2012-2013

DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE

Determination, persistence, stamina, confidence, inquisitiveness and
patience are among the cornerstones of a successful Career in science.

Humor, wit, stubbornness and charm don’t
hurt either. These characteristics and more
made Farish A. Jenkins Jr. an esteemed
mentor, teacher, colleague and friend to
many—in fact, to just about everyone. On
November 11, 2012, we said goodbye to this
beloved member of the MCZ. Farish touched
us deeply, and he is remembered fondly by all
who knew him. He really was one of a kind.

In anticipation of Farish’s retirement, which
had been scheduled for this past summer,
last year we launched a formal search

to hire his successor as MCZ’s Curator

of Vertebrate Paleontology and faculty
member in Organismic and Evolutionary
Biology. This search concluded successfully,
and I am extremely pleased to introduce

Dr. Stephanie Pierce, BSc, MSc, PhD, and
welcome her to the MCZ. Stephanie will join
us beginning in fall 2014 after she completes
a very successful lectureship appointment

at the Royal Veterinary College and the
University of Cambridge, UK. More of
Stephanie’s professional background and
research accomplishments are described
elsewhere in this report.

Detailed plans, developed over many years,
to insure the long-term care and utilization
of many of our specimen collections are
finally being realized. The mammalogy
collection has already moved into MCZ’s
new State-of-the-art research and teaching
facility in the Northwest Building, essentially
ending Phase I of the project. As I write
this, the ornithology collection is making a
similar migration as the centerpiece of
Phase II. Additional collections are
preparing for their move beginning this
coming year, which will complete Phase III.

Many of the projects and collaborations
that help sustain our reputation as a global

center for research and education in
comparative biology are highlighted in
this report. By participating in national
initiatives such as Advancing Integration
of Museums into Undergraduate Programs,
Network Integrated Biocollections Alliance
and Advancing Digitization of Biological
Collections, we are developing and
implementing new tools that foster
access to and utilization of museum
collections. And the Encyclopedia of
Life Learning + Education Group, based
here, continues to develop innovative

ways to promote bioliteracy worldwide.

Beginning two years ago, the Faculty of
Arts and Sciences initiated a major effort
to strengthen, support and highlight the
public activities of its six research and
teaching museums, including the MCZ.
The most tangible results are the launch,
earlier this year, of the Harvard Museums
of Science & Culture and the hiring of
its executive director, Ms. Jane Pickering.
Under Jane’s leadership, the HMSC will
manage exhibits, outreach events and other
public programs while also encouraging
more extensive integration of its
component museums, and especially their
world-class collections, within the academic
life of the university. The MCZ stands to
benefit greatly from this affiliation, and I
look forward to sharing new developments

and accomplishments in future reports.

I close by thanking and applauding the

Cover photo credits:

faculty-curators, staff, postdoctoral fellows Top, left to right: Naomi Pierce; Christopher

and students for their role in making Kenaley; JumpStart Youth Connection;
Jonathan Losos; Catherine Weisel

2012-2013 a successful and productive
year at the MCZ.

Bottom, left to right: Andrew Williston;
Mananne Espeland; Shane Campbell-

Staton; Gonzalo Ginibet; Jere miah Trimble

Opposite page: Tiktaalik roseae by
Stephanie Mitchell, Harvard University
News Office

James Hanken

Director

Saree ANNUAL Report 2012-2013
— aX

Catherine Weisel

Dr. Stephanie Pierce

3-D reconstruction of Ichthyostega

M

/

filmed fora

Stephanie Prerce

I

I

ZOOLOGY

INTRODUCING THE MCZ’s NEWEST

FACULTY-CURATOR

The MCZ welcomes Dr. Stephanie Pierce as the new
Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology and a faculty
member in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology.

She will be joining the MCZ in fall 2014 after
completing her lectureship appointment at
the Royal Veterinary College, UK. “Both MCZ
and OEB are delighted that Stephanie has
agreed to join us,” says MCZ Director James
Hanken. “She will bring unique talents and
expertise that nicely complement those of
faculty across campus, and I anticipate many
fruitful collaborations in both research and
teaching. We’re also very much looking
forward to having Stephanie oversee the
MCZ’s vertebrate paleontology collections and
associated laboratories in their new home in

the Northwest Building.”

A fascination with vertebrate evolution led
Dr. Pierce to study the interaction of muscles
and bones during feeding and movement.
Most recently, she has been examining the
locomotion of the earliest limbed vertebrates
to decipher how their muscular and skeletal
systems evolved as they made the transition

from water to land.

In an innovative project, Dr. Pierce led a team
that created a 3-D computer model of the
skeleton of [chthyostega, one of the first four-
legged creatures to transition from water to
land during the Devonian period around 400

million years ago.

“Reconstructing the anatomy and biology

of the earliest tetrapods is paramount to
unraveling the evolution of terrestrialization
and how that ultimately set up biodiversity
for the rest of Earth’s history,” says Dr. Pierce.
[he team used an X-ray micro-CT scanner to
build a complete skeleton from 12 different

fossil specimens.

Using the 3-D model, Dr. Pierce assessed
the range of motion of Ichthyostega’s

shoulder, elbow, hip and knee joints and

compared it to modern animals that live

both on land and in water.

The results were surprising. “Ever since its first
discovery almost a century ago, [chthyostega
was presumed to walk around on land on four
sturdy limbs—much like a salamander does
today. Now the evidence suggests that this
pivotal early tetrapod was moving more like a
mudskipper than a modern tetrapod.”

Mudskippers are fish that travel on land by
using their front fins like “crutches” to pull

the rest of their body along, and Jchthyostega’s
front limbs operated in much the same way.
Ichthyostega’s hind limbs would have barely
touched the ground, making them more useful
in the water than on land. This research, and

subsequent findings, were published in Nature.

Next, Dr. Pierce intends to use dynamic

3-D modeling techniques, such as X-ray
Reconstruction of Moving Morphology
(XROMM), to reconstruct the evolutionary
sequence of locomotor behaviors across

the water—land transition. This study will
incorporate important fossil material housed in

the MCZ’s vertebrate paleontology collections.

“Tam incredibly excited to join the MCZ

team and integrate their world class
vertebrate paleontology collections into my
research and teaching,” says Dr. Pierce. “The
unprecedented combination of specimen
access, technology and know-how will no
doubt lead to new insights into the water—land

transition and beyond.”

In addition to her work on early tetrapods,
Dr. Pierce is also interested in the functional
morphology of modern animals and other
extinct vertebrate groups, such as marine

reptiles and ancient crocodiles.

Rose Lincoln

MCZ FACULTYCURATORS

Andrew A. Biewener
Charles PR. Lyman Professor of Biology
Director, Concord Field Station

Prof. Biewener’s research focuses on
understanding the biomechanics,
neuromuscular control and
energetics of animal movement

on land and in the air. His goal is

to understand general principles
that govern the biomechanical and
physiological design of vertebrate
animals related to their movement in
natural environments.

Brian D. Farrell
Professor of Biology
Curator of Entomology

Prof. Farrell’s work focuses on whether
the diversity of species on Earth is a
cause or a consequence of the diversity
of roles that species play in ecosystems.

To understand the interplay of adaptation,
speciation and evolution over geological

Scott V. Edwards time, the Farrell lab focuses on the

Professor of Biology relationships between insects and plants.

Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Beetles are of particular interest because

Curator of Ornithology of their unparalleled species diversity and

Prof. Edwards’ research focuses on their ecological impact as herbivores,

the evolutionary biology of birds predators, fungal feeders, decomposers,

and relatives, combining field, parasites and pollinators. The lab has

museum and genomics approaches just completed the NSF-supported 4
to understand the basis of avian Beetle Tree of Life project, a collaborative E
diversity, evolution and behavior. and comprehensive evolutionary study E
Current projects utilize technologies aimed at understanding these insects’

to examine genome evolution many shifts among trophic levels. A new, complementary NSF-supported initiative to

across the reptile—bird transition; document the MCZ insect fossils has just begun.

phylogeography and speciation of

Australian and North American Because direct experience serves education, Farrell also leads long-term initiatives

birds; and the genomics of host- that provide educational and research opportunities and materials for undergraduates
parasite co-evolution between house by documenting species diversity in the Boston Harbor Islands and in the Dominican

finches and a recently acquired Republic. In July 2012, Farrell completed a yearlong Fulbright Scholarship to the

bacterial pathogen, Mycoplasma. Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic, where he
and his Dominican colleagues established a U.S.-style museum specimen study
laboratory with undergraduate researchers.

ANNUAL REporT 2012-2013 9
a LY ae <)

It was with profound sadness that MCZ bid
farewell to longtime colleague and friend

Farish A. Jenkins Jr., Professor of Biology,
Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology and
Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology, who passed
away on November 11, 2012.

One of the world’s leading biologists, Jenkins
considered himself a “hybrid” of anatomist,
zoologist and vertebrate paleontologist.
Combining a polymath’s curiosity with a
scientist’s tenacity, he worked both in the

lab with live animals and out in the field with
fossils, trekking across the globe from East
Africa to Greenland, the American West to the
Arctic tundra.

His quest to solve one of the great mysteries

of evolutionary biology—how swimming and

crawling creatures eventually evolved to walk,

run, jump and fly—was his lifelong passion. In

2004, Jenkins was part of a team that traveled

to Ellesmere Island in Nunavut Territory, Canada,

where they made the groundbreaking discovery [ies
of Tiktaalik roseae, the 375-million-year-old

fossil that represents a critical transitional stage

between fish and four-legged animals.

© Jared Leeds

Prof. Jenkins was one of Harvard’s most beloved professors, a man of rigorously high standards who took the time
to know every student by name and craft lectures that were part science, part art, part adventure and completely
unforgettable. A stylish dresser in his pressed white shirts, dapper suits and polished shoes, Jenkins was
nonetheless not above donning a body stocking painted with a human skeleton for an anatomy lecture or putting
on a peg leg to act out sections of Moby Dick to demonstrate theories of human gait. His intricate anatomical
illustrations, made on the blackboard with pieces of chalk whose ends he honed to sharp tips, revealed yet another
talent: world-class artist.

“Farish A. Jenkins was the epitome of a Harvard professor. He was a true gentleman with impeccable manners and
he had a deep love of learned institutions. He cared deeply for his students, and he was for many of them the best
teacher they would ever know. He was a superb scientist and model university citizen. Every pursuit received 100% of
his effort, and he expected the same of his students and his faculty colleagues,” recalls Professor James McCarthy.

Among his many accolades, Jenkins served as president of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in 1981-1982, was
the recipient of its Romer-Simpson Medal for lifetime achievement in 2009, received a Harvard College Professorship
in 2011 and was honored with a June 2012 MCZ symposium celebrating his decades-long career. He will long be
remembered for his profound impact on countless students, colleagues and collaborators worldwide.

A memorial fund has been established at the MCZ to support student fieldwork in evolutionary biology. Contributions
may be made to: Farish A. Jenkins Jr. Fund, c/o The Museum of Comparative Zoology, 26 Oxford Street, Harvard
University, Cambridge, MA 02138.

Gretchen Ertl

Gonzalo Giribet
Professor of Biology
Alexander Agassiz
Professor of Zoology
Curator of Invertebrate
Zoology

Prof. Giribet’s primary
research focuses

on the evolution,
systematics and
biogeography of
invertebrate animals.
Current projects in
the Giribet lab include
multidisciplinary
studies for Assembling
the Bivalve Tree of
Life, the diversity of Neotropical arachnids, and systematics
and biogeography of arthropods, mollusks, sponges,
sipunculans, platyhelminthes and onychophorans. He is also
interested in philosophical aspects of DNA sequence data
analysis, emphasizing homology-related issues.

© Casey Dunn

Hopi E. Hoekstra

Professor of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology
Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology
Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology
Curator of Mammalogy

Prof. Hoekstra combines field and laboratory work to
understand the evolution of mammalian diversity from
morphology to behavior.

Her research focuses on the genetic basis of adaptive
variation—identifying both the ultimate causes and the
proximate mechanisms responsible for traits that help
organisms survive and reproduce in the wild. Research in
the Hoekstra lab integrates ecological, behavioral, genetic
and molecular approaches.

James Hanken
Professor of Biology
Alexander Agassiz
Professor of Zoology
Curator of Herpetology
MCZ Director

Prof. Hanken combines
laboratory-based analyses
with fieldwork to
examine morphological
evolution, developmental
biology and systematics.
Current areas of research
include the evolution of
cranial patterning, the
developmental basis of
morphological novelty,
biodiversity informatics,
and the taxonomy and systematics of neotropical
salamanders. Prof. Hanken serves on the Executive
Committee of the Encyclopedia of Life (eol.org) and
on several other boards.

George V. Lauder

Professor of Biology

Henry Bryant Bigelow Professor of Ichthyology
Curator of Ichthyology

Prof. Lauder’s research focuses on the biomechanics of
fishes and the development of robotic models for studying
aquatic locomotion.

His current studies focus on the function of shark skin
and other surface structures, on the role of flexibility in
improving the efficiency of aquatic propulsion and on
how fishes control body and fin position as they maneuver
through obstacles. Additional broad interests include
biological fluid mechanics and theoretical approaches to
the analysis of form and function in organisms.

See ANNUAL Report 2012-2013
=<

Catherine Weisel

Stephanie Mitchell

Or

Rose Lincoln

6

Jonathan B. Losos

Monique and Philip Lehner Professor for
the Study of Latin America

Curator of Herpetology

Prof. Losos’ research focuses on the
behavioral and evolutionary ecology of
lizards, specifically how lizards interact
with their environment and how lizard
clades have diversified evolutionarily.

His laboratory integrates approaches
from systematics, ecology, behavior,
genetics and functional morphology,
taking both observational and
experimental approaches in the field
«<= and in the laboratory.

Naomi E. Pierce
Sidney A. and John Hessel
Professor of Biology
Curator of Entomology

Prof. Pierce’s primary research focuses
on the behavioral ecology of species
interactions, particularly cooperative
interactions between plants and their
pollinators, and symbioses between
ants and many different organisms
including bacteria, fungi, plants and
caterpillars of butterflies in the family
Lycaenidae. Prof. Pierce is interested

in how species associations such as
parasitism and mutualism influence the
evolutionary trajectories of each partner.

Some of this research is functional, searching for genes and/or pathways
involved in the evolution of insect herbivory on the one hand, or plant
resistance to pathogen/insect attack on the other. Other projects are
comparative, seeking to understand the adaptive advantages of traits
such as specialized diets in the Lepidoptera. Current grant-funded
research is also investigating environmental and genetic influences in the
evolution of social behavior in stingless bees.

Prof. Pierce has also been engaged in reconstructing the evolutionary
Tree of Life for ants, bees and butterflies, using the resulting molecular
phylogenies to analyze life history evolution, geographic distributions

and rates of diversification. In the MCZ entomology collections, Prof.
Pierce has been involved in a project to digitize and photograph the
butterflies. Recent grants have supported collection of ants of the Navajo
Nation, as well as the development of a database of locality records and
identification tools for ants from the American Southwest.

Kris Snibbe

Jon Chase

James J. McCarthy

Professor of Biological Oceanography

Alexander Agassiz Professor of Biological
Oceanography

Acting Curator of Malacology

Prof. McCarthy’s research focuses on factors
that regulate the processes of primary
production and nutrient supply in the ocean.
Through controlled laboratory studies and
field investigations, Prof. McCarthy and his
group examine the effects of strong seasonal
or interannual climate change on marine life
and biogeochemical systems.

Robert M. Woollacott
Professor of Biology

Curator of Marine Invertebrates

Prof. Woollacott’s research focuses on
aspects of marine invertebrate life history,
such as synchronization of reproductive
events and ecology and physiology of larvae.
Fopics of particular interest include larval
dispersal and population connectivity, as
well as human impacts on the distribution

of marine Organisms.

Jean-Francois Bertrand

AT

Jim Harrison

MCZ Emeriti

Kenneth J. Boss
Faculty-Curator, Emeritus
Professor of Biology, Emeritus

Prof. Boss, former Curator
of Malacology, has been
with Harvard for 40 years.
His research focus is the
classification, systematics
and evolution of mollusks, using data from shell
morphology, anatomy and zoogeography to analyze
the phylogenetic relationships within various groups
of gastropods and bivalves. He has also published on
the history of malacology. Prof. Boss has contributed
extensively to the Occasional Papers on Mollusks and
formerly served as editor for Breviora and the Bulletin
of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Richard C. Lewontin
Professor of Biology, Emeritus
Alexander Agassiz Professor of
Zoology, Emeritus

An evolutionary geneticist,
Prof. Lewontin pioneered
the field of molecular
population genetics by
merging molecular biology
and evolutionary theory,

as well as the philosophical
and social implications of
genetics and evolutionary
theory. Prof. Lewontin’s
current research involves computer simulation and

Nr 63 =

evaluation of statistical tests for selection. Among his many

books are The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change, Biology
as Ideology: The Doctrine of DNA; Human Diversity; and The
Triple Helix: Gene Organism and Environment. He served
as President of the Society for the Study of Evolution,
the American Society of Naturalists and the Society for
Molecular Biology and Evolution.

Edward O. Wilson

A. W. “Fuzz” Crompton
Faculty-Curator, Emeritus

Fisher Professor of Natural History,
Emeritus

Prof. Crompton, former Curator
of Mammalogy, was the Director
of the MCZ from 1970 to 1982
and the former Director of the
Peabody Museum of Natural
History, Yale University, and

the South African Museum,
Capetown. His primary

research interests are the origin and evolution of mammals,
functional anatomy, neural control and evolution of feeding

in recent and fossil vertebrates. Prof. Crompton is a fellow
of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the
American Association for the Advancement of Science. He
received two Guggenheim fellowships for his research on
vertebrate paleontology and functional morphology and in

2011 received the Romer-Simpson Medal from the Society of

Vertebrate Paleontology.

Herbert W. Levi
Faculty-Curator, Ementus
Alexander Agassiz Professor of
Zoology, Emeritus

A former Curator of
Arachnology, Prof. Levi's
research focuses on the
taxonomy of New World orb
weaving araneid spider genera.
The author of Spiders and Their
Kin, as well as numerous articles
on various spider genera, his
research has made possible
identification of 1,500 species in

66 genera in the Americas. Prof. Levi served as president of
the International Society of Arachnology and, in 2007, won
the ISA’s Eugene Simon Award for lifetime achievement for

his immense influence on spider research.

Honorary Curator in Entomology
Pellegrino University Professor, Emeritus

Prof. Wilson is considered the founder of sociobiology and evolutionary
psychology and has developed the basis of modern biodiversity conservation.
He has received many of the world’s leading prizes in recognition of his
research and environmental activism. He was awarded two Pulitzer Prizes

for his books The Ants (1990, with Bert Holldobler) and On Human Nature
(1978). In 2007, Prof. Wilson received the Technology, Entertainment,
Design (TED) Prize, where he articulated the concept of the Encyclopedia of
Life—a contemporary, dynamic Web page for every named species.

SSS ANNUAL REportT 2012-2013
ee

Justin Ide

Courtesy of the Ernst Mayr Library

a

OEB 155r: Biology of Insects
(offered fall 2013)

OEB 130: Biology of Fishes

{ OF COMPAR

Naomi Pierce

ZOOLOG'

COURSES IN 2012—2013 LED By
MCZ Facuity-CuRATORS

Organismic and Evolutionary
Biology

OEB 10: Foundations of Biological
Diversity (undergraduate)

Brian D. Farrell (and N. Michele Holbrook)
An integrated approach to the diversity of
life, emphasizing how chemical, physical,
genetic, ecological and geologic processes
contribute to the origin and maintenance
of biological diversity.

OEB 51: Biology and Evolution of
Invertebrate Animals (undergraduate )
Gonzalo Ginbet

Introduction to invertebrate diversity, with
special emphasis on the broad diversity of
animal forms, their adaptations to different
ecosystems and how these phenomena
shape animal evolution.

OEB 57: Animal Behavior (undergraduate )
Naomi E. Pierce (and Bence P. Olveczky)

A review of the behavior of animals under

natural conditions, with emphasis on both

mechanistic and evolutionary approaches.

OEB 121a: Research in Comparative
Biomechanics Seminar (undergraduate
and graduate)

Andrew A. Biewener, George V. Lauder

(and Stacey A. Combes, Anna G. Warrener)
Introduction to experimental techniques
used to investigate the structure and
physiology of vertebrates, where each
instructor offers research projects that are
undertaken in their laboratory.

OEB 130: Biology of Fishes (undergraduate
and graduate)

George V. Lauder

Explores the unparalleled diversity of fish
across different aquatic environments
including deep seas, intertidal zones, coral
reefs, polar waters, the vast Amazonian
basin and great East African lakes.

OEB 234: Topics in Marine Biology (graduate)
Robert M. Woollacott

Examines human impacts on marine life
and ecosystems of the sea.

OEB 255: Nature and Regulation of
Marine Ecosystems (graduate )

James J. McCarthy

A presentation of topics that are of current
interest in marine ecosystems, emphasizing
identification and quantification of biological
and environmental factors important in the
regulation of community structure.

OEB 275r: Phylogenomics, Comparative
Genomics and Adaptation (graduate )
Scott V. Edwards

Explores the ways in which comparative
genomics can inform phylogeny and
genomic adaptation, surveying recent
methods for harnessing thousands of loci
for phylogenetic reconstruction.

OEB 275br: Evolutionary Genomics and
the Museum: Enhancing Insight into
Evolutionary Processes Using Museum
Collections (graduate )

Scott V. Edwards, James Hanken

Explores the diverse ways to enhance
evolutionary studies via online databases for
genomics and museum collection through
discussions, presentations and video
conferencing across multiple institutions.

Jonathan Losos

Graduate Courses of

Reading and Research

OEB 307: Biomechanics, Physiology and
Musculoskeletal Biology

Andrew A. Biewener

OEB 310: Metazoan Systematics
Gonzalo Giribet

OEB 320: Biomechanics and Evolution of Vertebrates
George V. Lauder

OEB 325: Marine Biology
Robert M. Woollacott

OEB 334: Behavioral Ecology

Naomi E. Pierce

OEB 341: Coevolution
Bnan D. Farrell

OEB 345/E-PSCI 337: Biological Oceanography
James J. McCarthy

OEB 355: Evolutionary Developmental Biology
James Hanken

OEB 362: Research in Molecular Evolution
Scott V. Edwards

OEB 367: Evolutionary and Ecological Diversity
Jonathan B. Losos

OEB 370: Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics
Hopi E. Hoekstra

Andrew Williston

OEB 130: Biology of Fishes

Freshman Seminars

FRSEMR 21k: Monsters and Movers in the Deep
Robert M. Woollacott

Explores fantastic beasts of the sea, both imaginary
and real, using historical dimensions but emphasizing
contemporary sciences.

FRSEMR 22t: Why We Animals Sing (The Ways We Do)
Brian D. Farrell

Investigates the sounds and structures of different kinds
of acoustic animals—including birds, mammals, frogs and
insects—and the different kinds of habitats in which they
produce their songs and calls.

FRSEMR 25): Evolutionary Biology: The Lizard Perspective
Jonathan B. Losos

Examines the workings of evolution and adaptation
through one of the most diverse types of vertebrate animals.

FRSEMR 41u: Museums

James Hanken

Traces the history of museums from their beginnings to
the modern institutions of today, considering issues in
conservation, finances, exhibit design, legal and ethical
issues, and their role in contemporary society.

Freshman Seminar 25): Evolutionary

Biology: The Lizard Perspective

Sar NNUAL REPORT 2012-2013
eure

fe remiah Trimble

\ 4
r
'

OEB 275br: Evolutionary Genomics
and the Museum: Enhancing Insight

into Evolutionary Processes Using

Viuseum Collections

OEB 51: Biology and Evolution of

Invertebrate Animals

Life Sciences

LIFESCI 1b: An Integrated Introduction to
the Life Sciences: Genetics, Genomics and
Evolution (undergraduate )

Hopi I. Hoekstra (and Maryellen Ruvolo,
Kevin C. Eggan, Pardis Sabeti)

This course uses an integrated approach
to show how genetics and evolution are
intimately related, together explaining

the patterns of genetic variation we see in
nature and how genomics can be used to
analyze variation.

LIFESCI 2: Evolutionary Human
Physiology and Anatomy (undergraduate )
Andrew A. Biewener, George V. Lauder

(and Katherine J]. Hinde)

Explores human anatomy and
physiology from an integrated
framework, combining functional,
comparative and evolutionary
perspectives on how organisms work.

General Education

Science of Living Systems 22:

Human Influence on Life in the Sea
(undergraduate )

Robert M. Woollacott, James_]. McCarthy
Over-harvested fish stocks, pollution
and anthropogenic climate change
affect the stability and productivity of
marine ecosystems. This course asks
what we need to know about the causes
and effects of anthropogenic change
to best protect marine ecosystems and
ensure sustainable harvests from

the sea.

Harvard Extension School and
Harvard Summer School

BIOS E-225: Human Impacts on Marine
Organisms and Ecosystems

Robert M. Woollacott

Examines how anthropogenic-driven
events are impacting the structure and
function of marine communities,

BIOS S-74: Marine Life and
Ecosystems of the Sea

Robert M. Woollacott

A review of the life history and

adaptations of marine life and the
ecosystems of the sea, with emphasis
on understanding the fragility and
resilience of marine systems in the
face of anthropogenically driven
perturbations.

BIOS S-158: Study Abroad: Biodiversity
of the Dominican Republic

Brian D. Farrell

Explores the interplay of ecological
niches and evolutionary diversification
in the organisms and habitats of a
tropical island as a microcosm of the
evolution of biodiversity on Earth.

. Ra
Freshman Seminar 25): Evolutionary

a Biology. The Lizard Perspective

MCZ History

Two of the foremost evolutionary biologists of the 20th century were

successive directors of the MCZ. Alfred Sherwood Romer (1946-—

1961) assumed his post at the close of World War Il. He inherited 205

an institution in “desperate” financial straits due to limited income ad DIRECTORS pany
and rampant (wartime) inflation. Most salaries, he decried, “were : ; ; See
desperately small.” Yet, thanks to his skillful management and the

generosity of key supporters, especially George and Mabel Agassiz,

by the end of Romer’s tenure “the wolf is, for the moment at least, no

longer scratching at the door.”

The improved situation enabled Ernst Mayr (1961-1970) to prevail

over—indeed, to promote—an important expansion of MCZ, both

physically and programmatically. He initiated construction of a

new wing, the MCZ Laboratories, equipped for studies of behavior,

environmental physiology, population biology and biochemical

evolution, which would “enrich the intellectual atmosphere of the Professor Romer (left) welcoming

Museum.” He also helped establish the Concord Field Station and i oe ae May ons en
: Director of the Museum

secure the Estabrook Woods for field studies.

The changing of the guard between these two champions of
natural history museums in contemporary biology is captured in a
photograph from that year’s annual report.

9-9()13

—— ANNUAL REporT 2012-2
we <

Jonathan Losos

iz

GeoCenter Mons Klint

CL0OMI

I

ZOOLOGY

HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE COLLECTIONS

Specimens Relocate to Denmark
During six weeks in fall 2012, fossil
specimens of Greenland’s ancient fish,
amphibians, reptiles and mammals were
carefully swaddled in foam and toilet paper

for a 20-day sea voyage to Denmark.

The specimens were collected in
expeditions led by Farish A. Jenkins Jr.
during seven field seasons from 1988 to
2001. These expeditions to the Triassic
Fleming Fjord Formation yielded
significant finds, notably a nearly complete
Plateosaurus dinosaur and its footprints
that contributed to Prof. Jenkins’

research on the dinosaur and its gait.

[he researchers also discovered a small
mammal, Haramiyavia clemmenseni, whose
specialized teeth suggest that mammals may
have diversified earlier than was previously

thought, possibly in the Middle Triassic.

Prof. Jenkins was joined on the expeditions

by colleagues from Denmark and the

United States. Under the collecting
agreement with the Kingdom of Denmark,
the specimens would be housed in the
MCZ collections for research during

Prof. Jenkins’ tenure. Over the years the
specimens have been used for research
projects—both by Jenkins and his

students—and for teaching purposes.

In anticipation of Prof. Jenkins’ retirement,
arrangements were made to return the
specimens to Denmark. Jessica Cundiff,
Acting Curatorial Associate and Collections
Manager for Vertebrate Paleontology;
Mark Renczkowski; Bridget Power; Richard
Knecht; Tsuyoshi Takahashi; and Victoria
Wilke painstakingly prepared and packed
90 specimens ranging in size from tiny
mammal teeth that fit in a small box to the
Plateosaurus dinosaur, which required five

crates.

Sixteen heat-treated wooden crates were

specifically constructed to safeguard the

fossils during their long sea voyage. Small
fragile specimens were placed in plastic
boxes with foam sheets cut around their
form. Larger specimens, such as the
Plateosaurus, were sunk into beds of two-
inch-thick foam blocks for added protection.
Other less fragile specimens were wrapped

in toilet paper and layered in the crates.

Prof. Jenkins felt that toilet paper was

one of the best materials for wrapping
fossils in the field as well as for cushioning
them during shipment. “In a memorable
moment during the packing process, Farish
proclaimed how important it is to have
toilet paper in the field—not only for its
intended use, but also for wrapping fossils,”
says Cundiff. “He proceeded to show us

his fossil-wrapping technique, and then
critiqued our skills and the aesthetics of our

toilet paper bundles.”

The specimens arrived in December

2012 at the GeoCenter Mons Klint, a
geological museum on the island of Mon
in southeastern Denmark. Curators at the
GeoCenter were particularly excited to
receive the Plateosaurus, which was mounted
and is currently featured in The First
Dinosaur. The exhibition is based on the
findings of the 2012 Danish expedition to
Jameson Land in Greenland and the seven
Harvard expeditions led by Farish Jenkins.
Once the exhibition closes, the specimens
will reside in the collections of the Natural

History Museum of Denmark.

The Ant Room, Transformed

The MCZ’s ant collection is the largest and
most important in the world, so sprucing up
the Ant Room was no small undertaking. In
order to make the approximately one million
specimens more searchable and accessible for
research, the entire collection was reorganized
alphabetically by taxonomic group.

Stefan Cover and Jignasha Rana, Curatorial
Assistants in the ant collection, were joined

in the massive undertaking by various users

of the collection. Dr. Steve Shattuck and
Robyn Meier of the Australian National Insect

COLLECTIONS

Collection provided valuable assistance during

the process.

The specimen reorganization will facilitate
collection initiatives such as cataloging and
databasing ant specimens in the collection, and
organizing and transferring specimen material
to the MCZ cryogenic facility. According to
Rana, “The specimens in this new arrangement
are certainly more accessible, which increases

their scientific utility and value.”

The Ant Room underwent physical

renovations, as well. With the help of

Collections Operations staff, the Ant Room
received specialized, lab-quality benches,

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From left: Stefan Cover, fignasha Rana
and Steve Shattuck

updated light fixtures and new equipment for
curatorial staff. Edward O. Wilson, Honorary
Curator, provided the funding for work
chairs that completed the room’s physical
transformation, and also for a high-resolution
imaging system to enable advanced specimen
digitization. The new equipment and
renovated workspace now provide welcoming
open areas and increased capability for
curatorial and research purposes.

The most critical components of the project
have been accomplished. However, curating a
world-class ant collection will always be a work

in progress as new species are discovered and

accessioned into the collection.

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A New, Powerful Three-Dimensional Research Tool

Over the past few decades, micro-CT
scanners have become increasingly valuable
for gathering detailed specimen data in a
non-invasive manner. By combining this data
with 3-D modeling techniques, researchers
are able to visualize the skeletal structure and
understand the functioning of creatures both

modern and ancient.

In September 2012, the MCZ’s new micro-CT
scanner was installed in the Digital Imaging
Facility in the MCZ Labs Building. Micro-CT
is the standard technology for imaging and
characterizing internal structures in three
dimensions, giving researchers a powerful tool
for answering a wide variety of questions in

ways they might not have imagined previously.

The micro-CT scanner produces a large number

of X-ray images as the sample rotates 180°.
These images are processed by proprietary
software to create a digital 3-D reconstruction
of the sample, which can then be analyzed and

characterized in a variety of useful ways.

Researchers will be able to analyze and
characterize skeletal and other aspects of
internal morphology easily, consistently and
non-destructively. For MCZ specimens, the
data can be represented in MCZbase, the
Museum-wide database, so that users can view
and manipulate it in their Web browsers. The
full data sets will also be available to share

with outside researchers and collaborators.

Christopher Kenaley, postdoctoral fellow
in the Lauder lab, explains the use of the

technology in his research.

I’ve been working on both biorobotics and
biomechanics projects that use data from the
micro-CT,” says Kenaley. “Che biorobotics
work uses 3-D models of real fish to construct
robotic fish heads that represent the

complexity of the skeletal structure.

“The biomechanics work employs 3-D models
to establish how feeding and fin morphology
vary between species and how this variation

has affected diversification.”

ZOOLOGY

Bass fish have been scanned for the robotics
work, dragonfishes for the feeding work and
remoras for the fin work. Most of the scanned

specimens are from the MCZ ichthyology

collection.

Christopher Kenaley

3-D model of a bass fish

The micro-CT scanner permits
researchers to look at a whole animal in
three dimensions. “The most important
difference for me is that, with a single
scan, we can measure any part of the
anatomy in any plane, something that
can’t be done with X-ray data,” says

Kenaley.

He and George V. Lauder will be using
3-D models and a 3-D printer to replicate
anatomical parts that can be included in

robotic systems to assess how those parts

perform in real fishes.

The technology can also be used to produce
complex mathematical models of how skeletal

properties affect the way bones perform.

Catherine Weisel

MCZ RESEARCH MAKING HEADLINES

Unearthing the Genetic Homes of Burrowing Behavior

Relative to physical traits, very little is
known about how genetics influence
development of complex behaviors in
nature. When animals build structures,
whether beehives, birds nests or burrows,
they seem to be guided by behaviors that
are more innate than learned.

A team of researchers led by Hopi E. Hoekstra
studied two species of mice and identified

four regions in their genome that appear to
influence the style of burrows they build. Their
findings were published in Nature.

The subjects of the study were oldfield mice
(Peromyscus polionotus) and the closely related
deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Each
species creates their homes in a distinctive
style: oldfield mice burrows are complex,
with a long entrance tunnel leading to the
nest and a separate escape tunnel that ends
slightly below the surface; deer mice burrows
are smaller, with simple, single-tunnel
structures. Both species will consistently

dig shelters of the same design and tunnel
length, regardless of soil composition,
whether in the wild or in the lab.

Looking for Lizards in Colombia

After focusing on the anole species of the
Caribbean islands for most of his career,
Jonathan B. Losos is on a quest to study
the mainland anoles of Central and South
America.

There are more anole species on the
mainland (250 species) than in the islands
(150 species), but less is known about
them. As part of an effort to rectify this
imbalance, the field team—Prof. Losos;
Rosario Castaneda, a postdoctoral fellow in
the Losos lab; and Anthony Herrel, an MCZ
Associate based at the Muséum National
d’Histoire Naturelle Paris—spent three
weeks in Colombia and Venezuela in the
spring of 2013. Biology students from the
Universidad de Los Andes and elsewhere
joined the team to assist in data collection
and receive training in field methods.

The expedition is part of ongoing research
that so far has compiled behavioral,

When the species were crossbred,

the next generation opted for
the more elaborate burrow of
oldfield mice. But when these
offspring were bred with deer

the subsequent generation’s burrows
were a combination of the two styles.
By matching genetic variations among
4 = c
the mice with their tunnel styles, the
researchers found three regions of the
genome that determine tunnel length
and one that is related to the inclusion

of an escape tunnel. The next

will be to identify the specific genes
involved and how changes in those

MCZ NEWS

the
hybrid
mice,

steps

Measuring burrows

genes affect burrowing behavior.

The paper, featured in The New York
Times, was authored by Prof. Hoekstra;
Jesse Weber, former graduate student

in the Hoekstra lab; and Brant

Peterson, postdoctoral fellow in the

Hoekstra lab.

Weber JN, Peterson BK, Hoekstra HE (2013)
Discrete genetic modules are responsible for

complex burrow evolution in Peromyscus mice.

Nature 493:402-406.

ecological and morphological

on anole species in Costa Rica,
Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico and
Panama. In three very different
locations and climates, the team used
field observations, videotaping and
lab work to document the lizards’
habitat, diet, behavior, locomotion
and biomechanical capabilities such as

speed and bite strength.

The researchers are investigating

data

whether the mainland anoles have, in

fact, followed the same developmental

Jonathan B. Losos

path as the island anoles, or whether

they have evolved in a different

manner, and if so, why.

An MCZ Putnam Expedition Grant
supported the fieldwork, and Prof.
Losos blogged about their experiences
and findings for The New York Times

Scientist at Work series.

Snes NNUAL Report 2012-2013
eS

Liz Pennisi

Jonathan Losos

Jonathan Losos

15

Andrew Berry

16

Fred Ausubel and

Vi

Naomi Pierce

Vegetarian Flies Fond of Mustards

Half of the world’s insect species feed on plants.
Considering their agricultural importance,

we still know relatively little about the genetic
mechanisms underlying plant-insect interactions.

In a long-term collaboration, Naomi Pierce
and Frederick Ausubel (Department of
Genetics, Harvard Medical School) have used
experimental infections of the plant genetic
model Arabidopsis thaliana with the genetically
characterized pathogen Pseudomonas syringae to
dissect defense-signaling pathways and virulence
factors involved in plant-pathogen interactions.
By adding to this system a generalist herbivore,
the cabbage looper Tinchoplusia ni, they
discovered complex three-way interactions
involving pathogen virulence, host resistance
and susceptibility to attack by pathogens and
herbivores.

In their most recent paper, published as a

cover story in Genome Biology Evolution with
postdoctoral fellow Noah Whiteman (now

at the University of Arizona) as first author,

they extend this research by genetically
characterizing Scaptomyza flava, a drosophilid fly
whose leaf-mining larvae specialize on plants in
the Brassicaceae—the mustard family—which
includes vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage

What a Complex Web They Weave

When visualizing a spider web, it is most
likely the wheel-like shape of the orb
weavers. With more than 12,000 known
species, orb weavers make up about 30%
of spider diversity.

Understanding the timing and mode of
orb web evolution has been hampered by
the relatively small size of the samples in
previous genetic studies. To address this
significant research hurdle, Gonzalo Giribet
and colleagues compiled a massive dataset
that surpasses the size of all prior molecular

studies of spider phylogeny.

Che resulting research genetically confirmed
the hypothesis that orb weavers descended
from a single ancestor, but found that ancestor
emerged around 207 to 231 million years ago,

earlier than suggested by the fossil record.

Che results also showed that the history

of web diversification is probably much

{ OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY ee
—

and cauliflower, as well as Arabidopsis. They show
that this genetically tractable system can be used
to investigate pathways underlying plant-insect
interactions.

When fed upon, Arabidopsis generates increased
amounts of defense compounds called
glucosinolates. However, these toxins do not
deter S. flava. Although the glucosinolates

of Arabidopsis still adversely affect larval
development—indicating that the flies are not
entirely immune to the plants’ defenses—these
specialists are able to detoxify them and thrive on
the plants. The expression of a number of stress-
related genes in the flies suggest that these genes
may play a role in the detoxification process.

Insects cause major damage to crop plants
around the world, and in addition to learning
about the evolution of herbivory, a better
understanding of mechanisms underlying
plant-insect interactions will facilitate
development of novel insecticides and plant
breeding strategies.

Whiteman NK, Gloss AD, Sackton T, Groen S,
Humphrey PT, Lapoint R, Sonderby I, Halkier BA,
Kocks C, Ausubel FM, Pierce NE (2012) Genes
involved in the evolution of herbivory by a leaf-mining
drosophilid fly. Genome Biol Evol 4:788-804.

more complex than
previously thought.
Rather than the web
architecture evolving
in response to the
diversification of
prey, the researchers
propose that variety in
web design was most

likely a response to
abundant prey and
increasingly complex habitat, allowing the
spiders to build webs in different types of
spaces and therefore decrease competition
among spider species. The findings were
published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

Dimitroy D, Lopardo L, Giribet G, Arnedo MA,
\lvarez-Padilla F & Hormiga G (2012) Tangled in a
sparse spider web: single origin of orb weavers and
their spinning work unravelled by denser taxonomic
sampling. P Roy Soc B279:1341-1350.

alo Giribet

Gon

PROJECTS & INITIATIVES

Encyclopedia of Life Learning + Education Group

The Encyclopedia of Life is a global effort to
bring together species information in a free,
trusted online resource available at eol.org.
Content on EOL is provided by hundreds of
partners, including MCZbase.

The EOL Learning + Education Group
encourages the development of innovative
and effective uses of EOL content in
educational settings. One way of achieving
this goal is to partner with model projects
that inform and inspire, thereby providing
concrete examples that can be modified to
suit various educational needs.

Contributing to Lifelong Learning

EOL is used in formal and informal
education settings, both as a trusted resource
and for its tools to organize information
around particular areas of interest and

allow for directed and open-ended learning
activities.

¢ EOL has developed resources like the One
Species at a Time podcast series, Biodiversity
on the Move Google Earth Tours and an
EOL page on iTunesU. The One Species
at a Time podcasts at education.eol.org/
podcast are organized by scientific topic
and skill.

e The Center for Essential Science at the
University of Michigan and others are
testing the Changethinking curriculum
about the impact of climate change
on North American species. The EOL
Ecosystem Explorer Tool, which provides
an easy way to create engaging graphs of
species interactions within an ecosystem,
is integrated into this study.

¢ EOL Learning + Education Group, in
conjunction with the Professor Garfield
Foundation and New York State Teacher
Centers, invites students from grades 6 to
8 to participate in a science-based comic
contest about invasive species through
investigation of eol.org.

¢ Families by the Seaside: Building Community-
Based Outdoor Ocean Science Learning
Experiences uses EOL field guides,
observation capabilities and games to
improve ocean literacy. The program,

run by five New England marine

science centers on a NOAA grant,
engages underserved families in marine
exploration and learning through hands-
on and technology-assisted activities.

In Support of Citizen Science

One of EOL’s goals is to transform how
people participate in biodiversity science,
increasing public involvement, maximizing

effectiveness and accelerating innovation.
In June 2012, EOL and iNaturalist debuted
an app for Android and iOS operating
systems that enables EOL community
members to more easily contribute to the
growing record of life around us. Citizen
scientists can now key their observations
directly into their phones, and those
observations are then displayed on a map
within EOL Collections.

Serving America’s National Parks

EOL has partnered with the U.S. National
Park Service in 24hour species inventories
called BioBlitzes, conducted to learn more
about the biodiversity, distribution and
abundance of species in a specific area.
Participating in a BioBlitz lets anyone get
involved with nature, increasing awareness
and understanding of the environment.
People can even conduct their own
BioBlitz using the tools and tips on the
EOL Learning + Education website,
eol.org/discover.

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CZ NEWS: PROJECTS & INITIATIVES

New Alliance Promotes Digitization of Nation’s Biocollections

Some of the most valuable resources
available to science are contained

within our nation’s 1,600-plus biological
collections. Representing an estimated one
billion specimens, these collections are
vitally important to the various research,
educational and technological pursuits of
biologists and non-biologists alike.

As species discovery, documentation and
analysis continues to grow, it has become
increasingly imperative to improve access
to both existing and future collections
while also reducing their risk of loss. At

a February 2010 workshop held at the
National Evolutionary Synthesis Center
in Durham, North Carolina, various
members of the biocollections community
created a strategic plan to do just that.
They established the Network Integrated
Biocollections Alliance, a coordinated, large-
scale, sustained effort to digitize the
biocollections held within our nation’s

natural history museums, university science

departments and other repositories, and
integrate them into an online database. In
September 2012, the American Institute

of Biological Sciences, with support from
the National Science Foundation, held a
workshop to put this strategy into action.

The resulting plan of implementation,
authored in part by MCZ Director James
Hanken and Director of Collections
Operations Linda S. Ford, outlines the key
steps, milestones and stakeholders required
to build NIBA over the next ten years. Once
it is operational, NIBA’s biocollections
database will be extremely helpful in
coping with consequences of climate
change, invasive species, pollution and
other major environmental problems.

Once its organizational and governance
structure has been achieved, NIBA will
provide national leadership to implement
a digitized biocollections network and
sustainable knowledge database. In
addition, the alliance will identify key
stakeholders as potential members,

lead efforts to train existing and future
collections staff, and encourage specimen-
based learning and exploration in both
formal and informal education.

MCZ Opens Collections to Undergraduates in AIM-UP! Initiative

Universities throughout the country hold a
wealth of information about life on Earth in
their natural history museums. For the most
part, these collections have only been made
available to practicing researchers. Now, a
five-year initiative (May 2010 to April 2015)
funded by the National Science Foundation
called Advancing Integration of Museums

into Undergraduate Programs (AIM-UP!) is
incorporating the collections housed at
Harvard and other participating universities
into undergraduate instruction.

Each year under the initiative, a different
institution takes the lead in presenting

a class that highlights the importance of
their museum’s collection and its potential
in undergraduate classes. Classes feature
guest lecturers and are made available

via videoconferencing to students at each
participating university. For the spring
2013 semester, Scott V. Edwards led a class
that explored the ways in which museum
collections and online museum databases
can enhance modern studies of genomic and

ger graphic variation.

EUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY a
er

Additionally, MCZ hosted AIM-UP!’s annual
workshop in April 2013, with more than a
dozen representatives of the participating
institutions in attendance.

While AIM-UP! began as a collaboration
among the University of Alaska, Harvard
University, the University of California at
Berkeley and the University of New Mexico
as a way to integrate expertise and data
across these institutions, it is expanding

to other universities, federal agencies and
educators in other countries such as Canada
and Uruguay.

In addition to training undergraduates in
museum-based field and laboratory research,
AIM-UP! also seeks to develop instructional
tools for museum databases, increase
digitization of collections for easier access,
integrate specimen-based questions and lessons
into the classroom, conduct outreach to
underrepresented students, and include more
minority and female scientists, agency biologists,
academics, international participants and
museums with large public audiences.

Ernst Mayr Library Collaborates on Bioluminescence Exhibition

From glowworms that emit sticky threads of
light to fireflies that bob through the air on
summer evenings, a variety of species have
evolved the ability to generate light. But
why? From February to June 2013, a unique
exhibition in the MCZ’s Northwest Building
lobby provided illuminating answers to that
question and more.

Bioluminescence was part of a successful
proposal to integrate Library information
and faculty research. The project was
steered by Dorothy Barr of the Ernst

Mayr Library and funded by the Harvard
Library Lab, which offers infrastructure
and financial support to librarians, faculty
and students promoting library-related
projects. Bioluminescence was a collaborative
effort of the Ernst Mayr Library, MCZ
staff, and faculty in the departments of
Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and
Molecular & Cellular Biology. The exhibit
highlighted the mechanisms, functions
and purposes behind dozens of species’
ability to emit light. The book that inspired
the exhibition—Broluminescence: Living
Lights, Lights for Living—was written by

J. Woodland “Woody” Hastings, faculty

member in MCB, and Therese Wilson, an
MCB Senior Research Associate Emerita.

Work by Chris Kenaley of the Lauder
lab and a variety of specimens from
the MCZ’s vast collection were on
display, including fireflies, which use
their abilities in part to attract mates,
deep-sea fishes that use glowing lures
to capture prey, and jellyfish, from
which green fluorescent protein
(GFP)—widely used in molecular and
cellular biology—was first isolated.

The MCZ members who contributed
to the exhibit included Karsten
Hartel, Chris Kenaley and Andrew
Williston of Ichthyology; Adam
Baldinger and Gonzalo Giribet

of Invertebrate Zoology; Murat
Recevik of Malacology; Phil Perkins
and Rachel Hawkins of Entomology; and
Victoria Wilke of Collections Operations.
Dorothy Barr developed the exhibition’s
companion webguide.

Ernst Mayr Library Helps Launch BHL-Africa

Two years ago during a Biodiversity Heritage
Library Conference in Chicago, Illinois,

the idea to create BHL-Africa was born. On
April 15, 2013, BHL-Africa was officially
launched as a part of the library’s global
family. The Ernst Mayr Library contributed
content from the South African National
Biodiversity Institute to kick off BHL-Africa.

The South African National Biodiversity
Institute (SANBI)in Pretoria, South

Africa, hosted the launch and three-day
workshop, which included presentations
by six colleagues from BHL-US/UK
programs. Connie Rinaldo, the Librarian
of the MCZ’s Ernst Mayr Library, is Vice
Chair of the Executive Steering Committee
for the Biodiversity Heritage Library, of
which the Ernst Mayr Library is a founding
member. She contributed a presentation on
copyright, defining public domain, open
access and the Creative Commons licenses
employed by BHL-US/UK.

A consortium of major natural history
museum libraries, botanical libraries and
research institutions around the world, the

Biodiversity Heritage Library is an online
resource featuring more than 42 million
pages of biodiversity literature collected to
support the work of scientists, researchers
and students in their home institutions and
throughout the world. Working with the
international taxonomic community, rights
holders and other interested
parties, BHL ensures that this
biodiversity heritage is made
available to a global audience
through open access principles.

The Africa consortium is now

hard at work identifying content
for scanning both within and
outside of Africa, digitizing

that content and building an
audience by promoting the project
throughout the continent. It is also
identifying potential contributors
and encouraging them to sign a
memorandum of understanding
as part of their commitment to
provide open access to the biodiversity
literature found within African libraries
and institutions.

bid

BHLAFRICA

The BHL-Africa group at the Pretoria

National Botanical Garden

Sven ANNUAL Report 2012-2013
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Chnistopher Kenaley

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MCZ NEWS: PROJECTS & INITIATIVES

Jane Pickering

The New Public Face of Harvard’s Museums

When many hundreds of people gathered
together for the Harvard Museums of
Science & Culture’s summer solstice

celebration, it was more than just a party.
It was a celebration of the success of the
year-old consortium’s first major public
outreach initiative.

The Harvard Museums of Science & Culture
is a partnership created to strengthen,
support and promote the six world-class
museums that exist within the Faculty of
Arts and Sciences. The HMSC officially
debuted in July 2012, drawing upon the very
successful model of the Harvard Museum

of Natural History, the umbrella institution
for the public initiatives of the Museum of
Comparative Zoology, the Mineralogical
and Geological Museum and the Harvard
University Herbaria.

The faculty executive board that directed
the creation of HMSC was made up of
the faculty directors of each participating
museum, including MCZ Director James
Hanken. Professor James McCarthy,

former Director of the MCZ, served as the
board ’s initial chair.

Participating museums include the

MCZ, the Mineralogical and Geological
Museum, the Harvard University Herbaria,
the Collection of Historical Scientific
Instruments, the Harvard Semitic

Museum and the Peabody Museum of
Archaeology & Ethnology. The Harvard
Museum of Natural History is also a
member of the partnership. Together,
these diverse organizations will collaborate
on public outreach initiatives designed to
promote greater understanding through

a multidisciplinary approach, while
retaining strong connections to their
respective academic departments, research,
collections and modes of scholarship.

In December 2012 Jane Pickering was
appointed Executive Director of the HMSC.
As the former Director of Public Programs
and Deputy Director at Yale’s Peabody
Museum of Natural History, she brings
nearly 25 years of curatorial and public
programming experience to the HMSC.
She is responsible for collaborating with
faculty leaders of each museum and other
stakeholders to develop the public-facing
functions of the museums, including exhibits,
education, special programs, development,
and administration and operations.

Since the HMSC’s establishment, a record
240,000 visitors have come to visit the
museums, participate in their programs and
listen to free evening lectures. The museums
also hold classes for grades K-12 and have a
wealth of instructional resources for teachers
as well as for Harvard faculty and students.
For a full list of exhibitions, lectures and
other events, visit the HMSC website at
hmsc.harvard.edu.

A Gift for the New Marine Life Gallery

MCZ Faculty member George Putnam II and
his wife, Kathy, have made a very generous
donation to the Harvard Museums of Science
& Culture that will go toward the creation of
a new gallery of marine life in the Harvard
Museum of Natural History. The exhibit will
feature the diverse collections of the MCZ, a
full-scale immersive diorama of New England
marine communities, historical displays and

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY , a
— a

interactive multimedia that offer real-time
experiences exploring the latest findings of
Harvard-based research on ocean life. The
work will also include a complete renovation
and redesign of the gallery space that
currently includes the ‘shes exhibition and
Asia display. The new exhibit will open in May
2015 in time for the next commencement.

¢ Aktipis SW, Giribet G (2012) Testing relationships among the
vetigastopod taxa: A molecular approach. ] Mollusc Stud 78:12-27

¢ Alben S, Witt C, Baker TV, Anderson EJ, Lauder GV (2012)
Dynamics of freely swimming flexible foils. Phys Fhads 24:051901

¢ Anderson C, Liu L, Pearl D, Edwards SV (2012) Tangled
tees: The challenge of inferring species trees from coalescent
and non-coalescent genes. In Evolutionary Genomes: Statistical
and Computational Methods, vol. 2 (Anisimova M, ed) 3-28
Springer (Humana): New York

¢ Andrade SCS, Strand M, Schwartz M, Chen H, Kajihara H,
von Dohren J, Sun S, Junoy J, Thiel M, Norenburg JL, Turbeville
JM, Giribet G, Sundberg P (2012) Disentangling nbbon

worm relationships: multHocus analysis supports traditional
classification of the phylum Nemertea. Cladistics 28:141-159

e Ardila NE, Giribet G, Sanchez JA (2012) A tme-calibrated
molecular phylogeny of the precious corals: reconciling
discrepancies in the taxonomic classification and insights into
their evolutionary history. BMC Evol Biol 12:246

¢ Basset Y, Eastwood R, Sam L, Lohman DJ, Novotny V,
Treuer T, Miller SE, Weiblen GD, Pierce NE, Bunyavejchewin
S, Sakchoowong W, Kongnoo P, Osorio-Arenas MA (2012)
Cross-continental comparisons of butterfly assemblages in
tropical rainforests: implications for biological monitoring.
Insect Conserv Diver 6:223-233

¢ Berg Robertson AM, Biewener AA (2012) Take-off and
landing flight muscle function in the pigeon (Columba lia).
J Exp Biol215:41044114

* Blevins E, Lauder GV (2012) Rajiform locomoton: three-
dimensional kinematics of the pectoral fin surface during
swimming by the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon orlagnyi.
JExp Biol 215:3231-3241

* Bonneaud C, Balenger SL, Zhang J, Edwards SV, Hill GE
(2012) Innate immunity and the evolution of resistance to an
emerging infectious disease in a wild bird. Mol Eaol21:2628-2639

* Borazjani I, Sotropoulos F, Tytell ED, Lauder GV (2012)
On the hydrodynamics of the bluegill sunfish cstart escape
response: three-dimensional simulations and comparison
with experimental data. ] Exp Biol215:671-684

¢ Bn R, Hartel KE (2012) On the synonymy of Canstzus
groenlandicus Jensen and Pteraclis fasciatus Borodin (Pisces:
Canstidae). Zootaxa 3546:85-88

* Campbell Staton SC, Goodman RM, Backstrom N,
Edwards SV, Losos JB, Kolbe JJ (2012) Out of Florida:
mtDNA reveals patterns of migration and Pleistocene range
expansion of the green anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis) . Ecol
Evol 2:2274-2284

¢ Chadwell BA, Standen EM, Lauder GV, Ashley-Ross MA

(2012) Median fin function during the escape response of
bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). I: Fin-ray orientaton
and movement. / Exp Biol 215:2869-2880

¢ Chadwell BA, Standen EM, Lauder GV, Ashley-Ross MA,
(2012) Median fin function during the escape response of
bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrocherus). II: Fin-ray curvature.

J Exp Biol 215:2881-2890

* Clouse RM, Giribet G (2012) On the Cyphophthalmi
(Arachnida, Opiliones) types from the Museo Civico di Storia
Naturale “Giacomo Doria.” Bull of the MCZ160:241-257

¢ Danos N, Lauder GV (2012) Challenging zebrafish escape
responses by increasing water viscosity. / Exp Biol 215;1854-1862

¢ de Bivort BL, Clouse RM, Giribet G (2012) A cladistic
reconstruction of the ancestral mite harvestman (Arachnida,

MCZ PUBLICATIONS

Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi): portrait of a Paleozoic
dewitivore. Cladistics 28:582-597

¢ Delaney NF, Balenger S, Bonneaud C, Marx CJ, Hill GE,
Ferguson-Noel N, Tsai P, Rodrigo A, Edwards SV (2012)
Ultwafast evolution and loss of CRISPRs following a host shift in
a novel wildlife pathogen, Mycoplasma gallisepticum. PLoS Genetics
8:e 1002511

¢ Dimitrov D, Lopardo L, Giribet G, Ammedo MA, Alvarez-
Padilla F, Hormiga G (2012) Tangled in a sparse spider web:
single origin of orb weavers and their spinning work unravelled
by denser taxonomic sampling. Proc R Soc B279:1341-1350

¢ Domingues VS, Poh ¥P, Peterson BK. Pfennigs P, Jensen J,
Hoekstra HE (2012) Evidence of adaptation from ancestral
variation in young populations of beach mice. Evolution
66:3209-3223

¢ Dou L. Cao G, Mortis PJ, Mornis RA, Ludascher B, Macklin

JA. Hanken J (2012) Kiator. A Kepler package for data curation

workflows. International Conference on Computational Science,
IOCS 2012. Procatia Comp Sa9:1614-1619

¢ Eckalbar WL, Lasku E, Infante CR, Elsey RM, Markov
GJ, Allen AN, Corneveaux JJ, Losos JB, DeNardo DF,
Huentelman MJ, Wilson-Rawls J, Rawls A, Kusumi K (2012)
Somitogenesis in the anole lizard and alligator reveals
evolutionary convergence and divergence in the amniote
segmentation clock. Dev Biol 363:308-319

¢ Edgecombe GD, Vahtera V, Stock SR, Kallonen A, Xiao

X, Rack A, Giribet G (2012) A scolopocryptopid centipede
(Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Mexican amber:
synchrotron microtomography and phylogenetic placement
using a combined morphological and molecular data set. Zool

J Linn Soc-Lond 166:768-786

¢ Edwards SV (2012). Afterward [on genetics and the
evolutionary history of avian brood parasitism, a response
to chapter by Langmore and Spottiswoode}. In Hast
Manipulation By Parasites (Hughes DP, Brodeur J, Thomas F,
eds) 116-118. Oxford University Press: New York

¢ Edwards SV, Cameron Devitt S, Fujita M (2012)
Phylogeography In Encydopedia of Theoretical Eoology (Hastings A,
Gross L, eds) 557-565. University of California Press: Berkeley

¢ Esposito CJ, Tangorra JL, Hammang BE, Lauder GV

(2012) A robotic fish caudal fin: effects of suffness and motor
program on locomotor performance. J Exp Biol 215:56-67

¢ Frederickson ME, Ravenscraft A, Miller GA, Arcila
Hernandez LM, Booth G, Pierce NE (2012) The direct
and ecological costs of an ant-plant symbiosis. Amer Nat
179:768-778

¢ Giribet G (2012) Espiralados. In El arbol de la vida: sistematica
y evolucion de los seres vivos (Vargas P, Zardoya R, eds) 202-209.
P. Vargas Gomez: Madrid

© Giribet G (2012) Protostomos. In El arbol de la vida:
sistematica y evolucion de los seres vivos (Vargas P, Zardoya R, eds)
196-201. P. Vargas Gomez: Madrid

¢ Giribet G, Edgecombe GD (2012) Reevaluating the
Arthropod Tree of Life. Annu Rev Entomol 57:167-186

© Giribet G, Sharma PP, Benavides LR, Boyer SL, Clouse
RM. de Bivort BL, Dimitroy D, Kawauchi GY, Murienne JY,
Schwendinger PJ (2012) Evolutionary and biogeographical
history of an ancient and global group of arachnids
(Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi) with a new
taxonomic arrangement Biol J Linn Soc 105:92-130

¢ Ginbet G, Tournho AL, Shih C, Ren D (2012) An exquisitely
preserved harvestman (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Opiliones) from

: CALENDAR YEAR 2012

Science

For the cover story of Saence,
Jason Kolbe, Jonathan Losos and
colleagues published “Founder
effects persist despite adaptive
differentiation: a field experiment
with lizards.”

Jason Kolbe, Jonathan Losos and
colleagues contributed the cover

story “Climatic niche shift predicts
thermal trait response in one but

not both introductions of the Puerto
Rican lizard Anolis arstatellus to Miami,
Florida, USA” to Ecology and Evolution.

Se ANNUAL Report 2012-2013
=<

ra |

Integrative
e& Comparative Biology

a) oxo

“Passive robotic models of
propulsion by the bodies and caudal
fins of fish” by George V. Lauder,
Brooke Flammang and colleagues

was the cover story in Integrative &

Comparative Biology.

PROCEEDINGS | ar i
——0F——) (5
THE ROYAL ) }
SOCIETY

ove Socety Publahing 22 laters OD

Thom Sanger, Jonathan B. Losos
and colleagues contributed
“Repeated modification of early
limb morphogenesis programmes
underlies the convergence of

relative limb length in Anolis

lizards” as the cover story of
Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

Talia Moore and colleagues at the
University of California, Berkeles
ributed the cover story “Tail
ed pitch control in lizard
’ ay itl to ive
gd MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVI
han han

ZOOLOGY

the Middle Jurassic of China. Org Divers Evol 12:51-56

¢ Gonzalez VL, Giribet G (2012) A new cryptic species of
carditd bivalve from the Gulf of California (Mollusca, Bivalvia,
Archiheterodonta, Carditidae). Malacologia 55:235-250

* Goodbody-Gringley F, Woollacott RM, Giribet G (2012)
Phylogeography and connectivity of the scleractinean coral
Montastraea cavernosa (Linneaus, 1767) in the Western
Atlantic. Mar Ecol 33:32A8

¢ Goodbody-Gningley G, Woollacott RM, Giribet G (2012)
Population structure and connectvity in the Atlanuc scleractinian
coral Montastraea cavernosa (Linnaeus, 1767). Mar Ecol 33:32A8

¢ Guil N, Giribet G (2012) A comprehensive molecular
phylogeny of tardigrades—adding genes and taxa to a poorly
resolved phylum-level phylogeny. Cladistics 28:2149

* Guil N, Giribet G (2012) Ecdisozoos. In El drbol de la vida:
sistematica y evolucion de los seres vives (Vargas P, Zardoya R,
eds) 232-239. P. Vargas Gomez: Madrid

© Hoekstra HE (2012) Genomics: Stickleback is the catch of
the day. Nature 484:46A7

¢ Johnson CH, Woollacott RM (2012) Seasonal patterns
of population structure in a colonial marine invertebrate
(Bugula stolonifera, Bryozoa). Biol Bull 222:203-213

¢ Johnson CH, Winston JE, Woollacott RM (2012) Western
Atlantic introduction and persistence of the marine
bryozoan Tiicellana mopmata. Aquat Invas 7:295-303

¢ Kawauchi GY, Sharma PP, Giribet G (2012) Sipunculan
phylogeny based on six genes, with a new classification and
the descriptions of two new families. Zool Scr 41:186-210

¢ Kleinteich T, Maddin HC, Herzen J, Beckmann F, Summers
AP (2012) Is solid always best? Cranial performance in solid
and fenestrated caecilian skulls. / Exp Biol 215:833-844

* Kolbe JJ, Leal M, Schoener TW, Spiller DA, Losos JB (2012)
Founder effects persist despite adaptive differentiation: a field
experiment with lizards. Science 335:1086-L089

* Kolbe JJ, Vanmiddlesworth P, Losin N, Dappen N, Losos
JB (2012) Climatic niche shift predicts thermal trait response
in one but not both introductions of the Puerto Rican lizard
Anolis cnstatellus to Miami, Florida, USA. Ecol Evol 2:1503-1516

¢ Kronauer DJC, Pierce NE, Keller L (2012) Asexual
reproduction in introduced and native populations of the

ant Cerapachys birot. Mol Ecol 21:5221-5235

¢ Kronforst MR, Barsh GS, Kopp A, Mallet J, Monteiro

A, Mullen SP, Protas M, Rosenblum EB, Schneider CJ
Hoekstra HE (2012) Unraveling the thread of nature’s
tapestry: the genetics of diversity and convergence in animal

> Or

pigmentation. Pigm Cell Melanoma R 25:41 1433

* Kipper C, Augustin J, Edwards SV, Szckely T, Kosztolanyi
\, Burke T, Janes DE (2012) Triploid plover female provides
support for a role of the W chromosome in avian sex
determination. Biol Lett 8:787-789

* Kiipper C, Edwards SV, Kosztolanyi A, et al (2012) High
gene flow over large geographic distances in a polyandrous
shorebird. Mol Ecol 21:5864-5879

* Lauder GV, Mlammang B, Alben S (2012) Passive robot
models of propulsion by the bodies and caudal fins of fish

Inileer Camp Biol 52:576-587

*lLee JY, Jose ph L., Edwards SV (2012) \s| ecies tree for the
\ustralo-Papuan fairy-wre ns and allies (Aves: Malundae). Syst
Biol 61:253-271

* Libby I, Moore TY, Chang-Siu FE, Li D, Cohen D, Jusufi A,

Full RJ (2012) Tail assisted pitch control in lizards, robots and
dinosaurs. Natwe481:181-184

Lopez-Danas M, Schoener TW, Spiller DA, Losos JB (2012)
Predators determine how weather affects the spatial niche of lizard
prey: exploring niche dynamics at a fine-scale. Haology 93:2512-2518

*¢ Losos JB, Woolley ML, Mahler DL, Torres-Carvajal O,
Crandell KE, Schaad EW, Narvaez AE, Ayala-Varela F, Herrel
A (2012) Notes on the natural history of the little-known
Ecuadonian horned anole, Anolis probosas. Breviora 531:1-17

¢ Maddin HC, Anderson JS (2012) Anatomy of the inner
ear of Gymnophiona, and its bearing on hypotheses of
lissamphibian origins. Fieldiana: Life & Earth Sciences 5:59-76

¢ Maddin HG, Jenkins FA, Anderson JS (2012) The braincase of
Eocaeala macropodia and the origin of caecilians. PLaS One7:e50743

¢ Maddin HC, Russell AP, Anderson JS (2012) Phylogenetic
implications of the morphology of the braincase of caecilian
amphibians. Zool J Linn Soc-Lond 166:160-201

¢ Maia A, Wilga C, Lauder GV (2012) Biomechanics of
locomotion in sharks, rays and chimeras. In: Biology of
Sharks and Their Relatwes, 2nd edition (Carrier JC, Musick JA,
Heithaus MR, eds) 125-151. CRC Press: Boca Raton, Florida

¢ McCarroll MN, Lewis ZR, Culbertson MD, Martin BL,
Kimelman D, Nechiporuk AV (2012) Graded levels of Pax2a
and Pax8 regulate cell differentiation during sensory placode
formation. Development 139:2740-2750

¢ Miller J, Dikow T, Agosti D, Sautter G, Catapano T, Peney

L, Zhang Z-Q, Pentcheff D, Pyle R, Blum S, Parr C, Freeland
C, Garnett T, Ford LS, Muller B, Smith L, Strader G,
Georgiev T, Benichou L (2012) From taxonomic literature to
cybertaxonomic content. BMC Biology 10:87

¢ Novo M, Alnodovar A, Fernandez R, Tigo D, Diaz-Cosin

DJ, Giribet G (2012) Appearances can be deceptive: different
diversification patterns within a group of Mediterranean
earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae). Mol Kal 21:37763793

¢ Novo M, Riesgo A, Roldan C, Giribet G, Diaz Cosin DJ (2012) A

place for nourishment or a slaughterhouse? Elucidating the role of
spermathecae in the terrestrial annelid Hormoguster elisae (Clitellata:

Opisthopora: Hormogastidae). Zoomonphology 131:171-184

¢ Oefiner J, Lauder GV (2012) The hydrodynamic function of
shark skin and two biomimetic applications. / yp Biol215:785-795

¢ Peterson BK, Weber JN, Kay EH, Fisher HS, Hoekstra HE
(2012) Double Digest RADseq: an inexpensive method for de
novo SNP discovery and genotyping in model and non-model

species. PLoS One 7:e37135

* Rabeling C, Verhaagh M, Garcia MVB (2012) Observations
on the specialized predatory behavior of the pitchfork
mandibled ponerine ant Thaumatomyrmex paludis

(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Breviora 533:1-8

¢ Raposo do Amaral F, Edwards SV, Miyaki CY (2012) Eight
anonymous nuclear loci for the squamate antbind (Myrmecza
squamosa), crossamplifiable in other species of typical antbirds

(Aves, Thamnophilidae). Conserv Genet Resources 1645-047

* Reaney LT, Yee S, Losos JB, Whiting MJ (2012) Ecology
of the flapnecked chameleon Chamaeleo dilepis in southern
Africa. Breviora 532:1-18

* Riehl C (2012) Parental care and reproductive skew in a
communally breeding cuckoo: hard-working males do not

sire more young, Anim Behav 84:707-714

* Riesgo A, Andrade SC, Sharma PP, Novo M, Perez-Porro
AR, Vahtera V, Gonzalez VL, Kawauchi GY, Giribet G

(2012) Comparative description of ten transcriptomes of

newly sequenced invertebrates and efficiency estimation of
genomic sampling in non-model taxa. Front Zool 9:33

* Riesgo A, Diaz Cosin D, Roldan C, Giribet G (2012)
Nursery or slaughterhouse? What is the role of the
spermathecae wall of Hormogaster elisae (Annelida:
Oligochaeta). Zoomonphology 131:171-184

* Riesgo A, Pérez-Porro AR, Carmona §S, Leys SP, Giribet G
(2012) Optimization of preservation and storage tme of sponge
tissue samples to obtain quality mRNA for NextGeneration
Sequencing with Illumina platforms. Mol Ecol Resour 12:312-322

¢ Russell JA, Funaro CF, Giraldo YM, Goldman-Huertas
B, Suh D, Kronauer DJC, Moreau CS, Pierce NE (2012)
A veritable menagerie of heritable bacteria from ants,
butterflies, and beyond: broad molecular surveys and a
systematic review. PLoS ONE 7:e51027

¢ Rykken JJ, Farrell BD (2012) Discovering the wilderness

in parks and protected areas. In The Management of Insects in
Recreation and Tourism (Lemelin RH, ed) 306-322. Cambridge
U Press: Cambridge, UK

¢ Sanger TJ, Mahler DL, Abzhanoy A, Losos JB (2012) Roles
for modularity and constraint in the evolution of cranial
diversity among Anolis lizards. Evolution 66:1525-1542

¢ Sanger TJ, Revell L], Gibson-Brown |], Losos JB (2012)
Repeated modification of early limb morphogenesis
programmes underlies the convergence of relative limb
length in Anolis lizards. Proc R Soc London 279:739-748

e Sharma PP, Buenavente PAC, Clouse RM, Diesmos
AC, Giribet G (2012) Forgotten gods: Zalmoxidae of the
Philippines and Borneo (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa
3280:29-55

¢ Sharma PP, Giribet G (2012) Out of the Neotropics:
Late Cretaceous colonization of Australasia by American
arthropods. Proc R Soc B 279:3501-3509

¢ Sharma PP, Gonzalez VL, Kawauchi GY, Andrade SCS,
Guzman A, Collins TM, Glover EA, Harper EM, Healy

JM, Mikkelsen PM, Taylor JD, Bieler R, Giribet G (2012)
Phylogenetic analysis of four nuclear protein-encoding genes
largely corroborates the traditional classification of Bivalvia
(Mollusca). Mol Phylogenet Evol 65:64-74

¢ Sharma PP, Schwager EE, Extavour CG, Giribet G (2012)
Evolution of the chelicera: a dachshund domain is retained
in the deutocerebral appendage of Opiliones (Arthropoda,
Chelicerata). Evol Dev 14:522-533,

¢ Sharma PP, Schwager EE, Extavour CG, Giribet G (2012)
Hox gene expression in the harvestman Phalangium ofnlo
reveals divergent patterning of the chelicerate opisthosoma.
Evol Dev 14:450A63

¢ Song S, Liu L, Edwards SV, Wu S (2012) Resolving conflict
in eutherian mammal phylogeny using phylogenomics and
the multispecies coalescent model. Proc Natl Acad Sa USA
109:14942-14947

* Stahlavsky F Boyer SL, Harvey MS, Giribet G (2012) First
cytogenetic study ofa member of the harvestman family Pettalidae
(Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi). Aust /Entomol 51:299-302

¢ Stuart YE, Losos JB, Algar AC (2012) The island-mainland
species turnover relationship. Proc R Soc B 279:40714077

¢ Talavera G, Lukhtanov VA, Pierce NE, Vila R (2012)
Establishing criteria for higher-level classification using
molecular data: the systematics of Polyommatus blue butterflies

(Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Cladistics 29:166-192
* Tong W, Hoekstra HE (2012) Mus spialegus. Curr Biol 20:858:859

* Vahtera V, Edgecombe GD, Giribet G (2012) Evolution
of blindness in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda:
Scolopendromorpha): insight from an expanded sampling
of molecular data. Cladistics 28:4-20

¢ Vahtera V, Edgecombe GD, Giribet G (2012) Spiracle
structure in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda:
Scolopendromorpha) and its contribution to phylogenetics.
Zoomonphology 131:225-248

¢ Vélez S, Mesibov R, Giribet G (2012) Biogeography in

a continental island: population structure of the relict
endemic centipede Craterostigmus tasmanianus (Chilopoda,
Craterosigmomorpha) in Tasmania using 16S rRNA and
COI. | Hered 103:80-91

© Wake DB, Rovito SM, Maisano JA, Hanken J (2012)
Taxonomic status of the enigmatic salamander Cryptotriton
adelos (Amphibia: Plethodontidae) from northern Oaxaca,
Mexico, with observations on its skull and postcranial
skeleton. Zootaxa 3579:67-70,

¢ Wakeling JM, Lee S, Arnold-Rife A, de Boef Miara M,
Biewener AA (2012) A muscle’s force depends on the
recruitment patterns of its fibres. Ann Biomed Eng 40:1708-1720

¢ Warnick D, Hedrick TL, Fernandez MJ, Tobalske B, Biewener
AA (2012) Hummingbird flight. Curr Biol 22:472A77

¢ Wheeler QD, Knapp S, Stevenson DW, Stevenson J, Blum
SD, Boom BM, Borisy GG, Buizer JL, de Carvalho MR,
Cibrian A, Donoghue MJ, Doyle V, Gerson EM, Graham
CH, Graves P, Graves SJ, Guralnick RP, Hamilton AL,
Hanken J, Wilson EO, et al (2012) Mapping the biosphere:
Exploring species to understand the origin, organization, and
sustainability of biodiversity. Syst Beodzvers 10:1-20

¢ Whiteman NK, Gloss AD, Sackton TB, Groen SC,
Humphrey PT, Lapoint RT, Sonderby IE, Halkier BA, Kocks
C, Ausubel FM, Pierce NE (2012) Genes involved in the
evolution of herbivory by a leafmining, drosophilid fly.
Genome Biol Evol 4:900-916

¢ Wilga CD, Maia A, Nauwelaerts S, Lauder GV (2012) Prey
handling using whole body fluid dynamics in batoids. Zoology
115:47-57

¢ Wilson EO (2012) The Social Conquest of Earth. Livenght
Publishing Company of W.W. Norton & Company: New York
¢ Wilson EO, Harnis A (2012) Why We Are Here. Liveright
Publishing Company of W.W. Norton & Company: New York
¢ Worsaae K, Sterrer W, Kaul-Strehlow S, Hay-Schmidt A,
Giribet G (2012) An anatomical description of a miniaturized

acorn worm (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta) with asexual
reproduction by paratomy. PLoS ONE 7:e48529

¢WuS, Wu W, Zhang F, Ye J, Ni X, Sun J, Edwards SV, Meng

J, Organ CL (2012) Molecular and paleontological evidence

for a post-Cretaceous origin of rodents. PLoS ONE 7:e46445

¢ Wu Y, Wang Y, Hanken J (2012) Comparative osteology
of the genus Pachytniton (Caudata: Salamandndae) from
southeastern China. Asian Henpetol Res 3:83-102

e Wu Y, Wang Y, Hanken J (2012) New species of Pachytniton
(Caudata: Salamandridae) from the Nanling Mountain
Range, southeastern China. Zootaxa 3388:1-16

¢ Zhang Q, Edwards SV (2012) The evolution of intron
size in amniotes: a role for powered flight? Genome Biol Evol
4:1033-1043,

¢ Zamkus BM, Lawson L, Loader SP, Hanken J (2012)
Terrestnalization, miniaturization and rates of diversification in sub-
Saharan frogs (Anura: Phrynobatrachidae). PLoS ONE 7:e35118

For the cover story of Genome

Biology and Evolution, Naomi
Pierce and colleagues published
“Genes involved in the evolution
of herbivory by a leaf-mining,
drosophilid fly.”

THE

5 0 On OF
CONQUEST |
OF EARTH

EDWARD |
O.WILSON
|

The Social Conquest of Earth is a new

book by Edward O. Wilson.

Asian Herpetological Research

FREER FF

®) Wa

As the cover story of Ascan
Herpetological Research, Yanke Wu

and James Hanken published
“Comparative osteology of the genus
Pachytriton (Caudata: Salamandridae)
from southeastern China.”

ANNUAL Report 2012-2013
aoe Zo

Darko Cartoras

ily Groopman

km

MCZ GRANT RECIPIENTS
ACADEMIC YEAR 2012—2013

Grants-in-Aid of Undergraduate Research (GUR)

These grants support research by Harvard undergraduates under faculty supervision.
Priority is given to projects that utilize MCZ and Harvard University Herbaria (HUH)
research collections, laboratories and facilities. Support for these grants comes from the
MCZ’s Myvanwy M. and George M. Dick Scholarship for Students and from HUH.

Recipient Faculty Sponsor/
Academic Dept.

Saad Amer Charles C. Davis/
Organismic and
Evolutionary Biology

Armaghan N. Behlum_ | Bence P. Olveczky/
Organismic and
Evolutionary Biology

Mia S. Bertalan Lauren O’Connell/
Center for Systems
Biology

Emily A. Burke Gonzalo Giribet/
Organismic and
Evolutionary Biology

Inanna L. Carter Charles Davis/
Organismic and
Evolutionary Biology

Project Title Amount

Ecology and evolution of the microsoroid
ferns of French Polynesia

Calibrating the dosage of Muscimol
necessary to temporarily suppress cortex

Poison dart frog toxins as anti-microbial/
anti-fungal agents

Phylogeny of Bdellouridae: genetic diversity
and population structure of commensal
flatworms

Insect herbivore community of Hawaiian
lobeliads

Alexander J. Cunha Andrew Richardson/
Organismic and
Evolutionary Biology

Tyler W. Gamble Jonathan B. Losos/
Organismic and

Evolutionary Biology

Marine nutrient flux in the Klamath River $2,500
Structural microhabitat use in Utilan anoles | $2,500
(Norops bicaorum, N. utilensis, N. sericeus)

Emily E. Groopman Richard W.
Wrangham/Human
Evolutionary Biology

Energetic consequences of food processing | $2,412
on lipid and protein-rich foods

Fiona V. Jevon J. William Munger/

School of Engineering
and Applied Sciences
& Andrew Richardson/
Organismic and
Evolutionary Biology

rive ZOOLOGY

Red maple decline at the Harvard Forest $700

Szabolcs Safian

Recipient

Courtland A. Kelly

Alexander M. Kim

Sang II Kim

Sang II Kim

Mai T. Le

Sarah J. Scalia

Alexandra Stote

Tristan W. Wang

Faculty Sponsor/
Academic Dept.
Charles C. Davis/

Organismic and
Evolutionary Biology

Gonzalo Giribet/
Organismic and
Evolutionary Biology

Project Title

Climate change and flowering time in
New England

mt

Didem Sarikaya

Amount

$2,500

From the Gulf of Guinea to the bridge of the | $1,043

world: transoceanic dispersal and human-
mediated invasion in a pantropical genus of |
freshwater prawns

Brian D. Farrell/
Organismic and
Evolutionary Biology

A systematic review of the Dorcus velutinus |
species group (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)
through an integrative taxonomic approach
[Fall Cycle]

$1,260

Brian D. Farrell/
Organismic and
Evolutionary Biology

Scott V. Edwards/
Organismic and
Evolutionary Biology

Hopi E. Hoekstra/
Organismic and

Undiscovered diversity in the stag beetle
populations of the Dorcus velutinus
species group (Lucanidae: Coleoptera)
[Spring Cycle]

The evolution of genetic pathogen
(Mycoplasma gallisepticum) resistance in the
North American house finch

In situ hybridization to understand

| burrowing behavior of Peromyscus
Evolutionary Biology |

George V. Lauder/
Organismic and

Evolutionary Biology
+

Disc-suction performance of echeneid fishes |

;

|

:
+

$2,500

Charles C. Davis/
Organismic and

Evolutionary Biology
a i

| Physiology and distribution of filmy ferns of

French Polynesia

$2,032

Total Awards

Robert G. Goelet Summer Research Awards
Goelet Awards support MCZ graduate student summer research projects. Funds support
travel to field sites and related subsistence expenses incurred in pursuit of research

objectives. These grants are made possible through a gift from Mr. Robert G. Goelet.

Recipient
Nicole L. Bedford

Zachary Lewis

MCZ Department | Project Title

Mammalogy

The natural history of burrowing in the
oldfield mouse, Peromyscus polionotus

Amount

Herpetology

4

Field collection of lungless salamander
embryos

Total Awards

Saree ANNUAL REPORT

2012-2013

Alexander Kim Kyle O'Connell

Rowan Barrett

20

Rowan Barrett

Marianne Espeland

Ernst Mayr Travel Grants in Animal Systematics
Ernst Mayr Grants support travel for research in animal systematics and are open to the scientific
community worldwide. The principal objective of these grants is to stimulate taxonomic work

on neglected taxa and/or poorly described species. Ernst Mayr Grants typically facilitate visits

to institutional collections, with preference given to research that uses MCZ’s collections. These
grants are made possible by a gift from Professor and former MCZ Director Ernst Mayr.

Recipient

Viktor Baranov

Institutional
Affiliation
National Academy of Underestimated groups of non-biting

| Science, Ukraine midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) in Bergen
_ University Museum collection

Project Title

Brendan E. Boudinot

University of Utah |The male ants of Central America; keys to
and diagnoses of the subfamilies and genera

|
+ == — = —

Amount

$1,000

| $1,500

Adam J. Brunke

|
A world revision of Bolitogyrus (Coleoptera:
Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)

_ University of
| Copenhagen

Caroline Chaboo

| University of Kansas | Systematics of leaf beetles (Coleoptera:
| Chrysomelidae): immature stages, fossils,
faunistics, and genera revisions

oe ee!

$1,500

Elisandra A. Chiquito

Universidade de Sao | The genus Nectomys Peters, 1860
| Paulo, Brazil (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae): systematics
and biogeography

Susan M. Drymala

North Carolina State | Taxonomic assessment of a new
_ University | paracrocodylomorph (Archosauria, Suchia)
| from the Late Triassic of North Carolina

$1,500

Michael Elias

_ Heteroptera: Miridae) of the southwest Pacific

Georg Fischer

_ University of New | Systematics of Orthotylini (Insecta: $1,500
South Wales

California Academy | Taxonomy of Pheidole from Madagascar
of Sciences

$1,500

Andrey V. Frolov

Francisco Hita Garcia

"7 a T
| Russian Academy of /
Sciences

Revision of Madagascar Orphninae

' California Academy | Taxonomic revision of the myrmicine ant
of Sciences genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera:

$740

Igor Khorozyan

Tomas Lackner
Francisco Tiago M.
Melo

Mark T. O’Shea
Daniel N. Proud
Jacob R. Saucier
Marianna V.P. Sim6es

Theodore Sumnicht

Carly M. Tribull

Formicidae)

Georg-August ) Using computed tomography to study the
Universitat _ skull of the holotype Anatolian leopard
Gottingen, Germany | Panthera pardus tulliana (Valenciennes, 1865)
Czech University of | Systematic revision of the genera of the

Life Sciences | Saprininae subfamily

$1,200

$1,500

Federal University of | Revision of species in the genus
Para, Brazil Diplectanum Diesing, 1858

1 $1,500

University of The systematics and distribution of the
Wolverhampton, UK | endemic New Guinea forest snakes of the

genus Toxicocalamus (Serpentes, Elapidae) |

a

| $1,500

University of Taxonomic work on Cosmetidae and other
Louisiana at Lafayette harvestmen (Opiliones) of Central America

University of Wyoming | Characterizing genetic and morphological

_ variation in the Cantorchilus modestus complex |

University of Kansas, Systematics of tortoise beetle tribe
Lawrence Dorynotini Monrdés & Viana, 1949
(Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae)

University of Utah Taxonomic revision of Cerapachys

Richard Gilder Taxonomic revision of the subfamily
Graduate School, Gonatopodinae (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae)
American Museum

of Natural History

Total Awards

$1,500

:
+

$25,802

Putnam Expedition Grants

Putnam Expedition Grants are intended to support MCZ faculty-curators, postdoctoral
fellows and graduate students in collecting specimens and data relating to the study of
comparative zoology. Priority is given to projects that collect living specimens in regions
where habitats are threatened or fossil specimens in regions most likely to hold important
clues for unraveling evolutionary strategies. These grants are made possible by a gift from
Mr. and Mrs. George Putnam, Jr.,’49.

Recipient MCZ Department | Project Title Amount

Rowan D. H. Barrett Mammalogy Evolution in action in the Sand Hills of $11,080
Nebraska

— ~ Zs if

Leonora S. Bittleston | Entomology The insect communities of convergently $7,140
evolved pitcher plants in Borneo

Scott V. Edwards Ornithology Genetics and winter incidence of the
pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum on
house finches and other birds

Mananna Simoes

Marianne Espeland Entomology Phylogeny of the Euchrysops section
(Polyommatinae): Biogeography and
the evolution of feeding habits and wing
coloration

Rosa M. Fernandez Invertebrate Zoology | Exploring cryptic diversity in soil animals: a | $10,385
case study in earthworms and harvestmen

Patrick S. Gorring Entomology Systematics and determinants of | $4,120

diversity in Monochamus (Coleoptera:
Cerambycidae)

j

Theo Sumnicht

Emily H. Kay Mammalogy Habitat and temporal isolation in two | $6,557
Peromyscus sister species

— —S—S—— m — =
Sarah Lemer Invertebrate Zoology | Collecting bivalves of the family Pinnidae in | $10,192
the Philippines

Jonathan B. Losos Herpetology | Field studies of the evolutionary diversity of
Colombian Anolis lizards

Ricardo Mallarino Mammalogy The genetic and developmental basis
of adaptive traits: coat color variation in
Peromyscus of the Tularosa Basin,

New Mexico

ee ; * z
Christina Pauline Riehl | Ornithology Evolution of parasitic and cooperative

Bruno A. Souza de Entomology Insect-host interactions and rates of
Medeiros evolution in a community of palm weevils

Total Awards

Francisco Hita Garcia

Miyata Grants

The Ken Miyata Fund for Field Research Awards are intended to enable herpetological
fieldwork by MCZ graduate students and postdoctoral fellows. Non-herpetological fieldwork
may be eligible when there are no deserving herpetological projects. These grants are made
possible by a gift from Dr. Barbara Jil Wu, Ph.D. ’81 and Mr. Eric Larson, A.B. °77.

Recipient MCZ Department | Project Title

Katherine E. Boronow | Herpetology The impact of an intraguild predator, | $4,200
| Anolis equestris, on prey behavior and
evolution

Ambika Kamath | Herpetology Can anthropogenic change drive variation | $4,320
_in mating systems in the South Asian
_agamid lizard Sitana ponticeriana?

Ambika Kamath

Total Awards

ANNUAL REporT 2012-2013
Semin D7

National Geographic

Mike Busada «

AWARDS & RECOGNITION

NATIONAL
GEOGRAPHIC¢

NETWORKS GR¢

Edward O. Wilson with paleontologist
Loui sé Le akey

Emeritus

Edward O. Wilson was one of three
recipients of the 2013 Hubbard Medal
from the National Geographic Society.

The medal, which recognizes distinction in
exploration, discovery and research, is the
Society's oldest and most prestigious award.

Faculty

Scott Edwards will serve a two-year term as
the Director of the Division of Biological
Infrastructure at the National Science
Foundation. DBI empowers biological
discovery by supporting the development
and enhancement of biological resources,
human capital and centers.

Hopi Hoekstra has been selected as
a Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Investigator, beginning in the fall of
2013. The appointment provides the
flexible support necessary to move
an investigator’s research in creative
new directions. Prof. Hoekstra is
also the recipient of the 2013 Estela
Medrano Award from the Pan
American Society for Pigment Cell
Research, which recognizes a young
scientist “that has made, or has the
potential to make, transformative
contributions that span traditional

discipline boundaries relevant to

was featured in The New York Times

Profiles in Science.”

OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY oe

pigment cell biology.” In January, she

Staff

Stefan Cover, Curatorial Assistant in the
entomology collection, and Pedro Ramirez,
Research Assistant at the Concord Field
Station, were each honored by Harvard for
25 years of service to the University.

Congratulations to Alison Pirie, Faculty
& Collections Assistant in Mammalogy
and Ornithology, on her retirement after
nearly 38 years of service to the MCZ. We
thank her for her unwavering positive
attitude and dedication to the MCZ and
wish her the best!

Marie Studer, EOL Learning + Education
Director, and Linda S. Ford, Director of
Collections Operations, were recognized
with Impact Awards for their sustained,
superior performance and exceptional
effectiveness in the Faculty of Arts and
Sciences.

Linda Ford

Catherine Weisel, Museum Project
Coordinator, received a Dean’s Distinction
Award, which recognizes outstanding
citizenship and exceptional contributions
in support of the Faculty of Arts and
Sciences’ mission.

Postdoctoral Fellows
Rowan Barrett was the recipient of the 2013
Theodosius Dobzhansky Prize in recognition

of his accomplishments and future promise of

an outstanding young evolutionary biologist.
The award is given by the Society for the
Study of Evolution,

Victoria Wilke

Melissa Aja

Hillary Maddin

Hillary Maddin was awarded Canada’s
Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship. The
fellowship provides funding to the very best
postdoctoral applicants, both nationally and
internationally, who will positively contribute
to the country’s economic, social and
research-based growth.

Ian Wang received a 2013 Jasper Loftus-
Hills Young Investigators’ Award from the
American Society of Naturalists. The award
recognizes outstanding and promising
work by investigators early in their
postdoctoral career.

Graduate Students

Christopher Laumer

Shane Campbell-Staton received an NSF
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant
for his project titled, “Temperature-
dependent phylogeography and limits of
thermal tolerance in Anolis carolinensis.”

Emily Jacobs-Palmer won the Hamilton

Prize for best student presentation at the
2013 Evolution Meetings for her work on the
genetics of sperm morphology in deer mice.

Emily Kay was the recipient
of the George W. Barlow
Award from the Animal
Behavior Society for the top-
ranked research proposal

to encourage excellence in
graduate student research in
the field of animal behavior.

Christopher Laumer received
an NSF Doctoral Dissertation
Improvement Grant for

his project titled “Scalable
phylogenomics at the

species level: a novel target-
gene approach to tracing

the global diversification

of prorhynchid flatworms
(Platyhelminthes).”

Zachary Lewis received the
Sigma Xi Grant in Aid of
Research for his proposal
titled “The developmental
genetic basis of lung loss in
lungless salamanders.” Lewis
also claimed first prize in
the campus photography
competition Glimpse into Life
Science: Scientific Artwork by
Harvard Graduate Students,
hosted by the Harvard
Integrated Life Sciences.

Martha Munoz is the recipient
of a John Parker Merit
Fellowship and a Graduate
Student Council Conference

Grant, both from Harvard. She

also received a Broadening
Participation Award from the
Society for Integrative and
Comparative Biology.

Yunke Wu received a
postdoctoral fellowship
from the United States
Department of Agriculture.
Wu will be continuing

his research at Cornell
University.

Scott Edwards and Alison Pirie

Martha Munoz

ANNUAL REPortT 2012-2013

Kate Eldridge

Shea Lambert

Zo

©)

FINANCIAL DATA

These charts describe the income and expenses of the Museum of Comparative Zoology in fiscal year 2013.

Endowment income funds much of the Museum’s activities,
including acquisition and maintenance of collections,
most faculty and staff salaries, capital projects, facilities
renovation and maintenance. Included in Endowment
income is the annual distribution, revenue generated
from assets purchased through endowments and endowed
funds decapitalized per donor request. Transfers include
Harvard University-funded faculty research, financial
support for the Ernst Mayr Library and other Harvard-
funded projects. Other Income comprises miscellaneous
income from publication subscriptions, royalties, sales and
fees, and other cost recovery from other MCZ-sponsored
activities. Reserves represent the amount of carry-forward
balances used to cover an operating deficit. Overhead is
funding paid from MCZ-based sponsored projects to the

MCZ to cover facilities and administrative costs for those

Income

Gifts 1%

Transfers 2% Overhead Earned 3%

Other Income 1% Reserves 14%

Endowment 67%

Income

Endowment $13,838,180
Reserves $2,877,361
Federal Sponsored Revenue $1,941,582
Overhead Earned $663,289
Nonfederal Sponsored Revenue $464,415
Transfers $441,937
Gifts $181,900
Other Income $121,662
Total $20,530,326

\ {1 OF COMPAR OOLOGY
( ) | RATIVE ZOO! SE

Federal
Sponsored
Revenue
10%

Nonfederal Sponsored Revenue 2%

projects. It is shown as both income (Overhead Earned)
and expenses (Overhead Charged). Special Project-NW
Collections includes deployment of collections to the newly
constructed space in the Northwest Building. Building
expenses such as maintenance, facility improvements and
utilities are captured in the Space & Occupancy category.
Operating Expenses consist of equipment purchases,
supplies, consultant and conference fees, as well as

annual subventions to the Department of Organismic and
Evolutionary Biology (OEB) for administrative services.
Support for MCZ-affiliated graduate students in OEB is
included in Scholarships, Awards & Travel. Institutional
Expenses are support for other University activities outside
the MCZ, including FAS and University initiatives, the
Harvard College Library, and general operating support to
the Harvard Museum of Natural History.

Expenses

Special Project-NW Collections 11% Scholarships,
Awards &

Travel 2%

Capitalized
Balances <1%

Space & Occupancy 9%

Operating Institutional
Expenses Expenses
20% 13%

Salaries & Fringe Benefits 41% Overhead Charged 3%

Expenses

Salaries & Fringe Benefits $8,487,000
Operating Expenses $4,102,685
Institutional Expenses $2,712,515
Special Project-NW Collections $2,228,675
Space & Occupancy $1,902,236
Overhead Charged (Sponsored) $663,289
Scholarships, Awards & Travel $419,276
Capitalized Balances $14,650
Total $20,530,326

Faculty-Curators

Andrew A. Biewener
Charles P. Lyman Professor of Biology;
Director, Concord Field Station

Scott V. Edwards

Professor of Organismic and
Evolutionary Biology; Alexander
Agassiz Professor of Zoology; Curator
of Ornithology

Brian D. Farrell
Professor of Biology; Curator of
Entomology

Gonzalo Giribet

Professor of Biology; Alexander Agassiz
Professor of Zoology; Curator of
Invertebrate Zoology

James Hanken

Professor of Biology; Alexander Agassiz
Professor of Zoology; Curator of
Herpetology; Director, MCZ

Hopi E. Hoekstra

Professor of Biology; Professor of
Molecular and Cellular Biology;
Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology;
Curator of Mammalogy

Farish A. Jenkins, Jr.

Professor of Biology; Alexander Agassiz
Professor of Zoology; Curator of
Vertebrate Paleontology

George V. Lauder

Professor of Biology; Henry Bryant
Bigelow Professor of Ichthyology;
Curator of Ichthyology

Jonathan B. Losos

Monique and Philip Lehner Professor
for the Study of Latin America;
Curator of Herpetology

James J. McCarthy

Professor of Biological Oceanography;
Alexander Agassiz Professor of
Biological Oceanography; Acting
Curator of Malacology

Naomi E. Pierce

Sidney A. and John H. Hessel Professor
of Biology; Curator of Entomology

Robert M. Woollacott
Professor of Biology; Curator of Marine
Invertebrates

Emeritus Faculty

Kenneth J. Boss
Faculty-Curator, Emeritus;
Professor of Biology, Emeritus

A.W. “Fuzz” Crompton
Faculty-Curator, Emeritus; Fisher
Professor of Natural History, Emeritus

Herbert W. Levi
Faculty-Curator, Emeritus; Alexander
Agassiz Professor of Zoology, Emeritus

Richard C. Lewontin

Professor of Biology, Emeritus;
Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology,
Emeritus

Edward O. Wilson

Honorary Curator in Entomology;
Pellegrino University Professor,
Emeritus

Postdoctoral Fellows,
Research Associates
& Visiting Scholars

Sonia Da Silva Andrade
Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab

Allison Arnold-Rife
Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab

Niclas Backstrom
Ornithology, Edwards Lab

Rowan D. H. Barrett
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab

Andres Bendesky
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab

Gilberto Neves Bento
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab

Maria del Rosario Castaneda
Herpetology, Losos Lab

Celine Clabaut
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab

Savel Daniels
Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab

Vera Domingues
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab

Rodney Eastwood
Entomology, Pierce Lab

Marianne Espeland
Entomology, Pierce Lab

Rosa Maria Fernandez Garcia
Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab

Heidi Fisher
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab

Brooke Flammang
Ichthyology, Lauder Lab

Adam Freedman
Herpetology & Mammalogy, Losos &
Hoekstra Labs

Matthew Fujita
Ornithology, Edwards Lab

Gabriel Gartner
Herpetology, Losos Lab

Masaru Hojo
Entomology, Pierce Lab

Natalie Holt
Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab

Travis Ingram
Herpetology, Losos Lab

Milan Janda
Entomology, Pierce Lab

Christopher Kenaley
Ichthyology, Lauder Lab

Julia Klaczko
Herpetology, Losos Lab

Sarah Kocher
Entomology, Pierce Lab

Sebastian Kvist
Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab

Jean-Marc Lassance
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab

Sarah Lemer
Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab

Matthew Lim
Entomology, Pierce Lab

Mark Liu
Ornithology, Edwards Lab

David Lubertazzi
Global Ant Project, Wilson Lab

Hillary Maddin
Herpetology, Hanken Lab

Ricardo Mallarino
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab

Marie M. Manceau
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab

Gabriel Miller
Entomology, Pierce Lab

Gerard Talavera Mor
Entomology, Pierce Lab

Mary O’Connell
Ornithology, Edwards Lab

Brant Peterson
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab

Nadine Piekarski
Herpetology, Hanken Lab
Yu-Ping Poh

Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab

Christian Rabeling
Entomology, Pierce Lab

Frank Rheindt
Ornithology, Edwards Lab

Thomas Sanger
Herpetology, Losos Lab
Lori Shapiro
Entomology, Pierce Lab

Emma Sherratt
Herpetology, Losos Lab

Flavia Termignoni
Ornithology, Edwards Lab
Anu Veijalainen
Entomology, Farrell Lab
Ian Wang

Herpetology, Losos Lab

Li Wen

Ichthyology, Lauder Lab

Charles D. Williams
Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab

Alexander Ziegler
Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab

Graduate Students
Christopher Baker
Entomology, Pierce Lab

Maude Baldwin
Ornithology, Edwards Lab

Nicole Bedford
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab

Leonora Bittleston
Entomology, Pierce Lab

Katherine Boronow
Herpetology, Losos Lab

John Boyle
Entomology, Pierce Lab

Rebecca Buckman
Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab

Shane Campbell-Staton
Ornithology, Edwards Lab

Glenna Clifton
Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab

Mark Cornwall
Entomology, Pierce Lab

Amanda Evans

Entomology, Farrell Lab

Kara Feilich

Ichthyology, Lauder Lab
Kadeem Gilbert

Ornithology & Herpetology, Edwards
& Losos Labs

Vanessa Gonzalez

Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab
Patrick Gorring

Entomology, Farrell Lab

Alexis Harrison
Herpetology, Losos Lab

Michael Brent Hawkins
Herpetology, Hanken Lab

Emily Jacobs-Palmer
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab

Zofia Kaliszewska
Entomology, Pierce Lab

Ambika Kamath
Herpetology, Losos Lab
Emily Kay

Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Evan Kingsley
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab

Christopher Laumer
Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab

Zachary Lewis
Herpetology, Hanken Lab

Jeanette Lim
Ichthyology, Lauder Lab

Hillery Metz
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab

Talia Moore
Herpetology & Concord Field Station,
Losos & Biewener Labs

Martha Munoz
Herpetology, Losos Lab

Ivo Ros
Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab

Elizabeth Sefton
Herpetology, Hanken Lab

Allison Shultz
Ornithology, Edwards Lab

Bruno Souza de Medeiros
Entomology, Farrell Lab

Yoel Stuart
Herpetology, Losos Lab

Wenfei Tong
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab

Kira Treibergs

Marine Invertebrates, Woollacott Lab
Yunke Wu

Herpetology, Hanken Lab

PERSONNEL

Xuemai Zhai
Biological Oceanography,
McCarthy Lab

Associates

Gary Alpert

Associate of Entomology
Harvard University

Bruce Archibald
Associate of Entomology
Simon Fraser University

Aaron Bauer
Associate of Herpetology
Villanova University

Reinier Beeuwkes, III
Associate of Zoology
Ischemix Company

Andrew Berry
Associate of Population Genetics
Harvard University

Elizabeth Brainerd
Associate of Ichthyology
Brown University

Jae Choe
Associate of Entomology
Ewha Womans University

Janet Collett
Associate of Population Genetics
University of Sussex

Bruce Collette
Associate of Ichthyology
National Marine Fisheries Service

David Bruce Conn
Associate of Invertebrate Zoology
Berry College

James Costa
Associate of Entomology
Western Carolina University

Catherine Craig
Associate of Invertebrate Zoology
Harvard University

Harlan Dean
Associate of Invertebrate Zoology
Harvard University

Lloyd Demetrius
Associate of Population Genetics
Harvard University

Philip DeVries
Associate of Entomology
University of New Orleans

Gregory D. Edgecombe
Associate of Invertebrate Zoology
Natural History Museum, England

Ben Evans
Associate of Herpetology
McMaster University

Richard Glo
Associate of Herpetology
University of Kansas

Kelvin A. Guerrero
Associate of Entomology
Systematic Entomologist/
Environmental Consultant

Michael Hadfield
Associate of Marine Biology
Kewalo Manne Laboratory

Anthony Herrel

Associate of Herpetology
Muséum National d Histoire
Naturelle, Paris

Berthold Holldobler
Associate of Entomology
Anizona State University

Gustavo Hormiga
Associate of Invertebrate Zoology
George Washington University

Alan Kabat
Associate of Malacology
Attorney, Bernabei & Wachtel

Leslie S. Kaufman
Associate of Ichthyology
Boston University

Timothy Laman
Associate of Ornithology
National Geographic

Ruth Hortencia Bastardo Landrau
Associate of Entomology

Universidad Autonoma de Santo
Domingo

Joanna Larson
Associate of Herpetology
Harvard University

Phillip Lobel
Associate of Ichthyology
Boston University

David Lohman
Associate of Entomology
The City College of New York

Vladimir A. Lukhtanov
Associate of Entomology
Russian Academy of Sciences

Duane McKenna
Associate of Entomology
University of Memphis

Russell Mittermeier
Associate of Herpetology
Conservation International

William Montevecchi
Associate of Ornithology
Memorial University of Newfoundland

Piotr Naskrecki
Associate of Entomology
Conservation International

Martin Nweeia
Associate of Mammalogy
Harvard School of Dental Medicine

Diane B. Paul
Associate of Population Genetics
Harvard University

David L. Pawson

Associate of Marine Biology
Smithsonian National Museum of
Natural History

Stewart Peck
Associate of Entomology
Carleton University

Paulo Petry
Associate of Ichthyology
The Nature Conservancy

Steve Poe
Associate of Herpetology
University of New Mexico

Michael Rex
Associate of Malacology
University of Massachusetts, Boston

Jury Rudyakov
Associate of Invertebrate Zoology
Commonwealth of Massachusetts

Jessica Rykken
Associate of Entomology
Harvard University

Chris Schneider
Associate of Herpetology
Boston University

Andrea Sequeira
Associate of Entomology
Wellesley College

Scott R. Shaw
Associate of Entomology
University of Wyoming

Joel Sohn
Associate of Ichthyology
Golden Mountain Trading Company

Stephen Tilley
Associate of Herpetology
Smith College

James Traniello
Associate of Entomology
Boston University

David Wagner
Associate of Entomology
University of Connecticut

David Wake
Associate of Herpetology
University of California, Berkeley

Marvalee Wake
Associate of Herpetology
University of California, Berkeley

Philip S. Ward
Associate of Entomology
University of California, Davis

Jacqueline Webb
Associate of Ichthyology
University of Rhode Island

R. Haven Wiley
Associate of Ornithology
University of North Carolina

Cheryl Wilga
Associate of Ichthyology
University of Rhode Island

Judith Winston
Associate of Marine Biology
Virginia Museum of Natural History

Staff

Melissa Aja
Faculty/Collection Assistant,
Herpetology

Adam Baldinger
Curatorial Associate, Invertebrate
Zoology, Malacology & Marine

Invertebrates

Dorothy Barr
Public Services/MCB Liaison
Librarian, Ernst Mayr Library

Penny Benson
Curatorial Assistant, Malacology

Emily Braker
Curatorial Assistant, Collections
Operations

Constance Brichford
Curatorial Assistant, Collections
Operations

Ronnie Broadfoot
Circulation/Reference, Ernst Mayr
Library

Christopher Carden
Cataloger, Biodiversity Heritage
Library

Judith Chupasko
Curatorial Associate, Mammalogy

Stefan Cover
Curatorial Assistant, Entomology

Jessica Cundiff
Curatorial Associate, Invertebrate &
Vertebrate Paleontology

Joseph DeVeer
Head of Technical Services,
Ernst Mayr Library

Katherine Eldridge
Curatorial Assistant, Ornithology

Anne Everly
Lab Manager, Herpetology

Charles Farnum
Curatorial Assistant, Entomology

Helene Ferranti
Faculty/Collection Assistant,
Biological Oceanography & Marine
Biology

Dana Fisher
Assistant to the Librarian/Special
Collections, Ernst Mayr Library

Linda S. Ford
Director, Collections Operations

- Brendan Haley

Senior Database Manager

Karsten Hartel
Curatorial Associate, Ichthyology

Rachel Hawkins
Curatorial Assistant, Entomology

Kathleen Horton
Faculty/Collection Assistant,
Entomology

Amie Jones
Faculty/Collection Assistant,
Entomology

Maureen Kelly
Project Programmer, Biodiversity
Informatics

Laura Leibensperger
Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate
Zoology

Jennifer Lenihan

Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate
Zoology

Lisa Litchfield
Administrator, Concord Field Station

David Lowery
Project Programmer, Biodiversity
Informatics

Joseph Martinez

Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology
Juri Miyamae

Curatorial Assistant, Collections
Operations

Richard Monk

Database Programmer/Consutant,
Collections Operations

Paul Morris
Biodiversity Informatics Manager

Robert Morris
IT Specialist/Consultant, Biodiversity
Informatics

April Mullins
Acquisitions & Technology Specialist,
Ernst Mayr Library

Catherine Musinsky
Faculty/Collection Assistant,
Mammalogy

John Nevins

Laboratory Systems Manager for
Biological Oceanography & Marine
Biology

Somer O’Brien

Staff Assistant, Concord Field Station

Mark Omura
Curatorial Assistant, Mammalogy

Philip Perkins

Curatonal Associate, Entomology
Alison Pirie

Faculty/Collection Assistant,
Ornithology & Mammalogy

Bridget Power
Faculty/Collection Assistant,
Invertebrate & Vertebrate Paleontology

Jignasha Rana
Research Assistant, Entomology

Murat Recevik
Curatonal Assistant, Malacology

Mark Renczkowski
Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate
Paleontology

Constance Rinaldo
Librarian, Ernst Mayr Library

Alana Rivera
Curatorial Assistant, Collections
Operations

José Rosado
Curatorial Associate, Herpetology

Mary Sears
Head of Public Services, Ernst Mayr
Library

Diane Sheridan
Faculty/Collection Assistant,
Invertebrate Zoology

Margaret Starvish
Faculty/Collection Assistant,
Ichthyology

Tsuyoshi Takahashi
Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology &
Collections Operations

Jennifer Thomson
Faculty/Collection Assistant,
Populations Genetics

Diana Tingley Turmenne
Curatorial Assistant, Collections
Operations

Jeremiah Trimble

Curatorial Associate, Ornithology

Catherine Weisel

Museum Projects Coordinator
Ken Wilcox

Building Superintendent, Concord
Field Station

Victoria Wilke
Curatorial Assistant, Collections
Operations

Andrew Williston
Curatorial Assistant, Ichthyology

Jonathan Woodward
Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology &
Collections Operations

Robert Young

Special Collections Librarian,

Ernst Mayr Library

Breda Zimkus

Project Manager for Genetic Resources

Temporary Staff
Sarah Cohen

Malacology

Ann Downer-Hazell

EOL Learning + Education
Group

Gwendolyn Fougy Henry
Ernst Mayr Library
Jyhjong Hwang
Collections Operations
Richard Knecht
Invertebrate © Vertebrate Paleontology

Jessica Mitchell
Ernst Mayr Library

Valerie Root
Ernst Mayr Library

Kaitlin Sheridan
Invertebrate Zoology

Robert Stymeist
Ornithology

Tatiana De Souza Vargas
Collections Operations

Encyclopedia of
Life, Learning +
Education Group

Tracy Barbaro
Project Coordinator

Jeffrey T. Holmes
Digital Learning Editor

Marie M. Studer
Learning + Education Director

Administration for the
Department of Organismic
& Evolutionary Biology
Krista Carmichael

Senior Research Administrator

Rebecca Chetham
Executive Director

Irv Dumay
Building Manager

Paul Dwyer
Mailroom Staff Assistant

Jeannette Everritt

Administrative Coordinator

Jason Green

Accounting Assistant

Philip Norton

Assistant Building Manager

Monica Oyama

Accounting Assistant

Kristin Pennarun
Senior Research Administrator

Christopher Preheim
Coordinator of Academic Programs

Damari Rosado

Associate Director of Administration

Anna Salvato
Manager of Financial Operations

Deborah Smiley

Web Project Manager

Geoff Tierney
Associate Director of Finance &
Research Administration

Laura Tomaino
Human Resources Coordinator

The MCZ deeply appreciates the additional support and
contributions of numerous interns and undergraduate students

during the 2012-2013 academic year.

The MCZ’s charter, signed in 1859, mandates that the
Museum’s activities will be overseen by a governing board,
the Faculty of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Dr. John D. Constable
Mr. Robert G. Goelet
Mr. George Putnam, Jr.

Mr. George Putnam, Ill
Dr. Barbara Jil Wu
Mr. Paul J. Zofnass

President Drew Gilpin Faust

Acknowledgements

This annual report was produced by the Office of the Director
of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Editors

James Hanken, Director

Catherine Weisel, Musewm Projects Coordinator

Copy, Design & Production
Cyndi Wood

Creative Project Management, Inc.

www.creativeprojectmgmt.com

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MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
26 Oxford Street
Cambridge, MA 02138

617.495.2460
www.mcez.harvard.edu