• I

/

, ‘

I

• •

I

OF THE

Salinwtisatiott of Victoria.

AS ADOPTED

At the Annual Meeting of the Society, held March 10th, 1871,
at TnE Mechanics’ Institute, Melbourne.

“Oimua fcrct omnia Win#,”

MELBOURNE:

STILLWELL & KNIGHT, PRINTERS, COLLINS STREET EAST.

1871.

LIST OF THE OFFICERS

OF HE

CCL1 JAAT I S AT I O N

-»-

OCI ETY,

His Excellency VISCOUNT CANTERBURY

Dr. BLACK.

Dr. YON MUELLER, C.M.G. PROFESSOR McCOY

fjon.

T. J. SUMNER, Esq.

^Umbers

Hon. A. MICHIE,

COUNT DE CASTLENAU.

F. G. MOULE, Esq. '

Hon. Dr. DOBSON, M.L.C.

H. P. VENABLES, Esq., B.A.

Dr. JOSEPH BLACK.

G. COPPIN, Esq.

JOHN STEAVENSON, Esq.

of (EoUtttU.

J. B. WERE, Esq.

F. C. CHRISTY, Esq.
ALBERT PUKCHAS, Esq.
GEORGE SPRIGG, Esq.
ROBERT HAMMOND, Esq.
CURZON ALLPORT, Esq.
Dr. PUGH.

flow. Stottarg.

ALBERT A. C. LE SOUEF, Esq.

ACCLIMATISATION SOCIETY OF VICTORIA.

The Annual Meeting of the Acclimatisation Society of Victoria
was held at the Mechanics’ Institute, Collins-street, on Friday,
March 10, 1871.

The President of the Society, Dr. Black, took the chair, and in
doing so stated that His Excellency the Governor, who was the
Patron of the Society, would have been present but for a prior
engagement.

The hon. Secretary, Mr. Le Souef, then read the following report
of the Council:—

The Council of the Acclimatisation Society has much pleasure
in presenting to the subscribers, the Seventh Report of their
proceedings.

Circumstances prevented the issue of the Report for 1869,
the usual subsidy having been discontinued for that year, the
efforts of the Society were necessarily confined to conserving the
animals already in their possession, rather than directed towards
the introduction of fresh stock. Last year the Government and
Parliament .again recognised the useful labours of the Society,
the sum of £1,000 was voted towards its maintenance, and
£400 has been granted for the first half of the present year. It is
much to be regretted that the present list of subscribers is so small,
but it is confidently anticipated that an improvement will take
place in that respect in future.

Since the last report was published, the Society has lost the
valuable services of Mr. George Sprigg as secretary, that gentle¬
man having accepted another position, as in consequence of the loss
of a large portion of the income of the Society, the Council were
compelled to make the secretaryship an honorary office. On Mr.
Sprigg’s resignation, Mr. Lissignol was elected as his successor,
and after Mr. Lissigtiol’s removal in May last, the services of

G

Mr. Albert Le Souef, the Usher of the Legislative Council, were
secured for the duties of honorary secretary. Under his management
the Society bids fair to again become extensively useful.

At the date of the last report, the Society was daily expecting
the arrival of sonie ostriches from South Africa ; the birds, four in
number, reached Melbourne in safety, and Mr. Samuel Wilson, of
Longerenong, kindly undertook their charge. They have now
increased to sixteen, and there is every reason to suppose that
their numbers will bo considerably augmented in the course of
this season. So far the experiment has been a marked success.
Ostrich farming is a profitable occupation at the Cape Colony,
and it is hoped will ultimately become so here. The climate of the
Wimmera district appears to be well adapted to their habits; as a proof
of which, the young Australian birds are now taller than the parent
stock.

The Society has disposed of a number of Angora goats during the
last two years, having been compelled to do so, in consequence of
their financial position ; though much regretted at the time, this
must prove of advantage to the colony, as these animals are now in
a great many hands, and as all who possess them are fully alive
to their value, it is hoped that care and attention will be
paid to them. A number of males have been purchased by persons
who wished to place them with the common white goat \ the cross
produces a fine and docile animal, lhe Society is now in possession
of about seventy pure Angoras, the greater number of which are at
Mr. Wilson’s station, on the Wimmera, a locality in every way
suited to them.

The Society has done and is doing all in its power to encourage
sericulture in the colony, and to this end has, in conjunction with
Dr. Von Mueller, sent white mulberry cuttings and plants to
all parts of Victoria. Before this industry can become a commercial
success a sufficient supply of food must be provided for the worms,
and it is of interest to observe the large number of applications
for cuttings to form plantations, and the great desire evinced to test
practically so profitable and desirable an industry. Some months
ago a box of silk-worm eggs was sent by the Government of India to
His Excellency the Governor, who kindly handed them to the Society

7

for distribution, and lately a supply of very superior Japanese eggs,
sucb as are seldom sold to foreigners, liave been forwarded by Dr.
Bennett, the Hon. Sec. of the Acclimatisation Society of New
South AVales. The Council is in communication with the Hon.

Mr. Verdon, one of the Vice-Presidents of the Silk Supply Associa¬
tion of London, and with Mr. Francis Cobb, the hon. secretary of
that institution, and have asked the latter gentleman whether
it would come within the scope of the operations of the
Association to appoint some person in Melbourne to purchase
cocoons, as there are a number of people who hold parcels, aud are
discouraged at not being able to turn the fruit of their labour into
money. Until an answer has been received to this letter, the
Council is prepared to forward cocoons to London, the sender paying
the freight; and would impress upon sericulturists that it is quite un¬
necessary to reel the silk, as that operation is performed much better
in England where machinery exists for the purposo. The Silk
Supply Association, in one of their Eeports recently published!
recognises no less than 36,000 square miles of country in Victoria
well suited to the growth of silk, and when the numerous
young plantations Gome into bearing, a great stimulus will be given
to this industry, which in all probability will, before many years,
add materially to the wealth of tho colony. The Council would
here express their thanks to the President and Professor M'Coy, for
the great interest they have always shown in developing sericulture.

The deer turned out at various times have increased rapidly,
the Council have heard from time to time of considerable herds
having become established in different parts of'the country. The
axis deer on the Grampians are numerous and widely spread, and
other parts of the colony are stocked with varieties of the same
animal. There aro at present some surplus deer at the Society’s
Gardens at the Loyal Park, which will be shortly liberated in
suitable localities removed from settlement, whilst many have
already been toned out this year.

The hares have increased in a very marked manner, and are
rapidly extending throughout the country : a few have been lately
placed in a district well suited to them, about forty miles from
town, and tho Council have in addition sent some to Tasmania and

8

New Zealand, as well as having supplied several applicants in
Victoria.

With reference to pisciculture, the Council have to report that
considerable progress has been made, notwithstanding several draw¬
backs and losses. One hundred ova of sea trout were received from
the Salmon Commissioners of Tasmania last year, at the proper
season, and were successfully hatched at the Royal Park, where they
were retained with very small loss until fit for removal; they were
then carried to a pond which had been prepared for them ;
but the water was found to be unsuitable, and a number
of deaths occurred in consequence; the remainder were successfully
removedwithoutfurther loss to the head waters of a brightclearstream
a day’s journey from Melbourne. This experiment has proved
that ova may be successfully hatched at the Society’s establishment,
and the young fish carried to any part of the colony. The Council
therefore propose, for the present, to obtain ova from Tasmania
rather than to incur the expense of preparing breeding ponds. It
is proposed, after hatching the ova at the Royal Park, to distribute
the young fish to persons who will place them in enclosed waters
adapted for them, and who will engage to prepare ponds to keep
fish for breeding purposes, so that the fry may be turned out each
year into the open streams.

A large number of brown trout ova were also obtained last spring,
and in compliance with previous arrangements were placed in hatching
boxes upon a stream some distance up the country, at the station of
a Member of the Society, who, at his own expense not only pre¬
pared the boxes, but also a pond. The boxes were properly protected
so far as could be foreseen. The ova were sucessfully hatched, and
the young fish in a fit state for moving, when some person in the
absence of the owner cut away the zinc covering from the boxes and
removed the young fish. It is disheartening to gentlemen who are
spending their time and money in carrying out the objects of the
Society to have their ends frustrated by such nefarious conduct. It is
to be presumed, however, that the fry have been turned out elsewhere,
it is to be hoped, into some stream suitable for them.

Several streams have already been supplied with young trout, and
from one of them a fish was taken about six months ago measuring

9

ten inches in length; it is now exhibited as the first Victorian trout.
The Council have just completed at their gardens a breeding pond
for perch, and are advised that the parent fish will reach Melbourne
from Tasmania on the 10th instant. From this pond the whole of
the colony may be supplied. There is no doubt that the introduction
of salmon and trout into the rivers of Tasmania, has proved a
success. It is reported that large salmon have been seen this season,
and trout fishing is now permitted under license. The fish caught
some time back in the Derwent, about which a discussion took
place, have been admitted to be true salmon ; and as they were the
young of fish reared in the colony, the acclimatization of them
has been accomplished. The Council desire cordially to thank Sir
Robert Officer and the Salmon Commissioners for the trout ova and
fry they have sent, and also to express their appreciation of the
services of the Melbourne Anglers’ Protective Society in conserving
the native fish.

The zoological elemeut has not been neglected, and proves
pleasing and instructive to many thousands of people who visit the
Society’s Gardens during the course of the year. A considerable
measure of success has been achieved in the rearing of phea¬
sants and wild-fowl during the season just passed, about sixty of
the former have been reared, principally of the silver variety
(Phasianus Nycthemerus), some of which have just been liberated.
A great number of English and Indian wild duck have also been
reared; some of these have been set at liberty in the lake at the
Botanic Gardens; about forty young birds have taken flight with the
native wild ducks visiting the ponds, and some others have been
presented to gentlemen who have sent the Society birds or animals of
interest in exchange.

The Council would here desire to mention to their friends in the
country, that donations of any native birds or animals, excepting
native bears, cats, or opossums, will be gladly received. If not
required for the collection at the gardens, they are always useful
for the purpose of exchange with other countries.

Since the date of the last Report, a number of pheasants (50
Phasianus Pictus), brought out by Captain Jones, of the Superb ,
were purchased partly by the Society, and partly by a gentleman

10

who lias turned them out on his property, and who speaks very
encouragingly of their rapid increase; and the Council hear from
time to time of the increase of pheasants in other localities.

The Council have sent to San Francisco, California, for a consign¬
ment of the splendid mountain quail of that country. And, at the
request of the Society, His Excellency the Governor has kindly
placed himself in communication with His Excellency Lord Mayo,
the Viceroy of India, on the subject of procuring partridges, phea¬
sants, and jungle fowl from that country.

From past experience in the operations of the Society, the
Council have considered it desirable to solicit, through the medium
of the Field, and Land and Water newspapers in the mother
country, the kind donations of animals and birds suitable to this
climate, from owners of lauded property and others who may
possess them.

The Council intend to renew their efforts' in the next session of
Parliament, to amend the present Game Act. It is their opinion
that the swivel gun ought to be at once abolished, as the effect of
that weapon is to wound as many birds as are killed; independently
to its putting a stop to all legitimate sport.

The Council notice with regret that there is amongst some persons
a tendency to decry the cause of acclimatisation, but there are others
who take a very different view, and who regard the disinterested
labours of the Society as useful in the highest degree. Its sole aim
is to benefit the Colony at large, by filling its forests with game, and
its rivers and creeks with fish, thereby providing a variety of food
and sport for the inhabitants. Its efforts will be better appreciated
as time goes on, and as the results become more apparent.

The Council cannot conclude this report without expressing their
great obligations to the present Government, and to the late Parlia¬
ment, for the supplies granted to carry on the work; they would also
respectfully wish to thank His Excellency the Governor, the Patron
of the Society, for the great interest he has always shown in its
proceedings.

The Council are likewise not unmindful of the valuable services
in the cause of acclimatisation hitherto rendered by His Excellency
Sir Henry Barkly, Governor of the Capo of Good Hope, and there

11

is every reason to believe that he will still continue to further the
interests of the Society, whenever it is in his power to do so. The
cordial thanks of the Council are likewise duo to our numerous
friends, especially to Mr. Edward Wilson, who, though in England,
continues to take a lively interest in the objects of the Society, and
has recently made a handsome donation to its funds. The
Council is also indebted to Mr. Samuel Wilson, for his many
services, and to Mr. Kendall, the agent for the P. and O. Company,
for his kindness in granting permission on several occasions to send
stock free of charge by the mail steamers ; the same concession has
generally been granted by the agents of the different lines of inter¬
colonial steamers, for which the Council beg to tender their thanks.

In conclusion, they would express their warm thanks to Dr. Black,
the President of the Society, and to Mr. T. J. Sumner, the Honorary
Treasurer, for their disinterested and valuable services.

Patron:—HIS EXCELLENCY VISCOUNT CANTERBURY
continues to bo Patron of the Society, and the following gentlemen are

the present Office-bearers :—

DR. BLACK, President.

DR. VON MUELLER, C.M.G., Vice-President.
PROFESSOR McCOY, Bo.

T. J. SUMNER, Esq., Honorary Treasurer.
IION. A. MIC HIE, Member of the Council.

COUNT DE CASTLENAU, Do.

E. G. MOULE, Esq., Bo.

HON. DR. DOBSON, M.L.C., Do.

H. P. VENABLES, Esq., B.A. Bo.

DR. JOSEPH BLACK, Bo.

G. COPPIN, Esq., Bo.

JOHN STEAVENSON, Esq., Bo.

. J. B. WERE, Esq., Bo.

F. C. CHRISTY, Esq., Do.

ALBERT PURCHAS, Esq., Bo.

GEORGE SPRIGG, Esq., Bo.

ROBERT HAMMOND, Esq., Bo.

CURZON ALLPORT, Esq., Bo.

DR. PUGH, Bo.

ALBERT A. C. LE SOUEF, Esq., lion. Secretary ,

12

It will be necessary, under Rule 6, that tbe present Meeting con¬
firm the appointment of the gentlemen who have been elected to
the Council to fill vacancies which have occurred since the last
Annual Meeting. The Society’s Balance Sheet duly audited by
Mr. Rucker, public accountant, up to the end of last year, is also
submitted to the meeting.

Dr. Von Mueller, C.M.G., Vice-President of the Society, moved
the adoption of the Report and Balance-sheet, and in doing so
said that it was gratifying to him to witness once more the pro¬
ceedings of the Annual Meeting, more particularly as the last year
closed in prosperity, and the new one had commenced hopefully. He
considered that a large share of the present prosperity of the Society
was due to the care and interest displayed by Mr. Le Souef; he felt
it more his duty to refer to this as he knew from his former experi¬
ence, as the executive officer of the first Zoological Committee, how
much toil and anxiety were involved in such duties. He further
wished to observe how large a field of operations there was before
the Society; in enhancing the resources of the country, for instance,
he thought that careful researches should bo instituted in the mode
of development of the sturgeon and herring, with a view of learning
whether they could possibly be brought to these colonies. There was
a time when the transfer of salmon to the distant south was deemed
an impossibility, yet through the patient and thoughtful persever¬
ance of Mr. Edward Wilson, Mr. Youl, Sir Robert Officer, Mr. All¬
port, and other promoters of the great salmon enterprise, it had been
triumphantly accomplished. And he would here allude to the oppor¬
tunities afforded by new Autartic Navigation, for observing the
transit of Venus, for perhaps locating the herring in the Autartic
Sea. Any increase of food in rivers and seas was effected without
any cultural exertion, while the yield of such food, irrespective of its
ordinary value, gave so much opportunity for fertilising the land
without deprivation of any kind. Even on a small scale, much might
be done by merely transferring a basketful of eels to any lagoon or
chain of waterholes, which could not be utilised like flowing streams
for trout and other superior fish. Already on his suggestion, eels had
been taken from Melbourne to the rivers of St. Vincent’s Gulf, and
the lagoons near King George’s Sound. He might here remark

13

that the new Industrial Museum afforded a splendid opportunity of
bringing the commercial products of acclimatisation before the public.

He would also call attention to the fact, that the Society was
entitled to the favourable consideration of the Legislature, not
merely for the work of universal benefit which it continues to carry
out, but also because it maintains a large recreation ground with
garden plantations for the use of the general public, which otherwise
the large and populous suburbs near the Royal Park would be
deprived of; and ho might be permitted to state that it would afford
him pleasure to continue to aid in the extension of the park planta¬
tions. He would remark, in conclusion, that he hoped to be able
this year to establish (as long ago recommended in his official re¬
ports), test plantations in different climatic localities, one for instance
in the Lower Murray Desert, one on the Alpine Highlands,
and one in the Fern Tree Gullies. This might give new facilities for
local experiments in the cause of acclimatisation.

Mr. Purchas seconded the adoption of the Report and Balance-
sheet, and in doing so stated that he considered the Report as the
most favourable one that had been put forward by the Society for
some years.

The motion for the adoption of the Report and Balance-sheet was
put to the meeting by the chairman, and unanimously carried.

Mr. S. P. Winter, of the Wannon, said he would avail himself of
this opportunity, to thank the Society for having at the suggestion
of the President, given him a very valuable present of six silver
pheasants, to send to the Wannon Valley. Having reared within the
past four years a large number of English pheasants, from birds
imported from England, and having the necessary enclosures, and
men who understood the rearing of the young pheasants, he had no
doubt he should in due time be able to supply birds and eggs to
Bettlers who would incur the expense of providing proper places for
breeding.

Mr. Curzon Allport then addressed the meeting. There was one
course, he stated, not referred to in the report just read, and which
he thought should be known to the public, namely : that the Coun¬
cil had appointed sub-committees to deal with particular branches
of acclimatisation j for instance game birds, fish, & c ., the sub-corn-

14

mittee consisting of gentlemen interested in the particular pursuits
to which the sub-committee respectively related. That as to the
progress of the acclimatisation of fish, to which he had paid more
particular attention, the sub-committee had come to the conclusion,
that rather than at present incur the expense of preparing and keep¬
ing up breeding and rearing ponds, it would he better to subscribe
a certain sum per annum towards the cost of the ponds in Tasmania,
aud obtain from thence a supply of ova in return, which could be
hatched at the Royal Park, and the young fish distributed, when
ready for removal, as indicated in the Report. By this means the
produce of the parent fish might be drafted into the streams each year,
instead of risking the increase to comparatively few fish turned loose
into a large stream, exposed to all their enemies. Several gentlemen
had already, at their own expense, prepared breeding ponds for the
reception of fish, some for trout, and others for perch. The sub¬
committee had just completed a pond at the Royal Park, and he
had had the pleasure and satisfaction of placing a number of young
perch in it that day, which he had just received from Tasmania,
from his brother Mr. Morton Allport ; a similar number had also
been placed in a pond, prepared by the Hon. A. Michie.

Air. Coppin remarked, that when in Tasmania, within the last week,
a gentleman had killed twenty-five genuine trout there at one day’s
fishing, which was considered a good basket.

The Chairman called attention to some specimens on the table,
one was a trout (preserved in spirits), the first caught in Riddell’s
Creek, Mount Macedon, one of the numerous fry placed in the
creek upwards of eighteen months ago. There were also some ex¬
cellent samples of silk, sent by Mrs. Pike, of Toorak, and Mrs.
Heuley, and Mrs. Talbot, of Richmond. Sericulture he expected
to become at no distant date a very important industry.

A discussion of a conversational character ensued relative to the
scope and objects of the Society. The chairman stated that the
Society, acting on tho suggestion of the Government, had some time
ago sent over goats, rabbits, pigs, and poultry, to the Auckland
Isles, for the sustenance of such persons as were unfortunate
enough to be shipwrecked there. Wrecks had occurred on the
island since, and the live stock had proved of great benefit.

15

Mr. Winter, in answer to tlie chairman, said that in the Western
District he found indigenous birds injurious to his fruit trees, par¬
ticularly the black magpies. A simple plan of frightening birds
away, was a bottle bell hung to the trees, which was made by cut¬
ting off the bottom of a champagne bottle, by means of a cotton
wick saturated in turpentine, which must be ignited, and the bottle
dipped when hot into a bucket of cold water, a piece of hard cork
or soft wood suspended from the mouth of the bottle formed a
clapper, which was kept in motion by a feather inserted in it. He
(Mr. Winter), had found this plan answer very well.

Count de Castelnau spoke of a plan said to be adopted by the
Malays, that of hanging up a wooden effigy pierced with holes, the
wind passing through which, caused most unearthly noises.

Dr. Joseph Black called attention to the fact, that hares were
being frequently killed, and hoped that an expression of disapproval
from the Society would have the effect of preventing persons from
wantonly destroying those valuable animals, before they had become
thoroughly established.

The President said, that the Society had done what it could to
punish persons who were caught destroying hares, he was pleased to
stato that in many parts of the country hares were abundant If
they were allowed to increase unmolested for a couple of years more
tho law would be changed, and coursing might be allowed without
objection.

Mr. Christy said he had noticed the sparrows doing good service
in his garden, by killing the aphis on roses.

Dr. Pugh added, that sparrows sent to a gentleman at Sunbury,
had not only done no mischief to the fruit, but cleared the garden
of aphis, and been a great benefit in all respects.

Mr. Were remarked, on tho other hand, that according to tho
testimony of market gardeners, the destructive qualities of the
sparrow had far exceeded its beneficial qualities.

The President said that the letters furnished on the subject by
market gardeners and others to the Society, came from a small
number of persons, and were not all of a trustworthy character
The English people were naturally given to grumbling, and not only

16

the sparrows but everything else introduced by the Society, would
be found fault with by some.

On the motion of Air. Moulo, the appointment of the various
gentlemen who had been elected to the Council since the last Annual
Meeting, wae confirmed.

There being no other business before the meeting, it closed with
a vote of thanks to the Chairman.

Recount of Iconics rcrcibeb anb piir bn the ^cdimafisafioit Sortefn of Dieforia,

During the period 20th May to 31 st December, 1870.

17

'd

oi 2

O eo rH O iH

CO CO <0 O

«0 H CO N o

ri rH rH

.A in -T O O

^ in t- CO N N

*c

2

I

a

P

EH

M

fi

I

S3

s

O

1

t

a

IJl

till

2

.1

$ >

1

1

£ §

a o

*3

K «

«f -2

a

O

^•0000
»* O <N ro o

rH

O -f <N

C4? § ® CO

m

Eh

Pi

H

B

o

w

PS

3

o

I

I

s

a

a

•c

to

a

■a £

£ ?

1.8 -a

Pm

II

«

a

o

a

>

•d

. 1

• i

• Pm

• C 3
•§ 1

I

|

1

. ^

©

M

| O

J§ P>

1

w

0

f-J

«

Pm

H

£

00

H

i?

I

■?

><

2

a

0

ALBERT A. C. Le SOUEF, Secretary.

18

LIFE MEMBERS.

All Members marked thus * pay their Annual Subscription also.

Aldworth and Co., Sandhurst

£10 10

0

J miner, Hon. C. J., 51 L.C.

£10 10 a

Armitage, George, Ballarat

. 10 10

0

Jones, Lloyd, Avonel

10 10 Q

Armstrong, W., Hexham..

10 10

0

•Joshua Bros., William-street

10 10 0

Austin, Thomas, Barwon Park ..

. 10 10

0

Landells, G. J., Lahore, India .

Service*

Bagot, C. N., Melbourne Club .

. 10 10

0

Bayard, C. P., Colombo ..

Service*

Barkly, HU Excellency Sir Henry 42 0

0

Layard, E. L., Cape Town

Sendee*

-Boar, Hon. J. I*., M.L.C.

21 0

0

Learmonth, Thomas, Ereibdan-

Bear, Thomas H., Heidelberg .

10 10

0

riley, Portland.

10 10 0

Black, Dr. Thomas, Melbourne

Londesborough, The Right Hon

Club.

10 10

0

orable Lord, Carlton Gardens

Black, W„ Belfast.

10 10

0

London .. .

37 10 0

Borough Council of Sandhurst .

10 10

0

Lyall, W .

10 10 Q

Box, H., Little Collins-street

Mackiimon, L., "Argus” Office

Service*

West.

10 10

0

Mackenzie, John, 70J Queen-

Boyd aud Currie, Coll ins-street

street .. ..

£10 10 0

Went.

10 10

0

Macintosh, Alexander, Green

Bright Brothers, Messrs. & Co.,

Hills, Diggers Rest ..

10 10 0

Flinders-lane *.

10 10

0

Marshall, Captain D, S., "A.

Brown, Lindsay, Garramadda,

H. Badger ".

Service*

Wahgunyoh .. .. .. 10 10 0

Canterbury, Ilia Excellency

Viscount .. .. .. 10 10 0

Catto, John, Newbridge, Loddon 10 10 0

Chambers, H. J., St. Kilda
Cooper, Sir Daniel, London

Coppin, Geo. S.10 10 0

Crawick, Borough Council of ..10 10 0
Cumming, G., Mount Fyans ..10 10 0
Cumming, W., Mount Fyans .. 10 10 0
Curr, E. M., Queen-street .. 10 10 0
Dalgety and Co , Messrs., Little

Collins-street.10 10 0

Docker, F. G., Wangaratta .. 10 10 0
•♦Falconer., J. J., Dunk of Austral¬
asia .. .. .. .. 20 0 0

Fellows, The lion. T. H.10 10 0

Firebrace, It. T .10 10 0

Fussell, R S. It., Fou Chou

dols. 60. ..11010

Glass, Hugh, 18 A’Beckett-street 21 0 0
Glass, It. J., Waiparella .. .. 10 10 q

•Henty, The Hon. S. G.,M.L.C. .. 10 10 0
Hervey, The Hon. M., M.L.C.,

Melbourne Club .. ..10 10 0

•Hoffmann, W., Bush Back,

Essendon . 25 0 0

Jamieson, Hugh.10 10 0

Martin, Dr., Heidelberg .. ..10 10

I Matliosou, J., Bank of Victoria .. 21 0

| McGill, A.10 10

I McGregor, Samuel, Belfast .. 10 10

.. Services Moll&ffie, John, Phillip Island .. 10 10

.. 37 2 0 McMullen, J., Union Bank ..21 0

Molloy, W. T., Balmoral .. .. 10 10

Mueller, Dr. F. Von, Botanic

Gardena .10 10

) Municipaf Council of Ballarat

West.

Murray, 8., Dunrobin
^Nicholson, Germain, Collins-
street East .. .. .

•Officer, C. S., Mount Talbot
•Power, non. Thomas H., Haw¬
thorn .. ., .,

Purchaa, Albert, Kew
Ritchie, J., Streatham
•Rostron, John it., Navarre
j Rusdon, G. W., Brighton..

Russell, A. Matuwalloch ..

•Rutledge, William, Belfast
•Salmon, J. E., S. and A. C. Rank 21
Sargood, King and Sargood,

Flinders-etreet East .. .. 10 10

Shoobridge, E., Valleyficld, Tas¬
mania .10 10

20 0
10 10

10 10
10 10

10 10 0
Services
10 10 0
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
0

19

Simpson, Robert, Lange Kal

Kal . £10 10 0

Sladen, Hon. C., M.L.C., Birre-

gnrra.. .. 10 10 0

Sloan, W. S., Fou Chou, dols. 50 11 0 10
Spowci-s, Allan, “ Argus ” Office 10 10 0
Btanbridge, W. E., Daylesford .. 10 10 0
Stnughton, S. T., Little Collins-

street West.. 10 10 0

Stewart, J., Emerdale, Stroatham 21 0 0
Strachan, J., London Chartered

Bank .. : .. .. 21 0 0

Sumner, T. J., 24 Flinders-lane

West .10 10 0

Taylor, Frederick, [Melbourne

Club . £10 10 0

*Taylor, W., Overaowtou, Keilor 10 10 0
Templeton, Hugh, Fitzroy Services

*Ware, Joseph, Cornunut .. .. 10 10 0

Wilson and Mackinnou, Collins-

sireet East . 42 9 0

* Wilson, Edward, “Argus” Office 21 0 0
Wilson, Samuel, Wimmera .. 10 10 0

Winter, James, Toolamba, Mur¬
chison . 10 10 0

Winter, Thomas, Winchelaoa .. 10 10 0

Winter, S. P. .10 10 0

Youl, James, A., Clapham Park,

London. Services

ANNUAL MEMBERS.

Allport, Curzon, Chancery-lane .. £2
Biiines, Edward, Little Collins-street 2
Banks, Bros., Bell and Co., Flinders-

lane . * .2

Bligh and Harl>ottle, Flinders-lane 2
Black, Dr., Bourke-street .. .. 2

Brodribb, K. E., Chancery-lane . 2

Bindon, Judge, St. Kilda .. .. 2

Christy, F. C., Malvern .. ..2

Evans, O. E., “ Argus ” Office .. 2
Emerald Hill Borough Council .. 5
Fiskin, Archibald, Lai Lai . j 2
Fraser and Co., Collins-street .. 2

Fanning, Nankiveil and Co. .. 2
Goldsborough and Co., Bourko-

stroet West ..2

Gray, Charles, Nareeb Nareeb .. 2

Ilouse, Son and Co., Elizabeth -
street ,, .. .. • .. 2

Haddon, F. W., “Argus” Office .. 2
Governor, His Excellency the .. 10
Joshua Bros., William-street .. 2

2

0

McNaughton, Love and Co. .. £2

2

0

2

0

Moule, T. G., Market-street

2

2

0

Nicholson, Germain, Collins-street

2

2

0

2

0

Paterson, Ray, Palmer and Co. ..

2

2

0

2

0

Power, T. H., Power, Rutherford

2

0

and Co.

2

2

0

2

0

Pugh, Dr., Collins-street ..

2

2

0

2

0

Robertson, Wm., Temple Court ..

2

2

0

2

0

Ryan and Hammond, Bourke-street

2

2

0

2

0

Rosser, C. and E., Brunswick

5

0

0

0

0

Sloane, Wm. and Co., Collins-street

2

2

0

2

0

Sargood, Son and Co., Flinders-

2

0

street

2

2

0

2

0

Stevenson, L. and Sons, Flinders-

lane .

2

2

0

2

0

Sands and McDougall, Collins-

2

0

street

2

2

0

Small, It. W., Brighton

2

2

0

2

0

Sprigg, George, St. Kilda ..

2

2

0

2

0

Venables, H. P., Caulfield

5

0

0

0

0

Wilson, Ed wal’d, England ..

2

2

0

2

0

DONATIONS.

Alcock and Co., Russell-street .. £1 1 0
Anderson and Wright, Flinders-lane 110
Briscoe and Co., Collins-street East 110
Courtney, E., Temple Court .. 110
Dobson, Hon. Dr., Temple Court.. 11 0

Dunn, Dr. Robert, Maryborough.. 110

Grice, Richard, Grice, Sumner

and Co. £110

Howitt, Dr., Caulfield .. ..110

McDougall, James, Carlton .. 110

Nutt, R. W., Collins street ..110

Pike, Mrs. J., Toorak .. .. 0 10 0

c 2

20

HONORARY MEMBERS.

Allport, Morton, Hobart Town.

Beckx, Gustave, Flinders Lane West.

Bingi, Giuseppe, William Street.
Blanchard, W., Collins Street West.
Bouton, A., Yahoue, New Caledonia.
Buckland, Dr. F., London.

Castelnau, Comte de, Apsley Place.
Chalmors, Dr,, New Zealand.

Clet land, J., Albion Hotel, Bourke-street.
Cooper, Ricardo, Queen Street.

Ccwte, Professor, Huningue.

Damyon, James, Market Street.

Drouyn, de Lliuys, Paris.

Francis, Francis, London.

Gillanders & Arbuthnot, Calcutta.
Go<lfrey, Cai*tain J. B., New Zealand.
Graham, James Little Collins Street East.
Grote, Arthur, Calcutta.

Johnston, Clement, Crown Lands Office.
Latham, General.

Madden, Walter, Office of Mines.

Mathieu, A., Yaliouo, New Caledonia.
Merryman, Captain, Essex.

Michaelis, Moritz, Elizabeth Street.
Michael, Mjyor, Madras.

McQueen, Captain, “ Martha Bimie.”
Mullick, Rajendro, Calcutta.

Officer, 8ir Robert, Hobart Town.

Ploos Van Amstel, J. W., Collins St. West.
Rainel, Monsieur, Paris.

Rentsch, Samuel, Flinders Street East.
Iiidgers, Captain, “ Sussex.”

Robinson, J., Calcutta.

Salt, Titus, Saltairo, England.

Scholstein, Adolp., Flinders Lane West.
Sola ter, Dr. P. L., London.

Shinner, Captain, “ Lincolnshire.”

Smith, Captain, “ Dover Castle*”

Squire, Surgeon John, Dinapore.

St. Hilaire, G., Bois do Boulogne, Paris.
Were, J. B., Collins Street West

THE RULES AND OBJECTS

OF TIIE

^alima&aimtx Snuctn ai IJktora.

1. The objects of the Society shall be the introduction, objects of
acclimatisation, and domestication of all innoxious animals, Sociotr '
birds, fishes, insects, and vegetables, whether useful or orna¬
mental ;—the perfection, propagation, and hybridisation of
races newly introduced or already domesticated ;—the spread
of indigenous animals, &c., from parts of the colonies where
they are already known, to other localities where they are not
known; the procuring, whether by purchase, gift, or ex¬
change, of animals, &c., from Great Britain, the British colo¬
nies, and foreign countries;—the transmission of animals, <kc.,
from the colony to England and foreign parts, in exchange
for others sent thence to the Society ; the holding of period¬
ical meetings, and the publication of reports and transactions,
for the purpose of spreading knowledge of acclimatisation,
and inquiry into the causes of success or failure;—the inter¬
change of reports, &c., with kindred associations in other parts
of the world, with the view, by correspondence and mutual
good offices, of giving the widest possible scope to the project
of acclimatisation:—the conferring rewards, honorary or in¬
trinsically valuable, upon seafaring men, passengers from
distant countries, and others who may render valuable services
to the cause of acclimatisation.

2. A Subscriber of two guineas or upwards annually shall Membership
be a Member of the Society; and contributors, within one
year, of ten guineas or upwards shall be Life Members of the
Society; and any person who may render special services to
the Society, by contribution of stock or otherwise, shall be

22

Subscrip¬

tions.

Property
rest in
Trustees.

Executive

Officers.

Council.

Vacancy in
Council,
how sup¬
plied.

eligible for life membership, and may be elected as such by
the Council, or by any annual general meeting.

3. The annual subscription shall be payable on the 1st
day of January in each year, and may be received by any
Member of the Council, or the Collector, either of whom on
receiving the same shall cause the person so subscribing to be
enrolled a member accordingly.

4. All the property of the Society, of what nature and
kind soever, shall vest in Trustees to be appointed by the
Council, for the use, purposes, and benefit of the Society.

5. The Society shall be governed by a Council of eighteen
Members, to include a President, two Vice-Presidents, and an
Honorary Treasurer, three of whom (viz., those who have
attended the fewest Meetings of the Council proportionately
since their appointment) shall retire annually, but shall be
eligible for re-election. Provided that if any sum of money
be voted to the Society by Act of Parliament, or trusts con¬
ferred upon the Council by the Government, then it shall be
lawful for the Chief Secretary for the time being to appoint,
if he consider it expedient, any number of gentlemen, not
exceeding three, to act as Members of the Council, and they
shall have all the privileges as if otherwise duly elected ; and
further, to appoint one Co-Trustee, to act in conjunction with
the Trustees for the time being of the Society. And provided
further, that if the Melbourne Corporation, or any of the ad¬
jacent municipalities, shall decide upon expending any sum
of money exceeding £100 in any one year, upon the grounds
or for the objects of the Society, the Mayor of Melbourne or
Chairman of such municipality shall be for such year a
Member of the Council, and be at liberty to act in every
respect as an ordinary member.

6. In case of a vacancy occurring by the death, resignation,
or non-attcndancc of any Member of Council for the period of
two months, the remaining Members may appoint another
Member of the Society to bo a Member of the Council in the
place and stead of the deceased, or resigned, or absenting
Member, and such new Member may act until the next annual
general meeting. Provided that such vacancy shall not be
supplied by the Council except after seven days’ notice given

23

of the new Member to be proposed, and unless in the presence
of at least seven Members of the Council.

7. The Society shall hold periodical meetings, at which Quarterly

. , . , , . „ Meetings

papers and other communications relating to the objects of of the so-
the Society, and reports prepared by the Council, shall be Clety '
received, and such discussions shall be encouraged as may be
of value in propagating a knowledge of acclimatisation amongst
the Members and the public. And such business generally
shall be disposed of as may be brought under consideration by
the Council, or by any Member who shall have given seven
days’ previous notice thereof to the Secretary, or as a majority
of two-thirds of the Members present shall see fit to entertain
and consider ; and each Member shall have the privilege of
introducing two friends at such meetings.

8. The Council shall meet at least once a month, and Meetings of
three Members shall form a quorum, and be capable of
transacting the business of the Council, subject to such
limitations as may be imposed by any bye-law of the
Council, or rule, or resolution of the Society, which may be
hereafter made.

9. The Council shall have the sole management of the powers and
affairs of the Society, and of the income and property thereof, coundif
for the uses, purposes, and benefit of the Society ; and shall

have the sole and exclusive right of appointing a President,
Vice-Presidents, and Honorary Treasurer from amongst them¬
selves or the other Members of Society, and also of appoint¬
ing paid servants, as a manager or secretary, collector, and
such other officers, clerks, and labourers, and at such salaries
as they may deem necessary, and of removing them if they
shall think fit, and shall prescribe their respective duties.

And such Council shall have power to consider and determine
all matters, either directly or indirectly affecting the interests
of the Society, and if they shall think fit so to do, shall bring
the same under the notice of the Members of the Society, at
any general or special meeting; and to make such bye-laws as
they may deem necessary for the efficient management of the
affairs and the promotion of the objects of the Society, and
for the conduct of the business of the Council, provided the

24

same are not repugnant to these rules; to appoint one or more
sub-committees, for any purpose contemplated by these rules ;
and generally to perform such acts as may be requisite to
carry out the objects of the Society, which bye-laws are to be
subject to ratification, or emendation, or ejection, by the next
annual or special general meeting of the Society. And it
shall be the duty of the Council to exercise the foregoing
powers as occasion shall require, and to furnish reports of the
proceedings at every periodical and annual meeting of the
Society.

Branch So- 10. The Society shall have power to affiliate or associate

cioticB (Src

’ itself with other Societies of kindred objects, and to found
Branch Societies if desirable; and the Council shall have
power to carry out any arrangements for this purpose, and to
furnish any monthly or other reports.

Minutes of 11. Minutes shall be made, in books kept for the purpose,
ing£ te of all the proceedings at the general anti special meetings of
the Members, and minutes shall also be made of the proceed¬
ings of the Council at their general and special meetings, and
of the names of the Members attending the same, and such
minutes shall be open to inspection by any Member of the
Society at all reasonable times.

Money" to 12. All subscriptions and other moneys payable to the
treasurer, Society shall be paid to the Treasurer, who shall forthwith
place the same in a bank, to be named by the Council, to the
credit of the Society ; and no sum shall be paid on account of
the Society until the same shall have been ordered by the
Council, and such order be duly entered in the book of the
proceedings of the Council ; and all cheques shall be signed
by the Treasurer as such, and be countersigned by the Presi¬
dent, or one of the Vice-Presidents, or by some other Member
of the Council delegated by the Council to act as such.

Annual 13. An annual meeting shall be held in or about
Meeting j? e b ruar y 0 f gjjgjj y earj an( j the Council shall report their
proceedings during the past year, and shall produce their
accounts, duly audited, for publication if deemed desirable ;
and the meeting shall elect new Members of Council to supply
the vacancies therein. And notices of motion must be fur¬
nished to the Secretary one day previous to the holding of

25

such meeting, or such motions may be rejected by the
Chairman.

14. All privileges of membership shall cease in case any Non-pay-
Member shall be three months in arrear, subject, however, to Snbscri^-
liis restoration on the payment of such subscription as afore- tio " 8 '
said, accompanied by satisfactory explanation.

15. Upon rcceiviug a requisition in writing, signed by SpeciaiMeet-
twelve or more Members of the Society, or upon a resolution Members,
of the Council, the president, or in his absence one of the
Vice-Presidents, shall convene a special meeting of the Mem¬
bers, to be held within fifteen days of the receipt by him of

such requisition or resolution. Provided always that such
requisition and resolution, and the notices thereunder conven¬
ing the meeting, shall specify the subject to be considered at
such meeting, and that subject only shall be discussed at such
meeting.

1G. The council or any general meeting of the Society Honorary
may admit, as Honorary Members, such ladies or gentlemen Mcmbers -
as may have distinguished themselves in connection with the
objects of the Society, or in objects of a kindred nature.

17. It shall be lawful for any annual or special meeting p wer to ai-
of the Society to alter, vary, or amend the rides ; or to sub- Rules '

stitute another for any of the same ; or to make any new rule
which may be considered desirable; if and after a notice
specifying the nature of such alteration, variation, amendment,
substitution, or new rule, shall have been given to the Secre¬
tary fifteen days before the holding of such meeting. And
such alteration, variation, amendment, substitution, or new
rule shall be valid if carried by a majority of not less than
two-thirds of the Members present at such meeting.

26

LIST OF ANIMALS AND BIRDS

In the Royal Park

11 Brahmin cattle
G Hog- deer

7 Bairanga doer
7 Formosa deer
7 Sam bur deer, or Cey¬
lon elk

1 Fallow deer

2 Nylghau

4 Mauri Lias deer
2 Japanese door

12 Angora goats
1 Agouti

1 Madagascar sheep

1 Cape sheep
7 Monkeys

5 Wallaby

2 Kangaroo rats
1 Wombat

18 Canaries
18 Blackbirds
14 Thrushes

0 Hares

5 Cape pheasants
8 English pheasants

4 Indian pheasants
8 Ceylon partridges

5 Indian partridges

n'd Acclimatisation Society’s

1 Ceylon porcupine

1 Leopard

2 Native dogs

1 Tasmanian devil

1 English Fox

3 Opossums

3 Emeus

18 English pheasants
22 Silver pheasants
0 Pea fowl

4 Jungle fowl

11 Egyptian geese*

C Geese
About 70 ducks
3 Crown goura pigeons

2 Ravens

1 Mooruko

2 Tallegalla

ANIMALS LIBERATED.

At the Botanical Gardens.

6 California quail
80 English wild ducks
35 Java sparrows

At Phillip Island.

4 Chinese partridges
70 Chinese quail
23 Tasmanian quail
6 Starlings

10 Algerine sand grouso
0 Wild ducks

dens, Melbourne.

2 Curassows

3 Kagus

2 Maori hens

1 Kiwi

2 Bleeding heart doves

2 Macaws

3 Blackbirds

2 Jackdaw's

1 English magpie

3 Owls

A number of native
cockatoos and parrots of
different varieties; about
the grounds large num¬
bers of doves, and some
Californian quail.

4 English robins
8 Turtle doves
50 Mainas

5 Pheasants
0 Skylarks
G California quail
4 Thrushes
4 Blackbirds
1 Pair white swans

Pheasants

At Sandstone and Churchill Islands.

| 4 Skylarks | 4 Thrushes

6 Thrushes

At Yarra Bend.

i

4 Skylarks

9 Thrushes

1

Near Sydney.

4 Skylarks

| 10 Blackbirds

6 Ceylon elk

At Scgarloap Hill.

1

S Axis doer

4 Hares
20 Mainas
G Starlings
GO English sparrows
40 Chaffinches

At Wilson’s Promontory.
4 Axis deer
At tiie Royal Park.

2 Thrashes
20 Greenfinches
15 Yellow-hammers
200 Java sparrows

At Pentridgb. •

40 English sparrow's

At St. Hilda.

20 Chinese sparrows

C Blackbirds
20 Siskin finches
G Powi birds
3 Partridges
6 Pheasants

27

At Ballarat.

5 English sparrows | 20 Java sparrows

At Buneep.

12 g deer

12 ats
3 Geese

10 Pheasants.

75 Kangaroos
5 Mountain ducks
200 Murray codfish
22 Black swans
20 Australian quail
14 Eagle hawks
85 Magpies

4 Itosella parrots
8 King parrots

0 Cockatoos

5 Dingos

3 Talcgallas
1 Tasmanian devil

20 Emeus
30 Kangaroos
12 Black swans

3 Cape Barren geese
1 South Australian

wombat

4 Native geese

2 Kangaroos

3 Black swans

13 Fallow deer
At Cape Liptrap.

4 Ceylon peafowls
10 Pigeons

At Auckland Islands.

12 Rabbits
3 Pigs

At Wkstkrnport.

7 Sanibur deer

At Wimmera.

35 Axis deer
At Yering.

6 Axis deer
At Plenty Ranges.

| 4 Jungle fowls. |

ANIMALS SENT AWAY.
To London.

20 Watcrhcns
4 Kangaroo rats
10 Wombats
2 Cranes

7 Wood ducks

2 Kangaroo dogs
4 Echidna

20 Laughing jackasses
40 Shell parrots
0 Mallee pheasants
30 Lowry parrots
12 Opossums

2 Emeus

To Paris.

3 Curlews

1 Native crane

8 Murray turtles

2 Wombats

17 Australian quail

4 Laughing jackasses

2 Bronze-wing pigeons

To St. Petersburg.

2 Laughing jackasses
2 Wallabies

4 Guinea fowl

0 Fowls
3 Ducks

7 Guinea fowls.

I 40 Black ducks
40 Teal

22 Wonga pigeons
31 Bronze-wing pigeons
8 Swamp magpies

2 Iguanas

7 Land rails

4 Sugar squirrels

3 Coots

5 Native companions
Some Yarra fish

8 Goatsuckers
2 Native companions
14 Rockhampton finches
1 Iguana
4 Opossums
20 Black ducks
20 Teal

3 Emeus

To Amsterdam.

3 Water hons | 6 Australian quail

To Rotterdam.

2 Cape Barren geeso | 2 Water hens

To Hamburoii.

2 Wonga pigeons

1 2 Bronze-wing pigeons

2 Kangaroo rats

2 Black swans

1 1

To Cologne.

2 Black swans

2 Black geese

j 2 Curlews

2 Water hens

28

24 Black swans
12 Emeus
2 Eagles

6 White cockatoos

7 King parrots

2 Black swans

1 Kangaroo

2 Cape Barren geese

To Copenhagen.
2 Black swans

To Calcutta.
15 Rosalia parrots
10 Kangaroos
4 Opossums
1 Dingo

1 Wombat

To Mauritius.

2 Eagle hawks
9 Fowls

7 Magpies

To Bourbon.

8 Black swans

G Bronze-wing pigeons
0 Laughing jackasses
20 Shell parrots
62 Magpies

2 Laughing jackasses
4 Wallabies

To Sicily.

6 Black swans | 14 Native ducks

2 Black swans

2 Black swans

6 Angora goats
2 Brush kangaroos
2 Silver pheasants
2 Canadian geese
2 Egyptian geese

10 Angora goats
2 Blackbirds

To Rangoon.

6 Black Swans

To Java.

| 2 Cape Barren geese

To Burtenzong.

| 2 Capo Barren geese

To Sydney.

G English wild ducks
1 Mallee hen
10 Blackbirds
10 Thrushes

To Adelaide.

2 Thrushes

3 English pheasants

To Hobart Town.

1 Kangaroo

1 Kangaroo

4 Larks
4 Starlings
2 Ortolans

A number of sparrows

2 Silver pheasants

1 Angora goat
9 Native bears
Wild ducks, Iudian & English

2 Egyptian geese
Hares

A number of sparrows.

3 Thrushes

6 Magpies

1

To New Zealand.

4 Opossums

2 Brace of hares

To Foo Cuow.

Indian and English
wild ducks

48 Wild rabbits

i

2 Kangaroo

To New Caledonia.

| 2 Parrots

238 Sparrows | 12 Laughing jackasses

At Mr. Wilson’s—Longeresono Wimmera.

16 Ostriches

i

65 Angora goats

Liberated in the Bush this Year.

8 Hog deer I 30 Pheasants I A numbor of doves

10 Pea fowl Several brace of hares 26 Skylarks

20 Guinea fowl

A large number of hares wero likewise distributed last year in various parts of the country
and upwards of 100 Angora goats were disposed of in addition to those enumerated above.

THE PRINCIPAL TIMBER TREES

READILY ELIGIBLE FOR

VICTORIAN INDUSTRIAL CULTURE,

with indications of their native countries and some of their
technologic uses.

AN ENUMERATION OFFERED BY

FERD. VON MUELLER,

C.M.G., M.D., PU.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.R.G.8., C.M.Z.S.,
Commander of the Order of St. Jago, Vice-President of the
Acclimatisation Society of Victoria.

This enumeration originated in a desire of the writer to place
before his fellow colonists a succinct list of those trees which, in our
geographic latitudes, can be grown to advantage. Calls for such
information arose gradually in the department of the Botanic
Garden of Melbourne, not merely because it impressed itself more
and more on the mind of every thoughtful settler, that the wanton
waste of the native forests should be checked, but that also largely
should be added to our timber riches by means of copious and
multifarious introductions from abroad, and that for these introductions
the widest possible scope should be allowed. Nevertheless this list
is far from claiming completeness, cither as a specific index, or as a
series of notes on the principal technologic applicability of the trees
most accessible. Indeed it may be regarded simply as a precursor
of larger essays, such as the intended forest administration will
gradually call forth. Meanwhile, however, this brief explanatory
catalogue may facilitate locally that information, which hitherto was
afforded by the authors correspondence chiefly.

It seemed beyond the scope of this writing to tabulate the trees
here enumerated, in reference to climatic regions. The inhabitant
of colder and moistcr mountains in this colony, or the settler in the
hotter and more arid tracts of country, can readily foresee from the
brief geographic notes given with each tree, which kind should be
chosen for the spot, selected by him for wood-culture; but if doubts
in this respect should arise, the needful advice will readily be offered
by the writer.

Though this list was originally prepared and alluded to as an
appendage to a lecture* recently delivered at the Melbourne Industrial
Museum, I was honored by my colleagues of the Council of the
Acclimatisation Society in their giving publicity to this document
along with their last annual report, the Society being quite as anxious

* The Application of Pbytology to the Industrial Purposes of Life.

30

to foster the introduction and multiplication of industrial plants,
as the continued acquisition and diffusion of foreign animals of
utilitarian importance.

Unquestionably also, the periodical issue of essays on animals
and plants to be introduced or to be diffused, will give additional
strength to the Society’s labours.

Should, therefore, this small literary offer prove acceptable to the
supporters of the Victorian Acclimatisation Society, then the writer
would feel sufficiently encouraged to offer in a similar form,* a list of
other plants, recommendable here for more general cultivation; and,
although such indices only to some ■ stent contain original research,
they are likely to bring together information, more condensed and
more recent, than it would be attainable in costly or voluminous
works of even several languages, and yet such treating perhaps only
of countries with far narrower climatic zones than ours.

Possibly this publication may aid us also to render known our
colonial requirements thus far abroad, while it will offer likewise
some information to speed interchanges.

For our Industrial Museum and such similar institutions, as doubt¬
less erelong ou a limited scale will be connected with each Mechanics’
Institute, this unpretetisive treatise may help to explain the real
wealth, which we possess in our unfortunately almost unguarded
forests, or point out the manifold new treasures, which we should
raise independently in our woodlands, while also these pages might
stimulate both public and private efforts, to provide by timely thought¬
fulness those increased timber resources, without which the next
generations of this laud can be neither hale nor prosperous.

• I.—CONIFEROUS TREES.

Araucaria Bidwilli,* Hook.

Bunya Bunya. Southern Queensland. A tree 150 feet in height, with
a fine grained, hard and durable wood; the seeds are edible.
Araucaria Brasiliensis, A. Rich.

Brazilian Pine. A tree, 100 feet high, producing edible seeds.
Ought to be tried in our fern gullies.

Araucaria Cookii, R. Br.

In New Caledonia, where it forms large forests. Height of tree, 200
feet.

Araucaria Cunninghami,* Ait.

Moreton Bay Pine.—East Australia, between 14° and 32° S. latitude.
The tTee gets 130 feet high. The timber is used for ordiuary furniture.

Araucaria cxcelsa,® R. Br.

Norfolk Island Pine.— A magnificent tree, sometimes 220 feet high,
with a stem attaining ten feet in diameter. The timber is useful for
6hip-bnilding and many other purposes.

* A short essay on such plants and trees as well was promulgated by the
Philos. Society of Victoria IS58, pp. 93—105.

31

Araucaria imbricata, Pav.

Chili and Patagonia. The male tree attains only a height of 60 feet,
but the female reaches 160 feet. It furnishes a hard and durable
timber, as well as an abundance of edible seeds, which constitute a
main article of food of the natives. Eighteen good trees will yield
enough for a man’s sustenance all tho y> ar round. In our lowlands
of comparative slow growth, but likely of far more rapid development,
if planted in our ranges.

Callitris quadrivalvis, Vent.

North Africa. A middling-sized tree, yielding the true Sandarac
resin.

Cephalotaxus Fortunei, Hook.

China and Japan. This splendid yew attains a height of 60 feet, and
is very hardy.

Cryptomeria Japonica, Don.

Japan and Northern China. A slender evergreen tree, 100 feet high.
It requires forest valleys for successful growth. The wood is compact,
very white, soft and easy to work.

Cupressus Bcntliami, Endl.

Mexico, at 6 to 7,000'. A beautiful tree, 60 feet high. The wood is
fine grained and exceedingly durable.

Cupressus Lawsoniana,* Murr. (Chamcccyparis Lawsoniana, Pari.)
Northern California. This is a splendid red-flowered cypress, growing
100 fo t high, with a stem of 2 feet in diameter, and furnishes a
valuable timber f >r building purposes, being clear and easily worked.

Cupressus Lindleyi, Klotzsch.

On the mountains of Mexico. A stately cypress up to 120 feet high.
It supplies an excellent timber.

Cupressus macrocarpa, Hartw*. (C. Lambertiana, Gord.)

Upper California. This beautiful and shady tree attains the height of
160 feet, with a stem of 9 feet in circumference, and is one ot the
quickest growing of all conifers, even in poor dry soil.

Cupressus Nutkaensis, Lamb. (Chamcccyparis Nutkaensis, Spach.)
North-West America. Height of tree 100 feet. Wood used for boat¬
building and other purposes ; tho bast for mats and ropes.

Cupressus obtusa, F. von Muell. (Uetinospora oblusa, S. A Z.)

Japan. Attains a height of 80 feet; stem 5 feet in circumference. It
forms a great part of the forests at Nipon. The wood is wldte-veined
and compact, assuming, when planed, a silky lustre. It is used in
Japan for temples. There are varieties of this species with foliage of
a golden and of a silvery-white hue.

Two other Japanese cypresses deserve introduction, namoly: Cupr.
breviramcn. (Chamwcyparis breviramea, Maxim.), and Cupr. pendens,
(Chamwcyparis pcndula ,- Maxim.)

Cupressus pisifera, F. von Muell. (Chamacyparis pisifera, 8. & Z.)
Japan. It attains a height of 30 feet, producing also a variety with
golden foliage.

Cupressus semporvirens, L.

Common Cypress of South Europe. Height of tree up to 80 feet. It
is famous for the great ago it reaches, and for tho durability of its
timber, which is next to imperishable. At present it is much sought
for the manufacture of musical instruments.

32

Cupressus thurifera,* Humb. B. & K.

Mexico; 3,000 to 4,500 feet above sea-level. A handsome pyramidal
tree, upwards of 40 feet high.

Cupressus thuyoides, LinnA ( Chamce-cyparis spliaroidea, Spach.)

White Cedar of North America : in moist or morassy ground. Height
of tree, 80 feet; diameter of stem, 3 feet. The wood is light, soft, and
fragrant; it turns red when exposed to the air.

Cupressus torulosa,* Don.

Nepal Cypress. Northern India; 4,600 to 8,000 feet above sea level.
Height of tree, 150 feet; circumference of stem, as much as 16
feet. The reddish fragrant wood is as durable as that of the
Deodar Cedar, highly valued for furniture. The tree seems to prefer
the limestone soil!

Dacrydium cupressinum, Soland.

New Zealand. Native name, Rimu; the Red Pine of the colonists.
This stately tree acquires the height of 200 feet, and furnishes a hard
and valunble wood. With other New Zealand conifers particularly
eligible for our forest valleys. A most suitable tree for cemeteries, on
account of its pendulous branches.

Dacrydium Franklini, Hook, fil.

Huon Piuo of Tasmania; only found in moist forest recesses, and
might be planted in our dome fern-tree gullies. Height of tree, 100
feet; stem-circumference, 20 feet. The wood is highly esteemed for
ship-building and various artisan’s work.

Dammara alba, Rumph. (D. orientalis. Lamb.)

Agatli Dammar. Iudian Archipelagus and mainland. A large tree,
100 feet high, with a stem of 8 feet in diameter; straight and
branchless for two-thirds its length. It is of great importance on
account of its yields of the transparent Dammar resin, extensively
used for varnish.

Dammara Australis, Lamb*

Kauri Pine. North island of New Zealand. This magnificent tree
measures, under favourable circumstances, 180 feet in height and 17
feet in diameter of stem. The estimated age of such a tree being
700 or 800 years. It furnishes an excellent timber for furniture, masts
of ships, or almost any other purpose; it yields besides the Kauri
resin of commerce, which is largely got from under the stem of the
tree. The greatest part is gathered by the Muories in localities
formerly covered with Kauri forests; pieces, weighing 100lbs., have
been found in such places.

Dammara macrophylla, Lindl.

Santa Cruz Archipelagus. A beautiful tree, 100 feet high, resembling
D. alba.

Dammara Moorei, Lindl.

New Caledonia. Height of tree about 50 feet.

Dammara obtusa, Lindl.

New Hebrides. A line tree 200 feet high; with a long, clear trunk,
resembling D. Australis.

Dammara ovata, Moore.

New Caledonia. This tree is rich in Dammar resin.

Dammara robusta, Moore.

Queensland Kauri, A tall tree, known from Rockingham’s Bay and
Wide Bay. It thrives well oven in open, exposed, dry localities at
Melbourne.

33

Dammara Vitiensis, Seem.

In Fiji. Tree, 100 feet high ; probably identical with Lindley’s D.
longifolia.

Fitzroya Fatagonica, Hooker.

Sonthern parts of Patagonia and Chili. A stately tree 100 feet high,
up to 14 feet in diameter of stem. The wood is red, almost
imperishable in the open air or under ground, it does uot warp, and is
easy to split. It comes into commerce in hoards 7 feet long, 8 inches
wide, j inch thick, and is used for roofing, deals, doors, casks, &c. The
outer bark produces a strong fibre used for caulking ships. Like many
other trees of colder regions, it would require here to be planted in our
mountain forests,

Frenela Actinostrobus, Muell. (Actinoslrohua pyramidulia Miq.)

From S.W. Australia, though only a shrub, is placed here on record as
desirable for introduction, because it grows on saline desert flats, where
any other conifers will no^ readily succeed. It may become important
for coast cultivation.

Frenela Macleayana, Pari.

New South Wales. A handsome tree of regular pyramidal growth,
attaining a height of 70 feet, the timber is valuable.

Frenela verrucosa, A. Cunn.

Also several other species from Victoria, and other parts of Australia
are among the trees, which may be utilized for binding the coast and
desert sand. They all exude Sundarac.

Ginkgo biloba, L. ( Salisburia adiantifolia, Smith.)

Ginkgo tree. China and Japan. A deciduous fari-leaved tree, 100 feet
high, with a straight stem 12 feet in diameter. The wood is white, soft,
easy to work, and takes a beautiful polish. The seeds are edible, and
when pressed yield a good oil. Ginkgo trees are estimated to attain an
age of 3000 years.

Juniperus Bermudiana, L.*

Tha Pencil Cedar of Bermuda and Barbados. This species grows some¬
times 90 feet high, and furnishes a valuable red dnrablo wood, used for
boat building, furniture, and particularly for pencils, on account of its
pleasant odor and special fitness. Many of the plants called Thuya or
Biotia Meldensis in gardens, belong to this species.

Juniperus brevifolia, Antoine.

In the Azores up to 4,800; a nice tree with sometimes silvery foliage.
Juniperus Cedrus, Webb.

A tall tree of the higher mountains of the Canary Islands.

Juniperus Ckinensis, L.*

In temperate regions of the Himalaya, also in China and Japan. This
tree is known to rise to 75 feet. Probably identical with the Himala¬
yan Pencil Cedar (Juniperus religiosa, Koyle) ; it is remarkable for its
reddish close-grained wood.

Juniperus communis, L.

One of the three native conifene of Britain, attaining under favorable
circumstances a height of nearly 60 feet, of medicinal uses ; the berries
also used in the preparation of gin.

Juniperus drupacea, Labill. Plum Juniper.

A very handsome long-leaved Juniper, the Habhel of Syria. It attains
a height of 30 feet, and produces a sweet edible fruit, highly esteemed
throughout the Orient.

D

34

Juniper us excelsa, Bieberst.

In Asia Minor, 2 to 6000 feet above the sea level. A stately tree 60
feet high. 1

Juniperus flaecida, Schiecht.

In Mexico, 6 to 7000 feet high. A tree of 30 feet in height, rich in a
resin, similar to Sandnrach.

Juniperus foetidissima, Willd.

A tall beautiful tree in Armenia and Tauria, 6000 to 6,600 feet.
Juniperus Mexicana, Schiede.

Mexico at an elevation of 7000 to 11,000 feet. A straight tree, 90 feet
high, stem 3 feet diameter, exuding copiously a resin similar to San-
daracb.

Juniperus oceidentalis, Hook.

North California and Oregon, at 6000 feet. A straight tree, 80 feet high
with a stem of 3 feet diameter. ° ’

Juniperus Phcenicea, L.

South Europe and Orient. A small tree, 20 feet high, yielding an
aromatic resin.

Juniperus procera, Hochst.

In Abyssinia. A stately tree, furnishing a hard useful timber.
Juniperus reourva, Hamilton.

On the Himalayas, 10 to 12,000 feet high. A tree attaining 30 feet in
height.

Juniperus sphserica, Lindl.

North China. A handsome tree, 40 feet high.

Juniperus Virginiana, L.

North American Pencil Cedar or Red Cedar. A handsome tree, 60 feet
high, supplying a fragrant timber, much esteemed for its strength and
durability; the inner part is of a beautiful red color, the outer is white •
it is much used for pencils.

Liboeedrus Chilensis, Endl.

In cold valleys on the southern Andos of Chili, 2000 to 6000 feet. A
fine tree, 80 feet high, furnishing a hard resinous wood of a yellowish
color.

Liboeedrus decurrens, Torr.

White Cedar of California, growing on high mountains. Attains a
height of fully 200 feet, with a stem 20 feet in circumference.
Liboeedrus Doniana, Endl.

North island of New Zealand, up to 6000 feet elevation. A forest tree
100 feet high, stem 3 feet and more in diameter. The wood is hard and
resinous, of a dark reddish color, fine grained, excellent for planks and
spars.

Liboeedrus tetragona, Endl.

On the Andes of North Chili, 2000 to 6000 feet. This species has a very
straight stem, and grows 120 feet high. The wood is quite white and
highly esteemed for various artisans' work, iudeed very precious.
Nageia (Podooarpns) amara, Blume.

Java, on high volcanic mountains. A large tree, sometimes 200 feet
high.

Nageia (Podocarpus) cupressina, R. Br.

Java and Phillipino Islands. Height of tree 180 feet, furnishing a
highly valuable timber. °

35

Nageia (Podocarpus) dacrydioides, A. Rich.

In swampy ground of New Zealand; the “ Kahikatea" of the Maovies,
called White Pine by the colonists. Height of tree ioO feet; diameter
of stem 4 feet. The white sweet fruit is eaten by the natives ; the wood
is pale, close-grained, heavy, and among other purposes, used for
building canoes.

Nageia (Podocarpus) ferruginea, Don.

Northern parts of New Zealand. The Black Pine of the colonists;
native name “ Miro.” Height of tree 80 feet; it produces a dark red
resin of a bitter taste ; the wood is of a reddish color, very hard.

Nageia (Podocarpus) Lamberti, Klotesch.

Brazils. A stately tree yielding valuable timber.

Nageia (Podocarpus) Furdieana, Hook.

Jamaica, at 2600 to 3100 feet. This quick-growing tree attains a
height of 100 feet.

Nageia (Podocarpus) spicata, Br.

Black Itue of New Zealand. Tree 80 feet high; wood pale, soft, close,
and durable.

Nageia (Podocarpus) Thunbergii, Hook.

Cape of Good Hope. A large tree known to the colonists as “ Geelhout” ;
it furnishes a splendid wood for building.

Nageia (Podocarpus) Totara, Don.*

New Zealand. A fine tree, 120 feet high, with a stem of 20 feet in cir¬
cumference ; it is called mahogany pine by tho colonists. The ‘reddish
close-grained and durable wood is valuable both for building and for
furniture, and is also extensively used for telegraph posts; it is con¬
sidered the most valuable timber of New Zealand. Many other tall
timber trees of the genus Podocarpus or Nageia occur in various parts
of Asia,'Africa and America, doubtless all desirable, but the quality of
their timber is not well known, though likely iu many eases excellent.
Nageia is by far the oldest published name of the genus.

Phyllocladus rhomboidalis, Rich.

Celery Pine of Tasmania. A stately tree up to 60 feet high, with a stem
of 2 to 6 feet in diameter. The timber is valuable for ships’ masts. It
will only grow to advantage in deep forest valleys.

Phyllocladus trieliomanoides, Don.

Celery Pine of New Zealand, northern island; it is also called Pitch
Pine by the colonists. This tree attains a height of 70 feet, with a
straight stem of 3 feet in diameter, and furnishes a pale close-grained
timber, used particularly' for spars and planks; tho Maories employ the
bark for dying red and black.

Pinus Abies, Du Roi.* (I’inu.i rica Linni.)

Silver Fir, Tanne. In Middle Europe up to 60° N. Lat., forming dense
forests. A fine tree, already the charm of the ancients, attaining 200
feet in height, and 20 foot in circumference of stem, reaching the ago
of 300 years. It furnishes a most valuable timber for building, as well
as furniture, and in respect to lightness, toughness, and elasticity it is
even more esteemed than tho Norway Spruce, hut is not so good for
fuel or for charcoal. It also yields a fine white resin, and the Strass-
burg turpentine, similar to the Venetian.

Pinus Abies var. Cephalonica, Parlatore. (Pimm Cephalonica, Endl.)
Greece. 3 to 4000 feet above the sea. A tree 60 feet high, with a stem
circumference of 10 feet. The wood is very hard and durable, and
much esteemed for building.

36

Pinus Abies var. Nordmanniana, Parlatore. (P. Nordmanniana,
Steven.)

Crimea and Circassia, 6000 feet above the sea. This is one of the most
imposing fire, attaining a height of 100 feet, with a perfectly straight
stem. It furnishes a valuable building timber.

The Silver Fir is desirable for our mountain forests.

pinus alba, Ait.

■White Spruce. From Canada to Carolina, up to the highest mountains.
It resembles P. Picea, but is smaller, at most 50 feet high. Eligible for
our alpiue country.

Pinus Alcocquiana, Parlatore.

Japan, at an elevation of 6 to 7000 feet. A fine tree, with very small
blue-green leaves; the wood is used for light household furniture.

Pinus amabilis, Dough

Californian Silver Fir. North California, at an elevation of 4000 feet.
A handsome fir, 200 feet high, circumference of stem 24 feet; the stem
is naked up to 100 feet.

Pinus Australis, Miclix.*

Southern or Swamp Pine, also called Georgia, Yellow Pitch, or Broom
Pino. In the Southern States of N. America; the tree attains a
height of 70 feet. It furnishes a good timber for furniture and building.
It is this tree, which forms chiefly the extensive pine barrens of the
United States, and yields largely the American turpentine.

Pinus AyacahuitO, Ehrenb. (/'. Loudoniana, Gord.)

In Mexico, at an elevation of 8000 to 12,000 feet. An excellent pine
100 to 150 feet high, with a stem diameter of 3 to 4 feet, yielding a
much esteemed white or sometimes reddish timbor.

Pinus balsamea, L.

Balsam Fir, Balm of Gilead Fir. Canada, Nova Scotia, New England.
An elegant tree, 40 feet high, which with Pinus Fraseri yields the
Canada Balsam, the well-known oleo-resin. The timber is light, soft,
and useful for furniture. It thrives best in cold swampy places. Eligi¬
ble for our alps.

Pinus Canadensis, L.

Hemlock Spruce. In Canada and over a great part of the United
States, on high mountains. A very' ornamental tree, 100 feet high,
with a white cross-grained and inferior wood. The tree, however, is
extremely valuable on account of its bark, which is much esteemed as
a tanning mdterial; it is stripped off during the summer months. The
young shoots are used for making spruce beer.

Pinus Canariensis, C. Smith.*

Canary Pine. Canary Islands, forming large forests at an elevation of
6 to 6000 feet. A tree 70 feet high, with a resinous durable very heavy
wood, not readily attacked by insects. It thrives well in Victoria, and
shows celerity of growth.

Pinus Cedrus, L.

Cedar oi Lebanon. Together with the Atlas variety on the mountains
ol Lebanon and Taurus, also in N, Africa. The tree grows to a
height of 100 feet, aud attains a very great age; the wood is of a light
reddish color, soft and easy to work, and much esteemed for its dura¬
bility.

37

Finns Cedrus var, Deodara.*

Deodar Cedar. On the Himalaya mountains, 4 to 12,000 feet above sea
level. A majestic tree, 150 feet high, and sometimes 30 fectin circumfer¬
ence of stem. The wood is of a whitish yellow color, very close grained
and resinous, and furnishes one of the best building timbers known ; it
must, however, not be felled too young. The tree also yields a good
deal of resin and turpentine.

Finus Cembra, L.

On the European Alps, also in Siberia and Tartary. The tree attains
a height of 00 feet; the wood is of a yellow color, very soft and resinous,
of un extremely line texture and is extensively used for carving and
cabinet work. The seeds are edible, and when pressed yield a great
quantity' of oil. A good turpentine is also obtained from this pino.

Finns ccmbroidos, Zucc. (/’. Laoeana, Schiede and Deppe.)

Mexican Swamp Pine. A small tree, 30 feet high, growing at an eleva¬
tion of 8000 to 10.000 feet. The timber is not of much use, bit the seeds
are edible and have a very agreeable taste.

F. Cilioiea, Ant. and Kotsch.

Cilician Silver Fir. Asia Minor. 4000 to 6500 abovo sea leyel. A hand¬
some tree of pyramidal growth 160 feet high. The wood is very soft
and used extensively for the roofs of houses, as it does not warp.

Finus contorts, Dough

On high damp ranges in California, attaining 60 feet in height. It is
valuable as a shelter tree in stormy localities.

Pinus Coulteri, Don.

California, on the eastern slope of the coast range at an elevation of
3000 to 4000 feet. A pine of quick growth, attaining a height of 76 feet;
it has the largest cones of all pines.

Finus Douglasii, Sabine.*

Oregon Pine. N.W. America forming very extensive forests. A large
conical shaped tree, up to 300 foet in height, with a stem of 2 to 10 feet
diameter. Only in a moist forest climate of rapid growth.

Pinus duinosa, Don (P. Brunoniana 1 Val).)

Bootan, Sikkim and Nepal, 10,000 feet above sea level. A very orna¬
mental fir, rising to 70 or 60 feet.

Pinus excelsa, Wall*

The Lofty or Bootan Pine. Himalaya, forming largo forests at from 6000
to 11,600 feet elevation. A fine tree 150 feet high, furnishing a valu¬
able close-grained, resinous wood, as well as a good quantity of tur¬
pentine,

Pinus Fortunei, Parlatorc.

China, in the neighbourhood or Foochowfoo. A splendid tree 70 feet
high, somewhat similar in habit to P. Cedrus.

Pinus Fraseri, Pursh.

Double Balsam Fir. On high mountains of Carolina and Pennsylvania.
This tree, which gets about 20 feet high, yields with P. balsamea
Canada Balsam.

Pinus Gerardiana, Wall.

Nepal Nut Pine. In the N.E. parts of the Himalaya at an elevation of
10,i 00 to 12,000 feet, forming extensive forests. The tree gets 50 feet
high and produces very sweet edible seeds, also turpentine.

E

38

Pinus grandis, Dougl.

Great Silver Fir of North California. A splendid fir, 200 feet high and
upwards, growing best in moist valloys of high ranges; the wood is
white and soft.

Pinus Haleppensis, Mill.*

Aleppo Pine. South Europe and North Africa, This well known pine
attains a height of 80 feet with a stem of from 4 to 5 feet iu diameter.
The timber of young trees is white, of older trees of a dark color ; it
is principally esteemed for ship building, but also used for furniture.
The tree yields a kind of Venetian turpentine, as well as a valuable tar.
It thrives well iu waterless rocky places, also on the sandy sea coast.
P. maritima is a variety of this species. Content with the poorest and
driest localities, and rapid of growth.

Pinus Hartwegii, Lindl.

Mexico, 9000 to 13,000 feet above sea level. A pine, 50 feet in height,
with a very durable wood of a reddish color; it yields a large quantity
of resin.

Pinus Larix, L.

Common Larch; deciduous. On the European Alps up to 7000 feet. It
attains a height of 100 feet, sometimes rising even up to 160 feet, and
produces a valuable timber of great durability, which is used for land and
water buildings, and much prized for ship building. The hark is used
for tanning and dyeing. The tree is of great importance for its yield of
the Venetian turpentine, which is obtained by boring holes into it in
spring; these fill during the summer, supplying from j to f pint of
turpentine. In Piedmont, where they tap the tree in different places
and let the liquid continually run, it is said that from 7 to 8 may be
obtained in a year, hut the wood suffers through this operation. P. L.
var. Rossica, Russian Larch, grows principally on the Altai mountains
from 2,500 to 5,600 feet above sea level; it attains a height of 80 feet.
The species would be important for our upland country.

Pinus leiophylla, Schiede and Deppe.

7000 to 11,000 feet up on the mountains of Mexico. A tree 90 feet
high. The wood is excessively hard.

Pinus leptolepis, Sicb . and Zucc.

Japan Larch. In Japan, between 35° and 18° N. lat., up to an elevation
of 9000 feet. The timber is highly valued by the Japanese.

Pinus longifolia, Itoxb*

Emodi Pine or Cheer Pine. On the Himalaya mountains, from 2000 to
7000 |feet. A handsome tree with a branchless stem of 50 feet; the
wood is resinous and the red variety useful for building; it yields a
quantity of tar and turpentine. The tree stands exposure atid heat
well.

Pinus Massoniana, Lamb (/'. Sinensis, Lamb.)

China and Japan. This pine attains a height of 60 feet and supplies a
resinous tough and durable wood, used for buildings and furniture.
The roots, when burned with the oil of Brassica Orientalis, furnish the
Chinese Lampblack.

Pinus Menzieuii, Dougl.

North West America. A very handsome tree, which grows to a height
of 70 feet, and furnishes a valuable timber; it thrives best in moist
ground.

Pinus Hudsonica, Poir. (P. Banksiana, Lamb.)

Grey Pine ; North America, up to 64° N. lat. Height of tree, 40 feet
in the cold north only a shrub. The wood is light, tough, and easily
worked. ° ■<

30

Pinna Jeffreyi, Murr!

North California, on a sterile sandy soil. A noble pine, 150 feet high ;
stem -1 feet thick.

Pinna Kaempferi, Lamb.

Chinese Larch; also called Golden Pine. China. This is the hand¬
somest of all the larches. It is of quick growth, and attains a height
of 150 feet. The leaves, which are of a vivid green during spring and
summer, turn to a golden yellow in autumn. The wood is very hard
and durable.

Pinna Koraiensis, Sieb. and Zucc.

China and Japan. A handsome tree, 30 to 40 feet high, producing
edible seeds.

Pinna Lambertiana, Dougl.

Giant or Sugar Pine. North-west coast of America; mostly in great
altitudes. A lofty tree, upwards of 300 feet high, with a straight,
naked stem of from 20 to 60 feet in circumference. It thrives best in
sandy soil, and produces a soft, white, straight grained wood, which
for inside work is esteemed above any other pine in California, and
furnished in large quantities. The cones are L8 inches long; the
seeds are edible, and used as food by the natives. Would come best
to perfection iu the humid regions of our higher mountains.

Pinus Laricio, I'oir.*

Corsican Pine. South Europe. It attaius a height of 120 feet. The
wood is white, towards the centre dark, very resinous, coarse-grained,
elastic and durable, and much esteemed for building, especially for
waterworks. Thoro are three main varieties of this pino, viz.:
P. L. Poirctiana, in Italy; P. L. Austriaca, in Austria; P. L. Pallas-
siaua, on the borders of the Black Sea. The tree grows best in
calcareous soil, but also in poor, sandy soil, where, however, the timber
is not so large uor so good. It yields all the products of P. silvestris,
hut in greater quantities, being, perhaps, the most resinous of
ail pints.

Pinus Mertensiana, Bong.

Californian Hemlock Spruce, North-west America. Tho wood is
white and very soft, hut is often used for building. The tree is'from
100 to 150 feet high, by a stem diameter of 4 to 0 feet.

Pinus mitis, Michx.

Yellow Pine of North America. In dry sandy soil, attaining a height
of 60 feot. Wood durable, fine-grained, moderately resinous, valuable
for flooring.

Pinus monophylla, Torr. and Frem.

Stone or Nut Pine of California, on the Sierra Nevada and Cascade
Mountains, 6,500 feet. The seeds are edible, of an almond-like taste,
and consumed in quantity by the natives. Height of tree, only 35
feet; thickness of stem, 8 to 10 inches.

Pinus montana, Du Roi. (P. Pumilio Ihxnke.)

On the Alps and Carpathians up to the highest points, covering large
tracts, and thriving on the poorest soil. The treo, which grows about
25 feet high, in favourable localities 50, yields much oil of turpen¬
tine. The wood is used for carviDg, and for firewood. Only available
to advantage for our highlands.

Pinus Montezumae, Lamb. (P. Devoniana, Lindl.) (P. Grenvillex,
Gord.)

Mexico. A handsome Pine, 80 feet high; wood white, soft, and
resinous.

£ 2

40

Pinus monticola, Dough

California, at an elevation of 7,000 feet. It thrives best in poor Boil
of granite formation, and attains the height of 200 feet, with a stem
of 1J to 4 feet thick. The wood is white, close-grained.

Pinus murioata, Don.

Bishop's Pine. California. Found up 7,600 feet. This pine grows to
about 40 feet.

Pinus nigra, Ait.

Black Spruce. North-East America, Occurring extensively between
44° and 63° N. latitude. This treo, which is termed Double Spruce
by the Canadians, attains a height of 70 feet, and furnishes a light
elastic timber of white colour; excellent for yards of ships. The
young shoots are used for making spruce-beer, and the small roots
serve as cords. It likes swampy forest land,

Pinus nobilis, Dough

Noble White Fir. North west coast of America, on the Columbia
Kiver, and the mountains of North California, where it forms exten¬
sive forests at 6 to 8,000 feet. A majestic tree, 160 to 200 feet high,
with regular horizontal branches. It furnishes a valuable timber for
building.

Pinus orientalis, L,

Sapinrlus Fir. In Asia Minor, at 4.000 feet. Tho tree rises to about
80 feet, and resembles somewhat the Norway Spruce. The wood is
exceedingly tough and durable.

Pinus parviflora, Sieb.

In Japan. It only gets about 26 feet high; hut is much used as an
avenue tree; also, for fine furniture and boat-building.

Pinus Pattoniana, Pari.

California; 6 to 6,000 feet above sea-level, A very fine fir, 300 feet
high, with a perfectly straight Btem. The wood is bard, of a reddish
colour, with handsome veins; but poor in resin.

Pinus patula, Scbiede and Deppe.

In Mexico; at an elevation of 8 to 0,000 feet. A graceful pine, 80 feet
high.

Pinus pendula, Soland, (/’. microcarpa. Lamb.)

Small-coned American Larch; Black Larch or Tamarack. Frequent
in Vermont find New Hampshire, A pine of pyramidal growth, 100
feet high. The timber is white, heavy, resinous, and as highly
valued as that of the Common Larch.

Pinus picea,* Dn Hoi. (/\ Abies, L.)

Norway Spruce, Fichte, Middle and Northern Europe and Northern
Asia; rising from the plains to an elevation of 4,600 feet, and forming
extensive forests. The tree attains a height of 160 feet, or even more,
and furnishes an excellent timber for building and furniture; com¬
monly known under the name of White Deal. It also produces the
Burgundy Pitch in quantity, while the bark fs used for tanning.
Though enduring our dry summers, thi3 spruce would have to be
restricted for timber purposes to the damp mountains.

Pinus Pinaster, Soland.*

Cluster Pine. On the shores of tho Mediterranean, The tree is o^
quick growth, and rises to CO feet in height; the wood is soft and
resinous; it yields largely the French turpentine. Among the best
pines for consolidation of sandy coast land, and converting rolling
sands into pasture and agricultural land. For ease of rearing and
rapidity of growth, one of the most important of all pines.

41

Pinus Pinceana, Gord.

Mexico, up to 9000 feet above sea level. A very remarkable pine,
having drooping branches like the Weeping Willow, 60 feet high. Most
desirable for cemeteries.

Pinus Pindrow, Royle.

In great abundance on the spurs of the Himalaya mountains, 8 to
12,000 feet above the sea level. A fine straight stemmed tree, 100 feet
high.

Pinus Pinea, L*

Stone Pine. Frequent in the countries bordering on the Mediterranean;
height of tree 60 feet; the wood is whitish, light, but full of resin, and
much used for buildings, furniture, and ships. The seeds are edible,
somewhat resembling almonds, but of a resinous though not disagree¬
able taste; they only ripen in their third year. This pine grows as
easily, and almost as quickly as the Cluster Pine.

Pinus Pinsapo, Boiss.

Spanish Fir. In Spain, on the Sierra Nevada, 4 to 6000 feet. A tree
of CO feet high, with branches from the ground.

Pinus ponderosa, Dougl.* (P. Benthamiana, Hartw.)

Yellow or Pitch Pine of the mountains of N.W. America. Height of
tree up to 226 feet, with a stem of 24 feet in circumference, of compara-
lively quick growth; the wood is heavy, and for general purposes
preferred to that of any other pine. Has proved well adapted even for
dry localities in Victoria.

Pinus Pseudo-Strobus, Hindi*

In Mexico. This tree is superior in appearance to auy other Mexican
pine; height 80 feet.

Pinus Pyrenaica, Lapeyr.

In the South of Spain, and on tlio Pyrenees. A fine ornamental tree of
quick growth, 80 feet high; the wood is white and dry, poor in resin.

Pinus radiata, Don.* (P. insignis, Dougl.)

California. A splendid pine, fully 100 feet high, with a straight stem
2 to 4 feet in diameter. It is of remarkably rapid growth, a seedling
one year old, being strong enough for final transplantation; the wood
is tough, and much sought for boat-building and various utensils.

Pinus religiosa, Uumb.

Oyaiuel Fir. Mexico, 4 to 9000 feet above the sea level. A magnificent
tree with silvery leaves, growing 100 feet high, stem 6 feet in diameter;
the wood is particularly well fit for shingles.

Pinus resinosa, Soland.

Red Pine. N. America, principally in Canada and Nova Scotia. It gets
80 feet high, and 2 feet in diameter; the wood is red, fine-grained,
heavy and durable, not very resinous, and is used for ship-buildiug.

Pinus rigida, Mill.*

American Pitch Pine. From New England to Virginia. It grows to a
height of 80 feet; the timber when from good soil, is hard and resinous
and used for building, but the tree is principally important for its yield
of turpentine, resin, pitch and tar.

Pinus rubra. Lamb.

Hudson’s Pine, Red Spruce. Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and other
northern parts of the American Continent. A straight slender tree, 70
feet high; the wood is of a reddish color and highly esteomed.

42

Pinus Sabiniana, Doug].*

Californian Nut Pine or White Pino, Most frequent on the western slopes
of the ltocky Mountains, intermixed with other trees, 150 feet high,
stem 3 to 5 feet in diameter; the wood is white and soft; the clus¬
tered heavy cones attain a length of I foot; the seeds are edible.
Troves in dry localities of Victoria to be of quick growth.

Pinus serotina, Miehx.

Pond Pine. Southern States of North America, in black morassy soil,
principally near the sea coast; it is 60 feet high, stem 18 inches in
diameter; the wood is soft.

Pinus silvestris, L*

Scotch Fir, Foehre. Middle and Northern Europe, up to 70° N. Lat.,
and North Asia, thriving best in sandy soil. A very valuable tree,
fully 100 feet high, growing to the age of about 120 years. The Red
Baltic, Norway or Riga deals are obtained from this pine, as well as
a large portion of the European pine tar. Proves well adapted even
for the drier parts of Victoria.

Pinus Sibirica, Turcz. (P. Pichla, Fisch.)

Siberian Pitch Fir. On the Altai Mountains; it reaches a height of
60 feet.

Pinus Strobus, L.*

Weymouth Pine or American White Pine. N.E. America, growing on
any soil, but preferring swampy ground; it is found 100 feet high,
with a stem of 4 to 6 feet in diameter ; the wood is soft, white, light,
free of knots, almost without resin, easy to work, and much
esteemed for masts; it yields American turpentine and gallipot.
Pinus Tsada, L.

Frankincense or Loldolly Pine. Florida and Virginia, in sandy soil,
attaining.a height of 80 feet; the timber is esteemed for ship-building.
It also yields turpentine in good quantity, though of inferior quality.
Pinus tenuifolia, Benth.

Mexico, at an elevation of 5000 feet, forming denso forests; height of
tree 100 feet, stem up to 6 feet in diameter.

Pinus Teocote, Cham, and Schlecht.

Okote or Torch Pine. Mexico, 5 to 8000 feet above the sea level.
Tree 100 feet high, stem 3 to 4 feet in diameter; the wood is resinous
and durable.

Pinus Tsuga, Ant.

In the northern provinces of Japan, 0 to 9000 feet above the sea. The
tree gets only 25 feet high ; its timber is highly esteemed for superior
furniture especially by turners.

Pinus Webbiana, Wallich.*

King Pine, Dye Pine. On the Himalaya Mountains, at an elevation
of 12 to 18,000 feet. A splendid fir 70 to 80 feet high, with a stem
diameter of generally 3 to 4 feet, hut sometimes even 10 feet. The
wood is of a white color, soft, coarse-grained and very resinous; the
natives extract a splendid violet dye from the cones.

Sciadopitys verticillata, Sieb.

The lofty and curious Umbrella Fir of Japan, 140 feet high; resists
severe frosts; wood white and compact.

Sequoia sempervirens, Endl.* (Taxodium eempervirens, Lamb.)

Red Wood or Bastard Cedar of N. W. America, chiefly California. A
splendid tree, 3< 0 feet high, occasionally with a diameter of the stem of
66 feet. The wood is reddish, close-veined, but light and brittle. One
of the most colossal trees of tie globe.

43

Sequoia "Wellingtonia, Seem.* {Wellingtonia gigantea, Lindl.)

Mammoth Ties. Californio, up to 5000 feet above the sea. This, the
biggest of all trees, attains astern of 320 feet in length and 112 feet in
circumference, the oldest trees being estimated at 1100 years; the total
height of a tree will occasionally be 450 feet; a stem broken at 800 feet
had yot a diameter of 18 feet. The wood is soft and white when felled,
afterwards it turns red.

Taxodium distiehum, Rich.* a

Virginian Swamp or Bald Cypress. In swampy places of North
America. A large and valuable tree, 100 feet high, with a stem circum¬
ference of sometimes 40 feet, of rapid growth, with deciduous foliage
like that of the Larch and Ginkgo; it is found fossil in the mioceno
formation of many parts of Europe. The wood is tine-grained, bard
and durable; it yields an essential oil and a superior kind of tur¬
pentine. Useful for avenues on swampy margins of lakes or river
banks.

Taxodium mucronatum, Ten.

The famed Montezuma Cypress of Mexico, 120 feet high, with a trunk
44 feet in circumference; it forms extensive forests between Chapultepec
nud Tescuco.

Taxus baccata, L.

Yew. Middle and South Europe and Asia, at 1000 to 4000 feet
elevation. Generally a shrub, sometimes a tree, 40 feet high, which
furnishes a yellow or brown wood, exceedingly tough, heavy and
durable and much esteemed by turners. The tree is of very slow
growth and reaches a great age, perhaps several thousand years; some
ancient ones are known with a stem of fifty feet in girth.

Taxua brevifolia, Nuttall. (T. Lindlcyana, Laws.)

N. W. America. Western Yew. A stately tree, 76 feet high, with a
stem of 5 feet in circumference. The Indians use the wood for their
bows.

Thuya gigantea, Nutt.

N. W. America, on the banks of the Columbia River. The Yellow
Cypress of the colonists. A straight graceful tree, 200 feet high, fur¬
nishing a valuable building timber of a pale or light yellow color.

Thuya occidentalis, L.

N. America, particularly frequent in Canada. A fine tree, 70 feet high ;
the wood is reddish or yellowish, fine-grained, very tougli and resinous,
and well fit for building, especially for water work. The shoots and
also an essential oil of this tree aro used in medicine; the bast can
be converted into ropes.

Thuyopsis dolabrata, Sieb and Zucc.

Japan. A majestic tree, furnishing an excellent hard timber of a red
color.

Torreya Californica, Torr. (T. myrislica, Hooker.)

In California. Tree 80 feet high.

Torroya grandis. Fortune.

China. A tree 60 feet high, with an umbrella-shaped crown; it pro¬
duces good timber.

Torreya, nucifera, 8. and Z. (Caryotaxus nucifera, Zucc.)

Japan. Height of tree about 30 feet. From the nuts the Japanese
press an oil, used as an article of food.

44

Torreya taxifolia, Arnott.

Florida. A tree 60 feet in height, with a firm, close-grained, durabl
wood of a reddish color.

Widdringtonia juniperoides, Endl.

South Africa, 3000 to 4000 feet above sea level. A middling sized
tree, rich, in resin.

*

II.—MISCELLANEOUS TREES, NOT CONIFEROUS.

Acacia acuminata, Benth.

A kind of Myall from Western Australia, attaining a height of 40 feet.

Acacia decumms, Willd. (A. mollissima , Wild. A. dealbata, Link.)
The Black Wattle or Silver Wattle. From the eastern part of
S. Australia, through Victoria and N. S. V r ales, to the southern part
of Queensland, in open plains a small or middle sized tree, in deep
forest recesses a lofty tree, of singularly rapid growth. Its wood can
be used for staves and many other purposes, hut its chief use would be
to afford the first shelter, in treeless localities, for raising forests. Its
bark, rich in tannin, and its gum, not dissimilar to Gum Arabic,
render this tree also important. Other quick growing trees, useful in
various ways, growing in any soil and enduring drought, can be
used simultaneously, by mere dissemination, in ploughed ground, for
dense temporary belts of shelter, or for quick yielding fuel planta¬
tions, such as Acacia pycnantha, A. lophantha, Casuarina quadri-
valvis, Casuarina suberosa, Eucalyptus melliodora,Eucalyptus vimmalis,
and many other Eucalypts, all easily growing from seed.

Acacia homalophylla, Cuun.

The Victorian Myall, extending into the deserts of NS. Wales. The
dark brown wood is much songht for turner's work on account of its
solidity and fragranco; perhaps its most extensive use is in the
manufacture of tobacco pipes. Never a tali tree.

Acacia Melanoxylon, R. Br.

The well known Blackwood of our river flats and moist forest
valleys, passing also under the inappropriate name of Lightwood. In
irrigated valleys of deep soil the tree will attain a height of 80
feet, with a stem several feet in diameter. The wood is most valu¬
able lor furniture, railway carriages, boat-building, casks, billiard
tables, pianofortes (for sound-boards and actions), and numerous
other purposes. The fine-grained wood is out into veneers. It takes
a fine polish, and is considered equal to the best Walnut. Our best
wood for bending under steam. For further details refer to the
volumes of the Exhibitions of 18G2 and 1867.

Acer campestre, L.

Extends from Middle Europe to North Asia. Height 40 feet, in shelter
and deep soil; the yellow and purple tint of its foliage in autumn
render the tree then particularly beautiful. The wood is compact
and fine-grained, and sought for choice furniture. The tree can he
trimmed for lndgo growth. Comparatively quick of growth, and easily
raised from seed, 't hese remarks apply to almost all kinds of Maples.

Acer dasycarpum, Ehrhart.

The Silver Maple of North America. Likes rather a warmer climate
than the other American Maples, and therefore particularly desirable
for us here. Height 60 feet; wood pale and soft, stem sometimes 9
feet in diameter.

45

Acer macrophyllum, Pursh.

Large Oregon Maple. Tree SO foot high, of quick growth; stem 16
feet in circumference; wood whitish, beautifully veined.

Acer Negundo, L.

The Bos Elder of North America. A tree, deciduous like the rest of
the Maples, attains a height of about 60 feet, and is rich in saccharine
sap. Proved well adapted for our country.

Acer palmatum, Thunb.

This beautiful tree with deeply cleft leaves is indigenous to Japan,
where various varieties with red and yellow tinged leaves occur.
Should it be an aim to bring together all the kinds of Maples, which
could bo easily grown in appropriate spots of Victoria, then Japan
alone would furnish 25 species.

Acer platanoides, L.

The Norway Maple, extending south to Switzerland, 70 feet high. The
pale wood much used by cabinetmakers.

Acer Pseudo-platanus, L.

The Sycamore Maple or British Plano. Attains a height of over 100
feet. The wood is compact and firm, valuable for various implements,
instruments, and cabinet work. It furnishes like some other maples a
superior charcoal.

Acer rubrum, L.

The Red Maple, North America. A tree attaining 80 feet, fond of
swumpy places; wood close-grained. The trunk when twisted furnishes
also curled maple wood. Grows with several other maples, well even
in dry open localities of this part of Australia, although the foliage may
somewhat suffer from our hot winds.

Acer saccharinum, Wang.*

One of the largest of the maples. In the colder latitudes of North
America, 80 feet high. Wood of rosy tinge, when knotty or curly
furnishes the Birdseye and curly Maplewood. In the depth of winter
the trees, when tapped, will yield the saccharine fluid, which is so
extensively converted into maple sugar, each tree yielding 2 to 4 lb. a
year. The trees can be tapped for very many years in succession, without
injury. Tho Sugar Maple is rich in potash. Numerous other maples
exist, among which as the tallest may be mentioned, Acer Creticum ,
L„ of South Europe, 40 feet. A. Ixvigalum, A. sterculiaceum and A.
villosam, Wallicb, of Nepal, 60 feet. A. pictum, Thunb., of Japan,
30 feet.

JEsculus Hippocastanum, L.

Indigenous to Central Asia. One of the most showy of deciduons trees,
more particularly when during spring “ it has reached the meridian of
Us glory, and stands forth in all the gorgeousness of leaves and
blossoms.” Height 60 feet. It will succeed in sandy soil on sheltered
spots; the wood adapted for furniture; the seeds a food for various
domestic animals; the bark a good tanning material. Three species
occur in Japan, and several, but none of great height, in North America
and South Asia.

Ailantus glandulosa, L.

S.E. Asia. A hardy deciduous tree, 60 feet high, of rather rapid growth,
and of very imposing aspect in any landscape. Particularly valuable
on account of its leaves, which afford food to a silkworm ( B'ombyx
Cynthia), peculiar to this tree; wood pale yellow, of silky lustre when
planed, and therefore valued for joiners' work. In South Europe,
planted for avenues.

46

Alnus glutinosa, Gaertn.

The ordinary Alder. Throughout Europe and extra tropical Asia, 70 feet
high ; well adapted for river banks ; wood soft and light, turning red,
furnishing one of the best charcoals for gunpowder; it is also durable
under water, and adapted for turners and joiner’s work. A. incana
Willd., is an equally high and allied species.

Amyris torebinthifolia, Tenore.

Of Brazil, is here perfectly hardy, and is content in diy ground without
any irrigation. It proved one of the best among the smaller avenue
trees, is beautifully spreading and umbrageous, and probably of
medicinal value.

Angophora intermedia, Cand.

South Eust Australia. This is the best of the Angophoras, attaining a
height of 60 feet, and growing with the rapidity of an Eucalyptus, but
being more close and shady in its foliage, it would be one of our best
trees to line public roads, and to effect shelter plantations.

Baloghia lucida, Endl. (Codiccum lucidum, T. M.)

Of East Australia. A middle sized tree. Tlio sap from tho vulnerated
trunk forms, without any admixture, a beautiful red indelible pigment.
Betula alba, L*

The ordinary Birch of Europe and extratropical Asia. It attains a
height of 80 feet, and would here thrive best in moist glens of the
ranges, or in tbe higher regions of our mountains, where it would
form up at the Alpine Zone excellent shelter plantations. The durable
bark serves for roofing. Wood white, turning red. The oil of tho
bark is used in preparing tbe Russian leather.

Betula nigra, L.

The Black or River Birch of North America. One of the tallest of
Birches. If grown on the banks of a limpid stream, it will bear intense
heat. The wood is compact, of a light colour.

Betula papyracea. Ait.

The Paper Birch of North America. A larger tree than B. alba, with
a fine-grained wood, and a tough bark ; much used for portable canoes.
It likes a cold situation.

Betula lenta, Willd.

The Cherry Birch of North America. A tree of middle size, liking
moist ground. Bark aromatic. Wood rose coloured or dark, fine-
graiued, excellent for furniture. Several Birches occur in Japan, which
might well be tried here.

Carpinus Betulu?, L.

The Hornbeam. A tree of 80 feet high. Middle and South Europe.
Wood pale, of a horny toughness and hardness, close-grained, hut not
elastic. This tree would serve to arrest the progress of bushfires, if
planted in copses or hedges like willows and poplars around forest
plantations. A smaller species, Carpinus Americana, Mich., yields the
Ironwood of North America. Pour species occur in Japan (C. cordata,

G. eroia, C. laxifiora, C.japonica (Blume). Carpinus viminea (Walllch)
is a species with durable wood from the middle regions of Nepal.

Carya alba, Nuttall.*

The Shellbark-Hickory. A deciduous tree, 90 feet high, which delights
in rich forest soil; a native of North America, Wood strong, elastic,
and tenacious; but not very durable. Yields the main supply of
Hickory nuts. All the hickories are extensively used in North America
for hoops.

47

Carya amara, Nuttall.

The Bitternut Tree or Swamp Hickory. A tree, 80 feet high, in
swampy grounds of North America. Wood less valuable than that of
other Hickories.

Carya glabra, Torrey* (Carya por tin a, Nuttall.)

The Hognut Tree. A tree, 80 feet high, in forest land of North
America. Wood very tough ; the heart-wood reddish or dark-coloured ;
much used for axletrees and axehaudles.

Carya oliviformis, Nuttall*

The Pecan Nut Tree. A lofty tree, fond of river hanks in North
America.

Carya sulcata, Nuttall.*

The Furrowed Hickory and Shellbark Hickory of some districts; also
Shagbark Hickory. A tree, 80 feet high, in damp woods of North
America. Heart-wood pale-coloured. Seed of sweet pleasant taste.

Carya tomentosa, Nuttall.*

The Mocker Nuttree, or White Heart Hickory. A big tree of North
America. Likes forest soil not moist. Heart-wood pale-coloured,
remarkable for strength aud durability. Seeds very oily. Nut small,
but sweet. A variety produces nuts as large as an apple.

Castanea sativa, Miller.* (C. vesca Gatrtner.)

The Sweet Chcsnut Tree. South Europe and temperate Asia, as far as
Japan, and a variety with smaller fruits extending to North America.
It attains an enormous age; at Mount Etna an individual tree
occurs with a stem 204 feet in circumference. The wood is light
and coarse-grained; the importance of the tree rests on its adapta¬
bility for shade plantations, its nutritious iluts and timber value.

Castauopsis argentea, A. Candolle.

A lofty tree in the mountains of India, produces also edible chesnuts.
Other species of the genus Castauopsis are valuable.

Casuarina glauca, Sicbor.

The Desert Slieoak, widely distributed through Australia, but nowliorc
in forcBt-like musses. This species attains, in favourable places, a
height of 80 feet. Its hard durable wood is valuable. Important for
its rapid growth, resistance to exposure for shelter plantation, and
a speedy supply of fuel, a remark which applies also to the following
species.

Casuarina quadrivalvis, Labillard.

l'he Coast Sheoak of South-east Australia, but not merely living in
coast sand, but also on barren places up to the hills inland. Height
to 60 feet. The male tree is very eligible for avenues, the foliage of
the species being drooping. Cattle are fond of the foliage. For
arresting the ingress of coast sand by belts of timber, this is one of
the most important trees. It produces, like other Casuarinas, seeds
early and copiously, and is easily raised.

Casuarina suberosa, Willd.

The Erect Sheoak of South East Australia. Height to 40 feet. A
beautiful shady species. Casuarina trichodon (Miq.), C. Fraseriana,
(Miq.), aud C, Huegeliana (Miq.), are arboreous species of South-west
Australia, all valuable for their wood.

Cedrela Taona, Roxburgh.*

The Singapore Cedar. A mere variety of this is the Red Cedar of East
Australia (Cedrela Australis, Cunn.) The light beautiful wood, easily
worked and susceptible of high polish, is much in request for

48

furniture, for the manufacture of pianofortes, for boat-building and a
Turietv of other work. As this important tree is largely extirpated in
the cedar brushes, it is highly desirable to form of it iu our rich forest
gullies independent plantations for future local supply. The lied
Cedar is hardy at Melbourne; but in our open exposed gardens and
poor soil of slow growth.

Celtis Australis, L.

The Lotus tree of South Europe and North Africa. Of longevity, 60 feet
high, available for avenues. Berries edible. Wood hard and dense,
eligible particularly for turners and carvers’ work.

Celtis Occidentalis, L.

The Huckberry Tree. A fine forest tree in Ohio, and other parts of
North America. Height, SO feet. The variety called G. crassifolia is
the best. The sweet fruits edible. Wood elastic and fissile.

Ceratonia Siliqua, L.

The Carob tree of the Mediterranean regions. It attains a height
of 30 feet and resists drought well. Wood pale red. The saccharine
pods, Algaroba or St. John’s Bread, of value for domestic animals.
The seeds germinate readily’.

Cinnamomum Camphora, Necs.*

The Camphor tree of China and Japan, attaining a height of about
40 feet. It endures the occasional frosts of Tort Phillip, though the
foliage will suffer. The wood, like all other parts of the tree, is
pervaded by Camphor, hence resists the attack of insects.

Corylus Colurna, L.

The Constantinople Nut tree, the tallest of Hazels, attaining GO feet
in height, of rather quick growth. This, as well as the European
Hazel ( Corylus Avellana, L.) and the Japan Hazel (C. hetcrophylla,
Fischer ) might be grown for copses in our forest gullies.

Corynocarpus laevigata, Forst.

The Karaka of New Zealand and tho principal forest tree of the
Chatham Islands, attaining the height of GO feet. The wood is
light, and used by the nntives for canoes. The pulp of the fruit is
edible. Cattle browse on the foliage. In rich humid soil the tree
can lie adopted for avenues.

Diospyroa Virginiana, L.

The N. American Ebony or Parsimon. A tree GO feet high. Wood
very hard and blackish. The sweet variety yields a good table fruit.

Engelhardtia spicata, Blume.

The spurious Walnut tree of the mountains of Java and the Himalayas.
It reaches a height of 200 feet.

Eucalyptus amygdalina, Labill.

In our sheltered springy forest glens attaining not rarely a height of
over 400 feet, there forming a smooth stem and broad leaves, pro¬
ducing also seedlings of a foliage different to the ordinary state of
Euc. amygdalina ns occur in more open country. This species or
variety, which might be called Eucalyptus regnans, represents the
loftiest tree in British territory, and ranks next to the Sequoia Wdling-
tonia in size anywhere on the globe. The wood is fissile, well adapted
for shingles, rails, for housebuilding, for the keelson and plank,
ing of ships and other purposes. Labillardidre’s name applies ill to
any of the forms of this species. Seedlings raised on rather barren
ground near Melbourne have shown the same amazing rapidity of
growth as those of Euc. globulus, yet, like those of Euc. obliqua,
they are not so easily’ satisfied with any soil.

49

Eucalyptus citriodora, Hooker. ;

Of Queensland, combines with the ordinary qualities of many Eucalypts
the advantage of yielding from its leaves a rather large supply of
volatile oil of excellent lemon-liko fragrance.

Eucalyptus diversicolor, F. v. Mueller.

The Karri of S. \V. Australia, A colossal tree, exceptionally reaching
to the height of 400 feet, with a proportionate girth of the stem. The
timber is excellent. Fair progress of growth is shown by the young
trees planted even in dry exposed localities in Melbourne. The shady
foliage and dense growth of the tree promise to render it one of our
best for avenues. In its native localities it occupies fertile, rather humid
valleys.

Eucalyptus globulus, Labill.

Blue Gumtree of Victoria and Tasmania. This tree is of extremely
rapid growth and attains a height of 400 feet, furnishing a first-class
wood ; shipbuilders get keels of this timber 120 feet long ; besides this
they use it extensively for planking and many other parts of the ship,
and it is considered to be generally superior to American Rock Elm. A
test of strength has been made between some Blue Gum, English Oak,
and Indian Teak. The Blue Gum carried 14 lbs. weight more than the
Oak and 1 7 lbs. 4ozs. more than Teak upon the square inch. Blue Gum
wood, besides for shipbuilding, is very extensively used by carpenters

for all kinds of out-door work, also for fence rails, railway sleepers_

lasting about 9 years,—for shafts and spokes of drays, and a variety of
other purposes.

Eucalyptus go'mphocephala, Candolle.

The Tooart of S. W. Australia ; attains a height of 60 feet. The wood
is close-grained, hard and not rending. It is used for shipbuilding,
wheelwright's work and other purposes of artisans.

Eucalyptus marginata, Smith *

The Jarrah or Mahogany tree of S. W. Australia, famed for its inde¬
structible wood, which is attacked neither by Chelura nor Teredo noi
Termites, and therefore so much sought for jetties and. other structures
exposed to sea-water, also for any underground work, and largely
exported for railway sleepers. Vessels built of this timber have been
enabled to do away with all c. pperplating. It is very strong, of a close
grain and a slightly oily and resinous nature; it works well, makes a
fine finish, and is by shipbuilders here considered superior to either
Oak, Teak, or indeed any other wood. The tree grows chiefly on iron¬
stone ranges. At Melbourne it is not quick of growth, if compared to
our Bluo Gum {Sue. globulus, Lab.) or to our Stringybark (A. olligua
l’tier.), but it is likely to grow with celerity in our ranges.

Eucalyptus rostrata, Schleobtendnl.

The lied Gum of Victoria, South Australia, aud many river flats in the
interior of the Australian continent, although a native tree of this
colony, it has been introduced into this list on account of its wood
being of extraordinary endurance underground, and for this reason so
highly valued for fence-posts, piles, and railway sleepers ; for the latter
purpose it will last at least a dozen years, and, if well selected, much
longer. It is also extensively used by shipbuilders — for maiu stem, stern
post, iuner post, dead wood, floor timbers, futtocks, transomes, knight
head, hawsepieces, cant, stern, quart- r and fushiou timber, bottom
planks, hreasthooks and riders, windlass, howrails, &c. It should bo
steamed before it is worked for planking, Next to the Jarrah from
West Australia this is the best wood for resisting tho attacks of sea-
worms and white ants. For other details of tho nses of this arid other
native trees refer to the Reports of the Victorian Exhibitions of 1862 and

50

1867. The tree attains a height of fully 100 feet. The supply for our
local wants falls already short, and cannot be obtained from Tasmania,
where the tree does not naturally exist.

Eucalyptus Sideroxylon, Cunn.

Iron Bark tree. It attains a height of 100 feet, and supplies a
valuable timber, possessing great strength and hardness; it is much
prized for its durability by carpenters, ship-builders, &c. It is largely
employed by' waggon-builders for wheels, poles, &c.; by ship-builders
for top sides, tree nails, the rudder (stock), belaying pins and other
purposes ; it is also used by turners lor rough work. This is considered
the strongest wood in our colony. It is much recommended for railway
sleepers, and extensively used in underground mining work.

Exeaecaria sebifera, T. M. ( Stillingia lebifcra , Mich.)

The tallow tree of China and Japan. The fatty coating of the seeds
yield the vegetable tallow. The wood is bo hard and dense as to be
used for printing blocks; the leaves furnish a black dye. The tree
endures the night frosts of our open lowlands, though its foliage suffers.

Fagus Cunningham!, Hooker.

The Victorian and Tasmanian Beech. A magnificent evergreen tree,
attaining colossal dimensions, and only living in cool damp rich forest
valleys, not rarely 200 feet high. Tho wood much used by carpenters
and other artisaus’, the myrtlewood of tho trade. It requires to be
ascertained by actual tests in tho forests, whether the allied tall ever¬
green Hew Zealand Beeches possess any advantage over ours for forest
culture, they are: Fagus ifenzicsii, Hooker, the Bed Birch of the
colonists; Fagus fusca, Hook., the Black Biich ; Fagus Solandri, Hook,
the White Birch. A magnificent beech, Fagus Moorei, F. von Muell.
occurs in New England.

Fagus silvatioa, L.

The deciduous beech of Britain, of most other parts of Europe, and
extra tropical Asia, and as Fagus ferruginea, Ait. ilia particular variety,
extending through North America. The trunk has been measured in
height i 18 feet, the head 850 feet in diameter; the wood is hard, exten¬
sively used by’ joiners and ship-builders. An allied Beech, Fagus
Sieboldii, End!., occurs in Japan. All these could here be grown to
advantage only in our springy mountain forests.

Ficus Syoamorus, L.

The Sycomore Fig tree of the Orient, copiously planted along tho road
sides of Egy r pt. The shady crown extends to a width of 120 feet.
Though introduced, we have as yet no local means of raising this tree
in quantity, and must therefore rely on fresh importations of cuttings
or more particularly seeds.

Ficus macrophylla, Desfont.

The Moreton Bay Fig-tree, which is indigenous through a groat part
of East Australia. Perhaps thegraudest of our avenue trees, and among
tho very best to be planted, although in poor dry soil its growth is slow.

In our latitudes it is quite hardy in the lowland. 'J he foliage may
occasionally be injured by grasshoppers.

Fraxinus Americana, L*

The White Ash of North America. A large tree, 80 feet high, which
delighls in humid forests. Timber valuable, better resisting extreme
heat than the common Ash. The Red Ash (Fraxinuspubesetns, Lam.),
the Green Ash (F. viridis, Michx.), the Black Ash ( F. sambucifalia,
Lam.), and the Carolina Ash ( F. platgcarpa, Michx.), are of smaller
size,

51

Fraxinus excelsior, L.*

The ordinary Ash of Europe and West Asia. Height 80 feet, of com¬
paratively quick growth, known to attain an age of nearly 200 years.
Rich soil on forest rivulets or riverbanks suit it best; wood remark¬
ably tough and elastic, used for agricultural and other implements, for
oars, axletrces and many other purposes. Six peculiar kinds of ash
trees occur in Japan, some also in the Indian Highlands; all might
be tried here.

Fraxinus floribunda, Don.

Nepal Ash, 40 feet high.

Fraxinus Ornus, L.*

The Manna Ash of the Mediterranean regions. Height about 30 feet.

It yields the medicinal manna.

Fraxinus quadrangulata, Micbx.*

The Blue Ash of North America. One of the tallest of the Ashes, 70
feet high, with an excellent timber.

Fraxinus viridis, Mich.

The Green Ash of North America. Height 70 feet; wood excellent.
Gleditschia triacafithos, L.

The deciduous Honey Locust tree of North America. Height up to 8
feet. Wood hard, coarse-grained, fissil. Sown closely, this plant forms
impenetrable, thorny, not readily combustible hedges. An allied Bpecies
the G. horrida, Willd, iu East Asia. The Water Locust tree of North
America (Gleditschia monosperma, Walt.), will grow in swamps to
80 feet.

Grevillea robusta, Cunningh.*

Out beautiful Lawntree, indigenous to the subtropical part of East Aus¬
tralia, 100 feet high, of rather rapid growth, and resisting drought in
a remarkable degtee ; hence one of the most eligible trees for desert-
culture. Our cultivated trees yield now already an ample supply of
seeds. The wood is valued particularly for staves of casks.

Guevina Avellana, Molina (Quadria heterophylla. It, & P.)

The Hazel tree of Chili, growing as far as 30° S. It attains a height of
30 feet, and yields the Hazel nuts of S. America.

Gymnocladus Canadensis, Lamark.

The Chirot. A North American timber and avenue tree, attaining
a height of 80 feet; allied to Gleditschia, but, as the name implies,
thornless. The wood is strong, tough, compact, fine-grained, and
assumes a rosy color.

Juglans cineiea, L.*

The Butternut tree of N. America. About 50 feet high ; stern-diameter
4 feet. Likes rocky places in rich forests. Wood lighter than that of
the Black Walnut, durable and free from attacks of insects.

Juglans nigra, L.*

Black Walnut tree. Attains a height of 70feet; trunk 4 feet in dia¬
meter; found in rich forest land in N. America. .Wood purplish
brown, turning dark with age, strong, tough, not liablo to warp or to
split; not attacked by insects. Seed more oily than the European
Walnut.

Juglana regia, L.*

The ordinary 'Walnut tree of Europe, but of Central Asiatic origin;
it attains a height of fully 80 feet, and lives many centuries. Wood
light and tough, much sought for guustockB, furniture, and other things,
d'ho shells of the nut yield black pigment. Trees of choice quality of

52

•wood have been sold for £600, the wood being the most valuable of
middle Europe. Can be grown in cold localities, as it lives at 2000 feet
elevation in middle Europe. The Californian Walnut tree (Juglans
rupes/ris, Engelmaun) and the Chinese Walnut tree (Juglans Maiulchu-
rica, Maxim.) ought to he introduced here.

Lettoadendron argenteum, Brown,

The Silver tree of South Africa is included on this occasion among
forest trees, because it would add to the splendour of our woods, and
thrive far better there than in our gardens. Moreover, with this tree many
others equally glorious might be established in our mild forest glens as
a source of horticultural wealth, were it only to obtain in future years
a copious supply of seeds. Mention may be made of the tall Magnolia
trees of N, America (Magnolia grandijlora, L., 100 feet high ; .If. umbrella,
Lam., 40 feet; M. acuminata, L., 80 feet; .If. cor data, Mlcbx., CO feet ;
M. Fruxcri,' Walt., 40 feet; M. maerophylla, Michx., 40 feet), Jf. Yulan,
Desf. of China, CO feet; Magnolia Campbell /, Hook., of the Himalayas,
150 feet high and flowers nearly a foot across : M. sphaerocarpa, Itoxb.,
also of the Indian Highlands, 40 feet; I ho North American Tulip tree
(Liriodendran tulipifera, L.), 140 feet high, stem 0 feet in diameler ; the
Mediterranean Styrax tree (Styrax officinalis, L.) : Stenocarpus sinuosus,
End!., of East Australia (the most brilliant of'tho Prolcaceat) ; the
crimson and ^arlet Ratas of New Zealand ( Metrosidcros Jloriia, Sm, ;
M. lucida, Menz. ; M. rohuita, Cunn., 80 feet high ; Jf. lomcntosa, Cunn.,
40 feet) ; Fuchsia excorticatei, L., also from New Zealand, stem 2 feet in
diameter; the crimson-flowered Eucalyptus ficifolia of West Aus¬
tralia; Bhododendon Falconeri, Hooker, from Upper India, 50 feet
high, leaves 18 inches long. In the Sassafras gullies, here alluded to,
also may be planted the great Melaleuca Lcueadendron, L., the true
Asiatic Cajuput tree, which grows to a height of 100 feet; even the
North European Holly {Ilex Aguifolium), which occasionally rises to
60 feet, though both from regions so distant.

Idquidambar Altingia, Blume.

At (he Red Sea and in the mountains of India and New Guinea, at
8000 feet, and probably hardy in the warmer parts of our colony. The
tree attains a height cf 200 feet. It yields the fragrant balsam known
as liquid Storax.

Liquidambar styraciflua, L,

The Sweet-Gum tree. In morasses and on the springs of the forests of
N. America, with a wide geographic range. The tree attains vast
dimensions of its crown ; the stem 10 fret in diameter. The terebin-
thine juice hardens, on exposure, to a resin of benzoin odour. Wood
fine-grained.

Macadamia ternifolia, F. von Muell. (Ilelicia icrnifolia, F. M.)

The Nut tree of subtropic East Australia, attaining a height of CO feet;
hardy, as far south as Melbourne ; in our forest valleys likely of fair
celerity of growth. The nuts huve the taste of hazels.

Morus rubra, L.

The Red Mulberry tree of North America is the largest of the genus,
attaining a height of 70 feet ; it produces a strong and compact timber.'
The White Mulberry tree (Morus alba, L. ), with others, offering food
to the silkworms, should be planted copiously everywhere for hedges or
copses.

Maclura aurantlaca, Nuttall.

The Osage Orange of North America. Greatest height 60 feet; wood
bright yellow, very elastic, fiue-grained. For deciduous thornhedges,
the plant is important; its value for silkworms needs further to be
tested.

53

Ostrya carpinifolia, Scopoli.

60 fcot high 1 ’ 0 anJ ° rient ' The H ° P Hornbean - A deciduous tree,

Ostrya Virginica, Willdenow.

Levorwood tree of North America, 40 feet high, iu rich woodlands
oth^implement y s hard ’ olose ' 8ralDed and heavy, in uso for levers and

Pistacia vcra, L.

Indigenous in (he Orient, as far as Persia. A deciduous tree 30 feet
high, yielding the Pistacia Nuts of commerce, remarkable for their
green nlmond-like kernels The likewiso deciduous Mediterranean
Pistacia Terelnnthus, L., yielding the Ohio Turpentine, the J‘. Atlantica
Desf. and the evergreen South European l'Utana Untilcus l’
furnishing the mnstix, grow rarely to the size of large trees. ’ ‘ ’

Planera Japonioa, Miquel.

Considered one of the best timber trees’of Japan.

Platanus occidentalis, L.

The true Plane tree of the East part of North America. More eligible as
feet^'wood duTl red U ** “ tlmbCr tre<51 dialnoter o{ Btem at times 14
Platanus orientalis, L.

The Plane tree of South Europe and Middle Asia. One of the grandest
trees for lining roads and for street planting, deciduous like the other
planes, rather quick of growth, and not requiring much water attiinr
kiudfof^k.^’ Th ° WOOd bweU ada Pted Krnitmf^oZ

Platanus raoemosa, NuttalL

The Californian Plane tree. Wood harder
then that of P. occidentalis, also less liable to

Populus alba, L.

and thus more durable
warp.

T ho Ahele or Win to Poplar of Europe and Middlo Asia. Height 00 feet
It proved here an excellent avenue tree, even in comparatively water¬
less situations, and gives by the partial whiteness of it! foCe a
pleasing effect m any plantation. Populus canescens, Sm„ the grey
Poplar, is either a variety of the Ahele or its hybrid with the
and yields a better timber for carponters and millwrights. h A P ’

Populus balsamifera, L.

The Tacamahac or Balsam Poplar, of the colder hut not tho

Populus grandidentata, Micliaux.

North America, CO feet high. A kind of Aspen.

Populus heterophylla, L.

The downy Poplar of North America. Height 60 feet.
Populus monilifera, Aiton. (/'. Canadensis, Desf.)

The Cot i on wood tree of North America. Height 100 feet
best poplars for tho production of timber. “ **

One of the

Populus nigra, L.

Tho European Black Poplar, extending
includes Populus dilatata, Aiton, or as

F

spontaneously to China It
a contracted variety, 1\ 'fasti-

54

giata, Desf., the Lombardy Poplar. Greatest height 160 feet. Growth
rapid, like that of all other poplars. Wood soft, light and of loose
texture, used by joiners, coopers and turners, furnishing also superior
charcoal. Bark employed in tanning. The tree requires damp soil.

Populus tremula, L.

The European Aspen. Height 80 feet. It extends to Japan, where also
a peculiar species’ Poplut Sieboldii (Miq.) exists. The asptnwood is
white and tender, and in use by coopers and joiners.

Populus tremuloides, Michaux,

The North American Aspen. Height 50 feet. It extends west to
California, where a particular species, Pop. trichocarpa, Torrey, occurs;
All Poplars might be planted like all Willows, in our gullies, to
intercept forest-fires, also generally on river-banks.

Quercua JEgilops, L*

South Europe. A tree of the size of the British Oak. The cups,
known as Valonia, used tor tanning and dyeing; the unripe acorns as
Oamata or Camatena, for the same purpose, 't he wood is capital for
furniture.

Quercus alba, L,*

The White or Quebec Oak. A most valuable timber tree, 100 feet high ;
diameter of stem, 7 feet. Wood in use by ship-builders, wheelwrights,
coopers and other artisaos.

Quercus annulata, Smith.

A largo Oak of Nepal, which provides a very good timber.

Quercus aquatica, Walter.

North America. Height of tree CO feet; it furnishes a superior hark
for tanning, also wood for ship-building.

Qercus Cerris, L.

South Europe, of the height of the English Oak, in suitable localities
of quick growth. The foliage deciduous, or also evergreen. The wood
available for wheelwrights, cabinetmakers, turners, coopers ; also for
building purposes.

Quercus coccifera, L.

The deciduous Kermes Oak of South Europe; so called from the red
dye, furnished by the Coccus ilia's, from this Oak. It also supplies
tanner’s bark. The huge and ancient Abraham's Oak belongs to this
species.

Quercus coecinea, Wangcnbcim.

The Black Oak of North America. Height, 100 feet; stem-diameter,

5 feet. Foliage deciduous. The yellow dye, known as Quercitron’
comes from this tree. Bark rich in tannic acid.

Quercus cornea, Loureiro.

Of China. An evergreen tree, 40 feet high. Acorns used for food.
Quercus falcata, Michaux.

Of North America. Foliage deciduous. Lives in dry sandy ground.

A good-sized tree with excellent tanner’s bark.

Quercus Ilex, L,

The Holly Oak of South Europe. Height of tree, 60 feet. Wood in
use for ship-building, hark for tanning. From varieties of this tree
are obtained the sweet aud nourishing Ballota and Chesnut acorns.
Quercus incana, Roxb.

A Himalayan timber tree of great dimensions, beautiful, evergreen.

55

Quercus infectoria, Oliv.

Only a small tree, with deciduous foliage. Chiefly from this tree the
galls of commerce are obtained!

Quercus laneifolia, Roxb.

A tall timber tree of the Himalayas. Wood valued for its durability.
Quercus macroearpa, Miohx*

The Bur Oak of North America. Tree 70 feet high. The timber
nearly as good as that of the White Oak.

Quercus palustris, Du Rot.

The Marsh Oak of North America. Height 80 feet; of quick growth
The wood, though not fine-grained, is strong and tough.

Quercus Prinus, L.

The North American Swamp Oak. A tree, 90 feet high, available for
wet localities. Foliage deciduous. Wood strong and elastic of line
grain. A red dye is produced from the bark.

Quercus Robur, L. *

The British Oak, extending through a great part of Europe and
Western Asia, attaining a great age and an enormous size. Extreme
height, 120 feet. Two varieties are distinguished: — 1. Quercus
seiaUiJloru , Salisbury. The Durmast Oak, with a darker, heavier timber
more i lustic, less fissile, this tree is also the quickest of the two in
growth, and lives on poorer soil. Its bark is also richer in medicinal
dyeing and tanning principles. 2. Querius pedunculata, \\ illd. 'I bis
variety supplies most of the oak-timber in Britain for ship-building-
and is the Kst for bending under steam. It is also prefetred for
joiner’s work.

Quercus rubra, L.

Tiie Red Oak of North America. Height, 100 feet; diameter of sttm
4 feet. The wood is not of value; but the bark is rich iu tannin
Autumnal tint of foliage beautifully red.

Quercus semecarpifolia, Smith.

In the Himalayas. Height of tree often 100 feet: girth of st.-m
18 feet. It furnishes a first-class timber,

Quercus serrata, Thunberg.

One of the 23 known Japan Oaks. It yields the best food for th
oak silkworm [Bombyz Yamamai.) e

Quercus Sideroxylon, Humboldt.

Mountains of Mexico, at 8,000 feet elevation. An Oak of great •
of compact timber, almost imperishable in water. Q. laneeolai^n'
ehrysovhylla, Q. reticulata , (/. lauri/ia, Q. oltusata, Q.

Q. Xalapauis (Hiimb.) and Q. acutifcha (Nee), are among the ml™
other highly important timber Oaks of the cooler regions of Mexico ^

Quercus squamata, Roxburgh.

One of the tallest of the Himalayan Oaks. Wood lasting.

Querous Suber, L.»

The Cork Oak of South Eutope and North Africu; evergreen re
attains an age of fully 200 years. After about 20 years It , ' i
stripped of ils bark every 0 or 7 rears; but the best cork is nl? 1 - r
from trees over 40 years old. Height of tree about 40 feet V !imed
of a sweetish taste. ’ Acoms

56

Quereus Sundaica, Blume.

One of the oaks from the mountains of Java, where several other
valuable timber oakB exist.

Quereus Toza, Boso.

South Europe. One of the handsomest oaks, and one of the quickest of
growth. Foliage evergreen.

Quereus virens, L.*

The Live Oak of North America, evergreen, 60 feet high. Supplies a
most valuable timber for shipbuilding; it is heavy, compact, fine¬
grained ; it is moreover the strongest and most durable of all American
Oaks. Like <?. obtusiloba, Miohaux., it lives also on seashores, helping
to bind the sand, but it is then not of tali stature. Of many of the 600
Oaks of both the Western and Eastern portion of the Northern hemis¬
phere, the properties remained unrecorded and perhaps uuexatnined*
but it would he important to introduce as many kinds as possible for
local test-growth. The acorns, tvheu packed in dry moss, retain
their vitality for some mouths. The species with deciduous foliage are
not desirable for massive ornamental planting, because in this clime
they shed their dead leaves tardily daring the very time of our greatest
verdure.

Rhus vernicifera, Cand.

Extends from Nepal to Japan. It forms a tree of fair size, and yields
the Japan varnish.

Rhus suecedanea, L.

The Japan Wax tree, the produce of which has found its way into the
English market. The Sumach (Rhus coriaria, L.), and the Scotino
(Rhus Coliuus, L.), both important for superior tauning and for dyeing,
thrive here as well as in South Europe. They are more of shrubby
growth.

Robinia Pseudacaeia, L.

The North American Locust Acacia. Height to 90 feet. Tho strong
hard and durable wood is for a variety of purposis in use, and pat”
ticularly eligible for tree nails. The roots are poisonous. The allied
Robinia viscosa attains a height of 40 feet.

Sassafras officinale, Hayne,

The deciduous Sassafras tree, indigeuous from Canada to Florida, in
dry open woods. Height 60 feet; loaves lobed; wood and hark medici¬
nal, and used for the distillation of Sassafras oil.

Sophora Japouioa, L.

A tree of China and Japan, resembling the Laburnum, up to 60 feet
high; wood hard and compact, valued for turner’s work. All parts of
the plant purgative; the flowers rich in a yellow dye.

Salix alba, L*

The Huntingdon or Silky Willow of Europe and Middle Asia Height
80 feet, circumference of stem JO feet; wood light and elastic, available
for carpenters work and implements, hark for tunning. The golden
Osier (Salix citdlina , L.), is a variety. The shoots are°used for boons
and wickerwork. *

Salix Babylonica, Tournefort.

The Weeping Willow, indigenous from West Asia as far as Japan
Important for consolidating river banks.

of

Salix caprea, L.

The British Sallow or Hedge Willow; grows also to a tree ; wood useful
for handles and other implements, bark for tanning. It is the earliest
flowering willow.

Salix cordata, Muphlenb.

One of the Osiers of North America.

Salix daplinoides, Villars.

Middle Europe and Northern Asia, as far as the Amoor. A tree of
remarkable rapidity of growth, 12 feet in four years.

Salix fragilis, L.

The Crack Willow. Height 90 feet, stem to 20 feet in girth. A variety
of this species is the Bedford Willow, Salix ttusselliana, Smith, which
yields a light elastic tough timber, more tannin in its bark than oak,
and more salicine (a substitute tor quinine) than most congeners.

Salix lanceolata, Smith.

One of the Basket Willows, cultivated in Britain.

Salix lucida, Muehlenb.

One of the Osiers of North America.

Salix purpurea, L. •

Of wide range in Europe and West Asia. One of the Osiers.

Salix rubra, Hudson.

Throughout Europe, also in West Asia, and North Africa; is much
chosen for Osier beds. When cut down, it will make shoots 8 feet long
in a season.

Salix triandra, L.* (S. amygdalina, L.)

The Almond Willow, through nearly all Europe and cxtratropical Asia.
Height of tree 20 feet. Shoots 9 feet long, for hoops and white basket
work, being pliant and durable.

Salix viminalis, L.*

The common Osier of Europe and North Asia, attains the height of 30
feet. One of the best for wicker-work and hoops ; when cut it shoots
up to a length of 12 feet. It would lead too far to enumerate even the
more important willows all on this occasion. Professor Andersson, of
Stockholm, admits 158 species. Besides these, numerous hybrids exist.
Many of the taller of these willows could hero be grown to advantage.
Tilia Americana, L.

The Basswood tree or North American Linden tree, growing to 52°
North Latitude. Height of tree 80 feet, diameter of stem 1 feet; wood
pale and soft. Tilia heteroyhylla, Vent., the Silver Lime of’North
America, and Tilia Manchurica, Hupr., of Sooth Siberia might be tested.
Tilia Europtea, L.

The common Lime of Europe, extending naturally to Japan, tho large
leaved variety of South European origin. Height up to 120 feet
exceptionally 50 feet in girth. The wood pale, soft and close-grained’
Bought for turnery and carving; the bast excellent for mats. ’

Ulmus alata, Miehx.

ThcWhahoo Elm of North America. Height of tree 30 feet wood
fine-grained,

Ulmus Americana, L.

The White Elm of North America, a tree fond of moist river
100 tcot high; trunk 60 feet, 5 feet in diameter.

hanks,

58

Ulmua campestris, L *

The ordinary Elm, indigenous to South Europe and temperate Asia, as
far East ns Japan. Several maiked varieties, such as ihe Cork Elm
and VVycb Elm, exist. The Elnr in attaining an age of several centuries
becomes finally of enormous size. The wood is tough, hard, fim-grained,
and remarkably durable, if constantly under water; next to the Yew, it
is the best of European woods, where great elasticity is required, as for
archery bows. It is also used for keels, blocks aud wheels Bast tough.

Ulmua Floridana, Chapman.

The West Florida Elm, 40 feet high.

Ulmua fulva, Michx.

The Slippery or Red Elm of Notth America, 60 feet high; wood red,
tenacious.

Ulmus raoemoaa, Thomas.

The Cork Elm of North America.

For fuller information on trees, long known, refer to Loudon’s
Classic “ Arboretum ; ” also for many further details to Lindley’s
Treasury of Botany, to Asa Gray’s Manual, to Nuttall’s North
American Sylva, to Lawson’s Pine turn, and many local works;
also to the volumes of the Exhibitions of 1862 and 1867.

The trees marked with an asterisk * should receive prominent
attention in Victorian woodculture. The dimensions given are the
greatest, of which the writer could trace reliable records.

S11LLWKLL AND XMGI1T, PRINTERS, COLLIN8 STREET EAST, MELBOURNE*

'k

.