x } >, ak no ae ie =a el ould ri Ts "er en at > ee k New York State Education Department New York State Museum 62d ANNUAL REPORT 1908 In 4 volumes VOLUME 4 “LiBRARY APPENDIX 8 TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE MARCH 15, 1909 ALBANY UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK eh) STATE OF NEW YORK EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Regents of the University With years when terms expire Wuitetaw Reip M.A. LL.D. D.C.L. Chancellor - - - - - New York Sr Crarr McKetway M.A. LL.D. Vice Chancellor - - - - Brooklyn DANIEREEAcHeehs Di whIZoD sta a = 8 ee ee Vaca RrINve SEX TONpe Webs (Genes a seem ear ene es ballimivica T. GuitForpD SmiTH M.A. C.E. LL.D. a kee eS tall: Wiviiam NortincHam M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. - - - - = | - Syracuse GrrsitERiGulorp MEA dy Ie Discusses) 0 aoe ren eet Nie wasWornk: ALBERT VANDER VEER M.D. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. = ee he = Albany, EDWARD WAUDERBACH MEAs IgI7 ID, S=-) 2 27 -38 =) kb-n- e News Monk EuGene A. Puitsin LL.B. LL.D. as: ae News ork lucmn lL. SnHeppen LEB. WE.D. - = - = = % | =) Plattsburg: FRANCIS M. ‘CARPENTER - - - = = = «= = = = = Mount Kisco Commissioner of Education ANDREW S. Draper LL.B. LL.D. Assistant Commissioners Avucustus S. Downine M.A. Pd.D. LL.D. First Assistant Frank Rotuins Ph.D. Second Assistant Tuomas E. Finecan M.A. Pd.D. Third Assistant Director of State Library James I. Wyer, Jr, M.L.S. Director of Science and State Museum Joun M. Crarke Ph.D. LL.D. Chiefs of Divisions Administration, HarLAN H. Horner B.A. Attendance, James D. SuLLIvAN Educational Extension, Witt1am R. Eastman M.A. M.L.S. Examinations, CHARLES F. WHEELOCK B-S. LL.D. Inspections, Frank H. Woop M.A. Law, Frank B. GILBERT B.A. School Libraries, CHartes E. Fircu L.H.D. Statistics, Hiram C. Case Trades Schools, ArtHuur D. Dean B.S. Visual Instruction, ALrrep W. Axsrams Ph.B. FEB 5~ 1910 STALE OFUNEW, YORK No. 64 IN ASSEMBLY Marcu 15, 1909 62d ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM VOLUME 4 To the Legislature of the State of New York We have the honor to submit herewith, pursuant to law, as the 62d Annual Report of the New York State Museum, the report of the Director, including the reports of the State Geologist and State Paleontologist, and the reports of the State Entomologist and the State Botanist, with appendixes. Sr Crair McKetway Vice Chancellor of the University ANDREW S. DRAPER Commusstoner of Education Appendix 8 Museum memoir 9, part 2 Early Devonic History of New York and Eastern North America ~ , Let E34 ar vf a : eee re ak EAC a sag is . - ie t i b sy 4 ~ a0 ee Meet S wi ried) biKts 4s iy “ a rs. , i rhe ae oF iu 7 7 we f ’ = % - ‘ New York State Education Department New York State Museum Joun M. Ciarke, Director Memoir 9 EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA BY JOHN M. CLARKE Introduction - - - - Dalhousie formation - - = Description of species” - - Arenaceous Devonic faunas of Som- erset, Piscataquis and Penobscot counties, Maine : - - Description of species” - - Devonic faunas of the Chapman Planta- tion, Aroostook county, Maine Description of species - - Early Devonic in eastern New York PARA 2 PAGE 5 Notes on the Oriskany fauna at 7 Highland Mills - - - - 18 Table of the Oriskany fauna of New York-New Jersey region - - General conclusions = - - 52 | Supplementary notes - - - - 66 Fault and infall at L’Anse au Sauvage on the Forillon, Gaspé - . gt Crinoid from Grande Gréve limestone 95 | Explanations of plates - - - 129 | Index - - - - - - ALBANY NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT 1909 PAGE 1913 1917 1919 IgI4 IgI2 1918 IgIO 1915 1gII 1920 1916 1921 STATE OF NEW YORK EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Regents of the University With years when terms expire Wuitretaw Rep M.A. LL.D. D.C.L. Chancellor Sr Crarr McKetway M.A. LL.D. Vice Chancellor DanreEL Beacu Ph.D. LL.D. - = - = = Piinverdys sOExXTtONe ees 3. 1e1D: 5 = = T. Guitrorp Smita M.A. C.E. LL.D. - - - Witiram Norrincuam M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. - Gursrer os orp, MA Di = - - = ALBERT VANDER VEER M.D. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. Epwarp LautersacH M.A. LL.D. - : E Eucenge A. Puitsin LL.B. LL.D. - = - Lucian L. SHEppEN LL.B. LL.D. - = = Francis M. CarPpENTER : - = = Commissioner of Education Anprew S: DrRacer EB EE: Assistant Commissioners Aucustrus S. Downine M.A. Pd.D. LL.D. First Frank Rouutns B.A. Ph.D. Second Assistant Tuomas E. Finegan M.A. Zhzrd Assistant Director of State Library James I. Wver, Jr, M.L.S. Director of Science and State Museum foun My Crarke ‘Ph.D LLep: Chiefs of Divisions Administration, Hartan H. Horner B.A. Attendance, James D. SuLLIVAN New York - Brooklyn Watkins - Palmyra Buffalo - Syracuse New York - Albany New York - New York Plattsburg - Mount Kisco Assistant Educational Extension, WiLLtiam R. Eastman M.A. M.L.S. Examinations, CHARLES F. WureEetock B.S. LL.D. Inspections, Frank H. Woop M.A. Law, Frank B. Givzert B.A. School Libraries, Cuarztes E. Fircu L.H.D. Statistics, Htram C. Case Trades Schools, ArrHuR D. Dean B.S. Visual Instruction, ALFRED W, Abrams Ph.B. New York State Education Department Sczence Diviston, November 11, 1907 flon. Andrew S. Draper LL.D. Commuessioner of Education Sik: 1 communicate herewith for publication, part 2 of Memoir number g, entitled Larly Devontc History of New York and Eastern North America. Very respectfully Joun M. Criarxe Director and State Geologzrst State of New York Education Department COMMISSIONER’S ROOM Approved for publication this 13th day of November 1907 ‘ e Se Commissioner of Education puno1se10F ‘smapeyo jo Avg ey} Ssoiov YWOuU Suryoo] Jayoy uvsreyouy woz MotA — atsnoyed ul urejUNoU atsnoyyed jo seandnig 6 NOW ummasny{ 3381S YIOX MAN New York State Education Department New York State Museum Joun M. Ciarke, Director Memoir 9 EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA BY JOHN M. CLARKE PART 2 INTRODUCTION These papers bring together additional results of studies inaugurated for the purpose of establishing a fuller basis of comparison between the early Devonic faunas of New York and those of the regions bordering the Atlantic coast line. In large measure the data here presented are purely paleontological and faunal as I have not taken occasion in connection with the examination of the region here involved to enter into detailed con- sideration of problems of regional structure. The work pertains to the same line of investigations as those set forth in part 1 of this memoir, and contributes thereto a series of factors which cast light upon the prob- lems of composition and origin of these ancient faunas. It is almost need- less to remark that so long as the exact nature of the species composing the faunas of this early period remained unknown, suggestions in regard to the true succession of events, the outline and modification of the coast lines of the time and the general courses of migration must remain unsubstantiated hypotheses. Hence paramount importance has been given to the examina- tion and identification of the species as a necessary stepping-stone to any 5 6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM lasting conclusions of broader import. To these are added such details of stratigraphy as have been obtainable in regions which have suffered consid- erably from crustal disturbances and in some cases are well overgrown with forest. The conclusions derived from the studies bearing upon the broader themes suggested are presented cautiously and with reserve. The regions involved have yet much to reveal before these items of their geological history can be apprehended in their proper perspective. Some of the prop- ositions here discussed have been already presented by the writer [Mus. Bul. 107, 1907 and Koenen’sche Festschrift, 1907] but in this place all details and deductions are brought together for the sake of fulness and logical connection. It is the purpose, first, to present in analytical form the faunas of three distinct regions outside of New York State: a That of Bellevue or Stewart's cove, near Dalhousie, New Brunswick, involved in the Dalhousze beds of H. M. Ami, 6 That of the much disturbed arenaceous shales of northern-central Maine extending in a belt across Somerset and Piscataquis counties in a northeast-southwest direction but probably forming no present or ancient direct connection with the Chapman sandstone of Aroostook county at the north. To these beds the term J/oose Rzver sandstone, introduced by H. S. Williams, is applied. c That of the isolated outcrops in Aroostook county in northeastern Maine, represented in the localities of Edmunds Hill and the Presque Isle stream in the Chapman Plantation; the Chapman sandstone of Professor Williams. These accounts are supplemented by some additional considerations of the Port Ewen and Oriskany faunas in New York. UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK EDUCATION DEPARTMENT. STATE MUSEUM MEMOIR 9PLATE A Ss Devono-Carbonic _Devonic Devonic Bonaventure Scawmenac Dalhouste SCALE, 4 MILES=1 INCH GEOLOGICAL MAP OF DALHOUSIE AND VICINITY After R.W. Ells, 1882 EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 7 I LE DALHOUSIE FORMATION Dalhousie, lying at the upper reaches of the Bay of Chaleurs where its waters broaden out from the debouching Restigouche river, faces from the New Brunswick side of the bay the now well known site of Devonic fishes at Scaumenac. It is in fact the northernmost point of land in the Province of New Brunswick. The village rests at the foot of an intrusive volcanic boss, Dalhousie mountain, lying a mile or two back from the water. From this parallel apophyses extend seaward and in between these have been caught the series of beds whose fauna here invites our attention. 2 Following the shore southeastward from Dalhousie harbor beyond the Incharran Hotel to the Bon Ami rocks (a sea wrecked promontory fre- quently referred to by writers as Cape Bon Ami but not so known by the residents) one traverses only the section of one of these igneous arms. The inward retreat of the shore at the Bon Ami rocks marks the begin- ning of Stewart’s cove and here the sedimentaries are exposed only in shore section and extending inland but a short distance. With these only are we here concerned. A series of about 450 feet of calcareous shales, for the most part uniformly dipping at an angle of 70 degrees toward the northeast and north rests upon the slopes of the eruptives with some degree of alteration from contact therewith and carries interbedded ash or tufa strata full of organic remains. Sedimentation was contemporary with the volcanic ejections as evinced by the ash beds and quite probably coeval with the outpouring over the sea bottom of the greater volcanic masses. These disturbances have produced no dislocations of the strata though they have hardened and glazed them along certain contacts. Historical note Not much has been recorded concerning the geological situation at Stewart's cove and it is perhaps quite sufficient to quote here the account given by Sir William Dawson [Acadian Geology, ed. 4. 1891. p. 578] which summarizes the work of his predecessors in this field. 8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM A glance at the map will enable the reader to perceive, extending south- west from Bathurst, in the Bay de Chaleur, that broad and rugged belt of altered Lower Silurian and plutonic rocks, the terror of railway engineers, which forms the natural limit of Acadia on the northwest, and separates the coal field of New Brunswick from the Upper Silurian valley of the Rest- gouche and Upper St John, the debatable land, in point of physical geog- raphy, between the high lands of the Nepisiguit which belong to New Brunswick, and the high lands of Rimouski and Gaspé which belong to the Province of Quebec. This belt of very ancient rocks was probably a physical barrier even as early as the Upper Silurian period; for on passing it we find in the valleys DN \ dry View of Stewart’s cove looking south from near the Bon Ami rocks. The low terrace embraces only the upper division of the series. The hill in the middle distance is an interbedded intrusive mass beyond which ina shore retreat the rest of the series is concealed. of the Restigouche and the neighboring streams, beds of highly calcareous and fossiliferous Upper Silurian rocks identical in character with those of Gaspé, and differing both in mineral character and the assemblage of fossils from those which we have just been studying. The southern limit of this Upper Silurian area, in so far as it is known, may be seen on the map; and its structure may be learned from the following description by Professor Hind of the section at Cape Bon Ami [Stewart's cove] near Dalhousie. The section is in ascending order, and the dips are to the northward at an angle of 45°. 1 Trap. 2 Calcareous shales. 3 Trap or trappean ash, more or less stratified, and with veins of car- bonate of lime and quartz. 4 Calcareous shales and honestones, weathering buff or pale yellow. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 9 5 Trap, vesicular, hard and black, weathering red. 6 Calcareous shale and limestone, with honestone. Many layers are fissile and shaly, weathering buff, others are hard and silicious. The lime- stones contain Favosites gothlandica, Strophomena rhom- boidalis, etc. In the upper part of this series there appears to be a conglomerate 14 feet thick, capped by honestone 36 feet thick. 7 Massive trap. 8 Limestone highly fossiliferous. Among its fossils are Favosites eothilanduca F. polymorpha, Fepbasalitica otro phommena rhomboidalis, S. punctulifera,Calymene blumenbachil, (Eada het culiarins, 9g Trap, highly ferruginous.* It is instructive to observe the large amount of bedded trap or volcanic ash in the above section. This accords with the presence of large quantities of apparently interstratified igneous rock in the Kingston group and in the Cobequid mountains, as already noticed, Such interstratified volcanic mat- ters are abundant in some parts of the Silurian of Great Britain. They are comparatively rare in other parts of Nova Scotia, though beds of this kind occur in New Canaan. Similar traps occur in Gaspé, ut they are absent from the typical Upper Silurian of New York and western Canada. Their presence indicates the recurrence of volcanic eruptions at frequent intervals during the Upper Silurian period. A collection of fossils from the beds at Dalhousie and its vicinity has been kindly communicated to me by Professor Bailey, and has been submit- ted to Mr Billings, who regards the species as equivalent to those of the Port Daniel limestones of the northern side of the Bay de Chaleur, which may be regarded as intermediate in age between the Niagara and Lower Helderberg groups, and therefore probably not far from the horizon of the Upper Arisaig series, or perhaps between this and the Lower Arisaig group. The following fossils from Dalhousie and Restigouche, now in the Museum of the University of New Brunswick, have been determined by Mr Billings. The assemblage is in the main that of the Lower Helderberg. Favosites basaltica Favosites gothlandica Zaphrentis 7. s.. same as one in the Gaspé limestone Spirifera eycloptera Atrypa reticularis Cyrtia dalmani Rhynchonella vellicata Ha// Stenopora Halysites catenulatus Syringopora Diphyphyllum Orthis tubulistriata /7a//, or allied Orthis oblata Ha// Strophomena rhomboidalis Strophomena punctifera Consad Strophomena varistriata Athyris princeps, or allied Leptocoelia, allied to L. hemispherica Fenestella Megambonia, allied to M. ovoides Ha// Conocardium Pleurotomaria, allied to P. labrosa Had/ Euomphalus sinuatus (?) Dalmanites «The total thickness of the above series is not stated by Professor Hind. Rocks 5 rs 3 ‘ E < e ¢ ) MY Bruptive 8 3 300 SouthSes Level Numbers at the top indicate o 2 a 5 x e ir Dalhousie from the Bon Ami rocks at the north to the south end Diagrammatic section of the Lower Devonic beds r he shore sectior 1s, those at the bortc the subd NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The foregoing is a lucid sketch and gives an essential clue to the nature of the stratigraphy and the character of the fossil fauna, the affiliation of which with the Helderbergian of New York is admitted. The field was entered by Dr Ells in 1879-80, who has briefly mentioned the area* and colored it on the larger map of New Brunswick, sheet 3, S. W., a small portion of which we have reproduced here. Dr Ells did not, however, enter into a detailed notice of the structure of the region at this point. Itis to Dr H. M. Ami that we owe the term Dal- housie formation which we are applying to these beds [Equisse géologique du Canada, 1902, p. 27, III]. The rock section. In the succession as here presented, though interbedded with and interrupted by volcanics, there appears to be no break, displacement or duplication by faulting, the strata dipping to the n. ne. at a high angle quite uniformly jo’ to 75°.. The base of the series lies at the south end. * Geol. Sur. Can. Rep’t, p. 20 D. 2 The wniter’s first visit to this interesting locality was in 1900 in company with Prof. Charles Schuchert of the National Museum, now of Yale University. Very extensive collections were made here by both of us and subsequently at the Gaspé localities which have already been described. We then entered upon a mutual understanding by virtue of which the faunas of the Lower Devonic beds including the Dalhousie series and the St Alban and Cape Bon Ami beds of Gaspé were to be elaborated by Mr Schuchert and the faunas of the Grande Gréve lime- stones by the writer. As time passed and the latter’s work was going well forward Mr Schuchert was called to New Haven before he had found opportunity to begin his investigations, and thereupon faced by many other duties he voluntarily and very graciously relinquished to my hands the study of the entire series of faunas, and with it all the collections made therefrom by him for the National Museum. The representation of the Dalhousie fauna on which this treatise is based has, like that of the Gaspé faunas, not been meager. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA In ascending order : South. Volcanic boss making southern slope to sea plain of a low headland overlain by I 1e) Mat Il FEET Calcareous shale with Sieberella pseudogaleata, Lep- taena rhomboidalis and in the lowest stratum corals (Favosites, Zaphrentis etc.) No contact metamorphism - 30 Gray to yellowish hard calcareous shales with thin beds of limestone - - - - = - - - - - 125 Hard blocky yellowish gray argillaceous limestone - - - 40 Coarse conglomeratic ash bed - = = = é : Siar Compacted gray blocky limestone — - - - - - - 10 Volcanic boss, goo feet in section, near the middle of which lies a detached mass of hardened and glazed calcareous shale resting at an angle to the normal dip, measuring 30 feet in transverse thickness, 15 feet in hight and apparently entirely embedded in the volcanic matter. This mass contains corals and brachiopods — - - - - - : - . - - 30 Compacted limestone beds overlying the eruptive; contains corals and other fossils - - - - - - - 7 Soft calcareous shales lying at the entrance of a small stream and very rich in Leptaena rhomboidalis - - =o 20 Limestones and calcareo-argillaceous shales with profusion of corals and brachiopods - - - - - - = aS Soft shales with lamellibranchs — - - - - - - = 1O Ash beds alternating with thin limestones and shales all highly fossiliferous, the ash beds containing Rensselaeria stewarti in abundance - - - - = - - 30 Blocky calcareous shale with gastropods (Coelidium) - - = eo Ash bed with Rensselaeria stewarti - - - - I Barren shales - - - - - - - - . = DS Thin white limestone - - - - - - - - 1a 12 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM FEET 16 Coral reef limestone exposed only at low tide; shaly in lower part - - - - - - = - - - - 25 From this point northward the section is concealed by an old sea beach or talus for a distance of 400 feet to the projection of the eruptive mass called the Bon Ami rocks, The total thickness of the sedimentary series in Stewart’s cove is thus approximately 430 feet in a sea cliff section 1700 feet long. The fossils of the fauna have been chiefly obtained from beds 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 16. In their distribution there is some uniformity but strong contrasts are also evident in the range of leading species. These facts will be evident upon study of the accompanying table. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA at] x x 4 Rc) x x | Bd x xX lp x aaa x AX pied tle tly J+] yx x | x a x eles x x x x xl: elas x x X x ae lacs hee coe |p kel ae ce cage ayiD]D) PJEAINIUL ({P]]9}U0IA4g) “gq pocississ}o 9) gag. sipequep1os0 ‘a ‘s{pjoH eye|nopsey ° J COR Toe ae quajyac:) StAsejopnesd «fo -g Si Seek Oe sarees! aydD]) SLEYSOOIJUT CIULIAIg 7 wad WYNM pue ayipjzD snojoid “Jo “gq SS ee tas ayipj) wsXuap uezoadoutie}g ipeaai non sntt cao oe 17H snyountsip snjeydwong St oi geo oho hbo. Oro patio Oroee Ceol co thoNGcaG ds svlooAIe] J 2 ODODE OID OO (PH ) eyorduroo vosossrayy i renee rea EAT eae cis iaes ter aa ay4v]) anuay “5 Sot Losec cee es ayYdD].) SBIIOO[G214s WNIpTyecg [e229 eqysnyoAiod ‘amaxnup A enbrque {9 “Fy ae Oe CCG aydDI eYesN1IOD “2 Tuvslyelua “Fy puene teh eshte Moe etear teks ayipj) Tueryelus eadojoxy Sa ne eer sags ayd0j) wnsdyt {9 serod0u0ly : oll eee wanes 7MH wmnyzesroureorsuo] “{9 se1s00yj,10 sMshelfertwbie) "a letvatalef atielinvele) sllviteteltete.s (sauo[) Wey AS eel eal geet Soe (sauof) eoruBA[Asuued e]auapa0] yy DE Na Sr} Ad]SSD & YItdy (-) esoljound UE DOG tec Doe DORE ToD Gc (4a]]9M) SIsudxassns “yy Dee Gh yeas ae Sa AIISSD & YIVAT () Ploftjor DSI ye (49719 M) STSUBSNTUPUL SM ee ee Ad]SSD & YIUAD() SI[BULSIeUL PIUIPIO][ OOo DO 0 CCI DOD OO IO On a n20u e]joulopAyoeg So Sy CONDO Dee oe Oo OO DO O6S COO O80 OS OO sauof ‘fo dog7W woepeoy eryotsog DOO oO ODO OO mmo OOO ODO Ono D Om ds snjoo1g “ -aydp,9 Iofeul ‘2 7DE Wpuvizeq snoyuo1g pee gy echoes ed aia UdaId£) SNANIOUE SoJTUPUU] eC ls )= = paumg stsuadses ‘2 DH TuUPsO] sdooseyg BD fo (ne barracos ds snyo8S101g aera teal Brora: HH thio ch Deore & O- oWOsan010 G.oldrg 0 OOD ds stqioids | ueIZjUI[GQOD | uvudey:) REqiy 4S esepuouy Aueysugd YNOVd AISNOHIVG AHL AO NOILNGIALSIG GNV ADNVA Sdua aISNOH IVa Sa1IOgdds STATE MUSEUM YORK NEW 14 ueizquajqog ueqiy 4S esepuouKg A AUPYSUO BiIaqiap[ay 3 wa ~ K - x wm w “x KK * jutate le “4 xls S| | [2e1 esi Aa aa Real | Sk THO O08 Oo: d ‘ ayuDjg wUeyIoYyoNIoS (gq) g ey ee a * ayapjy) sofeut (uolidAyorig) “Ss jes|eclertes|e-}e+l-+1-+oy7m19 weorureuog “ford qyoFT Tuosieyed “sg | Gl cae See poiuoy) eYeiIyseA ByUOposydo.4g EE a ede puuirgy sirenoyer edAryy Rone bone 1.Ae setae mban Dsoe 24110] eonurye “2 yoy eyesojiod vatdsozewory, Sy ietetes aaa erage “OH Bowsyusouoo eirdsoajonyy So aeo thd, 0 a otro PH sdeoutid PIOISHOW Bae Cecucw ie Seeman Once ayAD]D eIZeELeYO euIyIAD ajpviie ve} fe,jeljeliejze) a)\s) efelel ele) iene 1H snsojjourejsod fe) | epi’ Pehle elves! (o/s! 'el(es alte) nae IPH snuutouos aoytuidg Sdb o.oo atop connor noo “++ eryoaojo1e Ue) xt eats “DFT eyrojesopnosd ejasaqatsg eae ae 94401 IYABMOYS BLIOB]ASSUIY aa aydvp) WIN}e.1d0.1eOUT WHNTpreI0U0) Seen aydp79 Stinoas (eIyotyiq) vueynonN A yp 2ydD].D S2|[Of (SOPJHONN) Offouoaryeq ao aie es aou snowoynyd (4 4 snjnounyoed) opts dd Sih oe Dodo Gulolo aicmonola tid On Z ‘ds vroue[ Fic.sG~-Gip no lnoid o,orow. 0.0 “994019 TAo|Ieq in 2 OOD DLO “ts aunt IMAYIZEUL SNPOIIL][ teenies ayapjg eesaquiniou ejapreodég aviavial {af eviatc \elfelle..w. eile ¢ 4° 0.4 (she: adD19 wnyesuoja 5) SE uasnpysnag wmniiede13 wntpAieg sihe tly, eys0) 0b! ejte) © 10.6: ,6)\6) 0m @ Je ayADIID Is[[o snyousyds ov O.GVOL Oo Ds Sane coon ayADID. BYEAINI vioydoruor) Se eee es ayinj9 reduat eydioworpoyq of oirsataltee a tae Beane ayaDyg aisnoyyep Boles PMR ieee eter Mette ke! a} it siiehene.« ayADID opuniry ‘d o Oi 8 dloha Oo cee ayADID dJassed PI [9qTU0194 I raise e ees aYdD]D UIN[[TXOA “2 STIG BOUTIO} sqaa AISNOHTVa (venut) VWNOVA AISNOHIVG AHL dO NOLLAGIALSIG Salodds GNV ADNVa ES) EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA [MOM KM OK > d | REAR Ey (ds) sdamaoy eso1qy eipury Big Oe Opa as a tg suepuelds -/9 ewouoAqoiqg anoc aca H 1) “a IN Ipreummnys styua1yde7z 2 o|[7 olfrollo al\Gio|[a aloo ols blloaian sooo ae youDuiy’y sniszepnuezeo saiss[ey Xlosccc ttt ees PH deIsi9qJ1appoy af pio wads H 2 °A-W snoueydsruroy sopisoaey ds eaprlopnoiqio¢, GO|) 560.90 coo oo Sic oO GIDItND 1M snyeao sdopryoyg Pala Pepercseetee Sictat ronh se neem once Neca ae MnO pluel) 4 Oll pia oftea toast oo ace 6 Gio ) Lo) ye] BUILIESE B[[eIUeIO EEN Rote egsreuccmee Rots econcyscn afeaene ts axdD]) SNUMU “YY voll Sie ae aydv].) saploprqAy vijewoprdryy SUS Pte enemy 7H eyeysynur erioydoztyos sr eiic willere | > | (ral eee eee ab) © eliviele le 1H PABOUOD vostuseyda'yT ““7DFT snyerper (e][ajJteyonyos) sazay,OYIIO OG |Ieaee ane aa suaya]t A, Syeproquioys eusryday > gi aa igs noua poiuo) exrazynjound ejjouoydo.1ys Po Cindic a eos. OOUN “1PH WO8q, erydo.j3sojde'] 16 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Upon analyzing this fauna we observe that it embraces at least 73 well defined or indicated species and varieties exclusive of some undetermined corals and stromatoporoids. Of these 63 are determined with precision and may be utilized as a basis of comparison and correlation with other faunas. Inthe Helderberg fauna of the Appalachian gulf especially of New York there are of these 73 species, 31 which are either identical with or show athliation to them, ‘This fact of itself is conclusive of contemporary we So Photo, by Charles Schuchert The lowest division of the Dalhousie beds at the south end of Stewart’s cove; division 1, resting on an eruptive boss age and the extension of the Helderberg fauna southwestward through an unimpeded basin passage. With the fauna of the St Alban beds of Gaspé there are fewer identi- ties, 9 in all, and yet we have shown quite as emphatic agreement on the part of the St Alban fauna with that of New York as is presented by the Dalhousie formation. Different elements of the Helderberg fauna seem to have become sequestered in the embayments of this old coast, which, sharing little in common, share much with the resultant fauna. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 17 Added to the features we have indicated, are some definite relationships to the calcareous Oriskany of the Appalachian province. It is important to notice also the very strong affinity of the pelecypod element of the Dal- housie fauna with that of the Coblentzian, a characteristic which knits the fauna in a measure to that of the arenaceous fauna of the Chapman Plan- tation of Maine, elsewhere considered, and demonstrates the effect of trans- atlantic influences on the region under consideration. We infer, therefore, that the Dalhousie fauna is essentially Helderberg- ian in its constitution but modified by coming within the influence of transatlantic immigrants, though the latter effect is less evident than in the faunas of the more southerly embayment represented by the Moose river beds of northeastern Maine. 18 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES OF THE DALHOUSIE FORMATION Spirorbis sp. Specimens common, attached to various shells. FHlorizon. Nos. 9, 13. Pterygotus sp. Plate 1, figure 8 There have been found several fragments of large segments of a Pterygotus but no other parts. These show a coarsely scaly surface, Florzzon. No. Phacops logani Hall var. gaspensis Clarke See N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.165 and this memoir, pt 1, p.119, pl. ro, fig. 5, 6, 10-16 A few parts of a Phacops show no critical characters by which they can be distinguished from the form occurring on the Gaspé Forillon. Fforzzon. No. 11. Dalmanites micrurus (Green) Plate 1, figures 1-3 See pt t, p. 120 The specimens both of cephalon and pygidium, which are identified with this species, are larger than those of the Grand Gréve limestone and in the pygidium the pleurae are very clearly sulcate and tubercled. These, however, are probably but slight differences and with the New York types they are quite consonant. Flortzon. No. Bronteus barrandii Hall var. major Clarke Plate 1, figure 7 3ronteus barrandii Hall var. major Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.167 A pygidium with the structural details of B. barrandii, but having many times the size distinctive of that species in New York ‘and Gaspé. It has the short axis, broad median rib and seven lateral ribs on each side, all becoming obsolete on the smooth border. There is here no structural variation from the specific type but a noteworthy distinction in expression. Horizon. No. 10. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 19 Proetus sp. Plate 1, figures 4-6 There are two species of this genus present : 1 A small form of the type of P. phocion Billings and P. con- radi Hall, widespread throughout early Devonic formations : in which the glabella i is conate, broad, obscurely lobed, the anterior margin of the cranidium flat and narrow, the pygidium small with a broad and short spindle having 7 annulations, narrow pleurae with 4 or 5 duplicate ribs and a thickened border. Horizon. No. 9. 2 A much apace form represented by along pygidium with narrow axis having 7 or 8 annulations and relatively broad pleurae with 5 or 6 duplicate ribs. Horizon. No. 8. Beyrichia kloedeni McCoy cf. var. acadica Jones See Beyrichia kloedeni McCoy var. acadica Jones. Ann. & Mag. 1889. Ser. 6H 33 7ON pled 7, te 3=—0,.55.9 Professor Jones figures 6 specimens, described from Stewart's cove," these ‘being referred to B. k1 oe deni as so many subvarietal individuals falling into one varietal group.” ‘The true B. kloedeni itself exhibits a considerable variety of lobes and furrows. The Gaspé specimens in the form of their posterior and frontal lobes, the isolation and round shape of the middle lobe and in their dimensions present individual similarities with those from Dalhousie. The middle lobe is on the whole a little shorter than in the largest from that locality, well isolated and the confluence of the large lobes is more complete. The species is not unlike B. notata ventricosa Hall from the Helderbergian though the latter has a narrower anterior lobe. - The specimens attain a length of 4 mm, a width of 2.5 mm and a hight of .g mm. Specimens of but 1 mm in length, which evidently repre- sent the young of the variety under consideration, differ markedly from the mature examples in the absence of one or both of the sulci bounding the middle lobe, the latter only appearing as a low prominence upon the even surface of the valve, and in the complete absence of the median ventral depression separating the two large lobes. This approach of young forms to the aspect of Primitia has been observed in the young of Beyrichiae by Verworn and Walcott. florizon. No. 12. «Termed in the original description, Cape Bon Ami, 20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM For all following identifications of the ostracodes in the Dalhousie beds, I have been under obligations to Dr R. S. Bassler and E. O. Ulrich who have recently prepared an extended account of some of the species.’ With regard to the form above cited there appears to be some degree of uncertainty in the minds of the authors referred to and they Rave not satisfied themselves that the name given does not include diverse objects. Pachydomella sp. nov. Somewhat allied to P. longula Ulrich & Bassler, from the Coey- mans limestone at Cumberland, Md., but distinguished from all other members of the genus by its punctate surface. Florizon. No. 13. Kloedenia marginalis Ulrich & Bassler (Op. czt. p. 301, pl. 38, fig. 16) Similar to K. manliusensis (Weller) but has a wider margin, is more elongate and its sulci are much shallower; surface without ornament. FHlorztzon. No. 12. Kloedenia manliusensis (Weller) Beyrichia manliensis Weller. N. J. Geol. Sur. Pal. 1903. 3: 268, pl. 23, fig. 10 Kloedenia manliensis Ulrich & Bassler. Of. et. p. 301 Described from the Manlius fauna of New Jersey. FHorizon. No. 12. Kloedenia retifera Ulrich & Bassler (OP. cit. p. 302, pl. 28, fig. 18) Not known in other localities, HHortzon. No. 12. Kloedenia sussexensis (Weller) Beyrichia sussexensis Weller. J. Geol’Sur. Pals 1903)" a\n252-ply2getigea wa Kloedenia sussexensis Ulrich & ee Op. cit. p. 302 From the “ Decker Ferry” fauna of New Jersey. Florzzon. No. 12. * New ones an PEalenvote Ostracoda: Preliminary Revision of the Beyrichiidae, with Descriptions of New Genera. U.S. Nat. Mus. Proc. 1908. 35: 277-340, pl. 37-44. EARLY. DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 21 Kloedenia punctillosa Ulrich & Bassler (Of. czt. p. 301, pl 38, fig. 17) Similar to K> mearpassi and Ks barretty (Weller) from the oe LS + ” T Decker Ferry” fauna of New Jersey. Florzzon. No. 12. Kloedenella pennsylvanica (Jones) Kloedenia pennsylvanica Jones. Am. Geol. 1889. 4:341, pl. 2, fig. 5a-d, 6 (not fig. 7a, 7b, 8, 9) Kloedenella pennsylvanica Ulrich & Bassler. Op. cit. p. 318 florizon. No. 13. Kloedenella halli (Jones) Beyrichia halli Jones. Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc. Lond. 1890. Ser. 4. 46: 15, pl. 4 fig. 21 Bollia halli Ulrich. Minn. Geol. & Nat. Hist. Sur. Final Rep’t. 1894. v. 3, pt 2, p. 669 Kloedenella halli Ulrich & Bassler. Of. ct#. p. 319 In Maryland and Pennsylvania this species occurs in the Manlius waterlimes and Coeymans limestone. Florzzon. No. 13. Orthoceras cf. longicameratum Hall Plate 1, figure 9 See Orthoceras longicameratum Hall. Palaeontology of New York. 1859. Bovey, Wl Gpy 1 wy Smooth, large longicones with regularly convex septa and beadlike siphuncular deposits were given this name by Hall in application to speci- mens from the Coeymans limestone. Similarly constructed orthocerata occur in these Dalhousie beds. Hlorizon. No. 11. Kionoceras cf. rhysum Clarke See Kionoceras rhysum Clarke. N. Y. State Mus, Bul. 107. 1907. p. 176; this memoir, pt 1, p. 142, pl. 13, fig. 1-5 Florizon. No. 11. ~ Holopea enjalrani Clarke Plate 1, figures 17-19 Holopea enjalrani Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 187 Small, rotund, Diaphorostoma-shaped shells with greatly expanded body whorl and low reduced spire. Whorls two and one half to three, greatly overlapping, sutures not impressed ; aperture entire, oval; base perforate. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM to to Surface of final whorl regularly convex and covered with fine regular con- centric growth lines. Hight of typical example 10 mm, hight of body whorl 8 mm, width across base 12 mm. Species name. Father Enjalran, Recollet missioner, active on this coast about 1675. florzzon. No. 12. The steeply inclined beds at Stewart's cove, Dalhousie, resting against a volcanic sheet. Taken at low tide Holopea enjalrani var. corrugata Clarke Plate x, figure 20 Holopea enjalrani var. corrugata Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 187 A shell of the same proportions as H. enjalrani carries a series of rather strong oblique corrugations on the body whorl parallel to the growth EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 23 lines and somewhat swollen at the top near the suture. It is an expression unusual at this early age though well known in Carbonic shells of similar type and as the departure from H. enjalrani is alone in the clustering of the concentric growth striae into pilae, I should regard the shell a varietal expression of that species. Fforizon. No. 12. Holopea cf. antiqua Vanuxem var. pervetusta Conrad Plate 1, figures 14-16 See Hall, Palaeontology of New York. 1859. 3: 294, pl. 54, fig. 2, 3 The shells of this type from Dalhousie are essentially like those figured by Hallas Holopea antiqua but have the less marked difference in size of body whorl which brings them into closer resemblance to the variety cited but which was not well known to Hall. These shells are common at Dalhousie, have uniformly convex whorls 3 to 4 in number, the last being regularly rounded and transversely or concentrically striate. The aperture is round or slightly oblique and the inner lip excavate. Florizon. No. 13. Coelidium strebloceras Clarke Plate 2, figures 7-9 Coelidium strebloceras Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 189 An extremely elongate and terete shell with not less than 20 volutions at full growth. The best preserved specimen has a length of 70 mm, and a width at the base of 11mm. The latter whorls display a sharp median angu- lation with a moderately broad and distinct slit band from which the slope to the suture is abrupt, more distinct and flattened above, more convex below. This singularly delicate ‘“ Murchisonia” carries to an extreme the expression presented by some of the species described by Hall from the Guelph and by Lindstroem from the Gothlandian. fforizon, No, 11. Coelidium tenue Clarke See page 99 florizon. No. 11. Melissosoa compacta (Hall) Plate 2, figures 1-6 Loxonema ? compacta Hall. Palaeontology of New York. 1859. 3:297, pl. 54, fig. 12 Under the name cited Professor Hall described a shell from the Lower Pentamerus (Coeymans) limestone of Schoharie, N. Y., which is peculiar 24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM in its greatly extended spirals, low, narrow and numerous whorls (13 in the typical specimen), very direct and transverse sutures. The shell is extremely uncommen in New York but in the Dalhousie fauna it is one of the abun- dant species and no doubt exists of the specific identity in the two localities. The original is a palpable internal cast; those at Dalhousie usually retain the external markings and these show that the shell is wholly without exter- nal evidence of a slit band, while the surface is otherwise quite smooth and bears simple concentric growth lines. Like the shells we have referred to the genus Coelidium,' it has an open umbilicus extending to the tip of the spire, but Coelidium, of which we have representatives” in this fauna, carries a slit band. A few of our many specimens suggest on the internal cast but not on the exterior the presence of a slit band, very vague and uncertain, confined to the later whorls only and though this evidence is slender, not shown on the outside, it points to the relation of this shell to Coelidium. So peculiar is the aspect of the shell that it may be well to distinguish it by the generic term used above. Flortzon. No. 11 Platyceras sp. Plate 1, figure 13 A rather large deeply furrowed and corrugated shell similar to P. retrorsum Hall of the Helderbergian [sce Palaeontology of New York, 1859, 9321320, pl: 58, fg. For mplisso; fic. o}. Flortzon. No. eeeanaies disjunctus Hall > fig Plate 2, figures 10-14 Euomphalus disjunctus Hall. Palaeontology of New York. 1859. 3: 340, pi. 65, fig. 8; pl. 67, fig. 4 This species was described from internal casts and the specific name has reference to the condition of these whorls in the cast, but the speci- mens from Dalhousie where the shell is abundant and shows nothing to separate it from the New York form, retain the shell substance and show clearly the union of the whorls throughout their course. In these too the difference between the upper and lower sides of the spiral is well marked, the former being but slightly overpassed by the final whorl while the latter is deeply depressed. Florizon. No *N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 5, p. 67. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 25 Opercula of Gastropods (Euomphalus ?) Plate x, figures 10-12 Associated with the gastropods described are discoid bodies having the aspect of large Orbiculoideas, with an apparently concentric surface linea- tion, and a considerable thickness of substance. The markings on these are really close wound spirals beginning at a central or subcentral apex. The bodies are sometimes flat from compres- sion, but usually convex and have an aspect similar to these which by Whit- eaves, Lindstroem and Spitz have been looked upon as opercles.* Fflorzzon. No. 11. Pterinopecten denysi Clarke Plate 3, figure 7 Pterinopecten denysi Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 199 Shell moderately large, subcircular, known only from its left valve which in the single specimen before us is somewhat incomplete about the hinge but has a very characteristic sculpture. This consists primarily of a few strong radial ribs of unequal size, which rapidly spread apart leaving broad interspaces which do not, in any noticeable degree on the body of the shell, become occupied by other ribs, except small and simple ones of a secondary series. The primary ribs themselves widen, become broad and flat and split up into lesser ones, though all derived from the division of any rib may remain together in a fascicle. On the anterior part of the shell the diffusion of the riblets is less defined and regular. All these are crossed by very fine reticulating concentric striae. This is a style of irregular sculpture which with more specimens would probably prove to be quite inconstant and is in a measure reproduced in the very variable species from the Oriskany of New York, which we have designated as P. proteus. A similar aspect is presented by the P. wulfi Frech from the lower Coblentzian of the Pifels Species name. Nicholas Denys, in 1672 proprietor of all the country from Cape Canso to Cape Rosier. Horizon. No. 9. See e. g. Whiteaves. Palaeozoic Fossils. 1884. 3: 33, pl. 3, fig. 10,11; pl. 7, fig. 7. 2Devon. Aviculiden Deutschlands, p. 25, pl. 2, fig. 7. 26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Pterinopecten cf. proteus Clarke and wulfi Frech Plate 3, figure 1 Pterinopecten proteus Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Mem. 3. 1900. p. 32, pl. 4, fig. 4-8 ; and Pterinope eten wulfi Frech. Devon. Aviculiden Deutschlands, p. 25, pl. 2, fig. 7 The small specimen figured here under enlargement is compared with the species above cited from the Becraft Mountain Oriskany of New York and the Lower Coblentzian of the Eifel. Florizon. No. Pterinea intercostata Clarke Plate 3, figures 8-12 Pterinea intercostata Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 206 Shell suberect or oblique with small auricle and well defined, broad but not extended posterior ear. Hinge straight, about two thirds the greatest diameter of the shell. Beaks anterior, subterminal. Left valve with coarse and strong radial ribs separated by bread flat interspaces. Of these one can count about 12 on the body of the shell. The primary interspaces are usually divided by a much finer median riblet but further subdivision is very unusual, On the broad posterior wing radial ribs are sparse and indis- tinct though usually traces of them may be seen. Here the fine concentric lines predominate, giving the surface a smoothness in contrast to the rest of the valve. The concentric lines are also visible on the rest of the surface. As usually preserved they make faint interruptions of the radial ribs but when normal are lamellose and strongly defined. The right valve is prac- tically devoid of radial sculpture, the surface being crossed by sharply defined concentric lines, only the posterior wing showing a few riblets on the cast. The contrast in the markings of the two valves is extreme but is conclusively demonstrated by several specimens with both valves retained. This species may be compared in respect to ornament with several coarsely ribbed shells, e g. P. costata Goldfs, Avicula rigoma- gensis Frech, from the Coblentzian, A. reticulata Sowerby, from the Aymestry limestone, but such comparisons are resemblances only in one or another feature. No closely allied form is now recognized. florizon. No. 9. Pterinea cf. pseudolaevis OEhlert Plate'2, figures 2, 3 This is a smooth-shelled species of suberect form with evenly convex, subcircular lower margin, broad but not extended or deeply concave pos- terior wing. The body of the left valve is not highly convex nor promi- nently set “off from the posterior wing to which it slopes quite gently. The EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 27 anterior wing is small, the beak subterminal and anterior slope quite direct. Concentric crowth lines only are visible on the surface. Tie Is a species suggestive of several which have been described from late Siluric and early Devonic beds, e.g, P. retroflexa Wahl. (Upper Ludlow) and spe- cially P. pseudo laevis Oehlert from the lower Coblentzian, from which it seems to differ in form only in its smaller anterior wing. Fforizon. Nos. 9, 13. Pterinea fasciculata Goldfuss var. occidentalis Clarke ~ Plate 4, figures 1-7 Pterinea fasciculata Goldfuss var. occidentalis Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul, 107. 1907. p. 205 (figures of P.cf. occidentalis fasciculata on p. 204) See Pterinea fasciculata Goldfuss. Petrefacta Germaniae, 2: 137, pl 129, fig. 5, and Frech. Devon. Aviculiden Deutschlands. 1891. p. 84, pl. 8, fig. 1; pl. 9, fig. 1-3 This extremely common shell is essentially a miniature a eet asica- culata Goldfuss. -Though reduced in all its proportions and in the strength of its ornament yet it expresses excellently the characters of the German species. The valves are both convex, the left notably and the right but slightly. The left valve has the body well elevated above the posterior wing. This wing is sometimes more incurved at the margin and more extended at the point than in the figured German specimens but these features are variable in the Dalhousie shells. The body of the shell or direction of the crescence line is commonly more oblique than in European specimens but this is an expression due in some measure to mode of preservation, for examples occur here quite as erect as those referred to, The breadth of the byssal groove and emargination on the valve are also notable; together with the relative development of the anterior ear they are in full agreement with P. fasciculata. The surface of this valve is marked by coarsely fasciculated radial striae. The major ribs do not exceed five or six but these are widely separated on the body of the shell, the interspaces occupied by radii of lower order. On the posterior slope the striae are of uniform size and are visible on the wing. On the anterior wing there are two or three coarse riblets but the byssal sinus is deep and without radii. Crossing these elevated radial lines are fine crowded and elevated concentric lines giving all the surface except the byssal sinus a reticulate ornament. The right valve is much less convex than the left, the anterior wing relatively large, the byssal sinus deep, the body of the shell depressed. The surface bears a few simple filiform radial lines along the body of the shell and others are visible on the posterior wing at the hinge. No concentric lines are evident. Horizon. No. 11. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM to o/s) Pterinea (Pteronitella ?) incurvata Clarke Plate 3, figures 13-18 Pterinea (Pteronitella?) incurvata Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 210 Valves elongate on the hinge, the greatest length of the hinge being almost twice the. hight of the shell, Anterior wing well defined on both valves, byssal sinus ‘not deep but broad and not marked by a notch on the right valve. Beaks one third the length of the hinge from the anterior extremity. General outline very oblique. Left valve highly convex and incurved over the body, sloping abruptly to the posterior wing, more grad- ually to the broad byssal sinus in front. From the prominent umbo the crescence line swings in a curve backward and forms a strong projection on the lower margin. The posterior wing is extended well beyond the poste- rior margin of the body and bounded. “by a concave curve which terminates in an acute point. Its surface is depressed in a direction conforming with the curve of the body. The surface of this valve is covered with regular concentric growth lines which are essentially unmodified on the anterior and posterior wings but the body of the valve bears radial striae which have some- what the aspect of unequal and flat riblets produced by series of incised lines. These multiply and broaden unequally presenting much the same aspect as those in P. edmundi of the Chapman Plantation. [.See p. 103] The right valve is depressed; on the posterior wing deeply concave, convex but not elevated along the crescence line, thence sloping to the lower margin with an incurved surface, the postlateral edge of the valve being upturned. The byssal notch ail sinus are indicated by a marginal incur- vature and depression. One specimen shows the striated ligament aed a small anterior adductor and slender anterior tooth. Surface of this valve entirely smooth or with concentric lines only. This shell is characterized by its extreme convexity and incurvature. Florizon. No. 11 Pterinea brisa var. vexillum Clarke Plate 3, figures 5, 6 Pterinea brisa var. vexillum Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 209 A left valve is suberect with a semicircular lower margin, deep byssal sinus, short but well defined anterior wing and broad posterior wing extended to an acute posterior angle. Its surface is flat or slightly concave in the pallial region. The sculpture consists of fine radial riblets of subequal size moderately distant and numerous over the body of the valve, very obscure on the posterior wing, which is entirely covered by concentric crowded lamellose lines ; the latter are extremely faint over the rest of the shell. A EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 29 less complete specimen in which the left valve is impressed upon the right shows that the surface of the latter was crossed by very strong radial and very distant ribs, the broad flat interspaces sometimes carrying intercalating ribs of lower order. These were crossed by concentric lines, presumably lamellae. The aspect of the surface is thus not unlike that of P. inter- costata but the outline is very different and the right valve is distinctly ribbed. The species P. brisa from Chapman Plantation [sce p. 104], the description of which is based on a right valve, is a very close approach to Photo. by Charles Schuchert Intrusives at Stewart’s cove, Dalhousie, with interbedded sediments this in respect to outline and surface characters, though a more elongate, erect shell. ‘To express this intimate relation the present form is regarded as a variety of the latter. Florzzon. Nos. 8, 9. Pteronitella hirundo Clarke Plate 4, figures 8-11 Pienomeuserl lal shat mid on Clarkes Ne we state Mus Bulk ro7 es 1ge75 (pa 2nr Shell much elongate on the hinge, terminating posteriorly in a slender, acute point, anteriorly blunt, the auricle atrophied and the anterior slope of 30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the valves abrupt. Beak subterminal, elevated, umbonal ridge subparallel with the anterior margin. From this ridge the surface of the left valve slopes very gradually downward and back; right valve flat except at the beak. Surface of left valve bearing sharp ‘and numerous radial lines, crowded and with a tendency to fasciculation over the anterior and lower parts but equidistant posteriorly. The hinge and ligament areas are bounded and crossed by a few very strong striae, the cardinal ed ge of the valve being thickened. All these lines are crossed by concentric striae, short and elevated everywhere except on the posterior cardinal surface. On the right valve the radial lines are obsolete except on the posterior wing near the hinge, only the concentric lines standing out sharply and equi- distant. The inner surface of both valves is quite smooth, This is a strik- ing species well defined by its outline and surface characters. Its thin shell has left insufficient evidence of its dentition but I have referred it to Ptero- nitella largely because of its general aspect. florizon. No. Pteronitella passer Clarke Plate 4, figures 12-14 Pteronitella passer Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. 'p. 212 This differs from the preceding in presenting a less extended and rather blunt posterior extremity, a more conspicuous anterior ear and a relatively greater breadth. The outline is still elongate with a gentle surface slope on all sides except the front where it is quite abrupt. The surface is fully reticulated by radial and concentric lines, the former being as before stronger along the posterior wing. ‘In my judgment this will be readily distinguished by its outline as exhibited in two left valves here figured, though it is undeniably similar to P. hirundo in many of its characters. Florizon. No. Mytilarca dalhousie Clarke Plate 5, figures 18-22 Mytilarca dalhousie Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 216 Cf. M. ovata Hall. Palaeontology of New. York. 1859. 3:279, pl. 50, fig: 7. M. solida Maurer. Fauna d. rechtsrhein. Unterdevon. 1886. p. 13; Frech. Devon. Aviculiden Deutschlands, p. 143, fig. 15 Mytilarca is not common in early Devonic faunas. The specimens of the genus from the Dalhousie fauna are well developed in respect to generic characters and of moderately large size approaching in dimensions the Hel- derbergian species Megambonia ovata Hall which has never been well described or ficured though its relation to Mytilarca has long been recognized ;* and in outline and contour M yalina solida Maurer of N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 3. 1900. p. 89. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 31 the Lower Coblentzian where such species are rare. Mytilarca dal- housie is elongate subovate in outline, with short straight posterior hinge and long abruptly deflected anterior margin extending to the basal curvature of the valves with a slightly sinuous curve. The surface is regularly but slightly convex with the greatest elevation along the anterior crescence line and the slope thence eradual in all directions except anteriorly, where it is curved down and inward. The general expression of the shell will be better appreciated from the figures than by description. There are large and small shells present with these characters, all representing the same specific form. The hinge characters are excellently shown in one specimen of the left valve. The beak is terminal; beneath it is the apex of the broad ligament area which is strongly striated horizontally. The anterior edge of this area slopes obliquely back to the inner apex of the valve and at this point is a single oblique elongated tooth, doubly crenulated on the crest leaving between it and the edge of the ligament area a pit or socket for the recep- tion of the tooth of the other valve. This socket is bounded below bya continuation of the tooth. Toward the posterior end of the hinge is an oblique but obscure ridge below the ligament area. This hinge structure is in agreement with Hall’s delineation of it for the genus My tilarca. The umbonal region of the shell is thick and the posterior margin shows successive thickened layers of shell growth. florzzon. Nos. 9, 10, 11. Modiomorpha impar Clarke Plate 6, figures 6-8 Modiomorpha impar Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 217 Shell of small or medium size with straight hinge line not extending for the full length of the valves. Beaks anterior but not terminal, depressed, the umbonal region rising gradually and soon broadening out over the low posterior slope. In front of this ridge the surface is gently depressed mak- ing a distinct sinus in the lower margins specially on the left valve. Ante- rior margins relatively narrow and blunt, posterior extremity broadly rounded, Postumbonal slope gently concave. Surface covered with regular concentric lines. florzzon. Nos. 9, 10, II. Goniophora curvata Clarke Plate 4, figures 22, 23 Goniophora curvata Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 225 Shell of medium size, elongate, hinge line usually concealed, but appa- rently short, not extending posteriorly to within one third of the shell’s 32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM length of the end. Beaks anterior, subterminal, valve slightly excavated in front beneath them, making the anterior extremity relatively narrow. The umbonal ridge 1s obliquely curved and lies high on the valves making the postumbonal slope narrow. The specimens of this shell are not common and it would seem the width of the postumbonal slope and the position of the ridge are subject to variation by compression. In forms where this postumbonal slope is broader the shell approaches the Orthonota solenoides Sow.,’ of which specimens are before us from the Upper Ludlow of Bradnor lane, Kingston. The latter shell, however, is broader and more produced behind and has a shorter and more oblique hinge line. FHlorizon. No. Sphenotus ellsi Clarke Plate 4, figures 24-26 Sphenotus ellsi Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 226 Shell elongate, subrectangular, hinge line and lower margin parallel. Beak at the anterior fourth of the hinge, anterior slope uncurved, anterior margin broadly rounded. Umbones not elevated, aarienda and divided by a sinus or cincture which traverses the valves obliquely backward though without greatly affecting the regularity of the basal margin. Umbonal ridge sharply developed, not crested; extending to the postlateral angle. Postumbonal slope broad and concave, its outer edge constituting the entire posterior margin of the valve which slopes forward to the hinge. This con- cave area is traversed by an obscure radial ridge. Surface of the valves covered with fine concentric striae in low and irregular undulations over the shell body; these however are absent on the posterior slopes where sharp concentric lines alone are visible. Length about one third the hight. This species appears to be closely related to the Sanguinolites decipiens McCoy? from the Upper Ludlow of Kendal and North and South Wales. Species name. Dr R. W. Ells, Canadian Geologist. dLorzzon. Nos: 10, Tt, 12, 03: Carydium Beushausen In his exhaustive and most helpful treatise on the Devonic pelecypods of Germany the late Professor Beushausen introduced the above name for a group of small shells, equivalve, inequilateral, with well eaned adductor scars and hinges constructed of a thickened hinge plate on which are two tMurchison. Siluria. Ed. 3. 7 ?British Paleozoic Fossils. p. 277, pl. 11 EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 33 deep sockets beneath the beak of the left valve, the posterior one often elongated and running subparallel to the hinge margin; the inner sides of these dental ridges, when well preserved, are seen to be finely striated trans- versely, suggesting the appearance of Nucula, though these transverse lines do not develop into distinct pits as in that genus. The right valve has processes corresponding to these pits. The shells have regularly closing margins all around and are more or less transverse with ee projecting umbones, Their hinge structure indicates affinity with the Cardiniidae. Of these shells two species were described, C. gregarium and C. sociale, both from the Siegen greywacke of Singhofen and neighboring localities where they seem to be extremely abundant and of gregarious habit. It is interesting to note that the most abundant of the pelecypods at Dalhousie is of this type. Carydium gregarium Beushausen Plate s, figures 6-12 Seep. 142 Carydium gregarium Beushausen. lLamellibranchiaten der rheinischen Devon. 1895. p. 156, pl. 14, fig. 1-6 Between these very abundant shells at Dalhousie and those described by Beushausen I can find no distinction, These are small, slightly inequi- lateral shells with considerable convexity; beaks not far in front of the middle with full umbones; crescence line full and rounded but not promi- nent, and outline transversely oval, expanding posteriorly. The surface of these shells is smooth and they appear to have been without the fine con- centric lines of Nucula and the Palaeoneilos which they resemble in the features usually exposed. The hinge, so far as seen, is in accord with the characterization of it as given by Beushausen and the adductor scars are frequently apparent, the anterior being generally the more conspicuous. The valves measure from 10 to 12 mm in length with a greatest hight of 5 to 6 mm. tiorvizon. Nos. 9; 10, 11. Carydium elongatum Clarke Plate 5, figures 13-17 Carydium elongatum Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 22 This is distinguished from its associate C. gregarium Beushausen by its longer and narrow valves which are quite regularly convex from a transverse median line, the surface sloping thence uniformly above and below, leaving the umbones depressed. The anterior end is visibly nar- rower than the posterior though the latter is not greatly expanded. The 34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM beaks are situated about one third the hinge length from the anterior end and the region in front of the beaks is somewhat excavated. The hight of the shell is about one third of the length. The surface is covered by concentric lines only. Horizon. Nos. 9, 10, 11. Cypricardella norumbegae Clarke Plate 6, figures 1-4 Cypricardella norumbegae Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 227 Shell short, subrectangular, broader behind than in front, beaks well forward, umbones prominent, umbonal ridge well developed and dividing the valves so as to leave a broad postumbonal slope which is slightly depressed or concave. Hinge line short, not extended in front. Shell mar- gin curving from a broad anterior extremity with an outward bend into the basal margin which becomes direct near the umbonal ridge where it turns sharply almost at right angles, curving outward, upward and forward and joining the hinge in an obtuse angle. Hinge with the characteristic median tooth just beneath and in front of the beak on the left valve. Shell substance thick, surface with regular concentric growth lines and sometimes a vague radial fold in the postumbonal slope. Lorzzon. » (Nos. 9; 11, 13: Macrodus matthewi Clarke Plate 4, figures 15-18 Macrodus matthewi Clarke. N. Y¥. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 234 Shell quite small, obliquely ovate, much broader behind with obliquely curving lower margin and broadly rounded posterior extremity. The hinge is not long and slopes at its posterior end to the posterior curve. The beak is well forward, nearly terminal, umbones prominent, umbonal ridge arched, oblique, high, fading out posteriorly. A broad sinus lies medially in front of the umbonal ridve and produces an inward curve on the lower shell margin. Length and ‘posterior hight of the shell nearly the same. Specves name. Dr G. F. Matthew, Canadian geologist. Flortzon. Nos. 10, 11. Macrodus ? baileyi Clarke Plate 4, figures 19, 20 Macrodus ? baileyi Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 234 Shell small, elongate, gradually expanding backward. Beaks at about one third the length of the hinge from the anterior extremity. Hinge line rounding broadly backward. Umbonal ridge or crescence line high, posterior EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 35 well defined in early growth but becoming obscure in later stages. Ante- rior extremity well rounded, the lower margin of the wallyest incurving medially and rounding again to the broader and rather blunt posterior ten The surface of the valves is rendered concave medially by a broad not sharply defined sinus passing from the umbones to the lower margins. Contour quite regularly convex on each side of the sinus. The length of the shell is somewhat less than thrice the hight. Surface smooth. The hinge structure of this shell has not been definitely determined but the species is provisionally referred to Macrodus. Species name. Professor L. W. Bailey, Canadian geologist. Forizon. No. Janeia sp. The Dalhousie beds contain modiomorphoid shells of small size with- out greatly expanded posterior extremity or well defined umbonal ridge ; indeed they are notable for the absence of features which may guide to their positive generic determination and [I am disposed to place them with Janeia, the Devonic species of which afford expressions of this kind. Florizon. Nos. 9, 11. (Pectunculus ??) plutonicus nov. Plate 6, figures 11, 12 Views are given on the plate referred to of a subspherical pelecypod with an exterior singularly arcoid in expression, indeed suggesting the genus to which in all probability it can not belong — Pectunculus, Such specimens as these figured retain the shell substance which is heavy and thick, have highly eibbous umbones and overarching incurved beaks. The ligament area extends for the entire length of the hinge, is very broad, the two surfaces in conjoined valves sloping toward each other at a sharp angle, and is deeply striated longitudinally. It is this ligament area taken in com- bination with the contour of the shell that gives it the aspect of a Pectuncu- lus. Every effort to separate the valves in order to express the true char- acter of the hinge has been unavailing but this will eventually become known and a correct generic assignment t of the species made. The surface of the shell is marked’ only by concentric growth lines which do not inter- rupt the general smoothness of the exterior. The characters of the shell are sufficiently distinctive to justify the use of a species name even though the generic structure is still undetermined. Together with this large and rotund species occur others of less con- vexity and without any defined ligament area but with similar outline and a very like relationship of the valves. Such shells are shown on plate 9, figures to and 11. These may prove to be of the genus Edmondia but the figures given serve only to indicate the presence of this species in the fauna. Florvzon. No. 8. 36 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Palaeoneilo (Nuculites) folles Clarke Plate 7, figures 1-3 Palaeoneilo (Nuculites) folles Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul.107. 1907. p.222 Mhissis “a-species. of the type of Nuculates ba nn eri Clarke from the Maecurt river’ andCucullella ovata Sow. from the Tile- stones of Horeb Chapel? but while it approaches both of these very closely there is only the barest indication in the specimens before us of the ante- Photo, by Charles Schuchert Deyonic beds at Stewart's cove, Dalhousie, nos, 7 and 8. The northerly dip of the strata is shown. rior clavicle shown by a slender depression in the sculpture casts while the other characters of the shell are those of Palaeoneilo, even to the presence of a slight posterior sinuosity or oblique depression which brings it into comparison with P. orbignyi Clarke from Maecurt? in which the sur- face is covered with very fine concentric lines, and with a number of more coarsely marked sinuous species from the Coblentzian. Horizon. Nos. 11, 12, 13. *Archivos do Mus. Nacional Rio de Janeiro. 10:73, pl. 8, fig. 6-8. 2Murchison. Siluria. Ed. 3, pl. 34, fig. 17. 3 Op. cit. p. 74, pl. 8, fig. 14-17. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA OY. Nuculana (Ditichia) securis Clarke Plate 7, figures 4-9 Cf. Nuculana securiformis Goldfuss (sp.) Petrefacta Germaniae. SIS ie plazas fig. 8 and Beushausen, Devon. Aviculiden Deutschlands, p. 59, pl. 4, fig. 56238 Nuculana (Ditichia) securis Clarke. N. Y.State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 233 Shell small, transversely elongated and snouted, beak approximately median, hinge line sloping slightly in front, deeply incurved behind. Pos- terior extensions narrow, curved gently upward at the extremity, anterior extremity broad and blunt - umbones not prominent, umbonal ridge obscure ; greatest convexity of the valve anterior near the hinge; surface generally convex over the body of the shell, depressed toward the posterior extrem- ity; hinge toothed almost to the extremity of the posterior extension, while the marginal surface along the extension is excavated and slightly ridged. Just within the position of the muscle scars which are usually faint are “two faint shell ridges or clavicles preserved as grooves on the sculpture casts. Of these the anterior is the larger, both are broad and low, but the structure is altogether unusual though not unexpected i in this genus, This structure is expressed in Nuculites ‘by the strong development of an anterior ridge and in such forms occasionally the two ridges appear as in the species N. (Gacullel la) velliptirea- Maurer of the Coblentzian for which Sand- berger proposed the generic term Ditichia because of this structure. Beushausen however considers this development of a second ridge of only specific value and embraces such species within Cucullella. For the same reason we may hold the present species within the genus Nuculana though shells of this lediform type have not before shown such structures. The presence of these muscular clavicles is the only apparent difference between this shell and the Nuculana securiformis Goldfuss of the Coblentzian. The surface of the valves is covered with very fine concentric striae. florizon. No. Conocardium incarceratum Clarke Plate 5, figures 1-5 Conocardium incarceratum Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 235 This species wiil be found a close ally of C.inceptum Hall, whose form and surface characters as occurring in the Oriskany of Becraft moun- tain I have already delineated in State Museum Memoir 3. The shell sometimes attains a larger size than the New York species; its form is the same but its exterior differs in the following particulars. The ornament is not so fine, the radial lines less numerous and the deep concentric lamellae can be traced continuously across the shell while in C. inceptum they 38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM are so interrupted by the radial ribs on the body of the shell as to form radial rows of deep meshes which often alternate in their position in adjoin- ing rows. The meshes in C. incarceratum are much the larger trans- versely. The anterior ridge is sharply elevated and crested, the anterior slope very abrupt, excav Abed and striated by the elevated concentric lamellae which here take on a radial attitude. The posterior termination is extended and acute and the valves gape at this end. These specimens show very clearly the structure of the sculpture or prismatic layer of the shell in these species, which is rendered distinctly cavernous by the projection of the con- centric growth in the form of pronounced lamellae rising from the deep intervals between the ribs and dividing these areas into series of elongate pit-shaped meshes. I have been disposed to regard these shells identical with C. rhen- anum as described and figured by Beushausen [of. ce#. p.4o2, pl. 30, fig. 5-8|. There is agreement between the two in respect to size, form and radial markings but the lamellar surface structure is not defined in sufficient detail to determine whether it corresponds to that of the Dalhousie shell or that of C. inceptum Hall. As there is a palpable difference herein we have preferred to give these shells a distinctive designation. Conocar- dium rhenanum is from the Coblentz quartzite and the Upper Coblentzian of the SS FHlortzon. No. Other pelscnpen § remains occur in these strata, some of them indicating notable species but the specimens before us are not in favorable preserv ation, Rensselaeria stewarti Clarke Plate 7, figures 10-20 Rensselaeria stewarti Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.239 Shell naviculate, the unequal convexity of the valves being very marked. The ventral valve is highly convex and arched, the line of greatest curvature being median from which the slope is somewhat abrupt to the sides giving the valve a subcarinate exterior. The umbo of this valve is high and overarched, projecting far beyond the hinge line, the apex being incurved and truncate. The cardinal area is represented by a flat- tened triangular area free of striae and rather definitely delimited. The dorsal valve is gently and evenly convex with low and inconspicuous umbo and beak. The surface of both valves is covered by abundant subequal radial riblets all of which are simple and continuous from beak to margin except in rare instances where additions are introduced. There is consider- able difference in the coarseness of the radial marking in mature shells, the number being as low as 4o and as high as 80 to go on each valve. The radial lines are crossed by exceedingly fine concentric striae. On EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 39 the interior the ventral valve shows a deep muscle scar and strong dental plates, the former not being striated by the plications of the shell. On the dorsal valve is a defined cardinal area, perforated hinge plate and narrow elongate muscle area divided by a faint median septum. We have spoken elsewhere of the relations of this and similar shells to Trigeria and of the presence of such forms both in the Oriskany and Hel- derberg faunas. We have identified in the Cumberland Oriskany, T ri- geria gaudryi OEhlert [see Palaeontology of New York, v. 8, pt 2, pl. 76, fig. 6, 7] and T. portlandica Billings from Square Lake, Me. is a somewhat similar shell. Both however lack the specific characters of the shell before us. fforizon. Nery abundant in nos. 11, 13. Sieberella pseudogaleata Hall Plate 7, figures 24-26 Pentamerus pseudogaleatus Hall. Palaeontology of New York. 1859. 3: 259, pl. 48, fig. 2 a Sieberella pseudogaleata Hall & Clarke. of. cit. v.8, pt 2, pl. 72, fig. 14 Specimens of this Helderbergian species abound in the lowest beds of the series though very seldom well preserved. Florizon. No. 1. Camarotoechia The species present at Dalhousie are poorly preserved, being badly crushed and it is not easy to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion as to their affinities. Two at least are present, one a coarsely plicated shell with a few ribs, three in the sinus, all bearing very strong imbricating, concentric growth lines and presenting an unfamiliar aspect. Another suggests C. formosa Hall—a Helderberg species. Spirifer concinnus Hall Plate 8, figures 1-16 Spirifer concinnus was described and fully illustrated by Hall in the Palacontology of New York |1859. 3: 200, pl. 25, fig. 2 ai; pl. 28, fig. 7| and is one of the common species of the Helderberg (New Scot- land) fauna. It has certain well defined differentials: a low broad median sinus and prominent fold, prominent ventral beak and area, linguate anterior extension of the sinus, full umbones in both valves, a rather elongate out- line fore and aft, 6 to 7 rounded ribs on each lateral slope and the surface covered with fine, sharp, crowded and elevated concentric striae which have been described as granulose on the edges but which are really fimbriate with a single row of minute spinules. The most abundant spirifer at Dalhousie is of this type and is doubt- 40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM less S. concinnus, quite uniformly varying however in the overarching of the ventral cardinal area which brings the beaks into close apposition. The preservation of these is such as to bring out more completely than before known the precise character of the surface and furthermore the fact that the surface of the ventral cardinal area when well retained shows the peculiar twilled marking which has been observed on the exterior of shells of Syringothyris. This “sculpture i is actually a series of extremely fine wavy lines traversing the area obliquely subparallel to the margins of the del- thyrium. It proves to be present on New York specimens also. When Hall described this species he referred to an occasional specimen showing indications of accessory plications on the anterior portion of fold and sinus. Such a specimen was figured in volume 8, Palaeontology of New York, part 2 This unusual and abnormal occurrence gives a very-false conception of the relations of the species and has already been sufficiently misleading [of. cz¢.]. Nothing of this sort has been observed in the Dalhousie shells and in the New York shells only with the greatest rarity. It is well to note that Spititer coneimmnu's is very, closely approached by some of the shells included by Schnur under the designation S. undiferus F, Roemer and these Scupin has identified as S. gerolsteinensis Steininger [see Palaontol. Abhandl. 1900, pl. 5, fig. 14 Florzzon. Nos. 1, 2, 8, 9, 10. Spirifer perlamellosus Hall Plate 8, figures 17-20 See pt 1, p. 110 Spirifer perlamellosus Hall? Palaeontology of New York. 1859. 3: 201, pl. 26 fig. I, 2 Spirifer perlamellosus Hall & Clarke. of. cif. y. 8, pt 2, pl. 35, fig. 7-13 This characteristic species of the Helderbergian fauna in New York is well expressed in the Dalhousie beds. Correspondence in details of struc- ture is shown throughout and specially pronounced in the latter is the striation of the concentric lamellae. This feature carries no collateral evidence of fimbriae though it may possibly imply such structure. This evidence is in accordance with our observation made in the second of the works above cited | p.17]. florizon. Nos. 8, 9. Cyrtina chalazia Clarke Plate 7, figures 27-32 Cyrtina chalazia Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.262 We are presented in these shells with a departure from the usual aspect of the Devonic Cyrtinas. They are mostly multiplicate shells and in the early stages of this time conform quite generally to the same expression in EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 41 contour, size and ribbing. Here we have a pauciplicate shell, the dorsal valve of which presents the characters which we have noticed as a feature of Spirifer plicatus Weller of the Grande Greve limestones; few, broad and blunt ribs. The shells are of the small size quite characteristic of the genus with trihedral form and erect or but very slightly curved car- dinal area, flat dorsal valve, median sinus and fold well deveioped, the former having the width of the next two adjoining lateral plications. There are four to five plications on each ventrolateral slope and three to four on the dorsal, the ones nearest the hinge being always very faint. These are in the main broad and smooth, and concentric growth lines are usually crowded near the front margin, Florizon. No. 9. Meristella princeps Hall Merista (Meristella) princeps Hall. Palaeontology of New York. 1859. pl. 44, fig. 1-5 N On 4 Occasionally in this fauna Horizon. Nos. 1, Il. Nucleospira concentrica Hall N N Nucleospira concentrica Hall. Palaeontology of New York. 1859. 3: pl. 28 B, fig. 15-19 ios) This species, common in the Helderberg fauna, is occasional at Dalhousie. Florzzon. No. 9. Trematospira perforata Hall var. atlantica Clarke Plate 7, figures 21-23 Trematospira perforata Hall var. atlantica Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 1O7. | LOOT. P.202 Species of Trematospira are almost exclusively of Helderbergian age and the species described are pretty well defined on the basis of their sculp- ture. In the form before us we have one more nearly allied in this respect to T. perforata Hall than to any other, though it differs substantially even from that. This shell has the following characters: The ventral sinus is not bounded by the median primary pair of plications but by the pair just outside the median, the latter in later growth making a pair on the sloping walls of the sinus. Likewise the median rib on the dorsal valve, while constituting the crest of the median fold is accompanied by a pair of ribs of primary age which modify the slopes of the fold. At the beak and continuing for one third the length of the shell without modi- fication the number of. plications on the ventral valve is 12, on the dorsal 42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM valve 11. From this point outward the ribs irregularly dichotomize. each into two or sometimes three, fold and sinus being Afected like the rest of the surface. The shell is transverse with straight hinge and without cardinal areas. The ventral beak is abruptly perforate and the shell substance punctate. Flortzon. No. 9 Atrypa reticularis Linné Very abundant and without variation from the Helderbergian type. FHforizon. Nos. 8, 10, It. Stropheodonta It is quite clear that the Stropheodontas of the Helderbergian fauna find their origin in the stock of that variable, unstable and shifty shell whose protean or have been usually embraced under the name Stro- pheodonta varistriata Conrad, occurring in the Tentaculite or Manlius nesene of New York and passing upward into the Coeymans limestone of the Helderbergian. We have already had occasion to refer to this species. It is first, a Brachyprion in the sense that its row of cardinal denticulations does not extend far from the delthyrium ; secondly, its surface may be either coarsely ribbed, finely ribbed and fasciculate or, with the last condition, puckered or undulated. All these expressions have been shown in accounts of the shell [see Palaeontology of New York, v. 8, Pte y opis; fig. 6-16]. These differences are thus accounted for: the coarse plication is the perdurance to maturity of a primitive condition not modified in later life; the condition of finer plication results from an acceleration of intercalation of plications; fasciculation follows, or in senile instances may precede this multiplicate condition. Undulation of inter- spaces follows the initiation of the fasciculate stage. The relative time of appearance of these features will depend wholly on the degree of acceleration or retardation in ontogeny. The specific name S. varistriata now stands for a series of small shells with these variable expressions. Occasionally these are doubtless adults, never attaining large growth as in the Manlius limestone. In the faunas of next later date, however, all young forms of the regular or normal Stropheodontas are S. varistriata of one type or another, or to put the case conversely, those Stropheodontas can be traced by the surface markings on the adult shell, back from their mature stages whatever these may be, to ‘one or another of the primitive expressions of S. vari- striata. But in any such fauna, when all specific identities of mature forms have been eliminated there remain behind series of younger shells of variously progressed conditions which are not always readily assigned to their proper so called species. We have observed this in Ae Helderberg, EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 43 the St Alban and Grande Gréve faunas and it is emphatically true again of the Dalhousie fauna, Stropheodonta (Brachyprion) major, S. (B.) schu- chertana and S. patersoni protype bonamica work back upon analysis to differently progressed expressions of S. varistriata; the first is a fasciculate shell in later stages, the second a finely plicate, nonfasciculate shell and the third both fasciculate and undulate. Photo. by Charles Schuchert Shore section of Dalhousie beds, divisions 11, 12, 13, Stewart's cove Stropheodonta varistriata Conrad Plate 8, figures 21-24 Some of the expressions of this shell are here represented. They show very much the same individual differences as are found in and have been illustrated from the New York shell. Florzzon. Nos. 8, 9. 44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Stropheodonta patersoni Hall protype bonamica Clarke Plate 9, figures 1-6 : See pt 1, p. 186 Stropheodonta patersoni Hall protype bonamica Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bulsro75 “Too7. p:270 We have noted on a previous occasion the difference in the Grande Greve form of S. patersoni and the typical expression of the species in the Onondaga limestone of New York. In the shell before us we have a quite different expression of this type, rare in American waters. The type itself, we may briefly reiterate, is expressed in the highly convex form, the strong fasciculation of the striae and the corrugation of the umbonal portion of the valves. We are here presented with a relatively small and quite narrow shell with a short, straight hinge, prominent cardinal extremi- ties, highly convex or gibbous curv ature (v entral valv e) and greatly produced anterior margin. These are distinctly mutational characters which consti- tute very notable differences in the shells. The surface characters are more distinctly indicative of progressional phases of dev She and may be thus tabulated for the three different expressions of the species ( 19-25 patersoni | 10-14 precedens, bonamica | frequent — precedens Intercalation of the striae apicad of summit - less frequent—patersoni occasional— bonamica { finely and subequally lobed —patersoni, precedens | coarsely and strongly fasciculate—bonamica Primary fascicles at the beak - - Anterior slope - The umbonal corrugation appears to be differently developed according to individuals, but is generally coarsest in precedens, smaller and more numerous in patersoni. The summarized evidence indicates the phylo- genetic relation of these species to be thus: bonamica retains the most primitive expression throughout supplemented by the character of its hinge which is denticulate only near the delthyrium; precedens is still more primitive than patersoni in respect to striation, but less so than bonamica. The relation indicated seems to be in accordance with the actual time relations of these shells. Students of the Brachiopoda recognize in the fasciculate-crenulate type of surface structure a recrudescence in these early Devonic shells of charac- ters which appeared among the Strophomenoids in the Lower Siluric and except for the corrugation became prevalent. This later expression is never common nor did it last long. ThetypiealS (Or this ) imGens criacas Phillips is shown by Davidson? to carry at times the umbonal corrugations Monogr. Brach. 85, pl. 18, fig. 15-18. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 45 and the large and fine S. nobilis McCoy: exemplifies both characters in very simple expression, both of these species being recognized as of Middle Devonic age. The former species is commonly regarded as present in the Eifelian. florizon. Nos. 8, 9. Stropheodonta (Brachyprion) major Clarke Plate 9, figures 13-15 See pt 1, p. 190 Brachyprion majus Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Mem. 3. 1900. p.54, pl. 8, fig. 8-13 This species, described from the Oriskany horizon at Becraft mountain, N. Y., iscommon at Dalhousie. It has the fasciculate arrangement of the striae fully expressed at an early growth stage and on to maturity. ionezon. NOs: 1,8, 95° 5 Stropheodonta (Brachyprion) schuchertana Clarke Plate g, figures 7-12 Brachyprion schuchertanum Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 3. 1900. p.56, Pla oy tle, I=7 This was also described from the Oriskany of eastern New York and is one of the commonest of the brachiopods at Dalhousie. Florizon. Nos. 1, 8, 9. Strophonella punctulifera (Conrad) Plate 9, figures 16-18 See pt 1, p. 111 The specimens of this species seem to be in complete agreement with those of the New York Helderbergian and of the St Alban beds of Gaspé. If there is a noteworthy feature of difference it lies in the unusual width of the cardinal areas of the two valves. In surface characters it approaches the form we have designated, S. continens var. equiplicata, from the Grande Greve limestone, a member of a series whose derivation does not bring it into immediate affinity to S. punctulifera, iereon Nos. 1, 8, 9. Leptaena rhomboidalis Wilckens Plate 10, figures 1-6 See pt t, p. 183 Of the expression of the Helderbergian shell. Extraordinarily abun- dant in the upper layers of the section, exhibiting the pink tint of the shell «Idem, p. 86, pl. 18, fig. LO m2. 46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM substance which so frequently characterizes this species under certain conditions of weathering. florizon. Nos. 1, 8, 9. Leptostrophia becki Hall See pt 1, p. 111 Stropheodonta beckii Hall.- Palaeontology of New York. 1859. 3: 191, pl. 22, fig. 1 at Specimens of this species in this fauna apparently agree fully with those of the Helderbergian of New York. fforzzon. Nos. 8, 9, 11. Leptaenisca concava Hall Plate ro, figures 7-11 Leptaena concava Hall. Palaeontology of New York. 1859. 3: 197, Be 18, fig. 2 Leptaenisca concava Beecher. Am. Jour. Sci. 1890. 40:238, pl. 9, fig. 1-9 Leptaenisca concava Hali & Clarke. Palaeontology of New York. Rae Venn pt 2, p-300, pl. 15, cig. 30, 32; pl. rs A, fig: 19-20 When Beecher described the genus Leptaenisca there was but one species known, the L. concava ae the Helderbergian. We subsequently described as additional species from the same fauna. two smaller forms, L. adnascens and L. tangens [of. et. 1894] which then seemed to differ from the larger both in form, surface sculpture and degree of attach- ment or size of cicatrix. We have before us in the Dalhousie fauna shells which at maturity present the characters of L. concava; their deeply convex and concave shells, with a cicatrix well developed, the form arched but frequently distorted in growth and some of these present a median flat- tening or sinus pretty well “defined on the earlier portions of the ventral valves though this disappears in later growth. This median depression is one of the differentials of the smaller species, Ue taneenis-and Jb. adnascens and may indicate the possibility that the latter represent miniature Beitr: of L- concava. hepresence of Lieptaecnusca concava in these beds is our first knowledge of the occurrence of the genus outside of the early Devonic of New York. The species are rare members of the Helderbergian fauna. At Dalhousie the shells are quite abundant. fforzzon. No. 1. Orthothetes (Schuchertella) radiatus Hall Strophomena radiata Hall. Palaeontology of New York. 1859. 3: 191, pl. 21, fig. 8, 9 The Helderbergian species appears to be present at Dalhousie in normal development. Florizon. No. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 47 Schizophoria multistriata Hall Plate ro, figures 12-18 Orthis multistriata Hall. Palaeontology of New York. 1859. 3:176, pl. 15, fig. 2 a-t Schizophoria multistriata Hall & Clarke. of. cit. v.8. pt1, p.212 The representatives of this species at Dalhousie are quite well defined but attain a uniformly and notably larger size than in the Helderberg of New York. It is a common shell, while in the New Scotland beds of New York it is rare. fforizon. Nos. 1, 9. Rhipidomella hybridoides Clarke Plate 10, figures 19-28 Rhipidomella hybridoides Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.282 But for the extravagant size this shell attains at full growth it would be quite impracticable to distinguish it from American forms of Sowerby’s well known Upper Siluric Ort ah is hybrida. In its immature stages it is essentially that shell; at full growth its characters have changed by progression and indicate thereby a Postsiluric age. Horizon. No. 2. Rhipidomella numus Clarke Plate 11, figures 1-12 Rhipidomella numus Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.283 A shell directly comparable to R. (Orthis) oblata Hall of the Helderberg fauna, agreeing therewith in form and contour of valves though perhaps never attaining the size of that species. It differs therefrom: (1) in the slightly greater length of hinge, but principally (2) in the very much coarser and sparser plication of the Surace: | in) Re oubla tamthie radial striae are fine and crowded; in a ty pies example I find about 70 at a distance of 10 mm from the beak and at the anterior margin in a shell 32 mm long, 190. In the largest example of R. numus, 24 mm long, there are 40 at 10 mm from the beak, 106 at the margin. Thus there are practi- cally two striae in R. oblata to every one in R. numus; those of the latter angular, multiplying rapidly. When compared with the rarer Helder- berg species R. eminens, its plication is still much coarser, its hinge not so long and it lacks the elevated ventral beak of that shell. The species is quite abundant. florizon. No. 9. 48 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Craniella agaricina Hall & Clarke Crania agaricina Hall & Clarke. Palaeontology of New York. v. 8, pt 1, p.180, pl. 4H, fig. 2 This shell was described from the Helderberg fauna at Clarksville, N. Y. It occurs also at Dalhousie. Fflorizon. No. 9. Crania A smooth-shelled Crania occurs attached to specimens of Pterinea at no. 10. Pholidops ovatus Hall Occasional at Dalhousie. Fflorzzon. Nos. 8, 9, 10. Orbiculoidea sp. Plate 11, figures 13, 14 Valves of a rather large species attaining a diameter of as much as 30 mm occur not infrequently together with smaller shells presumably of the same species. The specific relations are not altogether certain. I recognize no species to which I should care to assign them. Flortzon. No. 11. Favosites hemisphaericus M.-F. & H. Favosites hemisphaericus Milne-Edwards and Haime. Polypiers Fossiles. 1551. p.247 Favosites hemisphaericus Lambe. of. ct. p.11 This species is represented by a large majority of the specimens from Dalhousie including all those with small corallites up to a diameter of 2mm. They are mostly of discoid and expanded shapes but also include hemispherical, conical, cylindrical and clavate colonies. In the size of the corallite, the size and arrangement of the pores and specially in the abun- dance of the squamulae, they fully agree with the careful description given by Rominger* and Lambe. The squamulae and incomplete septa have been observed in both weathered specimens and polished sections. Rominger has observed that the tubes, for a certain part of their length, are intersected by single, straight diaphragms, without complication, and again, both above and below, are found divided by very irregularly interlacing compound septa, and these features are extremely well developed in our specimens. The parts with crowded squamulae form alternating concentric zones with those where the squamulae form regular, rather distant septa. In one weathered * Geol. Sur. Michigan, Foss. Corals. 1876. p.26. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 49 specimen the zones with distant tabulae have been removed, leaving gal- leries of the parts which have been made more compact by the abundant squamulae. The pores are mostly arranged in two rows on the sides of the corallites and provided with raised margins. Favosites hemisphaericus is a widespread Onondaga lime- stone species. Rominger of. czt. [p.20| has stated that Siluric Favosites differ from the Devonic species by invariably having single diaphragms, and by the spinular character of the radial crests, the Devonic forms having squamulae instead of spinules. This statement is corroborated by Lambe. In the Dalhousie fauna, however, we have these two types commingled; the form with the complete tabulae and septal spines (F. helde rbe re iae) is by far the rarer of the two and the form with the Devonic characters is the one prevail- ing. This fact demonstrates that mingling of the two groups of species of Favosites is possible around the boundary “of the Siluric and Devonic. florizon. Nos. 1, 10, 16. Favosites helderbergiae Hall See pt 1, p. 218 Favosites helderbergiae Hall. N: Y. State Mus: Rept 26: 1874) p11 Among the very abundant specimens of Favosites at this locality two types can ‘be microscopically distinguished by the size of the corallites. That with the larger corallites may ie readily assigned to the F. niaga- rensis-helderbergiae group. Mr Lambe ‘has identified specimens from Dalhousie as F. niagarensis, stating that the difference between the latter and F. helderber GC Lae eas icite ed in Palacontology of Nez York, volume 6, does not hold true and that the only difference between ne two forms, which are unlike in the size of the corallites, character of spini- form septa and tabulae, appears to be in the shape of fie coralla, which in F. niagarensis are spherical or clavate, and in the other species lenticu- lar, depressed, rounded or hemispherical. The former is also said to have had asmall basal attachment. Application of these criteria and a comparison of the Dalhousie specimens with our large series of sections of F. niagaren- sis and with the type of F. helderbergiae in the New York State collections have corroborated Mr Lambe’s conclusions only ina general way. It actually appears ae Put) a few of the specimens, viz, those with the largest corallites (from 2 2.5 mm in diameter) have the internal structure of this niagarensis- Penne ce group; all the others have a very different structure. The former and fewer are partly club-shaped and in part broadly expanded and would not furnish any specific character in their shape. In sections, further, the septal spines are not nearly so frequent as in typical F. niagarensis and are also noticeably smaller, so that they are difficult 50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM of observation and apparently absent in the larger part of the corallum. This is never the condition in F, niagarensis, but it is in F. hel- derbergiae and to such a degree that Hall and Simpson entirely failed to notice them and the thin sections of F. helderbergiae in the New York State Museum show that these septal spines project above the walls of the corallites, more oS fine granules than spines, Horizon. Nos. 1, 10, 16. Halysites catenularius [Lamarck The specimens of Halysites at this locality show a circular section and much irregularity in the meshes. After comparison with Mr Lambe’s dis- tinctions in this species and its varieties we prefer to leave the Dalhousie specimens as above. Florizon. Nos. 10, 16. Zaphrentis shumardi (M.-E. & H.) Lambe See pt 1, p. 113 This is an extremely common coral at Dalhousie, and has been specially studied by Mr Lambe. We have observed its occurrence in the St Alban beds. fforizon. Nos. 1, 10, 16. A few other corals are recognizable in this fauna Aulopora and Zaphrentis (cf. roemeri Hall). Specimens of Monticulipora are also not infrequent. a Syringopora, Dictyonema cf. splendens Billings See pt 1, p. 113 Florizon. No. Hindia fibrosa F. Roemer (sp.) Calamopora fibrosa F. Roemer (not Goldfuss). Silur. Fauna des westl. Tennessee. 1860. p.2, pl. 2, fig. 2 Astylospongia inornata Hall. N.Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 16th An. Rep’t. 1863. p.69 Hindia sphaeroidalis Duncan. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1879. 4:84, pl. 9 Hindia fibrosa (Roemer sp.) Hinde. Cat. Foss. Sponges Brit. Mus, 1883. p.37, pliers) fe Hindia sphaeroidalis Rauff. Palaeospongiologie. 1894. pt 1, p.335, pl. 15-17, fig. 1-4 Hindia sphaeroidalis, the genotype of Hindia, was described by Duncan from specimens obtained at Dalhousie. Rauff has elaborated the structure of the skeleton more fully than was done by either Duncan or Hinde, but his conception of the species value and construction of the name will not commend itself to a respect for rules of nomenclature. It is clear that the name of this fossil is Hindia fibrosa Roemer (sp.). Cala- EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 51 mopora fibrosa Goldfuss with which Roemer identified his specimens from Perry county, Tenn. is a monticuliporoid or at all events not a Hindia, but Roemer’s fossils were Hindias and when this generic name was proposed by Duncan it was to a species which so far as all investigations show is in no wise distinct from Roemer’s. The Astylospongia inornata Hall from the New Scotland and Port Ewen beds of the New York Hel- derbergian is the same organism and if scruples of any kind should prevent the use of the term fibrosa then Hall’s specific name would have priority over Duncan's. Rauff has brought together as this species ball-shaped sponges from a variety of geological horizons from the Trenton limestone upward to the Helderbergian. Hinde has shown the Helderberg forms from Dalhousie, New York and Tennessee to be of one species, but at present we have no reliable evidence that this species occurs below or above that horizon, These bodies are extremely abundant at Dalhousie. florizon. Nos. 1, 8, 9. Supposed marine algae Plate x1, figures 15, 15 Some of the layers at Dalhousie abound in bunches or tangles of fine black threads often branching from a central stock and sometimes associated with heavier stipes. The chitinous matter of these bodies is thin and unsubstantial, too much so for graptolites nor do they show traces of thecae. They present certain suggestions of the Gorgona ; were they gorgonians there Eieaie be some evidence of a calcareous Tay er surrounding an interior chitinous axis but there is no distinction of parts in these frail bodies, and even though we might conceive the calcareous matter dissolved out yet the evident flexi- bility of these films, shown by the forms they have assumed under drifting, indicates an entire absence of the rigidity which characterizes the Gorgonza stem. With dissolution of the calcareous matter coralline algae might leave such tenuous brown films, and some of the recent Dasycladaceae would with the abstraction of their lime present such an aspect with the ramuli in verticils about a jointed shaft. These bodies do not distinctly show the jointing of the shaft though there are scars along the stems which indicate the attachment of deciduous branchlets, Some show clearly the -arrangement of the branchlets in whorls. The presence of thicker and larger stocks among these drifted bodies seems also to suggest an algous nature. We have before made reference to a somewhat similar plant organism occurring in the St Alban beds and have quoted the judgment of Mr David White as to its probable nature. Here as there we may be dealing with objects ancestrally lepidodendroid but still unrevealed. Horizon. No. 12. 52 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM II THE ARENACEOUSDEVONIC | FAUNAS (OF “SOMERSET PISCATAQUIS-“AND PENOBSCOT COUNTIES. MAINE It is the purpose of this chapter to set forth as adequately as our present knowledge permits, the fauna of the extensive band of arenaceous rocks in northern Maine which have usually been called the ‘‘ Oriskany” in the few references which have been made to them. This band of sediments extends from central Somerset county on the west, northeasterly across Piscataquis and into the northwestern corner of Penobscot county, extending thence according to Professor C. H. Hitchcock’s geological map of the State, a short distance into Aroostook county. These rocks were observed in the first geological survey of Maine by Dr C. T. Jackson and mention made of them in his annual reports [sce partecularly 3d Rep't. 1838. p.46, e¢ seg.|, but nothing can be derived from these reports that gives any clue to the actual position of the formation in the geological series. It is to Professor Hitchcock that we owe nearly all our knowl- edge of the formation hitherto published and yet it is more than 45 years since his official and very important report was issued. This report appeared as a part of the 6th annual report of the secretary of the Maine Board of Agriculture, 1861, and the description of the rocks with which we are here concerned is set forth particularly on pages 243-45; 400-12 and 441. This report was accompanied by a geological map bearing the date 1862 and showing the band of Oriskany sandstone as continuous across the area indicated. I shall here quote parts of this report as indicating the geological structure of the region, The same geologist subsequently issued a geological map of the state of Maine (1885) with brief explanatory text, The fossils collected by Professor Hitchcock during the period of his investigations were in part identified by Mr Billings whose determinations are cited in the report referred to and also appeared in the proceedings of the Portland Society of Natural History, volume 1, 1869, page 106. But from the statement made in the text accompanying the geological map of AVY puv soyeypg vluanyig (eae JUOJSPURG ALOALY VSOOTT Ss) Sypoy, SNOoUST ees HANOLSAGNVS UAATY HSOOW AHL tO NOILNAIULSIG FHL ONIMOHS SHLLINNO9) SINOVLVOSId CNV LASUAWOS AO SLUVd S37IW 40 379v0S PRD 0 UAAIN ASOOM qi x1o0ud eaqTy tet AWa XQNVS aes (ATLL ee ae "MM "7 mops / > iN A o ‘GNv)S! 918) d@ ALV 1d 6 YHIOWAW WNASNW 31Vv1S LNAWLYVdad NOILVONdGa MHOA AAAN HO ALVLS AHL AO ALISHAAINN EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 53 1885 it would seem that all the material brought together from this forma- tion by the Maine geologist was lost in the fire which destroyed the rooms of the Portland Society of Natural History in 1866. In 1899 a series of collections was made for the United States Geological Survey by Mr Gilbert van Ingen from the region west of Moosehead lake, that is, the westernmost portion of the area here considered. The results of van Ingen’s collections and notes were briefly summarized by Professor H. S. Williams [U.S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 165, 1900, p.88—92| wherein are given sections at several localities, Parlin Pond, Jackman Farm, Bean Brook, Long Pond, Little Brassua lake, Stony Brook, Big Brassua lake, Brassua stream. The stratigraphy of some of these sections is indicated with as much detail as seemed practicable at most of the localities along this range of rocks and the sections or localities are in several instances accompanied by brief lists of fossils. We have been unable to acquire access to these collections and we shall therefore not attempt to comment upon the identifications of the species of the fossils there provisionally made. Professor Williams has discussed these sections under the term ‘Moose River sandstone” and it would seem entirely proper from the present state of our knowledge to apply this term to all the sections discussed in the present paper, that is to say, to practically the entire area of these rocks as indicated by Professor Hitchcock under the term “Oriskany sandstone.” The fauna of these sandstones is a facies of the Eodevonic and represents the Oriskany [ Williams, p.22 |. Except then for the outlines of its geology and paleontology this very inviting region has remained almost a virgin field, and it was with the desire of enlarging our data as to the distribution of the early Devonic faunas in Eastern America that I arranged in 1905 with Mr O, O. Nylander to bring together with records of stratigraphic position as precise as pos- sible, the fossils of these much folded rocks. Mr Nylander has done his work well though he did not attempt to cover the entire geographic area indicated on Hitchcock’s map as pertaining to this formation. Outcrops especially favorable for the acquisition of the fossils were closely studied and the series of fossils obtained is large, quite sufficient to indicate the 54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM character of the fauna. An open and attractive field remains, however, for future workers and an increase in the census of the fauna is desirable and possible. The fossils here described and illustrated constitute the only accessible and established record of the species of these rocks. Stratigraphy. The sandstones, conglomerates and arenaceous shales of this band of strata now included within the designation Moose River sand- stone, are folded into low and much abraded anticlines generally having a northeast parallelism but much disturbed by breaking down along cross lines, so that an extreme irregularity of attitude is very noticeable in them. The homogeneous character of the sediments and their much disturbed condition combine to make it extremely difficult to unravel the actual succession of faunas. Indeed there is now no basis on which fully to establish any such difference of position in different members of the congeries here described and hence with our present knowledge we are compelled to assume the species here presented to be members of one fauna. In the absence of an exact knowledge of the stratigraphic and paleontologic succession, we never- theless recognize certain differences in the local assemblages of fossils and this is brought out by the occurrence of a compact fauna carrying the species of the typical arenaceous Oriskany of central New York, such as Rensselaeria ovoides, Spirifer arenosus, Hipparionyx proximus and these occur together almost to the exclusion of the species elsewhere prevailing in the sandy shales. Of the Oriskany sandstone of this region, Hitchcock has written as follows: [1861, p.243] ORISKANY SANDSTONE Although the Oriskany sandstone of Maine is wholly located in the wild lands, its general character and some of its fossils are better known than those of any other fossiliferous rock in the State ; for by a wonderful agency of nature, to be presently described, fragments of this rock with fossils are scattered all over the settled districts, southeast of the rock in place. Boulders of these fossils have been found along the seacoast from Saco to Eastport, some of which have been carried over 150 miles. There is not a geological collection in the State in which specimens of these fossils are not found, and generally they are from boulders in the vicinity of the collection, AUOISPUBY IAT Isoopy eare| Sypoy snoousy ANOLSANVS ULAIN ASOOW AHL 1O NOILAGIULSIG HHL SNIMOHS SHIINN09 LOOSHONUd GNV SINOVLIVOSId AO SLUVd aynT unyaupvarosayr Mt A2le, NN eo’ Apoc na} f “7 |9) 80)2,, sayoT S TA )\\ 9100998! oO ALV 1d 6 YIONAW WNASNW 341Vv1S INAWLYVdad NOILVONGHA MYHOA AAAN AO ALVLS AHL AO ALISHUAAINN EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 55 The material of the boulders is a very fine grained sandstone, or sometimes compact quartz rock, enabled to resist decomposition easily by its great toughness. So few fossils from other rocks may be found in boulders in the settled counties, that persons who find any fossils in their fields in loose fragments of rock, may be sure that they came from this belt of Oriskany sandstone. Dr Jackson first pointed out the existence of this belt of fossiliferous rocks, without defining its position more definitely than the ‘“ Transition series,” an old term nearly equivalent to the modern term Paleozoic. He discovered a fine locality of the fossils near Parlin Pond, in No. 3, R. 7, of Somerset county. The township is now called Parlin Pond. The following is his account of it: ‘Between Jackman’s and Boise’s farms, on the side of the [Canada] road, half a mile north of Parlin Pond, I discovered a huge bed of fine erauwacke, (a sandstone with argillaceous or talcose cement) filled with an immense number and variety of ‘fossil shell i impressions. The rock is of a fine siliceous variety, extremely compact where the shells do not abound, but presenting the most perfect casts of marine shells that I have ever seen. The width of the bed could not be exactly determined, as it is in part concealed by the soil; but I measured it for 50 rods, which is but a small part of its width. Among the fossils I obtained the following genera: terebratulae, spiriferae, lutrunae and turritellae, beside which there are sev- eral other indistinct or broken fossils, which it is more difficult to determine. From the direction of this rock, it evidently crosses Moose river and the head of Moosehead lake, and extends to the banks of the Aroostook [river], where we discovered it last year, and from it came all these numerous boulders and erratic blocks containing fossil shells, which we find scattered so profusely over the country, from the line above mentioned, to the outer islands of the Penobscot bay, and at the mouth of the Kennebec river.” Fossils from Parlin Pond and Moosehead lake were examined by Mr Billings, who reported as follows respecting them : “The fossils from Parlin Pond belong to the following genera: Strophomena, Chonetes, Orthis, Rhynchonella, Rensselaeria, Leptocoelia, Spirifera, Modiolopsis, Cyrtodonta, Avicula, Murchisonia, Platyostoma, Orthoceras. The rocks are Lower Devonic, about the age of the Oriskany sandstone. The following are either identical or closely allied to Oriskany sandstone species: Strophomena magnifica * Rensselaeria ovoides Orthis musculosa Leptocoelia flabellites Rhynchonella oblata * Spirifera arrecta * Spirifera pyxeidata * Those marked with an asterisk are considered to be either identical or closely allied species. Those not so marked are identical. The rocks at Moosehead lake are of the same age as the above. Leptocoelia 56 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM flabellites is very common among the specimens. The trilobite from Webster lake is a Dalmanites.” We have large collections of fossils from this sandstone on Lake Telos, Webster lake, etc., which were not seen by Mr Billings, and have not yet been determined. There are many genera among them not mentioned in the preceding list. We need say no more respecting this Oriskany sandstone of Maine now, except to refer to its representation upon the map, extending from Parlin Pond to the Aroostook river in a general northeasterly course, and to the special details of the character and position of the rocks in Part II. On later pages of this work, details of stratigraphy are given which it is not necessary here to quote as it has been the effort to revisit the majority of Hitchcock's localities for the purpose of the present investiga- tions. It is interesting to note, however, Hitchcock’s conclusions after a study of several sections in regard to the strike and dip of these beds; he says [p.402] speaking of the section along the east branch of the Penobscot river, near Matagamon lake: “It is difficult to ascertain the true position of this rock but we consider the following as the normal one: strike north 65° west; dip 45° north. The same layers are traversed by cleavage planes running north 18° east and inclined 83° east.” This section evidently indi- cates a local departure from the attitude of the rock strata as a whole and some conception of the dislocation of these rocks is afforded by the series of variant dips recorded by Hitchcock on page 406, thus: ‘Just above Webster lake dam, the strata dip about 20° easterly. Then we scon pass an anticlinal as the next observation gives a westerly dip of 30° while the cleavage planes dip 75° southeast. Before reaching the west end of the lake the following are the positions of the strata in order: 5° east, 6° to 12° east, 20° west and 30° northwest, making two anticlinal and one synclinal axis on the lake.” Evidence of similar character as to the folding of the strata 1s afforded by the dips and strikes recorded in the sections given herewith. In a paper entitled ‘Geology of the Northwest Part of Maine” by Pro- fessor Hitchcock and J. H. Huntington [Am. Ass’n Adv. Sci. Proc. 1873] and in Hitchcock’s final summary of the Geology of Maine accompanying his map of 1885, the known data in regard to the Oriskany sandstone have been summarized as follows: EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA S7/ Oriskany sandstone. This formation has a large development in the northern part of the State, extending from Parlin Pond across the northern end of Moosehead lake to Oxford Plantation. It may be several thousand feet thick, consisting of various sandstones and slaty rocks, the latter often exhibiting a cleavage at an angle with the strata. Parlin Pond shows the fossils in great profusion. From this belt there have been recognized SiG Op hom ena emdae nifica: ss. sah om) bond_alis:. WC hiometes, Orthiss musculosa, Rhymchome lla oblabage Site pito- rhynchus radiata V an., Nees gee ovoides Hall, Lepto- Soelwarilabellites, Spite arrecta, S. pyxidata, Lep- todomus mainensis Billings, Spine ect ventricosa Con.,, Modiolopsis, Cyrtodonta, NG vetacatiilirae Winch s@mee. Orthoceras, and Dalmanites. A fucoid allied to the Fucoides cauda-galli occurs on Moosehead lake. We have as yet few details of the distribution of the formation. It is best developed near Parlin Pond, the most southwestern exposure seen. The fossils were determined by E. Billings, of Montreal, P. Q. Recent explorations “have been directed towards the southwestern extremity of the terrace, as it points towards New Hampshire. The country between Moosehead lake and Parlin Pond, as well as that further south- ward, was traversed, and it was found that the Oriskany group, with a thickness of 2880 feet, rests against Eozoic gneisses and granites. Towards the southwestern end there were no indications of the passage of the sandstones into crystalline schists manifested. Hence two conclusions were derived from the facts observed : 1 The Oriskany sandstone reposes gently upon Eozoic gneisses — the first bearing scarcely more traces of alteration than the corresponding group in New York, while the second seems to have been metamorphosed and elevated before the Devonic formation was deposited. No further trace of this group has yet been found towards the White mountains. It has been followed through Maine from 150 to 200 miles, and similar rocks are described in Nova Scotia by Dawson. It can, therefore, no longer be maintained with reason that these strata pass into New Hampshire in a metamorphosed condition. 2 The Oriskany is several times thicker than in its extension in the interior and farther south in Pennsylvania. The greatest thickness men- tioned by H. D. Rogers, is 520 feet, only one fifth its dimensions in Maine. The greatest observed thickness in New York is only 30 feet. The enormous thickness ascribed to this series of arenaceous beds is entirely borne out by Mr Nylander’s measurements and it appears that the basin in which these sediments have been deposited was bounded by very old strata extensively crystallized and to have had a much longer existence 58 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM as a basin of deposit than that in which the Oriskany of New York was laid down. SECTIONS I give here in detail the stratigraphic sections adding thereto the lists of fossils as now known. Somerset county Moosehead lake Locality no. 3453 On the west side about 1 mile above the outlet of Moose river, a thick-bedded sandstone with quartz veins and distorted impressions of brachiopods and plants. 3454, 3455 South side of Baker Brook point fine grained sandstones, with strike e. 10° w., dip nearly vertical. Plant remains are common and the following invertebrates were taken : Dalmanites pleuroptyx Spirifer perimele. Poleumita sf. S. nov. Prosocoelus pesanseris vay. occidentalis Chonetes hudsonicus Modiomorpha odiata Rhipidomella musculosa Cypricardinia magna Leptostrophia magnifica Solenopsis Megalanteris cf. ovalis Spirifer primaevus atlanticus Amphigenia parva Pholidops terminalis 3456 Farm island: at the south end shaly sandstone with a few much distorted fossils, From this point all along the shore to and on the east side of the island the rocks are better exposed than in any other part of the lake but on going north the layers are thicker with more quartz veins. In the Seventh Annual Report of the Maine Board of Agriculture, 1862 [p-331] is stated: “ The most interesting thing discovered upon Farm island is a fossil plant allied to Fucoides cauda-galli.” These markings have also been observed here by Mr Nylander. 3457. Tomhegan Point, west side of lake: thick-bedded sandstones, strike e.-w., dip 30° n. A few fossils occur. 3458 Birch Point, % mile below outlet of Moose river; sandstones strike e. ne. 10° n. and contain a few brachiopods. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 59 3459 Black Point; strike about same as foregoing. Some layers of the rock are full of Leptocoelia and can be traced for considerable distance into the clearing. Brassua lake, Moose river At the south end of lake are altered and volcanic rocks which extend through to Moosehead lake along what is called the Blue ridge and on the east side of Mount Kineo. On the west side of Brassua lake from Misery stream to the outlet, shaly sandstone outcrops at many places but no fossils have been observed. 3461 On the west shore above Moose river are loose blocks with some 3462 fossils and on the east shore opposite is a fine grained sandstone having a strike e. ne. and dip 80° n. nw., carrying Rhipi- 3463 domella musculosa. Just south of this point, sandstone blocks apparently in situ carry Rensselaeria in abundance and the rocks extending thence for a mile or more to the southeast carry the same fossils. 3464 Soccatean or Saccadean point: just to the north is dark shaly sandstone. Strike e. 15° n., dip 85° s. 10° e. These fossils were found : Cypricardella parmula Cardiomorpha simplex Palaeosolen simplex Spirifer Palaeosolen Rensselaeria stewarti 3465 Continuing northward along the shore for a quarter of a mile is quartzite overlain by a sandy shale showing decided change in attitude, striking ne. with a dip of 75° se. The continuation 3466 of this stretch of rocks emphasizes the variability of dip and the extreme folding and cleaving of the strata and also brings to 3467 light differences in the sediments which vary from a sandy shale often with many crushed and distorted fossils to compact 3468 sandstones of much thickness. Just below the outlet of Moose brook is a prominent point of heavy sandstone with strata standing vertical. Here and on Moose Brook island adjoining fossils are common, 60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM This is the last outcrop of these sandstones observed on the lake. Two miles north of Moose brook is an outcrop of slate representing an extensive belt exposed over the north reaches of the lake. It is impossible to state at present the relation of these slates to the sandstones as no fossils have been found in them. Cuts on Canadian Pacific Railway and at Askwith siding 3472 About 2 miles below Askwith siding are dark gray sandy shales bearing a strike of n. 60° e. and a dip of 80° n. 30° w. These contain distorted plants or worm burrows. 3473 Then follows a series of cuts through sandstones at various attitudes with mostly badly preserved Leptostrophia magnifica and Aviculopecten flammiger. 3474 At Misery Notch about 14 mile below Asquith siding is an interesting anticline exposed in several sections by faulting and revealing a thickness of several hundred feet of the sandstone with great variation in the composition of the sediments. Fossils are scarce, only a few Rensselaerias in the topmost layers. Misery stream A short distance beyond Asquith siding is Misery stream. From the railroad bridge to Brassua lake the sandstones outcrop in many places along the bottom of the stream for a distance of 3 miles but no fossils could be found. 3475 At the first dam in the town of Sandwich are exposed from the top downward 1 dark colored shale with some nodular masses, 40 feet NO fine gray sandstone, 3 feet 3. dark shaly sandstone, 24 feet 4 hard compact gray sandstone, 12 feet 5 shaly gray sandstone of great thickness. The strike of this section is e. ne., dip 40° s. se. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 61 Fossils occur in several of these layers but in great abundance in no. 1, from which have been identified: Rensselaeria callida Allerisma R. diania Chonostrophia dawsoni Aviculopecten flammiger Chonetes canadensis Chonetes nectus Outcrops of shaly layers appear for at least 4 miles above this dam but fossils were not_observed. Stony brook, Moose river 3476 Sandstones with shaly layers are exposed across the bottom of Moose river and up Stony brook for a mile or more. The more shaly layers on the north bank of the river and in the brook contain fossils : Aviculopecten flammiger Chonetes nectus Chonetes hudsonicus Amphigenia parva Rhipidomella musculosa Jackman and Parlin Pond Jackman farm is located on the Canada road at the extreme southeast corner of Jackman. 3477. Here are dark bluish gray shaly sandstones with a nearly n.-s. strike, dip e., in some places filled with plant fragments and a few other fossils, Leptostrophia oriskania Leptocoelia flabellites Atrypa reticularis Megalanteris cf. ovalis Dalmanella cf. circularis Meristella The outcrop crosses the corner of Jackman and extends into the township of Parlin Pond for a half mile. 3478 North of Bean brook in Parlin Pond township on the Canada road are thick-bedded sandstones having a n.-s. strike and easterly dip. Here the following fossils were obtained : Dalmanites pleuroptyx Spirifer arenosus Leptocoelia flabellites 62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 3479 Just north of Parlin Pond on the west side of the Canada road are thick sandstones, recorded first by Dr Jackson. Fossils occur here but the outcrops are now unfavorable to examination and were visited at a disadvantage. Piscataquis county 3470 Onthe east side of Moosehead lake, southeast side of Kineo bay, is a shaly sandstone with a few fossils. 3471 Seven miles north of Kineo on the Folsom farm are large quan- tities of fossiliferous boulders, in part evidently derived from the greatly broken rocks beneath and in part from Soccatean point on the opposite side of the lake. The following species have been identified here: Dalmanites pleuroptyx Tropidodiscus obex Homalonotus vanuxemi Diaphorostoma ventricosum Pterinea mainensis Coelidium tenue Aviculopecten alcis Spirifer cvclopterus A. cf. gebhardi Chonetes impensus Palaeopinna flabellum Chonostrophia dawsoni Cyrtodonta beyrichi Leptostrophia oriskania C. muscula Telosints lake or Round pond Telosinis lake is the northern end of the more northern section here considered. It is the first of a chain of reservoirs running eastward from Chamberlain lake and lies about % mile west of Telos lake. 3436 At the entrance of the outlet eastward toward the latter is a series of rocky reefs extending for about 1 mile, the strike being e.-w. with a dip of 85° s.:_ Fossils not specially abundant; Leptocoelia flabellites, Rensselaerra ovoides, Platyceras sp. Telos lake Telos lake about 4% miles long presents a series of interesting outcrops. ™The name of this lake is sometimes pronounced and written Telosmis. Professor Hitchcock overlooked these outcrops stating definitely that no rocks are exposed on this lake [Sixth An. Rep’t Maine Bd Agric. 1861. p. 408]. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 63 3430 Two miles above Telos dam; thin-bedded sandstones, in part shaly in form of an anticline. In Blind Cove on the north side the strata present a strike sw.-ne., dip 15° se. - No fossils found. 3431 Blind Cove point. The rocks are here anticlined with heavy sandstone at the axis. The thickness is estimated at 1500 to 2000 feet with strike n. 4o° e. and dip very variable. The lower sandstones contain some plant remains, above them lying beds in which are Leptocoelia flabellites (extremely abundant), Leptostrophia oriskania, Orthothetes woolworthanus and Leptodomus prunus. 3432 A broken, badly sheared anticline % mile above Blind Cove point. Fossils few and noorly preserved. 3433 One mile above Blind Cove point. Rocks badly sheared and broken. Dalmanites pleuroptyx Platyceras sf. D. ploratus Actinopteria textilis Cornulites Meristella Diaphorostoma desmatum 3434 ceo ce | Avail ily et CLOneei ma we suas cievarncesracr es |etne ee al IPeiminaa. malyinemets (Gloidd?. a cosokoAabonooedlocascclannones be ae Sean gsc eee ell peradialisn lanbesrm as cates ntckcia ta cei ie logiosne Retsacnenereocl casa tee ee 1). rales (QUO as -ta a emmtowiinie See AS oe dlleoeew..s eRe MCR hee [Bsc alaet Achinaphericvexctil1sm @ai@1L) einen iy meee XK Cyrtodonta beyrichi Beushausen...........|.-..--]| CeimiusculayGlarkene erence et see Palacopinna flabelltiml ale ne. see Nee, | Modiomorpha odiata Clarke............... [ees | Prosocoelus pes-anseris Z.@ W. v. occiden- Which (Cuenta, pe Sosa mba ELE oan Cee ACR ce eter se: Leptodomus prunus Clarke............... fononete Cypricardinial magna) Olarkeyss..-24- 406 6 - Kees hes Cypricardella parmula Clarke............. [RE ee Palaeosolen simplex Maurer..............|.----- Cardiomorpha (Goniophora?) simplex Clarke ......| SOLENOPSIS Die wenerac tr marcus enciekecrs cutest eter oiler [fercaneyene Ditichiataia ellipticapiMiauren=an wc si 405 ee | opus Rensselacriaovoides) (Hator)\eews ne alesis IAG Ste wat Clayere wis bei etek sae lenis euats | feye) NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM DISTRIBUTION OF THE MOOSE RIVER FAUNA (covitinued) =identity, + =affine si | Si | oe | male eel | : SPECIES g > ie ia 8 ae) a 4 £ mie | = cS) onlga S IRMicallidanGlarkenetss einsis ees aaa eee es eee [peers Ne (ere Boel letta eal Sobor ae Ra dianiaiClarkesa. cavern: vcs le riences temetees eo ea iene eee ees |e 2 ae RUNG PICTASSICOSLAy I WOGH = ries tein bier etn Hanan & | Pe sstectllralt eat een reas Viecantee x R. (Amphigenia) parva Clarke............ Nas 2 leat Rrlrm Sete. |v asl lleaeston|tencvoue meen: Megalanterisich ovalis allt ny) s2). cies een: Ips aioe Se eiecmitiers eibencet |evageecrstss Miers CEES Days 1st teeter cee ate cuca: Kee eects lt conc eres | are seksurege agence ela omex ile. Atal eats orse ie Atry pa reticularis (Limnd) \2 2 yo sae oe {Ra | ACN a weet Ce alte Wipe rteneres Leptocoelia flabellites (Comrad)............ [insect | Realy ak, We Meher ec 5% Spirifer primaevus Stezn.v. atlanticus Clarke.|......)....... la Ache Sieac [nan oi lator x Smaremosusn(Covmad) sere. Gives eerie cellars n.d See lot Steel econ ll eet cee SiipenumelenGlarres sear mesk ers seus eerste ete Soech teal rents eee ate tcea al lara ol ferBieyc + IS). Cy/ClkoyOWesAEIS VEMCHTA, Gre ohlolota.e b Hie bie BO cai Ko Be |Lev aes ess eames Ft ced alle enema genres tic SmaroostookensisiClaren. sare mre etki lotstemralcstateacters nese peeaeee| (Pte el Pieter aoc 8 Cyatimavatiinis sB2llies Meets ect sersteie ecl- Eay etek valtert areas Se | ERe ollescrel | Siar eae oes Chonetes impensus Clarke................ eat Ch Se eee OPA I can Log ee [io e6 [igre 6.8 CemecthusiGlanke manne ars A asc or ck Wteie Oo ta Ke steal ye FF) Sel ono ale log OA OEE C. (Eodevonaria) hudsonicus Clarke........|...... x | See a eacrotal trees |Gieseeceoo ci CrcanadensisuB2l anes... een eee cee Sanne IS easter aces [Ny esclea TL cI A lobe ewte ters Chonostrophia dawsoni Ballawes ov stan + aE | ot Sb Pole aalloeone oon Orthothetes (Schuchertella) woolworthanus TaGCTI RNS SUR POARLS sooth RPA UIE Pe oe Setar Andre Senile ca e| ee Po al ap tee as Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wilckens) v. ventri- | | COSA RAINE ere Bee ride tae een ae eps boot e Nita ets com eee (eta cesta le, eral beevsePtne ico Meptostrophia mapmifica tall e294 ahs i ereets ees nF o>: ce tel lett eee appesert setees leonskania Clank; ea pe haa e ee oer eet oe 1 Sere altar fe oalteepcicline ae > cits Hipparionyx proximus Vanuxem. Sf Ai 8, llaeas |oevallate os Sods Rhipidomella musculosa Hall v. 5) | | Clay ents sas cane IC Eee len dances STE Nee WADA a Whe mal [ince Ae nh Dalmanella cf. circularis Sowerby.......... } + | erat c aneneta nts eek y |e ve coe es Pholidops'termuinalis; Ala 6 oe. we | oe eter a: Ie SE Bloons Coes ales eee | Ses a alt alerts opal Ost ewthn cies tv stiete ce Samensuae rte: ly (+2) 18 (+6))23 (+5) ml 2 7 (+9) | hae saat | | It is clear from the foregoing that the affinity of this fauna represented in percentage of occurrence is chiefly with the Oriskany of New York, the Oriskany element in the Grande Gréve fauna and with the Coblentzian. The species entering into these percentages are, so far as concerns the Oriskany, among the most characteristic of that assemblage. on © i 7 ia o fi a ; ; iy ; 7 ; 7 6 verre” ‘ i Mp ie i y \ Mi ' ma Us ' a 4 Me: : f ah UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK MEMOIR 9 PLA“ UCATION DEPARTMENT STATE MUSEUM Presque Isle Villag + aa oee Heth R Edmunds Hill’ AROOSTOOK a i i i ; g ‘ SKETCH MAP SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CHAPMAN SANDSTONE ON THE CHAPMAN PLANTATION EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA gl Ill DAE DEVONIG PAUNAS OF DHE CHAPMAN PLANTATION, MOOSTOOK COUNTY MAINE The Chapman Plantation is a tract in the northeastern county of Maine, lying directly to the south and west of Presque Isle village on the Bangor and Aroostook Railroad. At several spots in this area are outcrops of sandstone and arenaceous shales, for the most part highly inclined at angles of 4o to 45 degrees to the north or northwest. The presence of these rocks and the fact that they were fossiliferous seems to have been first noted by Professor C. H. Hitchcock in 1861," but the fossils were first systemati- cally assembled by Mr Olof O. Nylander, a resident of Caribou and an intel- ligent, appreciative and competent collector. In 1898 the writer had made the acquaintance of Mr Nylander by correspondence and had acquired from him for the State Museum considerable series of these fossils. Based upon this material, some description and discussion of these faunas, which were then unknown to the public except for the reference above suggested, had been prepared by me and I was not then aware that the same problem wes being elsewhere studied; but my work was for the time terminated by the appearance of a paper in the American Journal of Science [March 1900, p. 203-13] entitled, Zhe Szlurzan-Devonian boundary mm North America — I. The Chapman sandstone fauna, by Henry S. Williams. This publication conveyed the intimation that a fuller description of that fauna would follow in some more elaborate treatise and the writer therefore laid aside his manu- script lest he should seem to encroach upon the field of a colleague. Time slipped along ; the paper referred to was immediately followed by bulletin 165, United States Geological Survey, entitled, Contrzbutzons to the Geology of Maine, by Henry S. Williams and Herbert E. Gregory; but this entered into no more precise detail as to the faunas in question, the former publi- cation being in effect an excerpt from the latter. These papers indicated the occurrence in the Chapman Plantation of t See his report as State Geologist in 6th Rep’t State Bd of Agric. p. 245%. g2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM two areas of fossiliferous rocks: the outcrops along the Presque Isle stream and those at Edmunds Hill. The fossils from these places studied by Pro- fessor Williams were not closely identified but only brought into com- parisons, often remote, with known New York species of all ages from the Upper Siluric to the Middle Devonic. As the outcrops are not extensive nor widely separated, it has been impossible to credit with value these comparisons between really unlike objects. The main argument of the dis- cussion of the Chapman Plantation fauna assumes to find an agreement in species between that and the fauna of the so called Tilestones of South Wales, which Murchison, after having referred to the Devonic, eventually placed at the top of his Siluric system. Palpably misconceived species of each having been admitted as evidence in this contention and the equiva- lence in part of the Chapman sandstone fauna with that of the Oriskany of New York being conceded, it is concluded that the line of division between the Siluric and Devonic formations in eastern America is to be drawn at a factitious division line somewhere within the Oriskany formation. With the species of the fauna before me compared with some care with both American and European contemporary forms I expressed dissent from the conclusions of the writer referred to in a brief address before the American Association for the Advancement of Science in July 1900, notes on which were published in the proceedings of that meeting and in Sczence of the same year. During the last four years, deeming it desirable to present the fauna in detail and its portrayal an essential part of this treatise, I have availed myself of the further assistance of Mr Nylander to acquire still more com- plete collections and stratigraphic data from the Chapman Plantation, and the same gentleman has also placed at my disposal the entire suite of these fossils from his private collection. To further test the suggestion of the affinity of this fauna with that of the Tilestones of Murchison, I have been so fortunate as to acquire collections both from localities in Wales and those in the Ludlow section representing the upper part of the Downtonian series, made in the field at my request by such accomplished observers as EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 93 Drs A. Smith Woodward and C. Davies Sherborn. These collections from Horeb Chapel and Felindre in Wales; Bradford, Whitecliffe, Ludford, Brindgwood Chase, Ombury, Downton, Hargeest Mill and other localities, ‘supplement an excellent series of specimens presented years ago to the State Museum by Sir Roderick Murchison when director general of the geological survey of Great Britain. Cautious examination and comparison of this material with that from Aroostook county show a possibility of only remote and indirect comparison, too frail to justify extended discussion, sufficient to indicate that the Tilestones of Wales and Ludlow are unlike quantities faunally, and that in no particular worthy of serious consideration is there any substantial organic resemblance between either and those under present consideration. It will be found on reference to my very brief published comments on this fauna that a strong affiliation was indicated to the Coblentzian of the Rhineland. In my restudy of the fauna, of which the present presentation is the result, I have to acknowledge the generous aid which has been afforded by Prof. E. Kayser of Marburg and Dr F-, Drevermann of Frankfort, who have supplied me with series of specimens and have made comparisons of and commentaries upon my own determinations. With such assistance, some personal field acquaintance with the European faunas and with the help of considerable series of Coblentzian material already in the State Museum, it has been possible to secure in dependable measure the accuracy of determinations and comparisons with Coblentzian species. It is in this resemblance with the rhenish lower Devonic that the faunas of the Chap- man Plantation find their most pronounced character in contrast with those of a more strictly American type. This fact is forcibly brought out by study of the tabulation given on a following page. Stratigraphy of the Chapman Plantation The outcrops which have afforded the fossils here discussed occur in two areas: (1) in the upper reaches of Presque Isle stream over an area bounded by that stream, Shields brook and Alder brook lying in the southern part of the Plantation; (2) Edmunds Hill, a small outlier near 94 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the north line of the Plantation and about 3 miles north of no. 1. These areas are shown on the accompanying map. While the rocks displayed at these two places are included under the general term of Chapman sandstone (Williams), there are highly noteworthy differences in the fauna at the two areas of the outcrop which are expressed in the tabulation following. Presque Isle stream section The general relations of the strata at the Presque Isle stream and westward over the tract known as the Burnt land are shown in the accompanying section, which may be described as follows in ascending order. feet A Dark, fine grained sandstone ; no fossils +100 B Sandstones and shales, some of them much sheared. Fossils + 100 C Thick-bedded sandstone exposed on both sides of the stream; no fossils +200 D Thick-bedded sandstone as in C but containing fossils 25 E Sandstone like that of D and C containing no fossils and marking the top of the section on both sides of the stream. The dip in the section is 38 to 4o’ n. and the strike nearly east-west. Edmunds F1ill section In this outcrop the rocks are heavy but broken sandstones with a dip of 80° e, and a nearly north-south strike. The entire mass is overlain by andesite and the fossils have been largely collected from the debris. There is a third exposure of the sandstone east of the Presque Isle stream as indicated on the map but this has afforded no fossils. It is probable that the entire area between these several exposures is occupied by the Chapman sandstone which with their accompanying andesite. intrusives thus occupy nearly all the area of the Chapman Plantation, EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 95 DESCRIPTION OF THE FAUNA OF THE CHAPMAN SANDSTONE Asterolepis clarkii Eastman See N.Y. State Mus. Mem. 10. 1907. p. 40, pl. 7, fig. 7, 8 Locality. Presque Isle stream. Spirorbis sp. Abundant on dead shells. Locality. Presque Isle stream. Homalonotus vanuxemi Hall Plate 22, figures 2-6 See p. 67 Homalonotus vanuxemt Hall. Palaeontology of New York. 1859. 3:352, pl. 73, fig. 9-13 Homalonott's vanuxemi Hall & Clarke. of. cit. 1887. 7:11, pl. VB This species, rare in the Helderbergian (New Scotland beds) from which it was described, but more frequent in the calcareous Oriskany fauna of southeastern New York, is well marked by its highly convex, well seg- mented pygidium. There is nothing in the structure of the parts before us that suggests any similarity to species of the genus from the transatlantic strata. The parts are wholly without ornament, in which respect the speci- mens are in harmony with other American species and in measurable con- trast to the more prevalent spinous forms of the Coblentzian of Europe and the Bokkeveld beds of South Africa. The pygidium is narrow, relatively slender, with abruptly sloping sides and dhamlh segmented in the same degree as the pygidium of H. vanuxemi in the Dalmanites dentatus beds of Port Jervis, New York (Oriskany). The head also possesses the rather broad anterior border which characterizes H. vanuxemi. We have had occasion previously to observe that sharp segmentation of either pygidium or head is an index in this genus of early age; that in later Devonic forms this segmentation is obscured at maturity though it may be apparent in young stages. Locality. dnantas Hill. Phacops cf. logani Hall See pt x, p. 118; pt 2, p. 18 This species is represented by a glabella and several se The former shows it to be a normal member of the genus with full coalescence of the glabellar lobes and highly pustulose surface. The pygidia have the pleurae’ divided as in other ‘early species of the genus. Such typical and normal Phacopes are extremely rare in Siluric faunas. We have previously g6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM called attention to the Lower Siluric species, P. primaevus from Percé [N. Y. State Mus. Mem. to, pt 1, p. 73] and Weller has recently described a Niagaran form of fully mature type, P. handwerki [Chicago Acad. Sci. Bul 4, pt 2. 1007, p.270, pli24s digaio, 74) Locality. Yedmunds Hill. Phacops (Phacopidella) nylanderi Clarke Plate 22, figure r Phacops (Phacopidella) nylanderi Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 166 This is an addition to the peculiar group of early Devonic species of which we recognize the following other members: P. brasiliensis (Maecurti), P. anceps (Decewville), P. correlator, New York Oris- kany and Gaspé sandstone. We have noted in what respects this group departs from the structure presented by P. downingiae, the exemplar of the generic group Acaste=Phacopidella Reed. The material from this locality has afforded but a single cephalon of small size with semicircular outline, rotund but not protuberant glabella, in which all glabellar lobes are extinct save that at the base which takes the form of a narrow and obscure ring. The preservation here is without compression which in some of the other species of the series serves to indicate the glabellar furrows. The nuchal ring is elevated, the eyes relatively large, and the small cheeks are apparently produced into short genal spines. The length of this specimen is 4 mm and its full width 8 mm. No indications of other parts that can be referred to this species are present. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Dalmanites cf. micrurus (Green) Plate 22, figures 7, 8 See pt 1, p. 120; pt 2, p. 18 There are two incomplete pygidia of rather small size in the material and these have the segmentation and aspect of D. micrurus as it occurs in the Helderbergian of New York. We know no other parts which can be referred to the same species. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Beyrichia kloedeni McCoy var. ? See p. 19 This entomostracan has nothing in common with the widely variant expressions assigned to the cosmopolitan Siluric species B. tuberculata EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 97 by Kléden | Verst. d. Mark Brandenburg| and Reuter | Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. 1885. v. 37]. Among those, the simple form of these specimens is not to be found. The object from the Tilestones figured under this name in S?/uzrza and the Szlurzan System may have some rela- tion to that species but the Chapman Plantation forms are quite distinct. These on the Presque Isle agree very well with Jones’s B. kloedeni var. acadica from the Lower Devonic at Stewart’s cove, Dalhousie, N27 Bi Beyrichia kloedeni as interpreted by Jones and other writers is a species of very wide range occurring even as high up as the Carbonic. Some of the specimens “from the Presque Isle with hyper- trophied lateral lobe can not be separated from the B. kloedeni var, from the Onondaga limestone of Ontario county, N. Y., figured by Jones in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, volume 46, plate 21, figure 1a, 1890. Locality. Presque Isle stream. Beyrichia oculina Hall Beyrichia oculina Hall. Palaeontology of New York. 1859. 3:378 The simple subcentral well defined tubercle of this species and undivided lateral and ventral lobes, as well as its subequilateral outline are index characters presented by some of our specimens. There is no occasion to confound the species with that from Presque Isle stream. Beyrichia oculina was described from the Coeymans limestone (Helderberg) of New York. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Orthoceras norumbegae Clarke Plate 22, figures 14, 15 Orthoceras norumbegae Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.177 A robust shell of which we have about six inches of the final part, retaining the surface sculpture. The shell seems to have tapered gradually and to possess a circular section. The fragment at hand has a length of 165 mm, a width at the top of 75 mm, at the bottom of 60mm. The ‘sculp- ture consists of incised veaheall lines at irregular intervals, making very flat and low elevated striae, some broad, some very narrow and threadlike, all rather wavy and irregular in their course, large and small interspaced with- out order. At wider intervals are deeper. longitudinal sulci. All are crossed by faint and irregularly distributed concentric lines, This style of exterior is highly unusual and quite peculiar. Locality. Edmunds Hill. 98 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Tentaculites scalaris Schlotheim Plate 22, figures g-11 Tentaculites scalaris Schlotheim. Petrefaktenkunde, p.377, pl. 20, fig. 8,9; e¢ aUuctorum Tentaculites scalaris Schlotheim. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.174 There are no evidences of distinction between specimens of Tentacu- lites found in the Chapman Plantation and this well known Coblentzian species. Our specimens bear the strong rounded annulations, subject to very slight variation with some irregularity in the intervals and these annu- lations are covered with fine concentric lines. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Conularia cf. huntiana Hall Plate 22, figures 12, 13 See Conularia huntiana Hall. Palaeontology of New York. 1859. 3:348, pl. 72A, fig: 3 So far as exterior markings can be relied on for the identification of species this Helderbergian form appears to be present in the Chapman Plantation. The specimens present two of the four sides of a narrow and slender shell in which the surface is transversely lined by elevated ridges at usually irregular intervals, in some places crowded, in others less frequent, the depression being puckered into vertical elevations and depressions which may rise to the summits of and crenulate the intervening ridges. In the detail of structure it is in contrast to such early Devonic Conularias as C. lata Hall, in which the sculpture is a series of beads on the ridges only. Locality. Presque Isle stream. Plectonotus cf. derbyi Clarke Plate:2q. figuresia=xx See Plectonotus derbyi Clarke. The Paleozoic Faunas of Parad. Eng. ed. p.38, pl. 3, fig. 14-18 With the types of this species from the Maecurti river before me I can observe no very material difference between them and the sulcate shells here figured from the Chapman Plantation. These bear the two deep lateral sulci, between them lying the broad, flat dorsum and at the aperture a reen- trant median angle expressing together with faint median revolving furrows the same evidence of a slit band as that found in the specimens of P. der- byi. The latter at times exceeds the dimensions of the Maine shells but these nevertheless attain notable size. There is a considerable series of these sulcate bellerophons which, as we have heretofore pointed out, have commonly passed under the term Bellerophon trisulcatus Sow- EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 99 erby. That, however, isa little and deeply sulcate species from the Tilestones. The three varieties of this species described by the Sandbergers from the Devonic are independent species departing widely from B. trisulcatus and doubtless representing distinct genera. One of them, var. tumidus, common in the Spiriferensandstein, is broad and has shallow sulci far at the side, a convex back and apparently no slit band; var. acutus is a Tropidodiscus; B. coutinhoanus Hartt & Rathbun, from the Ereré Middle Devonic (Brazil) is a Bucaniella with highly convex dorsum and shallow lateral sulci, while Plectonotus ? salteri is a species from Maecurt, likewise with shallow furrows. We have only Plectonotus derbyi left as a species characterized by its deep sulci, which are not far to the side, and flat backed dorsum. Locality. The Burnt lands 2 miles west of Presque Isle stream, in sandstone. Not observed in the shales. Somewhat similar shells occur at Edmunds Hill but they are not in our judgment of the same species, differing therefrom as Bucaniella cou- tinhoana differs from the foregoing. The sulci are more shallow and lateral: the dorsum is broad and convex. We hesitate therefore to associate them under the same name. Tropidodiscus obex Clarke Plate 22, figures 27-30 Tropidodiscus obex Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 193 This is a species of unusual interest in that it represents the only known imember of Meek’s genus Tropidodiscus, save the type T. curvilineatus (Conrad) from the Onondaga limestone of New York. The Maine shell is smaller than that, very sharply keeled, narrowly umbilicated, with the outward slope of the whorls direct and without evidence of revolving sulci, the inner slope being vertical. The surface is crossed by fine concentric growth lines bending sharply back to the keel. In Tropidocyclus (de Koninck, emend. Clarke) the closely appressed shell still carries pro- nounced revolving furrows, and the slit band, though present, may be obscured by overgrowth or thickening of the shell. Locality. “edmunds Hill. Coelidium tenue Clarke Plate 23, figures 8-10 See p. 23 Coelidium tenue Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.190 This is an elongate, turriculate and slender shell with sharply keeled whorls margined by a simple slit band to which the surface slopes in an almost direct plane without either convex or concave curvature, the surface 100 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM of the whorls bearing reflected concentric lines. The species comes very close to Kaysers Murchisonia losseni | Fauna des Hauptquartzites, p.15, pl. 8, fig. 9] from the Spiriferensandstein of the Hartz and the Coblentzian of the Rhine. While approaching this form most closely it is also allied to the M. angulata Phillips var. a. MVK [Fossils Older Deposits Rhenish Provinces, pl. 32, fig. 7] from the Stringocephalus lime- stone of the Rhine. Attention may also be directed to the shell identified by Verneuil from the Lower Devonic of Nishnij-Tagilsk in the Urals [Geol. de la Russie, 1845, v. 2, p.339, pl. 22, fig. 7] under the name of M. cingulata Hisinger. Kayser remarks that ane is not Hisinger’s species, “which is confined to the Swedish Wpperssilucic: “Whe forms described by Billings from the Gaspé limestone as M. hebe and M. egregia are of the same type but are stouter shells with more convex volutions. The Holopella obsoleta of Sowerby figured by Mur- chison among the fossils of the Tilestones may be of similar type but it is known in literature only from internal casts which serve but a faulty purpose in the determination of such shells. Locality, Presque Isle stream. Abundant also at Dalhousie, N. B. Eotomaria hitchcocki Clarke Plate 23, figures 11-19 See p. 139 Eotomaria hitchcocki Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.190 Shell with rather low, somewhat concave spiral of four to five whorls, the spire usually much depressed when in the shales. The surface of the whorls is regularly sloping, very slightly concave, giving an almost uninter- rupted slope to the spire. Periphery of body whorl | sharply carinate or even extended into a keel or flange which seems to carry a slit band. Aperture sharply angulated exteriorly, subcircular in outline, thickened and slightly excavate on the inner lip. Base of shell broad and nearly flat for its full width. Fine concentric growth lines are the only sculpture. It is possible that this shell may be of similar character to the Trochus ? helicites Sowerby from the Tilestones of Horeb Chapel [see Szlurza, pl. 34, fig. 12] but comparison can be based only on the resemblance of the internal casts of the two shells for of the exterior of the latter we have as yet no definite knowledge. It is instructive to observe that the Spiriferen- sandstein of the Oberharz (Bocksberg) carries an Eotomaria of similar style with extended peripheral flange [Pleurotomaria kleini Beu- shausen, Beifr. zur Kenntn. da. Ober hare. Sprriferensandst. 1884. pl. 1 fig. ro], though a shell of much larger type than that here described. Locality. Presque Isle stream and in the Burnt lands 2 miles west. Specific name. Prof. C. H. Hitchcock, State Geologist of Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA IOI Holopea beushauseni Clarke Plate 23, figures 20-22 Macrocheilus? sp. Beushausen. Abhandl. z. geol. Specialk. v. Preussen etc. 1884. pl. 1, fig. 7 Holopea beushauseni Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.188 Shell of considerable size, stoutly subconical with sutures slightly impressed ; whorls four to five, depressed convex, overlapped for one fourth to one third of their width; surface smooth or with fine concentric lines; angle of spire 4o degrees; final whorl at its commencement having a diame- ter equal to the hight of the spire above; at the aperture much elongated, explanate or reflected in the lower part. The whorls sometimes show a slightly shouldered appearance and the final whorl may be subangular about its base. _ This shell occurs in great abundance in the form of distorted casts of the interior and is of the type of structure exhibited by such shells as Conchula steiningeri Koken [Neues Jahrb. fir Mineral. Beilage- band 6. 1889. pl. 13, fig. 2] and Bucinum arculatum (Schlotheim) MVK [Fossils Older Dep. Rhen. Prov. 1842. pl. 32, fig. 1} With the former it may be directly compared. Both of these shells are from the Middle Devonic. Beushausen figures as Macrocheilus ? sp. an internal cast of like aspect and proportions from the Spiriferensandstein of the Oberharz (Bocksberg), identical indeed so far as identity can be indicated by internal casts. Specially noteworthy is the agreement in relative size of the final whorl and the explanate form of the apertural margin. Locality. Presque Isle stream. A shell of somewhat similar character but apparently stouter with more convex whorls occurs at Edmunds Hill. Platyceras leboutillieri Clarke Plate 23, figure x See pt 1, p. 145 Platyceras leboutillieri Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.181 Platyceras leboutillieri Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 9g, pt 1, p.145, pl. 14, fig. 1-4 I identify with this species from the Grande Gréve limestone at Percé, the small specimen here figured. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Platyceras hebes Clarke Plate aa, figures 17-19 See p. 68 Platyceras hebes Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p. 185 Shell conical, slightly oblique, apex blunt or minute, surface expanding rapidly with a vertical slope on the posterior and a more broadly curved 102 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM slope on the anterior side; lower part of the cone obscurely plicated, aperture nearly round. This singular expression of Platyceras, noteworthy for its broad, blunt apex, is quite unusual in American faunas, but such a shell has been noticed by OEhlert in the Lower Devonic of Angers and figured in the Bulletin de la Socitté Grologique de France, 1890, volume 17, plate 19, figure 4. Locality, Edmunds Hill. Platyceras kahlebergensis Beushausen Plate 23, figures 2 7 Capulus kahlebergensis Beushausen. Abhandl. zur geolog. Specialk. Preus- sen. 1884. pl. 1, fig. 14 Platyceras kahlebergensis Beushausen. N.Y.State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.185 There seems no doubt of identity in this case. The species is a Platy- ceras with a Diaphorostomalike spire from which the body whorl expands rapidly and carries a deep revolving sulcus on the lower side. Locality, “Edmunds Hill, and in the Spiriferensandstein of the Hartz qountains at the Kahleberg. Loxonema sp. cf. funatum A. Roemer Plate 23, figures 25, 26 Loxonema sp. cf. funatum A. Roemer, N. Y.State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.186 A shell of relatively rare occurrence with very faint sinuous ridges on the internal cast. It suggests the species referred to from the Spiriferen- sandstein of the Hartz mountains. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Pterinea cf. fasciculata Goldfuss Plate 25, figures 1-7 Pterinea fasciculata Goldfuss. Petrefacta Germaniae. 2. p.137, pl. 129, fig. 5 Pterinea fasciculata Frech. Devon. Aviculiden Deutschlands. 1891. p.84, pl. Oy hig sete ple Oni et Not P. cf. fasciculata (Goldfuss). Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.204, figures The pterineoids of this fauna are chiefly true Pterineas and none show the degenerative condition of the hinge structure which accompanies and characterizes the generally later genera Actinopteria and Liopteria. This species is radially and coarsely ribbed, quite convex and oblique along the crescence line, the anterior wing strongly developed on the abrupt anterior slope and‘the hinge teeth both beneath the beak and behind it very pro- nounced. In all respects it is very like the species cited so far as the former EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 103 is known, It is possible, however, that the coarsely ribbed internal casts may belong to the more finely marked form to which we refer in the following. Locality. Presque Isle creek. Pterinea radialis Clarke Plate 24, figures a1-24 See also p. 72 Pterinea radialis Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.207 This is one of a group with an Actinopterialike exterior, but it has the highly developed anterior muscle scar, the umbonal and the lateral teeth of Pterinea. No attempts therefore at correlation with species which have been determined as Actinopteria and Avicula are here called for. The shells have the size and proportions of the foregoing (P. cf. fasciculata) and the following species. The hinge line is but slightly extended pos- teriorly, the anterior wing well marked, convex and sulcated; the crescence line oblique and the valve highly convex in the umbonal region, with abrupt anterior and more gradual posterior slope. The surface sculpture consists of closely crowded subequal rounded riblets, alternation of size being noticeable near the margins. Localities. Presque Isle stream, Matagamon lake and elsewhere, Me. Pterinea chapmani Clarke Plate 25, figure rr Pterinea chapmani Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.203 A large left valve has the beak almost terminal, a long straight hinge, lateral teeth not visible but umbonal teeth sharply defined; posterior wing narrow and not extended, anterior wing very small; anterior slope abrupt, almost vertical; umbo narrow, elevated, the general surface of the valve broadly convex; outline oblique. The surface carries faint radial riblets, which are obsolete on the anterior slope. The species differs from any of its associates in its obliquity, abrupt anterior slope, abbreviated anterior wing and short posterior extension. Locality, Edmunds Hill. Pterinea edmundi Clarke Plate 24, figures 12-18 Pterinea edmundi Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.203 The distinguishing marks of this species are found in its ornament and variable outline. In aspect it approaches very closely the P. radialis from Presque Isle stream but its left valve is sometimes more oblique, 104 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM sometimes more erect, its umbonal convexity less marked. Its sculpture consists of coarse flattened ribs which are more or less irregularly inter- spersed with ribs of smaller size; on the anterior slope these gradually dis- appear leaving the anterior ear smooth, but on the posterior slope they are continued to the hinge. The posterior wing is cancellated and the cardinal line more strongly striate. The left valve which is less convex than the other has the radial riblets developed only on the median area, both anterior and posterior wings being smooth save on the posterior hinge where there is a cancellated group of three or four strong radii. The variations in the outline of this species reach an extreme in the variety subrecta [pl. 24, fig. 19, 20], which retains the same style of ornament as the foregoing and relative proportions and development of the parts, but is quite erect. This appears to be a persistent feature which we find exemplified in several examples, Locality. Edmunds Hill. Pterinea brisa Clarke Plate 25, figure 10 Pterinea brisa Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.208 An elongate shell, quite erect, the axis of growth being essentially at right angles to the hinge. The body 1s produced and moderately expanded ; the wings distinctly developed but not large, the posterior being narrow, the anterior short and the byssal sinus well defined. The length of the hinge in the specimen before us is 32 mm, the vertical hight 4omm. The beak is at the anterior third of the hinge. The surface is marked by radial elevated lines with broad, flat interspaces, broken by intercalated lines of minor series. In the umbonal region the lines are close together but they spread outward and the primary interspaces become broad. The body of the valve shows few concentric lines but these are strong on the wings and those on the posterior wing are cancellated by the radii near the hinge. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Pterinea sp. Type of Pt. laevis Goldfs. Plate 24, figures 29, 30, 33 Some incomplete specimens indicate a shell of the general size and pro- portions of the forms above described but having a thick shell with smooth or roughly lamellose exterior. Localitzes. Presque Isle stream and Edmunds Hill. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 105 Pteronitella peninsulae Clarke Plate 25, figures 8, 9 Pteronitella peninsulae Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.212 Very sharp internal casts of right valves show the characteristic struc- ture of this genus as defined by Billings, clearly demonstrating the departure from the type of Pteronites in the eee of a series of Cy rrtodontalike teeth beneath the beak, together with the long posterior ridgelike tooth. These valves are very oblique, the straight hinge making ‘the greatest diameter of the shell; the anterior wing is insignificant and the posterior not extended, From anterior and posterior cardinal angles the lateral margins depart at pienect go degrees. The beak is very near the anterior extremity and the shell is quite convex along the oblique and somewhat curved crescence line, from which the anterior slope is abrupt and the pos- terior abrupt and slightly concave, at first becoming flat at the hinge. The anterior scar is small and deep, the posterior large and faint. Beneath the beak are three or four teeth diverging from the edge of the ligament area. Locality. Presque Isle stream, Pterinopecten aroostooki Clarke Plate 24, figures 25-28 Pterinopecten aroostooki Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p:199 Shells subcircular or somewhat transverse with outline slightly extended posteriorly ; beak at the anterior third of the hinge, posterior hinge straight, reaching to the extreme limit of the outline, posterior wing very slightly extended : anterior hinge straight, anterior wing moderately large but undulated, an oblique ridge traversing it from the beak just beneath the hinge leaving the portion behind it depressed and flat. Below this ridge the ear is depressed or broadly sulcate. Umbo convex, narrow ; pallial region sloping evenly downward and depressed. The surface sculpture consists of well defined ribs, which are broad and sparse over the median region where they usually carry one very small rib between each two of the large ones. On the anterior slope and wing these ribs are smaller and also on the posterior slope and wing. Cancellating lamellae cross the posterior wing and are nie in the sulci of all the posterior surface of the valve. The left valves only are known. Locality, Edmunds Hill. 106 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Myalina pterinaeoides Clarke Plate 25, figures 12-18; plate 26, figures 1-3 Myalina pterinaeoides Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.213 One of the commoner species at Presque Isle stream is a Myalina with a striking resemblance throughout, save in the character of the hinge, to certain Pterineas with curtailed posterior wing, and specially similar to Pitato Lim. ann askrechs The frequent internal casts show the species to be devoid of the hinge teeth of Pterinea and present only the moderately broad ligamental stria- tions of Myalina and the abbreviated earless and abrupt front margin. This latter feature is rather feebly developed but when the shell is retained the anterior incurvature with margins truncated and meeting at right angles is evident. In other respects we may note the following characters: The shell is relatively suberect without posterior hinge, obliquely elongate, sub- oval with greatest width across the pallial region, the hinge line being short, not more than one half as long as the length of the shell. The valves are shallow and thick ; posterior muscle scar well defined, situated at one half the length of the shell; pallial line short, barely reaching beyond the middle; anterior scar absent. The surface of the shell is coarsely rugose in concentric growth lines and is without other ornament. Of such a species as this we know nothing among the faunas of the Appalachian early Devonic. Locality. Presque Isle stream. Modiomorpha vulcanalis Clarke Plate 26, figures 9-11 Modiomorpha vulcanalis Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107, 1907. p.219 Shell robust, with very thick valves; outline short, obliquely cordate, hinge line oblique, beak in front of the middle, not elevated ; umbonal ridge low but distinct, from which the slope anteriorly is broad and very gently convex while posteriorly it is at first gently concave, then depressed and almost flat near the hinge line. The marginal outline is narrow in front at the extremity of the oblique hinge, clone ina low curve backward, turns almost at right angles at the end of the crescence line, curving thence broadly upward and. forward, joining the obliquely elevated hinge in a broad curve. The length and width of the shell are nearly the same. The resemblance of this species to Drevermann’s Goniophora 'Frech. of. cit. pl. 10, fig. 5; Drevermann. Fauna d. Untercoblenzsch, p.S2, pl. 10, fig. 1 EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 107 cognata' is very close in all visible features save that the crescence ridge in the latter is somewhat sharper. It may also be compared to M. elevata Krantz of the lower Coblentzian.* Professor Kayser suggests a similarity with M. sie genens is Beushausen At all events the short obliquely cordate shell is not familiar in Appalachian faunas of this age. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Modiomorpha protea Clarke Plate 26, figures 4-8; plate 27, figure 7 Modiomorpha protea Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.220 Shell elongate, subrhomboidal, beaks anterior, posterior hinge not ele- vated, crescence line high, relatively approximate to hinge. Length and hight as four to three. Anterior margin broadly rounded, not narrow, basal margin sloping gently downward to near the umbonal ridge, thence bending up and back in a broad angle; posterior hinge angle rounded. Umbonal ridge subangular, sharply defined by the rapid slope of the surface toward the hinge, but not elevated above the general convexity of the sides of the valves. Anterior adductor sear with the little foot muscle scar well defined. This species is somewhat variable in outline, some of the specimens assigned thereto being considerably larger than others. This variation, however, is not expressed i in the typical specimens at Edmunds Hill as well as in the examples referred to the same species occurring at Presque Isle stream. Localities. Edmunds Hill and Presque Isle stream. Modiomorpha sp. Plate 27, figure 10 A single internal cast represents a form of this genus with narrowed anterior extremity and comparable to M. cymbula Hall of the Ithaca group of New York+ and such shells as M. modiola Beushausen of the Coblentzian.> Locality. Edmunds ae * Fauna d. Untercoblentzse al 1g02. p.88, pl. ro, fig. 15, 16. 2 Beushausen. Lamell. d. rhein. Devons. p.23, pl. 2, fig. 9-11. 3 op. cit. p.24, pl. 2, fig. 8. 4aPalleiNe Veen a Vals ot 1 Beze2 » Dl 36, figs 19; 20: 5Lamellibr. rhein. Dev. 5A, (las wiles Tey. 108 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Grammysia modiomorphae Clarke Plate 27, figures 1-6, 8 Grammysia modiomorphae Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul 107. 1907. p.221 Shell large, elongate, generally with strong oblique medial depression dividing the valves into two lobes, sometimes a low ridge lying in the bot- tom of this depression ; beaks at the anterior one third of the hinge, slightly elevated, appressed and incurved ; hinge line direct, not elevated ; marginal outline incurved in front of the beaks, rather narrow at the anterior extrem- ity, broadly incurving on the basal margin at the median sulcus, recurving in a broad angle at the postlateral extremity. The median sulcus varies in width and strength in different examples, at times being highly and some- what unequally developed on both valves, rather more on the right and again being only a low, broad depression. Muscle scars obscure, only the anterior abductor being occasionally shown on our specimens. Surface markings concentric striae strongly marked at the anterior margin. The elongate form of this shell and its subsequent extremities give it the appearance of a Modiomorpha. The evidence seems to indicate how- ever that it is a Grammysia of unusual expression, with which it is not easy to find comparison among other shells. Drs Kayser and Drevermann who have kindly examined specimens of the shell agree that it is very similar to Beushausen’s G. prtimiensis' from the upper Coblentzian of the Eifel. Locality. This species is the most abundant of the lamellibranchs at Edmunds Hill. Grammysia sp. With G. modiomorphae occurs a somewhat allied shell with umbonal ridge high, convex and close upon the hinge, a low submedian depression and very narrow anterior extremity. It appears to be an unde- scribed species and I should regard its generic position as undetermined. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Leptodomus communis Clarke Plate 28, figures 8-10 Leptodomus communis Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107, 1907. p.224 Shell elongate with a Cimitarialike curve to the hinge, beak anterior, hinge not equaling the length of the shell; lower margin sinuate, curving upward posteriorly to a narrowed, subacute extremity whence the posterior edge retreats to the hinge. Surface deeply sulcate from umbo to basal 1 op. cit. p.243, pl. 24, fig. 2-4. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 109 margin. Umbonal ridge conspicuous, blunt and broadly curved, exterior with low irregular concentric folds. Locality. Presque Isle stream. Leptodomus corrugatus Clarke Plate 28, figure 6 Leptodomus corrugatus Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107, 1907. p.224 Shell small, beak at the anterior third of the hinge, outline subelliptical, posterior slope gently sulcate, smooth, anterior surface coarsely corrugated and over the median area these anterior ridges duplicate, there being on the whole on the lateral slope two ridges for every one on the anterior ‘surface. Median surface slightly depressed. Locality. Presque Isle stream. Palaeoneilo There are several species of this genus all of them found in the Presque Isle stream fauna, and most of them are characterized by an oblique posterior cincture, inaking a sinuous postlateral margin. This par- ticular style of expression ty pified a group of shells which seems almost everywhere, except in New York, to emphatically characterize the arenaceous Lower Devonic. Such species occur in the Coblentzian sandstone in very notable abundance; reference may be had to a long list of these described and figured by Beushausen, Maurer and others, A similarly striking devel- opment of these sinuous Palaeoneilos is notable in the Lower Devonic Maecurti sandstones of Para and specially in the Bokkeveld beds of Cape Colony, South Africa. Palaeoneilo orbignyi Clarke Plate 28, figures 20-23 Palaeoneilo orbignyi Clarke. Palaeozoic Faunas of Pard. Eng. ed. from Archiv. do Mus. Nacionial do Rio de Janeiro. rg00. 10:74, pl. 8, fig. 14-17 This species described from the lower arenaceous Devonic of the Maecurt river, Brazil, is reproduced in the form here figured, which is distinguished from its associates and from other species of this time by its highly convex valves with arched umbones, incurved beaks and strongly sulcate and sinuate posterior surface. The hinge has not been observed in the original material and from the specimens in hand we observe that it bears a posterior row of ligament pits which begin minutely beneath the beak where this posterior limb is separated from the anterior by a faint oblique line; these pits at first vertical, rapidly become oblique and coarse backward, slightly chevroned but losing their geniculation toward the end of the row at the inner edge of the posterior adductor. The pits of the 110 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM anterior row begin abruptly beneath the beak and are coarse and oblique, 4 to 5 in number. Localities. Abundant at Presque Isle stream and in the Burnt land westward. Palaeoneilo mainensis Clarke Plate 28, figures 24-30 Palaeoneilo mainensis Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.230 Shell attaining large dimensions for a species of the genus, subtrihe- dral, depressed convex, with beak but little in front of middle of the hinge. Hight three fifths of the length. Posterior surface gently sinuate and the postlateral shell margins correspondingly emarginate, extremities narrow, Surface covered with fine concentric growth lines. On the interior the muscle scars are deeply impressed, there being a ridge on the umbonal side of each but both anterior scar and ridge are very much the more strongly marked and almost attain the strength of the ridge in Nuculites. The hinge has the following structure: The posterior arm carries a row of 16 to 18 ligament pits ending at the anterior edge of the posterior adductor, Those directly under the beak are very slender and transverse, outward they become stronger and more and more chevron-shaped; the anterior arm is not separated by an oblique line from the posterior and carries seven or eight pits, increasing outward rapidly in size and becoming strong and oblique at the terminus near the inner edge of the adductor. In respect to hinge structure, the species is readily distinguishable from P. orbigny1, which it sometimes resembles in form. It is not easy to find European or Mississippian species which this shell resembles in form and hinge structure. Comparisons of similarity are readily made with species of the Devonic on both sides of the Atlantic but these are not helpful in the absence of agree- ment in critical details. We may observe, however, that the shell occasion- ally puts on a concentrically wrinkled surface which we find together with agreements in outline, convexity and, so far as can be ascertained, in hinge structure, expressed in P. maureri Beushausen and some of its variants in the Coblentzian fauna. [Beush. of ct. p.85, pl. 7, fig. 11-28] Localities. Abundant at Presque Isle stream and 2 miles westward in the Burnt district. Palaeoneilo circulus Clarke Plate 28, figures 12-14 Palaeoneilo circulus Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.231 Shell small, almost circular in outline, slightly oblique, depressed and evenly convex, with beak somewhat anterior, surface marked by the fine ele- vated concentric lines characterizing so many species of this genus and with a very low posterior sulcus. Muscle scars slightly buttressed by shelly ridges. Locality. Presque Isle stream. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA IIl Palaeoneilo sp. ? Plate 28, figures 15, 16 A small highly arched and very short species with projecting umbone. Locality. Presque Isle stream. Nuculites cf. oblongatus Conrad and ellipticus Maurer Plate 28, figure rr The single observed specimen of this genus is very similar to either of the cited species (which may prove to be identical), one from the Hamilton fauna of New York, the other from the Coblentzian of the Rhine. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Nucula cf. krachtae A. Roemer Plate 28, figures 17, 18 Nucula krachtae A. Roemer. Verstein. des Harzgebirges, 1843. p.23, pl. 6, fig. 10 Nucula krachtae Beushausen. Lamell. des rhein. Devon. 1895. p.47, pl. 4, fig. 20 Nucula cf. krachtae A. Roemer. Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.232 I am disposed to identify with this well known Coblentzian species a small trihedral Nucula of great obliquity and prominent overarching beaks. Locality. Presque Isle stream. Palaeosolen cf. simplex Maurer Plate 28 figures 1-4 See p.77 Quite a common species is a small shell of the genus Palaeosolen having narrow elongate ensiform valves clearly gaping at the anterior extremity. The umbonal ridge is not sharp, but the postumbonal slope is crossed by direct vertical lines which are more prominent than those on the lateral slopes. Radial lines on the posterior slopes are very obscure. The valves so far seen are always in conjunction. I bring this shell into com- parison with Maurer’s P. simplex from the lower Coblentzian,’ although it is somewhat more strongly marked posteriorly. Locality. Presque Isle stream. 3 Cypricardella sp. Plate 28, figure 5 A small tenuous shell, oblique oval in form, represents a species not completely known. Locality. Presque Isle stream. 1 See Maurer, Fauna des rechtsrhein. Unterdev. 1886. p.18; Beushausen, of. cit. p.224, pl. 18, fig. 9, 10. Maurer, Quartzit von Neuweilnau. 1902. p.62, pl. 4, fig. 13. 112 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Conocardium cf. inceptum Hall Plate 28, figure 19 This is a small shell and we have seen only a single internal cast which affords characters justifying comparison with the specimens provisionally identified with this name from the Oriskany of Becraft mountain.' The surface of the shell bears 13 to 14 plications, an abrupt but not deep anterior slope. Conocardium inceptum was described from the Helder- bergian (New Scotland) beds of Albany county, N. Y... The species may also be compared with C. incarceratum of the Dalhousie fauna. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Camarotoechia dryope Billings Plate 30, figure 1 Localities. Edmunds Hill. Also in the Grande Gréve limestone. Camarotoechia sp. Plate 30, figure 2 See pt I, p. 170 Locality. Edmunds Hill. Rensselaeria atlantica Clarke Plate 29, figures 1-18 Rensselaeria mainensis Williams. U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 165. 1900. p.80, not described or figured Rensselaeria atlantica Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. March 1907. p.243 Rensselaeria mainensis Williams. U.S. Nat. Mus. Proc. April 1907. 32: 267 The Rensselaerias of the Chapman Plantation faunas are of singular interest for the type of structure they present. They occur both in the Presque Isle stream outcrops and at Edmunds Hill but there is a difference in the forms from the two localities which is expressible in terms of development only. These shells have a subnaviculoid contour, that is, the ventral valve is highly arched and elevated medially, the beak conspicuous and overarching the hinge, the lateral slopes of this valve abrupt while the dorsal valve is but gently convex, its beak being so depressed that it is obscure and the valve has a shouldered appearance on account of the broad regular convexity across the posterior part, from which there is a gentle slope anteriorly. The marginal outline is subcircular. In the more progressed type expressed in 1 N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 3. 1g00. p.37, pl. 4, fig. 21-23. ? Hall, Palaeontology of N. Y. 1859. 3: 491 (not figured). EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA I13 the Presque Isle outcrops the large and thickened hinge plate is fully devel- oped and was completely perforated at maturity. Likewise the strong adductor muscle scars separated vertically by a low septal ridge have quite the expression they display in fully developed specimens of R. ovoides and they even show the peculiar divergent vascular markings over the pos- terior slopes which have been heretofore recorded only in a single example of R. ovoides [Palaeontology of N. Y. v. 8, pt 2, pl. 75, fig.5]. These are structural features important to emphasize, for no other species thus far described reproduces these details of that well known Oriskany shell so well. In the ventral valve, also, mature shells bear the expression of R. ovoides in their fully developed dental lamellae and deep pedicle pit. The shells of this species in early stages are transverse or subcircular rather than elongate, the increase of length being an acquisi- tion of later growth. The hinge line is straight and ‘extends for the full diameter of the shell giving the latter a semicircular outline. On both ventral and dorsal valves a distinct and prominent cardinal area is present. The straight hinge line extending for nearly the entire width of the valve makes this a conspicuous feature, on the dorsal valve the area maintaining its notable width to the extremity of the cardinal line and then quickly losing it on the hinge angles. In the ventral valve this feature is made more prominent by the greater elevation of the beak and consequent greater width of the area. To a certain degree this structure is comparable to that observed in the subgenus Beachia H. & C. (type, R. suessana Hall, Oriskany, Cum- berland, Md.). In this shell “the cardinal margin beneath the beak [of the ventral valve| is flattened into a well defined pseudoarea” [Pal. N. Y. v. 8, pt 2, p.259]. Here, however, is a high development of a cardinal area to a degree far beyond that expressed in Beachia. Furthermore in Beachia “the short inflection of the margin beginning here [on the hinge line| is continued along the lateral portion of the shell where it ee a similar marginal inflection from the opposite valve. These produce the sharp introversion of the lateral margins which is also one of the characteristics of the genus Megalanteris.” No such reentrant margins occur in the shells under consideration. I would not refer the species to the subgenus Beachia lest thereby its real affinities be obscured. The kindness of Prof. E. Kayser of Marburg has enabled me to com- pare my material with typical examples of the Rensselaerias, R. strigi- ceps F. Roemer and R. crassicosta (Koch) Kayser, of the lowest arenaceous Devonic of the Rhine, and my lamented friend, the late Dr L. Beushausen of the Landesanstalt, Berlin, compared some specimens from the Presque Isle stream fauna with examples of the species mentioned, in the collections of that institution. The evidence at hand is very clear that while the specimens currently 1I4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM referred to R. strigiceps are quite variable in degree of surface stri- ation, yet this species also bears a cardinal area upon the valves. This feature is particularly well shown by a valve from the Taunus quartzite of Katzenloch near Idar in the Rhine province. In the main the specimens of this species are somewhat more finely striated than those from the Presque Isle but this is a difference notable only in the older shells where by obsolescence of the lateral striae the riblets become apparently less. An internal cast of R. strigiceps, somewhat distorted, from the Siegen greywacke at the iron mine Alte Mahlscheid near Herdorf illustrates the immature character of certain of the generic structures. Thus the hinge plate and cardinal process are thin and not perforated, the dental plates and pedicle pit rather inconspicuous and the muscular impression not sufficiently strong to eradicate the marks of the shell plications. Such an expression of these structures is immature in the sense that they characterize this primary manifestation of species of Rensselaeria. This is their expres- sion, for example, among the species of the Helderbergian fauna. On the other hand the Rensselaerias from Presque Isle stream are in these respects up to the full development of the type of the genus, R. ovoides. These characters in such condition do not therefore indicate a primitive phase nor an early stage in the history of the genus. The shells from Edmunds Hill are of more primitive expression, especially in hinge structure, the plate not being thickened though well developed and separated medially or perforated, in this respect having the structure of the early species of the genus, such as occur in abundance in the beds of the Helderbergian of New York. This shell is in a general way smaller and carries within itself the expression of retarded development with reference to the larger forms at Presque Isle. I will not venture the state- ment that the small forms do not occur at Presque Isle but the larger have not been observed at Edmunds Hill. The similarity of these smaller forms with the R. stewarti of Dal- housie is very close yet it seems to me improper to unite the shells, for such union would lead to the identification of the still simpler Dalhousie shell with the progressed form from Presque Isle. At Dalhousie the species seems to have become fixed in its primitive details; conditions in the Chap- man Plantation region have permitted progress beyond the expression of R. stewarti. The especial expression of the generic type of Rensselaeria afforded by these two closely allied species is repeated in the shell R. portlandica Billings from the Square Lake limestone of Maine. The last opportunity which the writer had for critical examination of the type of this species was while studying an extensive series of Rensselaeria and brachiopods allied thereto, in the preparation of Palacontology of New York, volume 8, part 2. It was then observed that the species Terebratula gaudryi EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA I15 d’Orbigny, the type of Bayle’s genus Trigeria, was probably present in the Oriskany fauna of Maryland. This is a strongly plicated rensselaeroid, throughout of similar aspect to these under consideration save in minor details. To the same group R. portlandica belongs and in the work cited was referred to the genus Trigeria. The genus Trigeria means a strongly plicated rensselaeroid with the hinge plate in an elemental condition, i. e. perforated, but with cardinal process slightly developed if present at all, and a cardinal area more or less distinctly retained on both valves. The genus stands to Rensselaeria (R. ovoides) in the relation of a neanic “to an ephebic condition. R. atlantica, in its progressed expres- sion even though retaining the primi- tive structure of the cardinal areas, can not be brought within that group, and Trigeria can not be construed as a valid generic term in the face of the facts here adduced. In the closest alliance with the Edmunds Hill and Dalhousie shells are specimens which I have received from Prof. E. Kayser labeled R. strigi- Rensselaeria strigiceps Roemer. Dorsal ceps Roem. from the Siegen grey- and cardinal views, Siegen greywacke, near wacke, at Siegen (Coblentzian). Though = "orf the shell is persistently smaller than those referred to, it is of the same contour, degree of plication and interior structure, emphasizing again the “ Trigeria” ‘characters. Precisely what is the relation of this small form from Siegen to the large, elongate, more characteristic examples of R.strigiceps fromthe Taunus quartzite at various localities which bears so strong a resemblance to R. atlantica, the writer is not in position to say, but it may prove to be the same as that we have here indicated. Rensselaeria nov. Plate 29, figure 19 A large convex subcircular ventral valve presents a distinct departure from the other forms of the fauna in its shape and very finely lineate surface. Locality. Edmunds Hill. SPIRIFER The recent labors of Kayser, Drevermann and Scupin have done much to clear up the difficulties of identification among the many species of Ger- man Lower Devonic Spirifers. Too often among the earlier writers on 116 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM these bodies, a species of Spirifer was a fossil in a certain condition of preservation or from a special locality; these facts added to the usually execrable condition of the specimen, the disposition (not yet extinct) to construe a species from internal casts and to neglect the quite as essen- tial and determinative exterior qualities have conspired to make com- parisons extremely difficult. With the better knowledge of the present the way is less insecure. Spirifer subcuspidatus Schnur var. lateincisus Scupin Plate 30, figures 15-19 Spirifer subcuspidatus var. lateincisa Scupin. Die Spirif. Deutschlands, p-19, pl. 1, fig. 13, 14. Palaeontolog. Abhandl. rg00. v.8 Spirifer subcus pidatus lateincisus Scupin. Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.254 Under this term is separated by the writer quoted, certain shells which have heretofore passed as S. hystericus Schloth., among them those identified by Beushausen from the Spirifer sandstone of the Kahleberg. It is with these shells, many of which were collected by the writer in the Hartz when in company with the late Professor Beushausen, and which are now before me bearing his label, that I undertake to identify the Spirifer prevailing at Presque Isle stream. The critical feature from which the varietal term here used is derived is the long and divergent dental plates of the ventral valve, lateincisus being a term which has Spirtfer subeuspida- NO significance in application to the organism but only cues eia Senne See 0. its mechanical surroundings. This Spirifer is a form ventral valve. showing NOt represented in the Appalachian Devonic; compari- divergent dental plates, sons therewith are thus needless. Agreement with the x1l4. Schaike, Hartz S A specimens from Hahnenklee and Ramelsberg in the Hartz is found in the following particulars : Svze. The average in this respect is slightly larger for the adult German specimens. 2 Outline. The hinge is not extended; cardinal angles not pro- duced and less than or equal to 90 degrees. The margins are gently rounded and gradually approximate to the front. The cardinal area is moderately high and slightly curved making an arched ventral valve 3 Plication. The median sinus in each has the width of five to six lateral furrows. The lateral plications are eight to nine on each side of fold and sinus and they are narrow, round, separated by furrows of similar width. The concentric markings are growth lines which may show a tendency to rugosity near the front. 4 Fold and sinus. The sinus is moderately deep and angulated, It is EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA ei 7/ more sharply angulated on the Maine specimens ; in some of the German specimens this angulation is apparent only in later growth. The fold is the counterpart in fhese characters. 5 L[nternal characters. Most notable independently and in point of agreement are the very long dental plates, which diverge rather more in the German than in the American form, In the Hartz specimens these plates lie uniformly in the first radial grooves and hence diverge at the angle of divergence of the radii. In the American shells they are quite as uniformly subparallel to each other and thus are not parallel with the radii but transect the proximal end of first sulcus and plication. This isa slight but persistent difference. The muscle area in both shells is but faintly defined on the ventral valve. Locality. Presque Isle stream. Spirifer cymindis Clarke Plate 30, figures 6-8, 10, 11 Spirifer cymindis Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.255 This is a shell belonging to an extensive group of early Devonic species which I presume are all ‘minutely fimbriate (asin S. concinnus Hall) though not in all have the surface characters been fully determined. Distinc- tions are refined in this series of fossils and the differentials of the shells before us can best be indicated by comparisons with other members of this series. In a general way, however, it may be said that S. cymindis isa shell of larger size and stouter proportions than S. subcuspidatus lateincisus. The form is short-winged with a prominent and arched ventral beak, well developed subangular median sinus and fold, the width of the former equaling the distance between three to four radial furrows; of the latter that of three plications. Both sinus and fold have abruptly slop- ing sides and a narrow bottom and top. The primary plications are con- spicuous by their elevation beyond the rest. The radial plications are rounded on the exterior with sharp and narrow furrows, sharper on the inter- nal cast with broader furrows. There are seven to eight plications on each lateral slope. In rare instances there is a faint median plication in the sinus. Fine concentric growth lines with traces of fimbriae cover the surface. The dental lamellae are short, divergent and inconspicuous, the muscle scar of the ventral valve small, well defined, deeply divided by the median sinus. The shell is not creatly t thickened about this area and the inner surface adjoining is rarely pustulose. Comparisons. S. concinnus Hall. In this Helderbergian and Dalhousie form we have a shell of like proportions but with much more elevated ventral beak and broader cardinal area, more abundant plication, 10 to 12, greater width of fold and sinus and extended projection of the 4 sinus on the anterior margin. 118 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM This is the only American shell which affords satisfactory basis for comparison. I am here again indebted to Professor Kayser and Dr Drevermann for affording facilities and suggestion for comparison with European species of the early Devonic. S. arduennensis Schnur [see Schnur. Brachiopoden der Eifel ; Palaeontographica. 1854. 3: 199, pl. 32, fig. 3; Kayser. Fauna des Haupt- quarzits. 1889. p.33,spl.2, fig. ‘14 pl Vo) igs 3); spl: 125 fess). 16; fig. 1-9 |. This species with which I was at first disposed to identify the shells in hand is usually of small extended form with a very regularly convex ventral valve and broadly rounded plications. Though distinct in outline and con- tour it often represents the aspect in external and internal surface of 5 ey mumid is. Si, edie cihiema *Kayser||isae ny ser. Fauna d. aeltest. Devon-Ablag. des Harzes. 1878. p.165, pl. 22, fig. 1, 2]. This is a very large species but its smaller expressions, of which I have specimens from the Kellerswald, are like S. cymindis in degree of pli- cation, though here it is the second rather than the first pair of lateral plications that dominates the rest. The ventral valve is uniformly convex but the umbo is not strongly arched. S. nerei Barrande [as identified by Walther]. Specimens from the upper Coblentzian of Marburg very like this shell in general aspect are somewhat more numerously plicated but a distinctive feature lies in the very long dental plates such as are present in S. lateincisus. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Spirifer cymindis var. sparsa Clarke Plate 30, figures 12-14 Spirifer cymindis var. sparsa Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.257 Associated with S. cymindis and quite as abundant, is a shell dis- tinguished in gross by its sparser plication. Our material here presents us chiefly with a series of internal casts in which there are some differences of expression, noted in particular in the following enumeration : 1 S%ze. The shells are of medium size, uniformly approaching S. arduennensis and S. cymindis in dimensions. Differences in size and age are expressed on the internal cast by a clearer definition in the younger and thinner shelled examples. 2 Outline and contour. The marginal outline is subtriangular, the hinge being long and sometimes extended at the angles, the lateral margins rather directly convergent. The ventral valve is elevated at the beak, the cardinal area being rather high and curved, and the median part of the shell elevated. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 11g Surface. The median sinus has a width of from two to two and one half lateral furrows, its sides being highly divergent, sloping abruptly to the bottom which is sometimes quite sharp. The primary plications are con- spicuous and elevated. On the sides there are four, rarely five, plications, in extreme cases greatly subordinated to the median ones and separated by broad furrows. ‘The sculpture of the surface consists of rather coarse and moderately distant concentric lines which may become lamellose. 4 Interwor. The dental plates are asin S. cymindis. The muscle scar of the ventral valve is deeply impressed and sharply defined, specially in old shells where the test is thickened in the umbonal region. The removal of this thickened shell leaves internal casts with a prominent muscle area, the surfaces adjoining which are pustulose. There is no median septum in this valve. In young shells the ribs are sharp on the internal cast but are rounder on old shells. The features here summarized constitute an expression not represented in the Appalachian faunas and so far as we can ascertain not exactly reproduced in the Coblentzian. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Spirifer aroostookensis Clarke Plate 30, figures 5, 9; pl. 34, figures 6-16 See p. 143 Spirifer aroostookensis Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.258 This shell is characterized by its broad, flat ribs with very narrow- radial furrows, in which respect it is remarkably similar to S. mesastri, alis Hall of the Upper Devonic (Ithaca group) of New York. Of these lateral ribs there are 10 to 12 on each side and each of the large ones bears a slight furrow along its flat top. The median fold is relatively narrow and not highly elevated. The shell is short-hinged and rotund in form. The surface is covered with close concentric fimbriate lines which bend back- ward at the middle of each sulcated rib. I have seen but a single dorsal valve of this interesting species but its differential characters are very distinct. As noted on page 143 of this volume, this species has proven to be common in recently discovered outcrops of the Oriskany in New York. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Spirifer macropleuroides Clarke Plate 30, figures 3, 4 Spirifer macropleuroides Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.259 The Chapman Plantation fauna carries a representative of the Radiati or group of Spirifer plicatellus in a species which has the aspect 120 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM of a small Sp. macropleura Conrad,’ an extreme expression of the form presented by S. togatus Barrande and variety subsinuata A. Roemer ;* the first from ‘the New Scotland Helderbergian of New York and the others from the lowest Devonic of the Hartz and Bohemia. In S. macropleuroides the shell is more sharply plicate than in the others, the plications being two or three in number on each side of the median fold or sinus. Neither of the latter is extremely developed, being broad and regularly rounded; the lateral plications are strong and broad, evenly rounded and with narrow grooves. The surface is covered with very fine longitudinal striae. The shell is distinct from S. macro- pleura in its smaller size and stronger plications, in which respect it is the most progressed of all the three forms above mentioned. Locality, Edmunds Hill. Cyrtina cf. heteroclita Defrance and varia Clarke Locality. ‘Edmunds Hill. Meristella sp. There are apparently two species of Meristella present, one having the general aspect of M. laevis Hall (Helderbergian) the other much more elongate and narrow with an extremely long median septum on the dorsal valve. The material is meager and does not justify a further attempt at identification. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Nucleospira cf. elegans Hall ss Cf. Nucleospira elegans Hall. Palaeontology of New York. 1859. 3: 222, pl. 283 fig. 10-15 An occasional specimen suggests this Helderbergian species. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Chonetes aroostookensis Clarke Plate 30, figures 20-25 Chonetes aroostookensis Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.264 Shell transversely Ue length to width as two to three, hinge line straight, making almost the full width of the shell; cardinal angles 90 degrees or a little more, the lateral margins expanding gently outward for a very short distance ; lateral margins direct at first then broadly ‘Hall: Palaeontology of N. Y. Be 3:302, pl. 27, fig. ra-p; pl. 28, fig. 8a-d. Hall & Clarke. did. v. 8, pt 2, pl. 2, hign2 2 Kayser. Aelt. Devon-Ablag. a Harzes. pl. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 121 curved to the anterior margin which is transverse. Ventral valve gently and quite uniformly convex, somewhat depressed to the cardinal angles. Cardinal area carrying a row of spines, five in number on each side of the beak, the outer ones attaining considerable length. Surface markings con- sisting of fine threadlike radii increasing rapidly by bifurcation, the striae and intervening grooves being of subequal size. There are three or four of these in 1 mm. A notable feature is the predominant size of the median stria on this valve. There are also suggestions of concentric or oblique undulation near the cardinal extremities. The surface sometimes shows a broad undefined depression with others at the side which may produce a gently undulated surface. This, however, is not a persistent feature. The dorsal valve is concave and on the interior shows a small bifurcate cardinal process flush with the cardinal area. The sockets and socket walls rest on a greatly thickened ridge just within the hinge line and subparallel to it. This notable ridge has an abrupt posterior slope leading down to the muscular area which is divided by three short and divergent ridges. Dimensions. The average example has a length of 16 mm, width of 23 mm. In seeking comparison of this very well defined species with allied forms we may note the following : With Chonetes canadensis Billings of the Grande Greve fauna, it is more closely related than with any other, in outline and proportions. Like that it carries a conspicuous median stria. But the species are not to be confounded; C. aroostookensis isa stouter and heavier shell with a much coarser surface striation and a more convex ventral valve. It is less delicate and tenuous and never attains the notable dimensions of that species. With C. nova-scoticus Hall from the Arisaig series of Nova Scotia, it agrees in the development of the median stria but the resemblance there ceases. Chonetes latus v. Buch as identified by Sowerby from the Tilestones of Horeb Chapel, with which it has been com- pared, has not even remote relation with it. Davidson long ago pointed out that most of the Silurian Chonetes which had been referred to C. latus are identical with C. striatellus Dalman but he specially excepted the forms from Horeb Chapel. Neither the one nor the other presents any features for comparison here, the Tilestones shell being small, convex and minutely striate. C.sarcinulatus Schloth., from the Spiri- ferensandstein and other horizons of the Coblentzian is somewhat similar in form but is more evenly striate, without large median stria and is notably convex. Schnur’s variety of this species, planus, from the same beds is little known but appears to be a shell of less width. Of all the species of early Devonic age, C. falklandicus, Morris and Sharpe’ presents the closest similarity though of smaller size and t Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc. 1846. 2:274, pl. 10, fig 4. 122 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM rather less subrectangular outline. One might with reason regard the Aroostook species a varietal expression of C. falklandicus. This species has been recently identified in the Bokkeveld beds of Cape Colony and figured by Reed’ and these figures also show a narrower shell than that under discussion though attaining its full dimensions. Locality. Common at Edmunds Hill. Since describing the species as above I have received by courtesy of Dr E. H. L. Schwarz specimens of C. falklandicus from Montague, Cape Colony and on comparison of these with C. aroostookensis I find the differences above suggested fully expressed. The species are very closely related, both in size and matters of detail but the more elongate rectangular outline of the latter stands as a distinguishing character. Chonetes paucistria Clarke Plate 30, figures 26, 27 Chonetes paucistria Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.266 This is a rare shell associated with the foregoing, distinguished there- from by the fewer and coarser striae, barely more than one half the number in C, aroostookensis, increase therein arising from implantation near the margins. The outline also is not subrectangular but subelliptical, the greatest width at the hinge and the margins converging quite rapidly in a broad curve. These differences are expressed in our figures. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Anoplia nucleata Hall This spineless chonetid, characteristic of the Oriskany and Decewville faunas, is not uncommon at Edmunds Hill. Stropheodonta cf. magniventer Hall See pt 1, p. 184 There are fragments of a convex Stropheodonta bearing very long divaricator scars in the ventral valve, reaching almost to the margin, These suggest the species cited. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Leptaena rhomboidalis Wilckens See pt 1, p. 183; pt 2, p. 45 Characteristic examples of this species of medium size only, occur at Edmunds Hill. ‘An. South African Mus. 1903... v. 4, pt 3, p.169, pl. 20, fig. 9, 10. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 123 Leptostrophia magnifica Hall protype parva Clarke Plate 31, figures 5-9 See pt 1, p. 190 Leptostrophia magnifica Hall var. parva Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.274 This shell may be best expressed in terms of the widespread L. per- plana Conradand L. blainvillii Billings, for it approaches these in all general features. 1 The surface striae, fine, threadlike and crowded, exhibit some diver- sity of size in early growth and this becomes intensified later so that about the margins there is ‘either an inclination to irregular swelling or to fascicu- lation, the latter at times being quite pronounced. These are characters of Leia bicas not of lees perplana. Concentric wrinkles on the shell are altogether absent. 2 The cardinal area is denticulate to its extremities though narrow and but slightly cross striated ; the delthyrium is open. 3 The muscle scars are not greatly divergent but, as in L. mag- nifica, are contracted at the beginning though they extend more than halfway across the shell. The shell is essentially a diminutive expression of L. magnifica, its fundamental structure being quite in harmony with it and its lesser variety tardifi from the Percé rock. In our material an occasional specimen indicates the presence of individuals larger than these we have figured. Dr Drevermann, after examination of these specimens, finds this shell closely approaching L. explanata Sowerby of the Coblentzian though that shell attains more nearly the dimensions of L. magnifica and has flatter rather than threadlike striae on the surface. Locality. "Edmunds Hill. When we undertake a comparison with the Leptostrophias of the early Devonic which we have here considered, L. magnifica Hall (Oriskany and Grande Gréve), L. magnifica tullia Billings (Perce) Ee tard Clarke (Perce) 1. magnifica parva Clarke (Chapman Plantation) with the prevailing Leptostrophia of the Coblentzian, L. explanata Sow., it is evident that we are dealing with essentially like quantities. It would be less difficult to express the last named in terms of any one of the others than in terms of them all. The original figure of this species [Geol. Trans. 2 ser. 1842, v. 6, pl. 38, fig. 15] is ‘the clearest possible expression of the ventral interior of a rather small form of L. m agnifica, hence of var. tullia or practically var. parva. That the species attains greater dimensions and broader muscle scars is evinced by Schnur’s’ and tBrach. d. Eifel, pl. 39, fig. 6. 124 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Kayser's* figures. There is no stable specific difference herein. All are expressions, with slight divergence and local persistence, of the L. expla- nata type. Orthothetes (Schuchertella) cf. deformis Hall Plate 31, figures 1-4 See Orthis deformis Hall. Palaeontology of New York. 1859. 3: 174, pl. 15, fig. 3 Orthothetes deformis Hall & Clarke. Jdid. 8: 255 A very much distorted species of this genus with short hinge line, broad, much elevated cardinal area, similar in "aspect to, though of “smaller size than the species cited. This shell is known from a half dozen ventral valves all highly rugose, especially on the earlier parts of the shell, and some showing a large cicatrix of attachment which must have continued to comparatively late “growth, Even the strongly developed deltidium is affected by the irregular growth. The surface of these valves is sharply and closely striated. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Hipparionyx minor Clarke Plate 31, figures 16-22 Hipparionyx minor Clarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.278 The recognized distinction between the genera Hipparionyx and Ortho- thetes or Schuchertella lies chiefly in the orthoid form of the former and its very short hinge line. In respect to this character the specimens before us are pronounced. The ventral valves, small in comparison with those of H. proximus, havea short and low cardinal area, but in the dorsal valves the hinge line is apparently longer than correspondence with the opposite valve requires and these valves convey the impression of a straight and tolerably long line extending more than one half the width of the shell. On examination of the inner surface of this valve it is seen that this area is really short and confined to the apical part of the valve while the extended extremities are a thin expansion of the lateral parts of the valve which make a rather sharp turn at the cardinal angles. There is other divergence in the shell away from the type of Hippariony x and toward that of Ortho- thetes as represented by such shells as Stre ptorhynchus umbra- culum Schlotheim and its variant expressions, In further detail, the ventral valve is subcircular or transverse with strongly defined and thickened adductor and divaricator scars. These are not, however, as large as in H. proximus. The beak is convex and slightly elevated but the rest of the valve is depressed or flat with a ten- dency to turn up about the margin and with indications of a broad and low *Fauna d. Hauptquarzits, pl. 21, 22, fig. 1. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 125 median fold. The striae are sharply elevated, increase very rapidly by implantation and on the cardinal slopes curve forward, out and back, in very characteristic manner. Very fine concentric lines are visible in the intervals between the striae. The dorsal valve is highly convex, the beak is not prominent, the convexity is generally uniform with slightly depressed cardi- nal slopes and sometimes a trace of a median groove. On the interior is a strong bifid cardinal process and a short median septum. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Dalmanella drevermanni Clarke Plate 31, figures 10-12, 14, 15 Cf. Orthis tectiformis Walther. Neues. Jahrb. fiir Min. Beil. Bnd 17, 1903. p.164, pl. 3, fig. 4 a-c Orthis circularis Sow. mut. postuma Frech. Lethaea Paleozoica. 1897. v. 2, pl. 24 b, fig. 8. om. nud. Orthis circularis Sow. D’Archiac & deVerneuil. Geol. Soc. Lond. Trans. 1842. v. 6, pl. 38, fig. 12 (von auctorum) Orthis subcarinata Hall. Palaeontology of New York. 1859. 3: 169, pl. 12, fig. 4-21 Dalmanella drevermanni Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 107. 1907. p.286 This shell, the only one of its type in the fauna, is essentially a diminu- tive expression of Orthis subcarinata Hall of the New Scotland beds. It has affiliations, however, with other species, as cited above but the conditions of its occurrence oblige us to regard the form as wholly mature ; though with reference to others its expression is immature. The exteriors of our shells indicate fine and somewhat unequal striation, with rapid multi- plication of the sharp riblets, an almost flat dorsal valve with low broad median depression and a medially elevated ventral valve with broad not acute keel. It is closely similar to Orthis tectiformis Walther, as cited, from the upper Coblentzian of the Haiger. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Orthis sp. Plate 31, figure 13 Valves are present, but imperfectly retained, of a small Orthis having an aspect quite unlike any species of the Appalachian province. Professor Kayser has called my attention to the close similarity of expression in this shell and the Orthis personata Zeiler of the Siegen greywacke, [.See for illustration, Kayser. Beitr. zur Kenntn. d. Fauna d. Siegen. Grauwacke: Jahrb. d. kénigl. preuss. geol. Landesanst. 1892. pl. 11-12} That is a uniformly larger species with rounder outline and I presume when this Maine shell is better known it will prove a specific departure from that somewhat peculiar orthid type. Locality. Edmunds Hill. 126 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Orthis sp. Cf. Orthis dorsoplana Frech. Lethaea Paleozoica. 1897. v. 2. pl. 23a, fig. 3 There are a few casts of ventral valves which have an unusually high cardinal area and open delthyrium bearing the contour of O. tecti- formis except that this is exaggerated by the elevation of the beak. Indeed the aspect of the valve is almost that of Orthisina. Into com- parison with this form may be brought the species cited above, from the upper Coblentzian of Haiger. Locality. Edmunds Hill. Orthis sp. nov. There are several internal casts of dorsal valves which are remarkable for their unusual aspect, viz, great length of hinge, deeply sulcate median region, divergent sockets and large muscle scars. The general outline of the shell is leptaenoid. The surface is radially striate. I have not ventured to identify these shells. Locality, Edmunds Hill. Orbiculoidea cf. ampla Hall and siegenensis Kayser Plate 31, figures 23, 24 This is a large species with elevated brachial valve which occurs freely but bears no distinguishing characters from the forms above cited, the former from the Oriskany of New York, the latter from the Siegen grey- x Sees) = wacke. Of the latter Kayser remarks [Jahrb. d. kénigl. preuss. geol. Landesanst. 1890. p.g5, pl. 9, fig. 1, 2]: “I am acquainted with no spe- cies in the rhenish Devonic, at least in the Lower Devonic, which can be confounded with this. In fact there is only one Devonic Discina known to me which is in any way comparable in form and size. This is J. Hall’s Discina grandis [ampla]| from the Oriskany sandstone.” Locality. Presque Isle stream. Polypora cf. celsipora Hall See Palaeontology of New York. 6:150, pl. 41, 42 Localities. Edmunds Hill. Very common in the Onondaga limestone of the Appalachian province. Hindia sp. Locality. Edmunds Hill. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 127 DISTRIBUTION OF THE CHAPMAN FAUNA | = | - | cs 2 a Hi] iz |S @ || 8 | g SPECIES | te NEO i ae teamleoe tees eee SMe mall eee alt her le Sec| etl ee ead BV Eo as ee lee pega cele |b a aq || Se |) AS) ial lla Asterolepis clarkii Kastman...........|..... ba BR rial haart leas ed Socal eco Nar SpInOnbistsp eas et nem western 5 Gerla ene se lee be tex Aye P| eee al] Bee Homalonotus vantixemil EGU. 62s. .-\ee.. x bool eae Blob ae iN east epee Pingeoyes Gi, Wort Jal ss pone auoeeno snore: Be x lex le =F eueiiseo! homers] rsh Oke P. (Phacopidella) nylanderi Clarke.....)..... giles 2) | eect he boeee haroiel areal oral brs nase Dalmanites cf. micrurus (Green)....:..)..... xe Kip (| ce same [Cease Wate se eee lee re eee Beyrichia kloedeni McCoy var.?...... lease all scarey sce S| heen ell eee ees | ea 2 (ere |e 1B}. @ouilina, VIG = ochcoosobocoseepne NaS ok Ss HIRO) Albee Wee to fn lpeolice eat Orthoceras norumbegae Clarke........|..... camille a Beltaeals ec Rell’ cBlls- ow < |e seseeleaeehoes Demaicallives Geli SE HON Os ~ segadteoeel| 85. IIlbcedloooclo aoe he aaeel tele Heeceares||Peod.< Conmikrney Gis toring Jel eo coon eesc) 2° locas 5 lWiscrtella pase feanee |secdallebceskc|e- oarens Plectonotus cf. derbyi Clarke......... x Steg l|rsace halts Ses, Bill parece) area bee peeve, peaks Tropidodiscus obex Clarke........... eee 8 || ce ae = |e es ces coal ame |e ee Coelidium’ tenue Clarke... .2.-...-4-- FA Seales eepseell lee el tel Sc aiP eae eer Eotomaria hitchcocki Clarke.......... (rexces [ues AVS chlls Rael eee teat llag mel acer Holopea beushauseni Clarke.......... lees “Ie a lilo rt Blleseteeel lS oie 2 Leesa x Platyceras leboutillieri Clarke......... Page| 5S. 5 lllevecs El aiaaere [Pex ara ll ellen Betebes Glarke en) es bus o. Recipe blir Perales eed eeeele alteres P. kahlebergensis Beushausen.........\..... Seon | ep yale S| eee ee | x Voxonemasp. cj tunatuna Al Roemer. |... 4\) Hesse ele eelees: x Pterinea cf. fasciculata Goldjuss....... ie Wee aati FS el comea be alias Nee eae x IP). ieewohie INS (CieidePecovuaaveckodrouc act 5S Meas ial | Pa ovens Gl latte leche pC AE dell aren ge Pexichapmani Glankeeeer ms syne eee pa lance horeueeal (a tote! (erect ieee ieee ea cbra PedimundiClarkcmen eee ae ee Been ||* 3S Ville pe tilosclo alls ase Se tte eats. c Gir: Soloman GUeisden oasavcouces. ane Ieee Vise ll eal a aia eae ats peatirisau Clarice iat e, kirecR ees ely eo lag ae meat wily vale a clita Seal keeme etc ea EES Ree eat Sts a aA ke a tl Wants Ob cea eee lee Alleles | + Piccola pomassles Clee. cossnasch 38 Waahsulllhanellonoaleeccllenccle ocalescclowect Pterinopecten aroostooki Clarke.......)..... lioasxcwrir |feveee als fe eel oer = eee Myalina pterinaeoides Clarke......... x | me Stal ales at lle, 9 /ace taeeWenesl Aces oll met seiko | ++ Modiomorpha vulcanalis Clarke.......)..... beret Mee eosll artoeal la ae Nese a ME protearGlarkeaens «Amaia. seme ot peat Were, ley eae [skola 1k 4 aril ae WLS Aves 58% chee ee aint ese ES Rope CREE E enteral |e ND aa eperer eae MCR ailnedes Neccdertiliseceattis Grammysia modiomorphae Clarke.....)..... Seal Wee Elie cretel eect URE rat ee | + OTe ie ALE lL ai cepe OMe HMR Boa een reread cee leach aire See Whakatane lip eel Selle arte fy Pes Beptodomus) commimis Olarkene a eee eS \ae ein I efeate-c Ihsan |eerateter Repent pant lento 1, COMMIGENIIS, (CUHATZ. ooh cine cdocde coor Dalles Biel | eres eeeichal a Bl ake Resear ies| eocnon el lancnareke Palaeoneilo orbignyi Clarke........... berms Patel | te etl betas ee aa [eehsee loa eer IP. MONIES CUE. ccocensveocepenst be Alea cera |e Wie alee |e A Wee eal ee Ieuvernncciliis: QUeilaas 5 suesne bb.0o0e0008 ¢ sKealy| ape bevel] eater le Oba IPN wn eee eels cine EES Pita Pa Wei sree each I Se eta Rep il teeveetal ete Al eyes alee el eratere ler (pear Nuculites cf. oblongatus Conrad and | | | ellipticus Maurer). 0 s.lcmasns «15 lie aa: 5a eee bat NFatsotess| ate Pirates lie | + 128 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM DISTRIBUTION OF THE CHAPMAN FAUNA (continued) = ilpenrdy | @ ¢ | & | a] 2 oe : SPECIES a 3 || 8 Sa nerve ce 3 < 5 5 | 8 g s ss % Fy § SOW emelicota|ieses | lle Ml goal aaa aes ay Q es fe) B ) = QA 3 Nucula cf. krachtae A. Roemer........ lls sesusye Ream | eres | a seri Aeon a eal Eee aia Palaeosolen cj. simplex Maurer........ Se pa ee eee | ces SPotate' [gs Stl echelon | laenote eee < Cypricardellars pepe fee eeeecee eee ee 5 all asec herescexfol leo the eeeoicnall aegrees eects eyes cote sts Conocardium cj. inceptum Hall.......|..... presen 5c Peeper egenaee| [eects 2] Pe om Kegea Camarotoechia dryope (Billings)......)..... 5 deel ei al edaliag| Oe BI ne deal em Me ae Ma GSS per es Pek eee Rk Ae ieee cries mele yt ae bee Mecca | arog: Bile an ce wa ML elle ied a Rensselaeria atlantica Clarke......... x De ieeed A RIG ape eh bl aa TCT Uh Rea scr posta tis seein eer ERE OE Ceo ee o-cell FeAl eateae a Dee Ieee tata aoe | eee Spirifer subcuspidatus Schnur v. late- INCISUSHS Ci Pia nee re cere eerie: Der Aileen Bees Ke ree ogi eee eae eee SieymiundisnGlanvemepear sarees eiena sealer ee BEY Neste Wane ara latese tars teyeree eee eae US pansay Clarke aa: eyegt ae Behe rorya sed 5 ee | sear Raters fate, Seal tice ol howe creel lt «es Sraroostookensis) Glavke-cb- se see 5: Ire: eat sh NR PI: cee ol] Kuali ILL all a | La S: macropleuroides Clarke... ...2.2..\-. 5. x stpa lleuhyeral aes eScll seat [Pepe acs | Oe Poel ape eae C. cf. heteroclita Defrance and varia | GLO EC ee US Or: Fe ER ee ten sla See eh al heeeteal ieee 2 Pehl eh Alka Real tetera Mieristelllats Divin- Seu. c cptac.at acruemees waists Ko alice aeel loess anise [seewsnel fam theste|[ ata llnae sore Nucleospira cf. elegans Hall.......... x SoA) Xen dseceslingees Al cate ees earns |e are Chonetes aroostookensis Clarke........|..... ER a| | eeees ca | eee | eee False Sam tes ee a Va Cipaucistriay Clarkes ameter eile > Samal tesco al seen eel 8 eases |e seis aceece eet er Anoplia mucleata Halley. ca vase nee Alec Seoul eco len (Seek eal arse leet eo ll eee Stropheodonta cf. magniventer Hall...|..... Keg | Peeseccmell Sellers me ep | eee lames all Benner Leptaena rhomboidalis Wilckens......|..... el, Sie oe X OE |e exon ee Leptostrophia magnifica Hall prot. parva GHan Rens hess svete cesar Gaeta Ae cee aloe ale 5 aN keel Ome ll ote Weeek lle me allen: We Orthothetes (Schuchertella) cf. deformis | LERCH Nn tere wily CA NORA a repos Fae Ooeia Eee ees ee Ke Li || Hae I hcesaeaee||leoisectral okctyew ell Rees eyes eles Hippanonyximinor Olarkenn aes soe ole sy. YS ee ees earaeen (erage Net al eee ltrs el leroy te Dalmanella drevermanni Clarke.......]..... + tl ele [poe Re Dee ee i Oxthisisp es mer cise reece or x | oft OSS Dicpete: atng dia) ote che ore eyes evaere Mn ereTONe | Sees”. 5 hoe llega Tyee Stel tomcat eee letersi OSSPe OU Re Soe le nares Beta l|| cake ne [ished ie esc ep tetany el me | ee Orbiculoidea cf. ampla Hall and siegen- } EMSS LGA SCIe tte te lela P ter er Ke oe coe Wee lees aly goatee lee epee act Roly poraej. celsipora dally soso Daan oeegae Peeal leneecra [eel lokimcllaecee ly aera e Rolin divensspe Manes crayrpascl recto cece enero eet iees Sc ee | PRO Gal ate aici. pecs rehome seenct on ive an 73|24 (1)|52 sali (3)|8 (2)} x {5 (4)/6 (2)]2 (3)I7 Gs) EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 129 THE, EAREYSDEVONIC IN EASTERN NEW: YORK When Professor Hall was elaborating the paleontology of the Helder- berg and Oriskany formations, the development of these rocks in the Appa- lachian region of New York south of the Helderberg mountains did not contribute materially to his stores. The outcrops in this region had been delineated with approximate accuracy by Mather, but in all his paleon- tological work in New York Hall seldom got far away from the undisturbed rocks of the central and western districts of the State to which he was early wedded. Work was later done in this Appalachian region by N. H. Darton and by Dr Heinrich Ries. The latter constructed a map and report of Orange county recording interesting data in regard to details of stratigraphy without attempting close analyses on the basis of paleontology. In these instructive but somewhat involved eastern sections entangled in Appalachian folding, the arenaceous deposits of the Lower Devonic have generally passed as “ Oriskany” and the calcareous beds beneath as ‘‘ Lower Helderberg,” designations which are no longer accurate or adequate. Since 1890 these regions have been given careful study at certain points and the succession of the faunas closely analyzed. The first of these special studies was that of the Oriskany fauna of Becraft mountain, the sole outlier of this stage east of the Hudson river. This was followed in the year 1903 by two important contributions, one by Dr Stuart Weller on the Paleozozc Rocks and Faunas of New Jersey in which he discussed the sections at the entrance of the western or Port Jervis-Otisville branch of the divided paleozoics of eastern New York and those further south in his own state ; another by Prof. Gilbert van Ingen and P. E. Clark on the Desturbed Fossiliferous Rocks in the Vicinity of Rondout, N. Y. |Mus. Bul. 69] in which all the precise determinations were made by Mr van Ingen. In 1904 Prof. H. W. Shimer published the paleontology of the section at Port Jervis known as Trilobite mountain [Upper Siluric and Lower Devonic Faunas of Trilobite Mountain, Orange County, N. Y.; Mus. Bul. 80]. Prof. George H. Chadwick has recently brought together the results 130 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM of some further examinations, made for the State Museum, of the sections at Rondout and southward into Greene county with the especial aim of elucidating the composition of that element of the Helderbergian group known as the Port Ewen fauna, and though these results have not been put in final form I have availed myself of the author’s permission to refer to some of his determinations. More lately the progress of field work has developed a quite novel aspect of the Oriskany fauna in sections at High- land Mills, Orange county, in an area on the east of Skunnemunk mountain where the presence of these rocks nad not before been accurately deter- mined. This section with its contents will presently be noticed, but it is desirable just here to summarize our present knowledge of the earlier or Port Ewen fauna. Port Ewen beds. To rehearse briefly the history of this stratigraphic unit, these are a series of thin limestones and gray lime shales which, in the Appalachian region of New York and New Jersey, lie immediately on the Becraft limestone, bear the lithic character of the New Scotland lime shale and carry a large percentage of Helderberg fossils. It is a division not recog- nized by the early geologists of New York in their partition of the ‘ Lower Helderberg” and it is entirely absent from the succession west of Schoharie. Its earliest recognition as a distinct unit was by Prof. W. M. Davis who in discussing the structure of the Little Mountains east of the Catskills [Appa- lachia'3. 1882; Am. Jour. Sci. 1883. ser. 3, 26: 389] termed these rocks whose position he determined as above the Becraft limestone the ‘ Upper shaly beds” contrasting them in this designation with the “ Catskill or Del- thyris shaly limestone” below. Professor Davis did not attempt to delimit the beds and did actually, according to Professor Chadwick, include in his division some part of the “ Upper Pentamerus” (Becraft) limestone. Ina joint publication with Professor Schuchert [Science. 1899; also in N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 3. 1900] the writer recognized the distinct unit character of these beds and termed them the “ Kingston beds,” later [Handbook 19, 1903] substituting for this term which proved to have been previously employed by the Canadian geologists for a quite different formation, the name Port Ewen EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 131 beds. These writers regarded this unit as pertaining to the Helderbergian group. In Memoir 3 the thickness of these beds was given in a section at Rondout measured by Messrs van Ingen and Ruedemann as 225 feet and a fauna was determined which contained only species of the Helderbergian units beneath, These determinations are indicated in the summary list of the fauna given below. The distinctive characters of the Port Ewen forma- tion in this section have been excellently described by van Ingen [N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 69] and he too in his species list cited no fossils which could be regarded as other than surviving Helderberg species. Mr Chad- wick’s field of observation has covered not only this but a more extended region southward. His studies involve a reexamination of the type section with additional sections at Cottekill, on Catskill creek and elsewhere. He has brought together a list of the leading species in the basal beds of the Port Ewen formation in which he has determined not only a much larger number of species than before known, but among them finds a noteworthy percentage of species that may be regarded as normal to the calcareous or Becraft Oriskany. Various others have been recognized as passing upward from the Helderbergian into this Oriskany and in his close analyses of the assemblage Mr Chadwick points out its decadent condition as a Helderberg fauna. Mr Chadwick’s studies have not as yet extended to the exact determination of the higher faunas. Mr Shimer’s determinations of the Port Ewen fauna at Port Jervis include the species Spirifer murchi- soni, Meristella lata, forms entirely diagnostic of the Becraft Oriskany. The following table presents the sum of our present knowledge of the Port Ewen fauna, the letters before each name indicating the responsible authority for the determinations (C=Clarke, Ch=Chadwick, G=Grabau, S=Shimer, V=van Ingen) and indicates the range of the species from the Helderbergian below and upward into the Oriskany; also their representa- tion in the eastern Atlantic faunas of this time. 132 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM a | S Fi | 3 é > PORT EWEN FAUNA allies eae 5 eal eseelera aa aan S| oleae lee! ules I 2 3 4 5 Annelids | CV Set: Mentaculites elongatus mil alse respawn x [fee | ex Trilobites GViseraree Ceratocephalantuberculata (Goria) acerii eee peters Sl artes ie cee leet |e GVi eae DalmanrtesspleunoptyxG7ee he tential nese SRSA! Sees co leach lee ome Weiss SW e Ss whe Walmianttesysp yh ese ete seat ons teeas te ee ee ae WeereielOeentt lemea-rd le teae one CVE bore Homalonotus \anuxemt ial A. 5 ane nce ree 5 Gyles Apres Vcc baveNae | Sees CVs hacopswlog amin cla! meas Wisse event tre eran ser 5 fees ucealeoce hse Gastropods | Geet k Orthoniychiavcf, tortuosa, Hallas a ee eae, Perel estcrlligs cece Pelecypods CSiVax aes Cypricardimiadamiellosay VEG mrt ae rere dee BC oul| lore eee lotrel eee Brachiopods GRR Camarotoechia acutiplicata Hiall. = 225-2 .5- 42-6! ard [teers (Brel saiseeseell apa Cie aes: Uniciniuluisvalbriptusw igi aren oacvet arak ee sean ence [ex es ase a Nor Ae ga CCLV See UE can pbellantts! er allaenns ee eer ae ohne ae: pice trees hielo csec lS Sad CVierey ae Witsmnutailisg weal sor etewy rc custssoboiceoers cane et [ieekceall ice ail Gap se exc oes Claes (Weimobilisne all Werth ore. a iae matey ic a ines a aa Ieee geal eteall cee ieee Chika ee Wis royaczhaniGlennbics VekoHh Ts, stis-o da. cad ado Gob oeolas > O Nos ae Peer ol onion Wetec Chen: Ws.vellicatws VEGly erste esa erin at ee cece meer Sill Seksall laces ite becil (Never (CU eens U2 ventniGosusmidl Ginette weer ere 5 al absent laaieh eel ae CVn ae Matoniasmedialis(Wa71106770)\ ha tect eve uence elec SRA ecco aaa |e ee esx GGUGVes aes peculianis (Gor ad) eer ween een ee ne eee Ve aclo |are es eee Koo x Gidsenia as ld conetellenas (Wack wWLTA On ouvachosoaccddabSonno0s heal lect Itcaeutera tenecoal [okscale (QUI e eo, Anastrophiasyvenneuuili SE QUs% vanes: ie ae ree ere x Wiens eee Chit ern tne Rensselaeria subglobosa Weller.................. Ste hnedeesll Seale Be (Fie co et RE SSD Sone Ra hates AeA MEAS ahh hae IO eign were ass Bato) teovay rel ler ar eera| easaayryl eee Glyn ener Beachtasswessanay ally cat a-'s terres a ene) ae S Preis Wlurynes || aesietsl eres x (C) nee eens Mecalanterisiovalis AlalR aia geri ce cle eel > Far aA ERO| amr ero tone oh Dh k al let eal eee oeeetsl (eons Seas Shy Wahuhgelabiyenabl (COMI TATOH GS ln hh S Aamo wa onOaoo es Kesiorare irerrtal kainate 6 || 3x CGC Va oA: iperlamellosus cial] Menten fea tatcheasel (ite heal he Saal lhe -c Giyasinee Cyitimasrostrata ve Glee sere trie eee ore ne [ferienel|tesrorc|| Meera] meant we EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 133 g S : 5 I & 2 é > PORT EWEN FAUNA set lnes 3 2 5 = a = g a melitatalieg al. O10 |)6 T 2 3 4 5 (Gi ony oe Miemistellllaietoel ere ici ate eee veer peu lerarey ee onaetucetaet aun Dremel ea (GGA Aer at ea CAS ENC eto ee) bel ha Sakae Coe Ee See eee ale Byte) eas See eae eo Ua eye, ARUCHIES OR A. Rank Peale Pie eae Rl ne eat alenucragl ello Uistinen Sereda. Glos eo cen ME SOMOS OS cl Ch + ras Rb ae. b bt > ype picels b ex SEES Odx Cie aret woe Miviascullantcly Glance arcs ee ha) oe Metsiee Ata cail ey re rar | eres ue x CGN 2 5 UNGAR SEY TO MCUIAIBIS IEC ome be boop bon oe couo 00 Re Be el ge: Cea are eerie louse GGiSi\Vareea Coclospirascomcanycy cial uers) te aa icee ee eae x | etal s ere x Vers Was: Nucleospinayelesams ialim mmr ta eke [aeons al ecm cea raeeeta well tetas Glos nicaen Ne Ventricosa hall sm cas ee onl san seem aa cerns psi Bie 5 Cline Mrematospira pesorata, EGl. ss as wee ae eee pall ect eee Ihren asl hace Gee oa. eptococlianilalelilttess Gorncde snati sers ever reser lier crews eee: paexs x Gee a iiynchospircay torn @ Sailers sen tenes ae 5 Gal aS lo deerallS BOa a ns Glisten Mepiaentscarconcayas ChG)))) eee eee eb: ois ee eee age ie el lee CChGV.. Leptaena rhomboidalis Wilckens................. [ies al perl Sepia ore CGTS Va= ee beptostropinayoecki salle e tae nein e Rie rere a excl | x (CAN SNe Nace pana gniti cam Eiall rey yams: Mod sacra s oe nt ees lanes eA aeaee Beall ess Ge merene enOnislcamian Glankcees ens ere e ete yaaa st reat Seal see alist eke S|] 3 (ESE exten Dem ollevanuilen cay Velor less ops tsickd eictotpeta eine aie cid aaa eler x alle ChG |. OvmtnonlaASeS loew@raitenisis) CuCAae. 5 2bc56000cene20eclncasleoce x x (CLA meta ONwvoolworthamtse eC pease eters scree ae x | Melee ||Peeees (GLEE ees [Biireavslonyjorntorey wimeOrr (GUC. cacuals oud snc otenboone|scw sions Xe || SSP eS Clie eee: 18}, GelauolclMeswzhatban (Olona, oc owacpumop oe nie oo aos IPosse-ay [Sesto aaa x SWGs earn: Strophonella leavenworthana Hall............... |x eaaex CGLS\Ve ee Se punchuliteras(Gomad) perenne see ke: . < Gime oee Schizophonapmutltistriata alle sae ae Fags al rajesh lentes Chere. Rintpidomelllarciseusip allen area te ie eee 5 cll Soe call nemo lel eS [G0 G CGE ee ARGO Vea ayeet len pon cot ke acts order ictehel yo asesPaa Ke ee ees eA ike Sieh aya: Walmanellayconemmaly Gliese nearer erent le Decal eee me Mec ets (GONE teeta Ds perelegans Wel QU) ew acs Saae ssh Ae Mission ee ae Moose coal (u tees oes x CIOIWOS, ho ID), Allenton) JEM eas Son gin es ape one Sando OF Stasis it is x Cue es ID) cofurevalieanach Wallis Une tilts oss Queanrel na ie) Mein Mos eee rplebata clan (eae 2 lees CSV. De sulscanimatar el alle tyr Oa antes aie ots) 2s eo ee 5 |e Gall pacar bere Bese Cua Pineyickoyes Gyyenaviss: AION oa haga oe deo eho toca ee Sel posi ll Bs! I esellec Gite: Craphizh ijellcineiiley, Wel OF (Go eancasonods sonenmou nee boll epepeaal (eae | DG iahyc Siu eae ian erties separ weed tee yon ct tirs, ore Olcrst oeoleyo is clei crarslie 2s PAPE re be er tec eeu een Bryozoa | Swen eaes: Picherncaliartonta il Glimmers set inor veers erie tears aa Sab Alsace eel fact eeeA eRe GA ey Monotiypellaytabulata lalGal rman ee eile Seo reersiar ade lFeetavalltsretore 124 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM = | 2 # o “2 PORT EWEN FAUNA als el ete ace = |2|s g = 5) we b >) x | G | Aoi on eo I 2 3 4 5 Corals Scie ey: Enterolasmianstntettnns (eal) sae eee eee ToS a RRC ee ea eet G Cladoporarapeshy,pleliaa Glare. ona as Ae en eee een re ee ae ees CVA Bees! DuncanellamudiSeGontiyerrs es 4 e eee eeee oo toe tral Payne acre eget Vien ioebavOsites elderbenrpiderGiOll. 1) e eee enn > bles Sl Caneel ben ae CVE Gre: Pleurodictyum lenticulare (Hall)................ [ras Pet Aw she dora a See GV Ree Jee A hang sMinks sxoonotsig Jol ase eco und do SS oo ass 5 kee ot We wes NAC Re oe Sponges COVe Rise imdiasib rosa ANCCHLETatn ce Seine eee eee Snr excea| pecan ae Xe) || 303) pees || BO Not only is the continued predominance of Helderberg species in this summary, combined with the first appearance of Oriskany types, confirma- tory of Professor Chadwick's view that the fauna is the passing phase of the Helderberg but it is in accord with our views of affiliation in the case of such clearly mixed combinations to assert that the presence of the later species indicating a new invasion is a proper index of Oriskany age. Oriskany fauna. Considering now the composition of the more normal Oriskany fauna in this eastern region in the light of newer developments we are presented with the fact that there is yet no intimate distinction in the species from the calcareous beds and those which are distinctively arena- ceous. The limestones of this horizon are all pretty highly impregnated with sand and their weathered parts always afford the best material for study either in the form of silica replacements or sharp external and internal casts in residual sand. The fauna at Becraft mountain reported by Clarke was obtained wholly from weathered residua of sandy limestone. The very fine material obtained at and about Glenerie occurs best as silica replace- ments, often of very remarkable perfection, in pockets filled with the loose sand of rotted limestone, in all respects a parallel occurrence to the fine New York State Museum Memoir 9 Silica replacements of ventral valves of Le Dios troipih aly mac nifica Hall from pockets of decomposed Oriskany limestone at Glenerie, N. Y. Introduced to show the perfection of preservation. The lower figure shows a circular perforation of the shell near the cephalic center of the brachiopod, probably made by the mollusk Diaphorostoma. } RAM eh | ae Las A BIR | a neg aecoal y iA) wa AO A EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 135 Oriskany material from Cumberland, Md. on which Hall based many of his original descriptions. At Pine Hill near Highland Mills the rock is a sand residuum without any calcareous cores even where exposed in a deep rail- road cut, but it evidently has had a considerable lime content. In the Port Jervis section the Oriskany is a black limestone with its fossils in part silici- fied, and this is the character of rock that prevails in the extension of the horizon into New Jersey with sandstones lying at the top. Weller gives the Oriskany a thickness of 170 feet in New Jersey and speaks thus of the rocks: ‘‘ These beds are for the most part silicious limestones, but at the summit of the formation in the southern half of the Wallpack ridge in New Jersey the higher beds are replaced by sandstones. With the southwestern extension of the formation into Pennsylvania the arenaceous facies becomes more and more conspicuous, the sandstones replacing lower and lower beds until the entire Oriskany formation is a sandstone continuous with the Storm- ville sandstone or conglomerate[N. J. Geol. Sur. Rep’t. Pal. 3. 1903. p.g3]. Some authors have been ready to find a basis for subdivisions of the Oriskany in this difference in the character of the sediment. Personally I have not felt constrained by this evidence. In the typical and highly fos- siliferous Oriskany sands of central New York all trace of calcareous deposit is wanting and these sands have transgressed westward on a much eroded bottom of Helderberg limestones. The species of these sands are not particularly common in the more calcareous deposits of the east but none is absent. The western sands are the transgressing shore deposits of a late stage of Oriskany time. Were the limestones and sandstones always present in the eastern sections, even without variation in fauna they would form a stable basis for stratic division, but one or the other may be entirely absent from the section or the relations of the two quite inverted. Dr Weller divides his Oriskany sections into three zones, Mr Shimer the Port Jervis section into two, Mr Chadwick designates the conglomerate beds at the base of the section near Rondout as the “Connelly conglome- rate,” the overlying limestone with its abundant fauna the “ Glenerie lime- stone” and suggests the term “Port Jervis limestone” for Shimer’s lower 136 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM division of the formation. These terms however useful locally must have a very restricted value in view of the rapidity of change of sediment in the oscillating coast line which received these deposits. While such: divisions are practicable, I think we can not yet safely speak of a Lower Oriskany and Upper Oriskany, even in the face of certain paleontological differences indicated by Shimer in the Port Jervis section, the most effective of which is the presence of the trilobite Dalmanites dentatus in the lower zone only. In my memoir of 1900 [p.77| I expressed the view from the information then available, that the fauna of the D. dentatus zone was Helderberg (Port Ewen) age. I am prepared now to withdraw this view and recognize this zone as a proper part of the Oriskany section in accordance with the suggestion of Dr Barrett and the propositions of Messrs Weller and Shimer. Oriskany section at Highland Mills. In order to bring together the composition of the Oriskany fauna as a whole as known in eastern New York outcrops, occasion is taken at this point to discuss the Pine Hill section at Highland Mills, Orange co. This section lies along the new grade of the Erie Railroad just north of Highland Mills station’ and extends somewhat beyond Woodbury Falls station. The succession here is a quite regular but somewhat faulted series constituting the eastern limb of a syncline which bends down beneath the Skunnemunk mountain at the west and comes up on the western slope of that mountain with loss or change of some minor details. Pine Hill is that part of the section constituting the hill just east of the Erie Railroad, which is bounded on both east, north and west sides by branches of the Wood- bury creek which are confluent branches of the Moodna creek. The course of the hill has the general course of the strike of the rocks, ne.-sw. The lowest member of the series is the Cambric which lies or is faulted against the crystallines at the east, and the entire series on this limb of the syncline «The section was first observed by Mr H. C. Wardell who has measured it with care and has collected freely of its fossils. This was possible during the construction of the road but with the completion of the cut access to the rocks has been effectively suspended. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 137 up to and including the Hamilton (Bellvale) shales is cut off at the north by another downthrust against the crystallines, the east branch of the Woodbury creek following this fault line. This section was described by Dr Ries in his Geology of Orange County with approximate accuracy save for the details which better exposures have developed. What is here regarded as Oriskany and Schoharie grit was then indicated as “ Helder- berg” while we can not feel entirely confident that any true Helderberg is exposed. Beginning at the crystallines east of the shallow valley bounding Pine Hill the succession rises in this order : Cambric, (fault), Shawangunk grit, Longwood shales (covered for a thickness of 200’; probably faulted at the top of the Longwood shales as limonites are here developed and contain fossils which appear to belong to the lower part of the Helderberg; in this case the Rondout, Cobleskill and ’ Manlius formations are lost by the faulting), Oriskany, Esopus-Schoharie, (Onondaga; not exposed), Bellvale flags, Skunnemunk conglomerate. g All beds on this eastern limb are apparently conformable and the formations of immediate interest have a strike n. 50° e., dip 60° w. In ascending order these beds are: Thin-bedded silicious sandstone with a few thin 1 inch layers of dark shale interbedded ; these carry traces of plant stipes, similar to those known in the Helderberg of New York and the equivalent St Alban beds of Gaspe aC LOL Werle pedi) mot teed. nema Wom ton ae ae. tetas ie Heavy-bedded yellow silicious residual sandstone carrying fossils nslarce masses) Onskanyyi qin ete a ane eee Tay Thin-bedded compact dark blue sandstone................ 14’ Heavy-bedded sandstone lighter in color, gradually changing upward to coarser grain and becoming pebbly. Fossils abundant in upper layers. These beds represent the Esopus and Schoharie ae Pee 7 eh Foi Geran Gl aclack MOe I ORE Der BEEP Ad NAA ene Aree CRU ane Or ering 8 Se Be The higher layers of the grit are better exposed along the railroad 200 yards northeast of the cut. 138 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM NOTES ON THE ORISKANY FAUNA AT HIGHLAND MILLS Autodetus beecheri Clarke Plate 32, figures 1, 2 See N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 3. rgo0. p. 26, pl. 2, fig. 27-32 1g. This species was described from the Oriskany of Becraft mountain. Tentaculites elongatus Hall Plate 32, figure 8 An Oriskany species, very abundant in these strata and characterized by its simple regular annulations covered with fine concentric lines. Coleolus acus Clarke Plate 32, figures 9-15 Tentaculites ? acus Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Mem. 3. 1900. p.28, pl. 3, fig. 1-7 This shell is represented by long, slender straight or gently curved cones bearing closely appressed oblique concentric striae on the surface. It occurs also in the Oriskany of Becraft mountain. Phacops logani Hall A few heads and tails only. Dalmanites emarginatus Hall Plate 32, figure 3 This species, based upon a fragment from the Schoharie grit of a pygidium of about the same size and character as that here figured, was subsequently found in more complete preservation in the Grande Greve limestones. [See this memoir, pt 1, p.127, pl. 7, fig. 2, 3] Pleurotomaria haedillus nov. Plate 32, figures 32-38 Shell with depressed uniformly sloping whorls and rather shallow sutures, the general form being but slightly turriculate and the total hight less than the basal width. The slit band is conspicuous and elevated on “all whorls above the suture. The evenly sloping upper surface of the whorls bears a series of uniform equal ridges or elevated lines concentric to the stoma which on the lower surface of the body whorl are curved or inter- rupted by one or more low revolving lines. The style of ornament in this species is not greatly unlike that in P. capillaria Conrad of the Ham- ilton shale fauna, though differences are apparent in the less frequently interrupted and knotted revolvi ing lines, the depressed surface and greater EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 139 size. It is one of the rarer species in the fauna, and forms of this type have not been observed in the Oriskany elsewhere. Eotomaria hitchcocki Clarke See p, 100, pl. 23 This shell, described from the Chapman sandstone of Presque Isle stream, Aroostook co., Me., is represented here by a small form with broadly conical regular shape, sloping whorls, slightly thickened and pro- tuberant at the sutures. It is not common. Tropidocyclus brevilineatus (Conrad) Plate 32, figures 4-7 See pt 1, p. 229, pl. 17, fig. 7-16 I have identified in the Gaspé sandstone the Bellerophon brevi- lineatus Conrad as described by Hall from the middle Devonic (Moscow shale) of New York. There is a difference between the Gaspé shell and those illustrated here in the apparent entire absence of the interrupted revolving lines so noticeable in the latter. The shells are very closely allied in all other details of structure and at Highland Mills the species is extremely common. ; Tropidocyclus rotalinea (Hall) Plate 32, figures 23-26 See pt 1, p. 229, pl. 17, fig. 3-6 This second species described from the Hamilton shales of New York was also identified by me in the Gaspé sandstone. The Highland Mills specimens are fully comparable with representatives of the species from the two horizons cited. It is a noteworthy fact that these two species which lent their evidence to confirm the middle Devonic character of the Gaspé sandstone fauna should now appear in the Oriskany of New York. Phragmostoma nitela nov. Plate 32, figures 27-31 Broadly incurved, body whorl thimble shaped, stoma explanate in full growth but quite usually not greatly expanded. Inner whorls buried in a callus which forms a flat transverse platform on the inner lip. Outer sur- face of body whorl often with a broad rather indistinct elevated band near the stoma. Surface as usually preserved, with fine elevated and unequally spaced revolving lines crossed only by the irregular growth wrinkles. The slit band with its retrally curved lines is sometimes well defined but often obscured in later growth. This is an unusual type of shell from the early Devonic but a parallel occurrence of this genus is the Phragmostoma diopetes of the Moose River sandstone [see p. 70}. 140 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Diaphorostoma pastillus nov. Plate 32, figures 16-20 A number of specimens have been observed of a uniformly very small rotund shell of this species with a minute spire of two and one half whorls barely rising above the level of the greatly expanded and inflated body whorl. The dimensions do not exceed a hight of 7 mm and width of 6 mm. The surface carries a series of very fine concentric lines can- celated by equally fine sharp revolving lines. By varying preservation or in varying lights sometimes the one and sometimes the other series pre- dominates in expression. Loxonema highlandense noy. Plate 32, figures 21, 22 A slender and graceful shell attaining moderately large size, regularly terete, with no slit band. The whorls are 7 to 9 in number and the sculpture consists of very fine concentric lines with the grouping characterizing Loxo- nema so much subdued as to give a general smoothness to the ‘surface. The sutures are low and impressed only on the earlier whorls which are more regularly convex; on later whorls the surface near the sutures is flattened in a narrow band. This species may be ae compared with L. jerseyensis Welle pRale SRepit No |-ser 1903-93335, pl. 43, fig. 8-10] from the Se ees dentatus bed at the Ne earpass quarry, Port Jervis. That has the same delicately lined surface but not the convex whorls without sutural flattening. Pterinea sp. Shells of uncertain character. Nuculites (Ditichia) doto nov. Plate 33, figures 5-10 Shell small, subtriangular, broadly rounded in front, convex on the lower margin, tapering and slightly contracted behind. Anterior clavicle very strong and reaching two thirds the distance across the valve. A pos- terior clavicular ridge in front of the posterior muscle scar is always present, broader and lower than the anterior but quite as long. The hinge consists of a row of denticulations and pits beginning at the posterior muscle where a few large pits are divided by alternating small ones, thenceforward with more uniform size and angled shape, they become thin, vertical, longer and more crowded till reaching the broader surface beneath the beak “they show a reversed angulation and end abruptly. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA I4I Nuculites fraxinus nov. Plate 33, figures 1-4 This shell is small and slender, distinguished from N. doto by its rapidly tapering and extended form, complete absence of the posterior clavicle and much more finely toothed hinge. Body of shell not constricted ; surface with fine concentric lines as usual in this group of shells. Mytilarca sp. Shells of this genus occur with some frequency but their specific values are still obscure. : Carydium gregarium Beushausen Plate 33, figures 11-14 See p. 33 On a previous page I have noted the presence of this Coblentzian genus and species in the Dalhousie beds. It has been interesting to find this species in the Pine Hill deposits with its peculiar hinge structures as described by Beushausen sharply defined; a small anterior subumbonal tooth and a long curving postumbonal denticulate ridge passing outwardly into a deep socket(in the left valve) and beyond this a narrow ligament area, Goniophora cercurus nov. Plate 33, figures 18-22 This is a shell of average size in which the exterior is covered with sharply elevated crowded, more or less confluent concentric lines, the umbonal ridge, angular in early growth, becoming obscure toward the mar- gin. Internal casts lose the ridge and present the aspect of Modiomorpha with simple linear ligament area and hinge, well defined anterior and poste- rior muscle scars and a visceral surface quite invariably marked by strong broken or continuous radial lines extending to the position of the pallial scar, Macrodus ? desuetus nov. Plate 33, figures 15-17 A species of rather large size for the genus, with elongate quadrangular shape, broad low median umbonal cincture, broadly elevated concentric growth bands, carries the hinge structure of Macrodus. Lunulicardium ? sp. Plate 33, figure 23 In the Gaspé sandstone occurs a species which has been described as Lunulicardium ? convexum [see this memoir, pt 1, p.234, pl. 23, 142 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM fig. 12] anda shell of very similar character has been obtained in the fauna under consideration. It is a left valve of considerable size, quite strongly and evenly plicated radially with a prominent anterior (byssal) ridge. While the true generic character of this shell and its ally mee the Gaspé sandstone is entirely a matter for future determination, the concurrence of these forms in the formations in question is interesting, Leptocoelia flabellites (Conrad) Plate 34, figures 17-20 See pt 1, p. 174; pt 2, p. 81 Extraordinarily abundant, of normal or medium size; that is, not attaining the large dimensions reached by the species in the Grande Greve limestones ; often prevailingly small in places but generally holding the characters of the shell in its cosmopolitan distribution. Megalanteris diobolaris nov. Plate 34, figures 1-5 A persistently small lenticular shell with a subcircular outline slightly extended on the front margin; in size less than that prevailing in Beachia suessana but similar in outline, though generally more rounded. In Megalanteris ovalis and Beachia suessana Hall the lateral margins are notably introverted; here, however, the introversion is very slight, confined to the shoulders of the valves and noticeable only on very well preserved specimens, particularly internal casts. In interior structure the species is distinctively a Megalanteris. It has a very prominent club- shaped thickened cardinal process more or less deeply grooved at its summit and in extremely thickened specimens deeply constricted by a groove which sets off the cardinal process from its base. The umbonal region of the dorsal valve is thickened and covered with vascular pits and grooves. The muscle scars are prominent in both valves as in M. ovalis but not so sharply defined on their anterior edges. Most noticeable, however, as a differential of the species is the unusual development of the cardinal area of the ventral valve which under ordinary preservation stands out prominently above the dorsal valve and is much more pronounced in size than in any other known species. Average specimens of this species, and they are quite uniform in size, have a length across the shoulders and an axial length of about 25 mm. I have felt somewhat constrained to identify this shell with Megal- anteris condoni McChesney [Rensselaeria condoni McChes- ney, Palaeozoic Fossils. 1861. p. 85. Chicago Acad. Sci. Trans. 1867. Pego.pl. 75 ae: 2; Meek & Worthen, Geol. & Palaeontol. Ill. 1868. 3: 401, pl. 8, fig. ga, b; Megalanteris condoni Hall & Clarke, Pale- EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 143 onto ONeey * aso4: . 8, pt 2, p. 280] from the cherts of Oriskany age on Clear Creek, Union anita: [llinois, but the illustrations of that shell are meager and the specimens I have been able to secure for exact comparison do not seem to justify the assumption of identity. Spirifer aroostookensis Clarke Plate 34, figures 6-16 See p. 119 This species described from a single dorsal valve in the Chapman sand- stone of Aroostook county, Maine|N. Y. State Mus. Bul. LO. 0250-5 OOy, and anfz p. 119, pl. 20, fig. 5; pl. 30, fig. 5, 9], is characterized by its flat riblets, slightly depressed or even oe eal on top and all the surface covered by closely concentric papillated lines. These riblets are 10- 14 in number on each side of the median fold, and the spaces or grooves between them are very narrow and sharp with vertical sides. The only well known species with which one might bring this shell into close comparison is Sp. concinnus Hall of the Helderbergian and Dalhousie fauna. The differences however are clear : The riblets of S p. concinnus though low have not the broadly flat- tened, depressed or even slightly grooved surfaces of S. aroostook- ensis, nor the narrow vertical grooves between; the cardinal area is higher and the beak more prominent and overarched ; as a rule the outline of this shell is less extended on the hinge. The abundant and only observed spirifer in the fauna at Highland Mills has all the distinguishing characters of S. aroostookensis, occurring usually in the form of casts, interior and exterior. The cast of the exterior presents with striking effect the peculiarities of the flat riblets and the threadlike ridges representing the dividing furrows. Often the ribs, on account of the more extended lateral slopes will rise to 16-171n number. The papillose surface is shown on well preserved external casts only ; this is unlike that in S. concinnus where one observes it usually only on young shells, in maturity the surface pre- senting a series of fine concentric lines. On the interior of these shells there is considerable variation in the character of the muscle scars, those of the ventral valve in old shells being deep set and somewhat expanded, often with ramifying markings, but in younger individuals having less size and prominence. No distinctive value can well be laid on such differences. Of all the specimens observed the mature ones reach about the pro- portions of the original of S. aroostookensis, seldom attaining the size or outline of the mature and prevailiney’S- concimnus inthe Lower Devonic limestones of New York and Dalhousie. Were it desirable to enforce the distinctive traits of this species by contrast with its associates in time it may be remarked that. S. cyclopterus of the Helderberg fauna is a fimbriate shell with rounded and sparse ribs, broad and sloping 144 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM furrows; S. murchisoni is sparse and coarse ribbed with conspicuous fold and sinus, but also fimbriate; S. cymindis is smaller, having the proportions but not the size of S. concinnus. Cyrtina rostrata Hall See ptr, p. 183 These shells vary very much as do those of the Becraft Mountain Oris- kany from small erect trihedral form (C. varia Clarke) to elevated shells with curved cardinal area, the riblets being from 4 to 8 on each side of median fold or sinus. Within these limits the shell keeps free of implication with large and rugose forms which served as the type of C. rostrata Hall. Meristella sp. indet. Leptaena rhomboidalis Wilckens See pt 1, p. 183; pt 2, p. 45, 122 Not common. Leptostrophia becki Hall See pt 1, p. 111; pt 2, p. 46 The species occurs occasionally. Chonetes (Eodevonaria) cf. arcuata Hall Plate 34, figures 21-31 See Hall. Palaeontology of New York. 4:119, pl. 20, fig. sy 9; | g. 7 Professor Hall described from the Onondaga limestone a large Cho- netes, C. arcuata, havinga highly convex ventral valve, specially arched in the umbonal region, a surface covered with fine striae and with the hinge denticulations which characterize Eodevonaria fully developed. There is a closely allied shell in this fauna notable for its conspicuous size and its finely striated exterior surface, but it is a flat, relatively elongate shell, not pre- senting the arched surface nor the median ventral depression which charac- terize C. arcuata. The legitimate ancestor of that species it may well be but its differences are recognizable and are expressed in the accompany- ing figures. Among other species of Eodevonaria, Chonetes dilatata Roemer (Coblentzian) possesses its outline and flatness and is a close ally. Chonetes highlandensis nov. Plate 34, figures 32-41 There is a group of small highly convex coarsely ribbed Chonetes which are as characteristic of early Devonic age as those which constitute the sub- EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 145 genus Eodevonaria. In this little association are Chonetes bil lingsi of the Grande Gréve limestone and Gaspé sandstone, C. nectus, Moose River sandstone, C. laticosta Hall, C. mucronatus Hall and the species under consideration. Chonetes laticosta Hall was described from the Onondaga limestone and C. mucronatus from the Marcellus shale. Hall united both terms under the latter in his redescription | Palae- ontology of N. Y. 4:126] though still recognizing that the earlier examples are more convex and more coarsely and sharply plicated than the later. It seems quite likely that the apparent difference to typical C. laticosta and C. mucronatus is permanent and always recognizable. C. hig h- landensis, the species before us, is another shell of this small convex coarse ribbed type quite distinctively characterized in the following respects : The ventral valve is almost gibbous with a decided median elevation and the surface carries 12-14 riblets which are coarse and well defined in early growth but become obscure and obsolete on the anterior slopes of the valve. This peculiar obsolescence of the ribs lends a special distinguishing feature to the shell, to which may be added usual indications of interrupted periodic growth. The casts of the exterior do not indicate the presence of the fine concentric lines present in C. billingsi, C.laticosta and C. mucronatus. So marked is the obsolescence of the riblets in late growth that it is not clear whether they increase by normal bifurcation on the valve except at some abrupt growth line. On the dorsal valve, how- ever, where the ribs seem to be fewer, bifurcation iscommon. The hinge is cornute and not denticulate. On the interior of the ventral valve is a short but deep median septum at either side of which are broadly flabellate muscle scars. On the dorsal the cardinal process is erect and divided ; the interior surface bears granulated riblets, of which a median pair separated by a single rib is most prominent, the aspect in this respect of the interior being like that in C. billingsi. With other preservation the elevated muscle scars are apparent. The average adult shell of this species has a width of 7mm anda length of 6 mm. It is very abundant. Dalmanella planoconvexa Hall Quite characteristic examples of this Helderbergian species are common. Dalmanella perelegans Hall ? See pt 1, p. 61 Probably the same as the Helderbergian species. There are in this fauna, so far as known, certain features already referred to as present in that element of the Gaspé sandstone which have seemed to the writer to distinctively mark a Middle Devonic (Hamilton) age. In the presentation of the Gaspé sandstone fauna in part 1 of this 146 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM work, it was shown that a very large numerical percentage of its species are of this later Devonic age, even though accompanied by survivors of the typical Lower Devonic fauna of the Grande Gréve limestone. In this larger percentage of species, regarded as confirming the Hamilton age of the Gaspé sandstones, were fisteds three species, Tropidocyclus Spire ile limeatus, IT. rotalinea and Wiunwiieard ium ?oconwe xum— two described from the Slane fauna of New York and the third indica- tive of later thé r and interesting to find present in this Cn oe of Pine “Hill. ihe can here arise no question of the early Devonic age of the Pine Hill congeries but the pres- ence of the species mentioned requires us to qualify the diagnostic value previously ascribed to them as exclusively Middle Devonic species and to accept them as equally of Lower Devonic value. So far as this construc- tion affects the interpretation of the Gaspé sandstone fauna it might seem to subtract these species from the census of the Hamilton element therein represented, Such a construction, however, would probably not be an entirely correct expression, for even though Riemibens of a Lower Devonic fauna in eastern New York, they are Alea: members of a Middle Devonic fauna in central and western New York, and their associates there in this later stage are, in number and leading importance, their associates in the Gaspé sandstone. It would not alter the valuation of the Gaspé sandstone fauna to divert these species from the Middle to the Lower Devonic con- tingent, because of the continued preponderance of the former; but as the species are of perduring age, it would still be my view that their presence in Gaspé confirms the indicated Middle Devonic age of that fauna. TABLE OF THE ORISKANY FAUNA OF NEW YORK-NEW JERSEY REGION Capitals before species names indicate the responsible authorities for the determinations : C=Clarke, Ch=Chadwick, H= Hall, S=Shimer, V—=van Ingen, W=Weller Fishes V............ Machaeracanthus sulcatus Newberry Annelids (GA arcs Alamein Spirorbis assimilis Clarke GO ete coh Autodetus beecheri Clarke (Gaee Seoaee Annelid teeth j CO ae ee Cornulites cingulatus Hal GSA AP eae Tentaculites elongatus Hall IS Werte ssten: T. acula Hall (ORS OD er aa Coleolus acus Clarke Vises fer toe Spirophyton caudagalli EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA Crustacea CVs ees Dalmanites (Synphoria) stemmatus Clarke CO re . (S.) stemmatus var. convergens Clarke Satan ere.. . dentatus Barrett Veet . pleuroptyx Green Co ites Raises . phacoptyx Hall & Clarke Gee ees on . bisignatus Clarke CR cy .emarginatus Hall Warner mesos: . Sp. CRN eee Phacops correlator Clarke (CNSR Raden P. logani Hall SIV ecco P. sp. SM erntere nice Homalonotus vanuxemi Hall VPP recs exck so. H. major Whitfield SAG Meee rte «3 Hi. sp.? CVs ose Proetus conradi Hall GRO anes Cordania becraftensis Clarke (Coe een oes Pence C. hudsonica Clarke Carrere eos oe Cyphaspis minuscula Hall (Casinos oes Ceratocephala tuberculata (Conrad) (Cede ee rere Lichas cf. pustulosus Hall CWeserysete.- Beyrichia sp. eres oncRee yearn Isochilina sp. We se erat ee Leperditia sp. (Cine area ec ecene Plumulites Cephalopods WI cosesacan OnJnoeerc Pteropods Wits s aiieenis Hyolithus centennialis Barrett Siocon pene Conularia pyramidata jervisensis Shimer 6 lene teats eRe C. lata Hall Gin ete Seon C. sp Gastropods Cre eatatece Tropidocyclus brevilineatus (Conrad) Cee T. rotalinea ( Hall) Gee Anwar. Phragmostoma nitela Clarke Curet Soclantes Bellerophon sp. 147 148 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM FIGV on ee Cyrtolites expansus Hall CXees aes Pleurotomaria haedillus Clarke Cony nee Eotomaria hitchcocki Clarke CSVIW Sas Diaphorostoma desmatum Clarke HCSVW.... D. ventricosum (Conrad) Aeros serene D. nearpassi Weller ee ea gore eer D. pastillus Clarke GWG wo Strophostylus expansus Conrad ERG VAW aoe Orthonychia cf. tortuosa Hall FCW eee phe: Platyceras nodosum Conrad EER aR oR P. subnodosum Hall CV ites eee P. cf. gebhardi Hall aSyil Ante ice cen P. lamellosum Hall Sis acice rete P. reflexum Hall SiVes Se ey. P. platystoma Hall FDS cvetiereciar: P. ventricosum Hall SW iee reek: Loxonema jerseyense Weller Geren nie ace L. highlandense Clarke Pelecypods CV ee Pterinea Gal rece Pterinopecten subequilatera ( Hall) CV Ge ae P. proteus Clarke Gee eee P. signatus Clarke CR Ae P. pumilus Clarke HV......... Aviculopecten recticosta (Hall) I evra ie A. gebhardi Hall (Fn Pee ie A. sp (Opener aoe Lyriopecten sp. (ha sere eae Actinopteria communis (Hall) CW......... A. insignis Clarke Siren ore nen at A. textilis ( Hall) HSVW..... A. textilis arenaria ( Hall) Gascqaeaeae: Goniophora cercurus Clarke ISO h ieee Grammysia (Charis arc eee Macrodus? desuetus Clarke CVE ale ies Megambonia crenistriata Clarke EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTIL AMERICA Wetter Megambonia parva Weller JENW 6 5 oso ex M. bellistriata Hall SSA icone Nuculites barretti Shimer CS a N. fraxinus Clarke Grete sore N. (Ditichia) doto Clarke CSVE eae Cypricardinia lamellosa /al/ Ghee cise ts Carydium gregarium Beushausen Oath eee pee Conocardium inceptum Hall ? Ghoiona Boden Lunulicardium ? Brachiopods ~ JEG SA c bie. be 6 Rensselaeria ovoides (atom) SW pecs, ete R. subglobosa Weller SAE Ciicge ee R. aequiradiata Hall ENGI Gwe fear Megalanteris ovalis Hall Copies een tee: M. diobolaris Clarke HSVW..... Beachia suessana Hall CVe eee Cryptonella fausta Clarke GAA eee Tete Oriskania sinuata Clarke FG Vas eset: O. navicella Hall & Clarke TAG WAY c cow Camarotoechia barrandu Hall Glee tee te C. acutiplicata Hall ERG Warcreke Bors C. fitchana Hall ERC WAS Oe aris C. oblata Hall EV eee Ca piloplenxamrall PU See? ya oss C. principalis Hall Eh Pen thot C. septata Hall Fla, Pepe C. multistriata Hall linea ere bre Giee C. speciosa Hall Wie Pra seitesis sc C. biplicata Hall 15 lace ror ei OIG C. ramsayi Hall ie Serco C. bialveata Hall Ce Cldimopen Salutes ChS........ Uncinulus vellicatus Hall Ch.......... U. pyramidatus Hall Chien: U. campbellanus Hall (Clocerenonirion U. nobilis Hall GEE Ree U. ventricosus Hall 149 GV estes TEM GWASWAS oe Ws eee oe eens GU Ba eee NEW YORK STATE Uncinulus mutabilis Hall . U. abruptus Hall Stenocisma formosum Conrad Eatonia medialis (Vanuxem) E. peculiaris (Conrad) E. singularis (Vanuxem) E. whitfieldi Hall E. sinuata Hall Anastrophia verneuili Hall? Coelospira concava Hall . C. dichotoma Hall . C. acutiplicata Hall Leptocoelia flabellites (Conrad) Trematospira costata Hall T. multistriata Hall T. perforata Hall espe. Rhynchospira formosa Hall Parazyga deweyi Hall . Meristella lata Hall M. vascularia Clarke . M. princeps Hall M. lentiformis Clarke . M. laevis Hall M. princeps Hall M. bella Hall Nucleospira elegans Hall N. ventricosa Hall Atrypa reticularis Linné . Spirifer arenosus (Conrad) . 8. cyclopterus Hall . S. murchisoni Castelnau S. plicatus (Weller) S. tribulis Hal] 5. nearpassi Weller S. saffordi Hall S. modestus Hall MUSEUM EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA Chee . Spirifer aroostookensis Clarke Metaplasia pyxidata Hall Ambocoelia sp. n. Chonetes (Eodevonaria) hudsonicus Clarke C. rostrata Hall C. highlandensis Clarke C. (Eodevonaria) arcuata Hall . Chonostrophia complanata Hall C. jervisensis Schuchert Anoplia nucleata Hall Orthothetes (Schuchertella) becraftensis Clarke O. (S.) woolworthanus Hall Hipparionyx proximus Vanuxem Stropheodonta lincklaen1 Hall . S. magniventer Hall S. vascularia Hall . Leptostrophia oriskania Clarke L. becki Hall L. magnifica Hall L. planulata Hall ? Brachyprion schuchertanum Clarke B. major Clarke . Leptaena rhomboidalis Wilckens L. ventricosa Hall Leptaenisca concava ( Hall) Strophonella conradi Hall S. leavenworthana Hall . S. punctulifera (Conrad) Dalmanella perelegans Hal D. planoconyexa Hall D. quadrans Hall D. subcarinata Hall . D. concinna Hall . Rhipidomella oblata Hal . R. musculosa Hall . R. emarginata Hall R. discus Hall 151 152 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Siete tes Schizophoria multistriata Hall C........... Crania pulchella Hall & Clarke CVAWieen ee Pholidops terminalis Hall Vi eee ee Es ovatus Hall Wee icee aco .8 Schizocrania? superincreta Barrett HSW......., Orbiculoidea ampla Hall Seis ant ocnpotc O. jervisensis Barrett Wrntae este Lingula sp. Bryozoa Coe seca: Rhombipora rhombifera Hall Oo ie eee OULCLOpPOrassp: Cite oa. Umitrypa lata Vall C . U. acclivis Hall C........... Monotrypella arbusculus Hall & Simpson Chin eae ML stab wlaca earl Sadinou codes Wem eioraiious) ta lopll Cx bichenaliargh crassa Fall Chive nes L. torta Hall Cy. 28 aes a oly porawsepanata valli? (Oper nn ne Ber Pasi: C........... Polyporella cf. compressa Hail CV ese Fenestella biseriata Hall ? C........... Hemitrypa columellata Hall G Isotrypa sp. C....- 5222-2 Reteporinasp. Mare oe egies Chaetetes sphaericus Crinoids C........... Edriocrinus becraftensis Clarke HVW...... E. sacculus Hall Corals Ch.......... Enterolasma strictum (Hall) Oi te tctetie sar cee Duncanella rudis Girty Ch.......... Favosites helderbergiae Hal’ Ch.......... Zaphrentis roemeri Hal C........... Ptychonema helderbergiae Hall ? (Gi orvecser ee ae Cladopora smicra Clarke Osecburoouten C. cf. styphelia Clarke Vas raeasttns | Pi 5 ' t - . a * 7 » é — 4 “a . . . 7 i] : “ i oo 7 ra aes ’ er : .F = 7 } ——_ Ese > = ar 1g ¥ ‘ > a ‘ " ; 7 i 7 7 ; _ A 7 1 : 7 ra > as i : ry i = LO= Ww 12 I4 16 18 PLATE 7 Palaeoneilo (Nuculites) folles Clarke Page 36 Left and right valves and internal cast, natural size Nuculana (Ditichia) securis Clarke Page 37 Lediform shells showing in most the impression of the clavicle on the posterior slope, in figure 6 on the anterior slope Rensselaeria stewarti Clarke Pacerss Three views of the exterior. x 1% Dorsal and profile views of a smaller shell Exteriors of ventral valves Internal cast of ventral valve showing the cardinal flattening or pseudoarea and the character of the muscle scars Internal dorsal cast, showing cardinal area and muscle scars Enlargement of the dorsal cardinal cast showing the area and the filling DD of the perforation of the cardinal plate Trematospira perforata Hall var. atlantica Clarke Page 41 Opposite sides of the same shell Cardinal view of conjoined valves Sieberella pseudogaleata Hall Page 39 26 Views of a ventral valve The dorsal valve showing septa Cyrtina chalazia Clarke Page 4o Three views each of two shells (27-29, 30-32). x 1% 180 DALHOUSIE BEDS Memoir 9. N-Y. State Museum Plate 7 I ee i a Soir e W - ok ane ai a . a ie gene ee arr eae ye ae 4 e] PM Ny to to Ww Z). , = =a! pel PLATE 8 Spirifer concinnus Hall Page 39 Cardinal views of the ventral valve, showing the deltidium (fig. = i) x 1%) A young shell x 2, showing the concentric fimbriations A small dorsal valve 2 Views of adult shells 6 Enlargements of the surface of the cardinal area and its character- istic sculpture Internal cast of a ventral valve The external surface enlarged to show the finely fimbriate surface in the adult condition. x 5 Spirifer perlamellosus Hall ; Page 40 Exterior of a ventral valve The fimbriate surface. x 10 . A small ventral valve Cardinal view of an adult shell Stropheodonta varistriata Conrad Page 43 A small shell, essentially a cast of the exterior of the dorsal valve but retaining the shell at the beak. x 3 A small ventral valve x 3 , 24. Somewhat exfoliated interiors of dorsal valves 182 BEDS I 4 = & DALHOUS il LO H wa = eg ee ; hes Oe \iy - a = Par, ae : at; rr Z rr ve 3 foe" = t PLATE 9 Stropheodonta patersoni Hall protype bonamica Clarke Page 44 1-3 Profile, top and posterior views of a specimen with the radial sculp- ture in elementary expression and showing well defined umbonal corrugation osterior, tc 1 profile views of < scimen with the sculp 4-6 Posterior, top and profile views of a specimen with the sculpture characters in more mature development Stropheodonta (Brachyprion) schuchertana Clarke Page 45 7-9 Three views of a typical ventral valve to-12. Ventral valves, somewhat incrusted with Monticulipora and Hederella Stropheodonta (Brachyprion) major Clarke Page 45 13-15 Views of the ventral valve Strophonella punctulifera (Conrad) Parers 16 Partial sculpture cast of the interior of the ventral valve 17 Cardinal view of conjoined valves 18 Ventral view of the conjoined valves 184 BEDS x 4 DALHOUSI PLATE 10 Leptaena rhomboidalis Wilckens Page 45 1-4. Cardinal and profile views of two shells of usual size 5, 6 Larger individuals » 5 Leptaenisca concava Hall Page 46 7 Interior of a ventral valve. x 1% 8,9 Cardinal and upper views of the ventral valve showing cicatrix of attachment and the umbonal distortion, x 1% 10, 11 Similar views of an older shell Schizophoria multistriata Hall Page 47 12-18 A series of illustrations showing the general character of the shells in these beds. Figure 14 is an enlargement of the punctate surface Rhipidomella hybridoides Clarke Page 47 19-28 Of these illustrations figures 24, 25, 26 are views of the same shell enlarged x 2. Others are natural size: 186 DALHOUSIE BEDS Tea 4 ; meer ery bi, ] a a Song ; a ae PLATE 11 Rhipidomella numus Clarke Page 47 1, 2 Opposite sides of a young example. x 3 3. A shell of average proportions 4 Interior of a ventral valve 5,6 Opposite sides of an average shell 7-9 Three views of an uncompressed specimen 10-12 Three views of a well preserved shell enlarged % diameter to show the character of the surface Orbiculoidea sp. Page 48 13, 14 Two pedicle valves Marine alga ? Page 51 15 Small fragment of a frond. x 5 16 A rock surface bearing a mass of these filaments 18 oo DALHOUSIE BEDS Memoir 9.N.¥. State Museum | 1 GS.Barkentin de J.B PLATE 12 Homalonotus cf. vanuxemi Hall (See plate 22) Jace - Page 67 1 Fragment of a cephalon Locality. Matagamon lake Dalmanites pleuroptyx Green Page 66 2 A slightly distorted cephalon with very characteristic frontal crenulations Locality. Blind Cove point, Telos lake 3, 4 Pygidia of this species Locality. Folsom farm, Moosehead lake Dalmanites ploratus Clarke Page 66 5 A pygidium showing the characteristic surface Locality. Tatagamon lake Localety Matagamon lake Dalmanites sp. nov. Page 67 6 An incomplete pygidium with sparse coarse ribs and slender caudal spine Locality. Blind Cove point, Telos lake Dalmanites sp. Page 67 A well segmented pygidium with rounded and upturned caudal NI extremity Locality. _Matagamon lake Dalmanites sp. Page 67 8 A pygidium of an unrecognized species Locality. Tomhegan point, Moosehead lake Igo MOOSE RIVER SANDSTONE a Phragmostoma diopetes Clarke Page 70 g The thickened tabular callus on the inner lip of the shell. x 2 10 The exterior of an incomplete example. x 2 11 A view showing the general aspect of the stoma and its calloused lip 12, 13 Small examples of this species Locality, Matagamon lake Cyrtolites expansus Hall Page 69 14, 15 Profile and dorsal views of a characteristic example 16 A smaller specimen Locality, Cunningham’s camp near Matagamon lake Plectonotus derbyi Clarke (See plate 24) Page 69 17-19 Views of the usual expression of this shell Locality. Matagamon lake and Cunningham's camp Tropidodiscus cf. obex Clarke (See plate 22) Page 69 20, 21. Profile and dorsal views of a specimen referred to this species Locality. Matagamon lake dam Platyceras cf. calantica Hall and hebes Clarke (See plate 22) Page 68 22, 23. Two views of the same specimen Locality. Cunningham’s camp near Matagamon lake - Cornulites sp. Page 67 24 A large tube overgrown with an auloporoid coral Locality. Near Blind Cove point, Telos lake Igl PLATE 13 Aviculopecten flammiger Clarke Page 71 1,3 Two left valves showing some difference in the expression of the sculpture, figure 1 indicating a longer retention of the primitive characters Localities. Figure 1, Askwith siding; figure 3, Misery stream Enlargement of sculpture from figure 3. x 5 4 A larger valve referred to this species Locality. Telos lake Aviculopecten alcis Clarke Page 70 5 A left valve, somewhat incomplete, showing the character of the surface Localtty. Seven miles north of Kineo, Moosehead lake Pterinea moneris Clarke Page 73 6 Part of internal cast of right valve showing the hinge teeth Locality. _Matagamon lake 7 Sculpture cast of the left valve 8,9 A similar specimen showing the cast of the hinge with enlargement Locality. Webster lake Pterinea radialis Clarke (See plate 14) Page 72 10 6A small left valve 11 Internal cast of a left valve 14 A large left valve Localities. Matagamon lake and Cunningham’s camp Pterinea sp.? 12 Sculpture cast of a left valve showing teeth and ligament area Locality. Matagamon lake 13 A left valve Locality. Stony brook, Moose river These two specimens are allied in some particulars both to each other andeto s2. nard tals 192 MOOSE RIVER SANDSTONE G.S.Barkentin del J B.Lyon Co. State Printer ios) PLATE 14 Pterinea radialis Clarke (See plate 13) Page. 72 A left valve with beak removed showing cast of the hinge Locality. Matagamon lake, 1 mile above dam on east side Another left valve with finer radial striae Locality. Moosehead lake, 7 miles north of Kineo bay Pterinea mainensis Clarke Page 71 A young left valve Locality. Blind Cove point 4 Internal cast of left valve showing the hinge aie) “MI 9 Locality. Telos lake dam Left valves of old individuals Locality. Moosehead lake, 7 miles north of Kineo bay A right valve from the same locality as the last Aviculopecten cf. gebhardi (Hall) Page 70 Sculpture cast of a small right valve A large incomplete coarse ribbed left valve Locality, Cunningham’s camp, near Matagamon lake co 194 MOOSE RIVER SANDSTONE Memoir 9. N.Y State Museum 4) WY Way a Nw G.S.Barkentin del JB Lyon Co. State Printer PLATE 15 Cyrtodonta muscula Clarke Page 74 1-3 Internal casts of both valves with enlargement of hinge Locality. Seven miles north of Kineo, Moosehead lake Cyrtodonta beyrichi Beushausen . Page 73 4 Internal cast of right valve 6 A left valve with cast of hinge exposed and enlarged 5; Locality. Seven miles from Kineo, Moosehead lake Cardiomorpha (Goniophora ?) simplex Clarke Page 77 7,9 Left valves showing outline and proportions, muscle and_ pallial scars 8 Internal cast of expanded valves showing muscle scars and the filling of the prodissoconch 10 Enlargement of part of a similar cast showing details of the striated ligament surface and entire absence of denticulations. x 1% 11 Enlargement of anterior portion of another cast showing the details of = the anterior adductor and foot scars, of the ligament area and the filling of the prodissoconchs. ‘The transverse striated band in front is a portion of the matrix. Localitics. ‘Tomhegan and Soccatean points, Moosehead lake Cypricardinia magna Clarke or cf. crenistriata Sandberger Page 76 13 Tworight valves Locality. Baker Brook point, Moosehead lake Modiomorpha odiata Clarke (See plate 16) . Page 74 14 Right valve 15 Left valve Locality. ‘Tomhegan point, Moosehead lake 196 MOOSE RIVER SANDSTONE Memoir 9. NY. State Museum late 15 PLATE 16 Modiomorpha odiata Clarke (See plate 15) Page 74 1-4 Internal casts of both valves showing the umbonal tooth and socket and the long posterior dental ridge and grooves Locality. Matagamon lake, east side, 1 mile above dam 5 A small right valve Locality. Matagamon lake dam, south side Leptodomus prunus Clarke Page 76 6 Expanded conjoined valves Locality. Blind Cove point Ditichia cf. elliptica Maurer Page 78 7,8 Internal casts of both valves showing the extreme development of the clavicular ridges and the broad row of ligament pits Locality. Matagamon lake, east side, 1 mile above dam Cypricardella parmula Clarke g-12. A series of internal casts showing the form of the shell and the nature of the hinge Locality. Near Socecatean point, Moosehead lake Prosocoelus cf. orbicularis Beushausen Page 75 13 Sculpture cast of a right valve Locality. Yomhegan point, Moosehead lake Prosocoelus pes-anseris Zciler & Wirtgen var. occidentalis Clarke Page 75 14,15 Sculpture and internal casts of this species Locality. Tomhegan point, Moosehead lake 198 MOOSE RIVER SANDSTONE Memoir 9. N.Y State Museum ee G.S.Barkentin del IB Lyon Go. Sta PLATE 17 Solenopsis sp. Page 78 1 A right valve of a species of this genus to Fragment of a right valve which may represent another species of the genus Locality. Baker Brook point, Moosehead lake Palaeosolen simplex Maurer (See plate 28) Daren Page 77 3, 4 Left and right valves Locality. Near Soccatean point, Moosehead lake Palaeopinna flabellum Hall Page 74 5,6 Lateral and anterior profile views of conjoined valves Locality. Seven miles north of Kineo, Moosehead lake Rensselaeria cf. crassicosta Koch Page 80 7 Internal cast of dorsal valve 8,9 Lateral and top views of the internal cast of a ventral valve Locality. Misery stream ) ) Rensselaeria ovoides (Eaton) Page 79 10-12, Casts of ventral valves showing proportions and character of muscle and cardinal structures Locality. Cunningham's camp, near Matagamon lake Rensselaeria callida Clarke Page 79 13, 14 Profile and dorsal views of an internal cast 15-17 Ventral, profile and dorsal views of a smaller example Locality. Misery stream MOOSE RIVER SANDSTONE PLATE 18 Rensselaeria cf. stewarti Clarke (See plate 7) Page 79 1-3 Three views of internal casts of a shell very closely allied to R. stewarti of the Dalhousie fauna. Allx1¥4% Locality. Near Soccatean point, Moosehead lake Rensselaeria diania Clarke Page 80 4-6 Views of internal casts showing the characters of the species Locality. Misery stream, town of Sandwich Rensselaeria (Amphigenia) parva Clarke Page 81 7,8 Internal casts of dorsal and ventral valves, showing the normal a very slender outline Locality. Yomhegan point, Moosehead lake g Umbonal portion of a dorsal cast, showing the impression of the per- forated hinge plate. xX 2 Locality, Stony brook, Moose river 10 Internal cast of a ventral valve Locality. Stony brook, Moose river 11-13 Casts of ventral valves showing approximate septa and perforated hinge plate Locality. Near Soccatean point, Moosehead lake Megalanteris cf. ovalis Hall Page 81 14 Internal cast of dorsal valve 15,16 Opposite sides of an internal cast of both valves Locality, Telos lake dam Spirifer perimele Clarke Pagel 17,18 A dorsal valve and enlargement of its sculpture 19,20 Sculpture casts of dorsal valves 21 Internal cast of ventral valve Locality. Tomhegan point, Moosehead lake 292 MOOSE RIVER SANDSTONE PLATE 19 Spirifer arenosus (Conrad) Page 83 Large smooth internal cast of a ventral valve Dorsal and profile views of conjoined valves, the ventral valve being preserved as an internal cast 4 Internal cast of dorsal valve Locality. Cunningham’s camp, near Matagamon lake Spirifer primaevus Steininger var. atlanticus Clarke (See plate 20) Page 82 A series illustrating the internal (5, 6, 9, 10, 11) and external (7, > 8, 12) characters of this shell Locality, Yomhegan point, Moosehead lake 204 MOOSE RIVER SANDSTONE Memoir 9. N.Y. State Mu PLATE 20 Spirifer cf. concinnus Hall Page 85 1-3. Internal casts of shells having some of the characters of this species 4 An exterior of the dorsal valve Locality. Near Soccatean point, Moosehead lake Spirifer aroostookensis Clarke (See plates 30,'34) Page 85 5 Fragment of exterior of a ventral valve showing the flat depressed or sulcate ribs and narrow radial grooves Locality. Tomhegan point, Moosehead lake Spirifer primaevus Stcininger var. atlanticus Clarke (See plate 19) Page 82 6,7 Enlargements of the fimbriate sculpture from different specimens. GREG 7, x LO Spirifer sp. ? Page 85 8-14 A series of illustrations of a small, transversely elongate species whose specific relationships are not clearly determined Locality. Telos lake dam Leptocoelia flabellites (Conrad) (See plate 34) Page 81 15 Ventral aspect or an internal cast with part of the shell adhering. x 1% 16 Dorsal aspect of the exterior. These two shells are not satisfactory illustrations of the species and the drawings give them much the aspect of a Coelospira, but this is an entirely misleading effect, over- looked in the correction of the workmanship. 17,18 Dorsal and ventral sides of an internal cast. Compare with speci- mens from the Pine Hill Oriskany on plate 34. 1g Interior of dorsal valve showing structure of cardinal process Localities as noted on page 81 206 MOOSE RIVER SANDSTONE Memoir 9. N.Y State bo G.S.Barkentin de a _ hn Oe Wy oP es as, - a0 - eg : Ar foe — vo “i Leptostrophia magnifica Hall (See plate 21) Page 87 20, 21 Internal casts of ventral valves DO), D 28 Locality. Matagamon lake dam Chonetes nectus Clarke Page 86 Exteriors of ventral valves. x 3 nterior of dorsal valve. x 3 Exterior of ventral valve. x 3 Locality. “Tomhegan point, Moosehead lake Chonetes (Eodevonaria) hudsonicus Clarke Page 86 7 Internal ventral casts showing the cardinal denticulations Locality. Stony brook, Moose river A transversely elongated ventral valve Locality, Tomhegan point, Moosehead lake Chonetes impensus Clarke Page 85 The shell described, a ventral valve Locality. Seven miles north of Kineo bay, Moosehead lake Chonostrophia dawsoni Billings Pagelsy Internal cast of the ventral valve Locality. Seven miles north of Kineo bay, Moosehead lake Exterior of the ventral valve with cardinal spines Locality. Misery stream, town of Sandwich Interior of the ventral valve retaining the spines Exterior of a slightly distorted ventral valve Locality. Seven miles north of Kineo bay, Moosehead lake 207 PLATE 21 Chonetes canadensis Billings Page 86 1 Interior of a ventral valve with strong radial pallial sinuses 2 Internal cast of ventral valve indicating a strong median septum 3. Exterior of a distorted ventral valve showing the coarse median stria 4 Interior of a portion of the dorsal valve Locality. Misery stream Dalmanella cf. circularis (Sowerby) > 2 Page 88 5 Exterior of a dorsal valve 6 Interior of a dorsal valve 7 Internal cast of a ventral valve Locality. Jackman farm Rhipidomella musculosa Hall var. solaris Clarke - : Page 88 8 Exterior of a ventral valve g Interior of a dorsal valve 10, 11 Internal casts of ventral valves - Localitres. Figures 8, 10, 11, Tomhegan point, Moosehead lake ; 9, Jackman farm Hipparionyx proximus Vanuxem Page 88 12 Internal cast of a ventral valve Locality. Cunningham's camp, near Matagamon lake Leptostrophia oriskania Clarke Page 87 13, 14 Two specimens viewed from the ventral surface Locality. Matagamon lake Leptostrophia magnifica Hall (See plate 20) Page 87 15 Exterior of a ventral valve Locality. _Matagamon lake MOOSE RIVER SANDSTONE Memoir 9. NY. State Museum G.S.Barkentin del J.B.Lyon Co, State Printer 16 17 18 Wg) Internal cast of ventral valve bearing tube fillings of a perforating sponge, Clionolithes priscus (McCoy) Locality. Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wilckens) var ventricosa Hall Stony brook, Moose river Page 87 A large and characteristic internal ventral cast Locality. A dorsal valve of Leptostrophia oriskania with an attached Stony brook, Moose river Hederella sp. colony of this genus A portion of the colony enlarged Locality. Seven miles north of Kineo, Moosehead lake 209 PLEADRE 22 Phacops (Phacopidella) nylanderi Clarke Page 96 1 Thecephalon. x 2 Locality. Edmunds Hill Homalonotus vanuxemi Hall (See plate 12) Page 95 2,3 Imperfect cephala, the latter somewhat compressed vertically 4 A pygidium 5,6 Profile and upper views of a smaller pygidium Locality. Edmunds Hill Dalmanites cf. micrurus (Green) (See plate 1) Page of 7,8 Small pygidia doubtfully referred to this species Locality. Edmunds Hill Tentaculites scalaris Schlotheim , Page 8 9 A tube of natural size 10 An enlargement 11 Still further enlargement to show the character of the annulations Locality. Edmunds Hill Conularia cf. huntiana Hall Page 98 13. Fragments showing rather unsatisfactorily the character of ornament Locality. Presque Isle stream Orthoceras norumbegae Clarke Page 97 14, 15. Portion of a large shell and enlargement of its sculpture Locality. Edmunds Hill 210 the CHAPMAN SANDSTONE ate 22 A, Cum. a Memoir 9.N.Y¥. State Musk Orthoceras sp. 16 Vertical median section through a specimen of undetermined species, showing siphuncle and siphuncular beads together with thickened septal deposits Locality. Presque Isle stream Platyceras hebes Clarke (See plate 12) Page ror 17-19 Three illustrations of this species Locality, Edmunds Hill PLATE 23 Platyceras leboutillieri Clarke (See part 1, plate 14) Page 101 1 An example of this Gaspé shell Locality, Edmunds Hill 8-10 LI-19 Platyceras kahlebergensis Beushausen Page 102 Two views of an internal cast showing the corrugated exterior Other internal casts with similar characters Locality. Edmunds Hill Coelidium tenue Clarke Page 99 Three views showing the exterior Locality. Presque Isle stream Eotomaria hitchcocki Clarke Page 100 A series of illustrations all natural size except 17 and 18 which are x 2: showing all the essential characters of the exterior and Oo ’ 5 interior of the shells Locality. Presque Isle stream Holopea beushauseni Clarke Page 1o1 Internal casts showing the character of the spire and the expanded lip Locality. Presque Isle stream Holopea sp. Specimens of an unidentified shell Locality. Edmunds Hill Loxonema sp. cf. funatum A. Roemer Page 102 Specimens in the usual condition of preservation Locality. Edmunds Hill CHAPMAN SANDSTONE Memoir ¢ - MA 20 Tropidodiscus obex Clarke Page 99 27,28 Two views of the same specimen 29, 30 Lateral views of other examples Locality. Edmunds Hill 213 PLATE 24 Plectonotus cf. derbyi Clarke Page 98 Various views of this shell showing the essential characters as pre- I-I1 served on internal and external casts. Figures 1, 2, 4, 7,8 are enlarged. x 2 Locality. Presque Isle stream Pterinea edmundi Clarke Page 103 12-14 Left valves showing some variation in form A right valve V5 Other left valves, 17 somewhat angulated by compression along the 16, 17 crescence ridge 18 Avery oblique, probably compressed right valve Locality. "Edmunds Hill Pterinea edmundi var. subrecta Clarke Page 104 Right and left valves of this variety 19, 20 Locality. “Edmunds Hill Pterinea radialis Clarke (See plates 13, 14) Page 103 21, 23, 24 Left valves 22 Umbonal portion of internal cast of right valve. x 2 Locality. Presque Isle stream Pterinopecten aroostooki Clarke Page 105 25-28 Left valves showing form and sculpture Locality. Edmunds Hill Pterinea sp. Type of P. laevis Goldfuss Page 104 Internal casts of shells apparently without radial sculpture Localities. Edmunds Hill and Presque Isle stream 214 29, 39, 33 CHAPMAN SANDSTONE Memoir 9. N.Y. State Museum Plate 24 Gs 2 Pterinea ? sp. 31, 32. Oblique shells with rounded hinge angles and pterineoid hinge, but of uncertain generic relations Locality. Presque Isle stream 215 PLATE 25 Pterinea cf. fasciculata Goldfuss Page 102 1,2 Casts of the hinge in left valves. x 2. The umbones have been removed to expose the ligament surface and the dentition 3, 4. Internal casts of left valves 5,6 Exteriors of left valves showing sculpture 7 Internal cast of a right valve Locality. Presque Isle stream Pteronitella peninsulae Clarke Page 105 8,9 Internal casts of right valves with clearly defined muscle and pallial scars Locality. Presque Isle stream Pterinea brisa Clarke Page 104 10 A right valve showing character of exterior Locality. Edmunds Hill Pterinea chapmani Clarke Page 103 11 A left valve Localtty, Edmunds Hill Myalina pterinaeoides Clarke (See plate 26) Page 106 12 Enlargement of a portion of the exterior surface 13, 14 Internal cast and internal surface of a right valve 15 Internal cast of right valve 16 Exterior of a right valve 17,18 Internal casts of left valves Localtty. Presque Isle stream 216 CHAPMAN SANDSTONE PLATE 26 Myalina pterinaeoides Clarke (See plate 25) Page 106 1, 2. Internal casts of left and right valves 3. A right valve retaining a portion of its thick shell Locality. Presque Isle stream Modiomorpha protea Clarke (See plate 27) Page 107 4-8 10, 12 35 PLATE 30 Camarotoechia dryope (Billings) Page 112 A dorsal valve Locality. Edmunds Hill Camarotoechia sp. Page 112 Cast of a ventral valve Locality, Edmunds Hill Spirifer macropleuroides Clarke Page 119 Dorsal view of the type specimen Enlargement of the surface Locality, Edmunds Hill Spirifer aroostookensis Clarke (See plate 34) Page 119 The type specimen, a dorsal valve Enlargement of the surface. xX 10 Locality. Edmunds H ill Spirifer cymindis Clarke Page 117 Internal cast of ventral valve Exterior of ventral valve Exterior of dorsal valve 11 Internal casts of ventral and dorsal valves Locality. “edmunds Hill Spirifer cymindis var. sparsa Clarke Page 118 Internal cast of ventral valve not typical of the variety but showing features of plication between that and the species 14 Internal casts of two ventral valves with sparse angular plications. y x14 Locality, "Edmunds Hill [s) to a CHAPMAN SANDSTONE Spirifer subcuspidatus Schnur var. lateincisus Scupin Page 116 15, 16 Internal casts of ventral valves 17 - ie) eg) 27 Exterior of dorsal valve Internal cast of dorsal valve Internal cast of ventral valve Locality. Presque Isle stream Chonetes aroostookensis Clarke Page 120 Ventral valve, somewhat more rhomboidal than usual Interior of a dorsal valve Internal cast of a ventral valve The dorsal hinge. x 2 Internal cast of a ventral valve. x 3 Exterior of a small ventral valve. x 3 Locality. Edmunds H ill Chonetes paucistria Clarke Page 122 Sculpture cast of ventral valve showing the relatively sparse and sharp plication. x 2 Enlargement of the surface. x 4 Locality, ‘edmunds Hill PLATE 31 Orthothetes (Schuchertella) deformis Hall Page 124 1-4 Views of ventral valves of this species Locality, Edmunds Hill Leptostrophia magnifica Hall protype parva Clarke Page 123 5-9 Exteriors and internal casts showing the prevailing habit of this shell Locality. Edmunds Hill. Dalmanella drevermanni Clarke Page x25 10-12. Three views of the shell natural size 14 Exterior of a dorsal valve. x 2 15 Interior of a dorsal valve (figure 12). x 2 Locality. Edmunds Hill Orthis sp. Page 125 13 Internal cast of dorsal valve allied to O. personata Zeiler. x 1} Hipparionyx minor Clarke Page 124 16 Cardinal view of a dorsal valve showing elevation of cardinal process 17, 18 Exteriors of ventral valves 19,20 Dorsal valves 21 Interior of ventral valve 22 Enlargement of surface sculpture. x 5 Locality. Edmunds Hill Orbiculoidea cf. ampla Hall and siegenensis Kayser Page 126 23,24 Localety. Presque Isle stream 228 SANDSTONE CHAPMAN aa ee as? ; Slee ta Be PLATE 32 Autodetus beecheri Clarke Page 138 Views of an internal cast of this annelid tube. x 3 Locality. Pine Hill, N. Y. _ ~ tN Dalmanites emarginatus Hall Page 138 : 3 Characteristic fragment of the pygidium. x 2 Localety. . Pine Hill, N. Y. Tropidocyclus brevilineatus (Conrad) Page 139 4,5 Side views of two individuals, natural size 6,7 Edge and side views of a young specimen. x 3 Localéty. Pine Hill, N. Y. Tentaculites elongatus Hall Page 138 8 Two tubes of this species. x 2 Locawty. Pine Till, Ne: Coleolus acus Clarke Page 138 9-15 A series o: illustrations showing the exterior characters of this tube and its variations in curvature. x LoCo, Ble 2) Locality. Pine Hill, N. Y. Diaphorostoma pastillus nov. Page 140 16, 17. Lateral and apical views of a characteristic example showing the surface sculpture. x 2 18 Stomal view of an incomplete example. x 3 ro, 20. Lateral views.. 10, x 3-20, x2 Localzty. Pine Hill, N. Y. 230 -— ~~) NEW YORK ORISKANY 1? Loxonema highlandense nov. Page 140 21 Exterior of a typical example 22 Internal cast of a larger shell Locality. Pine Hill, N. Y. Tropidocyclus rotalinea (Hall) Page 139 . 23 Side view of a small specimen. x 24-26 Views of a larger example. x 2 Locales seimey lil); SINS YC Phragmostoma nitela nov. Page 139 27. Dorsal view showing exterior and sculpture. x 1% 28 Internal cast 29 Enlargement of surface sculpture. x 1% 30. ~©View showing the platform-shaped callus on the inner lip 31 Internal cast Eoculiy Pine till Nev. Pleurotomaria haedillus nov. Page 138 A series of illustrations showing the variations in this species. (37, X 5) Locality. Pine Hill, N. Y. to | ios) (oe) 231 x PLATE 33 Nuculites fraxinus nov. Page 141 1 An internal cast of the left valve 2 Cast of the hinge of the right valve. x 3 3, 4 Interiors of right valves showing the hinge and strong clavicle. (3X 1%; 4, X 2) Locatiéy. Pine rill NN: Nuculites (Ditichia) doto nov. Page 140 5-8, 10 Internal casts of valves showing the degree of development of the clavicular ridges. ((5)47/axe2" ao eno kaa Oana») g Cast of the hinge of the right valve. x 3 Tzocatity. Pine Tall; N.Y: Carydium gregarium Beushausen (See plate 5) Page 141 11,12 Internal cast of left valve, natural size and x 5, the latter showing the character of the hinge 13, 14 Similar internal casts showing the denticulated ridge (groove). (13) Se tE4 x75) Macrodus ? desuetus nov. Page 141 15 Internal cast of right valve showing the hinge structure. x 1% 16, 17 Internal cast and exterior of other valves. x 1% Locality. Pine Hill, N. Y. Goniophora cercurus nov. Page 141 18 Sculpture cast of right valve showing part of hinge 1g Internal cast with radial pallial markings well defined 20 Exterior, showing normal form and sculpture 232 NEW YORK ORISKANY G.S.Barkentin del J.B.Lyon Co. State Printer Internal casts showing the variation in the character of the pallial 2M 22 markings Localtty. Pine Hill, N. Y. Lunulicardium ? sp. Page 141 23° -Aleft-valve Loraliiy eo Pines ell NEY. 233 8 PLATE 34 Megalanteris diobolaris nov. Page 142 , 2. Internal casts of ventral valves Internal cast of a dorsal valve Exterior of a ventral valve Internal cast of a ventral valve Locality. Pine Hill, N. Y. Spirifer aroostookensis Clarke (See plates 30, 34) Page 143 Exterior of a dorsal valve Exterior of a ventral valve. The radial striations here shown sinus are seldom seen. A ventral valve on the 9, 10 Enlargements of the surface showing the flattened slightly sulcate ribs and their fimbriate character 11 Internal cast of ventral valve 12, 13. Exteriors of dorsal and ventral valves 14 A small dorsal valve with rugose margin 15, 16 Dorsal and profile views of an entire specimen. x 1% Locality. Pine Hill, N. Y. Leptocoelia flabellites (Conrad) Page 142 (7-20 A series of figures showing the usual character of this species in this fauna Locality. Pine tall; INe-Y. Chonetes (Eodevonaria) cf. arcuata Hall nov. Page 144 21-31 A series of views illustrating the various external and internal characters of this shell. Natural size (23, x 2) Locality. Pine Hill, N. Y. 234 NEW YORK ORISKANY Chonetes highlandensis nov. Page 144 32-41 A series of illustrations showing the characters and variations of this species. All x 3 Localitye eine tills NeoY. 235 LIN IBM 3.¢ Page numbers referring to descriptions of fossils are printed in black face type. Acaste, 96. Actinopterella, 72. Actinopteria, 102. communis, 148. insignis, 148. textilis, 63, 73, 89, 148. arenaria, 148. Allerisma, 61. explanation of plate, 222. Ambocoelia sp., 151. Ami, H. M., cited, ro, 156. Amphigenia elongata, 8r. parva, 58, 61, go. Anastrophia verneuili, 132, 150. Annapolis, Nova Scotia, 155. Annelids, 132, 146. Anoplia nucleata, 122, 128, 151. L’Anse au Sauvage, fault and infall at, 163-64. Arenaceous Devonic faunas of Somerset, Piscataquis and Penobscot counties, Maine, 52-90. Aroostook channel, 154, 161. Aroostook county, Me., 52; Devonic faunas | of the Chapman Plantation, 91-128. Askwith siding, 60, 71, 87. Asterolepis clarkii, 95, 127. Astylospongia inornata, 50, 51. Athyris princeps, 9. Atrypa reticularis, 9, 14, 42, 61, 81, 90, 1Ggiy WO: Aulopora, 50, 153. cf. schoharie, 153. Autodetus beecheri, 138, 146. explanation of plate, 230. Avicula, 57. reticulata, 26. rigomagensis, 26. Aviculopecten sp., 148. alcis, 62, 70, 89. explanation of plate, 192. flammiger, 60, 61, 71, 89. explanation of plate, 192. cf. gebhardi, 62, 70, 89, 148. explanation of plate, 194. recticosta, 148. Bailey, Prof., mentioned, 9. Barrett, S. W., cited, 136. Bassler, R. S., cited, 20. Beachia, 113. suessana, 132, 142, 149. Beecher, C. E., cited, 46. Bellerophon sp., 147. brevilineatus, 139. coutinhoanus, 99. trisulcatus, 98, 99. var. acutus, 99. var. tumidus, 99. Bernardston, 156. Beushausen,, U5, cited) 325 33) 74h 7s 8s IOI, 107, IOg, III, 141; mentioned, 113, 116. Beyrichia sp., 147. halli, 2t. kloedeni, 127. var.?, 96-97. var. acadica, 13, 19, 97. manliensis, 20. notata ventricosa, 19. oculina, 97, 127. sussexensis, 20. tuberculata, 96. Billings, E., cited, 52, 55, 57, 105; men- tioned, 9. Bollia halli, 21. 37 238 Bon Ami beds, 7, 12; fauna, Io. Brachiopods, 132, 149- majus, 45. schuchertanum, 45, 133, 151. See also Stropheodonta. Brassua lake, Maine, 59, 80, 88. Bronteus barrandii var. major, 13, 18. explanation of plate, 168. Bryozoa, 133, 152. Bucaniella, 99. Bucinum arculatum, tot. Calamopora fibrosa, 50. Calymene blumenbachii, 9. Camarotoechia, 14, 39- Spy 112, 128. explanation of plate, 226. acutiplicata, 132, 149. barrandil, 149. bialveata, 149. biplicata,. 149. dryope, 112, 128, 149. explanation of plate, 226. fitchana, 149. formosa, 39. cf. heteroclita, 128. multistriata, 149. oblata, 149. pliopleura, 149. principalis, 149. ramsayl, 149. septata, 149. speciosa, 149. cf. varia, 128. - Canadian Pacific Railway, 60, 87. Cape Bon Ami, see Bon Ami. Capulus kahlebergensis, 102. Cardiomorpha (Goniophora?) simplex, 59, 77, 89. explanation of plate, 196. Carydium, 32. elongatum, 14, 33. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Carydium elongatum, explanation of plate, 176. gregarium, 14, 33, I4I, 149. explanation of plates, 176, 232. sociale, 33. | Cephalopods, 147. Ceratocephala tuberculata, 132, 147. Chadwick, George H., cited, 129, 130, 131, 134, 135. Chaetetes sphaericus, 152. Channels of early Devonic, 153-56. Chapman Plantation, fauna, 17, stratigraphy of, 93-94. Chapman sandstone, fauna, 6, 13-15, 89- go; description of fauna, 95-126; dis- tribution, 127—28. Chonetes, 57. (Eodevonaria) cf. arcuata, 144, I51. explanation of plate, 234. aroostookensis, 120-22, 128. explanation of plate, 227. billingsi, 145. canadensis, 61, 86, go, 121. explanation of plate, 208. dilatata, 144. falklandicus, 121, 122. highlandensis, 144-45, 151. explanation of plate, 235. (Eodevonaria) hudsonicus, 58, 61, 86, go, 151. explanation of plate, 207. impensus, 62, 85, 90. explanation of plate, 207. 91-128; laticosta, 145. latus, 121. mucronatus, 145. nectus, 61, 86, go, 145. explanation of plate, 207. nova-scoticus, 121. paucistria, 122, 128. explanation of plate, 227. rostrata, 151. sarcinulatus, 121. var. planus, 121. INDEX TO EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 239 Chonetes striatellus, rar. Crania agaricina, 48. Chonostrophia complanata, 87, 151. pulchella, 133, 152. dawsoni, 61, 62, 87, 90. Craniella agaricina, 15, 48. explanation of plate, 207. Crinoids, 152; from the Grande Gréve lime- jervisensis, 151. stone, 164-66. Cladopora smicra, 152. Crustacea, 147. styphelia, 134, 152. Cryptonella fausta, 149. Clark, BY Ee, cited; 120: Cucullella elliptica, 37, 78. Clarke, John M., cited, 130, 134. ovata, 36. Coblentzian fauna, 13-15, 89-90, 127-28, | Cyphaspis minuscula, 147. TG He Cypricardella sp., 111, 128. Coelidium, 24. explanation of plate, 222. strebloceras, 13, 23. bicostata, 77. explanation of plate, 170. elongata, 77. tenue, 13, 23, 62, 69, 89, 99-100, 127. norumbegae, 14, 34. explanation of plate, 212. | explanation of plate, 178. Coelospira acutiplicata, 150. | parmula, 59, 77, 89. concava, 133, 150. explanation of plate, 198. dichotoma, 150. Cypricardinia crenistriata, 76. Coleolus acus, 138, 146. distincta, 76. explanation of plate, 230. lamellosa, 132, 149. Conchula steiningeri, ror. magna, 58, 89. Connecticut Valley trough, 156-61. magna or cf. crenistriata, 76. Connelly conglomerate, 135. explanation of plate, 196. Conocardium, 9. planulata, 76. incarceratum, 14, 37, 112. Cypricardites, 74. explanation of plate, 176. Cyrtia dalmani, 9. inceptum, 37, 38, 112, 128, 149. Cyrtina affinis, 63, 85, go. explanation of plate, 223. chalazia, 14, 40. rhenanum, 38. explanation of plate, 180. Conularia sp., 147. cf. heteroclita, 120. cf. huntiana, 98, 127. rostrata, 132, 144. explanation of plate, 210. varia, 120, 144. lata, 147. Cyrtodonta, 57, 73. pyramidata jervisensis, 147. explanation of plate, 220. Corals, 134, 152-53. beyrichi, 62, 73, 89. Cordania becraftensis, 147. explanation of plate, 196. hudsonica, 147. muscula, 62, 74, 89. Cornulites, 63. explanation of plate, 196. sp., 67, 89. Cyrtolites expansus, 65, 69, 89, 148. explanation of plate, 191. explanation of plate, 191. cingulatus, 146. Crania, 15, 48. Dale, T. Nelson, cited, 158. 240 NEW YORK Dalhousie beds, 7~52; Dr Ami responsible for term, 10; illus., 16; shore section of, 43. Dalhousie channel, 153, 154, 161. Dalhousie fauna, 6, 9, 89-90, 127-28, 132- 34; range and distribution, 13 affinity of derberg in its constitution, 17; with Coblentzian, description species, 18-51. Dalmanella cf. circularis, 7h 61, 88, go. explanation of plate, 208. concinna, drevermanni, 125, 128. explanation of plate, 228. perelegans, 133, 145-46, 151. planoconvexa, 88, 133, 145, I5I. 122 Bay Lok quadrans, 133, 151. subcarinata, 133, 151. Dalmanites, 9, 57. Sp. 165, 07,80, 132) Laz. explanation of plate, 190. bisignatus, 66, 147. coxius, 156. dentatus, 66, 136, 140, 147. zone, age of fauna, 136. dolbeli, 66. emarginatus, 138, 147. explanation of plate, 230. lunatus, 156. Gj. Micrurus, 13, 18, 66, 96, 127. explanation of plate, 168, 210. phacoptyx, 66, 147. pleuroptyx, 58, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 89, L325 Ai. explanation of plate, 190. ploratus, 63, 65, 66, 89. explanation of plate, 190. (Synphoria) stemmatus, 147. var. convergens, 147. Dana, cited, 16r. Darton, N. H., cited, 120. Davidson, Thomas, cited, 44, 121. Davis, W. M., cited, 130. STATE MUSEUM | Dawson, J. W., cited, 7-9, 57, 155. Devonic, early, in eastern New York, 129- 62. Devonic faunas, of Somerset, Piscataquis and Penobscot counties, Maine, 52-90 of the Chapman Plantation, 91~128. Diaphorostoma desmatum, 63, 65, 68, 89, 148. nearpassi, 148. pastillus, 140, 148. explanation of plate, 230. ventricosum, 62, 63, 65, 68, 89, 148. Dictyonema cj. splendens, 15, 50, 153. Diphyphyllum, 9. Discina ampla, 126. grandis, 126. Ditichia, 64. doto, see Nuculites (Ditichia) doto cf. elliptica, 78, 89. explanation of plate, 198. mira, 78. securis, see Nuculana (Ditichia) securis. Drevermann, F., assistance from, 93; work of, 115; acknowledgments to, 118; cited, 106, to8; mentioned, 123. Duncan, cited, 50, 51. | Duncanella rudis, 134, 152. Eatonia medialis, 132, 150. peculiaris, 132, 150. singularis, 132, 150. sinuata, 150. whitfieldi, 150. Edmondia? sp., explanation of plate, 178. | Edmunds Hill, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, LOL, LO2, OZ) LO4 LOS coe MLO Swern lS TiS Laos 1212) eL2i2 2A) 125, 126, 127-28. Edriocrinus becraftensis, 152. sacculus, 152. Ells, R. W., cited, ro. Emerson, B. K., cited, 157. Enterolasma strictum, 134, 152. II2, TG el20; INDEX TO EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 241 Eodevonaria cf. arcuata, see Chonetes (Eodevonaria) cf. arcuata. hudsonicus, see Chonetes (Eodevonaria) hudsonicus. Eotomaria, roo. hitchcocki, 100, 127, 139, 148. explanation of plate, 212. Esopus grit, 160. Euomphalus? 25. disjunctus, 13, 24. explanation of plate, 170. sinuatus (7), 9. Explanation of plates, 167-235. Favosites, 11. > basaltica, 9. gothlandica, 9. helderbergiae, 15, 49, 134, 152. hemisphaericus, 15, 48. niagarensis, 49, 50. polymorpha, 9. Fenestella, 9. biseriata, 152. Fishes, 146. Follmannella, 72. Folsom farm, 66. Forillon, sketch map, 163; fault and infall at L’Anse au Sauvage, 163-64. Frech, F., cited, 106. Fucoides cauda-galli, 58. Gaspé, 16. Gaspé channel, 153, r6r. Gaspé sandstones, 162, 163; fauna, 154. Gastropods, 132, 147-48. Glenerie limestone, 135. Goniophora sp.?, 89. explanation of plate, 174. cercurus, 141, 148. explanation of plate, 232. cognata, 106-7. curvata, 14, 31. explanation of plate, 174. Goniophora simplex, see (Goniophora) simplex. Gorgonia, 51. Grammysia, 148. Sp., 108, 127. explanation of plate, 176. modiomorphae, 108, 127. explanation of plate, 220, pes-anseris, 75. priumiensis, 108. Grand lake, 64. Grande Gréve limestone, 161, 162; fauna, 10, 89-90, 127-28, 132-34, 154; crincid from, 164-66. Graptolites, 153. Gregory, Herbert E., cited, gr. Cardiomorpha Hall, James, cited, 21, 23, 112, 120, 129, 139, 144, 166. Halysites catenularius, 15, 50. catenulatus, 9. Hartnagel, C. A., cited, 158. Hartz mountains, 102. Hederella sp., explanation of plate, 209. arachnoidea, 153. graciliora, 153. magna, 153. ramea, 153. Helderbergian beds, fauna, 13-15, 16, 89- gO, 127-28, 132-34, 154; altitude, 157. Hemitrypa columellata, 152. Highland Mills, Oriskany fauna, 130, 136- 46. Hind, cited, 8. Hinde, 51. Hindia sp., 126, 128. fibrosa, 15, 50, 134, 153. sphaeroidalis, 50. Hipparionyx, 124. minor, 124-25, 128. explanation of plate, 228. proximus, 54, 64, 65, 88, 90, 124, 151. explanation of. plate, 208. 242 NEW Hitchcock, C. H., cited, 52,54, 56, 62, 65, or. Holopea sp., explanation of plate, 212. antiqua, 23. cf. antiqua var. pervetusta, 13, 23. explanation of plate, 168. beushauseni, IOI, 127. explanation of plate, 212. enjalrani, 13, 21. explanation of plate, 168. enjalrani var. corrugata, 13. 22. explanation of plate, 168. Holopella obsoleta, roo. Homalonotus s#., 147. major, 147. vanuxemi, 62, 64, 65, 67, 89, 95, 127, 032, D477). explanation of plates, 190, 210. Huntington, J. H., cited, 56. ‘Hyolithus centennialis, 147. Indian Cove, fault and infall at, 163-64. Isochilina sp., 147. Isotrypa Sp., 152. Jackman farm, 61, 81, 82, Jackson, C. T., cited, 52, 55, 62. Janeia sp.?, 14, 35. Jones, T. R., cited, 19, 97. Kahleberg, 102. Kayser, E., assistance from, 93; acknowl- edgments to, 113, 118; specimens from, rr. Ings works of, 175; cited, $2, 845 100, 108, 120, 124, 126; mentioned, 125. Keferstein, cited, 75. Kineo, 66. Kineo bay, 62. Kingston beds, 130. Kionoceras cf. rhysum, 13, 21. Kirk, Edwin, cited, 165. Kléden, cited, 97. Kloedenella halli, 13, 21. pennsylvanica, 13, 21. Kloedenia barretti, 21. YORK STATE MUSEUM ' Kloedenia mantliusensis, 13, 20. marginalis, 13, 20. nearpassi, 21. punctillosa, 13, 21. retifera, 13, 20. sussexensis, 13, 20. | | Lambe, L., cited, 48, 49, 50. Leperditia sp., 147. Leptaena concava, 46, 133. thomboidalis, 11, 15, 45, 122, 128, 133, EAA, Gite explanation of plate, 186. rhomboidalis var. ventricosa, 87, go. explanation of plate, 209. ventricosa, I§1. Leptaenisca, 46. adnascens, 46. concava, I5, 46, 15r. explanation of plate, 186. tangens, 46. Leptocoelia, 9. flabellites, 55~56, 57, 61, 62, 63, 81, go, 133, 142, 150. explanation of plates, 206, 234. Leptodomus canadensis, 76. communis, 108-9, 127. explanation of plate, 222. corrugatus, 109, 127. explanation of plate, 222. mainensis, 57. prunus, 63, 70, 89. explanation of plate, 198. striatulus, 76. Leptostrophia becki, 15, 46, 133, 144, 151. blainvillii, 123. explanata, 123, 124. magnifica, 58, 60, 64, 87, go, 123, 133, UE} 8 explanation of plates, 207, 208; silica replacements of ventral valves, illus. facing p. 134. magnifica protype parva, 123-24, 128. INDEX TO EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 243 Leptostrophia magnifica protype pavra, | explanation of plate, 228. magnifica var. tardifi, 123. magnifica tullia, 123. oriskania, 61, 62, 63, 64, 87, 90, 133, explanation of plate, 208. perplana, 123. planulata, 133, 151. Lichas cf. pustulosus, 147. Lichenalia cf. crassa, 152. torta, 133, 152. Lindstroem, G., cited, 23, 25. Lingula sp., 133, 152. Liopteria, 102. Loxonema? compacta, 23. sp. cf. funatum, 102, 127. explanation of plate, 212. highlandense, 140, 148. explanation of plate, 231. jerseyensis, 140, 148. Lunulicardium?, 149. Sp., 141-42. explanation of plate, 233. convexum, I4I, 146. Lyriopecten sp., 148. Tie Machaeracanthus sulcatus, 146. Macrocheilus sp., tor. Macrodus? baileyi, 14, 34. explanation of plate, 174. desuetus, 141, 148. explanation of plate, 232. matthewi, 14, 34. explanation of plate, 174. Marine algae, 51. explanation of plate, 188. Matagamon lake, Me., 56, 64, 65, 66, 67, (Key WO, On 2A Wily VS Wey 2 yl, ley OR Mather, W. W., cited, 129, 158. Matthew, G. F., cited, 155. Maurer, F., cited, 109, rir. Megalanteris, 113. condoni, 142, 143. diobolaris. 142-43, 149. Megalanteris diobolaris, plate, 234. cf. ovalis, 58, 61, 63, 81, 90, 132, 142, 149. explanation of plate, 202. Megambonia, 9. bellistriata, 149. crenistriata, 148. lamellosa, 148. Ovata, 30. ‘parva, 149. Melissosoa compacta, 13, 23. explanation of plate, 170. explanation of | Melocrinus micmac, 165. figure, 165. pachydactylus, 166. tiffanyi, 766. Meristella, 61, 63. Sp., 81, 90, 120, 128, 144. bella, 133, 150. laevis, 120, 133, 150. lata Sinai oven oO: lentiformis, 150. princeps, 14, 41, 133, 150. vascularia, 133, 150. Metaplasia pyxidata, 15r. | Misery stream, 60, 71, 80, 86, 87. Modiolopsis, 57. Modiomorpha sp., 107, 127. explanation of plate, 220. cymbula, 107. elevata, 107. imper, 14, 31. explanation of plate, 178. modiola, 107. odiata, 58, 64, 74, 80. explanation of plates, 196, 108. protea, 107, 127. explanation of plates, 218, 220. siegenensis, 107. vulcanalis, 106-7, 127. explanation of plate, 218. Monotrypella? abrupta, 152. arbusculus, 152. tabulata, 133, 152. NEW YORK 244 Monticulipora, 50. Moose brook, 82. Moose River sandstone, 53, 54; fauna, 6, | 17, 59, 61, 71, 81, 86, 88, 127-28; dis- tribution, 89—-go. Moosehead lake, fossils from, 55 62, 66, 67, 68, 609, 70, 72, 74, 7 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88. Mount Kineo, 59. Murchison, Sir Roderick, specimens pre- sented to Museum by, 93; cited, 32, 36, | 92, 100. Murchisonia, 57. angulata, 100. cingulata, 100. egregia, 100. hebe, 100. losseni, 100. Myalina, 106. STATE pterinaeoides, 106, 127. explanation of plate, 216, 218. solida, 30. Mytilarca sp., 141. dalhousie, 14, 30. explanation of plate, 176. ovata, 30. solida, 30 New Brunswick, passage from into New York, 153. Nucleospira concentrica, 14, 4i. elegans, 120, 128, 133, 150. ventricosa, 133, 150. Nucula cf. krachtae, 111, 128. explanation of plate, 223. Nuculana (Cucullella) elliptica, 37. securiformis, 37. (Ditichia) securis, 14, 37. explanation of plate, 180. Nuculites, 110. barretti, 149. branneri, 36. (Ditichia) doto, 140, 149. MUSEUM Nuculites (Ditichia) doto, explanation of plate, 232. cf. ellipticus, 111, 127. explanation of plate, 222. folles, see Palaeoneilo (Nuculites) folles. fraxinus, I4I, 149. explanation of plate, 232. cf. oblongatus, 111, 127. explanation of plate, 222. Nylander, Olof O., fossils arranged by, 91; assistance from, 92; cited, 53, 57, 58, 65. Okhlert, cited, 102. Oneida conglomerate, 158. Onondaga fauna, 13-15. Opercula of Euomphalus, explanation of plate, 168. Opercula of Gastropods, 13, 25. Orange county, Oriskany fauna, 130. Orbiculoidea sp., 15, 48. explanation of plate, 188. cf. ampla, 126, 128, 152. explanation of plate, 228. jervisensis, 152. cf. siegenensis, 126, 128. explanation of plate, 228. Oriskania navicella, 149. sinuata, 149. Oriskany sandstone, 129, 160; of Maine, 52, 54, 57; thickness, 57; line of division between Siluric and Devonic in, 92; at Highland Mills, 136-37; altitude, 157. fauna: 6, 13-15, 89-90, 127-28, 130, 132-34, 134-36, 154, 155; at High- land Mills, 138-46; of New York- New Jersey region, 146-53. Orthis sp., 125-26, 128. explanation of plate, 228. circularis, 125. mut. postuma, 125. deformis, 124. dorsoplana, 126. hybrida, 47. INDEX TO EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 245 Orthis interstriatus, see Stropheodonta | Palaeopinna (Orthis) interstriatus. multistriata, 47. musculosa, 55, 57. oblata, 9. See also Rhipidomella (Orthis) oblata. personata, 125. subcarinata, 125. tectiformis, 125, 120. tubulistriata, 9. Orthoceras, 57, 147. sp., explanation of plate, 210. cf. longicameratum, 13, 21. explanation of plate, 168. norumbegae, 97, 127. explanation of plate, 210. Orthonota solenoides, 32. Orthonychia tortuosa, 132, Orthothetes, 124. (Schuchertella) becraftensis, 133, 151. (Schuchertella) cf. deformis, 124, 128. explanation of plate, 228. (Schuchertella) radiatus, 15, 46. (Schuchertella) woolworthanus, 63, 87, OO, RS, mG Oxford Plantation, 57. 148, 165. Pachydomella, 13. Sp, 20. longula, 20. Palaeoneilo, 109. Spates E etl 27 7 explanation of plate, 222. circulus, I10, 127. explanation of plate, 222. (Nuculites) folles, 14, 36. explanation of plate, 18o. mainensis, I10, 127. explanation of plate, 223. maureri, 110. orbignyi, 36, 109-10, 127. explanation of plate, 223. Palae inna flabellum, 62, 65, 74, 89. flabellum, explanation of plate, 200. Palaeosolen, 59. simplex, 59, 77, 89, III, 128. explanation of plates, 200, 222. Parazyga deweyi, 150. Parlin Pond, fossils from, 55, 57, 61, 66, 68, STO2 Or Pectunculus plutonicus 14, 35. explanation of plate, 178. Pelecypods, 132, 148. Penobscot county, Me., 52, 64. Penobscot river, 56, 67, 72; east branch, 65. Pentamerus pseudogaleatus, 39. Perry-St John-Annapolis Devonic channel, Tye. dt(5) at | Phacopidella, 96. nylanderi, see nylanderi. Phacops sp., 147. anceps, 96. brasiliensis, 96. correlator, 96, 147. downingiae, 96. handwerki, 96. cf. logani, 95-96, 127, 132, 138, 147. var. gaspensis, 13, 18. (Phacopidella) nylanderi, 96, 127. explanation of plate, 210. primaevus, 96. Pholidops ovatus, 15, 48, 133, 152. terminalis, 58, 88, 90, 152. Phragmostoma diopetes, 64, 70, 89, 139. explanation of plate, 191. natator, 70 nitela, 139, 147. explanation of plate, 231. Piscataquis county, Me., 52, 62. Piscataquis-Somerset channel, 154, 161. Plates, explanation of, 167-235. Platyceras sp., 13, 24, 62, 63, 65, 68, 89. explanation of plate, 168. cf. calantica, 65, 68, 89. explanation of plate, ror. Phacops (Phacopidella) 246 NEW YORK Platyceras: cf. gebhardi, 148. hebes, 68, 89, 1o1--2, 127. explanation of plates, ror, kahlebergensis, 102, 127. explanation of plate, 212. lamellosum, 148. leboutillieri, ror, 127. explanation of plate, 212. nodosum, 148. platystoma, 148. reflexum, 148. retrorsum, 24. 211. subnodosum, 148. Platyostoma ventricosum, 57, 68, 148. Plectonotus derbyi, 64, 65, 69, 89, 98-99, eee explanation of plates, 191, 214. salteri, 99. Pleurodictyum lenticulare, 134, 152. Pleurotomaria, 9. capillaria, 138. haedillus, 138-39, 148. explanation of plate, 231. kleini, 100. Plumulites, 147. Poleumita, 89. Sp., 58, 69. Polypora sp., 152. cf. celsipora, 126, 128. separata, 152. Polyporella cf. compressa, 152. Port Daniel limestones, 9. Port Ewen beds, 130-31; fauna, 6, 1: Port Jervis limestone, 135. Presque Isle stream, 77, 92, a) nN | ios) 7s 99, 100, IOI, 103, 104, 105, TOLER To. amr. Proetus sp., 13, 19. explanation of plate, 168. conradi, 19, 147. 126, 127-28. phocion, 19. Prosocoelus, 75. ellipticus, 75. STATE MUSEUM | Prosocoelus orbicularis, 75. explanation of plate, 1908. | pes-anseris var. occidentalis, 58, 75, 89. explanation of plate, 198. Pterinea, 72, 106, 148. SP, O45 TOA) L276 9140. explanation of plates, 172, 192, 214, Tce brisa, 104, 127. explanation of plate, brisa var. vexillum, 14, explanation of plate, chapmani, 103, 127. | explanation of plate, costata, 26. | edmundi, 28, 103-4, 127. explanation of plate, 214. edmundi var. subrecta, 104, 127. explanation of plate, 214. cf. fasciculata, 102-3, 127. explanation of plate, 216. fasciculata var. occidentalis, 13, 27. explanation of plate, 174. follmanni, 73, 106. (Pteronitella?) incurvata, 13. explanation of plate, 172. 28. intercostata, 13, 26, 29. explanation of plate, 172. laevis, 73, 104. mainensis, 62, 63, 71, 89. explanation of plate, 194. moneris, 63, 64, 73, 89. explanation of plate, 192. cf. pseudolaevis, 13, 26, 27. explanation of plate, 172. radialis, 64, 65, 72, 89, 103, 127. explanation of plates, 192, 194, 214. radialis var., 65. retroflexa, 27. Pterinopecten aroostooki, 105, 127. explanation of plate, 214. denysi, 13, 25. explanation of plate, 172. INDEX TO EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA Pterinopecten 148. explanation of plate, 172. pumilus, 148. signatus, 148. subequilatera, 148. wulfi, 13, 25, 26. explanation of plate, 172. Pteronitella hirundo, 14, 29. explanation of plate, 174. passer, 14, 30. explanation of plate, 174. peninsulae, 105, 127. explanation of plate, 216. Pteronites, 105. Pteropods, 147. Pterygotus sp., 13, 18. explanation of plate, 168. Ptychonema helderbergiae, 152. proteus, Rauff, H., cited, 50, 51. Reed, cited, 122. Rensselaer grit, 158-61. Rensselaeria, 59, 115. explanation of plate, 224. SP, WHS, BAe aequiradiata, 80, 149. atlantica, 79, 80, 112-15, 128. explanation of plate, 224. callida, 61, 79, 90. explanation of plate, 200. condoni, 142. crassicosta, 79, 80, 90, 113. explanation of plate, 200. diania, 61, 80, go. explanation of plate, 202. mainensis, 112. ovoides, 54, 55, 57, 62, 64, 65, 795 89, TUG, WGA, Te WEY, AeyelCoy explanation of plate, 200. (Amphigenia) parva, 81, 9o. explanation of plate, 202. portlandica, 114, 115. Rensselaeria 247 stewarti, 79, 50, 89, IT4. explanation of plates, 180, 202. strigiceps, 79, 113, 114, 115. figure, 115. Hey HI, Sie) Oh subglobosa, 132, 149. suessana, 113. Restigouche, fossils from, 9. Reteporina sp., 152. Reuter, cited, 97. Rhipidomella discus, 133, 151. emarginata, I51. eminens, 47. hybridoides, 15, 47. explanation of plate, 186. musculosa, 58, 59, 61, I5t. musculosa var. solaris, 88, go. explanation of plate, 208. numus, 15, 47. explanation of plate, 188. (Orthis) oblata, 47, 133, 151- Rhombipora rhombifera, 152. Rhynchonella oblata, 55, 57. vellicata, 9. Rhynchospira formosa, 133, 150. Ries, Heinrich, cited, 129, 137. Roemer, F., cited, 5r. Rogers, H. D., cited, 57. Rominger, C., cited, 48, 49. Round pond, 62. Ruedemann, R., cited, 131. St Alban beds, fauna, 10, 13-15, 16, 127- Rey, WGA evil a Ao St Helens island, Montreal, 162. St John, New Brunswick, 155. Sandberger, cited, 78, 99. Sandwich, Me., 60. Sanguinolites decipiens, 32. Schizocrania superincreta, 152. Schizophoria multistriata, 15, 477, 133, 152- explanation of plate, 185. Schnur, cited, 123. 248 NEW Schoharie grit, 160. Schuchert, Charles, cited, 130; mentioned, IO. Schuchertella, 124. See also Orthothetes (Schuchertella). Schwarz, E. H. L., acknowledgments to, 122. Seupin, work of, 115; cited, 83, 84. Second lake, 64. Shawangunk grit, 158. Sherborn, C. Davies, collections made by, 93- Shimer, H. W., cited, 129, 131, 135, 136. Sieberella pseudogaleata, 11, 14, 39. explanation of plate, 180. Solen simplex, 77. Solenopsis, 58. Sp., '78, 89. explanation of plate, 200. Somerset county, Me., 52, 154; section, Sowerby, cited, 121. Sphenotus ellsi, 14, 32. explanation of plate, 174. Spirifer, 58, 59, 84, 115-16. sp.?, explanation of plate, 206. antarcticus, 82, 83. arduennensis, 85, 118. arenosus, 54, 61, 65, 83, 90, 132, 150. explanation of plate, 204. aroostookensis, 85, 90, 119, 128, 143-44, Te explanation of plates, 206, 226, 2 arrectus, 82, 83. 58- 34. capensis, 83. carinatus, 84. chuquisaca, 82, 83. concinnus, 14, 39, 85, 117, 132, 143, 144. explanation of plates, 182, 206. cyclopterus, 62, 84, 90, 132, 143, 150. cymindis, 117-18, 119, 128, 144. explanation of plate, 226. cymindis var. sparsa, 118-19, 128. explanation of plate, 226. YORK STATE MUSEUM Spirifer decheni, 82, 118. fallax, 82. fimbriatus, 84. gerolsteinensis, 40. hercyniae, 82. var. primaeviformis, 82. hystericus, 116. macropleura, 120, 132. macropleuroides, 119-20, 128. explanation of plate, 226.. mesastrialis, 119. modestus, 132, 50. murchisoni, 32, 83, 85, 131, 132, 144, 150. nearpassi, 150. nerei, 118. orbignyi, 82, 83. perimele, 58, 84, go. explanation of plate, 202. perlamellosus, 14, 40, 132. explanation of plate, 182. plicatellus, 119. plicatus, 41, T50. primaevus, 82. primaevus var. atlanticus, 58, 82, 90. explanation of plates, 204, 206. saffordi, 84, 150. subcuspidatus var. lateincistis, 116-17, 128. explanation of plate, 227. figure, 116. togatus, 120. var. subsinuata, 120, tribulis, 150. undiferus, 4o. Spirifera arrecta, 55, 57- cycloptera, 9. pyxidata, 55, 57. Spirophyton caudagalli, 146. Spirorbis sp., 13, 18, 95, 127. assimilis, 146. Spitz, cited, 25. Sponges, 134, 153. Springer, F., cited, 166. INDEX TO EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 249 Square Lake limestone, fauna, 154. Stenocisma formosum, 150. Stenopora, 9. Stewart’s Cove, 7; tllus., 8, 22, 29, 36, 43. Stictopora sp., 152. Stony brook, 61, 71, 81, 87. Streptorhynchus radiata, 57. umbraculum, 124. Stropheodonta, 42. beckii, 46. (Orthis) interstriatus, 44. linklaeni, 151. cf. magniventer, 122, 128, 151. (Brachyprion) major, 14, 43, 45. explanation of plate, 184. nobilis, 45. patersoni protvpe bonamica, 14, 43, 44. explanation of plate, 184. precedens, 44. (Brachyprion) schuchertana, 14, 43, 45. explanation of plate, 184. varistriata, 14, 42, 43. explanation of plate, 182. vascularia, 151. Strophomena magnifica, 55, 57. punctifera, 9. punctulifera, 9. radiata, 46. rhomboidalis, 9, 57. varistriata, 9. Strophonella conradi, 151. continens var. equiplicata, 45. leavenworthana, 133, 151. punctulifera, 15, 45, 133, 151. explanation of plate, 184. Strophostylus expansus, 148. Synphoria stemmatus, see (Synphoria) stemmatus. Syringopora, 9, 50. Dalmanites Taonurus, 156. Telos lake, 62, 66, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 76, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88. Telosinis (Telosmis) lake, 62. Tentaculites acula, 146. ? acus, 138. elongatus, 132, 138, 146. explanation of plate, 230. leclercqius, 68, 89. perceensis, 64, 65. scalaris, 64, 68, 89, 98, 127. explanation of plate, 210. Terebratula gaudryi, 114. Trachypora oriskania, 153. Trematospira sp., 150. costata, 150. multistriata, 150. perforata, 133, 150. perforata var. atlantica, 14, 41. explanation of plate, 180. Trigeria, 115. gaudryi, 39. portlandica, 39. Trilobites, 132. Trochus ? helicites, too. Tropidocyclus brevilineatus, 139, 146, 147. explanation of plate, 230. rotalinea, 139, 146, 147. explanation of plate, 231. Tropidodiscus obex, 62, 64, 69, 89, 99, 27e explanation of plates, 191, 213. Ulrich, E. O., cited, 20, 74. Uncinulus abruptus, 132, 150. campbellanus, 132, 149. mutabilis, 132, 150. nobilis, 132, 149. pyramidatus, 132, 149. vellicatus, 132, 149. ventricosus, 132, 149. Unitrypa acclivis, 152. lata, 152. van Ingen, Gilbert, collections made by, 53; cited, 129, 131. 250 NEW, YORK STATE MUSEUM Vermipora serpuloides, 153. streptocoelia, 153. Verneuil, cited, 100. Verworn, cited, 19. Wachsmuth, C., cited, 166. Walcott, C. D., cited, 19. Wardell, H. C., cited, 136. Webster lake, 63, 68, 73, 82, 85. Weller, Stuart, cited, 96, 129, 135, 136. White, David, cited, 51. Whiteaves, J. F., cited, 25. Whitfield, R. P., cited, 156. | Williams, Henry S., cited, 53, 72, 91, 92, 155- | Woodward, A. Smith, collections made by, 93'- Worcester trough, 161. Zaphrentis, 9, 11. roemeri, 50, 134, 152. shumardi, 15, 50. Es oe a a) dy Ve i ool > * ° > aa -_ a rr : “ = : ” 7= i > a a | ‘ i. pen - iy ne ie . % Ve if NG ae