SMITHSONIAN. DEPOSIT aR ar eR pein Shr ae. FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE STATE VETERINARIAN OF WISCONSIN. BY V. T. ATKINSON, V. S. MADISON, WISCONSIN: DEMOCRAT PRINTING COMPANY, STATE PRINTERS. 1888 MILWAUKEE, Wis., October 31, 1888. To His Excellency, JEREMIAH M. Rusk, : Governor of Wisconsin: I have the honor to submit, as required by law, my fourth annual report. Very respectfully, V. T. ATKINSON, V. Ss State Veterinarian. = ‘ c ete ete c € ece€ © 0. ¢ce ce Gee < ©,.e) -€ « ec ce (Cele ¢ € ec cce € eee. ee 4 «ce c © @ ¢ € £10) CE Cae. ce € CMC ys c y Sig: cig OS Cheer Ne ve Gece oie ie € € esc € fis ¢€ e6e€ ane cc COE ©.0 igen Cure c eer c Cerone. fkeeme deo ees c Ces REPORT. The year just closed has, so far as this office is concerned, presented nothing to particularly distinguish it from the previous years for which I have reported. The reports of suspected cases of contagious diseases have been so numer- ous as to occupy nearly all my time in their investigation, and at times the work has come in go rapidly as to render it impossible to comply with all requests promptly, so that local officers sometimes became impatient. This, [think, was perhaps due largely to a misunderstand- ing of the respective powers and duties of the various of- ficers in the management of contagious diseases of animals as conferred and imposed by law. The importance of better understanding has become so - apparent that I deem it advisable to append to this report the law in relation to our work, so that when printed, it may be used as a convenient reference. Of the whole amount of work done, and number of in- vestigations made, fully two-thirds have been suspected cases of Glanders. - GLANDERS. Although many suspected cases reported to this office proved, upon investigation, to be spurious, more genuine cases were found than was anticipated. — t Cases were found in the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Burnett, Chippewa, Dane, Dunn, Kau Claire, Jef- _. ferson, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Oneida, Outagamie, Polk, Shawano, Trempealeau, Washburn, Winnebago and Wau- paca. In all fifty-two animals suffering from the disease were discovered and ordered destroyed. Unfortunately the disease has not been confined solely to the equine species, two cases have developed in human be- 4 REPORT OF THE Glanders. ings, with fatal results in both. As this feature of the malady is of special importance, I present herewith state- ments of the attending physician. The following letter in reply to an inquiry from the office explains itself: | ‘“Upson, Wis., March 14, 1888. ““Dr. V. T. ATKINSON, V. &., ‘“* Dear Sir : — Your favor received, for which I am greatly obliged. The Glandered horse of which I communicated to ~ you some time ago, was in the chronic stage of the disease. _ A bad case. The case was brought to my notice by my being called to see his owner, who was suffering from a disease, the symptoms of which bore astriking resemblance to those of acute Glanders, as described in medical works. Up to this time I had never seen a case of the disease in man. ‘Examination of the horse showed undoubted Glanders in an advanced stage, and it was subsequently ordered shot. — ‘¢An unhealed abrasion of the skin upon the man’s hand, pointed to the probable point of inoculation. The patient soon developed all symptoms of acute Glanders and died on the 12th day of the disease. ‘‘T met Dr. A. Des Jardins, of Hurley, Wis., in consulta- tion upon this case, and by him, as well as myself, it was considered a typical case of acute Glanders. ‘*This case may be interesting to you as I believe the dis- ease is Somewhat rare in man. ‘Respectfully, — “G. W. Kennicort, M. D., ‘‘ Health Office, Town of Ashland. Upson, Wis.” As this animal was destroyed shortly after the discovery of the disease in the man, so that I had no opportunity to examine it, subsequent investigation left no doubt in my mind, but that the animal was suffering from Glanders. f ‘ Nn ee —— ~~ STATE VETERINARIAN. - 5 ER a Acute Glanders. The second case occurred in the city of Manitowoc, and is explained by the following communications, which were prepared at my request. , In this case I saw the suspected animal shortly after the death of Mr. Dow, when it presented unmistakable symp- toms of Glanders, and was destroyed upon my order: CASE OF ACUTE GLANDERS. Was called on March 3rd, 1888, to see W. P. Dow, a strong, robust man of fifty-six years, with an excellent family and personal history. His occupation necessitated the employ- ment of a number of horses, and he made a side issue of buying or trading for horses in some way imperfect, and after doctoring them up would often dispose of them to good advantage; in this way he procured in August last, a horse which had a ‘‘bad cold” accompanied by consider- able nasal discharge. This trifling defect, however, he con- sidered of no particular importance, as he thought he could easily cure it; and throughout the winter he had been dos- ing the animal with all sorts of remedies, and in the act of administering them would often have cuts and abrasions produced on the back of his hands by the horse’s teeth. His habits were not very cleanly, and I was informed afterward that apart from the fact that he did not wash his hands very often, he had a habit of blowing his nose with his fingers. Another habit he had, which may have some bearing on the question, was that of wiping the mucus from the nose of his horse with his coat sleeve, and using the same article to keep clean his own nasal appendage. Atthe time of my first visit I found him sitting in the room with some other members of the family; he said he was not sick enough to go to bed, and did not feel well enough to attend to his business, having about a week pre- vious been exposed for some hours to a severe storm, had 6 REPORT OF THE Acute Glanders. contracted a bad cold which was better, but showed a ten- dency to hang on, so he consented to call in a physician. He had a slight cough, headache, general malaise, bowels constipated, tongue heavily furred, breath very offensive, sleeps very heavily, temperature 105, pulse 85, complains of feeling chilly all the time, but has had no distinct rigor ex- cept once, about four or five days previous, sweats a good deal, perspiration very offensive, no nasal discharge, but breathing somewhat labored and snuffling. Could detect nothing abnormal by physical examination of the viscera, except slight Bronchitis. Has several abrasions on the back of his left hand and a cut on the middle finger of right hand. Left forearm just above wrist swollen and painful, no glandular enlargements nor any redness of lymphatics. Wife says she noticed a few days ago a lump under his left arm, but that has disappeared if it had ever existed. The wounds on the hand looked healthy and seemed to be healing. Prescribed a laxative to be followed by Quinine Sulph., grs. V. every two hours. Monday, March 5th: Was called in again to-day and found patient somewhat worse, sweating profusely, temperature and pulse about the same as at previous visit, bowels had moved, feeces being very offensive and dark colored, has a hard painful swelling just external to right stemomastoid muscle, about size of hen’s egg, says he cannot sleep ai all, examined urine, found no albumen nor sugar; Sp. Gr. 1025, and loaded with urate. 7 Ordered Sod. Salicylat grs. XV. Hydrarg. Perchlor. grs. 1-16. Pot. Iod. grs. X. every two hours and Pulv. Dover gers. V. at bedtime. Wednesday, March 7: Patient feels a little better, slept well after the opiate. Gland in neck is considerably larger, arm about same. Temp. 100, pulse 90. His. wife called my attention to two hard lumps extremely sen- sitive and painful, deeply bedded in the substance of the STATE VETERINARIAN. ? : Acute Glanders. right Gastrocnemius muscle, and says he is at times some- what delirious, bowels moved this morning, feces light colored and free from any unusual odor, no more chills but has continuous and profuse sweats. Thursday, March 8: Had to take 2 Dover powders last night but slept fairly well after them. Mind wanders a great deal. Temp. 100, pulse 80, enlargement in neck increasing in size, those of muscle in leg larger and a lump in left Gastrocnemius and one in the biceps have developed since my visit yesterday, not much cough and very little expectoration, breathing becoming more difficult. Friday, March 9: 9 A. M. Patient slept very badly not-. withstanding he had taken 3, 10 gr. Dover powders. There is a good deal of wild delirium, but is at times quite ra-. tional for a minute or two. Temperature unmoved, pulse- 75, found two or three more hard lumps this morning, all deeply imbedded in the muscular tissues. Has had no more: chills but stili sweats so that he is continually drenched. 2 P. M.: was called in this P. M. to find patient much worse. Temperature 100-5, pulse 120, delirium increasing, in fact he is so wild that it is only with the greatest difficulty he is restrained. Dr. Luhman saw the case with me and sug- gested the addition of acid carbolic in one gr., pill, to the treatment, and thinks it a case of Glanders. Saturday, March 10: Patient is getting worse rapidly, pulse is very frequent and is losing volune. Temp. is con- tinuously high, delirium constant and sweats still continue, the muscles are now full of small hard lumps, the flexor groups being more affected than the exterior. The cervi- cal swelling now occupies most of the side of the neck and head; joints are not affected, the wounds in the hand are still healing. Sunday, March 11: Cervical enlargement opened last night and discharged a large quantity of sanguinous pus and left a grayish yellow ulcer, but the size of the swell-. 8 REPORT OF THE Acute Glanders. ing did not seem to diminish at all, respirations became more and more difficult. Monday, March 12: Patient sinking all the time, no more of the neoplasms have opened but several of them have softened and evidently contain pus. It is necessary to keep him constantly under the influence of morphine in ‘order to contain him. Died at 11 P. M. and no autopsy was allowed. A few ‘days before his death Drs. Pritchard and Simmon saw the | case with me, and although a great many symptoms were lacking to make up a typical case, still we could not but agree that it was a case of acute Glanders, probably con- tracted by inoculation, through the mucus membrane of the nose or mouth. . Yours respectfully, A. C. FRASER. ~ MaAntTrowoc, WISs. Manitowoc, Wis., June 7, 1888. V. T. Arxinson, V. S., Milwaukee. . Dear Str:—On March 10th, 1888, I saw W. Dow in con- sultation with Drs. Fraser and Simmon of this place and found him suffering with the following symptoms: Had fluctuating temperature, at times 104 1-2 and in an hour or two nearly normal. Complaint of pain at the root of his nose extending upward over his forehead. Was delirious, but exhibited the exhilaration resembling in some respects alcoholic intoxication. A patch of redness at the root of his nose and it seemed slightly oedematous on this portion of his face. His face was somewhat flushed and eyes very bright and sparkling. Pulse rapid, presenting all appear- ances of system intoxication, usually exhibited in blood- poisoning. He had a large tumor on the right side of his neck, and apparently involving the Parotid gland and all —, =e“ STATE VETERINARIAN. 9 Acute Glanders. tissues surrounding it in this region. Had a large number of muscular tumors, none of which seemed to cause pain at this time, none were tender. He did not complain es- pecially of his nose or throat, yet there was a distinct inter- ference with free respirations through his nose, but not more than would probably be caused by a cold affect- ing these parts. Tle had a slight oe, and expectorated a little viscid mucus. In making our diagnosis we were obliged to admit septi- caemia, which from the peculiar symptoms and appear- ances was no doubt specific, and from his personal history was no doubt Glanders. On inquiry of his son, we were informed that he had a horse that had been suffering with a discharge from the nose, and that he had been treating it by various methods for some months, using his hands very freely in cleaning the animal from this discharge and not being any way cautious about protecting himself. At times it is said that he gave the horse medicine, by passing his arm and hand into the horse’s mouth and that he had been bitten in some of these efforts at treating the animal. There can be but little question that his affection, with this history, came from direct contagion, and although he had no unusual local manifestation of the disease, yet neither had he any less of the constitutional effects, except that the nasal cavities did not show marked symtoms, in the way of discharge, but he scarcely lived long enough to have the ulceration process.develop. The important and pronounced symptoms in this case were the development of deep muscular tumors, but as post mortem was denied we could not determine the hoe nature of them, but think they were infiltration caused by the bacteria and would probably have suppurated had life lasted sufficiently long. We can regard Glanders only in the light of a specific blood-poisoning having its peculiar germ and differing from 10 REPORT OF THE Glanders in Man. other forms only in its local manifestations. We do not need to hazard a guess on the subject now, for the micro- scope exhibits in positive light the peculiar germ and the only question for us to decide is, how can we. best prevent and cure the evil. No doubt the disease is contagious in the same manner that all forms of sepsis are and the best cure is preventation. It is a disease that not only af- fects the horse but other animals as well, and all cases when the symptoms are at all suspicious, should be strictly isolated for a period of three months, or until the question is postively settled. The question of this disease being in any probability contracted by inhaling the germs. floating in the atmosphere has by elaborate experiments been proven to be improbable. Very truly yours, J. W. PRITCHARD. REPORT TO STATE VETERINARIAN V. T. ATKINSON, V. S., OF A CASE OF GLANDERS IN MAN. The victim, Capt. Dow, who lost his life from contracting Glanders of his diseased horse, was a usually robust, powerful man, a man never much inclined to take care of himself or pay particular attention to personal cleanliness. He was considerable of a horse jockey, and as usual with that class he was a “horse doctor.” About a year or more before he became sick, he got hold of a diseased horse. the horse having some nose and throat affection, which he treated with unusual caution, the family say, fearing it might be Glanders. They also say that for the last year he was himself troubled with catarrhal discharges more or less, and that at times was somewhat lame after little ex- posure, and was unusually nervous. During the winter, the family report that he was also absent-minded and often very irritable. . Some time last fall Dow got hold of ie t ‘ Ee = STATE VETERINARIAN. 11 Glanders in Man. another diseased horse that was known to have Glanders before he bought it. On Sunday, March 4th, 1888, he complained of being ill, thought he had taken a bad cold, but did not go to bed until Tuesday, the 6th, when he complained of weakness and feeling very tired, least exertion causing perspiration, had pain in the head, and sleep when he got it, was much troubled. The glands in the neck began to swell and get sore very soon after, and a physician was called who sup- posed he was suffering from a bad cold and perhaps rheu- matism, as his neck and arms were slightly stiffened. This stiffness gradually extended to all the joints, and, at the same time, all the lymphatic glands felt sore and many of them began to swell, became red and painful. The fever increased, he could not sleep, was delirious,. very restless, talked and sang, and would not stay in bed except when kept under the influence of an anodyne; was constantly at work and in trouble over it. At first he did not have much discharge from the nose and throat, but as the fever and swelling about the neck increased the dis- charges also increased. The bowels were constipated and when they moved from action of a cathartic, the feces were very offensive and yellow. The urine was highly colored, full of sediment and scanty. After he had been sick four or five days, a consultation was called and it was thought the man must be suffering from Glanders, and the physi- cians gave him the carbolic acid treatment with Dover powder to keep him quiet. I saw him first on the 10th of March, and got the above his- tory of the case. At this time he was a sorry sight tosee. Crazy with delirium, constantly groaning and talking and working with his hands at the bed clothes, mucus rattling in the throat, face and neck enormously swollen and very red, eyes wild and bloodshot, tongue much coated, dark brown, and breath very offensive; abscesses on wrists and ankles, 12 REPORT OF THE Glanders an Man. glands on arms and legs swollen. The liver and other ab- dominal glands were swollen and painful. The lungs and pleura were evidently affected, but rales were so loud could not determine how extensively. There was no consolida- tion, however. His pulse was very rapid and soft nearly all the time from the commencement of the disease. At in- tervals he would answer questions in a lucid manner and complain of pains in the chest, side, throat, swollen side of neck and head, and along the lymphatic glands of the arms and legs. Tongue swollen and speech thick. He grad- ually grew weaker, became more delirious and finally cata- mose for hours before death, which came easily on the morning of the 12th, eight days after going to bed. About thirty-six hours before death, abscesses opened about the right side of the neck and right ankle, discharging sanious, grumous, badly smelling pus. Treatment did not seem to have any influence to speak of. Carbolic acid was tried first in usual doses. After I took charge of the case he took arsenic and kali bichroni- cum, each in the 2x trituration in about two grain doses once in one or two hours alternately. He seemed a little more quiet after afew hours, but the disease went on the same. At times I was compelled to administer Dover powder or hypodermics of morphine to quiet down the furious delirium. The horse from which he contracted the disease did not appear to be very badly affected, Mr. Dow having used him all winter, The horse had considerable discharge from the nose and several times parties saw Dow cleaning his nos- trils and then goon with his work without washing his hands. In this way he probably became affected by get- ting the poison into the general system through food and water, as he had no open sores on the hands during the sickness that might show a local point of infections R. K. Patng, M. D. Manitowoc, Wis., July 18, 1888. STATE VETERINARIAN. 13: Contagious Pleuro Pneumonia, and Texas Fever. CONTAGIOUS PLEURO PNEUMONIA. The danger with which we were recently threatened from invasion of this disease seems to have been removed. The outbreak in Chicago, which gave us so much cause for alarm has become a thing of the past. The National Bureau of Animal Industry, in co-operation with the Board of Live Stock Commissioners of Illinois have completed so thorough a system of inspection and stamping out, that all danger from that source seems to have been removed, so that on the fifth of May last deeming it unnecessary to longer continue the impediment to commerce, which the quarantine regulations imposed, a proclamation was issued by Governor Rusk, removing all restrictions on the ship- ment of live stock from Illinois to this State. TEXAS FEVER. The splendid crop of hay and coarse feeds of this year, have exposed our stock feeders to a new risk of loss, dur- ing the early autumn. Owing to the short crops of the two previous years the supply of stock cattle in the state has been greatly reduced, so that it was insufficient to consume the crop. In order to make up the deficit, purchases were made from outside markets, particularly at Chicago stock yards, where un- fortunately sufficient care does not seem to have been exer- cised in the isolation of Texas cattle or other cattle capable of transmitting Texas fever to our northern cattle. In the latter part of August this disease was developed in two of ‘our herds, onein Daneand the other in Fond du Lac county. The loss by death in one case amounting to five head, and in the other to four, besides in both cases being a source of 14 REPORT OF THE Texas Fever. annoyance and alarm to the owner and neighboring feed- ers. Anticipating other purchases with possibly similar results, it may be as well at this time to explain briefly the nature of the malady. Cattle coming from the miasmatic districts found in the states bordering on the Gulf of Mexico, although themselves apparently healthy when brought in contact with our northern cattle transmit to them avery fatal disease com- monly known as Texas Fever. In order to contract the disease it is not necessary that the northern cattle come in actual contact with those from the south. It is sufficient if they be kept in the same pas- tures, pens or cars in which the southern cattle have been kept. After exposure the disease makes its appearance in from three to four weeks, at first the afflicted animal is noticed to separate itself from the herd, standing alone with the feet drawn close together, the back arched and the head de- pressed, the appetite gone and the flanks hollow. As the disease advances the animal shows staggering gait in the hind parts, followed by inabiliy to stand. The urine is dark colored or bloody ; Death occurs in from one to four days. Very littlecan be done in the way of treatment. The disease is so fatal in its tendency that about nine out of every ten animals attacked, die. Fortunately, however, it cannot be transmitted from one northern animal to another, so that the outbreaks are al- ways confined to the animals which have been directly ex- posed to the contagion, and never spreads beyond them to other cattle with which they are associated. Another fortunate peculiarity is the diseased germ is un- able to withstand frost, so that all agnee for the present season at least is past. STATE VETERINARIAN. 15 Sheep Scab. SHEEP SCAB. In February last my attention was called to some flocks of sheep in Waukesha county, near Mukwonago. My in- formation was from the chairman of the town. By arrange- ment I met a number of prominent feeders at Mukwonago and obtained the following facts: Mukwonago is regarded as one of the best feeding places for western sheep that are destined for Chicago market. In July, 1887, a large flock of sheep were received for pas- ture, some of which it is now believed were affected with scab. These sheep were associated directly and indirectly with five flocks of fine wool sheep owned in the locality. Careful inspection disclosed the fact that nine sheep, di- vided among three of the flocks were scabby beyond doubt. After the inspection I had a further conference with the local owners, at which time there was a strong sentiment expressed in favor of excluding all western sheep from Waukesha county, which would require a form of quaran- tine for which the law makes no provision. After carefully instructing the owners in the proper methods of treatment, and impressing the absolute neces- sity of complete isolation of diseased animals, I returned home and at once began inquiry with a view to finding out what the chances were of similar shipments being made. _ Replies to my letters were received from the officials of Col- orado, Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Oregon and Wyoming, from which it appeared the disease was preva- lent to considerable extent in the west, but within the last two years strenuous efforts have been made to stamp it out, and that there now is such official supervision as would not be likely to permit of other shipments of diseased sheep. That those reports were correct has been shown by the ex- perience of the present season, one hundred and fifty-eight double deck cars have been received and pastured at Muk- 16 REPORT OF THE Sheep Scab. wonago since January first, and not a single scabby sheep reported. The following is a brief description of sheep scab: This disease is a purely skin disease, and is due to a very minute animal parasite which infests the skin of the dis- eased sheep and irritating it, produces the symptoms pecu- liar to the disease. . After exposure the first noticeable symptom is generally roughened coat, rubbing, biting, scratching with the foot, restlessness, stains about the neck and shoulders. All these symptoms are aggravated by warm weather or exercise. The wool has a sticky appearance. Examination of the skin, at the irritated part, reveals small vesicles. As the disease advances the vesicles run together forming large raw surfaces from which the wool drops off. If nothing is done to check the progress of the disease it soon spreads over the body. The diseased skin becomes thick and -wrinkled, the constant irritation wears upon the animal so that loss of flesh, emaciation, debility, and even death may follow. TREATMENT. It is generally more difficult to treat successfully in damp seasons and in very fine wool sheep. As it is due to a par- asite, it of course, cannot originate spontaneously. As soon as the disease is noticed great care should be ex- ercised to prevent the diseased, or those with which they have associated from associating with fresh flocks. All the sheep in the flock, in which the disease has appeared, should be re- garded as having been exposed to the disease and subjected to treatment, calculated to destroy the parasites. For this purpose numerous dips are on the market. The prepared dips have as the active ingredient either Arsenic, Mercury, Carbolic Acid or Sulphur. Besides the prepared dips, an infusion of tobacco has met with considerable favor among western breeders. The selection of a remedy is not a matter of very grave STATE VETERINARIAN. i, Hog Cholera. importance. Any of the agents above mentioned may be- prepared and applied so that very little risk of injury will be incurred to the sheep and at the same time be sure death to the parasite, if care be exercised to see that all parts of the body are subjected to treatment, so that none of the ver-. min may escape. The dipping should be repeated so as to. destroy the product of unhatched eggs. Prevention: As the disease is due to a parasite, it can only be spread by carrying the parasite from the diseased to the healthy, which may occur either by actual association or by placing healthy sheep in pens that have been occupied by sheep suffering from scab; or any form of indirect contact, such, for instance, as driving a flock of healthy sheep through a narrow gate, through which scabby sheep have passed. HOG CHOLERA. The loss from this cause seems with each year to be- decreasing. But a single outbreak was reported within the last year, which occurred in Grant county. It is hardly fair to infer, however, that this is the only place in the state in which the disease has prevailed, as many of the Boards of Health are lax in reporting, unless their communities are threatened with serious loss. The failure to report would seem to indicate that the losses if any have been small. ; Although this disease has been the subject of very care- full investigations by able Veterinarians, there seems yet to be much to learn about it. In addition to the advice contained in the circular given in last report, there seems to be nothing to add except that the Bureau of Animal Industry have demonstrated the fact, that time is a valuable disinfectant in this disease. eae Ve 18 REPORT OF THE Anthrax and Other Diseases. Since writing the foregoing, information has been re- ceived of an outbreak of Hog Cholera in the town of Ful- ton, Rock county. To what extent the disease prevails I have not yet been able to ascertain. ANTHRAX. What was probably an outbreak of this disease occurred ‘September last in Marquette county, when a herd of cattle, which had been pastured on marshy ground in the Fox River Valley, became infected. Five of them died suddenly -and though I was unable to see any of the cases, from descriptions given me I am of the opinion that the disease was Anthrax. The remainder of the herd were removed to another pasture and the disease disappeared as suddenly as it came. OTHER DISEASHS. Of the other diseases mentioned ‘in the last year’s report, ‘no cases of Hydrophobia, Lung, Worms or Tuberculosis, have been reported since it was issued; though it is not unlikely that the latter disease exists to a limited degree. Some alarm and slight loss and inconvenience was caused by Mouth disease, which appeared in Burnett and Polk counties. In response to telegram I visited the town of Luck, in Polk county, in the fore part of September. I found a number of cattle and horses were suffering from a Mouth disease. A German Veterinarian who had ex- perience with Foot and Mouth disease in Europe, had given it as his opinion that the prevalent disorder was none other than that dreaded malady. 7 7 Consequently considerable alarm had arisen. STATE VETERINARIAN. 19 Other Diseases. Examination of a few cases convinced me of the error of that conclusion and satisfied me that it was the result of some irritant or poisonous element in the food. I was fur- ther assured in this view by the statements of a number of residents, all of whom agreed that they had never seen so much ergot, smut and rust on their crops as during the present season. The first noticeable symptom was considerable discharge of saliva from the mouth, followed by swelling of the tongue and loss of appetite, though no diarrhoea or other evidence of constitutional disturbance. The mucus membrane of the mouth began to slough off, about the third day, leaving extensive raw surfaces. In horses, the symptoms shown were similar, except that the lips were more swollen and covered with a crust of yel- ~ low exudate. As soon as the sloughing process was completed, it usually took two or three days, the swelling began to disappear and the raw surfaces to heal rapidly, the appetite returned and the animal soon regained its former condition. On the night of the 12th of September, a frost occurred which destroyed the more tender vegetation, and also de- stroyed the irritating agent, which produced the symptoms above enumerated, so that no new cases of the disease have appeared since that date. That the trouble was due either to a plant or a plant pro- duct I have no doubt, but exactly what it was must for the time being remain a mystery, as the time given bet ween appearances of the disease and the destruction of the cause by frost was too short to admit of thorough investigation. 20 REPORT OF THE Diseased Meats. DISEASED MEATS. I submit the following letter from the Health Commis- sioner of Milwaukee: MILWAUKEE, October 15, 1888. V. T. ATKINSON, V.8., State Veterinarian. Dear Sir:—In reply to your note requesting information regarding the disposition of animals suffering from contagi- ous or infectious diseases, as also the character of the dis- eases we have to deal with, 1 would say that during the twelve months past we have seized and condemned ten hogs, suffering from swine plagues, which animals were received from Decorah, Iowa, at the stock yards. Fortunately they were found by an officer of this department, shortly after their arrival. They were examined by an expert. Con- demned, killed and put in the offal tank, under the super- vision of the officer. We likewise have at various times, found animals (always young stock) suffering from Act-. inomykosis styled by Fleming, ‘‘ a new infectious disease of animals and mankind” and commonly known as lump jaw; of these we have seized and condemned ten since October 31st, 1887, of these nine were steers and onea heifer. All were condemned and rendered into fertilizer. Several microscopic slides prepared at that time show the Actinomykosis tufts very distinctly, and in several cases the tubercular deposit, so characteristic of the disease, in its ad- vanced stages were found. I have heard some say that the flesh of such animals is not dangerous human food, but I believe it is sound policy to destroy all animals so tainted.. Yours very truly, R. Martin, M. D., Commissioner of Health. Respectfully submitted, V. T. ATKINSON, State Veterinarian. STATE VETERINARIAN. 21 Appendix. APPENDIX. CHAPTER 467, LAWS 1885. AN Act to suppress and prevent the spread of infectious and contagious diseases among domestic animals, and to provide for the appointment of a State Veterinarian. The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, do enact as follows: SECTION 1. The Governor of the state shall appoint a competent veterinary surgeon who shall be known as the State Veterinarian, said appointment to be by and with the approval of the senate, when in session, or if the senate is not in session, subject to its approval at next regular session thereafter. SECTION 2. It shall be the duty of the State Veterinarian to investigate any and all suspected contagious or infectious diseases among domestic animals in the state, of which he “may have knowledge, or may be brought to his notice by any resident in the locality where such suspected disease exists, and in the absence of specific information he shall visit any locality in which he has reason to suspect the ex- istence of such disease. But he shall visit no locality for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this bill, unless he be requested so to do, by the state, town, city or village board of health where the disease is supposed to exist, and he shall make an itemized account to the Governor, stating the time going and returning to the place, the amount of time occupied at the place where the disease is supposed to exist, together with his necessary expenses; which itemized 22 REPORT OF THE Appendix. amount, together with his per diem, upon the approval of the Governor, shall be paid by the State Treasurer. He shall also make scientific study and investigation of all contagious diseases of domestic animals, and the cause, pre- vention and cures thereof, and the result of his investiga- tion and study shall be made part of his annual report here- inafter provided, giving in plain, ordinary language the symptoms by which such diseases may be identified, how liable to be introduced and spread, the causes and condi- tions which may contribute to the production of any such diseases and the sanitary or other measures best calculated to prevent the germination and spread of the same. He shall also co-operate with the State Board of Health in the management of all diseases which are common to men and animals, such as Glanders, Anthrax and Hydrophobia, or . any condition of the domestic animals which is likely to af- fect the general health of mankind, such as render unwhole- some the use of their meats or milk; and he shall make any examinations asked for by said board, and make special re- port to it whenever required so to do. SECTION 3. The State Veterinarian is hereby authorized, if he deem it necessary, to order quarantine of any prem- ises upon which domestic animals are that are afflicted with - contagious or infectious disease, or that are suspected to be afflicted with or that have been exposed to contagious or infectious disease, and to forbid the removal therefrom of any animals susceptible to such disease. Said order of quarantine to be in writing and served upon the owner or occupant of the premises upon which said diseased animals are, and notice thereof posted at the usual entrance to said premises. And in case said contagious or infectious dis- ease shall become epidemic in any locality, the State Veter- inarian shall immediately notify the Governor, who shall thereupon issue a proclamation quatantining said locality and forbidding the removal therefrom of any animal of the kind diseased, or of any kind susceptible to such disease, eee ae e.hClClULe eee yo = / STATE VETERINARIAN. 25 Appendix. without the permission of the State Veterinarian. Any per- son who shall remove or allow to be removed any domestic animal of the kind diseased, or susceptible to the disease, from any premises so quarantined by the State Veterinarian ‘or locality quarantined by the proclamation of the Gov- ernor, without permission of the State Veterinarian, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and be punished there- for by a fine of not less than twenty dollars and not more than two hundred dollars, or by imprisonment at hard labor not less than thirty days or more than one year,. and shall forfeit all right to idemnity as herein provided, and be liabie to all persons injured thereby for damages by them sustained. SECTION 4. In case of contagious or infectious diseases of malignant or very fatal nature, such as Rinderpest, Foot and Mouth disease, Pleuro-pneumonia, Anthrax and Texas Fever,. among bovines, Glanders among equines, Anthraxin sheep, and other diseases of like nature of fatal tendency, the State Veterinarian may, if in his judgment necessary, order slaughtered any diseased animal or animals or any animal or animals which have been exposed to such contagion or infection; but in case the State Veterinarian shall have any doubt concerning the nature of such disease or the advisa- bility of adopting such means, he shall have the right to call in consultation one or two veterinary surgeons and to confer with the State Board of Health. He shall also have authority to order slaughtered any animal or animals he may deem necessary for the purpose of ascertaining the nature of such disease. | 7 SECTION 5. Whenever, as herein provided, the State Veterinarian shall deem the slaughter of any animal or an- imals necessary he shall notify in writing a justice of the peace of the county in which said diseased anima's are, de- scribing in such notice the diseased animals with reasonable certainty, and stating the name of the owner, when known, and the disease with which the animals are afflicted. The 94 REPORT OF THE Appendix. said justice of the peace, shall, after entering the same upon his docket, summons three disinterested citizens of the neighborhood to act as appraisers of the value of such ani- mals. Said appraisers shall, before entering upon the dis- charge of their duties, be sworn to make a true and faith- ful appraisement of the value of said animals, without prej- udice or favor. They shall, after making their appraise- ment, make a return to said justice of the peace; such re- turn shall contain an accurate description of each animal, together with the appraised value thereof, and the name of the owner, when known, and be signed by the appraisers, a separate one to be made for each owner. And the justice of the peace shail, after entering the same in his docket and making an endorsement upon each showing it to have been properly recorded, return it, together with a copy of the notice of the State Veterinarian, to the owner of the animals to be slaughtered. And it shall be the duty of the State Veterinarian to superintend the slaughter of such an- imals, the disposa! of their carcasses, in a manner which to him seems bo.., and at all times to provide for the proper ‘disinfecting of infected premises, within the meaning of this act. He shall cause the slaughter, disposal of carcasses -and disinfecting to be done as cheaply as practicable, and pay the expenses of the same, and be reimbursed as pro- vided for other expenses in section 10 of this act. He shall ‘also furnish the owner with a certificate of the slaughter, -and state therein whether or not, in his judgment, the owner has forfeited his right to indemnity. SECTION 6. It shall be unlawful to bring into this state ‘any domestic animal affected with or that has been exposed. to any infectious or contagious disease; and whenever the State Veterinarian shall have reason to believe that there is danger of the introduction into i>'s state of contagious or infectious disease among domestic animals from localities outside of the state, he shall immediately investigate; and if in his judgment, conditions exist which endanger the eae pe eS ey ee BP Se ee > - STATE VETERINARIAN. 25 Appendix. health of the domestic animals of the state he shall imme- diately notify the Governor and recommend such restric- tions as he may deem necessary; and the Governor shall, if in his judgment necessary, thereupon, by proclamation, designate such localities and prohibit from them the impor- tation of any animals of the kind diseased into this state, except under such restrictions as the State Veterinarian may deem proper. And any person or persons who shall know- ingly bring into this state any animal affected with or that has been exposed to any contagious or infectious disease, or any person or persons who shall, after the issuing of the Governor’s proclamation herein provided, receive in charge any animal or animals from any one of said designated locali- ties, and transport or convey the same within the state, shall be deemed guilty of amisdemeanor, and punished therefor by a fine of notless than two hundred dollars, and not more than two thousand dollars, or be imprisoned at hard labor not less than six months nor more than two years in the county jail and forfeit all right to indemnity as herein pro- vided, and be lable to all pesons injured thereby for dam- ages by them sustained. Any corporation violating any of the provisions of this section, shall forfeit not less than two hundred dollars, or more than two thousand dollars, and be liable to all persons injured thereby for damages by them sustained. SECTION 7. It shall be the duty of any person or the agent of any corporation who shall have reason to suspect that there is upon their premises any animal or animals affected with contagious or infectious disease, to immediately report the same to the State Veterinarian, or some members of the state, or of some local board of health, whose duty it shall be to report the same to the State Veterinarian, and failure _to so report or any attempt to conceal the existence of such disease, or to obstruct or resist the State Veterinarian in the performance of his duty as herein set forth, or to sell, offer for sale, give away, or in any manner part with any 26 REPORT OF THE Appendix. animal affected with or suspected to be affected with, or that has been exposed to any contagious or infectious dis- ease, and any person convicted of any of the above acts or omissions, shall be fined not less than twenty and not more than two hundred dollars, or be imprisoned at hard labor not less than thirty days or more than one year for each offense and shall forfeit all right to indemnity as herein provided and be liable to all persons injured thereby for damages by them sustained. The provisions of this act shall apply to all animals in this state whether resident or in transit, and the State Veterinarian is thereby authorized to enter any premises where he has reason to suspect dis- — eased animals are confined, and he may call to his aid, when necessary, the sheriff or any constable of the county in which the diseased or infected animals are; and it is hereby made the duty of such officers to assist the State Veteri- narian to enforce the provisions of this act when called upon so to do. SECTION 8. All claims against the state arising from the slaughter of animals, as herein provided, shall be made by filing with the Secretary of State, a copy of the State Vet- erinarian’s notice to the justice of the peace and return of the appraisers, which notice and return shall be certified to by the justice of the peace on whose docket they are re- corded, and the certificate of the slaughter of the animals. signed by the State Veterinarian. The Secretary of State shall examine the same without delay, and for each one found equitable and entitled to indemnity, he shall issuea warrant upon the State Treasurer for two thirds the sum of money named in the appraisers’ return, to be paid out of an appropriation provided for by this act. SEcTION 9. The right to indemnity shall not exist, and payments shall not be madein the following cases: First, for animals belonging to the United States, this state, or any city, county, township or villagein the state. Second, for animals that have been brought into the state contrary - » te — : STATE VETERINARIAN, 27 Appendix. to the provisions of section 6, or where the owner or claim- ant shail have failed to comply with the provisions of sec- tions 3 and 7 of this act. Third, when the owner or claim- ant atthe time of coming into possession of the animal, knew it to be diseased. Fourth, for animals found to have been diseased at the time of their arrival in the state. SECTION 10. The State Veterinarian shall receive for his services the sum of seven dollars per diem together with his necessary expenses when performing his duties, and his ap- pointment shall befor a term of two years. The veterinary surgeons called in consultation shall receive the sum of seven dollars per day for each day actually employed and their necessary expenses while performing their duties. These payments shall be made by the State Treasurer from an appropriation provided by this act upon itemized vouch- ers approved by the Governor. And no person shall be considered a veterinary surgeon within the meaning of this act who is not a regular graduate in good standing of some recognized veterinary college in the United States, Canada or HKurope. The appraisers herein provided shall receive the sum of two dollars for each day actually employed as such, to be paid out of the county funds upon certificate of the justice of the peace by whom they were summoned. The justice of the peace, sheriff and constable shall re- ceive their fees from their respective counties as provided by law in criminal cases. SECTION 11. The State Veterinarian shall in October of each year make a report to the Governor of the state. _ SECTION 12. There is hereby annually appropriated from any moneys in the treasury not otherwise appropriated asum sufficient to carry out the provisions of this act. SEcTION 13. All acts or parts of acts inconsistent here- with are hereby repealed. SrcTion 14. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage and publication. ; Approved April 13, 1885. 28 REPORT OF THE Appendix. CHAPTER 76, LAWS 1887. AN ACT to amend chapter 467, laws of 1885, entitled, ‘‘ An acti to suppress and prevent the spread of infectious and contagious diseases among domestic animals and to pro- vide for the appointment of a State Veterinarian.” The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, do enact as follows: SECTION 1. Section 2, of chapter 467, laws of 1885, is hereby amended so as to read as follows: Section 2. It shall be the duty of the State Veterinarian to suppress and prevent the introduction or spread of contagious disease among domestic animals; to co-operate with the State Board of Health in the management of such diseases as are com- mon to man and animals, or any condition of the lower animals likely to affect the general health of mankind. He shall make scientific study and such investigations and experiments as heshall deem necessary, and he shall gather and diffuse information relative to the contagious and infec- tious diseases of animals. SECTION 2. Section 3, of chapter 467, laws of 1885, is hereby amended so as to read as follows: Section 3. It is hereby made the duty of the various town, village and. city boards of health to take cognizance of contagious and in- fectious diseases among animals, and to report all cases coming under their observation to the State Veterinarian. It is also made their duty to prevent the spread of such dis- eases, and to co-operate with the State Veterinarin, and the local boards of health, or the health officer, are authorized to order quarantine of any animal affected with contagious or infectious disease, or any animal suspected of being af- fected with or has been exposed to such disease, and to for- bid the removal of such animals from any premises where they may be kept. And in cases where they are unable to eS ee i ee ee eee ee ee STATE VETERINARIAN. 29 Appendix. determine the nature of any disease, the said local boards. may request the State Veterinarian to make such investi- gation as may be necessary. Any person who shall remove or allow to be removed any domestic animal so quarantined by the local boards of health or health officers without per- mission from competent authority shall be guilty of a mis- | demeanor and be punished therefor by a fine of not less than twenty dollars and not more than two hundred dollars, or by imprisonment at hard labor of not less than thirty days nor more than one year, and shall forfeit all right to indem- nity as herein provided, and be liable to all persons injured thereby for damages by them.sustained. The State Veter- inarian is hereby authorized, if he deem it necessary, to order quarantine of any premises upon which domestic ani- mals are, that are afflicted with contagious or infectious disease, or that are suspected to be affected with such dis- ease, or have been exposed to contagious or infectious dis- ease, and to forbid the removal therefrom of any animals susceptible to such disease, said order of quarantine to be in writing and served upon the owner or occupant of the premises upon which said diseased animals are, and notice thereof posted at the usual entrance to said premises, and in case said contagious or infectious disease shall become epidemic in any locality, the State Veterinarian shall im- mediately notify the Governor, who shall thereupon, if he deem it necessary, issue a proclamation quarantining said locality, and forbidding the removal therefrom of any ani- mal of the kind diseased, or any kind susceptible to such disease, without permission of the State Veterinarian. Any person who shall remove or allow to be removed any domes- tic animal of. the kind diseased, or susceptible to such dis- ease, from any premises so quarantined by the State Veter- inarian, or locality quarantined by the proclamation of the Governor, without permission of the State Veterinarian, shall be guilty of a misdem2anor, and punished therefor by a fine of not less than twenty dollars nor more than two 30 REPORT OF THE Appendix. hundred dollars, or by imprisonment at hard labor not less than than thirty days nor more than one year, and shall forfeit all rights to indemnity as herein provided, and be liable to all persons injured thereby for damages by them sustained. | SECTION 3. Section 5, of chapter 467, of the laws of 1885, is hereby amended, so as to read as follows: Section 5. Whenever, as herein provided, the State Veterinarian shall deem the slaughter of any animal or animals necessary, he shall notify in writing, a justice of the peace of the county in which said diseased animals are, describing in said no- tice, the diseased animals with reasonable certainty, stating the name of the owner when known. The said justice of the peace shall, after entering the same upon his docket, © summon three disinterested citizens who shall not be resi- dents of the immediate neighborhood in which the animals are owned or kept. The said appraisers shall, before enter- ing upon the discharge of their duties, be sworn to make a true and faithful appraisement of the value of said animals without prejudice or favor, and said appraisers shall certify in their return, that they have seen said animals destroyed, and in making the appraisement, the value put upon the animals shall be what they are worth at the time of ap- praisal. If any animal be diseased at the time of the ap- praisement, that fact shall be taken into consideration, and the value put upon it shall be what it shall be worth in its diseased condition. In the case of horse afflicted with Glan- ders, the appraised value shall in no case exceed fifty dol- lars. It shall be the duty of the local health officer or the chairman of the board of health to superintend the slaugh- ter of said animal and to provide for the disposa! of the car- casses, and disinfection of the premises. The justice ofthe peace, when satisfied of the fact shall issue to the owner, a certificate of slaughter, and shall state therein whether or not, in his judgment, the owner is entitled to indemnity. Section 4. Section 7, of chapter 467, laws of 1885, is STATE VETERINARIAN. 31 Appendix. hereby amended by inserting between the words, ‘“‘ disease” and ‘‘or” in the tenth line of said section the following: Or to permit any animal affected with contagious or infectious disease to run at large or associate with other animals sus- ceptible to such disease; also by omitting the words, “State Veterinarian or of some members of the state, or of some,” in lines six and seven of said section, so that said section when so amended shall read as foliows: Section 7. It shall be the duty of any person or the agent of any corporation who shali have reason to suspect that there is upon their premises any animal or animals affected with contagious or infectious disease, to immediately report the same to the local board of health, whose duty it shall be to report the same to the State Veterinarian, and failure to so report or any attempt to conceal the existence of such disease, or to permit any animal affected with contagious or infectious disease to run at large or associate with other animals sus- ceptible to such disease, or to obstruct or resist the State Veterinarian in the performance of his duty as herein set forth, or to sell, offer for sale, give away, or in any manner part with any animal affected with, or suspected to be af- fected with, or that has been exposed to any contagious or infectious disease, and any person convicted of any of the above acts or omissions, shall be fined not less than twenty and not more than two hundred dollars, or be im- prisoned at hard labor, not less than thirty days or more than one year for each offense, and shall forfeit all right to indemnity as herein provided, and be lable to all persons in- jured thereby for damages by them sustained. The provisions of this act shall apply to all animals in this state whether resident or in transit, and the State Veterinarian is hereby authorized to enter any premises where he has reason to suspect diseased animals are confined, and he may call to his aid, when necessary, the sheriff or any constable of the county in which the diseased or infected animals are; and it is hereby made the duty of such officers to assist the State 5 y REPORT OF THE Appendix. =e Veterinarian to enforce the provisions of this act when called upon so to do. | SECTION 5. Section 8, of chapter 467, laws of 1885, is hereby amended so as to read as follows: Section 8. All claims against the state arising from the slaughter of ani- mals as herein provided, shall be made by filing with the Secretary of State a copy of the State Veterinarian’s notice to the justice of the peace and return of the appraisers, which notice and return shall be certified to by the justice of the peace, on whose docket they are recorded. The Sec- retary of State shall examine the same, and if satisfied that the amount awarded is just and the owner entitled to in- demnity, he shallissue a warrant on the State Treasurer for two-thirds the sum named in the appraisers’ return; butif he shall have reason to believe that the appraised value is greater than the real value of the animals, he shall be au- thorized to settle with the owner for such less sum as he shall deem just. SECTION 6. Section 9, of chapter 467, laws of 1885, is hereby amended by adding at the end thereof, the following: Fifth. Or when the.owner shall have been guilty of negli- ‘gence or willfully exposing his animals to the influence of infectious or contagious diseases. SECTION 7%. Section 10, of chapter 467, of the laws of 1885, is hereby amended so as to read as follows: Section 10. The State Veterinarian shall receive for his services the sum of two thousand dollars per annum, and there shall be allowed for experimental purposes a sum not to ex- ceed five hundred dollars annually, and a sum sufficient to cover his actual and necessary traveling expenses, said sum for experimental purposes and traveling expenses to ~ be approved by the Governor. He shall also be entitled to receive the necessary postage, stationery and usual supplies for the use of his office. Heshall from time to time issue such bulletins of information as he shall deem advisable, which, together with his report to the Governor, shall be printed in ; : ' ; F STATE VETERINARIAN. _ ao Appendix. such numbers as may be necessary, by the state printer. He may deliver lectures upon veterinary science in the ag- ricultural department of the University, when the same shall not interfere with his other duties. The veterinary surgeons called in consultation shall receive the sum of seven dollars per day for each day actually employed, and their necessary expenses while performing their duties. They shall be paid upon itemized vouchers certified by the State Veterinarian and approved by the Governor. And no person shall be considered a veterinary surgeon within the meaning of this act who is not a regular graduate in good standing of some veterinary college in the United States, Canada or Europe. The appraisers herein provided shall receive the sum of two dollars for each day actually em- ployed as such, to be paid out of the county funds upon certificate of the justice of the peace by whom they were summoned. The justices of the peace, sheriff and constable shall receive their fees from their respective counties, as provided by law in criminal cases. SECTION 8. Section 12 of this act, to which this is amenda- tory, is hereby declared to be made a to the provis- inos of this act. SECTION 9. All acts or parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act are hereby repealed. SECTION 10. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage and publication. | Approved March 21, 1887. 3—S. V. > a LIBRARY OF CONGRESS | | 0 002 844 135 6 |