RR Www SS << \ \ A . \ \ \\ A MQ \\ RQ AK tty the, SS \ SS \N SS Ye Yi ty jy ty Yy Sy Y, ts ae S| a) a 4 ND vi ivy . Le | a iy | 2 Ve yh ‘ i : 7 pans _ An uf yy ‘ a 88 ‘ yi . j : U é ce I , ‘ a } , ‘ | vee et i im 4 Ne ye P bh ni i Te Tt : Mi SLATE OF NEW YORK FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CONSERVATION COMMISSION 1914. DIVISIONS OF LANDS AND FORESTS AND FISH AND GAME LIBRARY w WORK ALBANY J. B. LYON COMPANY, PRINTERS 1915 FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CONSERVATION COMMISSION 1914 AuBany, N. Y., January 15, 1915 Hon. Epwarp Scuorneck, Lieutenant Governor: Hon. Tuapprus C. Sweet, Speaker of the Assembly: GrNTLEMEN.— Herewith in accordance with law we transmit to the Legislature our Fourth Annual Report. Respectfully yours, CONSERVATION COMMISSION By ALBERT E. HOYT Secretary to the Commission STATE OF NEW YORK CONSERVATION COMMISSION GrorcE E. Van Kennen, Ogdensburg JOHN WO: Moorn;. New Yorke) esi.) 4% -s Commissioners Patsrox (HE. Mo@agn, Albamy..: 66. 6-% Jamus Je WoxBrooldlyr. tise toe Deputy Commissioner Aupurt EK. Hoyz, Albany.....,.. coeele Secretary to Commission Si Kens og (ise) chara sd 00 ay ol As 0) Gisneee ah ta Neg cme eA paca Assistant Secretary Richarp WSumrscan, Utica! 5 02h ke Chief Engineer Mattuew H. Hoover, Lockport........ Chief of Publication FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CONSERVATION COMMISSION 1914 TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE JANUARY 15, 1915 OUTLINE OF TOPICS DISCUSSED CONSERVATION VIRTUALLY SELF-SUPPORTING...... ccccccscccevccccccces The Conservation Commission for the past fiscal year turned into the State Treasury $381,000. The commercial value of the product of State fish hatcheries and game farm was $215,000. Total, $596,000; total departmental expenditures, $640,000. I THINGS ACHIEVED PROPAGATION MON HTS WAND GANG eee siaiaele tio todals le ncleletens si carer sNavelte jaiialfel ot eile es The average annual output of State fish hatcheries, 1911-14, was 821,420,- 366; in 1907-’10 it was 428,187,476. FIGHTING FOREST HWIRES..:.../:....). Peet el ccs Sia cy cratic eae SD ClO DICE A chain of mountain observation stations, equipped with telephone, detects fires at their inception.. There are 51 of these stations, two and one-half times as many as prior to 1911, when the Conservation Commis- sion was created. New Jersey, inadequately equipped with mountain sta- cera pad 200,000 acres, a tenth of its protected forest area, burned ast fall. USE oF OIL BURNING LOCOMOTIVES REQUIRED. Order of 1909 reaffirmed by the Public Service Commission last March. PREVENTABLE FIRES ........... : Hundreds of forest fires caused by carelessness of smokers, fishermen, campers and hunters each year. CONSERVATION IN Hoty WRIT New YorK’s Forest DOMAIN: FOREST REPRODUCTION..... Pe eta Pear R etn Trees planted on State land for the past four years number about one and one-half times the total so planted for eight years prior to 1911. Trees supplied for reforestation of private lands 1911-14, 10,000,000, about four times the total supplied for that purpose in all the years prior to 1911. Young trees now in State nurseries, 32,900,000, of which 10,000,000 are available for 1915 planting. CuBA RESERVOIR ELRESPASSWONe SLATE LAND ere walciere atau ouee laiaiaireieicehaitelte ven iotetanene ees ee MARS cot Less than $200 worth of timber was removed by trespass in 1914, Determined enforcement of the law and its penalties has made deliberate theft of forest timber practically a thing of the past. PROTECTION TOR PRIS Hi CAND i GrAMMRE go els cisiiarete cols: oie: si'el sycvere eres ego cuehtierelsnest stalls The protective field force successfully prosecuted 2,296 out of a total of 2,604 cases in 1914. ADDITIONAL PROTECTION Schedule of orders granted by the Commission under section 152 of the Conservation Law for additional protection of fish and game in various counties and localities. HUNTING ACCIDENTS OYSTER CULTURE, SANITARY INSPECTION, ETC MIGRATORY Birp LAw..... . [7] 1l 16 16 18 18 19 20 24 8 ANNUAL REpoRT OF THE CONSERVATION CoMMISSION PAGE WINION « \WWATER, DISTRICT: PROTECTS lo sche cicie se eiee oe Be eke aioe eLee eevee late PATE STREAMS SURVENYS ih er orsee relate rahe ue tetera tate ete ca aneetre oh smailel aloa exe peiaelalabay sion sseMettey"= 27 SUPERVISION JOVER DOCKS VAND OD AIMS > Gy ieee uit led tone is satan Petrataye later che ey cere 27 Tabular exhibit of 49 dams for which plans and specifications were approved by the Commission, 1914. Of five dams which failed during the year, four were built before the creation of this Commission ; the other one failed through lack of precaution to protect it against high water during construction. II THINGS TO BE ACHIEVED NEW YORK’S: WATER POWER RESOURCES..............-.-- BN segue ete agate 32 Approximately 1,000,000 h.p. developed and 1,500,000 h. p. undeveloped within the State. SIRE AEM EEG UE A DIO Nau ea- parva te aiei-ts 2, herve erent le ale eter raysvoe tt oak were 34 Sub-topics: Public Health, Safety and Welfare, page 37; Benefit to Mill Owner From Increase of Power, page 38; Cost to be Borne by the State and the Owner, page 39; Power of Eminent Domain Involved, page 40; Undeveloped Powers, Owned and Controlled by the State, page 41. ORTIZ TION SOR PH ORMGTS 0. fai ates urstoteie eos e iota sieya: a lets isvaticlere i Cara\sdate ey RMA a eee 43 Selective cutting and sale of ripe timber, without injury to the forests, will yield to the State $1,000,000 a year.. AG URTPAR TDD i SOP ART MEN Tes tericae satis stele eden eke nuete tele Siete demas LD ateians levers arcNe 44 Three divisions, each charged with duties relating to lands and forests, fish and game, or inland waters. The great problems of conservation are indissolubly interrelated; the forests and the waters depend the one upon the other, and the fish and game upon both. MEMORANDUM BY COMMISSIONER McCABE ON WATER POWER RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT ..........-0.- SS EL RCRA ty ORO ICIONG cu RAO BE ee Dt ton 46 REPORT OF CONSERVATION BUREAU, ATTORNEY-GENERAL’S OFFICE......... 53 Turing the year 109 cases were disposed of, 65 of which involved title to lands in the Forest Preserve. 5 RENANGIAL STATEMENT. 2s cc cise ss le arth tant ret aperan eta dSaN Nicavene te ee eteneter as ser IOS Showing in detail the receipts and expenditures of the Commission for the past fiscal year. STATE OF NEw YORK — IN ASSEMBLY JANUARY 18, 1915 FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CONSERVATION COMMISSION To the Legislature: The near approach of a convention to revise the Constitution of the State must focus attention upon the major problems of conservation as never before. The trend of legislation, not only at the session of 1915, but for years to come, will largely be determined by the debates of the Constitutional Convention and the popular discussions incident thereto. Twenty-one years have elapsed since last the State of New York undertook a general revision of its organic law. Boys who were in the cradle then, are voters now. Ideas which were in their infancy then, are in their maturity now; on the other hand policies then considered wise, are now abandoned and forgotten. At the present juncture in the world’s affairs, twenty-one years is a long time, and during such a period great changes occur in circumstance, in condition and in popular thought. Nowhere has this been more manifest than in the conservation movement; and nowhere is there greater opportunity for wise modification of [9] Ae 10 FourtH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE the fundamental law than in relation to certain of the phases thereof. At the same time, there are many aspects of conservation wherein the policy of the State is well defined and established ; such, for example, as the protection and reproduction of the forests, and the protection and propagation of fish and game. The difficulties met in dealing with these phases of conservation are the everyday problems, first of finding the necessary money, and second, of using it with good judgment guided by the light of experience. The drawbacks along these lines are such as per- tain to the whole State government. The calls upon the State for increased governmental activities are recurrent and numerous; but the people demand strict economy, and insist that the State must live within its means. To reconcile these conflicting de mands is a problem requiring wise statesmanship; but it is not peculiar to the field of conservation. CONSERVATION VIRTUALLY SELF-SUPPORTING While the production of revenue is not the major purpose of the conservation movement, nevertheless the Conservation Com- mission collects large sums which go to aid the public treasury. For the fiscal year ending September 30, 1914, the total receipts of this Commission turned into the State Treasury amounted to $381,116.86. This is a record, our total receipts for 1913 having been $316,407.87; for 1912, $256,002.84, and for 1911, $258,226.65. A conservative computation of the commercial value of the out- put of the fish hatcheries and the game farm, including brood stock, for the last fiscal year, would add $215,454.62 thereto. In other words, the Conservation Commission produced last year direct revenues of $381,000 plus an indirect value of $215,- 000, making a total in money or its equivalent of $596,000, as against a total departmental expenditure for all purposes of $640,000. Judged by the tests which would be applied to a private business, conservation virtually supports itself. CONSERVATION COMMISSION 11 I. THINGS ACHIEVED Conservationists may congratulate themselves that some things are settled, and settled right. Everybody to-day believes that the State’s remaining wild life should be conserved, through the establishment of close seasons and the employment of an adequate protective force. Some may hold that there should be a longer open season for this species or a shorter open season for that, but upon the broad general prin- ciple of thorough and efficient protection of fish and game public sentiment is a unit and the policy of the State is not subject to change. PROPAGATION OF FisH AND GAME So too as to propagation of fish and game. The State is com- mitted to the policy of establishing and operating sufficient fish hatcheries to restock its waters. In this line of endeavor New York is far ahead of any of the sister states; and within the past two years the Legislature has made appropriation for the exten- sion thereof through the purchase and equipment of two new hatcheries. This Commission since its creation in 1911 has made every effort to increase the number and species of aquatic animals propagated from the various State hatcheries, and has on the aver- age made a much greater distribution than ever before, reaching the maximum in 1913, when the total number distributed was 1,287,255,120. During the last fiscal year, with materially re duced funds for maintenance, but with additional hatchery activities imperatively required, we were able to propagate and distribute 566,543,016 fish. Of the 1,287,255,120 hatchery output for 1913, 520,000,000 were edible blue crab fry. The year in question (1913) is the only one in which this species has been at all extensively propa- gated. In 1908 there was an output of 4,500,000 blue crab fry and 6,000 adults; in 1910, 56,000,000 fry and 7,500 adults; in 1912, 2,000 adults. The hatchery output for 1914 (566,543,016) was about five or six-sevenths of the normal output for the past four years. The run of blue crabs is extremely variable; in 1913 it was phenomenal, while in 1914 it was not as great as usual. ihe FourtH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE The following tabular comparison shows the output of the State fish hatcheries for the four-year period beginning with 1911, and the four-year period immediately prior thereto: Total output from State hatcheries: LOLA ee shed eae yer te enna ee Ann I 701,448,394 LOND es Crys OGL ve VERE Me Mae Es oe 730,434,933 TOUS aoe ee en oe Ran ee cea ey a an 1,287,255,120 TEE Ua THe a SMAI esata 8 Rl Mec a aoe ia 566,543,016 Average output per annum, four years, 1911-1914 821,420,366 SS SS SS SS DSO eet Suen mes Me aie ap are ire 8 250,656,600 LOMB nice na snk cons Nene unre Marne ait et 394,520,106 POOOR MEG Mine yi ce DAD site eh LR 3 530,277,221 2H OH ISG OU Ss Coe REA et Mo EAT Ret eagN 537,295,975 Average output per annum, four years, 1907-1910 428,187,476 The State game farm established some years ago in Chenango county has been remarkably successful. During the past fiscal year there were distributed therefrom 2,949 pheasants and 31,096 pheasant eggs. The Legislature of 1914 provided for the pur- chase and equipment of two new game farms, one to be located in Jefferson county, and one on Long Island. Land has been se- cured for the Jefferson county farm, and it will be in operation in the near future. For the proposed Long Island game farm the Commission has selected a tract of 139 acres in the town of Brookhaven, considered to be well adapted to the purpose. The ‘Long Island game farm will, it is expected, be in operation by spring. Figutine Forest Fires Equally well established is the policy of the State in protecting its forests from fire and against trespass, or theft of timber. New York today protects against fire some 7,270,000 acres, of which the State owns 1,820,000. The system of fire protection now in operation in this State is thoroughly modern and effective. The installation of a chain of mountain observation stations, each hav- CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 13 ing its watchman, equipped with telephone, has largely solved the problem. By detecting forest fires at their inception and com- municating with the source of danger it is possible to overcome them before great loss can occur. In 1914 the total number of mountain observation stations is 51 In 1910 the total number of mountain observation stations ARIES) BA SDs IRR A ALA Ge GSU OLR A eee nS NL 20 ereasewim installation Pont OMA ie aC Wi alana Aa 31 In other words, there are two and one-half times as many mountain observation stations installed today as there were four years ago. Of these 51 mountain stations, 49 were operated dur- ing the 1914 fire season. The State has recently experienced three severe forest fire years, 1908, 1908 and 1913. The present up-to-date system of fighting forest fires was not installed until after the year 1908; there- fore, the following table of comparison is germane as well as instructive : Damage caused Cost of by forest fires Acres burned extinguishing SUSIE ee Be Ot EE ee $864,082 464,189 $153,763 95 WOO Se tak alive 802,135 368,072 189,661 51 EONS mares sal atonaatit as 51,445 54,796 43,203 20 During the past year the total area burned by forest fires was 138,837 acres; total damage, $14,905; cost to extinguish, $13,978.18; total number of fires of all kinds, 415. The question the mountain observation station must answer is, Does it detect fires in time to avert damage or greatly lessen it? In the light of experience, the answer must be affirmative. The system is no longer an experiment. It has stood the test; it has proved its worth. The total number of fires reported in 1908 was 605; in 1913, 688. All fires discovered, no matter how small, were required to be reported in 1913; some small fires which burned less than an acre were not reported in 1908. There were more fires in 1913 than in 1908. There were seven-eighths as many railroad fires in 1913 as in 1908 — 78 as against 89. In the 89 railroad fires in 1908, the average acreage burned was 1,601 acres; average FourtH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE 14 8a108 Egg‘CT OZI} 82108 066'T 61 89108 FCS LT 9G | 82108 6EF 6 80108 ZEF FI | set0e ZIZ‘GL 00T S108 09S SL | 8e10B TLFZrT 68 Bolly ‘ON eoly ‘ON §4U90 F'T §}U00 Z2 queo sed 19 80108 000‘OL3‘L quad Jed FF 88108 O9LEFF'S £9$ €1e$ £06 EFS 199°681$ CL$ 928‘T$ CHP IS$ CET‘ZOs$ s010B 6) 89108 809 89108 961‘FS $9108 Z0‘89E 889 G09 E16I 806T avax ee eee een ene eae eee eee ©: @) 08: a) 91se) 0) el (ania ie le oe oes) 0) B68) 8) Je bite teuace lene 008) (ais eee ee eeee . eee ete ee o- a ee ewww es ene a rr i er Cr et ee eee cee 1hOO CC ee ee Ocul 5 eee ee . oe eee CEO OM Oe Deo Oro We eevee eeeeee oe eee ee we Cary Ce titer ety eee oe oe oe ee oe eeee . oe eee ee peyBilominus jou CRON Tieth Once Cy seer eee eee Ce : SasNvd II IOULY —'2}0N sfoss* pasnvs UseUlIeYsiy sreess pasneo suruqyysry ser eeess pasnes silepzUNyT “ts ** pasnevd spvolplrey "++ *qorpoeqord 10y a108 szad 4809 peuing Bele JO "Jue. Iq aedohelelaberta poeqoeq01d Boly “***SIMSUIyXd 0} 4800 BsBIBAY ES 0} soinqyripuedxo [e40J, sseerescoay rad osemeqg aia) ie sis) aeneess) eseulep 1®40], ‘aig dod vole osvloaAy "***pauing BdIe [8ZOT, ce" ""soly JO 1oqmnu [JOT ET aa SSS SS SSS SSS SSS SSS ES SSS ST €I6l AGNV 8061 ‘SHUM LSHUOA FO NOSIUVdWOO CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 15 damage, $3,802. In the 78 railroad fires in 1913, the average acreage burned was three acres; average damage, $7. Oil-burning locomotives, which were not in use in 1908, were used on about a quarter of the mileage in the fire towns in 1913. The reduction in total area burned, from 368,072 acres in 1908 to 54,796 acres ~ in 1913; from an average area per fire of 608 acres to 79 acres; from a total damage of $802,135 to $51,445; from an average damage per fire of $1,326 to $75; from a total cost to extinguish of $189,661 to $43,203; from an average cost per fire of $313 to $63; from a percentage of protected area burned of four and two- fifths per cent. to seven-tenths of one per cent.; from a cost per acre for protection of two and one-fifth cents to one and two-fifths cents — all this must largely be attributed to the improved methods of preventing and detecting forest fires employed in 1913, but not in use in 1908. The mountain observation system is now in use by the United States government, in several of the States, and in Canada. Of the important States, New Jersey alone lacks a full equipment of mountain stations. New Jersey last fall suffered the destruction by fire of 200,000 acres — one tenth of its protected forest area. Usr or O1t-Burninc Locomotives REQUIRED In March last, the New York Central and Hudson River Rail- road Company petitioned the Public Service Commission for relief from an order made by that Commission on April 1, 1909, which required the use of oil-burning locomotives on day trains operated during the fire season upon the Adirondack lines. This petition was based upon grounds of economy, the railroad company alleging that to burn oil in its locomotives involved an increased expendi- ture per annum of about $90,000; furthermore, it was asserted that an improved type of coal-burning locomotive, perfected since 1909, could safely be relied wpon to prevent the escape of sparks, coals, and cinders. The granting of this application was strongly opposed by the Conservation Commission, with the co-operation of the Association for the Protection of the Adirondacks, the Empire State Forest Products Association, the International Paper Company, and others. It was demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Public Service Commission that in view of the disastrous results of rail- road fires in the past, the public interests involved were too vast 16 FourtH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE to permit of experiment, and that the preservation of the forests was of far greater moment than economy in railroad operation. The application was therefore denied. PREVENTABLE FIRES Statistics for the year 1918 are pertinent as indicating the dam- age done by preventable fires: Number Acres Mecatee Fires caused by of fires burned daswovod Smokersiacosie ee eae haa: fc 224 7,539 $9,910 PIS eMmMel sy aye ees erate 120 15,683 6,962 EEN OH 005 eon eal me race ART MnO 64 398 1,805 12 Doha rete stele amb tee od seg ea bk EAS lt AOL nol 439 Oar The figures vary from year to year, but the proportion remains relatively the same. No statute, no order or regulation by a com- mission, can guard the forests against wanton carelessness; no vigilance of forest ranger or mountain observer can undo the mischief, once done. Of all men, the camper, the hunter, or the fisherman, should be the last to put the great “ popular playground” in jeopardy through preventable fires. CoNSERVATION IN Hoty Writ Among the judgments which the Lord commanded Moses to set before the chosen people, in the wilderness, was the following (Exodus xxii, 6): “Tf fire break out, and catch in thorns, so that the stacks of corn, or the standing corn, or the field, be consumed there- with, he that kindled the fire shall surely make restitution.” New Yorxk’s Forest Domain Of the 1,820,000 acres of land owned by the State, and located chiefly in the Adirondack and Catskill Parks, about 769,139 acres were acquired by purchase, and the remainder chiefly by tax sales or by the direct appropriation thereof. Of the State’s land holdings, about 70,000 acres are virgin forest; about 1,430,- 000 acres are cutover lands with commercially valuable tree CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 1% growth; about 200,000 acres are lands under water, while the remaining 120,000 acres are waste and denuded lands. Twenty million dollars would be a conservative estimate of the commercial value of New York’s Forest Preserve. Forrest REPRODUCTION In order to conserve this vast forest domain for future ‘genera- tions to enjoy, the Conservation Commission has sought not only to reforest the waste and denuded lands owned by the State itself but to aid and encourage reforestation of privately owned lands adjacent thereto. The advancement made in reforestation in this State during the period since the creation of the Conservation Commission, in 1911, may fairly be compared with the two four-year periods next preceding that year, as follows: 1903-6 1907-10 1911-14 Trees planted on State Fades ho ie ananaa tae 577,955 1,341,205 2,636,650 Trees supplied for pri- vate planting ...... None 2,712,750 10,480,843 Trees given to State WUSHUUIEIOIS 3 ay o's cic Se None 17,350 2,263,775 In less than four years the Conservation Commission has planted on denuded State lands about one and one-half times the total planted for eight years prior to its creation. Moreover, during the same period this Commission has supplied for the re- forestation of private lands some 10,000,000 young forest trees, about four times the number furnished for that purpose in all the years prior to 1911. During the past year the total number of trees planted on State land was 1,094,150; trees given to State institutions, 908,025; trees sold to private owners, 2,609,863. There are today in our State tree nurseries 32,900,000 young trees, of which 10,000,000 are available for 1915 planting. In regard to all this, the State policy is beyond peradventure settled; no one objects to the State’s “‘ going into the tree busi- ness”’; not even the most pronounced individualist finds it too 18 FourrH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE paternalistic or socialistic for the State to supply trees at cost to private owners and free of charge to State institutions. During the past year the State has bought 1,711 acres of forest land. This purchase was an inheritance due to the final perfecting of title to tracts contracted for by our predecessors. The purchase of forest lands is today suspended, through lack of funds available therefor. Cusa RESERVOIR The Legislature, in 1913, committed to this department the administration of the Cuba Lake Reservoir in Allegany county, formerly a part of the canal system of the State. This commis- sion has instituted a system of leasing lands adjacent to the reser- voir for use as summer homes and for agricultural purposes and has received from the lessees a total of $2,642.20, of which $2,141.20 was received and turned into the State Treasury during the fiscal year covered by this report. It is our plan next spring to plant trees and make other betterments to this property which will not only improve its appearance but enhance its value. TRESPASS ON STATE LAND The great betterment of conditicns as to trespass on State land and timber thievery cannot be more clearly shown than through tabular comparison covering the years just preceding, and the years subsequent to the creation of the Conservation Commission in 1904: Geert 2h otainecal tts ce eae OOO aac sade ater ata tote a, oie 83 $39,063 07 $470 64 EP nace nite ereueget st es foe 104 20,054 29 192 82 11 3 Gl SL Aaa cd AL Naa 46 1,499 20 32 59 1S )5 URE ara ees eR 27 502 23 18 60 eS eM OLE 2 (on Oc Saat, ibs silo ape 16 2,008 25 125 51 EYEE Seer aa) seh ve fous tote 14 157 42 11 24 ee ————— This unprecedented showing of removal by trespassers of less than two hundred dollars’ worth of timber last year has not oc- curred by chance. It has been brought about by determined en- forcement of the law and insistence on penalties. Today it may CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 19 fairly be said that deliberate theft of State timber is a thing of the past. Practically all trespasses now arise through honest dispute over boundary lines. The day has gone by, let us hope never to return, when private interests could make comfortable arrangements with the State permitting them to cut off all the valuable timber on condition that they should leave the State in undisturbed possession of the denuded lands and the privilege of paying taxes and upkeep thereon. A decision but lately made by the Court of Appeals in the famous Santa Clara land case, which had been in litigation for a decade, establishes the principle persistently asserted by this Commission, that the State cannot be divested of title to its forest lands save through the courts only; that no public official can stipulate or barter or give away the State’s rights of ownership therein. This momentous decision should never be weakened, cheapened or surrendered through official complaisance or popular indifference or forgetfulness of the past. PrRorecTIon oF FisH AND GAME By chapter 312 of the Laws of 1912, a codification of the fish and game laws prepared by this Commission, the game protective torce of the State was materially enlarged and strengthened. The total number of game protectors thereby provided was 125, an increase of thirty. Last year the Conservation Law was further amended so as to give twenty more game protectors, but the Legislature failed to make appropriation for the new men. The reorganization made by this Commission has divided the State into twelve protective divisions, the protectors in each dis- trict to report to a division chief and he in turn, through the Chief Game Protector, to the Commission. One hundred regular game protectors and five fisheries protectors constitute the field force. While inadequate to police such a State as New York against violators of the Conservation Law, the protective field force has rendered efficient service, as shown by the following comparative figures: 1911 1912 1913 1914 Cases prosecuted by protectors.... 1485 1695 2622 2604 Successful prosecutions .......... 1321 1499 2333 2296 20 Fourtu ANNUAL REPORT OF THE It may be argued that number of arrests made by a game pro- tector is not the ideal test of efficiency; in other words, that the desideratum is a condition wherein there would be no arrests, because none would be necessary. It may be argued, too, that “a little brief authority’ sometimes makes men unreasonable and even tyrannical and that in given instances a game protector may have used his power arbitrarily, oppressively, or even cor- ruptly. Nevertheless, in this year of grace it will scarcely be maintained that if there were no arrests, it would mean that there were no lawbreakers; and the figures show so close an approximation of convictions to arrests as to disprove any allegation, if such there be, of extensive abuse of power by the game protectors. A jury may refuse to convict where an officer feels constrained to arrest. ADDITIONAL PROTECTION Among the new powers vested in the Conservation Commission by the Laws of 1912 was that of granting additional protection, beyond that given by the Conservation Law, to any species of fish or game, whenever disease, danger of extermination, or other like cause, may warrant such precautionary measures. The Com- mission has been frequently called upon to exercise this authority and by reason thereof has held numerous public hearings through- out the State which have demonstrated widespread popular inter- est in the problems of conservation. At the present time (January, 1915) the following additional protection orders are in force and during the periods stated and in the localities severally named all taking is prohibited as to the species named : CoNSERVATION COMMISSION SPECIES County Period Pheasants........... Eerkimereaseas seta Two years...... IBheasantat. patriots OtBe OW ae eR ee Two years...... Pheasants soit. <.-: Delaware sae wins seals ee Two years...... IBheasantshee ata ree C@henanpojrtyaane eke less Two years...... Pheasantsin-e). e150 - Oneida eae sete oi. Two years...... Pheasants! cay. cr oe Montgomenyere ee ee Two years...... Pheasants! o.¢.c2 2.2 WAS Sraice NP ete eho ees Two years...... Pheasants 05 ses Wisshin clones cere nine: Two years...... Phessants2).2.5 200. se IVVATON seen eRe IN De Two years...... Pheasants. ..2... .\cayh Schenectady sae eaten Two years..>... Phessanteeneenc ne ose Sila wrencenae eer rian ence Two years...... Pheasantseasechcitsis Bram kliner ghee a eo Two years...... Pheasants... :)....5. Clinton S sac ee eee Two years...... Pheasantseese oe ee ISSO Ayes setts 2 bh ian a hea ci Two years...... pheasants= ss ces ci HAM Go siya areal acne eta hm bo Two years...... Pheasants = 9 he.jeet ce Cattaraugus) ses ee a Two years...... IP Reasants eye cey-r se Chantauquaryis see nee see Two years...... iPheasantsee cease foe HLM O Pa eet Sa ar Tee ate tol Two years...... Ruffed grouse........ Gonesees i, Sec Ses a cer Two years...... Black, gray and fox squirrels. . MEW NG ONIESEC 045 2% bin hem a Me Re Two years...... Cotton tail rabbits. Bp PRMICHIMON Gare eis eee Oct. 1 to Nov. 14, and Jan. 1 to erie lash ob ¢ blacks bassaryseia ee Lake Erie and Niagara river.| June 16 to June BO era: Black bass. /-)- 2). 4% Schroon and Paradox lakes.| June 16 to July AUST ees estat een Black bass..........| All waters in the towns of Chester, Horicon and Johnsburg, Warren Co...| June 16 to July LA Pike and pike-perch..} Butterfield Lake, Jefferson County.. Sh .| Tip-ups pro- hibited....... Bass, pike, pickerel, perch and bullheads.| Grass Lake, towns of Alex- andria and Rossie, coun- ties of St. Lawrence and Jettersonee ms cae cen Taking through the ice pro- hibited. . . 21 Expire Oct. 1, 1916 Oct. 1, 1916 Oct. 1, 1916 Oct. 1, 1916 Oct. 1, 1916 Oct. 1, 1916 Oct. 1, 1916 Oct. 1, 1916 Oct. 1, 1916 Oct. 1, 1916 Oct. 1, 1916 Oct. 1, 1916 Oct. 1, 1916 Oct. 1, 1916 Oct. 1, 1915 Oct. 1, 1915 Oct. 1, 1915 Oct. 1, 1915 Oct. 1, 1916 Oct. 1, 1916 In force un- tilrevoked In force un- til revoked June 15,1917 June 15,1917 Jan. 1, 1917 Jan. 1,'1917 22 FourtH Annual. REPORT OF THE Hountine ACCIDENTS During the 1914 deer season, there were but five deer hunting accidents, three of which were fatal. Not one of these victims, so far as any evidence shows, was mistaken for a deer. Two killed were so mistaken in 1913, out of total hunting fatalities of nineteen that year. Seventeen minor hunting accidents occurred in 1914 in the pursuit of small game. The State of New York issues every year more than 200,000 licenses to hunt and pursue game and so far no law has been devised which limits or can limit the use of firearms to those who by experience, temperament and sobriety are at all times fit to use them, without peril to themselves and others. Taking these facts into account, this year’s record as to hunting accidents might easily be worse. Nor is there reason to doubt that the so-called “ buck law” has proved a conservator of human life and has averted many a tragedy of the North Woods. OysTER CULTURE, SANITARY INSPECTION, ETc. This Commission is charged by law with specific duties of bac- teriological inspection of shellfish grounds; but adequate per- formance thereof is impossible because of failure to make the needful appropriation therefor. By working with the oyster- growers and co-operating with them in securing, so far as may be, the elimination of sewage and other unwholesome conditions, and by collaborating with the public health departments of State and nation, we have been able to accomplish results alike for the oyster industry and the consumer.. But we respectfully request the Legislature either to give us funds for bacteriological examina- tions, or, if such examinations are deemed unnecessary, to amend the law and do away with a situation unfair alike to the public, tc this Commission, and to the oyster-growers, whereby we stand charged with grave responsibilities relative to the public health while denied the means requisite for the discharge thereof. The ultimate cost of such examinations, we may add, is imposed by statute upon the oyster industry and not upon the State. The Conservation Commission through its Bureau of Marine Fisheries is engaged in making a systematic canvass among the CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 23 oyster-growers to determine the number of men, number of boats, and amount of money engaged in the oyster industry in the State of New York. These facts, which will soon be collated, will be of great value for departmental purposes and will serve as a basis for constructive legislation. An enormous and unprecedented set of young oysters on public lands at this time promises to yield a great revenue to the “ free baymen.” It is the duty of the Conservation Commission to safeguard the right of these “free baymen,” growers who have leased lands from the State. We renew our recommendation previously made for the repeal of the archaic and conflicting legislative enactments, dating from 1866 to 1910, whereby certain towns in Long Island have been given the right to lease lands under water within the town limits. Practically all the Atlantic and Gulf states have done away with local regulation and established the principle of concentrated con- trol by the State of the leasing of oyster lands. New York should not lag behind the sister states in this important matter. The balance sheet of the Bureau of Marine Fisheries for the past fiscal year makes a good showing. Its receipts exceed those of 1913 by $6,403.89, and during the year 3,834.2 acres of oyster land have been leased, an increase over 1913 of 1,638.6 acres. as well as of the Mieratory Birp Law We again urge that the State law and the federal regulations relative to migratory birds be made consistent with one another. Efforts to this end unfortunately failed in the closing hours of the last Legislature. Steps since taken by the United States authorities have measurably improved the situation, but there still remains conflict in certain particulars. This should not be. It needlessly confuses the law-abiding and affords a pretext to the lawless. The principle of federal protection to migratory birds is sound and undebatable and is everywhere accepted by true conservationists. The differences between the State law and the federal regulations are neither many nor difficult to reconcile. 24 FourtH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE APPORTIONMENT OF WATER SUPPLY During the past year, increased activity in waterworks con- struction has resulted in a large number of applications to this Commission for approval of water supply projects. Frequent complaints as to rates and service, both of waterworks corpora- tions and of municipalities, have continued to evince a popular de- mand for State supervision and regulation thereof. One hundred sewerage and drainage projects, having received the approval of the State Department of Health, were submitted to this Commission for approval, the great majority whereof have been decided favorably. The work of the Conservation Commission in equitably appor- tioning the State’s water supply resources among the inhabitants thereof is briefly indicated by the table hereto annexed: CoNSERVATION COMMISSION FIGI ‘6 “3dag PIGBI ‘Gz “3deg PI6I ‘21 [ady FI6I ‘6 “3deg PIGI ‘61 API SI6I ‘OT “29d SI6I ‘SZ “AON SI6I ‘SI “2°90 Berth Oncaea FIGI 3 eune’ poaoiddy Bice) preven twice are FI6I TT ouns poaoiddy er Pann ae FIGI ‘6 Avy poaoiddy Rae ey xcotektnt FIGI ‘ST ABI poaoiddy Pike ees “ZI6I Fi Judy poaoiddy Srermmerelotenarore FIGL ‘QT ABN poaoiddy eo OO Pe mcs FI6L ‘QT AVN poaoiddy a: ayer) aifolelre ane FIGI ‘QT ART poaoiddy Owe Dao cog Loup Hae chapeau Ont Oana o Suipueg Buco ete elrel etre) 1G) Bie) 0) (O) of, 8), 0| <6), 0.0) 1ea0l 6) apie suripueg ieasaan ete s vie FIGL ‘6Z ‘ues posaoiddy p\iej-emey eee) 96) ele FIGI "iL suns posaoiddy Bee cpa netianvesl ents S16 “Te ‘09, poaoiddy ee Coc ot ety ue PIGI ‘eT uel poaoiddy Sere oe seer “61 IVI poaoiddy 2 0 Ue eweuece wea televise pie ie) a ona ees sutpueg Wives) fe) wi (eye band he eae ewe eens) b ele Ee aise surpus, dd strane cusasgn cee PIGT ‘oy, Avy, poqoofayy SO Aa atta fo PII ST ACT poaoiddy ayeiedo 04 pula uorysordds jo uortsodsicy PI6I oy) ABIN < 0.6-0 @ the G0 ee 8 e.0 ate 0 © be 0-6-6" e, 60°03 0.6.0 0 2.0 © 0 6 fe asnovihg 4seq jo ODRTILA FI6L ‘QZ Judy @ Dice: Bee a Scene eee Peres cucts a et Wen ere eee eee: (uor1yvordde puooes) uOIq,V jo OSRIILA PI6I ‘9 Judy sive os: .6 en Be 54 2h te. sos ih ee he, he ne Keke. 8) ibis ket aieive “Snel Offa 4o1a4stp I09@M az001g Giteyel FIG “V6 “IVI & 0. be lee. se eo eee" ene le:hel etye rte le suieteue, ace: «) el: e plein) bee. se) ehaliet VEL yiodyary jo OBR A FI6I Sz "qoy Pale cece ae tee a) ova 'e le) Cite et we: Baye. Aceon te cleeste we feel Gola rele, wen ae etn SLOT jo OBRTILA, PI6L ‘OL "qa,7 piveyeucratTete. ia 6) le.6) Greve eiveyie epie\mi.e pects e-tib is-efane Wine Cun te we hie all UlPJUCLT jo OBeTILA, PFI6I eT “qoyT eo) ace 6) se 6 at 'Sal6; ere tevfumel Geta As Ae ecaTer burke nepale GhAde ni) sm aPaweniane UlPYUCIT jo aSeTILA FI6I ‘9 “qaiy ae ridl (e\/u tee (bai cw:.eu(s\iehalleu(arfe. le (@ a5) a (ee) ela enemeree ee) el « m0lyR41g a][IA19} 090, jo aBRIIIA FI6L ‘oe uve aaa 6 ete, 6 0.6 b)ee)s 6) @ 6 6s ec, uae weeks ws ielw Sele abet se anes emul eo /etete ts Aoupig jo OSBTILA FIG 9 uve Gubvis/évelp shee 6) eebie) biiviaal sels elise 8 Sant ececuduhe «| a) Sele) bene uOUI9 A qUNoyy jo AYO FI6I oy uve apacele cele @ saya ue Suse erw Be she) en (bse a2e aoe seen nele qoliystp I0j@M 490.148 INA) TAL i eee ies ee eae (uo1yeordde [eyuawoddns) yorystp 109% WOsUeIT]I M SI6I ‘pb 09] el alg) oufeleienSptel, eve pnnewe Tefen als eirarce (a), aes we sicasl i) an6 Pech ecole eee ate 40L19SIp 109@M UOSUIBTIL AA S161 ‘9 ‘AON eet Oye (eee 6 (0 lene 0) -s, Ulm OuNusliuceaus ee; bee 16 leh 6.08 Je) 6) (626 180! 09 I9y8 suLidg uBajAg eIl6l ‘9 ‘AON v9! bi.6 wile c6) ee ten dieing) (e came, oMbTO Hhe- bb. ee) Ge. iP O86) Cree ie eb flees qold4sIp I9}8M UI[ULR FT be UD) a ey ie be 8 6” 6 te cie is re we (be: 0! baw Gor 6. aliens Be fete 676 (6) 6! 6 (6:70 16 er 6) 1676:"0 (68 6) Bes Ae wG: Geeta ts 9IS!T jo OSETIA Coe ee a 6 ee) ed) & Ole fe. bee ecel(e ee be pee: efay Bb: (e.b.(¢ .b:\elbli © G%s)'e ce) eleseerere ener Ceres ia rare © S19 UO XK jo AYO CPL i aa bed Say A be PTC ae eat eee Paya Sica Sic a yee Jaren eC Jer Pa iL et ae) ed UAC) a[epsurm100;q jo aDR]ILA AE ROSE AC RORIT Chraall ec ERE aes hs PO OUT Pree 09 SYIOM 109 \\ VOTH YOLATOAL eA ROME Ghd CoP MCR R Cas Tid ene Miah on Domo uae qoL|SIp 10yVM WOLIe TY €L0cere) wee ever eee (fee. BD aifele: eer. w: mile! foie) ete) B, funn Ue) hue 16116, iie eee wel >) tah ee a (je1yzed) OOIXO TT jo OSRIILA Whee) end. we W ee) 61! il Lene ere! pire retrenh Jeveme ele) Sable 006 e880) b 0 8. Hib. wink & WOO CN Np Menus PregurAy 4So\\ jo ase] A SE a RA ARE Br get MRE SERRE En A a eC ee ym es Sn OOF JoL}SIp 1OVVM PUpPVy\ PLOT pet VGN | cee eae ees ee es (uonvordds jeyuewsrddns pary}) yaodyoourg jo o8vy[I A ey Gone weve) fepeyiener al. fire) ‘wollen a, mie ceienwt epee ee) fevie wane te etn awh nelle, (Arer0dure4) yaodyooig jo OSRIILA Ae pate cm is) Pree Rl ine ht eit a dn he MO EE CIR ener Se qola}sIp 10yBM SNPog BSF ele ee ee teva) e 6 fle) © ere, 030) 0 ie wed (ie (bees el Bike nets en ele ete ova es leew UNAS WED Slee uopAo'T 410g jo OSeTILA ee ee Ue Bob 6 be. Lied ue eubanb) hip verh ete bone ent avec sues varu Oe Mees (ae Aueduro0y I9YB AA UIMp|® gq COLO ROG sour iso cin.| Ported OD titolo Owy GLa Old Dey Orie ciao so0.mos Ayunoo ypoyng-AyID yso X MONT Poly uonvorddy FourtH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE 26 Se eae a a ac a Stage teian cake saeratas ae [en eeaisouedeeeleneien sysuhy ons paves ace, vines Surpusg Renee Sit.n. ceo rnernmaiel (cep ig Secagahan PIGL ‘6z “ydag poaoiddy SIC OC CHE OND CEOROACRE Rae 1] Raho-catoen Oicrenan chucoeciecuas eo cope Cait Surpueg OREO UE Ch | PeenecioncOOnd 1G FI6L og qdag posoiddy TIT PaO ORO AOI TA 1 KOR eC MOT CE ONO Oman aoe CerrnEd Surpueg Me casas bekeirae sicher ames | remahelisrrey es cons euish steel nite gavalfoNaptete nevis Surpueg eiel chedcunrs sic iehee pan |ftr ake a Terehel.e) are FI6I ‘8 “4daq poaoiddy CONCH Decne Darts =, || Ososcce hipaa. eons FI6I ‘0% ‘sny poaoiddy Sate er aretss ball for paste ameney scene ne Tokens ef aren shauntiensize Suripuog ofa G-aicathcRenthseen &_— | ioeaecrO-o OL Ge FI6BI 8 qydag poaoiddy | SCRE Osta Ca ae mr eres ROW mace. my cecl cere Cacia nen OR) cen \OMEC IR PORL Surpusg O00 DOs Oo tere 6 oe @\ @ 0,» ©, (8) 0) a) 606 TIGL aa oune peaoiddy neat heusiensriarscatecetnnl|(oemenel sieteelen eis FI6I ‘g oune poaoiddy 678.19d0 04 uolyvordde jo uorjzisodsiq, quad PIGI ‘21 “¥dag FIGI ‘2 “Sny FIGI ‘FI ‘any FI6I ‘T PI6I ‘Ia Ame PI6I ‘9 Ane PIGI ‘2% ounr FI6I ‘8 ung PI6I ‘Z oune FI6I ‘G oune FIGL (9S ABN FIGI ‘Oz API PIGI ‘02 API peg uoreorddy 6 es 0-8 se 6b Soe 6 pc ene ein le ele rirtrt tess sss s+ ATUOH WO Jo aFeyIA *ishe}i4rie)ipire. [eirere)\ejrele cea) aiiviseNataleXe 401 aystp 10}8M PBOYY aspryy ‘ 909014) jo uUMO NG BEC: Wt MC TEONC TA ate Le ey oytAsuyor 49 jo OSBTILA ole le letiapireleliaie ei ful]eq jo OBBTILA slididsist,d) evecare: /e!siakajtels, lel-e tees ai ey lehutionenters veltbw eT elipanite) a SII, A 8 sosurdde M jo ose]IL A “**-sordeny JO oSeTILA "+ -9uy “OD 1098 SMQshrV A. 9 "r+ SuOATT JO oBB]ILA, Ba) epielafe've) et si.o/q, e\ 0") 41s (elsjlelinienelietsl «/isielsieins so0inos alreyoyog-A4ID yi0 x MON OLeostan ceo rmucrp G rtrOn) asctng oo Lote Gicotal is) age).ejete p) a Le * 4O1d}SIp Ioyem peeqs0any "9s sqarTAray@ MA JO A4ID “++ “QoLI4SIp J9yBM ONUGAB GOIUOP ao eMaxpavakel"dh dis selial sre (Le; anetelepulecetelin) @velatnietets anet oiaksie sche Zyeq MONT jo oseTILA GANVN CoNSERVATION COMMISSION DAR Union Water District Provgects Acting under the provisions of chapter 233 of the Conservation Law, the cities of Cohoes and Watervliet, together with the vil- lage of Green Island and the town of Waterford, on June 23, 1913, organized the Charlton Union Water District. Thereupon the Commission through its chief engineer caused careful ex- aminations and surveys to be made, and designed a gravity water supply system with filtration, together with maps, plans and esti- mates for a complete water supply, and on June 15, 1914, made its report to the Charlton Union Water District. The Commis- sion is convinced that the best interests of the municipalities in- corporated in the Charlton Union Water District would be sub- served, as to their public water supply, by the carrying out of the Charlton Union Water District project. We believe that the pro- visions of the Conservation Law for Union Water Districts will be of very great value when its features are more generally under- stood. STREAM SURVEYS Power surveys have been made on the Saranac river, the Raquette river and the Schoharie creek, and partly as to the St. Regis river. It is intended to make a separate pamphlet re- port, on the lines of the Oswegatchie report published last year, as to each of these important streams, and also to include the same information in the bound annual reports of the Commission. SuPERVISION OveR Docks Anp Dams By an amendment to section 22 of the Conservation Law enacted in 1914, all the docks of the State, excepting those form- ing a part of the canal system and those under the jurisdiction of a dock department in cities of the first class, have been placed under the jurisdiction of the Commission. The necessity for this law became apparent when a dock at Hagle Park on Grand Island in the Niagara river failed, resulting in the drowning of a large number of persons. As the Legislature neglected to make appro- priation for carrying out the provisions of the amended law as to docks, the Commission has been able to do but little in this direc- tion. 28 FourtH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE The past year has been one of marked activity in the construc- tion of dams. Plans and specifications for the construction or re- construction of forty-nine such structures have been approved by the Commission. In a number of instances, before approval was granted, the Commission required changes in the plans and speci- fications submitted. The dams for which plans and specifications have been approved, with the date of approval, serial and location numbers, name of watershed, name of locality, name of owner and purpose of construction are as follows: 29 CoNSERVATION COMMISSION *‘IOMOg “IOMOg *“IOMOT ‘OINSBI] i) tt Colao ‘Ajddns 109% \\ “IOMOg ‘OTM90G “IOMOg "O11}99]9-O1pA PL “OTM80G ‘Ajddns 1098 A “IOMOg “IOMOg *O11}09]9-O.1p AFT *011}00[9-OIPA TT “‘BUIPOO],T *O1I}O9]9-OIPAP] “IOMOg a0] ‘Ajddns 1048 “IOMOg ‘Ajddns 1098 A "IOMOg “Ajddns 109% “Ajddns 1098 \\ “US *OL1}99]9-OIPATT *011}99]9-O.1pA FT esoding ‘quourdopaAoq JoOMOg JOANT WOUITRS “OO IOMO 107BM STB PABUULTT 2 cewKu gee OSes. smog » ouTAICT qysta cy ee 09 eXvTyT BINT 4g si On eCIat uwolei0dioy puvy ysamyuyy ble iv-.0%\eShhis kn aw aces WON ay erie SIIIOTY jo Ose A So Ren sees oye] “a smo Ree ech (Cec iecin th Cm moJUIVYy SUT jo AYO SE on eee WUAg “yy PawApT “*"*O9 JOMOg ® YYSIT AQuNO|-11], 5.9) s Bem 6 a etee. os ese eee oe Aoreg re | uygor arenes O-— 10yBAA UBQINGNY, ssnovshG Set ntay Cae eT 09 rodvg » seg uoru() Sr SS eee 0D sodeg [wuoneusieyuy Re Ec Ree ETT 09) se0qor sess sesso Aqvay ALIVO 2490]}1egG mae ase 82. 8 bere (Ou sve ee oye) $1990} Bl a) “ff Se ai 0) sour, UOSMAg alleys et eb 6) ee078 hee oye) SUTILIA SOU[O FT 2 Waist irs DOR REI USVI “HO See HE 09) 1098 A 9T}SVD MON obpe boss oe area se ee ATP ‘W enysor ais; a elie) a abehele-a die /a 7's) ale. uwooveg jo AYID eAaeis cee 09 emmymuany [Oog “f "H Weta) e.te (ete> secs: ydoq yeep AWD SK "'N DaSCES (avis eae terest cas SiostAJodng jo pivog Seats e aaa qn]o wssTBUOMT (A fee 0>aepe ove) oer e casera ore) dO soAOyT Se ee ea aRS 0g sour, wosueg JOUMO JO oUIBNy Saas os neem meunnpy a cee oF eere)\elnerie aTTAUIT A Mikes sehen al enei ene s193u09 » eles ee ehere ers SILIOT. ein) le) Op male, le) tekia YOIM}IV FT Chee Cec uopPUIBY SUL eget wate as Bog Oe0nO CeCe Ostmuacaao AoTpe yy elleke e-exlexle isi wieie so0qog mectenlericieel wits UTUIMON “+++ + -gnTASyOAOTS) erage: enbeddeyyD CWO, Cb Ono. Case eoVyyy Sec CeiCeOCnoscuy aTTLASYO ©) Berets) « Apeqoouayog AY][BIOT JO OUIBNT JOA WOUITRS MOO UIE J JOAI a}jonbeyy ae JOA UOSpN]T 1OMO'T PAs JOALI UOSpN] JoMO'T by (bis fe eile) 6! sails, IOAII sunu1eyy) See rss JOA Buueyonbsng See as JOAII BuUBYyenbsng aS aigtes JOAL BuuByenbsng pease JOA UOSPN}ET JOMO'T seuiees JOA UOspny todd apes JOAII uospnyy ioddy Sucre ete JOAL YARYOT, sells @ueiibiiels urejdueyy oye] Ce urejduvyyg ox] ere JOALI OLY 07VBSOMS() eS: IOAL OIVMBIOCT perouans JOAW uospnyy soddq passin JOAL UOSpN]] JOMO'T SS Sees JOAIL OIVMBIOCL “+++ + JOATI UOSPNET JOMO'T 5 (6) elaiu.jene (6 ete sre JOATI O59MSQ) "+++" JOATI UOSpN}] JOMO'T Vessels JQATE HMBIOPL care JOA UOspnyyT Jodd Viel gre.fe, e\\hceits, sites! ive! oly oyeT eee teow JOATI atyoyesoMsC poysi0}VA JO sure aia 008 GGL 062 Z6S 962 Fr8 V-Z6G geo LOV 8h6 OLE 60P 88E ST GOL £89 168 &69 16€ O&€& GLY Leg 069 969 Tél 286 ggg 16€ goquinu u0lB00'T VST eT oST IST Srl Lvl OST OFT 6F1 al laa rad 661 8é1 ial 8éI ZZ IFI OFT 6&1 LET 9&1 c&I SéI PEI Sé1 O&T col vor qoquinu [etIEg FI6I ‘6 eunr FIBI ‘ZI ABI PI6I ‘8 Tudy FI6I ‘8 THdy PI6I ‘IT Tdy PIGI ‘IT Tdy PI6BI ‘OS “ABI PIGI ‘61 Je PIGI ‘ST “IPI PI6BI ‘0G “994 PIGI ‘Z “48 PIGI ‘ZL “wer PI6I ‘2 “use PIGI ‘9 “UB SI6I ‘OT °C S161 ‘OT 29d SI6I ‘OT 29d S161 is oLTat Si6l § 08d SI6I ‘9% “AON SI6I ‘93 “AON SI6I ‘9G “AON E161 ‘OT ‘AON S161 y “AON SI6I ZL “AON SI6I ‘08 “90 S161 ‘8% “PO S161 ‘0 “PO SI6l ‘FT “PO [saoidde jo 93Rq FourtH ANNuAL REporT OF THE 30 “amMsBa[g Cr ed YNIpOo A WO}SSULATT "9381040 OOD Otho Oto Morn ouLAI quam ‘aMseBa[q Be) ele 606 « skis eee aes 09 “SIIN odeureyy *011909]9-O1pAFL Dy Cat PONG Oso hecho oad OG UWOSTI MA “A Ri2)o0 C0) 8 f LOMO Pip |e ehscmeee aces 0D sedeg » seq uo ysty [occ puowumnac “] wosjoN rust [ccc ttt tte WeXe “YE yuRsy *I9aM0d Bia GGT (a eR cu aden Ye) ‘SIN EM ‘CO "M ‘momog [itttctt ttre nee 09 o14091] PIA “SUISZOT OUOLORO. Ob Oath CED eth ORC eclc poomsepuy) “81 =9) RE MMOpap [oe o0.0lbie ox OD sedeg » Seq uo “IOMOg |" °° °° :UOIyBIOdIOD JeMOg d11409Tq] *Ajddns TONG Nicr 8 che resnstae serge as uospnqy jo AYO smamog [ittct ttt apIsony MA “Wf Pq ‘lomog [trctt ttt SUOG d9I}qRID “UA, “£{ddns TOUGAN's | o-- aa mae uooveg JO UMOT, ‘IMO |yuoudojsAsgq JaMOg JOAN uoMTeG samog |occti ct tt ttt 04) oMOg RP 9eoH “4YySrT JOspulM-UoOysy ‘Ajddns 1948 Sauls) (a) arelisipirel'a eleliahiena 4aeqty Aly ydoasor ae te ae ieee asoding JOUMO JO vUIBNy ies LOS Tee EES SS ea cee Pe ey Pea SO Eee “** UMOZGQOQeZIT CSR ECON Ci OTLAueT A < fewe. el ail surety 31nqs}zeo|G wee eee U op hat IO g Se (6) e000) 08 ate {OuUlBr) . suIpue'y 8,J1BM949 seb veneste dinqsuvuiniy, siavuneweice oye] UBIpUuy «ele 0 « STR uospnyy eveneleielaelens! « umospnyy «eens sines urejdueyd "s+ * + KJoul0ByUOyAy Aq]BOO] JO auIBNy eove * IOATI WOvl_ Joali uospnyy Joddy) Wie rete bate nemuscisee JOA OZ0MSQ JOAII uospny Joddy eisiruge sss y shouesar JOAIL YMCVYOPL lise. deuedurauehiborane JOAII O0ZaMSQ JOALI uospnyy sieddy Joali uospnyy Jodd) be ge Sapte JOALI YMCYOP, JOAII UOSPNFT IOMO'T iraveisitere fags ulejduey9 oxB'T Cr ynces JOA suueyonbsng Saris JoALI BuuByonbsng JOAII UOSpN}] JoMOT peysiazeM Jo ouleNy Joquinu m01}800'T Jequinu [eteg FIGI ‘Sz “3dag PIG ‘Gz 3deg PIGI ‘1z “3deg PFIGI ‘IZ 4deg PIGI ‘6 “3deg PIGI ‘6 “3deq FI6I ‘6 “3deg FI6I ‘6 “3deg PI6I ‘6 “3dag PIGI ‘22 “Sny PI6I ‘Og Ame FI6I ‘og Ame FIGI ‘OT Ame PIGI ‘OL Ame PIGI ‘62 ouns PIG6I ‘6z Cunr PIGI ‘OT cung FI6I ‘or eunf FIGI OT cunr FI6I ‘6 eunr jsAoidds JO 938q CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 31 During the year improvements of twenty-four dams, by means of repairs, changes and alterations, have been required by the Commission. In the past twelve months only five dams have failed. Seventeen failed in 1913; twenty-two failed in 1912. Four of the dams which failed in the past year were built before the formation of the Conservation Commission. The remaining dam failed before completion, for the reason that precautions taken to protect it against high water during construction were in- adequate. As soon as practicable, examination was made to as- certain the underlying cause of each failure and to obtain first- hand information which would avert similar casuaities hereafter. It is the purpose of the Commission to inspect, and record the location and characteristics of every dam in the State, under its jurisdiction. The reports, when returned, are carefully examined and steps taken to correct any defect or weakness. II. THINGS TO BE ACHIEVED Thus far, in some detail, we have discussed the things achieved ; the settled policies; the features of conservation upon which there is concord of opinion. There remain to be discussed the things to be achieved; those great unsettled conservation problems as to which public opinion is still in the formative stage. These relate to conservation, de- velopment and utilization of water resources and the utilization of forest products. Shall the Forest Preserve be “forever kept as wild forest lands?” or, shall the State permit selective cutting and sale of mature timber ? What shall the State do with the surplus waters of its canals? What shall we do with our million and a half of potential horse power, now undeveloped and unused ? Shall it be the good old policy of laissez faire? The flood of many a March has raced to the sea with ruin in its wake; the drouth of many an August has brought its sure heritage of indus- trial paralysis. But we are used to all this, and so were our fathers before us; why not our children, too ? 32 Fourtu ANNUAL REPORT OF THE The part which investigation could play in this drama has been played. All phases of the problem have been exhaus- tively investigated. Once that stage is reached, investigation means inaction and discussion means delay. The servant who buried his talent in the ground probably appointed a joint com- mittee to investigate and report on the best way to utilize talents. Precisely as the way to resume specie payment ‘“ was to re- sume,” just so the way to stop wasting an energy equal to the annual consumption of 15,000,000 tons of coal is — to stop wast- ing it. The time has come to act, and for good or ill, for years to come if not for all time, these great questions must now be answered. Authority to control and regulate the material resources pro- vided by nature is a necessary attribute of State sovereignty. The State should own and regulate the disposal of all additional water power it may create. It should make such utilization and disposal thereof as will promote the public health and public welfare, yield a public revenue, stimulate commerce and industry and cheapen the cost of light, heat and power. New Yorxr’s Water Power Resources In the year 1907 the State Water Supply Commission was au- thorized and directed by the Legislature to devise a plan for the progressive development of the water powers of the State under State ownership, control and maintenance for the public use and benefit and for the increase of the public revenue. The same act directed the Commission to ascertain and report the water storage capacity of reservoirs created for the purpose of stream regulation, the record of rainfall, the average flow of the stream, and to estimate as nearly as practicable the water power capacity of proposed developments throughout the State. Pursuant to this direction the State Water Supply Commission inaugurated an investigation of the power capacity and_possibil- ities of the more important inland streams of the State. This work has been continued by its successor, the Conservation Com- CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 33 mission. Comprehensive hydrographic surveys have been made of practically all the inland streams of our State, and we have at the present time reliable data showing the power possibilities of every important inland river within the State. No State in the Union possesses greater water power resources than New York. The St. Lawrence river on the north and the Niagara river on the west furnish immense power possibilities. No river surpasses these in volume of water and none has a more uniform flow. We have in addition a large number of inland rivers capable of vast power development. Our extensive canal improvements have likewise created many useful water powers. It has been established by careful hydrographic surveys that within the borders of this State it is commercially feasible to de- velop at least two million five hundred thousand horse power (2,500,000 h. p.). This is more than sufficient to supply all the needs of the State for light and for power for manufacturing and industrial enterprises. Approximately one million (1,000,000) h. p. has already been developed. There remains, therefore, within the State in round numbers one million five hundred thou- sand (1,500,000) h. p. undeveloped. The advancement in the art of electrical transmission has made this vast amount of potential energy available to the inhabitants of every municipality within the entire State. The prime importance of this resource lies in the fact that this latent power is located within the borders of a State containing a population of nearly ten millions (10,000,000) of inhabitants, and is avail- able for our vast and varied industrial needs. It is valuable because it is in the very heart of commercial activities, where there is a growing market therefor. Two vital questions arise with respect to the policy which the State should adopt regarding, first, the water powers already de- veloped aggregating approximately one million (1,000,000) h. p.; second, the water powers yet undeveloped approximating one mil- lion five hundred thousand (1,500,000) h. p. By reason of the fact that every stream contains developed as well as undeveloped power sites, these two questions are so inter- related that a discussion of one will in a large measure embrace the other. 34 FourtH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE With regard to our developed water powers all agree that these should be utilized to the highest degree of efficiency and the pres- ent capacity increased wherever possible, and if need be, the agency of the State employed to accomplish this result upon some basis which will be just and equitable to the State, the mill owner, and the citizen. Various plans have been suggested and strenu- ous efforts made to formulate a practical policy, which so far have largely failed by reason of legal obstacles or conflicting interests. StrEAM REGULATION A very considerable part of our water powers are situate upon inland streams where at certain seasons there is a superabund- ance of water, and at other times a great deficiency exists. It is, therefore, apparent that if efficiency is to be secured, storage reservoirs which will provide a regulation of the stream flow are essential. This is of prime importance. By these means the developed powers will be greatly increased, and those undeveloped made more valuable and commercially attractive. Stream regu- lation is in fact one of the fundamental requirements of proper economical hydraulic development. The construction of a reservoir on the Sacandaga at an esti- mated cost of five millions of dollars ($5,000,000) will increase the total low-water power of the Hudson river at the developed sites below Hadley from twenty-nine thousand four hundred and ninety (29,490) h. p. to ninety-one thousand three hundred (91,300) h. p.; and at undeveloped sites from eight thousand eight hun- dred and eighty-five (8,885) h. p. to sixty-one thousand five hun- dred (61,500) h. p. In other words, the low-water power of the stream will be increased nearly four times its present capacity. These figures include the power between the Sacandaga dam and Hadley, which will be thirty-four thousand five hundred (34,500) h. p. at the minimum. Moreover, in considering this project we must remember that the commercial value of stored water is greater than that from the ordinary flow of the stream, for the reason that the mill owners can use the same at a time when their mills would otherwise be idle, thereby enabling them to increase the capacity of their plants. By the construction of the Sacandaga reservoir and a proper regulation of the stream it would be pos- CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 35 sible for the mill owners to increase their plants about fifty per cent (50%) and still run them at full capacity for the same length of time that they do at present. The potential power pos- sibilities at undeveloped sites would be similarly increased by the construction of this reservoir. The increase to the power-produc- ing capacity of the Hudson by such regulation would amount to eighty-three thousand five hundred and sixty (83,500) h: p. Simi- lar results would follow on the Genesee, Black, Raquette, Oswe- gatchie and Saranac rivers, as appears from the following table: Fourrn AnnvuAL REportT oF THE 36 “A[uo yeuorstaorg } =——“TuuoLstAOIT , ee — I ——— 000°L0L ‘FI 000‘0094 000‘81S‘T 000‘000 ‘2. 000‘0FE ‘T 000‘889 ‘+ 000‘T99‘F SIIOA ~10801 jo 4800 poyeurTy si 16962 O01 ‘ZI 631 '6E OPI ‘SF 1661 128‘T8 099€8 ulte1}8 jo Aytoedeo ormz0u0da UL 9seai0UL [870], LIL'TSE 1926 ‘98% S10'L2 |886'e% BIL'L8 |809‘TP 00S‘9TT |008‘98 096°9% 028 ‘aI O6T ‘se |09L‘8e 0sé'ss 009‘ E9T S89}18 9418 pedojaa | podojaa -epun jy | -ap 4Vy uVvak apv -HGAV dO “LINGO udd 09 ‘UaMod SQOONILNOO YNOH -pG Od SANTA -4OL JO ALIOVAVO HOM Od-HSHOH 920'Z0Z |ST6‘EST L96‘SI |LTL‘OT P18 ‘61 9CL° LT 893 ‘2S 669 'T3 $83 '0S 1S ‘6¢ 80 ‘ST G&L Th ST9'Z¢ |O18‘T9 sa} I8 pedoyaa ~opun yy so}I9 padojaa “op 1V uaMOod UGLVM MOT 40 GSVAYONI GSE‘ SS IZEL‘ StS 62102 |9T8‘9T 808'FS |426'9% | O&h‘ EL GL9‘LT |G22'89 OF0'9F 286° 22 00S‘T9 |008‘T6 S94 18 S418 pedoyaa | padojaa -apun yy | ep 9V MOTTA HALVM MOT HLIM WDIAVTIVAY udMOd-ASuOH NOILVIODAY YALAY SNOLLIGNO(/) — SMOAJasar JPY Women “oyV] Arsoqueip “4g “ho T4 OF ‘Woasoser oye] ovueseg “35ND “Tq O'TT JO [RIO OLASLUBET = pue “plPyaodelq JO} pajepnze1 08'S |4J NO "Iq FIT ‘MoAsosor MOqXO ‘OYIS WYP JO} payepnser “47 NO “[Iq 3g ‘MoArser “yyy Aa[sTy *adv}I0g 10} poye[ndor “Vy NO “[Iq FET ‘MOAIOSal ade,10g *Aa[PBH Joy payernFor “43 G16‘80Z |LZT‘OFE |98S‘TF |F18°68 NO "Tq 8'8% ‘Moaseser vsupuvoeg Aq uolyensayy 209‘0G |9FS'ST |ZL1‘9 8990 |6cr'6e 709‘ OLL°€8 |068°9% |620‘FT 098‘9T |e99*ITT |169°¢ 048'%8 |602‘08 |coe'r 00L‘tF |069‘E2T |¢88‘s se}IS 89918 8} 18 podoyaa | pedojaa | padojaa ~epun yy | -ep yy |-epunqy uvVaA ADV -YHAV 40 “INDO Ud 09 ‘UAMOd SQOONILNOO 4008 -p% YOd SUNIA -HOL dO XLIOVAVO uaMOd-aSUOH ****9A0Q® SIOATI X18 10} [JO], ‘urejdueyD ayey pue 669°G exe] ovuereg usamjoq ‘ovuvieg “IOATI 9OUSIMG'T “49 OY} pur sTTe,T 09T'2 |WOJMEN UooMjoq ‘aIyO}edaMs—, *IOALI OOUBIMET “39 94} pue ¥9'F «jeyxeT soddny, woomyoq ‘ayjonbexy *OLIVJUQ ayVT] pue 110A LI¢‘9g |-daser 4 ‘Aa[STY UaeMjeq ‘HoRlg *OLIVJUG aye'T 768'9 |pue edeiJog usemjeq ‘aasauar Gey *(Ao]pEH pue ulep usamjoq eZepuoRg woy JoMod Zurpnput) ogy, 06F'6¢ [pus Aolpey ueomjoq ‘uospny 80}18 padojaa “8p FV MOTI UALVM MOT HUM WIAVTIVAY UHATY uYAMOd-HSuOH SNOMLIGNOD INaSaUg NOILVTINOAY AL aTaVNIVLEGC SNVAALS SQOIYVA 40 ALIOVdV/) OINONOODW, NI FSVAHONT CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION at A study of the foregoing tabulation will show the great benefits of stream regulation in connection with the development of power. Public Health, Safety, and Welfare The increase of power is by no means the only benefit which will flow from stream regulation. The construction of reservoirs will impound spring flood waters which so frequently result in great injury to public and private property along our inland streams. The Sacandaga reservoir will remove at. least three (3) feet from the crest of the floods at Troy, Albany, and elsewhere along the Hudson. The Portage reservoir on the Genesee will prevent the overflow of thousands of acres of valuable land in the Genesee valley and also eliminate injury to other public and private property along the stream which in the past has so often been endangered or destroyed. This menace to property is pres- ent every recurring season. No figures are available to estimate the enormous loss of property injured or destroyed by Spring freshets in this State. By proper stream regulation this destruc- tion and waste would be greatly minimized if not wholly pre vented. Like safety to property will result on the other inland rivers if properly regulated. Moreover, stream regulation will produce a more steady and continuous run of water. It will in- crease the flow during the dry season of the year, and convert many stagnant pools into streams of living, flowing water. Public health, safety and welfare will be greatly benefited and improved thereby. In determining a policy for the State to adopt with respect to stream regulation, consideration should be given to the relative importance of these advantages to the beneficiaries thereof. It may be difficult, if not impossible, to estimate the full value of the benefits to the health, safety and welfare of the public. Yet in formulating an equitable plan for stream regulation all benefits accruing therefrom should be considered: first, to the mill owner from increased power; second, to the citizenry generally from the improvement to public health, the advancement of public welfare, and the safety to public and private property. 388 FourtH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Benefit to Mill Owner from Increase of Power It is generally conceded that the benefit to the mill owner de rived from the increase of power is by far the more important. In order to secure proper regulation reservoirs must be con- structed, maintained and operated. How shall these be con- structed, and the cost thereof be paid? Shall the State as a whole contribute toward the expense of construction, maintenance and operation, on account of these benefits to public health, safety and welfare ? If the policy of stream regulation were made general throughout the State the benefits derived therefrom would directly or in- directly reach our entire population; and there seems, therefore, no just or equitable reason why the State as a whole should not contribute toward the cost of such development. With regard to these questions we find that the Constitution provides that “ The Legislature may by general laws provide for the use of not exceeding three percentum of such lands for the con- struction and maintenance of reservoirs for municipal water supply, for the canals of the State and to regulate the flow of streams. Such reservoirs shall be constructed, owned and controlled by the State, but such work shall not be under- taken until after the boundaries and high flow lines thereot shall have been accurately surveyed and fixed, and after pub- lic notice, hearing and determination that such lands are re- quired for such public use. The expense of any such im- provements shall be apportioned on the public and private property and municipalities benefited to the extent of the benefits received. Any such reservoir shall always be op- erated by the State and the Legislature shall provide for a charge upon the property and municipalities benefited for a reasonable return to the State upon the value of the rights and property of the State used and the services of the State rendered, which shall be fixed for terms of not exceeding ten years and be readjustable at the end of any term.” This provision of the Constitution is applicable to a very large proportion of our inland streams, which have their source in the Forest Preserve counties; and the fair inference is that the people CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 39 of the State favor the construction, control, maintenance and operation of such reservoirs through the agency of the State itself. Cost to Be Borne by the State and by the Owner We feel, therefore, that the proper policy to adopt is for the State to construct, control, maintain and operate reservoirs in- tended for stream regulation, and that the cost thereof be borne in part by the State and its municipalities benefited thereby, and in part by the owners of water power sites upon some basis of a just and equitable division thereof. With regard to the payment to be made by the mill owners, serious and difficult questions arise. How shall such payment be made and provided for? Many divergent views are entertained with respect to these questions. All practically agree that the beneficiaries should be required to pay therefor. Some maintain that the real beneficiaries are the owners of power sites already developed. This view is predicated upon the proposition that undeveloped sites have no use for an increase of power which will result from stream regulation. It is also claimed, in some cases, that the owners of developed sites should not be required to contribute toward the cost of the construction, maintenance or operation of such reservoirs, for the reason that some power owners have no need for additional or increased power. These views are, of course, erroneous, for the reason that any increase in the capacity of a water power site, whether developed or un- developed, enhances its potential value. Moreover, while the as- sessment of cost upon developed powers alone might possibly answer the needs and be practical for a river like the Black, where more than 85 per cent. of its available power is developed, it would utterly and absolutely fail to secure any regulation on rivers like the Raquette, where less than 25 per cent. of the avail- able power is developed. A glance at the foregoing table shows that the regulation of the Raquette could not and would not be made if the developed sites alone were required to pay the cost for the evident reason that the owners of such sites could not afford to bear the burden. For example, if the reservoir at the Oxbow on the Raquette river were 40 FourtH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE built at the estimated cost of two millions of dollars ($2,000,000), the construction cost would be at the rate of twenty-five dollars and ninety-seven cents ($25.97) per h. p., based upon an increase of 77,077 h. p. in the low-water power of the stream. If this cost were apportioned between the developed and undeveloped sites, then four hundred sixty thousand dollars ($460,000) would be due from the owners of developed sites and one million five hundred and forty dollars ($1,540,000) from the owners of un- developed sites. If the entire two million dollars ($2,000,000) were assessed against the developed sites alone the charge would be at the rate of one hundred and twelve dollars ($112) per horse power. Such charge, with the cost of maintenance and op- eration, would be prohibitive and manifestly unfair, for the rea- son that the value of the undeveloped water powers would be in- creased by such regulation. It is apparent, therefore, that if the State aims to formulate a workable policy which will result in the general regulation of all our inland streams, some plan must be devised whereby the owners of undeveloped as well as developed powers will be compelled to bear their just and equitable share of the cost of such improvement. Inasmuch as the owners of unused and unsalable power sites would rarely if ever agree vol- untarily to share the cost of such a project, it follows that a workable policy must involve compulsory payment. No provision for voluntary payment will suffice. Power of Eminent Domain Involved To achieve this result by legislation a valid power of taxation must be invoked, and legislation must likewise carry with it the power of eminent domain, for the reason that every project for the construction of reservoirs involves the acquisition of private property, and in some cases public property as well. No practical plan has yet been suggested which does not involve the exercise of these two sovereign powers. For the regulation of streams, reservoirs must be constructed and private lands must be acquired as above stated. The cost of construction, maintenance and operation must be paid. Neither public nor private property can be appropriated; nor can the power of taxation be considered in this State except for a public CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 41 purpose. Neither the right of eminent domain, nor the power of taxation has been given to mill owners in this State to acquire private property for milling purposes. Nor has the enforcement of assessments for benefits derived been permitted for the develop- ment and improvement of water powers exclusive of other pur- poses of a public nature. These projects have always been con- sidered private enterprises, and therefore the power of eminent domain and taxation has been denied. We believe that it will be generally conceded that this view is correct, and therefore any legislative plan designed to achieve practical results must embrace the valid power of eminent domain and taxation as well. To accomplish this the primary purpose of the statute must be public, not private. The development of water powers and the improvement thereof by stream regulation for the production of energy for lighting public buildings, streets and highways, and for power for State, municipal and public service uses, and incidentally for industrial enterprises, would, we think, be construed to be a sufficient public purpose to validate the exercise of the necessary powers of emi- nent domain and taxation. To accomplish the purposes named provision for the transmis- sion of energy produced is essential; and moreover, this would furnish a market for power available from sites now undeveloped and the development thereof would be made practical and feasible for the reason that the same could then be used for commercial and industrial purposes, where at present no market exists. Un- less some such plan is adopted to furnish a market for the power available from undeveloped sites the burden of taxation for stream regulation imposed upon unused powers would be unjust to the owners and tend to confiscation of their property. Undeveloped Powers, Owned and Controlled by the State Thus far we have considered stream regulation on rivers where water powers are privately owned. We will now consider the proper policy to be adopted with respect to undeveloped water powers owned and controlled by the State itself. More than three-fourths of the undeveloped water power within the borders of the State of New York is owned and controlled 42 FourtH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE by the State itself. It is the owner of the bed of the stream beneath the waters of the St. Lawrence and Niagara rivers, and is likewise the riparian owner of lands adjacent to a large amount of available power, and it has also created much available power through the construction of its canal system. With respect to the large navigable streams the State has full jurisdiction and con- trol over the same, subject only to the paramount right of the Federal Government to control the same in the interests of navi- gation. It likewise has jurisdiction over our inland rivers to the extent that the waters therein cannot be diverted for power purposes, or the flow thereof obstructed without the authority and consent of the State. No person can be said to own the water which flows in these streams. All persons have a limited. right to the use thereof, dependent upon the purposes for which the same is to be employed. These rivers are considered highways for the use of the public. The riparian owners are powerless to exclude the public from the use thereof for such and other pur- poses. It is for this and other reasons that the water powers of the State have come to be regarded as a natural public resource. Any State policy with respect to the utilization thereof must recognize the rights of the public therein and reckon with this established sentiment. So far the State has established no definite policy with respect to its water powers. From time to time it has granted to private individuals the right to divert water for private purposes. There is a growing sentiment opposed to such grants. The people of the State are beginning to realize that these vast resources are too valuable to be given away. The exploitation of water powers by private persons is no longer regarded with favor. The people feel they have not received adequate benefits from the grants that have been heretofore made. The Conservation Commission, mindful of the fact that the Legislature has imposed upon it the duty of devising “ plans for the progressive development of the water powers of the State under State ownership, control and maintenance for the public use and benefit, and for the increase of the public revenue,” has advocated that the State itself develop its unused water powers CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 43 and distribute the energy produced thereby direct to the people at the cost of production and transmission. So far the recommendations of our Commission have not been adopted for the reason that it has been impossible to reconcile con- flicting interests. Many people believe that the policy of the development of the water powers of the State “under State ownership, control and maintenance,” foreshadowed by the Legis- lature in 1907, is not sound; but that the development and exploitation of our water power resources should be left to private initiative. Whether the sorely needed development of our water power shall proceed under public or private auspices is a question so vital to the welfare of the State that it deserves your most earnest and thoughtful attention. UTILIZATION OF FORESTS Wise men in their day and generation, prudent and foreseeing, were the framers of the Constitution of 1894, when they excluded trom the Forest Preserve — forever, as they then believed — the axe and the saw and decreed that it be “kept as wild lands.” In the face of what had notoriously happened, and judging the future by the only test, the light of experience, there was nothing else for them to do but what they did. The money-changers were to be driven from the temple; conscienceless exploitation of the forests was to be checked. All this was timely and provident. The time has come, however, when modifications of this drastic policy may safely be considered. We now know— the scientific forester of our time tells us— what was not appreciated twenty years ago, that selective cutting and removal of ripe timber is beneficial to the forests, apart from lessening the fire danger. With a timber cut in this State five times the annual growth, and consumption sixteen times the growth, the State of New York ought to consider, seriously, a plan of classifying the Forest Preserve by areas, part to be protective and part to be productive. By confining cutting to selected trees under State supervision, and conducting’ all sales thereof by competitive bidding, such forest utilization would yield a direct revenue to the State treas- ury of $1,000,000 per annum. The fixed carrying charges on the Forest Preserve are $365,000 per annum, of which $200,000 is 44 FourtH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE for interest and $150,000 for taxes; in other words, the utilization of ripe timber would yield a net annual income of $635,000 over and above all fixed charges. We therefore reaffirm our support for the constitutional amend- ment approved by the Legislature of 1913, which would permit the removal of ripe timber, as well as dead and down timber, and the leasing of camp-sites in the Forest Preserve. The latter measure, while yielding a considerable annual revenue, would tend to make the camper a vigilant fire-fighter, for he would be watching his own property as well as the State’s. The utmost care and precaution, the greatest vigilance in admin- istration, will be required to protect such a plan of forest utiliza- tion against gross abuse. Already there are signs that certain interests not unknown to forest exploitation are willing to take an intelligent advisory part in arranging to reorganize the admin- istration of the State’s forestry interests. A TRIPARTITE DEPARTMENT The Conservation Commission exercises and administers under cue head all the powers, duties, and functions formerly divided among several departments — the Forest, Fish and Game Com- mission, the State Water Supply Commission, the Forest Purchas- ing Board, and the Commissioners of Water Power on Black River — together with new and important additions thereto, not- ably along the line of perfecting ‘‘ a comprehensive system for the entire State, for the conservation, development, regulation and use of the waters in each of the principal watersheds of the State.” The plan of organization is that of a tripartite department, with three divisions each charged with duties relating to one of the three great phases of conservation, to lands and forests, to fish urd game, or to inland waters, with three commissioners reviewing and passing upon all the great questions of policy in detail and blending them in one harmonious, progressive whole. There are those who would return to the old days when the forests, the fish and game, and the water resources of the State were committed to separate departments, just as there are those who would return to the old days when each few miles of railroad had its separate organization and a distinct entity and was oper- CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 45 ated all by itself with slight regard to transportation as a national and world system. Or there may be those who would like the stagecoach even better, for they knew the driver long and well and he was an agreeable man, and they felt a closeness of touch, a communion of spirit, and a personal intimacy with him, not at- tainable by travelers in our day. That the State of New York will ever ‘“ unscramble the eggs” or go back to conservation piecemeal — forestry here, fish and game there, water resources yonder, a course meal served at three dining-rooms —is unthinkable. These great problems of con- servation are indissolubly interrelated; the forest and the waters interblend and depend the one upon the other, and the fish and game upon both. What is needed is not a separation but a closer fusion; a com- pleter oneness; a more thorough understanding of the finality of the union; better relations, and better directed energy upon the part of all conservationists, no matter which branch of the great movement may claim their peculiar allegiance. One man may achieve much in administrative conservation. Three men should bring to the task a threefold intelligence, cor- recting each other’s point of view, and minimizing the danger of error, or worse. One man may unwittingly, through environment or from other cause, become susceptible to influences inimical to the preserva- tion of the forest; may yield to its exploitation by private inter- est, against the public weal. The chance that three men can be so influenced is less than one-third as great. One Commissioner —a single head —might once again be persuaded to stipulate away the State’s right and title to its forest lands. That three Commissioners could be so persuaded is more than thrice as unlikely. All of which is respectfully submitted. GEORGE E. VAN KENNEN JOHN D. MOORE PATRICK E. McCABE Commissioners Arzany, N. Y., January 15, 1915. 46 FourtH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE WHY COMMISSIONER McCABE DIFFERS FROM HIS COLLEAGUES It isn’t pleasant for me to differ from my colleagues in the Conservation Commission on the hydro power question, but I do not believe that any good can come out of a public situation which is encouraged in order that harmony may prevail. On the contrary, I believe that the only hope of perfecting this condi- tion, or lifting it out of the rut in which it is, is more likely to be brought about by a broad, intelligent discussion of our differences. There is nothing quite so baneful in unsettled public affairs as harmony, and harmony in this situation would be purchased at the price of my honest convictions, and this, I know, would not meet with the approbation of my fellow Commissioners, who are always solicitously seeking the truth in all public questions. The time that I have been able to give to this water power question since I have taken office as Conservation Commissioner has been altogether too limited to make a thorough examination of the matter. However, it seems to me the State is entitled to know the result of my observations and reading, even though my deductions be wrong. Of the many problems in this department ane most mooted and, at the same time, the most vexatious one, and the one in which the least progress has been made, is the solution of the water power question. The literature on the subject, so far as I have been able to ascertain, consists principally of the reports of two sets of engineers who have made a sort of public shuttle- cock of the question, one side contending that certain conditions were true and lugging in column after column of figures to aid or prove their contention, while the opposing forces massed as many, if not more, figures to confirm the correctness of their position, and both sides were ostensibly satisfied so long as noth- ing was done. Germany and Canada seem to be much quoted as to the suc- cess and failure of governmental operation of public utilities by hydro power in these countries. It is difficult to understand the quoting of conditions in foreign countries to prove the possibili- ties of a situation here. There is an element of politics in all CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 47 public questions in this country which has no place in the affairs of foreign countries, and which makes it impossible for this country to compete in a commercial enterprise with private cor- porations. Trying to operate a commercial enterprise success- fully in this country with political help is trying the impossible. Politics has its rules and provinces outside of which it cannot successfully venture; too few seem to understand this principle. A great many men would make politics of everything, and as many more would make business of everything. One can also find marshalled any number of municipalities in this country to prove and disprove the success and failure of municipal owner- ship. We find in this matter, as in all matters of dispute on public questions, a difference as to what the State Constitution intends: one side invoking section 7 of article 7 of the State Constitution to prove that the State and the State only can engage in the de- velopment of this hydro-electric power; while the opposing party vigorously maintain, under this same constitutional provision, that the State may enter into the construction and maintenance of reservoirs, etc., for three specific purposes and these only: First, to regulate the flow of streams; secondly, for municipal water supply; and thirdly, for the canals of the State; that this provision of the Constitution in nowise provides for the hydro- electrical development of the water powers. So much for the constitutionality of the question. Some persons affect to believe that the State should engage in the development and sale of this great power as a permanent business for the purpose of producing a commodity in which there would be a good commercial profit. To me it is positively incredible how any person versed in the ways of public affairs can entertain for a moment any such impracticable theory. The advocates of this speculation with whom I consulted seemed more concerned in preventing the development of our water power by rich men than they did in enriching the State or relieving the already overburdened tax payers. Many of these persons are opposed to the consummation of all public affairs and naively rest their position on their interest in and protection of the poor man’s rights. So far, this side of the matter has been a sort of 48 FourtrH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE political question, made so by those self-constituted representa- tives of the people who carry on a kind of political blackmail against those who differ from them on public questions of this character. These men are not of the best citizens, nor of the most intelligent, but they are most ingenious in their method of advertising and of ingratiating themselves as the self-sacrificing friends of those who plow and those who spin. Many politicians, or, rather, men in public life, yield to the menacing of the supporters of this idea, more fearful of their personal safety in public office than in the soundness of the position into which they are forced. Courage is at the bottom of all big successes. No important success ever comes to one who fears failure. The merits or demerits of the water power ques- tion are never entered into as a matter of government by those persons; the logic or philosophy of the events surrounding the situation are in nowise considered. However, I, myself, do not believe that this is a question which engineers can settle. At the outset they were necessary to prove the volume of water and its generative power, but that has been determined over and over again. This was the first step and no second step has ever been taken. The question has been, as it were, marking time. In public matters delay has its full quota of contributory causes; namely, weakness in men, lack of decision and confidence, fear of responsibility, inefficiency, procrastination, want of capacity, poor in courage and the thousand-and-one other appre- hensions which beset the way of the wrong man. Protracted de- lay is the greatest of all evils. In my judgment, a procrastinat- ing administration is worse and more expensive than a vitiated administration. The restraints of some administrations are as bad as the extravagances of others. Consequently, the delay at- tending this power question is the most pernicious wrong possible to the State. So, also, should a policy of devolution be avoided at this time. It is high time that another step was taken toward the solution of this question, and no other step can or will be taken without courage — a courage that rises above the fear of the poor man’s political support, the vagaries of which mean nothing, as well as CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 49 above the hope of the rich man’s favor, which is as barren as the favor of princes. If this problem is to be properly adjusted the underbrush must be first cleared away; all this prating about the poor man must be eliminated; and the cant and hypocricy of the self-elected guardians of the people must be expelled from the subject, as well as the influence of the politician who curries favor at any price. Honest or just legislation is for the whole people, rich and poor alike. There is no benefit in such things for one man over another, and to induce persons to lend themselves to any public movement, with the promise and expectancy of bettering their condition, particularly if they are poor, is deception of the very worst type. But I do not believe the poor man is so easily fooled as the professional ranter thinks. For years I have been listening to the lamentations of the professional supporters and defenders of the poor man, asking and receiving legislation in his behalf; and year after year the poor man’s condition is no better. Some poor men rise to affluence in spite of their poverty, while other poor men fail terribly notwithstanding rare mental attainments. There is a something at work in each man’s life which has more to do with shaping his course and fixing his position in the world than the operation of officials at the Capitol. Petty agitators still indulge in the fallacious idea of being able to trick the people into believing they can get something for nothing. No progress has been made in the graduation of this question because of the misapplied rules and wrong principles engaged. It is my opinion that it is a misunderstanding of the logic of the commercial sittiation surrounding this question which is re- sponsible for a great deal of the tinkering which has been going on for the last several years. Because the State owns the water is no reason why Tom, Dick and Harry should be allowed to experi- ment at the cost of the people, or why it should engage in the busi- ness of hydro development — not at all. There are some things the State can do, such as approximating values of estates — real and personal — levying and collecting taxes and disbursing the cost of operation, ete.; and there are also some things the State cannot do, and one of them is to engage successfully in a com- mercial enterprise. It is too true that a question in astronomy cannot be settled by applying the laws of philosophy. 50 FourtH ANNUAL REporRT OF THE This is a big question and must, of necessity, be settled by big men whose business it is to commercialize water power. Little men cannot settle it at all, nor can a man big in other ways settle it. The average man will read nothing which interferes with his prejudices. ‘This hydro question must be settled by a man of genius ; one who loves his work; a man who can bring to his assist- ance the support and confidence of the wealth necessary to consum- mate the undertaking. They of little faith are impregnate with doubt and fear, which is always a hindrance; and he who assumes to fulfill a contract for the government which requires vigor and skill must expect the denunciation of those of little heart — and they are legion. Self-reliance, courage, decision and brains are the qualities necessary for a bold project. Men with these ele- ments cannot work tied with the red tape preventives thought necessary to protect the State in its public exploitations.. To ap- point one in the public service to a position of grave responsibility is not difficult, nor is it regarded as a hardship to accept the ap- pointment and collect the salary; but to render services in keeping with the responsibility of an important office and proportionate to a good salary is not at all common. This is a business question pure and simple, and must, if settled right, be settled by the rules of business. Think of having some- thing to sell; you won’t sell it to a rich man and a poor man can’t buy it. The result is you must keep it — which is the case in this affair. If the price of the water power of the State could be brought within the reach of a poor man, every poor man in the State would claim and want it. It is for this reason, and upon this principle, that franchises are given to the highest, not the lowest, bidder. When the State receives all a privilege is worth, everyone in the State is more or less benefited; whereas, if the same benefit is conferred upon one for the smallest possible pittance, everyone in the State is more or less wronged. I am unalterably opposed to the State contributing to the sup- port of any man’s business at the expense of the citizenship of New York. The theory of State ownership is alien to our form of government — there is no doubt about this. It is a method wherein the State moneys of all the people are ventured in hopes that about one-quarter of the people may profit. The State has something to sell, certain water powers which are said to be of great value, and in the disposing of these rights it must proceed along the simple lines which business follows in all such matters ; CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 5] it must offer them for sale in the market where such privileges are sold and brought under such laws and regulations which may be necessary to protect the State from a purchaser who may be inclined to deceive or wrong the State for himself. Ability for the construction and organization necessary to make a project of this magnitude a success is given to few men, and entrusting those out- side of the limited circle with the disentangling of the complex elements of this plan is not the part of either sense or wisdom. The great danger the future holds for the State, if some action is not taken now, is the refusal of the proper interests to enter into the scheme. Such things cannot be deferred too long without loss to those who hold a marketable affair until’the anxious become indifferent and the wealth necessary for the project seeks an in- vestment in quarters more tranquil and not froth with the in- stability which surrounds the public’ contracts and franchises of today. Whether the water privileges are as desirable now as they were several years ago I do not know. Experimenting may have proved otherwise. However, I believe if certain persons can be induced to enter this field of enterprise success will attend their endeavors, out of which the State will profit greatly. The State will be as much concerned in the success of the undertaking as those who make possible the scheme. ‘The greater the success the greater the value of the State water rights and the greater the profits accruing to the taxpayers; where failure to the enterprise means valueless water rights to the State. It would seem an easy matter to draft a bill calling for the highest or greatest development of all the water power of the State in which the regulations surrounding and protecting the rights of the people should be drawn with an eye for a commensurate return to the State, in keeping with the power generated out of the waters of the State. To obtain the full commercial value of the privilege bestowed will prove the most important, as well as the most diffi- cult, part of the transaction and, of necessity, must be adjusted by men who are seeking no political favors nor building for a public future. So, also, must the men entrusted to represent the State in these negotiations stand away outside of the influence of the corporations concerned. I believe a measure can be drafted protecting to the fullest every interest of the State and, at the same time, not to embarrass the contractor with fear and trepidation sufficient to paralyze his best 52 Annvuau Report oF THE CONSERVATION COMMISSION efforts. Success for one is success for both, while failure for one is failure for both. Let another step be taken. Allow the criminal waste of the valuable water power of the State to go no further. Nothing has been done, no progress has been made and no move forward can be made along the old lines — if it could have been it would have been. The reports on this subject, after the first ones on both sides, seem very much like the rethreshing of old straw. PATRICK E. McCABE Conservation Commissioner REPORT OF CONSERVATION BUREAU, ATTORNEY-GEN- ERAL’S OFFICE, RELATIVE TO LITIGATIONS Pursuant to the provisions of section 9 of chapter 647 of the Laws of 1911, the Conservation Commission transmitted to the Attorney-General all orders to bring actions, suits and proceed- ings which the Commission was authorized to institute and main- tain, and requested the Attorney-General to defend them. At the beginning of the year 1914 there were pending eighty- seven actions, the majority of which involved title to lands in the Forest Preserve of the State of New York. These were ac- tions transferred to the Conservation Bureau of the Attorney- General’s office from the Legal Department of the former Forest, Fish and Game Commission and were awaiting trial. During the year 1914 all pending actions involving title were disposed of by trial, and of these, fifty-five were tried before Hon. Irving G. Vann as official referee. These fifty-five actions involved title to lands in Township 15, Totten and Crossfield’s Purchase, Hamilton county, the majority of which were brought in 1907. The lands involved were pur- chased by the State from the Indian River Company and sub- sequently it appeared that at the time of purchase there were many occupants of these lands claiming adversely to the Indian River Company and its grantee, the State. The rights of the respective parties were determined upon the trial of these cases and where the State failed in title, the Indian River Company, under the terms of its deed, will be obliged to reimburse the State. During the past year four actions, brought in 1910 against the Santa Clara Lumber Company and George N. Ostrander and others, were argued in the Court of Appeals, and that court rendered its decision in an important action involving a question of title and the right of the Forest, Fish and Game Commissioner to enter into a stipulation permitting judgment to be taken against the State, thereby adjudicating the defendants to be the owners of the land in dispute. While the State had been unsuccessful in the lower courts, the Court of Appeals by unanimous decision re- versed the judgment and directed a new trial of this action. [53] 54 FourtH ANNuAL REPORT OF THE The determination of the vital qnestion, namely the power of the Forest, Fish and Game Commissioner to stipulate that judgment could be taken against the State adjudicating the de fendant as the owner of lands within the Forest Preserve, neces- sarily and materially affects a number of similar cases where the same question is involved. The decision does not go to the good faith of the transaction but rests entirely upon the lack of power conferred upon the Commissioner, particularly in view of the constitutional prohibition of alienation of State lands within the Forest Preserve. The land involved in the action which has been sent back for a new trial consists of about 2,100 acres lying north of Township 50, in Hamilton and Essex counties, and upon which land the soft wood timber had been removed. Should it be finally determined that the State owned the land at the time the judgment was permitted to be taken, the defendants will be required to pay the damages incurred by the taking of the same. Following the decision just referred to, Justice Borst has ren- dered a decision involving a similar traxsaction with the Forest, Fish and Game Commissioner and the Raquette Falls Land Com- pany. The lands in question are located in Township 12, id Military Tract, Essex county, and comprise about 1,000 acres of land which is substantially virgin forest, and upon which the defendant has commenced lumbering operations, under the terms of an agreement which has been, by the decision of Justice Borst, determined not to be within the power of the Commissioner to make. Two judgments against the New York Central and Hudson Riyoy Railroad Company, one in Herkimer county and the other in Franklin county, were reversed in the Court of Appeals and new trial ordered. ‘These actions were for damages to State lands, caused by fire alleged to have been set by the railroad company in 1908. During the year 1914 the Conservation Bureau of the Attorney- aeneral’s office has disposed of one hundred and nine cases. Of these, sixty-five involved titles to lands in the Forest Preserve of the State of New York; eleven actions for trespass, and twenty- five actions for violations of the fish and game provisions of the statute have been prosecuted. CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 55 The Commission directed an investigation of the legal status of the occupants of state lands in Township 40, (Raquette Lake), Totten and Crossfield’s Purchase. There are located in this town- ship about seventy occupants who appear to have no title to the lands which they occupy. Surveys have been made, records com- pleted and data obtained upon which proceedings may be brought to recover possession of these lands. There have been disposed of by action since January 1, 1914, the following cases: ABTS ASEAN ea tahe eo) stich Che clays atttostar wile) eel ois lal ayenal avg loel Sisley alsin 2 sia PPS Ep ATIC AMM / oss e ecale:'s i vale) Sotocate ee leialel anes aiw! eimieon dete, wink 25 Breer ered aseh ti aes (2 aKa Oona seats this na la ahi Ot or a » 6 Ath err Mee tete mas Sa tee co leh-a ase, Boi as elt auatente! alin) Sydila ied a oploy'a\.0) $s 65 Reis ee TMeta by soa) eco eec othe arora os onab'elansi el elisa: e's 41's) 2 feel eee 1 TIBOR RETEST en eee he Sieh cfa tl aehe is Winter 3) ahesaye, wlale ah aly ive ye silts) s 1 Of the cases pending and commenced during the year 1914, there are still pending: AISree py Ae eu sie eme ye iets baeastin sino) arte tcegene ere) erate aCe itt a> 9 Ager Ae UNI ace Ata at 2s che cos 9 oye 6 alin of si oy ay cllav a baeiainilah oketid 2 10 PAIRS EECA Nr eN Sc Doha a iek x ayaa sp Palio yas’ gas ehiays fava! soho. 4 a's @ 4 3 cA VOMITING Wi ke) ooh ot avn le, yar 01 A int Nid) a ycfalie,'e aah heave etn eNe PRY cesheiaeaeereree ens sine dV OM openers tor attr aie an redid apSiin shisy(a lalint Mah dite 1 BPG tete acre etree tala bars atnva at Mal ayeiels Pie uatehasticea reine gas a ileal ee ve 21 Of the ninety-two orders on hand January 1, 1914 for prose- cution for violation of the Conservation Law, action has been taken as follows: Closed before commencing action..........2+5ceeeeeee: 22 Action commenced : PRICIER U Tes eee a8) ra iby eh nite aia halisl ai ehatiateds sets ees eyes 8 25 CMP TIOR Ne Rees aes ec ens MPa ae ces ial Hh eucbe ahs alte Cdeamneh d= 27 Orders held awaiting data, surveys, etc............+-+-- 18 On the one hundred and fifty-five orders to prosecute received since January 1, 1914, action has been taken as follows: 56 FourtuH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Aeiiompeommren ced (3). Stet) cles ose Nea Ua a0 oa thy HishWaMmeamamie cov is ae (rete sie wc ste eters 5 Em Gapaee meets teha/e elas ws scerattoe and aie le ate 6 3 B BEUELe pS A ers Ss aE B Ae SAP Mi re Rag Al 39 8 Sel MABIdeCONVEVANCE.\: shied s a> vies ele eo Ais ih 1s 3 ROAR AY Mi eg Mg an i I Ap AUD 1 Orders closed before action was started................-. Orders held awaiting data, etc. : A rstA anid PANG tc es, Enea t e's. oie taih Oke Blanc tee hatehalatiete reece WECR BASS sini tlore\e Stapore US oie ea oa telaliele eco aly pleve wishaiale 4 ABB Oey ialey alatiahate eo otace cts peoaer o (etees roc an ate hoteller ane Maas 59 Tare US are et ct 08 ace Pgs ata tthe Ta aia velouo is nets Geom enti kapamus IRECOVEFOd ANOUGYS Su meiekeiiks wields yevetehere stotente-ciame o aaane eb) ASICS SCOMVEVAMEE ae reo. 12s Discs a) oum-cheen weal cis Wome ie OC ULe td AG UNG ache eyete joie ates We: Sreses 6 sw wiabateta) stele miei Publie’ Service avulleyiolation ee. leo). ho ae ase ee MOP AUT UUTE er vatere oN reartin tie to Tails fo% oe easav'eralislstscche el ale' shee Recovery of rents and taxes on oyster bed leases...... tk pe tot 74 CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 57 Monerys RecoverED TuHroven Actions Brougut By THE Con- SERVATION BurEAvu, ATTORNEY-GENERAL’S OFFICE 1914. Jan. Maurice E. Rogalin .......... Feb. George M. Hallock............ George AY Owen. a\s6:00 wave) viene WaneeMelauchlinig. s .scicleiecles + Charles, H. Cooper ..).: eis. <0 «'« eee le nm CVA la) eretefereterer ete ies March. S. Guggenheim ............6. ARTS WV EEL WY. 1 20a las eysieralaiateceien sie April Truman Rice (judg.)......... May. 1st IDM Nth Si seGacdbo vod Visher Whipple ........ Sateraieks June. IN. ¥..C: RoR. Co: (costs)... . Albert, Prem ss oars ens cisccieie nse July. Purity Blue Point O. Co...... Azvel ne Merrill’. .) 23.1 eee Merrills & Bayles ss sic'e osc 0s Torin dis ISeae Bown ooee SGooooc Glenwood Oyster Co.......... Cleveland DuBois .......... ate Aug. Philip.) Veo ionk, 5 ./55..'<.6 APIA Sept. Andrew Sullivan yi). 6s <4 ¢/e 1% Edgar Call (costs) .......... Wants Hi COCR anes). a0) clele a Oct. Charles Goetz (exec.)....... sie Albert Wrasier ....5652.0,0056. GeareeMMdiyet ss a6)s acleslas sc a=! Joseph Hilderbrandt .......... ranks Sherman. ere ciaicisiec ies Norman Arnol divrysie cicisie: sls eter sic TVG PES Eva UO 24 si «)eucyel ais forateleoeiats Ne vepelephoney Coleco. cielees Joseph BIFNSy 2.) cree = as slimes o's Myron Daley (exec.) .....eee- Nov. Bertuwirig itera sistets enelsrste : Arcinia Bryden 2k(s. isin: iis ae 510) Dee. Long Island R. R. Co. (judg.). John P. Brannen (judg.)..... eereeees eereseeee eeeseene ee eres ee eeeeesese Trespass. Fire. eT ONOG Men BE) Ae Ra a $10 00 satsetareheyete 10 00 a TBE AON, 100), GO (5. 3. oe ae OOLOD Wives ave lee 3 NSE Tig ean Sis oietiere at cieis 50 00 eyenetet iatarerel 1,566 67 TOV OOK Sera aeiernta = ri iarigy heen eek SES KIO UNAS We 15 00 Brareleteieteryes 586 16 BEAOOM cartetsioceeiete FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF CONSERVATION COMMISSION SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS, EXCLUSIVE OF REGULAR ACCOUNTS WITH THE STATE COMPTROLLER, FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1914. TOUR COMSCEIGNE NE Nd cic crow n'a tio -ols, siotwi aie ow wh ckale averse Sigcadcoor Hines snd Penalties: isi 2! aches dslewMele es oti ciene ae $67,740 IN GGT CONOR Mae Ree Ear ave rlaeee cee e ICANT aii a suite edu iain 14,964 Breeders’ Micense) 5. ss \aeiesseiats Sodooonovodoodar 525 AE UaaPU EP | TACO E Wrote par a ualls falatehe io opet pie (elm keliaila wi ols ed hl st 208,250 Possession! OlieamelIGeNSe sr. celelersiore ciale als alele eters 485 Tax and rental on ghellfish lands.............. 33,231 Importation, foreign game... .........+-.22006. 6,577 LA ATM GT ONG nehays iateie lg taletene otal ota vateials, ofaym./e) Si eleva, he 7,156 Shipping into) State Wicense 2 <..-)..6 -)0<-) ere «eee 20 CubavwReservorrprenttaliacees cesta clears chaisvstor sree ets 2,141 TETESPASS ON GSCAGO LANGA! cr) 5/\o.sic0ls qupjse sie © alot 6. 5,350 DAO GOL PERCES Pe vetep otciarcuote ovsieneleltekevavellenciesceneletonausi sper 7,988 Mine Te ate wes Mate eevee cys ey tiehetolalanstale lots imate etetenstetels 24,816 Meleplhone rengalairag jteeveni sake see evict eielsie stakes 106 PCLUNG MOT PAVEOLIG.. oi. ce aseretiieis oie srejeiprs!a »'> oie) 54 Ie RAIN ES Ra avous chelate shorefeteacroke (o wigt sterd voce ere cael itters 529 IMNISCeLMAMCOUS Went ona SPA te vate be ates cits) os caltelieh stale paisa sxe 1,178 DISBURSEMENTS Byfcash to. Stabe: Lreasurer £is)s/-\sta'> ies cleive a1s's mile $380,407 By refunds and cost of collection............... 709 39 40 30 $381,116 86 26 60 $381,116 86 $381,116 86 SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1914, BY DIVISIONS General Office Advertising and printing, in connection with pub- AiG UC ATAMO A ate rege levee iata/ ate occ nvereyetele eyelete arete rave 288 Officerexpensegimerrtsiaic sie eicleiarsie epetelerstsl> onelayotsieket cts 22,883 MravelingMexpensesyiiaecisteiesers act peereitsialenieio sie ae 7,684 Bureau of publication, expenses................ 981 Officrallyisalariesiy etsy a ate sels ies aie lorare mie weliniel ote retere 6 75,622 Graded i alaviGs yaowcte cs iste o s7elsveleslere le steleveie)ecelsle les 20,455 Additional and temporary employees....-....... 3,070 Division of Fish and Game Expenses, steamboats and launches............-- $1,269 Fines and penalties, court, attorney and witness COSTR Sia oye eee ale a atoke Tahteialetalovaeiete, wi ion avon eisgeiercvere 10,694 97 57 84 75 07 80 00 64 88 $130,987 00 AnnuaL Report oF THE CoNSERVATION Commission 59 Protectors and Division Chiefs’ expenses....... $59,458 Protectors’ expenses, special 22... 0h cede o ses 5,328 Rish and Gamevofieial salaries. | <5. «> 55a.)es o4. 5,400 Fish and Game graded employees.............. 123,966 Superintendent of inland fisheries, salary....... 2,500 Marrinte HB UECR I. EXPENSES ers) 5 ohah 2) a, date/ alo a cyaveveie: di ere 5,000 Surveying shellfish Jands..')s/cx veers xcs ae eects 482 Marine Bureau: CHICTAN : SAAT CR ar yaaa tatere siesta alors orale: disiale rs 11,807 Bradedt employees), :o2 <0) wis stars sieve glmis o's 4 ieiel aia 1,034 Fish hatcheries: HHL DECOM AN CO stasis ee ay Sse SYR orev eee eae thick 47,765 ECD AILS cies cs c/eh ais cre eqs cnoken alaneershte he aa eo etel as 2,347 Catlectnnig HSA MO RE so a) wisie dc els «steele sip.eidisis craves els 315 Fish hatcheries: OHICIALS SALATAGS Nes crecnervel aie lees el ovale are etotertte 4,000 SPAGEM CMIPLOVECRN wine fais had a Sis eas clo ele sie 9,180 Fish hatchery, Warren county, examination of DUEL vata Perch ciclo sv ais witha oleh ata oie tacit neler e oie oie 111 Fish hatchery, St. Lawrence county, purchase ANG CONSEDUCHON Sere ens seine Oa OLE 2,036 Game bird farm: MFATGETATICE 1215 5 9's) toslchiv/ats/'s/div Vieisvete woslelee ease 5,754 Onicial Mpa lanies ies ae tera ects eae lore eee ae 1,500 Hunters’ License Bureau: GhgsGMay “cota d sass adeudebomonap cede slocn cls 3,895 PULLIN PguldCENSESI ey -yelstorsiors ieleieeie sete eieterniee. 1,500 cCountynclerkKsigleCesmtinace tern dek totem ee es 3 4,014 Braded employees) iis. 5ays Vasa waa crane mete 1,500 Tagging machines and tags, purchase of....... 1,091 Prinbistes Sante ela wey teiacs oe sass colo ae wiaee cis iw wabere 839 Division of Lands and Forests Forest Preserve, land purchase and expenses.... $7,780 Burchasesots land wasn eto rae eyo eee. 3,419 Protecting State’s title to lands (surveying).... 4,037 Lands and Forests, expenses of forestry bureau. 5,354 RUGLOT REN Eee tie. Satetare aya Nes y ats ioe ito Serals wrehiaias 19,973 Ee PA EEGL Mas tha eat sel anicens uel sia gO ienol at estates wer 93,699 St. Lawrence Reservation: AU MENG CNA CE As ntektat a dials lei oy loyare eae a earn eters Ls 155 fands and docks, purchase................. 1,500 Cuba reservoir, surveying and caretaking....... 1,346 Lands and Forests: OMCTALESALAGIES ears ieee ke a ee ne oe 11,408 pradeduemployeedsrrte merci ieiysrvake sete aets oe 26,417 Division of Inland Waters Hydrographic investigations ...............06. $9,467 Surveys, investigations and river improvement. . 19,179 18 58 00 12 00 00 16 26 48 48 83 4] 00 00 16 26 02 00 $312,792 61 175,091 81 60 AnnvuaL ReEeporT OF THE CONSERVATION CoMMISSION Investigating river structures, dams, etc. (Sec- BLOM 22 Ti er Hae Si ar te aie Siataatorere otal vers State dam, fourth lake, repairs...............4- Division of Inland Waters: Officialsalaries aii. jictc sic las cleveletetereloleie eletots A graded employees o)5 5 ied \s\s eisai ais cjciea seine soe Gate tenders’ salaries, Old Forge and Beaver TIVEL waisioiers aisisvs Stotitel sen er aRe a Tstovercheslsust alkene yareesyers $2,311 73 1,644 76 9,000 00 15,798 78 1,100 00 Deduct amounts paid from Chapter 833, Laws of 1913, covering accounts incurred prior to October 1, 1913...... Actual expenditures for fiscal year ended Sept. 30, 1914.. $58,502 81 $677,374 23 36,994 20 $640,380 03 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIVISION OF LANDS AND FORESTS IQI4 [61] ee a fu ‘ j yi aM A, DR Ceraaa ne FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CONSERVATION COMMISSION DIVISION OF LANDS AND FORESTS To the Conservation Commission: Herewith I transmit to you, pursuant to law, the Annual Report ot the Division of Lands and Forests for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1914 Respectfully yours, JAMES J. FOX Deputy Commissioner December 31, 1914. [63] ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FORESTRY BUREAU [65] Trt duction yest rete eae aT eee EN ea Reuter Nunes Ba Me 22 or AH SSH OES TREES SIV Clr reir ae tes eee ee Gee ee Es aie eR MER AN ar ten Pa eOeUO acs DLESDHSS Ciaeee ems ee Tees Aad NITE a Machen aeen oat dec naam aan £ SULVCV SEM eR te Ie eer ees Reet n cebel dec Ney avs A oan eee ana ae uber atl ere STEGER NEI ea im nucp eran: Ate et yen yy. Lad oUkN A ofl eaailh CU ese Wed REIN tte eal DUARTE ATA TORI Sera) ae De RN a Rl irs Se CAR Re AON en ce NTE Sos as Da aE ny RU aR cag Sr TRE a IP RR, seni tare RESOURCES Serge rity evita bee cites sree oectyiel tae ent cone ace bak oes a nna, one save ranareeta ato MQresty Hine pErOueChIOn sone tisti ah 4 to MwPteh uae es mS ON Seen wie katy Oe Sobel eye s IPTEVENEIVEMVICASUEES etter hoe eee eae nee alae ei cage SNE cnet es een Prove ctiver MGA surest: tases acetic eiate ac ve etn ucaeunns eemaihs Ayia ana tate he peuee cue Wicekistla wren eer as a Nien ie erin opera inci eet Gu Root Ob ite Oe Ai TAR ba eves en FVECOMIMEN TATIONS EAU EG ees ne ee TONG Ee TPT ae Vee TE TE UE nite Cubs eReserva Gloire heater oe: ote soe POC eae co ancien ica uct nustomal Stal meee auane eenenelecs EAS ALTON we ate pot pee Oe Fea Tete SECT Ue SE TNE SIIESS AEUSTE Ren Cees GEESE LOGUGL EE eter ae ree ee Te es aes eters aeRO or aeons Sa rahe habe BIRGOTA SIO Mise sere eae eee Mee nd) tay aera pe Tee ke he Poem oA DLA Styl Naar RELORESLATIONE eeepc STE tah bo eee eee ae eee sien itis Tea otonne CUSED ERA Aye INIUTSEIIES ene heme eee aR sate gen Peery, Ss nuctiners Coren cclis Mo) ay Were Me lnmune T Mye sane cu Paki ADRS IDG HBO LS Oras a Aiptaas ule staan Ay eyne ear eS Dunpeiae nin eh AES a lt pe Rena Aa 9 Bat Retorestin cio tatevbandspeviceg oie cerita einicne te actos eae orate pao nee (Cravansitorts Ua ova) 2 "ce Wid Bigecchacel BRE aR the ea RNG aE RL ee US Ata a PERE Rel ae et aed Ses CONTENTS Personnel tres eee ee rN ae eee ines PAGE 69 69 69 70 71 71 74 74 75 76 82 90 91 92 96 103 106 107 108 lO 111 113 Photo by Reury Davip C. Woop — Born JAN. 26, 1852: Drep SEpr. 17, 1914 — LatTr CHIEF LAND SURVEYOR - tae 7 mak Pes Sloe i =@ ~ @ a ite i | P Ay WT et ian gd ate Cee 7 Bs, 0). a. tr. oe 1h ee ia ei - 7 - ‘> : 7 — 7 a = _ - “3% - co . a 7 ¢ iO Ts oF REPORT OF THE FORESTRY BUREAU Hon. James J. Fox, Deputy Commissioner, Conservation Com- mission, Albany, N. Y.: Srr.— I transmit herein a report of the affairs of the Forestry Bureau for the year 1914. Our activities fall into several natural but separate lines, each of which will be separately treated. THE FOREST PRESERVE This great area aggregating more than one and three-fourths million acres is maintained as a protective and pleasure forest. As has often been stated, the provisions of the constitution pro- hibit any direct use of this vast property. Our efforts in connec- tion with its administration are of a protective nature. We have given diligent attention to prevent trespass and have greatly re- duced the damage from this source. Surveys have relocated many miles of the property lines. The rangers have made an excellent showing in protecting this area from fire. We have also been en- gaged in making an estimate of the resource of this domain. TRESPASS It is a pleasure to note that, although the entire Preserve has been carefully patrolled, there have been but few and small tres- passes discovered. We have reached a degree of protection never before attained. A compilation of the trespass reports received at this office shows that the total value of material cut upon the Forest Preserve during the year was but $157.42. This is an encouraging mark of progress when we note than only a few years ago the value of timber taken aggregated tens of thousands of dol- lars per annum. There may be a few cases which will yet be discovered to have occurred during the year but they will be few and small. It is certain that trespasses as such have ceased. [69] 70 Fourta AnnuaL Report oF THE An analysis of the fourteen cases reported indicates that but two had the appearance of an attempt to steal timber. One was for removal of dead material, while the remainder were through care- lessness or indistinctness of boundary lines, or disputed title. case 2 a HELP PREVENT FIRES = "| SAVE THE FORESTS conmane cee] | DO NOT throw burning matches, cigars or ie cigarettes from the cars. They may start forest fires DO NOT drop lighted matches, cigarettes, cigars or live pipe ashes where they may start fires. ee ces. hey eholt drop DO NOT leave your camp fire until you are sure it is out. Put out smali fires and there will be no big ones. A LITTLE CARE on your part may save thousands of dollars and many New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Co. NO Tr & cE. BE CAREFUL WITH FIRE YAY ~ DON’T drop lighted matches, cigars, cigarettes or pipe ashes where they might set fire to inflammable material are od unt alt crcewary means Pern, railvoad or ather e mopar fans ~ DON’T throw burning matches, cigars or cigarettes out of car) tonite window. They may start forest fires. ; Wirite te the Conservation Commianon, Albany Y. for bolletin on Forest Fires, which will efi yew about the danger of fires and “ont hundred defar fw coe “By Coder =f P_ £. CROWLEY, Se asa tcovaiad Maneger SEW YORE ONTArlo + BPTIEPS Pall Forest FirE PLACARDS ISSUED By RAILROADS CONSERVATION COMMISSION 79 failed to conform to specification on similar inspection. There are, however, a few cases where the operators have failed to comply with the law and these cases have been submitted to the Attorney-General with instructions to prosecute. The New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company filed with the Public Service Commission March 12, 1914, a petition requesting to be relieved from an order of that Commis- sion dated April 1, 1909, which required them to use oil as fuel in locomotives on day trains upon their Adirondack lines during the fire season. The petition recited that since the 1909 order was issued there had been a decided increase in the cost of fuel oil, making the present cost of oil over coal about $90,000 per season; that an improved type of ‘ superheater” locomotive had been designed and tested by the company, which they alleged to be absolutely safe as to escape of sparks, coals and cinders. The Public Service Commission held several hearings and the Conservation Commission opposed any modification of the 1909 order. We were greatly assisted by the Association for the Pro- tection of the Adirondacks as well as by representatives of the Empire State Forest Products Association, the International Paper Company and several other land owners. We contended: 1. The use of oil burners eliminated all forest fires resulting from sparks, coals or cinders from locomotives. 2. That no matter how etfective the design or equipment of a locomotive may be, there is still remaining the question of main- tenance and operation. 3. That past experience shows the disastrous results of such fires, and that the interests endangered are too great to permit any chance of fires. The Public Service Commission by decision dated May 21, 1914, sustained our objections and denied the application. Their conclusions were: “1. The preservation of the State’s forests from fire and de- struction transcends in importance all questions of expediency, convenience, or economy, and demands the adoption and enforce- ment of every possible protective and preventive measure. “9. The question as to what fuel may be used for steam gen- eration in locomotives operated in the Forest Preserve is simply 80 Fourrna Annuat Report OF THE one of safety. If coal burners are surely safe, they should be allowed, if unsafe, they should be disallowed and in either case without regard to the question of expense—at least while that question falls within the limits of the present alleged difference in operation cost between the two methods. “3. The only sure way to safeguard against forest fires is to prevent setting fires in or near to forest lands; and since neither sparks nor coals are produced by the burning of oil, which is a fluid and leaves no ash that can be identified in the oil burning locomotive we have an absolutely effective means of preventing railroad fires from locomotive operation; whereas live coals and sparks are bound to appear in the combustion of coal under forced draft, and accordingly in the coal burning type of locomo- tive we have safety only to the extent that the escape of sparks and the dropping of live coals can be prevented. “4, While substantial progress has been made in the develop- ment of a coal burning type of locomotive which will not throw sparks nor-drop live coals, it has not yet been demonstrated that in the continuous operation of these devices the danger risk will be reduced to that minimum which under existing conditions in the Forest Preserve must properly remain as the standard for regulative guidance in railroad operation.” Fires to clear land or fallow fires were once one of the agencies which caused a large proportion of our fires. These fires are now regulated. A permit must be obtained before such fires can be legally set. The result,is that it is the exception when they cause a forest fire, and if they do so they are illegally set. These fires amounted to but 20 in number, or 5 per cent. of the total, and only one did appreciable damage. The results obtained in this case suggest a solution of campers’ and other fires, if such pre- ventive methods become necessary. We have, when necessity required, and when in our judgment public safety would be amply guarded, appointed as special forest ranger without pay, one or more reliable employees of a firm which had a large amount of burning. This person had to be there during the burning, had authority to issue permits and make reports to us, thus saving the expense of detailing a ranger. The result has been satisfactory. ConsERVATION CoMMISSsION 81 The following table contains a summary of violations of sec- tion 97 and section 98 (fire provisions) of the Conservation Law. The total of such cases is but two-thirds as great as for 1913. Violations of Fire Law Total | Cases Cases Cases Amount of SECTION OF LAW Hucabe dropped pending settled recovery CS Alsat eta he porta Sage Moet ba by Aah ao We 29 6 13 10 $105 85 WSheeer ees eagles. fama Helena aoe 22 1 6 15 92 27 Oval rrr tecete by ete oe eae oe 51 Pa |r 19 25 $198 12 * Section 97 forbids setting fires without written permit. + Section 98 makes person who causes fire liable for expense of extinguishing. In 1908 several disastrous fires were caused by the railroads operating coal-burning locomotives in the Adirondacks. Some of these fires burned over State forest lands. Investigations as to cause, negligence, extent, amount of damage, etc., as a result of such fires were instituted, and actions brought. A careful an- alysis of the situation disclosed the fact that the Delaware & Hudson Company was not responsible for all the fires alleged to have been caused by it. After a full examination, a settlement was reached. The New York Central Raiiroad caused two such fires, which burned 1,454 acres near Beaver River, and 500 acres near Saranac Inn. Actions were brought and the cases tried. Judgments were recovered for the entire loss as determined by the jury. It was our contention that although the timber was not consumed, the State suffered a total loss. We conceded that in case of a similar fire on private property, there would have been a deduction for salvage, but contended that in view of many and decided opinions of the Attorney-General in regard to use of such property in similar cases the merchantable material could not be utilized. The railroad company contended that it was entitled to salvage. The Court of Appeals during November handed down an opinion that the measure of damage was the value of property before the fire minus the value after the fire. The court did not pass directly upon the question of utilization of the timber but said the judgment was not upon a proper basis of facts and ordered the case back for a new trial. The verdict in the Beaver River fire case was for $13,500, and in the Saranac Inn fire $9,018. 82 Fourtn AnnuaL Report OF THE At the time these fires occurred there was no statute providing penalty for killing of trees by fire. Such a law has since been enacted. May 21, 1911, this department alleged that the Erie Railroad Company caused a fire which burned over 368 acres of State land in the town of Hancock, Delaware county. Action was brought for penalty and damages. We had but circumstantial evidence as to cause. In former years fires had burned over this area and there was a dispute as to particular trees being killed or injured by this fire. After conferences the railroad company offered judg- ment for $1,566.67, which was accepted by the Attorney-General. This was under the circumstances a good settlement as it was for more than the value of the property; the company spent a large sum in examining the tract, the title to the land was not perfect, and our proof was not conclusive. Protective MrEasureEs A force of sixty-five rangers and forty-nine observers was main- tained through the latter part of the fire season. About a third of the rangers and one-half of the observers were appointed during the last ten days of April. Owing to uncertainty as to the funds which would be available for fire protective work, the complete quota of rangers and observers was not obtained until about June 10th. The records of fires during the year demonstrate better than words the efficiency of the force. One new mountain station was constructed during the year. It is located on Azure Mountain, near Gile, in western Franklin county. This mountain station covers a large area, nearly all of which has been lumbered. ‘These are the areas in which large fires often occur, and the station commands a range of this territory. The mountain stations have again demonstrated their useful- ness and the observers’ record shows that with one or two ex- ceptions they attended faithfully to their duties. The observers are required in most instances to live continuously on the mountain. It has been necessary during the year to build eight new cabins for the mountain stations. Some of these were to replace tents which were used by the observers, but which were GOVITIA GIOVId AMV] NOYA MATA — NIVINOOW AUALNPOW ‘ANI osaM0 FT uvuIpyg “Jl “oud fs i= # _— a MV a? ea . _ CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 83 far from satisfactory on account of the rigorous weather conditions encountered on the mountain tops. The new cabins have been substantially constructed of lumber or logs, at small expense. The labor has been supplied from the ranger force, and in several instances land owners have donated materials. Hight lookout towers have been erected to take the place of old towers which be- came unsafe for the observers’ use. Last of Mountain Stations in 1914 and Number of Fires Reported from Hach STATION ae Count T Periods ened Rear ounty own reported, | reported, Se 1913 1914 NORMS CE SO ac sialere cae oo ie Qt Bssex ots Newcomb..... a a IAN PErSATIG oe oo Metars Wetate, evapses De branklin= — ie Harrietstown... 21 5 ATA RA eets Noles slviste oars 3 | St. Lawrence...| Piercefield..... 4 4 Metre en ni e ciele nies ae tials ere icline se Waverly sic ccrsili serie ssciet 1 Baar ae eete tiers cae eee Soil due WIS ace cane Croghan ssh. 47 18 Balsamvliake?s 2. scce eee SulmUlster: cet tees Hardenburgh... 4 24 Beaver Wake®. .. cee 3 | Herkimer...... Webb....... SO 13 2 Relfry eee sce Serntas serene 2 RSS? 3-88 \0 Moriah...... ae 6 6 Belleayre ace on ewe SnlWsteryrs es ostere Shandaken. . 16 4 BIaeks eects iin oes ais 2 | Washington....| Dresden....... 13 8 Bluest aly shears weer 3 | Hamilton...... Indian Lake... 14 if IBOLeas ote hai iok Oren F ISSO 2 cesses tecet aire North Hudson. 6 9 Ca EA alte darters 3 | St. Lawrence...| Clifton........ 25 sw Catamountjechacce. secee 3 | St. Lawrence...} Colton........ 31 15 @atheadss certs canons e 4 | Hamilton...... Benson's... 25 67 40 Crane cee eee Berke 2) Warren....... Johnsburgh... . 27 18 Web area vacate boenoieiee iebrankhnias) a. IDOE TES ene rrG 6 10 Dimbrookifz: sarc. sie voces a 3 | Hamilton...... Indisini Waker se)|'t cost cece peo teracictes HORtUNODIE: tt csieses obec. 4 | Herkimer...... Wilmurt....... 11 3 Gores ee 2 27) Warren 5 sisa50 Johnsburgh.... 17 ile¢ Hamilton 4 | Hamilton ..| Lake Pleasant. . 36 24 High Point. . 5 | Ulster Wawarsing.... 5 15 Hunter..... a8 5 | Greene Jewett s-coanee Sia leeter- atin Murricaneseoee eee ee 1 | Essex... .. Keene acc .ys0s0i8 25 43 Kempshalt sso e tener 3 | Hamilton. Long Lake..... 11 9 Moon Wake, oc iactmocese haw 1 | Franklin .. Franklin...... 16 19 WORE ioe toni aeeloe wee 1 \t@linton 2 * 2ehe|) Saranach ce. cl. = 27 2 Makomisise it hisiccn sk nae Zu WUSSEX?). 85 cysraleve te North Hudson. 9 8 Monon seen ee nineneres De Ulster: sss cee New Paltz:.... 10 4 Mooscheadts se. fas eh. ke 3 | St. Lawrence...| Colton..:..... 13 9 Woose Rivers. ot es ces SF | ue WwiS tins ices ss Lyonsdale..... 14 5 Mites Worse entveciy vam stanton 15) Brankdin 2). s Altamont...... 8 10 Ohimen--t) tery scteny aeons ace A Saratoga chaise OaViceie levee teers 24 20 Owlshead* 3 | Hamilton......| Long Lake..... 7 & Pharoah Dh Wi YBBOR 1. 36 crave ace Schroon....... 22 14 Poke-O-Moonshine* Uap asexi tac. Chesterfield.... 6 if Prospect 2. \\|SWarren: ../)...|| Caldwell: =. ...- 24 20 Rondaxe*. 3 | Herkimer......| Webb...... ae 8 Z St. Regis 1) Hranklin< |: 23-22 Santa Clara.... 7 13 Slidejte.c- Sy Wister sarees ee Shandaken®.. sft. tesee || caacasooee SHOW -.0 i.e Indian Lake... 29 6 Stillwater 3 | Herkimer...... Webb....... ete 42 22 Rees ers ay) Watney srokie ZA AWiarrene owes oil EL ASUCr.. nee ae 18 10 ROMAanveee nie thee eee 4 | Hamilton...... Arietta cas: ft ween oe 2 Mooley*hond's ei noes tc SAIL St cbawrenee ss i Glare eet ion ehetelll were velo ako 5 mwadelliye span eetie nus. cd 5 | Delaware...... Hancock. ..:.. 13 2 Vanderwhacker............ PAA Disc'=> qa een ee Minerva....... 28 12 Wakeley*s59ab ste eats. 4: itamilton: =e Lake Pleasant. . 5 3 Wiest intone me emererer et: 3 | Hamilton...... Long Lake..... 1 ES Le Aatose. Whiteface. <4 sacs | US EISS@ xara os eset Wilmington.... 19 15 Wroodhullit 225 ae ee ee | 3S leitenkimenaso oe Wilmtunte 3. 2 26 4 Dotals. 2.0: eee | RERPe I tie ee tase Zoi cia. fan. oa 816 503 * No observers appointed in 1914 until after June 5th. t Not operated during season of 1914. t Not operated until October 1s t 84 FourtH Annuat Report OF THE Special efforts have been made to improve the service on the telephone lines owned by the department. A number of the old lines have been repaired and improved; and some new lines have been built to fill in gaps which appeared in the telephone system. In order to facilitate the making of prompt repairs to telephone lines by observers and rangers, ten new linemen’s test sets have been purchased and distributed among the members of the field force at points where they would be on hand in case of line troubles. | The following table summarizes the construction of telephone lines during the year. Nearly all this work was done with ranger labor: Telephone Lines Total miles Miles built State line Distr ct 1914 to date Bree sa ee Pes, aa oe RT poe cae il 37 OSE RGE saya Ooo eeerage Sina aa SST Sed Sy ay SEMI) 78 ce eerie 30 98 SPE a Clee Oa thy Mi eR, Pa Ee ee I ee 5 54 720 soa ar eae Nae RA SE Wat cE RE 3 78 BY eiecae eg aay ster ala VIS FRAMES TEN Zac" hehe” RETA re her? OE Reh 2 20 BRORALG acs itn tas LAR ELE Gass cee ee ale 41 287 _ In order to render large unbroken blocks of forest land more accessible to fire fighters, the rangers and observers have been directed to work at clearing out trails during wet weather. Con- siderable has been accomplished along this line, as the following table shows. Trails Cleared Out 1914 District Miles SW ori RN NE UDC Re eTA I Saeed cin | ASE AR aN we yas BCE seat Re eh 20 SBE ie i aes 12° ea a San SRE NNT sce Diaries ott ae ees 8 SOHN ee 30 DE Ne tap ee) ara gee) cA A en SOR © Se oak rane Re Aa NSIT AEA, 10 2 re PRL) eg SeaTac OTR a a Oe 9 De G (cae in. a af ap Een ORONO 2 ig DN RMR eS fo bw pe SN 6 ALE Lah rete ies eee eO TR ee Tae eke RRR oaths oS A 45 ConsERVATION CoMmMMISSsION 85 The so-called ‘‘ top lopping” law remained unchanged during 1914. Its enforcement has been carried out conscientiously by the ranger force. Practically all lumbermen operating within the areas to which this law applies, have done the lopping in a satisfactory manner, only two violations having been reported. These cases are both pending at the time when this report is written. Mention should be made of the co-operation by the State De- partment of Highways in the reporting of forest fires. In Sep- tember a request was made by the Conservation Commission that the Highway Department instruct its road patrolmen to extinguish small fires when they could do so without serious interference with their regular duties, and to report all fires to the nearest forest ranger or fire warden. The Commissioner of Highways acceded to this request and sent letters of instruction to each patrolman employed in the area embraced within the fire towns. In this way, an auxiliary force of seventy-two men has been added to our ranger force. The reporting of fires by rural mail carriers has been continued as in 1913. There can be no doubt that the assistance of these persons is of considerable value. Many fires are started each year by persons traveling along the highways, and these fires should all be picked up by our new auxiliary observers. The tables accompanying this report summarize. the fires of the year classified in two ways — by counties and by causes. The preventive and protective measures have held down the acreage covered by the 413 fires to 13,837, as against 54,796 acres burned in 688 fires in 1913. The expense of fighting fires was $13,978.18 in 1914, as against $42,979.04 in 1913; the damage done by fires in 1914 was $14,905 as against $51,455 in 1913. These figures show a great reduction in both acreage and cost in 1914. While it must be remembered that 1913 was the worst fire year since 1908, still there were two or three periods of great drought in 1914, namely in May and early June, in September, and in late October and early November. The last period was especially dry in the Catskill region. FourtH AnnuaL ReEport OF THE 86 eee ee eee ee ee ee SS eeEEeEESEoEoEoEooo—SSELEESSSSSSSSSSSSSaooSoananaaeSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSe 8 Se STIs Oss 086‘ E1$ GIP 809 ‘T 6€9 sot 698 'Z L90°¢ GI's GP SI 826'S1$| LE8°eT | SIF waiiee YEE D; NSS tar OP OLP'L Tg og 88 eens ECOL L6L | II8‘T (63 FO L0z‘¢ F16'¢ v9 2 ik Se STEELE STI$ OOrS Org 9$ T9E 84g T Tg¢ 801 PSL 'T 096 F 10 ‘T Or FI ILL‘OT$] €26'6 OFS ee nes syoBpuoIIpYy STV.LOL | a | ee ee | | Ye ca tora O1PS OLP' LE We) 0& 88 TASES MERON IL L6L TI8'T GE 40 L0c‘e$ | FI6'E +9 \poeamemai oe Oy eh as g c16'9 os 0& Z8 sie Se aE SGOT S6L 299°T CE G8 GI0'€ LAVIES || (0k8 inte em 415100 eee we ene . . . OLZ sees see eee see eee ences ceenee eee e ee rE ee eens c6 LE re ig [ooo ee meaTTng conue4 6 teveeeee | OTT ePakeraakepelinregsracsyaie || iwenee sare : I I 6 seers | Oy TE ll | GT Peper es ep ise GOrs GLI I ari ewe | aor Pes Meh q 10 eee Ih CET RS gst HE OE IHNEN AL STIIMSLVO SS - | ; ee — cris OOF$ OTS ‘9$ | T9E 8Z¢ 'T T¢¢ 80r PSL 'T 096 'F 10€‘T Or FI TLL‘OT$) €26°6 GPS ee alae ae 1#49.L tiara faekenelajaped | surdety) sieve oe 9¢ O'acee eee 6L ILT oF {eee acm |e WOzSUIYSE AA ele y gegen’ lise een ee OeL‘T vol CTE ¢ GL L9L L8¢ eV Py Me VEN ee hh gee aie = aS CLE 6EPh 1 Tél T LZ L00'T O88 1 6P Peco OLE S Cite Met i ae, Ne GZS FE OP aaa eee c¢ 69T c6 a ray ps 2078185 Be eee eae gaia to * | 008 KG OOF. | arenes cP TOT rat GhiSerarilbvaee saps se AEG) OT tea cael ME sgt 06 69T Sh Pali eo 86 8LE 826 CS ee aig ee BEB OrT GTskeueluivme sas! «|! wekaiuiexsievae 0Z (CV area aren We gS Les C19 Jie} jive Jy Al lice loch cede: TOUT 1a OS erich + alter |e te oie soe O8T L1G OF € OL SbP 968 ai ee US Vier ave oe) aed >|| Ve 0:00 we ooe 0¢ P : OOT sieteneh ere SP 99 FOL 57 oma : uo4yny ee ees OF 0286'S ese 1 OOF T SP LOL‘E €e9 'F 89 ONE REEL S$ oge$ oss G&S COnro a alixeeae eae OL 9FL°S Z80'T 9¢ See nie 2 ett ee the eet ra 5 ozes c6s TS Ss | SOV 220 =1S5|)989 1g Sahea en wozUO SHMOVANOUIGV 4MOIZ | IEquIT} | yjMois | Jaquity pesorjsep | poAosjsep | poAossep SN eB ANS | eae uoeG ale A 788M | Wena puosag mae A so1g pial “049 “ojo ‘Faq | _ToquiTy surygsy | ory | Say 30 KLNNOO ‘sdurpling | -winy ‘s#o, | Zurpueys jo asuedxe 7210 ETAT 2 jyoonjea | joOonyeA | jo ane, 1®7O.L Ted qaNung GNW] @Lvig sauoy aaNuog GNV] GLvaiug sauoy ooo eee oem sayunoy fig ‘FI6T ‘sassoy aay 4SaL07 87 CoNSERVATION COMMISSION *jU9}X9 Ul 910 [ UBT} SSO] OI ~ eae | O1Fs | ob'28 | TS 08 88 oar SOL‘'T | 262 Tien 28 F16'S ¥9 see Ney pe ee ORE, et DOLCE pete Oca th 9 6% : . reeeee see eee 5 : “OT : * Ht (aye I + ee eee SOB UOC UG Cie) @\'e) wees) o> 5 || ve\fetnre) «olen 0c eee 8 8 6 One eee ee . Oty 9D . eee ZI ® 06 e168 SI T Seescene ede csaehe alle celeste) BO CLUL ES) ach aceyelele ws Mile.) 0 Us cn e)me 0% . . see eee see . eee eee T z oe g b3 BS AEN ee ALS I PUOOUT| Saree ohotess Genes Setvecheeerte ry) Raine vats Boibe Ge || coc s|(eesooon|eiaabocs ly: reves |g z Fit eeeeeeee see epraquny ag Mae ain PG or Ost 0g 0g og 2 0g 00T al 0g rs € “oss sssurprmg Sura g WaECuoati pen D | oog 0Gz mixehe chi site aiainiehon wate rre illest one . OFZ 0g 0g tec Wood 00g - DERISION 0} 01) lr. f04 0-12) (@) seus hate boereesess | oggte reese | verses | ge : ieee CL SRF ; o19 9 Peete eee gaSgun AT Re ae Orrs eze'e era I oe merase real isc tere ; 11g 068 206 z O1l'z 0z Peete e sees essere sgroqouig a Sees Jorrteess | ayag 1 rrseee lg cs es 102 zz Peseee | pap OZ Heese esses ess sggarjomr0907] STTIMSLVO cis OOFS Org 9$ 19 SL¢'T Tg¢ sor PSL'T 09¢'F | ToEe‘T OL €26'6 Seite (RACE he a "7840. Rd atages ceavee | Marne eee \enocictkg MODE mod ooG nl Gotnnoc. oom non| lmao core iy lf Te epee | Gere eaten | I Fosse ss eesssourdua WOTORIT, tithe ol | etareoenen - papeot : aa 3 Saoe : tee fceeeee | I Deere Tee rrroraeg NAIA Are ry OD [ateurearelte Ih sth amine jurors ; ee Saeco: te eee Ama e ated eee ese syoet sequin’ @eveter® Siaia él) dete Press eee ey . eee ee ee eee g ee eee eee ee eee . g T ee iene iLO MOL SUNE ° Ss = is S GION OAL V3YNIAINO Sie FOREST DESCRIPTION By BiH.) Pier The area covered by the estimate comprises lots 1, 2, 3 and 4 of division III and a parcel of lot 8 of division II, of the Liv- ingston tract, in the township of Shandaken, Ulster county, N. Y., all in the southeastern portion of the Catskill mountains. The area is bounded as follows: On the north by lots 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Division IT of the Livingston tract; on the east by lot 5 of Division IIT belonging to the Winnisook Lodge; on the south by the town of Denning; and on the west by the town of Harden- burgh. The total area, exclusive of alienations, is 3,429.04 acres, The topography is generally rugged with comparatively little level land and many steep slopes. The height of the hills ranges from 1,000 to 2,000 feet above the streams in the valleys. The area is drained by the following streams: the Elk Bushkill, Cas- cade, and Hanging-birdsnest creeks, tributaries of the Esopus; Biscuit, Pine Shanty, Peck Shanty, and Rock creeks, tributaries of the west branch of the Neversink; and the headwaters of the east branch of Dry Brook. Neversink and Dry Brook are Dela- ware drainage. The Esopus drains into the Hudson, but is im- pounded at the Ashokan dam and constitutes the main source of water supply for New York city. The slope ranges from medium to precipitous; the aspect on the north side of the ridge is mainly northeast and on the south | side southwest. The structure of the Catskill * mountains is simple. The strata he almost flat, with shght dips to the west, northwest and south- west in various places. Shale commonly outcrops on the lower slopes of the valleys, but sandstones occur higher in the section, and on the summits of the principal peaks the rock is generally a conglomerate, very durable and thick. The flatness of the strata is expressed in the flat summits of the mountains, a characteristic ’ feature and one that often interferes with the view. While the valleys among the mountains are broad and open, their sides are often cliffed to a notable extent for some distance. This is due to the system of almost vertical joints, which are the principal * See Bowman. ‘' Forest Physiography,” pp. 691-692. John Wiley & Sons, New York city. [127] 128 FourrnH Annuat REportT OF THE lines of weakness along which secondary erosion and valley widen- ing take place. Abrupt ledges are frequent and are often a source of great difficulty in ascending a peak by unsual paths. To the vertical jointing and erosion along the joints is also to be attributed the successive steps which are common features of the valley floors and give rise to numerous picturesque cascades. (See Plate No. IV.) Although the Catskills were overridden by pleistocene ice, signs of which are everywhere abundant, the ice appears not to have had any important effect upon the topography; rather, it con- formed to the broad slopes, only slightly moulding them here and there by the deposition of small quantities of glacial till or by the erosion of the sharper forms. The soil consists of a stony sheet of glacial till composed for the most part of a sandy loam. In the valleys and on the lower slopes it is of good depth, but becomes very shallow on the upper slopes and ridges. Places are to be seen where the surface of the ground is covered to a depth of several feet with large boulders, the only soil being a slight accumulation of decaying leaves and other debris. While in these places no water is ever found on the surface, it can often be heard running through the rocks a few feet below. Practically none of the land on the area described is of such a character that it could ever be used for agricultural purposes. In the forest cover the following types have been recognized characterized by differences of topography and composition of the stand: (1) The slope type comprises the area along the small streams and extends up the hillsides to the steeper slopes where a change to a certain extent in composition, but mainly in the form and height of the trees, becomes very marked. (See height tables for slope type and ridge type.) The most noticeable change in composition is the dropping out of such species as basswood, white ash and hemlock as one begins to ascend the steeper slopes and the prescence of balsam fir and black cherry on the upper slopes and ridges. The heaviest stands and best timber are necessarily found on the lower slopes where the deeper soil affords a more abundant supply of moisture and plant food elements. On the lower slopes PE LNG EST — SLOPE TH FoR GROW ND SECO FOREST RIDGE TYPE OF ConsERVATION CoMmMISsION 129 in places where the original stand has at one time or another been removed, excellent stands of second growth hardwoods have sprung up. (See Plate III.) Although such stands cover only a small part of the area, they form a striking contrast with the over- mature and decadent stands which cover the greater part of the area. (See Plate I.) The original stand found on the slope type was composed of a mixture of hemlock and hardwoods. During the period of the hemlock bark industry in this region, most of the hemlock was cut, the bark peeled and drawn to market while the bodies of the trees, representing many thousands of board feet of timber, were left to decay in the forest. The massive trunks of many of these old specimens may be seen lying in the woods, now in the last stages of disintegration and decay. A few of these large hemlocks standing in the most inaccessible situations were left untouched (see Plate V), but their numbers were insufficient to furnish seed to fill up the blank spaces, and the faster growing hardwoods now occupy the area; that is, the stand now consists mainly of beech, birch and maple, the greater part of which is overmature and suffering from decay and which could be better replaced by a more thrifty second growth. (Compare Plates I and ITT.) Conservative lumbering could well be practised on this type, since the character of the site is such that natural reproduction of the stand could be easily attained under silvicultural manage- ment. By so doing, this area could be made to produce valuable crops of timber, whereas, the present production is, in all proba- bility, more than offset by decay of the overmature timber. At present there is practically no reproduction of the stand in the slope type. The removal of the overmature and decadent trees would afford an opportunity for the beginning of a new crop. (Selection system. ) The forest floor is in good condition, plentifully supplied with litter and humus. Underbrush is not very abundant, being con- fined to such species as striped maple, mountain maple and witch- hobble. The genera! distribution of the tree species found in this type is as follows: beech, birch and maple are about evenly distributed 5 130 Fourth Annuat Report or THE throughout the type, but the larger trees are found in the moister situations where the soil is of superior quality. The ash and basswood is restricted to the deeper soils on the lower slopes and consists mainly of second growth which has come in since the removal of the hemlock from the original stand. The hemlock was formerly well distributed in this type, but now occurs only locally. Balsam fir and black cherry enter into the composition of this type to a very limited degree only. (See stand table 4.) This type comprises merchantable area of 1,730.48 acres with an average stand of 81 trees per acre and an unreduced volume of about 6,000 board feet of merchantable material. There are within this type also 131.57 acres of unmerchantable burn and 72.18 acres of cut-over land, making the total area of the slope type 1,934.23 acres. TaBLE 4.— Sranp Tasie Slope Type — Average number trees per acre based upon 84.86 sample acres. DBs Balsam | Hem- |} Beech | Birch | Maple Ash Bass- | Miscel- | Total loc. wood | laneous foo 34 4.07 3.88 Peleg .60 .60 12.79 .18 ol 3.75 2.95 1.62 .46 44 10.35 .06 .29 3.91 1.79 1.06 54 ol 8.32 O07 fol 4.13 1.51 1.07 34 .29 7.96 .06 33 2.85 1.14 .90 14 Ail ( 5.77 .O1 .ol 3.31 1.32 A 5) saul sled 6.12 ayetesarone +23 2.66 1.24 .74 .07 .18 5.14 Bra one 15 2.07 1.06 ate PAZ 12 4.25 ae res .09 1.41 ie ly .63 .07 .08 3.45 ora bhotece .09 1.20 1.15 .61 .04 12 3.21 DatSes .09 .67 1.13 .64 05 .06 2.64 A yetoteyaue .07 .44 .94 .49 .02 Ba lit 2.07 Ri cuetedets .04 .24 .69 53 .O1 .08 1.59 Sousdo .02 .16 .67 OUI ysverere .06 1.21 Sb rate .04 .09 -61 .ol .01 07 1.13 semen .04 .05 55 .29 .02 .05 1.00 eS .05 02 47 B20 Wi eteantane ore asa 81 area erat 02 .O1 54 ad Marake tee .O1 .80 eieno crete .02 .02 44 pe ts Mt Ieee ea .04 .63 aacvevaie or alt vere ce yapate|| Rraverenete .39 AU he Ciena yer eveul 48 Steheravcke .02 01 21 A retetavate One .35 Bos we SOS | ietehoioe .19 OTA ae akce ference .3l Sane arava | ore teicteree| nechersiaie .09 (0 ae) Mee a Sistevee ~t3 Eecre sical Renta cullen iaers .09 OD Ar tecere OM ee eparetere 12 Saino SOD eres eal .O1 Reduces sietetens eaten 13 Barrios | encore Peon roe .06 MOSM Cae rcnyrs aalaltys ayé.8 eae .09 Sra tebarane al ietovavexeer licen eaetens .04 HOSb | Oho ee AT Sates ehatotavate .O7 neers ZOD A ciate .O1 NOTH neh Meas Ite sanceevers sll wenekanetnes .03 Per arita:| le ene aCe OATS eh tent Peer Avevel oped. [wet neato] oecon ete .04 Rite Gell) exotetnea Mtns, etoyens SOT eerie revels Svea Seeiia ake averete -O1 Cie detect (ianeve toe. | ren otatets (1 180) Ree tee Sono o sic, eieiaretats -01 Fotal?. ohio. By f) 2.93 | 31.07 | 24.50 13.84 2.55 2.97 2.42 81.01 Pericent is). e... - Balsam Hem- Toole Beech FAQ Pane r eM ADS mao ADSL Maer oi (8 ial aro ees eee ase ef 1.43 | 49.45 Bens 32.60 nh ee 33.40 ape 28.35 tae 4,22 3.40 2.40 Pie ee. 28 Ne erga Page ae 3 6.96 |215.21 «13 4.22 3,730.96 72.90 2.43 .04 Miscel- laneous 69.15 1.35 5,117.45 134 FourrtrH AnnuaL ReEportT or THE On the northwest slope of Hemlock mountain there is within the slope type an area of 72.18 acres which has been heavily lumbered (See map). No attention was paid to natural re generation of the stand and as a result the ground is now oc- cupied by a rather dense growth of yellow birch, striped and mountain maples and pin cherry. In addition to the cut-over area, there is quite a large amount of land which has been burned over by fires. This area is now covered with a thicket of yellow birch in the small pole and sapling stages, other species being almost entirely absent. While this form of cover will afford protection to the site, such a stand is not desirable from the silvicultural or commercial standpoint (See Plate VI). Within the slope type 131.57 acres of burn have been segregated as being entirely unmerchantable (See map). There follow the volume and height tables for the principal species. (Table 8: Balsam Fir; Table 9: Hemlock; Table 10; Ash and Basswood; Table 11: Beech, Birch, Maple and Miscel- laneous Hardwood Heights.) TABLE 8.— VoLUME AND HeEricutT Batsam Fir Volumes based on table 41, U. S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin 55. Heights read from curve based on 53 trees. Peete, nae Yea (inches) (feet) feet) 7 35 13 8 38 21 9 40 29 10 49 39 11 44 51 oa 46 65 13 48 9 14 49 95 15 50 108 16 50 123 ieee 51 138 18 52 154 19 52 170 20 52 184 CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 135 TaBLeE 9.— VoLuME anv Heigut, Hemiock Volumes based on tables 6 and 12, Forest Service Bulletin 36, Heights read from curve based on 15 trees. pee Height ee inches (feet) feet) 7 40 20 8 43 31 9 46 42 10 49 58 11 51 13 12 54 93 13 56 116 14 58 143 15 60 172 16 61 204 17 63 947 18 65 293 19 66 340 20 67 389 21 68 439 99 70 499 93 a 543 24 72 593 25 16) 640 26 74. 684 Path 75 725 28 15 165 29 15 . 805 30 75 845 136 FourtH AnnuaL Report OF THE TaBLe 10.— Votume anp Heicgut, Basswoop anp AsH Volumes based on table 29, Forest Service Bulletin 36. Heights read from curve based on 156 hardwoods of slope type. paetaen Height Ee (inches) (feet) feet) tt 50 8 56 9 62 10 66 Ht 70 12 72 a, 13 75 70 14 17 92 15 78 shy 16 79 144 ag 7 173 18 80 210 19 80 254 20 80 295 21 80 345 22 80 400 23 80 455 24 80 520 25 89 585 26 80 655 27 80 725 28 80 800 29 80 15 ConSERVATION CoMMISSION aS if - Taste 11.—Harpwoop Hetents,* Storr anp Ringe Typzs Read from curves based on 156 trees for the slope type and 72 trees for the ridge type. Toran HEIGHT IN FEET, Brrecu, Brrcw, Mapie anp DIAMETER, BREaAsT-HiGH MISCELLANEOUS; HAaRDWoops* (Inches) Ts Cr ea ae ree ” AQ 30 8 45 33 9 48 35D 10 BOO at 38 1 55 40 12 BT 41 13 59 492 14 60 43 15 62 44 16 3 44 17 64. 45 18 ees 45 19 66 46 90 67 | 46 91 67 46 99 68 AT 93 68 47 4 69 47 ye 70 48 26 70 48 27 70 a 28 70 29 70 30 70 * Excepting Basswood and Ash, for which see Table 10 preceding. APPENDIX—PART II REPORT UPON THE RESOURCES OF THE _ FOREST PRESERVE [139] CONTENTS PAGE LISS SE XGY EN EY 75 RTE) 18 OR Net BE are WPS aS it SOE UPA eg Oe a 143 LB OTE a oR Boga ay lo wel Of Spa a ile ie a ek a ie aR Pa we 4 143 MRVE MUO Vege slert aera cPue Ths gee LU: Hie ere ee Oe eo its Baten Sig oe 143 UUGY TONG Lear es & Ss Suen SOOM Br as ME Be Oi Se CTC aR RE an Mra ats BRIE 144 (CIEPSCENEYCO Wirt Tidegaas ch Spite My a a panes ae en Oa ae gD ot BN as a gE nD IT oe Ri REN SD 148 Pe T ROE ick ee nih Oras: Bio Hs Se ue A icy as Oe A cl 149 MPP EC KESOUTCES es 4 ete eee tet ee ote a tat ed ess MOS eRe, 149 SAE SESE ra aude fae es «ENG cee eae atta keutetines aiekne © ates aoe af DECAL sale 149 AT COMER Rr tetas LEN Lunt Sah Seis tee nae he Scalia yA nay eB OE aee RC aler siete che 149 PPE SEEM DLO ys sie aye a he SINS ocle. costa wel on cra Pa cmap tenets Becka bei cman Le 149 Mea Le Saatcpin tere, chs Ree Ra Semi Tila eRe in Se ER asa it Ya Vink Gad Ne 149 PB yeaa terrae liars nein bata. ot et ette dol oeelaal eee aL OW.) ya eR tie 153 PLSD CL MP ESOL COR an ser menses te olerey eit a NSS RUM oe PR a TMP ae 153 ela Lesa ceteneacte cic aerieyet sete a Sait tera aye mal eee he belts epee fae Nesey rem h 154 OTIS SEER eh get on Meters ates sy'tie, So avasa tape TNs 1a S eashere oMeavaee! oe secre eel Pine loca eletere abe 165 IBEXE CMG Met cisopetocerel cscs sabate sik ehetdl stesso Fatatebey ten catstave tel alsin siete iairbeetenle he 165 EUS ener enterica pekerts cote See veteh as anaes Hee mari PaaS RR ae et oc de pe amen Tees 166 Constiiutiorialle Eo hab ilo: cvs ce reccretaeeee ee eee ee eae eho edd ees Seeoniie 169 Bier iaea AIR CL CAROTID ry ctrl cae ota) op oieh as ecete, Ao ahayays Gore ovate ate AONE a ate aie sees as oes 170 PE OME BASH ATCO Mar asyeter ate ores ta) ai airats ele aisle allele Ma >, wiles ates atone nucle Dee macy vs 170 (CEN SPH AGH OTA Se eee ee fo. A APCD CaCI CORIO Ee ee Re ae ater 170 GO GALE TO UW aerrae ise pe rate ickare heciteieeuc che eaice seta] oars eo vokinsen Br ieee od sea ntae an oie BE 171 PTE ZAE VOI Ol ccthUIMD Clea meee ct veri au te tee var eae eee a ie eee fa Ge a eae yal ACRIATYS SOREES co trete =e) oe eee ote aie are at eee Ca core aa ete sone nee ao, ao 173 HVAT ECE WIRE Rees pertena somo ois ore eas OIS RIA Leics ora Shue ck at sland, Me oss 174 Hire y Ee TOLCCHIOM seers c, sei alate choia ence aoa ois Cache eae een eos 175 HAM AMIC I EPA BP CCS op os s.racs aes ores 9a' oi! veui a wishaninee: aly ss hiaverore) ar, © a Sadcace Mifntewcates 17f BSE es ee reat oc Ras aie Ny unio, Sle any ite a Marare aati aN aan? oat) em laevaun ayo 177 INTRODUCTION The fact that the people of the State of New York are the owners of a vast forest area larger than the State of Delaware, but that on the other hand, they do not possess accurate informa- tion in regard to the forests thereon or the value of the property, is of striking significance. This Commission has during the past year attempted to examine the lands and compile data as to the resources of this great estate. Creation.— This large tract of land commonly called the Forest Preserve is a result of several State laws. The beginning was made when a statute passed in 1883, prohibited the further sale of lands within certain counties situated in the Adirondack and Catskill regions. Two years later the Forest Preserve (includ- ing these lands) together with a Forest Commission, for ad- ministrative purposes, was created. The act of 1883 automatically withdrew from sale approximately 800,000 acres of land, the major portion of which had once been sold by the State, later partially lumbered, and permitted by the owners to revert to the State for non-payment of taxes. The Preserve has subsequently been increased by other sales for taxes, direct purchases, appro- priation and through foreclosure of mortgages given by United States Loan Commissioners. The area now approximates 1,800,- 000 acres of both land and water. Inventory.— There has never been a thorough examination of these jands in order to secure competent data as to the quantity of timber or other property thereon. In 1902* an examination was made to ascertain the general character of the lands alone. In 1908 data was compiled for the National Conservation Con- gress and it was then estimated that the total stumpage of the entire State was 46,060,000,000 ft. B. M. Other recent estimates placed the stumpage on State lands at approximately 12,000,- 000,000 ft. B. M. These are the only previous attempts to use figures as a measure of these materials. The fact that the State is the owner of such a large property; that there has been much discussion by the people as to its use; * See Eighth Annual Report of Forest, Fish 2nd Game Commission. [143] 144 Fourta AnnuaL Report or THE and, furthermore, that the future management of these lands will be determined by the Constitutional Convention, made it a neces- sity that more accurate knowledge be secured. We, therefore, have made an attempt to procure and compile data of this character. Method.— The absence of funds for the performance of this specific task necesitated that the work be done by our field force at times when fire conditions permitted and in connection with their other duties. The approximately seventy forest rangers were instructed last August to make reports upon all lands within their respective districts. A copy of the instructions sent and blanks used are found herein. CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 145 CONSERVATION COMMISSION 259.0 Albany, N. Y., August 26, 1914. To Forest Rangers: We require reliable information along the following lines in regard to the State Forest Preserve: 1. Amount and kinds of timber. 2. Value of the material. 3. Quantity of camp sites, and their location. 4, General description of the land and timber. Your careful assistance is necessary in preparing this data. In order to secure uniform information, a blank has been prepared. We require a separate report upon each lot or lots situated together. Will you be careful in securing the information and preparation of your reports? We require a report upon all state lands in your district. In preparing the report give attention to the following points: 1. Lot number, tract or patent, township, etc. 2. All facts in regard to lumbering operations on the parcel. State whether hard or soft wood was cut, or beth. Approximate year of last lumbering. Size to which trees, generally, were cut on stumps. 3. Full report as to fires. Year they occurred. If light or severe burn. 4. If various parts of the lot are of different character, make separate or complete reports. 5. Make a diagram of lot and character of forest growth. 6. If the lot is covered with brush, give name of principal kinds of trees. 7. If land is open plains, marsh, blueberry plains, barren rock, water, so state. 8. If the lot contains a cut of timber, give best estimate of quantity and value as required. 9. The value required is the worth of the material on the stump. 10. Be sure to say if price is per thousand feet, cords, markets, stand- ards, ete. 11. The matter of camp sites is important because there is the possibility of the Constitution being changed und permitting their leasing. 12. Give your estimate of what camp sites of one acre ought to lease for per year, these figures separate for different lakes and ponds. 13. If there! is anything in these instructions which you do not fully understand, please write us at once. This work is of great importance. It must be done carefully and con- scientiously. A forester will be detailed to take charge of the matter and, your work will be checked. We hope that you will be able to complete all your reports by October 1. We will expect you to send them to us, as fast as completed, every week. We inclose blanks for your use. If you need additional supply advise us. Very truly yours, CONSERVATION COMMISSION, : By C. R. PETTIS, Supt. State Forests. 146 FourtH ANnNuAL REPORT OF THE INVENTORY OF STATE LAND Date CC | RrACt OKs PANG 1s. o/s @\nle.e atclesee CONSERVATION COMMISSION a (OrsGreaG JO) nis). .'sriotecs ss STATE OF NEW YORK OL Toho oiserID IS OLOIOIe Oo CARDIO SAR Oe te ote DOW ola’ shee P here foliceest eis eusia eco eeshonera PUG POR IID Yorn et locas ais ote’ als area wre ad etapa rer County, ioteratcsclaizinicccsous lebsisihew aieleie ais loyste elele 6/s\'s © 0 @, 0.0 0 © 6 6/0 0 0 6 ¢ 0 8 © 6 © 0 © 1c 0 6 0 » s-0 © = 2 6 0 cls 0 6 CCC OSM AETHER ee ee Ko HoH ESSE T OH MBit eee eeS Co TCE DOU EV eC CTO Dee BC eRe © ele)» s045) ne (ee!) e (ew (se) '6),0: 5) wi 0\\m, 6/16) 18/ a: ele) a 10) 0)/e\ 6 0) ©. 0 8) 10 e @ 5" 66" 0\e) 60 ne 0%s ee @ 0 Beep efte)s, elcle sees a i Cr oe oe | elle Cas @)miaje\s (es) 6.0.85 \e hee as 's.\6 je (016 (0) 0 0p 0) 60! 8 2) 2 ce eee (© «se. 0) «eee ea, 0"s v elle 0» 9's 2b) 6) rile eee e sta tole: «es. e%s|-s) ele 2/0) o (0) 6 60) 6's ales ele) © sw e-6, 6)e)/as) © -='6 @xelle are (s © 6's se1.0 [86 0. we 6 0/6, © [00.6 09 sete 66 ete | 0, 0) \6\0)'s.0!'s boss, o's ec 0's ib}. .6 jelle 01's soles ele 6) ere se) 6\s/e"6 SONI ye ee en Tal at Be Cr ee i ic er eet iC i aie Me SYS i a eat It ee ee ee fe or ee eee tery Pa ir ot pet J Ole 6 jes eefe es » see 6 ©. s6)6 = = 6 ot» © le 6 fe ® .<¢ a pie)», \¢ 0 a = 6/06. 6 os)s » oie © 0) 6 ciinje, elma © SRS CM SSC eT CR Cee DEK eee HEL eis ee DOS SIC CeCe KC Seo OD OTS CET MRED OOO ROO RTO eRe eee eee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee eee ee ee eseeeeeeseeseeseeeeseeeeeesesese Estimated miles of shores of lakes, ponds and large rivers Miles of good camp sites eer ee ees ee eee see ey Annual rental value of camp sites $............ per year (camp site 1 acre) Miles toy nearest Highways. eis ccs, ecrs seen. s ain oimys tobe aie wisictsteic's @ & 56,010 bieieenwee Area bearings smerchaniables LiMiD OL. 24 scc/eie!s oc nse eraiaiere Sorel oto teiote aimiarsels acres Area bearing only trees too small to be merchantable................ acres Area bearing no timber whatever (exclusive of water)............... acres Area in water Total area Remarks © (9) 2) 2 ‘e/a ete) ap (s)\0 -oL6)e sey s\-¢)0_¢, bse) «miei elle. 0 se «6.6 (2 ele 0) es) = a (es siiaie| as) mln.e els ‘ae esate! « se) ©..9(e (9),0)\6 se @he je els is) wed 4c, ohne a lele es) 06 'a/e.e ogee) oie) (ve) als) onelel eile, «os! e 6 « ein ines es Sas, etele elec! ane le rae he [e| la elie are, O08 8, ele 6) 2) nye) 6) 8 (Ouse oe. ee 0-68 a whe S.erei6ie) pa tup pi 6) ste) eee la) ae i070) |e ‘aa lee. el elehe, ele else mie» Sis )e (0s ale, © 0 (ee ejeds love jole|le jem cise) alae 6/4 len) s 0) 16 &e(e slo\'s (oes © wrele aisle aleele 6) siele las «siee sia ens io +} ais is, 0 eiere)eyateia is elle se te) e)e 0 \m16 01s) eo. Os) © ehe\ ets ellere siete oss vl sis piu si! eis «le nt (enelele,» sie es jsjslee le 2) 6) 8) (8) e010) ee le te eae 8)ie (© aie 0 idee, a w.fe e610) 6) 0\ 0) 6 ie. skel se, 0) « silele ia loys telexal eatin) ieee @leis)e) 6-eleitela state °) [52/0 Biel ae\ eehe)(6.P].e/\e lero 2 mia ala’e ia teve ais) wile lb ale)e 0)\6,\-6\ie) oi0\e/'s elle’ se =v elele se /a\e sis) 6 sisije)-ere\ eo leiisisee a age ils) eiaihe laine )s) ise sip «/ ee! eee.) ere Belele) 06.6, 6\p a le 6 e)\s \e, wise)», 0,0 60 0.8, 0.0 0 eye ele ce. .o's a tats/elesietels Sie) ele) <\s\s) (nists © eis) 0/«, vies) ¢)(a\\u) 0) 6 6 a)\6 0) 0s) 0 ee © 0/8\e\ele ee @1v © 6 0) 6 e)\e.6e we © 0.0 0 0 6,56 mie es eteraainas corer er ers e ese ese eeseee sees eee eee eee eee eereeese etree ee eee ernee eee een eseeee® eeoeceeecrececereeeerce eee eee eee eestor eeseeneeeeeceeFe ee eo eee ese ee es eee eee eee eens CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION TIMBER ESTIMATE im bEreas aren. Kieu nse assess Gs 147 «eee. -ACTES SPECIES Spruce .2). svn: Ft. B. M.; cords or markets Stumpage | value per unit of 1 ESTs ye Wes ihn ss WS aR cd ae ll (eal Spe lt ae ak ib ree pal eas ee Hemlock aac TRENCH ETL GE ve hee 3 ALG wee, | [Ne Recah Re MoS Sm ee (ete s Rate aR ei ta 2 Bie ie lee C2 SLs Wal Mee Se em eee Torat SoFTWOODS..... IMiaple siiisteyesetositiaue logo sve Wherry ert eet [te eee Sete Ae Oaks. (i hestauvee years ee 148 FourtH AnnuaL Report OF THE The rangers were, generally speaking, men who were ex- perienced in lumbering and log scaling, and familiar with the tracts they were asked to examine. ‘They examined these lands, interviewed competent people who were familiar with the lands and timber; secured knowledge of past operations; con- sulted maps showing the burned areas and otherwise secured im- portant and helpful information. It must be borne in mind that this data is based upon ocular estimates of timber except in rare cases where more accurate figures were available, together with other reliable information. They incorporated the results of their work on the report blanks. These blanks were again checked by men familiar with the lands and the results compiled by a forester.| We do not claim that the figures are absolutely correct, but that they represent the best that could be done under the circumstances and will be very useful. CLASSIFICATION The information secured has been compiled in three ways. We have computed the area of lands of different character; the quantity of timber by species and location; and finally the extent of shore front suitable for camp sites. The Preserves are situated in the Adirondack and Catskill regions; form parts of sixteen counties; consist of nearly seven thousand parcels; are bounded by approximately nine thousand miles of lines; and are intermixed with several times their area of private holdings. The area in its entirety is technically called the “ Forest Preserve.” The portions which lie within the Adiron- dack or Catskill counties are more particularly referred to as either the Adirondack or Catskill Preserve. There has been established by statute* in each of these sections a park which includes the more central portions of these territories. The park boundaries are indicated on our published maps by a heavy blue line. They include both State and private owned property. ‘The idea of a park line has been to define an area within which the State should, as a matter of policy, confine its acquisition of lands + The author wishes to acknowledge the services of Arthur S. Hopkins, a forester of this Commission, who carefully compiled data secured by the several rangers. * Conservation Law, sections 51 and 52. FOREST PRESERVE COMPARATIVE AREAS TOTAL (821,614.37 ACRES MERCHANTABLE FoREST -66.1% Non-MERCHANTABLE ForREST 144% DENUDED LAND 6.4% WATER 13% UNCLASSIFIED LAND 0.1% ConsERVATION COMMISSION 149 for preserve purposes. This explanation is made for the reason that the sale of outside lands has been advocated by many and, therefore, our data has been compiled separately. Area.— The definition of the Preserve (Sec. 50, Conservation Law) reads as follows: “‘ Sec. 50. Forest Preserve. The forest preserve shall include the lands owned or hereafter acquired by the State within the County of Clinton, except the towns of Altona and Dannemora, and the counties of Delaware, Essex, Franklin, Fulton, Hamil- ton, Herkimer, Lewis, Oneida, Saratoga, St. Lawrence, Warren, Washington, Greene, Ulster and Sullivan, except 1. Lands within the limits of any village or city, and 2. Lands not wild lands acquired by the State on foreclosure of mortgages made to loan commissioners.” There will be found on the following pages statistics and other data showing the character of these lands. Timber.— We have also summarized the reports and prepared tables showing the quantity of merchantable timber by species and by counties, also according to location within and without the parks. Camp Sites.— There are along our hundreds of lakes and ponds ideal camping places, and the advisability of leasing a portion of these areas has been discussed. Our study and tabula- tion includes this possible resource. On account of the importance of these subjects they will be treated under the three divisions, viz.: Area, timber resources, and camp sites. AREA Description.— The statutory Preserve includes not only lands with forests, second growth and brush, but also denuded areas, marshes, and lands under water. The first purpose must be to consider the land from the standpoint of forest growth and adaptability. The classification has been taken as of two gen- eral groups, viz.: Timbered and non-timbered and then follows a further delineation of each group. Tables.— Table I represents the summary of the data of all kinds in both Preserves and both within and outside the parks 150 Fourta ANNUAL Report OF THE Table II gives similar information for only the areas within the two parks. Table ill includes the areas outside the two parks. It will be noticed that no parts of Clinton, Fulton, Lewis, Oneida or Washington counties lie within the parks, and that no portion of Hamilton county is without the Adirondack park. These figures show that 75 per cent. of the area within the parks, con- stituting 1,134,631 acres, contains merchantable timber, while 15 per cent. more (225,096 acres) is also forest-covered although the growth is not of merchantable size. It is, therefore, ob- served that 90 per cent. of the lands within the parks are forest covered. A further examination indicates that 3.5 per cent. is water and 6.5 per cent. is denuded. TABLE I Lanp CuassiFIcaTIon, Forest PRESERVE Entire Area TIMBERED NON-TIMBERED COUNTY ; Unclas- Total Non- | sified Merchant- | merchant- | Denuded Water able able ADIRONDACK Acres Acres Acres Acres Acres Clintenrer scence 6,337.83 4,004.28 3,330.66 | 37,850.00 145.81 51,668.58 ssexs Sees 167,327.54 |105,978.25 | 31,178.26 | 58,591.30 | ....... 363,075.35 Branikcliny cele. 01 89,957.57 | 35,640.35 | 32,362.51 | 12,690.80 | ....... 170,651.23 Multonseseer aes 19,787.25 1,462.92 1,503.10 Ly dil O Aa eidinyc 23,274.85 Hamilton....... 542,942.33 | 32,492.88 | 23,711.32 | 22,364.42 |] ....... 621,510.95 Herkimer....... 171,729.91 | 16,316.73 632.87 TAGSZELDE | Mets clece ate 196,311.64 TB WASW patina 1,380.32 2,201.43 1,119.63 PSLOO ME crane 4,716.38 Oneidar ss. 2,193.00 1,979.04 UL N73502515 23, 294000 esc ae 28,639.06 St. Lawrence.... 19,244.91 | 12,265.30 8,421.54 | 40,695.07 | ....... 80,626.82 Saratoga........ 7,272.00 1,949.94 846.60 ZIOONN Sse eisrareis 10,070.54 Wiarrenon saeiae 95,441.13 | 21,480.52 8,066.98 | 30,161.69 | ....... 155,150.32 Washington..... 670.00 1,095.00 378.00 WET OOANY core trerctere 4,320.00 Rotel cartes 1,124,283.79 |236,866.64 |112,724.49 |235,994.99 145.81 |1,710,015.72 CATSKILL 10,150.75 1,860.36 TOC AOO Ne ayerstecse = 162.00 13,250.11 4,789.22 7,845.54 622.50 2.00 36.00 13,295.26 Sat cab cokeoatets 823.60 QTOWOD Md arerarecetemien Wi iclstsyetoare 1,043.55 65,314.33 | 16,130.65 1,114.60 121.50 |1,328.65 84,009.73 Totallse cai 80,254.30 | 26,660.15 3,034.05 123.50 |1,526.65 111,598.65 SUMMARY Adirondack...... 1,124,283.79 |236,866.64 |112,724.49 (235,994.99 145.81 }1,710,015.72 Catskills scis. cise 80,254.30 | 26,660.15 3,034.05 123.50 |1,526.65 111,598.65 —_—_——$ $$ | | | Grand total..|1,204,538.09 [263,526.79 {115,758.54 |236,118.49 |1,672.46 |1,821,614.37 N_“e2_2.0Hl_FHOHTOHrnaRjRm>rNm>m>P—YjRE _lHHOOj HEEHEHEEOTHOemrroroO0WeeOmnnSSS——————SSSSSSsSsS Forest PRESERVE COMPARATIVE AREAS Lands OuTsIDE PARKS 313,277.37 ACRES MERCHANTABLE Forest €2% NON-MERCHANTABLE FOREST !2 % WATER 59.5% UNCLASSIFIED LAND 0.5% ConsERVATION CoMMISSION 151 TABLE II Lanp CuassrFicATIoN, Forrest PRESERVE Within Parks | TIMBERED NON-TIMBERED COUNTY | Nonz Uncelas- Total Monshant: merchant- | Denuded Water sified ie able ADIRONDACK Acres Acres Acres Acres Acres USSE XS syeteinieyalcrecats 164,232.59 | 97,889.55 | 29,723.13 2,432.00 244,277.27 Franklin..... San 82,555.57 | 33,495.35 | 26,842.00 | 11,676.80 154,569.72 Hamilton. ...... 542,942.33 | 32,492.88 | 23,711.32 | 22,364.42 621,510.95 Herkimer, 54.5... 165,766.40 | 16,014.66 570.65 7,632.13 189,983.84 St. Lawrence.... 18,730.91 | 10,278.00 7,198.58 6,695.07 42,902.56 Saratoga’... ..)::.. 1,860.00 37.00 472) 000 5. ee SS. 2,369.00 WALTON rsa ce sicre 82,482.20 | 11,539.25 5,794.88 1,469.69 101,286.02 Rotallsicers cae 1,058,570.00 |201,746.69 | 94,312.56 | 52,270.11 | ....... 1,406,892,85 CATSKILL Delaware....... 6,226.50 749.00 DO OOM Meret ate rtectan | HactekeuAlw lots 7,031 50 Greeneicnijeiserel 4,789.22 7,845.54 622.50 2.00 36.00 13,295.26 Sullivan..... Aehs| (Are Seer eee 57.00 BLOOM |e Siete eye cerorcices |lcrse vane 114.09 Wbter 3.2 .e0car 65,045.38 | 14,697.40 1,077.85 121.50 54.75 80,996.88 Motel svete 76,061.10 | 23,348.94 1,813.35 123.50 90.75 101,437.64 SUMMARY Adirondack......|1,058,570.00 |201,746.69 | 94,312.56 | 52,270.11 | ....... 1,406, 899.36 Catskill. 3.5. boc 76,061.10 | 23,348.94 1,813.35 123.50 90.75 101,437.64 Grand total..|1,134,631.10 }225,095.63 | 96,125.91 | 52,393.61 90.75 |1,508,337.00 fesse Or ko COUNTY BIsSeX. foe ee Fulton........ St. Lawrence.... Saratoga...... Warren ste 5) Delaware..... Sullivan....... Wister se os ccavers Adirondack.... Catskills i222 Grand total.. Fourrnu Annuat Report OF THE TABLE AIT Lanp CrassiFIicaTION, Forrest PRESERVE Outside Parks | TIMBERED NON-TIMBERED Non- N puch merchant- | Denuded Water ae able ADIRONDACK Acres Acres Acres Acres ae 6,337.83 4,004.28 , 330.66 | 37,850.00 ele 3,094.95 8,088.70 1,455.13 | 56,159.30 at 7,402.00 2,145.00 5,520.51 1,014.00 on 19,787.25 1,462.92 1,503.10 521.58 fe 5,963.51 302.07 GZEQ2 a caste ches ae 1,380.32 2,201.43 1,119.63 15.00 sd 2,193.00 1,979.04 1,173.02 | 23,294.00 514.00 1,987.30 1,222.96 | 34,000.00 Ea 5,412.00 1,912.94 374.60 .00 os 12,958.93 9,941.27 2,272.10 | 28,692.00 Buy 670.00 1,095.00 378.00 2,177.00 ve 65,713.79 | 35,119.95 | 18,411.93 |183,724.88 CATSKILL ats 3,924.25 1,111.36 POZE OOM rece oe Phil beer LEN heat 766.60 UG ZNO DI Micctarnere 6 AG 268.95 1,433.25 ce 59ers Eel oer. te Wa pee ih ey afc Deo Pe ony eae me SUMMARY ae 65,713.79 | 35,119.95 | 18,411.93 |183,724.88 eis 4,193.20 3,311.21 2202708 | Oa ee 69,906.99 | 38,431.16 | 19,632.63 88 [188,724. Unclas- Total sified Acres 145.81 51,668. Erte fous 68,798. 5 ashe 16,081. eR & 23,274. Gi et 6,327. asa ates 4,716. berets 28,639. st ee 37,724. Bones Mato BEY id Sete 53,864. Pena eee: 4,320. 145.81 303,116. 162.00 6,218. RAN aie 929. 1,273.90 3,012. 1,435.90 10,161. 145.81 303,116. 1,435.90 10,161. 1 58L271 313),.277. FoREST PRESERVE COMPARATIVE AREAS ADIRONDACK AND CATSKILL PARKS 1508337. ACRES MERCHANTABLE Forest 75 % Non-MERCHANTABLE FOREST WATER 3.49 % “* UNCLASSIFIED LAND 0.01% CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 153 The figures taken as a whole show a total area of 1,821,614.37 acres divided as follows: Merchantable forest ........... 1,204,538 acres 66.1% Non-merchantable forest ........ 263,527 acres 14.4% Wenmumded Varede JL site. eS 115,759 acres 06.4% Wirbenirit aero ott ied pate ore ea 236,118 acres 13. % Umelassinies,. WH aise Bie giiite, eer: 1,672 acres 00.1% They further show that 313,277 acres are not contained in either park, and that of this area 69,907 acres have merchant- able timber, 38,431 acres have non-merchantable timber; 19,633 acres are denuded; 183,725 acres are water, with 1,582 acres additional unclassified. The total water area 236,118 acres includes 183,725 acres outside of the Adirondack park, while all of the remainder, ex- cept 123 acres, lies within the Adirondack park. The large area outside includes lands under water in Lake Champlain, Lake George, St. Lawrence and Hudson rivers. The 52,270 acres of water within the Adirondack park are the beds of many lakes and ponds. The lands outside the two parks are by no means valueless. The tables show that 55 per cent. of the Adirondack land and 41 per cent. of such Catskill areas supports merchantable timber. There are instances where such lands are very valuable and should be used for agriculture. Types.— It would have been desirable to submit information showing the extent and location of forests according to their character and composition. Such data is very useful and would be helpful in formulating a forest policy. Maps, which show the location of areas according to forest composition, are called “type maps.’ They could not be attempted on account of the insufficiency of funds. TIMBER RESOURCES The amount, kinds and quality of timber found upon these lands will be of particular interest to some, and of general in- terest to all. These facts, together with the cost of lumbering, 154. Fourta Annual Report oF THE determine the value of this State property. There are so many factors affecting value that we have not attempted to make an ap- praisal but have limited our efforts to ascertaining the quantity of each kind of lumber. Tables.— The accompanying tables IV—XX show totals for all species, separate summary for hard and soft woods, together with itemized reports by species for each county. The figures are further classified and indicate stumpage inside and outside of parks. COMPARATIVE QUANTITY OF TIMBER ON Forest PRESERVE Y Y / SPRUCE Z Y y G GY Barsam Z Z O ae ae Z Dene Deu PINE: TAMARACK = CEDARS 7 207 32/7 7 Shows quantity outside the Parks 155 ConsERVATION COMMISSION FIZ‘ LT0'S |L98'98'S |FPL‘T6 GLE ‘16 989'860°T |299°9¢ 168°8 ZES ‘OT £18 0F TLE‘ TIL‘G#8°L |606'E61'S |8o2 ‘28 €FT SL S18‘ L90‘T |I8T ‘81% £09'FLT |89‘eer zee‘Fst | 669‘ LTT 76'S Lee'% LO8‘FI [229 SI +19 ZOE ZL8'91e | 289‘ 9ST T86‘SL —|868'ZF ooe‘OZT | 268 ‘OF Ze0'1T =| ge8°Z 120'9 __ |9¢6 OLT‘TSO'T |629‘0G8 689 FL8'F |STF'969'T 60T'E8 | FIO FF COT‘FZ0'T joceezg LPL‘OLO | ES¥'Z¥S 1062 0828 BpoomM -paey] 170 IPO, puri GLE's 969 ‘OF FG 009 GGL, GL1'S a SP COP IT 190‘ 82 PLZ'F GZL‘ OT Esieideiiere;s 06‘ TI Peierls 000° Or SOT 099° CEL‘ O8T geg's¢ — |6TS'9 «=| 86F'Z9G ~— |SZ6‘ ¥89 00'S |LPL'S = GLL‘OT =| F281 800'T ” |962 L¥R‘03 — |L66‘0TS 6e9'T fee's —«|9ST‘Sz | FOL 8 690°€ TOT oF §poom bee mvjdog aide you SPOR OOT‘68L | 298 ‘069‘F |TEF eF8'St |90p'eL |6co'ERs 18s ‘FZ GGg ‘OF ote ee eee aera . eee esP'9 BIS'FOL |Z0S'6tO'F |TEF e98'ST |e20'S2 929928 79'S | £8998 SII 290 'F BLE 126 ‘2 Been s Te ad CFS ‘T SIZ 080'T Ze Ze ost 16 TL6‘'Ih | S8T‘Z6T Q0S'TT /0G8‘¢e 8F6‘IT | £20‘ 88 62° —|890‘9 OIG = |EBR'EL 0cg‘9 —_|9¢2 ‘OT OLF 6st'g | Soeuen non ose Gg0'¢ ze £80'T FIF‘0L — | T6F‘OEL 69 1¥9 ‘611 are‘ess | FLT'829's |°"'*"*""|296'9 —|Tz¢‘TF |996‘0z9 FIO RT C6P' Se ee Gg 608 ‘ZI oz'scr jocz'spe [°° logz oue'9 — |zeg‘ TIT 11Z‘€9 |F62‘LER BES GOO'T |F69'S | 82za'TS Henares nents Shira | 4 bit ae oB1 qooog, ata Ane | P80) | Md | OI salogag HAUHSHUd LSHAOL TVLOL £6‘ 106 89 ‘T 082‘ 006 ¥89‘T £80'8¢ 108 ‘3 6g9°8 OTT e&P GPS PZT 086 ‘86% 186 ‘6 186 ‘SIT 198°08 LO CSTE ¥89 ‘218° oge'ze 628'08L'2 629 ‘08 96L'T OIT 9FL‘98 616 ‘02 STL‘T 9TL‘2 609°E OST ‘98F TOL 609°T 029 ‘ST 198 ‘812 892‘ T08 19F'S aommdg See ese sess 7en0q puede Sect ty ei **syoepuostpy 1640, tte teeeeeeee raga ste eeeeeessgugginy Deteeeeeseseee es -argMBrocy serses ses ssses soa BUTqSB AL tees e esses eee et ma TB AL *BZ0}VIEG seeseses sss -gomOIAMeT “4G ocncc “gprau() ‘ “9999 youTOFT “+++ ToqTtaEyy Deere es -TOgmT Sree smpMBaT + xagant Ste ee esse eeeseeee gona ee eee eee eeee ALNNOO LIGA] GUVOG JT ‘SAIOGdG ANV SHIENNOD Ad “ADVAWALG dO AUVWWAG —'AT FIEVE, Fourtn AnnuaL Report oF THE 156 i eee OE SsSSSSsSsS———— S————————aaSs———0—0—0—0—0—0 pp ee ne 6G9'989'L |LIT‘S9T‘S 1€86°28 rea ed [oa teen a 292691 629‘62I |282'9 16Z‘L1¢'2 |88¢‘Se0'S |961 ‘92 Z80'60Z |669°LIT [G28°¢ $929 1268'S =| ¥9% 8hL ‘6 £096 StI ‘T FL0'6PS |SeZ‘69T jO0F‘OT $26 LI O6L‘TT 066‘T 66h STI, GCC‘ OF ee ee E86'1Z0' |g99‘9TS 1099°8 686 PLL ISTP'969'T |9Ee's¢ LOP'196 | F8L'FS9 [8 . 8Z8'E29 12668 |209'T SpoomM gpoos | pac is a SHoauey 840 OL | -joo81y pues _ LUG] GUVOg JW ‘SHloddg GNV SHMLNNOD Ad ‘ADVAWALY 40 AUVWWAS —'A BIAVL, PFS CL GES‘ 9T 199 2£0' OT Decne 890 ‘GT 61g'9- 962 669° LZ aejdog 916‘9S0'T 88168 821 ‘LT0'T 2L0'F€ 168 G28 ‘F T¥8‘ FL OFF‘ E SPF '6I 02 ‘F8 G6F' 29S 298° LOL FOI GL olde £68‘ L021 16L ‘SP GOL‘ GOTT youigy IS PPL + ChP ICSF | Teh ZoL‘st |z6s'e9 |9e9'css 296698 |F6L'9TL‘S 12682 PT veteeeeefereeserelereeeerl ggg 790'T _ lece‘ze OSs‘0cL GOL‘ TSP‘ F |T&P ZGL‘SI 269 |Zh6'9TS |€8L'L98 |6EF'F89's F091 T9998 Bereta saber nen sy a7)? #89'T |629'08 ze 126'% vevteeeefereeeeeslTQZ ey reverse lazy OT eee 'T CFs, sereeeesfereeeen lage sooner pel cprauoy 988 ‘8E GEE GLT ; “""1eg9'G 108688 90g‘ 2g |1S3°28 09%‘ €&1 9 fee ee alr Spe es coal] OOO Tes gl OF OE 662 00L'S 610‘ST LLG BL te en (TOL Om Coane TPS ‘91 100'8 |€S2 TE |FSL‘ #9 STe SOL 1661 hae orers 1K \4 TOS'EIT STB‘ GST |120' 69%, ZPO‘E8e | PLT'829°S | °°" "°**"1296"9 TLG‘TF |696'0c8 |086 ‘86% |10L°609'T osg-zct |2£19 907 | j0L $029 |Z0G'60L |126'66 Ges 06T 681 ‘£9 PS8 SEF GES GOO'T |FeI'S |8E8'OS: [29808 [822 662 qooog ent tae wepog | oulg | yoojmopy | wiespeg | oonsdg smo mag SMUVd NIHLIM “+*-yeq03 pues "** * STTEYS}@D 1890,L “""syoepuolIpy [840], poaaaoos (ia) vee e sess sgugadey ess OIBMBIC tees WadTe weeee “BDOJEIEG tees e sess QQUQIMUT "49 +o JouIryIa Fy Sees ogee py vee unpsfueay senses ygggm ALNNAOD 157 ConsERVATION CoMMISSION ——_—_— eee — agg ‘0ge 1#Z° FIP SZE OFL ‘TOT 6II'F 129‘ LST Sspoom AN 1810.1, 19T‘8 Te¢‘8T OLL ‘TF #09‘T veveereesslaggey Lgg'9 Teg ‘81 $89 ‘OF she esha eee | GOT) aE £@I OL (4d EL‘ 10F'S 080° Or G66 tfrtereee seed ogg ST 19& Treseeeseslngaery LOLS SLL‘ 01 SAAD La --lage'g PH0'S é 690°€ 10L spoon -pie steadet Injdog edu “POST 619° FF S16‘S9T | TST F10‘OI Oss BolT eres (cot 691° SF €6L°L91 | Tet 1896 verter eelaay veeeeee sony 0g8 000°T pe ee G1Z ze Ze seeetee logy ce9's 998 ‘21 ES PAR EG 88h ‘6 066 ‘9 Sees OCH OST 991 'T og 8L OLF 681 ‘8 Nine Neral Maaonearesete G8E ¢80'¢ 8 (64 099'¢ 921 '% rysversvotet tht trocserarerte t10'8T G6F' 8S eco iil) Lg8°¢ eel GP no area 22 OFFS verses lige Sota taregsts 1968 69 OCF int spoomyjos | |,, o qooog, PIO, rEepag auld sao mdg SMUVd ACISLAO 89°62 |L9F'CS eaPr‘og |z9P‘ce * |068‘S6 6B) ER Rae aon | arenisent 068 6 Dee eeeee eee eeeeseossrmOg DOB eMiaidiagotel? intapesey ele 6 "+9 “SIITHS}BO [BIO . seeeeese ss “SHOBpuolIpy [BJO], voeeecag og) see ines Gali ere Bia --ameMepaq 16 Ce et OIT “TOPZUTYSE AA 026'T 229 COFFE Terese ss Ode AA StF |800°2 612 ‘ST esses s* B90} BBG ST ggg Cor “*** QouaIMe’'y “9g LES 9IT 9TL‘2 ae ae BRU) €80'T |esF 609° Be eee UNL 02'S }208‘% 621‘ L1 See oULyaL 608 ‘ZT |186'6 019‘ ST cL gah oemeaLOD TUT oze'z lor0‘9t orgteg [orecceceteeeseeeeeeeeeeee es «mmm ase a bt EES 00s Loe Tope [ccetteteeseeeteeeeeseeeee ees roquttg yoorwayy | wesyeg | aonidg ALNAOO La GUVOg JA ‘SUINddg ANV SAILNNOD Ad ‘ADVAWALG JO AUVWWAG—'JA ATAVY, 158 Fourra AnnuaL REportT OF THE Taste VII.— Torat SOFTWOOD Srumpacse M Bp. Fv. COUNTY BSCR aie ha kote tate co) boNexs cache aie esas cad Rete eta ioe ae 1 DUN boy SUS MeN crs SEARO OR Re ea AUER CAS, Wiamn IN Jere Aura tonal ue Warren 263 25 Masha s Gyep ohare ee dakar DI ae Poet ae toner WY ASHI gabon aie eis aes uehatk untetete ee cetera mee hols hens ein team tebe OA WALC cancer he eee ee are ere cren erento ae aa Lee GTEETIE ha, 55 cE eRO StS See Cae I one Se Mee US Gere iss ieee bate lee teeor there h tereate aE ON Li mle bose eh Lotal Adirondacks; Muoce rays araPectiieasietre er een Motale@ aisha Sper recs oh ete oc veo orice tec ckee vere Within park 2,678,174 705,315 2,927 36,561 4,481,709 39,733 4,521,442 Outside park 3,981 3,440 42,133 38,495 167,793 1,122 168,915 Total 3,981 437 , 294 448,750 38,495 2,678,174 730,491 5,085 8,189 73,443 33,073 192,185 342 1,245 2,927 36, 683 4,649,502 40,855 4,690,357 Taste VIII.— Toran HARDWOOD Srumpacr M Bp. Fv. COUNTY Essex WWTP ONT acest LES 5 ces ae tare wi oice eel nate eieene areNa ete tenes heatpet es H Wrashinetonicccrthsse oiuey ata es tere poe Salt eeaye cipnatiaua cavatla vote | DGlA Ware oircie cia tetera Cet aed Se arrest valet naeperetem trie Greene s2 ieee ei Beh rere ene ches euesahesovstev saree Byers east Wilsterscisveleccecs- cat le aetna ete e Sore eere Doren trannies Detects Total AditronGrekss iv vacos cree, araienerecwralapeogeRereke voles manieneteye MTotali Catskills) cys lsstvessiie te creas wrsroie oneal stances Grand totaly ahretiays,ccaletatoiove’s tote tenses’ a cons aileva atlervetetiote 3,035,588 239,974 554,784 11,790 169,735 129,529 3,165,117 161,740 Total 2,327 117,699 3,193,209 133,648 3,326,857 ConsERVATION CoMMISSION 159 Taste 1[X.— Tora, Stumpace, ALL SPECIES, M Bp. Fr. Within Outside COUNTY pauls park Total TING OM Se ise eS eae ht MOR ile Tela ce Shar raze fare ronatoterecetosei|lersiars alae othe 7,201 7,201 ORCS eRe ean ARCO OO COTO PMN Vande atin tor alo foysire tehens 673,828 5,919 679 , 747 lig he ans BP Shoe Ayeind Senin cipicicte Gmina GG Soren 961,481 62,704 1,024,105 ERD ea Skee ors eo yauonck Meee atevete “ole are cuore vetal a touedoratavauoreve levevenetaneberellll coecacsuerwcers ore 83,109 83,109 EV cerea gl BOR ore oars coc tone tain savorctaleete er eee eres kale te watar ap syste APTA DSOw Nh escke cere ste 4,374,589 VOrilnie rect cps eerste eusie ions oreie stoi crate wis teackecotenmcstencne 1,021,983 59,187 1,081,170 Se ede aa EMRE relia Let ence eee heneh saat ere et aud ete eden ss ME aroreeiel Seaishe 6,021 6,021 TENE aren hereto Te es ae rece alee eect clatia, this Parewstayat stench ste Wy levcanuenaye state 11,022 11,022 Bi Geelneren CO esy ion loiaic eine cia shataemeheaa ea etevenetetanchavanniebansnate 118,499 1,801 120,300 DATAEO DAE her ista eet cieh es uskc casio teroielcnelersusictakebsacreh eve tet ohay Ns 17,923 58,008 75,931 NVMISRET INE cert ci otevaee devel och cancer a teMaey alain) ol tutsy si autos Sicueroglatfel sacs 349,074 29,798 378, 872 \vecinabeaalane eS take ain s eu caiicr theo Glolo Mice LENE Ord BELO SO eel lance Hae eae 644 644 ADA Tae ait ccs ome OO EULER CORE EEL ICH CRANE CR ONCE 9,748 5,119 14,867 (Pes) a) oo aeae es aan CRE OIENG eACIS CRMC EE eicRetice eLtictec Gite a By OA | treierevereneans 5,254 MEDS EGR ee tater cetarea delat WoPaneac’ oer axakeme rnatian ay « ion abs elleeenepeuerenegoveyey s 154,260 122 154,382 OGHUTA GITONGAGCKS's syeleis 2 ois cies ale ishele eysi'd syste Sietielsicoya eh 7,517,297 325,414 7,842,711 PHObAL Ca tekall say aie) wc tvcie acitcolenavess; siete cucies oetebers eae erate 169 , 262 5,241 174,503 GersriG SOO Gala cis ta arercraveseval ave rauetote vais laceree o citer che ehereuerereee 7,686,559 330,655 8,017,214 Taste X.— SPRUCE Srumpace M Bp. Ft, Within Outside COUNTY park park Total Bionic SeNs WE See tates i 01 are SN aren tor BED Gae A My RIES Tr 2,461 2,461 lORGO<-, Ce Wigeoco0s. 6 odomedauEe mo mnodgde boc ecuanoer 299 ,278 2,490 301,768 sO ETL Sob SOIR CIDER TSU ORES DOREE Ae OCI IO OIE 190,235 23,626 213,861 INT woo po bao roo Gum gunoo Ua Do oUOMmO CO OneMad con| (Hobo Rascon. 15,670 15,670 Hell Pore i pees ae aS SAL ae rotator os een Se > BOONTON Rs 50s oyae 1,609,701 Herkimer THO Cay CO DOO ROE AO DO REO Cr Cmae oie 469 ,021 17,129 486,150 ILS Be ogi sooo vouuddmorcd sdoUODmES Ouro odesdollgucomadoue 3,509 3,509 Orrerd ae eee ae orate ec areleia chases arelete retereraaleieieeren lhectte pavetets 7,716 1 f16 Gel wrenmecre rss state icicle co atone eteboraceln oiecearacecetavontes 31,253 465 31,718 SAT ALOR Ae see ratcver at tate tel ahonas bie ec alintor teres Foren areal verodetaceabe acre 2,700 18,219 20,919 \WWEERDenoaood ndebuodadduadoocUbe aoOnDeds UboRDaoD 82,251 4,495 86,746 VIAS HINT COMI operatayrsveratohe avever ovis sicie osysi sia eyauara x s/se8.scararsvete AGinoin tars 110 110 NGECCHO er rer erat ee tote a a teie als cote atinnctdha’ oven; sr udev a. ol ok stetelsene, 3a AM fiat Bie lat eaveaterone evens 1,726 MIS GET Apcyarereiatsteveres chckore vaio) oiatotare travel aal’erweleials a8 bugteie boas SO G29 site sic eae 30,629 SO GAIPAGIFONGAACEA vayerolofatayeleteReNetoraeraie) avs aielele(aliois\=t-t-yal 2,684,439 95,890 2,780,329 MotaliC atakallaiay Hier Cech ssiavecayetoraotale teres eiewe ors cle sane Oz GOON Veelateriererecacs 32,5900 Granidstotalncens sty aleranvereicis ot aroderecsreceel alae ete 2,716,794 95,890 2,812,684 160 Fourth Annuaut Report oF THE Taste XI.— BALSAM Srumpace M Bp. Fv. z P Within Outside COU NTY park park Total GU TEO Th ee ec ees C er ai an ee eel ORT as cle va eal a pe a 507 507 1 EVEISsy, chet ra Sera Dee Ly iy eee Keen Ps (ane WA Bb ainerrss Bah onStay SO aaa) lactase 80, 367 Ne yay al el soe ep Caer oe 0 we aE ide SAU eh Rc bes eae ERO re ee Oe 99,921 16,010 115,931 BT E orn eee ere et eee ices Seca ea eee as aioe atta tia) Saas el as oN 9,931 9,931 armilfoni ace Sach iron re ake Ween de ane a eee ees 498,980) vecrcrecie sine 498 ,980 ER ORKNIIOT Ate kee Sees eRe R ie Eee ie ome eine emer 122,215 PARI 124,542 1 Le ATS Las MER ERNE CC) PERT EY Re ROR Re nla tone EMR bcdecd Bec TRE el Pe Ae 433 433 (OaVertG V2 Ries tee ee ra 5 Pe ene EN oaece iy He en bein Cue nll Weenepen? Peat UG 116 116 SHAW LEN CG Seem ieee ne ec et eae Hb a ewan 8,001 558 8,559 SAPALOLE sek a cee rnsiche tole ealien gic epee leet eter stelkael seetmeea eile zorere 793 2,008 2,801 VIA TrOTet Sse titans ai rie sic. s OTe a nantes 57,506 577 58,083 WISbEr eS FOIA cronk cs cyee Shea el rave Genoa oe ieee nie eoararets V6 845 | ccc aprons 1,684 PROtALACHTONG aC lesii.: cc cucu teMtPe wan atcke arate acts loteieinoe 867,783 32,467 900,250 TotalhCatskaillsi ears cigs O27 arene ths oussiin pare ere iekeine miele EGS4nl oa acre 1,684 Gand COU Ue dea cee ten eta Pn oak Soes nea ee 869 , 467 32,467 901,934 Taste XiI.— HEMLOCK Srumprace M Bp. Fr. wa aaaeg | Within Outside COUNTY park park Total (ON iat ito i na ee ee Cs en Oe eae Eee Se Ss Ray ee Oe ee ERC, BeAr 500 500 TOPE (ES, Ge Se, NS A Rog EN er RE eR re ee ee 50,838 390 51,228 A BMresa rae Mita’ es eee ae Aeneas cho mtateteyaderaconone Sac ieajolesesevencie 109, 507 2,025 111,832 MUL OTL ee ote ea ee ae RT) ae Nt SE eh ar ee 12,809 12,809 Elamileant) 6 epee ae Ne SORE Me eae B20 GBB Ube: wii aie: 520,965 Ver ialmme tote soe owe eben e ahold cc veserelcacenctaeleh weneve term cm eceeehaue 113,821 5,720 119,541 |e See, eae aN AY Seger etn at RI a ea | Ena Teale 1,083 1,083 ONerday Ns SR ee miele everat ae Pe eT ce ris ake ee ere en ae Seed 357 357 Stra wrence capitals tehatctevae tee cc iatete ome eps oars niziae 16,241 15 16, 256 etrentec eae Nowy Meee ot ctie cee ict os aac eveLaeioteee ecko at te 1,640 4,418 6,058 Wietrreri Ch eh serie ee. reas enya loge CC MALE ieee Si 33,930 1,920 35,850 QEAVE¥s| cua Yea1170) 0 eRe eel NaN Spe tbh EAR See PNAC CERENEIES Oe A | me eek ies 97 97 Mela wares tr hee Be ta) side A aR aN Ee ciate mia 245 785 1,030 GECIS i es iskae epee Hiei re ee cares Ne ral iat eacadctivaawattewtners Me Mah Sh covestopeienevel 1,201 USGI ay intrest cn rag case clctencbavene ieee oreo Lane heme cee re peek 4,248 4 4,252 MotalvAdinandacksnye ceatpr ais eesaneve retro ncespetereic ue eoatens 2 846 , 942 29,634 876,576 {Piet al@atslille ie. wees) Semel miner cinte erie eect 5,694 789 6,483 Grand-totall.cscicheniecience apiteieere ate je stere Misano waite 852,636 30,423 883,059 CoNnSERVATION COMMISSION 161 Taste XIII.— PINE Srumeracre M Bp. Ft. Within Outside COUNTY park park Total GLENCOE eS OS Pay NE RETA fe Ne Haye witch dulsuctone Mitte stele aistre skies 450 450 1 DIRSZey ders agt aig a en Serene ai bar tin fl a. chase 5 Pa a aay 2,134 560 2,694 ravi lin ensconced Per eb tit ala 6,204 172 6,376 LENT EP cy 2 ve RR UE BN a BRN ey Ee ee et CN a ees] OME a ere 85 85 MTegenn tl Gray seitese ceo ie eet ta okay en ake abenetinrsre uate anes ete er aol eh ats, 7S Gy fi nl Ns etre 41,571 ELST RATOT Sip Shs eae vere NGI A Poise atehat es apet iste rece tne bs sl an OOD ierstec aioe aie 59 Teale fe dis Mae pact cee et Pate Rey SLU SA AY Ta eee MUTE haat ne 52 52 Dia Cenel werden ele clei eke) Spensae ere a ea ear eatye Ril ee 6,772 78 6,850 arab Oe es cis ie Unseen tes olen clebea cheaters eta eians Usteuar ele! ate 1,000 2,295 3,295 WUE OTA Patan elniey ce sttaial samt aitstion a etraticivelbqautlette ales ae) 5,652 5,854 11,506 WASHING GON Ye tener te Oe he ee venerecarego ele AE nee CREE NCe a, Gen ai 135 135 LD YEN ESPs nee a OLEH at a or EE EIS 215 215 SRT yey reece SHANE a oa UA tar) ceed) BP nie ees Ry taiat beivetlll Neh sittechatte ten eters 118 118 MotalVAGITONGMOKE Ue aso ay tethers atslncne ahesieee. ees 63,392 9,681 73,073 Pile Eels CO belen lg ct og. 8 sloth at Velen tees aka) siuirose a one et shat ohallly revartetaaleove sets 33 333 Grand tops nae ye cha isterd Meas ares hehe ere oe isin cinerea 63,392 10,014 73,406 Taste XIV.— CEDAR Srumpace M Bp. Fr. ee Within Outside COUNTY marke pak Total (GU Raya yes ence en agh Shevel cies PLE icy osc ty ck PRE cee ce rrape Asser -Uetid| IPP te ae 63 . 63 LOGS ¢ Se Ber ATE GH ten Sete ER ee LE eT Tne CHER I asics TMOOS Watters oS 1,005 PHreen irae epee wees ore yeh kcal Alam thas ois vyioseetebs, ats tells LOOM ettaesietealas 750 1B ESraav dy oye ye a A VEL ROD Sa RAS FS 1 A RS Yee GNOS Tapeh oa 6,957 WAS AP oe eee ee eke Oe mhotttettor the (MME E deta L 8 SPA WLEDCE sane eg apeysiakel oh alaciale oe eee bia & clotateia te tanate 10,010 50 10,060 el Oo rot Me a teh 2 ee PE as ra rag Seer 18,722 121 18,843 Taste XV.— TAMARACK Srumpace M Bop. Ft. Within Outside COUNTY park park Total NSS eee o eet che re che oldcra areley eheretebe rida hsiailuns a audls rt PA | aS eee a 232 (EVericrmerg ere oe erect aavets chore were qatinde ec srstiaten aio (a) aul ue} sl Mle au COORG G Cola cine 75,124 32 75,156 irerralchim eile teriss ais toneiencunt alle ee shate tive vaterershate ioqeiefsievecenee 197 , 262 6,585 203 , 847 NETL GRNTA Hee reN chet che Ren Te Ren elias Star ete ce La ea taifen shaletotaleasasctionctal| in eanatievaraemennns 10,775 10,775 18 Granth ifo) ol euch PA Rian CHIP ET Ons dlink Lr EMRE Se ene ney Baca onan HO 4 OSu arescrocioleyaiere 562,493 fenlcrmeris ctr Sea au iescc bar she SuPer a eu cve re meee oaneeaalettel euees 84,520 11,350 95,870 4 ON pba le ty Lal eee Ne, CRBs ect ot ERIE EE PORTE AS mC e Te vag Hu A a meen eal Ua NEG nC 361 361 CONES Fa NSU ES te EEE RPGR Cliche roe CREI CDE CACTI ORCS [eR aren el 357 | 357 Sts thawrence Aer yteeierelais evel sta a ovale rs talons wise cycsicee fas 19,448 292 19,740 SRR AT OS iad vir renee ee lakel ceshate sie a wie Melale hb eho ote eae disks 3,440 7,030 10,470 VAT OTA Deas cra yn me hctenel ain; aug ah acahoth a tev ed say tustebesneiieh eee sane 74,481 3,732 78,573 AINT/CIS) ooh eVeg a) arp ck fila ene Orie cpt POT mR DL eRe Ae ae US | TN Aaa ALS oes! 70 70 DALE WATOR clever toric ieier dale os clam oak ccl ater che aimiend alsioteds 4,825 1,085 5,910 GEGEN rare ears eta eusck atic ee tote ta eae eG artes ene bse a es hei te ene 891 LOPE Gyo SGT I OR a One Blcre & EOE heen ae, Beak aera el SEN OMZG ili \eontenevneeencete 34,072 MotalvAdirondackssrcrs sve errs ers a ee We esl eee aus 1,017,128 40,685 1,057,813 Motale@atelkills ya (ee Sei ae seco eo te al teieke terete oleate elon 39,788 | 1,085 40,873 Grandtotallm eres esse eee | 1,056,916 41,770 1,098,686 a F, Taste XITX.— POPLAR Srumpace M Bp. Fv. Within Outside COUNTY park park Total CLT ON eyes HPAP erate ne eee hn eee LAM ee NP tags Mace Bined 3,069 3,069 SEI BSE Rayspraran'es Nave leh tay te ot antabe Eisaetich aes sacicee exert CPA 27,699 2,044 29,743 Hrearlclin Ress eee ihe acc oreuagaracretovster soa aletione esatateceae nc Tensie OG hate avootess 796 POTN Te ORES OEE yr Set Mey AU Pe eA Ac SC ere Yas Ca Oy eee 2,747 2,747 IS BW ecv V5) Yeiee Saber ch Sieh Re eK GUA Cher ie Ea Ae EN eet RO GrOLOK is. deals orate 6,519 LOG TENA RE Oa Lia Bsns th OR HEL Ee lek BG REE RR MCR RET oir TTA PEEL Wes ers CR UCapea] HLL pao 15 15 St Miawrence snc itara nae ci teresa eel are eles epee archaea f ontaverea dene yd 10 10 BAratomaeer ny sero earls iets ees aaah cis Bantehecst chelate 2,040 3,401 5,441 NAGAR OSS SOREN OOS CIE CRETE reac rCRETUe CUS MIE 19,558 7,122 26,680 Wiashing forme tye rectrc rer vat oral vepiavel are obccareiat nie, cue teihare Lomekacatce te ot tate 123 123 (Engerelt (olny He Bice ce SETAC ECOL TETEEETGE Die RHI eR eee 200 Neher oes ou 200 RLS Gerrans seetocie tel cunicra eto stats Macon tu taveva leas natersite eth oboe WGROSZ ull aeseracve sere 16,032 MObALPAGIrONdacks)arctsrce one neler ote het Meee acti wieis 56,612 18,531 75,143 MOtAln@atskallayy tee weet east ated sanecoien aia teTy os areca olen GZS 27 ts cesta aaaeote 16, 232 Grandtovalei vey ceases setae te ester aos eraeeicuat ants 72,844 18,531 91,375 164 FourtH AnnuaL Report oF THE TastE XX.— MISCELLANEOUS HARDWOODS Srumpacet M. Bo. Fr. | Within Outside COUNTY | park park | Total | | GLUE 0) Wate a i 2 ae i St A TP OO ee Ul ech A ce aS OPES ee en pe tata Re EN a ele eon ERLE RE EN OP 1,602 37 | 1,639 FRAT oy ce hee acted va ci kn Ree ree BONUS Re tee Jal 8 1,000 | 1,008 SEE GO TR paren cts GA ae ees StS helio Sie iOohe TLE ti souyall ctiomece hater olebar 2,204 2,204 ami tone ic aie ie eh a ne Aner ean sleet SE TDSO MM lil sraievetaier wate 58,536 fer kkamen yes tele ie oh ae acts eM elea a ateiciane SOOO) slices celeste ip 3,660 TEETER CD Rae AR IN EES BIL Oy ACME MUS 1,990 2,284 4,274 APTOS ois eter aie lads) sere rave aueP Ne Mey Hache heh nla chosacon Sper 10,400 1,002 11,402 Washinton st erry es See yes ci srae cag pepeeuctetcte teletea ore te earns hhavNl Achadetos Gosie ech GLa Ware 2 seh eNe cele Soe aiibaete aot aie fetes Ntgtedage airs 1,148 1,604 Pat hiv Greenies Perse re cd veneers meters eke eLearn aoa DBE cass wraeciette OS ber ye ee eras Saeed Gueescetan Memoriam Le cies alk ae breil a ares GY By (al Weel ee ey sit 5,375 CRatalvA dirondacics's «21/62 teraveskeseuate Or sare ct aistn aha 76,196 6,557 82,753 PL obel Goa tea ca Mis ee sesh oi ear st aerator alaneialeronalevevelavuiee 6,787 1,604 8,391 Grand totals see So Noss ocleaee we praneinie Grave vatolens shes 82,983 8,161 91,144 The total stumpage is less than we anticipated. The computa- tion shows 8,065,986,000 feet B. M. of timber sizes and pulp wood. There can be no question but the figures are a very con- servative statement of the quantity. It is a matter of experience that ocular estimates when applied to large-sized timber are al- ways low. A comparison of tables showing the contents of trees indicates that in trees having diameters breast high, of from ten to sixteen inches, a difference of one inch in diameter will show a difference varying from 18 per cent. on 10-inch diameter to 14 per cent. on 16-inch trees. The average is approximately 16 per cent. of the volume. The eye detects inch classes more readily on smaller than larger sizes, and as the timber on State land is generally of large diameter, the result is an underesti- mate. The tables show that 97 per cent. of the total timber is in the Adirondack region; that 93 per cent. of the total is within the Adirondack park; that 54 per cent. lies in Hamilton county; that 41 per cent. of the total consists of hardwoods, and 35 per cent. of the entire quantity is spruce. An analysis of this table seems to indicate that the figures are not as high for hardwoods as they should be. The mixed Adiron- dack forest contains, on the average, about 70 per cent. of hard- CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 165 wood trees. ‘The lumbering has tended to decrease the volume of softwood, but on the other hand, many of the larger hardwoods are very defective. These figures include only merchantable saw timber and pulp- wood. No attempt has been made to estimate material in small trees that might be available for cordwood, poles, post, ties, etc. The tables contain a vast amount of interesting information and deserve careful perusal. CAMP SITES The constitutional restrictions do not prohibit the great forest region from being used as a playground, a place for recreation and health resort, but do restrict its use for other purposes. The use of these lands for this purpose is extensive. The prohibitions tend to temporary use and discourage fuller enjoyment and greatest benefit. This is a matter of such importance that it deserves particular attention. Hatent.— Table X XI shows there are 1,075 miles of water front- age in the Forts Preserve exclusive of Lake George islands; that 584 miles of this shorage is suited for camp sites. If the entire trontage were divided into camp sites with 200 feet frontage, there would be 11,600 available sites. The State should not lease more than a portion of them, and if one-half were left as public camping places there would still be 5,800 for other purposes. If we com- pare the vast frontage upon these lakes and ponds with well known bodies of water we will find that it is equivalent to three and one- half times the entire shore line of Lake Champlain in this State; or seven times the frontage of Lake George exclusive of islands; or the shore line of Lake Ontario from Fort Niagara to Cape Vincent; or both sides of the Hudson river from its mouth to its source. It is, therefore, at once apparent that there are sufficient sites for both the transient and a permanent occupant, also for those who can and those who can not afford to pay a rental. 166 Fourrtuo Annuat REporT OF THE TasBLE X XI.—SummMary or Camp SITES 3 Miles Range Total Number Total Miles & : ? of of rentals of sites COUNTY moles aed waste rentals 25 sites at shore per site per Mile |25 per Mile St. Lawrence) .t2)-\0)s 30.40 14.50 21.25 | $5 to $50 $3,746 96 Oneida nee cea he icetecas 2.00 1.50 1.00 | 15to 20 615 37 Warren en sen oe aesto ee 32.49 12.08 20.41 5 to 20 2,601 301 Hamaltom: soc eer ss 373.85 231.25 142.60 5 to 50 165,126 6,029 Clinton Soyer a ae 20 2.75 45 | 15 to 50 Ae MTG ree einai eteeverd croton 25.00 DOSOOA were loreteiere 2 1,250 625 DSrAtOp an mires clei: lols 1 SEO) horse k Prove dlink ciever\onere Ml hieete tere overeat | Mies ae etaced i] lash er Sele Ierkimer 92/5 oie eee 204.75 52.75 152.00 5to 50 21,378 1,323 Essex. goacedssnabonodse 186.70 80.40 106.30 5 to 50 28,115 2,011 Mranklinis eee rn ccoe 210.09 164.43 45.66 5to 25 77,765 1,110 Adirondacks* AT OUAL Nove ecctonetanccote teers 1.075.83 584.66 AQU NT ictetlsiwcbecs 303 , 266 11,600 * Exclusive of Lake George. Use.— The present use is restricted by the following rules and regulations which were adopted in pursuance of the provisions of the constitution and the statutes. RULES AND REGULATIONS Forrest PRESERVE AND ST. LAWRENCE RESERVATION (Pursuant to section 55 of chapter 65 of the Consolidated Laws as amended by chapter 444 of the Laws of 1912. Adopted April 30, 1912.) 1. Caution must be exercised in building camp fires and in set- ting fires of any kind. All inflammable material must be cleared from the ground before fires are kindled. On the Thousand Island Reservation, where fire places are provided, fires must not be kindled elsewhere. Fires must be completely extinguished before they are abandoned. 9. Lighted matches, burning cigars or cigarettes must not be thrown on the ground. Extinguish them first. 3. No structures except canvas tents are permitted. No tent so placed shall be leased. Any tent unoccupied by the owner may be removed by the Commission. On the Thousand Island Reserva- tion such tents must be pitched at least 200 feet away from any public fire place or boat landing. 4. Dancing in any of the public buildings is prohibited. 5. No one may claim the right of exclusive use of any par- ticular camp or tent site from year to year. CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 167 6. Defacing buildings, peeling bark or injuring trees is pro- hibited. 7. No boat is entitled to the exclusive use of any dock. There must be free access for all boats at all times. 8. Persons using the St. Lawrence Reservation must not leave refuse on the grounds. 9. All persons will be held strictly liable to the State for any damage done to State property. Application was made to the Commission for permission to erect, upon State lands, ‘Open Camps.” The application stated that remote and desirable places could not be ordinarily enjoyed because there was too great a burden imposed in packing necessary camp outfits; that camps of this character could not be enclosed, therefore were always open; that they would be built at private expense and given to the State and thus not be private property ; and that they would be subject to rules and regulations of the Commission. The Conservation Commission, September 2, 1913, duly adopted the following resolution: Rules and Regulations, Re Construction and Use of Trails and Open Camps Upon State Land Resolved, That the following rules and regulations be and the same hereby are adopted in relation to the construction and use of trails and open camps upon State land: 1. No person, association or corporation shall build any trail or open camp upon State land without first obtaining written per- mission from the Conservation Commission. 2. The location of such trails and open camps shall be fixed by the Commission. 3. Application for permission to construct such open camps shall state the source of supply and the character of the material to be used, and no such camp shall be constructed until the char- acter of the material and the source of the supply thereof shall be approved by the Commission. 4, All such camps shall contain a conspicuous sign reading as follows: 168 FourtH AnnuaL REpoRT OF THE ‘This camp is property of the State of New York and is open to the public.” Such sign shall be maintained at such camps by the person, association or corporation constructing the camp. 5. A suitable fireplace shall be constructed and maintained in front of such camp, the form and material thereof. to be approved by the Commission. 6. No such camp shall be occupied by the same party or per- sons more than ten days in any year, nor more than three nights in succession. ‘This rule shall not apply to State employees while engaged in fighting fires. A copy of this rule shall be posted and maintained in a conspicuous place at such camp. 7. The Commission may remove or discontinue the use of any such camps at any time. 8. No building, camp or structure shall be erected on State land except as above provided. There are upon lands claimed by the State as the Forest Pre- serve about 700 cases of occupancy of various kinds. These vary from farms which are occupied and cultivated to small hunt- ing camps or a few acres used for pasture. Where there are ex- tended uses of the properties, the people claim title adverse to the State and substantially all such cases of occupancy have been transmitted to the Attorney-General for prosecution or determina- tion of title. There are 406 cases reported, with buildings valued at $276,375. It is fair to say that approximately 95 per cent. of them are such as would be willing to execute leases. Nearly all of these occupancies are of many years standing. We have secured “ disclaimers of title” as far as possible, and referred cases where they could not be secured to the Attorney-General. We have en- deavored to prevent further erection of structures and thereby protect the State’s interests. The question as to what should be done with these numerous occupants of the State land has been held in abeyance pending the voice of the people relative to leas- ing camp sites. It did not seem necessary to eject them or destroy property of a citizen if the people were willing to lease the privi- lege of occupancy. The question of administering these matters is important, and will be further discussed under the title of Forest Management. CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 169 CONSTITUTIONAL PROHIBITION Lhe present provision of article VII of the Constitution which was enacted* in 1894 reads as follows: “ Forest Preserve.— Section 7. The lands of the State, now owned or hereafter acquired, constituting the forest preserve as now fixed by law, shall be forever kept as wild forest lands. They shall not be leased, sold or exchanged, or be taken by any corpora- tion, public or private, nor shall the timber thereon be sold, re- moved or destroyed.” It was adopted when conditions were much different from what they are today. During the two decades since that provision was adopted im- portant economic, industrial and administrative changes have taken place. At that time there was but a slight appreciation of the importance of scientific forestry; there was not a single American school of forestry, and probably not more than five pro- fessional foresters in the whole country. The forests were then generally considered as something the maximum quantity of which was fixed, and not capable of reproduction or increase by growth. The area included has increased from 720,744 acres to more than 1,800,000 acres; our population has grown from 6,000,000 to 9,000,000 people. It is, therefore, apparent that the prohibition was made at a time when there was but 40 per cent. of the present area and 60 per cent. of the present population, and when the quantity of material affected was but a small part of the whole. However, at the present time, the timber on State land is a large portion of our total forest resources. It is estimated that the amount ‘of standing timber in the Forest Preserve counties in 1894 was approximately 40,000,000,000 feet, board measure, and that this quantity has decreased until at present there is not over 25,000,000,000 feet. It is estimated that in 1895 approximately 4,000,000,000 feet, or 10 per cent., was owned by the State, while now the stumpage on State land is approximately 8,000,000,000 feet, or over 30 per cent. of the total in the Forest Preserve counties, or 20 per cent. of the whole stumpage of the State. Dur- * An amendment was adopted November 4, 1913, providing that three per centum could by authority of the Legislature be used for water storage purposes. 170 FourtH AnnuaL Report OF THE ing this period a change has resulted in the proportion of lumber cut in this section from about 1 per cent. of the stand in 1894 to approximately 214 per cent. at the present time. This provision of the Constitution prevents any direct utiliza- tion of this vast resource. The question that naturally arises is, what more benefits could be derived if the Constitution per- mitted ? There are many phases of this question, such as the indirect benefits of protection to watershed, regulation of flow of streams, game cover, health resort, recreation grounds, and aesthetic value; the possible commercial returns which are now lost but might be derived; the increased benefits which might accrue through les- sened restrictions; the demands of the State upon this area as a source of wood supply; the adoption of a policy which will be beneficial to these regions; the efficient administration and honest enforcement of the forest law; the increase of the preserve and its better protection through funds derived from a wider use. These, and the future management of this territory, are all ques- tions which should be carefully considered. FOREST MANAGEMENT The proper use of this great area means more to the people of this State than can be briefly stated. There are honest differences of opinion as to whether any modification should be made in the present Constitution. If we could be assured of honest and efficient administration, then changes could be favor- ably considered. In order to present facts which are important we will assume for the purpose that whatever is attempted will be done properly and by people who are thoroughly trained for the work. Reconnaissance.— The first step should be a careful examina- tion of the forested area. The work should be done and data procured similar to that found in Appendix I of this report, en- titled “A Forest Survey of a Parcel of State Land.” This will give accurate information as to the location of forests, their com- position, the stands of timber, the types of growth, and will pro- vide information as a basis for planning operations. Classification.— The second step should be a delineation of the lands into two kinds: First, protective forests on mountain tops ConsERVATION CoMMISSION oe and steep slopes together with areas around certain bodies of water which should not be lumbered. Second, the less abrupt and more remote areas which could be lumbered conservatively. A classification of this character would probably result in 200,000 acres being retained for protective forests and about 1,000,000 being used for wood production. The revenue from the former would be derived from leasing of camp sites, while from the latter it would come from the sale of mature, dead and down timber and from trees which should be cut in order to permit proper growth of younger trees. Location.— There are, as already noted, 313,277 acres of the preserve which are outside the two parks. This area includes 183,725 acres of land under water, leaving a balance of 129,552 acres of land of varying character. This area of land is con- tained in 1,166 separate parcels exclusive of the islands in Lake George or lands under water. They do not perform a true func- tion as a “ Forest Preserve.” The areas vary from a fractional part of an acre to tracts of a thousand acres. A few are so situ- ated that they could be used for forestry purposes, but fully 90 per cent. of the parcels are small, isolated, often difficult to locate accurately, and difficult and expensive to protect. As a matter of policy it would seem more desirable to dispose of these outlying areas and acquire other land within the parks. This will result in consolidating present holdings, reduce administrative expense and have the same investment and area better serve its purpose. Utilization of Tumber.— The compilation shows that there was found upon the 1,585,496 acres 8,065,986,000 feet B. M. of mer- chantable material. This timber is all upon the 1,204,538 acres classified as merchantable forest area. The average acre of such lands, therefore, contains about 6,700 feet B. M. of material. There are included in this amount both mature and immature trees. There are large areas of virgin forests (estimated 70,000 acres), also extensive areas of lumbered lands (estimated 1,130,- 000 acres) upon which the greater proportion of timber is mature and is not increasing in volume or value. There are other areas covered with poplar, a tree that reaches maturity in a compara- tively short time, which is very valuable for pulp and other pur- 172 FourtH AnnuaL REporT OF THE poses that not only will not further increase in value or volume, but will deteriorate and become a total loss if not utilized within a few years after reaching maturity. When these trees die they fall to the ground and greatly increase the fire hazard. The lands containing mature timber are not accumulating wood growth be- cause, on the average, decay equals growth. The proper use of this great area is a matter of vital import- ance. The constitutional inhibition practically prevents any direct use, except for camping, hunting and fishing. The entire wood production on the mature areas is at present a total loss because there is no utilization of the larger trees. If we assume that the average annual growth should be 200 feet per acre per annum then the annual growth on the merchantable forest areas alone would approximate 240,000,000 feet B. M. Once the land is placed under systematic forest management, this amount could be secured annually without reducing the forest itself. It means taking the interest on the wood principal. The‘quantity would be further increased by ultimate growth on what are now non-mer- chantable areas and through reforesting of denuded lands. Figures, e. g., 240,000,000 feet B. M., as such, do not convey their full significance. This represents nearly one-third the en- tire lumber cut of the State. If cut into inch boards there would be sufficient lumber to build a board walk 150 feet in width from Albany to Buffalo. The present system does not best provide a future supply of timber. If the annual increment were utilized it would tend to increase forest preservation by reducing the demands upon other areas. Price is regulated by supply and demand; therefore, de- creased production of timber causes higher price, and the in- creased price tempts the owner to harvest his forest crop. The timber cut of the State is decreasing. It has been reduced from one and one-quarter billion feet in 1908 to less than one billion feet in 1912. The cut of spruce in one of the largest counties has decreased from approximately 24,000,000 in 1910 to less than half that amount in 1912. The present lumber cut of the State is an enforced one. The portable mills are manu- facturing what the larger operators are unable to secure. The cut is approximately five times as much as the annual growth, and SMOVGNOUICGY MuVvd QN-VS-VH-AN — LNGANGSVNVIL LSaXOY YHAON() GadadN/T ONIA YaLIY LSAwo oy > aps se ng”, * Py = a Cas ae ie Ean re . We ConsERVATION CoMMIssION 7S consumption is at least sixteen times the growth. ‘The question of the source of supply of our necessary wood materials is one that must be seriously considered. Our demands are great and, under present methods, will soon lead to exhaustion, but if the resources of the State are properly developed the necessary supply can be produced. The present use of the Forest Preserve is protective and aesthetic. The practice of proper forestry methods will not affect either use. The effect of lumbering operations under such prac- tice as conducted on the parks of Dr. Webb or the Whitney estate are scarcely visible today. These forests have cleaner floors and are freer from debris than similar areas on the State land, in fact such operations have improved the appearance, the dead, down and diseased trees having been removed. Only a few people appreciate the fact that nearly all the mer- chantable material in a forest is contained in a few of the larger trees. The larger trees are but a small proportion of the whole stand, therefore, their removal does not injure the forest cover. There are instances when large quantities of timber upon State lands have been injured by fire but the particular Commissions charged with administration of the property, acting under opinions of the Attorney-General; have not been able to utilize the material. There are other cases where valuable material cut in trespass cases has been left to decay because the Constitution semed to prohibit the utilization. There are similarly quantities of dead and down timber that cannot be removed. Such material left upon the ground does not result in any value that the State might secure through indirect benefit. In fact, fire-killed or cut trees are an incentive for trespass and increase the protective work. On the other hand, any provision for limiting the sale of timber to fire-killed trees would be a great incentive to a would-be purchaser to cause fire in order to force the cutting. If the restriction is to be modified the modification should not be limited to fire-killed trees. If only dead and down trees are permitted to be removed the cutting of roads for removal will be so out of proportion to the value of material and utilization that there will be no profit or benefit derived by the State. Camp Sites.— We have already called attention to the fact that 174 Fourta AnnuaL REPoRT OF THE there are approximately 580 miles of shore line suitable for camp- ing purposes. There is a distinct demand by the people for permanent rather than temporary use of these lands. At present only tents with board floors are permitted. They are sufficient for the transient but the person who desires to spend a few weeks, especially with a family, requires, in order to secure proper en- joyment, a structure that affords better protection and will allow housing of equipment during the remainder of the year. A demand has, therefore, been developing that the State lease small parcels of land for a period of years for that purpose. The State is now maintaining this vast area at a large expense and such use would detract little, if any, from the demands made by the State upon this area. The general opinion seems to be that a permanent occupant, contrasted with a transient, would become a better protector of the forests, fish and game, that the investment made as a result of the lease would create in the lessee a personal, permanent interest in protection of the forests from trespass or fire, an assurance that the fishing in the body of water upon which he was camping would not be injured by illegal methods, nor game similarly taken. There can be no question that such use would produce a revenue, although there would be required an initial investment for surveys and organization. There are questions, such as the size of parcel; period of lease; proportion of sites, on a particular body of water, to be used; amount of rental to be charged; restriction to be imposed ; supply of wood for fuel; and doubtless others which must be considered. They are largely administrative problems, but some of them are so broad that they affect State policy. Indirect Uses.— The fact that many of our important rivers have their headwaters in the Adirondack and Catskill region and that forest cover has a beneficial effect in regulating the flow of streams coupled with numerous other previously enumerated functions makes the preservation of forests within this area of great importance to the State. It is a factor which, as a matter of State policy, deserves first consideration. The really important question is how much the indirect benefits will be reduced if the direct uses (lumbering and leasing of camp sites) are realized. CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 175 There are examples, such as Nehasane Park, the Whitney Kstate Preserve and others in the Adirondacks where lumbering has been practiced conservatively and the forests have not been destroyed nor the indirect uses sacrificed. There is no good reason why a productive forest will not produce shade, have a “ duffy ” floor, be a satisfactory home for game or protect the watersheds. The commercial forests of Europe produce these benefits in a greater degree than nature does in the Adirondacks. The fact that forests on mountain tops or steep slopes are not to be lumbered eliminates areas where the cover might be en- dangered. The areas around our desirable lakes would be used for camp sites and if proper rentals were paid would afford as great a revenue as could be secured by lumbering. It would not, therefore, be necessary in the latter instance to remove more than the few mature trees necessary for fuel of the campers. A forest produced and maintained under a proper system of forest management would not be less advantageous from any standpoint. Fire Protection It is true that the slash consequent to lumbering increases the fire hazard, but lopping of evergreen tops reduces the risk to a short period. The present conditions permit reasonable utilization and only a comparatively small amount of slash would be left. As already stated, practically all the merchantable material in a forest is contained in a few of the larger trees, which form but a small proportion of the whole stand, therefore, their removal does not seriously injure the forest cover or produce a large quantity of slash. The operation will necessitate the construction of roads, which will make the pathless localities more accessible and thus afford quicker and cheaper means of travel. These roads can also be made into necessary fire lines. The problem of fire protection is by observation station and patrol solved in principle. There is need of much educational work as a preventive, and extension of the system to assure greater security. Appropriations even for such manifest needs are not easily obtained, but a revenue from these lands would make more intensive protection possible. 176 FourtH AnnuaL Report or THE Financial Aspects.— The Preserve is at present a pleasure and protective forest. Its restricted use makes it somewhat of a luxury. It is difficult to compute its cost because nearly one- half has been acquired through the non-payment of taxes. It is fair to assume, however, that it represents an investment of ap- proximately four million dollars. The interest on this amount at 5 per cent. is $200,000 per year. ‘The taxes which the State pays upon this land amount to $150,000 per annum. The cost of fire protection and administration is approximately $15,000 per year. The total carrying charge, therefore, amounts to at least $365,000 per annum. None of these charges is reducible. The expenditure for fire protection ought to be increased. The cost of fire protection at the present time is not over one-half mill per dollar of valuation. This is far below the average rate of in- surance under less dangerous conditions. Revenue is an important matter to the State. The fact that there is a direct outlay of $165,000 a year and an interest loss of $200,000 are not insignificant matters to the Empire State. But we must add to this the value of the wood material which is going to waste through non-utilization. We have already stated that the wood growth even now should approximate 240,000,000 ft. B. M. per year and if we allow a stumpage of $4 per M ft. this means an additional loss of $960,000. We must again add to these large sums the amounts which would be expended for labor in utilizing this growth. It has been estimated that $16 for every thousand feet of lumber manu- factured goes to labor. This means a loss of potential wages of $3,840,000. There would be additional revenue from leasing of camp sites, but this would be difficult to measure. If we assume that 95 per cent. of the present occupants, or 380, would require leases, and at least 500 others were taken, this would produce a total of 880. If the leases averaged $25 each, this would yield a gross income of $22,000. In a few years this sum would be greatly increased. The question seems to be: Does the State desire to continue a policy which causes a direct annual loss of nearly a million dol- lars and an indirect loss of four times as much, or does it desire to place its forest property not only on a self-supporting, but on a very substantial revenue-producing basis ? CoNnSERVATION COMMISSION ET State Poricy The State policy during the past thirty years has been to pro- cure a large area of forest land in our two mountain regions. It has been secured by withdrawing lands already owned and, at a large outlay, acquiring additional areas. The constitutional prohibition adopted in 1895, after a series of land scandals and deplorable trespasses, was an attempt to put this land and timber beyond the reach of the spoils system. It fully accomplished its purpose and is still just as effective. The organization for the protection and administration of the Forest Preserve has, during the past twenty years, been perfected and brought from a meagre unskilled few to a complete force con- sisting of technical foresters, surveyors, title lawyers, and forest rangers. Lands and timber of the State were then looked upon as public plunder, but today titles to property are determined after trial of the case upon the facts; wilful trespasses have, through more vigorous administration, more efficient patrol and better public sentiment, practically ceased.* There are still people who would be willing to take advantage of situations that might arise, but past experience has shown and court decisions have decreed that compromises and stipulations are of no avail; that any such agreements will not procure more than temporary benefits; that they are illegal, and, therefore, their purposes cannot be accomplished. These speculators are not likely to take advantage of the State when the results will not be beneficial to them. The first step in the adoption of a wise policy as to the future management of this vast area is consideration of the purpose to which it is best adapted and what demands of the State it can satisfy to the largest degree. It is on account of its soil, topog- raphy, elevation and climate, a region which can best be used for forests. It naturally follows: What demands does the State make upon its forests, and which of these can this region supply ? We have already recited the indirect uses, particularly in a moun- tainous area like the Adirondacks where so many important streams have their sources; the effect of stream flow upon water power ; the health, recreation and game resort; the source of wood supply, and the aesthetic considerations. * See annual reports of Conservation Commission. 178 Fourtn Annuat REporT OF THE We have attempted to show that good forest management which will produce better commercial forests is none the less useful in producing the indirect benefits. The more valuable and useful the property, the more the people become interested in it and demand continuation of the benefits. The fact that the State makes this area self-supporting, at least, ought to increase rather than decrease interest in the property and forestry in general. If greater appropriations were available or an income could be se- cured, better forest protection could be afforded; forest property would be better insured against fire; the 100,000 acres of denuded lands could through reforesting be placed under forest cover; additional areas acquired; more lands would be better protected ; and instead of having less we would have a greater forest cover. There are important questions as to the development and indus- tries within this vast area. Do we realize that an area larger than the State of Delaware is being withdrawn from use by its own owners? Is it necessary? How far can this process continue without approaching dangers other than financial returns ? If the forests are maintained for the indirect uses alone, who is going to blaze the trail, carry the pack basket, guide the sports- men, fight the forest fires, plant the trees, cut the camp wood, cook the food or get food to cook? We do not want a wilderness. It must be made possible for people to live and earn a living in these places or there will be no “ guides” or other people to em- ploy. They cannot earn a living by guiding a few days during the summer. Sufficient employment must be provided for these people. The State cannot put them all on the pay-roll. Indus- tries of necessary and suitable kinds must employ their services. In a forest country such employment must naturally be in con- nection with the lumber industry. State land must furnish its share. Further purchase and consolidation of holdings would greatly reduce the administration expenses. The immediate necessity for surveys would in many cases be eliminated by acquiring small interior parcels. There are enormous investments in lumber, pulp, paper and other mills which depend upon our forest lands for raw materials. These mills and the lumbering industry employ thousands of men ConsERVATION CoMMISSION 179 and women. ‘he wages paid are a big factor in our industrial life. This material is again used in remanufacture and more money given to labor for making necessities of life. The future of many towns and cities in a large measure depends upon these forests. They are all factors in our industrial life. Other industries are represented by hotel, transportation, mer- cantile and allied businesses which accommodate the commercial and tourist trades. These industries are not only of importance in these sections but their influence extends outside the Preserve regions. This report may be criticized for absence of more exact in- formation, but, as stated at the beginning, the method which we had to pursue, on account of lack of special funds for the work, does not permit drawing exact mathematical conclusions. The preparation of this report is based not only on the field work done for this particular purpose but also upon years of association with the problem discussed and many other competent sources of in- formation. There are forest surveys and published reports upon many large Adirondack forest areas (e. g., “‘ Practical Forestry in the Adirondacks ” — Bulletin of the U. S. Forest Service; Forest Working Plan for Township 40 — Bulletin 30 of the U. S. Forest Service; ‘‘Adirondack Spruce,” by Gifford Pinchot and Henry S. Graves; A Forest Working Plan for Townships 5, 6 and 41; Report of Forest, Fish and Game Commission 1902-3). There are also many unpublished reports containing available data. The vast and far-reaching scope of the question, with its many and intricate details requiring wisdom and experience for its solution, is complicated by possible political influences ; but it must be studied from all angles, each element weighed separately and the final decision rendered as the result of a careful consideration of the facts unaffected by sentiment. Respectfully submitted, Con PE TLS, Superintendent State Forests. vA i) ein \ HP M WY): Ca ib a Rae, wh .. HN aly NNUAL a rh wie Dat ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIVISION OF FISH AND GAME [181] Path ih, +1 Wied eek AUR) ; Nae OP iy yy POPE FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CONSERVATION COMMISSION DIVISION OF FISH AND GAME To the Conservation Commission: Herewith I transmit to you, pursuant to law, the annual report of the Division of Fish and Game for the fiscal year ending Sep- tember 30, 1914. Respectfully Yours, JAMES J. FOX, Deputy Commassioner. December 31, 1914. [183] i cy ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF GAME PROTECTOR Hon. Jamzs J. Fox, Deputy Conservation Commissioner: Srr.— I respectfully submit herewith my report on the en- forcement of the Conservation Law relating to fish and game of the State of New York for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1914, which covers the work of the protectors in the bringing of actions, together with the amount of recoveries of fines and pen- alties, and prison sentences for violations of the Conservation Law; also the amounts derived from different sources, such as hunting and netting licenses, tagging of trout and imported game, ete. In making comparisons with previous years it is very gratifying that the statistical table which follows shows an increase in the number of cases successfully brought by the regular protective ‘force, which prosecuted this last fiscal year a greater number of eases than during the preceding year, showing a gain of forty- two cases. This increase over the last fiscal year, the record for which was the largest in the history of the State, again demon- strates the strict attention that the regular protectors are giving to their duties of enforcing the Conservation Law in relation to fish and game, and with a very few exceptions their work is satis- factory, considering the number of protectors that are on a regular salary. The work of the special protectors, except in a few instances, does not compare at all favorably with the work of the regulars; but I will refrain at this time from going into the matter fully, as I handle the work of the special protectors in detail later on. It is entirely due to the special protectors, and not to the regulars, that the work of the force as a whole shows a slight net falling off as compared with 1913. (See page 17 of Commission’s Report.) Passing upon the work of the regular protective force, the [185] | 186 FourtH AnnuAL Report OF THE average gross recovery per case is commendable, considering the fact that all persons prosecuted are not fined, as there are many suspended sentences and John Doe proceedings. I am firmly con- vinced, from making comparisons, that the law giving protection to fish and game is being rigidly enforced. The protectors who are retained from year to year become proficient, as their record will show; and it is gratifying to call to the Commission’s atten- tion the increase that has been made from the year 1911 up to 1914, every succeeding year showing a larger number of cases prosecuted, and showing a larger recovery of fines and penalties. ‘Even with this grand total I believe with other game protec- tionists that but a small percentage of the actual violations are ever apprehended, as it is impossible to do so with the 125 men on the force at the present time. I wish at this time, as I did in the annual report of 1913, to recommend an increase of the pro- tective force to 200 men, with an expense account sufficient to enable them to patrol their territory at least twenty-six days every calendar month. One of the most vital questions now before the citizens of the State is that of the conservation of our natural resources. I do not believe that there has been any other State so abundantly en- dowed with wealth of forests, fish and game as this our own Empire State; nor do I believe that there has been any other State where the citizens have been more careless with their treasures, more prod- igal with their birthright. The American people have wasted their wealth of mine, forest and stream, allowing the wanton destruction of the fish and game; and only in the last few years have they come face to face with the fact that if this great State is to continue to be a paradise for the sportsman we must conserve our fish, game, water and forests, to preserve our birthright not only for our own comfort, but also for the coming generations. T trust that the Legislature can be prevailed upon to provide means for the enforcement of the laws that have been enacted giv- ing protection to the fish, game, lands, forests and waters of the State. In the past thousands of persons in this State have looked upon the protection of game and fish as an insignificant affair, when as a matter of fact, next to the agricultural assets of the State, nothing can exceed in value its game, birds and fish if proper protection is given. I know that the citizens of the State ConsERVATION COMMISSION 187 of New York are beginning to be firmly impressed with this fact, and desire to see rigid protection given to the wild life of the State, the maintaining of the hatcheries and the establishing of addi- tional game farms. AMENDMENTS TO THE LAW The amendments to the Conservation Law in relation to fish and game made at the last session of the Legislature are not as many as in former years, but are of greater importance, as they perfect the law and make it practical and more workable. They comprise the following changes: Section 32, which provides the punishment for a misdemeanor, is amended making the imprisonment one day for every dollar of the fine. Section 159 is amended to include “ fish and aquatic animals,” and to allow the possession under a license issued by the Commis- sion of fish, game birds and aquatic animals for propagation purposes. Section 165 increases the protective force twenty protectors, from 125 to 145. Section 177 allows any duly organized association for the pro- tection of game to run field trials for dogs upon obtaining a writ- ten permit from the Conservation Commission. Section 181 is amended, allowing the transportation of quadru- peds, birds or fish lawfully taken or possessed in one part of the State as provided by section 178, and they may be possessed by the taker in any part of the State for the same period of time during which they may be lawfully possessed at the place where taken. ‘Section 190 is cleared up, so that there will be no misunder- standing as to the rights of a person to ship deer when he accom- panies the same without the necessity of a shipping tag being placed thereon as provided by section 178 of the Conservation Law. Section 191, relative to the possession of wild deer or venison, is changed only in so far as it reduces the license fee for the possession of venison until January 1st, from $5 to $1. Section 198 provides for a slight change in the open season on mink, raccoon and sable. Formerly the season opened on No- vember 1st. The new amendment provides for the opening of the 188 Fourta AnnusaL Report OF THE season on November 10th, the season closing the same as formerly, April 20th. Section 199 is changed, making the opening of the season on skunk November 10th, to February 10th, it formerly being from November ist to January 31st. Section 200, relating to the propagation of skunks, is amended to allow the possession of all species of fur-bearing animals to be kept alive in captivity at all times for the purpose of propagation and sale, provided a license so to do is first obtained from the Commission. The license fee was formerly $10, and is reduced by the amendment to $5. Section 201, giving protection to muskrats, changes the opening of the season from November 1st to November 10th, closing April 20th. In addition to prohibiting the injuring or disturbing of muskrat houses, it prohibits the taking of muskrats by shooting. The prohibiting of the shooting of muskrats was done for the pur- pose of giving a more high class fur, as a muskrat taken by shoot- ing is only worth about twenty-five per cent. the value of one taken in traps, even where the fur is of equal quality. Section 214, relative to the season on pheasants, changes the open season from Thursdays in October to the last two Thursdays in October and the first two Thursdays in November, and posses- sion is allowed during the period of time between the first open Thursday in October and the last open Thursday in November. Only wild male pheasants may be taken. Section 232 changes the opening of the season on trout from the 15th of April to the first Saturday in April, closing August 31st the same as formerly. This makes the open season on trout uniform throughout the State. Section 234 makes a very important change in the season on lake trout. The season in 1913 on lake trout was from April 1st to December 31st. The amendment makes the season from April 1st to September 30th. Section 235 makes no close season on lake trout and whitefish which are taken in Lakes Erie and Ontario. Lake trout and white- fish when so taken may be possessed, bought and sold, provided that every person to whom a license is issued to take such fish with a net or nets operated from power boats shall, when required by the Commission, furnish without charge to the Commission ConsERVATION ComMISSION 189 eggs and milt from such fish taken by him during the spawning season. Such eggs and milt shall be taken by the Commission for propagation only and shall be taken from the fish by the agents of the commission. Section 250 prohibited placing fish in waters that were in- habited by trout. In some instances waters which had formerly been trout waters had become inhabited by pickerel, and should no longer be regarded as trout waters. The amendment proposed provides that whenever the Conservation Commission shall deter- mine that any waters of the State heretofore inhabited or stocked with trout are no longer to be regarded as being inhabited by trout or suitable for trout, the Commission may by an order permit such waters to be stocked with any species of fish. Section 251 contains an important amendment, as it gives juris- diction to the Conservation Commission to prohibit fishing within fifty rods of any dam or fishway erected by the State. Heretofore it only prohibited fishing within fifty rods of any dam which con- tained a fishway. In a great many instances fish congregate in the deep water below the apron of the dam, and are taken out in large numbers. In such instances the Commission is vested with power to prohibit fishing within fifty rods of such dam if it so wishes. Section 355 relative to penalties is amended so as to allow a penalty of $10 to be inflicted for the taking of short lobsters, in- stead of $50 which was mandatory heretofore. Section 365 as amended, contains a provision that if notices have been once posted or land established as a private park, after personal service upon a person in the name of the owner or owners of a written or printed notice containing a description of the premises and warning all persons against hunting or fishing or trespassing thereon, this is to act the same as where lands are posted as provided in section 361 of the Conservation Law. ' As provided in section 366, the Commission may set aside certain lands owned by the State, except those located in the Adirondack or Catskill parks, as a game and bird refuge; or the Commission may purchase lands in the name of and for the use of the State in any town of the State outside of the limits of the Adirondack or Catskill parks, containing not less than one hun- dred acres, or may purchase the shooting and fishing rights in 190 FourtH AnnuaL Report OF THE connection with such land, and may establish thereon a game and bird refuge, upon publishing and posting the notices as provided in section 360. Formerly section 372 only allowed a person who was in possession of a breeder’s license to kill elk or deer, by shooting or otherwise, between the first day of October and the first day of March, both inclusive. Pheasants could be killed by shooting or otherwise between the first day of October and the 31st day of January, both inclusive. Mallard ducks and black ducks could be killed by shooting or otherwise from the first day of October to the tenth day of January. By the amendment, elk, deer, pheasants, mallard and black ducks may be killed in any manner at any time under a breeder’s license, but mallard or black ducks killed by shooting under a breeder’s license shall not be bought, sold or trafficked in. Under the provisions of section 375, it formerly provided that any dealer in fish duly licensed could hold during the close season, in a storehouse to be designated by the Commission, such part of his stock of fish as he had on hand undisposed of at the beginning of the close season, such dealer to give a bond to the people of the State conditioned that he will not, during the close season ensuing, sell, use, give away or otherwise dispose of any fish which he is permitted to possess during the close season; that he will not in any way, during the time when such bond is in force, violate any provisions of article five. ‘The bond may also con- tain such other provisions as to the inspection of the fish possessed, as the Commission shall require. This section has been amended to allow the possession of frogs during the close season upon the same conditions. There is one serious defect in the Conservation Law that was not corrected at the last session of the Legislature. The change which I suggest is very vital to a smooth and perfect working of the law. In codifying the law it was the intention of the codifiers to make it “permissive” in form. Therefore there should be one general penalty section covering all violations, except where explosives are used for killing fish, or in cases of graver violations of a similar nature; in such cases a more severe penalty should be provided. In the present law the penalty sections are con- flicting and confusing. No penalty clause should follow a per- CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 191 missive section, because there could be no violation of such a section. The past year has been one of increased activity in every branch of our work. The propagation and preservation of our fish and game are recognized as of vital importance by the public at large as well as by the sportsmen. Evidence unmistakable of this is found in the great increase in the number of calls upon the Commission by persons seeking information on fish and game matters. We are unable to supply the demand for the law books. The Legislature should be petitioned for at least fifty thousand copies, instead of thirty thousand copies as now provided. In justice to the hunter, so that he can be well informed as to our laws, he should be provided at the time he takes out a hunting license with a full and complete copy of the Conservation Law relating to fish and game. In many instances the syllabus fur- nished has not been sufficient, as it does not give the full law, simply providing a synopsis. I desire at this time to report to the Commissioners in brief the revenue derived from different branches of the Department of Fish and Game, also the number of birds and eggs distributed from the bird farm at Sherburne, all of which will be found in the statistical table following. During the fiscal year of 1914, the Conservation Commission issued hunting licenses to the SLTTLOULTLL wy Oster eee mares ANN Sire ay ONG g sfeatlon ota mee Male $201,022 00 Collected in fines and penalties................ 66,346 63 Mer uCOTISES mt er datos. ata se eeys ais, Wat eae anarane seale 14,986 14 Or Ge Ac oIme, OF PAINE. 305 ais s\6 dale o's law lefe aes aie 5,993 70 pr stmer pmo Of, GROWL fe <5 ease sla shel aise since) 6,585 00 Wie ECCOCTSWINCENISOS siu.g eos et she laa sia a lash ley ane a eee 425 00 OTSeIE TAG) MCENRESt erties aiaen We keels wad eh op ano: 8 60 00 or aumporta ton MICCNEeS CEC oi ei sia ein cio je, ae) 8 oe 1,120 35 Add to that the production at the game farm: 40,000 eggs at 40 cents each........ $16,000 00 i000 binds: atcGe, eachy 4). %/cieusi2s 20,000 00 1,400 brood birds at $4 each........ 5,600 00 >0 ol Vicea CE FG Or 4 62 ¢ Té Pat eC TUN Fl ODIO CT} sts *BuTorOs A "7" **JQq9saTO}SO MA eee eeeee “ouAB MA "7" "TOUSUIYSe MM seer ees TOITB AA POO D SD os NA] cece suryduro J, SOIC OC VOGII y (0) sere UBATTTNG Feeeeees ssTogng Feeee es sqaqnayg verses s@gauag se eee *JeyAnyqog ++ +++ -grreqoqog “+ ApeByoousygog oe eee . *BSOUBIBG “++ *g000IMBT “49 aeoueys pueppooy owe puowyony “***" J9Blessuey siviei@rerevans suaene Fourta Annuat Report oF THE 206 @aess enepder ave tits \eiere aus) A|eeiehe nen} eevevarsne 0 ja isisisie esecee | eeonee GaN amife Jei- IP acelaywyene "|e iepelaneie Alin oeial vues sey |e ceut ie tele seen eneee ones i i a oC i a ay nesseyy Ck ee er a | AIVUIODUOYY eeeee ee ee ee id moyuyD Eta = 1.0 TORTI COCO DCU SH IGN) ozue meqD I ee i ee ee er a Zunuy fe) rs Oe Cr ee enbneyney 9 it ee i i i i i) e3nAe fe) 1 Oe Varn |e ta ee CUO ROTOR sngneie 8 fe) rd ek ar er | xuo. Ig egaenala) we eee enews AINNOO ES ee ES a Sa (panuyuoy) — F16T ‘og YAANALdIAG OL ‘STG ‘[ YAMOLOG WOU GALVIOIA MV] NOILVAUDSNOD FHL JO SNOILOGG 207 ConsERVATION ComMIssION see sees teen eee eeeee seen sees wees sees wees Ryatanoialicnsueeteletaxet duetowon ee Marsiexez4is ude MA atreqoupg <\/ewse os. 8 eye 0 ApByoeusyIg eeeevesreeeesee 830}8IBG QoUudIMBT “399 OY, Fertig STs ah POENCOIS pUBpAooyy Fourta AnnuaL Report OF THE 208 eeeree eee eee PLS eeeee wees wees wees OLG | L196 eeeee LPG sees GPS seeee se ege see se eee we eee seeee PES a elie) e'Vere"'e\ e\i0 shaves! est ehiaye¥eletelelsiete o1re}UQ “essen Serve revere sere ete cies aOIUO SeCRCICeCRCRC UNC CHC RONCHI PCROIC CCIE I | WOSIpeyAL sie sf etoile ie) eive\faiieila’'e\ a) elaiieie) site inyats oUITyIO HY Sioj ia lo(eafes alive suej(njceik/ stots avererenn wo} [ture “9udaIr) “* XOSSOT + ouia “++ *sseqognd oIvAelaq. pus[}yL0oH Pe ee e ee ee ee TqUIN{o) “woqUuT[ Se ee osuesueyy BICICEO OO TCICRO DIO IC Cac nS 3 anuey) i i enbneyney: e) “eonABy ee ee ee ee ee . sngnvie}je9 i eC i ec ee ee ry ALNNOO (panuyuo)) — F161 ‘OG AAAWALdIA OL ‘ETT ‘[ YUAAOLOG WOUd GALVIOIA MV'T NOILVANASNO’) GHL dO SNOLLOES 209 ConsERVATION COMMISSION z 6 I g Bese eeaiers el praete se alt sairater Gop biliee eaten “lates ter rere Pica chee, [see ea erate ec ea OuUAE AA Se sees + mOJTUIYSe A Oi OkeO | oot OOo wee eee eee tet eee eee ewes eeee 22+ 9° -oreyoyog see DDO ODEO GO GUD OO IED Dato, Ailsa le pfel eee eee enee reser ees ese eesoqgIEg sees s(e)e lela eis ele eieie si QQ UOIABT “Ag Sooo mo oucaaotN Tan oo +) puBppoy eC ene ene eC ee ee +" pmourgory see srs) clesshancreseraasxee eleisstkosel >= (°.T5¥2/QHUG Ry Fourta Annuat Report OF THE 210 sees setae nesseN Maio LatNVetsE sna Aro UOT WO sifeterelniiolleyaucdsaneistsustst eoM0 J tae le jee 6 eee eee ee MOSIPBIAL oe vee ew elas 6 m04s3UL AUT JOUITYIO FL SO AADoON HINO Ad wo}[ture Fy outa ssoyoynd 916 GLE ALNNOO (papnjowo)) — 161 ‘Og AAAWALAG OL ‘ETT ‘[ YAHOLOG WOUd GALVIOIA MV] NOLLVAYASNOD GHL JO SNOILOGG 211 ConsERVATION CoMMISSION wena these) || Ueneyelm: 6 see ee ene eeee cw ee we elecipieevecies Wade aD eheiehaielew eielehale elmeyoyog Apsjosueyog Pee ee Ce) BI0YBIBG see eee eee ere OoUdIMB'T 49 Sere cee cee estes puvpyooy ee ee puouyony Sloe cre) pies se) are * * JOBlOssuey 212 FourtH AnnuAL REporRT OF THE Reeuitar PROTECTORS Num- Average Aver- ber of Total number G Average Total | 28e DIVISIONS men in| PU™ | of cases ROPE al SCCON = otal | cost ace ber of per pro- | Tecovery | ery per cost per sion [#CH0D8) “tector ease case Metropolitan and Lond Island Division, J. T. McCormick, Mivisioni@hieksqecae yee ee 15 417 28} $6,125 90) $62 66) $747 13) $1 79 Southern Division, W. C. Farley, | Division .Chiefee n.d er aeokecs 14 288 21} 3,506 90 12 18} 291 30! 1 01 Western Division, F. W. Hamil- ton, Division Chief........... 12 273 23) 5,941 20 21 76; 540 40} 1 98 Ontario Division, J. A. Colloton, | Division(Chiefsiaee. esos 10 229 23} 5,559 95 24 28) 558 61 St. Lawrence Division, F. C. Mul- lin, Division Chief. 3. 2.62... 15 198 13} 4,197 75 21 20; 444 80) 2 Hudson Division, C. E. Lee, Divi- BION Chichen, issefencrd wets oie wieio lore 9 182 20| 3,046 55 16 74, 246 40 Allegany Division, C. R. Stapley, | a Division! Chiefs 342s sie cman 9 170 19} 2,365 18 13 91) 147 45 Central New York Division, W. H. Weston, Division Chief..:.. 11 156 14) 3,152 55 20 21| 247 06) 1 Southern Adirondack Division, John E. Leavitt, Division Chief 7 127| 18} 2,642 40 20 81} 183 50} 1 45 Eastern Division, C. A. Johnston, Divisioni@hiefs. ai ie.cseuee cee 7 126} 18} 2,451 30 19 45| 377 99} 300 Eastern Adirondack Division, R. | B. Nichols, Division Chief..... 13 124| 10| 1,803 20 14 54) 422 35) 3 41 Northern Adirondack Division, B. A. Cameron, Division Chief.... 10 77\ 8 943 50} 12 25) 239 10} 3 11 Case‘settled by) Commissions. .)|/- «<'s.a2 ||«'ers-o.n «| eet wise 205 OOO OO | scrressve 20s)|(sieictsorer sie: |eeeeterers | | ASV EL AE MTCCOV.ELY oie cre everetatote ote tatede eo esicha enor orane Fate fencer cach ater elietuaves serene te leetara nyse ore siete ts $26 07 IAVETARE CORDSDETI CASS Saree eae Nac eie atte cre icine one cnet cues moterate te ister vehe stoi Soiree 1 87 SPECIAL PROTECTORS Num- Average Aver- 7 ber of ones number | Grogs gaia Total | 38° DIVISIONS men iN} per of of cases recovery | ery per GORE cost 1VI- lactions| Per Pro- case per sion tector case _—<—<——= | Metropolitan and Long Island | Division, J. T. McCormick, DivisroniC@hiel sess seen tet sole 7 24 3 $313 00) $13 04 $7 75; $0 32 Southern Division, W. C. Farley, Division Oiieksn sacs ernie ns 1 2 2 37 00 18 50 1 25 63 Western Division, F. W. Hamil- ton, Division Chief........... 6 58 10 971 00 16 74| 123 75) 2 13 Ontario Division, J. A. Colloton, Division Chiefarcace sain omer 1 10 10 469 80 46 98 24 80} 2 48 St. Lawrence Division, F. C. Mul- lin, Division Chief............ 1 2 2 46 50 23 25 1 50 75 Hudson Division, C. E. Lee, Divi- BION Chiel he ear wianctesheis otaltrartets 2 2 1 21 50 10 75 1 50 75 Allegany Division, C. R. Stapley, Wxyisloni Chieh sieeve crs ceisler 3 if 2 128 55| 18 36 8255.22 Central New York Division, W. H. Weston, Division Chief........ 7 94 13] 1,938 10 20 62) 242 25) 2 58 Southern Adirondack Division, John E. Leavitt, Division Chief 6 15 3 252 25 16 81 25 00) 1 67 Eastern Division, C. A. Johnston, “Diyasion Chiefs.2.4:. dos ae ese sie 4 8 2 162 55 20 32 20 40} 2 55 Eastern Adirondack Division, R. B. Nichols, Division Chief... .. 1 4 4 64 00 16 00 4 00; 100 Northern Adirondack Division, B. A. Cameron, Division Chief... . 1 11 11 206 o 18 73 14 90) 1 35 a AV ELAR TRCOVEEY trent ae sroetn alate mies sotchele ohovalenela sts iele hekclaysperetensticlis test etteteltatefateaeleietele sea $19 45 IAVETAPe \COBL DEL CASE: ar. cimevclcte elesetecietereeeletelovere cols Sistauetalelloteretiotel cllele le) mie tavetelalserhote sisteoace 2 00 ConsERVATION CoMMISSION 213 Report oF THE CHrEF GaME ProtTEecTOR : Con- Attor- REGULAR Actions Court > Other Total PROTECTORS bought Recovery costs eable ile charges costs JOR BAIT. e)05. F. Bauerschmidt. Carl goons ys eee eee wees ons bono: Pane ec) E i=] 8 . Callahan.... . Callaghan. . niG@atert tat. a © 4 te Ba to) ° “le! © < h .L. Delaney. ...... .M. DeSilva... 22 es eee dmund Gallagher.... H. Gammon....... A, Ginder Each ere Aue ee Heffernan..... Winns EVernick 20, 4 Edgar Hicks......... C.M. pul Sa oa Sa Jase H ESA eHortone seen Geo. B. Howland..... Jos. Jenkins.......... C. A. Johnston....... JohnH: Kanes*) 123: DB. Keefel: oso. CrJe Karby jee HJ Knappe. 86 oe 18 M.S. B. Knights..... Peter pene toes s 2idleters Neo i OLS) aera: CmOnow Gecnaacy ¢ lene! ccs) opens Z GZ PO) SRP este helo © A a ea OR eae ¢ S| (yeh ee) fa sss: Z 6 ie Seon Ciena areas hoe Sam COU YET SL ASO S\8) ») ee) enetis ChICRO Oa AGG I I CI Ye Dna a ie eee Ceara ON 1 fo) TV S| aque OG | Z eer >) ote) whe ofa re Sere RS eR NS oe a ce eRe AND eee ee eee eee ee wee Z "on PN SIDR a te eae ence goin ache bee ehcego ee AOTIAT ESOT EB UG) z Lite a ta eran rar wero ee Ait yye le ag jee 9 Osu Grea cael c Camas SS ACA Set OM ETL SUT O (> I ES PCN AT CAR Ee OO CV fo ha gpme a epee tS) Can ORD O I IZ Sas eae LNT OE OS a NOC ON a Co) gP8 POH AN Sa | I a) bhelene) she) © Z 9% Po MRED ORO UP ry eI} OMEN YG) eset IGT eee ee eee Ob Germans ry CP SS 2S SARIS SREB SCC oc is Ge chee 5: ST OUNLO GI Oma) t 4 Sotitae Sopher she Be ses ce catheteh naiics sisi") °}- aes OUULO @) (ea [eal 0 70\ 6y Tele one) \s MMO! Manito eee) 9,10 0 «Xe F Ste sie eee SGA ie cee Ark och beac) steuareme AUT ORT ETE (IE Ua I Sin oto a wo ee te eee I sss tyes slieieh okey oki eka lors coe eices aaa eaten TO NRE] ell popuedsns seymboy| EP | soouaquag | POU SUOLOGLOUd UVIANTY papnjau0) —SNOILOYW 4) SLTASTY 219 ConsERVATION ComMIssION ord ooo oc oneN Oro) O'O.0:0 6 Bh ee aU a SO Op Cg N00 OES OY FELON CeCe Cr OCC Perso "**** “TOISSTULUIOD Aq pe2733e8 OSB) BeAr etks 0 ates ATC el ee eee el cer TO ULLULLL Fan aA sage eae it ones ee eee aOR ee ee 6) SOR 2 Mee RON te Ae ee RUD IO AACE) ar 0) se eheesnis Tay Nek) inte eel tn ace ST TE ANU Ot SS eS ee Deane esere eee ON SO) ANTI RRULLI AN Pa sae ee coh te oea( in eee ene O TBO) NAe a) SS cores aie Sie bol Renee ee 9 OOISAIAA TUOQLOT A esha: reeling VIS ae Sparse) avo eee TB AA UO ft PSS ee eRe Sere ieee TOUS BAe a 109) Sear eee Peo ech ice eee ae RUG ULLOM OB AAC Tunas Dee hn SEARED 00 0-010 RSs Fa TSP eye CN) | etneit vaae esrb netted meebo OO CE ODAUB/ AC STUNG HT CA Ial ROIS HG SORE DOF OE OD ODIO ey Verts PUL (OP 220 FourtH Annuat REpoRT OF THE SUMMARY RECOVERIES AND EXPENSES Fines and | Expense of penalties | prosecution Regular protectors. 2-10. es ee ee a eet ae oe GL SOL TOOnOS Special provectOrss. sivas ss cise oe Cana as eit ek Gehan ay EO 25 PEG talicse Pe eck oe ee eta ACN ER Soha 42 ss ae OO OA OND Summary oF Resuuts oF Actions Broucut Regular Special protectors | protectors TRG a geetceic Res ace PET Ra eee oberon wa Obese 2,047 209 Feri eee ae ey Roa aea es casa) eeaatebor eer omer ctos eer Shae ee 33 8 John Doe proceedings ee 7 oneal de adie eee MO Nesre oes: Dentences suspended... .sccsts nace oe cet seers 155 12 Meauittedceton co oetrasirstacien clots ae Saka nenerce ees 42 + DISCOMEIN MEM se a ere Sissies elaleletoeiscneracond seo ee ooo 20 $ SURYA CISRETOOE Fo 2.ps cic the os iaeleisinase ie DAE aE 1 Pp eerie EOLA Spe tee urehe ces puts ements. ckot ere clei eee ets 2,368 237 $4,446 09 475 65 $4,921 74 ConsERVATION CoMmMISSION oe: Report OF THE CHIEF GAME PROTECTOR SPECIAL PROTECTORS Frank Bond.... pals F Geor Brier her stgians oan DAMES POBUUATAL ah some ae W.H. Bundenthal........ E-Chamberlain........... Henrys @ontvas tons ecra tos Adleni@ooper® © s.ce sts oe 1 pt Ys] 1 rol Ob 1s | ee ee Aig! 8 og Oh Co 7/3 a ne gS ee Arihnr Win Gage ae. tse BW Ganding =, 9) tame: oe WEAR Gibbs. i sane rsa es GR MGMIS ee fe cases Hee WVisloney tec. Goat ee Philip Manecke........... Jobn By. Moak. 225.12)... James F. Mooney......... Robert L. Moore.......... Chas. H. Nesley..2....... DE BAOughterson. 522.4: {2 ayn Bean eergs 6 sicictes cnt. WObNE RENE a)4<:c0 cise ore: amply berry ss] setae ner Won Jaranich, Jn. os... tek H, Ei. Robinson...........- Fred T. Schmidt AP Stadimeier. =.) bc see WinME Stearns 225 2222 Actions brought to = 00 bo iy bo MNNOENNE WHE NRO NEE STRE EH NDENONONN Oe Recovery | Court | Constable | Attorneys’ Total costs | fees fees costs | $54 70 $12 70 $10 00 $77 40 rik pees OR a ORE 1 50 DROO eevote ocean cdl oetettanct lee 5 00 53 7(0,0) toe ete eee 10 00 13 00 2 75 ARK V0) agen 4 75 DAR Vo AS A Sees ae ree 5 25 12 00} 5 70 25 40 43 10 TOROO WP ete are 13 30 23 30 2 80} 2 740) Beet ey | 6 00 AOD ns ered cal hs cera 39 20 UDO Peat sos evsuaral| sheisneeutcekerd | 1 50 Bb Rae easistas 2 00 2 85 AN OO Bios 5 roe lllete oop teerae 4 00 18 45 6 90 10 00. 35 35 QUO ne: 52 ats Wea etaae 3 00 ZOOS coma Soccer 2 50 TRO (3s 4-3 Aer ener | 1 00 AD een csvanes tes laveeato ater: 6 75 DD evan. cterertagailleiele o aeeeaReee | 1 633 (133) Rare Gen Corie eet aie 55 OP RH ls Pal en eae reaas ate 12 85 ral eae Keats | 275 3 20 SB OO|lore Soc tices | 6 55 125 | Nae See ee Patsy oe| Me eee ae rey £25 DO Ss Peele eae shea 50 ASCO repeal ane iet o 48 00 i L745) nei ie e coc [Oia e Girt 1 25 4 15 oti] (Ieee Pelee | 10 00 Pale Uienaia ated Fle oo eee Ss 24 80 MES QD ier, Sel Ne totars llonecere oe velotoks 11 20 VAP OO 22s) atsvcetaberallerlem mateo | 14 90 GUR20 ees Sera siete erce ee 61 20 DECOR eeeo,. he aline ee eee 2 65 ESOS Lia aoe eee eel omer cee Paeemtnee s $365 25) $39 70| $79 70) $475 65 222 FourrH AnnuAL Report OF THE ReEsvtt oF AcTIONS SPECIAL PROTECTORS GeomrBrier ie tee aes Henry Conse ss. sneer Allen’ Coopery.cshem cance, | Hirnest hisheer mea. eer ys)| Wid Hloydiere en omc i Arthur M. Gage........ SW. Gauding <7; 2.5554 WR Gibbs: escent ene | Grice Gilstes.: James Graham Re valoneystiaae eee Philip Manecke.... : John E. Moak e James B. Moffatt....... James F. Mooney....... Robert L. Moore........ Whas-EHoiNesley/esecin. D. B. Oughterson....... Ray Bre Parker’ -: 9 sc<60.2 John eriye roe. se jeiste Sampvit Perrys tases ats WarrcJe he aueb Jie) cote H.E. Robinson......... Fred T. Schmidt........ AG Stadimeier. 75s 5 te JevEPrWieldentese. tsher Potalsa atc. ees Fined 2 1 ] 4 5 1 1 2 1 15 4 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 209 Sentences suspended Jail Acquittals Dis- continued Total No REPNONANN AHH OO i) he MNNORF NN RE WOR HD ROE NH eT Reet CoNnSERVATION COMMISSION 223 Recorps or Drvistons, RecuLtar PRorEcTors Con- ; REGULAR Number Court Attorneys’| Other Total PROTECTORS cases Recovery costs ee fees charges | costs Joun T. McCormick, Division Cuter, METROPOLITAN AND Lona IsLtAND DrvisIon Thos. H. Allen....... 26 $314 35 $47 25 SSKOON ees veces] oer $50 25 BoM. Bailey... 0.5. 44 457 00 81 70 GR25 Peete airs $8 00 95 95 ed Bauerschmidt. 19 201 65 DEA OP steertvete all talons vie cones | areceret aeons 12 40 D. H. W. Benson..... 50 725 90 42, 15 (Ui) ba reas eecteaes (Gee toi 46 40 Edmund Gallagher. . 43 632 75 TLD tage vie ee Mlanaizie wiisisc collate a erase Zt he MEA ae Eatin etal «iste serene 14 208 00 11 70 Dey) Pegelere ene ieretel istatsl Glomabere 15 20 Edgar Hicks......... 30 812 00 28 (OT) [eles NES SERCO PROPEL RC a oneness 2 00 ee vealdrethi sc... 10 154 00 DEB O| epee ree lsh ete cot cea llsukene stews 12 50 18G A. IELOLCOM elon 21 324 60 28 50 MOCOO | sere Sicceveuats||tacsia ected 99 40 ID cle a kGot:h Cee 8 a ane 45 623 15 76 00 ) 763 B20) OO hare renss toe 104 75 John T. McCormick... 5 110 00 FSO [as cnagentar Sell cs aevavtaenessuews | fersaiecerniaes 5 00 E. R. Overton........ 29 393 00 48 60 63 65 57 67 2 00} 171 92 Geo. E. Sutton....... 13 175 00 SOO eter apeisieretel Reterenclaiensccrecsi||.... 21 338 85 TOD ers. s mare omieret saierons $1 95 19 90 DAE Keele. ies 16 153 40 GNSB eee meet otitis or 4 75 14 10 M. C. Murphy....... 31 362 00 DATO Cee aE aceon moleteceteis istchate aera e 24 75 Hae © Connori.s'. . = 28 250 00 QOMAD lend eer erie ltextyercteiehe ekate | heraiociolens 23 45 Johnne Bs Vann eee 15 206 20 OASsol UNS aes Biel cictisl ieee ain ee che od | reach nei 28 50 Charles H. Yaple..... 16 188 05 GOO riers tose a, ctlletane eae ace eee sill eieerece 26 90 Motalerse see ees 288] $3,506 90 $240 75 $3 75 $40 10 $6 70) $291 30 SS oe eS) OS eae 88 EES SS a ee SSS sO Se , DIvIsion CHIEF, WESTERN DIVISION 25 SOL 25 IRS SI2 G5 |eca ae eles ne $63 90 00 29 15 TiR35 $12 00 $3 00 55 50 25 41 15 3 80 SOO |Remeeon a 49 95 85 AS Bete catnns tote | ster ahohepeierare tet ei oteeera te 14 35 00 SHOU Rmncbyerets 60200 Reena ae 98 60 50 30 95 TSS er oenat se ecins wichee clea 32 80 60 GE OD eek ocr |cera ne mete Canal ane we Cec 36 05 70 PSEA Se oreters.« |lomneterereteerell loves emelnre 15 45 10 47 25 7 40 ADEHO | ea mreyne 97 15 Rid. Sinhtors DZ HVOONeteyypaete evan ee costa eete ate. eters 25 00 55 PAT HO [eee alle ee tse A Ne eae 14 50 40 Py dlls) |g te TONOO| Seas of Lo 20 $370 85| $37. 05 $129 50 $3 00) $540 40 JamgEs A. Conutoton, Division Cuter, ONTARIO DIVISION M. L. Callaghan...... 37 $716 50 $81 63| $10 90 $20 00| $13 60) $126 13 J. A*é Collotons..25 5 5 123 50 Seo0 Pees ee TSNOOW ee dace 18 50 George Davis........ 15 357 50 33 70 18 00 15 88 5 00 72 58 HeCs DeWolfssccees. 6 197 10 PAM 20 aes se 20/00) cc catae 34 20 C. T. DoVille 30 511 50 SON 75 ase aes OR OO (erred 49 75 E. H. Gammon....... 42 929 00 90 25 4 70 SGNOOl Naa cae. 130 95 Peter Knobloch...... 8 283 00 WEMOO | Meratae codes ltetercse eh ecsicrsy silico suusaye ete 18 00 C. H. O’Donnell...... 45| 1,530 15 63 40 QUAO aoe Sel cetera toner nites 72 80 Cr Quick> pr mncaiae 2 21 00 POO |e ere ticec Sy aratctetaye ansee haseatia oor ste 1 00 George H. Travis..... 39 890 70 32 10 DEGO tee cee nome ae 34 70 PROG asap shore tertyc 229) $5,559 95 $377 53| $45 60 $116 88| $18 60! $558 61 224 FourrH AnnuaL Report oF THE Recorps oF Divisions, Reagutar Protectors — Continued REGULAR Number Court Con- Attorneys’| Other Total PROTECTORS cases | Recovery costs |. table fees charges | costs | | F. C. Mutiny, Division Cuier, St. LAWRENCE Division WeadsAndrez<).4).5.5'25 23) $499 75 $50 35 $3 50 SLi 50) Satae eee $71 32 PMB ee scc5 «a 2 38 70 Eid (1) Cee [pane nigel Rete: 3 79 WG well eae. 064. 14, 252 50 12 45 5 00 26) SO Ses eee 43 9° John Dollinger....... 16 278 00 SVOO| a cal derbc cee eae 8 00 DAV RELANG Sock sitoersete 19 444 00 A SHOO Neer ovs exc stail ovavekorave aca. cretieraetera ete 18 00 A GAIEVaATTISH Ot). teye.s ore 20 447 50 16 35 UO ea oe ea ees 17 45 Joseph Jenkins....... 10 115 05 11 05 3 45 Dw AS | Sites 25 95 eH Kane perce 15) 271 80 MOE Ess aoa ell ear ahora ea ell Pete eehe hte 9 05 John H. Mallette eee 14, 201 35 23 25 13 10 10%00|S oe 46 35 WCiMullinicelacc. =. 4) 222 10 DAO Meer ac era lte wi tke Areal ore eee 2 10 ae Northup Sh os Rte 5) 102 50 DOO Sersye eo aa'| (aja vropaus Breast] Seeareree 2 50 Rae MiSs rol A Woes oer ito eyes 12 222 00 28 35 21 15 46100 |\2eee 95 50 Clark M. Stearne..... 33) 900 00 Q2TJOD\ ne te ae AZ O0|\5 wasn te 69 55 iP) Ver! Snyder. .i.2 is. 10 177 00 23 35 5 00 ZOO eee soe 30 85 George S. Wagoner... 1 25 50 ED OSE Ss coe | coats eves allleeeee eta 50 Total ears wrheci tere 198} $4,197 75 $236 55} $52 30 S55 KO5 | aha $444 80 Cuartes E. Ler, Division Curer, Hupson Division Joseph Barry........ 28 $326 35) BIZ S20 Ire occas cee lino cre ersousse om listers wisieiane $12 20 A. J. Conklin 25 9 eiabats By 6@ 2 Crosses svaiaeiel Fred DeWitt......... @iRmerick.. 3.00208 si Gs Go) eos Charles E. Lee Lied eM Eta doe Bere oe il7/ 289 25 38 90 23 00 $10 00 2 00 73 90 Beye Ww Nolan... career: 11 318 25 21 33 9 OG) bs Seek 7 96 39 25 TLotalncsid ocetocts 182} $3,046 55 $181 23] $38 21 $10 00} $16 sl $246 40 C. R. Svaptey, Division Cuter, ALLEGANY DIvisIoNn Carl A. Beebe........ 16 $243 25 SIZSZ bl ee aa aets slot oll ieee $12 25 GAC Culver soos ners 26 270 30 TSS eee ore lect evs cro enecal inane epee 11 85 Hi Hefternan).ct 5. ss ae 33 452 10 21 40 SONOS |G Ace toons leseweeee 22 35 TS seNlonrishimeeieniee 22 407 08 27 45 5100 | 3 SAAS cteroens 32 45 Frank O’Brien....... 4 46 45 D5 leases, ess sehel| Win tare ene eee 1 45 John Sy Pike sss. he. 7 124 50 7 10 Does. tie Neier ai] | sdiebete teas 7 35 SES Scott. caccmssrane 27 363 65 PEAT) aan 3 iene, ARE enl tease ars cy ae 23 25 Saeed R. Stapley..... 27 362 75 25 60 bie (7) eg aaacreeral (oceans 31 35 V. A. Zimmer........ 8 95 10 NAD] Gye vtec c aca iere nae Ohne tall teas Sieeleke 5 15 TOA seta reie cet avete 170} $2,365 18 $135750 |e cS1ds Obl se rescaiee lll ectee etaree $147 45 | | | | | W.H. Wsston, Division Curer, CentrRaAL New York Division F. H. Bellinger....... 13 $264 25 SOCOO | Res eo a all Sis neve acelt| eress ot otitis $9 00 Be Downing.) 20... 26 510 50 AA OO ark en eeceall Skaie che tes ofA ce leiotenetals | 44 00 Cy J. Branklinis. 3. in<- 1 25 00 GF aa eeeeres rol SPORE AIOE ones 5 55 William Herrick...... 9 199 00 OOO | cca otal esoctssaac oe lcccsvers: otters 9 00 W.A. Hoagland...... 31 699 00 S810] PESTO 275 | Heteae.e crs elections 48 85 Sasa lavlorrcs cacisee« 20 259 06 19 11 2 BONS Sis scr llotata See 21 61 Merton Wescott...... 22 300 36 21 91 11 20 SU5NO0| Scan 48 11 \iigacinl SEM iGc omens +c! (ae GPGe sl Eb e C an oo nl lao Oanbm ooo! pe Mekal loro ome tect dc oo cools a6 send Johny Wallist... stair 11 284 60 13 86 MBO] cise be apes vas mote 21 46 Win CO SWioodls . ccprelicrcie «ajs.<10\]\s Aatates daietedltabele stay tare ts Bis baie lic ee Srarcic ors | aveue iavahe stele ieeeette @.'G. Worden: 3...25- 23 610 78 25 48 4 00 10500\5 35heeee 39 48 Total or. sis.- astets 156} $3,152 55 $186 01) $36 05 $25 00h. < cceete $247 06 ConsERVATION COMMISSION 925 Recorps oF Divisions, Reautar Prorrectors — Concluded REGULAR Number Court Con- | attorneys’| Other | Total PROTECTORS cases Recovery costs sea fees charges | costs J. E. Leavitt, Division Cuimr, SouTHERN ADIRONDACK DIvIsION Miles Hazelton....... 14, $449 95 $17 60 $0 70 $11 00 $5 50] $34 80 GCeMe Billeris se) ose: | 129 40 Sa GO| atetovate |e siecrarmaccarelnraicteacen nce 3 60 Vohnichy Hea vittor sree ec | acclejere aos eae eeu) | teeta Tae Pes ayia ee etay sts | tavorcholis tor scisueig Whar vetetesyole eid ane tel sulezete GHA Masten ./n.% 23. 28) 534 40 33 45 ZOO cope see sic cucte,tonactny sfesate 35 45 Ww. As Newell tice 16) 366 95 DUS OB ere steenstaual|wiateyetee ees eteralcs Mier th geben 11 95 C. E. Underhill....... 46 869 30 66 85 DBVAS i iirncisyctstalle cre.cuteteks 90 30 C. Wheaton.......... 15) 292 40 Tio AO Meats ay sah cal evaberaecaters accu l aver eres 7 40 MOtal eo ecrs ener eels 127 $2,642 40 $140 85) $26 15 $11 00 $5 50} $183 50 C. A. Jounston, Division Curer, EASTERN Division OLE Butler. seh aise 24 $511 65 Sob 5 S154 0|\o05 2 seve $0 32) $40 87 is PEO RLET ci antsss ie. sacle 1 11 30 VASO evade eteitere [\cuace 16 etavebere |iove ss ot erevere 1 30 W. L. Delaney....... ie 172 00 ROO lea tents are S500 (area ee 12 50 Deve Gindernvas ts annie 44 936 60 89 50 PSU GOs ce ceta clam are 5 00} 110 10 CHA: Jobnston..7. 7... 36 524 45 105 90 GBIOT see coe nes 18 00} 192 87 SR enihpse eee 1 ONTO ee oude ob Sad Soicnerd| Ipaeabocoen pemocc oo (Canora F. Van de Boe....... 13 285 30 15 00 aap | eretak eit aierenelielonsteve ie texe 20 35 Potala pts secret 126) $2,451 30 $244 35] $105 32 $5 00) $23 32} $377 99 R. B. Nicuoxs, Division Cuter, ADIRONDACK DIVISION Dennis Bump........ 19 $220 00 SAS GO li PlLe OO] hore ceratonorsrerctetetercecue) epee $53 55 Warde butler: nuwieoes 5 64 00 Bj SD | Arey sees ersiebell ig lorGuonetore ieracall (ooreauanerets 5 85 H. B. Cruikshank..... 9 186 00 25 70 18 85 $40"00l5 ic iae 84 55 Theodore Godbout 13 182 20 21 45 BBD | is cehert tre erallereoveceioece 26 00 G. B. Howland....... 8 232 00 13 85 De Gcaeiertreletesyullsteceveasceasye 16 00 MAB eland)o2..05. 8 44 00 15 70 12 00 SOMOOM scterent: 57 70 D. W. Linnehan ..... 1 11 00 MOO icc oe ete cisco Dal ease. oinis 1 00 Daniel Lynn......... Whats Scape 1 Leds] ees oC! ecaeernccene| (Groene ee 1 75 J. J. McDonough..... 6 92 50 BOO laste sia leee eievers esate Yeral on ceerate 8 50 FEB NichOlsinystycircie-s 6 125 00 13), (0,0) (Mons Serer meen st (aeeucronts 5 00 INA Scotts seers 15 211 00 25 AO) Secs 30k OO) 5: chores 55 40 T. J. Sheridan........ 18 255 00 36 40 5 35 35) GONE Seco 77 35 Robert Somerville. ... 15 180 50 25 30 ADAG ae aie cavsbere Pate sisveretere 29 70 PL OtAlE EES tect 124} $1,803 20 $214 50) $72 25 $135160) 2 5. ce $422 35 (GINS TB eis WS pels cota] Caen oat ec Sane cian EM aa eiao ald olaieictans oir oRecetc al prossog| operate Byron A. Cameron.... 14 $182 50 $34 85 SSN LO [Pegs cece ol oe see eae $38 05 PRS MOLG) cheers bie ic 4 32 50 Hae eee caeil lanes tea yaia 6) ail taqsiereneteere 4 45 CAIs Karbys cree. 8 23 00 QSOS levarace sec eaters aie ol elaceraunia ees 23 05 Dab Moxley tac. c 5 92 50 (ats 0) Ra ae See ae) een oo ee Lat cerca 7 50 Ueeee Northen Z 15 00 4 55 19 80 DOS AO Eee teas 92 75 Charles Riley........ 2 FU OO sete repchcii lta ehoes cm ore ae cavetietons eter] etziacenstavatat|ecslonete cane Eitan Ste Clairenr... 2 25 00 SR eteeee ave toserele crate aota tease eke cele 3 25 D. W. Seckington..... 19 255 50 27 45 PDP rambecctons areal letoviehentars 28 70 ¥. G. "Thomas Avice aes 20 242 50 AVIS eee ererey nce Ail Avctenet obs .nisa'locatmedaneceNel sie 41 35 Mota serine aches tees 77 $943 50 $146 45) $24 25 SOS 40 1)5 Hirao elev $239 10 ee 8 226 Fourth AnnuaLt Report OF THE Recorps oF Divistons, Spectra Protectors ‘ Con- SPECIAL Number eae Court Attorneys’ Total PROTECTORS cases Recovery costs Sere fees costs Joun T. McCormick, Diviston CuHiEF, METROPOLITAN AND LonG JsLaAnND Division URE Bele tcmas tee coe it | eli scp ere | Aaah A wt a Raye at ES Seay en Re eee William Blackie........... 2 $25 00 $2 75 $2 200RS oe $4 75 Arthur!M: ‘Gage'../9 = esc. 1 13 00 SAOO ere te caten lid eperioneces sees 3 00 GG nG ills eye as ae hiavetaate 1 TOROO| Saersasetoce| seen etatee [hed Poecre crt All ce monk eae James Graham....::.....: 15 PANG) (UU eae atte soul jaadecoss oleh bb atoeccliasnonae.cns Phillip Manecke.......... 2 ZONOO IS: sors tees octets creas Veet easel | ateeened, eee Wine J ec RatiCh wo Deesiae eciciee I Ma dens sete kel, Beare ics ole ee hears aa cae [ose ERIE heen mci Rotahi (eevee Ween tts 24] $313 00) $5 75 $200} is Se $7 75 Witiiam C. Farry, Division Cuter, SOUTHERN DIvISION Sama Me Berry. csc sece | 2| $37 00 S12 I nyo etarseais ngs | eo ee ete $1-25 SS = SS SS SS SS FrrEeD’kK W. Hamiuton, Division CHInF, WESTERN DIVISION He De Bivkmire vets ooecee 6 $65 00 $5100] bere eee cies $5 00 Krank: Bonds. ss tcs eee 7 293 25 12 00 $5 70 $25 40 43 10 Robert L. Moore.......... 1 37 75 DATSVA™ Seater ie eR oe ores 2 75 Ray eibarkere. 7. ccs peak 1 11 50 DO alee Selig Sota actos 50 AS Stadlmererses - Wiactee 10 66 00 TRZO eters eacallt shee Schmidt 2342 ..22 10 $469 80 $245 80[ ee | oe re are $24 80 F. ©. Mouuurn, Drvision Curer, St. Lawrence Division By. Chamberlaini.. 2. occ... | 2 $46 50 S150) ore ae: | OS Le aha | $1 50 CuarLes E. Len, Drvision Corer, Hupson Division Mobi Ballard'*s-5 ot coe 1 $11 50 SU SO. otras tol aie rene $1 50 BEV ECd oye aa Shaneee 1 VOR OO | Sacer mr ee poston | Sater mer cel ale an ere otal Sere ccc tcecas 2 $21 50 SLDO Py oltre meee $1 50 C. R. Sraptey, Division Cuaier, ALLEGANY Drviston HJ. eMaloney.a2 2. + sce 4 $76 75 SOMA lisa ecaloc see $6 79 James B. Moffatt......... 1 10 55 Hits) ea ae cs tree Phen FPS een ete 55 Dp) Bs Oughtersonss2-0- 2 2 41 25 4 GAOT] Ree aise rae os eeeal Urata san anne 1 25 Rotalemon tees comets i $128 55 DE OO |. sexes! Sue teres myth gees $8 55 W. H. Weston, Division CHinFr, CENTRAL NEw Yor« Division BCI Anson arte. keen 28 $519 50 $54 70 $12 70 $10 00 $77 40 John Da Blacke 05 eee 2 53 00 S00 leanne 10 00 13 00 George Briers)... 400. ee 6 150 00 HOROO TS oes 13 30 23 30 JaMes bullardss cs Nee 2 30 00 2 80 ADO cas Cate cae 6 00 W.H. Bundenthal........ 21 556 50 SO E20 ey Mesos re eae nie 39 20 Wine loyd Sra een 7 75 10 18 45 6 99 10 00 35 35 Johny sPerry sts eee 28 554 00 ASV OO Ra nh ot eep ae eee 48 00 Rota Gate acee 94| $1,938 10 $176 15 $22 SO $43 30 $242 25 ConsERVATION Commission 227 Recorps or Drivistons, SprctaL Protectors — Concluded SPECIAL Number Court Con- | attorneys’| Total PROTECTORS cases Recovery costs stab! ; fees costs J. E. Leavitt, Drvision Curer, SourTHERN ADIRONDACK DIvISION Jonn Co Bhunek sais =< 6 $103 25 C043) (cee taal] ine, Cerne is $5 25 Atlen' Coopers = 5 sos snctesics 1 12 85 SOS Ses shina $2 00 2 85 BWV eAG HUG cas to's) eves il 17 50 De |e ates steters Ail ae mame tere 2 50 JohnebiMoake sis ciadaee: 1 20 00 WAI 05) earn ee eisttrand Inepaeinaras Pie 1 75 eH RVODINSOM, fsa chs che = 1 26 00 4 15 SoCS al eae 10 00 Te WPIWeldenicn.c 1-6 siscleeloe's 5 72 65 Dis Gola sees siete ake talc ae enone 2 65 MOCA Saas haces, Verio 15 $252 25 $17 15 $5 85 $2 00 $25 00 C. A. Jonnston, Division Cuipr, EASTERN DIvisioNn Henrys Corts 2). iie%2 eieetache 1 SO SOO eee es esae yeh are reae acetate: [lode cose tate cnet [os bac Parnes SWia thy GUD DS eer. tow lode neice 2 21 00 SLE OO | Rasen costae ase « $1 00 James I’. Moorey. . 3 50 00 DSO le ocsete ceske are anereteve, aeverate 12 85 Charles H. Nesley......... 2 71 55 3 20 tS as 15) (BR aeeeiogc 6 55 otal Maen. sce awe 8 $162 55 $17 05 $3. 35\ sass hess $20 40 R. B. Nicuois, Division Curer, ADIRONDACK DIVISION 4 $64 00 SAE OO a geese eerste seins $4 00 _ Byron A. Cameron, Division Cuter, Norte8= tADIRONDACK DIVISION William M. Stearns....... | “| $206 aa SL AFOO ae g ces | SE Oo ARSE | $14 9 \ eee es 228 FourtH AnnuaL Report OF THE Hontine AND Trappine Licenses Issurp Durine THE FIscaL Year Octoser 1, 1913, ro SrpTremMsBeEr 30, 1914 COUNTY Gaya ee ees ice Cadets rare Oe tea & acorns ee @hartanquan sects et ie cet meiolees Germans eg ete ee een catches enc ah rere eae wa hotels Hen ATIEO ee pyres at tore ois citrers. tay sevekese easinicr sarees Clmionpese eee eee eee te Maisons ero re snc Ga Mics ee th came as idecte ener IVT OMTO’ ausiatsie clara Rohn Sink. Rob boaaene stekeus leer cats ous ONTETIOSE ER Ao ree ee eee OE en ataes QUICCTIS aes hee cad are eee eee esyorege 5 ieee beta beam ener Rockland sie erceniictthorate stomtne Mosse Bamissaerorots DAM ACO Re tiger Naas on ekemriele Oran tonanate oyseoners RING Behenectadyie2s crit cost stagets mip Soe a arcesbe emer SGhOHaVe ys eae dan the Saat Oe ee Wik Ne ee arere seit tai ote reie aire nte muabletara sarees Resident 2,124 1,379 195,702 Non- Non- : : resident Total Tesident taxpayers ZO | Wikerecs ess aeees 3,845 20 20 3,196 20) i Nessleeteve me 2,232 Siena iafoterccsLAl. ako lelercte ress 15 160 30 4,754 AQ Pe cletinstns 3,190 20 10 4,854 QO Nie roe 2,403 DON oS ORE ier, 3,286 7 il OR See aso 2,055 SORIA oe ee 2,482 DON) siystiteeuet 1,873 20 wie saiaithe,cteters 3,426 160 40 3,480 eeeeeakewsie 10 6,837 100 20 4,108 240 40 3,999 Ried nee 30 2,883 GOW ee erersteornce 2,013 A evefetousiae 30 2,667 220 90 1,871 220 30 3,931 200 20 5,656 60 10 2,151 80 20 2,874 er or cratelioks 10 3,052 eens ee ound Y PAC cig ioec 2,42 MOO Serer siere 6,557 BS RG aces eéero Borne cae 2,356 Se Ba TNGP ET tale ego tele es 2,642 1,060 280 5,521 Sietole ebenenet atl MibtMekshe erate 2,467 200 30 5,993 ZO oie trcretas ccche 6,725 PANS ieeNa ak Sic ee 4,131 AQ stot hactns 5,650 20) |! Bateee es 1,514 AQ erator ere 4,146 So aa | noeiaad tn 3,252 Eo ie eile 10 674 ZO eesitreetae: LU 2Ue 80 10 2,813 Stet alesse AN Liste elec ote 546 20 10 1,975 ZOOM ite nets 5,638 GOSteo aan 4,445 40 10 2,541 Soi eerotterae |i atains An 916 emake cusleye oon eipiseetereteve 1,127 See we LD eis heehee 1,339 BOM Me ieee eee 6,151 400 50 6,665 20 10 3,382 eta tore Siae il! ayer enero le 1,839 QO ee ee kere 2,457 40 30 4,765 Bi Sin oince 20 2,625 20 30 2,360 40 30 3,817 60 30 3,720 he ethers seb ateaers 2,124 ee ene as (ee eae 1,379 4,360 960 201 ,022 ConsERVATION ComMIssION 229 ReEcorD oF PHEASANTS AND PHEASANTS’ Eaas SuippED FROM THE State GAME Farm at SHERBURNE, N. Y., Durine THE Year 1914. Eggs PAT DAT yitee rare) Sete vcte lose le Siakcin te okra atat clei aheveia ietartore a ate clerevale al elec: fistcvech sie se 300 DME RIA re i or ORE AAG ICE EERO CIO OC RICE IE EO Ener eae ee ean 360 IBTOOME Hepa Serie cke oe Ae dee ee sos ebaee aes ate belaravett eaicalace, o°el eit owe Aoorececes 585 Lat 00 syor 36 CBee Oo DOC TIDE Ge ODODE 6.0 GORE OUSIDE ORD OTE RC Beaten! [ee nsmrs ir GATTAra EUs sr wr seine cence aoe evan tciavebek« tier cle Rictauals, Soeyaleiete waters fie 630 LOE ATHED Bip 6 AG IO OIE te Ie DIENT CHE ORO RtR Cec OOIEEEER ICID ce Taras 90 RAT eee eerie clerics over a a ete 1 MCR tn ental eceroueds: bight. coe lekelorciots ein olevads 420 CS ROEUS ee eee ere me eaticeie ane AONE Us torsitegs, Share Toe Leta iere o ice sisi AE oheie @iscoses 105 GSTS ere eee est eae eae ale Celene evans) oleeaviacs eave radolenavoiegatars aie, s 180 GNC On RE ee re a ee eae ee eee bo ote aie ee ton were aide cele oe 450 690 300 555 1,035 1,770 165 555 135 90 150 180 480 1,805 30 1,505 75 NA SAAT OMB pti oe co te eae i Poss s a ave car gy have sl ohoe exer ofc iatay Sie opaitadedw lo Telehierg-csalidy sek aes 180 IVEONT OOM fees sc ai asate cushoucitezeresataye roth: giana a treyeece ate dca eva absietaat oor ev'aleloutveraneebeieve 120 IVE OTE OTITEE Ys eay cece vacuo NC UOTE oa See a elior cote Sach Soa MO uaRD rene Aehirate oy ehe tine 1,302 INASSAUIN AEE trace scl sieeteys a satan ao cna alse acttes en eyaiGuara. Ceagalae Spat Aas cl odio. ahaphisieeverd 270 EIN yin OU et ie ease re ete nee ae RS errc ae oe ae ear ete e heh clin tetono eee Geol pee ref loca: alioveworale INL sane eect ct eee ete reve rniab cl accie ePemeeiiet ss aighVaie tet Oia ete o shlate Rulacttnonare aid acske-eyavetals 750 ETC en ee a tee tee homes lode Seay tel ticudec ale Susyumeltio oe wlarG 2,730 NOT ay ree erase ee acer ayaa eee e be ate rl oy renee hare Mdia syerieys 2,075 TAT O ergs as ete tes aero rev na eS c a Be Siac ea TE eet agers) alata ata bale: ear etehl a neaWs 15 (QUENT tat TORO IRAE To EELS EEC ORO LOR RE eee nS ICY IED STL eco 960 Ore ris ri rarer Rash hee ore Neo era ove Noahs PS. She or nana Me have have, ciatoecetal She son 45 OF aloes Care ries Cue CECE SERS EE ETA OIE Ies RE See ROR Ret Soa POET BIN OCR LAPSE 1,530 Ors Ter el ane anty eGR TOS CIELO Ee Re oe RIO OE IO rere 570 PATEL ey erg ote coteve et Sal ea at wha) avers a ect ccacctape eS Gr sree Sia ere a iaiueleie- S eadie Se biere 285 GOUEETIS Parte ce rete oy ee tere eared cesta t ia Pra apace auanetctiodterere cial mabe pa vana/ereys 160 HRENSBELA CH? Acicrtiet area pvcteroretokesS te oh ante ay cia touwielle tue oiatie Mag eote RaNs erate eke hota el sian 375 ERICHVONG pe ete eats peer hava oGard Ste aucvcte oe 6 ate ebaTa eave elie haLeue wake wien lated toce 75 1 82a) Fel E7516 US ce gr et en Reopen ne EN Ie SA RP ee ea me eae Ree 345 Samba WEN COe esr ctotay a. Geeks, sh Ae ate eta. ode ack pra dead re age eet em eels ate 765 STRLOR AEN ON eter re Se cledstl ors sensi SURE lola teas witelsatetelase hartnawee eiteiniok 955 PIC HEME CEA Y pease siete reas Sate creoR a Aiate wlOLe akan Rotede aParane aod verb ahalel nis temnledetole auoisigtele 180 CNOBATICR Ne crapiere ree fol eastoe acter trope alee ate otatie or ava aNSVOTA Cuerctecuncie ter Sieniars 114 60 750 955 240 585 415 285 345 SWittslniniotonimree es ere cr tren Racpott meres see a eho cla aba ia tenaieh ayave/ abet & Seb eawn a7ayinr eoees 480 VW AVC L Ry serctars citer eae ce etabare ekene ees tI a alave eG cnet pkaternind Seteve, ogee ace 15 Westchester wren rctetete errata tee eee renee ict on nisi rae Sige eeesoiers bee 685 AWAY OMIT DY ay ece si ararecers etme Fete Le icy we eee aie ctaie ohecs wleusGusvaie Wiese ets 285 DVR ECRIN Sas, pr terres amine vet mencearehar econo ioe Ntat alate re ace Lehi ialats, oie a cles oueye athe lombrae dielf beige a eecae Motels rt daccetie aie ahaa elem stayeleieloteteie Vee aan Sate ae Kos ined eo elave ele oc 31,541 Birds sete ee ee 230 FourrH AnNvuAL Report oF CONSERVATION COMMISSION Summary of Receipts Hunting and trapping licenses.............. $201,022 00 Himes and: penalties ois os ome rete > 66,346 63 Net licenses.) .5,0.- 3 No Eee Sea ee Ut eet aga cic de 14,986 14 Prout taeeed 5. 25 citwlo' a. steve tela ore oneles o ie NRL 6,585 00 CANT) PAREN eee are ate er wie eye usin tedea tpt 5,993 70 Breeders’ licenses (deer, etc.)...-....2-..5-+ 425 00 Trout tapping machines <>. ). 6 36m seas wa 0 300 00 Importation licenses <7). m-s- iis ane wale pen 320 00 Pagsession ol Vemison reset Salinas ss race . 230 90 Tiacenses-.(furbearime. animals) 2.52.2 < sss 135 00 Salerot skins “(contiscated:)%: e.. Sa)> clvejecetcks seas 108 10 Scientia fe MGENSOS: -1 he) 15 asa s aieseyere tue afore sie oy = 60 00 Special protectors’ badges .......-...-.-.--- 26 00 Rent on trout tagging machines ............- 1 00 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF INLAND FISHERIES [231] ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF INLAND FISHERIES Hon. Jamzs J. Fox, Deputy Commissioner: Srr.— I respectfully submit herewith the report of the Bureau of Inland Fisheries for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1914, showing receipts from licensed nets of $14,986.14, which would have shown substantial increase from Seneca and Cayuga Lakes and other waters had not permission to use nets therein been with- drawn. These waters in former years gave a revenue amounting approximately to $1,400 with the use of gill, fyke and trap nets. The calendar year of 1913 shows that the total number of pounds of fish taken was 5,574,062 with a valuation of $267,- 106.46. The following table gives the wonderful increase from 1903-1913 in the catch of herring, whitefish and lake trout and the decrease in the catch of the shad: 1903 1913 (Cisco) herria Sige a eect ais oh) 1,574,617 3,247,413 Wil petislates iva nooo fiers cs Sapram eaten 49,421 376,158 alco) GROWL ees ornate, te secre ae ee 3,229 33,094 Shader ee eee ts te any ae 392,110 87,115 We attribute the increase of the herring (cisco), whitefish and lake trout to the liberal stocking of our waters from nine hatch- eries under the supervision of the Conservation Commission, and the decrease of the shad to the pollution of the Hudson and Dela- ware rivers and to the miles of nets along the Jersey shore and the nets used below Verplanck’s Point in the Hudson river in the State of New York; also the taking of the fingerling shad for minnows, which greatly adds to said decrease. Nets used below Verplanck’s Point are not required to be licensed and said nets are not prohibited from being used between sunset on Friday and sunrise Monday morning, which prevents a great number of the [233] 234 Fourth AnnuAL REportT OF THE shad from finding their way to the upper Hudson river, their natural spawning ground. Said shad taken below Verplanck’s Point are not in condition for spawning, owing to the tempera- ture of the water, and with these existing conditions, the Hudson river cannot expect an increase of shad to keep up the supply of former years. Netting the waters of the State of New York under license for coarse fish (fish not protected by law) has received due considera- tion by the present Conservation Commission, and a very liberal policy has been enacted, yet the giving the people of the State a more abundant supply of food fish has not been accepted by the public for its true value. The removal of the coarse fish by licensed nets has a tendency to make the hook and line fishing better, as the net fishermen are not permitted to take any species of the game fish. This has not been accepted by some of the hook and line fishermen, yet the experimental work which the Com- mission has done in the granting of licenses for the use of nets in certain waters, has proved that hook and line fishing has been improved. There is no valid reason why the objectionable fish such as mullet, carp, catfish, dogfish, bullheads, suckers, eels, gar- fish and ling should not be taken from our waters by netting, which is the only method which may be successfully employed by which benefits may be obtained. To wit: Ridding the waters of the coarse fish, giving employment to a large number of men, furnishing a more abundant supply of food fish, and putting money into circulation. Fishermen using licensed nets in the bays adjacent to Lake Ontario have taken 46,600 pounds of dogfish, garfish, billfish and ling the past season, thus relieving the waters of a destructive fish, which further demonstrates the benefits derived from the use of licensed nets in certain waters. Fishermen netting the Erie Canal at the western wide waters in Rochester under license, assisted the Commission in taking 1,317 small-mouth black bass, 3 pickerel, 5 pike, 20 silver bass and 874 calico bass which were placed in Irondequoit Bay. This was in December, 1913, and rescuing said fish from the canal at that season of the year prevented the loss thereof. The carp are finding their way into the waters of the State of CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 235 New York in great numbers. While they disturb the habits of our better class of fish, they are a source of considerable profit to the fishermen, and we should employ methods whereby the fisher- men could take this class of fish before our waters are overrun with them. The licensed fishermen took approximately 400,000 pounds of carp in 1913. More than one million carp were taken from the waters of Sandusky Bay in the State of Ohio in a period of four months during this past summer, and large numbers have been taken at other points in the State of Ohio. The States of Illinois and Indiana are propagating carp, but as the waters in these latter States are sluggish streams, they are more adapted to this species of fish than the waters of the State of New York. We would not desire that the waters of this State be stocked with carp, as the carp seem to be able to take care of themselves. Attached hereto find the statistical table of amounts collected, number of nets used and the waters where said nets are used for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1914; also the statistical table showing the waters from which fish were taken with licensed nets, the number of pounds taken and the value of the same for the calendar year of 1913. M. ©. WORTS, Superintendent, Inland Fisheries. 236 & Fourta AnnuaL Report oF THE Returns or LicensEep FISHERMEN Pounds of Fish Reported Caught During the Year 1913 Bass (striped) Bassi(rocls)inerncnidieenctecne IBullheads eee ee Ee Frostfish (tomcod)....... Herring. eee ceen oe Dake trout rice IBIS) (())-rinasooaae scot Total pounds........ Total value ssc eie oss Chaumont |Hudson river, bay, etc. 413,974 $27,761 30 etc. 415,469 $31,903 94 |$139,289 00 Lake Erie 3,805,189 Lake Ontario 192,120 $14,234 00 Returns oF LicensEep FisHERMEN Pounds of Fish Reported Caught During the Year 1913 — Bass (striped) Bassi(rock) ieee ectin teen Bullheads 4 etvascs aecsioe erring yen ches waraickee ae Piken (ole) meer eee ae (wall-eyed)......... Sodus, Fair Haven bays, etc. 141,783 $9,215 56 (Continued) Niagara river} Otsego lake 37,750 $3,795 65 Aes 101,644 $10,612 36 Sturgeon set-lines $7,536 16 Seneca river, Seneca and Cayuga lakes 220,995 $9,087 52 Sage Creek, North and Floodwood ponds we ele ws eieeleje CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 237 Returns oF Licrnsep FISHERMEN Pounds of Fish Reported Caught During the Year 1913 — (Continued ) Irondequoit | Erie canal, ee UN Other etc. bay Monroe co. waters IBASSN(StTIDEG))-ecrsteue rt arete ora es le nerey sSekores cove Bass (ROCK) Re sxe ers: fre tale voia che cobhanerere ais la ingbetea eh aie ep Bn ai, Lake trout MI StG aor eres ae ae Pike (blue) Pike (wall-eyed)...... Shaderery. cena aar ee Sturceont see Suckers yack sictescacscets Sunfishy hi. ors, tee Whitefish. . ho SU Ashi Soi nstactaheicistattearera eon che eee eee 16,984 $1,089 48 MGOtalPOUNAS hearer eecieiete eletiorctsle Motalevaluesccrca cece aslotore ous sos . Motalipoundsyor hshscakentacnrverersce meee ison ioe re ke cloves aes eis eee emails 5,574,062 Motalivaluctot ek taken yee ewe ede ra ere tcl san wie. sea cyt Gals eee oi $267,106 46 Licensep Ners Usep anp Frees Pam Ocroser 1, 1913, ro SEPTEMBER 30, 1914 Row boat, Fyke | Scap | Gill | Seine | Stake | sail boat, | Trap power boat Hudson river, Delaware river, Rondout creek........... 497 165 97 54 Gru |eeepeceet te | aooROSONaS hake/Ontarionseucne-ten oe Brees iden coon eer eae eaeneeeat eet an 66 18 1,290 00 MakeBrieh soc sc waseoos ee GE Sy sMlbeens gone cl aeastiece 5] hnGetaes 3 ote 66 45 2,560 50 Chaumont) Day.<%o.. 2204-6. 238 2 2) bre 2 ae Ut eyes pga rn ee 196 1,697 00 Otsezojand!Cayugaidakes:. sell) sone |) en) eee Oba lo rteneteey ltierspersueeres oot 158 00 Nets for taking deleterious ; fishtcan cess siemens vrllote 306 (Ol Petes ets 61 SreSeOe | esa a aba teand 347 4,187 73 ee eee eee Minnow Netlicensesy alae enn Neat ce ede cd eo Me Lem Bite ate tilt ce OAM $686 35 SturgeonysetMine licenses; Gosek ey ie eet are et Reet bare a Ta eh 324 23 DTN fe) ag Due U5 OMe ch coh ey sISty Ga eae et aiken aa DEI Be a oO HES Re 340 00 INIA CATA TAVeL BCADE Roche Tey putes yee tn crete aa yh mA SRT. oils aly eg Pinot 2 00 Machineltrapss Ss iecnnce ta tae pen mieten re ta abil 7 bide) a acim 160 00 \ $14,986 14 SHIPMENTS OF DEER BY COMMON CARRIER—HUNTING ACCIDENTS, ETC. [239] SHIPMENTS OF DEER BY COMMON CARRIER To the Superintendent of the American Express Company, Mr. F. A. Hoyt, and the Superintendent of the National Express Company, Mr. C. S. Colvin, we are indebted for the facts and figures relative to shipment of deer hereto appended. For the years 1911 and subsequent thereto, covering the period since the creation of the Conservation Commission, the shipments reported by the express companies have been as follows: Carcasses TU See TOO eee ease ay 1,743 Dio 1 27 Ae Ac PR oe REO 968 TRO Ne eR SN ea 1,269 i OHWUI ek a pe ese aa 1,266 Saddles Drrer SuHipMENTS SEASON 1914 M. & M. Route Head 60 41 81 Total mor Heads 114 120 128 143 Weight STATION Carcass Saddle Beaver River iia. aeistsiscrertis/aiete wine 8.0 5 30 2 Big MOO8C s\astern cictis si etevate Wolcle tae ete 27 1 STANEK Soo riece aiciatoloke eteus ete eines Salis... cache R@arterre ae tata. tie svona esketererdoreien sei 36 2 Chilfdwoldtest jcc ce ma bce eee 36 & MlOGd WOOd Fe sinciitie colon ce ee oben 13 te IHGOTEStPOLE = acters s tkese cla nie Cleperessvelee eter 17 1 Multoni@hain. st. passe ere eines 31 3 i ZO Rate saree 18 2 TP he eR eee (i) tecteen ercree AP ie Snicteca ok 77 9 12 3 BNL Brendictavee: 6 11 1 AW ee as! Ste ace 2 cate oa thers oh Diclivecceiessetes i LT eee ete MG [prerereycsat aie DN a ee lavake cts fe 11a) a es eric S18 US| See eee ae 3 2 a eee ae 30 1 Til) (ee OL one 14 1 upper Lake Ictsce eet ccce toes 75 15 White Lake Corners................ 28 2 Wroods' Laken |. vem aicinewe acmsieeues See ates 603 50 ef | J | 242 Fourto AnnuaL Report OF THE N. Y. & O. Route STATION Carcass Saddle Head Total Weight Baya ond eraalisnsictero eee ens meee Didi ew eee eraeeal hers aise roo 2 295 Brandon saeco tiers ieee eee Lan ae Dulles eeie as bial Bost 3 340 Childwoldassucecteecicne ces ial Bane ere ere al (cee AREER 7 775 Derrek irre ie tas vate aa oye Pee eR es Ya eee eer dl le eee sceaae 5 760 Dickinson’ Center-syeck see wenn ee 2 Pil Ned tec re 4 313 OWMEV Siisetapeisie cisieensin ccuekotse eievcraies ES [Keele eek yr] BAN meee Ai 5 730 TGaT Se nite e atic aan ie eee Pots a Vl reset on eral Egan ee 23 2,995 Mada waskals sc naraieicck oe wine tone (ide NURS Bare eave 6 830 Meri 0 4215 mata ta shone oan, S aoe eter neti 27 1p ee caer ae 28 3,945 IMOINa ees Ae ee ick eae Sul iercdrctee ceeds emake comes 8 1,234 St Regis Mallketaa.c ok eens OM Pies ee 11 16 777 Santa Claran asain: jeiieiita perivioirer PAT ee wearer tenet pene 24 4,269 Spring: Cove-e ans ae eek 11 eAlleserane ake 12 1,546 128 4 ul 143 | 18,799 R. W. & O. Route (C. & A. Branch) MAT Ari Chi se ctiaech, aioe taltsiaietae Gna ee 1 EY eae Par eat es| Races reeas rea 1 140 Benson yMiInes sis estes bess ee ees 68 Zi 5 80 10,483 arnisvallerin: oben we telcn te wtreers one De See eae Ii Pa aed ee a 0 14 1,966 Aalyrahy ee Pe aie daca noir: G5 djapate, rencveroun lM nrsare seen roece 6 905 INaturaleBrid cess mre ni-n te eraciniere oes ciate aL eh re otal escent a ch watt een 1 124 Newton Pallst vocciccn obec cninee oe 51 6 3 60 8,030 Oswepatchies <4. 2 ditvoncslge ous ao maa Bil reed scare laceyelall ms ospacsrestors 18 2,650 159 13 8 180 24,298 R., W. & O. Route. AM EWOED Sok ste icictersicrae als feue everest QL Faevcayaneto BREN | eee ones 2 266 Panton yee oes eoh ere ee Dil | Peta aee ee eee ethene bes 2 267 HID OM Faisscscsame erste ee lee ato e aaah 1 1 1 3 210 WATS iri ccc tine eae ioe anew DN neta isena| es RSL ees 2 258 I ETIMON eae ass onthe ees oe tere 1 i Wen Sesh 8 9 469 IVER SREM Bias Hee sichcew tomate hee aye afi sa tse Rear enc a y Sae a DAN 1 1 27 INORWOOG Rincon weiss ote reie ae Ls Ses oem et ban 8 Sa ae 1 157 IPOtSA RIN Ss erotics icles oem a eer erat tel Mes Seer cs 28 4,131 37 i | 10 48 5,785 F., J. & G. Route Mond asx iia tyre meee Oo aan DONS eee ey alet paced 2 251 Gloversyslletis cn ace te ae eal ieee 10 NSF | Paes were are 11 1,519 OHDSFOWN 23 oy5 elie 6. 5 cenichel eet oeeininrone 1 Wee are seat [Pe Perna ys 1 117 Northville sein seta sere ey nese oo 47 11 6 64 6,876 60 12 6 78 8,763 BB eS SEEN As eS a Inttle Falls & Dolgeville Route Wolzevaille Bes sae Cae a crse ccc aya | 3 | AS aN aie | BS SR ehe | 3 445 Rh. Wid 0. (U.-€ B. Route) Adder! @reels aiisicisiseioetas on aeek ore Lh cette eel anh beers ts 7 1,002 Boonville tesa crake cite A Oren Ail re cehs onthe | Seiey ea aPevel s 4 540 Bee a awe fe 1 : de arthage 3 A 3 area crteoge G@roghans.. ct vas 23 27 3,455 Glenfield..... xe 21 23 2,985 Lowville....... ay 8 8 1,203 Lyons Falls. ... ae 10 10 1,484 Port Leyden. . 4 5 645 PPOBPECE ss och os cavdieteyaes(oos 1 Sislelroneral 12 12 1,524 Remsen. oh eee oe eae 3 3 408 93 6 2 101 13,375 CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 243 Recapitulation, American Express Co. STATION Carcass | Saddle | Head Total | Weight Myre Gems seal te on *t it] 943] Ta'79 Bee Sent ea, a 10| '48| 5.785 par Sin ae eC aaa oe eae ied ee : a | vee tees RaW. & 0.0, & BB) ..00:.. 5. 93 6 3 101 |. 13,375 1,083 86 77 | 1,246 | 149,430 D. & H. R. R., Intra-State From Careases Saddles Head PID Ow OLS NC. Sis sels, eae eae an 5 PN GOMMAM BIS. Ne Ven co sa cuccnea et hike ie ees 1 1 1 eur elmdians IN Yo Sok oe eee orate che ss 3 1 3 CORUM IN NR ere Rape ein ee es eae ae es 1 wie Hani crorinGsAytNes a Vequx stays stots cians mean eee os 1 2 Glenswtalla IN. Ve Sis chido soc aes 1 PLO Veron sions esata: civ eee hehe late acs 2 6 pladsonse alls ING OV. se coc ears hee erone 3 ipese valor ON PN ie, obras Wieser cite nr 08 ee yt Walco een oN OY, ie se, one ee if 3 thacn stakes Nes Verge ieins Ce eee acs NS + 1 iyonsMountam: Novel bse oe idee 1 2 ake; Geourey Ne Y fice eens stats ws ease il Ae SNE eases Noha nia eaters At ae -ctaice fe a3 1 Worthy GredkcNu Ve Ui gina g terns eos be 104 6 + AOU tL ON 7 Ng Yccy cover wos wit tie oe) iene 6 8 14 orien NY 25. nen Tae Waa e ad 1 5 Plattsburgh, N. Y..... agate seiacstare eis aieis xe Rats 6 4 PoE MORN OCT Ae INS Vo croc os aes ae cece he ete we 2 2 FURS a ae dING MOS ote sotatc nati gud eo akioie a Secsire 1 Feaiy LOO ava spate am iacS let e sede soa oe 2 oleae sens MEverside. No Vn ce amav wean et 6 oe ides 3 6 3 Saratoga Springs, N. Y..... Ray Sanaa 3 1 Standish, para hcre aut Soret se rere 5 ae 1 Stony @resk Ne VY oc oee acti s. Seer 31 1 2 * Big Indian, Mt. Pleasant and Phoenecia shipments originated on Ulster & Delaware R. R. 944 FourtH ANnnuAL REporT OF THE D. & H. R. R., Intra-State — Continued From Carcases Ssddles Heads DiconderogacN. Vs eels e etek at, a My ere 3 Me Glenn ING We esr csaccne eee paahae oo aiken ode 1 Phurman UNGAVeranssea Ose roe eae ee 1 ae iestportaiNce Mi ot fat. worsens eae 5 2 TOTAL SHIPMENTS OF DEER BY EXPRESS, 1914 American Express Co........ 1,083 86 Le National Express Co......... 183 23 66 1,266 109 143 List oF Derr SuipmMents — WeEIcuHT 200 Pounps anp OvER American Express Company Weight 3° . . Shipping station Consignee Destination Tae Beaver River... .:s4--. (Ge Be rade ieee Buffalo. PAD Dy coeisere Childwold............ N. LaValley.......... Tupper Lake Jet. PAU UB eres eke @hildwold@emeaevenens EMP SIN OLEISs 0 eee Utica. 200 Sis ace Childwold............ H. Evans............. North Lawrence. DOO ree icoonwivakesse eee he Gardnerse |e nen He binghamton: 2D OME IMiplone te iedeioene ee eee Ve uu V Bani essere te On Kkers: AA eee een MeWKeevert. concen en te Gr beabOGyeneei ae Albany. 200 Reece Piercefield somos eae AW AIbC intent ates Binghamton. AUD). Gia be Piercetield== sees: seen Newmans: seene Ballina. DOD ee Saranacinns | 422.0. 5.0 Ds Ue Dunnias» s.e 5 2 3News York. PANO Eee Saranac Lake......... E. W. Cook........... Rockville Center. PPASY Cre heen Tupper Lake Jet...... John Muller.......... Buffalo. Po Wee Bais Tupper Lake Jct...... H. 8S. Ross............ Boston, Mass. 200s White Lake Corners... J. Wagner............ Utica. 20023... Dewees WeRO PO ONEE CeO A Adel ens ied ts hea Aen ae at St. Regis Falls. ZOU ER ee Kildare. eee ee) Cormish. nen New.Vork 740,08 ces oats Kildare. <@ hs esos sad Donovan... one Rochester. D200 earns Meno. 22 aac cose wa os spell. 3. '(0.5,05 2.252 oDickinson ©enter 200K sas Meno: ie issik ire acme erste eCheneyn. statutes Dickinson Center. ZOO ea Menoe. 2c cisseeacienio) WE. Keene)... 2052 8)Watertown: 20022555. Meno... feos wat oop be ke Pullerton.:2).. 4-4 (Ste Resissialls: 200 inser Meno.) 2... te. s ose Oo emink.) 02022 2 St. ems Balls, CoNSERVATION COMMISSION Lust or Deer SuHipmMEents — Continued. Weight Shipping Station eee Destination 21GU oer IMoiraeeeeroce tec ole eatchy .... Rouses Point. DOS angie 6. Moira................ Neil G. Miller.. . Woburn, Mass. 210m: Santa Clara........... G. Kyson.. . Machias. DO 2 Rie Santa Clara........... L. Lowell... . Machias. ZIG eet. Santa Clara. sneer. snr CMR eth era triste sitet Brooklyn. PA eaten tae Santa Claraes. 1.0 sees Gepbratzene ssn. son) buitalo. 7A eS Santa, Clara.cn pasa cece Gs EDM 5. crass oniths ey eambure, N.Y. 77a ae ese Santar Clara. cea - aA SteaLOsy acl eyes Hamburg, N. Y. DOS ine bays Spring Cove.......... W.Schmith........... White Plains. Dar weiss es Benson Mines......... A.S. Herrick......... Syracuse. PA) Deseret Benson Mines......... J. M. Lyons .. Albion. DAN ser cthe Benson Mines......... B. Stewart ... Hamilton. Z0GR Re Benson Mines......... T. O. Glenn .. Bradford, Pa. DOG sti. % Benson Mines......... U. R. Owens .. Watertown. 204 Gi Newton Falls......... R. H. Hogan ~ Antwerp. 204 ees INewtontHallsiaieeanayat (O7 MOddnts a; seatnciea.: Potsdam. Oeste: Newton Falls......... G. A. Gottett.. . Syracuse. PA Pole Reerte Newton Falls......... D. E. Lillis.. . Syracuse. PAN DR Newton Falls......... Wm. Day. . Watertown. DSi esr NewtonvHallst) 5.5 GMs Waldon. atc ac5= Watertown. 204) Sea Oswegatchie.......... J. H. Himis ... Harrisville. Dane enae: Oswegatchie.......... A. Ellis.. Geen eA GaImns: Pt eG Ges Oswegatchie.......... F. H. Parker.......... Pennellsville. 200 28 Oswegatchie.......... C. Edminster......... Cato. 200587350 ilermon per epasye cei WE Ay Carpenters ss. sae Chittenango. 740, eeeete Gloversville) ts5, 1. «AL Je Sloami.e.n sos. e se Honda: 20D eckreric Gloversvilleeeei acs ce eet untes ere ies. Palatine Bridge. 200 Soo! DWoleevillentee ese gare Carlislesee a sO yracuse: PAL UE tiseniats Wlentiel dpe serie erie Vien) OSL Yn aes telefon Uy ONSs 7s ae Ibyons Hallsenncien snc Ll pela ompkins’s ce Utica. 720 Die eee Port WeyGentkr verre « S; Downetes. cc) eb uitalos A)\Oeeeomer: Port Leyden.......... TiS Stonens pie es = Bouckville. National xpress Company FROM Date Weight Consignee Destination Dannemora, NoYes 5.6. Nov. 14 215 | W.-P: Powers... 2; Troy, N. Y Worthy reeks Ne Yates eels -s Nov. 6 208 | Earl Duca........ Schenectady, IN WorthCreeks oN wwe satatie Nov. 6 213 | George Duca...... Schenectady, N. Y. INorthi@reek: NinYou ose Oct. 19 203 | Geo. G. Starne,...| New York, N. Y. North*@reek Nexen wee Oct. 16 210 | Arthur H. Chris- I BTAgTS cTeareee ey Atmos S Brooklyn, N. Y. North) Creekj Nees nes. ee Oct. 6 200 | H. G. Corwin..... New York, N. Y. North Creek, N.Y <3 .2232: Nov. 5 235 | Guy Ellsworth. Binghamton, N. Y. Ria veBrooken Ni iouetyelesersiercers Oct. 6 200 | A. Adler.... .| New York, N. Y. StandishviNeevaeven ae aoa Nov. 14 240 | S.S. Cooledge. | Ravcatey Lyon Mountain, INE Xs Stony? Creek iN. Yee ee Nov. 14 219 | Edw. J. Neville. Ballston Springs, N. Y. HUNTING ACCIDENTS During the 1914 deer season there were only five deer hunting accidents, with three fatalities, according to the reports made to the Conservation Commission by the game protectors. There is 246 FourtH AnnuAL REPORT OF THE no evidence to show that a single one of the five victims was shot at in mistake for a deer. Out of the twenty-two hunting accidents reported to the Con- servation Commission up to the close of the deer season, seventeen occurred in the pursuit of small game, attended by five deaths. Although most of the casualties indicated gross carelessness on the part of the hunters, the sportsmen of the State are undoubtedly exercising more care than ever before in the handling of weapons. When it is remembered that there are over 200,000 licensed hunt- ers in the State, besides thousands who can legally hunt on their own farms without, licenses, the list of only a score of accidents is reducing casualties in pursuit of a hazardous sport to the minimum. The death of Donald Curran, a lumberjack of Old Forge, whose body was found October 23 in the woods about one mile from the outlet of Kiln Lake by Herbert Hillard, is included in the list of five deer hunting fatalities. The man had been dead about ten days. He had a gun and pack basket. The first reports on the case were to the effect that Curran had probably been struck by a stray bullet, but the coroner is investigating to ascertain if it might have been murder. Ellis Shimmel, aged 20, of Mohawk, while hunting deer on November 8, in the town of Colton, slipped and fell as he was crossing a rustic bridge, resulting in the accidental discharge of his own rifle. The bullet entered his body, causing death. Edward McIntosh, aged 30, of Carthage, hunting deer with his father, Henry McIntosh, and his brother, Easter McIntosh, near Harrisville, October 9, was hit in the breast by a buck shot and seriously wounded. The father claims he shot at a running buck with a shot gun and did not know his son was in range. Mark Carey, a guide of Sodom, was shot in the thigh while hunting in a party of seven in the vicinity of the Chatiemae Club. A deer was surrounded by the hunters. Carey and another hunter fired at the animal about the same time, his friend’s bullet’s strik- ing him instead of the game. Carey is recovering. John Lawless, of Gabriels, hunting deer on Osgood river, near Paul Smith’s, sat in boat with muzzle of gun pointing towards him. Im reaching for the gun it slipped and hit the rib of boat and contents of barrel was discharged into his abdomen, killing him. CoNSERVATION COMMISSION Py BF The accidents which occurred to small game hunters were as follows: Judson Warner, of the town of Chenango, Broome county, while hunting woodchucks in company with J. Bruce Allen, in the town of Barker, August 27th, was mistaken for a woodchuck by his friend, fired at and fatally wounded. Warner died in the binghamton hospital August 29th, Mark Hill, of Berrington, duck hunting on South Lake, near Lyndhurst, was accidentally shot by his companion, named Van Coot, the wound resulting fatally. The men had stepped from their boat and were unloading their guns on shore when Van Coot’s weapon was accidentally discharged. Guy Meyers, of Model City, Niagara county, was accidentally - shot and killed by his companion on a bird hunting trip in Oc- tober. A charge of bird shot entered his hip at close range. Benjamin J. Hill, the 15-year-old son of Benjamin Hill, of Cohoes, was accidentally shot and killed by another lad named McGraw, with whom he was hunting along the Mohawk opposite Cohoes. Fern Dunsheen, the 8-year-old daughter of Clarence Dunsheen, of Sidney Center, Delaware county, while out berrying, was mis- taken for a woodchuck by a hunter, shot and fatally wounded. The child expired in the hospital at Oneonta. John McMullen, of Painted Post, hunting in the woods in the vicinity of that village October 1, was accidentally shot in the leg, back and wrist by his companion, Leo Craig, with a shot gun. Halsey Le Grange, of Prattsburg, was seriously injured hunt- ing with two companions, by the accidental discharge of his own shot gun, which occurred while he was climbing over a log. Bertram Casler, of Little Falls, was accidentally shot by his brother, John Casler, when they were hunting partridge near St. Johnsville. The shot entered the knee and body. Not fatal. John Sloane, of Red Mills, hunting ducks around Big Island, St. Lawrence river, was shot in the left foot by the accidental dis- charge of his own gun. The gun slipped on the boat seat. Walter Weaver and Merritt Babcock, of Petersburg, were acci- dentally shot near that place October 1. Weaver stumbled, drop- ping his shot gun, which was discharged, wounding Weaver in the shoulder and his companion in the knee. Mrs. Cady, of Ballston, was accidentally shot near Harrisburg 248 AnnuaL REpoRT OF THE CONSERVATION ComMMISSION by a man who was attempting to unload a gun. The shot struck the woman in both legs and also shot off the end of her fingers on the right hand. James Quigley, of Norfolk, hunting for partridge in the vicinity of Madrid, was accidentally shot in the face by his companion, Mark Goodnow, when the latter fired at a partridge. A. L. Burger, of Hornell, while hunting near Hartsville, climbed aver a fence, accidently discharging his shot gun, and lost a finger. Wilford Kleisler, son of Julian Kleisler, of Southampton, was accidentally shot by George Whitby. Young Kleisler was in a boat on Taylor’s creek with several other lads. They had a flobert rifie, which was accidentally discharged, the bullet entering the spine and thence through the stomach. The lad died after an operation in the Southampton hospital. John Thompson, of New York, was accidentally shot in both feet by Walter Young, of Chestertown, while on a hunting trip on Panther mountain. They were hunting partridge and had rested to clean their guns. Young’s repeating shot gun was acci- dentally discharged. Robert White, of Oneonta, hunting rabbits with a party, was accidentally shot by his brother, Marshall White, of Arena. He received a charge of number six shot at close range, but will recover. RETURN OF THE BEAVER TO THE ADIRONDACKS [249] RETURN OF THE BEAVER TO THE ADIRONDACKS The beaver has been restored to his favorite haunts, the Adiron- dacks, by means of restocking and effective protection, according to the reports of systematic observations of protectors and others received by the Conservation Commission. These investigations show that there are to-day between 1,500 and 2,000 beaver in the wilds, which the Iroquois Indians called ‘* Koh-sa-ra-ga,”’ ‘‘ The Beaver-Hunting-Country,” and whose ownership was challenged by the Canadian tribe, styled in derision by the Mohawks, the ‘“‘Adirondacks,” the ‘“‘ Tree Eaters.” : The Adirondacks to-day are again entitled to their old Iroquois name, for they are rapidly becoming the country of the Beaver, although this favorite fur bearing animal is no longer persecuted by the trapper and hunter. The Legislature of 1903 appropriated $500 to begin the re- stocking of the Adirondacks with beaver and in 1905 three pairs were liberated. One pair were given their liberty on a small stream entering the south branch of Moose river, where another beaver which had escaped from the Woodruff preserve had built adam. The other four were liberated on the northeast inlet of Big Moose Lake, but moved over into Beaver river, twenty miles to the northeast, to begin housekeeping. During 1905 Edward H. Litchfield liberated about a dozen beavers in his preserve near Big Tupper Lake, and several of these escaped into adjoining preserves. In 1905 there was reported to the Fish and Game Commission the existence of a “ small native colony of beavers, the last of the remnants of the original stock, inhabiting the waters northwest of upper Saranac Lake.” That year the Commission placed a “conservative estimate of the beaver in the Adirondacks ”’ “about forty.” at [251] 252 Fourta AnnuaL Report OF THE In 1906 the Legislature appropriated $1,000 for continuing the restocking of the Adirondacks with beaver and the following year seventeen were obtained from Yellowstone Park and dis- tributed. The Commission gave the beaver census that year at 100. In 1904, about the time the State of New York began its work of restoring the beaver to his native habitat, an authority on ‘American Animals” recorded in his book the sad fact that “the beaver is now nearly extinct in the United States.” Much general interest has been displayed in the work of restoration in this State and the Conservation Commission is happy to say that popular co-operation has made the task of protecting Castor cana- densis a comparatively easy one. LocaTIons oF BEAVER The reports received by the Conservation Commission show that beaver are multiplying rapidly and are taking possession of their ancient heritage in many different sections of the Adirondacks. Colton District. Protector Smith of Colton reports three colonies in his territory of the Raquette river country. Cranberry Lake District. Protector Hand of Cranberry Lake records 1 colony on Grasse river below the reservoir; 1 colony on Cranberry Lake Inlet; 1 colony on Bog river; and “ signs in the Town of Webb.” Croghan District. Protector Andre of Croghan reports 2 colonies at Sunday Lake; 1 at Stillwater, Beaver river; 1 at Francis Lake; 1 at upper end of Watertown Light and Power dam; 2 on west branch of Oswegatchie river. All “ good sized colonies with large houses.” Aiso a few beaver scattered in various places, without permanent habitat as yet. Forestport District. Protector Bellinger of Forestport reports 3 colonies on the Black river; 1 at Kayuta pond’; 1 three miles above Enos where they have built a dam; 1 on the Stillwater below North Lake; 1 colony on north branch of North Lake; 1 colony on second Stillwater above Honondaga Lake on West Canada Creek; several colonies on Indian river. Also reported by pro- tector Ball, 1 colony on Wintime pond; 1 on Little Black Creek ; 2 on Twin Lakes streams; 3 on Big Woodhull streams. ConsERVATION CoMMISSION 253 Fulton Chain District. Protector Ball of Old Forge enu- merates and locates no less than 79 colonies, with 76 dams, in- habited by 223 beaver. The beaver locations in Ball’s district are: Old Forge Pond, Big Spring Creek, First Lake and marshes. Second Lake, Third Lake, Fourth Lake, Fifth Lake, Sixth Lake, Seventh Lake, Eighth Lake, Cedar Creek, Black Mt. Creek, Eagle Creek, Limekiln Creek, Red river, Indian river (mostly bank beaver), Nick’s Lake, Dry Lake (not dry now, flooded by beaver), Moose river (bank beaver), Hellgate Creek, Indian Spring Creek, Inlet of Big Otter, North Branch above Fulton Chain, Rondax Lake, Snake Pond, Chub Pond, Constable Pond, Queer Lake, south and west branches Beaver river. J. Gilbert Hoffman, of Fulton Chain, finds that the beaver are increasing rapidly in various sections he has visited. He found a colony at Red Horse Chain and others reported by protectors. In that territory the intelligent animals have apparently lost most of their natural fear of man. A beaver dam on Eagle Creek which caused the flooding of the highway, was torn down under the direction of Protector Ball. The beaver reconstructed the dam over night. In another interesting case, the beaver insisted on invading Dr. Nicholl’s property on First Lake. Protector Ball placed a lighted lantern in a lodge of the intruders, but they re- fused to take the hint to move on, and industriously extended their lodge over and around the warning beacon. Then in order to circumvent the trespassing beaver, the men put up a wire fence so the beaver could not get into Nicholl’s yard where they were cutting poplars for food. Thereupon the wily animals vindicated the assertion of a scientist who said that “beaver aparently de- pend more upon reason and less upon instinct than do the majority of the forest folk.” They piled wood against the fence and easily climed over into the forbidden territory. Mr. Hoffman says the Brown’s Tract Lumber Company is glad to see the beaver restored to the Adirondacks. In his opinion they do no great damage except in rare cases where they become so tame as to invade summer camp groves. Glenfield District. Protector VerSnyder of Glenfield reports the beaver numerous in his section: 1 colony at Mud Hole Pond; 1 at Little Pine Lake; 1 on Pine Creek; 1 on Crawford’s Fish 954 Fourtn AnnuaL Report or THE Pond. Protector Quirk of Pulaski reports that he has not learned of any beaver in Oswego County. He has information of 1 colony on Crooked Creek, Lewis County, one mile from south end of Stoney Lake, and 1 colony east of the north end of Stoney Lake in Independence river. Gloversville District. Protector Masten reports that “ the beaver made several visits to Fulton County,” but founded no per- manent colonies. It is possrble that the few beaver in that sec- tion are “ bank dwellers,” as the animals, when disturbed by or not vet accustomed to civilization, do not build lodges. Keene District. Protector Seckington, Elizabethtown, reports in September a beaver colony at Hull’s Falls, town of Keene. On December 10 he reported discovering a new colony which has constructed a dam about 75 feet long, and flooding about 25 acres, on Gates Brook. The animals have built a lodge 15 feet in diameter accommodating 10 to 12 beaver. Lake Pleasant District. Protector Howland of Speculator, re- ports very numerous in his territory: On Miami river, two dams with at least 20 beaver at each, and a third dam building in Sep- tember on that river; 1 colony on Mill Brook; 2 large dams on Whitney Creek. To support the first dam, the beaver have built a dam half a mile below, backing up the water to it that distance. The first dam floods the stream one mile. One small colony on Mosey Fly stream. One large dam on outlet of Spencer Lake, with back water of two miles, inhabited by at least 200 beaver. Large colony and dam on north branch of Sacandaga river, with 30 to 40 inhabitants. Beaver in September were building a new dam on Samson Lake outlet and colony is established there. Long Lake District. Protector Butler of Long Lake reports at least 30 beaver in his section. He makes this observation of special interest to the trout anglers: “‘ The people living in this section think the beaver are doing fine and are glad to see them back. They tell me the beaver are a protection to our small streams containing trout, because the beaver builds dams and flood the marshes back of the dams. This makes it hard for the fishermen to fish all the pools and gives the trout a chance to grow.” CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 255 Newcomb District. Protector Bissell of Newcomb reports 2 large colonies in the town of North Hudson; 1 colony in the town at Minerva and 4 colonies in the town of Newcomb. Plattsburgh District. Protectors North and Kirby report from Plattsburgh that they found a “good sized colony” of beaver on Smith’s Kiln Brook, town of Saranac, Clinton county. The animals have built a dam 35 feet long, flooding an acre. Protector Riley of Plattsburg learned that the colony which had established itself near the mouth of the Ausable river last spring had moved up near Ausable Forks. Protector Kirby of Brainardsville makes report of a colony on Redford Brook. Raquette Lake District. Protector Lynn of Raquette Lake makes a detailed report of numerous colonies in his territory, showing over 250 beaver inhabitants. His record of locations is as follows: In Township 40, colonies on Bowlder Brook; 1 on Beaver Brook; 1 on Otter Brook; 2 on Brown’s Tract Inlet; 1 on Brandeth Lake stream; 1 on Marion river. In Township 41, 1 eolony on Cascade Lake stream; 1 on Shallow Lake stream; 1 on Cranberry Pond; 1 on Eagle Creek; 2 on Two Sisters Pond. In Township 39, 2 colonies on north branch of Shingle Shanty stream; 1 on East Pond. In Township 36, 1 colony on Big Salmon Lake; 1 on Carey Pond; 1 on Rack Pond stream; 1 on Flat Fish Pond; one on Bottle Pond stream. In Township 35, 1 colony on Loose Pond stream; 2 on North Bay Brook, Forked Lake; 1 on Upper Sargeant Pond. In Township 34, 2 colonies on Utawanta Lake; 1 on Loon Brook. In Township 6, 1 colony on Marion river; 2 on South Inlet; 1 on Bear Brook. In Township 5, 1 colony on Brown’s Tract Pond. In Township 3, 2 colonies on Hess Pond; 1 colony on Fifth Lake; 1 colony on Seventh Lake; 2 colonies on Red river. In Township 4, 2 colonies on Falls Pond; 2 colonies on Mitchell Pond; 1 on Summer Creek ; 2 on Indian river. St. Regis District. William Bump, a caretaker of the Brook- lyn Cooperage Company’s tract on the St. Regis river, reports the beaver becoming quite numerous around the Ten Mile. Henry House of the Five Mile Camp, St. Regis river, found several families of beaver on Alder Brook. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF MARINE FISHERIES ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SUPERVISOR OF MARINE FISHERIES Hon. James J. Fox, Deputy Commissioner : Srr.— I herewith transmit report of the Bureau of Marine Fisheries for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1914, as required by section 303, part 10, of the Conservation Law. During the past year a great deal has been accomplished by this bureau to promote the shellfish industry of the State and to insure the consumer a wholesome pure food product. It is the aim of this bureau to supervise all shellfish, from the water through all hands until it reaches the consumer, which up to this time has been impossible, owing to the fact that we have no appropriation from the Legislature to pay for the services of a bacteriologist, nor have we sufficient appropriation to provide a boat and outside force enough to carry on this work as it should be. It is very important that this great industry be protected as far as possible. We find that most oyster growers are desirous of complying with the sanitary rules laid down by the Commis- sion and are anxious to have certificates issued showing that their product is taken under sanitary conditions. I would recommend that this bureau issue sanitary certificates at as early a date as possible. This bureau should be provided with a boat, large enough to patrol the East river and Long Island Sound, to protect the State lands and make surveys on lands leased to oyster growers. Under existing conditions, this department is dependent upon people who make application for oyster leases to take our pro- tectors to the ground for inspection and then to take our sur- veyor to the ground for survey. Considerable caution has been exercised by this department to prevent the leasing of natural growth oyster grounds, and thus far this bureau has been very successful in that respect, having [259] 260 FourtH AnnuaL ReEport OF THE a thorough examination made by our protectors to see that the grounds do not contain natural growth. We have compiled with considerable care statistics that will show in a general way the size of the shellfish industry. These figures are not absolutely certain, but are the most available data that we could compile at this time from facts and figures at hand. This statement is attached hereto. In compiling the same, we are indebted to the efforts of the late Supervisor, the Hon. Edwin Bailey, whom this department had the misfortune of losing by death during the month of July of this year. Mr. Bailey at his death, although unexpected, left the affairs of this bureau in the same condition they would have been in had he had time to prepare the affairs before his death; which was the spirit he always displayed in both his private and public affairs, being a credit to himself and to the people whom he served. During the month of April of this year, a rule was inau- gurated by the Commission permitting the granting of leases for large acreage of heretofore uncultivated lands in Long Island Sound, at the rate of $0.50 per acre, that the oyster growers might experiment with these lands, but this has not been taken advantage of to any great extent up to this time. I have reason to believe, however, that it is a good rule if properly supervised and one that in the near future will be taken advantage of to a greater extent by the oyster growers. You will observe by comparison that the financial report of the bureau for the last fiscal year shows a material increase in receipts over the report of the previous year, the total receipts of this bureau being $33,400.18, being an increase of more than six thousand dollars. The report is sufficiently prepared in detail to require no further comment. The report of the Surveyor of the Bureau of Marine Fisheries is hereto attached. Such recommendations as he makes are con- curred in by me. Yours very respectfully, DAYTON HEDGES, December 29, 1914. Supervisor. ConsERVATION COMMISSION 261 STATISTICS RELATIVE TO THE OYSTER INDUSTRY Total number of acres held under lease and ATOMS” fe ee are a Cr cg CUE Mec tary ac Neres cultivated under lease). ..'.. 04... 2s. Aeres cultivated under franchise............ Total number of acres cultivated........ Number of steam vessels employed.......... Tonnage of steam vessels employed.......... Number of power vessels employed other than SUGEngdl 2 “Qa aie eye tires ue ties & che GepInOenG ah tec Ome Tonnage of power vessels employed.......... Value of steam vessels and appliances........ Value of power vessels and appliances........ Total value of vessels and appliances.... Value of shore property used in business...... Number, jot shands: employed. 252532). so. Total amount of wages paid in past year..... Bushels of seed oysters produced............ Bushels of seed oysters sold................ Bushels of seed oysters planted............. Bushels of market oysters sold.............. Buskelscotrclams's sol deihayd2 siatiniie ot dernhe-c2 (os Principal market — United States. 31,645.65 15,733.6 15,912.05 31,645.65 68 5,262 264 2,131 $418,250 00 390,200 00 $808,450 00 $375,200 00 1,776 723,233 00 1,635,640 851,410 5,046,500 5,556,350 190,550 SURVEYOR’S REPORT Hon. Dayron Hurpers, Supervisor Bureau Marine Fisheries, 295 Broadway, New York City: Dear Srr.— The following is the report of the surveys made in connection with the location of lands under water used for shell- fish cultivation during the fiscal year ending September 30, 1914. Appended hereto is a list of the lots surveyed showing a total area of 3769.6 acres. During the season a new set of triangulation stations near Smithtown Bay were located. ‘The inspection of signals on Long Island was continued, and the majority were found to be in good condition. As the old polyconic projection lease maps of the shell-fish grounds in Raritan Bay and Lower New York Bay are rapidly deteriorating, new maps were plotted and the transfer of the lots thereto begun. During the past year much work has been done by myself and assistant in collecting data and making reports relative to the sanitary condition of the shellfish grounds. Detailed lists have been prepared showing the location and acreage of all the shell- fish grounds in New York State waters, including those leased by various counties and towns. I beg to call attention to the recommendations made in my report of last year of the necessity of making a triangulation sur- vey of the shellfish grounds in the Hudson river. The use of a boat is necessary for this work, and is also essential for the com- pletion of the inspection of signals on Long Island and the re- establishment of those which have doubtless been destroyed. I also beg to recommend that the conservation law be amended so as to require the marking with flags of all corner buoys or stakes. Respectfully submitted, EDWARD H. SARGENT, Surveyor Bureau Marine Fisheries. December 14, 1914. [262] AnnvuaL REportT OF THE CONSERVATION ComMMmIssION 263 SHELLFISH GrouNDS SURVEYED BETWEEN SEPTEMBER 30, 1913, AND SEPTEMBER 30, 1914 LESSEE Lot No. Acreage Location Remarks Samuel Vi ws aAvlesecn cvcieic lesley chele po. 1,026 71.7 | Raritan bay. INPeV Oster: Coseeay os iecerereher gies 1,025 124.6 | Raritan bay. Neots Oyster Gor. Ssisc.ckie ow elec 1,027 81.2 | Raritan bay. Nev Oyster(Con so. ose aseinsk ee. 1,028 466.0 | Raritan bay. Nea Ya Ovster(©o nurs csec-actsislete es 1,029 30.4 | Raritan bay. INGRVeNOUBCORAOOR = Hacc eigsreceielenes 1,030 207.5 | Raritan bay. EVENT yi COW Cm ciclo cic witie elo ee metere © 1,031 1,163.7 | Raritan bay. Chase Schoppe st cceccceean = cleric 1,032 1.2 | Raritan bay. CHASE SCHODD ec ccrsscieieee hoe eee 1,033 1.1 | Raritan bay. JOHTIVE NN BONDMOE! too cs to. ote era vege arene 990A 50.0 | Raritan bay. Jon Meppennenss. cc esi cehn oieeie 989A 150.0 | Raritan bay. BOs St iiss ays oi corccestotnaass 989B 50.0 | Raritan bay. Geom MS tiller es seen asoees 990B 50.0 | Raritan bay. Wr e Porth Coys