |

Le Glacier de Boium en Juillet 1868, par S. A. Sexe. Christiania,
1869. Quarto, Pamph., pp. 40.

From Pror. James Haurt, LL.D.

Geological History of the North American Continent. A Lecture
delivered before the American Institute, in New York, by Prof.
James Hall, Albany, 1869. Pamph., 8vo. pp. 24.

II. By Subscription.

The American Naturalist. Salem, Mass., 1870. Vol. III, Nos. 11,
12. Vol. IV, Nos. 1-10.

The American Entomologist. St. Louis, 1870. Vol. II, Nos. 3-12.

The American Journal of Science and Art. New Haven, 1870.
Vol. XLVII, No. 140. Vols, XLIX and L.

United States Railroad and Mining Register. Philadelphia, 1869,
1870. Vol. XIV. Vol: XV, Nos. 1-238, 25~81.

III. By Purchase.
A System of Mineralogy. Descriptive Mineralogy, comprising the
most recent discoveries. By James Dwight Dana. New York,
He7 0. \S¥o. |

VI. MISCELLANEOUS.
From Rey. Wu. Stone Haywarp, Morley, St. Lawrence Co.

Specimens illustrating the action of lightning ou a tree and rocks
adjacent. (The following communication, cut from the N. Y.
Journal of Commerce, accompanied the contribution.)

ao TWEN1Y-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

To the Editor of the Journal of Commerce:

On the night of the 27th of July last, at 11 o'clock, a tree was
struck by lightning, in Sodus, Wayne county, of this State, and such
power as was displayed deserves notice. The tree was a white ash,
about forty feet high, and a foot in diameter. The top was rent into
three main parts, and these were thrown with the top inward, ferm-
ing a figure resembling the obtuse. angle of a triangle, the lines being
met at their common point by a third, equidistant from each. The
lower part of the tree was torn into many thousand slivers, the writer
having counted those of one-fifth part, amounting to 2,000. The top
was broken into fragments innumerable, the ground being strewn with
twigs varying from one to six inches in length. Upon reasonable
calculation, the tree was shattered into at least as many as 20,000
fragments. The trunk was split into seven main sections, clear to
the ground. At the roots the current divided into four parts, going
north, south, east and west, plowing up the ground each way; in
doing this, it seemed to follow the roots of the tree. The northern
current went the farthest, tearing up the turf for twenty feet. The
current to the west scemed to be the heaviest; at a few feet from the
tree it struck a granite stone, one foot in diameter, split off the top of
about two inches in thickness, tearing it into pieces varying from two
inches square down to a splinter; it then struck another stone (de-
eayed sandstone), to all appearance about ten inches through, and
broke that in pieces, one being thrown about twenty feet from the
tree; it next hurled a stone of fifteen pounds weight from its bed.
Splinters were thrown ten rods or more from the tree. The speci-
mens of this action may be found in the State Museum, at Albany.

Wo See

October, 18°70.

LIST. OF MOUNTED FISHES IN THE STATE MUSEUM.

Sus-ctass I. TELEOSTEI Motu.
Order — TELEOCEPHALI Gill.

Percidee Cuv.

Prrca aMERICANA Schk. The Yellow Perch. (No. 22 in collection.)
Morone flavescens Mitch. ; Perca serrato-granulata Cuv. et Val. ;
P. granulaia Cuv. et Val.; ; P. acuta Cuv. et Val. Zodl. New
York, Part IV, pp. 3-6, pl. 1, fig. 1; pl. 22, fig. 64; pl. 68, figs.
220, 999. New York waters.
Roccus tineatus (Bloch.) Gill. The Striped Sea Bass..... (No: 2.)
Labraz lineatus Cuv. et Val. Zodl. New York, Part IV, p. 7,
plr1, fig. 3. New York Bay.
Pomotis aurEus (Walb.) Gill. The Sun-fish.............. (No. 23.)
Pomotis vulgaris Rich. Zoél. New York, Part IV, p. 31, pl.
51, fig. 166. New York waters.

Scieenidee Cuv,

'Cynoscion reGais (Schn.) Gill. The Weak-fish........... Cian Ie)
Otalithus regalis Cuv. et Val. Zoél. New York, Part IV, p. 71,
pl. 8, fig. 24. New York Bay.
Scr#nops oceLuatus (Linn.) Gill. The Branded Drum.... (No. 20.)
Corvina ocellata Cuy. et Val. Zodl. New York, Part TV, p- 75,
pl. 21, fig. 61. New York Bay.

Ephippiidee Gill.

PAREPHIPPUS FABER (Ouv. et Val.) Gill. Banded Ephippus. .(No. 26.)
Liphippus faber Cuv. et Val. Zoél. New York, Part IV, p. 97,
. pl. 23, fig. 68. New York Bay.

Stromateide Gthr.

Prpritvs tonerpinnts (Mitch.) Gill. Long-finned Harvest-fish. (No. 27.)
Rhombus longipinnis Cuv. et Val. Zodl. New York, Part IV,
p. 186, pl. 75, fig. 239. New York Bay.

EFlacatidee Gill.

Exacares canapvus (Linn.) The Northern Crab-eater ..... (No. 19.)
Elacate Atlantica Ouv. et Val. Zoél. New York, Part IV, p.
1138, pl. 25, fig. 77. New York Bay.

3

34 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Carangidz Gill.

Vomer seripinnis Ayres. The Blunt-nosed Shiner....... (No. 28.)
Vomer Brown Cuv. et Val. Zodl. New York, Part LV, p. 127,
pl. 25, fig. 78. New York Bay.
Tracuynotus: Caroninus. (Linn) Gilly 3.) ..i. 0) ee eee (No. 30.)
Lichia Carolina (Linn.) Zoél. New York, Part IV, p. 114, pl.
10, fig. 80: Carolina. :

Eichenididee Eon.

LeprecHENEIs NAvUCRATES (Linn.) Gill. The Sea Sucker. Two spec.
(No. 10).
Licheneis naucrates Linn. Zobdl. New York, Part IV, p. 308.
New York Bay (Mitch.) |

Xiphiidee Bon.

XieHiAs GLApiws linn. ThesSwordsisli 210) ae eee (No. 33.)
Zoo\. New York, Part IV, p. 111, pl. 26,4 79. New York Bay,

Cottidee Rich.

Corrus ocropEcim-sprinosus Mitch. The Common Seulpin or Bull-
ead’ seus bois Ara eR UID Se ae (Nos. 14, 15.)
Cottus Virginianus Storer. Zodl. New York, Part LV, p. 51,

pl. 5, fig. 18. New York Bay. .

Scorpeenidee Sw.

Hemirriprervs AcAprANus (Penn.) Storer. The American Sea Raven.
(Nos. 16, 17). |
Hemitripterus Americanus Ouv. et Val. Zodl. New York, Part
IV, p. 56, pl. 6, fig. 16. New York Bay. |

Uranoscopidee Rich.
Asrrocopus ANopLos (Cuv. et Val.) Brevoort........ (Nos aa)

Tranoscopus anoplos Cuv. et Val. Zodl. New York, Part IV,
p..37, pl. 22, fig. 65. Coast of Carolina.

Batrachidee Rich.

Barracuus rau (Linn.) Ouv. et Val. The Common Toad-fish (No. 44.)
Gadus tau Linn. Batrachus celatus DeKay (young of taw).
Zo6l. New York, Part IV, p. 168, pl. 28, fig. 86. New York

Bay.

Blenniide Bon.

Awarruicas vomertnus Agass. The Sea Wolf............ (No. 5:)
Anarrhicas lupus Linn. Zod]. New York, Part IV, p. 158, pl.
16, fig. 43.

List oF Mounrep FISHES. aD

Labride Cuv.

TAvroGoLaBRus ADsPERSUS (Walb.) Gill. Common Burgall. (No. 24.)
Ctenolabrus ceruleus (Mitch.); C. uninotatus DeKay. Zodl.
New York, Part IV, pp. 172-174, pl. 29, figs. 93, 90. New

York Bay.

Soleidee Bon.

Acsirus tingatus (Linn.) Cuv. The New York Sole...... (No. 39.)
Achirus mollis Cuv. “Zobl. New York, Part IV, p. 303, pl. 49,
fig. 159. New York Bay.

Pleuronectidze Bon.
PsEUDOPLEURONECTES AMERICANA (Walb.) Blkr. The Flat-fish...(No.
99, )
Platessa plana Storer. Zool. New Work, Vari TV. po Zod. pt.
48, fig. 154. New York Bay.

Salmonide Cuv.

peewo rontinaris Mitch. The Brook Trout .........<-.- (No. 40.)
Zoél. New York, p. 235, pl. 38, fig. 120. Hamilton Co., N. Y.
pAnMO conrinis DeKay. The Lake Trout.....2.....20... (No. 41.)
Zobl. New York, Part IV, p. 238, pl. 38, fig. 123. Lake Ontario.
SatmMo saLtaR Linn. The Sea Sieur era wu we, (No. 42.)

Zoél. New York, Part IV, p. 241, pl. 38, fig. 122. Lake Ontario.

Order — Aproprs Kaup.

Anguillide Yarrell.

Aneuitia Bosroniensis (Lesuenr). The New York Eel. ..(No. 35.)
Anguilla tenutrostris DeKay. Zobl. New York, Part IV, p.
310, pl. 53, fig. 178. Chenango Canal.

Order — PLECTOGNATHI Cuv.

Balistidz Cuv.

CERATACANTHUS AURANTIACUS (Mitch.) Gill. Orange File-fish. (No. 11.)
Monocanthus aurantiacus (Mitch.) Zoél. New York, Part iM,
p- 333, pl. 57, fig. 186. -New York Bay.

Diodontide Rich.

_ Drovoy priosvs Mitch. The Hairy Balloon-fish........... (No. 8.)

-

Zobl. New York, p. 326, pl. 55, fig. 180. New York Bay.
Cumomycrervs Gromerercus Gill. Geometric Balloon-fish. (Wo. 6.)
Diodon maculato-striatus Mitch. Zoél. New York, Part IV,
p- 328, pl. 56, fig. 185. New York Bay.

36 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Tetradontide Bon.

GastTropHysus rureipus (Mitch.) Gill. The Common Puffer (No. 7.)
Tetraodon turgidus (Mitch.) Zodl. New York, Part IV, p. 327,
pl. 55, fig. 178. New York Bay.

Sus-ciass II. GANOIDEI Mctt.
Order — RuomBoGANoIDEI Gill.

Lepidosteide Bon.

Leriposreus Bison DeKay. The Buffalo Bony Pike....... (No. 43.)
Zo6l. New York, Part IV, p. 271, pl. 43, fig. 189. Lake Ontario.

Order — Cuonproster Mill.

Sturionidee Rich.

ACIPENSER BREVIROSTRIS Lesueur. Short-nosed Sturgeon. .(No. 31.)
Zobl. New York, Part IV, p. 345. Hudson River.

ACIPENSER OxYRHYyNCcHUS Mitch. Sharp-nosed Sturgeon . .(No. 34.)
Zoo]. New York, Part IV, p. ae pl. 58, fig. 189. Lake Ontario.

Sup-cLtass III. ELASMOBRANCHII Bon.
Order — Puagiostrom Cuv.

‘Galeorhinide Gill.

Piatypopon ogscurvus Gill. The Dusky Shark...... Nera
Carcharias obscurus (Lesueur). Zodl. New York, Part IV, p.
350, pl. 61, fig. 201. New York Bay. .
Mustunus canis DeKay® ~The Dog Wich ))0 72) eoeeeee (No. 37.)
Squalis canis Mitch. Zo]. New York, Part LV, p. 355, pl. 64,
fig. 209. New York Bay.

' Cestraciontidee Gill.

Renicers rpuro Gill. The Hammer-head Shark......... (No. 18.)
Lygoena tuburo Val.

Pristide Ag.

PRISTIS ANTIQUORUM Latham: “hte Sawtish 20) 5 (No. 32.)
Zo6l. New York, Part IV, p. 865. New York Bay. (Schcepff).

Raiidee Bon.
Rata AmuRioana Dekay. The derielkly day 0. oo (No. 46.) |
Zo6l. New York, Part IV, p. 368, pl. 66, fig. 215. New York Bay.
Raza oceriata Mitch. The Spotted Iai iss ath oe (No. 45.)

Zoé]. New York, Part IV, p. 369, pl. 65, fig. 212. - New York
Bay. . |

Lisv or Mounrep FISHES. 2 |

Trygonide Bon.
TryGon centrura (Mitch.) Gill. The Sting Ray......... (No. 12.)
Zobl. New York, Part IV, p. 374 (foot-note). Europe.
Myliobatidee Mull.

ReHINOPreERA QUADRILOBA (Lesueur). The Cow-nose Ray...(No. 13.)
Zoél. New York, Part IV, p. 375, pl. 66, fig. 217. New York
Bay.

Sugp-ctass [V. DERMOPTERI Owen.
Order — Hyprroartn Bon.

Petromyzontidee Bon.

Prrromyzon Americanus Lesu. American Sea Lamprey.. (No. 36.)
Zoél. New York, Part LV, p. 379, pl. 66, fig. 216. Hudson River,
near Albany.

LIST OF FISHES RECEIVED FROM THE SMITHSONIAN
INSTITUTION IN 1865.*

5498... Stizostedion Americanus Gill.......... Ohio.
fo20.. Centropristis farvus Gill. wi... 2.56 a0 Wood’s Hole, Mass.
5447.. Haploidonotus grunniens Gil........ St. Louis, Mo.
5489.. Lagodon rhomboides Holb........... Florida.
9494... | Lutjanus caxis Gill.... 2.2.0.0... .$ lorida.
5534.. Orthopristis fulvomaculatus Ga/...... South Carolina.
moai.. Sarda pelamys Cuv..............50.- Massachusetts.
Baeu.. eléne argentea Lac... ......2.+-.+4- Carribean Sea.
eee MAG vriosis VOMEr 206. jiu. 1... 2 ses Virginia.
ioe. trachynotus Carohnus Gale ..... 2... - New Jersey.
5500.. Trachynotns Carolinus Gall .......... New Jersey.
mao. (ranidea- viscosa Gell... 0.0.5... 0.+. Reading, Pa.
5490.. + Sebastes viviparus Avroyer .......... Maine.
meen SC hirestoma, noatum.G al. /. 4. os. ae Wood’s Hole, Mass.
Sebo. Lepomis aAuUrItUsS G2H oo. ee eS Carlisle, Pa.
r.. Lepomis appendix Gall ...........-45 Lake Erie.
meee | hepomus nitidus: Gals ooo. ea... 2 Obie.
5454.. Ambloplites rupestris Gell............ Ohio.
5546.. Hyperistins hexacanthus Gl......... Ohio. Ns
5041.. Tautogolabrus adspersus Gal......... Wood’s Hole, Mass.
5497... + Naudopsis tefracanthus Gdd......... Cuba.
mo02.. Esox reticalatus Les...........- .... Beesley’s Pt., N.J-
moo). Hsox Americanus Gm.......- 522625. Beesley’s Pt., N. J.
Me Psox estor Les... 4.0... ee whee eee Lake Erie.
877.. + Astyanax argentatus Band G ...... Texas.
5518.. Osmerus mordax Gill.........6...0.. Cape Cod, Mass.
mo0371.. Pomolobus mediocris Gell.........-... New Jersey.
1588.. Brevoortia menhaden Gill............ New Jersey.
5486.. Dorosoma cepedianum Gil/........... New Jersey.

* Acknowledgment of the donation was made in the Nineteenth Annual Report on the State
_ Cabinet. -

é + With the exception of the species thus marked, all in the list have been found in the waters of
_ the State of New York. ,

40

5437...
5549...
D491...
5462...
« 54638.
5485...
5417...
yeh) oo
5553. .
DLS Te
5542...
1582...
5524...
5d25.

TweNTY-rouRTH Report on THE State Museum.

Exoglossum maxillingua Hald........ Maryland.
Merlicins bilimeanis (Gall 35 sae Maine.
1 uinorn Dus malaxamas “Oigener nn 2 aie eee Mediterranean.
Lophopsetta maculata Gall ........... South Carolina.
. Achirus lineatus Owv........0... »..., OG, Carolamas
Anguilla BostomensistSs. (es 0 2a Piermont, N. Y.
+ Ostracion trigqueten Joye. nn, Bahamas.
pynenathos PeckiamusiSs (45. esa ae New Jersey.
Amia calwai li. occnes eee teked! Detronaeeie te
+ Seaphirhynchops platyrhynchus Gell.. St. Louis, Mo. -
1 ol yodonbtoligain, Jace es saeeiee aaa St. Louis, Mo.
Eiydrarcyra magalis; Val, eas eee Beesley’s Pt., N. J.
Fundulus pisculentus Val.,°.......... Beesley’s Pt., N. J.
s Huindulus:pisenlentus (Viale one wale Beesley’s Pt., N. J.

_+ With the exception of the species thus marked, allin the list have been found in the waters of
the State of New York.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST.

S. B. Wootworts, LL.D.,
: Secretary of the Board of Regents of the
Uniwersity of the State of New York:

Stzr.—The following report of work done during the year 1869,
toward perfecting the State Herbarium, is respectfully submitted :
- Since the date of my last report, specimens of four hundred
and twenty-two species of plants have been poisoned, mounted and
placed in the Herbarium, three hundred and fifty-four of which
were not before represented in it. Sixty-eight are varieties previously
unrepresented, or better specimens than had before been obtained.
A list of the names is given in a paper marked (1). |

Specimens have been collected in the counties of Albany, Rensse-
laer, Saratoga, Warren, Hamilton, Lewis, Oneida, Otsego, Schoharie,

Greene, Putnam and Orange, representing three hundred and one
species new to the Herbarium, two hundred and ninety-nine new to
the State and eighty-seven new fo science, two of them representing
two new genera. A list of these is given in a paper marked (2).

Specimens have been contributed, or obtained by exchange or in
naming, which were collected in the counties of Suffolk, Richmond,
New York, Westchester, Rockland, Ulster, Greene, Oneida, Onon-
daga and Erie. Of these, seventy-eight are new to the Herbarium
and not among my collections of the past season, seventy-six are
additions to the flora of the State and three are new species. If.
these be added to the collected species, the total becomes three hun-
dred and seventy-nine new to the Herbarium, three hundred and
seventy-five new to the State, and ninety new species.

42 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

A classified tabular statement is given below: -

as E Se
ge E n | &
5 5 Me
A A A A
Gevecnctiuer aay ee 2
Plants collected...... ichens) * oe" 11 Lwin | hae
Haney yee ie. 288 | 288 | 87 2
MRO DEAT Sued tee tant he eet cc. ho ade En ede 301 PS) os 0 2
(| Flowering plants) 15 13
sy gta bol IMO SSeS hii dher ci. 2 2
Plants contributed ... : ae 15 15
Lit ele clan Vase eer 46 46 | 3
JEGIEET A SE UN NERS INERE hs FIN aed) AL AU eee 78 Gorey >
Collected andvcontrib ted)... 4 aie ee BC me De | O'S Q

This statement does not include a large number of contributed
specimens of species already represented in the Herbarium, nor
unrepresented varieties of such species, neither extra limital ones. Of
the latter class there are about thirty species, the specimens being
from Rhode Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Colorado,
California, Mexico, Michigan, Alabama and China. It is a gratify-
ing fact, and one that indicates an increasing interest in botanical
studies and investigations, that in no previous year have botanical
contributions, communications and inquiries been received in so
great numbers, nor from so many persons. Thanks are due to the
botanists of this State and of others for their lberal contributions.
A list of them is given in a paper marked (8).

New species and their descriptions, previously unreported species,

remarkable varieties and observations, are given in a paper marked
(4).
- Appended to the list of collected plants, marked (2), is a list of
edible fungi, collected and contributed ; fourteen species in all,
making, with those previously reported, about sixty edible species in
the State. °

Agaricus abortivus las not before been published as edible, but
it is now thus classed, after a trial of its edible qualities without

Report or THe Borantst. 43

any disagreeable results. Writers differ in their estimate of the
qualities of Agaricus melleus and Lactarius piperatus. The
former is said by some to be disagreeable and nauseous and the
latter has even been classed with the poisonous species. Aware that
tastes differ in such matters, I simply express my own views, after
a fair trial of these species, in saying that the former; when well
cooked, is decidedly good, and the latter is not only harmless, but
scarcely inferior in edible qualities to the much lauded Lactarius
deliciosus. The unpleasant or acrid taste of these species when raw
is perhaps the’ occasion of hostility to them. Agaricus ostreatus,
Cantharellus cibarius and Lycoperdon giganteum atftord a very
palatable dish, but Z/elvella esculenta and Hydnum coralloides have
to me a somewhat strong fungoid flavor, but they produce no bad
effects, and perhaps by different preparation might furnish agreeable
food.

The species of the genera Clavaria and A‘cidium are not in all
eases sharply defined, and they therefore present some difficulties to
the student. With a view to aid students in their discrimination of
the species already found in the State, a synopsis of them is given in
a paper marked (5).

The plan of making colored drawings of the fleshy fungi has been
followed and in some instances extended so as to include microscopic
species. The number of species and varieties thus figured the past
season is one hundred and sixty-three. The figures will be placed on
the species sheet with the dried specimens, and though not especially
artistic, being often of necessity hastily made before the plant should
wither, they serve to show the essential characters of the plant, and
will be of great aid to those studying the specimens.

The condition of the specimens in the Herbariun is unimpaired.
The specimens of fleshy fungi, though especially liable to the attacks
of insects, have in no instance, so tar as I can see, been at all atfected,
a good indication of their having been well poisoned. The prepara-
tion used consists of the tollowing components :

Cioerosive sublumates. 2. . 1 Le s.2 ete el Bz 4 drachms,

RU PIECE EMER. apes eee ialle we nae 3 ounces,
Mix and add: :

SPH sOMmMINpentme. fs: i. lee 2 ounces,

Pe SONG) Enea Olney Riva, 2 oes are 1 ete abe 3 ounces.

The method employed in drying specimens of fleshy fungi differs
somewhat from that laid down in books. They are dried as soon as

44 Twenvy-rouRTH RePor?T on THE StTaTe Museum.

possible by exposing them to the full rays of the sun whenever that
is practicable. In cloudy weather they must be dried by a fire, care
being taken not to heat them so much as to burn them. After they
are thoroughly dried they are exposed to the moist atmosphere of a
clear summer’s night, or a damp day, until they are sufficiently soft
and flexible to be pressed into proper shape by the thumb and fingers,
after which they are placed in a paper press and dried like other
plants.

(1)

SPECIES OF WHICH SPECIMENS HAVE BEEN MOUNTED.

Hepatica aeutiloba DC. Polygonum maritimum JZ.
Ranunculus bulbosus Z. Rumex Britannica LZ.
Aquilegia vulgaris Z. R. verticillatus Z.
Liriodendron Tulipitera Z. . Callitriche verna Z. Fa
Dicentra cucullaria DC. Parietaria Pennsylvanica MuAl.
Viola cucullata v. palmata Gray. | Quercus obtusiloba Wiche.
Lechea minor Lam. Betula glandulosa MWichea.
Ascyrum Orux-Andres J. Salix humilis Marshall.
Impatiens pallida Vutt. S. sericea Marshall.

Vitis cordifolia ALicha. Taxus Canadensis Widld.
Lespedeza violacea Pers. Scheuchzeria palustris Z.
Lathyrus maritimus Ligel. Habenaria bracteata R. Br.
Prunus Americana Marshall. ’ Spiranthes cernua (chard.

R. maritima Wang. Cypripedium parvifloram Salisb
1 Ee Virginiana ZL. Trillium cernuum ZL.
Potentilla arguta Pursh. Scirpus pungens Vahl.
Crateegus coccinea ZL. Carex feenea Waild.

(Enothera fruticosa Z. C. alata Torr.

Thaspium aureum Vutd. — C. Buxbaumii Wahl.

Aralia nudicaulis Z. C. grisea Wahl.
Eupatorium purpureum ZL. C. pubescens JLuhl.
Helianthus strumosus L. Bromus racemosus Z.

Achillea Millefolium Z. | B. Kalmi Gray.

Nabalus nanus DC. iB: sterilis Z.

Lobelia Nuttallii 2. & S. Panicum capillare Z.

Ibe syphilitica ZL. Zgh virgatum ZL.

Vaccinium vacillans Sol. Woodsia glabella R. Br.
Andromeda polifolia ZL. Pella gracilis Hook.

Veronica peregrina L. Aspidium cristatum Swartz.
Echium vulgare Z. iA. acrostichoides Swartz.
Nicotiana rustica L. Osmunda Claytoniana Z.
Asclepias incarnata L. Botrychium lunarioides Swartz.
Chenopodium murale Z.

C. urbicum ZL. New To tHE: HERBARIUM.

C. album Z. Nymphea minor DC.

Atriplex patula Z. Reseda alba JZ.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. AS

Raphanus sativus Z.
Silene Armeria Z.
Lychnis vespertina Scbth.
Spergularia media Pres!.
Althzea rosea Cav.
al ficifolia Cav.
Malva Alcea Z.
Polygala lutea L.
Trifolium procumbens L.
Saxifraga aizoides ZL.
Sedum ternatum Miche.
Anethum Foeniculum JZ.
Coriandrum sativum JZ.
Galium Mollugo Z.
Valeriana officinalis Z.
Aster azurens Lindl.
Solidago Houghtonii 7. & G.
Nabalus Boottii DC.
Tragopogon porrifolius ZL.
Lactuca sativa
Matricaria Chamomilla Z.
M. Parthenium J.
Cirsium altissimum Spreng.
Silybinm Marianum Gaert.
Lampsana communis L.
Alyssum calycinum LZ.
Dianthus Armeria Z.
Campanula rapunculoides L.
Rhinanthus Crista-galli L.
Hyssopus officinalis Z.
Phlox paniculata Z.
Polemonium cceruleum Z.
Vinea minor JZ.
Vincetoxicum nigrum ZL.
Corispermum Hyssopifolium JZ.
‘Amarantus spinosus.
ae hypochondriacus L.
Polygonum inearnatum £72.
e. lapathifolium Azz.
Euphorbia Peplus Z.
E. Lathyris Z.
Juniperus Sabina v. procum-
‘bens Pursh.
Sparganium eurycarpum Lng.
Tofieldia glutinosa Wild.
Carex sterilis Walld.
Calamagrostis Pickeringii Gray.
Stipa Richardsonii Link.
Triticum vulgare Vdd.
Aspidium fragrans Swartz.

3ruchia flexuosa Schwegr.
Bryum Lescurianum Sudliv.
Dicranum pellucidum //edw.
Plagiothecium latebricola L. £.
Biatora Hypnophila Ach.
Buellia geographica L.
Coniocybe pallida #7.
Placodium cerinum /fedw.
Opegrapha varia Ach.
Calicium subtile Pers.

C. Curtisii 72ck.

Arthonia astroidea Ach.
Lecanora ventosa Ach.
Cetraria nivalis AcA.
Mycoporum pycnorum Tuck.
Lyngbya flacca Ag.
Desmarestia aculeata Lamour.
Callithamnion cruciatum Ag.
Gi virgultorum Harv.
Enteromorpha intestinalis Zé.
Nemalion multifidum /. Ag.
Rhodomela subfusea Ag.
Calothrix confervicola Ag.
Cladophora uncialis #7. Dan.
ene vernus 47.
Phalloides /7.
ceesareus Scop.
vaginatus Bull.
Cecilie B. & Br.
farinosus Schw.
clypeolarius Lull.
acutesquamosus Weenm.
naucinus /7.
granulosus Batsch.
vacecinus Pers.
variegatus Scop.
personatus ‘7.
alboflavidus P#.
nebularis Batsch.
infundibuliformis Scha.
carnosior Pk.

illudens Schw.
Adirondackensis P#.
Poeculum PA.

brumalis F7.

ditopus #7.
metachrous /7.
vulgaris Pers.

paluster P2.
collariatus F?.

Bete eer ers

46

Agaricus prelongus Dk.
valericulatus Scop.
purus Pers.
Corticola Schwm.

Familia P&.
dryophilus Bull.
stipitarius 7.
Campanella Batsch.
Fibula Budd.
umbelliferus Z.
cervinus Schaef.
nanus Pers.
leoninus Scheff.
rhodopolius 47.
strictior Pk.
serrulatus Pers.
adiposus £7.
temnophyllus 2h.
Hallianus Pé&.

scor pioides ne
semiorbicularis Budi.
Lignicola Pk.

ce umnalis Pk.
yernalis P&.
lateritius F’7.

ovalis “7.

tener Schaef.
Hypnorum £atsch,
rimosus Budd.
fastigiatus Fr.
Soc tmaeene Pk.
flocculosus Berk.
geophyllus Sow.
sarcophy ‘lus P&.
silvicola Vdd.
Hornemanni /7.
Johnsonianus Pk.
perplexus PA.
semiglobatus Baisch.
stercorarius £7.
spadiceus £7.
eernuus Mull.
semilanceolatus 7.
solidipes PA.
retirugis Batsch.
campanulatus L.
papilionaceus Lull.
fimicola 7.

PPPPPRPPPPPP PEPER PPP Ps

e

°

DEPP EEE >> >> EEE Ebb bbb bbb bbb

sanguinolentus A. &N.

curvo-marginatus Pk.

ia dae eee

TWEHNTY-FOURTH REPORT ON TH STATE MuSzUM.

Agaricus gracilis Hr.
ian atomatus #7.
A. disseminatus Pers.
Coprinus tomentosus 47.

C. niveus /?.

C. micaceus Lf.
C2 plicatilis #7.
C.. ephemerus #7.

Cortinarius caperatus /7.
coloratus Pk.
communis Pé&.
luteofuscus PA.
collinitus //7.
tricolor P&.
argentatus Lr.
alboviolaceus F7.
violaceus 7.
subochraceus Pk.
autumnalis Pk.
Catskillensis Pk.
squamulosus P#.
armillatus 7.
castaneoides /?%.
biformis /7.
distans P&.
sanguineus /7.
cinnamomeus /7.
castaneus /?.
vernalis Pk.

H ygrophorus chrysodon /7.
lt congelatus Pk.
Jel coceineus F?.

ie nitidus B. & C.
Lactarius pyrogalus £7.
plumbeus Fr,

gly ciosmus /?.
platyphyllus PA.
affinis Pk.
sordidus Pk.
torminosus /7?.
subdulcis Fr.
camphoratus /7.
rufus 77.

uvidus Sr.
piperatus 77.
ueeule decolorans 7.
R. nitida -7?.

R. foetens F?.
Cantharellus floccosus Schw.
C. cibarius 17.

aj alolaiaialgalas

e

Cantharellus cinnabarinus Schw.

C. intundibuliformis 77”.
C. aurantiacus /7.
C. dichotomus Pk.
Marasmius subvenosus /?%.
M. scorodonius /7.
M. oreades //7.
- Lentinus cochleatus 77.
L. lepideus £7.
Lenzites Crategi Berk.
Boletus luteus Z.
collinitus #7.
albus Pk.
Elbensis: PA.
flavidus /7.
pictus Pk.
Clintonianus P&.
spectabilis P&.
paluster P&.
Sistotrema 7.
subtomentosus /7?.
edulis Bull.
eyanescens Bull.
scaber Budi.
retipes B. & C.
auriporus P&..
strobilaceus Soy
Poly porus salicinus /7.
AN helephor a laciniatus Pers.
Bovista nigrescens Pers.
B. plumbea Pers.
Lycoperdon giganteum Latsch.
eeelatum /?.
Geaster saccatus 7.
Didyminm cinereum £7.
AKeidium Impatientis Schw.
Geranii DC.
Lamoniee:
. Myricatum Schw.
Orobi DC.
Fraxini Schw.
Viole Schum.
(Enothere Pk.
pustulatum Curt.
Podophylli Schw.
Epilobii DC.
quadrifidum DC.
Ranunculi Schw.
Claytoniatam Schw. |
macrosporum Pk.

eile

ss as ssa ss

<

REPORT oF THE BOTANIST. 47

Acidium Compositarum Mart,
AB. Clematitis Schw. :
Ravenelia glanduliformis B.&C.
Polycystis “Ranunculacearum
Desm.
Uromyces macrospora B. & C.
U. Limonii Zev.
Ustilago segetum Ditm.
Podisoma macropus Schw.
Aregma mucronatum F?,
Triphragmium clavellosum
Berk.

Puccinia Tiarelle B. & C.
Compositarum Sch.
Helianthi Schw.
Asteris Schw.
Xanthii Schw.
Violarum Zk.
Umbelliferarum DC.
Circeese Pers.
porphyrogenita Ow7t.
mesomajalis Deas oe Se
Anemones Pers.
coronata Cd.
Peckianum Howe.
Jredo Ari-Virginici Schw.
Cichoracearum Lev.
Cheerophylli Schw.
Filicum Desm.
Azaleee Schw.
Rubigo DC.
Vaeciniorum Johnst.
uy. pustulata Pers.
Lecythea cylindrica Strauss.
L. eyrosa Berk.
i Saliceti Lev.
Cystopus candidus Lev.
Microthyrium Smilacis De Wot.
Cryptosporium filicinum

Jase cn, &
Coniothecium toruloideum

tees
Spheeropsis Candollei B. & Br.
Stilbospora magna Berk.
Diplodia Mori Berk.
Streptothrix atra B. & C.
Helminthosporium Tiara

6 tir,
HH. macrocarpon Grev.
Sporocybe Persicee /?.

Sigtte ie vente lvrviate

dddde

AS TWENTY-FOURTH R#HPORV ON THE STATE Museum.

Fusisporium Buxi 77.
F. miniatum 2B. & C.

Macrosporium Cheiranthi 47.
Septoria Polygonorum Des.

(Enothere B. & C.
wpb wee.
Toxicodendri Curt.
sanguinea Desi.
destruens Desm.
viride-tingens Curt.
Liriodendri B. & C.
Vitis B. & C.

TDM MMAR DD

Pyri Curt.

Ascospora Podophylli Curt.
Labrella Pomi J/ont.
Helvella Infula Scheff’.
Leotia lubrica Pers.

EL, eircinans Pers.
Bulgaria rufa Schw.
Rhizina undulata 47.
Peziza cyathoidea Bull.

deg anomala Pers.
lee coccinea Jacq.
RP: Virginea Batsch.
Rp. floceosa Schw.

Tympanis picastra L. & C.
Hysterium flexuosum Schw.

H. Rubi Pers.

Plantaginicola B. & C-.

Hysterium Fraxini Pers.

Glonium stellatum J/whl.

Cordyceps militaris 7.

© purpurea #7.

Hypoxylon multiforme 2”.

ets nummularium 7.

H. coprophilum /7.

Diatrype virescens Schw.
Durizi Moni..

D. haustellata 7.

D. stigma L7.

Melogramma Quereuum /?.

Massaria vomitoria B. & C.

Spheeria aquila /7.

S. putaminum Schw.

S. morbosa Schw.

S. doliolum Pers.

Microspheeria Syringes Schw.

M. Vaccinii Pk.

Erysiphe lamprocarpa Lev.

lee fuscata B. & C.

Uncinula adunea Zev.

Dothidea Robertiani 77.

Depazea Smilacicola Schw.

D. Pyrole F7.

1); Kalmicola Schw.

D. . Fraxinicola. Curt.

Asterina Gaultherize Curt.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 49

PLANTS COLLECTED NEW TO THE HERBARIUM.

Aspidium aculeatum Swartz.
A. Thelypteris Swartz.
Cetraria nivalis Ach.

C. Pinastri Ach.
Lecanora ventosa Ach.
Biatora exigua /7.

B. lucida Fr. |
Arthonia astroidea Ach.
Pyrenula lencoplaca DC.

Umbilicaria Pennsylvanica Am.

Coniocy be furfuracea /7.
Leptogium pulchellum Wy.
Ephebe pubescens /7.
ue rubescens Pers.
volvata Pk.
equestris L.
Schumacheri /”.
Trentonensis P&.
chrysenteroides P&..
Sienna Pk.
Hoffmani PA.
ectypoides PA.
Calathus Buzab.
marmoreus Ps.
fragrans Sow.
zonatus Pk.
clusilis F7.
spinulifer Pk.
simillimus P&.
Leaianus Berk.
hematopus Pers.
Tintinabulum Paul.
leptophyllus P&.
Fibuloides P&.
lilacinus Pk.
pyxidatus 77.
ulmarius /7.
porrigens Pers.
admirabilis P2#.
sericellus /?.
Grayanus Pk.
Woodianus PA.
abortivus B. & C.
Seymourianus P&.
. asprellus F7.
scabrosus /7.

4

PPPPPPPPPPPbb EPP PhP PPh PPPPhPPbP he

Agaricus conicus PA.
Clintonianus P&.
delicatulus P&.
cuspidatus P&.
salmoneus P&.
flammans /7.
squarrosus J/ull.
heteroclitus 47.
gericola Pk.
Teh latilenats ee.
illicitus P&.
excedens Pk.
Ascophorus P&.
mutatus Pk.
dorsalis Pd.
mollis Scheff.
variabilis Pers.
haustellaris 77.
Greigensis P&.
eximius P&.
limicola P&.
odoratus Pk.
opr inus radiatus Bold.
silvaticus Pk.
semilanatus P&.
Bolbitius nobilis P&.
Cortinarius corrugatus PA.
C. olivaceus Pk.
C. bolaris /7.
C. asper Pk.
C. evernius /7.
Gomphidius viscidus /7.
Hygrophorus puniceus Fr.
Et. miniatus /7.
iY. leetus F7?.
Hi. psittacinus Scheff.
Lactarius serifluus DC.
cinereus P&.
fumosus P&.
trivialis F7.
insulsus 77.
Chelidonium PA.
ussula virescens /7.
Marie PA.
rubra /?.

simillimus P&.

Pee eee res

ove

Wn

50 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT on THE STATE MUSEUM. —

Paxillus involutus Batsch.
Cantharellus cinereus 77.
Plicatura Alni P&.
Marasmius candidus /7.
perforans 7.
pulcherripes Pé.
papillatus P#.
filopes Pk.
striatipes Pk.
anomalus P#.
decurrens P2.
Panus salicinus P2#.
Boletus bicolor P&.
gracilis Pk.
ee poripes Hr.
glomeratus Pk.
rubiginosus Jeosth.
marginatus Hr.
fumosus /7.
betulinus /7.
ezesius /7.

zonatus L7.
velutinus //7.
elongatus Berk.
Viticola /7.
Vaillantii 77.
vesiculosus B. & C.
corticola /7.
Trametes sepium Lerk.
Hydnum ferrugineum /7.
Jal zonatum Batsch.

ce

on ee ee eee

H. _pithyophilum B. & C.

_Kneiffia setigera Lr.

K. candidissima B. & C.
Odontia fimbriata /7.
Phlebia radiata -”.

le: zonata B. & C.
Guepinia spathularia 47.
Craterellus lutescens /7.
Stereum albobadium Schw.
S. Curtissii Berk.

S. rugosum /7.
Corticium incarnatum /7?.
0: Liquidambaris B. & C.
C. scutellatum B. & C.
C. salicinum /7.

C. Auberianum Wont.
C. Rubicola B. & C,
Thelephora coralloides /7.

Thelephora tuberosa Grev.

a caryophyllea /7.
dike sebacea 7.
Clavaria argillacea /7.
fragilis Holmsk.
mucida Pers.

heula Lr.

tetragona Schw.
flava Fr.

cinerea Lull.
trichopus Pers.
Kunzei 77.
spinulosa Pers.
apiculata Ar.
crispula Fr.
Calocera cornea Fr.

C. palmata /7.

C. viscosa Hr.
Tremella foliacea Pers.
Exidia repanda /7.
Nematelia nucleata /7.

N. atrata Pk.

Cyphella fulva B. & Ze.
Phallus impudicus #7.
Corynites Ravenelii Berk.
Geaster minimus Schw.
Lycoperdon molle Pers.

Ibs atropurpureum Vie.
L. subincarnatum P&.
Scleroderma Bovista 77.
Stemonitis fusca Loth.
Trichia pyriformis Hof'm.
T. .chrysosperma DC.
‘We varia Pers.

T. —_serpula Pers.
Arcyria punicea Pers.
Didymium squamulosum A. S.
Dictydium magnum P42.
Microthyrium Smilacis De JV.
Leptostroma vulgare J’.
Phoma ampelinum B. & C.
legs Menispermi P2.
Spheronema subulatum /7.
S. pruinosum P&.

©: Coryli Pk.

eee siocie

S. acerinum PA.

Spheropsis pulchella BL. & C.
S. Menispermi P&.
S. anomala Pk.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. | Al

Vermicularia Dematium /7”.
V. ovata Schw.
Discosia Artocreas /7.
Melanconium bicolor /7.
Diseella obscura B. & C.
Coryneum claveesporium P&.
Nemaspora aurea /7.
N. Russellii B. & C.
Septoria Viole Desm.
Erigeronis Pk.
Phlyctenoides B. & C.
Hippoeastani L. & Br.
Nabali B. & C.
Lobelize P&.
ytispora melasperma /7.
parva BL. & C.
coryneoides B. & C.
Pinastri 77.
hyalosperma /7.
Torula populina PA.
Uredo Aspidiotus PA.
a AKcidioides Pk.
Trichobasis Iridicola Pk.
T. - suaveolens Lev.
Ustilago longissima Z'wl.
vw: Montagnei 7'wl.
Uromyces Polygoni /uckel.
GE Caricis Pk.
Pileolaria brevipes B. & C.
Aregma obtusatum /7.
Puccinia Noli-tangeris Cd.
minutula P&.
Pyrole Cooke.
Convolvuli B. & C.
tripustulata PA.
Gerardii Ps.
emaculata Schw.
: striola Lk.
cidium Berberidis Pers.
Erigeronatum Schw.
tenue Schw.
Osmorrhize Pk.
Marize- W ilsoni P&.
Reestelia cornuta Zw.
Stilbum Rhois B. & C.
pellucidum Schrad.
giganteum Ph.
Fusarium erubescens B. & C.
_ Tubercularia nigricans DC.
Oidium fructigenum /ze.

Be ee ee

by By by bs by OPO ES bo dy

cn ch

Sepedonium chrysospermum
af

Monotospora triseptata Pk.

Helvella crispa /7.

Ei. sulcata Afz.

EE, elastica Bull.

H. gracilis Pk.

Leotia circinans Pers.

Geoglossum luteum P#.
glabrum Pers.

Peziza fusca Pers.

comata Schw.
Persoonii J/oug.
Dermatea furfuracea Fr.
Nodularia balsamicola Pk.
Sphinctrina Cerasi B. & C.
Tympanis alnea Pers.
Cenangium triangulare Schw.
C. Prunastri A’.

C. Cerasi /’r.

Hysterium pulicare 17.

Ee Smilacis Schw.

Hi Azalese Schw.

H. virgultorum Desm.
Xylaria corniformis /’7.
Rhizomorpha subcorticalis Pers.
Hypocrea floccosa Fr.
Hypoxylon concentricum Boldt.
Howeianum PA.
perforatum Schw.
argillaceum /’r.
Beaumontii B. & C.
Morseii B. & C.
anthracodes F’r.
Nectria Peziza Fr.

Valsa pulchella 77.

Vv salicina /7.

NE leucostoma /7.

bis Pini #7.

Spheeria aculeans Schw.

Ba rubricosa A’.

Pe vinosa A. & WN.
lig mollisioides Schw.
es Erinaceus Schw.
ie echinosperma Ph.
E. ceeruginosa Hr.

RB. hemispheerica W2gq.
die eariosa Pk.

leg rubra Pk.

Pe Tiliz PA.

‘Ps

Pe

a

59 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE Muszrum.

Spheeria Tilize 77.

S. longissima Pers.
Si Coptis Schw.

S. Sarracenia Schw.
S. Solidaginis Schw.
S. Taxicola Pk.
Dothidea Ribesia Pers.

Dothidea Sambuci /7.

iD: erystallophora B. & C.
1D: flabella B. & C.

D. Pteridis Pers.

D. Anemones #7.
Erineum roseum Schultz.
Podospheeria Cerasi Lev.

EDIBLE FUNGI.

Agaricus rubescens Pers.
: ulmarius Sov.

ee abortivus B. d& C.

A. squarrosus M/w/ll.

Paxillus involutus 77.

Lactarius insulsus 77.

Russula virescens Hr. |
Polyporus poripes £7.
Clavaria flava /.

C. tetragona Schw.
Helvella crispa #7.

EL. sulcata Afz.

Contributed.

Agaricus bombycinus Scheff.

| Polyporus frondosus 7.

(a)

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS.
W. H. Leacgert, New York.

Clematis ochroleuca A7zé.
Thalictrum purpureum ZL.

Ranunculus ab. v. micrantha Gr.

xs Cymbalaria Pursh.
Corydalis flavula af.
Nasturtium palustre DC.
N. sylvestre 2. Br.
Barbarea preecox /?. Br.
Arabis perfoliata Zam.
Erysimum cheiranthoides Z.
Alliaris officinalis Ander.
Lepidium ruderale Z.
Draba Caroliniana Walt.
Polanisia graveolens Leaf.
Viola primuleefolia Z.
Lechea Novee-Ceesareze Aust.
Silene inflata Smeth.

S. Armeria L,

Lychnis vespertina Stbth.
Arenaria peploides Z.

Cerastium oblongifolium Zorr.

Stellaria longifolia Zul.
Linum striatum Weald.
Parnassia Caroliniana J/iche.

Frangula Caroliniana Gray.
Polygala polygama Wald.

Pe brevifoha Vuit.

P.’ .~ Nuttallin7ivdaag:
Coronilla varia DC.

Prunus maritima Wang.
Rubus cuneifolius Pwursh.
Crateegus parvifolia Adz.
Sedum acre L.

Galium Mollugo Z.
Stylosanthes elatior Swartz.
Galactia mollis Micha.
Ludwigia alternifolia Z.

ie spherocarpa 7.
Ammannia humilis A/echw.
Lythrum Hyssopifolia Z.

L. -lineare di. ;
Hydrocotyle interrupta J/wAl.
Eclipta pro. v. brachypoda Gr.
Eupatorium rotundifolium Z.
E. pubescens Afuhl.
Galinsoga parviflora Cav.
Liatris scariosa Welld.
Solidago rigida L.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 53

Melissa officinalis Z. Wolftia Columbiana “arst.
Mentha rotundifolia Z. Potamogeton hybridus Miche.
M. aqu. v. crispa Benth. Tipularia discolor Vwtt.

Ilex opaca Azz. Commelyna Virginica Z.
Cuscuta inflexa Engelm. Eleocharis olivacea Zorr.
Lemna minor Z. Botrychium lanceolatum Angst.

J. S. Merriam, New York.

Sesuvium Portulacastrum L. Crepis virens L.
Nabalus racemosus Hook.

S. N. Cowuzzs, Otisco, N. Y.
Carex capillaris ZL.

W. RK. Gerarp, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

AXcidium Urtiee DC. Aregma obtusatum /7.

AA. Iridis Gerard. Pileolaria brevipes B. & C.
AB. aroid. v. Caladii Schw. Glonium stellatum J/wAl.
Reestelia cornuta Zw. Hypoxylon concentricum Lol.

G. B. Bratyerp, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Juneus maritimus Lam.

E. L. Hanxenson, Newark, N. Y.

Hibiscus Trionum Z. 3 Juncus alp. v. insignis 4/7,
Claytonia Virginica L. Carex lup. v. gigantea Lord.
Gaylussacia frondosa 7. & G. Hierochloa borealis 2. & S.
Salix nig. v. amygdalinus And. |

Ricoarp Prescott, Albany, N. Y.
Spheeropsis anomala Pk.

EK. C. Hows, M. D., New Batrmors, N. Y.

Fedia radiata Micha. Polyporus porosus £7.

F. umbilicata Sullw. AXcidium aroid. v. Caladii Schw.
Dicranum spurium Hedw. Erineum quercinum ze.
Trichobasis Galii Zev. Arthonia Lecideélla Vy.
Lecythea Rose Zev. Biatora exigua L7.

Pileolaria brevipes B. & R. Collema cyrtaspes Zuch.

Uromyces Polygoni Fuckel.

sy! TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

C. S. Osgorn, Rochester, N. Y.

~ Anemone nemorosa JL.
Aquilegia Canadensis Z.

Cardamine rhom. v. purpurea Zorr.

Dentaria laciniata MwAl.
Arabis lyrata Z.

Polanisia graveolens Raf.
Viola rostrata Pursh.
Hypericum Kalmianum Z.
Saxifraga Virginiensis A/icha.
Tiarella cordifolia Z.
Houstonia purp. v. ciliolata Gr.
Liatris cylindracea Micha.
Aster ptarmicoides 7. & G.
Erigeron bellidifolium Dwhd.
Lobelia Kalmii Z.

Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi Spreng.

Pyrola secunda ZL.
Chimaphila umbellata Nutt.
Couopholis Americana Wadllr.
Pedicularis Canadensis ZL.
Mentha viridis Z.

M. piperita Z.

Asclepias tuberosa Z.

B, quadrifolia Jacq.

aA verticillata ZL.
Shepherdia Canadensis Vwtt.
Comandra umbellata Vwi.
Sisyrinchium Bermudiana Z.
Pella atropurpurea Lk.
Cheilanthes lanuginosa JVuté.
Camptosorus rhizophyllus ZA.
Asplenium Trichomanes JZ.

C. F. Austin, Closter, N. J.

Sticta crocata Ach.
Ephebe pubescens 7.

Lecanora rubina Vell.
Collema pulposum Ach.

Miss Mary L. Wirson, Buffalo, N. Y.

Usnea cavernosa Zuck.
Evernia furfuracea ann.

E. vulpina Ach.
Ramalina ealicaris 7.
Physcia pulverulenta £7.

PR. cil. v. angustata Zuck.
Pannaria lurida ont.
Biatora rub. v. spadicea Z'uck.

B. rub. v. Schweinitzii Tuck.

Buellia alboatra Scher.
Lecanora cinerea 7.
Gyalecta cupularis Scher.

Lecidea Russellii Z'wck.
Pertusaria pustulata ‘Ach.
Myriangium Curtisu B. & I.
Endocarpon arboreum Schw.
Trypethelium cruentum J/ont.
Leptogium phyllocarpum Vy.
L. pulchellum Wy.
Collema pycnocarpum lVyl.
Cladonia macilenta Hof.
Stereocaulon condensatum Hof/m.
Parmelia colpodes Ach.

S. B. Wootworts, LL.D., Albany; N. Y.

Argemone Mexicana Z.
Liatris Boykinii 7. & G@.
Cleome integrifolia WVutt.

Artemisia frigida Wedld.
Chrysopsis villosa Vwte.

Rev. Henry A. Ritzy, Montrose, Pa.

Verbascum Thapsus Z. (white flowered.)

Report or THE BoraNIStv. 55

M. 8S. Brss, Fountaindale, Lil.

Draba brachycarpa WVuwtt. Castilleia sessiliflora P/.
D Car. v. micrantha Bebb. Euphorbia commutata Lngelm.
Lithospermum longiflorum Spreng.

Miss Saran P. Monx, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Polypodium vulgare v. Cambricum Z.

| Hon. A. S. Jounson, Utica, N. Y.
- Agaricus bombycinus Scheff. | Lycoperdon cyathiformis Bose.

Henry Gittman, Detroit, Mich.

Wolffia Columbiana Karst. Lemna minor Z.
W. arrhiza Z.

S. T. Outney, Providence, R. I.

Carex juncea Waild. Carex Olneyi Boott.
C. gynandra Schw. C. polymorpha Jul.
C. stridta Miche.

t

Bh. D. Grennne Utica, IN. ¥-
Adiantum Capillus-Junonis Rupt.| Cheilanthes argentea Hook.

Frank B. Cornwett, Vallejo, Cal.
Lecanora ventosa Ach.

Hon. G. WW Cuinton, (suttales Ne AY.

Draba verna Z. Aicidium Penstemonis Schw.

Primula Mistassinica Miche. Thalictri Grev.
Dicranum palustre Bred. Allenii Clinton.
Orthotrichum psilocarpum James. Ranuneulacearum DC.
Phallus impudicus /’. Berberidis Pers.
Tremella mesenterica Letz. ‘Euphorbie-hypericifolia,
a. foliacea Pers. Schw.
Phlebia radiata FA’. Houstoniatum Schw.

Corticium salicinum Fr.
Trichia chrysosperma DC.
iy pyriformis Hom.
Stemonitis fusca Roth.
Leptostroma vulgare #7.
Spheronema subtile #7.

Gnaphaliatum Schw.
quadrifidum DC.
macrosporium P%.
tenue Schw.
Menthe DC.

Tridis Gerard.

Bs BBs Bs Bay By Bi By Ba Bs

56 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Puccinia Pyrole Cooke.
lege Polygonorum Lk.
les Galiorum LA.

iP. Cryptotenis Pk.

Uromyces appendiculata Lev.

Ww, solida B. & 0.

(Oh Junei Schw.

Uredo Helianthi Schw.
U... -Potentillarum DC.
U. AXicidioides P. -

Trichobasis Labiatarum Zev.
Pileolaria brevipes B. & &.

Urnula Oraterium Schw.
Peziza eeruginosa /7.
Tympanis alnea Pers.
Patellaria atrata /7.

Sphinctrina Cerasi B. & C.
Cenangium Prunastri /7.
Nectria appendiculata Curt.
Hypoxylon concentricum Bolt.
Xylaria digitata 7.

; Hypox. v. pedata /7.
Valsa leucostoma /7.
aes salicina Lr.
Spheeria odtheca B. & C.
S. gyrosa Schw.
Ss limeeformis Schw.
Dothidea crystallophora B. & C.
1D: Sambucei £7.
D. Ribesia Pers.
Glonium stellatum J/wAl.
Erineum quercinum /Ze.

(2).
PLANTS FOUND GROWING SPONTANEOUSLY IN THE STATE AND
NOT BEFORE REPORTED.
CorYDALIS FLAVULA Leaf.
Near Paltz Point, Ulster county. W. H. Leggett.

FRANGULA CAaRroniIniana (ray.
Roadside between Hunter’s Point and Flushing. Tegueus

Linum striatum Walt.
Tottenville, Staten Island. Leggett.

GaactiA Motus Micha.
Washington Heights, N. Y. ie Leggett.

CoRoNILLA VARIA DC.

Lake Mohegan, near Peekskill. Leggett. Introduced.
CRATHGUS PARVIFOLIA At.

Tottenville, Staten Island. Leggett.

Hisisous Trionum L. )
_ Newark, Wayne county. £. LZ. Hankenson. Introduced.

Frpia RADIATA Jicha.
New Baltimore. “. C. Howe.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 57

Frpia UMBILICATA Sudliv.

Growing with the preceding, and scarcely to be distinguished
from it except by the fruit. Howe.

Evpratorium puBescens whl.
Rossville, Staten Island. Leggett.

CREPIS VIRENS ZL.

Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn. Apparently well established.
J. S. Merriam.

Sesuviuom PortuLacastruM ZL.
East Hampton, Long Island. Merriam.

MENTHA AQUATICA V. CRISPA eae
Lake Mohegan ; also near Middletown, Orange county. Gee

CAREX CAPILLARIS LL.

Otter Creek, Onondaga county. WS. WV. Cowles. A remarkably
tall slender variety, with the perigynia two-nerved.

, MOSSES.
DicRANUM PALUSTRE Brid. |
Whirlpool, Erie county. G. W. Clinton.

ORTHOTRICHUM PSILOCARPUM James.
Trees. Harlem. Clinton.

: LICHENS.
CETRARIA PINASTRI /?.

Catskill mountains. Sterile.

CETRARIA NIVALIS Ach.

Top of Mount Marcy.

SticTa crocaTa Ach.
Shawangunk mountains. C.F. Austin.

Pannaria LuRIDA Mont.
Trees. Buffalo. Miss Mary L. Wilson.

Lecipra Russeitu Zuck.

Rocks. Niagara Falls. dfiss Walson.

58 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

PARMELIA cCoLPopES Ach.
Buffalo. Miss Walson.

LEcANORA VENTOSA Ach.
Rocks. Top of Mounts Marcy and of Whiteface.

LEcanora RUBINA Ach.
Rocks. Haverstraw, Rockland county. Austin.

BIATORA LUCIDA /7.

Roots of overblown trees. Sandlake, Rensselaer county. A
rare species.

- Bratora ExiGua /7.

Bark of living trees. Very common.

BuELLIA ALBOATRA Scheer.
Bark of trees. Buffalo. ss Wilson.

Craponia MACILENTA Hoffm.
Highteen-mile Creek. iss Wilson.

PERTUSARIA PUSTULATA ACA.

Trees. Buffalo. Mss Welson.

PYRENULA LEUCOPLACA DC.
Trees. Helderberg mountains.

ARTHONIA ASTROIDEA Ach. ;
Trees. New Baltimore. Howe. Albany and Sandlake.

ARTHONIA LECIDEELLA Wy.
Trees. New Baltimore. Howe.

ENDOCARPON ARBOREUM Schw.

Trees. Buffalo. Miss Wilson.

Umairicaria Pennsytvanica LHofm.

Rocks. Garrison’s Station, Putnam county. Several species of
Umbilicaria grow in great profusion on the exposed rocks of the
Highlands.

ContlocyBE FURFURACEA AcA.
Roots of overblown trees. Sandlake.

Report oF THE BoraNiISt. 59

CoLLEMA PrconocarruM Vy.
Mossy trunks of trees. Buffalo. iss Wilson.

CoLLEMA PULPOsUM ACA.
Rocky banks, Herkimer county. Awstin.

CoLLEMA cyRTASPES Z'uck. ,
Rocks. New Baltimore. Howe.

Leprogium puLCHELLUM WVy.

Rocks and trees. Buffalo. diss Wilson. New Baltimore,
Howe. Catskill mountains.

Mrrianerum Cortrisn B. & MW.
Branches of Crateegus, Buffalo. iss Wilson.

EPHEBE PUBESCENS 7.
Rocks. Haverstraw. Austen. Top of Mount Marcy.

STEREOCAULON CONDENSATUM Soff.

Niagara Falls. dss Wilson.

GYALECTA CUPULARIS Scher.

Rocks. Niagara Falls. iss Wilson.

FUNGI.
AGARICUS RUBESCENS P78.

Grassy ground in open woods. Greenbush. July. The change
of color in the flesh when bruised is not well marked in our speci-
mens.

¢
Agaricus (AMANITA) VOLVATUS 7. sp.

Pileus fleshy, convex, at length expanded, striate on the margin,
sprinkled with small floccose scales, whitish, the disk pale brown ;
lamellee close, free, white ; stem equal or slightly tapering upward,
stuffed, minutely floccose-sealy, ringless, whitish ; volva large, firm,
loose ; spores subelliptical 53455 of an inch long. Plant 2-3 inches
high, pileus as broad, stem 3-4 lines thick.

Damp ground in open woods. Greenbush. July.

A species well marked by the absence of the annulus and the
presence of a large, thick, bulb-like volva, whose free margin is

more or less lobed. The lamelle in the dried Oe have
assumed a pale cinnamon hue.

60 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE SvaTE Museum.

AGARICUS SCHUMACHERI /7.

Ground in woods. Greig, Lewis county. September. ‘This
plant when oid assumes the appearance of a large Clitocybe. —

AGARICUS EQUESTRIS ZL.

Ground in pine woods. Bethlehem, Albany county. November.

This is the form with a white stem. The lamellx in our speci-
mens are not entirely free, but deeply emarginate and attached
to the stem by a very narrow part.

Agaricus (TRIicHoLoMA) TRENTONENSIS 2. sp.

Pileus thin, convex or expanded, often irregular, smooth or sub-
virgate, hygrophanous, slightly striatulate on the margin when
moist, dingy white, the disk generally brown; lamelle very nar-
row, crowded, obscurely emarginate, white inclining to yellowish ;
stem short, equal, solid, slightly striate, white.

Plant 1.5’—2’ high, pileus 1—2’ broad, stem 3/5” thick. a!

Ground and rotten wood in woods. Trenton Falls. September.
Gregarious or subcespitose, sometimes closely crowded.

Agaricus (TRicHoLoMA) SIENNA 7. sp.

Pileus rather thin, convex, then expanded or slightly depressed,
smooth, hygrophanous, obscurely striatulate on the extreme margin
when moist, yellowish red; lamella moderately close, whitish;
stem equal, smooth, hollow, concolorous with the pileus.

Plant 2’-3' high, pileus 1’—2’ broad, stem 3'—4” thick.

Ground in woods. Greig. September.

The pileus has the color of burnt sienna, and the coloration of
the whole plant resembles that of Hydnum repandum.

AGARICUS (Trcronoma) CHRYSENTEROIDES 7. Sp.

Plant light yellow; pileus fleshy, convex or expanded, firm,
smooth, dry; lamelle close, attached, slightly ribbed along the
upper margin with transverse veinlets; stem firm, equal, smooth,
solid ; spores elliptical, ,4,5 long.

Plant 2-4’ high, pileus 1’—2’ broad, stem 3”’—4” thick.

Ground in woods. Greig. September.

Perhaps too near A. chrysenterus, but the lamelle are attached
to the stem, not free, and the pileus is without any umbo.

Agaricus (CiirocyBE) HorrMani n. sp.
Pileus fleshy, thin, convex, then funnel-form, umbilicate, hygro-
phanous, watery a ilom when moist, yellow when dry; lamele

-

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 61

broad, distant, decurrent, bright yellow, interspaces rugose; stem
equal, smooth, stuffed or hollow, yellow; spores elliptical, 5;'5y’
long.

Plant 1-2' high, pileus 8’—18" broad, stem 1” thick.

On much decayed wood in woods. Gr eig. September.

It differs from A. dellus by its smooth pileus and decurrent
lamelle. I wish this pretty little plant to bear the name of Gov.
John T. Hoffman, because of his high appreciation of Natural
History and his just regard for its interests.

AGARIOUS FRAGRANS Sow.
Ground in woods. Greig. September.

AGARICUS CALATHUS Bub.

_ Low grounds in woods. Sandlake. Well marked by the pecu-
liar violaceous colored lamellée.

Agaricus (CLITOCYBE) MARMOREUS 7. Sp.

Pileus fleshy, firm, convex, smooth, white, mottled with darker
watery spots; lamellee close, narrow, arcuate, unequally decurrent,
white ; stem firm, solid, long, generally curved and slightly iiiiaker
at the base, white, pruinose; spores globose, ;,'5; long.

Plant ceespitose, 4—6' high, pileus 2-4’ broad, stem 6”—10" thick.

On old logs in woods. Greig. September.

This species is allied to A. “illudens, but is very different in
color and is destitute of an umbo.

_ Agaricus (CLYTOCYBE) ECTYPOIDES 7. Sp. .

Pileus fleshy, thin, broadly umbilicate or funnel-form, with a _

spreading margin, finely virgate with close-pressed blackish fibrils,
and squamulose-punctate, the black points seated on the radiations,
varying in color from watery-gray to dull watery-yellow; lamellee
close, narrow, long-decurrent, some of them forked, yellowish ;
stem equal, firm, solid, colored like the pileus, with a white myce-
lium at the base. )

Plant about 2’ high, pileus 1—2’ broad, stem 1’—2” thick. Sub-
ceespitose.

Rotten logs and stumps in woods. Sandlake and Catskill

mountains. J uly and August.
The pileus is sometimes lobed, sometimes excentric.

Acaricus (CoLLYBIA) ZONATUS 2. Sp.
Pileus thin, fleshy, convex, then expanded or slightly depressed,
umbilicate, hairy-tomeéntose, tawny with obscure darker zones;

e ‘

62 TWENIY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

lamelle narrow, close, white, free; stem equal, firm, hollow,
tomentose-fibrillose, brownish-tawny ; spores subelliptical, -5,’
long. 7 |

Plant ceespitose, 1.5—2" high, pileus 6°-12" broad, stem 1” thick.

Base of an elm tree. Albany. August.

Allied to A. stepitarius, but a much larger plant with a differ-
ent mode of growth. Under a lens the pileus is seen to be clothed |
with rather coarse, densely matted, subfasciculate, prostrate, tawny
hairs. In the dried specimens the darker zones are less clear, and
the pileus has become concentrically suleate. A minute umbo or
papilla is seen in the umbilicus in some specimens.

Agaricus cLusiLis £7.
Burnt ground in woods. Greig. September.

Agaricus (CoLLYBIA) SPINULIFER 7. sp.
Pileus fleshy, thin, convex, smooth, hygrophanous, alutaceous
tinged with pink and slightly striatulate on the margin when
moist, paler when dry; lamelle narrow, close, rounded behind and
free, pale cinnamon colored ; stem slender, tough, smooth, shining,
hollow, reddish-brown, paler above, with a whitish mycelium at
the base; spores subelliptical, z,4,7° long.

Plant cespitose, 2’-3’ high, pileus 1’-1.5’ broad, stem 1” thick.

Old logs and ground among leaves in woods. Greig. Septem-
ber. (Plate 1, figs. 4-9.)

The lamelle are clothed with minute spines or sete, of a dull
cinnamon color, about 7,3, long, thickest near the base and
gradually tapering to the point. These give to the lamelle their

" peculiar hue. In young plants the stem is whitish nearly to the
base.

Agaricus (CoLLYBIA) SIMILLIMUS 2. sp.

Size and habit exactly as in the preceding species for which it is
liable to be mistaken. The pileus becomes lighter colored (almost
white) in drying, the lamelle are white, attached to the stem and
destitute of the spine-like processes which form such a remarkable
feature in its near ally, and the stem is of a uniform reddish-
brown color.

Greig. September.

Aqaricus Leatanus Berk.

Decaying beech logs and branches in woods. Buffalo. Clinton.
Sandlake, Helderberg and Adirondack mountains. July, Septem-
ber. ,

An extremely beautiful plant when young and fresh, but it loses
its color in drying. It grows in dense tufts, and when young,

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 63

both pileus and stems are sprinkled with a ‘ae oEe pulverulent
coating. When old, the plant becomes much faded. The fingers
are stained in handling it. The lamelle in our specimens were
yellow with an orange-colored edge. Spores ellipitical, 5.4,’ long.

Agaricus H&{MATOPUS Pers.
Old logs in woods. Garrisons. Greig, etc. June, September.

Agaricus TinTInNABULUM /?.
On an old beech stump. Knowersville, Albany county. May.

Agaricus (Mycrn4) LEPTOPHYLLUS 7. sp.

Pileus thin, campanulate or convex, subpapillate, dont stria-
tulate when moist, pale reddish-yellow, the disk brighter colored ;
lamellze close, narrow, widest at the middle, pointed at the outer
extremity, sharply uncinate at the inner, whitish or yellow with
a flesh-colored tint; stem slender, tough, hollow, smooth, whitish.

Plant 1'-1.5' high, pileus 3”-5” broad, stem .5” thick.
Old mossy logs and rotton wood in woods. Greig. September.
The papilla of the pileus is sometimes absent.

Agaricus (OmpHatia) FrBuLorpEs 7. sp. ,
Pileus fleshy but thin, convex, deeply umbilicate, smooth, hygro-
phanous, dull orange-colored and striatulate when moist, paler
‘when dry; lamelle rather close, arcuate, long-decurrent, venose-
connected, white; stem equal, smooth, hollow, nearly the same
color as the a with a white mycelium at the base ; spores sub-
elliptical, s75, long.

Plant 1-2’ high, pileus 6'-10" broad, stem scarcely 1’ thick.

Burnt mossy g oround in a pasture. Greig. September.

It resembles A. Fibula in its color ation, but its larger size, short
stem, and venose-connected lamelle readily distinguish it.

AGARICUS (OMPHALIA) LILACINUS 2. Sp.

Pileus submembranaceous, convex, deeply umbilicate, smooth,
viscid, hygrophanous, dull yellow with a slight greenish tinge and
striatulate when moist, bright sulphur-yellow when dry; lamelle
rather close, arcuate, decurrent, pale lilac; stem equal, smooth,
hollow, viscid, yellowish with a pale lilac-colored mycelium at the
base.

Plant about 1’ high, pileus 6"—9" broad, stem .&” thick.

Old logs in woods. Trenton Falls. Sept. (Plate 1, figs. 10-13.)

_ A very distinct species, remarkable for the peculiar hue of the
lamelle and the mycelium. The color of the latter is retained in
the dried specimens before me.

64 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

AGARICUS PYXIDATUS /7?.
- Ground in pastures. Greig. September.

AGARICUS ULMARIUS //7.

Elm trees. Trenton Falls. September.

I have what appears to be a form of this species, with the pileus
destitute of spots and the lamelle deeply emarginate. It grows
in large tufts from the roots of maple trees.

AGARICUS PORRIGENS /7.

Rotten wood in woods. Common in the North woods. Sep-
tember, October.

AGARICUS (PLUTEUS) ADMIRABILIS 7. Sp.

Pileus rather thin, convex, broadly umbonate, glabrous, rugose-
reticulated, hygrophanous, obscurely striatulate on the margin
when moist, bright yellow; lamellee close, broad, remote, dull yel-
lowish, then flesh colored; stem slender, smooth, hollow, equal or
slightly thickened at the base, yellow, with a white mycelium;
spores subglobose, zg\5q long.

Plant 1.52" high, pileus 6’-10" broad, stem seamen 1” thick.

Old logs in woods. Greig. September.

Near A. chrysophlebcus from which it is separated by the umbo-

nate, hygrophanous, uniformly yellow pileus, differently colored,
lamelle and stem not enlarged above.

AGARICUS SERICELLUS /7.
Ground in woods. Catskill mountains. July.

Agaricus (ENToLOMA) GRAYANUS 7. sp.

Pileus fleshy, convex, frequently wavy or irregular, hygropha-
nous, dull watery yellow when moist, smooth, shining and nearly
white when dry; lamelle plane, close, flesh colored; stem equal,
firm, solid, white ; spores subglobose, irregular 5,157’ long.

Plant gregarious, 2'—-3’ high, pileus 1. 5'-2' broad, stem 8"—5' thick.

Ground in old roads. Sandlake. August.

Dedicated to Prof. A. Gray, 1 in view of his eminent panies as
a botanical writer.

Agaricus (ENTOLOMA) CUSPIDATUS 2. sp.
Pileus thin, conical or subcampanulate, smooth, shining, bearing
an elongated papilla or cusp at the apex, the margin often irregu-

Reporr or THE BorANIsv. 65

lar ; lamella broad, subdistant, narrowed toward the stem, slightly
emarginate and attached, more or less denticulate on the edge,
usually terminating a little before the margin ; stem equal, hollow,
fibrous, often twisted ; spores subglobose, irregular, 5,5,’ in diame-
ter. : /

Plant pale yellow throughout, 3-5’ high, pileus 9-12" broad,
stem 1’-1.5" thick.

Swamps and sphagnous marshes. Sandlake. August. (Plate
2, fies. 14-18.)

Apparently closely allied to A. Murrazi, but the pileus is net

striate, and is distinguished by a remarkable cusp. The spores
are a little larger than in A. Murraiz.

Agaricus (ENTOLOMA) SALMONEUS 7. Sp. } ,

Pileus thin, conical or campanulate, subacute, rarely with a
minute papilla at the apex, smooth, of a peculiar soft ochraceous
color, slightly tinged with salmon or flesh color ; lamelle and stem
colored like the pileus.

Low grounds, under spruce trees and in swamps. Sandlake.
August. (Plate 4, figs. 6-9.)

It is with some hesitation that this is proposed as a species, its
resemblance to the preceding one is so close. The only difference
is found in its color and in the absence of the prominent cusp of
that plant. In both species the pileus is so thin, that in well dried
specimens, slender, dark, radiating lines on it, mark the position
of the lamellee beneath, although in the living plants these are not
visible.

Agaricus (Cirroprius) WoopIANUs 2. sp.

Pileus fleshy, thin, convex or expanded, umbilicate or centrally
depressed, hygrophanous, striatulate on the margin when moist,
whitish or yellowish-white and shining when dry, the margin often
wavy or flexuous; lamelle close, adnate-decurrent, whitish, then
flesh colored ; stem equal, flexuous, shining, colored like the pileus,
solid or hollow from the erosion of insects; spores subglobose,
irregular, zs57 long.

Plant 3’ high, pileus 1—2' broad, stem 2” thick.

Ground and old logs in woods. Greig. September.

It resembles A. Grayanus in color, but is easily distinguished
from it by the more slender habit and the character of the lamelle.
Dedicated to Prof. A. Wood, in view of his exalted position as a -

botanist, and of the many acts of kindness the writer has received
from him.

5

66 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Agaricus Aportivus B. & C.

Ground in woods and copses. Greig and Greenbush. Septem-
ber and October. peter |

The lamellee are arcuate and long-decurrent in some specimens,
nearly plane and adnate-decurrent in others. They are at first
grayish with a flesh colored tint, at length bright flesh colored ;
some of them are forked. The odor is like that of fresh meal, the
taste not unpleasant. I have partaken of it without any injurious
effects, and deem it edible, though not as pleasant as some. The
abortive form sometimes grows intermingled with the others,
sometimes alone.

Agaricus (CLiropiLus) SEYMOURIANUS 2. Sp.

Pileus fleshy, thin, broadly convex, sometimes a little depressed,
smooth, pruinose, whitish with a dark lilac tinge; lamelle narrow,
erowded, decurrent, some of them forked at the base, whitish with
a dull flesh colored tint; stem equal, silky-fibrillose, hollow ; spores
globose, minute, +55 long.

Plant gregarious, 2’-3' high, pileus 1'-2.5’ broad, stem 3"—4" thick.
Ground in woods. Greig. September. The pileus is sometimes
lobed and excentric. .

I take pleasure in naming this species for Hon. Horatio Seymour,
in view of the interest he has manifested in the study of fungi.

AGARICUS ASPRELLUS Fr.
Swamps and sphagnous marshes. ' Sandlake. August.

AGARICUS SCABROSUS J”.
Swamps. Sandlake. August.

Agaricus (NoLANEA) CONICUS 7. Sp.

Pileus submembranaceous, conical, at length expanded, with a
minute umbo or papilla, hygrophanous, dull watery cinnamon
color and striatulate when moist, silky shining, subzonate and
pale grayish cinnamon when dry; lamellee close, rather narrow,
nearly free, terminating before the margin of the pileus, bright
flesh color; stem slender, straight, hollow, brown with white
mycelium at the base ; spores subovate, irregular, s;5, long.

Plant 2' high, pileus 4’-10" broad, stem .5" thick. Among moss
and on rotten wood in swamps. Sandlake. August.

Agaricus (NoLANEA) DELICATULUS 2. Sp.
Pileus submembranaceous, convex, then expanded, smooth,
hygrophanous, striatulate when moist, silky when dry, pinkish

Report or THE BovTANIST. 67

white; lamellae subdistant, rather broad, ventricose, slightly
attached, white, then flesh-colored; stem long, slender, smooth,
hollow, subpellucid, white, spores subelliptical, irregular, 5357 long.

Plant fragile, 2'-3' high, pileus 6’ broad, stem .5" thick. Sphag-
nous swamps. Sandlake. August.

Agaricus (NoLANEA) CLINTONIANUS 2. Sp.

Pileus submembranaceous, broadly conical, sometimes expanded
and wavy-margined, a little seabrous-squamulose on the disk, striate
on the margin, whitish or light gray, the disk sometimes a little
darker ; lamellee narrow, close, nearly free or easily separating from
the stem, whitish, becoming pale flesh-colored ; stem slender, equal,
smooth, hollow, white, sometimes slightly tinged with yellow, with
an abundant white mycelium at the base; spores subelliptical, irre-
gular, 5357 long.

Plant 2’-4' high, pileus 11.5’ broad, stem scarcely 1” thick.
Swamps. Sandlake. August.

I take pleasure in naming this apparently rare species for Hon.

G. W. Clinton, one of the most energetic and enthusiastic botanists
of the State.

AGARICUS FLAMMANS /7,

Old logs in woods. Greig. September. A most beautiful
plant, preserving its color well in drying.

AGARICUS sguaRRosus Mull.

Prostrate trunks of deciduous trees. Sandlake. August and
September.

AGARICUS HETEROCLITUS L7.
On an old beech log. Greig. September.

Agaricus (PHortoTa) AGGERICOLA 7. sp.

Pileus convex, at length slightly depressed, smooth, viscid in
wet weather, slightly striatulate on the margin when moist, dark,
brown ; lamellee subdistant, decurrent-toothed, grayish; stem equal
or slightly tapering upward, fibrous, solid, usually curved at the
base, lighter colored than the pileus, white above the membranous
annulus ; spores elliptical, »4,, long.

Plant 2-3 high, pileus 1'—2’ broad, stem 3"—5" thick. Banks by
roadsides. Greig. September.

Agaricus (Navcort4) HigHLANDENSIS 7. Sp.
Pileus convex, sometimes expanded, smooth, viscid, yellowish-
red, often paler on the margin; lamelle close, rounded behind,

68 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

sometimes with a slight decurrent tooth, at length pale cinnamon
color; stem equal, hollow, minutely floccose-scaly, yellowish ;
spores 3,45, long. r

Plant gregarious, 1'-1.5' high, pileus 6"-12" broad, stem 1” thick.
Burnt ground. Top of one of the “ Highlands,” near Highland
Falls. June. |

Allied to A. semiorbicularis, but easily separated from it by its
more viscid pileus, paler lamelle, squamulose stem and smaller
spores. |

Agaricus (HEBELOMA) ILLICITUS 2. Sp.

Pileus fleshy, firm, broadly convex or expanded, smooth, hygro-
phanous, very dark brown when moist, a little paler when dry;
lamellze close, broad, tapering outwardly, plane or ventricose,
rounded behind with a very slight decurrent tooth, pale dingy
brown ; stem firm, equal, hollow, scabrous, distinctly striate at the
top, paler than the pileus, with a white mycelium; spores sub-
elliptical, z,4, long.

Plant compact, gregarious or cspitose, 1.5’'-2' high, pileus
1'-1.5' broad, stem 2" thick. Rotten sticks and logs in woods.

Greig. September. (Plate 4, Figs. 1-5.) The habitat is unusual
for species of this subgenus.

Agaricus (HrBELomMA) ASCOPHORUS 7. Sp.

Pileus convex, smooth, viscid, pale alutaceous, often with a
brighter colored disk ; lamellee moderately broad, close, emarginate,
attached, pallid or subolivaceous, stem equal, short, stuffed or hol-
low, slightly fibrillose, paler than the pileus; spores produced in
fragile, globose asci borne on a thick, tapering, penetrating pedun-
cle, elliptical, 3, long. 7

Plant 1' high, pileus 6"—12" broad, stem scarcely 1" thick. Burnt
ground in pastures. Greig. September. (Plate 3, Figs. 1-6.) >

A species remarkable for the peculiar manner in which the
spores are produced. There are a dozen or more in each ascus.
Under slight pressure on. the slide of the microscope the envelop-
ing membrane bursts and separates from its peduncle which is of a
firmer structure and bears some resemblance in size, shape and

color to the spinules on the lamelle of A. spenulifer. The viscid
pellicle of the pileus is separable when dry.

Agaricus (HEBELOMA) EXCEDENS 2. Sp. |
Pileus thin, convex, gibbous or broadly umbonate, pale alutace-
ous inclining to russet; lamelle rather broad, close, deeply emar-
ginate, terminating before the margin, minutely eroded on the

Report or THE BoTaNIStT. 69

edge, pallid, then brownish; stem equal, solid, silky-fibrillose,
colored like the pileus ; spores subelliptical, 3;4,' long.

Plant 2° high, pilens 1’ broad, stem 1"-2" thick. Sandy soil
about pine trees. Saratoga. October.

Readily known by the thin margin extending beyond the lamelle.
It has the taste and odor of radishes.

Agaricus (HEBELOMA) MUTATUS 7. sp.

Pileus thin, firm, convex or broadly conical, gibbous or broadly
umbonate, rough with squarrose fasciculate, floccose scales, which
at length disappear except on the disk, dark brown; lamelle
broad, close, rounded and very deeply emarginate behind, attached
by the extreme upper part only, dark ferruginous brown, edge
whitish ; stem slender, equal, solid, firm, floccose-scaly, often curved
at the base, colored like the pileus; spores elliptical, 534,’ long.

Plant 2’-3' high, pileus 6"-12" broad, stem 1” thick. Damp
ground in woods. Catskill mountains. July.

The changed appearance produced by ne, disappearanee of the
scales suggests the specific name.

AGaricus (CREPIDOTUS) DORSALIS 2. Sp.

Pileus fleshy, sessile, dimidiate or subreniform, flat or slightly
depressed behind, with a decurved slightly striate maxgin, slightly
fibrillose-tomentose, distinctly tomentose at the point of attach-
ment, reddish yellow; lamelle close, ventricose, rounded behind,
subemarginate, converging to a whitish, villous, lateral space, pale
ochraceous brown ; spores globose, 7,45 In diameter.

Pileus 8'-15" broad. Old logs in woods. Greig. September.

Allied to A. putrigena B. & C., but it is not imbricated, and
differs in color, size of spores, etc. In general appearance it bears
some resemblance to Panus dorsalis.

Agaricus Motus Scheff: sion ey Di
Old logs and rotten wood. Common. July, September.

AGARICUS VARIABILIS Pers.

Dead trunks of mountain maple, Acer specatwm. Indian Lake,
Hamilton county. October.

AGARICUS HAUSTELLARIS 7.

On prostrate trunks of poplars. Thurman, Warren county.
October. A small form.

Agaricus (CREPIDoTUS) GREIGENSIS 7. sp.
Pileus submembranaceous, convex, dimidiate, hygrophanous,
grayish cinnamon color and striatulate when moist, silky-fibrillose

70 © Twenvy-FouRTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

when dry; lamelle subdistant, free, grayish or pallid becoming
dingy flesh-colored; stem lateral, short, solid, curved, fibrillose
toward the base, springing from an abundant, white, radiating
mycelium which sometimes creeps over the matrix to a considerable
distance; spores subglobose, irregular, flesh-colored, about 39459’
long. |

Pileus 5"-10" broad, stem scarcely more than 1" long. Very
rotten, mossy logs in woods. Greig. September.

The short stem is sometimes compressed in the middle so that
it appears to be enlarged both above and below. This species
belongs to the second division of the subgenus Crepidotus as
characterized by Fries in the Epicrisis, and to the subgenus Clau-
dopus proposed by W. G. Smith, except that the lamellee are free,
neither sinuate nor decurrent. It is manifestly related to A.
byssisedus.

Agaricus (PILosAcE) EXIMIUS 7. Sp.

Pileus fleshy, thin, convex or broadly campanulate, at length
expanded and subumbonate, smooth, dark sooty brown; lamellee
close, broad, ventricose, rounded behind, free, dull red or brownish
pink, then brown; stem slender, hollow, a little thicker at the base,
dull red; spores elliptical, ~4, long.

Plant 1'shigh, pileus 3"—6" broad, stem .5" thick. Old stumps in
woods. Greig. September. Rare.

fam not aware that a representative of this subgenus has before

been found in this country, and none is yet known to belong to
the flora of England.

Agaricus (PsttocyBe) LimicoLa n. sp.
Pileus thin, convex, then expanded, smooth, hygrophanous,
dark watery We own ne striatulate on the margin when moist, pale
ochraceous brown and corrugate-wrinkled when dry ; lamellee close,
rounded behind, attached, cinnamon-brown, becoming darker ;
stem slender, equal, brittle, silky, hollow above with a distinct
separable pith below, whitish ; ‘spores elliptical-eymbiform, 345
long. %
Plant subceespitose, 2’ high, pileus 6-12" broad, stem scarcely
1’ thick. Damp muck soil in woods. Greig. September. (Plate
2, figs. 9-13.)

‘Related to A. cernuus, but more slender and fragile, with a
different habitat, larger spores, etc.

AGARICUS (PSATHYRELLA) ODORATUS 7%. Sp.
Pileus thin, fragile, ovate-convex, at length expanded, smooth,
hygrophanous, dark reddish brown or chestnut colored and stria-

REPORT oF THE BOTANIST. 71

tulate on the margin when moist, dirty white or clay colored with
a pinkish tinge, subatomaceous and radiately wrinkled when dry ;
lamellz close, broad, attached, with a slight spurious decurrent
tooth, dingy flesh color, then rosy brown, finally black with a
whitish edge; stem pallid, equal, hollow, slightly enlarged at the
base, slightly mealy and striate at the top, subfibrillose when
young, with a white mycelium at the base; spores elliptical.cymbi-
form, 757 Jong.

Plant 2-3' high, pileus 1-2’ broad, stem 1"—2" thick. About
manure heaps. West Albany. May.

It is gregarious or subceespitose, and has a strong odor resem-
bling that of the ‘poison elder,’ Sambucus pubens. The pileus

is sometimes split on the margin and occasionally cracked on the
surtace.

Coprints rapiAtus Boldt.
Horse dung. Sandlake. August.

CopRINUS SILVATICUS 2. Sp.

Pileus membranaceous, with a thin fleshy disk, convex, plicate-
striate on the margin, dark brown, the depressed striz paler;
lamellz subdistant, narrow, attached to the stem, brownish; stem
fragile, slender, ay hollow, white; spores gibbous-ovate,
sus Tene.

Plant 2’ high, pileus 6-10" broad, stem .5” thick. Ground in
woods. Greig. September. (Plate 4, fies. 10-14.)

The striz extend about half way up the pileus. Allied to @.
plicatilis and C. ephemeris.

CopRINUS SEMILANATUS 2. Sp.

Pileus submembranaceons, broadly conical, then expanded and
strongly revolute, with the margin sometimes split, farinaceo-
atomaceous, finely and obscurely rimose-striate, pale grayish
brown; lamellz narrow, close, free; stem elongated, fragile, hollow,
slightly tapering upward, white, the lower half clothed with loose
cottony floeci which rub off easily, the upper half smocth or slightly
farinaceous ; spores broadly elliptical, 354, long,

Plant very fragile, 4-6’ high, pileus 8"-12" broad, stem 1" thick
at the base. Rich ground and dung. Sandlake. August. (Plate
4, figs. 15-18.) Allied to C. codpertus.

Bo.BIrTIus NOBILIS 7. sp.
Pileus thin, fleshy on the disk, ovate, then campanulate, smooth,
plicate-striate, pale yellow, the disk tinged with red, the margin at

72 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

length recurved and splitting; lamelle sub-distant, tapering out-
wardly, attached, the alternate ones more narrow, pale yellow with
a darker edge ; stem long, equal, smooth, striate at the top, hollow,
white.

Plant ceespitose, 3-5’ high, pileus 1’ broad, stem 1" thick. Ground

in woods. Greig. September. (Plate 2, fies. 1- a
A fine large species but probably rare.

CorTINARIUS (PHLEGMACIUM) CORRUGATUS 1. Sp.

Pileus fleshy, broadly campanulate or convex, smooth, viscid,
coarsely reticulate-rugose, bright yellow, the margin incurved ;
lamellee close, a little narrowed behind, attached, minutely eroded
on the edge, pallid, then pale cinnamon; stem stout, cylindrical,
smooth, hollow, bulbous, whitish or pale yellow, the bulb viscid
and colored like the pileus; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical,
echinulate, gs'yq'—zo'vv,, long.

Plant 3/—5’ high, pileus 2’-3’ broad, stem 6"—8" thick. Ground
among leaves under Aalmia latifolia. Highlands. June.

The flesh is white; the bulb immarginate, in some specimens
almost obsolete. A very distinet, noble species.

CorTINARtIus (PHLEGMACIUM) OLIVACEUS 2. Sp.

Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, smooth, viscid, dark brown
with a greenish or olivaceous tinge ; lamellee close, rather broad, at
length ventricose, dark olivaceous, then cinnamon colored; stem
equal, bulbous, silky, stuffed or hollow, white-violaceous; spores
elliptical, with a transparent nucleus, 53,7’ long.

Plant 3’-4" ‘high, pileus 2’ broad, stem 4’-6" thick. Ground in
woods. Greig. September.
The flesh of the stem is violaceous, of the pileus grayish.

CorTINARIUS BOLARIS 7.

Ground in woods. Greig. September.

Cortinarius (INoLoMA) ASPER 7. sp.

Pileus fleshy, firm, hemispherical, then convex, rough with
minute, erect, brown scales, ochraceous; lamelle close, rounded
behind and slightly emarginate, dull violaceous, then pale cinna-
mon}; stem equal, bulbous, solid, fibrillose-scaly, colored like the
pileus but smooth and violaceous at the top, the bulb white with
an abundant mycelium; spores broadly elliptical, with a pellucid
nucleus, s,457' long.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. le

Plant 3’-4’ high, pileus 2’-3’ broad, stem 3"—5" thick. Ground
in cleared places. Greig. September. (Plate 1, figs. 1-3.)
A fine species. The flesh of the stem is violaceous.

CorTINARIUS EVERNIUS /”.

Low wet grounds in woods. Sandlake. August. Our speci-
mens do not quite agree with the description, the stem being silky-
fibrillose, not scaly.

GompPuipius viscipus £7.
Ground in pine woods. Sandlake and West Albany. October.

Hy«grorHorvs PuNIcEus /7.
Ground in woods. Greig. September.

Hycroruorus Lztus F7.

Ground in cleared places, growing under Pterzs aqguilina. Greig.
September.

Hyeropuorts psirracinus 7.
Ground in open places. Greig. September.

Lacrarius mnsutsus 7. —
Damp ground in open woods. Greenbush. July.

Lactarius TrIviaLis /7.

Ground in woods. Poughkeepsie. W. &. Gerard. Greig.
September.

Our plant does not agree rigidly with the description, the pileus
being sometimes zonate and the stem rather slender and not always
hollow. The lamellz and flesh slowly change to a greenish or
olivaceous color when wounded, though the milk is unchangeable.
Future observation may show it to be a distinct species, but at
present I prefer to consider it an aberrant form of L. trivialis.

LactTaRivs CINEREUS 7. Sp.

Pileus fleshy, at length expanded, centrally depressed, usually
umbilicate, smooth, viscid, light gray with the disk sometimes a
little darker ; lamellze narrow, close, white; stem equal or slightly
tapering upward, smooth, stuffed, colored like the pileus; spores
ss00 —scy’ in diameter. Flesh and milk white, unchangeable,
taste acrid.

Plant 2’-3’ high, pileus 1/—2’ broad, stem 3’-4" thick. Ground
in woods. Sandlake and Greig. August and September. Allied
to L. vietus.

74 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Lacrarius sERIFLUUsS DC.

Swamps in woods. Sandlake and Greig. Our plant has a hol-
low stem and the color of burnt sienna—particulars in which it
disagrees with the description of Z. serifiuus; but the scanty
watery or serum-like milk is well shown by it. This is a large
but very fragile species, and much subject to the attack of insects.
When dry it has a decided but agreeable odor.

Lactarius CHELIDONIUM n. sp.

Pileus fleshy, firm, centrally depressed, smooth, slightly viscid,
of a grayish-green color with blue and yellow tints and a few nar-
row zones on the margin ; lamelle close, narrow, forked and wavy
at the base, sometimes anastomosing, grayish yellow; stem short,
subequal, smooth, hollow, colored like the pileus; spores yellowish,
spy In diameter.

Plant 2’ high, pileus 2’ broad, stem 4"—6" thick. Sandy soil
about pine trees. Saratoga. October.

Taste mild, milk sparse, of a yellowish color resembling the juice
of Celandine or the liquid secreted from the mouth of grasshoppers.
The flesh when wounded is at first stained with a color like the
milk, then changes to blue and finally to green. Closely allied to
L. deliciosus, from which it differs in its more narrow lamelle,
differently colored milk, smailer spores, ete.

LACTARIUS FUMOSUS 7. Sp. |
Pileus firm, convex, then expanded and slightly depressed in the
center, smooth, dry, smoky brown, or sordid white; lamellee close,
adnate or slightly rounded behind, white, then yellowish ; stem firm,
short, smooth, stuffed, generally tapering downward ; spores dis-
tinctly echinulate, yellow, 5/57 in diameter ; flesh and milk white ;
taste at first mild, then acrid.

Plant 1.5'-2’ high, pilens 1.5’-2.5' broad, stem 3’-5” thick.
Grassy ground in open woods. Greenbush. July.

The peculiar smoky hue of the pileus and yellow spores enable
this species to be easily recognized. The flesh when wounded
slowly changes to a dull pinkish color. Related to L. fuliginosus.

RussvLa virescens 7.
Grassy ground. Albany and Greenbush. June and July.

Russvta RruBra L7. |
Ground in a wooded ravine. Albany Rural Cemetery. July.

Russuta Maria n. sp.
Pileus fleshy, convex, subumbilicate, at length expanded and.
centrally depressed, minutely pulverulent, bright pink red (crimson

Report or THE BoTANIST. 13

lake), the disk a little darker, margin even; lamelle rather close,
reaching the stem, some of them forked, venose-connected, white,
then yellowish, stem equal, solid, colored like the pileus except the
extremities which are usually white ; spores globose, nearly smooth,
spy in diameter; flesh of the pileus white, red under the cuticle,
taste mild. |

Plant 2’ high, pileus 1.5’-2’ broad, stem 3’-6" thick. Dry
ground in woods. Catskill mountains. July.

The mintte colored granules, which give the pileus a soft prui-

nose appearance, are easily rubbed off on paper, and water put
upon the fresh specimens is colored by them.

RUssvULA SIMILLIMUS 7. Sp. |

Pileus hemispherical or convex, then expanded, slightly depressed,
at first or when moist viscid, the margin at length tuberculate-
striate, pale ochraceous yellow, the disk usually a little brighter
colored ; lamellae subequal, reaching the stem, some of them forked
behind, venose-connected, yellowish from the first; stem equal or
slightly tapering upward, spongy within, rarely hollow, colored
like the pileus, sometimes a little paler; spores 4,457’ in diameter ;
taste acrid.

Plant 2/-4’ high, pileus 1’-3’ broad, stem 4"—9" thick. Ground
in woods. Greig. September. |

Allied very closely to 2. fatens, from which it differs by the

absence of any marked odor and the margin not so widely striate.
I have never seen it ceespitose nor growing in cleared lands.

Paxinuus nvo.tutus Batsch.

Ground in woods. Greig and North Elba. August and Sep-
tember.

CANTHARELLUS CINEREUS /7.

Ground in woods and shaded ravines. Albany Rural Cemetery
and Greig. July, September. The form growing in the latter
locality is nearly black.

PLICATURA 70v. gen.

Hymenophorum descending into the trama. Hymenium con-
tinuous, pliceform ; folds irregular or wavy, edge obtuse.

Plants of a firm coriaceous texture, reviving on the application
of moisture.

This genus is related, by the obtuse edge of the folds, to Cantha-
rellus.on one hand, and by its texture and continuous hymenium
to Marasmius on the other. From Xerotus it is separated by the
irregular character of the folds. The only species at present
known to me in this genus is the epiphytal species here described,

76 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

though it seems to me that Cantharellus crispus should find ,a
place in it as that species certainly is closely related and revives on
the application of moisture.

PuicaturaA ALNI 7. sp. —
Pileus thin, coriaceous, resupinate-reflexed, generally imbrica-
ted, silky-tomentulose, brownish-tawny, the margin sterile; folds
narrow, irregular, interrupted, wavy or crisped, angular, white.
Pileus 8’—12" broad. 2

On trunks of alders. Indian Lake and Center. October.

In color and habit this plant has some resemblance to Cantha-
rellus crispus. It is somewhat flabby, and in drying, the folds to
some extent disappear, but they soon assume their original size
and shape on the application of moisture.

MARASMIUS STRIATIPES 7. Sp.

Pileus convex, smooth, even, pale alutaceous; lamelle rather
broad, subdistant, rounded behind, attached, white; stem equal
or slightly thickened at the base, firm, hollow, distinctly striate,
pruinose-tomentose, whitish with an abundant white mycelium.

Plant 2/-4’ high, pileus 2’ broad, stem 2"-3" thick. Ground
among leaves in woods. Greig. September. !

MaRASsMIUS ANOMALUS 7. Sp.
Pileus thin, convex, smooth, reddish-gray ; lamellz close, nar-
row, rounded behind and united with each other, free, whitish or
pallid; stem equal, hollow, smooth or slightly pruinose, pallid,
reddish brown at the base.

Plant 1'-2’ high, pileus .5’-1’ broad, stem 1" thick. Sticks
among leaves in woods. Catskill. July.

It resembles Jf. plancus from which it may be separated by its:
smooth stem and free lamelle.

MARASMIUS PERFORANS /7.

Fallen leaves of spruce trees, Abies nigra. Sandlake and
Greig. August and September.

Marasmitvs canpipus /7.
Fallen leaves. Greenbush. July.

MARAsMIUS PAPILLATUS 7. Sp.

Pileus submembranaceous, convex, then expanded, with a small
umbo or papilla, obscurely striate on the margin, dirty white or
gray, sometimes with a pinkish hue; lamelle narrow, close,
attached, with a slight decurrent tooth, white or yellowish; stem

Reporv or THE BoraNIST. 77

slender, firm, hollow, colored like the pileus, pruinose, deeply
rooting.

Plant 1’—2' high, pileus 4"—10" broad, stem .5" thick. On rotten,
mossy logs in woods. Sandlake and Greig... September.

MARASMIUS DECURRENS 2. sp.

Pileus thin, convex, minutely tomentulose, grayish or tawny ;
lamellee arcuate-decurrent, subdistant, narrow, tapering toward each
end, whitish with discolored edge, interspaces rugose-reticulated ;
stem slender, firm, equal, gray, minutely tomentulose.

Plant subczespitose, 1’—2’ high, pileus 4’—6” broad, stem .5” thick.

Ground in a shaded ravine. Albany Rural Cemetery. July.

A species remarkable for the peculiar characters of the lamelle.
It is apparently allied to Mf. claveformis.

MARASMIUS PULCHERRIPES 72. Sp.

Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, distantly striate,
dry, smooth, of a soft maroon or vinous red color; lamellee few,
distant, narrow, ascending, free; stem tough, smooth and shining,
brownish-black, clear red at the top. ,

Plant 1’-1.5’ high,-pileus 2’—4” broad, stem not half a line thick.

Sticks and acerose leaves among moss in woods. Garrisons.
June. (Plate 4, figs. 19-22.)

The transition from the black to the red portion of the stem is
sudden and well defined. The free space at the inner extremity
of the lamellze is red like the apical part of the stem.

MARASMIUS FILOPES 2. Sp.

Pileus membranaceous, convex, distantly and obscurelysradiate-
striate, subumbilicate, white ; lamellee few, distant, attached, white ;
stem smooth, elongated, thread-like, flexuous, inserted, whitish,
sometimes brownish at the base.

Plant gregarious,1/—1.5” high, pileus about 1” broad, stem scarcely
thicker than hog bristles.

Fallen leaves of balsam trees, Abies balsamea. Indian Lake.
October. (Plate 4, figs. 27-29.)

A remarkably slender and delicate species. There are about a
half dozen lamelle with now and then an intermediate short one.

PANUS SALICINUS 7. Sp.

Pileus firm, thin, convex, deflexed or subpendant, hygrophanous,
minutely farinaceo-tomentose, pinkish-gray ; lamella moderately
broad and close, converging to an excentric point, dark ferrugi-
nous ; stem very short or obsolete, obliquely attached to the vertex
of the pileus. |

78 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Plant gregarions, pileus 4-6” broad. Trunks of dead willows,
Salie discolor. Center. October.

Born: BICOLOR 2. SD. .

Pileus fleshy, firm, convex, dry, nearly smooth or pruinose-
tomentose, dark red, tubes plane, attached, small, angular, sub-
compound, short, bright yellow becoming ochraceous, slightly
changing to blue when wounded ; stem subequal, firm, solid, dark
red, sometimes yellow at the top; spores narrowly elliptical, 53455’
long; flesh bright yellow, unchanging when wounded; taste
pleasant.

Plant closely gregarious 2’ high, pileus 2’ broad, stem 4’—6” thick.
Ground in open woods. Sandlake. August. (Plate 2, figs. 5-8.)
The tubes are not more than 1’ long in our specimens Allied to
B. sulfureus, but very different in color. |

BoLETUS GRACILIS 2. Sp.

Pileus convex, dry, smooth or most minutely tomentose, ochra-
ceous-brown; tubes plane, subfree or depressed about the stipe,
small, subrotund, whitish then pale flesh-colored; stem slender,
equal or slightly tapering upward, solid, marked. with slender,
elevated lines which anastomose and form very long narrow reticu-
lations ; spores flesh-colored, 3,47’ long.

Plant 4/6’ high, pileus 2’ broad, stem 3'—4" thick. Ground in
woods. Garrisons and Greig. June. September.

Closely allied to B. felleus, but the plant is much more slender,
and the character of the reticulations is quite different.

e
PoLyYPorus PORIPES //7.

Ground. New Baltimore, Howe. Sandlake. August. A
large tufted species with the pores running far down on the stipe.

Potyporus FRONDOsSUS /7.
Buffalo. Clinton.

PoLYPORUS GLOMERATUS 2. sp.

-Pileus of a corky texture, densely imbricated, nearly plane,
uneven, minutely velvety-tomentose, dark tawny, similarly colored
within and obscurely zonate, united behind in a large irregular
mass; pores nearly plane, small, angular, greenish-yellow with
purple tints, the mouths whitish inclining to yellow, at length
dentate-lacerate; spores bright yellow, globose, 5,1,,’ in diameter.

Plant forming masses a foot long and 2’ or 3’ thick, the pilei
A’—1.5' long, 2’ or more broad.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 79

On a prostrate trunk of a maple tree, Acer saccharinum. Indian
Lake. October.
The central mass was much eaten by the larvee of insects.

Potyportvs rysiarnosus Losth.
Trunks of deciduous trees. Indian Lake. October.

Portyporvus MArainatos £7.
Stumps and old trunks of trees. Indian Lake. October.

_Potyrorts Frumosus /?.
Old stumps. Hoosick Falls, Rensselaer county and Indian Lake.
September and October.

Potyporvs BETULINUS /7?.

Trunks of dead birches. Common in swamps and mountainous
districts. September, November.

The lower surface or hymenium is frequently rough with nume-
rous acicular projections, making the plant look like a Hydnum
when viewed horizontally.

Potyrorus casius #7. .
On dead shrubs. Indian Lake. October.

Potyports zonatus 7.

Dead branches. Greenbush. The specimens are very dark
colored.

‘PoLyporvs VELUTINUS F7.
Old stumps. Greig. September.

Potyporus ELonGAtTus Berk.

Prostrate poplar trunks. Thurman. October. It resembles
P. laceratus.

Potypvorus ViticoLa /7.
Dead grape-vines. Greenbush. October.

Poryrorus VAILLANT /?.

On wood in cellars. Albany. November and December. Our
specimens, when fresh, have a strong odor.

Potyporvs vesicuLosus B. & C.
Old logs. Johnsburgh, Warren county. October.

Potyprorvus CorticoLa 7. ‘
Rotten wood. Center. October.

80 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

TRAMETES SEPIUM Berk.
Oak fence rails. Greenbush. October.

HypnuM FERRUGINEUM 7.
Ground. Sandlake. August.

Hypnum zonarum Batsch.
Fallen branches. Albany and Trenton Falls. September.

Hypnvum pituyvopHitum B. & C.
Rotten wood. Johnsburgh. October.

KWEIFFIA SETIGERA L7.
_ Dead branches of alders. Center. October.

KNEIFFIA CANDIDISsSIMA B. & C.
Rotten wood. Indian Lake. October.

ODONTIA FIMBRIATA £7.
Dead grape vines. Greenbush. October.

PHLEBIA RADIATA /7?.

Beech logs in woods. Buffalo. Clinton. Greig and Indian
Lake. September, October.

Puuesia zonara B. & C.
On poplar trunks. Greenbush. October.

TREMELLA FOLIACEA (ers.
Stumps and old logs. Buffalo. Clinton. Greenbush. July.

GUEPINIA SPATHULARIA /7.
Beech logs. Greig. Buffalo. Clinton.

STEREUM ALBOBADIUM Schw. “
Stumps and trees. Greenbush. October.

Stereum Courtisu Lerk.
Oak trees and branches. Greenbush. October.

STEREUM RUGOSUM /7?.

Prostrate trunks of trees. Sandlake and Johnsburgh. August,
October.

CorTICIUM INCARNATUM /7,
Dead trunks and branches of trees. Greenbush. October.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 81

Corticium Liqgumamparis BL. & C.
Poplar trunks and branches. Greenbush and Center. October.

CorTICIUM SALICINUM J.

Dead trunks and branches of willows, especially Saliz discolor.
Buffalo. Clinton. Center and Indian Lake. October.

One of the prettiest species of the genus. Large specimens
sometimes have the hymenium reticulated with vein-like eleva-
tions.

Corticium scureLLatum Bb. & C.
Branches of trees. Fort Edward. Howe. Greenbush. July.

Cortictum Rusicota B. & C.
Stems of the blackberry. Greenbush. October.

‘Cortiorum Avupertanum Mont.
Bark of dead pine trees. Greenbush. October.

CRATERELLUS LUTESCENS /7.

Swamps. Sandlake and Greig. August and September.
t is sometimes so much lobed and imbricated on the margin
that it has a roseate appearance.

THELEPHORA CORALLOIDEs F?.
Ground in open woods. Greenbush. July.

THELEPHORA TUBEROSA (rev.
With the preceding.

THELEPHORA CARYOPHYLLZA /?.

Damp shaded ground in a ravine. Albany Rural Cemetery.
duly.

THELEPHORA SEBACEA /7.

_ Inernsting grasses, leaves and small plants. Catskill mountains.
July.

CLAVARIA FLAVA /7.
Ground in woods. Albany Rural Cemetery. July.

CLAVARIA CINEREA ull.
With the preceding. July.

~Craveria Konze 27.
Damp soil near swamps or'streams. Sandlake and Greig.
August and September.

6

82 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

CLAVARIA APICULATA //7,

’ Very rotten mossy hemlock logs. Sandlake and Greig. Aug-
ust and September.

CLAVARIA CRISPULA L7. |
Rotten wood of deciduous trees. Greig. September.

CLAVARIA TRICHOPUS Pe7s.

Sphagnous swamps. Sandlake. August.

Fries considers this a variety of C. cristata, but it seems to me
to be very distinct and well marked by aus hairy stem, not con-
fluent with the hymenium.

CLAVARIA TETRAGONA Schw.

Ground in shaded places. Sandlake and tele Poughkeepsie,
Gerard. August and September.

CLAVARIA FRAGILIS ae
Shaded ground in ravines. Albany Rural Cemetery. July.

CLAVARIA ARGILLACEA 7,
Ground. Catskill mountains. July.

CLAVARIA MUCIDA Pers.

Soft moist rotten wood. Buffalo. Clinton. Indian Lake. Octo-
ber. A green confervoid stratum overspreads the wood where it
grows. :

OCOLAVARIA SPINULOSA Pers.

Ground under pine trees. Sandlake and West Albany. August,
October.

CLavARIA LiguLa Lr.
Ground in woods among fallen leaves. Helderberg mountains.

CALOCERA CORNEA //7.

Rotten wood and fallen branches. North Greenbush and Greig.
Buffalo. Clinton. July, September.

CALOCERA PALMATA 7.

Old beech logs. Greig and Indian Teale: September a
October.

OCaALocERA viscosa /7.
Rotten stumps in woods. Sandlake. August.

REPORT oF THE BOTANTST. 83

EXIpIA REPANDA /7.
Dead branches of deciduous trees. Common. Spring and
autumn.

N 2MATELIA NUCLEATA /7.
Decaying trunks and branches of deciduous trees. Johnsburgh
and Center. October.

N £MATELIA ATRATA 2. SD.
Flat, effused, pallid or brownish, at length black ; nuclei numer-
ous, scattered or close, rather large, often rugose and umbilicate

soon black.

Dead branches of bass wood, Zilia Americana. Helderberg
mountains and Greenbush. May.

Very distinct by reason of the black nuclei.

CypHELLA FuLVA B. & PR.
Dead branches of alders) Common. October and November.

_ PHatwvs mpopicus £7.
Ground among leaves. Buffalo. Clinton. Thurman. October.

Corynires Ravenetu Berk.

Ground. Albany Rural Cemetery.

Our plant has a very strong odor and is not at all attenuated
toward the base—particulars in which it does not agree with the
description, but they are scarcely to be regarded of specific
importance.

A species of Corynites, possibly the same as this, has been found ~
near Utica by Judge A. 8. Johnson and Hon. Horatio Seymour,
but I have seen no specimens.

GEASTER MINIMUS Schw.
Grassy ground. Knowersville, apes county. May.

LycoPERDON ATROPURPUREUM Vit.
Grassy ground. West Albany, October. A single specimen.
LycoPERDON MOLLE Pers.
Swamps. Sandlake. August. This is thought by some to be
a variety. nue gemmatum, but it appears to me to be quite
distinct.

\
LycoPERDON SUBINCARNATUM 7. Sp.
Peridium globose, sessile, bursting at the apex by a circular
aperture, rough, with equal, close, subpyramidal, persistent brown-

84 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

ish scales or granules; spores greenish-ochre, filling almost the
entire cavity. |

Plant 6”—10” in diameter, generally of a pinkish-brown color,
with but little cellular tissue at the base. The peridium is more
thin than it is in £. pyriforme, but not so brittle.

- Rotten wood in woods. Sandlake and Greig. August and
September. :

ScLeRoDERMA Bovisra £7.
Grassy ground. Greenbush and Albany. July.

STEMONITIS FUSCA /eoth.

Rotten wood. Buffalo. Clinton. Helderberg mountains.
June. Darker colored than S. ferruginea.

ARCYRIA PUNICEA Pers.
Rotten wood. Greenbush. July.

TricuHia pyrirormis Hoffm.
Rotten wood and bark. Buffalo. Clinton. Center. October.

TRICHIA CHRYSOSPERMA DC.
Among mosses. Sandlake. August.

Tricura varia Pers.
Bark of an old log. Helderberg mountains. May.

TRICHIA SERPULA Pers.
Rotten wood, etc. Buttalo. Clinton. Center. October.

DipymMiuM squaAMuLosuM A. & SN.
Bark of dead branches. Sandlake.

DicryDIUM MAGNUM 2. sp.
Peridium globose, thin, fragile, irregularly reticulated, purplish-
blue, pruinose; stem elongated, filiform, whitish or straw color;
spores globose, black, 355’ in diameter.

On some effete Polyporus and wood impregnated. with its myce-
lium. Center. October.

The stems are 4’’—6” long, and in the dry specimens they become
twisted and entangled so that it is difficult to separate a plant from
the cluster. ‘The peridia are about ;4/ in diameter, rupture irre-
gularly, are iridescent and look like small clusters of miniature
grapes or little blue berries.

Report or THE BovTaNnisv. 85

Mycroruyrium Smtiacts De ot.
Dead stems of Smilax. Sag Harbor, L. I. and Garrisons. June

and July.

LEPTOSTROMA VULGARE J.
Dead stems of herbs. Buffalo. Clinton. Greenbush. June.

PHomMa AMPELINUM B. & C.

Dead stems of grape vines. Sandlake and Greenbush. June
and July.

Proma LipERATUM B. & C.
On fallen pine leaves. Center. October.

PxHoma MENISsPERMI 7. sp.

Perithecia small, scattered, elevated, black, shining, seated on_
the inner bark, bursting through the epidermis, spores minute.

Dead stems of Menispermum Canadense. Greenbush. Novem-
ber.

Little white spots remain where the perithecia are broken
away. Sometimes, in a favorable light, little elevated lines may
be seen extending trom one perithecium to another.

SrpHERONEMA SUBTILE /7.
Rotten wood. Buffalo. Clinton.

SPH#RONEMA SUBULATUM L7.
Decaying Agaries. Helderberg mountains. June.

SPHERONEMA PRUINOSUM 2. Sp.
Perithecia scattered, seated on the inner bark, erumpent through
the epidermis, elongated-conical or short spiniform, blunt, black,
pallid or yellowish at the base, more or less pruinose: globule

hyaline; spores large, oblong, =)457’ long.
Dead branches of Amelanchier Canadensis. Garrisons. June.
The branch is roughened by the projecting perithecia, which
are sometimes so pruinose that it appears to be dotted with little
white spots.

SPHZRONEMA CorYLI 2. sp.

Perithecia innate in the exterior bark, very numerous, minute,
slightly elevated, truncated, black, easily separating from the
matrix; spores oblong or elliptical, ;,4;;' in length.

Dead branches of Corylus Americana. West Albany. July.

The perithecia are rather fragile, and when moist are easily
compressed on the slide of the microscope, so that the jointed fila-
ments which enter into their structure are plainly discernible.

86 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

SPH#RONEMA ACERINUM 7. sp.

’ Perithecia innate in the bark, bursting through the epidermis,
conico-hemispherical below, with a long, slender, more or less
flexuous or curved point above, black or brownish black; spores
elliptical, generally with one or two pellucid nuclei.

Dead trunks and branches of the red maple, Acer rubrum.
Greenbush, Sandlake and Indian Lake. April, October.

The perithecia are numerous and somewhat seriately placed.
Their bristle-like points give to the branch a hispid or strigose
appearalce.

SPH#ROPSIS PULCHELLA B. & C.
Dead branches of sumach, especially of /?hus glabra.

SPHZROPSIS ANOMALA 2. Sp.

Perithecia ceespitose, black, seated on the inner bark and burst-.
ing through transverse chinks, ostiole papillate; spores oblong,
asin’ long. |

Bark of dead cherry trees. Albany. £2. Prescott.

The aspect of this species is that of Zympanis conspersa Fr.,
but the fructification is that of a Spheeropsis.

SpH#RoPSis MENISPERMI 2. Sp.

Perithecia numerous, prominent, black, at first covered by the
epidermis, which at length bursts, ane the apex of the peri-
thecia ; spores oblong, +44;7/ long.

Dead stems of Menispermum Canadense. Greenbush. Novem-
ber. Buffalo. Clinton.

The stem is roughened by the prominent perithecia, and the
epidermis of the bark gives them a shining appearance.

VERMICULARIA DEmatium /7.
Dead stems of herbs. West Albany. May.

VERMICULARIA OVATA Schw.
Dead stems of herbs. Greenbush. May.

Discosta ArtrocrEAS /7.
Fallen oak leaves. Greenbush.

Mertancontum Bicotor lVees.
Dead branches of the wii birch, Betula populifolia Center.
June.
Discetia ogpscura B. & C.
Dead branches of Acer spicatum. Knowersville. July.

Report or THE BovAaNIST. 87

CoRYNEUM CLAV-ESPORIUM 2. Sp.

Spores long, slightly curved, club-shape, obtuse, multiseptate,
seated on a hard, subglobose, black disk.

Dead branches of ash trees, Fraxinus Americana. Knowers-
ville. May.

The spores easily break from the disk, which then might be
taken for a Sclerotiwm. The articulations of the club sometimes
contain paler subquadrate spaces within which is a globule or
nucleus.

NEMASPORA AUREA /?.

Dead branches of Carpinus Americana. Greenbush. May.
The spores in our specimens form a globule rather than tendrils.

Nemaspora Russetitn Bb. & C.
Dead branches of locust trees, Lobinia pseudacacia. Albany.
June.

Seproria VioLz Desm.
Leaves of Viola cucullata. West Albany. May.

Seprorta Purycrznorwes BL. & C.
Dead stems of Asparagus officinalis. Knowersville. June.

Seprorta Hierocasrant B. & Br.
Leaves of “sculus Hippocastanun. Albany. June.

SeproriaA Nana B. & C.

Early or radical leaves of Nabalus. Buffalo. Clinton. Green-
bush and Sandlake. May. )

SEPTORIA ERIGERONIS 2. Sp.

Spots small, orbicular, distinct, rarely confluent, arid, surrounded

by a dark brown or blackish line ; perithecia minute, black on the

upper surface of the leaf; spores thread-shaped, simple, =,’ long
or more.

Leaves of Erigeron annuum. Greenbush. July. The spots
are 1-2” in diameter.

Seproria LOBELLE 7. sp.

Spots orbicular, frequently confluent, arid, of a pallid or pale
eream color, surrounded by a broad, blackish or brownish-purple
margin; perithecia minute, numerous, close, black, appearing on
‘both sides of the leaf; spores thread-shaped, simple, =.45'-1 77’
long. |

8S TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Leaves of Lobelia spicata. Nassau, Rensselaer county. June.
The spots are generally 1’—2" in diameter. The colored margin
is usually paler as it recedes from the spot.

CyTISPORA MELASPERMA 7.
Dead branches of birches. Sandlake. May.

Cytispora PARVA B. & C.
Dead branches of Leobinia pseudacacia. Garrisons. June.

Cytispora CoryneowEs B. dé CL
Dead grape-vines. Greenbush. July.

CytisPoRA HYALOSPERMA J/7. |
Dead branches of Acer rubrum. Sandlake. May.

ToRULA POPULINA 7. sp.

Spore threads aggregated in minute tufts, situated on the under
surface of the leaf, on arid, orbicular, distinct or sub-confluent |
brown spots, with one to three strictures, breaking up into obleng-
elliptical, subacute spores.

Leaves of Populus grandidentata. Luzerne, Warren county.
June. |

The spots have a dark, well defined margin and a reddish-brown
color on the upper surface of the leaf. At first sight, they suggest
the idea of a Depazea or a Septoria.

Urepo Heurantut Schw.
Leaves of Helianthus. Buffalo. Clinton.

Urepo AsPipiotus n. sp.

Spots yellow or greenish-yellow, oblong, acute at the ends, often
slightly curved, usually distinct and limited by veinlets, sometimes
confluent; sori small, rotund, a little elevated, one to three on each
spot, on the upper surface of the frond; spores yellow, ovate or
pyriform, z+,’ long, a little more than half as wide.

Fronds of Phegopteris Dryopteris. Catskill mountains. July.
(Plate 1, figs. 18—20.)

At a little distance the fronds on which this fungus grows appear
as if infested by a yellow scale insect, so exactly do the spots
resemble the shape of some species of Aspidiotus. U. Filicum
has subglobose spores and the sori occur on the under surface of
the frond.

UreEpo AtcIDIOIDES 7. sp. :
Spots obliterated, sori amphigenous, bullate, small, scattered or
close; spores globose, at first covered by the epidermis, then sur-

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 89

rounded by its ruptured remains, bright yellow or orange, z5'57'
in diameter.

Leaves, petioles and stems of Amphicarpea monotca. Common.
June and July.

When the sori are evacuated, the rather firm epidermis walls
remain, forming a little cup with a narrow mouth and resembling
the cups of some species of eidiwm.

TricHopasis [RmIcOoLA n. sp.
Sori amphigenous, rotund, oval or oblong, rarely linear, a little
elevated, surrounded by the ruptured remains of the epidermis;
spores globose, minutely echinulate, brown, ;,j5,’ in diameter.

On both sides of living and half dead leaves of Jris versicolor,
frequently occupying nearly the whole surface of the leaf. Sand-
lake. September. “(Plate 3, figs. 17-19.)

Uredo Iridis Schw. is described as having yellow-ferruginous
spores, and is placed in his section “ Rubigines, ” whereas, our
species would belong to his section “ Fuscescentes et Nigr edines.”

Tricuopasis Gaui Lev.
Leaves of some Galiuwm. New Baltimore. June. Howe.

Tricnopasis Laprararum Lev.
Leaves of Calamintha Clinopodium. Buffalo. Clinton.

TRICHOBASIS SUAVEOLENS Lev.
Leaves of Canada thistle. Common. June and July.

Usritaco toneissima Zul.
Leaves of Poa aquatica. West Albany. June and July.

Our specimens are not as dark colored as the European ones we
have seen, and the spores are a very little larger.

Ustrizaco Montacner Zul.
Spikes of Rhynchospora alba. Sandlake. August.

LecytHea Rosa Lev. |
Leaves of rose bushes. New Baltimore. Howe. c

Uromycrs Potygoni Fuckel.

Stems of Polygonwm aviculare. New Baltimore. Howe.
Sandlake. November.

The species is remarkable for the long thick pedicel, which is
sometimes four or five times the length of the spore. A central
nucleus is generally visible in the spore.

90 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Uromycers Caricis 1. sp.

Sori small, rotund or oval, generally scattered and distinct ;
spores varying from globose to elliptical or oblong pyriform, brown,
zHop'—tolsy’ long; pedicel usually very long, slender.

Under surfaces of leaves of Carex stricta. Center. Noveinber.

URoOMYCES APPENDICULATA Lev.
Pea leaves. Buffalo. Clinton.

Uromycss sonipa, B. d& C.
Leaves of Desmodium. Buffalo. Clenton.

PILEOLARIA BREVIPES BL. & C.

Leaves of poison ivy, Lehus Toxicodendron. Common. July,
September.

I have recerved specimens of this species from Howe, Gerard,
and Clinton.

AREGMA OBTUSATUM 7”.

Leaves of Potentilla Canadensis. Poughkeepsie. Gerard.
Saratoga. September and October.

Pouccrnta Noui-ranceris Cd.

Leaves of Jmpatiens pallida. Cherry Valley. Otsego county.
October.

Pouccinta Gatiorum Lk.
Leaves of Galsum. Buffalo. Clinton.

~Puccrnta Poryeonorum Lk. |
Leaves of Polygonum amphibium. Buffalo. Clinton.

Puccmta EMAcULATA Schw.
Leaves of Panicum capillare. Greenbush. October.

Pucornta striota Lk.
Leaves of Scirpus Eriophorum. West Albany. October.

Poucornta Convoitvuyti B. & C.
Leaves of Calystegia sepiwm. Poughkeepsie. Gerard. Buf-
falo. Clinton. North Greenbush and Sandlake. September and

October.

Poucornta Prrot# Cooke.
Under surface of leaves of Polygala paucifolia. Buffalo.
Clinton. Sandlake. May.

Report oF THE BoranIstv. O1

The sori sometimes occupy the whole under surface of the leaf.
Their black color contrasts beautifully with the light color of the
spot.

PuccrnIA TRIPUSTULATA 2. SP.

Spots very small, angular, distinct, yellowish; sori. hypogenons,
few, distinct; spores broadly ovate or sub-triangular, tripustulate,
scarcely constricted, brown, =4,’ long, about =,’ in diameter ;
pedicel short or obsolete. , | !

Under surface of leaves of the blackberry, Lubus villosus.
Greig. September. (Plate 3, figs. 14-16.)

A remarkably distinct species. There are usually from one’ to
five sori on each spot. There are three prominent points or angles
to each spore, one at the apex, two at the base of the spore. To
one of the latter points the pedicel is attached. The other is
sometimes considerably removed from its neighbor, so that it
appears to be almost lateral. A little pellucid pustule usually
crowns these points, and sometimes two may be seen on the apical
prominence. ,

PUCCINIA MINUTULA 7. Sp.

Spots suborbicular, scattered or confluent, yellow, with a purple
or brown center; sori situated on the center of the spot, very
small, crowded, black, covered by the epidermis; spores oblong,
acute or acuminate, rarely obtuse, slightly constricted, ,4,’/-1,'

long ; pedicel generally shorter than the spore.

Under surface of leaves of Solidago altissima. Catskill moun-
tains. July.

The sori under a lens look like some small Spheria. Allied to
P. virgauree.

Poccrnta GERARDII 7. sp. |

Spots orbicular, distinct or sub-confluent, yellow, depressed
above, bullate below ; sori crowded, matted together, or confluent,
tawny or amber-brown; spores oblong-clavate, distinctly constrie-
ted, obtuse, 4,’ long, pedicel nearly as long as the spore.

Under surface of leaves of Aster simplex. Poughkeepsie.
Gerard. Greenbush. July.

The different color and matted appearance of the sori separate

this species-from P. Asterts Schw.. Sometimes the sori are quite
plentiful on the superior surface of the leaf.

ZEciwium Berzerivis Pers.

Leaves of barbery, Berberis vulgaris. Buffalo. Clinton. Cats-
kill July.

92 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Atcipium Ertcnronatum Schw.
Leaves of Hrigeron strigosum. Center.

AXCIDIUM TENUE Schw.

Leaves of Hupatoriwm ageratoides. Catskill mountains. July.
Peridia sometimes beautifully circinating.

AXcipium Prensremonis Schw.
Leaves of Penstemon pubescens. Buffalo. Clinton. June.

Atcipium THALIcTRI Grev.

Leaves of some Ranunculaceous plant. Butfalo. Clinton. This
species is as beautiful as it is rare. June.

Aicripium RanuncuLAcEARUM DC.

: Leaves of some Anemone or Ranunculus. Buffalo. Clinton.
July. This is clearly distinct from 4. Ranunculi Schw.

Aficipium EurpHorBLE-HYPERICIFOLLE Schw.

Leaves of Euphorbia hypericifolia. Buffalo. Clinton. J uly.

Acrwium Urtica DC.
Leaves of Urtica dioica. Poughkeepsie. Gerard.

AXcipium OsMORRHIZ.2. sp.

Spots yellowish, frequently on the midveins: ; peridia hypogenous,
clustered or seriated along the veins, sighs elevated, with the
margin subentire, incurved ; spores subglobose, yellow, becoming
pale, 57’ in diameter ; spermogonia central, on the same side.

Leaves of Osmorrhiza brevistylis.. North Greenbush. June.
The peridia are visible on the opposite side in the form of little
tubercles as in 4’. tenwe.

AXciw1um Marta-WIiisont n. sp.

Spots orbicular, yellow ; subiculum not thickened nor excavated ;
peridia small, slightly elevated, subcircinating, numerous, the
margin distinctly scalloped and reflexed ; spores subglobose, orange
becoming pale, zs'5y’-azey7' In diameter.

Under surface of leaves of Viola cucullata. West Albany.
June. Dedicated to Miss Mary L. Wilson.

This species is quite distinct from 4. Viole in the character of
the subieulum, smaller spores, peridia, En The latter species is
common on V. pubescens.

Aonim Mentua DC.
Leaves of some Labiate plant. Buffalo. Clinton.

Report or THE BorTAnisv. 93

fEcrpium [rivis Gerard in lit., n. sp.

Spots oval or suborbicular, yellow; peridia amphigenous, short,
seriately placed; spores bright orange, zs4y9’—-ip/py’ in diameter ;
spermogonia abundant, central, amphigenous.

Leaves of /ris versicolor. Poughkeepsie. Gerard. Buffalo.
Clinton.

The peridia are equaily abundant on both sides of the leaf, and
are mostly arranged in lines between the veinlets of the leaf,
characters by which this species may be easily known.

Acrwrom Atitent Clinton in lit., n. sp.

Spots large, indefinite, yellowish ; peridia hypogenouns, elongated,
cylindrical, white, nestling among the tomentum of the leaf;
spores bright orange, subglobose, zy!yy' in diameter.

Leaves of Shaner dia Canadensis. Buffalo. Clinton. June.

A fine species, dedicated to Dr. T. F. Allen. The spots are
visible on the upper surface of the leaf, but are concealed by the
tomentum on the lower surface.

Rastevia cornvura Tul.

Leaves of Crategus, Amelanchier Canadensis and Pyrus
Americana. Poughkeepsie. Gerard. Greenbush.

Sritpum Ruois B. & COC.”

Branches of hus glabra. Garrisons and Greenbush. June,
October.

STrLBUM PELLUCIDUM Schrad.
Rotten wood of deciduous trees. Indian Lake. October.

STILBUM GIGANTEUM 2. Sp. _
Stem firm, stout, black, equal or slightiy tapering upward, single
or ceespitose, surmounted by a soft, viscid, whitish, subglobose
io = . . . 1
head ; spores minute, elliptical, about ;54,,’ long.

Old logs in woods. Buffalo. Clinton. Catskill mountains and
Greig. September and October. (Plate 3, figs. 7-9.) The stems
are 3/5" high.

Fusarium ERUBESCENS B. & C.
Dead branches. Center. October.

TUBERCULARIA NicRIcans DC.
Dead branches of apple tree, elder, ete. Center. October.

Orpium FRUCTIGENUM (Ze.
On old plums. Sandlake. October.

Q4 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

SEPEDONIUM CHRYSOSPERUM /7.
On some species of Boletus. Indian Lake. October. |

7

MownortospoRA TRISEPTATA 7. Sp.

Stem erect, straight, septate, gradually tapering upward, sur-
mounted by a single broadly elliptical triseptate black spore; the
two central spore cells colored, the two outer ones smaller and
colorless or diaphanous. |

Rotten wood. Greenbush. June. (Plate 1, figs. 14-17.)
‘To the naked eye the wood occupied by this plant appears to be
- coated with minute black sete.

HELVELLA CRISPA /7.

Ground among fallen leaves in woods. Greig. September.
Buffalo. Clinton.

HELVELLA suLcATA Afz.

Among moss at the base of a tree. Greig. September. Only
a single specimen was found. |

Hevewyia Exastica Bull.
Rotten wood in woods. Greig. September.

HELVELLA GRACILIS 7. Sp.

Pileus thin, somewhat irregular, slightly depressed in the center,
entirely free from the stem, pale yellow above, white and rugose-
reticulated beneath ; stem long, firm, solid, nearly straight, wavy-
uneven, slightly tapering at the top, whitish or dull cream color,
with white mycelium at the base; spores elliptical.

Ground in open woods. Catskill mountains. July.

Allied to H. Infula, but a more graceful species, with simple
spores. In H. Jnfula the spores have each two nuclei.

Loria circinans Pers. |
Ground in foe North Elba. August.

GEOGLOSSUM LUTEUM 7. Sp.
Club distinct from the stem, smooth, compressed, generally with
a groove on one side, luteous, often becoming brown at the- apex ;
stem equal or slightly enlarged above, stuffed, luteous, minutely
scaly ; spores oblong, slightly curved, in a double row, z/59/-s4y)
long.

Among moss, on and about rotten stumps. in swamps or damp
woods. Sandlake. August. (Plate 3, figs. 20-24.)

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 95

Perziza Fusca Pers.

Rotten wood and dead branches in damp places. Helderberg
mountains and Greenbush. June.

PxzIzA RUBRICOSA /7.

Ground. Highlands. June.

Perziza vinosa A. & SNS.
Rotten wood. Greenbush. June.

PrzizA MOLLIsIoIDEs Schw.
Base of Vaeciniwm corymbosum. Greenbush. October.

Prziza Ertnacevs Schw.
Rotten maple trunk. Indian Lake. October.

Pxziza comata Schw.
Fallen leaves ina swamp. Sandlake. August.

PrzizA HEMIsPHERICA Wagg.
Damp ground and rotten wood. Catskill mountains. July.

PEzIzA EZRUGINOSA /7?.
Rotten wood of deciduous trees. Buffalo. Clinton. Sandlake.
August.

PxEzIzA ECHINOSPERMA 2. Sp.

Cups slightly concave, sometimes irregular, orange, becoming
paler, whitish externally, smooth, 1/—2” in diameter, spores globose,
echinulate; paraphyses slender, orange.

Damp ground in pastures. West Albany. June. (Plate 3,
figs. 10-13.) :

PEzIZA RUBRA nN. sp.

Cup subglobose, at length hemispherical; mouth narrow, often
irregular ; spores broadly elliptical, without any nucleus; plant
smooth, red throughout, 2’-3” in diameter.

j sat ground. Top of the Highlands. June. (Plate 2, figs.
9-21.

PEZIZA CARIOSA 2. SP.

Closely gregarious; cup sessile, thin, flattened, sligh tly concave,
smooth, black, dark brown with a reddish tinge when moist; mar-
gin distinct, flexuous or angular in large individuals; spores, sim-
ple, oblong.

96 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Plant scarcely half a line broad. Rotten wood. Catskill moun-
tains. July.

Rezizk Dina as.
Gregarious, minute, cup sessile, concave, externelle densely
white villous, the disk pale yellow or cream colored, often con-
cealed by the inflexed hairs. |

Dead branches of Zilia Americana. Knowersville. July.
Very different from P. téliacea Fr. The largest cups are scarcely
half a line broad.

Prziza Prrsoontr Moug.

Stems of Hguisetum hyemale. Center. November and May.

Our plant is generally sessile and often crowded or tufted in its
mode of growth. When moist it is much expanded and flattened
on the disk. Further observation may show it to be a distinct
species.

NopvLARIA 70v. gen.
Receptacle fleshy, margined ; disk dusted with the spores ; asci
large, fixed ; paraphyses present, nodose or sub-moniliform.

This genus is intermediate between Pezzza and Patellaria. From
the former it is separated by the dusted hymenium and nodulose
paraphyses, from the latter by the presence of paraphyses. The
name is derived from the Latin nodulus, and is given in allusion
to the little knots of the paraphyses.

NopvuLARIA BALSAMICOLA %. Sp.

Cups flattened, sessile, scattered or somewhat confluent, often
irregular, with a distinct, more or less flexuous, incurved margin,
externally pinkish white, slightly silky-villous; disk luteous, incli-
ning to reddish or orange, whitish-dusted under a lens; asci large,
clavate, obtuse, somewhat irregular or flexuous; paraphyses sub-
flexuous, with two or three mondlitorm nodes at the top; spores
globose, echinulate.

Dead branches of the balsam fir, Adbzes balsamea. Indian Lake.
October. (Plate 4, figs. 23-26.)

The cups are 1’’—2” in diameter and are attached by a little point
which penetrates the bark.

DERMATEA FURFURACEA /7.
Branches of alders. Center. October and November.

PATELLARIA ATRATA /7.
Rotten wood. Buffalo. Clinton.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. Q7

TyMPANIS ALNEA Pers.
Dead branches of alders. Buffalo. Clinton. Sandlake. June.

Spuinorrina Cerasr BL. & C.
Gum of cherry trees. Buffalo. Clinton. Sandlake. June.

Crenanaium Orrasi 7.

Dead trunks and branches of cherry trees, especially Prunus
Pennsylvanica. Sandlake and Center. June, November.

CENANGIUM TRIANGULARE Schw.
Dead oak branches. Greenbush. :

CrNANGIUM PrRunaAstRiI /7.

Dead branches of plum and cherry trees. Buffalo. Clinton.
Sandlake. June.

HYstrERIUM PULICARE /7.

Denuded wood. Buffalo. Miss Wilson. Dead grape vines.
Greenbush. July.

Hysrrerium Smiiacis Schw.
Dead stems of Smilax. Garrisons. June.

Hysrerium AZALE& Schw.

Dead stems and branches of Azalea nudiflora. Sandlake and
Center. June.

HysrErium vircuirorum var. Acrris Desm.
Dead branches of Acer spicatum. Helderberg mountains. May.

XYLARIA CoRNIFoRMIS /7.
Mossy maple log in woods. Greig. September.

XYLARIA DIGITATA /7?.,
Conservatories. Buffalo. Clinton.

RuizoMORPHA SUBCORTICALIS Pers.

Under bark of dead trees, etc. Buffalo. Clinton. Greig and
Helderberg mountains.

HypocreEa FLoccosa /7.
Under surface of the pileus of Lactarius torminosus. Greig.
September.

HyPpoxyLon concentricum Polt.
Rotten wood and dead branches. Common.

t

98 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Hypoxyton Howkianum n. sp.

Globose sessile, covered with a bright red crust, which is thickly
punctate with minute black papillate ostiola, at length dull yel-
low or black, 3”-6” in diameter; perithecia peripheric, crowded,
ovate, black, shining; stroma dense, blackish-bronze, shining, not
at all or only very obscurely zonate, radiate-fibrous.

Fallen branches of some deciduous tree. Center. November.

Allied to H. fragiforme in its red crust and ovate perithecia,
but it differs in its larger size, punctate, not tuberculose, surface, —
smaller spores, etc. 3 1

a

Hyroxyton PERFORATUM Schw. |
Dead branches of birch trees. Catskill mountains. July.

HypoxyYLon ARGILLACEUM /7.
Trunks of beech trees. Sandlake. June. Buffalo. Clinton.

Hypoxyton Braumonti B. & C.
Denuded wood of acerose trees. Helderberg mountains. May.

Hypoxyton Morsrn 2B. & C.

Dead branches of alders. Sandlake and Center. Spring and
autumn. . |

HypoxyLON ANTHRACODES //7.

On a prostrate trunk of Zilia Americana. Trenton Falls.
September.

Necrria Prziza F?.

Old stumps and rotten wood. Greig and Indian Lake. Sep-
tember and October.

NECTRIA INAURATA B. & Br.
Stem of Celastrus scandens? Buffalo. Clenton.

VALSA PULCHELLA /7.

Dead trunks of cherry trees. Sandlake. June.
A pretty species, but nearly concealed by the epidermis of the
bark.

VALSA SALIcINA L7,
Dead branches of willows. Buffalo. Clinton. West Albany.
May.
VALsA LEUCosTomA /7,

Dead branches of apple trees. Buffalo, Clinton. Sandlake.
October.

Report or tHE BoraNnIstv. 99

Vasa Pint /7.
Dead branches of pine trees. Sandlake. June.

SPH RIA ACULEANS Schw.
Dead branches of sumach. Sandlake. June.

SpuHariA Tinie F?.
Dead branches of Zilia Americana. Helderberg mountains.
May.
SpH#RIA OOTHECA B. & C.
Denuded wood. Buffalo. Clinton.

SPHAERIA GYRoSA Schw.

Buffalo. Clinton.

Spra#ria Coptis Schw.
Leaves of Coptis trifolia. Sandlake. June.

SpH#RiA SARRACENLE Schw.
Leaves of Sarracenra purpurea. Sandlake. August. ‘

e

Spuaeta Soripacinis Schw.
Leaves of various species of Ba lidano. Center. October.

-Spuartra Lonaissima Pers.

Dead stems of pigweed, Chenopodium album. Buffalo. Clin-
ton. Albany. June.

SpH#£RIA TAXICOLA 7. Sp.
Perithecia minute, close, black, shining, slightly plewaeed, at
first covered by the epidermis, then erumpent; spores oblong, in a

single series, triseptate.

Occupying the whole upper surface of dead leaves of Taxus
Canadensis. Sandlake. May.

DoruipEA Risesia Pers.
Dead stems of currant. Buffalo. Clinton. Bethlehem and
Sandlake. May.

DoruipEa SameBucr Fr.
Dead stems of elder, Sambucus Canadensis. Buffalo. Clinton.
Center. October.

‘Dornmea crystaLLopHora B. & C.

Dead stems of the Osage orange. Buffalo. Clinton. Albany
~and Riverhead. May and July. 3 4 ee

100 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Dorumera FLABELLA B. & C.
Upper surface of fronds of Pteris aquilina. Center. October.

DoruipEA Preripis /e7s.

Under surface of fronds of Pteris aguilina. Center and Cats-
kill mountains. June, October.

Dorumra ANEMONES Fr.
Leaves of Anemone cylindrica. Center. October.

Popospu aria Cerast Lev. ;
Leaves of cherry trees. Sandlake. August.

ERInEumM rosEum Schult.

Leaves of birches. Buffalo. Clinton. Helderberg mountains
and Nassau. June.

ERINEUM QUERCINUM /(Ze.
Oak leaves. Buffalo. Clinton. New Baltimore. Howe.

/

NEW STATIONS OF RARE PLANTS, REMARKABLE VARIETIES AND
OBSERVATIONS.

Hepatica AcuTILOBA DC.

I find the young leaves of this species much more fully developed
at flowering time, than those of //. trzloba. They are also subject
to the attacks of a fungus, Polycystis Ranunculacearum, but I
have never found those of . triloba thus affected, even when
growing in the same locality.

Drantuus ArmeErta L.

Roadsides. Nassau.

Hreiscus Trionum L.*
Newark, Wayne county. &. ZL. Hankenson.

CLAYTONIA VirGiInica L.

Specimens from Newark, sent by Mr. Hankenson, have alternate
leaves.

Napatus racEMosus Hook.
Scarsdale, Westchester county. Extremely bitter. J. S. Mer-
7IamM. . 2
LoBELIA CARDINALIS ZL.

Mr. Merriam finds the white-flowered form on Long Island.
No specimens sent. s | :

* This plant was erroneously mentioned on page 56.

Repor’ oF THE BoO’ANIST. 101

Primovta Mistassinica Micha.
Portage. Clinton.

FracGaria vesca L.
The white-fruited form of this species is abundant in Skanea-
teles. S. WV. Cowles. It also occurs in Nassau, Rensselaer county,
‘and in Bethlehem, Albany county. By cultivation, the appear-
ance of the plant is considerably changed. The flowering stems
become elongated and dichotomously branched above, the primary
division is subtended by a well developed leaf and the fruit is pro-
duced throughout the season. It would make a fine addition to
the ordinary varieties cultivated by gardeners.

JUNCUS ALPINUS V. INSIGNIS /7.
Sodus Point, Lake Ontario. Hankenson.

DANTHONIA COMPRESSA Aust.
Mr. Cowles sends specimens exactly intermediate between this
species and LD. spicata, whence it is probable that the former is a
variety of the latter dependent on locality.

PoLYPoDIUM VULGARE v. Campricum ZL.

“Indian Brook,” near Cold Spring. iss Sarah P. Monk. A
sterile but most interesting variety.

ASpIpIUM ACULEATUM Vv. Braunu Koch.

Stony Clove, Catskill mountains. Discovered there by J. H.
Redfield. This locality is evidently very favorable to the growth
of ferns. In July last, the following nineteen species were observed
while passing along the road, about the distance of half a mile, and
in no case going more than four rods from it.

Polypodium vulgare L. Aspidium spinulosum Swartz.
Adiantum pedatum LZ. . 3 marginale Swartz.
Pteris aquilina Z. va acrostichoides Swartz.
Asplenium thelypteroides Jz. A. aculeatum Swartz.
A. Filix-foemina Bernh. Struthiopteris Germanica Welld.
Phegopteris polypodioides ee. Onoclea sensibilis Z. .

: Dryopteris Fee. W oodsia Ilvensis 2. Br.
Sr atoptoris bulbitera Bernh. Dicksonia punctilobula Aze.
C. fragilis Bernh. Botrychium Virginicum Swartz.

Aspidium Thelypteris Swartz.

The whole number of species now known to belong to the State
is forty-four, excluding the doubtful inhabitant Lygodiwm palma-
tum. "It will thus be seen that nearly half our species occur in the
“Stony Clove.”

BotTrycHIuM LANCEOLATUM Angst.
This rare fern occurs on an island in Lake Mohegan. Leggett.

‘
102 TWHNTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

SpHacnum WoLFIANUM Gorgen.
Fertile specimens were found in August.

Dicranum RUFEscENS Zurn.
This species occurs as far north as Johnsburgh, Warren county.

HoMALIA GRACILIS James.
Mount Seward. MV. Colvin.

GrimmiA Otneyti Sulliv.
Top of the Highlands.

Crerraria Isnanpica v. Derista1 Scher.
Top of Mount Marcy. It approaches C. aculeata in appearance.

PHYSCIA CILIARIS V. ANGUSTATA Zuck.

Goat Island. ss Walson.

BIATORA RUBELLA V. SPADICEA Zuck.

Buffalo. ss Wilson.

BIATORA RUBELLA V. ScHWEINITzZU Tuck.

Balsam firs. Buffalo. Miss Walson. Lindi Lake.

AGARICUS MUSCARIUS /7.

A white variety, with the pileus thickly studded with sharp
warts, occurs in Albany Rural Cemetery. July.

AGARICUS GRANULOSUS Batsch.

A large firm variety, with a well developed, persistent annulus
and attached lamelle, grows on old logs in woods. Greig. Sep-
tember. |

AGARICUS MELLEUS Vahl.

Very abundant in the woods of Greig, growing in large tufts
and eaten by some animal, probably deer.

Acaricus CAMPANELLA Batsch.

Two varieties are found in the woods about Moose River Settle-
ment. One has a yellow pileus, the other is’ papillate, scarcely
umbilicate, and has the stem slightly sprinkled with yellowish dust.

CoprRINUS ATRAMENTARIUS Aud.

A variety with both pileus and stem somewhat scaly, and the
former quite viscid was found in an alley in Albany. It occurs
also in cellars.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 103

Lentinus Lecomtet (7.

I have never seen this plant with the edge of the lamellz ser-
rated or eroded, whence it would seem to “belong rather to the
genus Panus. The trama also is clear ly present in it.

Bouetvus Epuuis Bull.

A singular form was found in Greenbush with the pileus deeply
lacunose, the tubes not rounded at the stem, but forcibly torn
away from it by the expansion of the pileus and the stem ofa dull
lilac color with distinct reticulations. Is it specifically distinct?

Ra@stTELIA LACERATA Sow.

Fine specimens were found on the leaves, fruit and young twigs
of Amelanchier Canadensis. June.

AREGMA SPECIOSUM /7?.
Dead stems of wild rose. Greenbush.

AREGMA MucRoNATUM /?.
Leaves of Rubus odoratus. Trenton Falls. September.

Cysrorus canpipus Lev.
This species is found on the leaves of Capsella Bursa-pastoris,
Sisymbrium officinalis, Lepidium Virginicum, Dentaria diphylla,
Portulacca oleracea, and Amarantus retroflexus.

| Poposporrum Ricium Schw.
Dead stems of Ampelopsis quinquefolua. Schoharie. June.

Prziza AuRANTIA 7.
Abounds on black muck soil in woods at Moose River. Septem-
ber.

Hypocrza Ricuarpsoni Bb. & MW.
Common on dead branches of poplar trees, but always sterile
with us. /

HypoxyLON MULTIFORME /7.
This very rarely occurs on bark.

104

(5)

Genus—CLAVARIA JZ.

TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Plant fleshy, erect, homogeneous, simple or branched ; hymenium

dry, occupying nearly or quite the whole surface.

The name of the genus is derived from the Latin clava, a club.
Some of the species are club-shaped, others are branched above in

such a manner as to resemble a miniature tree or shrub.

The

following is a synopsis of the species at present known to occur in

the State.

a. Stems branched.

DO DOLAS MITC n+ tod AE atti dens Batt di aca
2. Plant yellow (luteous, ochraceous, ete.) .......
3. Stem stout, much and irregularly branched. .
4, Apices of the branches red... 2.74) ye ae

4. Apices of the branches yellow...........

3. Stem slender, dichotomously branched......
2. Plant white or cinereous (no shade of yellow). .
5. Stem smooth, color cinereous..............
6. Apices of the branches obtuse (concolorous)

6. Apices crested, acute (at length brown)...

5. Stem hairy, apices of the branches acute....
5. Stem smooth, color white.................
1. Spores ochraceous (plant some shade of yellow or
ochre). 5 "> LO whale Bachan De aie eae
7. Plant terrestrial (growing on the ground or
among Leaves) ‘i. si isis e, «teri gieie = eR

8. Apices of the branches obtuse, concolorous. .
8. Apices acute or acicular, white ............
7. Plant epiphytal (growing on rotten wood, logs,
(S]LGH BS CREME TAP MED OE Mite women Nec onc Hatred coke:

g: ‘Acie concolorous (1.e., ochraceous like the rest
OW (NG TOVAIE) 30's sch urea: oie bye ape haan Mae cei

10. On wood of acerose trees, branches
SEPALU eee ok ale lane bd cnet vet by

10. On wood of frondose trees, branches flexu-

OLS Dri crac e's wether. cael y OIE ies

9. Axils becoming cinnamon colored, branches
Si VICI TaN MRR MERON ACMA AR AE Ry actos ti

b. Stems simple (rarely once divided, or with one
or two branches.)

11, Groningen, butts or clusters sora cots 17 copardaicen:
12s) Serb. Ve ULO Wate e ts ht soe tamienneueeeCe 3 eriets cease tae

13. Clubthollow;\ mostly peu lare cow wc gies) 3

13. Club stuffed, irregular or compressed......

12. oP Taian yy latte vor’ winitis iia )e egies ares euteiches

14. Clnb and stem distinct, color dingy.......

14. Club and stem confluent, color pure.......

9

3

4.
Borrytis
FLAVA
TETRAGONA
5

6

CINEREA
CRISTATA
TRICHOPUS
KunzeE1

7

8

AUREA
SPINULOSA
9

10
APICULATA

CRISPULA

STRICTA

12
13
FUSIFORMIS
IN ZQUALIS
14

ARGILLACEA

FRAGILIS

Report or THE BovraNISstv. 105

Bt. Growing singly. omedattored .) joc ol espa aie sipaieie a 15
tear lant terrestrial. ..'.........,<. pe AT ahaa lk 16

AG. Club feshiy, obttigens ye hii niim hpunlais tts evs 0' 17

17. Naked at the base, 6”-12” thick ........ PISTILLARIS

17. White mycelium at the base, 2”—4” thick, Lieuna

Poe ka HAT OT AGUEE js oy «leo doa seiait bens ates JUNCEA

15. dant epinkgaa his sheds adt y Whaatirs «2 MUCIDA

All the white-spored branched species given in the preceding
table are terrestrial. C. trechopus I have found only among
sphagnum. C. cristata rarely occurs with branches obtuse, and
not crested. C. spinulosa rarely may be found without white tips
to the branches, but in every instance of such exceptional forms
coming under my observation, they have been associated with a
great abundance of the normal form. C. ¢newqualis grows especi-
ally in swamps and sometimes singly. It is quite fragile. C.
mucida is remarkable for the green contfervoid stratum that covers
the moist rotten wood on which it grows.

Genus—AACIDIUM Pers.

Peridia tubular or cup-shaped, at length open at the top with the
margin lobed or lacerated ; spores subglobose, colored.

The peridia normally occupy the lower surface of the leaves of
plants, sometimes scattered over the whole of that surface, but
more often collected in little orbicular clusters. They open at the
top, revealing the globose or ovate, yellow or orange-colored spores
within, and are not inaptly termed ‘‘ Cluster cups.” The margin
of the cup or peridium is generally fringed or scalloped with little
rounded, reflexed lobes. The subiculum or spot on which the
cups are seated is usually more or less discolored, yellow and red
being the prevailing hues. The spermogonia, minute pustules
which occur with the cups and are thought to be the male plant,
are not always readily detected. They usually occupy the center
of the spot on one or both sides of the leaf. More than thirty
species of Al’cidium have been found in the State, of which the
following is a synopsis.

a. Peridia scattered over the whole under-
surface of the leaf, or over indefinite portions

of it.

do) Peridia chert, nakeds 2. ous hers). G D)
2. Mouth with a few (3-5) distinct lobes ........ QUADRIFIDUM
2. Mouth entire, indistinctly or many lobed..... 3
3. Leaf green above, scarcely discolored. .... 4
4, Spermogonia numerous, distinct ....... 5
5. Mouth wide, lobed ; leaf rungulose above ...... RaAnuncuti

5. Mouth at first narrow, with an incurved, sub- |
entire margin; leaf not rugulose............ AROIDATUM

4. Spermogonia few, indistinct or none.... 6

106 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.
6. Mouth of the numerous equal peridia distinctly
LODE.) «ss eadher stetatananetenarchine! he’ -hetehiantacace cata ena EPiLosit
6. Mouth of the few unequal peridia not distinctly EUPHORBLA-
LODE... hanes tasers see EE Oe een, SRR mae HYPERICIFOLLE
3. Leaf plainly discolored’... )). -: 2.4 ..41.0. :
7. Leaf yellowish, not thickened ; peridia large. . |CLAYTONIATUM
7. Leaf brownish, generally thickened ; peridia not
large: Po Rae. Se penitam veer fem thee HovstonratuM
1. Peridia elongated, nestling in the tomen-
tum of the leaf |... oie, hie 8
8. Peridia few, crowded or scattered............ GNAPHALIATUM
8. Peridia numerous, not crowded.............. ALLEN
b. Peridia in definite spots or clusters.
9, HMilomewted 2 oe ats wsjee reas eee eee a 10
10. Seated on a thickened subiculum........ UL
11. Spots brown or chestnut-colored ............ FRAXINI
HAS Spots Peds, «fad ioeis aed ayein wt ienete a Olen aaa BERBERIDIS
10. ‘Subiculum notithickened\i!c).. 77 legdieiiens 12
12. Peridia extending to. the margin of the spot. . 13
13. Many, in ene roundish clusters........ THALICTRI
13. Few, loosely placed on orbicular spots... MACROSPORUM
12. Peridia central on a yellow spot with sterile
THATS y 2. 0 CR oe Cet Ree eee HYDNOIDEUM
9. Short or subammersed nti uil cue Bee 14
14. On’a thickened subiculum............. 15
15: Spots ‘distinet, vellows i. x chu sou) a eet 16
16. Small on the leaves, larger and most often
on the petioles, which are thickened
and -distortedgy shiek ess . capeataen. SAMBUCI
16. Most often on the leaves, and as large as }
on the slightly thickened petioles. .... VIoL&
15. Spots more or less red or purple, not clear
VOM OWS i. aR a ragss dokits (m bbl Ao eee cl ates 17
17. Pale red, oe or petioles. sometimes
tHiGkKene Foals coshecheyounks eR EE CLEMATITIS
17. Chestnut-colored or reddish-brown...... 18
iL Peridia extending to the margin...... Myricatum
Peridia. central. Gays, ah aeiite. ets Liwont
vT Yellowish stained with fea or purple .... PUSTULATUM
15. Spots obliterated sii, J Ons We 4 teen ae 19
19. Petioles often attacked and much distorted, Urticz
19. Petioles not distorted )..5...22.2-udekei 20
20. Peridia wide-mouthed, crowded....... RANUNCULACEARUM
20. Peridia narrow-mouthed, spores ellipti- .
oi) sa OLR Se IBS Cs AER ARS 77 MENTH&.
14, Subiculum not thickened .............. 21
91. Spots yellow, with no tinge of red or
PUN ple’s Mc's. 2s Oe Reise a, Whe alert ah 22

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 107

22. Peridia mostly in series ; on both sides of the

Ree eT ICME: oe ope hb dee aA Irivts
22. Peridia not in series; on the under side of the
Ream el. HUME Ee spac sk RN SA 23
23. Spots large and generally confluent ... 24
24. Peridia crowded ...... 0000.08.00: PopoPHyYLtt

24. Peridia not crowded, irregular placed, Ericrronatum
23. Spots small or medium, generally dis-

MCE EMME ear sais ee aw a ete eas 25
Perio ralereu Toe. se Se es ss 26
26. Crowded, leaf not pustulate on the
opposite sides. a. 2 PTY RG 2a) H&E LIANTHI
26. Loosely placed, leaf distinctly pustulate
on the opposite side ..... ae ote ee De TENUE
. Peridia extending to the margin............ 27

27. Peridia distinctly lobed on the margin, Martz—Witsont
27. Peridia indistinctly lobed, mostly seri-

ated along the mid-rib............ OsMORRHIZE
27. Peridia indistinctly lobed, not seriated, ORoBI
21. Spots more or less stained with pur-
PG Or PE? Jia Piss Oli aD. 28
Spots large, pustulate, the center purple or
beowin cpa eos sien Seth eae IMPATIENTIS
. Spots medium or small, scarcely pustulate ... 29
29. Centrally red or purplish.............. 30
. Mostly on the margin of the leaf or of its lobes, GERANII
Pon atiy part or the leato. 342... . 2... ees 31
31. Peridia crowded, extending to the mar-
Visgetani EAGAN. cesicg. 4 Whoa S grcvdte aiandye GROSSULARLE
31. Peridia central, few, mostly less than
tweety Gyr hi 2o ee oes dP A CoMPosITARUM
31. Peridia central, many, mostly more
than taventyus wah eris 2. baa’) oak. PENSTEMONIS
29. With a red dash extending from the spot
to the margin of the leaf; peridia
numerous, crowded ............-. (ENOTHERE

Some of the foregoing species are variable and will not in all
cases rigidly agree with the characters here given, but a few
explanations and a list of the plants on which the species are
_ found, will remove nearly or quite all difficulties in tracing them.

Aividium Berberidis sometimes has short peridia. I have seen
but a single dried specimen of 4. Clematitis which is on a thick-
ened petiole or stem. The color of the spot is taken from the
description. JI have seen but few poor specimens of &. Ovobi,
and am not quite sure that they are rightly referred. 2. Impa-
tzentis sometimes has the spots entirely yellow, and the same is
true of 4&. Geranit and 4. Compositarum. dv. Geranw also
peeely ee a purplish or yellow dash extending to the margin of
the lea

108 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

AKeidium quadrifidum DC. grows on .. Anemone nemorosa.

fA. Ranuneuli Schw. ... Ranunculus abortivus.

AL Aroidatum Schw. s .. Ariszema triphyllum.
var. Caladu Schw.. “ .. Peltandra. Virginica.

AB. Epilobii DC. Af .. Cknothera biennis. _

AA. Euphorb.-hypericifolie “ .. Euphorbia hypericifolia.

AB. Claytoniatum Schw = “ .. Claytonia Caroliniana.

AK. Houstoniathm Schw. “ .. Houstonia purpurea.

AN. Gnaphaliatum Schw. ‘“ ... Gmnaphalium decurrens, ete.

JK. Allenii Clinton, .. Shepherdia Canadensis.

Ati. Fraxini Schw. si .. Fraxinus Americana.

Ab. Berberidis Pers. sf .. Berberis vulgaris.

AN. Thalictri Grev. A .. Ranunculacee.

Ad. macrosporum P&. ea .. Smilax rotundifolia.

At. hydnoideum B. &C. “ .. Direa palustris.

AK. Sambuci Schw. iy .. Sambucus Canadensis.

ithe Viole Schum. § .. Viola pubescens.

AA. Clematitis Schw. a .. Clematis Virginiana.

AB. Myricatum Schw. F .. Myrica cerifera.

Ati. Limonii PA&. i .. Statice Limonium.

LE. pustulatum Curt. : .. Comandra umbellata.

fA. Urtice DC. 6 .. Urtica dioica.

AA. Ranunculacearum DC, ‘ .. Ranunculaces.

AB. Menthe DC. a .. Labiatee.

Ad. Iridis Gerard. 7 .. Iris versicolor.

AB. Podophytli Schw. is .. Podophyllum peltatum.

At. Erigeronatum Schw. ‘“ .. Erigeron strigosum.

Aki. Helianthi Schw. if .. Helianthus.

AE. tenue Schw. ‘ .. Hupatorium ageratoides.

fA. Mariz—Wilsoni Pk. “ .. Viola cucullata.

Ad. Osmorrhize Pk. — .. Osmorrhiza brevistylis.

AK. Orobi DC. sf .. Trifolium repens.

AB. Impatientis Schw. ‘¢ .. Impatiens fulva.

A. Geranii DC. rf .. Geranium maculatum.

LA. Grossularize DC. E .. Ribes.

AE. Compositarum Mart. ‘* .. Composite.

AK. Penstemonis Schw. u .. Penstemon pubescens.

AB.

(Enotherze Pk. éf .. CHnothera biennis.

In the paper marked (4), when ne name is added to the station or
stations, the plant has been found therein by the writer. Dates
signify the time of collecting the specimens, and therefore indicate
to some extent the time of occurrence of the plant.

A continuation of the coéperation of the Botanists of the State,
in the investigation of our Flora, is earnestly solicited.

Respectfully submitted.

CHAS. H. PECK.
Axupany, January 11th, 1871.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS—NO. IL.

I, ON THE LARVA AND IMAGO OF SESIA DIFFINIS, Hazzzs.
By J. A. LINTNER.

The larva of the above Sphinx, nearly mature, was taken in the
vicinity of Albany, July 4th, feeding on Dvervilla trifida (bush
honeysuckle). The following description represents it at maturity:

The head is oval, with small whitish points. The body tapers
moderately anteriorly, and on the last three segments; the vascular
line is distinct, and of a brownish shade; the dorsal region is greyish-
pink; the lateral region yellow-brown, deepening into reddish-brown
below the stigmata; the ventral region is brownish-red; midway
between the vascular line and the stigmata is a pale yellow line,
proceeding from the posterior portion of the collar, and terminating
in the horn. The granulations of the collar anteriorly are yellow;
those of the body are white and double-rowed upon the first annulet *
of each segment, arranged rectilinearly on the last annulet, and
irregularly on the intervening ones. The stigmata are oval, black-
bordered, and with a white dot at each end. The legs and prolegs
are unicolored with the ventral region. The caudal horn is reddish,
straight, acutely granulated, and measures two-tenths of an inch in
length.

* In the Sphingide, and in some other families of the Lepidoptera, the segments of the larvee are
divided by impressed encircling lines into several (usually eight) subequal parts, which, by Clemens
and others, have been denominated wrinkles. In consideration of their constant character and
marked features, it would seem proper that they should be known by a name impiying less of irreg-
ularity and chance, and, regarding them as subdivisions of the primary ‘‘rings”’’ of the larva, I
have, accordingly, in these notices, designated them as annulets.

In the Sphinges, the segments four to ten inclusive, or all the stigma-bearing segments, except the

_two terminal, are divided into eight of these annulets (on segment four the two anterior are not
readily detected). The first three annulets encircle the body, forming complete rings ; the impressed
lines which define the remaining five become obsolete over the prolegs. The position of the stigma
is uniformly between the third and fourth annulets, somewhat encroaching on the latter. In some
of the species, the first annulet is subdivided laterally.

These annulets are a prominent feature in the ornamentation of the larva. of Ceratomia quadri-
cornis Harr., where each one is crowned with an elongated papilla, forming, in combination, the

conspicuous dorsal row of papille or fleshy serrations which imparts so marked a character to that
peculiar larva. - :

110 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

The larva measures one inch and six-tenths in repose. When
observed from above in this condition, its head is not visible, being
bent downward in such a position that its plane is almost parallel to
the surface on which the larva rests.

The above larva fed for a day after its capture, when it fastened a
leaf, by a thin irregular web of brown silk, to the side of the glass
beneath which it was confined. Within this slight shelter, it trans-
formed to a pupa on the day following, the 6th.

The imago (a female) emerged on the morning of the 19th of July,
after a pupation of thirteen days. Before the wings had expanded,
their entire surface was covered with scales. In fifteen minutes from
the time of its escape from the pupa-case, the wings had attained ©
their full size. They remained folded together over the back, show- |
ing their under-surface for a half-hour following, when they were
brought down to their normal position. They were now seen to be
overspread with light brownish scales having a golden reflection,
but so thinly distributed that the usual transparent portion of the
wing was plainly separable from the densely scaled marginal region.

Desirous of securing so novel a specimen in a perfect condition, I
intended to leave it undisturbed for a few hours, until the danger of
bleeding from too early pinning had passed. Meanwhile, the strong
rays of the sun had encroached upon that portion of the breeding-cage
where the moth was resting, and driven it to a shaded corner. In
this change of position, its wings, after the habit of many of the
moths at this stage, were probably put in vibration, but not used in
flight about the cage, for the cilia and thoracic scales were intact ;
yet this moderate use of them sufficed to destroy the peculiar beauty
of the specimen, by divesting it of the greater portion of the very
slightly attached scales. Upon the anterior wings, only those
remained which bordered the nervures and posterior marginal band.
Over the posterior wings, they were still uniformly distributed, but
not so closely as at first.

It will be interesting to those who have the opportunity of making
the observation, to ascertain which of our Sesias emerge from their’
pupal state, with scales coverjng that portion of their wings which
we are accustomed to see as transparent. Sesea Buffaloensis Gr. &
Rob., is known to do so in both sexes, and to retain them, to a small
extent, when taken in a comparatively fresh condition in the field.
While the adherence of the scales in this species is stronger than in
S. diffinzs, in no field specimen of which have I ever seen them remain-

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 111

ing even along the nervures, yet their attachment is very slight, for
with the utmost care, | have never succeeded in preparing S. Luffa-
loensts ex larva, without an attendant loss of many of its scales.
Field collections of Sesia gracilis Gr. & Rob., regarded as “ perfect,”
show none of these scales.

S. diffinis appears to be eminently a day-flier, for I have never
taken it at twilight when others of its congenors and of Thyreus have
been abundant. In 1869, I captured it twice on lilac blossoms, but
it was usually met with hovering over flowers in open spots, particu-
larly those of Lupinus perennis. It was observed at Center,
N. Y., during the year 1869, on May 25th, 27th, June Ist, 3d, 7th,
9th and 15th. The earliest date of its capture which I have
recorded, is May 12th. Its usual time of apparition, in this State,
would seem to be the last week of May. It has, as appears from the
above larval observations, a spring and a summer brood; the latter,
in seasons not unusually forward, may be expected about the last of
July, extending into August.

The female appears to be quite rare. Among a considerable number
of captured individuals of the species in my collection, not a single
female occurs. Belts

112 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
I]. TRANSFORMATIONS OF SESIA BUFFALOENSIS, Gz. avo Roz.

An egg of the above comparatively rare Sphinx was found on the
snowball (Viburnum opulus), at Schoharie, N. Y., August —, 1868;
it was nearly round, smooth, and of a pale green color. The time
of its hatching was not noted.

The young larva was of a uniform whitish-green, with a straight,
dark brown caudal horn.

Its first molt occurred August 24th: Length, 15-100ths of an inch;
color, uniform pale green, of the shade of the midvein of the leaf.
Body, under a simple lens, showing a number of delicate hairs. Cau-
dal horn, brown, smooth and straight. When in position for the
next change, its length was 32-100ths of an inch, and its diameter
4.100ths of an inch.

Second molt—Angust 30th: Length, 35-100ths of an inch. Head
uniform pale green, with short, fine whitish hairs. Body, slightly ©
hairy, pale green, with a lateral stripe of yellow green; segments
with a yellow-green dot in front on each side of the vascular line,
and a few smaller ones on the posterior half. Caudal horn straight,
nearly cylindrical, light red, striped anteriorly near the base and
tipped with brown, and spotted with brown intermediately ; borne
at an angle of about forty degrees. 3

At this stage the larva died from injuries received from some
larger ones with which it was confined in a small box while their
supply of food had become exhausted. The collection of three other
larvee of the species from the same bush, after their first molting,
afforded the opportunity of continuing its history.

Third molt (six days after their preceding one), on August 24th:
Length, one-half inch. Head granulated. Collar bordered anteriorly
with about twelve small tubercles. Body with features as before
recorded, and in addition, minutely papillose. Caudal horn light red,
regularly tapering from base to tip, covered with spinules which
anteriorly and posteriorly have black bases. Stigmata deep orange,
with a yellow-green dot at each end; those of the proleg-bearing
segments bordered before with a deep orange line. Legs at the base
marked with black; prolegs on the outer side, and body beneath on
the last two segments, pale red.

Fourth molt —six days later, on August 30th: Length, 65-100ths
of an inch; breadth, 18-100ths. Head green, of the shade of the lower

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. aks:

side of the leaf, its surface appearing shagreened under a lens, marked
with indistinct lateral stripes, and dotted with whitish granulations,
which diminish in size toward the center; mandibles yellow, black
tipped ; eyes on a fuscous crescent. Collar with whitish granulations,
except on the anterior margin where they are orange. Body greenish-
white dorsally, with a vascular line of rose-pink interrupted at the
incisures ; a lateral stripe of yellow-green papille of one to each:
annulet, edged above with darker green, and below with green
shading deeper to the prolegs; lateral papille greenish-yellow; ven-
trally, from the fourth segment to the posterior extremity, concolor-
ous with the vascular stripe. Caudal horn curved, rose-colored, tipped
with ferruginous, with fuscous spinules anteriorly and posteriorly.
Stigmata crimson, white-dotted at the extremities, and surrounded
with rose. Legs and prolegs ferruginous basally, next fuscous, and
rufous terminally.

As the larva approaches maturity, it becomes more white dorsally,
the red of the vascular stripe changes to white, and the red sur-
rounding the stigmata disappears. With the distention of the skin,
the papillz change to whitish ocellations.

On September 6th, the above larvee commenced constructing their
cocoons under leaves drawn against the sides of the glass in which
they were confined. The maximum length of the cocoons is one inch
and one-half. The silk of which it is composed is of a bronze color,
and in so small a quantity as to permit the larva to be distinctly
seen through its meshes. On the 11th, they changed to pupe of a
chestnut color, broadly bauded with testaceous at the incisures.

The pupze, after wintering in a cold apartment, were transferred
early in April to a warm.room. On the 26th of April, from the
three pupz, two males and one female were disclosed. The * vitreous
space”’ in the wings of each is thinly covered with scales.

On September 19th of the following year, another of the larve
was taken from the same snowball, which made its cocoon on the
day following. In the month of September of the two succeeding
years, leaves were noticed which had probably been eaten by this
larva, indicating it to be an annual visitant of this particular shrub.
I have collected the imago also at Utica, N. Y.

8

114 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Ill. ON THE LARVA AND PUPA OF THYREUS ABBOTIT SWAINSON.

Male larvu.—Head large, of the diameter of the first segment,
subquadrate, shagreened, two broad stripes of brown on the front,
behind which is a subtriangular whitish patch, occupying all the
lateral portion except a small patch of brown posteriorly ; the clypeus
half as long as the head. Collar pale yellow, divided on each side
by a narrow dark brown line, which is continued over the fol-
lowing segment. Body reddish-brown, with numerous longitudinal
linings in darker brown; dorsally and extending half-way down the
sides is a series of nine sharply defined, bright yellow spots, which
commence on the second annulet of a segment and extend backward
to the incisure (leaving intermediate transverse reddish-brown bands
of a single annulet), and are convex on their sides; the first spot on
the second segment is triangular, the second is suboval, and the
others of a uniform outline ; en the sides is a stigmatal series of yel-
low spots, one to each segment, of which the first three and the last
three are confluent; the six intermediate ones are of a uniform sub-
triangular outline, the last four of which have their lower rounded
angle reaching downward on the base of the prolegs, their anterior
_angile in range with the front margin of the dorsal spot and touching
the inferior portion of the stigma, and their posterior angle resting
in an ovoid outline on the first annulet of the following segment, or
impinging in a point on the second annulet at a height of the superior
portion of the stigma. On the eleventh segment is a hump, encircled
at the base with a delicate black ring, and surmounted by a vitreous oval
tubercle of a fuscous color melosed by a whitish line, which line is
reflected and continued in a circumscribing circle embracing a black
curved spot on the front and sides of the oval tubercle. From the
base of the tubercle backward to the incisure and ranging laterally
with the adjacent dorsal spot is a yellow supra-anal spot. The
subcordate anal shield is of a yellow less bright than the spots.
The legs are pale red; the prolegs are marked exteriorly with a nar-
row quadrilateral black spot surrounded with a whitish shade. The
ventral region is red, with two rows of pale yellow spots. .

The segmental annulets of this larva differ somewhat from those of
the Sphinx proper, in that the eighth is subdivided so as almost to

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 115

form an additional one, and the first has a depressed line subdividing
it laterally.

The larva from which the above description was drawn, was taken,
July 29th, feeding on the grape-vine. It had nearly matured, mea-
suring two and one-half inches in length.

On the 2d of August, the dorsal spots which were. previously
yellow had changed to brown, and the lateral ones to a sordid
yellow. The larva having fully matured, endeavored to escape
from the jar to seek a place for its pupal chan ge.

August 4th, the larva formed a little cavity on the roles of the
ground, and covered itself with some pieces of leaves loosely spun
together, intermingled with grains of earth. It transformed to a
pupa August 9th.

Pupa.—tThe pupa measured one inch and three-tenths long, by
35-100ths of an inch broad; color, dark brown ; head-case, as seen
from above, prominent, broad, rounded in front, with the eye-cases
projecting; tongue-case buried, extending to the tips of the wings;
antenne-cases, reaching to the end of the middle leg-cases; dorsally,
the second segment is moderately wrinkled; the third is narrowed
medially by the convex margins of the second and fourth segments ;
caudal spine polished, short, bifid, with a rugose, flattened, triangu-
lar base of twice the length of the spine.

The imago from the above emerged on the 5th of April.

The larva of 7. Abbott is peculiarly interesting trom the fact that its
two styles of ornamentation, in marked contrast one with the other,
indicate the sex of the insect, no other instance of which, among the
Lepidoptera, is known to us. The dorsal and lateral series of spots,
yellow as described above, but frequently and perhaps usually of a
pale green color, denote the male; the female being brown, without
any trace of the above spots, but with interrupted, dark, subdorsal
and stigmatal bands and numerous small longitudinal patches.*
The following is a more particular description of it :

Female larva.—Length, two and two-tenths inches; diameter,
thirty-seven hundredths of an inch. Head semi-oval, shagreened, a
medial depressed line superiorly, two broad brown stripes in front,
bordered with paler brown, shading into darker brown behind the
eyes. Body cylindrical, with the three anterior segments tapering ;
dorsally dark brown, shading to lighter on the sides; the annulets
with large, subquadrangular spots of light brown; third, fourth and

* For an excellent representation of this sex see Harris Ent. Corr., pl. iii, fig. 1.

116 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

fifth segments with a bluish shade dorsally ; an indistinct lateral brown
stripe, more conspicuous on the first three segments, runhing into the
head stripe; the first two segments have also a brown dorsal line;
below the stigmata is a brown stripe less distinct than the lateral
one. Caudal tubercle moderately elevated, shining black, surrounded
with dark brown. Caudal shield and plates reticulated with dark
brown. Prolegs dark brown exteriorly, with a light band near the
base. |

In the larve of Detlephila lineata (Fabr.), variations almost as
marked as the above, have been observed and figured by Mr. Riley.*
It is not improbable that these differences may also prove to be
sexual characteristics.

The pupation of 7. Adbdbotec is not uniform, and consequently
diverse statements appear respecting it. Clemens states that it
“takes place in a superficial cell;?’ and in his generic diagnosis that
‘it prepares for pupation on or near the surface of the ground.”
Riley, who has reared the larva, also represents the pupa as “‘ formed
in a superficial cell on the ground.”’+ Harris, in observations on some
of the larvae which he had received, writes, “the green-spotted one
[male] went into the ground; the others [females] * * * chrysalis
on top of ground July 14th.”{ A female brought to me on the
29th of July of the present year, buried in the ground, while the
male described above transformed on the surface.

* Third Rep. Ins. Missowri, 1871, pp. 141, 142, figs. 61, 62.

+ Second Rep. Ins. Missouri, 1870, p. 79.
t Hntomolog., Correspondence, 1869, p. 284.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. arr

IV. ON THE LARVA OF PHILAMPELUS ACHEMON (DRURY).

Egg—F¥ound on the under side of a grape-leaf, July—. No
description was taken, but from recollection, it was of a larger size
than those of other sphinges, and nearly round in form. A few days
before its development, it was irregularly marked with light red.
From the shell having been eaten by the larva after its escape, it
could not be ascertained if the color was permanent, or if the shell
was colorless and transparent, as are.all the sphinx egg-shells which
have come under my observation.

Young larva.—The larva emerged July 10th, measuring 11-100ths
of an inch, and with a uniform light green color. Its caudal horn
‘was very conspicuous, being one-half the length of the body, very

slightly tapering, straight, of a reddish-brown color, and carried

perpendicularly to the body.

First molt.—The time was not noted. No change in appearance
was observed except in size. Previous to its second molting, its
length was 53-100ths of an inch, with a diameter of 3-100ths of an
inch. Color, light green, with white dots on the annulets, a sub-
dorsal stripe of regular white spots, and indistinct lateral bands of

similar spots directed anteriorly. Head of a uniform delicate green,

without stripes or spots. Horn one-fourth of an inch long, dark
reddish-brown, covered with minute cilia, and with a prominent green
base, borne erect, with its tip directed anteriorly ; from the base of
the horn, a reddish-brown line, extending to the anal shield. Legs
green. The anterior segments of the body are moderately enlarged.

Second molt—July 15th. The body marked as in the preceding
stage. The horn of a lighter shade of reddish-brown, and its tip darker
than before; anterior to it, on its base, of which it now occupies the
posterior portion, a small triangular black spot, with its apex in front.

A day preceding its next molting, the larva measured 8-10ths of
an inch in length, with a diameter at the sixth segment of 15-100ths
of an inch. Its fourth, fifth and sixth segments are enlarged. The
lateral stripes are well defined. The lateral bands show indistinctly, -
in a yellow-green spot nearly surrounding the stigma, and in another
anterior to it on the second annulet; the four posterior bands are

more conspicuous than the other two; horn, one-fourth of an inch

long, of a fulvous color, and with its tip curving toward the head.
Third molt—July 22d. Immediately after the change it pre-

118 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

sented the following features: color light yellow-green ; the annulets
of the segments with whitish granulations, of which those on the
lateral portions of the third and fourth segments are annulated with
black; lateral bands, cream-colored, margined with black, having
the characteristic outline of maturity, showing the three component
sub-oval patches, of which the posterior is the largest, and incloses
the stigma except at its upper part. Head smooth, of a uniform deli-
cate green. Horn four-tenths of an inch in length, slender, bending
anteriorly, ciliated, of a light reddish color, merging into a rose-color
at the tip ; its base occupying less than the posterior half of the tubercle ;
anterior to the base is a sub-triangular black wart resting on the erown
of the tubercle—the development of the “small tr ‘oneal black spot”
of the preceding stage; the tubercle is yellow, almost surrounded near
its base with a band, the extremities of which, instead of meeting, curve
upward to the horn posteriorly. Anal shield and plates, legs and
prolegs of a uniform green.

A short time after molting, a change of color was observed, and at
the lapse of six hours it had assumed a salmon color. After a night’s
feeding, it was found to be of a reddish-brown color, deeper than
that which it ordinarily bears at maturity, and in marked contrast
with its former garb. A figure taken of it at this time represents it
as one inch and one-fourth long, 12-100ths of an inch in diameter at
the central segments, and with a horn, 34-100ths of an inch in
length, regularly curving anteriorly from its base to the tip.

Fourth moli—July 27th. Head and body reddish-brown, but of
a lighter shade than before. Caudal horn absent, its former position
on the tubercle indicated by an oval spot having a central black dot.
Tubercle more prominent than in the preceding stage.

The mature larva measured three and one-tenth inches in length,
by one-half an inch in diameter, when at rest, at which time its
small head is nearly hidden within the first segment, which is with-
drawn within the second, over and in range with which projects the
third segment, presenting a front almost perpendicular to the body.
The posterior segment also descends almost perpendicularly from the
tubercle to the terminal prolegs.

The descriptions and figures already published of this larva,* ren-
der a further account at the present unnecessary. The excellent
figure given of it by Mr. Riley cannot fail of securing for it ready
identification.

* Clemens : Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Ph., 1859, p. 155. Harris: Treat. Ins. Inj. Veg., 1862, p. 325, f. 150.

Lintner: Proc. Ent. Soc. Ph., 1864, v. iii, p. 660. Harris: Hnz, Corr., 1869, pl. 3, f. 11. Riley: See.
_ Rep. Ins. Mo., 1870, pp. 74, 75, f. 49.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 119

Y. SMERINTHUS GEMINATUS Say, AND ITS SUPPOSED VARIETIES.

A number of eggs were deposited June 12th, by a pinned specimen
of the above named Sphinx. An average of twelve of the eggs gave
for their longest diameter 74-1000ths of an inch; for their shorter
diameter 57-1000ths of an inch; they were slightly flattened, and of
a pale green color.

On the morning of the 19th, three larvee were found in the box,
and through the transparent shells of the undeveloped eggs (appearing
of a dull green), conld be seen the dark caudal horn of the inclosed
larva, and the-black mandibles busily employed in wearing an open-
ing through the shell’ Two or three had made small openings which
they were engaged in enlarging, by biting off small portions from
the margins.

Young larva.—The young larva was of the length of two-tenths
of an inch. Color uniform pale green. Head subglobular, one-half
broader then the body, with the eyes and mandibles black. Caudal
horn fuscous, lighter at the base, slightly tapering, straight (curving
forward as it emerges from the shell), and carried at an angle of
about 85°.

Larvee continued to emerge during the day, the last appearing in
the evening. Upon willow leaves being given them, they commenced
feeding thereon. On the third day, traces of the lateral bands and a
subdorsal line in lighter green were seen. When disturbed they
threw their body upward, supporting themselves on their terminal
and one or two pairs of prolegs.

On the evening of the 24th, they commenced taking position for
molting. At noon of the following day, one had molted, and by
noon of the 26th all but one had undergone the change, presenting
the following features: |

First molt.—Head triangular, granulated, bordered laterally with
a row of larger granulations which culminate at the apex in two
tubercles. Body with whitish granulations on the annulets: lateral
bands consisting of yellow-green papillee which extend over three-
eighths of one segment and the whole of the two following: subdorsal
line of whitish granulations, indistinct, until before the first lateral
band where it becomes a thoracic stripe of transversely elongated yellow
papille, continuing to the collar. Caudal horn straight, pointed,

120 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

spinous, yellow laterally, brown anteriorly, and with a narrow
brown stripe posteriorly. Legs roseate; prolegs green.

Second molt.—J une 29th, and of the last two larvee, on the 30th (thirty
in all). Length at rest 45-100ths; diameter 11-100ths of an inch.
Lateral stripes of the head rectilinear from the front of the eyes to
the apical tubercles. Body pale green, dorsally whitish green ; in the
lateral bands the first three papille are inconspicuous, and those on
the first three annulets of the two following segments are smaller
than the others and geminate ; on segments one to seven, is a small
red spot placed on the seventh annulet, above the subdorsal and
thoracic lines and anterior to the first four lateral bands. Caudal
horn slightly curved, yellow, narrowly lined with reddish-brown
anteriorly.

On the morning of July 3d, several had taken their position for molt-
ing on the under surface of the leaves, suspended by their terminal,
and one or at most two pairs of prolegs, with their body hanging
downward. On the portion of the leaf beneath them (in most instances
a part of the midvein), for about the breadth of the body and two-
thirds of its length, a shght webbing of silk had been spun to serve
as a foothold. The head was partially withdrawn frem its case,
showing a translucency at the tip, and a corresponding enlargement
and extension of the first segment. The subdorsal lines had disap-
' peared, while the thoracic lines were still conspicuous in their yellow
papille. In the larger number of the larvee, the row of small red
subdorsal spots was quite distinct, especially on segments five to
eight inclusive, where they occupy the seventh annulet and encroach
on the eighth. Length at rest, one inch; diameter 12-100ths of
an inch.

Third molt.—July 4th probably, as when again observed on
the morning of the 6th, all but two had molted, and most of them
had increased materially in size, the largest measuring one ineh and
six-tenths in length. Immediately after the molting, they were one
inch and one-fourth long, by 14-100ths of aninch in diameter. When
their colors had developed, they presented the following appearance :

Lateral stripes of the head, yellow. Lateral abdominal bands and
theracic stripe, pale yellow with whitish papille, the bands occupying
of three segments, three-eighths, the whole, and six-eighths respectively.
Caudal horn straight, acutely granulated, pale violet. Anal shield
with white granulations as the body. Legs roseate. Stigmata ellip-
tical, dark red: above each stigma (except at the extremities) at

ENVOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 19]

about three-fourths its length, is a short delicate hair, proceeding trom
a minute granulation on the fourth annulet, and directed downward ;
beneath the stigma, at a distance of about its length, are two similar
hairs directed backward, proceeding from the summit of a slightly
larger granulation.

On the morning of the 12th of July, quite unexpectedly, it was
found that six of the larve had left the willows, had undergone a
change of color to a sordid apple-green, and were endeavoring to
‘escape from confinement, thereby indicating their having attained
maturity, and a readiness for their pupal change. It was the first
instance which had come under my observation of pupation in the
sphingidee preceded by only three moltings. That the three above
noted, were all that these larve had undergone, was beyond all
doubt, not alone from the careful observations made, but each cast
head-case had been carefully preserved, and of these there were but
the three sets.

Mature larva.—Length at rest, one inch and nine-tenths to two
inches. Color pale green, whitish dorsally. Head triangular, the
apex not rising above the first segment, granulated in pale green
anteriorly and in white laterally; the lateral stripes yellow, having
within them a row of larger granulations increasing in size to the apex,
where the two superior ones are papilliform and of an orange color.
Body moderately tapering in the anterior segments: the seven lateral
bands pale yellow, except the posterior one which is bright yellow,
the anterior one obsolete; their extent, two-eighths to three-eighths,
the whole, and from five-eighths to seven-eighths, respectively, of three
segments: thoracic stripe with pearl white papillee larger than those in
the bands, commencing on the superior portion of the first segment,
and merged into the first lateral band on the fourth segment at its
seventh annulet, midway between the stigmata and the vascular line.
Anal shield and plates granulated, of a darker green concolorous
with the ventral region. Caudal horn straight, sometimes slightly
curved, granulated, violet, with fuscous acute granulations at its tip
occasionally. Stigmata elliptical, red, except the first which is
orange. Legs roseate interiorly, fuscous exteriorly ; prolegs green.

Pupation.—On the evening of the 12th, the above larve were
placed, for their pupation, in a 9x15 box, containing five inclies of
earth mixed with one-third part of hard wood sawdust, and moistened
to a packing consistency. Showing a disposition to travel over
the surface of the ground, holes were made with the tinger in which

\

122 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

they were dropped head downward ; they readily availed themselves
of the assistance, and in a few minutes all had buried themselves out
of sight. On the morning of the 138th, twenty-one additional larve
were ready for pupation, and were placed in the same box with the
above, in which they soon buried themselves; none reappeared
above the ground, as the Smerinthini in most of my experiments in
rearing them heretofore, have shown a tendeney to do, probably
from the omission of such a preparation of the ground as was made for
the present, colony. On the 14th and 15th, the remaining nine
larvee entered the ground and remained therein, in a small box ~
(6x9x4), divided into compartments by card partitions, as a pre-
ventative against interference in the construction of their cells.

Perfect sect. —On the 30th of July, a male imago was found in
the morning to have emerged from pupa, eighteen days after the
first larva entered the ground; on the 31st, five emerged; August
1st, nine (five males and four females); on the 2d, two; on the 3d,
eight (six males and two females) ; on the 4th, four ; on the LOth, two,
and the last. From thirty-six larvee, thirty-one imagines were obtained.

Metamorphoses.—The length of time required for the several
changes above recorded is as follows:

From deposit of egg to disclosure of larva........... | days.
disclosure of larva/to/ first: moltisi9.0) uit see
finest molt, to second, molt... els). 3: cop ba ahaa ee 4
secomel melt to: hind: mOlbiae a iek cele 5
thamelgaolt Co ear tana. 7. cM, cist le ciel sie: een 8
earthing to thegpupa, probably.) 0 i aes ae 5
the pupa torthe mao hye ek satis: ina ae 13
Development of the ovum) intuns ieee eee a
Mevelopmienthof the dairya: x ieyeure.o a bleciors <ysbteue sere 28
Development,of thepupa.. okey): aie cle Seka 13
Development, ot the Imseet. cc. ue oe o's We ee eee eee 48

Double brood.—T hese observations establish the fact not previously
recorded of two annual broods for this species, occurring in the months
of June and August; of these, captures have been made by me as
early as June 9th, and as late as August 16th. It is probable that
the larvee from which are produced the first brood of moths, will be —
found to undergo four moltings. .

Varvety.— Among the above imagines was a female, having but a
single blue pupil on the black ocellated spot of the secondaries.
The occurrence of this variety is peculiarly interesting from the fact,
that from specimens differing from the type of S. gemenatus mainly in

* As observed in Ceratomia quadricornis, Proc. Ent. Soc. Ph., vol. i. p. 291, Sesia Buffaloensis and
Thyreus Abbotii, pp. 113, 115, of this report. j

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 123

having but a single pupil, two other species seem to be based, viz. :
Sphinag ocellatus Jamaicensis of Drury, and Smerinthus Cerisyr of
Kirby.
. Supposed varieties.—Drury’s Jamaicensis is cited by Clemens as a
synonym of S. geminatus, although its habitat is given by Drury as
“ Jamaica.” Grote and Robinson include it in their catalogue of
North American Sphingidee, as a distinet species, * remarking of it
“it seems to us, judging from Drury’s figure and description, quite
distinct from the northern species from the Atlantic district.”+

A careful comparison of Drury’s figure with our variety, leaves
scarcely a doubt of their identity. In the shape of the wings they
correspond closely, the principal difference being in the less rounded
anterior angle of the secondaries of the figure, which difference,
however, is less than that presented in the apices of the primaries of
the figure; showing the representation to be not strietly reliable. It
is probably accidental, that in the markings of the primaries, the
figure conforms more closely to our variety, in the near approach
just below the first median nervule of the two bands crossing the
middle of the wing, than it does to any other specimen of S. gemimatus
which we have seen. The secondaries of the two correspond in their
general color, margins, central red shade, and black spot with its hook
like process running from it to the anal angle, quite as well as could
be expected, from the indifferent execution of the figure: in the
location of the pupil on the black spot, a strict agreement between
the two, is hardly possible, for while in our variety, the suboval
pupil oceupies the superior half of the spot, in the figure the right
hand oval pupil is placed centrally on the spot, and the round left
hand one occupies the inferior portion. The description ¢{ is faithful
to our variety in every particular.

Additional evidence of Drury’s /amazcensis being a simple variety
of S. geminatus, and probably erroneously assigned to Jamaica, may be

* Proc. Hint. Soc. Ph., 1865, vol. v., p. 160.

+ Loc. cit., p. 185.

t Upper side.— Antenne pectinated and brown. Head and thorax soft dun-colored, but dark brown
above. Abdomen dun. Anterior wings delicate fine grayish, light brown next the shoulders and
tips ; the remaining parts being clouded with dark olive brown colors. Posterior wings red in the
middle, but along the external edges dun-colored; having a large black spot placed near the
abdominal corners, the middle of which is blue, and imperfectly resembling an eye. All the wings
are angulated.

Under side.—Breast and abdomen dun. Anterior wings red in the middle, but along the anterior
edges ash-colored, which runs to the tips where it forms a crescent, the inner part being dark olive
brown; the external edges are olive brown, but lighter than the crescent. Posterior wings clouded
with olive brown and’ash-color; having a double ash-colored bar crossing them, which rises at the
anterior edges of the anterior wings, and running circularly, ends at the abdominal edges of the
posterior.— Westw. Drury’s Illus. Exot. Ent., 1887, v. ii., p. 47.

124 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

found in the fact that Mr. Grote has not met with the species in the
“very large entomological material” received by him from Cuba,
constituting the Poey collections, and embracing fifty-four species of
Sphingide, nor indeed with a single member of the tribe of
Smerinthini.* The species could hardly fail of representation in
these collections if it. oceurred in the neighboring island of Jamaica,
a locality, it may be remarked, still more remote than Cuba from the
“ Atlantic district’? (leconte), to which our American Smerinthini
would seem almost to be confined.

S. Cerrsyt of Kirby, the description of which is appended for
comparison,t is, in all probability, a simple variety of S. gemenatus, in
which the superior of the two blue markings has retained its normal
crescentic form, and the inferior one instead of its usual suboval
shape, has also become crescentic—the tips of the crescents approxima-
ting, with their concavities directed toward one another, thus pre-
senting “a black pupil, nearly but not quite surrounded by a blue
iris.’ In some of my specimens, quite an approach to this form is
shown.

Kirby’s figure better represents our species than Drury’s, the pri-
maries being very well portrayed, except in the addition of a moderate
excavation of the external margin, between the second and third
median nervules. The black spot of the secondaries is less extended
toward the base than usual in S. geminatus. In this latter particular
and in the general shape of the spot, the figure approaches the
European WS. ocellatus, though differing materially from that speeies in
the excavated apex of the primaries (acute in oced/atus), and in amore
conspicuous excavation at the posterior angle of the same wings.

* List of the Sphingide, Algeride, Zygenide and Bombycide of Cuba.—Trans. Amer. Hnt. Soc.,
1870, Vv. iii., ps 183. :

+ Body ash-colored: thorax with a large trapezoidal brown spot dilated next the abdomen:
primaries angulated ash-colored, with a transverse series of brown submarginal crescents in a paler
band, between which and the posterior margin is another obsolete paler one; above the crescents is
a straight whitish band, and a linear angular forked one, under the internal sinuses of which the
wings are clouded with dark brown; underneath, the above markings of the wings are very
indistinct: the secondaries are rose-color, paler at the costal and posterior margins; underneath
they are dusky cinereous, with a whitish band coinciding with that of the primaries, a transverse series
of crescents and a dentated brownish band, all rather indistinct: but the most conspicuous character
of the secondaries is a large eyelet situated at the anal angle, consisting of a black pupil, nearly but
not quite surrounded bya blue iris, and situated ina black triangular spot or atmosphere, which
extends to the anal angle, and is surmounted by some blue scales: the abdomen above is dusky ash
colored.

This insect appears to be the American representative of S. ocellatus, from which, however, it
differs considerably. It comes very near S. geminatus (Say, Am. Hnt. i. t xii,) but in that the eyelet

has two blue pupils. Taken in North America, locality not stated.__Faun. Boreali-Americana, 1887,
vol. iv., p. 301.

ENvToMOLOGICAL CON?RIBUTIONS. 125

The omission from the figure of an angle in the margin of the
posterior wings at the submedian nervure, must, we think, be an
error in representation, as also the termination of the anal process of
the black spot, not in the anal angle, but wholly within the internal
margin. Errors so obvious and other probable ones, must necessarily
afford a poor basis on which to sustain a valid species.

Mr. Grote, in his valuable papers on American Sphingide, has
advocated the specific distinctness of Cerisyz.* In one of them he
‘remarks: “The fact that Ceres/d Kirby, is certainly distinct from
S. geminatus Say, an opinion | have entertained since studying
Kirby’s description and figure, has been recently ascertained by the
discovery of specimens, as I am informed by Mr. 8. Calverley.” At
the present [ have no means of determining the character of the
specimens referred to, but I cannot believe that they will prove
to be different trom the exceptional ferm obtained by me from the
deposit of S. geminutus eggs above recorded.

Mr. W. H. Edwards informs me that he has regarded S. Cerisyz
as a distinct form. He has, in his collection, a specimen taken far
north, by Kennicott, believed to be the only one in the country.

Kirby’s type is probably in the collections of the British Museum,
where, it is stated, the insects described in Launa Boreali-Americana
were deposited.

From the very brief description of S. opthalinicus given by
Boisduval,t it was thought by Clemens to be. possibly a variety of
S. geminatus, having but a single eye in the ocellated spot. { Grote
and Robiuson in their catalogue of N. A. Sphingidee, have recorded
it as a distinct species. §

Through the kindness of Mr. James Angus of West Farms, N. Y.,
I have had the privilege of examining a beautiful specimen of the
species, received by him from California. It is structurally distinet
from S. geminatus, and is closely allied to S. ocellatus of Europe, from
which however it differs materially.

As near as I could determine without dissectien, the antenne
consist of about forty joints having longitudinally on them a single
series of thin, nearly square laminz, each equal in length to the joint

* Notes of Cuban Sphingidee.— Proc. Ent. Soc. Ph., 1865, vol. v.. p. 40.

tLe S. opthalmica assez rapproche de notre ocellatus, plus voisin de Gemina de Say, mais l'oeil
n’est pas double et il differe de toutes les especes du meme groupe par sa large bande brune,
anguleuse, qui traverse le milieu des ailes superieures.—Ann. Soc. Ent. France, t.iii., 3me ser. xxxii.

t Jour. Acad. Nat. Soc. Ph., 1859, p. 184.
§ Proc. Ent. Soc. Ph., 1865, vol. v., p. 160.

~~

126 TWENVY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

upon which it is placed ; the laminee bear on their two sides two rows of
fine cilia, extending from a common point on the middle of their base
to the two outer angles, regularly increasing in length as they recede
from the originating and diverging point, the rows slightly eurving
toward one another and uniting at their tips. As seen from above,
the connivent cilia fringing the antennal stem, are alone visible, in
their greatest length nearly equaling the pectinations of S. geminatus.
In this latter species, from the middle of.each antennal joint, are
given out two broadly diverging, slender, curved, cylindrical, apically
rounded pectinations which are margined with short and fine cilia;
the pectinations are thirty-nine or forty in number.

The apex of the primaries is acute in S. opthalmicus as in S. ocellatus
(excavated in S. gemenatus), but less curved apically on the anterior
margin ; it is without the white-bordered semioval brown patch which
is a feature in geminatus. The excavations of the hind margin
approach nearer to ocellatus than to geminatus. The posterior wings
are less developed costally than in either of the above two species.
The ocellated spot is quite. small, having a diameter between the
crescents of about one-half that of the thoracic spot (in the other two
the diameter exceeds that of the thoracic spot); it rests anteriorly on
the second median nervule, centers on the first, extends to midway
between the latter and the submedian nervure, and is removed one-
half its longest diameter from the outer margin. It consists of a
black spot and two slender, subequal crescents almost uniting at their
tips, of which the anterior one is placed just within the anterior mar-
gin of the spot which is lost beneath the long, rose-colored basal hairs,
and the posterior one forms its posterior margin — the whole present-
ing a well defined ellipse, having its transverse diameter on the sub-
median nervure. From opposite the center of the spot interiorly,
disconnected from it by a brownish line, a short black dash points
toward the anal angle, but is merged in an ochreous-brown shade
running to the angle, and thence acutely reflected toward the base.
The thoracic spot is ochraceous-brown, straight in front, covering all
of the thorax except a white bordering to the gray tegule. The colors
of the abdomen and wings differ materially from those of the two
species with which it is compared, for while they are characterized by
shades of deep brown, in this, the colors are fawn or pale ochraceous-
brown. Its expanse is two and six-tenths inches; length of body

one inch.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. - Pez

Synonymy.—The following table of reterence and synonymy is

presented, in the belief that it will prove to be correct.

Sphine ocellatus Jamaicensis Drury. Illus. Nat. Hist., 1778, v. ii, p. 438, pl. 25, figs. 2, 3.
Smerinthus geminatus Say. Amer. Ent., 1824, v. i, p. 25, pl. 12.

tr th tn tn T th MH tn om th IH

geminata Harr. in Cat. An. & Pl. Mass., 1835, p. 71.

Jamaicensis Westw.-Drur. Ill. Ex. Ent., 1887, v. ii, p. 47, pl. 25, figs. 2, 3.
Cerisyt Kirby. Faun. Bor.-Amer., 1837, v. iv, p. 301, pl. 4, figs. 4, 5.
geminata Harr. in Amer. Jour. Sci.-Ar., 1839, v. xxxvi, p. 291.
geminatus Walk. Cat. Br. Mus., Lep., 1856, pt. 8, p. 246.
geminatus Clem. in Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Ph., 1859, p. 188.
geminatus Morr. Syn. Lep. N. Amer., 1862, p. 210.

excecatus* Lint., in Proc. Ent. Soc. Ph., 1864, v. iii, p. 665 (larva).
geminatus Gr. & Rob., in Proc. Ent. Soc. Ph., 1865, vol. v, p. 160.
certstt Gr. & Rob. ibid., et List Lep. N. A., 1868, p. 4.
jumuicensis Gr. & Rob., in Proc. Ent. Soc. Ph., 1865, vol. v, p. 160.
geminatus Pack. Guide Stud. Ins., 1869, p. 275 (vena. post. wing).

* An erroneous determination, the larva described on page 666 of the Proceedings being that of

S. excecatus.

'

J28 |. Twenry-rourTH REPORT OF THE STATE MUSEUM.

~ VI TRANSFORMATIONS OF DAREMMA UNDULOSA WALKER.

A moth of this species, with broken and denuded wings and con-
tracted abdomen, which was taken .on the 8th of July, deposited
eight eggs the following day in the box in which it was confined,
and died three or four days thereafter. Upon examining the box on
the 14th, there were found the transparent shells of six of the eggs
frora which the larve had emerged, the other two proving infertile.
Three of the larve had escaped, and the remaining three were quite
feeble from their compulsory fast of probably a day or two, but very
soon commenced feeding on some tender leaves of ash (Fraxinus)
which were given them. To insure them a continual supply of
fresh food, they were placed on a leaf of a growing ash and inclosed
in a gauze net for their protection.*

Young larva.—The larva is of a very pale green color throughout,
showing no stripes nor bands. Its length is 18-100ths of an inch.
Its caudal horn is cylindrical, straight, of a light green color, except
its tip, which is brown, and measures 8-100ths of an inch.

* The rearing of larve upon growing plants, a’ above referred to, is becoming a favorite method
with lepidopterists, for several reasons: It affords a constant supply of suitable food, free from the
partial decomposition which commences almost immediately upon the plucking of the leaf, or from
the rapid change, commonly known as ‘“‘ souring,”’ which a twig or stem undergoes when placed in
water. The great sensitiveness of young larve to improper food, is well known to those who have
reared from the eggs, by the usual method of plucked food. broods of our sphinges, in which a mor-
tality of one-half has often been encountered before the first molting. The larve require but little
attention; during their infancy, the few leaves upon which they are at first placed, may suffice for a
week or two; as they attain a size which demands a larger supply of food, as often as the inclosed
leaves are consumed, it is only necessary to open the net, turn out the excrementitious matter, clip
off the defoliated portion of the twig, and tie again farther down the stem. It prevents the injuries
which so frequently prove fatal to young larve, when the slightest degree of force is employed in
removing them to fresh leaves. In addition to natural food, it also gives a natural exposure, an
important consequent of which is, that a description of the larva need not be imperfect from abnor-
mal coloration, which so frequently is the result of in-door rearing.

There are, however, some risks to be incurred by this method. The larva sometimes deserts the
leaf for its enveloping net, when of so small a size, as not to be able to protect itself against being
seized and destroyed by ants or other insects; and this traveling propensity is often the first indica-
tion of approaching molting, which is always accompanied by diminished powers of defense. As I
know of no means by which to prevent such occurrences, which are very annoying when the larva
happens to be rare, I would, in such cases, defer placing them out of doors until their second change
had given them a degree of safety in the size attained. As they approach maturity, the protection of
the net does not wholly exempt them from the attack of their natural enemies, the Ichneumonide,
which, readily drawn thither when several larve are associated, may often be seen prospecting over
the net for a position whence they may reach with their ovipositor the body of their prey within.
Having thus lost a number of rare larvee, I am now usually successful in preventing its recurrence, by

onstructing the net of a large size, and extending it with two or more wire rings, so as to place the
inclosed larve while upon the leaves, which they rarely leave after their second molting, out of ovi-
positor reach.

When nearly ready for their pupal change, they should be removed from the tree, and fed to matu-
rity in a box or wired breeding cage, to guard against their liability to escape at this period, by
forcing an opening in the netting.

‘

so
ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 129

First molt.—On the 21st of July their first molting occurred. On
the 26th, when about to undergo their next change, they had attained
the length of seven-tenths of an inch, and presented the following
features : Head light green, with a yellow lateral stripe. Body light
green, marked conspicuously with a subdorsal yellow stripe, of the
breadth of two of the annulets, which commences on the first segment
and terminates in the last lateral band. The lateral bands are seven
in number, of a yellow color, but are less conspicuous, except the
posterior one,-than the subdorsal stripe; each band commences at
the anterior margin of a segment in range with the stigmata ; it enters
the subdorsal stripe at the fifth annulet, and emerges therefrom at
the incisure, whence, after rising slightly above the stripe, it is reeurved
and touches it again, nearly reaching the following incisure. The caudal
horn is straight, 9-100ths of an inch long, and of ared color. The
stigmata are not visible with an ordinary magnifying glass, but their
position is indicated by a short horizontal yellowish line, sub-centrally
on the segment. The legs and prolegs are green.

Second molt.—This change occurred during the night of July 26th
and 27th. When in readiness for the next molting on the 31st, their
length was 85-100ths of an inch. The head shows granulations and
has broad lateral stripes-of yellow which nearly meet at the apex.
The subdorsal stripe is obsolescent, being more distinct on the tho-
racic segments; lateral bands quite distinct, of a bright yellow; the
three anterior and the seventh with a shade of red margining them
in front. Caudal horn straight, with short spines which are brown
on the front of the horn and behind. The legs are light red, and the
prolegs green.

Third molt—August 1st-2d. On the 6th of August, a cessation
from feeding, a fixed position, and a partial withdrawal of the head
from its case, indicated the near approach of another molting.
Length of the larva at this time, one inch and three-tenths, with a

diameter of eighteen-hundredths of an inch. The head is light green,

tuberculated superiorly, with the lateral stripes broad and of a
whitish shade. The body is pale green; the subdorsal stripe obso-
lete ; the lateral bands are whitish-green, bordered anteriorly with
darker green, except the first and seventh, which are yellow anterior to
the stigma; the bands commencing at the incisure, cross the second

-annulet in range with the lower part of the stigma, are contracted

over the stigma, extend thence in a straight line to the next incisure,
and are continued somewhat deflected over from one to three annu-

9

130 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT OF THE STATE MUSEUM.

lets of the following segment (over three on the seventh and eighth
segments); this posterior portion of the band is not edged with darker
green. The caudal horn is very slightly curved, rose-colored
anteriorly at the base, tipped with yellow, and is covered with
spinules which, except the lateral ones, are black. The anal shield
and plates have black granulations. The stigmata have a white dot
at each extremity, and are bordered with orange. ‘The legs are rose- |
colored and the prolegs green.

Fourth molt—The last molting during the larval state occu
during the night of August 7th-8th. On the following morning they
were found feeding on the dry leaf upon which they had been resting
motionless for the twenty-four hours preceding their change. Their
position in each molting has been on the midvein of the leaf. The
withdrawal of the head from its case at the commencement of the
molting’ appears to be accomplished in a very brief time, if not at a
single effort. In Ceratomia quadricornis Harris, the operation 78 so
gradual, that its progress can be followed for a day or more. In this
species, when a careful inspection has shown no indication of the separa-
tion of the case, an hour thereafter, it has been found wholly withdrawn
within the skin of the anterior segment, through which the lateral
bands of the head could be very distinctly seen. In Darapsa Myron
(Cramer), the corresponding operation appears to be as quickly
accomplished.

All the above moltings of Daremma undulosa have taken place
during the night. 3

Food plant.—The larva, according to information given to ical
Clemens as stated in his description of Ceratomia repentinus (deter-
mined by an examination by Grote and Robinson of the typical
specimen of Walker to be identical with this species*), has been
taken on the ash, upon which the individuals above described were
reared. Mr. Grote states that he has observed it numerously on the
lilac (Syringa vulgaris) on Long Island. It will probably also be
found on the privet (Ligustrum vulgare),—a larva which must have
been either this species or Sphinx cinerea (chersis of Hitbner), Aa
been reported to me as occurring on this food-plant.

Pupation.—Before entering the earth, it undergoes a marked
change in color. One taken from a fence August 27th, presented a
soiled white appearance, in which only a trace of its original green
was visible; the position of its lateral bands could with ditheculty be

* Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1868, vol. ii, p. 76.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 131

traced. It buried in the ground the following day, and constructed
its cell of the usual ovoid form of the cells of the sphinges, at a depth
of four inches. The imago emerged the following June, enabling
me to determine the species, which the altered appearance of the
larva did not permit of doing.

Pupa.—tLength one inch and three-fourths; diameter one-half
inch ; color dark brown; head-case depressed, shagreened ; eye-case
slightly prominent, with a smooth, impressed line inferiorly, and a
ceutral one on the crescent, which is wrinkled transversely. Pro-
notum shagreened, quite depressed anteriorly, with a medial line;
stigma fusiform. Mesanotum minutely shagreened, with an
inconspicuous medial line. Metanotum with a transverse line
anteriorly, posterior to which it is minutely wrinkled longitudinally.
Abdominal segments punctulated, and each divided superiorly in
about four parts by depressed transverse lines. Eleventh segment
with a dorsal, transverse, oval depression. - Tongue-case buried,
reaching just below the tips of the middle leg-cases, having ante-
riorly a few transverse plaits near its medial line, and a few longi-
tudinal ones near the antenna-case. Antennee-cases in the female
extend to half-way between the tips of the anterior and the middle

leg-cases, showing the joints distinctly, with a granulation on each.
Anterior leg-cases broad, prominent and rugose over the femur.
Wing-cases somewhat granulated at their basal region, and smooth
elsewhere. Spine rugose, subtriangular, constricted at the base.

As will be seen from the above description of the larva, it has no
structural affinity with that of Ceratomia guadricornis.* The species
has therefore very properly been removed from the genus in which
Dr. Clemens had been led to locate it, from representations made to
him by one who claimed to have reared its larva repeatedly, and
described it as strongly resembling that of C. guadricornis. To Mr.
Grote belongs the credit of discovering structural differences in the
imagines of C. guadricornis and D. undulosa,t which differences are
fully sustained in their earlier stages.

* Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 1862, vol. i, p. 290.
+ Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil,, 1865, vol. v, p. 190.

132 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

VII. NOTES ON PLATARCTIA PARTHENOS CHARR.) PACK.

Some eggs deposited by a captured moth, disclosed their larvee on
July 20th. The young larve were one-tenth of an inch in length, of
a fulvous color, with black tubercles and long fuscons hairs.

The first molting occurred July 26th and 27th. The larvee were
now one-fourth of an inch long, with two prominent black subdorsal
tubercles on the fourth and tenth segments; the hairs were one-tenth
of an inch long.

The second molting commenced July 30th and terminated on
August Ist.

The third molting commenced August 6th.

The fourth’ molting commenced August 11th, after the larvee had
maintained a fixed position for twenty-four hours.

The fifth molting commenced August 16th.

The sixth molting extended from the 23d to the 25th of August,
inclusive.*

The seventh molting: two of the larvee which had taken positions
in an angle of the box on the 28th, and had spun over them a thin
web covering, molted on the 31st. On the 13th of September, two
others molted ; the remainder did not undergo this change. After
the middle of September they ate very sparingly, many of them
resting: for days in one position. A. few of the brood having
died, about the middle of October, the remaining ones (eighteen in
number) were transferred to winter quarters within a box containing
chips and sawdust, and inverted on the ground beneath a bedding of |
leaves and earth. The few larvee which had undergone their seventh
molting, had at this time attained a length when in motion of two
and one-fourth inches.

On the Ist of April, eleven of the larvee were found to have survived
the winter. These were provided with growing plants, beneath glass,
for food, but manifested an indisposition to eat, seeming in a feeble
condition. On the 27th of April, two of the number were observed
to be feeding nicely. The others died without partaking of any food.

The two larve without again molting, or materially increas-
ing in size, spun cocoons of a dark colored silk interwoven with

* A ‘description of the larva at this stage, is given by Mr. W. Saunders, in the Canninas Entomolo-
gist, 1871, vol. iii, p. 225.

~

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 133

their hairs, of a texture permitting the inclosed pupa to be seen
through the threads. One onlv disclosed its imago (a male). Of its
period of pupation, no note was made.

The moth conforms very closely to the description given by Pack-
ard.* In the female from which the eggs were obtained, the median
band on the secondaries which in the male consists of approximate
orange spots, becomes a continuous orange band from its enlarge-
ment at the costal margin to near the internal margin (one-third
of the distance between it and the submedian), constricted opposite
the cell and on the first median nervule ; the nervules which intersect
it are dotted with black scales. On the fold between the median and the
submedian nervures, is an orange vitta, attenuated anteriorly for two-
thirds its length, enlarged and rounded posteriorly, and. extending
nearly one-half the distance across the wing. +t The sides of the
abdomen, terminal segment and anal tuft are orange, concolorous
with the ground of the posterior wings; the black of the dorsum
extends medially in a point over the terminal segment. Expanse of
wings 2.80 inches ; in the male 2.40 inches.

* Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 1864, vol. iii., p. 110.
+ No trace of this feature appears in the figure given in Agassiz’ Lake Superior (pl. vii., fig. 4,) of a
male taken on the northern shore of the lake, nor in a male of my collection.

*

134 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MuseEzum™.

{

VII. NOTES ON EUPREPIA AMERICANA (HARRIS)

A moth of this species, captured in a room late in the evening®
where it had been drawn by a brilliant lght, deposited, after having
been pinned, a number of egos, of which, about one- -half (seventy by
count) were given me to rear.

Most of the eggs were deposited in an irregular mass, and a few were
lying loosely in the box. They were white, of an obovate form,
very slightly compressed, with a length of 8-100ths of an inch, and a
breadth of 6-100ths ofan inch. The larvee emerged from the larger end,
leaving a shell firm and opaque, of which only an aperture was eaten.
Less than one-half of the eggs disclosed larve.+ The date of their -
appearance was not noted.

The first molting was on the 13th of palate: Previous to the
following molt they were three-eighths of an inch long, of a reddish
brown color, with intermingled white and black hairs at the extremi
ties, and with a lateral lead-colored stripe. The _ and tubercles
of the body were black.

The second molt extended from aust 22d to the 25th.t Length,
one-half inch ; anterior segments fulvous, with hairs of the same color.
The third molt commenced August 30th; the fourth, September 9th ;
the fifth, and last recorded, September 20th.

The moltings were not at all uniform throughout the brood, some
of the number being at this time an entire molting in advance of
others.

Several days after the last change above noted, the larve varied in
length from six-tenths of an inch, to one inch and a tenth. Having
ceased feeding (and a few having died), they were placed in winter
quarters with the P. parthenos larvee of the preceding paper.

When uncovered in the spring, but one of the colony was found
alive. It fed for about two weeks, increasing in size during that

* In two other instances of the capture of this moth within-doors, in the same locality, during the
same season, it was observed that its appearance was between the hours of fen and eleven P. M.

+ The very large number of eggs borne by this moth—stated by Dr. Fitch to be seven hundred and
forty-four in an instance observed by him — might account for so many (the last deposited) having
failed of fertilization.

t It is possible, in consideration of the long interval between this and the first molt, as compared

with the corresponding interval in P. parthenos, that an intermediate molting my have escaped
observation.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 139

time from nine-tenths of an inch to one inch and a fourth, but died
before attaining maturity.

Dr. Fitch, from a eomparison of colors and markings, regards this
species as identical with the European £: caja (Linn).* Dr. Packard
finds indisputable distinctive features in the stouter body, shorter wings
and prominent antennal pectinations of our species. Specimens,
however, have been taken in Labrador, which Packard has deter-
mined to be £. caja, and which he represents as giving evidence of
introduction. He states that ‘the coloration and the markings are
the same, and it can searcely lay elaim to be considered as a climatal
variety. The patagia are white in the Labrador specimen, and
brown in the English; this is the principal distinction.”

Of its larva, Packard states: “It occurred at Gore Island, in
Southern Labrador, wandering over the herbage. At Caribou Island,
they were found in July, in various stages, feeding on Potentilla
anserina. The larva was also found, full fed, crawling over herbage,
on June 15th, at Little Mecatina Island, and it had no doubt hyber-
nated in this state. The body was black, with large white papillee,
from which, on the thoracic rings, rise short yellow hairs, like those
on the sides of the body. Above, the white papille are large and
conspicuous, and from them arise long, thin, mostly irregular fascicles
of pale gray hairs, with shorter and fewer black hairs, the longer ones
equaling in length the breadth of the body. It is of the usual size, and
its tricolored hairs and white papille give a striking appearance to
this handsome larve. It began to spin a cocoon June 26th, and
the moth appeared July 27th.”+

I know of no description of the mature larva of . Americana to
compare with the above. That of Dr. Fitch (loc. cit.) does not per-
tain to our native species, (although associated with an excellent des-
eription of the imago), but is obviously taken ae European sources,
and refers to Huprepia caja.

EF. Americana has been taken in several places in Canada and in
New York, in Massachusetts and on Lake Superior.

* Noxious Insects of New York, Reports, 6-9, p. 234.
+ Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1868, vol. xi, p. 34.

186 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

IX. NOTES ON EUCHATES EGLE (DRURY).

A colony of the young larvee was taken on the milkweed (Asclepias
cornuti) July 20th, collected in an irregular cluster on one of the
leaves. Their appearance at this stage was so unlike that presented
when more advanced, that the species would not have been suspected,
but from the food plant on which they occurred.

On the 21st, having consumed the leaf on which they were feeding,
they moved to the top of the jar beneath which they had been
placed, where they collected in a body. They were now three-tenths
of an inch in length. The head was subquadrate, glossy black.
Collar fuscous. Body deeply incised, obscure green, with round fus-
cous tubercles dorsally, and oval ones laterally, from which radiate
white hairs of unequal length, those on the four anterior and two
posterior segments being longer than elsewhere, and intermingled
with dusky hairs. Legs spotted with fuscous, and prolegs with a
fuscous spot outwardly.

On the 23d they were found to have undergone a molting,
and were traveling with a very rapid motion in every direction about
the jar. Later in the day, they had again collected in a cluster,
when fresh food was supplied them, upon which they arranged them-
selves with some degree of regularity, but not with the striking
parallelism which characterizes their feeding when met with in the |
field.

The larva now appears with twelve rows of tubercles, disposed
in two ranges on each segment, the tubercles alternating on the
anterior and posterior portions of the segment.

The first segment has some short white hairs projecting over the
head. On the second segment are four black pencils, each with a
single hair projecting beyond the others; the two inner pencils are
the longer, and the single hair extends to nearly twice the length of
the pencil. The third segment has its interior pencils like those of
the second, but its exterior ones are without the long hair. The
fourth segment has a double pencil issuing from the two anterior
dorsal tubercles, with four white pencils from the four tubercles next
below. Segments five to nine inclusive have each four orange pencils
curving inward and forward, of which the two anterior proceed from
the two superior tubercles, and the two posterior from those next

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 137

below; beneath these isa row of black’ pencils above a blue line
which incloses the stigmata. On segment ten is a similar arrange-
ment of pencils, but the two posterior ones are white instead of orange.
On segment eleven a double, dorsal black pencil from the two
anterior tubercles, two white ones posterior to these, and two black
ones exterior. On segment twelve are four black pencils directed
backward. The two lower rows of tubercles on segments one and
three, and the three rows on four and five, have fascicular bunches of
short white hairs radiating from them, as have also the corresponding
tubercles on the three posterior segments. The lower row of tuber-
cles on segments six to nine inclusive, have a few similar hairs
proceeding from their lower portion. Body of the larva, pale brown.
Legs shining black ; prolegs fuscous exteriorly.

On August Ist, another molting occurred. On the 3d, from one
of the larva, seyeral parasites emerged, and enclosed themselves in
small white cocoons of a slight texture, enveloped in loose wool-like
threads: from these seven hymenopterous imagines of an undetermined
species (all females) were disclosed on the 18th.

On the 4th, one of the larve had spun its cocoon, through the
walls of which some parasitic larvee emerged. By the 9th, several
had made their cocoons, and all had ceased feeding. The last of the
colony made its cocoon on the 12th.

On the 26th of August, an “gle imago emerged from one of the
cococns, which proved to be the only one obtained from the entire
colony. Late in the ensuing spring the cocoons were examined,
when about half of the number were found to contain untrans-
formed shriveled larvee, and the remainder dead pupe.

Other attempts to rear broods of this larvae, have been attended
with about the same success, showing it to be a very difficult species
to carry through to the imago state, under treatment which proves
successful with many others.

On the 24th of August,—a month later than the date of collection
above noticed—another colony of this larva which had apparently
very recently undergone the first molting was observed feeding on

Asclepias.

138 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORYT ON THE STATE Museum.

X. TRANSFORMATIONS OF LAGOA CRISPATA PACKARD.

A cluster of eggs subsequently ascertained to be the deposit of this
moth, was found July 7th, 1869, at Center, N. Y., on the under side
of a leaf of Quercus cicifolva, arranged somewhat in a segment of a
circle, three-eighths of an inch in length, and covered with a
yellow-white down.

The eggs are pale green, of an elongate-oval form, measuring
2-100ths by 45-1000ths of an inch in diameter. They were attached
to the leaf by their sides in two rows, with the enveloping down
extending beyond them on the leaf for a space somewhat exceeding
the longest diameter of the egg.

Young larva.—The larvee were disclosed July 13th, with a length
of 62-1000ths of an inch. They were of a pale yellow-green color,
and were thickly covered with long, soft, white hairs, many of which
were twice the length of the body. The larvee fed on the upper
surface of the leaf.

First molt—July 21st to 23d: larva limacodiform in appearance,
white, oval, flattened superiorly between the subdorsal rows of short,
cylindrical, fleshy, white tubercles, apparently nine in number exelu-
sive of the terminal ones; counting these last in the stigmatal row,
it consists of twelve similar tubercles; from each of these tubercles,
long, white hairs of unequal length radiate, the longest of which
measure one-fourth of an inch. The head is not visible from above,
and the extremity to which it belongs is with difficulty distinguish-
able from the posterior when the larva is at rest. Its prolegs can
only be seen from beneath when moving on a transparent surface.

Second molt—July 28th: length of larva, 27-100ths of an inch,
diameter 12-100ths; the hairs are three-tenths of an inch long,
usually uncinate, more numerous than before and nearly concealing
the body. The larvee still eat only the upper surface of the leaf
within the veinlets.

Third molt—Commenced August 3d: length of larva, 31-100ths
of an inch, diameter, 15-100ths. Three rows of tubercles are visible
on each side of the body, of which the substigmatal ones are round,
the lateral and subdorsal ones elliptical; from these tubercles proceed
the long hairs, which, diverging and interlaeing, cover the body.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 139

The larva no longer confines itself to the surface of the leaf, but
commencing at the margin, now eats the entire body except the veins.
Its method of eating is peculiar. Extended on the surface of the
leaf (usually the lower surface) at a right angle with its margin, it
bends its head over the edge in a position to grasp it with its
mandibles. Its collar, which is quite extensible, is thrown forward
with its sides appressed closely to the two surfaces of the leaf,
entirely enveloping the head. [From its position, one-half of the
collar is hidden beneath the body; the other half is seen on the
opposite side of the leaf as a triangular fleshy piece, having its
anterior edge in range with the line of the body. On one oecasion
while feeding, when a small bit of leaf had been detached and was
held by the anterior pair of legs, the favorable position of the larva
for its observation, displayed both of the lateral edges of the collar
folded on the piece, and holding it between them, while within, as
disclosed by: the regular motion of the body and the gradual disap-
pearance of the leaf, the mouth was in active operation, wholly
concealed from even a direct front view, except when a slight eleva-
tion of a portion of the collar chanced to disclose a section of a black
mandible.

«When in readiness for its fourth molting, the larva at rest, measures
7-L10ths of an inch long, and 28-100ths ofan inch broad. From having

been up to this period entirely white, the body now shows patches

of coloring. Two or three days after it has affixed itself for its molt,
the colors become defined in shade and outline.* There now are
seen blackish bands on the terminal segments, a line of elongate
black spots above the legs, a white stigmatal band with a row of
‘blackish spots above, and an obscure salmon shade suffusing the
entire dorsal region. In these colors are revealed the new clothing
nearly matured which the larva is about to assume, closely folded to
the body in separate pencils of hairs, and partially seen through the
translucent skin.

fourth molt—August 20th, and several following days: length
75-100ths, breadth 3-10ths of an inch. The withdrawal of the larva
from its old integument occupies about five minutes of time. As
the segments successively emerge, the hairs appear as wet pencils
appressed to the body, which rise up as they are released from their
confinement, and very soon becoming dry, diverge and entirely cover

*A larva taken at Center, after its third molt, took its position for its fourth change during the night

of August 27-8; the bands were visible on the 31st, and the molting occurred on the afternoon of
September ist, nearly four days having been required to complete the change.

4

140 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORY ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

the body without any outward indication of originating in a few
isolated points. The larva now presents a remarkable contrast to its .
former appearance, in features as follows:

The head is round and white; the eyes and mandibles are black.
The body is white throughout. The collar has four patches of short
slate-colored hairs—the inferior patches round and the superior
elongated. On the first segment are eight tufts of slate-colored hairs ;
on the second segment are six tufts, of which the four inferior are
slate and the two superior, slate mingled with ochreous; on the third
and following segments, exclusive of the terminal, the lower tuft is
slate with black basally, the lateral is slate and ochreous, and the
dorsal is ochreous; on the terminal segment the position of the tufts
was not ascertained further than that the lower is slate-colored. The
slate-colored hairs of the thoracic segments superiorly, and the
ochreous ones of the terminal segments, are long and projected over
the extremities, and are so fine as to be readily moved by the breath ;
the abdominal hairs are shorter, somewhat coarser, appressed, and
meet over the dorsum in a ridge. The stigmata are white, hemi-
spherical, with an elongated subcylindrical papilla beneath the anterior
one and behind each of the others. Legs five-jointed, bearing upon
them several short bristles. The five pairs of prolegs on segments
6-9 and 12, are well developed and have their plantz armed with
series of black hooklets; on their base exteriorly is a small pencil of
short hairs, and three still smaller contiguous pencils anteriorly, visi-
ble with a lens: the two pairs of conical prolegs on segments 5 and |
10 (completing the seven pairs ascribed to this larva*), are rudimen-
tary, without plante, bearing apically a few short hairs.

Sting of larva.—On several occasions subsequent to the third
molting, while transferring the larvee to fresh leaves, a slight pricking
sensation was felt, which was not, however, sufficiently decided to
arrest attention ; a larva seemingly so inoffensive in its downy dress,
and so timid as to roll itself up in a ball at any rude touch, was not to
be suspected of the possession of a method of detense bestowed, in like
degree, upon only two other associate Bombycideans. Later, with
their increased growth, the pricking became more acute, and its source
could no longer be doubted. Ifa larva was pressed with the back of
a finger, or permitted to drop upon it from a moderate height, a sharp
stinging would be felt, soon becoming more acute, and followed
in a few minutes with a redness of the skin, and elevated white spots

* Proc. Hnt. Soc., Ph., 1864, vol. iii, p. 336,

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 141

similar to the “ nettle-rash.’ As would naturally be expected from
the comparative size of the larvee, the sting is not so severe as that
of Hemileuca Maia (Drury), or Hyperchiria Lo (Fabr.)*

A critical examination of the larva, by a partial removal of its
hairs, revealed the existence of clusters of short, slender, acute, white
bristles, directed upward from the several tubercles of the lateral and
subdorsal rows, the presence of which had previously been unnoticed,
under their covering of the long hairs surrounding and effectually
concealing them. Upon touching the bristles with the hand, they
were found to be the source of the sting experienced.

Fifth molt.—The fifth molting through which the larve were
observed to pass, and their subsequent changes, were not recorded.
Additional collections of larvee made at Center were thoughtlessly
added to the colony, which, with other circumstances, prevented the
completion of their history. Of the above collections, one of the
number spun its cocoon on the 29th of August, attached to the
bottom edge of the bell-jar confining it.

An alcoholic matured specimen in my possession, which had
attained more than ordinary size, measures one ineh and three-tenths
in length, by one-third of an inch broad. Its head, drawn within the
first segment is black, as are also the tips of four or five of the ante-
rior stigmatal papille.

A larva taken at New Baltimore, N. Y., feeding on plum leaves, and
brought to me August 31st, was more elongate than usual ; its three
anterior segments were clothed with hairs of a brownish shade, and
the hairs of its posterior extremity were prolonged so as to form a
short tail. It made its cocoon September Ist, but did not develop
the imago.

Cocoon.—The cocoon is of a tawny-brown color, oval in form, often
modified by the surface to which it may be attached, and occasionally
contracted near its apical end; its average size, taken from fifteen
specimens, is three-fourths of an inch in length, by one-third of an
inch in diameter. It is of a firm, parchment-like texture, capable of
sustaining considerable pressure from the edge of the nail before
yielding to it. Its exterior is irregularly covered with a thin web of
rather coarse threads, in which, under the microscope, a few of the
plumose hairs of the caterpillar may be observed; underneath
this, the outer coating of the cocoon is thinly extended over its apical
end, to the extent of about one-tenth of an inch. Upon stripping

* Twenty-third Report on the N. ¥. State Cabinet, 1872, p. ,

142 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

away this portion, a flat surface is seen beneath, covered with a mat-
ting of intermingled hairs and silk; if this matting be removed, a
moderate pressure of the fingers upon the sides of the cocoon,
will cause the flattened apex to detach itself in part from the body,
disclosing a perfectly fitting lid, of which its connection with the
cocoon for about one-third of its circumference, serves as a hinge.
The margin of the lid is shghtly recurved; that of the cocoon to a
greater degree, so as, in some examples, to render this portion as.
broad as the central diameter. |

The lid is woven by the caterpillar separately from the rest of the
cocoon, and is not a section cut from it after its completion. This
interesting fact, at variance with the generally received opinion upon
the subject, was clearly shown, when, upon springing open the lid,
there was found to be resting upon and partly overlapping its margin,
and quite distinct from the matting inclosed, a packing of stout,
parallel threads and hairs, not forming an entire circle, but inter-
rupted by returns at each side of the hinge, over which its extension
would not be needed; underneath this, and more closely united to
the margin was a more slender silken cord arranged in like manner.
The construction of the packing and its curious disposition, prior to
the formation of the lid, as from their relative position it must neces-
sarily be, is ample evidence that, in continuation of the plan adopted,
the lid is subsequently woven to its shape, with the packing serving
for its base and euide.

The lids are usually of an ovate form, but in some specimens they
assume a subtriangular shape, or present one or more projecting
angles; in such instances, these irregularities are met by comple-
mentary variations in the margin of the cocoon, by which a
perfectly fitting lid is insured.

A tranverse section of the cocoon displays an ingeniously con-
trived structure for the firm support of the margin of the lid, without
which, notwithstanding the partial support provided for it in the
inflated margin of the cocoon, it might too easily yield to outward
pressure from some inquisitive enemy. While as before stated, the
main body of the cocoon consists of a single wall, its superior third
is seen to divide in several laminz (seven were counted in one
specimen), slightly separated and carried to the proper height to
meet and sustain the lid; the interior ones are thin, while that
forming the inner wall is firm and smoothly coated by a gummy
secretion’ probably from the mouth of the larva, uniform with

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 143

‘the remaining portion of the cocoon. With the same economy of
labor and of material shown in the construction of the inter-
rupted “packing,” these laminz do not encircle the cocoon, but
disappear beneath the hinge.

The separate construction of the lid, as shown in the remarkable
evidences of design above recorded, is also confirmed by microscopic
observation. Under a high magnifying power, the parallelism of
the threads composing its margin is distinctly seen, in marked con-
trast with the ragged projecting ends of an excised portion.

Pupation.—The larvee made their cocoons between the leaves on
which they had fed, or those lying on the surface beneath. In
several instances, a half dozen or more were found associated between
a couple of leaves, and so firmly attached to one another that they
could with difficulty be separated. Of perhaps eighty cocoons
obtained, eight only developed the moth during the last of October
and early part of November, after a pupation of about two months.
None were disclosed in the spring, at the regular time for its apparition
during the month of June, as we may infer from the collection of its
evos on the full grown leaves of oak. In a number of the cocoons sub-
sequently opened for examination, were found the shrunken remains
of untransformed larvee, and in others, the apparently fully matured
pupa, seen through the thin case, perfect in all but the extension of
its wings.

It is worthy of remark that this species, Hyperchiria Jo and
Henvileuca Maia have each, in my experiments in rearing them,
produced a portion of their brood in the early fall, at a time when
their exclusion could not be the result of an indoor temperature,
which at that period did not exceed that of their natural exposure.

When in readiness for its final metamorphosis, the pupa forces
upward the lid of the cocoon, and withdraws itself through the open-
ing, until only its terminal segments are held by the pressure of the
lid and enveloping convergent threads. As the pupa is wholly
destitute of the dentiform processes which encircle the pupal segments
of those of our moths (4dgeriadee, Cosside et al.), which are known
to extrude themselves partially from their cocoons while still in their
pupal state, and which apparently are dependent on aid afforded by
these processes for their release, some other provision is required by
crispata to serve in its work of extrication. This is found in the
motion permitted its encased limbs while yet a pupa. Asa general

'

144 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

rule among the Lepidoptera, when the pupa first divests itself of its :
larval covering, its antennee-, leg-, and wing-cases are readily separable
from the body-case on which they lie, but in a brief time are firmly
cemented to it by the drying and hardening of the viscid coating
which overspreads it. This species, however, is an exception to the
rule, and the first which has been observed by me.* Upon opening
its cocoons, the above mentioned organs are found disconnected (except
basally) from the pupal body. In its extruded pupa-case may usually
be seen the antennee-cases extended in the form of the antique lyre
quite in advance of the other members, the leg-cases brought up from
beneath the wing-cases, the latter quite separated at their apices from
the abdominal region, and giving indication of having rendered
efficient service in the escape from the cocoon.

Pupa.—lits color is essentially that of the contained imago show-
ing through the translucent shell, being ochreous on the thorax and
attached members, and lutescent on the abdomen. It is of an oval
shape, slightly contracted at the base of the abdomen, its extremities
rounded, the terminal segment blunt and without processes. The
head-case projects moderately beyond the prothorax; the eye-cases
are prominent with a shining mamilla intermediately. The antenne-
cases showing distinctly at their mesial carination the curved tips of
the pectinations, extend in the male to the tips of the wing-cases, and
in the female to those of the anterior leg-cases. The posterior leg-
cases protrude from beneath the wing-cases, nearly across the eighth
segment. The wing-cases are rounded at their inner angle, and
extend half-way over the seventh segment; under a lens, they show
distinctly the crinkled black hairs of the dise of the wing. The
thoracic divisions are distinct, not being cemented together; the
pronotum is thrice as broad as long, excavated in front, convex
behind, depressed medially, its posterior angles subquadrate, with a
protuberance near its anterior margin on each side; the mesanotum
is one-half longer than broad, its sides subparallel, and its hinder
margin rounding over the metanotum to nearly its posterior margin :
the metanotum is a little longer than the pronotum, and corrugated
longitudinally on each side. ‘The abdominal segments, under a lens,
have fine longitudinal wrinkles anteriorly ; the incisures are rather
deep. The eight abdominal stigmata are visible; the seven anterior
ones are broadly oval, with prominent margins, and have a sthall
tubercle behind each; the last one is linear, without a raised margin

*In some of the Tineidx the limbs are partially free.—Packard, in The American Naturalist, 1871,
vol. v., p. 712.

ENTOMOLOGICAL OONTRIBUTIONS. 145

or accompanying tubercle. Length from five-tenths to six-tenths of
an inch; diameter from two-tenths to one-fourth of an inch.

The larve were found very abundantly at Center on the 6th and
20th of August, 1869, feeding on the different species of Quercus, on
Vaccinium, on Pteris aquilina, and on other plants; they were all,
at this time, in their white coats. On the 27th of August, at one
locality at Center, on a gently sloping hill-side, a thousand individuals
could have been taken by a collector in an hour’s time: at this date,
a few had assumed the brown coat indicative of their fourth molt,
and by the 8th of September, nearly all had undergone this change.
At a locality frequently visited, in Bethlehem, near Albany, but one
individual was observed during the season, on September 14th.

Notwithstanding the remarkable abundance of the larvee at Center,
the imago has not been observed by me, either in that locality or
elsewhere.

During the last of August, 1870, the larvee were again observed in
large numbers at Center, but not so abundantly as in the previous
year. Of about twenty collected, nearly all, when in their third and
fourth stages, gave out a parasitic larva, which transformed into
pupze, apparently of some species of Tachina, but of which I did not
succeed in obtaining an imago. Noneof my collections of the preced-
ing year were thus affected. Mr. C. V. Riley informs me that his col-
lections of the larvae, made in 1870, in the vicinity of St. Louis, were
also destroyed by probably the same parasite, which he was equally
unsuccessful in carrying to maturity.

10

146 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE Musrom.

XI ‘TRANSFORMATIONS OF HYPERCHIRIA 10 (Pape).

Of the above species, a small company of sixteen larves was found
at Center, July 15th, arranged side by side in perfect parallelism on
a leaf of Populus tremuloides. They had evidently, at the time of
their collection, undergone their first molt.

Second molt—July 18th ; the leaf on which the larvee were taken
having become dry, they abandoned it and passed to the side of the
jar occupied by them, in regular procession and in an unbroken line,
moving in single file, unlike Hemzeleuca Maia, whose processions are
in files of two’s or three’s. Later they had arranged themselves in
the form of an § on the table on which the jar rested, still maintain-
ing their line of march, with the head of one in contact with the ter-
minal legs of the one in advance. A twig of Populus balsamifera
was given them, which they refused, and ate in preference a fragment
of a dried leaf of P. tremulordes.

Their cast head-case has none of the spines of the first segment
adhering to it, as has that of . Maza.* The exuvie are eaten by the
larvee.

On the 20th, they were one-half inch in length. The head at this
stage, is pale red, with the clypeus fuscous, bordered with pale red;
the eyes are on a black patch, surrounded with light red. The body
is rufescent, with eight lighter lines: there are six rows of spines, or
eight if the inferior row, interrupted on the proleg-bearing segments
be included, which have black trunks with white branches; the
Jateral spines have their branches terminating in a black bristle; in
the dorsal rows, except on the terminal segments, the branches are
without the bristle, and some are black tipped; those of the substig-
matal row are without the branches, having only bristles instead.
The legs are marked with fuscous outwardly, and the prolegs are
rufescent.

Third moltt—From July 25th to 27th. Head fuscous anteriorly,
dull green superiorly, as also above the eyes and margining the

‘elypeus. Body white-dotted, and marked with a conspicuous stig-
matal orange-red band bordered below with white, a pale rufescent
vascular stripe, and two subdorsal and two lateral ones in which are

* Twenty-third Report on the N. Y. State Cabinet, 1872, p. 148.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 147

the spines; spines pale green, with the tips or branches black. Legs
fuscous; prolegs with a red patch exteriorly.

Fourth molt—Date not noted. Head pale green, black beneath,
thence a black line extending upwards, dividing to inclose the eyes;
the clypeus marked with black inferiorly and with an abbreviated
black line external to it. Body pale green, with a pale yellow sub-
dorsal and lateral line, an orange-red stigmatal line bearing the
stigmata centrally, bordering which below is a narrow white stripe;
the stripes commence on the third segment. Ventral region ocel-
lated, more conspicuously in two rows of brown dots: which range
with the prolegs.

fifth molt—August 10th. The appearance of the larva immedi-
ately succeeding this molt was not noted.

Mature larva.—its length is two inches, and its diameter four-
tenths of an inch. Its head is smooth, round, pale green, with a few
short white hairs. The body tapers from the seventh segment
moderately toward the head, and more considerably posteriorly:
color of the body, white dorsally, pale green ventrally, with a yellow
green lateral stripe and a quadrangular patch resting thereon on the
posterior half of each abdominal segment; beneath this, commencing
on the fourth segment, a narrow, sanguineous, stigmatal stripe inclos-
ing the stigmata, having upon it some whitish piliferous dots, and bor-
dered beneath with a narrow white stripe which it overlaps, except on
the crown of each segment: ventrally ranging with the bases of the
prolegs and on the anterior half of the segment, two rows of triangu-
lar sanguineous spots dotted as the stripes; the caudal plates are
also sanguineous in continuation of the stigmatal stripes, and the
prolegs are marked exteriorly with a similar colored spot. The
number of spines on the several segments are, 14°, 659, 19, 11, 12:
their trunks are green, of a conical form, with cylindrical green
branches which are black tipped; those of the two superior rows are
of the same length with the lateral ones, and have their branches
contracted suddenly to an acute tip, except on the first seement
where the upper branches (black on their superior half or three-
fourths) are cylindrical throughout, and have implanted in their sum-
mits a bristle nearly or quite as long as the branch; on the second
segment, the spines have a few of the bristle-branches, and two or
three are also to be seen on the three superior spines of the twelfth
segment; the lateral spines have each three or four of these bristle-
branches, and the remainder like those of the dorsal rows; in the

=

\

148 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE SratTe Museum.

stigmatal row, the branches are all bristle-pointed, as also in the
interrupted substigmatal row: the caudal plates have at their poste-
rior angle, a rudimentary spine. ;

Pupation.—On the 21st of August, one of the larve made its

slight cocoon between a couple of leaves. On the 17th of the fol-
lowing month, a male imago emerged from pupa; on the 21st, a
second male was disclosed, and some other of the moths emerged dur-
ing the fall.
_ The cocoons were kept in a warm room, and some time during the
month of January, a crippled imago was found in the box. On the
7th of February, a second crippled specimen was obtained, and on
the 10th, a perfect one, small and unusually dark colored.

In the irregularity of its disclosure, and in its extension over the
fall and spring months (extending to the latter when not prema-
turely developed by warmth) this species resembles Hemileuca
Maia. Its shortest period of pupation as above observed, was less
than half that of J/aia, being but twenty-seven days, and in Maa
fifty-eight days.*

As an addition to the history of this moth, the following extracts
are taken from notes made several years since : )

Eggs were deposited July 10th. ‘They are elliptical, somewha
flattened, five-hundredths of an inch in diameter, with a small black
spot on each end and a larger orange one on the side. ‘The caterpil-
lars emerged July 22d. They are one-eighth of an inch long, of a
reddish color, and have the body covered with long bristles.

On the 27th of July, occurred the first molting, when they
measured one-fourth of an inch in length. The head was black,
body rufescent, with black branching spines, and several stripes.

The second molt was on August 3d: length one-half inch. The
larvee are still associated in groups while feeding.

At the third molt on August 9th, they had attained a length of
seven-eighths of an inch. The black spines have a few of their upper
branches black, the others being white as before.

Fourth molt, August 17th: length of larva one inch and one-fourth.
The fifth molt, pupation, et cet., were not recorded.

I have taken the larva feeding on locust (Jtobenza pseudacacia),
on choke-cherry (Cerasus virginiana) on willows and other plants.
A colony found on a willow, the leaves of which had become partially

* Twenty-third Report on the N. ¥. State Cabinet, 1872, p. 148.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 149

dried while being brought to me, deserted the twig for one of choke-
cherry standing near it, on which they continued to feed.

In the Lntomological Correspondence of Harris, clover, elm, oak,
and balm of Gilead are given as food-plants of the larva.

I retain for this moth the specific name by which it has long been
known, instead of adopting the one proposed for it by Walker (warza)
and adopted by Packard in his “Synopsis of the Bombycidee of the
United States,” in which he remarks that “our species has been
confounded by authors with Cramer’s species fo: judging by
Cramer’s plate his ‘Io’ from South America, belongs to a different
genus.”” Dr. Speyer, the eminent German lepidopterist, has critic-
ally examined a number of specimens of the moth sent to him, and
has found that it was correctly described under the name of Jo, by
Fabricius, in Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 560, and its habitat given as North
America.

150 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MuSEvUMmM.

XI. TRANSFORMATIONS OF EACLES IMPERIALIS (DRURY).

A pair of these beautiful and rare moths was taken in Greenbush,
wm coitu, and remained in that state while being brought across the
river to Albany. In the box with them were some twigs and leaves of
chestnut (Castanea vesca), with a number of eggs already deposited on
them, from which circumstance, in the absence of any accompanying
statement, it is to be presumed that they were captured upon that
tree. . A large number of eggs were subsequently deposited by the
‘moth, of which, through the kindness of Mr. Louis Sautter, eighty-
five were brought to me, which were said to have been laid on the
25th of June.

Lggs.—The eggs are flattened ellipsoids, having their diameters
respectively 12-1000ths, 11-1000ths, and 8-1000ths of aninch. When
examined under a high magnifying power the shell presents the
appearance of having its surface studded with numerous short, capitel-
late setae, somewhat curved at the base, and arranged in a degree of
regularity at a little more than their length from one another; but
as no setee are seen in relief when looking across the surface of the
shell, the forms observed undoubtedly pertain to its structure, and
as, from the focal adjustment which their examination requires, they
evidently connect the inner and outer surfaces, they can scarcely
be anything else than pores traversing the shell. When the eggs
were received by me, on the 30th, they all presented a circular
depression on their flattened surface, which, in the eggs of many
of our moths, indicates a stage in their development. They were
of a light honey-yellow, with some reddish spots or clouds macu-
lating their circumference. By the 2d of July, the larvee could be
plainly seen in frequent motion in a few of the eggs, through the
transparent shell. On the following day, the larval bands were
quite visible. :

Young larve.—Four of the larvee were disclosed July 4th, and
twelve additional during the five following days; of these the last
ones to emerge were quite feeble, four of them dying without
partaking of food. None other of the eggs developed, probably from
failure in fertilization, resulting from a disturbed coition. The

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 151

newly emerged larva measures one-fourth of an inch in length. The
head is red, round and smooth. Body of a dull red color, armed,
except on the last two segments, with six rows of bristle-tipped
spines: the subdorsal spines on the second and third segments are
nearly one-third the length of the body, black, rugose, bifurcated, each
prong tipped with a white acute bristle; on the top of the eleventh
segment is a similar spine resting on a red, conical tubercle. The
segments are annulated with three fuscous bands terminating lat-
erally at the stigmatal flexure, of which one precedes, and two follow
the spines: the terminal segment declines considerably from the
plane of the others. Legs, black; prolegs, red.

The larvee feed only at long intervals, passing most of their time
in wandering over the leaves or resting on their petioles.

First molt.—Of one individual on July 11th; on the 12th, of two
others, and on the night of the 14th, of four. Length of the larve,
one-half inch. Head glossy, ferruginous, fuscous at the clypeus
and about the eyes. Collar and terminal segment, ferruginous. The
segments are testaceous centrally, shading into an obscure red at the
incisures, the transverse bands which previously marked them hay-
ing disappeared. The spines are glossy black with branches tipped
with white acute bristles: the two long spines of the second and third
seements each and the medial one of the eleventh, which are about
one-fifth the length of the body, are directed slightly forward; their
two forks are of unequal size; the last mentioned spine is in addi-
tion to the six of the preceding segments, and ranges with the four
substigmatal and lateral spines, the two subdorsal being placed
farther back on the segment: the terminal segment has thirteen
spines, viz., six occupying the usual position, a seventh medial one
behind the range of the preceding, four on the anal shield, of which
the two anterior are the larger (four others are indicated by acute
granulations on the posterior margin), and a small one on each ter-
minal leg exteriorly. The stigmata are broadly elliptical, fuscous,
and situated on a distinct, elliptical, testaceous spot. Legs and pro-
legs testaceous, marked outwardly with fuscous.

On the 16th two larve were in position for molting, indicating
progress in the change by their translucent, vacant head-cases and
heads covered by the skin of the first segment.

Second molt—July 17th. Length, six-tenths of an inch. Imme-
diately succeeding the molt the head is pale red, and the long spines
before noticed, now appearing as horns, are pearl white.

152 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MusEUM.
a

Three days thereafter, the larva measures eight-tenths of an inch in
length. The head is dull ferruginous, with fuscous centrally and
laterally. Body of an umber-brown, lighter at the incisures, gray
dorsally with a dark vascular line; segments with a few white hairs,
the longest of which surround the subdorsal spines; horns of second,
third and eleventh segments curved, glossy black, with base luteous ;
spines dull: black. Anal shield marked with a cordiform, glossy
black spot, having central and marginal rufescent granulations; anal
plates with a subtriangular, granulated, fuscous impression. Stig-
mata surrounded with a dark brown ring. Legs shining black ; pro-
legs with a black spot exteriorly, and with fuscous near the plantee.

Third molt—July 30th and August 3d, of the two larvee surviving
this ehange. Length, one inch. The head and color of the body are
as before. A marked feature at this stage is the presence of long
white hairs given out, from the central portion of the segments, of
which the superior ones are nearly twice the length of the thoracic
horns, and the lateral ones shorter; similar hairs of medium length
project laterally over the proleg-bases. The horns are 18-100ths
of an inch long, of a honey-yellow color, and are studded with
conical projections (of which the two apical are fuscous), bearing a
short, acute, fuscous spinule. The spines of the.two subdorsal rows
are 5-100ths of an inch long, of the color of the head, and (except the
two exterior to the horns) have two fuscous, spinule-tipped projec-
tions. The lateral row consists of tubercles, of which those on the
interior segments are simple, and on the terminal ones branched, of
a darker shade of color than the subdorsal spines. The substig-
matal row is composed of still smaller simple tubercles. Anal shield
brown with whitish granulations, bordered with tubercles, of which
two are branched; anal plates fuscous centrally. Legs ferruginous;
prolegs fuscous on the outer side.

Fourth molt of the sole survivor, August 15th. Length, one inch
and three-tenths. A marked change occurs in the horns at this
molting. , From being heretofore cylindrical they are now conical,
are armed with stout spinules, and have become shorter; the length
of the thoracic ones is 12-100ths of an inch, of the posterior one, one-
tenth of an inch. The anal plates are conspicuously marked with
whitish granulations. The stigmata are brown, with a central line
and border of white, surrounded with fuscous on a subquadrangular
testaceous patch.

On the 18th of August the larva died of diarrhcea attended with

ENTOMOLOGICAL UONTRIBUTIONS. 153

an extraordinary retroversion and protrusion of the intestinal canal,
resulting probably from its having been fed for so long a time on a
food-plant unnatural to it. The chestnut leaves which were at first
given to the young larvee were refused. It not being convenient to
provide them with buttonwood, on which Harris represents them as
occurring, oak, mentioned by Abbot as one of their food-plants at
the South, was procured for them, upon which they fed, but at no
time in a very earnest manner. An attempt was afterward made to
transfer them to pine, on which Dr. Fitch states that they are almost
invariably found in the northern States,* but they were unwilling to
make the change.

Although the larvee above described were undoubtedly dwarfed by
their spare diet, the small dimensions after the fourth molt, as com-
pared with their mature size (three inches in length), would denote
at least one additional molting prior -to pupation. This would
appear to be established by observations made on larve subsequently
collected.

During the following month (September, 1869), from the 7th to
the 16th, fourteen individuals were taken by me, and as many'‘more
by Mr. Meske, of Albany, from the lower branches of a number of
pines (Pinus strobus) bordering a road in the Forbes manor, at Bath.
Their presence on a tree was in most instances readily revealed by the
large pellets of their excrement lying upon the smooth graveled road
beneath, when, from the robust form of the larva in marked contrast
with the slender leaves surrounding it, its resting-place was not difficult
to detect. On the 7th, one was taken which had just completed its last
molting; on the 9th one was observed in the process of molting,
which, from some irregularity attending it, had fallen to the ground ;
and on the same day one which had already assumed the brown or
tawny hue indicative of its full*maturity was taken while moving
down the trunk of a tree to seek its place for pupation. The most
advanced one of the others collected, matured on the 11th, and trans-
formed to a pupa on the surface of the ground on the 16th. Most of
the remainder entered the ground, where they constructed cells of
moderate dimensions for their pupal transformation.

The pupz were kept ina cold room during the winter. About
the Ist of March they were removed to a warm apartment. April
28th, May 3d and 7th, male imagines emerged, after which females
were disclosed until near the end of the month.

* Third, Fourth and Fifth Reports on the Insects of New York, 1859, Section 271.

154 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MusEwm.

In the fall of 1870 diligent search was made for the larva in the
loeality at Bath, where it had been abundant the preceding year,
as above recorded, without finding a single individual. Its non-
occurrence indicates a marked periodicity in the appearance of the
species or, possibly, an exhausted locality from the collections made.

A single specimen of the closely related species Citheronia regalis
Hiibner, has been taken near Albany, by Mr. Sautter, and I am
informed by Dr. M. Cooke, of Utica, N. Y., that its larva has been
found, on one occasion, in the vicinity of that city. I have not met
with it in my field collections.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 155

XIII. LARVAL NOTES ON ANISOTA SENATORIA (SMITH).

Moths were observed at Center, N. Y., July 7th, depositing their
eges on the under surface of leaves of oak, in regular distribution in
a single layer, and in contact with one another. <A leaf of Quercus
prinoides of ordinary size was collected, having one-half of its surface
covered with the eggs. From a count of a portion of the deposit, the
whole number was estimated at five hundred; still larger patches
have been observed. From the number usually occurring in these
deposits it may be presumed that the moth places all her eggs on a
single leaf unless disturbed during the operation.

The eggs hatched July 11th. The head of the young larva is oval
and glossy black. The body is pale yellow-green, with a few short
hairs; on the second segment are two smooth, straight, subcylin-
drical, black horns, arising from a green base, and with a shght enlarge-
ment at the apex, where they give out two black diverging sete of
the length of two-thirds that of the horn.

The young larvee feed in company, and oecupy both surfaces of the
leaf, the entire substance of which they consume, except the veins
and veinlets, leaving frequently a very good skeleton of the leaf.

The jirst molting occurred on the 18th and 19th of July. At this
stage the body is obscure green with seven fuscous lines, of which
the dorsal and stigmatal ones are narrow; the subdorsal and lateral
ones broader, having in them a row of short spines. Collar centrally
and anal segment, shining black. Legs, black; prolegs, with a
black spot outwardly.

Second molt—July 28th and 29th. Length of larva, 37-100ths
of an inch., Head and collar, glossy black. Horns, slightly spinose,
enlarged at the tip, and usually with apical spines. The abdominal
stripes are black, with yellow-brown intermediately, showing a broad
stigmatal stripe. The terminal segment is. spinose, and of a glossy
black.

Third molt—August 4th and 5th. Length, six-tenths of an inch.
The larva is glossy black, with eight yellow stripes, of which the lower
one is geminated by a crescent on the central portion of each seg-
ment inclosing a spinule; ventrally from the fifth segment is a yellow-

156 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

green interrupted stripe. ‘The horns are slightly tapering, clubbed
at their tips, and two-tenths of an inch long. The legs and prolegs
are black.

Fourth molt.—Extending from ‘August 14th to 16th. Imme-
diately following the molting, the head, collar, horns, anal shield,
anal plates and legs are flavescent; in a few hours they become
shining black. The horns are but slightly enlarged at the tip, being
less so than previous to this molt. The body is covered with numer-
ous, minute, shining, elevated points of the color of the ground upon
which they are placed.

The mature larva is so fully and accurately described by Drie

as not to need redescription here.
* Subsequent collections of larvee were made and inadvertently
added to the above, preventing the observation of the date of pupa-
tion of the brood. The pupation of the last occurred about the 15th
of September. Larvee were still observed in the field on the 30th of
September.

Dr. Eights, of Albany, has informed me that a number of years
ago he observed on the line of the New York Central railroad,
between Albany and Schenectady, a species of caterpillar so exceed-
ingly abundant on and about the railroad track that the numbers
crushed on the rails by the passage of the trains caused the slipping
of the wheels of the engines to the extent of proving a serious incon-
venience in ascending grades. A notice of the interesting incident
was communicated by him to one of the journals of the day, in which
some account of the caterpillar was given. Although from the long

time which has elapsed since the event he is not able to indicate
' positively the species, he believes it to have. been A. senatoria, and
the locality of its occurrence in the vicinity of Center.

This larva is found annually at Center in great abundance. In
the more favorable years for its multiplication, it abounds so exces-
sively that the smaller oaks, although very numerous there, are almost
as effectually defoliated as if a fire had swept over them. I have no
information of its occurrence in equal numbers at any other locality.

The congeners of this species, pelluceda, stigma, and rubicunda,
are rarely taken in the neighborhood of Albany. Of the latter
species the larva has not been observed, but a wing of the imago has
been found, by Mr. Meske, at Center.

* Third, Fourth, and Fifth Reports on the Insects of N. Y., 1859, section 822.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 157

XIV. CALENDAR OF BUTTERFLIES FOR THE YEAR 1870.

In the following table is contained a record of seventy-three species
of Rhopalocera observed at six localities in the State of New York
on thirty-five days during the spring and summer of 1870, com-
mencing with the 26th of April, the date of the first observed appa-
rition of Zhecla Jrus, and ending on September 22d.

The figures immediately below the several months give the day of
collection or observation. Underneath these the locality is indicated
in roman characters, I representing Schoharie; IV, Center; V, Beth-
lehem; VII, Bath; Sharon Springs designated by the letter A; and
Glen, in Warren county, by B. In a few instances where the appa-
rition of fresh individuals of a new brood was noted, the date is
indicated by the insertion of a larger star (*).

The greatest number of species observed in one day was twenty-
nine, at Center, on the 16th of June. The time of observation was
usually between the hours of 10 a. m. and 2 Pp. Mm.

The last column but partially represents the comparative abun-
dance of the several species, its more direct import being the continu-
—anee of the brood or a succession of broods. Thus, while C. Philodice
is recorded on twenty-eight occasions, Z. comyntas on twenty-two, C.
Americana. qn nineteen, P. Zroilus on sixteen, L. misippus on
fifteen, Jf. tharos on thirteen (each of these being double or triple
-brooded), of none of them were as many individuals seen as of Zhecla
Irus, which was observed on but eight occasions. If from this
comparison C. Philodice be omitted, the number of Z. Jrus
observed was at least three times as great as of any other of the

species. 7

The single observations recorded of several of the species, viz.,
A. Atlantis, A. Idalia, M. Harrisu, G. Dryas, P.:cardui, P. Ata-

lanta, H. Sassacus and ‘EL Leonardus, faithfully indicate their rarity
during this year at least, for of each of these but a single individual
was collected or i

The observations at Sharon Springs are by Mr. O. Meske, as are
also many of those at Bath, Bethlehem and Center.

158

TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

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ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS.

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TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

160

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tite seeeeeeress soup onsky viodsey
rete ee sseeees sohaueyr saLpeg viledsey
tisrseeeee sess oo numer snoesseg BiIadsey
Fiereeresees sss pmnoy guuBIE Biladsey
****+ o(-097 99 “ps10g) momngez, ellodseyy
tittesesere sees ssempar greta Blodsey
Hressses ssseessmpnog goo vltodseH
rie teesssessees sayyyT gniaoy SopBIuosINy
rresossses ss sur SNITIONT SopelMOsI NT
Trtstsessss npn” SITRIAR]Y SOPBIMOSINT
Hreteeesees ssponog snisieg SOpelwosiNy

“reese 9* (LOD) STTRUOANP SOPBIMOSIN
ieraeawnoneatke Cuqog) snIiyLy, snurepun
treterseess =*-0pnoy sopylkg snulEpuy
Terese CupsZ) SHAH snueydoss199

“"""(SuLuDFy7) BUBOILOULY snueydossiy9

LIS iS SO OA Illeppnog euwokTy

161

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS.

‘sLIBy snjpusbinu snsajdo1jezy yy
“MPT aoMnpq vrsadsazyz or

“‘ppnog yawalaby Diladsexy ¢

*ppnog snzoouvopy YrLadsazy 8

“ppnog snUoypoog “= Ssiliey youogoyy vradsezT g

‘NaT] 19 “PSIOG 204,72 snpowuulohjog +
"SLIIVE] DS0H2.198 0J90Y.T, ¢

"‘Q9'T 19 “PSIOY B0VSLV DPIC" z
‘SllIey woanpsiwg viyosnddyzy 1

‘SLIIBE] WOJDYP VrLedsaz] 1,
‘SILIvY DIINSUDA, D2Ladsaz 9
‘ppnog vuinbopont) "7

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oz! F@| 6] 6t| 8 | ee) ot} 9 | orla|/sisielalri poarosqo sotoeds Jo 1equinN

ee || Som |sor|| Celio lec rere eer) LOYLUINN sNolpeurAT,y,

weer ee

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Ee boc PH ean] etn | ses | ese | [carga (Sec || sent Pee |e Mae eet OO eieen sti * MpNOs IOSBSSBIN el1odsoyy

mecielesn:e Win, e1a¥e sO Up ueso'yT el1lodsoy
rete eeees ‘* npnog enbevyeuvyy vitodsoy
ele |e fe fe fe fed ede de |e |e [+ |e Jo cecece coeeeees(eqnpar) puaea BIdodsoH

Cte | Se . . . . . ele ce leet te aren Nf ce. | ee ecctey eis 6. 'Wiete Be ips) 0s be 6 Dsig Bulny siiodsey

DT EEE EEE

=
ie

162 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

The following are some notes made during the year 1870 on the
abundance, condition, time of appearance of sexes, successive broods,
larvee, et cet., of some of the species recorded in the preceding list :

May 3d.—Thecla [rus of each sex abundant at Center. Of 7.
Augustus, eight individuals were collected; of 7. niphon, five, and
of 7. Melinus, one. Of the Nisoniades, a few of Persius only were
observed. Preris oleracea was taken by me, for the first time in
Albany county.

May 14th.— Thecla /rus, with each sex in good condition, still abroad
at Center; the only Theclazobserved. A few females of .V. Persius
were taken for the first time this season, and one of JV. Juvenalis ; of
LN. Martials, two males. Of the earliest Hesperian, d/etea, two
males were obtained.

May 16th.—Five males of Wesoniades Lucilius were captured
while hovering over blossoms of Aquilegia Canadensis, and as many
more were observed. Avgynnis Bellona was abundant in wet mea-
dows. Five of Zhecla nuphon were taken, all of which were females ;
the larger number of the captures of this species prove to be of this
sex. Bethlehem.

May 19th.—Preris oleracea about gardens, in woods and its mar-
gins in meadows. WV. Lucdlous taken. Schoharie.

May 21st.—V. Persius abundant, and many quite fresh, with a few
only of WV. Juvenalis and Martialis. A female WV. Lucilius which
had just emerged from the chrysalis was taken while sitting on a
twig. Among numerous Lycena neglecta no females were seen, and
of Z. comyntas but a single female. The abundant brood of 7. Jrus
was represented by only a few worn specimens. Two males of Hes-
perra vialis were collected and several of Hf. Metea. A female Chry-
sophanus Americana was taken, indicating the species to have been
abroad for several days. Center.

May 25th.—Of the Nisoniades, Juvenales and Jcelus were abun-
dant, Martialis and Lucihus quite few in number. Several of each
sex of Hesperia Hianna were obtained, and one H. Zabulon. Of

‘Lycena Scudderit—its first observation for the season—a single
one only was seen. One female of Z. neglecta occurred. Center.

May 28th.—At Schoharie, a few P. oleracea were seen, the first
brood having nearly disappeared. Its eggs and some young larve
were found on horse-radish. On June 12th none of the butterflies
could be seen.

May 31st.—Z. neglecta abounded in flocks; ZL. Scudderte was not

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 163

rare. Of Hesperia Hianna twenty captures were made, and more
could have been secured. Center.

June 7th.—Collected twelve Melitea Batesii, one of which was a
female. Females of Z. Scudderi have appeared.

June 16th.— Melitwa Batesit were abundant ; of I. Vycters, only
a few were observed. Of Hesperia bimacula, seven males and one
female were collected ; of Chrysophanus [Hyllus, three, and of Aelita
Phaeton, six.

June 29th.—Meliteas very abundant at Center; of W/. Vycteis,
only males occurred. No Nisoniades were seen.

July 2d.—Females of JZ. WVycters were abundant.

July 6th.—At Bethlehem, males of Argynnis Aphrodite and of A.
Cybele abundant. In a number of captures of these species, no
females occurred. Satyrus Alope abundant.

July 9th.—At Center, the second brood of Lycwna Scuddervi very
abundant in the roads, on flowers and on leaves; threw the net over |
fifteen individuals at once. On a small patch of damp ground in the
road a large number had assembled, estimated at two hundred.
Several Theclas were taken while resting on the flowers of Ceanothus
Americanus (Jersey tea). Six of Hesperia Logan were captured, all
of which were males.

July 138th.— ZL. Seuddertt quite abundant, and among them many.
females. Limenitis misippus was more numerous than ever before
observed by me. Individuals of a second brood of Wisoniades Mar-
tialis were taken which show some difference of color from those of
the first brood; they were at first believed to be a distinct species.
Center.

July 17th.—The second brood of Peris oleracea which has been
numerous for a time past, has disappeared, only one individual having
been observed. Schoharie.

July 20th.—A larva of Danais Plexippus changed to a chrysalis,
from which it emerged on the 28th.

July 2ist.—Larva of Papilio Troilus found on sassafras, and two
of P. Turnus on wild-cherry, resting each on a web spun over the
upper surface of a leaf, drawing the sides somewhat together and
depressing the midvein a little distance beneath the web. Limenitis
misitppus abundant; Lycena Scudderit diminishing; a few good
Thecla Mopsus still abroad; 7. Hdwardsi quite worn ; all the other
species of diurnals observed were worn except C. Americana, of
which there are successive broods throughout the season.

164 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

July 24th.—Pvreris rape was recognized, for the first time, -in
Albany. A few were seen flying about piles of cabbages exposed
upon the sidewalk at some vegetable stands in the south part of the
city, and in one instance alighting upon a cabbage as if to deposit an
egg. On the 27th many were seen and several were captured in a
vegetable garden at the extreme southern part of the city, near “the
Island,” upon which cabbages are extensively cultivated. Upon
visiting the island, they were found to be so abundant that several
could be observed at any moment hovering over or alighting on the
plants. Many were attracted by the blossoms of Lappa officinalis
(burdock) growing abundantly upon the bank of Island creek ; on one
plant ten were counted, intent on taking their food from the flowers.
Of the thirty individuals collected, two-thirds were males which
were nearly all in good condition, while the females were worn.
This butterfly is more difficult to capture on the wing than oleracea,
for while the flight is not more rapid than of that species, it is undoubt-
edly more erratic, for less than one-third of my attempts to inclose
them in the net were successful.

July 25th.—No P. oleracea were observed at Schoharie, but some
full-grown larvee were collected from horse-radish, and a few of its
chrysalides were found.

July 28th.—A large number of larvee of Wisoniades Lucilius were
found resting concealed on the under surface of leaves of Agudlegea
Canadensis, growing abundantly in an elevated rocky locality in
Bethlehem. Their shelter, as observed in numerous specimens col-
lected at this time and in larvee subsequently taken, is constructed in
a very ingenious manner. Shortly after the larva leaves its shell, and
with its first feeding it commences to cut a narrow channel in the ©
leaf from the margin inwardly a short distance; this completed, from
another point on the margin not far removed from the first, a second
channel is cut, curving toward the former, the two not uniting, but
frequently running parallel for a short space. The portion thus
nearly separated retains its connexion with the leaf by only a pedi-
cel-like attachment. Its own weight carries it downward to nearly
the position which it is to assume, when a very slight effort by the
young larva serves to bring it to its desired place, almost in contact
with the lower side of the leaf, to which it is then fastened by threads
passing between the two surfaces at several points. Sometimes, as
if with the object of economizing time or labor, the lobe of a leaf is
selected of which to construet this shelter, when but a moderate

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 165

amount of cutting at its base gives the requisite size and desired
form.

Resting upon the inside of this recurved portion, the larva may
always be found, except during the brief time that it leaves its con-
cealment to take its food from some neighboring leaf. Its rapid
feeding soon satisfies its appetite, when it moves quickly back and .
resumes its position. In localities where the larva occurs, these
hiding-places may be readily found by bending over the stems of the
Aquilegia, when these little bits of the bright green upper surface of
the leaf, in marked contrast with the grayish-green of the lower side
upon which they rest, at once disclose their presence. Should one of
them be found deserted, its former occupant may perhaps be dis-
covered on a leaf near by, within a larger retreat of similar construc-
tion. From the gradation of sizes observed, it is probable that fol-
lowing each molting a new shelter is constructed, of a size sufficient
to cover the larva during that stage of growth, until at the last larval
molting, when an entire leaf is simply folded over, or two or more
leaves have to be brought together in order to afford the necessary
concealment.

Some of the larvee taken at this time had undergone their third |
molt, many their second, and the larger number their first. About
one hundred were collected, and two eggs near their development.

Fresh broods of Argynnis Myrina and A. Bellona were observed
on mint blossoms ; also many Hesperia Peckius, Limenitis misippus
and Lhymelicus Numitor. Bethlehem.

July 30th.—Limenitis misippus abundant and easily captured.
A tew Hesperia Peckius seen. Some Lycena comyntas in good
condition, but LZ. Seudderii quite worn. A few Thecla Mopsus, a
little worn, on blossoms of J ersey tea. Some P. oleracea, but no

. P. rape observed. Center.

July 31st.—The third brood of P. oleracea quite abundant at
Schoharie.

August 6th—At Saratoga Springs, saw a number of Pieris rape
in company with P. oleracea, flying about gardens and blossoms of
burdock in vacant lots.

August 8th.—At the Glen, Warren county, Preris rape was numer-
ous, and its larvae were found on garden cabbages, usually feeding on the
tender central leaves of the plant, unlike oleracea, which more fre-
quently occur on the older outer leaves. On a small central leaf of
a plant commencing to form a head, three lary were feeding, the

166 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

ravages of which, in their progress to maturity, in all probability
would have prevented the heading of the plant. Of several of the
plants the central leaves had been nearly consumed, and an amount ~
of excrementitious matter was distributed about their stalks by larvee —
which had matured and probably transformed to the butterflies
which were then flitting about the garden. A rape chrysalis was
observed, attached to the midrib of one of the larger leaves. Between
Saratoga and the Glen several of Danais Plexippus were seen in grace-
ful flight. At the Glen, Colias Philodice occurred in companies, upon
damp patches of ground. Argynnis Cybele and A. Atlantis were
captured on the flowers of Canada thistle. Chrysophanus Ameri-
cana was very abundant. A single Lycena comyntas was seen, and
a Grapta in flight, of which the species could not be determined.

August 15th.—At Schoharie, P. oleracea of the third brood, more
abundant than at any time previously this year.

Two colonies of Vanessa DMilberti larvee were taken on nettle
_ (Ortica dioica), the one apparently after the first molting, and the
other after the third. The larve of the former were feeding in com-
_ pany near the tip of a stem, and on one of the terminal leaves was a
cluster of the egg-shells from which they had emerged.

August 18th.—Fourteen larve of Pieris rape were collected, all of
which had transformed to chrysalides by the 21st; the last imago from
these emerged on the 30th.

August 22d.—Larve of Pyrameis Atalanta abundant within
folded leaves of the nettle; some of the larvee were nearly mature,
and others about half-grown.

August 26th.—A few young larvee of Lemenitis misippus were found
on poplat and willow. One on the willow had, at this early period,
commenced the construction of its hybernaculum, and another had
built its peculiar structure of bits of leaf on the mid-vein.

Collected ten Wisoniades Lucilius of the third (¢) brood, most of
which were males. <A few of the larvee, nearly full-grown were found
within their leaf shelters on the Aquilegia, but none of the chrysal-
ides or their cases could be discovered, although careful search was
made for them.

Hesperia Peckius, Argynnis Bellona and A. Myrina, were abun-
dant on mint. Danais Plexippus was more numerous than I had
ever seen it. ,

August 29th.—The third brood of P. oleracea is nearly gone. As
near as can be determined from visits regularly made to Schoharie,

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 167

at intervals of a week, the three broods of the above species have had,
during the present year, a continuance of about a month each, the
last brood probably continuing for a few days longer. Approximate
periods of their duration would be, of the first brood, from May 5th
to June 5th; second brood, from June 20th to July 20th; third
brood, from July 28th to September 1st.

Nisoniades Lucilius emerged after thirteen days in the chrysalis
state. The larva had been reared in confinement, and was transformed
to a chrysalis among the leaves of its food-plant.

August 31st.—EHight males of the hitherto rare Hesperia Leon-
ardus were collected on the summit of a hill at Center, indicating it |
to be partial to elevated ground. Several L. comyntas of a new °
brood were taken, and also fresh specimens of Vanessa Antiopa.

September 9th.—At Bethlehem collected several males of WViso-
niades Lucilius, with some of its larvee just from the egg, and others
half-grown. Argynnis Myrina were observed in copula. Of Hes-
peria Taumas, usually rare, six males and one female were collected.

September 14th.—Argynnis Jdalia was taken for the first time in
the vicinity of Albany. Young larve of Z. misippus and WV. Luci-
ius were observed. Bethlehem.

October 21st.—On ‘the Island” collected numbers of the chrysal-
ides of P. rape which were attached to the under surface of the
stems of the coarser weeds lying on the ground. Several were taken
from the lower side of prostrate pieces of timber. None were found
upon the trunks of trees or standing weeds, nor on fences, except at
one place where tomato vines had grown over the lower board,
affording a partial protection. A few larve were found suspended,
and nearly ready for transformation, and a few were still remaining
on the plants.

From a portion of the above collection of chrysalides placed in a
box, there were obtained during the winter ten male and thirteen
female imagines. |

168 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

XV. DATES OF COLLECTION OF SOME HETEROCERA FOR 1870. 7

SPHINGIDA. |
Sesia, diftimis L707°708. + spat oid a'cgd suche 9 gy shel dred, ad eh erat eet ee May 21..
Sesia gracilis Gr.-Lob...0.......- Ly sail nerete: dba 2 May 25.
Sesia Buffaloensis (7.-fob., larva........0...--20 cee ee Aug. 22.
_ Philampelus Pandorus (//iibner)—=P. Satellitia Harris.... June 21.
Philampelus achemomn ‘(Drwny)ociis sinos). ail: Gaya. seen June 23.
Smerinthus;ceminatus,S@yi.| las jeri hdd) «th. cee) oe ee
Ceratomia Amyntor (fibner)=C. quadricornis Harris.... June 19.
Macrosila quinquemaculata (Haworth).......... June 24, Sept. 26.
Sphinx chersis (/Ziibner)—=S. cinerea Harris..... June 5, June 24.
Sphinx drupater aru tagSi2,- Asha «seer Maw June 11, June 24.
Spl x¢kcalo ise Sw2.cADOX. Sev icnevpat aereisrert « ¢-sheye chk | mene June 24.
Sphinx gordius Cramer... . «51 ey detent: May 19, June 24. |
Bompycip2.
Hudtyas Crate (O07) on ocak nee le hone en July
Peay as MIO LOT) ces aes Gin oue meh seca las elie eae July
DCepsis TUL VICOING (7208. Ve a on de et his cyan ae Sept.
Chemucha yireimica,( CRGLD,) 0 sm o- eaihr «annie ae eee June 6.
Spilocoma ‘virginica (Chabr ye 22. ps = ate el, April 27, May 21.
ty olbamirtapheRtOr LICHT OS cen ie ates weenie paki eee May 25.
Kepantheria seribomia { ubner), larva........-. 2-5. ee Aug. 15.
epantheria, scombenia, ex larvase 0 cnc sae ae. e bee Nov.
HL ACOM er CUISD ALA: LP OCKOT Oo te tee eek ech at eee June 16.
Himpretia stimulea, Clemens, larVan. 2. . = «ss sie Gee Aug. 30.
Limacodes scapha (darris), larva....0..-..4..- GON Sept. 16.
Perophors Melsheimern Harris (00) 220 i) ail eee ", June
Cerminawerealis ar77s, larva... 2 esac. scenes ee Aug. 26.
Venatlenea: Miia CO) roe ames els cat Aan cere Sept. 19.
Eacles impenalis (O7ury), larva. snes: a he ss ee 2 Sept.
Amesota stroma (S77 A b.))\ larva <0). jeipecoode sles. sale ee eae Sept.
ATMS OA SEMALOMMA SMe. ALO.) o's i alae aly nt ah Caneel arene June 16.
Chisigeampa, decipiens, Walle... cre airs wave tee +s. ally

Jbyiibe leo) wl ove € Fick es MAR I MeR eee mete tente tans WR UNC RNG SUCRE May 16.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS.

Nocrvuiw2.

mere UNIVMUCES FAG a 8 8 so a Sel S eel oc Sept.
memes WHS (702. a es so ev la alah «and point Sept.
Hydreecia sera (r.-fob.......... 8 REN, a bebepehsts subs dua July
rma SUNIX Cp WEI as als. 5 Fos oo ait wo Laiqc heey p> mb eeeye July
Seemienta autummalis f72ley.. 6) i... ec ee ee ses Sept.
0 SE STSNSUS 22027, ee ee Sept.
mmacophera anodonta Guen........2 60 0cee seen eee ness July
Pemerete acipira, (14000). osc wc ie asin! oes ceases es June
UME aE LOTS CZ MC ol cas awe eats 2 wie aia ers Se lems 0 males May
Bee SW UNClS GT HLL0D. So nje wwe sing cc hacen ee ene June
Peeremenenonodi (Albeit). . 24.2.5 cee seek ceed ce tee’ July
Pee reLNUNIEL 477-1200. os. 8s bse ne ae ele cn ee ss Sept.
RMR MONCAN GWM 6 eid eg sak ood wala es ag nee eens July
Memes imbermedia. SVCyer...-. .c0ecnse tern rcr aca nies May

Bemmrapliats gorda GUen.: 2.6. ce ee ee cee eet eke ee July
Deena Wer PET IS GUC oo a esi mls seas wd welece ala a's. oa oh July
eI IGN GWM... as sc dle dec eicn'n cans tesa esas ees Sept.
Pumninpyrs pyramidoides (/7n.).... 2... 225.0008 025s eee July
© UNE ee RINSE GT Oa IT 7170) a i July
Memieala ceroeama GUC. 6. ney ee necgies es vee sees cae July
Ree Cha GE oo Gen aw 6 Anes tied om Sox gies nee July
EMM CREAN OM sc i Gn ew us Sd so tee eh deme oat Aug.
erm Mab tl Ute ee See edn s sales ipinphbin wecee & = Sept.
Batocala amatrix Hibn............. pares Sib eu Aiea a cgay Sept.
m@irasteria erechtea (Cram). ... 6-20-2020 eee nes May 16, Sept.
Drasteria erechtea (Cram.), larva... . 02.60.0200. 2000088 Oct.

Samide cnspides, L1a00. sis 652i en os eine dees es ees May

oaphila quadritilaris (Hibn.).........22.-+66- May 21, June

PHALENIDS.

Putrapela transversata (Drury)... 2.2. ccseee esses cee ees July
mngerona crocataria (/abr.):.........- 565+ aa dd ca as June
mucropia ferrugimaria ‘Pack. MS... 2.0.6 ...6 6022S aes sos June
Brel Obata 2067 ee. oi pte 55 nae ss ee eae o Wines May

sii WIM Cl eta MUIOL ow ees uss sk one eeleaein apheie ee oes Sept.
Sema: eilanser Sl oT LAG UCM 2 os Ss ou Scascl oS eransheatala aoe 4 May
Perripereemiclataid,? WW aie Os.) ws eens epee bok 9 0's May

Prmorraming. peLraklia IGM. 6.0.2 ce yo hw da woe June

169

170 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Numeria, obiirmarta 77ibi 2s 0.5) dain sie eee May
Fidonia. bicolorarta J/dn0t «6.0 2. sia 0 25. de peepee ee May
Eleematopis wrataria (2 wbr:)ie te voce ts ieee eee eee May
Aspilates dissimuilaria 7b. ov. 52ii 7424 tess ee ee June
Crochiphoraraccessaria Aubin: 220225222 hen ee May

Zerene catenaria (Ovdm:).000 22.2 es ses tile: ee eee Sept.

. +4

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= doy] | “STP TEN snyy eye}S

ASCENT OF MT. SEWARD AND ITS BAROMETRICAL
MEASUREMENT.

SamurL B. Wootworts, LL.D.,
Secretary of the Board of Regents of the State of New York:

Dear Sir.—I herewith respectfully submit to you the report of
my recent explorations in the Adirondack wilderness of Northern
New York.

The main object of the expedition was the barometric measure-
ment of Mt. Seward, a lofty peak, of the ascent of which there is no
record, and the height of which remained in doubt. Prof. Emmons,
while engaged in the suryey of the second geological district of the
State, estimated the elevation at 5,100 feet above tide; but as he
neither ascended the mountain, nor attempted its measurement by
triangulation, there seems to have been no basis for such a conjecture.

Mt. Seward—called by the Mohawk Indians Ow-kor-lah, or the
* hig-eye ”’—is nearly upon the most southern boundary of the county
of Franklin, in Great tract No. 1, township twenty-seven of Macomb’s
purchase; north latitude about 44° 10’, and longitude, west from
Greenwich, 74° 0’. It is, with the numerous lesser peaks connected
with it, the most westwardly of the Adirondack, hyperite group.
Kast from it is Wallface mountain of the Indian Pass, and more dis-
tant, Mt. Tahawus or Marcy, the summit of the range and of the
State, raising its gray peak 5,467 feet above the sea. South of Mt.
Seward are the Preston ponds and their outlet, Cold river, which
empties into the Raquette just below Long lake. The Raquette
river might, perhaps, be called its western boundary; its northern
limit, but for Moose mountain and Ampersand pond, would be the
well-known Saranac lakes.*

In this expedition my route was from Albany, via Saratoga up the
Hudson, and to Indian lake in Hamilton county; thence crossing

* In the accompanying plate the numerous lofty peaks forming the back-ground of the picture,
taken together constitute what is locally known as Mt. Seward. Some of the highest points are here
shown, but the summit, lying back, nearly eastward of them, is probably not visible from any point
on Long lake. The ascent was made from the right, up and along the range of minor peaks shown.

Inca-pah-cho is the old Indian name for Long lake, and has heretofore been little used. It implies
lake-of-basswoods, or linden-water.

172 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

the woods to the beautiful and deservedly famous Blue Mountain
lakes. Here guide and canoe awaited me, and, after tarrying to
make the ascent of Blue mountain (Mt. Emmons), I passed over the
_ lakes, and, by way of Marion river, reached Lake Raquette. It may |
be here remarked that the whole distance, from Blue mountain to the
foot of Mt, Seward, might almost be made without leaving the canoe
or boat ; lakes and rivers, for some fifty or sixty miles, forming the
tortuous highway.

At Lake Raquette I found the guide whom I had selected to
accompany me in the ascent of the mountain,—an elderly man, mus-
cular, energetic, born and bred a hunter and skilled in wood-craft.
A short day’s journey, by Forked lake and Raquette river, brought
myself and guide to the settlement on Long lake. Here I consulted
Mitchell Sabbattis, the famous Indian, and others acquainted with
the region near Mt. Seward, and was confirmed in a plan which I
had formed of attempting the ascent at the south side, from the
direction of the Preston ponds. Sabbattis affirmed that Mt. Seward
had never been ascended, and certainly never measured, or he would
have known of it. One of the lower peaks had been ascended and

called Mt. Seward.* | |

_ The morning of October 18th, 1870, was bright and pleasant, and
found us struggling to push our boat up the rapids of Cold river; a
beautiful crystalline stream—haunt of the trout—which, fed by the
springs on the mountain slopes, rushes sparkling down to pour its icy
flood into Raquette river, a short distance below Long lake. From
the foot of that lake we had seen the outlying ridges of Mt. Seward;
now the forest which walled in the river concealed it from view. At
length our progess became so slow, and the rapids so frequent, that
drawing the boat ashore, we hid it, with my rifle and other luggage,
in a thick copse.

Having lunched, we started to follow the north bank of the river,
toward the Preston ponds, taking a sled-road leading to certain
deserted lumber shanties, distant seven or eight miles, where we
expected to camp that night.

We were armed each with a hunting knife and revolver,—the guide

* Since writing the above I have been informed that Prof. A. Guyot had previously made the ascent
of Mt. Seward, and, in answer to an inquiry, he has kindly given me some notes of his expedition.
The starting point was Adirondack village, and the time occupied two days. Mr. Ernest Sandoz, his
nephew, undertook the ascent and measurement, but had the misfortune to cut his foot, which made
the ascent the more difficult, after which he suffered an additional disheartening misfortune, in
breaking his barometer before reaching the top of the mountain, My observations, therefore, seem
to be the first ever taken upon the summit of Mt. Seward.

BAROMETRICAL MEASUREMENT OF Mi. SEWARD. 173

_ earrying in a pack three days’ provisions, rubber and woolen blankets,

and in his hand a hatchet. I was encumbered only with my baro-

meter and satchel containing sketch-book and maps.
Our course along the river bank was a slow but constant ascent, as
was proved by the numberless rapids and several falls which at short

distances made the hurrying water whiten to foam. Step by step

the stream descended its channel, and now our approach to the true
Adirondacks became obvious. In the bed of the river were nume-
rous huge boulders of labradorite rock or feldspar—sometimes called
hypersthene granite—of the familiar bluish, ashen hue, which gives

the beds of these mountain streams so peculiar an appearance.

Before nightfall we had reached the terminus of the sled road, not
far westward from the Preston ponds, but returned to make our camp
in one of the old, long deserted lumber shanties. During the night
sparks from the camp-fire canght in the roof; fortunately the flames
were extinguished before they were beyond control, or the instruments
on which the success of the expedition depended, might have been
destroyed. ;

October 14th.—The camp was about thirty feet above Cold river,
the banks of the stream being very steep. When we awoke, clouds
and fog enveloped everything, and a drizzling rain was falling.
Before 9 a. m. the fog lifted, the rain ceased, and finally, the clouds
broke a little, though the mountains were still obscured. There was
no wind. This was the first station where observations were made,
four readings being taken.

Hour. Barometer. Attd. Ther. Detd. Ther.
he) 8.05 ean 28.150 inch. 52° 5 .Fah. 53. 0 Pah;:
Ree ss Ok Po ciig hare i RAE
See EE Oe i, AS 200" DS AS BA Hy
may $s Doligdawers 8 6225,‘ HAP} Thy ss 54S Ones

I had previously determined the compass direction of the moun-

tain, and notwithstanding the dubious state of the weather, set out

immediately to commence the ascent. At the south, or south-east,
Mts. Henderson and Santanoni were, alone of all the peaks, visible ;
and even their summits were hidden in the clouds. Taking a north-
easterly course, we struck directly into the forest toward a small
mountain, whence we might be able better to select the way. Our

174 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MuseEum.

progress was slow, for, as there was no trail, my guide took the pre-
caution to blaze the path, by chopping upon the trees every fifty or

a hundred feet, and continued so to do, with great labor, through-

out the Gay.

At length, reaching the height we had in view, we were disap-
pointed to find it overlooked by another erest, more lofty than the
one which we had climbed, and separated from us by a slight depres-
sion. Believing that from its top we would be able to discover Mt.
Seward, we addressed ourselves to the task and laboriously climbed
it, only, to discover two loftier peaks towering opposite, beyond and
above which the clouds, as they drifted, at times opened to view a
misty summit higher than all. It was evident that we were already
upon the slopes of the mountain. A narrew valley was between us
and the opposite peaks ; descending into it, we found the forest car-
peted with deep, wet, sphagnous moss. Again ascending, the slope
became all but precipitous; yet, by means of small trees, tnainly
silver-birches, we drew ourselves up.

Here the guide called my attention to a tree with its bark and

wood torn by the claws of some large beast. In another place a bear ©

had bitten a fallen tree to the core, and elsewhere left marks of his —
teeth on the wood. The tracks of deer and other wild animals were |
also observed, some of which were very recent; the deep moss was _

like snow and retained the impressions.

With much labor we at length climbed a ease and saw no more

peaks above us; the valley we had left was far down, and the sur-
rounding country, wherever the eye could reach, spangled with lakes.
Now the forest began to show that we had attained an altitude
where vegetable life recoiled; the trees, principally Canada balsam,

spruce and white birch, were dwarfed and stunted, being barely ©

fifteen or twenty feet high. The abundant, deep moss was a sponge
of icy water, so cold as to make our feet ache as we stood. In clam-
bering upon hands and knees, as we were often compelled to do, we
were wetted to the skin, waist high. Our breath was visible in the
cold air, which chilled us through our wet clothing; yet the day,
though windy, was now bright and clear.

After a hasty repast, we hurried along the ridge to gain the highest
point upon it, being anxious to accomplish our work and descend
part-way the same afternoon; not wishing to camp in that wet, cold
region, where sleep, if possible, would be extremely hazardous.

About 3 p. M. we seemed to have gained the highest point on the

BAROMETRICAL MEASUREMENT OF MT. SEWARD. 175

ridge, though the thick, miniature forest, obscured the view, telling

by‘its presence—before I had glanced at the instruments—that we
were still far beneath the height ascribed to the mountain. Baromet-
rical observations were here taken ; cloud fragments drifting through
the forest, the while.

Hour. Barometer. Attd. Ther. Detd. Ther.

CS 25.900 inch. | 44° Fah. 40° Fah.
ar oe cc a 25.940 ‘ 1 ta ager
ST ec eee 2.900 7 5 Math ey ela
ere ners Sy OS, A S50C 5 a 37° 6<

Hardly had the above ‘been noted before my guide, who
had wandered off, returned to announce a still higher point in
| view. The barometer was returned to its case, and we hurried on.
The balsam trees continued to dwindle in height, until we stood
/upon an opencrest. The world seemed all below us; but northward,
half a mile away, a lofty summit reared itself, grizzly with dead and
| withered balsams, struggling to keep their hold upon the rock that
_here and there looked out gloomily ; it was Mt. Seward. Between
us and it was an abyss through which clouds floated.

__ It was a grand, though disheartening spectacle; so near, yet seem-
ingly inaccessible. The afternoon was nearly spent; it was evident
| that we would now be compelled to camp amid the clouds. How-
_ ever, evening and twilight continue upon the mountains long after
| the valleys are dark with shadows, and we determined to improve
the time by attempting the passage of the gorge. At length, as the
_ clouds parted, we noticed a narrow ridge, or “ horse-back,” far below,
which crossed the deep valley, and on which it seemed that one
: might pass over. _

_ Starting to descend, we discovered snow in small quantity, the
/ remains of a last winter’s drift, lying exposed to the air, discolored
| and icy. Its preservation thus must be exceptional. Descending
| amidst precipitous rocks, we reached the “horse-back,” and, by
_ hastening, were able at nightfall to cross the deep valley. With the
| last rays of the sun upon us, we formed a camp just below the true
summit of the mountain, on the edge of the impenetrable thicket of
dwarf balsams.

176 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

There was no spring, but water was easily procured by pulling up
moss; the space thus made being soon filled with excellent cold
water which, when settled, was sufficiently clear for use. The night
came down dark and chill, and a strong westerly wind made the
camp-fire burn fiercely. The rubber blanket, spread upon a thick
bed of balsam boughs, kept me from the wet moss, and some of the
small trees, piled bodily to windward, tempered the blast ; the rear —
of the camp being a large rock.

At about eight o’clock in the evening the sky was ghia by
that brilliant aurora borealis which excited such attention through-
out the northern hemisphere by its wonderful iridescence, and
brought the inhabitants of beleaguered Paris upon their ramparts,
to gaze with awe at a manifestation by many deemed of dire import.
It shot up from the north-west, and, passing over to the east, formed
a broad crimson belt overhead ; while the whole dome of the heavens
was lit with silvery glory, which flashed and swayed in seeming con-
cord with the eddies of a gale then whirling round the mountain.
With every wave and brightening of the aurora a sighing, whisper-
ing sound was heard, like the rustling of great folds of silk, which
my guide assured me was the “ noise of the northern light.” At the
north-western horizon pencils of blue darted up toward the zenith,
but I was in doubt whether the color was not that of the sky, seen
through intervals in the auroral cloud. The rays seemed to center a
few degrees south of the zenith. The display lasted long into the
night. The guide, who was without coat or blanket, kept himself
warm by chopping fire-wood, and we hailed the day with
pleasure.

October 15th.—We had not far to ascend from our camp, before
we reached a dense growth of dwarf balsam trees, which form a bar-
rier to the summit. They were at first about seven or eight feet
high ; with much labor we pushed or chopped our way through
them, their branches being stiff and numberless and intricately
locked. At 8 a. m. we walked upon the trees, which had dwindled
to great shrubs, flattened to the ground, with long, spreading, lateral
branches, and stood at last upon the summit. /

The view hence was magnificent, yet differing from other of the
loftier Adirondacks, in that no clearings were discernible ; wilderness
everywhere; lake on lake, river on river, mountain on mountain,
numberless. Northward was Whiteface mountain ; then shone the —
lower Saranac lake, half hidden by Moose mountain, while below glit-

:

BAROMETRICAL MEASUREMENT OF Mr. SEWARD. C77

tered Ampersand * pond. Looking eastward the mass of the Adiron-
dack was seen, a sea of peaks; nearer, the serrate crest of Mt. McIn-
tyre reared itself; but nearer still was Wallface mountain, viewed not
from the east, but from the west; the reverse slopes descending
steeply into a dark but broad valley, which seemed even deeper than the
Adirondack or Indian Pass upon the other side of the mountain,
yet, though gloomy with precipices, lacking the tremendous cliffs
which give so much interest to the more famous gorge. A similar
locality, somewhere in this neighborhood, was called by the Indians
Ouluska. As Indian terminology is now generally preferred to
modern names, I suggest this for the pass discovered.

The day was clear but cold, and a strongly westerly wind blowing.
The hypsometric observations were as follows:

—

Hour. Barometer. Attd. Ther. Detd. Ther.
~ hs. 2 ae ee 25.600 inch. aq? 0 Fah. 45° 0 Fah.
> See ee 25.600 ‘* A £4 ly
ERS aie cielo’: os Zox0ne | ° he a 42°50 =
0 fs ae De. 625 = ABP IIo H7ag *
| ES ge eee 25.640 435 105 af Aa ayiok
2.2) he ee are 95.600 * ADS Aa, ae 49° 0. 5

The height of the mountain had indeed been over-estimated. Of
the 5,100 feet attributed to it, it lacked 638 feet; the elevation as
measured being 4,462 feet above tide-level, or the sea.

The substance of the mountain was found to be labradorite rock ;
fragments broken from the summit exhibited crystals of opalescent
feldspar, with beautiful play of colors ; magnetic iron also occurred in
small fragments scattered through the rock. It was late in the sea-
son for botanical observations, but the flora appeared similar to that
of the neighboring summits which I have visited.

Of the provisions carried with us, there now remained only sufii-
cient for one light meal. Since leaving the boat, it had taken us
two days and a portion of a third to make the ascent, and we were
now in the depths of the wilderness.

About 10 a. m. we commenced the descent, taking a new course
west of south, and, under powerful incentives, by dint of rapid and

*‘* Ampersand.”’ I believe this to be incorrect etymology, and do not think that it is derived from
the and-per-se-and termination of old alphabets; but attribute the name to the bright, yellow sandy

_ shores and islands, which make it truly Amber-sand lake.

12

178 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT on THE STATE MUSEUM.

hazardous traveling, at nightfall reached the boat, where our extra
provisions and baggage were found undisturbed.

During the descent, near the foot of the mountain, we observed
some scattering giant white-pines, some of which seemed to be
between 150 and 200 feet in height, with diameter in proportion.
The rest of the forest was dwarfed by their presence. On my return
to Albany, I passed out of the wilderness by the Fulton chain of
lakes, into Lewis county, and thence via Utica.

The barometer used was a mercurial cistern instrument, deer-skin
bottom and brass scale. Before starting upon the expedition it was
compared with the standard at the Dudley Observatory, and fortu-
nately, for in returning it was broken. ‘The deductions from the
observations hereinbefore given have been calculated by Prot. Hough
of the Dudley Observatory, which was the station for corrections.
I inclose a note giving the results:

“ DupLEY OBSERVATORY,
Dec. 15th, 1870.

“ Dear Sir.—In accordance with your request, | have computed
the height of your stations on Mt. Seward, from the barometrical
observations you furnished me.

‘““The observations were reduced to thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit,
and compared directly with the records given by our automatic
registering instruments.

“The following is the data used :

Mr. SEWARD. DUDLEY OBSERVATORY.
DATE,
‘ Stations.
OcTOBER, 1870. No. of Barometer |Temp.of| Barometer | Temp. of
readings. 382 deg. air. 382 deg. air.

14th, 8.45a.mjNo.1| 4 | 98.144 | 54° | 29.769 | 55
14th, 3.30pm] “ 2) 4 | 25.905 | 38° | 29.779 | 56
15th, 9.15a.m] “ 3] 6 | 25.580 | 48° | 99.980 | 50

‘As your barometer had previously been compared with our
standard, and found to give essentially the same readings, no correc-
tion for scale has been necessary.

“At the time of the observations at the three stations, the varia-
tion of pressure was as follows :

BAROMETRICAL MEASUREMENT OF MT. SEWARD. 179

“Station No. 1, barometer rising 0.004 inches hourly.
A 2, Aish, oi aricttrnen (01 Oy 4) 6 es
‘ 3, oS i ea llimg 0.002 0:5" ‘

“As the longitude of Mt. Seward does not differ more than one
minute of time from that of the Dudley Observatory, the observations
may be directly compared with our own, without any sensible error.

‘The following results have been deduced:

Height above the Height above

STATION. Dudley Observat’y. tide-water.
Beenie Loess et ao. Bs TOTS. 1,544 feet.| 1,714 feet.
ll ch RES 3 DS 9 St 900s is ne a Sa ees 8,943 “
ie ho, ee WAS eR MO es ciststat def: 4,292 % 4,462 *“*

“The height of the barometer at the Dudley Observatory is.
assumed to be 170 feet above tide in the Hudson river. |
Very truly yours,
Gs, LOU) G Er.

Director.”
VERPLANCK Corvin, Esq.”

Before closing this report, I desire to call your attention to a sub-
ject of much importance. The Adirondack wilderness contains the
springs which are the sources of our principal rivers, and the feeders
of the canals. Each summer the water supply for these rivers and
canals is lessened, and commerce has suffered. The United States
government has been called upon, and has expended vast sums in
the improvement of the navigation of the Hudson; yet the secret

origin of the difficulty seems not to have been reached.

The immediate cause has been the chopping and burning off of
vast tracts of forest in the wilderness, which have hitherto sheltered
from the sun’s heat and evaporation the deep and lingering snows,
the brooks and rivulets, and the thick, soaking, sphagnous moss
which, at times knee-deep, half water and half plant, forms hanging
lakes upon the mountain sides; throwing out constantly a chilly
atmosphere, which condenses to clouds the warm vapor of the winds,
and still reacting, resolves them into rain.

It is impossible for those who have not visited this region to
realize the abundance, luxuriance and depth which these peaty

~mosses—the true sourees of our rivers—attain under the shade of

180 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

those dark, northern, evergreen forests. The term “ hanging-lake ”
will not be deemed inappropriate, in consideration of the faet that
in the wet season a large mass of this moss, when compressed by the
hands, becomes but a small handful, the rest of its bulk being alto-
gether water; often many inches deep, it covers the rocks and boul-
ders on the mountain sides, and every foot-print made has soon a
shallow pool of icy water in it.

With the destruction of the forests, these mosses dry, wither and
disappear; with them vanishes the cold, condensing atmosphere
which forms the clouds. Now the winter snows that accumulate on
the mountains, unprotected from the sun, melt suddenly and rush
down laden with disaster. For lumber, once so plentiful, we must
at no distant day become tributary to other States or the Canadas.
The land, deprived of all that gave it value, reverts to the State for
unpaid taxes. .

The remedy for this is the creation of an Aprronpack Park or
tember preserve, under charge of a forest warden and deputies. The
“burning off” of mountains should be visited with suitable penal-
ties; the cutting of pines under ten inches or one foot in diameter
should be prohibited. The officers of the law might be supported
by a per capita tax, upon sportsmen, artists and tourists visiting the
region ; a tax which they would willingly pay if the game should be
protected from unlawful slaughter, and.the grand primeval forest be
saved from ruthless desolation.

The interests of commerce and navigation demand that these
forests should be preserved ; and for posterity should be set aside,
this Adirondack region, as a park for New York, as is the Yosemite
for California and the Pacific States.

VERPLANCK COLVIN.

Aupany, Dec. 16th, 1870. ©

New Species or PAtmwozorc FOSSILS. 181

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF FOSSILS

FROM THE

VICINITY OF LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY, AND THE FALLS OF THE
OHIO.

By JAMES HALL AND R. P. WHITFIELD.

During the investigations for the fourth volume of the Palzon-
tology of New York, Dr. Knapp, of Louisville, Kentucky, kindly
loaned many specimens for study and comparison. The value of the
volume has on this account been much enhanced, and the author has
endeavored to give due credit therefor. At the request of Dr.
Knapp the new species now in my hands, belonging to his collection,
are described in the following pages. Comparisons of known New
York species, with specimens of the same species from this collection,
have been made during the studies for the Paleontology of New
York, and the results are given in the accompanying list. J. H.

Silurian Species.
DicTtYoNEMA PERGRACILIS 2. Sp.

Frond irregularly spreading, composed of very fine, closely
arranged meshes. Longitudinal filaments tortuous, not exceeding
a fiftieth of an inch in width, and the spaces between about equal.
Transverse filaments much narrower than the others, their distance
equal to twice or thrice that of the longitudinal ones, giving to the
openings an elongate hexagonal form. Serrations of the margins not
observed. Surface of filaments minutely wrinkled.

This species is perhaps as nearly related to D. gracilis of the
Niagara formation of New York, as to any known form, but it is
much more finely reticulated, and the reticulations are more regular in
their mode of growth than in that species.

Formation and locality. In the Niagara limestone, near Louisville,
Ky. Cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

\

ORTHIS NISIS 2. Sp.

Shell depressed-pyramidal, when resting on the dorsal valve. Dor-
sal valve semi-elliptical, flat or slightly concave in the middle, and

182 TWENTY-FO URTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

gently convex on each side; the length and width about as two to
three ; area about one quarter as wide as that of the ventral valve.
Ventral valve depressed-pyramidal, the apex projecting backwards
over the area; the elevation about equal to half the length of the
dorsal valve; area twice as wide as high; fissure narrow, sides
nearly parallel and extending to the apex.

Surface marked by strong angular striz which are increased by
interstitial additions to the number of twenty-eight or thirty on the
margin of the shell; striz crossed by distinct lamellose lines of
growth.

Length five lines on the dorsal valve; width seven lines.

This species is of the type of O. trecenaria, but the beak is much
more elevated, the area higher, and the strie more angular, and are
increased by interstitial additions, while in O. trecenarza, and its
congener O. pectinella, the strize are simple. :

Formation and locality. In beds of the Niagara group, near
Louisville, Ky. Cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

ORTHIS RUGEPLICATA 7. Sp.

Shell small, subquadrate, four-fifths as long as wide, gibbous, car-
dinal line nearly equal to the greatest width of the shell, angles
obtuse, basal margin nearly straight. Dorsal valve convex, with a
distinct median sinus extending from beak to base; area of valve
linear. Length three lines, width four lines. Ventral valve depressed-
pyramidal, marked along the center by a. distinct angular plication
or fold; beak pointed and projecting slightly backwards over the
area ; area moderate, less than one-third as high as wide, and divided
in the center by a moderately wide fissure.

Surface marked by very strong, sharply angular plications, which
are increased by interstitial additions, and of which there are about
fifteen on the margin of each valve, with a few other incipient ones.

Formation and locality. In beds of the age of the Niagara group,
near Louisville, Ky. Cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

SPIRIFERA ROSTELLUM 72. sp.

Shell rather below the medium size, somewhat subtriangular, with
a long, projecting ventral beak, which is abruptly incurved at the
extremity. Dorsalyalve broadly elliptical, moderately ventricose, two-
thirds as long as wide, with a proportionally broad, elevated or rounded
mesial fold; three plications mark the valve on each side of the
fold, the inner two originating as one at the apex and dividing below;

New Species or Patxozorc FOssiLs. 183

beak incurved. Ventral valve marked by a moderate mesial depres-
sion, and by four or five subangular plications on each side, the
Second on each side the mesial fold not extending to the beak, but
having their origin at a lower point. Cardinal area proportionally
high, undefined at the sides, but gradually rounding into the general
surface of the valve; higher than wide.

Surface marked by fine, distinct, straight thread-like striz, which,
in the perfect condition, are crenulated by concentric striz.

This species bears considerable resemblance to S. Z7ro Barr. from
the Silurian of Bohemia, but differs in the projection of the beak,
and in the radiating stri of the surface. Among the American
Silurian forms it approaches S. Hudora Hall, most nearly, but is
not so ventricose, and has a more projecting beak and fewer
plications.

Formation and locality. In limestone of the age of the Niagara
group, at Louisyille, Ky. From the cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

SPIRIFERA (CYRTIA) TRAPEZOIDALIS.

Spirifera (Cyrtia) eaporrecta Wahlenberg, and S. trapezoidalis
Hisinger, are identical according to Davidson.

A specimen, having the form and all the characters of the larger
European forms of this species, occurs in the collection of Dr. Knapp.
Another one, with much greater elevation of the ventral valve, var.
arrecta, appears in the same association.

PENTAMERUS OBLONGUS Sow.

This species occurs near Louisville, in strata of the age of the
Niagara group of New York.

A single specimen examined has the aspect and proportions of
those from Rochester and other places in New York, but has a length
of only one inch and a half. The messial lobe is well defined, and
there is an indication of a sinus on each side, giving the incipient

condition of the trilobate form of P. trisinuatus McChesney, which

occurs more commonly in the northwest.

Another form of Pentamerus which we regard as of this species,
var. cylindrica, occurs in the same locality; the shell has a length of
two and a half to three inches. The beak of the ventral valve is
often considerably extended, acute and incurved. The body of the
shell usually preserves some faint indication of the prevailing lobed
character of the species.

In this phase the fossil resembles the Amphzgenia (Pentamerus)
elongata of Vanuxem, but it is not so broad and ous in the upper
part of the shell, and ‘the valves are not usually «spressed in front,
as in that species.

Notwithstanding the wide deviation sometimes observed in these

“ss
are

Pm oe.

-

184 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

forms, there seems no sufficient reason for recognizing them as dis-
tinct species.

PrnTamMERUsS Kwappl n. sp.

Shell broadly elliptical, moderately gibbous above, compressed in
front; length about one-third greater than the breadth, somewhat
obscurely trilobate; cardinal line equal to nearly half the width of
the shell. Dorsal valve scarcely smaller than the ventral, moder-
ately gibbous in the upper part, broadly depressed-convex below the
middle, and spreading at the latero-basal margins. Ventral valve a
little more gibbous in the middle above than the opposite valve, and
less depressed in the lower part; the beak narrower below, closely
incurved, and extending a little beyond that of the opposite valve.

Surface with strong plications in the middle, which reach only to
the umbo, diverging and curving outward below ; they are rounded,
and repeatedly bifurcating, with the growth of the shell, so that there
are about six times as many on the margin as at their origin; sides
of the shell smooth or free from plications, the limit between the
plicate and non-plicate portions indicated by a depression or sinus
which gives an indistinct trilobed character to the shell. Marked
everywhere by fine concentric strize of growth.

In the single specimen examined, the ventral valve shows the
single longitudinal septum, and the dorsal valve the two thin, gently
diverging septa,—in these respects differing in no degree from
P. oblongus.

This fossil recalls to mind at once the Séricklandinia Gaspensis
Billings, but it has no sinus or fold in the middle of either valve,
and it wants the straight hinge extension and narrow area, as well
as the radii on the lateral portions of the shell, which are character-
istic of that fossil.

In every feature, except the strongly radiated surface, this species
does not differ from Pentamerus oblongus ; and however unwar-
ranted such a suggestion may appear at the present time, it is not
improbable, when we compare some of the more extravagant forms
already referred to that species, that intermediate ones may be
found.

Formation and locality. In strata of the age of the Niagara group
near Louisville, Ky. Cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

| PrntameERvs Nysius x. sp.

Shell varying with age from broadly triangular with little gib-
bosity, to subquadrate from extension of the mesial portion in front
with increasing gibbosity; in larger specimens assuming an ovoid

New Species or PALx0zZoIc FOSSILS. 185

form, and sometimes becoming obscurely trilobate. Dorsal valve
less convex than the ventral, and varying from depressed-convex to
yentricose; in some conditions having a mesial elevation, becoming
angular along the cardinal slope with the margins abruptly incurved ;
the incurved spaces usually free from plications; beak closely
incurved into the triangular fissure of the opposite valve. Ventral
valve more convex, varying from depressed-convex to ventricose,
and strongly arcuate in older shells; with or without a mesial fold,
which becomes developed with age and produced in front; beak in
young shells scarcely incurved, becoming more arcuate with age,
projecting above and beyond the umbo of the dorsal valve, and
showing beneath it the upper part of the triangular fissure. Cardinal
slopes, especially in the older shells, abruptly incurved and concave.

Surface marked by distinct and well-defined, simple, rounded or
subangular radii, which vary in strength at different stages of
growth and in shells of the same size, the number ranging from
twenty-five to forty in shells of medium size. In the perfect con-
dition the surface is marked by fine concentric strie and with distinct
rugose lines or lamelle of growth.

In the specimens examined (fourteen in number), there is a great
variety of aspect and of surface marking. The smallest specimen is
about four lines in length, with a somewhat greater width, and a
depth of a little more than two lines; while the largest specimen
has a length of two and a quarter inches, a width of a little more
than one and three-quarters, and a depth of nearly one inch and a
half. Some of the younger shells are marked with fine and some
with coarse radii. One specimen of intermediate size has a length
of scarcely an inch, a breadth of one inch and two lines, and a depth
of six-tenths of an inch; the surface is marked by forty-one radii.
Another specimen has a length of one inch and four-tenths, a width
of little more than one inch and two-tenths, and a depth of seven-
tenths of an inch; the surface is marked by twenty-five strong radii.

Two distinct varieties may be recognized; the one having coarse
and the other with finer radii, which may be designated as P. Vyszus
var. crassicosta and P. Vysius var. tenuicosta. ;

In form and surface markings this species bears some resemblance
to P. multicostatus H., but the latter is proportionally more gibbous
in the umbonal region and slopes more abruptly to the front, with
no indication of mesial fold or extension, but rather a faint depression
with truncate anterior margin.

Formation and locality. In beds of the age of the Niagara group,
near Louisville, Ky. Cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

186 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

PENTAMERUS Lirront Hall.
(Pals IN YS V ol3, ap 2o2?)

The Pentamerus Littona is of the same type as the one just
described; and in the collection now under examination’ there are |
two or three specimens which may be referred to this species. Its
general aspect is more gibbous and cylindrical than the preceding.

The reference of this species in Pal. N. Y., vol. 8, to the probable
age of the Lower Helderberg, should doubtless be corrected ; and
since it is well known that species of both the age of Lower Helder-
berg and Niagara are found mingled‘in the locality there cited, it is
almost certain that the Pentamerus Litiona is from the Niagara

group.
MURcHISONIA PETILA ”. sp.

Shell small, spire elevated, slender and regularly tapering from the
base to the apex; volutions about twelve, gently and regularly
expanding from the apex, moderately convex, somewhat obtusely sub-
angular below the middle, last one scarcely ventricose. Aperture
subrhomboidal. |

Surface unknown.

Length of specimen one inch; diameter of last volution, seven-
twentieths, and height four-twentieths of an inch.

Formation and locality. In limestone of middle Silurian age, near
the Falls of the Ohio. Cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

EvoMPHALUS (CYCLONEMA) RUGALINEATA ”. Sp.

Shell depressed turbinate, consisting of three or more rounded,
rapidly increasing volutions, which are marked by ten or twelve
strong, sharply elevated, revolving lines, having smaller ones between
them; the two sets of lines becoming more equal below the center
of the volution; the whole crossed by irregular lamellose transverse
lines of growth, which give a very rugose character where they cross
the revolving lines. Aperture rounded ; form of base and columella
not determined.

This species bears considerable resemblance to Huomphalus carinatus
Sow., from the upper Silurian of England, as figured in M/urchison’s
Siluria, but differs in having a less number ‘of revolving carine, and
in the possession of the intermediate lines, as also in the character of
the transverse strize.

Formation and locality. In limestones of the age of the Niagara
group at Louisville, Ky. Cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

ILLANUS CORNIGERUS 2. Sp.

Among the fossils in Dr. Knapp’s collection from the Niagara
_ limestone, near Louisville, Ky., there is a specimen of Jdlanus,

ES ee. NN a EE

PR i re ee ee ee ee

See

ar eA

New Species or PAtmozorc FOSSILS. 187

-which bears some resemblance to /. armatus Hall, 20th Report State

Cabinet, p. 330, pl. 22, figs. 1-3, in the general form of the glabella and
pygidium, and also in the large prominent eyes. The posterior angles
of the movable cheeks are, however, extended obliquely backward
and outward, into long, curved spines of considerable strength, pro-
jecting at an angle of forty-five degrees to the axis of the body,
instead of being directed exactly backwards, as are the short spines
of that species. The facial suture does not curve outward in front
of the eye, as in that species, and is more rounded in front, giving to
this part of the glabella a narrower form and a greater anterior
breadth and extent to the movable cheek. In the form of glabella
and spines, it is so entirely distinct from any other species described,
that it cannot easily be mistaken.

Formation and locality. In limestone of Niagara age, at the Falls
of the Ohio. From the cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

Devonian Species.
DisctyA (ORBICULOIDEA ?) GRANDIS Vanuxem.

This species, presenting all the characteristic features of the same
in the Hamilton Group of New York, occurs in the Hydraulic beds
of the upper limestones, at the Falls of the Ohio. In a single speci-
men preserving both valves, the ventral valve measures one inch
and four-tenths in its longest diameter. A single ventral valve of
the same is slightly larger, and a separate dorsal valve measures one
inch and three-tenths, with an elevation of about half aninch; in this
one the apex is slightly turned to one side, as in all well preserved
specimens from the Hamilton group.

The specimens are from the cabinet of Dr. James Knapp, of Louis-

a and were obtained from the upper limestones at the Falls of the
hio. |

Disctna (TRematis) truncata fall.

This species, possessing all the characters of the same in the Gene-
see slate of New York, occurs in great numbers in the black slate,
near the Falls of the Ohio. The shell is somewhat thicker than is
usual in New York, but differs in no important character.

From the cabinet of Dr. James Knapp, of Louisville, Kentucky.

CRANIA BorDENI 7. sp.

Shell depressed conical, about half as high ‘as wide; beak subcen-
tral, slightly nearer the anterior end. Surface marked by fine radi-
ating strie, and somewhat strong lines of growth, giving a rugose
character to the surface, especially toward the margin.

A similar form from the Hamilton group of New York, C. ere-

nistriata, is much more coarsely striated.

Formation and locality. Adhering to Spirifera Oweni, Devonian
limestone, from McCoy’s quarry, Clarke county, Indiana. From W.
W. Borden, New Providence, Indiana.

188 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

AYVICULOPECTEN CRASSICOSTATA 7. Sp.

Shell below medium size, left valve depressed, convex; body of
shell oblique, hinge line straight, equal to three-fourths the length
of the shell; anterior wing very small, separated from the body of
the shell by an abrupt, deep sinus; posterior wing narrow, obtusely
pointed and extending nearly as far as the posterior extremity.

Surface marked by strong, coarse, angular ribs, of which there are
about thirteen or fourteen on the body of the shell, with interme.
diate smaller ones; about five obscure rays on the posterior wing ;
the radiating coste crossed by coarse, distant lamellose concentric
ridges.

ormation and locality. In limestone of the age of the Upper
Helderberg group, at the Falls of the Ohio. Cabinet of Dr.
James Knapp.

CARDIOPSIS CRASSICOSTA 2. Sp.

Shell large and robust, with moderately ventricose, broad, and
obliquely oval valves; beaks strong, prominent, rounded, obtuse and
slightly ineurved, situated considerably within the anterior extremity.
Anterior end rounded into the antero-basal margin; margin more
abruptly curving around the postero-basal extremity, and thence
obliquely rounded forward and upward to the extremity of the short
hinge line, giving the greatest height and extension at the postero-
basal end. x

Surface marked by about forty-four or forty-five strong, simple,
rounded radii, which, with the exception of a few at the anterior end,
have a general backward direction. Those on the anterior end are
eurved forward as they approach the margin of the shell, and are
generally broader than those of the middle of the valve. Height of
the valve, exclusive of the beaks, two and seven-tenths inches ; greatest
length, measured from the beaks to the postero-basal extremity, two
and four-tenths inches.

This species approaches in character the C. robusta of the Portage
group of New York, but differs slightly in the number of radii, that
one having an average number of thirty-eight ; it also differs in the
closely arranged radii being without the intermediate space which
characterize that species. The beaks are also larger and more
‘prominent.

Formation and locality. In the upper limestones at Louisville,

Ky.; from the cabinet of Dr. James Knapp. Also in the Schoharie
grit in the State of New York.

NEW SPECIES or PAt#0zoICc FOSSILS. 189

Luctna (Paraoyoras) EvuipticA [all var. OCCIDENTALIS.

Shell orbicular, of medium size, nearly circular in outline, with
regularly convex valves and small closely appressed and approximate
beaks, centrally situated. Cardinal border very slightly excavated
just anterior to the beaks, but rounded and full behind. The sinus
just within the posterior cardinal margin (so characteristic of the
group) is but slightly developed.

Surface marked by strong, sharp strizw, which are often developed
into irregular concentric ridges.

This species has been usually considered identical with Lucina (P.)
proaria of Goldfuss, from the Devonian of the Eifel, but the beaks
are less prominent, and the cardinal line less straight on the posterior
side and less excavated anteriorly, while the surface is much more
strongly marked concentrically.

The Z. (P.) elliptica, as it occurs in the limestones of New York, is
usually in the condition of casts of the interior, and the surface mark-
ing is rarely seen. They are, moreover, usually vertically com-’
pressed and otherwise distorted, appearing sometimes abruptly
fusiform.

The difference in aspect between the specimens from the eastern
and western localities is apparently mainly due to the preservation of
the shell in the latter. The relative position of the beaks is likewise
influenced by the direction and degree of pressure.

Formation and locality. In the upper limestones, near Louisville,
Ky.; at Charleston Landing and elsewhere on the Indiana side of the
Ohio river. From the cabinet of Dr. James Knapp, and from former
collections of Major 8. 8. Lyon.

CYPRICARDINIA INFLATA Var. SUBEQUIVALVIS 7. Sp.

Shell small, nearly equivalve, subcylindrical, beaks terminal ; car-
dinal and basal margins subparallel; left valve slightly smaller, less
convex, and straighter than the opposite; the post-umbonal slope
distinctly angular, while on the right valve it is subangular or
rounded.

Surface marked by about twélve to fourteen or sixteen strong,
equal, lamellose, concentric ridges.

The valves are sometimes so nearly equal in convexity, partieu-
larly when crushed, that they might be considered as equal ; several
good specimens, however, clearly prove the slight inequality charac-
terizing the genus.

This shell resembles C. inflata (Cypricardites inflata of Conrad),
but the valves are more nearly equal, and the right valve is less
inflated.

190 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Formation and locality. From the ecrinoidal beds above the
“Hydraulic beds,” near Louisville, Ky. Cabinet of Dr. James
Knapp. ! .

CYPRICARDINIA ? CYLINDRICA %. Sp.

Shell cylindrical, extremities rounded, height little more than the
depth, and rather more than twice as long as high; beaks nearly
terminal, rounded and incurved; left valve scarcely less convex than
the opposite; umbonal slope slightly angular. nin

Surface marked by faint, distant, concentric, lamellose lines.

The specimen described is essentially a cast preserving a portion
of the shell on one side.

This species is more elongate and cylindrical, less arcuate, and
more equivalved than C. enjiata. The lamellose striz have never
been so strong, and are more distant. |

Formation and locality. -In the “ Hydraulic beds” of the age of

the Upper ae limestone, near Louisville, Ky. From the
cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

Youp1a? VALVULUS %. Sp.

Shell narrow, subelliptical, more than twice as long as high; the
depth a little more than half the height; the anterior end nearly
one-fourth wider than the posterior. Beaks situated at three-fitths
the length from the anterior end; an obsolete post-umbonal ridge
extending from near the beak to the post-basal margin; posterior
extremity not recurved.

Surface marked by somewhat coarse, wavy, concentric lines, to
the post-umbonal ridge, above which they are even and much finer.

Formation and locality. From the “ Hydraulic beds,” near Louis-
ville, Ky. Cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

NvcuLa NIOTICA n. sp.

Shell small, obtusely cuneiform, the beaks prominent, incurved,
with the umbo inflated; height from beak to base equal to three-
fourths the length of the shell.

Surface marked by fine, even, concentric strize, with sometimes
strong varices of growth.

The internal casts show the evidence of strong anterior and pos- ©
terior muscular impressions, and three distinct umbonal pedal mus-
cles, seven ox more posterior, and five anterior teeth in a specimen
of medium size. The largest specimen measured is three-eighths of
an inch long.

New SPECIES oF PALZ0zoIC FOSSILS. 191

This species resembles Vucula parva McChesney, from the coal

measures.
Formation and locality. In the upper beds of the Limestone,
near Louisville, Ky. Cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

NvctLa NEDA 2. sp.

Shell rhomboid-ovate, cuneate, with the ‘umbones ventricose ; the
beak a little more than one-third from the anterior end, prominent
and incurved ; cardinal margin sloping to the anterior and posterior
extremities ; basal margin broadly rounded.

The cast shows strong anterior and posterior muscular impres-
sions, with three or four umbonal muscular scars; a narrow pedal
scar just within the cardinal line anterior to the posterior muscular

area, as usual in the genus.

The number of teeth cannot be determined, but there are as many
as slx or eight on the posterior side, with a distinct ligamental cavity
in the cast beneath the beak.

The surface has been marked by fine concentrié strie.

This species is of the size, and similar in aspect, to the Vucula
levata of the lower Silurian rocks, and differs but little from Vucula
billastriata of Conrad, which is a large species from the Hamilton
group of New York.

Formation and locality. In the “Hydraulic beds” near Louis-
ville, Ky. From the cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

TELLINOMYA SUBNASUTA 2. Sp.

Shell unequally ovate, twice as long as high, with very ventricose
valves, giving a subcylindrical form anterior to the beaks; posterior
end very narrow, pointed at the extremity; anterior end broadly
rounded, longest above the center; basal line very slightly sinuate
opposite the small appressed beaks which are situated at two-thirds
the entire length from the anterior extremity. Muscular impressions
of moderate size, distinctly marked, situated near the margins of the
valve; pallial line entire, composed of a series of radiating pustules,
as seen on the cast. Crenulations of the hinge not distinctly seen,
but the evidence possessed would indicate them to have been minute.

Surface marked by distinct, rather strong, somewhat lamellose lines
of growth.

The characters of this shell and several similar ones have not been
fully determined. The external form is very like some species of

TreLiinomya, but the condition of the hinge is such that no satisfac-
tory determination can be made at the present time, though we have

192 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

evidence of fine crenulations on one or both sides of the beaks.
Possessing external characters which separate it from Nucuta, Nucv-
Lites, and PaL#oneILa, it can only be referred to TrLiinomya from
this negative information. When fully known, it will probably
prove to be a distinct genus, for which the name DystacrELia may
be used.

Formation and locality. In the upper Helderberg formation near
Louisville, Ky. From the cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

PTYCHODESMA nov. gen.
nTvyoS plice and déopa vinculum.

Shell modioloid in form; valves equally convex; hinge with a
wide ligamental area, the sides of which are sharply grooved in par-
allel lines, caused by the successive growth of the ligament, as in
Pxrcruncutus. The grooves and ridges are slightly arched beneath
the apex of the valves where they take their origin.

The internal hinge structure is unknown.

Of two specimens examined, one has a length of nearly an ineh
and a half, and a height of somewhat more than an inch; the other
has the same proportions and is a little less in size.

In general form and surface characters this genus resembles Mopto-
MORPHA, but differs in having a ligamental area. Externally it is unlike
Cypricardites and similar shells, which have a ligamental area marked
by fine striee parallel to the hinge line, while these are parallel to

the margin of the shell.
The type of the genus is Ptychodesma Knappiana.

PrycHopEsMA KwappiIaANa 7. sp.

Shell obliquely ovate, compressed posteriorly, and more or less
ventricose in the middle and toward the front; hinge line short,
beaks subterminal; anterior end truncated at right angles to the
hinge line. !

Surface marked by fine concentric striz, with more distinet lam-
ine of growth.

Ligamental area well developed, sublinear, deeply grooved on the
sides, the grooves and intermediate ridges slightly inclined toward
the hinge line on both sides of the apex. The area shows seven.
grooves and eight ridges on each valve; but these increase in num-
ber with the growth of the shell, and are, therefore, not of specific
value.

This shell bears much resemblance externally to some forms of

MopiomorrHa and Nyassa; but the deeply grooved ligamental area
is a distinctive feature.

New SPECIES oF PAL“O0Z0IC FOSSILS. 193

Formation and locality. In the “ Hydraulic beds” at Louisville,
Ky. Cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.
PotyPHEMopsis LovISVILLA 2. sp.
Twenty-third Report on the N. Y. State Cabinet, Plate 12, figs. 1 and 2.
Shell small, ventricose, consisting of about six rapidly tapering

-volutions, the last of which comprises about two-thirds the entire

length of the shell. Aperture large, ovate, widest below the middle,
and pointed at the upper angle; a little more than half as long as
the shell. Columella slight; suture scarcely impressed. Surface
smooth.

Formation and locality. In the Upper Helderberg limestone at

the Falls of the Ohio. From the cabinet of Dr. Knapp, of Louis-

ville, Ky.
| LoxoNEMA HYDRAULICA 7. sp.

Shell slender, turreted; volutions, about nine in a specimen one
inch in length, rounded, rapidly ascending; suture deep, giving a
constricted aspect to the shell; strie distinct, angular, somewhat
abruptly bent backward from the suture to the summit of the volu-
tion, which is above the middle of its length; thence curving more
gently forward to the suture, and on the last.volution abruptly
recurved to the columellar lip.

Formation and locality. In the hydraulic limestone of the Falls of
the Ohio. Cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

TROCHONEMA EMACERATA 7%. Sp.

"Shell turbinate, consisting of four or five volutions, the upper ones
moderately convex and bicarinate; the suture line commences a little
below the second carina. The last volution is very ventricose with a
rounded aperture; umbilicus small.

Surface marked apparently only by lines of growth.

This species differs from 7”. trecarinata Meek, in the more elevated
spire, the sloping upper side of the volutions between the suture and
first carina, and in having two-caring with an interspace equal to that
above and below, while there is no evidence of a carina bordering the
narrow umbilicus.

Formation and locality. In limestone above the “ Hidiuie
beds,” near Louisville, Ky. Cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

TROCHONEMA RECTILATERA 7. sp.

Shell turbinate, breadth and height almost equal; volutions about
five, carinated above with straight, nearly vertical sides; outer one
13

194 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

ventricose, with two distant carine having a wide, vertical, slightly
concave space between, which occupies more than one-third the height
of the volution. Upper side of the volutions convex for half the dis-
tance to the carina, and below this they are concave, giving the form
of an ogee. |

In another specimen, apparently identical, the upper side of the
volutions are slightly concave and regularly sloping downward from
the suture to the carina. Lower side of the volution not carinate ;
umbilicus small, or closed with a callosity. ,

Surface marked by fine strize of growth, which are turned back- |
ward from the suture, and are vertical on the sides of the volution,
and on the lower side curve backward to the umbilical area.

Formation and locality. In the upper limestones at the Falls of
the Ohio. Cabinet of Dr. James Knapp and other collections.

TRocHONEMA YANDELLANA 2. Sp.

Shell turbinate, volutions about five (three of which are preserved
in the specimen), rapidly increasing, carinated; the last volution
becoming ventricose and marked by seven revolving carine, includ- |
ing the one bordering the somewhat channeled suture; four of the ©
carinz are distinetly marked by thin lanceolate nodes, which become |
more prominent with the increased growth of the shell, while the |
other three,—one bordering the suture and two on the lower middle
portion of the volution,—are destitute of nodes (in the specimen —
described), but may possibly assume this character in more advanced |
stages of growth. The carine are situated, one at thesuture.and one ©
bordering the moderately large umbilicus, with five on the body of
the volution, of which two are above the middle and three below; ©
the spaces separating those bordering the suture and umbilicus from
those on the body of the volution, are considerably wider than the ©
spaces between the intermediate carine. Aperture rounded, slightly
modified by the carine. %

Surface marked by fine transverse striz of growth, which turn
backward as they cross the volution, to the umbilicus.

oo Vine species has the general form and proportions of Z. wmbilecuta

Hall, from the Trenton limestone, and also of Z. trecarinata Meek,
from the Upper Helderberg limestones, but differs from both in the
greater number of carinz and in their nodose character.

Formation and locality. In the ‘“ Hydraulic beds,” near Louis-
ville, Ky. Cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

New SPECIES oF PALMozoIC FOSSILS. 195

PLEUROTOMARIA ESTELLA 1. Sp.

Shell small, depressed-conical, umbilicate ; volutions about four or
five ; ventricose ; regularly enlarging from the apex; suture line just
below the periphery of the volution ; aperture circular.

Surface marked by sharp, revolving strie, of which ten are above ,
the periphery and ten below on the outer volution, and with a
broader and slightly more prominent band on the periphery; the
revolving strize are crossed by fine transverse ones originating at the
suture and bending abruptly backward on the upper part of the
volution.

The character of surface marking is quite similar to that of P.
lineata of the Hamilton group; but the spire is more depressed, and
the volutions enlarge more rapidly.

Formation and locality. In limestone, above the “ Hydraulic
beds ” at the Falls of the Ohio. Cabinet of Dr. James Knapp.

PLEUROTOMARIA IMITATOR 2. SD.

Shell subhemispherical; spire moderately elevated, consisting ot
four or five rounded volutions, regularly increasing from the apex to
the aperture, which is subcireular; rounded below and_ broadly
umbilicate ; suture distinct, not channeled, situated at the periphery
of the preceding volution.

Surface of the upper sides of the volution monic by strong ridges,
which have a slight bend just below the suture, and thence curve
backward to the periphery, gradually increasing in strength from the
apex to the outer volution, on the middle of which they are in the
ratio of about twenty to an inch; on the outer half of the last volu-
tion they become gradually obsolete, or merge into the growth strize, _
which also mark every part of the surface. Below the periphery
there are apparently none of the ridges existing.

This species is very similar to P. ducina in form, being a little
more depressed and the volutions less rapidly increasing. “The sur-
face markings are more nearly like those of /?. avata, while the volu-
tions are more ventricose on the upper side, and the periphery is
apparently destitute of a band or sinus.

formation and locality.—In the limestones below the “ Hydraulic

beds,” at the Falls of the Ohio. Cabinet of Dr. James Knapp, and
from Major 8. 8. Lyon, of Jeffersonville, Ga.

BUCANIA DEVONICA 7. sp.

Shell discoid, widely and equally umbilicate on the two sides;
‘remaining volutions about four, slightly embracing, vertically com-

196 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

pressed, giving the transverse diameter a little more than twice the
vertical diameter; lateral margins of the volutions obtusely angular
toward the dorsal see

The surface has apparently been marked by several (three or four)
revolving ridges or carinee on each side of the center or dorsum, which
is gently concave; finer surface markings and aperture unknown.

formation and locality. In limestone, below the ‘ Hydraulic
beds,” near Louisville, Ky. Cabinet. of Dr. James Knapp.

Lisr or Sprorus or Fosstus FROM THE Fatis oF THE OHIO, THE
VICINITY OF JEFFERSONVILLE, INDIANA, AND THE NEIGHBORHOOD
oF LowvisvitLe, Kenrucky.*

Silurian Species.

CRINOIDEA.
Actinocrinus Meekii Lyon. Melocrinus obeonicus Zroost.
Saccocrinus Christii (add. Lecanocrinus (n. sp.)
Kuealyptocrinus ccelatus Hall. Haplocrinus maximus Z7¢ost.
Kuealyptocrinus crassus add. Caryocrinus ornatus Say.

. Pentremites Reinwardtii Zvoost.

BRACHIOPODA.

Orthis elegantula JAmehesen- Da?r 072
Orthis hybrida JAeweheson. Sowerby,
< Strophomena rhomboidalis Wahlenberg.

% Streptorhynchus subplan& Conrad.
X Spirifera radiata Sow. = Sp. cyrtena Dalman. ,

Xx Spirifera-Niagarensis? Conrad. OR IT: a heats c

/ Spirifera bicostata Vanuxem.

Spirifera Eudora //ald.

x Cyrtia myrtia? LBallings = C. exporrecta Dalman.
¥ Meristina nitida /ald. |

/ Meristina nitida var. oblata Hall.

* Meristella Maria fall. .

/ Rhynchospira globosa: var. parva 7. & W.

x Atrypa reticularis Linnwus var, niagavensis Welle.

Lehaheg

* The following list of Silurian and Devonian fossils is made up from collections which have
passed under examination during the preparation of the Paleontology of New York. These
fossils have been derived chiefly from the cabinet of Dr. James Knapp, of Louisville, Kentucky,
while many have been received from Prof. James R. Eaton, Major S. 8. Lyon, and from eee
collections made in 1841 and at subsequent periods.

New Species or PAtm0zZoic FOSssILs. 197

» Atrypa nodostriata //al/.
Z Atrypa marginalis Dalman.
% Rhynchonella Saffordii fall. 5
x Rhynchonella Lennesseensis Roemer. $fr2ch la oa le
% Rhynchonella ascinus Hall.
/ Pentamerus galeatus* Dalman.
x Pentamerus oblongus Sowerby.
»% Pentenrerns (Anastrophia) interpHeatus /Zall. ¢ ntexnascer
x Pentamerus Knappi 1. & W.
% Pentamerus (Gypidula) nysius var. tenuicosta 7. & W.
x Pentamerus nysius var. crassicostata 77. & W.
* Pentamerus Littoni Hall.
7 Orthonota curta Conrad.
7 Platyostoma Niagarensis Hall = P. Spee Meek.
¥ Lituites Marshii Zaid.

Illenus Barriensis J/urchison.

Cyclonema cancellata Hall.
mm Pertarnrerzs pergz bos ws Week

ad Devonian Species.

CRINOIDEA.

| Actinocrinus Cassedayi Lyon.

| Actinocrinus eucharis Hail.

Actinocrinus Kentuckensis Shumard.
Actinocrinus pentaspina Lyon.

| Actinocrinus sp. undeter.

Megistocrinus abnormis Lyon.
_ Megistocrinus depressus Hall.
Megistocrinus Knappii Lyon.
Megistocrinus Ontario Lyon.
+ Megistocrinus rugosus Lyon & Casseday.
_ Megistocrinus spinulosus Hall.
Megistocrinus (Hadrocrinus) plenissimus Lyon.
Dolatocrinus (Cacabocrinus) glyptus add.
Dolatocrinus (Cacabocrinus) lacus Lyon.
~ Dolatocrinus (Cacabocrinus) sculptilis Zroost.
_ Dolatocrinus (Cacabocrinus) n. sp. ?
_ Cyathocrinus leviculus Lyon.
_ Cyathocrinus seulptilis Zyon.
| Cyathocrinus Wortheni Lyon.

:

ee

* On the authority of Dr. Knapp.

198 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MuSEUM.

Cyathocrinus (Vasocrinus) valens Lyon.
Cyathocrinus (Vasocrinus) n. sp.
Rhodocrinus Hallii Lyon.

Platycrinus Leai Lyon.

Codaster alternatus Lyon.

Nucleocrinus angularis Lyon.

Nucleocrinus Verneuilii Z7oost.

Nucleocrinus elegans ? (n. sp. 4)

Eleutherocrinus Cassedayi Yandall d& Shumard.
Anchyrocrinus spinosus (all.

rKeK YS

%

BRACHIOPODA.

/ Lingula subspatulata UZ. & W. |

¥ Orthis livia Billings. Orthis vanuxemr. Hall
x Orthis sp? propingra

¥ Strophomena rhomboidalis Wahl.

% Strophodonta inequistriata Conrad.

¥ Strophodonta demissa Conrad.

X Strophodonta hemispherica Hall.

% Strophodonta perplana Conrad. —
¥ Chonetes acutiradiata Hall.

* Chonetes Yandellana Hall.

Produetella-subaculeata* Aurchison.

x Productella subaculeata var. cataracta.

X Spirifera acuminata Conrad.

X Spirifera arctisegmenta //all.
_& Spirifera duodenaria? Had.

X Spirifera euruteines Owen. | )

x Spinifora fioabeiatn Connad, evra Lath. tA Mather
x Spirifera gregaria Clapp.
y Spirifera medialis Hall. °
x Spirifera Oweni /Zall.

x Spirifera raricosta Conrad = S. undulata Vanuxem.
x Spirifera segmenta Hail.

* Spirifera varicosa Conrad.

x Cyrtina crassa Hall.

XCyrtina Hamiltonie all.

x Spr? CVA guer2077277S2S, Ԥ
*There may be some doubt regarding the identity of this form with P. subaculeata, and the
varietal name P. cataracta is, therefore, proposed. See Pal. N. Y., vol. IV, pp. 154, 155, etc., for
discussion of the relations of this and allied forms.

x Strepotexhyncans avttostyrata

+

Im awit

New SPECIES oF PALM0zZOIC FOSSILS. 199

# Trematospira hirsuta //dd/.

¥ Nucleospira concinna Hall.
¢ Athyris spiriferoides Haton.

% Athyris vittata /Zall.

% Meristella nasuta Conrad.
x Meristella (Pentagonia) unisulcata Conrad.
% Atrypa reticularis * Lenneus.

Hale

a aa 4 )
797 @? a) fe@ fi. Tage O¢Trs a Te ~ He

X% Atrypa aspera Schlothevm.
% Rhynchonella (Stenocisma) tethys Ledlings.

% Pentamerella arata Conrad.

% Terebratula harmonia //all.

7 Oryptonella lens Hall.
/ Oryptonella rectirostra.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

f Pterinea flabellum Conrad.

se il a

This species occurs in the upper limestone of the Falls of the Ohio,
and elsewhere in that neighborhood, as well as in limestone of the
same age in the State of Ohio. It presents a great variety of aspect
in its gradation from the young to the mature and older condition of
the shell, in which it might readily be mistaken for different species.
In the examination of several hundred specimens from the rocks of
New York and the west, this species has been found to range from the
upper limestone of Ohio through the Hamilton and Chemung groups
ot New York, and to present such extreme varieties that one plate
in the Paleontology of New York, Vol. V, has been found insuflicient
for the illustration of its exterior forms and internal structure.

-% Limoptera cancellata: var. occidens H. & W.
-% Aviculopecten pecteniformis Conrad.
% Aviculopecten princeps Conrad.

7f Aviculopecten parilis Conrad.

Forms referable to these three species of Conrad occur in the
upper limestone of the Falls of the Ohio, and in that neighborhood, as
well as in the same limestone in Indiana and Ohio, and also in the
Hamilton group of New York. On examination of a large number
of specimens, it appears probable that the three species mentioned
above may all be included under one term.

“/ Nuculites triquetra Conrad.
% Mediota (Modiomorpha) concentrica Hall.
xm Grammysia (Leptodomus) seeunda-—ear. gibbosa 7. & W.

* The variety referred to A. prisca, Pal. N. Y., vol. IV, page 324, foot note, may for convenience o
reference be designated as var. nwniia, 1. c., pl. 51, figs. 10-24; while it will be convenient to desig
nate the gibbous form, plate 52, figs. 4-6, as A. reticularis var. ventricosa.

200 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

x Lucina (Paracyclas) elliptica Hail.

«x Posodonia (= Paracyclas) lirata Conrad—Lucina Ohioensis Meek.
% Conocardium irieonale Hall = Conocardium Ohioensis Meek.
x Gorraphora triiry cata Hall,

f Platyceras con1c2277 Fn2)GASTEROPODA.

/ Platyceras rictum Hall.

/ Platyceras fornicatum Zail. St
/ Platyceras dumosum Conrud # P. multispinosum Meek. ¥.

7 Platyceras dumosum var. rarispina /TZail.

x Platyostoma lineata Conrad.

¥ Pleurotomaria lucina Hall.

xX Pleurotomaria sulcomarginata Conrad.

% Murchisonia desiderata Hall,

% Loxonema Hamiltonise Hall.

% Loxonema~(Isonema) bellatula Hall. Ctx 22022 e777

J Naticopsis levis Meek. |

¥ Naticopsis (Turbo) Shumardii De Vernewit.

/ Bellerophon Lyra Hail.

F Bellerophon Leda Hall. :
YF Bellerophon patulus * Hall — B. Newberry Meek.

: EPHALOPODA.
X Comphoceras ovefor mis poy

¥ Gomphoceras turbiniformis YU. &. W.
X Goniatites discoideus var. Ohioensis Hall.

CRUSTACEA.

Phacops rana var. bufo Green.
Dalmanites myrmecophorus Geen.
Dalmanites Ageria Hail.
Dalmanites Helena Hall — D. Ohioensis Meek.
Dalmanites selenurus Exton.
Dalmanites Calypso Hall.
Dalmanites Pleione Hail.
Proetus crassimarginata Hall.
Proetus canaliculatus Z/alj.
* The specimens of this species which have been examined, from the Falls of the Ohio and other
western localities, when compared with a series of New York specimens, show no specific differences.

The western specimens are usually destitute of the expanded aperture, and are apparently less
robust than those of the Hamilton group in New York.

x : =
7 : ? a 4 11 f a oe Sada fa ve fo f Pret « Kate Upp

4

A
ade Srienla * ole ole

New SPECIES oF PALZ0zZOIC FOSSILS. 200a

SUPPLEMENT.

The species of Pentamerus, cited on page 197 as P. galeatus, proves, on an exam-
ination of specimens, to be a-distinct form, occurring at a horizon below the known
limits of that species; and may be described as follows:

PENTAMERUS NUCLEUS 72. 8p.

~ Shell small, subglobose, with strongly inflated ventral umbo; width a little
greater than the length. Ventral valve much the larger; very ventricose; cardinal
margins rounded, from the body of the valve to the border of the somewhat small
foramen; middle of the valve elevated, forming a fold. Dorsal valve transversely
elliptical, strongly convex, umbo somewhat inflated; the middle of the valve
depressed, forming a strong sinus; cardinal border rounded, leaving the beak promi-
nent above the line and strongly incurved beneath the opposite ventral beak.
Surface marked by comparatively strong angular plications, about seven on the
dorsal valve and six on the ventral. Two of these, depressed on the dorsal and 7

elevated on the ventral side, form the mesial fold and sinus.

This species somewhat resembles small individuals of P. galeatus, and seems to be -
intermediate between that and P. fornicatus of the Clinton group of New York.

Formation and localtty—tIn limestone of the- Clinton group, near Louisville,
Kentucky. From the collection of Dr. Knapp.

“oy

F

Eh Bre diay

WW 16d

REMARKS ON SOME PECULIAR IMPRESSIONS

IN

Zs TONE OF THE CHEMUNG GROUP, NEW YORE.

By JAMES Haut AND R. P. WHITFIELD.

\

During the summer of 1869, while engaged in some geological
investigations in Cattaraugus county, New York, the Rev. Sylvester
Cowles, of Gowanda, was visited, for the purpose of obtaining some
definite knowledge in relation to certain fossil impressions in sand-
stone, commonly known as “horse tracks,” occurring in the vici-
nity of Salamanca, Cattaraugus county, to which Mr. Cowles had
ealled the attention of several persons during the previous year, and
had also sent specimens to different institutions. So far as known,
no satisfactory explanation of the nature of these impressions had
been given up to this time; but as the sandstones in which they
oceur belong to the Chemung group, it is impossible that they can
have had anything like the origin popularly assigned to them.

At the house of Mr. Cowles a small slab was seen, which had been
obtained at Randolph, or South Valley, Cattaraugus county, bearing
impressions of small size, but too indistinct to afford means for

_ determining their true nature; but on visiting Salamanca in company

with Mr. Cowles, large numbers of them were found, and in a good
degree of perfection. On examining them, on the ground, the fact
that any one had been led to consider them as genuine horse tracks,

did not appear at all astonishing. An area of several acres in extent,

from which the forest had been recently cut, and the refuse material
burned, was thickly strewn with large blocks of a clean-grained,
heavy-bedded, quartzose sandstone, remarkably free from calcareous
matter, and in most parts of a fine-grained texture, but occasionally
passing into a coarse conglomerate, containing quartz pebbles of half
an inch or more in diameter, and being apparently a continuation of
the conglomerate beds which form the so-called “rock city,” about

four miles in a northerly direction from this place. The surfaces of

these blocks were thickly covered with these impressions or “ horse-

902 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

tracks,” varying in size from a little more than one inch to full nine
inches in diameter, and, at first sight, so astonishingly like the
impression left in soft mud or sand by the unshod foot of a horse,
as to fully excuse almost any amount of credulity on the part of the
ordinary observer. On close examination, however, the resemblance
soon disappears, from the many points of dissimilarity which can be
detected ; such as the great height of the protuberance representing that
which would be formed by the hollow of the foot, and the perfectly
rounded margin of the cavity, like what would be left by the removal
of a rounded, crescent-shaped body. ae

In examining a number of these tracks, several were observed where
the substance forming them had been imbedded vertically in the
strata, leaving a cavity representing a transverse section of the body
removed, as shown in the accompanying wood-cut. The long diame-
ter of this cavity was about six inches; the
=< distance across the widest part of the bulb
a little more than two inches, while the
distance across the neck was less than half
an inch, the depth of the cavity over three
==j inches, and the larger portion extending
~ beneath forming the segment of a circle;
showing very conclusively that the body forming the cavity con-
sisted of a thickened, rounded rim, having a thinner membrane occu-
pying the intermediate space. Another specimen observed had been
imbedded obliquely, and preserved the cavity representing a greater
part of the disc. In this case the depressions on the sides of the
disc had been very deep, allowing the rock to approach within about
a fourth of an inch in the center.

From the evidences furnished by specimens of this character, the con-
clusion was drawn that the impressions had been formed by the tuber-
ous root of a marine plant; and on searching over the surfaces of the
bloeks some were found that were quite thickly covered with impres-
sions of a reed-like plant, which, although much injured and defaced
from the action of fire and weathering, were still distinct enough to
place beyond doubt their vegetable origin. -On other blocks were
found the same plant-stems passing vertically into the sandstone.

Believing, from the foregoing facts, that these bodies are of vegeta-
ble origin, the generic name Hrrroporuycvs is proposed for them,
in allusion to the peculiar impressions left by their removal.

On Some PECULIAR IMPRESSIONS 1N SANDSTONE. 203

* HIPPODOPHYCUS nov. gen.
[HrPrPopoPrHycvus n. g., in abstract of this paper distributed in August, 1869. |

Marine plants, having swelling roots, which are laterally expanded in
the form of a subcircular disc, with one edge truncate, and having
the upper and lower surfaces deeply impressed ; leaving a thickened,
rounded rim to form the margin of the disc, except on the truncate
portion, where the substance becomes thin and attenuated, and the
central depression opens out to the margin.

The bodies for which the above generic name is proposed are
known only from their impressions left on the surfaces of the layers
of sandstone where they occur. The cavities are of the form of that
which a ball of putty or other soft substance would assume, if pressed
between the thumb and finger so as to compress the center and one
margin, leaving a rounded rim on three sides of the disc so formed,
the compressed margin being truncate, and the extremities of the
rim being also laterally compressed. The cavities are mostly placed
horizontally in the rock ; and, as they occur on the surface of the
layer, only one side of the cavity is presented, the other portion hav-
ing been removed by the displacement of the upper layer of rock, or
perhaps by a shaly or softer parting layer. The junction of the stem
and rootlets with the disc has, most likely, been at the thin edge of

~ the disc, as there is a kind of cicatrix observed on some of the

impressions at this point. The surface of the impression is rough-
ened and sometimes corrugated, as would be natural to the surface of
a root; but usually all surface characters have been obliterated by
the action of fire in burning off the timber from the field in which
they occur, and also somewhat by subsequent weathering.

The impressions occur on a thick layer of sandstone conglomerate,
found in many places in Cattaraugus county, New York. There are
associated in the same beds two species of PrermEa, one AvICcULO-
PECTEN, one EpmonpiA, a SANGUINOLITES, and one or two other unde-
termined lamellibranchiate shells; one Sprrirer, apparently Sp.
Verneurls of the New York Chemung rocks, and an undetermined
RuyncHoneE ia (2. Stephani ?). The impressions are found at Sala-
manca, Randolph and South Valley, Cattaraugus county, New York.
Some of those of the latter locality are smaller and of a little differ-
ent form, and are known by the name of “ elk tracks.” Both forms
are also said to occur in a sandstone of similar character at Quaker
Hill, north of Warren village, Warren county, Pennsylvania.

204 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

_ We propose to compliment the Rev. Syitvesrer Cows, the ori-
_ ginal discoverer, who has taken much pains in bringing to light these
peculiar forms, and in endeavors to ascertain their true nature, by
naming the Salamanca species [/yppodophycus Cowles.

A very fine slab of the sandstone, measuring three feet by four,
and bearing on its surface twenty-two of the impressions, has been
received at the State Museum, and placed on exhibition on the outside’
of the Hall on State street.

ie ae ee

The following paper, from p. 205 to p. 224 inclusive, is a republication of
species described and published in 1866, except the first four species of crinoidea
mentioned in the foot note on page 205, which were first published in 1871. All

|
the other species should have been cited as published in 1866, but owing to the

| absence of the author during the printing, they are erroneously indicated as 7. sp.

in the present republication.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF CRINOIDEA AND OTHER FOSSILS

FROM

STRATA OF THE AGE OF THE HUDSON-RIVER GROUP AND
TRENTON LIMESTONE.*

By JAMES HALL.

SEVERAL years since, I received from Mr. J. Kelly O’Neall, of
Lebanon, Ohio, a new and interesting species of Guyprocrinus from
the shales of the age of the Hudson-river group at that place, with a
request that I would describe it. Subsequently he sent to me,
together with other fossils, a species of Hzrerocrinus and an interest-
ing form of Porer1ooriNvs, from the same formation. I have also
had in my possession for some years other undescribed species from
the neighborhood of Cincinnati; one of them a peculiar form of
Herrrocrinvs (/7/. polyxo), of which I have received a specimen from
Prof. W. H. Thomas, one from Mr. 8. T. Carley, and have been per-
mitted to examine a very interesting one in the collection of Mr.
U. P. James.

I have likewise received a few ite specimens of other forms
from Mr. C. B. Dyer, of Cincinnati, and 1 am indebted to the libe-
rality of Mr. David Christy, formerly of Oxford, Ohio, for undescribed
species. To these have been added some others which have remained
for a long time undescribed among my collections. I have also
noticed in their proper relation several congeneric forms which have
been previously described from the same formations.

This paper was originally prepared for the twentieth report on the
State Cabinet. Advance sheets of it were printed and distributed in
November, 1866, but it uot being possible to complete the plates to
illustrate it in season for the printing of the report, its republication
has been delayed until the present time.

In October, 1871, additional copies of the paper were distributed
in connection with the paper following it in this report, entitled
‘“* New Species of Fossils from the Hudson-river Group in the Vicinity

‘of Cincinnati, Ohio,”—the two constituting a single pamphlet.

.* This paper was originally published in November, 1866, as advance sheets of the Twentieth
Report on the New York State Cabinet of Natural History. In the present publication, there have
been added descriptions of Glyptocrinus parvus, Potertocrinus posticus, Heterocrinus constrictus, H.
laxus and Proetus parviusculus; of these, figures with their explanations were given in a reissue of
the paper in October, 1871. There have also been added diagrams (1-3) illustrative of the genera
GLYPTOCRINUS and GLYPTASTER.

906 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Genus —GLYPTOCRINUS* Hail.

Gryprocrinus NEauii n. sp.
PLATE 5, figs. 18, 19.

Calyx turbinate, gradually spreading from the base to the free
arms; deeply pentalobate below the third radial plates, from the
depression of the interradial area; ten-lobed above from the depres-_
sion of the intersupraradial areas.

Basal plates very small, presenting a low triangular face on the
exterior, with very slightly truncated lateral angles. Subradial plates
larger, heptagonal, with height and width about eqval; the upper
extremities truncated by the interradial and anal
plates. Primary radial plates subequal in size, the
first and third havmg a general pentangular form
and the second quadrangular. Supraradial series
consisting of fourteen to sixteen plates (sometimes
less), large in the lower part, becoming gradually
smaller above, the upper ones about five times as
wide as high; the lower larger plates attached to
the calyx and dome by the intersupraradial and
summit plates, while the upper smaller plates are

Diagram of Glyptocrinus free and bear tentacula. Interradial and anal
Nealli, showing the basal

Sep memagigermtoese
Es aaa sl eiese ae a
arrangement of the plates Largest ; the plates between these and the ray are
ita aia small, some of them minute. In the anal area the
number of plates is from fifty to sixty; in the interradial series, from
forty to fifty; and in the intersupraradial areas, twenty or more.

Arms composed of a single series of very short plates, higher on
one side than on the other, and bearing tentacula on the longest
sides only: tentacula long and slender.

Surface of radial plates marked by an elevated rounded ridge,
which bifureates on the first and third radials, the branches passing
to the subradials and thence to the basal plates. No other surface-
marking seems to have existed, except the appearance of a finely
granulose texture.

This species differs from 4. decadactylus of the same geological

* For observations on the relations of GLyPprocRINUS and GLYPTASTER, see 77ansactions of the
Albany Institute, Vol. iv.

New SPECIES OF CRINOIDEA AND OTHER FOSSILS. 907

formation, in the depressed anal, interradial and intersupraradial
areas, and in the smaller and more numerous plates of these areas,

which are also destitute of the stellate ae
ridges which characterize those of yy
that species. It also differs in having ONG

the arms becoming free and composed
of small tentacula-bearing plates below
the second bifurcation of the ray,
although possessing the same number
of arms.

In G. decadactylus the body is < ) abs

more robust and gibbous, the inter-
radial spaces are not depressed, and

the plates are marked by radiating Diagram illustrating the structure of.
1 i : decadactylus showing that the basal plates are
ridges ) the caly x extends above the reduced to the smallest possible size. The
second bifureation of the ray and_ Plates of the ray to beyond the second bifurca-
J) tion are all polygonal, and present a strong

the arms become free only abgve that contrast to the corresponding portions of G.
Neal. arepresents the basal and subradial

point. k plates enlarged to two diameters to show
Formation and locality. In shales ®¢ minute basals.

of the Hudson-river group, near Lebanon, Ohio From Mr. J. Kelly

O’Neall. |

Diagram of GLYPTASTER (énornatus) from the Niagara group, introduced to show the differences
between this and the genus GLyprocrinus. In this diagram the basal plates are seen to be of much
larger size, and are visible beyond the circumference of the column; while the anal area a is larger
than the interradial series, and is composed of a greater number of plates, the lower one of which
truncates the subradial; while in the latter genus the areas are all similar to each other, and vary
but slightly in the number and arrangements of the plates composing them.

GLYPTOCRINUS PARVUS Nn. Sp.
PLATE 5, fig. 17.

Body small, narrow, turbinate to the bases of the free arms. Sub-
radial (basal) plates about equal in height and width; the plates of
the radial series sub-equal, the first ones a little the largest. Rays
dividing on the third radial plate, and again on the second supra-

2908 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

radial, above which the plates are smaller and soon become free,
forming the bases of the arms. Interradial series, consisting of six
or more plates, varying from pentagonal to heptagonal. Intersupra-
radials, one, two or more.

Arms long, slender, composed of a single series of short, slightly
wedge-form plates, supporting tentacula on the sides of the alternat-
ing plates; tentacula long and comparatively strong. :

Surface of plates smooth; the center of those composing the rays
strongly elevated, forming a strong round ridge along the ray to the
arms.

This small specimen bears very close resemblance to G. decadac-
¢tylus Wall, and may possibly prove to be the young of that species.
In its present condition it is not so broadly turbinate as the young
individuals heretofore seen of that species.

Formation and locality. In rocks*of the Hudson-river group at
Cincinnati, Ohio.

Genus— POTERIOCRINUS Jfiller.
Subgenus— Dendrocrinus //ail.

Porrrtocrinus (DENDROCRINUS) CADUCEUS 7. sp.
PLATE 5, figs. 7, 8. :

Calyx of medium size, regularly turbinate, lobed at the arm-bases
by the projection of the upper part of the first radial plates.

Basal plates elongate, pentagonal, the upper ends very obtusely
wedge-form. Subradial plates higber than wide, four hexagonal and
one heptagonal. First radial plates wider than high, the upper
margins deeply excavated for the reception of the first arm plate.
Anal series consisting of one large hexagonal plate resting upon the
upper end of the heptagonal subradial plate, supporting other smaller
plates above; three ranges are visible in one individual, the central
range largest and gradually diminishing in size upward ; twenty-four
or twenty-five plates can be counted in direct succession ; they are
hexagonal, with an elevated ridge along the middle of the range.

Surface of body plates obscurely marked by radiating ridges, which
are more distinct near the sutures where-they unite with those from
the adjoining plates; the lateral edges of each plate are marked by
two or three of these ridges, while the other margins have one each.

Arms composed of a single series of short plates, and frequently
bifureating, the first division on the sixth above the first radial plate.
The arms are of moderate size at their origin, rapidly diminishing at

New SPECIES oF CRINOIDEA AND OTHER FOSSILS. 209

each bifurcation. The arm plates aresmooth on the back; the upper
lateral margins somewhat projecting for the attachment of the
tentacula.

Column proportionally slender, obscurely pentangular, composed
of equal joints below, becoming more unequal near the junction with
the calyx.

This species approaches more nearly to P. alternatus of the
Trenton limestone of New York than to any other described form ;
but it differs in having more elongate body plates; the arm plates are
not compressed laterally, and the column is much smaller and com-

_ posed of equal joints, while in that species the joints are very unequal.

Formation and locality. In shales of the Hudson-river group,
at Lebanon, Ohio. From Mr. J. Kelly O’Neall.

PoOTERIOCRINUS POSTICUS 2. Sp.
. PLATE 5, figs. 5, 6.
: Body small or of medium size, narrowly turbinate to near the
| origin of the free arms. Basal plates small, a little wider than high,
obtusely wedge-form on the upper end. Subradials, abont twice the
_ size of the basals, somewhat regularly hexagonal, except the one on
| the anal side, which is larger and heptagonal. First radials a little
| wider than the subradials and not so high; all the radial plates a
| little wider than high. Anterior ray dividing on the seventh radial
_ plate, the other on the sixth radial; divisions of the rays, above the
_ primary division, occurring at irregular distances, moderately diverg-
| ing and rapidly decreasing in size; the number of bifurcations can-
| not be determined from the specimen under examination. Arm
plates, as far as seen, rather shorter than wide, equal sided.

| Anal area large; first anal plate largest, pentangular or hepta-
_ gonal, resting upon the larger subradial, and supporting two or three
: plates on its upper edges, above which rises the strong, broad pro-
| boscis, which is composed of eight ranges of hexagonal plates,
| decreasing in size regularly from below upwards, and marked by ele-
| vated ridges passing to those of the adjacent ranges.

| Surface of plates smooth.
{

The most conspicuous feature in this species is the broad anal area
surmounting the large subradial plate.

formation and locality. In rocks of the Hudson-river group,
Cincinnati, Ohio. From Mr. C. B. Dyer.

14

210 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Genus — HETEROCRINUS fall.

This genus, originally described in the first volume of the Paleon-
tology of New York, is there represented as being destitute of basal
plates. This is true of many specimens examined, and of most of the
species in their ordinary condition.. Some of them, however, do pre-
sent small points or nodes at the summit of the column, alternating
with the subradial (described as basal) plates; and these should
undoubtedly be regarded as basal plates. Other specimens show the
existence of minute basal plates on the removal of the column,
proving that these parts of the calyx exist in an undeveloped
condition.

Were the basal plates developed, the structure of the calyx would
be the same as in PorEriocrinus ; and in the absence of these plates,
those which are the subradials in that genus become the basal or
lower series, resting directly upon the column in the forms referred
to Hrerrrocrtnts. Since we have acquired farther knowledge of the
structure and mode of growth in Crinoidea, we have become
acquainted with similar conditions in other genera, particularly of
Lower and Upper Silurian forms. It may become a question of some
interest, whether species or genera, where the absence of certain
parts may be presumed due to non-development, or want of external
development, shall be entitled to rank as genera on that account.

HETEROCRINUS CONSTRICTUS 7. Sp.
PLATE 5, figs. 13, 14.

Body and arms somewhat above the medium size, robust, expand-
ing gradually from the basal plates to the top of the second radials
of the principal rays, and more abruptly from below the origin of
the arms, giving a constricted appearance to the fossil at that point.
Basal plates very low, not more than half as high as the width.

In three of the rays—the anterior, left antero-lateral and right
postero-lateral—the bifurcation takes place on the third plate; the
first and second plates are quadrangular, and of nearly equal height and
width; the third is short pentangular, and directed outward from the
plane of the plates below. In the right antero-lateral ray, the bifur-
cation takes place on the fourth radial plate, the constriction at the
top of the third, and the plates broader than high. In the left postero-
lateral ray the bifurcation is on the fifth radial, and the constriction
still at the top of the third, the fourth plate being very short. Arms
above the bifurcation strong, composed of a single row of wedge-
form plates, every third one of which, on alternate sides, or every
sixth one on the same side, bears a short, thick armlet, which is
composed of quadrangular plates.

New SPECIES OF CRINOIDEA AND OTHER FOSSILS. Q11

Anal plates, only one visible in the specimen which is used for
description ; this rests upon the side of the second radial plate of the
adjoining ray, and is irregularly pentangular and of medium size.

Surface of body-plates smooth; those of the arms irregularly con-
stricted, and somewhat zig-zag in arrangement.

This species is distinguished from ZZ. simplex Hall, by the struc-
ture of the body, the constriction below the origin of the free arms,
and in having the armlets rising only from every third plate, while
in /7. simplex they rise from every second plate on opposite sides,
or every fourth plate on the same side.

Formation and locality. In the limestones of the Hudson-river
group, at Cincinnatti, Ohio. From Mr. C. B. Dyer. :

HETEROCRINUS LAXUS 7. sp.
PLATE 5, fig. 15.

Body small, with long, comparatively stout, flexuous arms, which
give origin to strong armlets at regular distances on the opposite
sides. Calyx turbinate, strongly pentalobate in the upper part, but
little higher than the width of the upper margin. Basal plates pro-
portionally large, pentangular, width and height equal. First radial
plates higher than wide, the others of equal proportions, or wider
than high; the adjacent margins united to the top of the second
radials in the anterior and left antero-lateral rays, and to the top of
the third in the other rays, thus forming the calyx ; above this point
they become free.

The bifurcation of the rays takes place on the fifth and sixth plate
above the basals; beyond this point there are no true bifurcations,
the arms giving support to strong armlets on every fourth plate on
the opposite sides, or every eighth plate on the same side. Arm
plates quadrangular, height and width nearly equal. Armlet plates
long, quadrangular.

There are indications at several points that the armlets also bifur-
cate at about the sixth or seventh plate.

Anal plates, two visible in the specimen; narrow, elongate, the
lower one resting upon the side of the second radial plate of the
adjacent rays.

Surface of plates smooth or granulose.

This is easily distinguished from the other species by the pentalo-
bate calyx, the serpentine direction of the arms, and the greater
number of plates between the armlets.

Formation and locality. In the rocks of the Hudson-river group,
at Cincinnati, Ohio. From Mr. C. B. Dyer.

212 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

HETEROCRINUS JUVENIS n. sp.
Prate 5, figs. 9, 10.

- Body minute, the greatest diameter of the cup not exceeding a
line, and the height from the base to the top of the first arm plates a
line and a half.

Basal plates appearing only as triangular points at the lower lateral
angles of the adjacent subradials. Subradial plates wider than high,
hexagonal. Three of the first radial plates higher than wide, each
supporting a single smaller arm plate, which presents the appearance
of having had another plate above; the other two radial plates are

short, quadrangular ; one of them supporting a small plate above, and

the other one a wedge-form plate, upon which rest two other small
plates, one larger than the other ; the largest of these has the position
and appearance of an anal alee

Surface of plates smooth.

Column distinctly pentangular, nearly as large as the diameter of
calyx, composed of alternating thick and thin plates.

This crinoid may be only the young of some previously described
species ; but as there have been several individuals found, all pre-

senting the same characters and of about the same size, I have —

thought proper to designate it as a distinct species for the present.
Formation and locality. In shales of the Hudson-river group,
at Lebanon, Ohio. From Mr. J. Kelly O’Neall.

Herrrocrinus ? (locrinus) Potyxo n. sp.
PLATE 5, figs. 1-4.

Calyx short, broadly turbinate and strongly pentalobate, consist-
ing of only two ranges of visible plates.

Basal plates undeveloped and entirely concealed by the column ; :
sometimes seen on its removal in large individuals. Subradial plates
very short, their lateral margins reaching but Jittle above the base,
strongly wedge-form above. Jadial plates wider than high; nearly
the entire width of the upper margin occupied by the cicatrix for the
attachment of the arm. No anal plates have yet been observed in
any of the individuals examined.

Arms long and slender, with frequent bifurcations ; composed in
the lower part of short plates, the upper margins of which project
beyond the base of the next succeeding plate; in the upper-part, the
arms are proportionally narrower and somewhat carinate on the back.
The first division of the arms takes place on the second radial plate
in one ray, on the sixth plate in another, and in the other three rays

New Species oF CRINOIDEA AND OTHER Fossits. 213

on the fifth plate; above this the arms divide four or five times,
becoming very slender toward their extremities.

The calyx plates are deeply impressed at their lateral margins, giv-

ing the strongly pentalobate character, The first radial plates have
also a strong elevated ridge passing across the lateral sutures from
plate to plate; this is nearly as high as the center of the plate. In
well-preserved specimens there is a small node at the lower lateral
angles of the first radial plates, and a corresponding node at the
upper extremity of the subradial plates. No other surface markings
have been observed.
- Column of medium strength, strongly pentangular or obsoletely
pentalobate, composed of alternating thick and thin plates of two or
more sizes ; the angles of the thick plates subnodose. At and near
the junction with the calyx, the column sometimes becomes deeply
pentalobate.

This is a distinct and strongly marked species, and is readily dis-
tinguished from other forms by its deeply pentalobate calyx, and the
extremely rugose character of the arms, caused by the projection of
the upper margins of the short quadr angular plates.

Formation and locality. In shales of the Hudson-river group, at
Cincinnati, Ohio.

HETEROCRINUS EXILIS 7. sp.
Puate 5, fig. 16.
Body small, with long slender arms ; calyx turbinate.
_ Basal plates minute, appearing only as the upper joint of the
column. Subradial plates hexagonal; height and width subequal.
Radial plates varying in number in the different rays, and bifurca-

ting at different distances above their origin ; the postero-lateral rays

bifurcate on the second radial plates ; the antero-lateral rays bifurcate
on the fourth, and the anterior ray apparently on the sixth plate.
Anal plates not observed.

Arms bifureating once or twice; plates of the arms long and slen-
der, the upper margins projecting, furnished with proportionally long
and slender tentacula.

Surface of plates smooth and having only the general curvature of
the body, except in the basal series, where each forms a small node
below the junction of the adjoining subradial plates.

Column pentangular near its junction with the body, but more dis-
tinctly rounded below; composed of alternating thick and thin
joints. !

914 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

This is a small gracefully formed species; it differs from the H.
simplex (== H. canadensis Billings, Decade iv, Canadian Organic
Remains, Pl. iv, f. 5) of the same locality, in size, in the structure of
the calyx, and in the form and structure of the arms.

Formation and locality. Hudson-river shales, Cincinnati, Ohio.

From Mr. W. H. Thomas.

Genus — AGELACRINUS Vanuwxem.

AceE.Lacrinus [Lxeripopiscus] Cincrnnatiensis L2@m.

F. Ramer, Verh. Naturh. ver. fur Rheinl. und Westph., Vol. viii, p. 372, t. 2, figs.
3a, 0. 1851. Bronn’s Lethea Geog. Vol. ii, pp. 275-277, t. 4, fig. 6.

PLATE 2, fig. 7.

This species, described by Ramesr, is from the Lower Silurian |

shales of the age of the Hudson-river group at Cincinnati.

It has a moderately convex disc, usually with a diameter of
one-half to three-fourths of an inch, though it sometimes reaches
a diameter of nearly one inch, which is about the size of the one
figured by Dr. Ramer. The smallest specimen identified with this
species has a diameter of less than one-fourth of an inch.

The disc is composed of numerous imbricating scale-like plates,
the rays all curving, four sinistral and one dextral, the interradial
areas composed of large plates; the mouth, anal or ovarian aperture,
situated subcentrally in the largest area and enclosed between the
dextral and one of the sinistral rays, and surrounded by a pyramid
of small triangular plates.

This species is more commonly found adhering to the valves of
Strophomena alternata, though it sometimes occurs attached to the
shell of Afodiolopsis and to coralline masses.

AGELAORINUS PILEUS 7. Sp.
i PLATE 2, figs. 8-10.

Body subglobose or globular bell-shaped, attached by the smaller
extremity, which is composed of small squamiform plates. Rays
rising from the top of the dome, and curving gently down the sides:
four sinistral and one dextral; the dextral and one sinistral surround
the posterior interradial space. The rays are formed of two ranges
of lanceolate plates, their ends pointed and interlocking over the
arm-grooves; their bases originating in a transverse pyramid formed
by the union of two bifurcating or \V/-shaped plates, one on each side
of the base of the anterior ray, and a single shield-shaped plate which
is situated at the upper extremity of the posterior interradial area.
The extremities of the rays appear to have been subsessile. The late-
ral arms originate in pairs, the anterior arm being separated from
them by the \-shaped plates.

New SPECIES OF CRINOIDEA AND OTHER Fossits. 215

Interradial areas distinct, the posterior one quite large, and com-
posed of numerous very small plates. Ovarian aperture situated
subcentrally in the largest interradial area.

This species, in specimens flattened from above, might readily be
mistaken for A. Cincinnatiensis Roemer; but on comparison, it will
be found. to have a proportionally larger posterior interradial area
composed of smaller plates; and in the other areas, the plates bor-
dering the arm-grooves. are proportionally longer and of a different
form. When the specimens have been crushed or flattened verti-
cally, the body is found to overlap the basal margin of the disc.

In its normal condition, the specimen has been about half an inch
in diameter.

Formation and locality. In shales of the Hudson-river group, at
Cincinnati, Ohio. |

‘AGELACRINUS VORTICELLATUS 7. SD.
PLATE 6, figs. 11-18.

Body discoid, depressed-convex on the upper surface; attached by
the under surface to foreign bodies.

Marginal portion of the disc composed of several ranges of minute
squamiform plates: inner portion of the disc occupied by five ele-
vated, sinistrally curved and closely coiled rays or arm-grooves, the
curvature of each ray making about one-fourth of a volution. Rays
composed of a double row of lanceolate-spatulate plates, which inter-
lock at their upper ends to cover the arm-grooves. The plates form-
ing the outer curvature of the ray are longest, and inclined at alower
angle than those of the inner side. The inner ends of the rays ter-
minate in a solid pyramid formed by the union of the two bifurcating
or \/-shaped plates and one shield-shaped plate.

Interradial areas very small, hardly perceptible. Ovarian aperture
minute, situated near the bases of the postero-lateral rays.

This species is easily distinguished from the others of this forma-
tion by having the arms all curved in one direction, and by being
almost destitute of interradial areas.

The specimen described is less than half an inch in diameter.

Formation and locality. In shales of the Hudson-river group,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

AGELACRINUS (HEMICYSTITES) STELLATUS 2. Sp.
PuatTE 6, figs. 5, 6.

Body small, subdiscoid, sides of the disc rising nearly vertically
from the place of attachment; composed of very minute squamiform

916 .Twenry-FrourTH REPORT on THE STATE Museum.

plates. Rays straight, broad at base, narrowing toward the outer
extremities, which are obtusely rounded ; composed of proportionally
large plates.

Interbrachial areas distinct. Ovarian aperture situated centrally
in the largest area.

This species is represented by two individuals, the largest of which
is very entire, and presents all the parts in a very satisfactory condi-
tion. The perfectly straight rays are peculiar, and do not admit of
the probability of its being the young of any of the forms with curved
rays; since young specimens of Agelacrinus Cincinnatiensis of but
little larger growth have the rays distinctly curved.

This form is similar to the Hemicystites parasiticus of the Niagara
group, having the sides more abruptly elevated than the ordinary
forms of AgELacrinus, while the rays are straight and prominent. In
consideration of these and other characters mentioned, I designated
the Niagara species under the name Hemicystirzs, while Dr. Remer
and others following him, have placed the same under AGELACRINUS.
I am, nevertheless, disposed to regard such forms as generically dis-
tinct.

Formation and locality. In shales of the Hudson-river group, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio. Parasitic on Strophomena alternata. )

Genus — LICHENOCRINUS nov. gen.

Bodies parasitic on shells and other foreign substances. Form dis-
coid or depressed-convex, with a proboscidiform appendage rising
from the center. Disc composed of an indefinite number of poly-
gonal plates, and apparently having no distinct mode of arrange-
ment. Proboscis perforate, and in the known species formed of five
ranges of short plates alternating and interlocking at their margins.

The fossils for which this generic name is proposed are small para-
gitic scab-like bodies, usually found adhering to the smooth surfaces
of shells and other foreign substances. 3

The two species now known are from the shales of the Hudson-
river group in the neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio.

Licurnocrinus DyEri 2. sp.
PLATE 7, figs. 1-6.

Body small, discoid, depressed in the middle, with five slight ele-
vations midway between the center and the edge of the disc. Pro-
boscis strong, composed of short plates. Disc composed of very
small polygonal plates. Surface smooth.

Formation and locality. Hudson-river group, at Cincinnati,
Ohio ; attached to the inner surface of worn valves of shells. From

Mr. C. B. Dyer.

New Species or ORINOIDEA AND OTHER Fossits. 217

LICHENOCRINUS CRATERIFORMIS 7. Sp.
Pratn 7, fig. 7.

Body small, distinctly subpentagonal, subdiscoid, with an elevated
margin and strongly depressed center; composed of medium-sized
polygonal plates. Proboscis minute, central.

This species differs from the preceding in its more elevated margin,
and in the absence of the five prominences of the disc; the proboscis
is much smaller in proportion to the size of the body, and the whole
is composed of a smaller number of larger sized plates.

Formation and locality. In shales of the Hudson-river group;
Oxford, Ohio.

Genus—CYCLOCYSTOIDES Billings & Salter.

In the descriptions of fossils accompanying the Report on the Lake
Superior Land District,* I noticed, without designating by name, a
peculiar crinoidean or cystidean body, of which the specimen pre-
served showed simply a circular range of small plates, joining each
other by their lateral faces. No further notice of this or other simi-
lar bodies was given till the publication of the Third Decade of the
Organic Remains of Canada, in 1858, where Messrs. Salter and Bil-
lings have described two similar forms under the generic name
CyctocystoipEs, as follows:

“ Generic characters. Discoid, surfaces formed of an integument
composed of numerous small granular plates, which appear to be
radiately arranged ; margin entirely surrounded by thick subquad-
rate plates, each of which presents upon its outer half, two deep
obtusely oval excavations. These, in perfect specimens, are covered
over by minute polygonal plates, thus forming a tubular channel
around the whole animal. This channel appears to have been con-
nected with the interior by small pores, penetrating through the
marginal plates, there being one pore leading from each of the exca-
vations. The margin or (perhaps) disc was also connected with a
long tube, like the proboscis of some of the Crinoids, formed of many
small polygonal plates.” [Can. Org. Rem., Decade ili, p. 86. 1858.]

A specimen of this genus from the Trenton limestone of Saratoga
county differs from any described, and in some respects does not
correspond with the generic description given above. The specimen
is not quite circular, but is subovate and obscurely pentagonal, with
twenty-six submarginal plates, outside of which are two ranges of
plates, and surrounding these is a granulose or subreticulate border.
The portion outside of the circle of large plates appears to be entire,

* Foster & Whitney’s Report on the Lake Superior Land District, p. 209, pl. xxv, fig. 4a-c. 1851.

218 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

but there is no evidence of the concentric “tube” described as

characteristic of the genus; nor does there appear to have been any
place for such a tube, which, it will be observed from the illustrations
(loc. cit.), has not been seen in place by the authors of the genus, but
is represented as lying separated on the same slab or stone with the
fossil described. |

The enlarged figure has the aspect of a crinoidean proboscis, and is
represented as a cylindrical tube. In the ideal section (fig. 10, pl. x, |

bis. loc. cit.), this tube is represented as an archway bordering the
ossicula or larger plates, and extending over the smaller excavated
plates. It seems to me that if the appendage be a cylindrical tube
it could not have found attachment to the border, and if an arch of
small plates, as represented in fig. 10, we should find some evidence

of a cicatrix for its attachment. Neither the specimen now under |

consideration, nor the one from the Escanaba river, show any evi-
dence of this marginal tube, nor does the structure, so far as I can
discover, require any such exceptional development.

Cyciocystorpes SALTERI 7. sp.
PuatTE 6, fig. 16.

Body discoid, subovate and obtusely pentagonal, with a prominent. |
circle of quadrangular plates, which are a little longer than wide, and |
somewhat contracted or sloping and striate at the ends, with granu- ©
lose surface. Within this range of plates the disc is thin, sabmem- _
branaceous in appearance, and composed of small plates which are —

arranged in radiating order representing the ambulacra.
The center has apparently been composed of a pyramid of minute

plates with five depressions surrounding it, from each of which pro- —

ceed two diverging rays, composed of double ranges of pores which

|

extend to the ring of larger plates or ossicula. Between each pair —

of rays there is an intermediate shorter ray of similar character.
Between the rays which are directed to the broader extremity, there
is an oval opening, which may represent the oral aperture. The space
between these rays is wider than between any of the others, giving
room for this feature.

The entire interior portion of the disc presents a delicate reticulate
structure.

The border outside of the ring of larger plates consists first, of a
range of small plates which are elevated in the center and at the
margin with an intermediate space depressed. There are from two
‘to three of these plates to one of the larger ones. Bordering these
there is a range of submarginal scale-like plates, arranged in pairs,
which are closely anchylosed, there being one pair of these to each

|

New SPECIES oF CRINOIDEA AND OTHER FOSSILS. 219

of those just described: the anchylosed edges are distinctly depressed,
while the exterior margins are prominent. Surrounding the whole
there is a narrow granulose (shagreen) border which is entire on its
outer margin.

This body thus constituted seems to resemble the Echinidee of suc-
ceeding geological periods more than the Crinoidea, Cystidee or
Asteride of the Paleozoic formation, and in the minutiz of its
structure becomes an object of interest.

The specimens which I have observed do not appear to have been
parasitic; and no -indication of such a character is given by the
authors of the genus. From the manner of their occurrence I con-
sider them to have been floating bodies; the dise composing the
solid portions of the animal, and from which may have depended a
fleshy or cartilaginous sac.

Formation and locality. In a soft shaly seam in the Trenton
limestone, near Saratoga, New York.

CYCLOCYSTOIDES ANTECEPTUS 7. Sp.

The specimen consists of a subovate ring of strong plates, which
are narrow on their inner faces, or somewhat wedge-form, the trans-
verse diameter the greater, and the height greater than the length.
Their surfaces are strongly granulose, separated at the sutures as for
the intervention of muscular attachments.

The marginal plates have been removed, and nothing is known of
the character of the disc.

Formation and locality. In the upper part of the Trenton
limestone, or base of the Hudson-river group, on the Escanaba
river, in Michigan.

Genus—CRANIA Retzius.

CrANnIA TRENTONENSIS 2. Sp.
Puate 7, figs. 11, 12.

Shell of medium size, strongly convex on the upper valve; width
a little greater than the length, greatest width below the middle of
the shell. Beak of dorsal valve small, pointed towards, and situated
near, the cardinal border.

Surface marked by strong concentric lines of growth. No striz
or radiating lines are visible. Transverse diameter eleven-twentieths
of an inch; length half an inch.

This species bears considerable resemblance to C. Hamittonensis
in its general form and in surface characters, but differs in having
the beak so near the cardinal border.

Formation and locality. In Trenton limestone, Middleville, New
York.

99() Twenry-rourTH Report on rae Srare Muszvw.

CRANIA SETIGERA 1. sp.
PuateE 7, figs. 18, 14.

Shell small, suborbicular; length greater than width; cardinal
margin nearly straight. Dorsal valve convex; beak elevated, pointed,
situated nearly one-third the length of the valve from the cardinal
border.

Surface marked by comparatively coarse pustules or setee, which
are more distant near the margin of the shell.

The surface-structure and the prominent pointed beak are sufii-
ciently characteristic to distinguish this species from any other form
of the genus found in the rocks of this age.

Lormation and locality. In limestones of the period of the Tren-
ton limestone, near Mineral Point, Wisconsin.

CRANIA SCABIOSA 2. 8p.
PLATE 7, fig. 15.

Shell somewhat less than medium size, usually discoid or little ele-
vated, but sometimes prominent, irregular in outline; margin thick-
ened. Apex of dorsal valve eccentric, varying in different individu-
als. Surface of valve having usually strong lamellose lines of growth,
which are sometimes obscured by the roughness of the substance to
which the specimen is attached, showing through the shell or causing
it to grow irregularly, by which it often assumes the features of the
foreign body. Ventral valve unknown.

This species is not uncommon; usually found attached to shells of
other Brachiopoda, and sometimes on Cuarrrxs and other substances.
The valves of Orthis lynx, Orthis occidentalis and Streptorhynchus
planumbona are often found with several individuals so crowded
together as to give quite an irregular outline to the specimens.

Lormation and localities. In the Hudson-river group, at Cincin-

nati, Oxford and Lebanon, Ohio; also on the banks of the Ohio
river opposite Westport, Kentucky.

Cranta Lari n. sp.
PLATE 7, fig. 16.

Shell small, discoid or moderately convex on the upper valve,
somewhat narrowed towards the cardinal border. Apex of the dorsal
valve minute, not prominent, situated about one-third the length of
the valve from the cardinal margin.

Surface marked by fine but very sharply elevated radiating strize,
which are sometimes tortuous, and frequently increased by implanta-
tion. Ventral valve and interiors not observed.

New SPECIES OF CRINOIDEA AND OTHER FOSSILS. 991

This is a distinct and well marked species, not easily to be mis-
taken for any other now known to me. Its nearest analogue is (C.
erenistria of the Hamilton group; but the striz are sharper, with
the apex more appressed, and somewhat differently situated. :

Formation and locality. In rocks of the Hudson-river group,
Oxford, Ohio. From Mr. David Christy.

Genus— PHOLIDOPS #aill.

PuHouiwors TRENTONENSIS 7. Sp.
PLATE 7, fig. 8.

Shell small, broadly oval, very depressed-convex. Apex situated
near the cardinal extremity. Surface marked by strong concentric
lamellose lines of growth.

This shell is larger than any other described species, except the
P. terminalis from the Oriskany sandstone, at Cumberland, Md.,
and differs from all the others in the regularity of the oval outline,
and the proximity of the apex to the cardinal margin. The speci-
mens which I have seen do not appear to have the surface so closely
marked with squamose lines as most of the other forms.

Formation and locality. Found on the surfaces of slabs of
Trenton limestone, from Middleville, New York, associated with
Orthis testudinaria.

PHOLIDOPS SUBTRUNCATUS.
PuatE 7, fig. 9.
Orbicula ? Re ieuncats Hall, Paleontology of New York, Vol. i, p. 290, pl. 79,
figs. 7a, 7.

This species, on examination, proves to be a Puoximors, and dis-
tinguished from all the others by its wide and subtruneate posterior
border.

The original is from the shales of the Hudson-river group, at
Lorraine, Jefferson county, New York.

We have therefore two Lower Silurian species of the genus, now
known to range from Lower Silurian to Devonian, inclusive.

Genus — TREMATIS Sharpe.

TREMATIS MILLEPUNCTATA 2. Sp.
PLATE 7, figs. 22-25.

Shell small, suborbicular, transverse on the ventral side and len-
ticular in profile. Ventral valve strongly convex below the middle,
more depressed above; with a narrow deeply depressed pedicle-open-
ing, the margins of which are flattened for a space nearly equal to
the breadth of the opening. Dorsal valve more elongate, most con-

999 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

vex above the middle; the beak pointed and projecting considerably

beyond the opposite valve; with a depressed or concave triangular
area. Interior of the dorsal valve marked near the middle by two com-

paratively large semicircular or reniform muscular scars, the breadth —

across the two more than equal to one-third of the diameter of the
valve: the center of the valve has also a slight mesial septum.

Surface strongly punctate in concentric curves passing from the ©

center of the shell outwards, extending through the shell near the
front of the valves, and distinctly marking the cast: inner layers of
shell not punctate. _

Specimens of this species have been sent from Cincinnati, and pub-
lished and figured as the 7. terminalis of Emmons. It differs from

that species, however, in being more transverse, with a less convexity —

of the ventral valve and more prominent beak of the dorsal valve;
and also in the character of the punctate structure. The Trenton
species is distinctly punctured, the puncta passing through the shell,

showing most distinctly on partially exfoliated specimens; while in |

this species they are entirely confined to the exterior layers of the
shell. It is also destitute of the radiating striz always found on 7,
terminalis when the shell is partially exfoliated.

The specimens of this species usually measure about half an inch
in length and five-eighths of an inch in width. I have received
them trom Mr. 8. P. Carley, Mr. U. P. James, and other sources.

Formation and locality. In shales of the Hudson-river group,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

TREMATIS ? PUSTULOSA 7, sp.

Shell large, subquadrangular, both valves strongly convex; the
greatest convexity of the ventral valve at or below the middle; that
of the dorsal valve, above the middle. Peduncular opening small,
near the cardinal margin. Beak of the dorsal valve not prominent.

Surface marked by concentric wrinkles and fine distant radiating
strise, which are produced in pustules or short spines on the front of
the valves, where they cross the concentric lines, and become trans-
verse nodes on the lateral portions of the shell.

In casts, or much exfoliated shells, there are radiating lines, which
appear to have been vascular markings. ;

This species is easily distinguished by its subequally ventricose
valves, the quadrate outline, and the peculiar surface-markings.

The length of the specimen is about three-fourths of an inch with
a width of a little more than one inch; the depth of the two
valves together is about five-eighths of an inch. |

formation and locality. In shales of the Hudson-river group,
three miles east of Horicon, Wisconsin.

New SPECIES OF CRINOIDEA AND OTHER FOSSILS. 993

Genus—DALMANIA Emmerich.
DALMANIA BREVICEPS %. Sp.
PuateE 8, figs. 15, 16.

Body broadly ovate in general form, having its greatest width across
the base of the cephalic shield. Head subcrescentiform, the anterior
margin very slightly produced in front of the glabella. Frontal lobe
of glabella transversely elliptical, the breadth nearly twice as great
as the length, separated from the anterior lobe by deep narrow
furrows. Anterior lobe transversely subovate, prominent ; middle
and posterior lobes obsolete ; occipital ring narrow, distinctly defined.

Eyes very prominent, with five lenses in the central vertical range,
but the number of vertical ranges cannot be determined ; palpebral
lobe depressed. The outer border of the movable cheeks is thickened
and rounded, and the space between the border and the eye depressed.
The posterior spines long and broad, reaching to the sixth thoracic
segment.

Thorax with the axial lobe highly convex and the lateral lobes
strongly geniculate, subequal in width, rapidly tapering posteriorly
from the fourth or fifth segment. Segments curved forward on the
top of the axial lobe, and the furrows on the pleura strongly marked.

Pygidium obtusely pointed behind, the lateral borders inclosing an
angle of about 120°, the anterior border rounded; the number of
articulations not clearly defined, but apparently numbering about
ten or twelve, besides the terminal one: ‘those of the lateral lobes
have been more numerous.

The entire surface, so far as can be seen on the specimen, has been
finely pustulose. |

This species differs from all others described, in the short cephalic
shield, and in the absence of middle and posterior glabellar lobes. In
general form, it resembles Dalmania callicephala of the Trenton
limestone of New York; but differs conspicuously in having spines
on the posterior angles of the cephalic shield.

Formation and locality. In shales of the Hudson-river group,

Lebanon, Ohio. From Mr. J. Kelly O’Neall.

Genus—PROETUS Stewninger.
PROETUS PARVIUSCULUS 7. Sp.
Puate 8, fig. 14. .

Body, in general form, broadly ovate, widest across the base of the
cephalic shield. Head sublunate, produced into long sharp spines at

224 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

‘the posterior angles of the cheeks. Glabella elevated, broadly sub-
conical rounded in front, concave behind; furrows not visible.

Eyes comparatively large and prominent, separated from the glabella
by a somewhat deep groove; border of the head broad and flattened.

Thorax having the axial lobe very prominent, narrower than the
lateral lobes; segments scarcely arching forwards in the middle;
lateral lobes geniculate, and having the extremities of the pleura
directed backwards and distinctly furrowed to near their outer
extremities.

Pygidium small, semicircular, regularly rounded behind, and the
anterior margin straight to near the lateral angles, where it is abruptly
curved backwards. Axial lobe narrow, not reaching to the posterior
border of the shield; marked by five small annulations, with about
the same number on the lateral lobes, which are less distinctly
marked.

Surface smooth, or very finely granulose.

This species has no near analogue in any member of the genus
hitherto described. It most resembles the P. sculptws Barrande, but
differs in being destitute of the surface markings and of the furrows
on the glabella, and in having ten instead of nine thoracic segments,
the extremities of which are pointed backwards, instead of being
nearly straight and obtuse as in that species.

Formation and locality. In shales of the Hudson-river group,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF FOSSILS

FROM THE

HUDSON RIVER GROUP, IN THE VICINITY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.*

By JAMES HALL.

In November, 1866, some advance sheets of the Z'wentieth Report
on the State Cabinet of Natural [fistory were published, containing
descriptions of new species of Crinoidea, and other fossils. Owing
to the delay in completing the plates for illustrating the paper, it was
omitted from its place in the final publication of the Report, an
explanation of this fact appearing in the proper place.t

In that paper I published a description of the Genus LicHEnocrt-
Nus from specimens then in my possession. Soon afterwards I
received from Mr. C. B. Dyer, of Cincinnati, other specimens, which
seemed sufficient, to disprove the existence of a proboscis which had
been described as characteristic of the genus. In the specimens first
described the portions of this appendage preserved were crushed, and
not more than half a line in length, consisting of a series of small
plates interlocking at their lateral margins after the manner of such
organs in other crinoids. In some specimens, under later examina-
tion, this appendage has a length of several inches, and in others it is
broken off at different distances from the body. It is composed of
distinct plates scarcely interlocking at their lateral margins, but
| assuming the character of.a column or stem.

The adhering tace of the crinoid, which has been seen in several .
specimens, presents a striated surface, and is composed of a series of
fine radiating lamellee with narrow interstices. These vertical lamel-
le reach to the inner surface of the exterior plates, and the whole
presents much the aspect of a shallow cup surrounded by crinoidal
plates and filled with a finely radiating coral. We may imagine that
the spaces between these lamellz have been occupied by slender fleshy
tentacula. The fossil is usually found adhering by the striated or
lamellose face to shells or other organic bodies; and if we suppose
this part to have been the place of lodgment of the viscera, it pre-
sents a very anomalous condition, and we can scarcely believe that
the position in which we find it is the normal one. From the pecu-
liar construction of this dise, it might be suggested that the animal
was capable of thus attaching itself temporarily and removing at
will. .

* Published October, 1871, as advance sheets of the State Museum Report.
+ The paper appears in the present Report, page 205.

15

996 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM. :

We may also suggest another explanation by supposing that the
adhering portion with the appendage are the base and column of an
unknown crinoid, the discovery of which may set at rest the question
concerning its nature. The remarkable striated attached surface
without extending fibres or rootlets, and the regular arrangement of
the plates upon the other side is so different from ordinary known
crinoidal bases as almost to preclude such an idea.

Axpany, September, 1871.
Genus--LEPTOBULUS nov. gen.

hexto€, minutus and obolus.

Shell semiphosphatic, fragile, minute, more or less elliptical ovate
or subcircular, with moderately (or sometimes more extremely) con-
vex valves, which are concentrically marked on the exterior surface.
Ventral valve with a distinct area and pedicel groove ; interior with
an elevated subquadrate muscular area. Dorsal valve a little thick-
ened on the cardinal margin, with slightly elevated trifid muscular
impressions.

There are, in the Utica slate of New York, and in the same hori-
zon in Iowa, and in the shales of the Hudson-river group at and near
Cincinnati, numerous minute, apparently phosphatic shells which
have usually been referred to Liyeuxa, but without a knowledge of
their interior structure. The external form is so similar in all of
them that specific discrimination is often scarcely practicable.

Among the specimens received from Mr. C. B. Dyer, are some
individuals which show the interior characters in a pretty satisfactory
manner. Tor these forms I propose the generic name LeprozBo.us. | |

LEPTOBOLUS LEPIS 7. sp.
PLATE 7, figs. 19, 20.

Shell minute, ovate, or broadly elliptical in outline, about three-
fifths as wide as long, and seldom exceeding seven-hundredths of an
inch in length; moderately convex, the greatest convexity being
about one-third of the length from the beak ; ventral area thickened ;
pedicel groove strongly defined; muscular impression broad, extend-
ing more than one-third the length of the valve; muscular ridges of
the dorsal valve strongly marked, the central one extending two-
thirds the length of the shell, the lateral ones diverging from each
other at an angle of about forty-five degrees, and extending nearly to
the middle of the valve; extremities bifid.

Surface of valves concentrically marked by fine lines of growth.

Formation and locality. In the Hudson-river group at Cincin-
nati, Ohio. From the collection of Mr. C. B. Dyer.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF FOSSILS. 997

LEPTOBOLUS OCCIDENTALIS 7. Sp.
PLATE 7, fig. 18.

Shell minute, usually measuring about eight-hundredths of an inch
in length in full grown individuals; orbicular or broadly ovate in
outline, widest below the middle, and somewhat pointed at the beak ;
valves moderately convex, most prominent near the beak.

Surface marked by concentric lines of growth sometimes forming
varices.

Formation and locality. Very numerous in some dark shales of
the Hudson-river group (probably of the Utica slate horizon) at
Hawley’s mill, twelve miles west of Dubuque, Iowa; and at Platt-

ville, Wisconsin, on the are OEty of specimens labeled by Mir ToD,
Hale.

LEPTOBOLUS INSIGNIS 2. Sp.
PLATE 7, fig. 17.

Shell minute, orbicular, with a scarcely pointed beak; valves regu-
larly convex when not compressed. Specimens usually Hct |

Surface marked by concentric lines of growth.

This species differs from the preceding in being more nearly circu-
lar, with a shorter beak and more regularly convex valves, and both.
this and the preceding species differ from Z. lepis in being much
less elongate, and not so distinctly oval.

Formation and locality. - In the Utica slate at Middleville in Her-
kimer county ; near Fort Plain; at Utica, and other places in New

Y ork.
Genus—LYRODESMA Conrad.

Annual Geol. Report, N. Y., for 1841, p. 51.

“ Hquivalved, inequilateral ; hinge with about eight diverging pro-
minent cardinal teeth, transversely striated.”

The above description of Mr. Conrad has been verified in the dis-
covery of additional specimens of the L. plana Cony. and of other
species of the genus. The following species possess but six diverg-
ing crenulate teeth, showing the necessity of modifying the generic
description.

LyRopESMA CINCINNATIENSIS 7%. Sp.
PLATE 7, fig. 28. |
Shell small, subrhomboidal in outline, and obtusely pointed at the
postero-basal angle; valves moderately convex with a subangular
umbonal ridge and narrow cardinal slope; anterior end rounded and
passing into the more broadly rounded basal line; posterior end

298 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

oblique, pointed below ; hinge line short; beak very small. Hinge
plate occupied by six angular, crenulated, radiating teeth, which,
diverging from beneath the beak, are strongly arched upwards
between their origin and extremities; crenulations minute but very
distinct ; muscular impressions and pallial line not observed.

Differs from ZL. poststriati and L. plana in the much shorter form
and in number of teeth. 7

Formation and locality. In the Hudson-river group at Cincinnati,
Ohio. From Mr. C. B. Dyer.

TELLINOMYA PECTUNCULOIDES 72. Sp.
PLATE 7, fig. 26.

Shell small, subcireular in outline, with the posterior end slightly
prolonged below the middle, giving a little obliquity to the shell;
posterior cardinal border obliquely sloping to the point of greatest
extension; anterior and basal borders regularly rounded; beaks
small; general surface of the valves depressed convex. Hinge plate
strongly arcuate, more abruptly curving in the middle, occupied by
ten or twelve teeth on each side of the center, those in the middle
being nearly straight, becoming more and more bent and angular
toward the extremities; muscular impressions large and distinct;
pallial line strongly marked, situated considerably within the border
of the valve. : | ;

Surface characters of the valves not observed.

This species is more nearly circular than any species yet described
from rocks of this age, and may be easily distinguished by this feature
as well as the gentle convexity of the valves.

Formation and locality. In shales of the age of the Hudson-
river group, at Cincinnati, Ohio. In the cabinet of Mr. C. B. Dyer.

Genus—CLIDOPHORUS Hall.

Paleontology of N. Y., vol 1, p. 300.

When originally described, the species of this genus were supposed
to be destitute of hinge teeth, or at least of crenulations like the
Nucule. Several years since, however, I had determined that some
western forms referred by me to the genus were crenulate on the
hinge line, and during the-past year the same character has been
observed in the typical forms of the genus from the Hudson-river
shales of New York. Should the arrangement of the crenulations
prove the same as in Nucutirus, it will probably be found to possess
no other distinction sufficient to separate it from that genus.

a ti ee

a I tS a

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF FOSSILS. VID

Genus—FUSISPIRA nov. gen.

Shell fusiform, imperforate, spire more or less elevated, with
rounded volutions ; aperture elongate-ovate or elliptical, produced
below, forming a subrimate canal; columella slightly twisted, with-
out folds, peristome sharp.

Surface smooth.

Types of the genus, Fusispira ventricoses and F. terebriformis.

The shells for which the above generic name is proposed have the
general form of Fusus, and particularly the group included under the
name Trrronorusus Beck; being smooth shells with subequal extremi-
ties, but the columella is "much less twisted, which gives to them a
more erect aspect. They differ from Susutires in not being truncate
at the base of the columella, and in being destitute of the deep basal
notch characteristic of that genus.

So far as at present known they are confined to the Trenton and
Hudson-river periods.

The two following species described in the Paleontology of N. Y.,
Vol. I, will probably prove to belong tothis genus: Mur ‘chisonia vit-
tata = Lusispira vittata, and Mur chisonia subf usiformis== F, sub-

Susiformis.

F'USISPIRA VENTRICOSA 2. Sp.
PuatTE 8, fig. 6.

Shell ventricose, consisting of six or seven volutions, the first three
or four slender, the subseqnent ones more rapidly expanding and
ventricose, giving an unequally increasing spire; body volution
large, occupying two-thirds of the entire length of the shell; suture
distinct, not channelled or impressed. Aperture narrow oblique,
modified by the preceding volution and nearly equalling one-half the
length of the shell; columella less than half the length of the shell,
slightly twisted, base rounded below, forming a broad shallow canal;
outer lip sharp, directed forward in the middle.

Length of specimen described two and three-fourths inches; diame-
ter of body whorl one inch and three-eighthis.

Formation and locality. In the Trenton limestone at De Pere,
three miles north of Green Bay.

FUsISPIRA ELONGATES 7. Sp.
PuaTE 8, fig. 5.
Shell elongate fusiform, spire slender and elevated, gradually taper-
ing; volutions moderately convex, number unknown, but judging
from those remaining there have been at least eight, of which the last

930 TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

one forms fully one-half of the length of the shell; aperture very
long and narrow; columella very much produced; canal broad and
shallow; outer lp directed forward in the middle.

This species resembles the /. wittata (Murchisonia vittata of
Pal. N. Y., Vol. I, p. 181, pl. 89), but differs in the form of the volu-
tions and in being more produced below than any of the specimens
of that species.

Length of the four last volutions three and three-fourth inches,
diameter of body whorl one inch and one-fourth.

formation and locality. In the Trenton limestone, half a mile
west of Elkader, Lowa. |

FUSISPIRA TEREBRIFORMIS 7”. sp.
PLATE 8, fig. 4.

Shell terete, acute (subfusiform), consisting of about six, gradually
increasing, depressed-convex volutions, the last one of which forms
about two-fifths of the entire length of the shell, exclusive of the
anterior prolongation ; aperture narrow, obliquely elliptical, strongly
modified above by the preceding volution, and prolonged below,
forming an extended canal.

Surface apparently smooth. Apicial angle about thirty degrees.

Formation and locality. In the Hudson-river group, at Cincin-
nati, Ohio.

Crrrorites DYERI n. sp.
PLATE 8, figs. 7, 8. ,

Shell small, laterally compressed, consisting of two or more volu-
tions, the outer one embracing the inner for about half its breadth,
bearing a moderately wide umbilicus, in which may be seen a portion
of the preceding volution; sides of the volution convex, obtusely
subangular near the margin of the umbilicus into which it curves
abruptly and more gradually declines with a slight convexity, toward
the salient subcarinate dorsum. Transverse section cordiform, broad-
est near the umbilical margin.

Surface of shell marked by from eight to twelve nearly iuaaeene
revolving ridges, with sometimes smaller intermediate ones, and also
crossed by numerous closely arranged transverse lamellose ridges
having a double backward flexure between the revolving lines, and a
general retral direction towards the keel of the shell.

This species differs in the character of its surface markings from
any of the forms heretofore described.

formation and locality. Yn the shales of the Hudson-river group
at Cincinnati, Ohio. From the collection of Mr. C. B. Dyer.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF FOSSILS. 931

LerrerpitiA ([socHILInaA) CYLINDRICA 7. sp.
PLATE 8, fig. 12.

Carapace minute, seldom exceeding two-hundredths of an inch in
length, nearly twice as long as wide: valves very convex and cylin-
drical, the anterior and posterior ends subequal and strongly rounded ;
cardinal line much shorter than the length of the valve; tubercle
obsolete.

Surface smooth.

There appears to be no tubercle or prominence of any kind on the
surface of this minute species, and so far as can be ascertained the
valves do not overlap on the basal border, but as they have not been
seen in connection, this feature, on so small a species, may easily be
overlooked.

Formation and locality. In the Hudson-river group at Cincinnati.
From Mr. C. B. Dyer, and in former collections from Cincinnati.

LerrrpitiA ([socHILINA) MINUTISSIMA 2. sp.
PLATE 8, fig. 13.

Carapace minute, less than two-hundredths of an inch in length,
the width being about two-thirds the length, greatest at the anterior
third, giving a broadly ovate outline, with a straight cardinal margin
of about two-thirds the length of the valve.

Surface of the valves smooth, rising into an obtusely pointed pro-
minence at the anterior third of the length ; basal margin of valves
not overlapping, so far as can be ascertained.

Formation and locality. In the Hudson-river group at Cincinnati,
Ohio. From Mr. C. B. Dyer.

BEYRICHIA TUMIFRONS 2. Sp.
PuaTE 8, fig. 11.

Carapace small, subreniform or semielliptical, dorsal margin
straight nearly as long as the entire length of the valve; anterior
and posterior extremities equal in width, or sometimes having the
anterior a little wider; extremities sharply rounded, basal margin
very broadly rounded. Surface of valves moderately convex with a
deep narrow marginal groove on the basal margin, which becomes
obsolete on the ends before reaching the dorsal angles, leaving a
sharp carinate border. Body of the valve strongly constricted by
two deep oblique sulci, the posterior one originating in the basal
groove and extending obliquely backward two-thirds across the valve ;
the second extends entirely across the valve at about one-third the
length from the anterior end, and is strongly curved backwards in

232 TWENTY-FouRTH REPORT on THE STATE Museum.

the middle, so that the anterior portion of the valve forms a rounded.

area which is often the most prominent part of the body, though in
some specimens the central ridge is equally prominent.

Surface minutely granulose. Length about six-hundredths of an
inch, width about three-hundredths.

This species differs from the B. oculifer in being destitute of the
prominent eye tubercle.

Formation and locality. In the Hudson-river rocks at Jincinnati,
Ohio, from old collections.

BEYRICHIA OCULIFER n. Sp.
PLATE 8, figs. 9, 10.

Carapace small, seldom exceeding seven-hundredths of an inch in
length, by three to four-hundredths in the greatest breadth in the
largest specimens ; valves obliquely subreniform, broadest near the
auterior end, with a straight hinge line, which is a little shorter than

the greatest length of the valve; anterior end projecting beyond the -

hinge ; center moderately convex, with a proportionally broad, deep

channel just within the margin, extending all around it, except for a -

short distance at the posterior extremity near the dorsal, margin.
The body of the valve is crossed obliquely by two deep furrows,
having their origin on the dorsal margin, the posterior one situated

a little more than one-third of the length of the valve from the = |

posterior extremity and extending fully two-thirds across.it; the
anterior furrow is situated just behind the anterior third of the lene
and in its lower portion is more strongly curved forward than. the
other. Eye tubercle large, pedunculated, very prominent, and spread-
ing at the top, its surface equal to about one-third the width of the
valve, and its height at the posterior margin equal to the breadth of

the top, while the anterior margin is but little elevated, giving an

obliquely sloping circular surface, with a denticulated border. This
surface, under a strong magnifier, is seen to be covered by fine eye-
like facets,* similar to those of the eyes of trilobites of the genus
ILLaNUus.

This species is very distinct from any other described, in the form
and strength of the transverse furrows, and especially in the great
prominence of the club- shaped eye tubercle. So far as can be ascer-
tained, it is the first species of this group of crustaceans in which
the eye facets have been detected.

Formation and locality. In the Hudson-river shales at Gene
nati, Ohio. From Mr. C. B. Dyzr, and also among old collections
from the same locality.

* A feature first observed by Mr. Whitfield.

| cl = a ge

Page 36, line 19. after osscuRUs insert (Lesu.).

Page 36, line 26 after TIBURO insert (Val.).

Page 36, line 27? for Zygoena read Zygena.

Page 39, line 7, dele + before Lutjanus.

Page 47, line 25, for Peckianum read Peckiana.

Page 49, line 34, for Tintinabulum read Tintinnabulum.

‘Page 56, line 3, for appendiculata Curt. read inaurata B..& Br.

Page 63, line 16, for rotton read rotten.

Page 75, line 12, for SIMILLIMUS read SIMILLIMA.

Page 85, line 1, for MycroruyrRiuM read MICROTHYRIUM.

Page 87, line 1, for CcLAVa#sSPORIUM read CLAVZSPORUM.

Page 94, line 1, for cHRYSOSPERUM read CHRYSOSPERMUM.

Page 102, line 9, for DELIsLa1 read DELISAI.
| Page 109, line 3 should follow line 1.

| Page 134, lines 28 and 37, for parthenos read Parthenos.
| Page 135, line 4, for (Linn) read (Linn.).
Page 158, line’14, after Idalia, read (Drury) instead of Fubr.
| Page 158, line 16, after Myrina, read (Cram.) instead of Fabr.

Page 158, line 17, after tharos, read (Drury) instead of Boisd. et Lec.
’ Page 159, line 17, after niphon, read (Hitdn.) instead of Westuw.

Page 167, line 26, before the comma, insert, of a fence.

Page 168, line 14, for gordius read Gordius.

Page 168, line 28, for Harris read (Boisd.).

Page 169, line 33, for ferruginaria Pack. MS., read homuraria G7.-Rob.

Page 169, line 37, dele? after semiclarata.
| Page 170, line 1, for Hitbn. read (Hidn.).

Page 186, lines 41 and 42, for Niagara limestone, read Clinton group.

Page 187, line 14, the formation and locality should read: From the Pentamerus
oblongus beds of the Clinton group, at Bear-grass creek, near Louisville, Ky.

Page 205, line 37, dele and Proetzs parviusculus.
) Page 214, lines 11 and 29, for PLATE 2 read PLATE 6.

Page 215, line 15, after AGELACRINUS insert (STREPTASTER).

Page 229, line 7, for ventricosus read ventricosa.

Page 229, line 36, for elongatus read elongata.
/

\
Note.—The Report on the State Museum of Natural History is printed, in the ordinary course, as
a legislative document of 800 copies. The copies for the Regents of the University and for the State
Museum are printed by a distinct legislative order, but bear the date of the documentary .edition,
| which, in the present instance, was printed and delivered in 1872, according to the imprint of the

title page.

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PLATES AND EXPLANATIONS, —

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PLA LAS We

CoRTINARIUS (INOLOMA) ASPER Pk,
Page "2.
Fig. 1. A specimen of ordinary size.

Fig. 2. Vertical section of a pileus of a young plant.
Fig. 3. Spores magnified.

AGARICUS (COLLYBIA) SPINULIFER Pk.
Page 62.
Figs.4, 5. Specimens of ordinary size; one with a young plant attached to its base.

Fig. 6. Vertical section of a pileus.

Fig. 7. ‘Transverse section of a stem.

Fig. 8. Spine-like processes of the lamelle, magnified.
Fig. 9. Spores magnified.

AGARICUS (OMPHALIA) LILACINUS Ph.
Page 63.
Figs.10, 11. Specimens of ordinary size.
Fig. 12. Vertical section of a pileus.
Fig. 18. Transverse section of a stem.

MONOTOSPORA TRISEPTATA Pk.

Page 94.
Fig. 14. A piece of wood bearing a patch of plants.
Fig. 15. Two fertile plants magnified.
Fig. 16. A sporeless plant magnified.
Fig. 17. A plant with its spore more highly magnified.

Urepo ASPiIpioTuUS Pk.
Page 88.
Fig. 18, Part of a frond of Phegopteris Dryopteris bearing Uredo Aspidiotus.
Fig. 19. A spot and sorus magnified.
Fig. 20. Spores magnified.

Plate l.

Saructeperta ee ital ee VPA IKATAS YT RIA NE
sens eamenceiaeds gi. Aug ir rat eave ee eee

24.

Hist

State Mus. Nat

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Bousitius noBiLis Pk:
Page “i.

Figs.1, 2. Specimens of ordinary size; one with a young plant attached to its base.
Fig. 3. Vertical section of a pileus.
Fig. 4. Transverse section of a stem.

BOLETUS BICOLOR Pk.

Page %8. zs
Fig. 5. A specimen of ordinary size.
Fig. 6. Vertical section of a pileus.
Fig. 7. Mouths of tubes magnified.
Fig. 8. Spores magnified.

AGARICUS (PsiILocYBE) LimicoLta Pk.
Page "0.

Figs.9, 10. Specimens of ordinary size; one with a young plant attached to its base.
Fig. 11. Vertical section of a pileus.

Fig. 12. Transverse section of a stem.

Fig. 138. Spores magnified.

AGARICUS (HNTOLOMA) CUSPIDATUS Pk.
Page 64.
Figs.14, 15. Specimens of ordinary size.
Fig. 16. Vertical section of a pileus.
Fig. 17. Transverse section of a stem.
Fig. 18. Spores magnified.

PEZIZA RUBRA Ph.
Page 95.

Fig. 19. Specimens of ordinary size.
Fig. 20. A paraphysis and an ascus with its spores, magnified.
Fig. 21. Spores more highly magnified.

Plate 2.

ageeeeHeines ALINE LIL LNDN INET EN TELS TEE eg
¢ anise Revdes 24h Tene

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aN adic.

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PTO DRILL OSL S SOLO EIEN Ge (

Tata ee ts a aha A eas OB sn aR INR ta saree

bany, N-Y.

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PLATE [T11.

AGARICUS (H#BELOMA) AscoPHoRuUS Ph.
Page 68.
Figs.1, 2. Specimens of ordinary size.
Fig. 3. Vertical section of a pileus.

Fig. 4. Transverse section of a stem.
Fig. 5. A sack with its spores, magnified.
Fig. 6. Spores magnified.

STILBUM GIGANTEUM Pk.
Page 93.

Fig. 7. A tuft of plants of ordinary size.
. A fertile and sterile plant, magnified
Fig. 9. Spores magnified.

Fe

jale
an

ee)

PEZIZA ECHINOSPERMA Pk.
Page 95.

Fig. 10. A lump of earth bearing five plants.

Fig. 11. A plant magnified.

Fig. 12. A paraphysis and an ascus with its spores, magnified.
Fig. 138. A spore more highly magnified.

PUCCINIA TRIPUSTULATA Pk.
Page 91.

Fig. 14. A leaflet of Rutys villosus bearing Puccinia tripustuiata.
Fig. 15. A spot and two sori magnified.
Fig. 16. Spores magnified.

TRICHOBASIS IRIDICOLA Pk.
Page 89.
Fig. 17. Part of a leaf of Jris versicolor bearing Trichobasis Iridicola.
Fig. 18. A sorus magnified.
Fig. 19. Spores magnified. ~

GEOGLOSSUM LUTEUM Pk.
Page 94.

Figs. 20, 21. Specimens of ordinary size showing opposite faces of the club.
Fig. 22. ‘Transverse section of a club.

Fig. 23. ‘Transverse section of a stem.

Fig. 24. A paraphysis and an ascus with its spores, magnified.

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AGARICUS (H#EBELOMA) ILLICITUS Pk.

Page 68.

Figs.1, 2. Specimens of ordinary size.

Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.

be] tf af
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Figs. 10,
Pig. 12.

Fig. 13.
Fig. 14.

Fig. 15.
Fig. 16.
Fig. 17.
Fig. 18.

Figs. 19,
Fig. 21.
Fig. 22.

Fig. 23.
Fig. 24.
Fig. 20.
Fig. 26.

Fig. 27.

Fig. 28.
Fig. 29.

Vertical section of a pileus.
Transverse section of a stem.
Spores magnified.

AGARICUS (ENTOLOMA) SALMONEUS Pk.

; Page 65.
A specimen of ordinary size.

Vertical section of a pileus.

Transverse section of a stem.
Spores magnified.

: COPRINUS SILVATICUS Pk.
Page "1.

11. Specimens of ordinary size.
Vertical section of a pileus.
Transverse section of a stem.
Spores magnified.

COPRINUS SEMILANATUS Pk.
Page "al

A specimen of ordinary size.
Vertical section of a pileus.
Transverse section of a stem.
Spores magnified.

MARASMIUS PULCHERRIPES Pk.
Page ‘vv.
20. Specimens of ordinary size.
Vertical section of a pileus, magnified.
Transverse section of a stem, magnified.
\
NODULARIA BALSAMICOLA Pk.
Page 96.
A piece of bark bearing several plants.
A plant magnified.

Paraphyses and asci with partly formed spores, magnified.

Spores magnified.

MARASMIUS FILOPES Pk.
Page "7.
Specimens of ordinary size.
A plant magnified.
Vertical section of a pileus magnified.

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HetTerRocrinus (Locrinus) Potyxo Hall, 1866.*
Page 212.

Fig. 1. Lateral view of aspecimen with arms, wanting the basal plates. Received
from 8. T. Carley, of Cincinnati.

Fig. 2. A more complete specimen, preserving a large portion of the arms, and
about five inches in length of the column. Received from W. H. Thomas,
formerly of Cincinnati.

Figs. 3,4. Anterior and posterior views of the body of an older specimen of the
same species, corresponding more nearly with H. crassus M. & W.
Collection of U. P. James, Esq. |

POTERIOCRINUS POSTICUS Hall, 1871.
Page 209.
Fig. 5. Anterior view, natural size, showing the body and arms to beyond the first
bifurcation.

Fig. 6. Posterior view of the specimen fig. 5, enlarged to two diameters, showing -
the anal area and lower portion of the proboscis.

POTERIOCRINUS (DENDOCRINUS) CADUCEUS Hall, 1866.
Page 208.
Fig. 7. Lateral view of a specimen preserving a portion of the arms and column.

Fig. 8. Antero-lateral view of another individual, preserving a longer portion of
the column. Received from J. Kelly O’Neall, of Lebanon, Ohio.

HETEROCRINUS JUVENIS ffall, 1866.
Page 212.

Figs. 9,10. Two views of the same individual enlarged, showing the body, arms
and a part of the column. Received from J. Kelly O’Neall, Esq.

HETEROCRINUS SIMPLEX Hall.
Pal. N. ¥., vol. 1, p. 280.

Fig. 11. Posterior view of a specimen, preserving body and arms, with a few joints
of the column.

Fig. 12. Lateral view of a portion of one of the arms, showing the position of the
tentacula, which originate from every fourth plate—or upon every
second plate on the alternate sides of the entire arm, leaving a single
plate between without tentacula.

HETEROCRINUS CONSTRICTUS [lall, 1871.
Page 210.
Fig. 18. View of the body with arms attached, showing the characteristic constric-
tion below the base of the arms.
Fig. 14. A portion of one arm enlarged for comparison with H. simplez, showing
two free plates between the tentacula-bearing plates

* Published by Meek & Worthen as Heterocrinus crassus and H. subcrassus. Proceed. Phila. Acad.
Nat. Sci., 1865.

(CRINOIDEA)

AS

By

State Mus. Nat. Mist

.

ACTOR!

puree!

ak

sagouneemarannant

| 8 eae aleve cern

TS aeithee

IY A

waawsanionsrniech vii i
= yanniaudananinened i ‘
Lia WAN ONAN WHANUIATAe
valaahaaaae yee

Fig. 15.

Fig. 16.

Fig. 17.

Fig. 18.

Fig. 19.

PLATE V.—(Continued).

HETEROCRINUS LAXUS Hall, 1871.
Page 211.
Lateral view of a specimen, preserving the body and arms.

HETEROCRINUS EXILIS Hall, 1866.
Page 213.
Posterior view of a specimen, enlarged to two diameters.

GLYPTOCRINUS PARVUS fall, 1871.
Page 207.
Lateral view of specimen, showing body and arms enlarged.

GLYPTOCRINUS NEALLI Hall, 1866.
Page 206.
View of a specimen, preserving a part of the body, the interradial areas,
and the bifurcation of the arms.
View of a specimen, preserving the body and arms to beyond the first
bifurcation after becoming free.

PEATE V1.

Genus HemicystiTEs Hall, 1852.
HEMICYSTITES (s. g. CYSTASTER*) GRANULATUS Hall, 1871.

Fig. 1. View of the summit of a specimen (enlarged to four diameters), showing
the rays, which preserve the external plates, with an oval depression at
the extremities, from which extends a narrow groove along the center
of the ray to the oral plates. The ovarian or anal pyramid is shown as
occupying the widest area.

Fig. 2. A lateral view of another individual from which the exterior plates of the
rays have been removed. The ovarian pyramid preserves only the lower
range of plates. The specimen has been adherent to some foreign body,
ard the lower margin shows the cicatrix of attachment. (Enlarged 24
diameters. )

Fig. 3. An oblique summit view of another individual less elevated than the preced-
ing, showing the rays and ovarian pyramid. In the three more distant
rays, the outer plates are removed, while they are preserved in the other
two. (Enlarged to 24 diameters.)

Fig. 4. Lateral view of an immature (?) specimen, showing three of the rays denuded
of the upper range of plates. The body is more elongate and pointed
below, showing no evidence of having been attached. (Bs to three
diameters.)

These specimens are all from the collection of Mr. C. B. Dyer, of Cin-
cinnati, Ohio.

AGELACRINUS (HEMICYSTITES) STELLATUS Hall, 1866.
Page 215.

Fig. 5. Summit view of a small individual, enlarged to six diameters. The rays are
short, preserving both ranges of plates, of which there are only from
seven to eight in each range. The ovarian pyramid is clearly defined and
the plates distinct. This individual, and a still smaller one attached to
the same shell, have an immature aspect. The plates are arranged in an
apparently imbricate order, as in the typical form of the genus. (En-
larged to six diameters.)

Fig. 6. A summit view of a much larger individual (enlarged to four diameters)
from the rays of which the upper range of plates have been removed,
showing the character of the lower range, and the broad central groove.
In the upper left-hand area, the plates are shown to have an imbricating
arrangement. From the collection of Mr. C. B. Dyer.

* A sac-like body. composed of minute plates and surmounted by five rays or ambulacral areas,
each one consisting of two series of external plates separated by a narrow groove, and beneath these
amore distant series separated by a wider median groove. The structure and arrangement of plates
of the body has not been satisfactorily made out in this form, and, therefore, there may be some
doubt of its generic relations. The first specimens examined were su h as to suggest an immature
form of H. stellatus ; but the uniform character of a granular surface, without visible (or at most
very obscure) plates. suggests a distinction. While the greater number of individnals show evidence
of having been adherent to some foreign body, a single one (fig. 4) appears to have been quite free.
Although a larger amount of materials would be desirable for examination befire deciding upon &
separation from Hremicystirzs, I would suggest for a provisio:.al term the name of CYSTASTER.

(5

Plate

sD

CC rs Tenis

I faa
ios
1
ek!
1
Heth!

=
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1

fe Sis: x}

“if
Mi Si Ne

PLATE VI—(Continued).

A GELACRINUS (LEPIDODISCUS) CINCINNATIENSIS Roem.
Page 214.

Fig. 7. A figure of a specimen from Cincinnati, Ohio, showing the characters of
the species. (Enlarged to two and one-half diameters.)

AGELACRINUS (LEPIDODISCUS) PILEUS Hall, 1866.
Page 214.

Fig. 8. Figure of a specimen showing the rays, the oral plates and ovarian pyra-
mid. Along the depression, at the summit of three of the rays, may be
seen the minute pores passing between the plates. Many of the plates
in the interambulacral areas have a rounded node near the center.

Fig. 9. A summit view of a larger individual of the same species. Collection of
Mr. C. B. Dyer.

_ Fig. 10. View of one of the interambulacral areas, probably the posterior one,
| limited by two of the rays, and showing a part of the mouth at the
| summit, and the extremities of two other rays at the sides. The speci-
b men has been crushed so as to conceal the other parts of the body.

| Fig. 8 is enlarged to four diameters, and the others to three diameters each.

| AGELACRINUS | STREPTASTER| VORTICELLATUS Hall, 1866.

| ! Page 215.

Fig. 11. A summit view of a partially crushed specimen, the five curving rays and
a portion of the imbricating plates of the body (24 diameters).

Fig. 12. A portion of the body of this species, still farther enlarged, to show the
arrangement of the plates of the margin.

Fig. 13. A specimen, preserving the plates of the rays only. The other portions
of the body have been removed by weathering. (Enlarged to two diame-
ters.) Collection of Mr. C. B. Dyer.

SS a a ee ne

AGELACRINUS HAMILTONENSIS.
Agelacrinites Hamiltonensis Vanuxem. Geological Report, Third District, New York.

Fig. 14. A view of the original specimen of this species (enlarged to two diameters)
showing the arrangement of the plates, rays, etc.

Fig. 15. A portion of the border, still farther enlarged, to show the arrangement
of the marginal plates.

CYCLOCYSTOIDES SALTERI Hall, 1866.
Page 218.
Fig. 16. Surface of specimen described (enlarged to three diameters).

PLATE IT:

LICHENOCRINUS DyYERI Hall, 1866.
Page 216.
Fig. 1. A specimen of natural size, preserving a portion of the eoluiee to the length
of four inches.
Fig. 2. A body with a portion of the column attached, enlarged to three diameters.
Fig. 3. Summit of specimen, as it lies attached to the surface of a shell, enlarged
| to four diameters.
Fig. 4. Enlarged view of a specimen attached to the shell of Orthis testudinaria,

the marginal portion showing the interior strie, probably from the action ~

of weathering.
Fig. 5. The interior of the erence body, as exposed from the weathering and
removal of the exterior plates, a few of which remain on the lower left
hand margin of the figure; enlarged to three diameters.
Fig. 6. The lower or attached surface, drawn from a detached specimen, enlarged
to three diameters. __

LICHENOCRINUS CRATERIFORMIS flail, 1866.
Puge 21%.

Fig. 7. The exposed side of an attached specimen, enlarged to three diameters. It
is probable that the larger size of plates and other features of distinction
notived, may be only of varietal importance.

PHOLIDOPS TRENTONENSIS Hall, 1866.
Page 221.

Fig. 8. Exterior of the valves, showing the form and lines of growth. The speci-
men is somewhat crushed. Enlarged to four diameters.

PHOLIDOPS SUBTRUNCATUS Hall, 18477.
Page 221.

Fig. 9. Exterior view of specimen, enlarged to four diameters.

PHOLIDOPS CINCINNATENSIS Nn. Sp.

Fig. 10. A minute oval-ovate shell, differing from the P. swbdtrwncatus in being regu-
larly curved in front. It corresponds very nearly in form with the P.
squamiformis of the Niagara group of New York. Enlarged to four
diameters.

CRANIA TRENTONENSIS Hail, 1866.
Page 219.

Figs. 11,12. Upper side and profile view of a dorsal valve, showing the general _

form and characters of the species, natural size.

CRANIA SETIGERA Fall, 1866.
Page 220.

Figs. 13, 14. Upper and profile views of a dorsal valve, the specimen enlarged two
diameters. |

APS SINGWOUN Se ECL. RIC. IRWIN PSS o

‘State Mus Nat Hist. 24 Plate 7.

RP Whitfield del. Ph Ast. ith.

Ce ae

Fig. 15.

Fig.

Fig. 17.

Fig.

16.

18.

PLATE Vil.—(Continued).
CRANIA SCABIOSA Hall, 1866.
Page 220.

Profile view of a specimen of Orthis biforatus, partially covered with shells
of this species. ;

CRANIA L_ZLIA Hall, 1866.
Page 220. | »

Ventral view of a specimen of Streptorhynchus planumbona, showing four
individuals of this species attached to its surface.

LEPTOBOLUS INSIGNIS Hall, 1871.
Page 227.

Exterior view of specimens of the species, enlarged to six diameters.

LEPTOBOLUS OCCIDENTALIS Hall, 1871.
Page 227.

Exterior of a specimen of this species, enlarged to six diameters.

LEPTOBOLUS LEPIS Hall, 1871.
Page 226.

Figs. 19, 20. Interiors of a ventral and dorsal valve, enlarged. .

Fig.

me Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

21.

23.

20.

26.

27.

28.

OrTHIS (?) ELLA Hall.
Thirteenth Report N. Y. State Cabinet Nat. Hist., page 121.

Dorsal view of specimen, more finely plicated than ordinarily; enlarged.

TREMATIS MILLEPUNCTATA fiall, 1866.
Page 221.
Dorsal view, preserving a portion of the punctate covering of the shell.
Ventral view of the same individuals, showing the terminal slit, the beak
and depressed area of the dorsal valve.
Profile view of the same specimen.
A partial cast of the interior of the dorsal valve of the same species (?)
showing muscular impressions. The figures representing this species
are enlarged.

TELLINOMYA PECTUNCULOIDES flall, 1871.
Page 228. -

View of the interior of the left valve, enlarged to two diameters.

TELLINOMYA LEVATA Hall.
Nucula levata, Pal. N. Y. vol. I, p. 150.

Interior of right valve, showing hinge-structure, etc., enlarged to three
diameters. Collection of Mr. Dyer.

LYRODESMA CINCINNATENSIS Hall, 1871.
Page 227.

4
Interior of a right valve, showing the hinge structure ; enlarged.

PLALIC VIEL
CYCLONEMA VARICOSA* Hail, 1871.
Fig. 1. A young individual, from Cincinnati, Ohio. Collection of Mr. Dyer.
Fig. 2. View of aspecimen showing the aperture; one of the specimens originally
described. From Tennessee.
Fig. 3. An outline figure of the aperture of Cyclonema bilix, for comparison with
the preceding figures. Collection of Mr. Dyer.

FUSISPIRA TEREBRIFORMIS fall, 1871.
Page 230.

Fig. 4. View of a specimen of this species.

FUSISPIRA ELONGATA Hall, 1871.
Page 229.

Fig. 5. View of the specimen described.

FUSISPIRA VENTRICOSA Hall, 1871.
Page 229.

Fig. 6. View of the specimen described.

Cyrvouires Dryer Hall, 1871.
Page 230.

Fig. 7. Lateral view of the specimen, enlarged to two diameters.
Fig. 8. Dorsal view of the same, showing the form of the aperture.

BE&YRICHIA OCULIFER Hall, 1871.
Page 232,

Fig. 9. Lateral view of a left valve, showing the oculiform tubercle.
Fig. 10. Profile view of the same, showing the elevation of the eye; enlarged.

BEYRICHIA TUMIFRONS Hall, 1871.
Page 231.

Fig. 11. Lateral view of a left valve, enlarged.

LEPERDITIA ([SOCHILINA) CYLINDRICA Hall, 1871.
Page 231.
Fig. 12. A right valve, enlarged.

LEPERDITIA ([SOCHILINA) MINUTISSIMA. Hall, 1871.
Page 231.

Fig. 13. View of a left valve showing the nearly central tubercle.

PROETUS PARVIUSCULUS Hall, 1866. »
Page 223.

Fig. 14. View of an entire individual, enlarged to four diameters.

DALMANIA BREVICEPS Hall, 1866.
Page 223.
Fig. 15. View of the upper side of the specimen described.
Fig. 16. Profile view in outline.

* Fourteenth Report on the State Cabinet of Natural History, p. 91,1861. Published under the
name of (. ventricosa, by mistake. |

TRIS INOONY S& TET

State Mus.Nat Hist. 24: Plate 8.

enemas

ene

> xa

y-Fi PTI. ANNUAL Report. Bae

tate Fuseun of Satur Aste Ae Be
THE REGENTS ‘OF THE UNIVERSITY Bec oe

3 OF WHE | | ae i x = Soe

Port th On NEW -Y ORB sib

ex [Ex-Orricio TRUSTEES OF THE MUSEUM.] mice} be : a Pi

TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE APRIL 18, ¥OI2,

e

oe e ee ALBANY : 18
| THE ARGUS COMPANY, PRINTERS.

Twenty-Hirra ANNUAL REpPorRT

ON THE

Hex fork Stat flaseun of Yatra Pjstor,

BY

THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY .

OF THE

oe ew On NEW Y OR K.:

{[Ex-OFrricio TRUSTEES OF THE MUSEUM. |]
TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE APRIL 18, 1872.

ALBANY:
THE ARGUS COMPANY, PRINTERS.
1873.

STATE OF NEW YORK.

No. 83.

IN SENATE,

April 18, 1872,

TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT

ON THE

SLATE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, BY THE
REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF
NEW YORK.

UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK:

OFFICE OF THE REGENTS, ) ,

Axupany, April 18, 1872. j

To the Hon. ALLEN C. Bracu,
President of the Senate:

Srr.—I have the honor to transmit the Twenty-fifth Annual
Report of the Regents of the University on the State Museum of
Natural History.

I remain, very respectfully,

Your obedient servant,

EK. C. BENEDICT,
Chancellor of the University, pro tem.

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REGHNTS OF THE UNIVERSITY.

[£x-oficio Trustees of the State Museum of Natural History.]

Ee 9. PRUYN (LL: D. Cuasoncar

(Vacaney), Vice-CHANCELLOR.

EX-OFFICIIS.
JOHN T. HOFFMAN, LL. D., GovERNoR
ALLEN C.. BEACH, LIizuTENANT-GOVERNOR.
G. HILTON SCRIBNER, SECRETARY oF STATE.
ABRAM B. WEAVER, Supt. or Pusuiic INSTRUCTION.

PROSPER M. WETMORE. GEORGE R. PERKINS, LL. D.
ROBERT G. RANKIN. | ALEXANDER 8. JOHNSON, LL. D.
ERASTUS C. BENEDICT, LL. D. GEORGE W. CURTIS, LL. D.
GEORGE W. CLINTON, LL. D. WILLIAM H. GOODWIN, D. D., LL. D.
LORENZO BURROWS. JOHN A. GRISWOLD.
ROBERT 8. HALE, LL. D. FRANCIS KERNAN, LL. D.

. ELIAS W. LEAVENWORTH. OSWALD OTTENDORFER.

J. CARSON BREVOORT. JOHN L. LEWIS.
HORATIO G. WARNER, LL. D.
SAMUEL B. WOOLWORTH, LL. D., SEcrETARY.
DANIEL J. PRATT, Assistant SECRETARY.

STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE REGENTS, SPECIALLY CHARGED WITH
F THE CARE OF THE STATE MUSEUM.

1872.
THE GOVERNOR. MR. HALE.
MR. CORNING.* MR. BREVOORT.
MR. CLINTON. MR. JOHNSON.

THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.

DIRECTOR OF THE STATE MUSEUM.
JAMES HALL, LL. D.

ASSISTANTS IN THE MUSEUM.
R. P. WHITFIELD, In GEoLogy AND PALZONTOLOGY. /
J. A. LINTNER, mn ZooLoey.
CHARLES H. PECK, in Borany.

* Deceased April 8, 1872.

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HEPORT.

To the Honorable the Legislature of the State of New York:

The Regents of the University herewith submit the Report of
the Director of the State Museum of Natural History, which con-
tains a full exhibit of the condition and progress of the museum
during the year 1871, and also the report of the Botanist on his
department. These officers have worked with zeal and success,’
and, as the result of their labors, the museum is constantly
becoming a more perfect representation of the Natural History of
the State.

Respectfully submitted.
E. C. BENEDICT,

‘Chaneellor of the University, pro tem.

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REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM,

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7

CONN TE TN TS,

PAGE
RED Ree URE EVIVECUONS 525042 sata hin: sicjace niaieia nieve avid slas.sieee 9 < EA ER aN 5
Additions to the Museum during the year 1871 ............00. ceieecens once 15
Schedule of Contents, etc,, of the Gebhard Collection............... < Saeeigh 27
‘List of Long Island Mollusca, presented to the State Museum. ./2.¢.02+-.-+-- 35
Catalogue of European Shells, presented to the State Museum by the Smithso-
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REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR.

To the Honorable the Board of Regents of the University of the
State of New York:

GENTLEMEN :

I have the honor to submit the following report upon the condition
of the collections in the several departments of the State Museum of
Natural History, with a general statement of the work done in each

‘department during the past year:

The collections constituting the State Museum are all in good
condition, and, so far as there are cases for their accommodation, are
properly arranged. In this respect, however, we are not so far
advanced as I had anticipated at the beginning of the year. For a
complete and systematic arrangement of the materials which we
possess, and for those which are constantly accumulating, we need
additional cases. For carrying ont this object, I communicated,
with your approval, a memorial to the Commissioners of the Land
Office, soon after the last annual meeting of the Regents.

This memorial was accepted by these officers, and the recommen-
dation made, but from some cause the order for constructing the
cases was not given in time to make them available for use, as I had
hoped, previous to the report of this year.

In consequence of this delay, the intended rearrangement of the
geological collection occupying the wall cases has not yet been made.

The entire rearrangement of the mineralogical collection, and the
contemplated arrangement of a special collection of iron ores, for

which we have a large amount of material, cannot be — until the

new cases are completed.

Other collections in all the departments remain unarranged, for
want of proper cases, now in progress of ge in which to
display them.

I believe, however, that I may contidently anticipate that the
cases heretofore proposed, and which are intended for the extension
of every one of the departments of the Museum, will be completed,

6 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

and the collections arranged in them, a Shaeagie the present and oman
year.

A list of the additions in each one of the departments will be found
appended to this report.

Donations TO THE MUSEUM.

In the Zoélogical Department we have received contributions from
thirteen individuals, and among these, the very important one, from
Mr. Temple Prime, of a suite of the type specimens of the Mollusea
of Long Island, a list of which is herewith communicated.

Two skins of Elk, donated by Prof. H. A. Ward, of Rochester,
are an interesting acquisition to the Museum, giving us specimens of
one of the larger mammals native to the State, but long since extinct
within its borders. These skins are already mounted, and will be
placed in their proper position in the Museum during the present
month.

In the Botanical Department we have donations from seventeen
contributors, and collections by exchange from others. “

To the Geological and Mineralogical collections, we have diets
tions from twenty-one contributors.

In the department of Archeology and Ethnology, we have dona-
tions from five persons.

To the Library, we have donations from individuals and societies
to the number of nine, giving an addition of fifty-three volumes and
pamphlets.*

The appended lists, under the head of additions to the State
Museum, and pages following, contain full information in regard to
each of the above.

PurcuasE oF CoLLEcTIONS.
Additions to the Zodlogical Collection by purchase.

The series of Skeletons of New York Mammals, Birds, Reptiles
and Fishes, prepared under the direction of Prof. H. A. Ward, of
Rochester, was referred to in my last report, and a list of the species
communieated at that time. These have in part been temporarily
arranged in two cases in the library room of the Museum, and the
remainder left stored in the basement of the building until perma-
nent provision can be made for their exhibition.

*In connection with this subject, and in consideration of the few returns received for the large
number of our Annual Reports distributed, I have made a separate communication to the Regents.

*

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. y

Another series of twenty-seven Skeletons of New York Vertebrata,
alist of which will be found among the additions to the Museum,
has lately been received from Prof. Ward. These will prove a very
valuable accession to this department of the Museum.

I am further advised by Prof. Ward, that he has in preparation
Skeletons of Elk and Buffalo, which will be added to the Museum
during the year.

I would most earnestly urge upon the Regents the importance of
the continuation of the small annual appropriation for the object of
completing the collection of Skeletons, now so fairly begun. Those
already obtained will soon constitute an attractive and very instruc-
tive series. ‘

Additions to the Geological and Paleontological Collections by
purchase.

From Prof. James Orton, 1,200 fossil shells from the Tertiary
beds of the Upper Amazon.

A collection of 151 specimens of fossil plants, principally Ferns,
occurring in concretions in the coal measures of Morris, Illinois.

The Gebhard Collection.—The Legislature, by an appropriation of
$3,500, chapter 715 of the Laws of 1871, directed the purchase of the |
entire collection of John Gebhard, Jr., of Schoharie, upon the condi-
tion that a committee of three persons named, should certify to its
value and importance for the State Museum.

An examination was made according to this requirement, and a
certificate, with a general schedule of the nature and contents of the
collection, was furnished to the Comptroller, who then authorized
the purchase. The collection was delivered at the State Museum on ~
the 4th day of December last.

. This collection embraces large numbers of fossils from the forma-
tions in the neighborhood of Schoharie, many of which are desirable
for the State Museum, and the remainder may be used in exchange,
or for supplying such institutions of learning as the. Regents may
direct. For further information, I append a copy of the schedule
communicated to the Comptroller, with a memorandum of the boxes
and packages delivered at the Museum. |

I reported last year the purchase of a collection of fossils and
minerals from Col. E. Jewett, and a collection of valuable minerals,
mostly crystals, formerly a part of the cabinet of the late Dr. E.
Emmons. These collections were acquired by money advanced by

8 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Hon. Erastus Corning, in the expectation that the Legislature would
refund the same by an appropriation at the session of 1871. For
some reason this was not done, and it becomes necessary to make
another application to the Legislature for that object.

CoLLECTIONS MADE BY THE ASSISTANTS OF THE MuseEvm.

The collections made in the Botanical Department are extensive
and valuable. Mr. Peck will make a special report upon these, and
I need not enumerate them in this place.

The collections in Geology and Paleontology have been quite.
extensive during the year.

Mr. Andrew Sherwood, who has been engaged under my direction
in tracing the limits of the Catskill group, and in collecting fossils
from those rocks and from the Chemung group, has sent in seven
boxes, principally of fossils, with some rock specimens.

Mr. Herbert H. Smith, employed as a collector, has sent in twenty
boxes of fossils from the Hamilton group, collected along the shores
of Cayuga Lake. 3

Mr. Geo. B. Simpson has been temporarily employed as field
assistant, and has made extensive collections in the Hamilton group
at Earlville, in Madison county, and at Pratt’s Falls, Pompey Hill
and Delphi, in Onondaga county. More especial attention has been
given to collecting the Lamellibranchiate shells which occur in these
localities.

Freitp INVESTIGATIONS.

I have heretofore communicated the results of some field investi-
gations in the southern part of the State, having for their object the
better determination of the limits of certain formations in that region.

These observations have been made by myself in the intervals of
other work, or by persons temporarily employed by me; from the
limited time devoted to the examination, it has been impossible to
present the results in such a form as I could wish.

The extent and even the existence of the Catskill red sandstone
within the limits of the State, is a subject which has heretofore been
discussed and questioned on very meager observations ; and to reassert
what had before been stated by the New York geologists, was adding
nothing to our knowledge on the subject. As I have before stated,
we found red rocks within the limits of the Chemung, and even as
low as what appears to be the horizon of the Portage group; but

eae EE ... e O 0

ee

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 9

these beds are not persistent. The difficult problem was to find the
means of tracing a line or limit between the Chemung and Catskill
formations, which could be recognized either by lithological or by
paleontological characters.

With a view to a continued and connected series of observations
upon these rocks, I engaged the services of Mr. Andrew Sherwood,
of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, who had already considerable knowledge
of these formations, to trace the outcrop and limits of the Catskill
group.

Mr. Sherwood has devoted the entire season to this work, and to
the collecting of fossils, and has made very satisfactory progress
towards a solution of some of the difficulties which have heretofore
encompassed the subject. It has been more clearly shown that the
red rocks, alternating with the higher part of the Chemung group,
do assume the character of the Catskill group; and although the
latter is a very distinct and well marked formation, its limits may
not always be readily recognized on the borders of the underlying
formation.

In many localities there will likewise be some difficulty in defining
the upper limits of the Catskill group, at its junction with the sand-
stones of the formation known in the geology of Pennsylvania as the
Vespertine formation, or No. X of the geological survey of that
State.

An example of the obstacles to be met with in tracing the limits
of these formations may be mentioned in the fact, that soon after
beginning the field work, Mr. Sherwood discovered a thin band of
gray sandstone, charged with well known Chemung fossils in the
midst of the red sandstone, and 150 feet above a line which had been
heretofore considered as the established base of the Catskill forma-
tion. This band, only a foot in thickness where discovered, is not
likely to be continuous with the great mass, and we are elsewhere
left without evidence to guide in conclusions upon the limits of the
group.

In another instance a mass of red beds, 100 feet in thickness, were
found within the limits of the Chemung group proper. -

These facts prove that the conditions which finally prevailed,
giving origin to the great mass of red and gray rocks of the Catskill
formation, began at a much earlier period, but were intermitting in
their action and local in their effects for a considerable period.

I believe we shall soon be able to define, with as much accuracy

2

10 Twenry-rirty REPOR1 on THE STATE Museum.

as is practicable without the aid of better maps, the limits of the
Catskill group. My own observations lead me to believe that this
formation, so widely expanded in Pennsylvania, will be found to
enter the eastern part of the State of New Yerk in the form of
three low synclinals, the largest one of these forming the Catskill
mountain proper, with the lower and narrower ones lying to the
westward, constituting a portion of the same range. This position of
the formation is the one indicated by me in the Introduction to Vol.
III, Paleontology of New York. The eroded anticlinals which
expose the Chemung group, have been those parts of the country
usually examined in the Catskill mountain region; and with this
structure understood, it is easy to see how an observer may travel
upon the Chemung rocks from the northern part of Delaware county
to the southern line of the State, or even for considerable distance
into Pennsylvania, without becoming aware of the existence of the
higher formation.

I hope by the end of another year to be able to communicate, in
a more definite form, our knowledge of the limite of the geological
formations in the south-eastern counties of the State.

The collections of Mr. Herbert H. Smith have been made both for
the object of ‘adding to our Lamellibranchiata from the Hamilton
group, and for tracing the range of species in a vertical and horizon-
tal direction.

There is also another object to be finally attained by such collec-
tions, which I may indicate in this place.

The greater part of these fossils, during their existence, were
essentially littoral in their habits, but in this respect certain genera
and species vary in their conditions of life. We find some beds
or zones of strata charged with great numbers of a few species,
while a succeeding bed, consisting of harder or softer material, may
be filled with species and genera for the most part quite distinct
from those below or above. Another fact is also to be noticed.
With certain of these lamellibranchiate forms there are Brachiopods,
while with others there are none, or rarely a few individuals. More-
over, as we go westward, we find the Lamellibranchiata disappear-
ing, and the Brachiopoda largely prevailing; while the strata, before
consisting of alternating beds of hard and soft material, have become
more homogeneous, and consist mainly of soft, caleareous shales.

Now, these alternations of hard and soft beds, or beds of coarse
and tine materials, indicate more than the simple term expresses.

= ee Oe

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REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. cE

‘We have seen, from the remains of a Paleozoic forest discovered last

year near Gilboa, that during the period of the Hamilton and
Chemung groups, the land was encroaching upon the sea; not simply
by extending itself seaward in accumulations, but also by the process
of alternate elevation and subsidence. The remains of the forest of
Psaronius had been again submerged and covered by beds bearing
marine forms.

During this period, while one portion of the coast became elevated
above the water-line, the adjacent ocean-bed or littoral area was also
extended ; because the submarine portion likewise participated in the
movement. As the elevation went on, the portion occupied by
littoral species became essentially dry land, and the area of littoral
species was pushed farther seaward; the deposits from the nearer
shore, which were of coarser texture, covered the finer mud with its
living forms and supported a new fauna.

In this manner a fauna, at one time inhabiting a belt in proximity
to tlie shore line, may, by the gradual elevation of the coast, slowly
extend seaward, accompanied all the time by the same kind of sedi-
ments and similar physical conditions; thus encroaching upon the
area of and gradually covering the deeper sea forms of animal life.

The reverse of this movement will take place when the coast line
subsides ; for the source of sediments becoming farther removed, the
water deepening, and the finer muds coming in, make the conditions
unfavorable for littoral species; while those of the deeper sea-bed
invade the area temporarily occupied by the littoral forms, and
follow shoreward the slowly subsiding land. In this way occur the
alternating beds of coarser and finer sediments, charged with the
faunal remains which, when living, were adapted to the conditions
existing during the deposition.

By the careful collection and study of the fossils which occupy
the successive beds of different sediments, we may be able to attain
at least some proximate knowledge of the successive periods of eleva-
tion and subsidence of the coast line, during a given geological
period. It seems to me, moreover, that by such critical study and
by noting the nature and thickness of each of these distinct beds, we
may be able to indicate the longer or shorter continuance of the
periods of elevation or subsidence, of which we trace the final result
in the permanent extension of the land.

To accomplish such determination as shall be of any value, requires
a long series of observations and collections, to be both carefully

12 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

compared and studied; and the fossils must be studied also in con-.
nection with the nature of the sediments containing them. |

I have here merely indicated the manner.in which we may arrive
at these results, for without doubt the principle here enunciated
is the fundamental one in producing these alternations of beds, with
the accompanying and consequent alternation of faunse in the sedi-
mentary formations.

While giving especial attention to the south-eastern part of the
State, I have collected some facts: relative to the geological forma-
tions containing the iron ores of St. Lawrence and Jefferson coun-
ties, which go to confirm the views originally expressed by Mr.
Vanuxem, that their geological age is more recent than the Lauren-
tian of the Adirdndacks.

GENERAL Work or THE Museum. 4

The changes contemplated’ in the arrangement of the. collections
have not been carried out for want of cases, as already indicated.

In the Botanical Department, Mr. Peck’s special report will indi-
cate the work done, without the necessity. of-repetition in this place.

In the Zoélogical Department, the collection of Skeletons already
referred to have been partially arranged, and as far as our present
means will permit.

The labeling of the Gould ollectian of Shells has been under-
taken and nearly completed by Mr..Lintner. The labels accompany-
ing the species have been copied and the localities added when this
could be done by reference to original catalogues, with lists of species.
These labels have been attached to tablets accompanying each tray,
where they can be readily seen, while the specimens are arranged in
such positions as to give opportunity of making comparison and study
of the species. The collection requires a thorough revision to bring
it up to the requirements of the present condition of the science. _

The collections of Tertiary shells, purchased of Prof» Orton, have
been arranged in their proper relation with the Tertiary fossils on
the second floor of the Museum. 7

Mr. Whitfield has been occupied for a portion of the time in label-
ing collections already in the Museum, and for a large part of the
year in cleaning and preparing fossils which are to be placed in the
Museum, and in other work incident to or in connection with distri-
bution, of which I may mention the following:

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 13

The collections of the Fairfield Academy were received at the
Museum, to be labeled and returned. By the suggestion of the
principal, Prof. Brownell, the duplicates, some forty or fifty speci-
mens mostly of calciferous sandstone, were retained for distribution -
to other academies. The collection was labeled and _ returned,
together with the addition of sixty species of fossils from the
duplicate collections of the Museum.

A collection of seventy species of fossils was sent to the Lowville
Academy at the request of Dr. F. B. Hough, one of the trustees of
that institution.

A collection almost. entirely of minerals, consisting of more than
1,000 specimens, received from the Rome High School, has been
labeled, repacked, and is ready for returning.

Numerous small collections have been labeled for individuals
seeking information of minerals and fossils.

The measurement and drawing of plans and-preparation of specifi-
cations for new cases have consumed considerable time of Mr. Whit-
field and myself.

During the year more than one hundred applications for informa-
tion regarding fossils and minerals have been made at the Museum.
Many of these are answered verbally, others by a simple letter, while
afew have required more time and more detailed explanation. I
am sorry to say that not a few of these supposed valuable minerals
have proved to be of yellow or brown mica and iron pyrites.

I am, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,

JAMES HALL.
Arpany, January 10, 1872. .

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ADDITIONS TO THE STATE MUSEUM DURING THE
YEAR 1871.

®

L TO THE ZOOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT. |
I. By Donation. |

From Snion J. Scurmernory, Schenectady, N. Y.
A Great Horned Owl (Bubo Virginianus Bonap).

From Witii1am Scooonmaker, Cedar Hill, N. Y.

A Buff-breasted Shelldrake (Alergus merganser).
An albino Barn Swallow (Hirundo horreorum Barton).

From R. Baruypr, Albany, N. Y.

A specimen of Gallinula galeata Bon., shot in Clarksville, Albany
county, N. Y.

From James H. Livacre, Albany, N. Y.

A blue-spotted Salamander (Plethodon glutinosus Toch.), taken on
the sidewalk in Albany.

From J. J. Acker, Albany, N. Y.

Two specimens of Banded Proteus (Menobranchus lateralis), from
the Hudson river at Troy.

From Frrprrick McCtoy, Albany, N. Y.
Skull of a Rat (Mus decwmanus Pallas).

From Col. Ricnarp J. Doper, Fort Lyon, Colorado.
Skins of two Antelopes (Antzlocapra Americana), and three skulls.

From Tremprie Prime, New York.
A suite of type specimens of the Mollusca of Long Island, N. Y.,
as per list of Sanderson Smith and Temple Prime, given in the
Annals of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist. of N. Y., vol. ix, 1870.

EO ee

“16 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

From Wm. C. Battry, M. D,, Chatham, N. Y.

Shells from near Foocho, China, of three species, viz.: Cytherea
lusoria, Tapes Indica Nel Cyrena fluviatilis.

From H. W. Lozsprtzt, Brownstown, Wayne Co., Mich.

Specimens, in alcohol, of the “ Colorado Potato Bug” (Doryphora
decem lineata Say sp.), collected at Brownstown.

Ffom Rev. J. L. Zasrisxiz, New Baltimore, N. Y.

Gordius varius Leidy, § (eight inches long, of a yellow-brown color),
from New Baltimore.

From Micuart A. Wantz, New Scotland, N. Y.

A Hen’s Eoo, weighing 42 ounces,.and measuring in its circumfer-.
p>? A. b)

ences 7 and 84 inches.

From Prof. Henry A. Warp, Rochester, N. Y.
Two Skins of Elk (Cervus Canadensis).

II, By Purchase.
Twenty-seven mounted Skeletons of New York Vertebrata, pre-
pared under the direction of Prof. lee A. Ward, Rochester, N. Y.,
as follows:

MAMMALIA.
Vulpes fuluus Rich. (Red Fox), ¢. Byron, N. Y.
Hrethizon dorsatus Cuv. (White-haired Porcupine). North. N.Y.
Didelphys Virginianus Shaw. (Opossum), ¢ and 9. West. N.Y.
Liber Zibethicus Cuv. (Musk Rat), ¢. Genesee river, Rochester.

Seiurus Carolinensis Gm. (Gray Squirrel), ¢. Wyoming, N. Y.

S. Carolinensis var. niger Say. (Black Squirrel). Wyoming, N. Y.
Sciurus Hudsonius. (Red Squirrel), ¢. Western N. Y.

AVES.

Bubo Virginianus Bonap. (Great Horned Owl). Webster, N. Y.
Tringa rufescens Viel. (Buff-breasted Sandpiper). Long Island.
Philohela minor Gray. (American Woodcock). Monroe Co., N. Y.
Corvus Americanus Aud. (Common Crow). Rochester, N. Y.
Rhyncops nigra Linn. (Black Skimmer). Long Island, N. Y.
Alcedo Alcyon Linn. (Belted Kingfisher). Genesee river, N. Y.

ADDITIONS TO THE Musrvum. 17

Piscks.

Centropristes nigricans Cuv. et Val. (Black Sea Bass). L. I. Sound.
Amia occidentalis De Kay. (Western Mud Fish), Lake Ontario.
Elacate Atlantica Ouy. et Val. (Northern Crab-Kater). N.Y. Bay.
Lepidosteus Huronensis Rich. (Gar Pike). Irondequoit Bay.
Accipenser vubicundus Lesu. (Lake Sturgeon). Irondequoit Bay.
Morrhua vulgaris Cuv. (Codfish). Atlantic Ocean.

Lota maculosa Kirt. (Spotted Burbot). Lake Ontario, Monroe Co-

ReEprtibia.

Chelonia Midas Schw. (Green Turtle), ¢. Atlantic Ocean.
Chelydra serpentina Schw. (Snapping Turtle), ¢. Lake Ontario.
Graptemys geographica Ag. (Geographic Terrapin), ¢. Sodus
Bay, N.Y. |
rotalus durissus Linn. (Northern Rattlesnake). Rochester, N. Y.
Menobranchus lateralis. (Banded Proteus). Genesee river, N. Y.
Rana mugiens Dum.et Bibb. (Bull Frog). Irondequoit Bay, N. Y.

Il. TO THE BOTANICAL DEPARTMENT.
cms Sth Donation.
From Miss 8. P. Monxs, Cold Spring, N. Y.

Specimens of Asplenium Rutamuraria L.

From Miss E. Battery, Albany, N. Y.

Specimens of Utricularia vulgaris L.

From Miss M. L. Wirson, Buffalo, N. Y.

Eight species of Lichens, of which two are new to the State.

From E. L. Hanrenson, Newark, N. Y.

Specimens of Cherophyllum procumbens Lam. and of Carex Carey-
ana Dew. °

From 8S. N. Cowzzs, Otisco, N. Y.

Specimens of Carex capillaris var. elongata Olney, and Botrychium
simplex Hitch.

From R. P. Warrrrerp, Albany, N. Y.
_ Specimens of Lactarius Indigo Schw.

3

18 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

From J. A. Lintner, Albany, N. Y.

Specimens of Peridermium Cerebrum Pk.

From Munson Percx, Sandlake, N. Y.

Specimens of Clavaria rufescens Scheeff.

From Rev. J. L. Zaprisxiz, New Baltimore, N. Y.
Five species of Fungi, two of which are new to the State.

From Verprianck Corvin, Albany, N. Y.
Six species of Flowering Plants.

From E. C. Howr, M. D., New Baltimore, N. Y.

Fifteen species of Plants, six of which are new to the State.

From W. R. Gerarp, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Fifteen species of Fungi, six of which are new to the State.

From Hon. G. W. Crivron, Buffalo, N. Y.

- Nineteen species of Plants, eight of which are new to the State.

From Henry Gititman, Detroit, Mich.

Specimens of Zamna trisulca L., and L. polyrrhiza L.

From C. F. Austin, Closter, N. J.
Ten species of Plants, two of which are new to the State.

From L’UntversirE Royatze pE Nowecs, a Christiana.

Specimens of twenty-two species of Lichens.

From Orvitie Hopes, Argusville, N. Y..

A section from a Hemlock Tree, showing the method and progress —
of the filling up, during twenty-five years of growth, of a cutting —
in the tree, five inches across. |

II. By Exchange.
From E. 8. Mittrer, Wading River, N. J.

Five species of Flowering Plants, new to the State.

From §S. T. Otney, Providence, R. I.

Thirty-six species of Carices, some of them rare and interesting.

ApDDbDITIONS To THE Musevn. 19

III. By Collection.
By the Boranisr.

Two hundred and twenty-three species of Plants new to the State.
Il. TO THE GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAI,
DEPARTMENT.
I, By Donation.

From H. Tupor Browne tt.
Caleareous Spar with copper pyrites: Sheffield, Mass.

From Lewis Dreyer, Albany, N. Y.

A three-quarter inch cube of iron pyrites.

From D. M. Woopwarp, North Troy, N. Y.
Foliated Tale, from North Troy, N. Y.

From Col. Ricuarp J. Dover, Fort Lyon, Colorado.
Petrified Wood and Vesicular Lava from the Rocky Mountains.

From 8. W. Crarx, Willsborough, N. Y.

_A dressed block of Trenton Limestone (9 x 9x13), from quarries

furnishing the foundation stone for the New Capitol: Wills-
borough, Essex county, N. Y. (No. 96.) Received in 1870.

From Orson Ricuarps and D. Lyncu, Minerva, N. Y.

A polished Shaft of Serpentine Marble, two feet in height, 74 inches
square at base, and 6 inches square at apex: Minerva, Essex
county, N. Y. (No. 116.)

From Stanton Capy, Albany, N. Y.

A block (No. 118) of Red Granite: Sing Sing, N. Y.

From Joun M. Scrrsyer, Middleburgh, N. Y.

A block (No. 119) of fine-grained Sandstone (20 x 10 x oY from flag-
stone quarry, near Middleburgh.

From D, PARMETER.

_ A block (No. 120) of Potsdam Sandstone (16 x 12 x 12 inches), with

:
'

four sides dressed, and two showing rock fracture.

20 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

From Hon. A. R. Erwoon, Warren, N. Y.
Iron pyrites, of pees crystalline form: Warren, Herkimer county,
New York. :
From R. K. Smirx, Gouverneur, N. Y.

Carbonate of Magnesia, etc., from a large deposit of the same, and
clay, supposed by the donor to be fuller’s earth: Gouverneur, N. Y.

From H. Vurper, Plattsburgh, N. Y.

Two specimens of Iron Ore, from the Hussey and Howe Iron Mine |
at Ferrona, Clinton county, N. Y., formerly known as the “ Arnold
Ore Bed.” |

From Prrer C. Brower, Albany, N. Y.

Nodules of iron pyrites from Shark river, N. J.

From H. T. Hickox, Amsterdam, N. Y.

Specimens of Utica Slate containing Graptolites and some minute |
Brachiopods: Amsterdam, N. Y.

From E. H. Peasr, Albany, N. Y.
Vesicular lava, reported as found in Schoharie, N. Y., but probably |
from the Rocky Mountains. . |

From Morven M. Jonzs, Albany, N. Y. |
Hematitic Iron Ore, from the farm of Hon. U. H. Stoddard, Alford,
Berkshire county, Mass. |

From F, A. Urrrr, Whitesboro, Oneida county, N. Y. |
Salt from the shores of Salt Lake, Utah.

From 8S. B. Wootwortn, LL. D., Albany.

A block of Granite, about 6x 6x5 inches, dressed on three faces; |
from Concord, N. H. |
Specimens of ore yielding gold $100, silver $50 per ton, and copper 10 |

~~ per cent; ore yielding silver $300 per ton: Georgetown, Colorado. |

From Hrnry A. Homes, N. Y. State Library. |

Cannel coal from Ohio.

|
;
|

|
|

ADDITIONS 10 THE MUSEUM. a1

From Prof. W. C. Crevetanp, Ithaca, N. Y.

Orthis impressa Hall, from beds at Ithaca, 350 feet above the town,
on East Hill.

Specimens of Orthis, Atrypa and Lingula, from the Chemung Group
at Ithaca.

From Hon. A. 8. Jounson, Utica, N. Y.

Two specimens of Utica Slate, containing Trilobites, and one specimen
showing the outer chamber of an Orthoceras.

From Gerorce Ror, Minersville, Essex county, N. Y.

Magnetic oxyde of Iron in octahedral crystals, imbedded in Feldspar.

From Henry A. Ritny, of Montrose, Penn.

Twenty-six specimens of fossil plants from Montrose, Pa., and vicin-
ity ; twenty-eight specimens of fossiis, ete., from Mt. Lebanon and
vicinity ; five specimens from the cretaceous rocks of Delaware.

From Frank Graves, Camillus, N. Y.

A block of Selenite (Gypsum) from Camillus, Onondaga county, N: Y.

II. By Exchange.
From Prof. D. 8. Marrry, Rutger’s Female College, N. Yaa!
Fossil bones and other phosphates from South Carolina, consisting of
teeth of Carcharodon and Oxyrtrina; bones of Manatee, ete.
Specimen of Serpentine containing Eozoén Canadense: Thurman,

Naty:

III. By Collection.
Of the Drrecror.

Glacial Scratches from beds of Trenton Limestone, at Tribe’s Hill,
New York.

Of the AssIsTANTS.

Extensive collections of fossils and a number of rock specimens
from the Chemung and Catskill groups: By Andrew Sherwood.
Large collections of fossils (twenty boxes), consisting principally of
lamellibranchiate shells, from the Hamilton group on the shores
of Cayuga lake: By Herbert H. Smith.

Large collections of Lamellibranchiata from the Hamilton group in
Madison and Onondaga counties: By George B. Simpson.

9? TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

IV. By Purchase,
Twelve hundred Fossil Shells from the Tertiary beds of the Upper
Amazon.
The Gebhard Collection. (See Schedule appended.)
A collection of Fossil Plants (151 specimens), principally Ferns,
occurring in concretions in the coal measures at Morris, Illinois.

IV. TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCH #OLOGY AND
ETHNOLOGY. ee
By Donation.
From Capt. McC. Nerrervinir, 21st U. 8. Infantry.

Indian Manufactures of the aaa) Apache Heidt from Pinal
Mountains, Arizona, consisting of :

Bow and seven arrows, flint and metal tipped.

Quiver of deer-skin.

Water-flask of wicker work coated with Mesquite gum.

Deer-skin moceasins.

Deer-skin pouch and paint bag.

Deer-skin pouch and bells.

Saddle-cloth of skin.

Deer-skin skull cap.

Pack of playing cards made of raw-hide.

From D. J. Wurrnry, Gouverneur, N. Y.
An Indian hatchet of green-stone, found in Morristown, St. Lawrence
' g ®
county, N. Y.

From Hamirton Corrrr, Albany, N. Y.

Piece of a tombstone penetrated by a cannon-ball shot by the British
at the battle of Monmouth, N. J., June 28th, (778.

From Derrick V. Levrersrr, Brunswick, N. J.

An Indian stone pestle, twenty-two inches in length.

From Grorce W. Brower, Schenectady, N. Y.

Three Indian arrow-heads.

ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUM. 93

¥.. )TO- THE LIBRARY.
I, By Donation,
From the Cutcaco HisrortcaL Society.

Transactions of the Wisconsin State Agricultural Society. Vol. VIIT,
1869. Madison, Wis., 1870. 8vo.

History of Illinois, from 1778 to 1833 ; and Life and Times of Ninian
Edwards. By Ninian W. Edwards, Springfield, Ill., 1870. 8vo.

Eleventh Annual Statement of the Trade and Commerce of Chicago,
for the year ending March 31st, 1869. By John F. Beaty, Secre-
tary. Chicago, 1869. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 172.

Seventh Annual Report of the Board of Public Works to the Com-
mon Council of the city of Chicago. Chicago, 1869. Pamph.,
8vo., pp. 133.

Eighth Annual Report of the Board of Public Works to the Com.
mon Council of the city of Chicago. Chicago, 1869. Pamph.,
8vo. pp. 207.

First Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Illinois Indus-
trial University, for the year ending June 5, 1869. Springfield,
1868. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 323.

Second Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Llinois Indus-
trial University, for the year ending June 5, 1870. Springfield,
1869. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 372.

Catalogue of the Illinois Normal University for 1861-62. Blooming-
ton, Ill., 1862. Pamph., pp. 26.

Catalogue do. for 1864-65. Bloomington, I1]., 1865. Pamph., pp. 36.

Catalogue do. for 1865-66. “ Pega io) 07 ie pp. 36.

Catalogue do. for 1868-69. a nh E869: 4 pp. 47.

Catalogue of Lake Forest Academy at Lake Forest, Ill., for 1869-70,
Lake Forest, 1870. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 22.

Department of Public Instruction, city of Chicago. Fifteenth
Annual Report of the Board of Edueation for the year ending
July 3, 1869. Chicago, 1869. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 315.

Department of Public Instruction, city of Chicago. Sixteenth
Annual Report of Board of Education, for the year ending July 1,
1870. Chicago, 1870. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 264.

Catalogue of the North-western University at Evanston, Ill., for
1869-70. Evanston, 1870. Pamph., pp. 55.

Report of the Wisconsin State Historical Society for the year 1869.
Madison, Wis., 1870. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 104.

94. TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Bulletin of the Wisconsin Academy of Science, Arts and Letters,
April, 1870, No. 1. Madison, Wis., 1870. Pamph., pp. 24.

The Last of the Illinois, and a Sketch of the Pottowatamies. By
John Dean Caton, LL. D. Chicago, 1870. Pamph., pp. 36.

Annual Report of the Regents of the Llinois Industrial University,
made March 8th, 1870. Champaign, I]]., 1870. Pamph., pp. 10.

From Cuartes W. Hurcurnsoy, Utica, N. Y.

Natural History of New York, Part V. Agriculture, Mele v.
Insects of New York. By E. Emmons, ED:

From the Avrnor,.
Shipbuilding in Iron and Steel. By E. J. Reed, C. B., Chief Con-
structor of the Navy. London, 1869. Sear Svo.

From the Regents or UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE oF N. Y.

Seventy-eighth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of
the State of New York. Albany, 1865. 8vo.

Seventy-ninth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the
State of New York. Albany, 1866. 8vo.

Eightieth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the
State of New York. Albany, 1867. 8vo. |

Eighty-first Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the
State of New York. Albany, 1868. 8vo.

Highty-second Annual Report of the Regents of the University of —
the State of New York. Albany, 1869. 8vo. |

Eighty-third Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the —
State of New York. Albany, 1870. 8vo. |

From the Autor.

Description of some uew species of Fossils from the shales of the
Hudson River Group in the vicinity of Cincinnati, O. By James
Hall, LL. D,. Oct., 1871.; Pamph«8vo. |

A Hand-Book on Silex. By Dr. Lewis Feuchtwanger, Chemist and
Mineralogist. New York, 1871. 12mo.

From Dr. L. W. Scuauruss, Dresden.

Das Graberfeld bei Gauernitz Vom Herausgeber. Dresden, 1871. ;
Pamph., 8vo., pp. 24.

ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUM. ay

Notizen zum Gemilde G. Barbarelli’s, genannt Giorgione: ‘“ Die
Ebebrecherin,” sowie zu G. Reni’s Portrait des Jacobi und zweier
Paolo Veronese, zur Zeit im Besitze von Dr. L. W. Schaufuss in

. Dresden.

Kiinstliche aus Glas gefertigte Actinien, Medusen und Mollusken.
Dresden, 1869.

Catalog vorrathiger Saugethiere. Dresden, 1870.

Verkaufliche Skelette und Schadel. Dresden, 1871.

Nachstehend verzeichnete Europiaische Kafer. 1865.

Coleoptern von Australien. Dresden, 1869.

Afrikanische Coleoptern. Dresden, 1870.

Europeische Coleoptern mit Einschluss von nord-afrikanischen,
kleinasiatischen, russischen, etc. Verz. C, 1870; Verz. CI, 1870;
Verz. CII, 1871.

Verkaufliche Exotische Vogelbalge. Dresden, 1870.

From the Society.

| Sitzungs-Berichte der naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isis in
Dresden. Nos. 10-12, 1870. Nos. 1-8, 1871.

From L’UntIversitE RoyaLe DE NorvEGE A CHRISTIANIA.

Bidrag til Kundskab om Christianiafjordens Fauna. II af Michael
Sars. Christiania, 1870. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 114. | |
Christiania Omegns Phanerogamer og Bregner af A. Blytt. Chris-

tiania, 1870. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 103.

Om en i Sommeren, 1869, foretagen Entomologisk Reise gjennem
Ringerike, Hallingdal og valders af H. Siebke. Christiania, 1870.
Pamph., 8vo., pp. 71.

Crustacea amphipoda borealia et arctica auctore Axel Boeck. (Ser-
skilt afrykt af Vidensk.-Selsk. Forhandlinger for 1870.) Pamph.,
8vo. pp. 200.

Bidrag til Norges Rovdyr og Rovfuglestatistik for Femaaret 1861-65.
Af H. Rasch. (Seerskilt aftrykt af Vidensk.Selsk. Forhandlinger

- for 1868.) |

Nye Dybvandscrustaceer fra Lofoten. Af G. O. Sars. (Serskilt
aftrykt af Vidensk.-Selsk. Forhandlinger for 1869.) Pamph.,
8vo., pp. 30.

Carcinologiske Bidrag til Norges Fauna, I. Mysider. Af G. O.
Sars. Christiania, 1870. Pamph. quarto, pp. 64. :

4

96 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

II. By. Subscription.
The American Naturalist. Salem, Mass.,1870. Vol. 1V. Nos. 11,
12244 Mol. V5 i387,
The American Journal of Science and Arts. New Haven, 1871.
Third Series. Vol. 1, Nos. 1,2, 4,5. Vol. II, Nos. 8, 9, 10, 12.
United States Railroad and Mining Register. Philadelphia, 1871.
Vol. XV.

ee A

GEBHARD COLLECTION.
SCHEDULE OF CONTENTS, ETC.

[State of New York. Extract from the Supply Bill, chap. 715 of the Laws of 1871.]

“ For John Gebhard, for the purchase, by the State, of his collec-
tion of minerals and fossils, the sum of three thousand five hundred
dollars, to be paid on the certificate of James Hall, John V. L. Pruyn
and Isaac W. Jackson that the collection is worth that sum, and
should be purchased by the State.”

We, James Hall, John V. L. Pruyn and Isaac W. Jackson, above
named, do hereby certify that we have this day met together and
conferred in reference to the matters above mentioned ; and we, the
said James Hall and Isaac W. Jackson, do further certify that we
have together personally inspected the collection of minerals and
fossils of John Gebhard, referred to in the above act of the Legisla-
ture, now at his residence in the town and county of Schoharie; that
the said collection comprises specimens in Mineralogy, Geology,
Paleontology, Conchology, General Zoélogy, Ethnology, ete.

For a better appreciation of the nature and value of the collection,
the following general memoranda have been prepared:

1. A general collection in mineralogy (American and European),
comprising more than 1,000 specimens.

2. An extensive collection of minerals, comprising the varieties of
Spar from the Schoharie caves, Sulphate of Baryta, Strontian (of
which there are many polished specimens), amounting in all to more
than 2,500 specimens.

3. Stalactites and Bile to the nuiaber of more than 100
specimens. Several of these weigh from 200 to 300 pounds each, and
one mass of Sulphate of Strontian weighs over 300 pounds; also
other specimens not especially enumerated.

4, Collections in Paleontology, enumerated under the head of the
rock formations as follows:

TRENTON LIMESTONE.

Trilobites, Orthoceratites, and other fossils, approximately, fifty
specimens.

98 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Utica SLATE.

Principally ‘Trilobites, twenty-five specimens.

Hupson River Grovp.

{

Fossil shells and Trilobites in small specimens, and large slabs
with Sphenothallus, in all 100 specimens.

Mepina SANDSTONE AND Crintron Grovp.

Fossil shells, Fucoids, etc., twenty-five specimens.

NIAGARA GROUP.

Trilobites and Encrinites, fifty specimens.

CoRALLINE LIMESTONE.

Corals of various species, some of which are polished, 800 speci-
mens. ‘Trilobites,; Cephalopoda, Gaatcepeds Lamellibranchiata,
Brachiopoda, at least 300 specimens.

.

TENTACULITE LIMESTONE.

Many Bryozoans and Corals ;

Crinoidea of remarkable forms, a few specimens ;
Aviculoid Shells, a few specimens ;

Brachiopoda of several forms ;

Orthoceras and Gomphoceras ;

Beyrichia, etc. In all 500 specimens.

LowER PENTAMERUS LaRReeN:

Crinoidea of several species ;

Cystideans of the genus Lepadocrinus ;

Corals and Bryozoans, many specimens ;

Brachiopoda of several genera and species in large numbers ;

Aviculoid shells ;

Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda in several forms ;

Trilobites in considerable number. Altogether amounting to more
than 500 specimens.

SHALY LrEstrone.
Corals and Bryozoans, many good specimens ;
Crinoidea, many of which are new forms ;
Aviculoid shells, some of rare and desirable forms ;

GEBHARD COLLECTION. 99

Brachiopoda, in several genera and large numbers of specimens ;

Gasteropoda, many good and rare specimens ;

Orthoceratites, some better specimens than before seen ;

Trilobites, some very good specimens and rare forms ;

Many large and fine slabs covered with fossils. Altbobilier more
than 1,500 specimens.

Uprrer Prentamervus Limestone.

Crinoidal remains in large numbers ;
Brachiopoda in several genera and many specimens ;
Aviculoid shells of rare forms ;
Gasteropoda in several species. Altogether between 400 and 500
specimens.
ORISKANY SANDSTONE.

Brachiopoda in several genera in large numbers, many of them
showing interior structure ;

Many large and fine slabs covered with shells ;

Aviculopecten, some large and fine specimens 5

Gasteropoda, of several species. In all, 800 to 1,000 specimens.

ScHOHARIE GRIT.

Corals and Bryozoans, some very good specimens ;

Brachiopoda, many good specimens, and some excellent casts of
the interiors ;

Lamellibranchiate shells of several genera; many specimens of
Conocardium ;

Gasteropoda, many good specimens ;

Cephalopoda, many good Orthoceratites ; Gyroceras, Cyrtoceras,
_Trochoceras, among which are many good specimens 5

Trilobites of the genera Dalmania, Phacops, Lichas, etc. Alto-.
gether from 1,000 to 1,500 specimens.

ONONDAGA AND CornirERoUsS LIMESTONE.

Many Corals and Bryozoans;

Crinoidea, some rare forms ;

Brachiopoda, some fine specimens ;

Lamellibranchiata of the genera Pterinea, Avienlopecten, Bie.”

Gasteropoda, of several genera;

Cephalopoda, of the genera Orthoceras, Gyroceras, ete. ;

Trilobites, of the genera Dalmania, Lichas, ete. Whole number
from 700 to 800 specimens.

30 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Marcretitus SHALE.

Brachiopoda, of several species ;
Orthoceratites and Goniatites ;
Bones of fishes, ete. In all 200 specimens.

Hamittron AND CHEMUNG GROUPS.

Brachiopoda of several species ;

Lamellibranchiata of the genera Pterinea, Aviculopecten, Gram-
mysia, etc., some of them showing striation ;

Gasteropoda, many specimens ; |

Cephalopoda, Orthoceratites, Nautilus, etc.; some of the latter
very fine;

Many remains of plants ;

One Stigmaria ;

Two stumps of Psaronius and many fragments of the foliage of the
same. Altogether about 1,000 specimens.

Tertiary Fossizs.
About one hundred specimens.

CLAYSTONES.
About five hundred specimens.

ABORIGINAL AND HistroricAL OxpsEcts AND IMPLEMENTS.

One hundred and fifty specimens.

Recent SHELLS.

Marine, freshwater and land forms, estimated at 2,000 specimens.
Other specimens of the existing fauna, amounting to about 150
specimens.

These collections have been made by an intelligent person or per-
sons. <A great part of the paleontological collection has been made
by Mr. Gebhard, whose knowledge of the rocks of Schoharie valley
and of their fossil contents is well known among geologists. The
value of the collection is greatly enhanced from the fact that it has
been accumulated during a period of many years, and from a repeated
and critical examination of all the rock formations, giving a most
complete illustration of the ancient fauna and flora of that region.

The entire number of specimens in the collection will exceed
_ 15,000, of which at least 7,500 are of fossils from the rock formations
of the Schoharie valley.

GEBHARD COLLECTION. 31

And we, the said James Hall and Isaac W. Jackson, do further
certify that the said collection is, in our judgment, worth the said
sum of $3,500, and ought, in our judgment, to be purchased by the

State.
JAMES HALL.

I. W. JACKSON.

I have not been able to examine the collection of Mr. Gebhard
above referred to (except as to a few specimens now at the State
Museum), but from the above statement of Professors Hall and Jack-
son, in whose judgment I have entire confidence, as to the extent
and character of the collection, I concur in their conclusion as to its
valne, and that it should be purchased by the State.

JOHN V. L. PRUYN.
Apany, September 9, 1871.

Memoranda of Packages, ete., of the Gebhard Collection, received
at the State Museum, December 4th, 1871.

No. 1. 1 bbl. Waterlime Group, Tufa, ete.
2. 1 bbl. Waterlime Group, Tufa, ete.
3. 1 bbl. Waterlime Group, cave specimens.
4. 1 bbl. Waterlime Group, with specimens of Schoharie Grit.

Or

1 bbl. Hudson River Group, with ery of Upper Pen-
tamerus Limestone.
6. 1 bbl. specimens of Barytes. _
7. 1 bbl. Coralline Limestone, Corals, etc.
8. 1 bbl. Coralline Limestone, Corals, ete.
9. 1 bbl. Fibrous Carbonate of Lime, from Ball’s Cave.
10. 1 bbl. Marcellus Shale, Septaria.
11. 1 bbl. Waterlime Group, Ball’s Cave specimens.
12. 1 bbl. Lower Pentamerus, with some specimens of Shaly
limestone.
13. 1 bbl. Corniferous Limestone, Corals, ete.
14. 1 bbl. Marcellus Shale, Septaria.
15. 1 bbl. Tentaculite Limestone, Glacial Scratches.
1 box Trenton Limestone.
3 boxes Hudson River Group.
1 box Medina Sandstone.
18 boxes Coralline Limestone, Fossils and Minerals.
8 boxes Waterlime Group, Fossils and Minerals.

TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

4 boxes Tentaculite Limestone.

4 boxes Lower Pentamerus Limestone.

7 boxes Shaly Limestone.

1 box Upper Pentamerns Limestone.
5 boxes Oriskany Sandstone.

8 boxes Schoharie Grit.

13 boxes Hamilton Group.

5 boxes Onondaga and Corniferous Limestone.

22 boxes American and foreign Minerals.

2 boxes Cretaceous and Tertiary Fossils.
6 boxes recent Corals and Shells.

1 box Bones of Vertebrata.

1 box Archeological specimens.

1 box Claystones.

1 box Miscellaneous material.

Summary.
Barrelet se . cen ee ree ee ede aa ee 15
BOXES 5.5.6 Oe he sissies age ee 112
Packases 0: seraet) wnettce Ah

And unpacked material as below:

3 large Stalagmites, from Ball’s Cave.

1 mass Carbonate of Strontian.

1 slab from Hudson River Group, showing mud-marks.
2 Fossil Stumps, from Gilboa, N. Y.

1 section of Fossil Stump, Gilboa, N. Y.

1 mass of Calcareous Tufa.

1 Shell of Galapagos Turtle.

1 Carapace of Turtle.

1 pair Moose Horns.

1 Elk Horn.

2 pairs Deers’ Horns.

1 Deer Horn, embedded in a tree-trunk.

1 Skull and Horns of Mountain Sheep.

1 Skull and Horns of common Sheep.

1 pair Snow Shoes.
_ 24 casts of Sharks’ Teeth, illustrative of 2 en of

Fossil Squalidae, by R. W. Gibbes, M. D.
7 casts of Trilobites.
4 casts of Dythyrocharis, ete.

GEBHARD COLLECTION. 33

I certify that the barrels, boxes and unpacked material enume-
rated in the foregoing list have been delivered at the State Museum
of Natural History, and have all been examined by me and cata-
logned by myself or under my inspection.

(Signed) JAMES HALL,
Director State Museum Natural History.

AP ase

npn ‘i ve a nereons ‘

Ce reenable ee ee

LIST OF LONG ISLAND MOLLUSCA, PRESENTED TO
THE STATE MUSEUM.

The report on the Mollusca of Long Island, N. Y., by Sanderson
Smith and Temple Prime, published in the Annals of the Lyceum of
Natural History of New York, in May, 1870, contains 182 species.
The types of the species therein enumerated have. been placed in’ the
Museum of the School of Mines of Columbia College, New York.
A suite of 106 species, as recorded in the list below, was contributed
to the State Museum by Mr. Temple Prime, and another suite has
been presented to the Long Island Historical Society.

. LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Pienma ephippium LAnt.. 0.6. oes eis ee eae
Anomia ephippium war. aculeata............. Greenport.
Berrerem WPAN. LQ so, ee ee ss ny kip > «ss
2 es Stain O07 i nar Greenport.
Peeeretare ONY. ks es ee ON coe eae oe |
Mimeviaproxima Say io. oe yl. a. wee
ee NMA Ol are Coa ek oe ee Ae ie weap + ay New York bay.
Mytilus plicatulus Desh: 320. 22000: ae ane te ee 7
MRE CCUG: £07020. 5 nck nae ce es ee eee ee
Wiens Wardabus ey. lees at bes oy New York harbor.
aie ecomplanatus Lee... ... Riverhead.
Sear, partumeidm Say... 0... 22.02. ys a +R SLOPIA.
Seicerium seedris Prime. ol .l tis cee te Greenport.
Pisiaium apditum ald... . Seelam iat ie, ae
Peeiia planulata See. al oper Greenport.
Peeps JUMMatd CONT... ss as sawn oe »- a untine ton.
Pemepes Castanea, SM... . sso es bela ved oe sae Gardiner’s Bay.
Sram pinnulatum Cone... ost. e i eig ys. e+e, ELuntington.
Carcainm Morton Conn... te ges eee BE SN
emits: MET Cen aris, (20M... wc we ees es ooo pie o's :
Pee SONIA 2 OLE. |. se nance het hae oe eels

cous Manhatténais Prime oo... 0a. oe ew . Huntington.

36 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Cytherea convexa Say.............. POPS: New York bay.

Mactra lateraliseSag tare i202 oer eas Greenport.

Mactra solidissimia (Chenin ott. es ee

Mesodesma arctatum Gould..............06. Easthampton. |

Donax TOscor, SAY) dower aiee es ek ee: eee New York harbor.

Cumingia tellinoides’ Cons. se ee Montauk.

Mellina fusea Pony ee ce eee eae oe Greenport. -

Tellina tenera Say ........ i sola ata Webta teense

Tellina tenta Say ./.../i0b2) sel Aa sous) iG reempeme

Solemya velum Say..... ONS A. DOCS OF ORO Huntington.

Solecurtus gibbus /. dt Ho... . ccc ccc cece ees Coney Island.

Solen ensis: 71700) oly HOPE ie |

Amatinapapyracea! Say 2) .02 08 a ae Greenport.

Cochlodesma Leanum Migh......... 0.0008: :

Lyontsia lnyalina “Cone 2002 4. SIA SP 8 Greenport.

Pandora trilindata Say srutole tL eee) Ave Montauk Point.

Corbula contracts S40. 2.0) tiles pees oe: Greenport.

Petricola pholadiformis Zam. c...<..:.35'- 04 |

DaxiCawa ALCLICA WIEN. 706s bt oe gee ee ste Montauk Point.
PROSOBRANCHIATA. |

Chiton apieulatns ay i.e. 2. nce Mee Huntington.

Weetura testudimalis Gray... ..0)/ sects ee Glencove.

Crepidula tommicata Lami it Urea ese rest ours

Creprdula ame uitorimis, W270... ..vocu) soniece sden-te Soe

Crepidula convexa SOY x vec ccc s 2 ee

Paludimaydlecist (SOG aos cic sec ok waa owe oeere ae Riverhead.

PATENTUC ONG WOOP ATA MRE occ, cvsnce bay aiten ches susccca weatieneh <aabune Riverhead.

Inittorinan: rudie wee. <0 ccs seas ee date weak

Aiittowina, literals 2G soe. 27 (0) sche: ciesene seek snore eae

Eittovina: wmroratan GeGY os se daiule 0 wos 4) tla manne Huntington.

Lacuna win eta QUgtOM 66. wpe sosrieiainsciayersi wore cral ore Oe

RIGS Oa AMANTAUA EA USC tah a’ din 5 oh ws eat ons wins ox ree ore eI ENS Montauk Point.

Coecum. pullchellamn Sbsieistencre sxcosia vichocnly anaes Greenport. |

Cerith tama Say: M0 Cm) cos) ps) aires wracates lene oh oglapnbon ess |

CerithiumiGreentt OB. Ad. 2.6). s,s cu ties Canarsie. _ |

Cerithium nigrocinctum C. B. Ad........... Canarsie. |

Chemuntaiaintberrnipte, 80 .4..0) 0) sine saa ne ee doit Huntington.

Chem nitavartr iia B88 i) ws sie sins as ese acer one ae

Chemnitzia seminuda St............00005 ..... Greenport.

Lone IstAND MoLLuUSCA. 37°

SIMA UNAM LT. yon wa ol ec Wio'wes a2 5 o's 00 Uh
MEME REEISENIALS, (MEY owl osu coos nlein's vests ces
MPR MOLICALA SCY wow ain ss 2 sets en ae hee cee
-Cerithiopsis terebellum S¢....... 0. ce eee ener Huntington.
Geriniopsis Emergsonii. Sé,.....0scccesereecs Huntington.
EAE. 2
Meretra lapillos La77,......0cesennreeserens Montauk.
ES reer
Nassa vibex Say..... Pie Sree hice gis cherptim ateeene Se Northport.
erinealeta, SO... we ve os ces leinis nese cene
Prceimnm Undatim 20. .......0 22 sceee eee Montauk.
Peper eanaliculata Brug ...6 2... ee tele ous
ERICA ATI. a ok se nn ee se ee ed ae
Seambella Innata Sowd......... 2.02 s0.ene es
Satembellacavara Say... 0. sce eee nee ees
Plcurotomaplicatum C..B.Ad......... 025665 Greenport.
TECTIBRANCHIATA.
CO le ce sv se ee tes Se os .. Huntington.
eer estislicniaia OGY 66626. lle ce ee ees Little Gull Island.
ee MELD GSO) o's a: o's ou wns oe 2 2 wa ayn sis s Huntington.
es COTHCUS OL. . 2 ee 5s eee dae ees
Melampus denticulatus S¢.............2.-05. Huntington.
PNEUMOBRANCHIATA.
- 0 EULESS a RD oe: eee eee East Marion.
Gundlachia Stimpsoniana Smith ............. Greenport.
Pamines columella S27)... tu. en ewe ne wee we ne Coldspring.
Biontepes Taney lts SI ooo. oo. ooo ove ie sotserenei ee Lloyd’s Neck.
BEING? GESIGIOSA, SAY — «on ooo a vce eeeeanees Astoria.
Physa heterostropha Say... 2.0.0.0... e eee ees ,
tegen Clowwata (SAY. ... 6 214) 4 = i454 eee Sint wie Hae Centerport.
BERMMEP IAG LEIVOLVIS OGY ) os, « 4) «ie csis enero me cmek Riverhead.
Piaderbis biearmaius Say... .....-....008005 Huntington.
Flanorbis armigerus Say... 2.56.2 2.10 0-0 fcate
PPamOr nis PALVUS SAY... 56050. cea ah
Pienorbis dilatatus! Gould... <0 «00 calnwias Southold.
Bete) APORCAUOY Nooo... 53-5 sa aitilas sti ek Afb ait
Heese SINR EE AGE SIG on xg din ww ni ciin' sh SOs Huntington.
Pets binneyana Morse)... 2 o52sseses 3 38 Huntington.
Pee TOP ARE UES. 5's 3a sis as Se eke wes dene eles Oyster Bay.

Beteliss glteriatt Sie! co oss oes e dso ne ead Gardiner’s Island.

38 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Hielix labyrinthica Says. 20%. a5: Gara abana oat Lloyd’s Neck.
melix allbolabuts Soe. ks Dateien damien ee eee 2

Elelix thy roides Swen seine wre 'seon mae eae cue

Helix pulchella Miter... 655. ce0. te dabad ty 2

Pupa pentodoni(Say. sss. cess core ade eaten wed

Pipe: fallen’ Sagi isto ew a vajoiets wits ocpuaianeie ts dW arate Coldspring.
Vertigo milium Gld...... shia al We eeaee wae) bu are 3 |
Vertigo simplex Gld.evs. secs eer ves ‘esseoecce- Fisher's Island

|

|

CATALOGUE OF EUROPEAN SHELLS, ETC.,

PRESENTED TO THE

STATE MUSEUM, BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, IN -1869.*

CRUSTACEA.

Doe (28 Seles (er one . British.
Mepagsuleata o./rnn05% Ys Be ice wee os British.
Wipe Wired Heapreesats hich \ acs ree os x British.
Pe pas sthinta tah HOPE. 662. woo 20% British.
Lepas Hillii=Pentalasmis anatifera..... British.
PealamUs COMMUNIS - Jsigith-.-. sees ees Scarborough.
ea ais OMI CTABNS se 2)2( 8. oe ee es Scarborough.
Feanus tintinmmabylim(!)) oF .25..-.-+-- + Scarborough (imported).
(LUST Suis) (Ce eae oe eee ee British.
Conchoderma virgata = Cineras vittata

LU) eee ee ee err ..... Scarborough.

VERMES.

Vermilia triquetra ..... Peo sales aes + 6 British.
Vermilia scabra and Balanus communis

eavPecten operctlarignis .s..22.e+2¢. British.
Petpula SOlMeniA ) yititaie sd 2.5 se0ceees British.
Serpula complexa....... eee Scarborough.

CEPHALOPODA.
Meteo vuloaris Langtsisedt «sees se0 nes British.
HETEROPODA.

Fomine, Atricamay dation i... cers eres Canaries.
Fanthing commuttis ff, did7. oo... os os Treland.

* The mollusca are named according to ‘* Forbes and Hanley’s British Mollusca,” from type speci-
mens by P. P. Carpenter. The classification is in accordance with Chenu’s ‘‘ Manuel de Conchylio-
logie.”

40 T'WENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM. ,
GASTEROPODA.
1st Sub-class —PROSOBRANCHIATA.

Ist Order—PECTINIBRANCHIATA.
1st Sub-order— Proboscidifera.

Murex erinaceus 229). aie a9 samusente British.
Murexcorallinus Seach. 5 i1.022025n 6 British.
Murex'brandaris Linn... 6 cee eee Mediterranean.
Ocenebra Edwardsii Payr............. Mediterranean.
Trophon craticulatus Hahr............ Greenland.
Trophon’ elathratus! Lian... doo0 5 wane (W. Bean).*
Trophon Barvicensis Johns............ (W. Bean).
Fusus pulchellus PAdl..... Sisvetetens Mediterranean.
Chrysodomus propinquus ............. (W. Bean).
Cantharus D’Orbignyi Payr.......... Mediterranean.
Pisania maculosa L@mM.. 2.24... 25.554 Mediterranean.
Clathurella gracilis Jont.............. Devon.
Clathurella purpurea J/ont............ British.
Drillia elegans Seach. .....:2.5s.56.+. Corunna (McAnd)).
Lachesis minima J/font................ Villa franca.
Lachesis minima, Dfoné.....2.0.2..0005 British.
Lachesis? minima var. (McAnd.)....... Mogador.
Bela turricula Afont.......... sete baes (W. Bean).
Bela ruta DOn vere ei cues Sikchsa Herm.
Bela: brachystomian 2330.0 sesecc sores Mogador (McAnd.).
Bela septangularis dfont.............. Corunna (McAnd.).
Mangelia attenuata Mont........ DEL a | British.
Mangelia nebula Mont. .........6..5. British.
Mangelia nebula Mont...........6.006 Corunna (McAnd.).
Mangelia rugulosa Phil... ......000055 Mediterranean.
Mangelia Ginnaniana Scach........ - Ealermat
Mangelia linearis: Monte os... 2 eee British.
Mangelia costata Mont...........0.00. British.
Buceimum undatum £007... 5... 526,00 42 British. |
Buecinum Humphreysianum Len...... (W. Bean).
Nassa corniculum «7s Wld cscs eves nns Mediterranean.
Nassa pygmeea LaM...... 0. cece ees Malaga (McAnd.).
Nassa py gma Lagi. wie. se. aimee kes British.
Ngee Pate: Woe ah tes ken aan Mediterranean.

* The species thus indicated are without locality, but labeled ‘**Received from W. Bean, Esq.,
Scarborough, Eng.” ‘

EUROPEAN SHELLS.

Nassa incrassata Linn... 2... cece e ces British.

Nassa incrassata Linm......ceescevees Malaga (McAnd.).
aces reticulata Ligaiicc). ..-....0 62 ae ke British.

Migesa trifasciata AleAid. 0 .. aok 8. ds Mediterranean.
Migeea Cuvier... ural ic. ab Mediterranean.
Miaest Plieale oe uctnis. «.,.. >... 400k Red Sea.
Mase mutabilis Mdapei<').\.... <0. 5.5443 Mediterranean.
Pease Variabiligel RG... oan e ts a Mediterranean.
Nassa variabilis vav. Cuvierl .......... Adriatic.
Myeaps Nerites, /47igeed}. . . oe eae e Mediterranean.
aroura lapillus, yt.\).....-. 2... +. British.
Purpura lapillus Zinn.—eggs......... British.

Mera meUrina, PROD od... wn. eee 8 a's Canaries.
Walntomitra ehenayl aim. ............ 4: Mediterranean.
Volutomitra said... .. 20... <i. “Camariess
Wurricula Savignet.; foyr............. Mediterranean.
Gibbernla guanachas D’Orb........... Canaries.
Eauperm@ia minnta P7niey. 2. le. ee Villa franca.
Gibberula miliaria Lam.............. . Canaries: if
Gibberula clandestina Broc........... Mediterranean.
Sereperula epiorns #rve.sr . 2. ee ee belt Mogador (McAnd.).
Reems: FIO win oho <x, 0 tee we bw es (W. Bean).
Meolvarina, triticea, Lami itt... . 2... Canaries.
Columbella rustica Lann. >. 22.2600 62.. Mediterranean.
Columbella reticulata Zam............ Mediterranean.
emryela Grervillit\ aml.) ie es ra <s Mediterranean.
Pmibenea TANOT Lhasa gw cle a: Fs ws te oe Mediterranean.
Eiiyecla corniculata, ham... oKe sss. Mediterranean.
thas Vanguelini” Faye oc... pe Mediterranean.
Welutima levioatar W777... 26... ce ee British.
Lamellaria perspicua"/ont.... ....... (W. Bean).
Meier Deerans [VODs leone cape ewe Mediterranean.
Polinices olla De Serres=glaucina Phil. Loe. ?

emacs VG PIO E. A. <acgckeee ox" ales Gibralter (McAnd.).
Lunatia nitida var. Valenciennesii Payr. Lessina.
Pringkia. Mmaricdia WIG sn « ssi ip's ta 0 as Mediterranean.
Lunatia Guilleminii Pay?............. Mediterranean.
Sealaria communis: Lam.............. Mediterranean.
Ringicula auriculata Mont............. Madeira.

Chemnitzia ? pusilla var. gracilis PAzl... British.
6

41

42 TWENTY-FIFIH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Chemnitzia? var. pusilla PAdl.......... British.
Chemnitzia scalaris PAi............4. British.
Chemnitzia indistincta Mont....... swctes SOPLLISHE
Chemnitzia? var. fulvocincta Thom..... British.
Chemnitzia elegantissima J/ont........ British.
Chemnitzia elegantissima Mont........ Malaga (McAnd.).
Chemnitzia fenestrata Jeffr....... vt sete? DDFMISH
Odostomia acuta Jeffr........ . Nae anerats British.
Odostomia rissoides Hanl,............ British.
Odostomiaconoidea.! D7 2... British.
Odostomia unidenta Mont............. British.
Odostomianturrita (Jey 7 ccs. aici eek British.
Odostomia truneatnla Jey 1.1.7. ot Plymouth.
Odostomia eulimoides Hlanl........... British.
Odostomia plicata Mont....... Asteenete Dublin.
Parthenia spiralis Doi. 2... 42 British.
uthoma “distoria Deshi ee At oro a tatt British.
Bavkimg polite Wea ee eA Ae hehe British.
Leiostraca stbulata Don.............. British.
Leiostraca bilineata Alder............. British.
Cerithiopsis tubercularis Jfont......... British.

2d Sub-order — Toxifera,
Conus Mediterraneus Brug............ Mediterranean.

3d Sub-order— Rostrifera.

Anserina pes-pelicani Zinn. (jun.)...... British.
Empomatinda Lai. aca 6 - escd see Mediterranean.
Mrivia Muropes Wong oe oo.) 6. stots British.

Mnivia uuroprs M0nt sae. ee cee Gibralter.
Maiyda ule USO. heck sare te coe oe Mediterranean,
Mrichotropis borealis Shy... 5.....22.. (W. Bean).
Cerithium fuscatum Costa............. Mediterranean,
Centhian vuloatum, Bid es... oes Mediterranean,
Bittium reticulatum Da Costa......... British.
Bittium reticulatum Da Costa......... Sicily..
Bittium scabrum Oliwi.=lima Brug.... Mediterranean.
Triphoris adversa, 220n7. tu... : sess con British.
Pirenella mamillata PAd........ hie Sicily.
Melanopsis preerose Zinn............. Elijah’s well, Jericho.

Melanopsis Sauleyi Bourg....... Osa seck Jericho (Tristam).

45

EUROPEAN SHELLS.

Melanopsis cariosa Lam... .... ecco ees Sevule (McAnd.).
Melanopsis Dufourii Fer...... 2... 66. Xativa.

Melanopsis costata Her...... ia Sate eaee -, Lake Meron (Trist.).
Melanopsis costata var. fasciolata....... Lake of Galilee (Beamont).
Melanopsis lentiginosa ve............ Lebanon (Trist.).
Perimopsis eremitay 2h inl... ec ee a Near Dead Sea (Trist.).
Pperina rudisMang.t)..... 26.6 ee British.

Littorina rudis Donov. var............ Milford Haven.

Littorina Fabalis 7wrt. ?=palliata var... (W. Bean).
Littorina tenebrosa J/ont. ?=rudis var... British.
Littorina saxatilis Johnst. ?=rudis var... British.
Littorina tenebrosa = Groelandica Chem. Greenland.

Littorina patula Jefr. ¢=rudisvar..... British.
Littorina neritoides Zann.............. British.
Mrpeemina LiLOred, 14909. wi) spss. ese e ss ss British.
Wirnerina. Striata Hingis) sep see eee Azores (McAnd.).
Piscorima litoralis Jn. ....-..--.- os . otitieh:
Merogema palliata SAY scl... --+-+-6200 British.
Meena pureoltis Zwei... ces eee as British.
Lacuna pallidula Da Costa,........... British.
aia vincta Puy... ---s-'s.+--- British.

_ Planaxis lineata=pedicularis Zam...... Canary Isl.
Pascoe Druriierl. Layr) il... « ....+ <0. Mediterranean.
Rissoina ——— sp. ind................ Canary Isl.
iccea wiolaces Desialisl oo os. oc. en Mediterranean. -
Fascos pumetura Mont)... 6 ee: British.

@ iicsea labiosa’Mont! os.) ....0.0.5.... British.

Rissoa labiosa var. ventricosa Hanl...... Dalmatia.

_ Rissoa semistriata Mont .............. British.

Rissoa parva Da Costa. .... 2... ee eee. British.

Rissoa parva var. interrupta.......... .. British.

| Rissoa edstata Desh. non Mont......... Mediterranean.

| Rissoa ? rufilabrum var.... 0.0.0... 00. Sea of Marmora.

Me Ricsoa costulata Risso........ 0.20... British.

Rissoa inconspicua Ald............... British.

Rissoa (Zippora) auriscalpium Zinn.... Villafrancea.
eA lvania striatula Mont?s........0055.% British.
Alvania ealathus Hanl.............%. British.

Alvania buccinoides Desh............. Villafranea.
mlwania lactew OM acWM oe. cee eee Vigo (McAnd.).

| PWAMIA GOSEAGA AG. 2) Soe de oc bs cae tee British.

AA | TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

Alvania costata Aid Mite. cit. . aleolnta ne Lancerote, Canary Isl.

Alvania crenulata Mich... 1... 002.000. British.

Alvania Beanti Hanl...... Sai, Serene British.

Alvania? Beanii var.= Rissoa comex Phil. Villafranca.
Alvania Montacul Wag... sees ne oe Villafranca.
Alvania rufilabrumn Zigqch,. 22.6 26 eu 2 + British.

Alyamia Uinex) Lan am ee. As oo od pee eee Mediterranean. »
Alvania crenmlata WUGChy 64... c cee eos Villafranea.
Alvania Zellandica Mont.) ..6..0 60605. British.

Alyania punetura dont... hoes Teneriffe (McAnd.).
Alvania Spa Ne, 6 tes BN ae Canaries (McAnd.).
Onoba striata Montini si 28k British.

Aeme lineata, Drapes e se se. 6 COLE, Searborough.
Barleia rubra Jonge. s.a4 5 oss ge British.

Cingula cingillus Mont........:...60.. British.

Setia fuleida (Ald Ia. wena swe vee British.

Skene planorbis' HOGG nc ecin ye ase British.

Hydrobia ventrosa Mont...... aes Ne British.

Hydrobia mlyra Pen egitse a ois. s 4 ein British.

Hydrobia Boissieri Benoit............. Sicily. ‘
Paludina vivipara Zonn.......... WE» British.

Bithynia tentaculata Zann. (Pleistocene.) Essex.

Bithynia tentaculataiGrady.......3....: British.

Bithynia LeachitSiaepae tw. 22st. oe Yous

Valvata enistatan dul... 25-2. 1k British.

Valvata piscinalis /iéll. (Fossil)....... Worcestershire.
Turritella communis Azsso............ Mediterranean.+
Ceecum trachea, Wont et)... 2.4 . ie. . British. |

Brochina eslabra, Monte, oo 5% iin eo os British.

Phorus variegatus /?7sso= Richardt Payr. Mediterranean.
Galerus Sinensis Zznn..... sh coats laters ae British.

Galerus Sinensis Lonnm........+-...05. Sicily. ‘
Pileopsis Hungaricus Linn............ British.

2d Order—SCUTIBRANCHIATA.
1st Sub-order— Podophthalma.

Neritina fluviatilis Zann:..........-... British.
WNeritina fuiviatilis Wai? <6... ee Dalmatia.
Neritina Prenostiana Par............. River Kishon.

Neritina Jovdami We web's. ccc seen ous Lake Merom.

EUROPEAN SHELLS. A5

Neritina viridis Zinn............ Grae Lancerote (McAnd.).
Phasianella pullus Zann..............% British.
Phasianella pullus Zann-.). v.00 8.88 Mediterranean.
Emasianella Views Lay? ........ see sieies Dalmatia.
Bolma rugosa Zinn. (jun.)............ Mediterranean.
Adeorbis subearinata Mont............ British.
Clanculus Berthelotti D’Orb........... Dalmatia.
fanculus. turcidulus: Brac... 0.0... Dalmatia.
Walliostoma exicuus’ Puli... 2. 60.2 British.
Calliostoma crenulatum Lam.......... Canaries (McAnd.).
Calliostoma crenulatun Lam.......... Dalmatia.
Calliostoma ziziphinus Zinn. var....... Mediterranean.
Calliostoma striatus Zinn...........2. British.
Calliostoma striatus Zinn............. Mediterranean.
Calliostoma granulatum Born......... Dublin.
Calliostoma polychroma A. Ad........ Dalmatia.
Calliostoma Montagui Gray........... British.
Calliostoma rufopunctatum A. Ad.?=
PMN AERTEL, (IPS. ULL s o'a'a gos oss 2'e's Dalmatia.
Calliostoma millegranum PAd......... (W. Bean).
-Calliostoma Langieri Payr.....+....... Dalmatia.
Osilinus turbinatus Bary............. Mediterranean.
Osilinus articulatus Zam... ..ésc.ce eee Mediterranean.
Osilinus lineatus Da Cost............. British.
Gibbnula -cineraria Zinn.............¢. British.
Gibbula cineraria Jont.=fumosa Phil.. Mediterranean.
eiobula tumidus Mont........2....:. British.
Gibbula tumidus Wont hou foe ee: Mediterranean.

Gibbula calinota A. Ad.?=Adansonivar. Mediterranean.
Gibbula venusta 4. Ad.?= Adansoni var. Mediterranean.

Gibbula umbilicatus J/ont....... Ls» elcihishe

Gibbula umbilicatus Wont. var......... British.

Gibbula fuscata Gmel.=umbilicaris Phil. Mediterranean.
Pert, VATA L2gaie io). see kc cc ee ss British.

Gibbula Nassaviensis Chem.=? varia var. Mediterranean.
Gapbula divaricata Jaa, .........0-6 Gibralter.

Sipbula Macus. /anm.)..i.....+222-255 British.

Margarita cinerea Couth..... I APNE pe Greenland (Morch.).
Marearita undilatassoge! .. ssc. ss sess Greenland (Morch.).
Margarita helicina Fabr........ Hae Greenland (Morch.).

Haliotis buberculata Jae... S06 ese de British.

A6 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THH STATE MUSEUM.

2d Sub-order— Edriophthalma,
Fissurella nubecula Linn.=rosea Sby... Algiers (Hanley).

Fissurella (Glyphis) reticulata Don..... British.
-Emarginula reticulata Linn............ (W. Bean).
Emarginula rosea Bell...... Eee British.
Cemoria Noachina dgmpet tic... scien (W. Bean).
Dentaliany demtalet worn. i. .3)0syeis, seve Corunna (McAnd.).
Dentalinm entalisi7icgangl. 2... cc ee British.
Dentalium Tarentinum Zam.......... British.
Patella coerulleahel eee 8 oe Is]. Christo, s. of Elba.
Patella vulgata...... 1S Eee eee British.
Patella: athletics; ead alle. s.3',5.0 aes British.
Patella athletica var. colorata.......... British.
Pilidiwm fuljyuuna ple Whe as ko (W. Bean).
Nacella levis Pen.?=Patella pellucida

WOT OG Oasis OU re a eee 2 Tee ele British.
Nacellapellucida Pisguesinths os a a 3 British.
Ohiton cinereus io a eh a British.
Leptochiton asellus Chem............4. British.
Leptochiton granoliratus var.......... Mogador (McAnd.).
Pomieia Sulva WWooG whee ch ee Sus ee Portugal.
Acanthochites discrepans Linn=Chiton

PASCICHLATIS) CHA eben Wea owe nae. Milford.
Acanthochites fascicularis Zinn........ Dalmatia.

2d Sub-class —OPHISTHOBRANCHIATA.
Order —-TECTIBRANCHIATA.

Tornatella fasciata Zinn... 6.00... British.
Cylichna truncata! Dont . O20 ET Pe British.
Cylichna cylindracea Penn............ British.
Utriculus obtusus D/onts4 : 2.222522 20U. British.
Haminea hydatiswynnaM. i BOIS. British.
Scaphander hgnarius Zinn............ British.
Akera bullataswiena yam SO ea ae: British.
Atys pyximediatayawtad? ....% 1.53 sae Canaries (McAnd.).
Philina aperta Lone sit. csescccsrade British.
Philina *sealra Wig. aud oes fee British.

Aphysia hybrida Sows c2e ees eos British. |

EUROPEAN SHELLS. 47

3d Sub-class —PULMONATA.

1st Order—INOPERCULATA,
1st Sub-order— Geophila.

Cochlicopa acicula Mill.............. British.
FerussaciaV escoi Broign.=folliculus var. Sicily.
BeruNrtiGa JPM 2g sid wjek oo bs sta welds ois British.
feeeee tridens wld. J. Yt)... eee bs - British.
framina decollata Ling.) i... 1.266660. Canaries (Morch.).
Menolus fuscus AWont,05/.. 2.6.6.0 eos Scarborough.
Piseus i pyomeem Drdp . 0)... se eo wlele British.
Discus umbilicata Mont............... British.
Discus rotundata Mill.............. =) eritish,
Pemectla nitidus! (i...) of. 24. 5. ee British.
Helicella nitidulus Drap...... zien Ne Cie British.
Melieella aliarius AlWI2: oi... cee ke one British.
emeiteelia cellaria | 2 foo... of. oo 0a w byeialee Sicily.
Telicella radiatula Aldu.............. British.
Helicella crystallinus A/iill............ British.
Potrima pellucida Mill..i.). <1 jee. wens British.
mueeines putris Lines sis. eee ieee British.
Suecinea elecans M7ss0.\...2..2.00+26+ Nice.

- Bulimulus obscurus Mil... ... 2.6.26. British.
Bulimulus detritus Will.............. Freiburg.
Paimulus Syniacus fn. «2% 6). 5e. Lebanon (Trist.).
Bulimulus vulgaris Morelet,(jun.)...... St. Michaels (Ayers).
PUMS PUSlO HOTA)... sa ns< wen Syra.
Bulimulus larosus Oley. 23... cc eee ees Carmel (Trist.).
Brephalus Tournefortianus Fer........ Levant.
Cochlicella ventricosa Drap........... Nizza.
Woeeblicella acuta Mallu)... 6 cece eee British.
@ochlicella acuta Mulls. 2s ieee es st Nizza.
Chondrus 7-dentatus Roth............. Carmel (Trist.).
Chondrus spoliatus Parr: ............: Eleusis.
Chondrus quadridens Drap........ 2 a shah Nz
Eupae(Pupilla).dohunm)Drap...... 2+. Dauphine.
ieapa umbilicata Drage: } +e deccqutot British.

Heupel Py SMa, Prapudeic) ss. 2235s oak British.
Pupa (Torquilla) cinerea Drap......... Nizza.

Pupa (Torquilla) avena Drap.......... Switzerland.

48

Pupa Anglica Her. we eee Paco ee
Pana) AUS CONUTA 2777 ere te eae
Pupa Secale: DPUp: ccc we a's et aes
Vertizo antivertizo Dyape see. sw. se
Balea fragilis Drap.=perversa Linn...
Clausilia nigricans A/aton.............
Clausilia nigricans var. dubia Drap....
Claucilia laminata, Won 5.22422 ee
Clausilia solidula/ Dyvap-. 24242222222
Clausilia latilabris Wagner............
Clausilia (Idyla) strangulata fer........
Clausilia (Idyla) Medbycotti: Zvist......
Clausilia (Idyla) Gennesarethana Z7is¢..
Clansilia Gilta)imoesta tes. vee ee
Clausilia (Papillifera) bidens Zznn......
Clausilia (Herilla) conspurcata Jans....
Clausilia (Alinda) biplicata A/ont.......
Clausilia (Medora) Boissieri Charp.....
Clausilia (Medora) coerulea fer........
Clausilia (Agathylla) deltostoma Lowe. .
Clausilia (Agathylla) Lowei Adbers.....
Clausilia (Agathylla) retusa Olwv.......
Helix Gussoniana Shutt=figulina Parr.
Helix pomatia Laan 3 J. coe it nts
Helix cincta Mull.=vincta McAnd.....
Acayus Muralis Walle... 220.7 ee
Acavus vermiculatus Mill. ... 00.6660.

Acavus nemoralis Zann. var. hybrida...
Acavus lacteus J/iil/.=Canarensis Jan. .
Acavus lactens. Auli. is. ctteeste.
Cochlea aperta Dorie. oy tee tk eae
@ochlea consobrina Per Jasii 22 i seni ss
©. puncticulata S’y.=Bowditchiana Ler.
Parthenia excavata Phil) .255)55iee523
Parthenia interstincta dfont...........
Dentellaria Boissiert lo). 2e% beg oe
Dent. Glasiana Shutt.=pellis-lacerti L’ve.
Macrocyclis Jebusitica Jtothe..........
Vallonia pulchella Afi... oj. se wee
Polygyra lentiowhinmyPen. joc ie

TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

British.
British.
British.
British. at
British.
British.
British.
British.
Nizza.
Attica (Trist.).
Lebanon (Trist.).
Galilee (Trist.).
Near Sea of Galilee (Trist.).
Central Palestine (Trist.).
Malta. |
Dalmatia.
Kent.
Lebanon (Trist.).
Syra (Trist.).
Dezertas (McAnd.).
Porto Santo (McAnd.).
Malta.
Jerusalem (Trist.).
British.
Smyrna (Trist.).
taly.
Dalmatia. |
British. 3
Canaries (Morch.). — |
Malaga.
Dalmatia.
Canaries (Morch.).
Madeira (McAnd.).
British.
British.
Wilderness of Judea.
Canaries (Morch.).
Gennesaret.
British.
Ephesus.

EvuRoPEAN SHELLS. ~ 49

Polygyra barbula Charp.c..... ssc eens Vigo (McAnd.).
Pierns cariosus Ola ues csi dca aes Judea (Trist:).
Paeeus Ramm... SOS vei car Lebanon (Trist.).
Iberus elegans Gml.=terristris Chem... Spain.
Pierus frochoides L00P 2... i. .kceoece Dalmatia.
“Iberns —— Sp. INGroe yt ou. 4 es sauce Valeneia.
Tberus Spe TELA LE cc, Gijon.
Campyleea trizbona Ziegl.............. Dalmatia.
Arianta prophetarum Sorey........... Dead Sea (Trist.).
Arianta candidissima Drap............ Jericho (Trist.).
Ochthephila abjecta Zowe............. Porto Santo.
Ochthephila armillata Zowe........... Madeira.
Ochthephila paupercula Lowe.......... Madeira.
Ochthephila Madeirensis Wood......... Madeira.
Pay eromia SyTiaca: FFL eae ks Palestine (Trist.).
Hyeromia hispida Anise. 1... 28 ss British.
Hygromia sericea Drap... sis). c0.02%. British.
Hygromia Cantiana Mont. ............ British.
reba Pisana Aa OMI. cere ieee terete British.
PP eboa: pis IGE so s.i. ta ro din te rare b's Canaries (Morch.).
Theba eaperata. Montini er ec eee British.
T. ? caperata var. (passing into virgata).. Is. Syra (Trist.).
Theba virgata ta Costa. 6 ei eseie nares British.
hepa virgata Da Costa.) ooo 3c o.n- Dalmatia.
ena apieinad Ganga yan. +> ou ancy sine « Nizza.
Theba alboranensis W. @ 2. ..........- Canaries (Morch.).
mea wimulata Pele mn ee Canaries (Morch.).
ihewa cespitum, 12g. svar... ..isio..5 4. <- Athens (P. P. C.).
me tebs subrostrata: LCP sia... oc. cc eens na - Athens.
eos traticumn Serie... ilk tle Marbury.
Pieba mibiaiuscnla SUye4 ek. eek sas Dezertas.
Theba comspurcata Jrap......-....45; Nizza.
Theba hierochundica Bourg........... Jericho (Trist.).
Meha melatina Puch... .$ hiss ee Beersheba (Trist).
Miteos oeclyeni Adchs<. .. 5.02.25 <a Sinai.
we iheba protea Zvcgl ig hth 425k 203 s14-F Carmel (Trist.).
2d Sub-order— Limnophila.
Carychinm minimum A/ill............ British.
Conovulus denticulatus Mont.......... British.

Leuconia bidentatus Wont......... awe UbPItiSh.

7

50 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Leuconia ? Se) ees Cal ee Loeal. ?
Limnens truncatulus J/dll........2.... British.
Limneus glaber WWallimte ts... se. es British.
Limneus stagnalis Zonn............05 British.
Limnens pereger’ Aletha. eee a ees British.
Limneus palustris Lonnie, .......25285 British.
Limneus Vahlii Leck. var. Pingelii..... Greenland (Morch.).
Amphipeplea glutinosa Wilss.......... Cambridge.
Aplexus hypnorum Zinn....... le aren British.
Planorbis corméws’ Lenmar. <6. ss 254s France.
Planorbis carinatus Mall.............. British.
Planorbis marginatus Dr. v. complanatus British.
Planorbis albus (W/Aialh 2.25 vs vate Hesse.
Planorbis ¢ albus AGW, «oo 6 «05 kaye Smyrna (Trist.).
Planorbis mitidts Age sae see ones - British.
Planorbis vortex Zonmiiadh -. 2... ape British.
Planorbis spirorbis Linn.=vortex var.

NC ies what. Cae BEL se tine a bun eras British.
Planorbis contortus Zann .... 25.06 55s British.
Planorbis glaber Jeffr. (fossil) ......... Worcestershire.
Planorbis nautilens Zann: «6 ....000055- British,
Spirorbis cranulatusee ol «<4 aber s ees Scarborough.
Spirorbis nautilordessi vgn. oz.<0:.,,cums.ae Searborough
Segmentina lineatasWalkl «2 ...50024-. British.
mney lis Huviatilis, pe ee ck 48 con «) British.
AMCY Ns ODlOMeMeWIOnO Na. ses 4 a British.

2d Order—OPERCULATA.
Cyclostoma elegans J/iill............4. British.
Cyclostoma elegans Afiill.............. Nice.
Pomatias maculatus, Drap.......2...0- Mediterranean.
omatias cbecurus, Lapel. 02)... an Mediterranean.
Truneatella Montagui Lowe. .......... British.
Truneatella Montagui Lowe, var. ...... Gibralter.
Assimines Grayana tii, si... . wus sce British.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

1st Order—PHOLADACEA.
Wactylina dacty lus Pig e. «<< «roe means British.
Barnea candida Leng ipeay. sv). 0 sss eves) EDISIBEE,

Evropran SHELLS. a

Xylophaga dorsalis Zurt............. (W. Bean).
Paroles crispata vig W.). .... . s.'. su British.
Xylotrya Stutchburyi Zeach........... (W. Bean).
Peredo megotara:Manhs!. 2.2.2... 40) (W. Bean).
Gastrochena modiolina Zam.......... (W. Bean).
Peatella siliqua J.ggyiiiis. 2... oo n'a me British.
Pineatella ensis, Ligggh cca)... o-o.0 0, neesiecce British.
Ceratisolen legumen Zann. ........ 0.4. - British.
Solecurtus coarctatus Gmel............ Palermo.
amieava ablica, Laem se Be... accesses British.
Saxicava arctica var. pholadis......... Dalmatia.
Ertcava Tucosa /.4lateye. cena isis ieee s British.
Saxicava rugosa Linn. (fossil)....... .... Uddevalla.
EES aTUNCSN RS 5°77) ee ee British.
Morbula nucleus Zagaijicil.....5.5.555: British.
Carbnla nucleus /apmiiidl. .... 4.54.55. Mediterranean.
Sphenia Binghami Zurt........ boise? British.
Feriploma practente (dit. ... 5... 5.5. British.
Lyonsia Norwejica Chemn............ (W. Bean).
Thracia phaseolina Lam:............-. British.

. Thracia villosiuseula Macgil........... British.
Marge distorte, ,Mogised........-+-5 +. (W. Bean).
Pondora rosttata, Wamysie i... ......5- (W. Bean).
mandora obtusa Legehn. .... 25.4.5. (W. Bean).

2d Order—VENERACEHA.
Maetra ctiltorman gets 6 o.oo. soe wo British.
Seiwa elliptica Anodmdis 22 /Fr4 ot. (W. Bean).
Spiula truncata, JMéoneils cere ss es ee British.
Spisula sabtruncata Wont.:.....::.... (W. Bean).
emicuia solida rns Mst ose ss 2k} . British.
Wuittaria ellivties Pdmahlt. 2.2. 2.25... British.
Ecammobia tellinella Zom.:.:.... 5.4. British.
Psammobia Ferroensis Chemn......... British.
Psammobia vespertina Chemn.......... British.
Arcopagia trassa Pen... .........2-- (W. Bean).
memeilns in¢armata<2ann. ..4.. 6.6. ~.+. British.
Angulus fabula Gronov.............-- British.
Tellina (Tellinella) pulchella Zam...... Spain.

Tellina (Tellinella) serrata Broc........ Mediterranean.

52 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

Tellina (Moora) idistortayPols..........'stra. Smyrna.
Tellina (Mcera) donacina Zinn......... (W. Bean).
Tellina (Peronsea) nitida Polt.......... Mediterranean.
Tellina (Donacilla) cornea; Pole........ Dalmatia.
Macoma tenis: DG iCOSfa) 0.6 sina dae Corunna.
Macoma solidula Fadgwn.....'....+ oo «, doritish,
Macoma subulosa Spenge............-.. Greenland.
Gastrana fragilis 2 Gg een. esis. a ora es os she (W. Bean).
Gastrana fragilis; Dag 6s. .2<.00%+ > Palermo.
Donmax truncilus Pape Heys cy .cssevancasace scene Naples.
Donax anatinusy Wea et. od oa. adele British.
‘Donax politas: ol Sele, sraiiciacsthtelae Naples.
> Eueinopsis mndatawenms)'......,..a14 British.
Dosinia exoleta Lint. iv... .00. pana Vigo, Spain.
Scrobicularia piperata Gmel........... British.
Syndosmiya albawWeod Bie) oo we oe oo eo ove British.
Syndosmya prismatica Mont........... British.
Ervilia castanea, Monteti. 2.5 cecece sce Faro (McAnd.).
Venus verrucosa iaemietis) aoc esate oe British.
NV ems MEAS it. aI Rane Laie aoe a 2 nee British.
Chione fasciata:: 4. AGRA Yl OTT. Es British and Vigo.
Chione) striatulay W0on00N.).. 2. 4 oo) 5 anes British. |
Chitoneveallime: Aaa its hos 'e oe nino = gered Mediterranean.
Chione ovata Penn..... SY Mae an Gelariar kn British.
Circe; marminia Monit waite ss og en eae British. :
Calista .chiomew ein ee ott. 2 . 2 60s 30. british. | |
Callista: venetiamasWi@m@es of, . ove ow on Mediterranean. |
Dosimia lincta Auer Gay de he site ee wee British. |
Mapes aurea Gaielat eee. . s\n’. > x ~ «ehh British. |
Tapes virginea Linn. .......+. pen ee British. ||
Mapes Wdeetissata gwen 6.0. o "so a ee" British.
Tapes pullastia ieee est 0... se Ne British. |
Venerupis- iris: Laegek oe 6 ose wwe (W. Bean). |
Cyprina Islandica Wienmi..........\). as British. |
Cyclas pisidioides Grogs |.......... 26 Bristol.
Cyelas calicnlatawimap ll joo... sus ne ois British. ;
sa@yclas corned, Dragte a space a eos 2 os British.
Cyclas ovalis Aer.=pallida Gray...... British.
Cyclassrevicola Leaaieeiasie.. oc us p's mob balk British.

Pisidium amanieumei Weil. oo oes an neces British.

EUROPEAN SHELLS. 53

Pisidium Henolowianum (fossil)........ Worcestershire.

Pisidium pusillum Jen........ veewos: British.

Pisidium cinereum Ald... ... 560s. 66: British.

Pasa Nitidyin Fei!) sk. ssa es ss British.

Cardium Norvegicum Spengl.......... British.

Demin ECHMAtUM, gid. 5) 4s 534s beds British.

Barc edule alt os. see sSe British.

Cardium paucicostatum Sby........... Mediterranean.

Mardinm suecicum 10")... 2.2). - British.

Cardium Suecicum Zov.....-......-.. Norway.

Sardiam ciliatum “FW06.") .°.'.'. 5% ).'s's e's: Greenland.

Pardiam pyemenny Pom)... 5...’ British.

Cardium nodosum TJurt........... .... Searborough,

Cardinm rusticum. Lamm... . 0... ce: British.

Wardium fasciatuni Mont... . 2. ree. British.

Cardium papillosum Polt............. Mediterranean.

Venericardia aculeata Phil............ Gibralter (McAndrew).

Venericardia trapezia Brug............ Malta.

Venericardia suleata Lam............. Gibralter (McAnd.).
; 3d Order—LUCINACEA.

Lucina (Cyclas) divaricata Zinn........ Athens (McAnd.).

Lucina (Cycelas) digitalis Zinn......... Gibralter (McAnd.).

Bacma borealis Linge. +:2 3.2502. ae British.

uema rneiera A7ail. yee. i. es os oes Loe. ?

Myrtza spinifera Mont..............:; (W. Bean).

Cryptodon flexuosus Mont............ (W. Bean)...

Cryptodon ferruginosus............... (W. Bean),

Diplodonta rotundata Mont. .......... (W. Bean).

Kellia suborbicularis A/ont............. British.

ythina corbuloides Phat... 0.52... Gibralter (McAnd.).

Cyamium antarcticum PAd............ Magellan Straits.

Cyamium minutum O. Fabr........... British.

Purtenia purpurea Mont. :.-0 0:6. ss British.

Lepton squamosum Mont. ............ (W. Bean).

Reaian aihidums 279. «<2 <0 e's 613% Lambash.

Tellimya bidentata Mont.............. British.

Tellimya ferruginosa Mont............ (W. Bean).

Astarte crebristriata Forbs............ Finmark (McAnd.).

Actarte suleata Da Costes 2. oc. oes coo British.

54 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Astarte semisulcata ?=arctica var. Leach. Iceland.

Astarte triangularis Mont. ............ Gibralter (McAnd.).

Astarte triangularis var. minutissima... British.

Astarte elliptica <. eMPMer axes S82 595) Greenland.

Astarte compressa J/ont........ eae Norway (McAnd.).

Astarte striata Leacmateertsi virial ey Greenland.

Gouldia minima Moneys sess 2 826: Villafranea.

Cardita ealyeulata "Lote? os vc ek eee Sicily.

Unio litoralisy Lance ws PP eet ia ee: Cordova.

Unio tumidus: ecsP wre ree fs ee Pes ‘British.

Unio pictorum Winners 2 e 80 22s: British. |

Mytilus edulis: Lennie ety Se British.

Mytilus minimnsyroleres. «lenses: ee a Mediterranean.

Mytilus SD. PACE Os se a eats 2s Mediterranean.

Crenella decussata Afont........... 7¢ british.

Crenella decussata dfont.............. Greenland.

Crenella ‘faba Labrie ON lesa oe eee Greenland.

Crenella marmorata Jorbes............ British.

Crenella (Modiolaria) discors Zinn...... British.

Crenella (Modiolaria) discors Zinn...... Finmark (McAnd.).

Wociols, parbatat 2 ie pacers. 6 velaerse cle British.

Modiola, phaseolia, 72 0el.93 040 st: oie « Norway (McAnd.).

Modiola tulipa Han. ee. ects lee se British.

iIModiola modiolus vias. ccc. 05 «see British.

Modiola costulata D’ Orb. non /visso.... Canaries (McAnd.),

Dreissena polymorpha Padlas.......... British. |
4th Order—PECTINACEHA. |

yiesoarca, INO IZ ss eclias te sec dea Mediterranean.

ibyesoarea teLromona. Lore. how, a. a British. :

Barbatia lacteayl7n7. 02.220 02..0 22. British. :

arbatialactea “Lana o... 6th. loa hs Dalmatia. |

Barbatia barbata Zinn.............00- Cadiz (McAnd.).

Pectunculus glycimeris Zinn.......... British.

Pectunculus violascens Zinn........:. Mediterranean.

Nucula tenuis A/ont....... Rete eeaneie ee Scotland (McAnd.).

Nueula muclens Siac. sete 2 oe Le British.

Nema mitida NGG ee het int ee sels atk Mediterranean.

Mirculd radiata Wainer wail felt. toe British.

edasminuta’ wi7Gle. eee tee ee foe Greenland.

S.-i

EUROPEAN SHELLS.

Leda pella Zinn.=emarginata Lam.... Smyrna.

weaidia prom Mont. 2. oi. eae ees Hebrides (McAnd.).

Migidia lucida A1Gnd:. 256 6 0's ois esa ie ove Norway (McAnd.).

Pecten opercularis Linn.............. British.

Peron tiorinus Will... eee ee ee es British.

Peren Waris Jani. . 66.5.2 oe ee British.

Janira maximus Lenn. (jun.).......... British.

famamites pugio P'enn....<.... caassss British.

Pama OSCOMD SOY. c. 6 caes ee eis British.

MPa UME IRE eid aS eka 8 on British.

Limatula subauriculata Mont.......... British.

Anomia.ephippium Linn. ............ British.

Placunanomia patelliformis Zinn...... (W. Bean).

BRACHIOPODA.

Terebratulina caput-serpentis Zinn..... British.

Waldheimia cranium Gmel............ Loe. ?

Wremia amomola Mill... 6.5... sees. British.
ECHINODERMETA.

eieeaiie Wiliaris oc... ee Ps os 6 ek os nals Scarborough.

Pemapmig@oObus TOSCHS 5 Ue! ee ee Scarborough.

Eehinocyanus pusillus................ British.

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REPORT OF THE BOTANIST.

S. B. Wootworrn, LL. D.,
Secretary of the Regents:

Sir.—Since the date of my last report, specimens of three hundred
and twenty-four species of plants have been poisoned and mounted,
three hundred and sixteen of which were not before represented in
the Herbarium. For want of room in the Herbarium case, only a
part of these have been placed therein. A list of the specimens
mounted is marked (1).

Specimens have been collected in the counties oe Albany, Alle-
gany, Cattaraugus, Essex, Orange, Putnam, Rensselaer, Schuyler,
Seneca and Wayne, representing two hundred and twenty-two
species new to the State. Of these, one hundred are regarded as
new or undescribed species. A list of specimens collected is marked
(2). This does not include new varieties and duplicate specimens of
species before reported. Of these, a considerable number of speci-
mens have been collected. |

Specimens representing thirty-one species new to the State, and
not among my collections of the past season, have been received from
correspondents. They were collected in the counties of Dutchess,
Erie, Greene, Kings, Suffolk, Rockland and Ulster. If these be
added to those of my own collecting, the total number of additions
to the flora of the State, the past season, becomes two hundred and
fifty-three species. ‘This number is smaller than those of previous
years, and having been attained without any diminution of diligence
or relaxation of effort, it indicates considerable progress toward the
full representation of our flora by specimens in the State Herbarium.

A classified statement of the number of added species is given
below:

8

58 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MuSUEM.

New to the New to

State. Science.
(| Flowering plants.... 2 iL
Wallceted (0a ae : Le eRe 5 chi a :
in oa. cee eee 211 96
Total ., a) aMleaekilh oh acl’: Gan Wea 992} 100
_ {| Flowering plants.... ‘bid (olin Hegel
Contributed «2.2... tice an
(ig Re GAT ors MRR gre Vacs 6 20 2
Totalavas deltas! Cl atell, Do ae wsdl ada mo
Oe a a "253 | 102

Specimens have been received of a considerable number of extra-
limital species. A list of these, together with the other contributions
and of the contributors, is ioe (3). |

New species and deser iptions thereof, es unreported
species, remarkable varieties and observations, are given in a section
marked (4). :

The large and interesting genus Puccinia is represented in our
State by forty species. Of these, several are new and of others only
brief and unsatisfactory descriptions have been published, and none
of the descriptions that I have seen give the dimensions of the spores.
It has been thought desirable, therefore, to give a full synopsis of our
species. This is marked (5). It is illustrated by drawings of the
magnified spores of all the species. é

The work of making colored sketches of the fleshy fungi as fast as
collected has been continued and in some cases extended to the
microscopic species and the details of their fructification. The num-
ber of species figured is sixty-three.

A marked deficiency in the production of ee and other fleshy
fungi the past season has been reported to me by several correspond-
ents. The season has not been excessively dry except in the western
part of the State, and I am at a loss to know to what cause to attri-
bute this result. The prevailing low temperature doubtless had
some influence in producing the scarcity, but this alone is scarcely a
sufficient cause.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST.

(1)
SPECIES OF WHICH SPECIMENS HAVE BEEN MOUNTED.

Nor New ro rae Herpartum. | Agaricus Schumacheri J”.

Lechea Novee-Cesareze A wst.
Rubus strigosus J/x.
Aristolochia Serpentaria Z.
Pinus resinosa Adz.

Juncus alp. v. insignis /7.
Bromus ciliatus Z.
Cystopteris fragilis Bernh.

Botrychium lanceolatum Angst.

New to tHE Herparium.
Corydalis flavula af.
Nasturtium sylvestre 22. Br.
Barbarea preecox /. Lr.
Viola primuleefolia ZL.

Silene inflata Smzth.
Linum striatum Walt.
Galactia mollis J/z.
Coronilla varia DC.
Crategus parvifolia Azz.
Oxalis corniculata Z.
Lythrum Hyssopifolia Z.
Frangula Caroliniana Gr.
Fedia radiata J/x.

ip umbilicata Sudlw.
Crepis virens ZL.
Eupatorium pubescens J/uAl.
Mentha aquatica Z.
Carex capillaris Z.

Aspidium aculeatum Sz.

A. Thelypteris Sz.
Sticta crocata L.

Cetraria Pinastri Ach.
Biatora exigua Chawb.

ise lucida Ach.
Coniocybe furfuracea Z..
Umbilicaria Pennsylvanica

Hoffn.

Pyrenula leucoplaca Tuck.
Leptogium pulchellam /Vy/.
Collema pulposum Bernh.
Ephebe pubescens #7.
Agaricus volvatus P&.

A. rubescens Pers.

A. chrysenteroides P&.
A. equestris L.

Bs Fe eg, a: ae ea PF ee Be > Pie De bm De De Be

fragrans Sow.
Calathus Buzh.
Hoftfmani Ps.
marmoreus P4#.
spinulifer Pk.
similis Pk.
clusilis 77.
pyxidatus Bull.
Leaianus Berk.

Tintinnabulum /”?.

hematopus Pers.
leptophyllus P&.
fibuloides P%.
ulmarius Sdw.
Ascophorus Pk.
excedens Pk.
variabilis Pe7's.
haustellaris 77.
Greigensis Pk.
zonatus Pk.
Sienna Pk.
lilacinus P&.
ectypoides PA.
Trentonensis Pk.
porrigens Pers.
admirabilis Pé.
delicatulus P%.
Clintonianus P&.
asprellus /7.
conicus Pk.
Seymouranus P.
sericellus 7.
Woodianus Ph.
seabrosus 7.
Grayanus Pk.

Noveboracensis Pk.

abortivus B. & C.

bombycinus Scheff’.

Highlandensis P&.
mollis Scheff.
dorsalis Pk.
mutatus P&.
illicitus PA.
heteroclitus 77.
Aggericola Pk.

60 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM. |

Agaricus flammans /’7.
squarrosus Jill.

A salmoneus Pé.

A. cuspidatus P2.

A. * Limicola Pk.

A eximius P&.

A. odoratus Pk.

Bolbitius nobilis P&é.

Coprinus semilanatus PA.

C. atramentarius Bull.

C. radiatus Bolt.

C. silvaticus P&.

Cortinarius evernius /’7.

C. corrugatus P&.

C. bolaris Pers.

C. asper Pk.

C. olivarius P&.

Cantharellus cinereus /7.

Plicatura Alni PA.

Hygrophorus letus £7.

H. puniceus L7.

H. psittacinus Lr.

H. miniatus F?.

Gomphidius viscidus /7.

Lactarius cinereus P.

angustissimus Lasch.

L serifluus /7.

i: Chelidonium P.
1B; fumosus P2.

L. insulsus /7.

lk trivialis 7.

| Russula rubra /7.

Ri Maris Pé.

ie virescens 7:

RR. simillima PA.
Paxillus involutus /7.
re atrotomentosus Fy.
Marasmius filopes P&.
M. pulcherripes PA.
M. papillatus P2.
M. = -candidus £7.

M. decurrens Pk.
M. perforans J’.

M. striatipes Pk.
Panus salicinus P24.
Craterellus lntescens /7.
Boletus gracilis Pk.’

, Ae bicolor Pk.
Polyporus poripes /7.
P. glomeratus Pk.

Polyporus velutinus /’.

ae elongatus Berk.
Pr. Vaillantii 7.
FP. Corticola /7.
Pr Viticola F7.
Pp. fumosus /7.
ee cesius 7.

des zonatus L%,

P.

vesiculosus B. & C.
Trametes sepium Lerk.
Hydnum zonatum /7.

Jol ferrugineum //7.

Jel: -pithyophilum BG)
Odontia fimbriata 7.
Kneiftia setigera /7.

K. ecandidissima B. & C.
Phlebia radiata 7”.

P. zonata B. & C.
Guepinia Spathularia “7.
Corticium salicinum /7.

C. Liquidambaris B. & C.
C. incarnatum /7.

C. Auberianum ont.

C. Rubicola B. & C.
Stereum rugosum /7.

S. albobadium Schw.

S. Curtisii Berk.
Thelephora sebacea /7.

ie caryophyllea fr.

fits coralloides “7.

li palmata /7.

Tt tuberosa 7.

Clavaria flava Ar.

C fragilis [olmshk.
C argillacea 7.
C trichopus Pers.
C cinerea Ball.
C. mucida Pers.
C. — Kunzei #7.

C spinulosa Pers.
C crispula 7.

C apiculata 7.

C tetragona Schw.
C pistillaris /.
Calocera cornea Fr.
ee palmata 7.

©. viscosa LP,
Tremella foliacea Pers.
Neematelia atrata Pk.
N. nucleata £7.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 61

Phallus impudicus 7’.
Cyathus striatus Hoff.
Geaster minimus Schw.
Lycoperdon molle Pers.
atropurpureum Vdd.
L. subinearnatum Pk.
Dictydium magnum P%.
Didymium squamulosum A.&S.
Arcyria punicea Pers.
Stemonitis fusca J2oth.
Trichia pyriformis /Zoffm.
chrysosperma DC.
a varia Pers.
: Serpula Pers.
Phoma Menispermi P.
P: longissimum Lerk.
lg ampelinum Lies eC.
Leptostroma vulgare /’.
Sphzeronema OCoryli LP.
pruinosa Pk.
S. acerinum PA.

S. subulatum J.
Spheeropsis pulchella LB. & C.
Menispermi P24.

S. - anomala P&. .
Melanconium bicolor JVees.
Septoria Lobeliz P24.
phlyctenoides LB. & C.
S. Hippocastani BL. & Lr.
Septoria Nabali BL. & C.
S. Erigeronis P&.
Discosia alnea Lib.
Discella obscura B. & C.
Nemaspora Russellii BL. & C.
Cytispora parva L. & C.
C. coryneoides L. & C.
4 OF hyalosperma /7.
C. melasperma 7.
Coryneum clavesporum Pk.
Vermicularia Dematium /7.
Phragmidium obtusum Zk.
Puecinia Convolvuli B. & C.
striola Zk.
Gerardii Pk.
minutula P2.
Pyrole Cooke.
tripustulata Pd.
Galiorum Zk.
Nolitangeris Cd.
ileolaria i ace Ce

MPD HES A hg Ad A

Uromyces Polygoni /uckel.
Ty. Caricis Pk.
U. solida B. & C.
i. appendiculata Lev.
Ustilago Montagnei Zz.
Le “longissima Tul.
Reestelia cornuta Tud.
ans tenue Schw.
Osmorrhize Pk.

x Erigeronatum Schw. .
Thalictri Grev.
Allenii Clinton.
Euph.-hypericifolize Schw.
Menthe DUC.
Tridis Gerard.
Penstemonis Schw.
Berberidis Pers.
Mariz-Wilsoni P.
Urtice DC.
Lecythea Rose Lev.
Trichobasis Labiatarum Lev.
Galii Lev.
TJridicola Pk.
Uredo eecidioides Pk.

5 Aspidiotus P&.
Stilbum Rhois B. & C.
= pellucidum Schrad.
S. giganteum P&.
Fusarium erubescens B. c& C.
Tubercularia nigricans DC.
Oidium fructigenum “ze.
Sepedonium chrysospermum Zk.
Geoglossum luteum PA.
G. microsporum C. & P.
Helvella crispa /7.
Ti suleata A/fz.
Hi. elastica Bull.
ae gracilis Ph.
Nodularia Balsamicola P2#.
Peziza aurantia /?.
Erineum Schw. »
hemispheerica Wegq.
fusca Pers.
mollisioides Schw.
ceeruginosa L?,
vinosa A. & SN.
echinospora Pk.
rubricosa /7?.
rubra Pk.
cariosa Pk.

2 Ba By BY Bs Bs Bs By BBB

iar

UMN int

62 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Peziza Tilie Ph | Hypoxylon concentricum /7, .
P, comata Schw. H. — anthracodes /7”.
legs Persoonii Jong. | Ee. argillaceum 27. _
iE furfuracea 7. | Xylaria corniformis /’.
Nectria Peziza £7. Valsa Pini /7.
Hypocrea floccosa /7. Ve pulchella #7.
Rhizomorpha subcorticalis Pers. | V. salicina Lr.
Hysterium Smilacis Schw. V aculeans Schw.
168 virgultorum Desm. | Spheeria Coptis Schw.
ine pulicare Pers. S. Tilie Pers.

ial. Azalese Schw. Ot Se Sarracenise Schw.
Tympanis alnea Pers. Dothidea Anemones /’.
Cenangium Cerasi £7. D. ° flabellatBy ae"
C. Prunastri /?. D. Pteridis 77.

C. triangulare Schw. D. Sambuci /7.
Sphinctrina Cerasi BL. & C. iD). Ribesia 77.
Hypoxylon Morseii B. & C. EKrineum quercinum “ze.
H. Howeanum PA. E. roserm Schultz.

Report or THE BovTAaNnIsv. 63

(2)
PLANTS COLLECTED.

Se a sn a a a a al a a al ca

Frowerine Pranrs.
Lythrum alatum Pwrsh.
Arceuthobium pusillum P2.

Mosses.

Orthotrichum Peckii S. & Z.

i: sordidum S. & Z.
Polytrichum strictum JZenz.
Hypnum Peckii Avwst.

LicuEns.
Placodium elegans LA.
Biatora decolorans /Zoffin.
Pannaria nigra Huds.
P: erassophylla Z’uck.
Arthonia spectabilis /ot.

Funct.
garicus russuloides P.
illinitus 77.
hordus 7.
virescens Pk.-
decorosus PA.
multipunctus P2.
sinopicus /7.
fallax Pk.
succosus Pk.
myriadophyllus P2é.
pelianthinus #7.
minutulus Pk.
subceruleus P&.
roseocandidus P4%.
debilis Budd.
roridus /7.
pterigenus 77.
olivarius PA.
gracillimus Ween.

oo

putrigena BL. & C.
albocrenulatus P2.
Acericola Pk.
discolor Pk.

squamosus FA’.
saccharinophilus PA.
_ hirtosquamulosus P&.

sterilomarginatus PA.

pallidomarginatus Pk.

Sleek cick

Agaricus hiaseens 7.
Coprinus variegatus P#.
Hygrophorus chlorophanus 7.
Marasmius semihirtipes PA.
M. umbonatus PA.

M. languidus Lr.
Lentinus tigrinus Bull.

L. vulpinus /7,

L. heematopus Lerk.
Hydnum strigosum Swartz.
Boletus separans PA.

B. affinis Pk.

B. modestus Pk.

B. castaneus Lull.
Polyporus resinosus /7.

Pa picipes #7.

Merulius lacrymans Fr.
Craterellus ceespitosus PA.
Thelephora anthocephala F’r.
i: pedicellata Schw.
Clavaria rufescens Scheff.

C. pusilla PA.

C. clavata Pk.

Tremella albida Huds.

Ee colorata Pk.

Solenia ochracea Hoffm.
Stemonitis typhoides DC.
Arcyria incarnata Pers.

A, globosa Schw.
Phoma nebulosum Lerk.
Cryptosporium Scirpi PA.
Spheronema truncatum /7.
5: ceespitosum Pk.

S. minutissimum P&.

S. pallidum P&.
Gelatinosporium abietinum PA.
G. betulinum PA&.
Acrospermum compressum Zode.
Spheropsis Malorum Berk.
S. Platani Pk.

S Pericarpii Pk.
quercina Pk.

linearis PA.

iplodia valsoides P&.
peticlaris PA.
Lignicola Pk.

64. TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Hendersonia Platani Pz.

Hi. Sambuci P&.

Darluea filum Cast.

Septoria mirabilis PA.

S. acerina Pk.

S. salicina Pk.

8. ochroleuca B. & C.
Dinemasporium graminum Lev.
D. herbarum Cooke.
Micropera Drupacearum Lev.
Discella carbonacea BL. & Lr.
Stilbospora Staphyleze Schw.
Cheirospora botryospora /7.
Torula alnea P&.
Sporendonema Muscee 77.
Sporidesmium moriforme Px.
Podisoma fuscum Duby.
Gymnosporangium clavipes

ae iP.

Cytispora chrysosperma Pers.
Puccinia pulchella Pd.
arundinacea fHedw.
linearis P&.

obtecta P&.

angustata Pk.

Caricis DC.

Menthe Pers.
Myrrhis Schw.
Mariee-Wilsoni Clinton.
Uroeystis pusilla C. & P.
Uromyees triquetra Cooke.

U. Euphorbie C. & P.
Gymnosporium Arundinis Cd.
Protomyces Erythronii P4&.
Uredo Ledicola Ps.
Peridermium Cerebrum Ph.
Roestelia aurantiaca Pk.
AKcidium erassum Pers.

Vaive Calthe Grev. —

vane Gerardis Pk.

AK. Hypericatum Schw.
LA. Asteratum Schw.
Stilbum tomentosum Schrad.
Atractium flammeum J&A. & R.
Fusarium lateritium JVees.

F, roseum Lh.
Illosporium roseum /7.
Periconia Azaleze Pk.
Sporocybe byssoides #7.

rtd ro hd bd Ag

Clasterisporium pedunculatum
P

Macrosporium Chartarnam Pk.

My Brassicee Berk.

Streptothrix abietina Ph.

Cladosporium epiphyllunr Wees.

Oidium monilioides Lk.

Zygodesmus fuscus Cd.

J, olivaceus Lb. &C. .

Ascophora Mucedo ode.

Spheerotheca Castagnei Lev.

8. pruinosa C. & P.

Podosphera biuncinata C. & P.

Microspheera pulchra C. d& P.

M. diffusa C. & P.

M. extensa C. & P.

M. Hedwigii Lev.

Erysiphe Martii ZA.

Uncinula macrospora Ph.

Ue: circinata C. dé P.

OF Ampelopsidis P.

Vibrissea lutea Ph.
Truncorum /7.

Geoglossum glutinosum Pers.
simile P&

G. microsporum C. & P.

Nodularia Acericola P&.

Patellaria indigotica C. & P.

Helotium epiphyllum #7.

Peziza pellita C. & P.

badia Pers.

vesiculosa Bud.

stercorea Pers.

Resine Fr.

Kalmiz Pk.

leucoloma feb.

nivea L7,

coronata Bull.

Solenia Pk.

Stictis radiata 7.

Cenangium Cephalanthi Schw.

Tympanis conspersa /7.

Rhytisma lineare P2.

R. Andromede /?.

Hysterium ilicinum De Not.

EL. commune /7.

ER scirpinum /’.

isk insidens Schw.

Hypocrea gelatinosa 7.

Xylaria acuta Ph.

en ee

Report or THE BoTAaNISsv. 65

Xylaria filiformis A. & S.

Hypoxylon vernicusum Schw.

Diatrype atropunctata Schw.
1): discreta Schw.

D. betulina Pk. |
Dothidea Kalmis Ps.
Eutypa lata Zul.
Melanconis elliptica Px.
Valsa ambiens /7?.
thelebola 7.
Platani Schw.
Vitis Schw.
Colliculus Wormsk.
Alni Pk.

truncata (. & P.
quaternata /’.

<dasd4<35

profusa 7’.
Massaria Argus Z'wl.
Spheeria hirsuta £7.

hapaloeystis BL. d& Br.

ees bombarda Latsch.
moriformis Zode.
pulveracea Lhrh.
salicella /?.
Ramulicola 7%.
Vaccinicola Schw.
Pezizula B. & C.
lilacina Schw.
rubella Pers.
eccentrica C. & P.
Petiolorum Schw.
Kalmiarum Schw.
melanostyla 7.
Fraxicola Schw.
leucoplaca BL. & LP.
pheerella spleniata C. & P.
7enturia pulchella C. & P.
orbicula C. & P.
compacta Pk.

APALAARDDEPDDDD DY

a

66 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

(3)
CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS.

Miss 8. P. Monxs, Cold Spring, N. Y.

Asplenium Rutamurarie Z.

Miss E. Barury, Albany, N. Y.

Utricularia vulgaris Z.

Miss M. L. Witson, Buffalo, N. Y.

Pyrenula lencoplaca Awd. Arthonia spectabilis /7ot.
Pannaria nigra Vy. Verrucaria, papillosa Ach.
a triptophylla Ach. Rinodina ascociscana Tuck.
Gyalecta cupularis Scher. Collema pulposum Ach.

EK. L. Hanxenson, Newark, N. Y.

Cherophyllum procumbens Zam. | Carex Careyana Dew.

\

S. N. Cowzss, Otisco, N. Y.

Carex capillaris v. elongata Olney.| Botrychium simplex Hitch.

R. P. Wurrrreip, Albany, N. Y.

Lactarius Indigo Schw.

J. A. Linryer, Albany, Ne

Peridermium Cerebrum Ph.

Munson Pecx, Sandlake, N. Y.

Clavaria rufescens Scheff.

E. 8S. Mirter, Wading River, N. Y.

Utricularia striata Lee.
ie purpurea Walt.

Sagittaria graminea Jw.

Rhynchospora macrostachya
Torr.
Eleocharis Robbinsii Oakes.

Rev. J. L. ZABRISKIE, New Baltimore, N. Y.

Urocystis occulta Preuss.
Puceinia variabilis Grev.
Reestelia aurantiaca PA.

Dinemasporium graminum Lev,

Erysiphe Martii ZA.

REPoRT or THE BoTANIST.

67

Verpianck Corvin, Albany, N. Y.

Cornus Canadensis Z.
Opuntia Rafinesquii Angel.
Artemisia frigida W7dld.

| Polygonum amphibium Z.

Limnanthemum lacunosum G'77s.
Boutelona oligostachya Torr.

K.-C. Hower, M. D., New Baltimore, N. Y.

Acnida eannabina Z.
Rumex orbiculatus G7.
R: Patientia Z.
Biatora russula AZont.
Puecinia Menthe Pers.
. Polygonorum ZA.

Gymnosporangium Juniperi Zk.
G. clavipes 0. & P.
Podisoma fuscum Duby.
Hendersonia Robinize West.
Clasterisporium caricinum Schw.
Spheerotheca Castagnei Lev.

Trichobasis Toxicodendri &. & 2.) Podosphera biuncinata C. & P.

Lappa offic. v. tomentosa 7.

W. R. Gerarp, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Agaricus rutilans Scheff.
Microthyrium Smilacis De ot.
Dinemasporium Robinize Gerard.
Darluea filum Cast.

AXcidium Convallariz Schum.
Periconia calicioides Fr.

Oidium simile Berk.

Torrubia ophioglossoides /7.

Diatrype discreta Schw.

Hypoxylon vernicosum Schw.

Hysterium tortile Schw.
commune /?.

Ef: insidens Schw.
i pulicare /7.
EP, vulvatum Sch.

Podospheera biuncinata C. & P.

Hon. G. W. Crinton, Buffalo, N. Y.

Scirpus Clintonii G.

Carex capillaris Z.

‘Equisetum palustre Z.
Merulius lacrymans /7.
Cystopus cubicus Sér.

Onygena equina Pers.
Diatrype Cercidicola BL. & C.
Hypoxylon atropurpureum /7.
Spheerotheca Castagnei Lev.
Microspheera holosericea Lev.

Puccinia Menthe Pers.

2 Prunorum Lk.
Ps Mariz-Wilsoni Clinton.
AXecidium Convallaris Schum.
Dothidea Trifolii #7.
Rhytisma Licis-Canadensis Sch.
Spheeria leucoplaca B. & L.
Uncinula macrospora PA.
ic? Clintonii P&. ‘
Uz Ampelopsidis P&.

Henry Gittman, Detroit, Mich.

Lemna trisulea Z.

| Lemna polyrrhiza Z.

C. F. Austin, Closter, N. J.

Conomitrium Hallianum Sudliv.
Trichostomum lineare Swartz.
Mnium rostratum Schwegr.
Dicranum spurium Hedw.
Hypnum micr. v. anisocarpum

Br, Eu.

Bryum uliginosum brid.

B. Lescurianum Sudliv.
Plagiothecium elegans Hook.
PR: Mullerianum Schp.

Lejeunia hamatifolia Dumort.

68 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

S. T. Otnry, Providence, R. I.

\

By Exchange.

Carex Nuttallit Scho.

C, exilis Dew.
Muskingumensis Schw.
scoparia Schk.
lagopodioides Schk.
albolutescens Schw.
straminea Schk.
silicea Olney.
foenea Welld.
littoralis Schw.
juncea Welld.
panicea L.

Torreyi Zuck.
Hiteheockiana Dev.
Smithii Porter.
virescens J/uhl.
flava Z.

cap. v. elongata Olney.

SGGSeScocnacoace

Ae foie (Nelo! sleleie clea eck:

Carex glabra Loott.
Purshii Olney.
Bebbii Olney.
tenera Dew.
alata Zorr.
Houghtonii Zorr.
filifolia WVwutt.
arenaria ZL.
stricta Lam.
torta Boott.
gynandra Schw.
erinita Lam.
conoidea Schk.
granularis AZwAd.
glancodea Tuck.
extensa Good.
seabrata Schw.
vestita Weld.

University or Norway, Christiana, Norway.

Usnea barbata /7.
Alectoria sarmentosa Ach.
Ramalina fraxinea Ach.
Evernia vulpina Ach.
a: Prunastri AcA.
Cetraria islandica Ach.
C. ‘juniperina Ach.
Sticta pulmonaria Z.
Parmelia saxatilis Ach.
es omphalodes Ach.
ie, conspersa Ach.

Theloschistes parietinus Vorm.
Lecanora pallescens Scher.
L. tartarea Ach.

L. cinerea /7.

L. ventosa Ach.
Cladonia pyxidata 7.

C. rangiferina Hoffm.
Umbilicaria pustulata Z.
i. hyperborea Ach.
We polyphylla Z.
Lepraria chlorina Ach.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 69

(4)

PLANTS FOUND GROWING SPONTANEOUSLY IN THE STATE AND
NOT BEFORE REPORTED.

Lyturum ALAtTUM Pwursh.

Wet places in pastures. West Albany. Probably introduced
from the west.

CH2£ROPHYLLUM PROCUMBENS Lam.
Along the banks of Clyde river near Lyons. Z. Z. Hankenson.

ARCEUTHOBIUM PusILLUM Peck.

Plant scattered or closely gregarious, small, 6”—10” high, simple
or slightly branched, varying in color from olive-green to chestnut ;
leaf-like scales opposite, connate at the base, forming a cup-like
sheath, broad, scarcely pointed; inflorescence dicecious, flowers
terminal and lateral, single in the axils of the scales, sessile, termi-
nal male flower-bud globose, lateral ones compressed, sepals and
stameys three, the latter opposite the former; fruit ovate, subacu-
minate and a little more highly colored toward the apex, nodding
on a shortly exserted peduncle, the seed involved in a viscid
mucus, escaping from the base of the pericarp.

Flowers in spring; fruit mature in autumn. Living branches of
spruce trees, Abzes nigra. Sandlake, Rensselaer county.

The stems of the fruiting plant, and even the fruit itself, in the
dried state, are somewhat quadrangular, but in the fresh state they
are nearly terete. The species {is related to Arceuthobium campylo-
podum Engelm., but is smaller, less branched, with the scales not
cuspidate and the flowers opening earlier in the season. It was
detected near Warrensburgh, Warren county, by Mrs. L. Milling-
ton, a few weeks previous to its discovery in Sandlake, but I have
ae specimens from that locality. Its range is probably north-
ward.

The trees on which it occurs in Sandlake grow on the low peaty
borders of a cranberry marsh. They are few and small and have
short leaves and a bushy starved appearance. Such trees in some
localities are called “ bastard spruce.” I suspect the feeble condi-
tion of the tree to be the occasion not the result of the attack of
the parasite. All the plants, so far as I have observed, grow on
the younger parts of the branches, but never on the young and
tender shoot of the current season. Considering this as the firs¢
internode in our progress from the extremity of an affected branch
toward the trunk whence it has its origin, we shall find, in Sep-
tember, small hemispherical buds just emerging from the bark of
the second, small plants with flower-buds occupying the third and

70 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

full grown plants with mature frnit on the fourth. In noinstance.
were mature fruiting plants found on internodes younger than this.
On the other hand, however, a few rather large and slightly
branched plants were found on the jifth and sixth internodes.
Thus it is evident that this plant requires three seasons for its
entire growth and the perfecting of its fruit. In the first season
the plant emerges from the bark, in the second it forms its flower-
buds, in the third it blossoms, the male plants perishing soon after,
the fertile or female plants enduring until the ripening of the fruit
in autumn. It is possible that the seeds may sometimes germinate
on internodes older than those next to the young shoots of the sea-
son or else that the plant may sometimes continue longer than the
third season as is indicated by the few specimens on the fifth and
sixth internodes. I thought I detected a slight curvature and
prolongation of the pith or central portion of the stem below the
apparent base of the stem, whence it is not improbable that there
is a subcortical or creeping stem which advances with the growth
of the branch from year to year, sending up successive crops of
plants. This would explain most readily ‘the great abundance of
plants and their regular gradation on successive internodes, but I
failed to trace any such subcortical connecting stem.

How are the seeds disseminated? Having ‘visited the locality of
the plant one month subsequent to its discovery in September, I
was a little surprised to find almost no fruit-bearing specimens left.
In their stead were here and there little heaps of fragments of
stems, fruit and seeds all intermingled, adhering to each other and
to the branches by the viscid coating of the seeds, in such a man-
ner as to suggest the idea that some insect or bird had been among
the plants, breaking them down and perhaps feeding upon the fruit.

I have in no instance found both the male and the female plants
on the same branch, nor even on the same tree. If such aremark-
able separation is constant it would be interesting to know the
cause of it.

UrricuLARIA srRiaTra Lec.

Wading River, Long Island. ££. S. Miller. ,

UtrrIcULARIA PURPUREA Walt.

Wading River, L. I. dAfidler.

Rumex Parientia JL.

New Baltimore, Greene county. &. C. Howe.

RuHYNCHOSPORA MACROSTACHYA Torr.

Wading River. JAiller.

ExtrocuaAris Rospinsu Oakes.

Long Pond near Wading River. Af?ler.

Report or THE BoTANIST. 71

Ortuorricuum Peck &. & L., ined.

Stems tufted, simple or sparingly divided, 4°-6" high; leaves
lanceolate, acute, costate to the apex, recurved on the margins,
minutely papillose; areolation subrotund above, quadrate below ;
capsule terminal, subimmersed, oblong, eight-ribbed and yellowish-
brown when dry; peristome single, teeth eight, divided to the base,
the parts sometimes separating and appearing like sixteen distinct

teeth; calyptra tawny, pilose with long hyaline dentate hairs;
spores subglobose, rough, .0005’—.0006’ in diameter.

Damp, shaded rocks. Helderberg Mts. June.

This moss usually presents. a sordid, uninviting appearance.
The foliage is dark green or blackish, and is often incrusted by
minute alge.

OrtHoTRIcHUM sorpIpUM S. &@ L., ened.

Trees. Sharon Springs. June.

This plant is larger than O. Ohioense 8. & L-» (formerly O.
Canadense), and more branched. The dry capsule is pale yellow
as in that species, ribbed and slightly contracted below the mouth,
with the peristome double. Our specimens are not in proper con-
dition for full description.

PotytrRicHuM srrictum MMenz.

Swamps and summits of the Adirondack Mts. June and July.
This was formerly deemed a variety of P. juniperinum, but it
is now regarded by most bryologists as a good species.

*

Hypnum Prox Austin n. sp.

“Qzespites cineraceo vel lete virides. Caulis tenuis, strictus,
vage vel subpinnatim ramosus, late ceespitosus, prostratus, inter-
textus, fragilis. Folia conferta, e basi anguste lanceolata erectaque
longe filiformi-acuminata, leniter falcata vel substricta ; acumine
flexuoso summo apice serrato varie directo, basis angulis rotundatis,
haud excavatis, subrotundo-areolatis; areolis ceteris oblongis line-
aribusve, omnibus minutis valde chlorophyllosis ; costa in acumen
producta. Flores monoico-polygami; folia perichetialia externa
costata, haud sulcata (juvenilia), intima minuta, angustissima,
ecostata. Flos masce. parce paraphysata, foem. eparaphysata.
Folia perigonialia subseque lata ac longa, apice abruptissime fili-
formi attenuata, distinctius costata. Fructus ignotus.’ Austin
MS.

Rocks in Panther Gorge, at the eastern base of Mt. Marcy. July.

This moss, by its prostrate and closely entangled mode of

72 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

growth, forms a thin carpet over the surface of the rocks. The
stems are slender and quite fragile, and the leaves, which some-
what resemble those of H. wncinatum in outline, are much more
straight and appressed.

LEJEUNIA HAMATIFOLIA Dumort.
Rocks in rivulets. Rockland county. Austin.

PLACODIUM ELEGANS Lk.

Rocks. Helderberg Mts. May.

PAnnarRia nicrA WVyl.
Rocks. Buffalo. dfess Welson. Spring Valley. Austin.
Walls of Ft. Putnam, West Point. June.

PANNARIA CRASSOPHYLLA Tuck.
Rocks. Adirondack Mts., near the outlet of Lower Ausable
Lake. July. A very rare species.

PANNARIA TRIPTOPHYLLA Ach.

Rocks. Buffalo. diss Welson.

Bratrora DECOLORANS Loffm.
Thin soil covering rocks. Dix’s Peak and Mt. McIntyre. July.

Briarora russuLa Mont.
Bark of maple trees. New Baltimore. Howe.

Rinopina Ascociscana Zuck.
Bark of trees. Buffalo. Miss Wealson.

ARTHONIA SPECTABILIS Jot.
Bark of trees. Buffalo. J/tss Wilson. Portville.

V ERRUCARIA PAPILLOSA ACh.

Rocks. Buffalo. Idiss Wilson.

Agaricus (AmAntra) RussuLoiwEs Pech.*

Pileus at first ovate, then expanded or convex, rough with a few
superficial warts, or entirely smooth, viscid when moist, widely
striate-tuberculate on the margin, pale yellow or straw color;
lamellee close, free, narrowed toward the stem, white; stem firm,
smooth, stuffed, annulate, equal or slightly tapering upward, bul-

* The species to which the author’s name is appended have been published in the Bulletin of the
Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, vol. 1, pp. 41-72.

Repor? or THE BoraNnisv. 73

bous; annulus thin, soon vanishing; volva fragile, subappressed ;
* spores broadly elliptical, .0004’ long, .0003’ broad..
Plant 2'—3' high, pileus 1.5’-2' broad, stem 3’—-5” thick.
Grassy ground in open woods. Greenbush. June.

This species is remarkable for the thin striate-tuberculate margin
of the pileus, which causes it to resemble some species of Russula.

AGARICUS ILLINITUS £7.

Ground in woods. North Elba, Essex county. July.
This is the variety with a smooth margin.

Agaricus (TRIcHOLOMA) DEcoRosus Pech.

Pileus firm, at first hemispherical, then convex or expanded,
coated with numerous brownish subsquarrose tomentose scales,
dull ochraceous or tawny; lamelle close, rounded and slightly
emarginate at the inner extremity, the edge subcrenulate; stem
solid, equal or slightly tapering upward, white and smooth at the
top, elsewhere tomentose-scaly and colored like the pileus; spores
broadly elliptical, .0002’ long, .00015’ broad.

Plant subceespitose, 2’-4’ high, pileus 1-2’ broad, stem 27/4”
thick.

Rtotten logs in woods. Catskill Mts. and Rock City, Allegany
county. September and October. (Plate 1, figs. 1-4.)

This is a fine species but not common. The margin of the
pileus sometimes extends beyond the lamelle.

Agaricus (TRIcHOLoMA) MuLTIPUNCTUS Peck.

Pileus fleshy, not thick, brittle, broadly convex, sometimes cen-
trally depressed or subumbilicate, densely dotted with minute
brown or blackish scales, yellowish-brown, the disk often darker ;
lamellee close, slightly emarginate, yellow, sometimes with a darker
edge; stem subequal, squamulose-punctate, hollow, colored like
the pileus ; spores suborbicular, .00016' in diameter.

Plant subceespitose, 1-2’ high, pileus 1-2’ broad, stein 2’’-4’
thick.

Rotten logs in woods. Sandlake and Adirondack Mts. July
and August.
This species is related to A. rutilans.

Acarious RuTILANS Scheff. . Poughkeepsie. Gerard.

AGARICUS HoRDUS /?.

Ground in open woods. Helderberg and Adirondack Mts. June
and July.

10

ged TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

This Agaric is remarkable for its broad subdistant lamellee which
are very thin and often found split transversely. Sometimes the
thin pileus is also split and-occasionally virgate. It frequently
grows to a very large size and is usually much infested by insects.

Agaricus (TRICHOLOMA) VIRESCENS Peck.

Pileus convex or expanded, sometimes depressed centrally, moist,
smooth, dingy green, the margin sometimes wavy or lobed ; lamellee
close, gradually narrowed toward the outer extremity, rounded or
slightly emarginate at the inner, white; stem subequal, stuffed or
hollow, thick but brittle, whitish, sometimes tinged with green ;
spores broadly elliptical, .0002' long, .00015’ broad.

Plant 3'—5' high, pileus 3'-5' broad, stem 6”—12” thick.

Mossy ground in open woods. North Elba. July.

The dull smoky-green hue of the pileus is the distinguishing
feature of this species. 7

Agaricus (TRIcHOLOMA) FALLAX Peck.

Pileus firm, convex or expanded, rarely depressed in the center,
moist, smooth, dull saffron color; lamelle narrow, crowded, taper-
ing toward the outer extremity, rounded at the inner, yellow; stem
short, smooth, stuffed or hollow, usually tapering toward the base,
colored like the pileus ; spores minute, subelliptical, .00012' long.

Plant gregarious, 1’—-1.5' high, pileus 6’"-15" broad, stem 1” thick.

Ground es spruce and balsam trees. North Elba. July.
(Plate 1, figs. 5

This is a ee little white- -spored Agaric, liable from its general
appearance to be mistaken for some species of Naucoria. T have
seen it in very wet weather only. It appears to be allied to A.
Cerinus.

AGARICUS sINOPICcUS 7.

Burnt ground in open places. North Elba. July.

The odor of fresh meal is very distinct in our specimens, but the
lamelle are not crowded. ‘They are sometimes branched and have
the interspaces reticulated. The spores are .0003' long, .0002’
broad.

Agaricus (Cotiyzia) succosts Pech.

Pileus firm, between cartilaginous and fleshy, campanulate or
convex, minutely tomeritose, cinereous or brownish-gray, the mar-
gin exceeding the lamelle and incurved; lamellz slightly ascend-
ing, thin, close, emarginate and slightly decurrent-toothed, tapering
toward the outer extremity, whitish; stem firm, equal or slightly —

a

Report or THE Boranist. | | 3

tapering upward, often curved, minutely tomentose, containing a
whitish pith ; spores subglobose, minute, .00015' in diameter ; flesh
abounding in a thin watery or serum-like juice, changing to pur-
plish and black when cut.

Plant 1-3’ high, pileus 6"-12" broad, stem 1” thick.

Rotten logs in woods. Portville, Cattaraugus county. Sep-
tember.

This is a very remarkable and somewhat aberrant species. In
color it resembles dark forms of Hydnu:n gelatinosum. In texture
it is more firm and fleshy than that plant. The stem is sometimes
eccentric. The juice exudes from wounds as in species of Lactarius.

Agaricus (CoLLYBIA) MYRIADOPHYLLUS Peck.

Pileus very thin, broadly convex, then expanded or depressed,
sometimes umbilicate, hygrophanous, watery brown when moist,
pale ochraceous or alutaceous when dry; lamelle very numerous,
narrow, crowded, rounded at the stem and slightly emarginate,
brownish-lilac ; stem equal, smooth, stuffed, reddish-brown ; spores
subelliptical, minute, .00012' long.

Plant subceespitose, 1'-1.5' high, pileus 8’-12” broad, .5” thick.

Rotten logs and fallen branches in woods.. Portville. Sep-
tember.

The lamellze are more close than in A. dryophilus, and remarka-
ble for their singular color.

AGARICUS PELIANTHINUS LY.

Mossy prostrate trunks of trees and among fallen leaves in
woods. Adirondack Mts. and Greig. July and September. , ©

Agaricus (MrcEna) susca@ruLevs Peck.

Pileus very thin, campanulate or convex, obtuse, striate, smooth,
pale bluish-green; lamelle narrow, close, tapering outwardly,
white; stem slender, equal, pinkish white, slightly pruinose;
spores subglobose, .00025' in diameter.

Plant czspitose, 2' high, pileus 4"—8" broad.

Trunk of a beech tree. Adirondack Mts. July.

The disk is more highly colored than the margin and the pileus
has a separable cuticle. :

_ Acaricus (Mycena) minututus Peck.

Pileus campanulate or convex, smooth, striatulate, papillate;
lamelle broad, subdistant, with a slight decurrent tooth; inter-
spaces reticulated by transverse veinlets which run down on the

76 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

lamelle; stem short, slender, firm, smooth or sprinkled with
minute mealy particles.

Plant gregarious, white throughout, 8’-12" high, pileus 2’-4”
broad. Bark of prostrate trunks in woods. Portville. Septem-
ber.

Acaricus (MycEna) rosEocanpipus Pech.

Pileus convex or broadly campanulate, subpapillate, striate
nearly to the apex, white or rosy-red; lamella close, uncinate, |
white or rosy ; stem slender, smooth, white.

Plant 2’ high, pileus 4’—6" broad.

Among mosses in woods. Adirondack Mts. July.

Usually the whole plant is pure white, but sometimes the pileus
has a delicate rosy hue, except on the apex and margin. In such
specimens the lamelle are tinged with the same color, and the
delicate beauty of the whole plant can scarcely be surpassed. The
striations of the pileus are clearly seen in the dried specimens.
The papilla is sometimes very prominent, sometimes wanting.

AGARIcus DEBILIS Lull.
Under spruce and balsam trees. North Elba. July.

AGAaricus Rortpus Fr.
Mossy ground in woods. North Elba. July.

AGARICUS PTERIGENUS //7.

Dead stems of ferns, Onoclea sensibilis. Sandlake. September.
The margin of the pileus as well as of the lamelle is sometimes
more highly colored than the rest of the piant.

Agaricus (OMPHALIA) OLIVARIUS Peck.

Pileus convex, umbilicate, smooth, yellowish-olive; lamelle
arcuate, decurrent, subdistant, pale yellow; stem equal, short,
smooth, hollow, colored like the pileus; spores subglobose or
broadly elliptical, .00026’ long.

Plant 1-1.5' high, pileus 1’ broad, stem 1” thick.

Burnt ground under balsam trees. North Elba. July.

AGARICUS GRACILLIMUs Wetnm. |

Dead twigs and leaves in wet places. Sandlake. September.

Our plant does not agree strictly with the description, since the
lamellee are scarcely decurrent and the stem is. slightly thickened
at the base where it is furnished with an abundance of radiating
flocci. It is at least a well marked variety, and may prove to be
a distinct species.

RerPorRT oF THE BOTANIST.. 77

Agaricus (PLurevs) stERILoMARGINATUS Peck.

Pileus broadly convex or expanded, with a slight oppressed
tomentum, white with a faint pinkish tinge, the thin margin
exceeding the lamelle ; lamelle close, subventricose, free, minutely
eroded on the edge, tapering outwardly, pale flesh-color; stem
short, equal, solid, smooth, sometimes curved, whitish ; spores sub-
globose, angular, with a central nucleus, .00025/ in diameter.

Plant 1’ high, pileus 6"-12" broad, stem .5" thick.

Rotten logs and sticks in woods. Portville. September.
The pileus is sometimes cracked, and then it has the appearance
of being coated with a thin, scaly paste.

Acaricts (PHortora) ALBocRENULATUS Peck.

Pileus fleshy, firm, convex or campanulate, subumbonate, viscid,
-rough with dark-brown or blackish floccose scales, yellowish-
brown; lamellee broad, subdistant, emarginate, white-crenulate on
the edge, grayish, then ferruginous; stem firm, equal or slightly
tapering upward, sometimes curved, stuffed or hollow, squamose
and pallid below the evanescent ring, white and slightly furfurace-

ous above ; spores subelliptical, .00045' long, .00025’ broad.

Plant 3-5’ high, pileus 2-3’ broad, stem 3’—5" thick.

Mossy base of maple trees in woods. Adirondack Mts. July
and August.

This is a large species, quite rare and somewhat variable. I
have never been able to find more than one or two plants in a
place. The scales of the pileus sometimes disappear, leaving the
surface mottled with dark-colored spots. The spores are subacute
at each end and the curvature of one side is greater than that of

the other. Under a lens the lamellz appear to be beaded on the
edge with minute milky globules.

Agaricus (PHottota) AcrrtcoLa Peck.

Pileus thin, except on the disk, broadly convex, glabrous, rugose-
reticulated or corrugated, hygrophanous, yellow; lamellee close,
emarginate, grayish, then ferruginous-brown ; stem equal or thick-
ened at the base, hollow, fibrillose-striate, white; annulus large,
membranaceous, persistent, deflexed, usually stained by the spores
which are elliptical, .00035’ long, .00025’ broad.

Plant 3-4’ high, pileus 2’'-3' broad, stem 3’—5" thick.

Mossy trunks of maple trees in woods. North Elba. Angust.

The large flabby annulus and lacunose pileus enable this species
to be easily recognized.

78 TWENTY-FIFTH IEPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Agaricus (PHotiora) piscotor Peck.

Pileus thin, convex, then expanded or slightly depressed,
smooth, viscid, hyprophanous, watery-cinnamon and striatulate on
the margin when moist; bright ochraceous-yellow when dry ;
lamellee close, narrow, pallid then pale ferruginous; stem equal,
hollow, fibrillose-striate, pallid ; annulus distinct, persistent ; spores
elliptical, .00028' long, .0002’ broad.

Plant subceespitose 2'—3' high, pileus 8"-16" broad, stem 1° thick.

Old logs in woods. Greig. September.

The change of color from the moist to the dry state is very
marked. This species resembles Agaricus autumnalis, in which
the annulus is fugacious and the spores are longer. The edge of
the lamellee in both is white-flocculose.

Acartous (HEBELoMA) PALLIDOMARGINATUS Peck.

Pileus brittle, broadly convex, sometimes irregular, smooth,
hygrophanous, brown with a pale margin when moist, ochraceous
and subatomaceous when dry; lamelle close, thin, rounded and

slightly emarginate at the stem, tapering outwardly, ochraceous
brown ; stem usually long and flexuous, equal or tapering upward,
hollow, a little paler than the pileus, white-floccose at the base ;
spores subelliptical, .0004’ long, .0002’ broad.

Plant gregarious, 1'-3' high, pileus 6’—12” broad, stem 1" thick.

Ground in swamps and wet places. Sandlake. September.

AGARIcUs PUTRIGENA BL. & C.
Dead branches. North Elba. July.

AGARICUS SQUAMOSUS 7.

Among fallen leaves in open woods. fortville. September.

Our specimens have the pileus red, the lamellee olivaceous and
spotted, the annulus not distant and the spores .00045' long, and
must therefore be regarded as varying somewhat from the ty pical
form of the species.

Acaricus (HypHoLoma) SACCHARINOPHILUS 1. S/.

Pileus ovate or hemispherical, then convex, smooth, hygrophan-
ous, pale alutaceous; lamellz close, narrow, rounded at the stem,
pallid, then rosy-brown ; stem equal, stuffed, pruinose at the top,
substriate, white; spores elliptical, nucleate, .0003' long.

Plant czspitose, 2’ high, pileus 1'-2’ broad, stem 2" thick.

Mossy base of the sngar maple. North Elba. September.

~)
eo)

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST.

Agaricus (HypHotoma) nirrosquamutosus Peck.

Pileus firm, convex or expanded, hairy-squamulose, hygrophan-
ous, grayish-brown when moist, gray when dry; lamelle narrow,
rounded at the stem, gray, then brown; stem short, firm, equal,
hollow, slightly hairy-squamulose and colored like the pileus ;
spores subelliptical, cymbiform, nucleate, .00025' long.

‘Plant 1' high, pileus 6’-10" broad, stem scarcely 1° thick.

Prostrate trunks of maple trees in woods. Portville. September

The minute hairy tufts of the pileus are similar in appearance to
those on A. medleus.

AGARICUS HIASCENS /7.
Damp ground under willows. West Albany. June.

Coprinus VARIEGATUS Peck.

Pileus fleshy, thin, fragile, oblong-ovate, then campanulate,
obtuse, hygrophanous, pale watery-brown when moist, whitish or
cream color when dry, variegated by scales or patches of a super-
ficial ochraceous tomentum, the margin finely striate; lamelle
lanceolate, crowded, ascending, free, white, then rosy-brown, finally
black ; stem equal, brittle, hollow, white, at first peronate-annulate,
then floccose-pruinose, with white branching root-like threads at
the base ; spores subelliptical, .00033' long.

Plant aiaibely ceespitose, 3'-5’ high, pileus 1’-1.5' aa stem
2"-4" thick. |

Thin soil and decaying leaves covering rocks. Slope of Crows
Nest near West Point. June.

When young the whole plant is coated by an abundant super-
ficial floccose-tomentum. This soon breaks up into loose scales or
patches which peel off in flakes, revealing the smooth pileus
beneath. This character will readily distinguish this plant from
C. atramentarius to which it is allied. The slight abrupt annulus
soon vanishes.

HyGROPHORUS CHLOROPHANUS /?.

Mossy ground. Greenbush. June.

Ours is a small form, var. coccinea, with the disk of the pileus
bright red. This color oradually fades into yellow on the se
where it is varied by the brighter colored striations.

Marasmivs semtutrtipes Peck. |
Pileus thin, tough, nearly plane or depressed, smooth, sometimes
striate on the margin, hygrophanous, reddish-brown when meist,

80 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

alutaceons when dry, the disk sometimes darker; lamellze subdis-
tant, reaching the stem, slightly venose-connected, subcrenulate on
the edge, white; stem equal, even or finely striate, hollow, smooth
above, velvety-tomentose toward the base, reddish-brown.

Plant gregarious, inodorous, 1-2’ high, pileus 6'-9" broad, stem
so) bhieke

Ground among fallen twigs and leaves. West Point. June.

Marasmivus umponatus Pech.

_ Pileus thin, tongh, expanded, umbonate, smooth, even or
substriate, alutaceous, the margin at first incurved; lamelle nar-
row, subdistant, reaching the stem, venose-connected, sometimes
branched toward the outer extremity, white; stem equal, solid,
velvety-tomentose, tawny below, paler above.

Plant gregarious, 1'-1.5' high, pileus 6-9" broad, stem .5" thick.
Ground under balsam trees. North Elba. July. |

Mearasmius LANeuIDUS /7.
Dead stems of herbs. Tyre, Seneca county. September.

LENTINUS TIGRINUS. /7.

Decaying wood. Tyre. September.
Nearly all the specimens found had the lamellz overgrown by a
deuse white mass of parasitic fungoid filaments.

Lrentinus vuLpinus 7.
Prostrate trunks of ash trees. Portville, September.

Lentinus H=matopus Lerk.

Pileus smooth, expanded or centrally depressed, lobed on the
margin, pale yellow or cream color; lamellee decurrent, often wavy.
near the inner extremity, distinctly toothed on the inner edge,
white; stem short, firm, eccentric, smooth, dark red or chestnut
color; spores elliptical, with one or two nuclei, .00025' long.

Plant 1’ high, pileus 2’ broad.

Prostrate trunks of striped maple, Acer Pennsylvanicum.
Adirondack Mts. July.

A rare species Si. but once and then in the deep shades of
the Adirondack forests. It is readily known by its smooth pileus
and short red or chestnut-colored stem. Our specimens differ from
the type in having the pileus lobed and the stem darker colored
and eccentrie.

REpPorT oF THE BOTANIST. 8S].

Boietus sEPARANS /eck.

Pileus thick, convex, smooth, shining, sometimes deeply lacunose,
brownish-lilac ; tubes plane or slightly depressed around the stem,
at first white, closed and attached to the stem, then by the expan-
sion of the pileus usually torn from it, small, subrotund, yellow or
brownish-yellow ; stem solid, nearly equal, distinctly reticulated,
dull-lilac ; spores .00055' long, .00022' broad; flesh white, unchange-
able.

Plant 3—4' high, pileus 3’ broad, stem 6-10" thick.

Grassy ground in open woods. Greenbush. August.

This was mentioned in a previous report as a marked variety of
BL. edulis, but having observed it two years in succession, and
finding its: distinctive features quite constant, I am induced to
consider it a distinct species. The dried specimens have a strong,
disagreeable, acid-like odor. Little webby filaments may often be
seen stretched across the space between the stem and the tubes
that have been torn fromit. In dry weather this separation of the
stem and the tubes does not always take place.

Boxretus AFFInIs Peck.

Pileus dry, minutely tomentulose, even or slightly rugose, chest-
nut-colored, soon fading to tawny or ochraceous, the cuticle some-
times cracking into areas; tubes plane or convex, attached to the
stem and sometimes depressed around it, at first white and closed,
then yellow, small, unequal, angular or subrotund; stem solid,
unequal, smooth, rarely reticulated at the top, pallid or tinged with
dull red ; spores elliptical, .00035' long, .00016' broad ; flesh white,
unchangeable.

Plant 2’ high, pileus 2'-3’ broad, stem 6’-10" thick.

Grassy ground in open woods. Greenbush. July.

At first sight this plant bears some resemblance to B. castaneus.
The stem is usually ventricose or tapering toward the base ; some-
times compressed at the top. It is seldom found uninfested by

the larvee of insects. The margin of the pileus is sometimes revo-
lute. ,Like the next preceding, species, it belongs to the section

Edules. :

Boxetrus mopestus Peck.

Pileus firm, convex, often irregular, dry, minutely tomentulose,
yellowish-brown ; tubes nearly plane, attached and subdecurrent,
pale ochraceous, angular and compound ; stem equal, brown, reti-
culated with darker lines; spores elliptical, .0004' long, .0002’
broad; flesh-gray or pinkish-gray.

82 T'WENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

Plant 2' high, pileus 2’ broad, stem 2"-4" thick.
Grassy ground in open woods. Greenbush. August.

Bouervus castaneus Bull.

Grassy ground in open woods. Greenbush. June.
The spores in this plant are yellow, not white as indicated in
Fries’ Epicrisis.

PoLyporus RESINOSUS /7?.

Prostrate trunks of hemlock trees, Abies Canadensis. Sandlake
and Portville. August and September.

Potyporus picires /7.

A single specimen of this species was found on a fallen branch
at Center.

MERULIUS LACRYMANS /7.

Decaying wood in close, damp places. Greenbush. October.
On a flower-pot in a green-house. Buffalo. Clinton.

Hypnum srricosum Swartz.
Prostrate trunk of an ash tree. Portville. September.

CRATERELLUS caspitosus Peck.

Pileus fleshy, tough, irregular, expanded, centrally depressed or
subinfundibuliform, smooth, moist, variable in color, greenish-
yellow, pinkish-brown, blackish, the margin usually decurved and
somewhat lobed } hymenium at first smooth, then rugose-wrinkled,
the folds decurrent on the short solid tough stem which is either
central or eccentric; spores oblong, obtuse, sometimes slightly
curved, .00035’ to .00045° long.

Plant ceespitose, 6’-12” high, pileus 6"-10° broad.

Rotten logs in a wooded swamp. Portville. September.

This is a singular and somewhat aberrant species. The color is
variously modified by blue, green, yellow, olivaceous and viola-
ceous tints. The pilei sometimes grow together, forming an
intricate, irregular tuft.

THELEPHORA ANTHOCEPHALA /7.
Ground in open woods. Greenbush. August.

THELEPHORA PEDICELLATA Schw.
Living branches of alder trees. Indian Lake. October.

eR I as

RepPorRT OF THE BoTANIST. 83

SoLenra ocHRACEA LZoff'm.
Rotten wood. Savannah, Wayne county. October.

CLAVARIA RUFESCENS Scheff.

Ground in woods. Sandlake. J/. Peck. Greenbush. August.

This plant occurs after heavy rains. It sometimes grows in
continuous rows several feet in extent. The pinkish-red tips of
the branches fade with age. The axils are rounded and the plant
is quite fragile. ries considers it a variety of C. aurea.

CLAVARIA PUSILLA Peck.
Stem slender, solid, rather tough, much and irregularly branched ;
branches unequal, divergent ; tips acute.
Plant scarcely 1’ high, yellowish...

Ground under spruce and balsam trees. North Elba. Sep-
tember.

This plant is distinguished from C. tetragona by its terete stems
and irregular ramification.

Cravaria ctavatTa Peck. ,
Simple, straight, clavate, obtuse, smooth, not hollow, yel-
low when fresh, rugose-wrinkled and orange-colored when dry,
4'—6" high.
Damp shaded banks by road-sides. Sandlake. June. (Plate

1, fig. 9.) The surface of the ground where it grows is covered
by a green confervoid stratum.

Tacit x ALBIDA Huds.
Dead birch trees. Sandlake. October. :

TREMELLA coLorata /eck.

Plant gregarious, swollen, subglobose or irregular, soft, pulpy,
raisin-colored when moist, externally black and internally brownish-
pink when dry; filaments colored in the mass; spores globose,
colored like the hymenium when mature, .0005' to .0007° in

- diameter.

Bark of dead ash trees. Tyre. September.

The plants are generally about one-fourth of an inch thick and
high. They burst through the epidermis and stain the surface of
the bark a dull reddish color, but within it is stained black. The
species may be readily known by the globose colored spores.

STEMONITIS TYPHOIDES DC.
Rotten stumps. Greenbush. June.

84 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

ARCYRIA INCARNATA Pers.

Rotten wood and bark of sticks. Greenbush.
_ This plant is less pec uen than A. puniceus.

ARCYRIA GLOBOSA Schw.
Fallen chestnut burrs. Sandlake. September.

_ PHoMA NEBULOSUM Berk.
Dead stems of herbs. Albany. May.

CRYPTOSPORIUM SCIRPI 7. sp.
Perithecia gregarious on a pallid spot, subrotund or quadrangu-
lar, black; spores elongated-fusiform, slightly curved, hyaline,
.0006' to .0007' long. |

Dead leaves and sheaths of Scirpus fluviatilis. Castleton,
Rensselaer county. June.

I find mingled with the fruit of this plant, long clavate, septate,
slightly colored spores. Do both belong to one species ?

GELATINOSPORIUM Nov. GEN.

Perithecia submembranaceous, erumpent, rupturing at the apex,
wrinkled when dry ; spores elongated, filiform, simple.

When moist the perithecia gap open at the apex, revealing the
whitish gelatinous mass of spores within.

GELATINOSPORIUM ABIETINUM 2. Sp.
Perithecia small, scattered, black; spores excessively elongated,
. subfiliform, tapering to a long narrow point at each end, more or
Pa curved, usually containing a row ot nuclei, subhy alte .0025' to
3’ long.
gee branches of hemlock trees. Greenbush. April.

GELATINOSPORIUM BETULINUM 2. sp.

Perithecia large, clustered, crowded, prominent, bursting else
the epidermis by a transverse fissure, irregularly ruptured at the
apex, black; spores hyaline, subfiliform, pointed at each end, con-
taining a row of nuclei, .0013' to .0016' long.

Dead branches of Letula lenta. Greenbush. June.
Usually there are two or three perithecia in a cluster. When
dry they appear to form a single irregular mass.

SPHZRONEMA. TRUNCATUM /7.
Rotten wood. North Elba. July.

Reporr or THE BoraNIstv. 85

SPH#RONEMA CSPITOSUM 2. Sp.
Perithecia cespitose, cylindrical or slightly tapering upward,
black; globnle black, shining; spores subfusiform, .00045' long.
Dead branches of Zlex verticillata. Sandlake and Center. May
and June.
This species is remarkable for its tufted mode of growth and its
black globule.

SPH ZRONEMA MINUTISSIMUM 2. Sp.
Perithecia scattered, minute, spheriform or subconical, obtuse,
easily separating from the matrix, black; globule whitish; spores
oblong, simple, hyaline, .00028' long.

Dead branches of black cherry, Prunus serotina. Uelderberg
Mts. May. |

The perithecia are seated on the inner bark and leave a small
round cavity in the epidermis when broken off. They render the
branch rough to the touch.

SPH#RONEMA PALLIDUM 2. Sp.

Perithecia scattered, erumpent, subconical, obtuse, surrounded
by the ruptured epidermis, black; globule pallid or whitish, per-
sistent; spores fusiform, slightly curved, pointed at each end,
usually containing two or three nuclei, .00065’ long.

Dead branches of mountain ash, Pyrus Americana. Sandlake.
June.

AcCROSPERMUM CoMPRESSUM Zode.
Dead stems of herbs. Guilderland and West Albany. May.

SpHZropsis Marorum Berk. -
Old apples. New Scotland, Albany county. May.

| SpH#ropsis Piarani 2. sp.
Perithecia hemispherical or convex, thin, black, white within,
eruimnpent; ostiole minute, papilleeform ; spores elliptical or oblong,

colored, .0007-.001' long.

Fallen branches of Platanus occidentalis. Bethlehem. April.
The rupture of the epidermis is usually triradiate.

|
: SpH#rRopsis PERICARPII 2. sp.
Perithecia small, slightly elevated, hemispherical, covered by
the epidermis, then rupturing it at the apex; spores colored,
- .0009' long.
Old husks of hickory nuts. Albany. May.

|
1

86 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MuSEuM.

SPHEROPSIS QUERCINA 2. sp.

Perithecia convex, smooth, erumpent, blackish-brown or black,
whitish within, surrounded by the whitish remains of the ruptured
epidermis ; spores elliptical, hyaline, .00035’ long.

Dead branches of oak trees. Greenbush. May.

SPHEROPSIS LINEARIS 7. Sp.

Perithecia small, subglobose, thickly scattered or seriately placed,
erumpent, black; spores elliptical or oblong, colored, .0008' to
OO1' long.

Dead branches of oak trees. Greenbush. May.

‘The rnpture of the epidermis is often continuous over several
perithecia, thus forming longitudinal lines or chinks in the bark.
At first the perithecia are covered and minute whitish dots mark
their position.

DIPLODIA VALSOIDES 7. Sp.

Perithecia clustered, nestling in the inner bark, tapering into
long ostiola, which are united by an olivaceous stroma and erum-
pent through transverse fissures in the epidermis, black; spores
oblong-elliptical, strongly constricted, colored, .00075’ long. |

Dead bark of white birch trees, Betula populifolia. Center.
April.

a habit this is exactly like species of Valsa, but there are no
asci present.

DIPLoDIA PETIOLARIS 7. Sp.

Perithecia small, scattered, convex or depressed, black; spores
elliptical, slightly constricted, usually with a nucleus in each cell,
colored, .0008’ long.

Petioles of fallen leaves. Greenbush. October.

Diptopra LigNICOLA n. sp. :
Perithecia scattered or crowded, prominent, subglobose, black ;:
spores oblong, constricted, .0014 long, .0004 broad.
Decorticated wood of balsam trees, Abzes balsamea. Adiron-
dack Mts. July.

HenpersoniA Rosiniz West. .
Dead branches of locust trees. New Baltimore. Howe. |

HenpeErsontA PLATANI 2. sp.
Perithecia covered by the epidermis and adhering to it by the
upper part, depressed, brownish-black or black, the small black

Report oF THE BoraNIST. 87

ostiole at length piercing the epidermis; spores black, shining,
elliptical-oblong, triseptate, .002’ long, oozing out and staining the
bark black.

Fallen branches of Platanus occidentalis. Buffalo. Clinton.
Bethlehem. April.

This closely resembles Massaria atroinqguinans B. & C., of
which it may prove to be a form.

HernpERsoNIA SAMBUCI 2. sp.

Perithecia numerous, scattered, minute, black, at first covered
by the epidermis, then piercing it ; spores elliptical-oblong, colored,
triseptate, .0005' long, .0002° broad.

Dead stems of Sambucus pubens. Knowersville, Albany county.

May.
The immature spores are uniseptate.

Daruuca FituM Cast.

Various Uredines and Uromyces Junci. Poughkeepsie. Gerard.
Albany. June. |

SEPTORIA MIRABILIS 2. Sp.

Spots yellow or brown, angular, limited by the veinlets of the
leaves; perithecia hypogenous, minute, opening by a circular
orifice, pallid or yellowish ; tendrils long, slender, fragile, several
from the same perithecium, white; spores large, simple, oblong-
obovate or subfusiform, .0013' to .0016' long, .0005' broad.

Fronds of Onoclea sensibilis. Sandlake. September.

This species is remarkable for the plurality of its tendrils and
the size and shape of its spores. The spores are generally more
pointed at one end than at the other.

SEPTORIA ACERINA 2. Sp. | |

Spots brown or yellow with a brown center, mostly angular;
perithecia variable in size and shape, collapsed when dry; spores
filiform, curved, simple or very obscurely septate, .0013' to
.0016' long.

Upper surface of leaves of the striped maple. Keene, Essex
county. July.

Sterile specimens are common but the fertile form is rare. This
is distinct from S. Aceris B. & Br.

SEPTORIA SALICINA 2. 87.

Spots suborbicular, brown with an arid center ; perithecia small,
brown, pezizoid when dry; spores filiform, curved, very unequal
in length, obscurely two to four septate, .0016’ to .0026' long.

_ Upper surface of leaves of Saliw lucida. Keene. July.

88 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

SEPTORIA ocHROLEUCA DB. & C. |
Spots scattered, suborbicular, pallid, with a brown margin which
is more conspicuous on the upper surface; perithecia central,
minute, scattered, hypogenous, pallid or amber color; spores fili-
form, curved, simple, .00L’ long. |
Leaves of chestnut trees. Sandlake. July.

I have seen no description of this species, but specimens received
from Dr. Curtis under this name are identical with ours.

DinemaAspoxtum Rosinta Gerard in lit.
Perithecia cup-shape, bristly, black; spores hyaline, .0002 long,
the terminal bristles about as long as the spore.
Wood of locust trees. Poughkeepsie. Gerard.

DINEMASPORIUM GRAMINUM Lev.

Leaves of grasses. New Baltimore. Jtev. J. LZ. Zabriskie. Old
corn-stalks. Castleton. June.

The spores in this species are .00035 long, with the ee
bristles about as long as the spore.

DinEMAsporiumM Herparum Cooke.

Dead stems of herbs and rotten wood.. Greenbush... May.

This is given in the Hand-book of British Fungi as a variety of
the preceding species, but it is clearly distinct. The spores are
about .0006' long with the terminal bristles scarcely one- glee the
length of the spore.

MicrorperaA DrupacKARum Lev.

Dead branches of cherry trees. Center. August.

This was associated with young Cenangium Cerasi of which it
may be a form.

DisceELLA CARBONACEA BL. & Br.
Dead twigs of willows. Albany. May.

CyTISPORA CHRYSOSPERMA Pers.
Dead branches of poplars. Albany. May.

CHEIROSPORA BOTRYOSPORA 7.
Dead branches of beech trees. Greenbush. June.

STILBOSPORA STAPHYLEA Schw.
Dead twigs of Staphylea trifolia. Helderberg Mts. May.

Revort or THE BOTANIST. 89

ToRULA ALNEA %. Sp.
Floecci tufted, erumpent, black, composed of nucleated joints
about as long as broad, mostly slightly constricted at the septa,
here and there strongly constricted.

Dead branches of alder trees. Buffalo. Clinton. New Balti-
more. /Zowe. Adirondack Mts. July.

SporRENDONEMA Musca 7.

Dead bodies of flies. Common. Autumn.
This is Lmpusa Musce Cohn. It causes the death of the flies
it attacks.

SPORIDESMIUM MORIFORME 2. Sp.

Spores collected in minute orbicular crowded black tufts, obovate
or subelliptical, very obtuse; cells small, paler at the base where
there is a subglobose, hyaline cell or peduncle nearly as broad as
the spore which is .0013' to .0015' long.

Decorticated wood of apple trees. Sandlake. November.
The multicellular spores are suggestive of mulberries.

GyMNosPpoRANGIUM JuUNIPERI Lh.
Bark of Juniperus Virginiana. New Baltimore. Howe. June.

GYMNOSPORANGIUM CLAVIPES Cooke & Peck.

Sori mostly small and subrotund, sometimes confluent, convex,
erumpent, orange; spores elliptical, obtuse, attached to a long hya-
line peduncle which is gradually thickened toward the top, .0015’
to .0018’ long.

Living branches of Juniperus Virginiana. New Baltimore.
Howe. Bethlehem. May. .

This species differs from the preceding in its smaller sori and
remarkably thickened peduncles. The apical part of the peduncle
is sometimes wider even than the spore itself. The younger
branches are slightly swollen where attacked by this fungus and
the bark is scaly. When old the fungus becomes a thin shapeless
gelatinous mass. The spores germinate at the extremities, each
filament absorbing the contents of its own cell.

Popisoma Fuscum Duby.

Very young branchlets and “Cedar balls” of Juniperus Vir-
gintanad. New Baltimore. Howe. Bethlehem and Helderberg
Mts. May.

This species is more abundant in the vicinity of Albany than its
congener, . macropus. It has a darker color than that species
and the spores and spore tufts are shorter.

12

99 Twenry-virra Report on trae Srare Museum.

PucctntA PULCHELLA Peck.

For the details of this species and also of P.linearis, P. obtecta,
P. angustata, P. arundinacea, P. Caricis, P. Menthe, P.
Myrrhis, P. variabilis and P. Marie-Wilsonr, see the Synopsis
of the genus Puccinia in the closing section of this report.

Unooystis occutra Preuss. (Polycystis parallea B. & Br.).
Leaves of grass. Flatbush, L. I. Zabriskie. May.

Urocystis pusttua Cooke & Peck. |
Spots none; sori oblong or linear, parallel, prominent, narrow,
black; spores subglobose, irregular, usually two-celled, .0003’ to
.0004/ in diameter. !

Leaves of Carex Pennsylvanica. Bethlehem and Center. May
and June.

URromYcEs TRIQUETRA Cooke.

Leaves of various species of Hypericum and of Hlodea Virginica.
North Elba, Sandlake and Portville. July to October.

Usomycrs Evrnorsrx Cooke & Peck.

Leaves generally stained with red or purple; sori amphigenous,
subrotund, slightly convex, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis,
ferruginous-brown or blackish-brown; spores subglobose, rough,
often with a large nucleus, about .0008’ in diameter; peduncle
short, hyaline.

- Leaves of LHuphorbia hypericifolia. Albany and Center.
August and September.

Gymnosporium Arunpinis Cd.

Base of dead stems of Phragmites communis. Watkins and
Montezuma marshes. September.

Proromyces Eryruroni Peck.
Spots stained with red or purple; spores growing in the tissues
of the leaf, scattered or crowded, most often arranged in short
series, large, globose, black, .002’ to .0026’ in diameter.

Leaves and petioles of EHrythroniwm Americanum. Greenbush.
May.

Urerpo Lepicota Feck.
Spots small, definite, rarely confluent, suborbicular, reddish-
brown, sometimes with a darker border; sori subrotund or irregu-

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. O]

lar, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores subglobose,
rough, .0012' in diameter, orange, with a thick hyaline epispore.
Upper surface of leaves of Ledum latifolium. Summit of Mt.»
Marcy. July.
This seems to me to be quite distinct from U. Zedi A. & S.
which is said to grow on the lower surface of leaves of L. palustre
and to form yellow spots.

PermpermiuM Creresrum Pech.

Peridia large, convex, erumpent, irregularly confluent, forming
brain-like convolutions, white, rupturing irregularly, the cells
granulose, radiate-striate on the margin; spores variable, ovate
elliptical or subglobose, rough, yellow, .0008’ to .0011’ long.

Trunks and branches of young pines, Pinus rigida. Center.
May.

This fungus forms excrescences from half an inch to two inches
in diameter on the trunks and branches. On the smaller branches
the excrescence puffs out equally on all sides of the branch. The
outer bark comes off in large scales, revealing the bright yellow
fungus which has produced the unseemly swelling.

This plant was first detected by Mr. J. A. Lintner, who brought
me specimens and made known its locality.

Cystopus cunious Ser.
Leaves of Canada thistle. Buffalo. Clinton.

Resrevia AuRANTIACA Peck. (Plate 1, figs. 10-12.)
Peridia deeply seated, cylindrical, fragile, soon lacerated, fuga-

: cious, white; spores subglobose, bright orange, about .001’ in

diameter, with a thick hyaline epispore.

| _ Fruit of Amelanchier Canadensis. New Baltimore. Zabriskie.

| Keene. July. Also on the fruit of Crategus. Buffalo. Clinton.

|. . It is remarkable that this species should have entirely escaped
the notice of collectors hitherto and that it should now be detected,
in one season, in three widely separated localities, by three differ-
ent persons. ‘The color of the spores will enable this plant to be
readily distinguished from its congeners. It seems to occur on the
unripe fruit only. The Amelanchier leaves and fruit are inhabited
by three species of Reestelia.

AXCIDIUM oRASSUM Pers.
Leaves of buckthorn, Rhamnus catharticus. Albany. June.

cw Cauraz Grev.
Leaves and pétioles of Cultha palustris. Guilderland. May.

Q2 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Aewrws Hyrerticatum Schw.

Leaves of Hypericum ellipticum. Poughkeepsie. Gerard.
North Elba. August. |

AX cium Asreratum Schw.
Leaves of Asters. North Greenbush. June.

ZKcrpium ConvALLARLE Schum.
Leaves of wild lilies. Poughkeepsie. Gerard. Buffalo. Clin-
ton. June.

AScrwium Gerarviz Peck. .

Spots small, subrotund, scattered, yellowish-green ; peridia usu-
ally few, small, short, the mouth notched with spreading or
recurved teeth; spores orange, .0008' in diameter.

Leaves of Gerardia quercifolia. Highlands near Cold Spring.

June.
From four to ten peridia generally occupy each spot. The
leaves turn black in drying but the spots often retain a greenish

hue.

T'RICHOBASIS ToXICODENDRI B, cd Le.
Spots small, brown, suborbicular ; sori subrotund, sometimes
confluent, reddish-brown; spores subovate, beautifully marked
with longitudinal or oblique striations. |
Leaves and petioles of Lhus Toxicodendron. New Baltimore.

Howe.
This is probably the Uredo form of Pileolaria brevipes.

S:rtLBUM TOMENTOSUM Schrad.
Growing on 7’ michia clavata. Portville. September.

Arractium FLammEuM BD. c Le.
Bark of living mountain ash. Sandlake. September.

FusARIUM LATERITIUM Nees.
Old galls of Celtis occidentalis. Cold Spring. June.

>

Spores curved, 001’ to .0013' long.

Fusarium rosEum Lk.
Dead stems of Asclepias. Castleton. June.

The spores in this species are more slender and .QU16’ to ~

.0023' long.

REPORT OF THE BOTANTST. 93

ILLospoRIuM ROSEUM /7.

- Growing on lichens, Physica stellata. Sandlake. October.
Buffalo. Clinton.

Periconta AZALEE® Pech.
Plant small, .03-.04 high, black; stem slightly tapering
upward; head globose; spores subglobose or elliptical, colored,
.0002' to .0003' long.

Twigs, capsules and old galls of Azalea nudiflora. New Scot-
land. June.

SporocyBE Byssomes /7.
Dead stems of herbs. West Albany. May.

Macrosrorium Brassica Berk.
Decaying cabbage leaves. Albany. August.

Macrosportum Cuartarum Peck.

Flocci long, jointed, flexuous, branched, colored ;_ branches
widely spreading, often at right angles to the stem, somewhat
nodulose ; spores subglobose, elliptical, obovate or pyriform, black,
shining, one to three septate, with one or two longitudinal septa,
.0006' to .001’ long.

Damp paste-board. Albany. November.
It forms indefinite black spots or patches.

CLASTERISPORIUM CARICINUM Schw.
Old leaves of Carices. New Baltimore. /Zowe.

CLASTERISPORIUM PEDUNCULATUM Peck. (Plate 1, figs. 16-18.)

Flocci erect, opaque, septate; spores terminal, nearly straight,
multiseptate, colored, mostly subfusiform or lanceolate, about .003

“ long, the terminal cell hyaline.

Cut surface of wood. Savannah. October.

The spores easily break from the flocci on which they are
supported as if on a peduncle half their own length. ‘Their
greatest thickness is usually near the base, the lower part tapering
rapidly, the upper, gradually to their respective extremities. Some
spores are oblong, others linear. ‘They are seldom strongly curved
and this character is not always present even in C. caricinum.

STREPTOTHRIX ABIETINA Pech. (Plate 1, figs. 18-15.)
Tufts subglobose, scattered or crowded, blackish-brown ; flocci

branched, pale, echinulate; spores globose, minutely rough,
.00025’ to .0008’ in diameter.

O94 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

Bark of prostrate spruce trunks. Sandlake. September.
The larger spores and echinulate threads separate this from S.

ara B.& C.

CLADOSPORIUM EPIPHYLLUM JVees.
Fallen leaves of Platanus occidentalis. Castleton. June.

Orpium simiLE Berk,
Decaying wood. Poughkeepsie. Gerard.

Orprum MoniLioiprs Lk.
Living grass leaves. West Albany. June.

ZyGopEsMts Fuscus Cd.
Decaying wood and leaves. Greenbush. July.

ZYGODESMUS OLIVACEUs B. & C.

Decaying wood.. Sandlake. September.
This scarcely differs from the preceding species except in its
olivaceous color.

Ascopuora Mucrepo TJode.
Stale bread. Albany.

ONYGENA EQUINA Pers. |
Old hoofs. Buffalo. Clinton.

SPHAROTHECA CAsTAGNEI Lev. :
Both sides of various leaves. Common.

SPHH®ROTHECA PRUINOSA C. & P.
Hypogenous; mycelium thin, effuse, persistent; conceptacles
minute, black; appendages few, long, colorless; sporangium ovate,
eight spored. :

Leaves of Z?hus glabra. Greenbush. August.

The long colorless appendages readily distinguish this species
from the preceding. The whole lower surface of the leaf appears
whitened as if pruinose. :

PopospH@RA BiuNcINATA C. & P.

Mycelium thin; conceptacles minute, black; appendages six to ©
ten, very long, colorless, biuncinate, the tips of the divisions some-
times again divided; sporangium globose, containing eight spores.

Upper surface of leaves of the witch hazel, Hamamelis. Virgin-

cand. Poughkeepsie. Gerard. New Baltimore. //owe. Sandlake.
September.

Report or THE BoTANIST. 95

This is a very distinct species. The branches at the tips of the
appendages are slightly curved and diverge nearly at right angles
to the appendage. When mature the plants often become collected
in entangled masses, giving the leaf the appearance of being coated
with dusty cobwebs. _

Microspr&RA PULCHRA C. & P.

Amphigenous; mycelium thin, persistent; conceptacles numer-
ous, globose, black; appendages eight to twelve, about equal in
length to the diameter of the conceptacles, colorless; sporangia
four or five, containing four to six spores. /

Leaves of Cornus alternifolia. Greenbush. September.

The mycelium is more conspicuous on the upper than. on the
lower surface of the leaves. The conceptacles are often closely
placed over large portions of the leaf.

MicrosPH2RA DIFFUSA C. & P.

Mycelium thin, evanescent ; conceptacles minute, globose, black ;
appendages numerous, eighteen to twenty-five, in length once or
twice the diameter of the conceptacle, colorless, somewhat irregu-
larly divided anc slightly nodulose at the tips; sporangia ovate,
four to six, containing four to six spores.

Leaves of Desmodium Canadense. Albany. September and
October.

This plant generally occupies the upper surface of the leaf but
sometimes spreads to the lower.

MicrosPpHzZRA EXTENSA C. & P.

Mycelium thin, effuse, persistent; conceptacles globose, black ;
appendages eight to twelve, in length three or four times the
diameter of the conceptable, colorless; sporangia four, subglobose
or ovate, containing four to six spores.

_ Upper surface of oak leaves, Quercus rubra. Greenbush. Sep-
tember and October.

It frequently occupies the whole upper surface of the leaf but I
have never seen it extend to the lower surface. It may readily be
distinguished by its habit and fewer differently shaped sporangia
from Jf. Vaecinie which also has very long appendages.

MicrosPH#RA HOLOSERICEA Lev.

Leaves of Astragalus. Buffalo. Clinton. October.

MicrospH#rRA Hepwier Lev.

Leaves of Viburnum Lentago. Albia, Rensselaer county. Sep-
tember and October.

96 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museo.

ErystpuHe Marti ZA.

Leaves and stems of pea vines. New Baltimore. Zabriskie.
Sandlake, October.

Uncintia macrospora Pk. (Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. vii, p. 215.)
Mycelium effused, persistent; conceptacles subglobose; appen-
dages numerous, thirty or ‘more, about equal in length to the
diameter of the conceptacle; sporangia eight to twelve; spores
two, very large, elliptical, .0012-—.0015 inch long. =
Leaves of elm trees. Buffalo. Clinton.
This was at first thought to be U. Bivone Lev., but that species
is deseribed as having an evanescent mycelium, only four sporangia
and ten to twenty appendages.

Uncinvxa circinata C. & P.
Mycelium dense, effuse, persistent; conceptacles large, depressed
or flattened, black; appendages very numerous, slender, about
equal in length to the diameter of the conceptacle, simple, color-
less; sporangia oblong or narrowly ovate, eight to sixteen, con-
taining elght spores.
Under surface of maple leaves, Acer spicatum and A. rubrum.
Watkins and Greenbush. September and October.
This species is related to U. becornis from which it. is distin-
guished by its hypogenous habit, more numerous sporangia and
always simple appendages. It usually occupies the whole under
surface of the leaf.

Uncinuta Ampexopsipis Pé&.- (Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. vii, p. 216.) ©
Amphigenous; mycelium web-like, thin, evanescent; concepta-
cles minute, globose, black; appendages ten to twenty, in length
once or twice the diameter of the conceptacle, simple, obscurely
septate toward the base, colored, a little paler at the tips; sporan-
gia four to six, subglobose or ovate, containing four to six spores.

Leaves of the woodbine, Ampelopsis quinquefolia. Buffalo.
Clinton. Greenbush. August to October.
The colored appendages are characteristic of this species.

Unoinuta Crintonn Pk. (Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. vii, p. 216.)
Amphigenous ; mycelium thin, persistent; conceptacles small,
globose, black; appendages fifteen to twenty-five, about equal in
length to the diameter of the conceptacle, colorless, slightly thick-
ened toward the uncinate-coiled tips ; sporangia four to six, contain-
ing four to six spores.

cr <

-_

Reprort or THE BorANIST. Q7

Leaves of Tilia Americana. Buffalo. Clinton. Watkins.
September and October.

The thickened tips of the appendages are characteristic of this
species. ‘The mycelium is more conspicuous on the upper than on_
the lower surface of the leaf. I take pleasure in dedicating this
species to its discoverer. Lon. G. W. Clinton.

GEOGLOSSUM QGLUTINOSUM Pers.

Borders of swamps. Sandlake. September.

The viscid stem is the most available character for separating
this species from G. Airsutum. In both species the spores are
fifteen-septate. y

Groctossum simitE Pech.

Plant 1-2’ high, black; club obtuse, generally compressed,
sometimes with a broad shallow groove on one side, hairy, tapering
into the stem; asci broad; spores fasciculate, elongate, slightly
curved, seven-septate, colored, .003—.004 long ; paraphyses slightly
thickened at the tips, septate, sometimes branched.

Damp mossy ground in swamps. Fort Edward. “/owe. Sand-
lake. September.

Externally this species can scarcely be distinguished from G.
hirsutum, but its shorter seven-septate spores and paler paraphyses
with tips less recurved and more distinctly septate are distinguish-
ing characters too marked to be overlooked.

GrogLossuM Microsporum C. & P.

Plant 1’ high, black; club obtuse, smooth, viscid when moist,
distinct from the minutely squamulose stem; spores crowded or
biseriate, cylindrical, obtuse, slightly curved, simple, hyaline,
.0007—.0013' long.

Burnt ground under Pteris aqguilina. Greig. September.

This species is allied to G. viride. When moist the spores ooze
out on the viscid surface.

Vierissea LuTEA Peck. (Plate 1, figs. 19-23.)
Plant 6"-12" high, yellow ; receptacle subglobose, smooth, the
margin slightly lobed, inflexed, free; stem nearly equal, solid, a
little more highly colored than the receptacle, longitudinally
wrinkled when dry; asci clavate or cylindrical; spores long,
filiform. : |

Prostrate, mossy trunks of trees and among fallen leaves in
woods. North Elba. August.

The free margin of the receptacle is an anomalous character in
this species. It is larger than the next, the receptacle heing
2'—3" in diameter.

13

(

98 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Viprissra Truncorum J,
Sticks and twigs lying in water. Sandlake. June.

Nopuiarta ACERICOLA n. sp.

Ceespitose, small, fleshy, irregular, pale yellow, open from’ the
first ; disk plane or convex, slightly pruinose, the margin obsolete ;
asci clavate ; spores crowded or biseriate, oblong, sometimes curved,
.001’—.0013' long, .00033' broad ; paraphyses thickened at the tips,
subflexuous, slightly nodulose. :

Dead branches of Acer spicatum. North Elba. August.
The tufts usually contain from three to eight ee and are
about one line broad.

PaTELLARIA INDIGoTICcA C. & P.

Cups sessile, scattered or crowded, nearly plane, margined,
black, the disk tinged with blue; asci subcylindrical ; spores
crowded or biseriate, subclavate, seven to nine-septate, with a
nucleus in each cell, subhyaline, .0015—.002’ long.

Decaying wood. Savannah. October.

The bluish tint of the hymenium is distinctly seen when a por-
tion of the disk is moistened and crushed on the slide of the
microscope.

HELorium EPIPHYLLUM fr.
Decaying leaves in swamps. Sandlake. August.

Prziza vesicuLosa Bull.
Dung heaps. West Albany. June.

Peziza peLiira C. & P.

Sessile, subglobose, then expanded and radiately splitting into
four or five irregular lobes, 6-10" in diameter; externally brown,
clothed with septate flexuous hairs; disk yellowish, sometimes
tinged with red ; asci cylindrical ; spores elliptical, .0007—.001' long ;
paraphyses slightly clavate at the,tips. |

Thin soil covering rocks. Lower Ausable Lake. Adirondack
Mts. July.

Prziza BADIA Pers.

Damp ground and shaded banks by roadsides. Sandlake and
North Elba. August and September.

PerzIzZA STERCOREA Pe7s.
Excrement of cattle. North Elba. August.

ReporT oF THE BOTANIST, 99

Perziza Resinz fF’.

Gum spots on spruce trees, especially on the “ blaze” marks of
old trails and boundary lines in woods. Adirondack Mts. July.

PezizA KALMLE n. sp.
Cups minute, sessile, nearly plane, margined, externally furfura-
ceous and dull gray, the margin at first ineurved; disk pinkish-
brown; spores elliptical, mostly nucleate, .0004' long, .0002’ broad.

Dead stems and branches of Aalmia angustifolia, extending
also on Dothidea Kalmie. Sandlake. September.

Peziza LEucoLoMA Jeb.
Ground among mosses. Genesee, Allegany county. Sept.

Prziza NivEA 7.
Dead stems of herbs. Portville. September.

PrzizA coronata Bull.

Dead stems of herbs. Portville. September.

This is a beautiful species, about one line high and readily
known by the peculiarly ciliate-pectinate margin. The stem is
straight or flexuous.

Prziza Sotenta Peck.

Cups minute, nearly cylindrical, hairy, brown, opening by a con-
tracted white-margined month; spores oblong, crowded or biseriate,
uniseptate, usually with four Fnidlek subhyaline, .0005 long; para-
physes filiform.

Dead stems of Lupatorium ia eri in damp shaded places.
Watkins Glen. September.

The cups are a little longer than broad and appear like some
minute Solenia.

STICTIS RADIATA /7.

Petioles of ash leaves. Portviile. September.
The white margin is sometimes lobed in such a way as to resem-
ble the peridia of A‘cidium.

Crenancium CrepHaLantut Schw.
Dead branches of Cephalanthus occidentalis. Greenbush. July.

TYMPANIS CONSPERSA /7.

Dead trunks of, Prunus Pennsylvanica. Mud Lake, Essex
county. July.
The specimens are sterile and to this extent doubtful.

100 TWENTY-FirtH KkePorr on THE STATE Museum.

RuyrismMa AnpRoMEDE Fr. |
Leaves of Andromeda polifolia. Sandlake. September.

Rayrisma Inrcrs-Canapunsis Schw.
Leaves of Wemopanthes Canadensis. Buffalo. Clinton.

RuYTISMA LINEARE Peck. (Plate 1, figs. 24-26.)
Plant linear, here and there interrupted or constricted, black ;
asci broad, clavate, eight-spored; spores very long, obtuse, strongly
narrowed in the middle, involved in mucus, .002—.003' long.

Leaves of pine trees, Pinus Strobus. Guilderland, Greenbush
and Sandlake. June.

This species is well marked by the singular form of the spores,
which appear to consist of two oblong portions connected by a
narrow neck. It forms a thick black line on the lower surface of
the leaf, often extending the entire length. The leaves that are

attacked soon die and tall to the ground. The specimens that I

have seen are seldom fertile, only those from the first named
locality containing spores.

HysrEerium inicinum De Wot.
Fallen oak leaves. Watkins. September.

Hystrericm scirpinum /7.

Base of dead stems of Scirpus validus. Montezuma marshes.
September.

HystTErIuM comMuNE J.

Dead stems of herbs. Very common. Fertile specimens were
found in September.

Hystrrerium insipens Schw.

Chestnut rails and posts. Poughkeepsie. Gerard. Greenbush.
September to November.

Ilysrertum TortitE Schw.
Bark of Jungperus Virginiana, Poughkeepsie. Gerard.

HypocrREA GELATINOSA //7.
Dead alder branches. Center.

Torrusra opHtIoGLossorpEs Z'u.
Poughkeepsie. Gerard.

XNYLARIA FILIFORMIS A. @ SN.

Dead stems of herbs in a wooded swamp. Portville. Septem-
er

Ne SS

i a

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 101

XYLARIA ACUTA 7. Sp.

Plant gregarious or subceespitose, 1 sf high; club cylindrical
or subfusiform, generally with a sterile acute apex, blackish-brown
central substance white with a radiating structure; stem involved
in a dense purplish mucedinous tomentum which causes it to
appear bulbous; perithecia globose, black ; spores uniseriate, ellip-

_ tical, sometimes slightly curved, colored, .0006-.0007 long.

Mossy decaying logs in ic Greig. September.

This species is related to X. dig gitata ‘from which it differs in its
less exespitose habit, and in the character of the stem and central
substance. According to Fries, XY. digitata has a “simple central
pith,” in this species “the central pith is radiating as in A. poly-
morpha.

HypoxyLon vernicosum Schw. |
Sticks and dead branches. Poughkeepsie. Gerard. Adiron-
t=)
dack Mts. July.

HypoxyLon ATROPURPUREUM ‘/?. . Be

Decaying wood. Buffalo. Clinton.

DiarryrPk atropuncratra Schw. :
Dead branches of oak trees. Greenbush. August.

DYATRYPE DISCRETA Schv.

Dead branches of apple trees. Poughkeepsie. Gerard. Beth-
lehem and Guilderland. May.

DiatryrPE Cercipicota L. & C.

Stroma black, plane, suborbicular, 3’—4’ in diameter, thin, seated
on the inner bark, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, dotted
by the minute depressed or umbilicate at length perforate ostiola ;
perithecia crowded, elliptical or ovate, spores unequally ovate,
colored, .0004' long.

Bark of unknown wood. Buffalo. Clinton.* March.
The inner surface of the bark is stained black. I have seen no

description of this species, but the specimens agree with those

received from Dr. Curtis and nel by him Diatrype Cercidicola
b. & ©.

D1IATRYPE BETULINA 7. Sp. (Plate 1, figs. 27-31.)
Stroma transversely erumpent, elliptical, prominent, penetrating
to the wood on which it forms a white spot surrounded by a black
line, green within, black on the surface, which is nearly plane and

102 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

dotted by the numerous slightly prominent stellate ostiola; peri-
thecia crowded in a single layer, elliptical, black; asci long, con-
taining many spores; spores sausage-shaped, yellowish in the mass,
.0002' long.

Dead branches of birch trees, Betula lutca, in woods. Greig.
September.

This species belongs to the subgenus Diatrypella and may be

readily known by the green stroma. Externally it resembles
Melanconis elliptica.

Evrypa Lata Pers.
Decaying wood. Greenbush and Castleton. May and June.

DorniweEa Trirotiu /Y.
Leaves of clover. Buffalo. Clinton. Sterile.

DoruipEa KALMLE n. sp.

Thin, effuse, investing the branches, black, shining, brownish
within; cells small, whitish within ; asci linear; spores uniseriate,
uniseptate, constricted, subhyaline, .0004—.0005' long, half as broad,
the cells generally nucleate and unequal.

Branches ot Kalmia angustifolia. Sandlake. September.

This plant forms a black crust which entirely surrounds the
smaller branches, and which, in fertile specimens, is seen by care-
ful inspection to be minutely dotted with black points or ostiola.
Within it has the appearance of half charred wood. It kills the
branches attacked. A form of this plant was found in June, desti-
tute of asci but having oblong, simple, spore-like bodies, .0008' long.

MELANCONIS ELLIPTICA 2. Sp.
Stroma transversely erumpent, elliptical, prominent, seated on
and discoloring the inner bark, black on the surface, having an
_ olivaceous tinge within ; perithecia small, immersed in the basal
part of the stroma, subglobose, black ; ostiola few, papillate, some-
times surrounded by an impressed line; spores crowded or biseriate
above, colored, elliptical-oblong, five-septate, .0011’-.0013’ long,
.0005' broad.

Bark of dead birches, Betula populifolia. Center. November
and April. |

This species is apparently related to J. lanciformis, but the
spores are smaller. The aperture in the epidermis is acute at each
end.

VALSA AMBIENS J?

Dead branches of apple trees, also of poplars. Guilderland and
Indian Lake. October and May.

Report oF THE BoTANIST. 103

VALSA THELEBOLA J.
Dead branches of alders. West Albany. June.

Vausa Prarant Schw.
Fallen branches of Platanus occidentalis. Bethlehem. May.

Vasa Vitis Schw. :
Dead branches of grape-vines. Greenbush. November.

Vasa Coxtzuicutus Wormsk.
Dead branches of pine trees. Center. April.

VALSA QUATERNATA 7.
Dead branches of beech trees. Greenbush. August.

Vasa truncata C. & P.

Spermogonia — Cytisporoid, disk erumpent, truncate, pulveru-
lent in the center, sometimes having a bilabiate appearance; sper-
matia amber in the mass, minute, linear.

Ascophore — Erumpent, prominent, truncate; perithecia six to
eight, nestling in the inner bark, globose, black, the necks united
in an elliptical or orbicular black disk which is pierced by the
ostiola and generally pulverulent on the margin ; asci small, lanceo-
late; spores minute, sausage-shaped, hyaline, .00035—.000¥ long.

Dead branches of alders. Johnsburgh, Warren county.
October.

The truncate brownish-powdered disk is a characteristic feature

in this species. The dust of the disk seems to disappear after a
time.

Vasa ALNI 7. sp.

Perithecia nestling in the inner bark, black ; ostiola short, black,
obtuse, dotting the small blackish mostly transversely erumpent
disk; spores crowded or biseriate, sausage-shaped, hyaline,
0004 .0005' long.

Trunks and branches of dead alders. Center. April.
This plant is plentiful where it occurs, rendering the branch
rough for several feet in extent.

VALSA PROFUSA /7?.

Dead branches of locust trees, Pobinia pseudacacia. Albany.
June.
This, according to specimens received from Dr. Curtis, is J/as-
_ saria macrospora B. & C. In both this and the next species the
bark is stained black by the spores oozing out as in Massaria.

104 Twenry-FirTtH REPoRT on THE STATE Museum.

Vasa HApatocystis B. & Br. 7
Dead branches of Platanus occidentalis. Bethlehem. April.

Massarta Arcus Zul. - | _
Dead branches of birch trees. Portville. September.

SpiazRiA HIRSUTA L/P.
Decaying wood. Sandlake. October.

SPHARIA BOMBARDA Latsch,
Decaying wood. Portville. September.

Spo »RIA MORIFORMIS Zode.
Decaying wood. Catskill Mts. July.

SPHARIA PULVERACEA Lhrh.
Bark of oak trees. Greenbush. August.

SPH HRIA SALICELLA L7.
Dead branches of willows. Greenbush. May.

SpH#£RiA RAMULICOLA 7. Sp.
- Perithecia small, scattered, seated on the inner bark, erumpent
by an angular or subcircular aperture, subglobose, subfibrous,
black, white within ; ostiola minute, indistinct; asci cylindrical ;
spores elliptical, uniseriate, biseptate, slightly constricted, colored,
.0008—.0011’' long, .00055" broad.

Dead twigs of elm trees. Greenbush. May.
‘nie perithecia are abundant on all sides of Ae smaller branches,
rendering them rough to the touch.

Spo eriaA VAccINIcoLa Schw.
Dead twigs of Vaccinium corymbosum. Sandlake.-

Spuurta Pezizuia B. & C. |
Dead branches of Cornus alternifolia. Sandlake. April.

SpueRIA LILACINA Schw. A
Dead stems of Phytolacca decandra. ‘Trenton Falls. September.

SpH-ERIA RUBELLA Pers.
Dead stems oftherbs. Castleton. June.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIS’. 105

SpH#riA EcceNtTRICA C. & P.

Perithecia scattered, depressed, black, at first covered by the
epidermis which is pierced by the eccentric or lateral curved acute
rostellate ostiola, at length superficial; asci subclavate; spores
crowded or biseriate, subfusiform, four-nucleate, hyaline, .00035’
long. |

I
Dead stems of Polygonum. Albany and Portville. June an «
September.

‘Spu#ria Periotorum Schw.
Fallen petioles of ash trees. Guilderland. May.

SPH@HRIA KatMrarum Schw.
Fallen leaves of Aalmia latifolia. Watkins. September.

SPH#RIA MELANOSTYLA /7.
Fallen leaves of Zilia Americana. Helderberg Mts. May.

SpH@RIA FRAxICOLA Schw.

Fallen leaves of ash trees. Greenbush. November.

The specific name is apparently badly formed. Probably it was
intended for /raxinicola, but that name is now applied to another
species.

SPH4RIA LEUCOPLACA BB. & R.
Excrement of cattle. Buffalo. Clinton. Center. November.

_SPH#RELLA SPLENIATA C. & P.

Perithecia minute, closely grouped in rather large, distant, sub-
orbicular or angular clusters, globose, black, nestling in the tomen-
tum of the leaf; asci linear; spores oblong, hyaline, uniseptate,
.0005—.0006' long.

Under surface of fallen leaves of oak trees, Quercus bicolor
Willd. Greenbush. June.

VENTURIA ORBICULA CU. & P.

Perithecia minute, globose, superficial, black, collected in orbi-
cular clusters, hispid with persistent black bristles; asci short,
subclavate; spores crowded, uniseptate, with the cells generally
unequal, colored, .0004' long, .00018' broad.

Under surface of fallen leaves of oak trees, Quercus montana
Willd. Sandlake, Albany and Guilderland. May and June.

The spots are about one-fourth of an inch in diameter and the
upper surface of the leaf is mottled by them.

14

TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

1.06
VENTURIA PULCHELLA (1. & P..
Perithecia small, grouped in irregular or angular clusters, black
hispid with shining black bristles; asci cylindrical; spores uniseri-
ate, uniseptate, with the cells generally nnequal, slightly colored,

.0004' long.

Under surface of leaves of Cassandra calyculata. Center.
November to June.

Fertile specimens were obtained in April. The affected leaves
soon fall to the ground.

VENTURIA COMPACTA . Sp.
Perithecia small, usually grouped in orbicular compact luster

black, rough with numerous short black bristles; asci linear ;
spores uniseriate or crowded, uniseptate, with the cells generally
unequal, greenish or olivaceous, .0005—.0006' long.

Under surface of leaves of the cranberry, Vacciniwm macrocar-

pum. Sandlake. June to September.
Fertile specimens were obtained in September.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 107

NEW STATIONS OF RARE PLANTS, REMARKABLE VARIETIES AND
OBSERVATIONS.
Cornus Canavensis ZL.
A torm of this plant was found at Greig, in which the peduncle
was divided near the summit and supported two or three clusters
of flowers. The involucres were rose-colored.

LAPPA OFFICINALIS V. TOMENTOSA G7.
New Baltimore. Howe.

Vaccinium ozspitosum Jiche.
This plant and Carex urrigua Smith, must be added to the
flowering plants found on the open summit of Mt. Marcy.

Myrica CERIFERA L. |
Banks ot the Hudson, half a mile north of Cold Spring.

AOCNIDA CANNABINA L.
This sea-coast plant has been found at New Baltimore. Howe.

Scirpus Torrey Olney.
Shores of Schroon Lake.
The stigmas in any particular flower develop before-the anthers
of that flower and are withered by the time these are mature,
thereby insuring cross fertilization.

Carex vititis “7.
This is the only Carex found on the open summit of Dix’s Peak.
No grass grows there. This is remarkable, because on all the
other high open summits of the Adirondacks that I have visited
several species of grasses and Carices occur.

EQuisETUM PALUSTRE V. RAMOSISSIMUM.

Strawberry Island. Clinton.
The specimen is much more branched than usual and the
branches are themselves furnished with branchlets.

PHEGOPTERIS POLYPODIOIDES V. MULTIFIDUM Lowe.
This singluar variety occurs sparingly in the Adirondack Mts.

AspPIpIUM AcuULEATUM Swartz.
This very rare fern was reported from the Adirondack Mts.
many years ago by Dr. W. &. Macrae, but, until the present
season, had not since been found there. In a recent botanical

108 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

tour I detected it in two localities; one in the ravine below Rain-
bow Falls, near the outlet of Lower Ausable Lake, the other at
the base of Bartlett Mt. Probably it occurs in other places east
of Mt. Marcy and in the ravines of the Gothies.

W oopsiIA GLABELLA 22. Br.

The form at Lake Avalanche is larger than that at Little Falls
and approaches more closely in appearance to W. Llvensis.

BotrycHium simplex [72tch.

Otisco. S. WV. Cowles.

OrtTHOTRICHUM CANADENSE £7. & Sch.

Most of the specimens formerly referred to this species are now
considered to be O. Ohwoense S. & L., ined.

ORTHOTRICHUM LEIOCARPUM Bb?7. & Sch.

The specimens formerly referred to this species are a form of
O. speciosum Nees, with the dry capsule entirely smooth. It may
be distinguished from O. lecocarpum by its having only eight cilia.

ORTHOTRICHUM PSILOCARPUM James.

This is synonymous with O. pusdllwm Mitten, by which it is |
antedated. ;

HyYPNUM MICROCARPUM V. ANISocARPUM Bry. Hur.

Helderberg Mts. Austin. Remarkable for the very long
rostrum of the operculum. 3

PLAGIOTHECIUM PILIFERUM V. BREVIPILUM Bry. Hur.

The sterile form somewhat doubtfully thus referred in a former
report is found to be Plagiothecoum Mullerranum Schp. Mr.
Austin sends fertile specimens from Sam’s Point, Ulster county.

Acaricus Americanvus Pk.

This plant sometimes grows in large tufts of twenty or thirty
individuals. It is at first nearly white. The annulus is slightly
attached to the stem and is sometimes fugacious. The spores are
broadly ovate or subglobose, generally nucleate, .00035’ long.

AGARICUS OCHROPURPUREUS Berk.

This species is found from June to September. It occurred in
Greenbush the past season in great abundance. It often manifests
a tendency to grow in circles,

Report or THE BovTAaNIst. 109

AGARICUS CAMPESTRIS V. VILLATICUS Brond.

This large and well marked variety was found as early as June
in rich soil near Albany.

LAcrARIvs tvipus £7.

This plant usually grows in swamps, but fine specimens were
found growing on dry soil under pine trees at Center.

Russuta Maria PA. :
Near Albany. The spores are yellow.

Ponyporus ELEGANS /7?.

Specimens were found in the Adirondack woods with the stem
entirely black, and in some instances with a black spot on the
pileus opposite the insertion of the stem.

UreEpo Prrota Grev.

There are three distinct varieties of this species. The first,
which is the most common, is without spot, the sori are numerous,
equal, rotund and occupy the whole under surface of leaves of
Pyrola rotundifolia ; the second has a brownish spot and the
small rotund sori are distantly scattered over the under surface of
leaves of P. secunda; the third has the sori large, irregular
and confluent, long covered by the epidermis and occupying the
lower surface of leaves of P. secunda. It sometimes succeeds the
second variety on the same leaf.

AXcip1uom Hovstonratum Schw.
Slope of Mt. Marcy on Houstonia cerulea.

ALCIDIUM TENUE Schw.

Sandlake in September. It usually occurs in July. In the
present instance the plants on which the Atcidium was found had
been eaten at the top by cattle. New branches had grown out
beneath the injured part and on the leaves of these the parasite
occurred. The inference is, that the age of the leaf has some
influence in determining the time of the appearance of the parasite.

PILEoLARIA BREVIPES B. & R.

The spores are vertically flattened when dry, but under the
influence of moisture they soon become globose. The specific
name seems quite inappropriate unless it be a comparative one, for
the peduncles are several times longer than the spures.

ToruLA POPULINA Pk.

This is not a good Torula and must be referred to the genus
Myxormia.

1/0 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

(5)

Synopsis oF New York Poccinia.
PUCCINIA Pers.

Uredo spores subglobose, brand spores uniseptate, supported on a
distinct peduncle—Hand-book of British Fungi.

The minute plants included in this genus are known by the
common names brand, mildew and, in one condition, rust. They
grow upon the leaves and stems of living plants, and consist of
obscure filaments imbedded in the tissue of the affected part and of
dense tufts or clusters of spores which spring from them. In many
species a discolored spot, which is also sometimes distorted or swollen
in appearance, marks the position of these spore clusters.. They are
at first covered by the epidermis of the leaf, but as they advance
~ toward maturity they push this up in the form of little swellings or
pustules. Soon the pressure becomes so great that the epidermis
bursts, revealing the little, compact, cushion-like cluster of upright
spores, nestling within its rnptured walls. These spore clusters or
sori, as they are sometimes called, vary in size in different species
and even in the same species, but they seldom exceed one line in
diameter. In some species found on grasses, they frequently become
confluent or greatly elongated in one direction and form long parallel
lines between the veinlets of the leaf. In one species they are scat-
tered about irregularly, in another, crowded together in orbicular
groups or patches, and in a third they are both scattered and elus-
tered. Sometimes they occur upon both surfaces of the leaves they
inhabit, but most often on the lower surface only, and very rarely on
the upper surface alone.

The color of the spores, as seen in. a mass, is some shade of brown
or black, and at a little distance the affected stems and leaves appear
to be blackened in spots as if scorched by fire, whence probably the
application of the term “ brand ” to these plants.

A transverse septum or partition at or near the middle of each
spore divides it into two parts or cells., In some species the spore is
much constricted at this dividing line, causing it to appear as if a
band were closely drawn around it. In each cell a small globule or
nucleus is sometimes seen, but this is not a constant mark. The
young spores are paler in color and often more narrow and pointed
than those that are mature. The prevailing forms are elliptical, oblong
and clavate. Generally, in those species with elliptical spores, the
peduncle is short and hyaline, but in other cases it is various, being
short or long, hyaline or colored, according to the species.

Species of Puccinia may be found almost any time from May to
October, but the greater number of species appear in late summer
and in autumn. Sometimes they persist through the winter, and old
stems and leaves may be found in early spring, infested by the
Puccinia of the preceding year.

Se ee

ReEPorT oF THE BoTANIST. BS (9

That these parasites are injurious to the plants they attack is
manifest, since they diminish their vigor and thus impair both the
quantity and quality of the seed. It is this fact that makes “rust ”
and ‘‘ mildew ;’’ words of such terrible import to the farmer. He
dreads the advent into his grain fields of the pest they indicate, and
the fearful injury it is capable of inflicting upon his pecuniary interests.

The condition of these plants known as “rust” or Trichobasis
generally precedes the true Puccinia development. In this state the

’ spores are of a reddish-yellow or rust color, subglobose in form and

simple. They have no septum, and when fully mature no peduncle.
But sometimes the two kinds of spores may be found intermingled
in the same sorus. |

In the following synopsis an attempt has been made to group the
species according to their affinities and to give the characters so fully
that the student may satisfactorily identify the species. The color
of the spot is given as it appears on the upper surface of the leaf, or
on that surface which is opposite the spore clusters. The measure-
ments are of moistened spores and are given in decimals of an inch.
They may in some eases be a little too large for dry spores. Figures
of the spores have been drawn by the aid of the camera lucida, they
being uniformly magnified four hundred diameters. Although the
spores in the same species and even in the same cluster vary within
certain limits, they doubtless furnish the most reliable characters for
the discrimination of the species. In selecting spores for illustration,
those were chosen which seemed to represent the prevailing form or
forms in each species.

$1. Spores ellaptical, obtuse, not at all or but slightly constricted ;
peduncle very short, hyaline.

1. P. puntcneLita Peck. Currant Brand.
Spots yellow or greenish-yellow, orbicular, rarely confluent ;
sori small, circinating, sometimes confluent, blackish-brown ; spores
001.0013" long, .0006’ broad.

Upper surface of leaves of Ribes prostratum. North Elba,
Essex county. July. -

This species is as rare as it is beautiful, having been found in no
other locality than the one reported. It is remarkable, from the
fact that the sori occur only on the upper surface of the leaf.
These are usually arranged in two circles, one within the other,
and both surrounding a central sorus or cluster of confluent sori.
The apa are about one-eighth of an inch in diameter and nearly
equal.

2. P. mesomasatis B. & C. Clintonia Brand.
_ Spots orbicular or elliptical, dull yellowish or brown, sometimes
with a darker margin ; sori minute, surrounded by the ruptured
remains of the epidermis, clustered, frequently crowded, cinnamon-

112 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

brown ; spores somewhat irregular, .001’—.0013' long, .0006'—.0007
broad. !

Leaves of Clintonia borealis. Adirondack Mts. July to Sep-
tember.

The sori normally occur on the upper surface of the leaf, but
there are usually a few on the lower surface. I have seen no
description of this species, and depend upon the authentication of
my specitnens by Rev. M. A. Curtis for the correctness of their
reference.

3. P. Viorarum Lk. Violet Brand.

Hypogenous ; spots yellowish ; sori small or minute, clustered or
scattered, at first covered by the epidermis, then surrounded by its
ruptured remains, brown; spores broadly elliptical, .001—.0013/
long, .0008—-.0009’ broad. .

Leaves of violets. Common. July to September.

A torm with the sori minute and scattered over the whole under
surface of the leaves occurs on Viola pubescens. ‘The Uredo form
of this species is Zrzchobasis Violarum Lev. |

4. P. Myrruis Schw.

Amphigenous; spots pallid or yellowish, sometimes none; sori
small, scattered or loosely clustered, blackish-brown ; spores broadly
elliptical, .001—.0013' long, .0008’ broad. ©

Leaves of sweet cicely, Osmorrhiza brevistylis ana O. longistylis.

Our specimens do not agree strictly with the perplexingly brief
description of Schweinitz, but they can scarcely be more than a
mere variety, differing in the color of the spores and sometimes in
the presence of spets on the leaves. The species is very close to
the next, differing chiefly in the smaller size of the spores, a dif-
ference which extends also to the Uredo form.

5. P. Umperiirprarum DC. |
Amphigenous; spots none; sori small, scattered, dark-brown ;
spores somewhat irregular, slightly constricted, sometimes narrowed
toward the base, .0013—.0016' long, .0008' broad.

Leaves of Archangelica atropurpurea. NorthGreenbush. July
to September.

The dull color of the sori causes the leaf to appear as if mottled
with numerous small areas of dead tissue. The spores in our spe-
cimens agree exactly with those of European specimens. Z72cho-
basis Umbellatarum Lev. is the Uredo form.

6. P. vartaninis Grev. Variable Brand. |
Amphigenous; spots none; sori small, scattered, snbrotund,
surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, blackish-brown ; spores

et Tc a

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 113

subelliptical, variable, 001.0013’ long, .0008—.0009' broad, the
cells sometimes subdivided.

Leaves of the dandelion, Taraxacum Dens-leonis. New Balti-
more. September to November. fev. J. L. Zabriskie.

The remarkable feature of this species is the variable form of the
spores; yet in this character even, it approaches some forms of
the next species very closely. It attacks especially the leaves of
young or seedling plants. The peduncle is sometimes attached to
the side of the spore. I have seen no American specimens with
the spore cells subdivided.

7. P. Compostrarum Schl. Composite Brand.
Amphigenous; spots pallid or none; sori small, subrotund, sur-
rounded by the ruptured epidermis, brown; spores .0013’—.0016’
long, .0008—.001’ broad.

Leaves and stems of Canada thistle, Cursewm arvense. Common.
August to October.

Variety WVabalz has the spores broadly elliptical or subglobose
and generally a little smaller. It occurs on leaves of Wabalus
albus. Trichobasis Cichoracearum Lev. is the Uredo form.

§ 2. Spores aculeate.

8. P. acutzata Schw. Mandrake Brand.

Hypogenous; spots large, angular, often confluent, yellow or
brown ; sori small, loosely clustered, surrounded by the ruptured
epidermis, brown or blackish-brown; spores elliptical or oblong,
obtuse, scarcely constricted, sometimes slightly tapering toward the
base, rough with prominent spine-like teeth, .0016’—.0022' long,
.0008’—.001’ broad; peduncle very short or indistinct, often want-
TDs: |=

Leaves of mandrake, Podophyllum peltatum. Common. June
and July.

This is the P. Podophylli of Schweinitz Fungi of North Caro-

lina. It sometimes occurs associated with Aezdium Podophylli
Schw.

§ 3. Spores irregular, subelliptical or ovate, generally with a small
pustule or apiculus at the apex; peduncle short, easily separating.

9. P. rrtpustrutata Pk. Blackberry Brand.

Hypogenous; spots small, distinct, angular, yellow; sori very
minute, few, loosely clustered, brown ; spores triangular, sometimes
ovate, not at all or but slightly constricted, mostly tripustulate,
.0013—.0016' long, .0008’—.0009' broad.

15

114 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Leaves of the blackberry, Aubus villosus. Greig. September.
Not common.

The pustules of the spores are hyaline and more distinet when
the spores are moist or fresh. When the peduncle is absent a
pustule appears to occupy its former place of attachment, so that
usually a pustule is seen on each of the three prominent points of
the spore. ‘The apex sometimes has two pustules. The spots are
limited by the veinlets of the leaves.

10. P. Pucxtana Howe. Raspberry Brand.

Hypogenous; spots mostly indefinite or confluent, yellow, some-
times none; sori very minute, scattered, brown; spores ovate,
sometimes triangular, not constricted, often abruptly pointed at the
base, .0013—.0016' long, .0008’—.0009' broad.

Leaves of raspberries, Lvubus strigosus and f. occidentalis:
New Baltimore. Howe. Poughkeepsie. Gerard. North Green-
bush. August to October.

This species is closely related to the preceding one, although by
its different habit it is readily distinguished from it without micro-
scopical examination. ‘The spores often have a hyaline pustule at
the apex and when fully mature are seldom found with the pedun-
cle attached. |

11. P. Norrranerris Cd. Balsam Brand.

Hypogenous; spots brown or none, sometimes concave above,
convex below; sori scattered or gregarious, unequal, prominent,
reddish-brown; spores scarcely constricted, with a hyaline pustule
at the apex, .001—.0013' long, .0006’ broad.

Leaves of touch-me-not, Impatiens fulua. Oherry Valley. Octo-
ber.

This species seems to be rare with us, having been found, so far
as I know, only in the locality here given. Our specimens do not
agree strictly with the description, the sori being seldom found on
brown spots. I have not seen the Uredo form, but it is said to be
Uredo Impatientis Rabh. A variety with spores a little larger
was found by Dr. Howe at New Baltimore, growing on leaves of
Polygonum dumetorum.

12. P. Cryeroranta Peck. Honewort Brand.

Hypogenous; spots small, pallid or yellowish, sometimes tinged
with purple, dotted by the sori, occasionally confluent; sori minute,
clustered, at first covered by the epidermis, then surrounded by its
pale ruptured remains which continue in the form of a small pustule
with a contracted subcircular opening at the apex, reddish-brown ;
spores subelliptical, scarcely constricted, crowned with a hyaline
pustule .0011—.0016' long, .0006' broad.

ce

REPORT oF THE BoTANIST. 115

Leaves and petioles of honewort, Cryptotenia Canadensis.
Common. June.

The spores closely resemble those of the preceding species, but
in habit and in the character of the sori it is quite distinct. The
leaves of the honewort are so thin that the sori form little dot-like
elevations on the upper surface.

13. P. Martz-Witsont Clinton Spring-Beauty Brand:
Amphigenous; spots none; sori scattered or clustered, unequal,
at first covered by the epidermis, then surrounded by its ruptured
remains, reddish-brown ; spores subelliptical, scarcely constricted,
crowned with a pustule, .0013—.0018' long, .0007—.0008’ broad.

Leaves and stems of the spring beauty, Claytonia Caroliniana.
Buffalo. Clinton. Knowersville. May.

This species is closely related to the two preceding, but differs
from both by its habit and larger spores. It is sometimes found
associated with Aeidiwm Claytoniatum Schw., growing on the
same plant and even on the same leaf.

14. P. Trsarettez B.d& C. Mitrewort Brand.

Spots brown or reddish-brown, sometimes margined with yellow;
sori scattered, prominent, reddish-brown; spores subelliptical or
oblong, slightly constricted, subacuminate, .001—.0013’ long,
.0005—.0006' broad ; peduncle one-fourth to one-half the length of
the spore. )

Leaves of mitrewort, Ziarella cordifolia. Sandlake and Wat-
kins. August and September.

The sori are generally on the lower surface of the leaf, but some-
times they occur plentifully on the upper surface. I have seen no
description of this species, but have speeimens from Dr. Curtis
which are labeled with this name and are identical with mine.

§ 4. Spores echinulate, peduncle various.

15. P. Mentu am Pers. Mini Brand.

Hypogenous ; spots yellow, brown or purplish, sometimes none ;
sori unegual, subrotund, scattered or clustered, blackish-brown or
black ; spores subglobose or vertically flattened, not constricted,
-0O1' long, .0008" broad; peduncle hyaline, equal to or exceeding
the length of the spore.

Leaves of various mints, Mentha Canadensis, Monarda jistulosa
and Hedeoma pulegioides. Bufialo. Clinton. New Baltimore.
Howe. Greenbush and Watkins. September and October.

The American specimens, var. Americana, differ from the
European in having the spores distinctly echinulate, and this

116 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

peculiarity extends also to the Uredo form, Trichobasis Labiata-.
rum Lev. The two forms generally grow together upon the same
plant and sometimes in the same sorus. The dry spores are flat-
tened at each end and shorter than when moist.

16. P. Anemones Pers. Anemone Brand.

Hypogenous; spots none; sori nearly equal, subrotund, promi-
nent, scattered, rarely closely placed and confluent, brown ; spores
strongly constricted, .0013—.0016' long, .0007—.0008' broad, the
two parts nearly globose and equal; peduncle hyaline, short.

Leaves of the wind flower and meadow rue, Anemone nemorosa
and Thalictrum cornutt. Common May to July.

17. P. Prunortm Lk. Plum-tree Brand.
Hypogenous; spots yellowish, often tinged with purple, some-
times none; sori subrotund, scattered, dark brown; spores slightly
constricted, .0016—.002’ long, .0008-.001' broad; peduncle hya-
line, seldom more than half the length of the spore.

Leaves of wild cherry, Prunus serotina. Buffalo. Clinton.
September.

This species seems to be rare. The specimens were found on
the leaves of very young trees. ‘The upper spore cell is generally —
broader than the lower.

§ 5. Spores oblong or oblong-clavate, peduncle various.
18. P. Gatiorum Lk. Bedstraw Brand.

Hypogenous; spots none or indistinct; sori unequal, scattered,
surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, brown or blackish-brown 5
spores oblong, compact, slightly constricted, .0013—.0016 long,
.0005’ broad; peduncle generally equal to or exceeding half the
length of the spore.

Leaves of Galium trifiorum. Buffalo. Clenton. Portville.
September. Rare.

I have found this species but once and then on a single plant
only. The Uredo form 1 is Trechobasis Gali Lev.

19. P. Heritantat Schw. Sunflower Brand.

Hypogenous; spots none; sori subrotund, prominent, stueeeredl
sometimes closely placed, blackish-brown or black ; spores oplanee
elliptical, obtuse, slightly constricted, .0016—.002' long, .0008—
.00L’ broad; peduncle hyaline, equal to or exceeding the length of
the spore.

Report or THE BovTANIST. 117

Leaves of various species of Helianthus. Common. September
and October.

In his Synopsis of N. A. Fungi, Schweinitz changed the name
of this species to P. Helianthorum.

20. P. irvestita Schw. Cudweed Brand.

Hypogenous ; spots yellow or none; sori small, subrotund, scat-
tered or clustered, blackish-brown or black ; spores oblong, slightly
constricted, obtuse or somewhat pointed, .0016—.002’ long, .0008’
broad ; peduncle hyaline, one-half to wholly as long as the spore.

Leaves and stems of various species of Gnaphalium. Fort
Edward. Howe. West Albany. Autumn. Not common.

The sori are partly concealed by the tomentum of the plants
they inhabit. Those on the steins remain through the winter and
may be found in spring. This species is sometimes associated with

eidium Gnaphaliatum.

21. P. mmnvutota Pk. Minute Brand.

Hypogenous; spots suborbicular, sometimes confluent, yellow,
often with a purple or brown center; sori clustered, crowded,
minute, blackish-brown or black; spores oblong, slightly con-
stricted, mostly obtusely pointed, .0016—.0022' long, .0006—.0007
broad; peduncle colored, rarely as long as the spore.

: Leaves of the tall goldenrod, Solidago altissima. Catskill
( mountains. July. Rare.
| This species is very closely related to the European P. Virgau-
| rece and perhaps ought to be considered an American variety instead
| of a distinct species. It differs, however, in having the spots more
| highly colored and usually stained with brown or purple, in the
dull, not shining, blackish color of the more crowded sori and in
the usually nucleated, longer and more pointed spores. The sori
sometimes arrange themselves along the veinlets of the leaves but
do not show clearly the “stellate” character of P. Virgawree.

22. P. Xantut Schw. Cocklebur Brand.

Hypogenous; spots unequal, suborbicular, plane or concave
above and convex below, sometimes confluent, yellowish, often
with a purple or brown center; sori clustered, small, crowded,
sometimes circinating, blackish-brown; spores oblong, slightly
constricted, generally obtusely pointed, .0016~-.0022' long,
.0006—-.0007 broad; peduncle colored, one-half to wholly as long

_ as the spore. |

Leaves of cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium. Common. Sep-
tember and October.

118 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSUEM.

23. P. Asterts Schw. Aster Brand.

Hypogenous; spots suborbicular, unequal, sometimes confluent,
generally- concave above and convex below, yellow, often stained
with red purple or brown; sori clustered, distinct, crowded or -
confluent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, blackish-brown
or black; spores oblong-clavate, constricted, .0015—.0019' long,
.0006'—.0007 broad ; peduncle slightly colored, one-half to wholly
as long as the spore.

Leaves of asters,’ especially of Aster macrophyllus. Common.
July to September.

This is a very variable species. Variety purpurascens ©. & P.
has the spots plane,. mostly purple and occupied by a few distinct
small sori, with the spores a little smaller. It inhabits Aster
acuminatus. Adirondack Mts.

24. P. Gerarpu Pk. Gerard’s Brand.

Spots as,in the preceding species; sori clustered, compaetly
crowded together or,confluent, tawny or cinnamon-brown ; spores
and peduncle as in the preceding, but paler in color.

Leaves of asters and goldenrods, especially of Aster sumplew.

This species is perhaps ‘too’ near the preceding, from which it
may, however, be distinguished at®a glance by the different color of
the sori and their densely confluent or matted mode of growth,
which frequently causes the whole cluster to appear like one very
large sorus. Sometimes the sori occur quite abundantly on the
upper surface of the leaf.

25. P. Crrcmm Pers. . |

Hypogenous; spots pallid or brownish; sori clustered, small,

often confiuent, brown or,tawny ; spores oblong, generally obtusely

i pointed, .001-.0013' long, .0005’ broad; peduncle mostly thick,
about as long as the spore.

Leaves of Circea Lutetiana and C. alpma. Common. July
to September.

In all our specimens on C. Lutetvana the sori have a dense
matted appearance, but in all on C. alpina they are smaller and
distinct, sometimes beautifully circinating and a little darker
colored.

26. P. soripa Schw. Compact Brand.

_ _Hypogenous;. spots unequal, brown or purplish, often concave
above and convex below; sori clustered or scattered, compact,
sometimes densely matted together, blackish-brown or black;
spores oblong-clavate, narrow, constricted, .0016—.0022' long,
.0005' broad ; peduncle very short.

Report or THE BoTAaNIst. 119

Leaves of Anemone Pennsylvanica and A. Virginiana. Fort
Edward. Howe. Greenbush. May.: Not common.

This is P. Anemones-Virginiane Schw. in Fungi of Nerth
Carolina. The lower cell of the spore gradually tapers toward
the base till it is scarcely broader than the peduncle.

27. P. Lyonnmrarum Lk. Lychus Brand.

Hypogenous; spots pallid or cream-colored ; sori unequal, scat-
tered or clustered, subrotund or oblong, sometimes circinating and
confluent, brown; spores oblong, narrow, constricted, obtusely
pointed, .0016—.002’ long, .0005’ broad; peduncle subhyaline,
equal to or exceeding the length of the spore.

Leaves of some cultivated Dianthus. New Baltimore. Howe.
The spores in this and the three preceding species are pale in
color when seen through the microscope.

28. P. Pyrotz Cooke. Polygala Brand.

Hypogenous; spots pallid or cream-colored, sometimes margined
with brown or purplish hues; sori numerous, clustered, surrounded
by the ruptured epidermis, subcircinating, sometimes crowded,
black ; spores elliptical or obovate, obtuse, slightly constricted,
.0013—.0016 long, .0006—-.0007 broad; peduncle subhyaline,
generally equal to or exceeding the length of the spore.

Leaves, petioles and stems of the flowering wintergreen, Polygala
paucyolia. Bergen swamp. Clinton. Sandlake and Portville.
May to September.

The name of this species is not appropriate. P. Polygale would
be better, as the plant has yet been found on Polygala paucifolia
only. It is not at all likely that it will ever occur on any species
of Pyrola.

29. P. acuminata Pk. Dwarf-Cornel Brand.

Hypogenous; spots brown or reddish-brown, sometimes tinged
with purple; sori large, clustered or scattered, compact, promi-
nent, often confluent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis,
black ; spores oblong, constricted, obtusely pointed or acuminate,
.0018'—.0025' long, .0006—.0007 broad; peduncle colored, one-
half to wholly as long as the spore.

Leaves of the dwarf cornel, Cornus Canadensis. Sandlake and
Adirondack Mts. August.

This is a very pretty and distinct specics. The clusters of sori
are small and often arranged in a circle around a free central space
or around a single sorus. The acumination of the spore is varia-
ble, being abrupt and short, gradual and long, straight or oblique,
central or removed to one side. The spots are sometimes concave

120 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

above, convex below. The purplish tint, when present, is more
conspicuous on the under surface of the leaf.

30. P. Watpsteinre Curt. Dry-strawberry Brand.

Habit, spots and sori as in the preceding species; spores
oblong or oblong-clavate, constricted, obtuse, .0016—.002' long,
.0005—.0006 broad; peduncle colored, equal to or exceeding the
length of the spore.

Leaves of the dry strawberry, Waldstecnia fragarioides. Fort
Edward. Howe. Portville. September. |
In external appearance this species is much like the preceding
one, but the spores are smaller and obtuse and the peduncle is
longer. [I have seen no description of this species and take the

name from the labeling of Dr. Howe’s specimens.

31. P. Potyconorum Lk. Polygonum Brand.

Spots yellowish, often confluent; sori minute, scattered or clus-
tered, sometimes crowded together in a confused manner, blackish-
brown or black; spores obovate or oblong-clavate, generally
constricted, obtuse, .0013—.0018' long, .0006’ broad; pedunele
colored, very short.

Leaves of various species of knotgrass, Polygonum amphibium,
P. Pennsylvanicum and P. Virginianum. Buffalo. Clinton.
New Baltimore. Howe. September and October.

The sori sometimes occur abundantly on the upper surface of
the leaf. The upper cell of the spore is usually shorter than the
lower and is sometimes nearly globose. Z7ichobasis Polygonorum |
Lev. is the Uredo form.

32. P. Convotvuti B. & C. Morning-glory Brand.

Hypogenous; spots yellow or brownish, sometimes indistinct or
none; sori unequal, scattered, for a long time covered by the
epidermis, then surrounded by its ruptured remains, black ; spores
oblong or oblong-clavate, broad, constricted, obtuse, .0018—.0022’
long, .0008—.001’ broad; peduncle colored, thick, about half as
long as the spore.

Leaves and stems of the wild morning-glory, Calystegia
seprum. Common. October and November. 2

The sori frequently occupy the whole under surface of the leaf
and before the epidermis is ruptured havealivid hue. I have seen
no description of this species, but have specimens from Dr. Curtis,
which are labeled with this name and are identical with mine. I ©
cannot distinguish the Uredo form of this species from that of the
preceding one.

/

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. Le

383. P. optecta Peck. Midden Brand.

Cauline; sori unequal, often very large, angular or orbicular,
scattered or confluent, slightly elevated, long covered by the
epidermis, black; spores oblong or oblong-clavate, sometimes
curved, constricted, obtuse or obtusely pointed, .0018—.0024' long,
.0008' broad; peduncle colored, seldom half as long as the spore.

Stems of the lake rush, Scirpus validus. Watkins and Monte-
zuma marshes. September. Also on Scirpus pungens. Albany.
October.

The green stems of the rush are often mottled by discolored
spots, a sterile or imperfect state of this fungus, but I have found
fertile specimens on very old dead stems only.

34. P. coronata Cd. Crowned Pranid Mildew.

Amphigenous ; spots pallid or yellowish; sori narrow, oblong or
linear, crowded, long covered by the epidermis, then surrounded
by its ruptured remains, black; spores oblong, not constricted,
: mostly tapering toward the base, truncate at the apex and crowned
with a few prominent blunt tooth-like processes, .0016~.0022°
long, .0006' broad ; peduncle colored, very short.

Leaves of grasses and cereals. Common. August and Septem-
ber.
This species is well marked by the apical crown of teeth,

85. P. vinegars Peck. Linear Grass Brand.

Amphigenous ; sori very narrow, deeply seated, oblong or linear,
parallel, crowded, long covered by the epidermis, black ; spores
oblong, slightly tapering toward the base, not constricted, very
obtuse or truncate, .0018-.0024 long, .0006° broad; peduncle
colored, very short.

Leaves and sheaths of grasses. Watkins. September.
This is closely related to the preceding species but is without
the apical teeth of the spore.

86. P. eramints Pers. Grass Brand. Corn Mildew.
Amphigenous; sori oblong or linear, crowded or confluent, often
parallel, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, black; spores
obovate oblong or oblong-clavate, slightly constricted, generally
obtusely pointed, sometimes obtuse, .0016—.0024 long, .0006
broad ; peduncle colored, one-half to wholly as long as the spore.

Leaves and sheaths of grasses and cereals. Very common and
variable. Autumn and spring.

Probably this Puccinia is more injurious to the interests of the
farmer than any other. Its Uredo torm is the Uredo Rubigo of

16

122 TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

the older authors, Zrichobasis Rubigo-vera Lev. In this con-
dition it is the “rust” of the grain fields.

Variety brevicarpa has the sori smaller, the spores obovate or
elliptical, generally obtuse, .0011—.0015’ long, and the peduncle
thick. It occurs especially on Panicum capillare, and may be P.
emaculata Schw. I have received it labeled “P. striola,” but it
certainly runs into the present species. It occurs oftener on the
leaves than on the sheaths, but the ordinary form is most abun-
dant on the sheaths, sometimes rendering whole internodes black.

87. P. arunpinacea Hedw. Lteed Brand.

Amphigenous; sori subrotund or oblong, sometimes doh item
prominent, blackish -brown; spores oblong, obtuse or apiculate,
strongly constricted, site in the middle, .0016—.0023' long,
.0007—.0008' broad ; peduncle subhyaline, two to four times as —
long as the spore.

Leaves of Phragmites communis. Montezuma marshes. Sep-
tember.

I have seen no American specimens with apiculate spores. This
is P. Arundinarie Schw.

38. P. striota Lk. Sedge Brand.
Hypogenous; spots pallid or none; sori oblong or linear, some- —
times crowded, prominent, surrounded or partly covered by the |
ruptured remains of the epidermis, blackish-brown or black ; spores
oblong or oblong-clavate, slightly constricted, obtuse, .0016—.002'
long, .0006—.0007 broad; peduncle slightly colored, one-half to
wholly as long as the spore.

Leaves of various sedges. Autumn. Not rare.

In all my American specimens the spores are more clavate than
in the European and scarcely to be distinguished from those of the
next species. The spore figured was taken from authenticated
European specimens.

39. P. Cartcis DC. Carex Brand.

Hypogenous ; sori subrotund, prominent, scattered, sometimes
crowded, blackish-brown or black; spores oblong-clavate, slightly
constricted, .0013~=.0018' long, .0006° broad; peduncle subhyaline,
one-half to wholly as long as the spore.

Leaves and sheaths of Carices. Autumn. Common.

This species scarcely differs from the preceding, to which some
authors unite it, except in the character of the sori and the slightly
smaller spores. It is doubtful if it is more than a mere variety.

The upper cell of the spore is subglobose. The Uredo form is
Trichobasis caricina Lev.

REPORT OF THE DOTANIST. 123

40. P. ancusrata Peck,

Hypogenous; spots pallid or none; sori oblong or linear, some-
times regularly arranged at equal intervals in long parallel lines,
narrow, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, black ; spores nar-
row, oblong-clavate or elongated, septate above the middle, strongly
constricted, having the lower cell more narrow than the upper and
cylindrical or slightly tapering downwards, .0018~.0024' long,
.0006' broad; peduncle colored, thick, very short.

Leaves of Scirpus Eriophorum and S. sylvaticum. West Albany
and Watkins. September.

The long narrow spore and very short peduncle, which is seldom
more than one-fourth the length: of the spore, distinguish this
species. The lower cell is sometimes scarcely broader than the
peduncle.

> It will be seen that eight of the foregoing species inhabit Com-
| posite ; four, Rosaceee; four, Cyperaceze ; four, Graminez; three,
Umbelliferee ; two, Ranunculacese ; and one each, Berberidacee,
| Violacese, Caryophyllaceze, Portulacacese, Geraniaceze, Polyga-
| lacese, Grossulacez, Saxifragaceze, Onagraceze, Cornacese, Rubiacee,
| Labiatee, Convolvulacese, Polygonaceze and Liliaceze. All except
/ two, P. pulchella and P. Prunorum, inhabit herbaceous plants.
The two exceptional species are very rare. The former occurs on
a small shrub, and our specimens of the latter were found on
young seedling plants but a few inches high.

In closing this report, I desire to express my’ thanks to those
botanists whose names appear in the preceding pages, for their kind
and hearty codperation in the investigation of our flora and for their
generous contributions of specimens. A continuance of their aid is
earnestly solicited.

When no name is added to the station or stations herein given,
the plant has been found therein by the writer. Dates signify the
time when the specimens were collected.

Respectfully submitted.

CHAS. H.-PECK.
Apany, January 9th, 1872.

Hi ew ler,

Page 10, line 5, for three read several.

Page 18, line 16, for Lamna read Lemna.

Page 61, line 20, for pruinosa read pruinosum.
Page 66, line 4, for Rutamurarie read Rutamuraria.
Page 67, line 4, for Boutelona read Bouteloua.
Page 68, line 17, for glancodea read glaucodea.
Page 77, line 2, for oppressed read appressed.

ie

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Fig.
Fig.
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Fig.
Fig.
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Fig.

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Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

coe

i

10.
is:

12.

14.
15.

16.
We
18.

19.
20.
Al.
22.
20.

ELAPLANATION OF PATIO

AGARICUS (T'RICHOLOMA) DECOROSUS Peck.

Page %3.
A young plant.

A plant of ordinary size.
Vertical section of a pileus.
Spores x 400.

AGARICUS (TRICHOLOMA) FALLAX Peck.

Page %4.
Two plants of ordinary size.
Vertical section of a pileus.
Transverse section of a stem.
Spores x 400.

CLAVARIA CLAVATA Peck.
Page 83.
A lump of earth bearing four plants.

RG@STELIA AURANTIACA Peck.
Page 91.

Seven plants on a pome of Amelanchier Canadensis.
Vertical section of a pome showing the imbedded bases of the peridia.
Two spores x 400.

STREPTOTHRIX ABIETINA Peck.

Page 93.
A piece of bark bearing four tufts of plants.
Spores x 400.
Flocci x 400.

OCLASTERISPORIUM PEDUNCULATUM Peck,
Page 93.
A piece of wood bearing a patch of plants.

A young spore and its stem.
Two mature spores and their stems.

VIBRISSEA LUTEA Peck.
Page 9%.
Three plants, two of them united at the base.
Vertical section of a plant.
Transverse section of a stem.
A paraphysis and an ascus containing spores x 400.
Two spores x 400.

Plate

5.

(

SH

s.Nat. Hi

Mu

ate

ft

Ss)

hee _
==
i ,
\ <a

On

Ne PLEIN GO mn

aia)

Ke de Dh Th oer Oe

2 piles TART ATi etd

nua

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

24.
20.
26.

2%.

28.
29.
30.
ol.

_

EXPLANATION OF PLATE J—(Continued).

RHYTISMA LINEARE Peck,
Page 100.
A pine leaf bearing the Rhytisma along the midvein.
An ascus containing spores x 400.
Two spores, one involved in mucus, x 400.

DIATRYPE (DIATRYPELLA) BETULINA Peck.
Page 101.
A piece of a branch bearing the Diatrype, the bark and two stromata
having been removed from one end.
A stroma magnified.
Vertical section of the same showing four included perithecia.
An ascus magnified.
Four spores more highly magnified.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IL

ILLUSTRATION OF SPORES OF THE GENUS PUCCINIA.

1
2 BP
une
LP)
Boke
6, 62 P.
6b,6¢ P.
pa i
Bue.
O4, OP.
foe eP:
i, 2
i PB.
(ep!
140 oP.
15.) P:
16, P.
7):
1@.,)P.
io P:
20 (PR:
2 OR:

Pages 110-123.

, 12 Puccinia pulchella Peck.

mesomajalis B. & C.
Violarum Lk.
Myrrhis Schw.
Umbelliferarum DC.
variabilis Grev.
variabilis Grev.
Compositarum Schl.
aculeata Schw.
tripustulata Pk.
Peckiana Howe.
Nolitangeris Cd.
Cryptoteniz Peck.

Tiarelle B. & C.
Menthe Pers.
Anemones Pers.
Prunorum Lh.
Galiorum Lk.
Helianthi Schw.

-jnvestita Schw.

minutula Pk.

Marize-Wilsoni Clinton.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

28.

29

33,388

30.
36.
362
Ov.
38.
39.
40,

Puccinia Xanthii Schw.
Asteris Schw.

Gerardii Pk.
Circe Pers.
solida Schoo.
Lychnidearum Lk.
Pyrola Cooke.
acuminata Peck.
acuminata Peck.
Waldsteinize Cuw7't.
Polygonorum Lk.
Convolvuli B. & C.
obtecta Peck.
coronata Cd.
linearis Peck.
graminis Pers.

arundinacea Hedw.
striola Lk.

Caricis DC.
angustata Peck,

PHOT

Ast.v.purpurascens C&P.

gram. v. brevicarpa Pk,

Flate 2.

a.

oO

State Mus. Nat Hist.

a gp ORRIN: aii, Pan

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ree

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ee

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4 ah. ul bs oy a | cat ;

eeiRiT a alee n con | , > eto :
& az s , . oA Wy . “ spehtoth

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