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‘The United States
National Museum
1963 ANNUAL REPORT
The United States
National Museum
Annual Report for the Year Ended
June 30, 1963
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
Untrep Srates Natrona Museum,
Unver Direcrion OF THE SMITHSONIAN INstiruTION,
Washington, D.C., August 15, 1963.
Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith a report upon the present
condition of the United States National Museum and upon the work
accomplished in its various departments during the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1963.
Very respectfully,
Frank A. Tayror,
Director, U.S. National Museum.
Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
II
Contents
FE UMUDING Ste ee pei ieee. He eee eM ann mei RiA Pee co ah le A es 3
TU SXSEDINS TR Sweet te al ne ee ae Un en es ee lathe Care ave tan Sony iC a) Ms ue gl To (ale y ad 6
ACCESSIONS ... Sea te Maciel moe nc on AL io Semtig E 25
CARE OF Commnenons Sic cl ab 0d balay espe roy Midas ace Welt Lae yea we oh Wa Oe FIP eae 43
JERAVABSIMTIGLATNIOM ARID) IRIRIUAIROIT 5 5 6 oo 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 53
ATI CHEOMOlO Syms ewe hee PORES eC ciag ces soe Ce Ne uaa unc 53
TL EXON ees Fl RANG ed. tate 1 oui,» cranes RE ero Usted en pA aire cau tae 59
VEY EONS FS: ace Nis a aS i et lr IN ae SRR RM ne) LUA een Ceo) REIN 73
GCGeOlO oy eerie iat Means ae eter ieee BIO SUP gene TOE cae Puan accep hia ad
Oceamograp yer sey cra hs ecek i mete a oN Peo ay gues eae alr andia petcnten IA ids 86
SclenceranGwele chmolo gy raw mashes ulcer Ps wet eau rma laren ee isa 90
ATtSHam Ge Mam ACEULES: si, Gems ee ycdese Meee eT Age cee ute ae my le Wd is 94
Civil History. . . AO Ne SES eee te oe Hema ec rst trae enum Sasa lean Ge 96
Armed Forces SSO « le Sica iar eng ie nme ie! hy ore a Ort dry Meninee 102
PUBLICATIONS ... ea test Rall eae rset Fe DEN CM AL wa 105
DONORS TO THE NATONIE Connacmmane Sit HUNBEA?, cs NACA Gri h suc eh es 116
PAND PIRINID Teepe hoa vat ep ts lie cape aa eae oan eRe eth ecsee SHU ca one APR ya 203
III
June 30, 1963
United States National Museum
Director: Frank A. Taylor
Registrar: Helena M. Weiss
Conservator: Charles H. Olin
Museum or NATuRAL History
Director: T. Dale Stewart
Assistant Director: R. S. Cowan
Assistant Director for Oceanography: I. E. Wallen
Mabel A. Byrd, Administrative Officer
Department of Anthropology
ARCHEOLOGY : Clifford Evans, Jr., cura-
tor
Gus W. Van Beek, associate curator
ErHNoLoecy : Saul H. Riesenberg, cura-
tor
Gordon D. Gibson, associate curator
Bugene I. Knez, associate curator
Waldo R. Wedel, head curator
William H. Crocker, associate cura-
tor
PuysicAL ANTHROPOLOGY: J. Law-
rence Angel, curator
A. Joseph Andrews, exhibits spe-
cialist
Department of Zoology: Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., head curator
Fenner A. Chace, Jr., senior scientist ; Watson M. Perrygo, in charge of Taxidermy
MamMars: David H. Johnson, cura-
tor
Henry W. Setzer, associate curator
Charles O. Handley, Jr., associate
curator
31RDS: Philip S. Humphrey, curator
George E. Watson, assistant cura-
tor
ReEPriLeS AND AMPHIBIANS: Doris M.
Cochran, curator
Fisues: Leonard P. Schultz, curator
Ernest A. Lachner, associate cura-
tor
William R. Taylor, associate cura-
tor
Victor G. Springer, associate cura-
tor
Stanley H.
curator
Robert H. Gibbs, Jr., associate
curator
Insecrs: J. F. Gates Clarke, curator
Oscar L. Cartwright, associate cura-
tor
lv
Weitzman, associate
Ralph E. Crabill, Jr., associate cura-
tor
William D. Field, associate curator
Oliver S. Flint, Jr., associate cura-
tor
Donald R. Davis, associate curator
Donald W. Duckworth, associate
curator
Paul J. Spangler, associate curator
MARINE INVERTEBRATES: Donald F.
Squires, curator
Thomas E. Bowman, associate cura-
tor
Charles HE. Cutress, Jr., associate
curator
Marian H. Pettibone, associate ecura-
tor
Raymond B. Manning, associate
eurator
Montiusks: Harald A. Rehder, cura-
tor
Joseph P. E. Morrison, associate
curator
Joseph Rosewater, associate cura-
tor
Department of Botany: Jason R. Swallen, head curator
PHANEROGAMS: Lyman B. Smith, cu-
rator
Velva E. Rudd, associate curator
John J. Wurdack, associate curator
Stanwyn G. Shetler, assistant cu-
rator
FERNS: Conrad V. Morton, curator
GRASSES: Jason R. Swallen, acting
curator
Thomas R. Soderstrom, associate
curator
Department of Geology: G.
MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY: George
S. Switzer, curator
Edward P. Henderson, associate
eurator
Paul HE. Desautels, associate cura-
tor
Roy S. Clarke, Jr., chemist
INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY AND PA-
LEOBOTANY: Richard S. Board-
man, curator
Porter M. Kier, associate curator
Richard Cifelli, associate curator
CRYPTOGRAMS: Mason H. Hale, Jr., cu-
rator
Paul 8S. Conger, associate curator
Harold EH. Robinson, associate cu-
rator
Richard E. Norris, associate curator
Puant ANATOMY: William L. Stern,
curator
Richard H. Eyde, associate curator
Arthur Cooper, head curator
Erle G. Kauffman, associate cura-
tor
Francis M. Hueher, associate cura-
tor
Martin A. Buzas, associate curator
VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY: C. Lewis
Gazin, curator
David H. Dunkle, associate curator
Nicholas Hotton III, associate cu-
rator
Franklin I. Pearce, exhibits spe-
cialist
Oceanography Program: I. E. Wallen, Assistant Director for Oceanography
SMITHSONIAN OCEANOGRAPHIC SORTING CENTER
H. Adair Fehlmann, supervisory museum specialist
Museum oF History AND TECHNOLOGY
Director: Frank A. Taylor
Assistant Director: John C. Ewers
William E. Boyle, administrative officer Virginia Beets, administrative officer
Department of Science and Technology: Robert P. Multhauf, head curator
PHYSICAL SCIENCES: Robert P. Mult-
hauf, acting curator
Walter F. Cannon, associate curator
MECHANICAL AND Civil ENGINEERING :
Silvio A. Bedini, curator; in charge
of Section of Tools
Edwin A. Battison, associate cura-
tor, Sections of Light Machinery
and Horology
Robert M. Vogel, associate curator,
Sections of Heavy Machinery and
Civil Engineering
ELeEctTRIcITy: Bernard S. Finn, as-
sociate curator in charge
TRANSPORTATION : Howard I. Chapelle,
curator; in charge of Section of
Marine Transportation
Kenneth M. Perry, associate curator
John H. White, Jr., associate cura-
tor, Section of Land Transporta-
tion
MepiIcaL Sciences: Sami K. Hamar-
neh, curator; in charge of Sec-
tions of Medical and Dental
History and Pharmaceutical His-
tory and Health
Department of Arts and Manufactures: Philip W. Bishop, head curator
MANUFACTURES AND HEAvy INDUS-
TRIES: Philip W. Bishop, acting
eurator
AGRICULTURE AND FOREST PRODUCTS:
Edward C. Kendall, associate
curator in charge
TexTILES : Mrs. Grace Rogers Cooper,
curator
CERAMICS AND GLASS: Paul V. Gard-
ner, curator
J. Jefferson Miller II, assistant
curator
GRAPHIC ARTS: Jacob Kainen, curator
Fuller O. Griffith, associate curator
Eugene Ostroff, associate curator,
Section of Photography
Department of Civil History: Richard H. Howland, head curator
Peter C. Welsh, curator; Mrs. Doris Esch Borthwick, assistant curator ;
Ellen J. Finnegan, assistant curator
PouiricAL History: Wilcomb H.
Washburn, curator
Mrs. Margaret Brown Klapthor,
associate curator
Mrs. Anne W. Murray, assistant
curator
Herbert R. Collins, assistant curator
Keith E. Melder, assistant curator
CuLTURAL History: C. Malcolm Wat-
kins, curator
Rodris C. Roth, associate curator
Mrs. Cynthia Adams Hoover, assist-
ant curator
John N. Pearce, assistant curator
Anthony W. Hathaway, assistant
curator
PHILATELY AND POSTAL HISTORY:
Francis J. McCall, associate curator
in charge
Carl H. Scheele, assistant curator
NUMISMATICS: Vladimir Clain-Stefa-
nelli, curator
Mrs. Elvira Clain-Stefanelli, asso-
ciate curator
Barbara F. Bode, junior curator
Department of Armed Forces History: Mendel?L. Peterson, head curator
Minirary History: Edgar M. Howell,
curator
Craddock R. Goins, Jr., associate
curator
NAVAL History: Philip K. Lundeberg,
curator
Melvin H. Jackson, associate curator
Office of Exhibits: John E. Anglim, Chief
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY LABORA-
Tory: A. Gilbert Wright, assistant
chief
Julius Tretick, production super-
visor
vI
MUSEUM oF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: Benjamin W. Law-
less, chief
Bela S. Bory, production supervisor
Honorary Smithsonian Fellows, Associates, Collaborators,
Custodians of Collections, and Honorary Curators
Anthropology
John M. Campbell, Archeology
Neil M. Judd, Archeology
Herbert W. Krieger, Ethnology
Betty J. Meggers, Archeology
Frank M. Setzler, Anthropology
H. Morgan Smith, Archeology
Walter W. Taylor, Jr., Anthropology
William J. Tobin, Physical Anthro-
pology
Zoology
Oliver L. Austin, Birds
Willard W. Becklund, Helminthology
Doris H. Blake, Insects
J. Bruce Bredin, Biology
William L. Brown, Mammals
Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr., Insects
Ailsa M. Clark, Marine Invertebrates
Herbert G. Deignan, Birds
Carl J. Drake, Insects
Ix. C. Emerson, Insects
Herbert Friedmann, Birds
Frank M. Hull, Insects
Laurence Irving, Birds
William L. Jellison, Insects
Allen MeIntosh, Mollusks
J. Percy Moore, Marine Invertebrates
Carl KF. W. Muesebeck, Insects
Waldo L. Schmitt, Marine Inverte-
brates
Bejamin Schwartz, Helminthology
Robert E. Snodgrass, Insects*
Thomas H. Snyder, Isoptera
Henry K. Townes, Insects
Robert Traub, Mammals
Alexander Wetmore, Birds
Mrs. Mildred Stratton Wilson, Cope-
pod Crustacea
Botany
Chester R. Benjamin, Fungi
Agnes Chase, Grasses
HUsworth P. Killip, Phanerogams
Hmory C. Leonard, Phanerogams
Floyd A. McClure, Grasses
Kittie F. Parker, Phanerogams
John A. Stevenson, Fungi
William N. Watkins, Woods
Geology
C. Wythe Cooke, Invertebrate Pale-
ontology
J. Thomas Dutro, Invertebrate Pale-
ontology
Remington Kellogg, Vertebrate Pale-
ontology
Axel A. Olsson, Invertebrate Pale-
ontology
Waldemar T. Schaller, Mineralogy
Wendell P. Woodring, Invertebrate
Paleontology
Science and Technology
Derek J. Price
Civil History
Mrs. Arthur M. Greenwood, Cultural
History
Elmer C. Herber, History
Ivor Noél Hume, Cultural History
Fred W. McKay, Numismatics
Emery May Norweb, Numismatics
R. Henry Norweb, Numismatics
Armed Forces History
William Rea Furlong
Frederic C. Lane
*Deceased, September 4, 1962.
Byron McCandless
VII
Retirement of Dr. A. Remington Kellogg
On October 31, 1962, Dr. A. Remington Kellogg, Assistant Secretary
of the Smithsonian Institution and Director of the United States Na-
tional Museum, retired and assumed the status of honorary research
associate of the Smithsonian. During Dr. Kellogg’s service as Direc-
tor from 1948, the National Museum experienced a remarkable growth.
The collections grew from 25 million specimens in 1948 to 56 million
in 1962. A renovation of exhibits programs revitalized more than
20 exhibition halls in the National Museum. A wing was added
to the natural history building and a new Museum of History ana
Technology was built. Dr. Kellogg directed the programs that pro-
duced these results and participated strongly in executing them.
Prior to becoming Director of the National Museum, Dr. Kelloge
had served in the division of mammals, beginning in 1928 as assistant
curator and becoming curator of the division in 1941. His mam
scientific interest has been and continues to be the biology and paleon-
tology of whales.
VIII
Annual Report of
the Director
United States National Museum
The first completed space in the Museum of History and Technology
was turned over to the curatorial staff on May 19, 1963.
Buildings
During the year, the Administrator and the Commissioner of the
Public Buildings Services, General Services Administration, have
given their attention very generously to the construction of the New
Museum of History and Technology, to renovation of the Museum of
Natural History and the addition of wings to that building, and to oth-
er Smithsonian construction projects. Many other officials at both the
central and the regional offices of the General Services Administration
have been most helpful with advice and counsel. Mr. John E. Cudd,
liaison architect, devoted his entire time to the Museum of History and
Technology during the year and his expert judgment has been most
appreciated. Mr. Thomas A. Reneau, construction management en-
gineer, has continued to provide advice and information on the prog-
ress of the work.
Museum of History and Technology
The construction of the Museum of History and Technology build-
ing was reported by the General Services Administration June 22,
1963 to be 98 percent complete. The Board of Regents at their meet-
ing of May 15, 1963, approved partial occupancy of the building for
the purpose of installing exhibits in spaces accepted from the Con-
tractor by the General Services Administration and offered to the
Smithsonian as complete. On May 19, 1963, Smithsonian personnel
were able to begin placing collections and exhibits in limited areas of
the building. ‘These spaces are being occupied according to the plan
based upon the contractor’s determination, made at the start of con-
struction, of the order in which parts of the building would be
completed.
Details of the progress of construction are contained in the report
of the Jomt Congressional Committee on Construction of a Building
for a Museum of History and Technology for the Smithsonian Insti-
tution (Senate Doc. No. 40, 88th Cong., 1st Sess., Oct. 22, 1963).
This report is here reprinted as an appendix (see p. 203).
4 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963
Museum of Natural History
During the year the new east wing of the natural history building
was completed and the department of geology and the divisions of
birds and mollusks moved into their new quarters. For the first time
in many years these units now have adequate workrooms and labora-
tories. The space provided for the systematic reference collections
will permit these materials to be arranged to serve efficiently the hun-
dreds of scientists who find them indispensable to their essential
researches.
The part of the renovation of the existing building that is included
in the construction of the east wing has provided air conditioning of
the reference storage areas and the exhibit halls. This air condition-
ing is necessary for the preservation of the collections. Visiting the
Museum is now much more pleasant for the hundreds of thousands of
summer visitors who, as a result, are induced to stay longer and absorb
more of the instruction and inspiration the exhibits provide.
At the close of the year, the contract for the construction of the
west wing and the remaining renovation of the old building had not
been awarded.
Funds Allotted
From the funds appropriated by the Congress to carry on the op-
erations of the Smithsonian Institution and its bureaus during the
fiscal year 1963, the sum of $4,846,000 was obligated by the United
States National Museum for the preservation, increase and study
of the national collections of anthropological, zoological, botanical,
and geological materials, as well as materials illustrative of engi-
neering, technology, industry, graphic arts, and history. (This amount
includes sums expended for the program of exhibits modernization. )
East wing of Museum of Natural History was occupied starting August
16, 1962. Top: south front, from Madison Drive and the Mall. Middle:
east and north fronts, from corner of 9th Street and Constitution Avenue.
Bottom: south (Mall) front of Museum from the air, showing east wing,
with Department of Justice and Archives buildings in the background,
across Constitution Avenue.
Exhibits
Especially noteworthy accomplishments in the exhibits program
during the year were the reopening of three large halls of modernized
exhibits in the Museum of Natural History, and the beginning of in-
stallation of exhibits in the new Museum of History and Technology.
With the opening of the second hall of North American archeology,
the hall of marine life, and the hall of dinosaurs and fossil reptiles,
all but three of the galleries on the first floor of the Museum of Natural
History have been modernized, as have the majority of the halls in
the east half of the second floor. Following his appointment to the
directorship of the Museum of Natural History, Dr. T. Dale Stewart
assumed the chairmanship of the committee coordinating and super-
vising the modernization of exhibits in natural history. Assistant
director Richard S. Cowan has assumed responsibility for integrating
the efforts of the curators and exhibits office personnel participating in
the preparation of natural history exhibits. John H. Morrissey,
project review chief, architectural branch of the Public Buildings
Service, General Services Administration, and Pasquelle Battestelli,
Julius J. Dickinson, and Joseph S. Cromwell, Jr., design architects
of that agency, contributed substantially to the design of the renovated
exhibition halls.
Exhibits chief John E. Anglim continued in charge of the plan-
ning and preparation of all exhibits and directly supervised the opera-
tion of the exhibits laboratory in the Natural History building. In
June 1963 Gilbert Wright joined the staff of that laboratory to assist
in its supervision. Julius Tretick supervised the production and in-
stallation of natural history exhibits.
In late May and June 1963 the installation of exhibits in four halls
of the new Museum of History and Technology was initiated. Ex-
hibits units were prepared for 15 of the halls in the new museum dur-
ing the year. ‘Two other halls were in the exhibits design stage of
their development. Assistant director John C. Ewers continued to
coordinate the work of the curators and the exhibits staff in the ex-
hibits program for the Museum of History and Technology, and
Benjamin W. Lawless continued to supervise the design and produc-
tion of exhibits for this museum as well as the preparation of addi-
tional displays for the Air and Space building. He was assisted by
Bela S. Bory in production, Robert Klinger in the model shop, and
Robert Widder in design. Carroll Lusk entered on duty as exhibits
lighting specialist in January. ‘The editing of the curators’ drafts of
exhibits scripts was continued by George Weiner, with the assistance
of Constance Minkin and Edna Wright.
6
EXHIBITS a
Anthropology
Modernization of exhibits continued to absorb a major share of the
efforts of curators in all divisions throughout the year.
On November 16, 1962, the second hall of North American arche-
ology was reopened to the public, presenting 38 modernized displays.
An introductory section of six units explains the objectives and dating
methods of systematic archeology. Four exhibits show characteristic
weapon points and other artifacts of the Folsom, Agate Basin, and
other big game hunters of 7,000 to 10,000 years ago. ‘The remainder
of the hall presents regional displays of the cultures of Southeastern,
Middle Atlantic, and Northeastern United States, and those of the
Great Plains. Within each region, cultural variations through time
:
4
i
i
i
Entrance to second renovated hall of North American archeology in
the Museum of Natural History, opened to the public in November 1962.
are revealed in representative artifacts and art work. Among these
exhibits are outstanding prehistoric textiles, engraved conch shells,
and other objects from Spiro Mound, Okla.; embossed copper
plates, monolithic axes, effigy pottery, and sculpture from the South-
east; prehistoric wood carvings from Florida; and ancient copper
objects from the upper Great Lakes. Some maps and charts, and a
reconstructed burial complex from Spiro Mound remain to be installed.
Curator Waldo R. Wedel prepared the scripts and selected the speci-
mens for this hall, with the expert assistance of Dr. C. G. Holland for
the Virginia-Maryland section and Dr. W. A. Ritchie for the North-
eastern United States section. Ray Hays and Mrs. Barbara Craig
were responsible for the design of the exhibits.
8 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1968
Contract construction was completed for the fourth and last
of the ethnological halls in the modernization program. Adjoining
the recently opened hall of Pacific and Southeast Asian peoples, it will
be devoted to exhibits on Africa, the Near East, and eastern Asia.
Associate curator Gordon D. Gibson prepared 12 exhibit scripts and
obtained materials for several more units in the African section of this
INDIANS OF THE POTOMAC VALLEY
North American archeology: Indians of the Potomac Valley lived in
stockaded villages when John Smith visited Patawomeke in 1608.
hall. Associate curator Eugene I. Knez completed six scripts for
exhibits on contemporary life for the Asian section.
During his field trip early in 1963 curator Saul Riesenberg obtained
for the hall of Pacific and Asian peoples photographs and other data
needed to complete a diorama on Pan Kedira, a megalithic structure
on an artificial islet near Ponape. Associate curator William H.
Crocker has collaborated with Mrs. Sophy Burnham of the Smith-
sonian Museum Service in preparing three new Audioguide tapes for
the alcoves of South American ethnology.
Associate curator Gus Van Beek and exhibits designer R. O. Hower
completed plans for the layout of the new hall of Old World arche-
ology. This will present in 59 exhibits a synopsis of Old World cul-
tural history from earliest times to the end of the Roman era.
Renovation of some of the more important casts of Near Eastern
monuments was begun, including experiments to determine the feasi-
bility of reproducing the casts in more durable and lighter plastics.
EXHIBITS 9
While he was still head curator of the department, Dr. 'T. D. Stew-
art, with the assistance of exhibits designer Joseph Shannon, com-
pleted the plan for the new hall of physical anthropology. During the
year Dr. Stewart prepared detailed scripts for 14 exhibits, and Dr.
Angel completed the specifications for a large map of peoples of the
world. Contract renovation of the hall was begun March 30.
Zoology
The curators of all divisions (with the exception of insects) were
engaged in the planning and development of modernized exhibition
halls during the year.
The hall of lfe in the sea was officially opened to the public on
February 18, 1963. Secretary Carmichael presented Dr. Remington
Kellogg, recently retired assistant secretary of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution, who spoke about the dominant figure in the hall—a life-sized
model of a blue whale prepared under his direction. A motion pic-
ture documenting the construction of this impressive exhibit also was
shown at the opening ceremonies. Among the mammals displayed in
the initial installation in this hall (which includes both permanent
and temporary displays) are a sea otter and models of six different
kinds of porpoises. A mural presents the silhouettes of five other
species of whale on the wall below the blue whale. Fishes exhibited in-
clude the white mako, and big-eyed thresher shark, Pacific sailfish,
and bluefin tuna. o o 5 «6 0 0 0 6 6 0 6 6 6 6 Atl), AER S8X8
MGMT aS iy yo omeretne., Eu os Sethian es eee, oe a 302, 649
IBITdS ane PRO ETT eet En te Ron Comes 504, 983
Reptiles and Aenanibinne Sean MERA PRS (cae SURE gr 155, 338
JUSTE) 9 hgh AS UN an ea eih sO SUE ees Rt RUMOR a0 Sm me el ea AL 5
IMSects ses aS eeu ares nny A Pel cee ed en a CLO ernie
Marine Invertebr ates rider Metis Cel age NO Sumer) Nts on eyplbee emma Peed ea BVO Yo
IMOMMIS KSI AMisy ack fe. cents’, nnhahaanee bs Rs) Oo. Wh oe NOMIGD ER SOD,
MEVe LMG Gene aoe sere eb see hdd | oi ee 4A gi 50, 833
DEAR MEN TRORR DORAN ene ner a) Sh eee ere woe a eae Annee S(O 56G20
PHAWeLOSAMISIs ty a) ete se aan te) Dan ie be 0 FM 948520
JENGTEINS) ie Ree ig oy eee cece ie eaten Neem es ee a 237, 193
ChEASSCSREEIME MUGaR IE re ane Sal Se Shh Ee 2. Ua wl. 391, 529
Cry LOANS ys Micelles a anatase SATB ts ad bey eee 465, 130
PlanGPAMabOmnyanee on ums st Ie ote ire Tak nt Ae 38, 648
DEP AR EME NEE OR Mm GHOROGYa te imetn li le mi es Sal ee he Sut OuSOo
Mineralogy and Petrology sp 405, 295
Invertebrate Paleontology ana Palesborane . . 12, 658, 660
Wertebrate Paleontology - 2°. 2. ... 5. ... 45, 937
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ....... =... 73, 472
Physical Sciences 3, 832
Mechanical and Civil myeineerins 10, 375
Electricity . Hao
Transportation 25, 263
Medical Sciences 28, 465
26 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963
DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND MANUFACTURES .......... 145, 573
Mextilesiey ye PM TaN Erte | Tl Freeh Uae aN waa es bee oe Up 34, 366
Ceramics and Ginee Sedat Pegi top ete eh seMty at fon tn 16, 384
Graphic Arts .. . Sesh hae 50, 141
Manufactures and Hea ey, industtics seine ee bay 34, 471
Agriculture and Forest Products . .... . 10, 211
DEPARTMENT OF Civit HISTORY) 3) 3 6) yee eee a er ee COS acO2
Political REMStOnyos te ese ence oa fees ote cena 46, 618
Cultural History. . . . ST ee eR Lae 20, 996
Philately and Postal Tetisteorey Th les oe tebieti ae nee MOR DOO MAG
INUMESMATICSIA S05 Sa oh se teee Sle ea eS 140, 371
DEPARTMENT OF ARMED ForcES HISTORY . .......... 49, 664
Military weistory ss i Awa iets oe ho eaten cen ne 40, O75
MNase EDT SHOT yet eet eee nn wound ned atu ae. Deed ate Neat olka cei 9, 589
ToTAT MUSEUM COLLECEIONS 59% 5 5 5 2 © 5 4 « © 9 4 olpo tien
Anthropology
Most of the material accessioned in the division of archeology is
in a collection of 8,431 specimens from Alaska, gathered for the mu-
seum by Dr. J. A. Ford, and comprising the subject of his recently
published monograph, “Eskimo prehistory in the vicinity of Poimt
Barrow.” Three important collections of Iranian materials, rang-
ing in time from about 2000 B.C. to the 3d century A.D. and in-
cluding several pieces that will be used in new exhibits, were pre-
sented by Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Cuomo, Mr. and Mrs, Daniel F.
Magner, and C. Edward Wells. James Pi Mandaville, Jr., donated
North Arabian pottery and terra cotta figurine fragments, and an
inscribed copper hoe blade, from the beginning of the Christian Era
to the early Islamic period. Coming from one of the least known
areas in the Middle East, these items constitute a very useful addition
to the study collections. A rare anthropomorphic pottery figure from
the Bahia culture of the Esmeraldas region, Ecuador, was obtained
from Mrs. Erika Burt. The North American study collections were
expanded by acquisition of survey materials from Virginia sites pre-
sented by Dr. C. G. Holland and by Maryland materials from R. E.
Stearns.
The largest single accession of the year is a collection of 50,000
somatotype photographic negatives received by the division of physi-
cal anthropology from the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environ-
mental Medicine. Made during the U.S. Army survey of male body
build in 1945-46 under direction of E. A. Hooton, they form the basis
for the Harvard system of rating body build. The collection, largest
of its kind, will be available for study only by qualified professionals.
ACCESSIONS il
Useful for study and exhibit purposes are a new set of casts of the
original Neanderthal skeleton, gift of the Rheimisches Landesmuseum,
Bonn, Germany, and excellent casts of Oreopithecus from central
Italy, received from the Natural History Museum in Basel, Switzer-
land. Other accessions include human skeletal materials from Mex-
ico, Alaska, and various parts of the United States.
In the division of ethnology, under the exhibits modernization
program, 365 Chinese specimens were obtained from Taiwan with
assistance of the National Historical Museum and the Provincial Mu-
seum and under direction of the Ministry of Education and the Aca-
demia Sinica. This includes material to represent six cultural themes
in exhibits now in the detailed planning stage. The government of
Viet Nam, through its embassy, donated 67 specimens of textiles,
bronze vessels, and wooden chests. Traditional court costume from
Indonesia is represented by 25 items presented by His Highness, Sri
Paku Alam VIII, through the American embassy in Djakarta. A
collection of 103 ornaments, household items, and weapons of the
Burundi people was obtained from David W. Doyle, American vice-
consul at Usumbura, Burundi, especially for use in future exhibits.
Already on display is a large wooden tamborin house figure from New
Guinea, obtained from John H. Brandt. Herbert G. Deignan, former
curator of ornithology, presented 43 weapons and other objects from
North Borneo and North Thailand.
Zoology
Principally as the result of intensive field activity by staff members
and cooperating agencies, approximately 9,200 specimens have been
added to the mammal collections. The larger collections were made
in Panama by Dr. Charles O. Handley, Jr., and Francis M. Green-
well; in Formosa, by U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2; in
Turkey, by Dale Osborn; in Libya and Iran, by Gary L. Ranck;
in West Pakistan and Mexico, by the Department of Microbiology
of the University of Maryland School of Medicine; and in the Mala-
gasy Republic, by Kenneth I. Lange and James H. Shaw. Dr. Henry
W. Setzer of the museum staff participated in the latter three projects.
Other valuable collections were made in Ruanda-Urundi by Alena
Hlbl of the University of Maryland, in Nicaragua by Dr. L. G. Clark
of the University of Pennsylvania, and in southern Mexico by William
J. Schaldach, Jr. Individual specimens of outstanding importance
are a large male walrus collected for the exhibition series by Hugh
H. Logan, and two paratypes of the bat Philippinopterus lanei,
presented by Dr. Edward H. Taylor.
28 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963
A total of 2,259 bird skins and 1,011 anatomical specimens were
received in the division of birds. Outstanding collections include
608 skins, 21 skeletons, and 1 egg from Panama, and 198 skeletons
from Kenya, received through Dr. Alexander Wetmore; 642 skins,
128 skeletons, and 9 aleohohe specimens from the U.S. Fish and Wild-
life Service; 198 skins from Formosa by transfer from U.S. Naval
Medical Research Unit No. 2, through Dr. Robert EK. Kuntz; and
a collection of wooden gamebird calls, together with tape recordings
demonstrating their use, from Dr. Augusto Ruschi, director Museu de
Biologia-“Prof. Mello Leitao,” Brazil.
Noteworthy additions to the collection of the division of reptiles
and amphibians comprise a gift of 325 Colombian frogs, including
types and paratypes, from Brother Nicéforo Maria, Bogota, Colom-
bia; a gift of 162 reptiles and amphibians collected in Mexico and
Central America from Elkan J. Morris, Fairbanks, Alaska; 71
reptiles and amphibians collected for the Museum in Panama by
Charles O. Handley, Jr., and Francis M. Greenwell; 70 amphibians
collected for the Museum from South America and Panama by
Mrs. Doris H. Blake and Dr. Doris M. Cochran; an exchange of
27 Colombian frogs with the Chicago Natural History Museum;
and an exchange of 21 Brazilian frogs with Werner C. A. Boker-
mann, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Among the 838 specimens received on exchange by the division of
fishes from Dr. Wolfgang Klausewitz, Frankfurt, Germany, was the
holotype of a new Dascyllus. In addition holotypes have been re-
ceived from Drs. Giles W. Mead and Henry B. Bigelow, Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; Dr. George S. Myers,
Stanford University; and Loren P. Woods, Chicago Natural History
Museum. Paratypes have been received from Dr. C. Richard Robins,
University of Miami, Marine Laboratory; Dr. George S. Myers;
Dr. Norman J. Wilimovsky, University of British Columbia; Dr.
Robert R. Miller, University of Michigan; Dr. Edward C. Raney,
Cornell University; Dr. Jacques R. Géry, Laboratoire Arago, France;
and Dr. José Alvarez del Villar, Instituto Politéchnico Nacional,
México. Nine filing cases of valuable illustrations of fishes, published
in past volumes of their publications, were transferred from the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service. Other important accessions include 2,625
fishes from Dr. Daniel M. Cohen, Harvey R. Bullis, Jr., and Dr. A. R.
Longhurst. Under separate accessions, 503 fishes have been received
from Frederick H. Berry, Dr. Frank J. Hester, Susumu Kato, Herbert
C. Perkins, Dr. Donald W. Strasburg, and Paul J. Strusaker. Martin
Moe, Florida State Board of Conservation, donated 2,905 fishes from
Florida, and Horace Loftin and Dr. Ralph W. Yerger sent, on ex-
ACCESSIONS 29
ea
Sa a
Research associate Alexander Wetmore and associate curator George
Watson examine part of collection of South American game-bird calls,
gift of Dr. Augusto Ruschi of Brazil.
change, 10,000 freshwater fishes from the Panama Canal Zone,
collected by Mr. Loftin.
The division of insects received a total of 1,209,339 specimens in
327 separate transactions. The largest single accession ever received
by the division is a collection of Coccidae (scale insects), conserva-
tively estimated to contain 1,000,000 specimens, transferred from the
U.S. Department of Agriculture through Dr. William H. Anderson.
Additional important collections include the Harold E. Box collection
of Neotropical cane-boring moths of the genus Diatraea comprising
some 5,000 specimens; a donation of 8,000 North American butterflies
and moths by Dr. George W. Rawson; the acquisition of the J. C.
Hopfinger collection of butterflies and moths; 6,741 specimens, mostly
Coleoptera, from William W. Pinch; 805 Brazilian insects from Dr.
C. M. Biezanko; 6,543 British Columbian insects from C. B. D. Gar-
rett; 6,612 specimens from N. L. H. Krauss, who has been a devoted
contributor for many years; 2,000 specimens from Guatemala from
Thomas H. Farr; 2,600 specimens, mostly leafhoppers collected in
30 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963
India, from Dr. Paul W. Oman, Entomology Research Division, Agri-
culture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; and 3,292
additional specimens from the large collection made in Liberia by
Dr. C. C. Blickenstaff.
Additions made by the staff include 1,454 Neotropical insects from
Mrs. Doris M. Blake; 1,500 specimens from Mrs. Mary M. Quigley;
285 specimens, chiefly Orthoptera, from Dr. Ashley B. Gurney, U.S.
Department of Agriculture; 900 specimens, mostly European centi-
pedes, from Dr. Ralph E. Crabill, Jr.; 41,110 specimens collected in
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and North America from Dr. Paul J.
Spangler; 400 specimens of butterflies from the eastern United States
from William D. Field; 1,192 miscellaneous insects, chiefly caddis
flies, from Dr. Oliver S. Flint, Jr.; 7,826 specimens, mostly Micro-
lepidoptera, from the northwestern United States from Dr. J. F. Gates
Clarke; 1,000 specimens collected in Libya from Gary L. Ranck of the
division of mammals; and 369 specimens, including 11 holotypes, of
wasps and bees from Dr. Karl V. Krombein, U.S. Department of
Agriculture. By transfer from the Insect Identification and Parasite
Introduction Research Branch, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
62,617 specimens were accessioned. Others making important dona-
tions to the collections are Bernard Feinstein, formerly of the Mu-
seum staff, who donated a series of buffalo lice from Viet Nam; and
Drs. Nell B. Causey, George E. Ball, W. L. Brown, and Richard L.
Hoffman, all of whom made valuable additions to the collections of
myriapods.
Among a record number of collections formally accessioned for
the division of marine invertebrates were several of unusual impor-
tance. Leshe Hubricht of Meridian, Miss., donated his personal col-
lection of 32,527 freshwater invertebrates, containing what is probably
the largest and most valuable series of American freshwater isopod
crustaceans ever brought together. Final processing of material re-
ceived from the Fourth Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean Expedition in
1960 revealed a total of 33,177 marine invertebrates from Yucatan and
the Cayman Islands. From the Paleontology and Stratigraphy
Branch, U.S. Geological Survey, through Dr. Harry S. Ladd, came
1,079 corals from the Marshall Islands, including 217 type and figured
specimens described by Dr. J. W. Wells in his comprehensive mono-
graph on Indo-Pacific reef corals. Three transactions covering ma-
terial collected by the exploratory fishery investigations of the Pas-
cagoula Fishery Station of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, added 3,384 important marine inverte-
brates to the national collections. An accession containing 852 cope-
pod and isopod crustaceans, including 7 holotypes, and 7 allotypes,
ACCESSIONS 251
and 594 paratypes of 15 species of copepods, was received from Bos-
ton University, through Dr. Arthur G. Humes. From the Beaudette
Foundation for Biological Research, through Dr. J. Laurens Bar-
nard, were received 974 isopod and 322 amphipod crustaceans, in-
cluding holotypes, allotypes, and 198 paratypes of 4 species of isopods
described by Dr. Robert J. Menzies.
Accessioned for the division of mollusks were 3,160 lots comprising
23,967 specimens. Among them were 3,895 specimens from North
Borneo, purchased through the Chamberlain Fund. A collection of
198 lots, 1,194 specimens, of marine and land mollusks was made for
the museum on Eniwetok Atoll by Dr. Joseph Rosewater. Mr. and
Mrs. Delmas H. Nucker donated 145 lots containing 699 specimens of
marine mollusks from the Caroline Islands, and Dr. Tadashige Habe
added 120 specimens, of which 28 are paratypes, of recently described
mollusks from Japan. Holotypes of molluscan species and subspecies
were received from Dr. Raul Guitart, Dr. Harry W. Wells, Leslie Hub-
richt, Thomas L. McGinty, and William G. Pearcy and from the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service Laboratory, Pascagoula, Miss., through
Harvey R. Bullis, Jr. A total of 1,257 helminthological specimens,
among which were many types of new species, were added to the col-
lection housed in the Parasitological Laboratory of the Animal Dis-
ease and Parasite Research Branch, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Botany
A fine collection of 4,143 herbarium specimens and 480 wood sam-
ples was presented by Boris A. Krukoff, Smithtown, N.Y., adding
appreciably to the Museum’s representation from Brazil. Among them
was a group of woods from laticiferous plants on which anatomical
research was planned by Mr. Krukoff. Dr. José Cuatrecasas gave
3,200 specimens which he collected in Colombia. Other gifts included
620 excellent specimens of Pennsylvania plants from Muhlenberg
College, Allentown, Pa.; 850 cryptogams, mostly mosses, from Dr.
F. J. Hermann, Adelphi, Md.; and 504 specimens from the Univer-
sity of Alaska.
Several large collections were received in exchange. A group of
845 slides of pollen of African plants was received from Duke Uni-
versity through Mrs. Shirlee Cavaliere and 765 slides from the Pan
American Petroleum Corporation of Tulsa, Okla., through Dr. Donald
W. Engelhardt. The Gray Herbarium of Harvard University sent
1,037 specimens collected by Dr. L. J. Brass on the 4th Archbold Ex-
pedition to New Guinea. Other exchanges included 845 specimens of
Asia and eastern Europe from the V. L. Komaroy Institute of Botany,
32 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963
Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, U.S.S.R.; 888 specimens collected
in Mexico by Dr. Faustino Miranda from the Instituto de Biologia,
Universidad Nacional de México; and 382 plants of Australia from the
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization,
Melbourne.
Dr. John J. Wurdack collected 9,259 specimens in Peru; Drs. R. 8.
Cowan and Thomas R. Soderstrom collected 3,370 specimens in Brit-
ish Guiana; and Dr. William Stern collected 489 specimens in Ore-
gon, Wyoming, and Colorado.
From the Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, were
transferred 801 specimens collected on the Pacific Islands by Dr. F. R.
Fosberg; from the Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the In-
terior, 420 plants collected in Alaska by Frank Beals; and from the
Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, 235 speci-
mens collected in Iran and Mexico by Dr. Howard Scott Gentry.
Geology
A total of 3,885 specimens was received in the division of mineralogy
and petrology. Among the important gifts are very fine specimens
of legrandite, Mapimi, Mexico, from Bernard T. Rocca, Sr., and an
exceptional specimen of fairfieldite, King’s Mountain, N. C., from
Carter Hudgins. Outstanding among specimens received by exchange
was a collection of cerussite, azurite and associated minerals from
Tsumeb, South West Africa; a crystal of vivianite, 31 inches in length
from the Cameroons; and a fine piece of malachite, from the Congo.
New species received in exchange were: calumetite, Michigan; angel-
ellite, Argentina; arsenate-belovite, fersmite, gerasimovskite, kuplet-
skite, lomonossovite, and vinogradovite, from the U.S.S.R., bafertisite,
Inner Mongolia; bergenite, Kast Germany; bonattite, Canada; carob-
bite and cuprorivaite, Italy; hydroamesite, Hungary; reinerite,
stranskite and gallite, South West Africa; and schuetteite and wight-
manite, California. The matrix of a tourmaline crystal from Baja
California, Mexico, was received in exchange from Miss Josephine
Scripps after she had seen the photograph of the erystal in the Lapi-
dary Journal.
A total of 815 specimens were added to the Roebling collection by
purchase or by exchange. Among these are outstanding specimens of
wulfenite, calcite, and agate from Mexico. Gem specimens include
a 17-carat greenish yellow brazilanite, from Brazil; a 30-carat cat’s
eye cerussite, from South West Africa; and a 9.35-carat axinite from
Baja California, Mexico.
ACCESSIONS 33
Acquired by purchase from the Canfield fund is a magnificent group
of amethyst quartz crystals from Guerrero, Mexico. The largest crys-
tal measures 4 by 18 inches, and each is tipped by white quartz.
New acquisitions to the gem collection include a 2.86-carat deep
pink diamond, Tanganyika, from S. Sydney De Young; a 235.5-carat
morganite, Brazil, from Mr. and Mrs. Frank Ix, Jr., a 277.9-carat
citrine, Brazil, from Albert Cutter, and a 177-carat kunzite, Califor-
nia, from the American Gem Society. Gem specimens acquired by
purchase from the Chamberlain fund for the Isaac Lea collection in-
clude a 17.5-carat pink tourmaline cat’s eye, and a 4,500-carat faceted
smoky quartz egg, both from California; and a 9-carat axinite, from
Baja California, Mexico.
During the year 20 meteorites were added to the collection, of which
11 were not previously represented. The Bogou meteorite was of spe-
cial interest. The 8.8-kilogram coarse octahedrite, which came to the
Amethyst quartz crystals from Guerrero, Mexico. The largest measures
4 by 18 inches.
34 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963
Museum through the generous cooperation of the Government of Up-
per Volta and the United States Atomic Energy Commission, was
observed to fall in Upper Volta on August 14, 1962. It is being ex-
tensively studied in several laboratories because observed falls of iron
meteorites are extremely rare.
In the division of invertebrate paleontology and paleobotany, trans-
fers of type specimens from the U.S. Geological Survey included 68
Permian pelecypods described by K. Ciriaks of Columbia Univer-
sity; 869 specimens of Upper Cretaceous oysters from the Western
Interior; 40 Permian corals from Nevada with thin sections; and 33
specimens and 87 thin sections of Middle Silurian corals from Quebec,
described by W. A. Oliver, Jr.
Funds from the Walcott bequest were used to purchase the Hughes
collection of Tertiary invertebrates from Florida, numbering more
than 50,000 specimens, and for the collection of 4,000 Upper Cre-
taceous mollusks from the western interior; 5,000 Tertiary inverte-
brates from Hampton, Va.; 2,000 fossil echinoids from southwestern
Florida. The Springer fund made possible the purchase of 210 Tri-
assic echinoids and 72 Paleozoic echinoids from the western United
States.
Other important specimens received as gifts include 221 type speci-
mens of planktonic Foraminifera from Recent bottom sediments of
the Pacific Ocean, from Miss Frances Parker of the Scripps Institu-
tion of Oceanography; 1,000 Upper Cretaceous mollusks from Ten-
nessee and Mississippi, arranged by Margaret J. Hall through the
Mid-South Earth Science Club; 6,000 Silurian brachipods from
Czechoslovakia, collected by Dr. A. J. Boucot of the California In-
stitute of Technology; 134 type specimens of Foraminifera from the
Cretaceous Adelphia Mark of Arkansas, from Dr. H. C. Skinner, Tu-
lane University; 500 specimens of Middle Devonian brachiopods and
corals from Northern Ohio from Bernard Keith; 100 Early Devonian
invertebrates from Flute Cave, W. Va.; from the Potomac Speleo-
logical Club; 50 specimens of early Ordovician brachiopods from
Kielce, Poland, by Dr. Robert B. Neuman; 23 rare and unusual Mio-
cene mollusks from Virginia by Mr. and Mrs. William M. Rice; and
of some 52 thin sections of type Foraminifera from the Mississippian
of southern Illinois and Kentucky from Mrs. D. E. N. Zeller of the
University of Kansas.
Outstanding specimens exchanges brought 76 specimens of Plio-
cene mollusks from the Scaldesian formation of Belgium, through
Dr. S. Amelinckx; 99 specimens of fossil invertebrates from Argentina
through Dr. Arturo J. Amos; 13 ammonites from the Cretaceous of
Russia through Dr. D. P. Naidin; and the Harris collection of type
specimens of fossil crinoids, from the University of Houston.
ACCESSIONS 33)
In the division of vertebrate paleontology, the major specimens of
fossil vertebrates accessioned this year consist of two skulls and a
skeleton of three different tetrapods from the Permian of Texas, and
two partial skeletons of Mississippian amphibians, probably new to
science, from West Virginia. The Texas material is of superior qual-
ity and will be most useful in morphological work. ‘These specimens
were collected by Dr. Nicholas Hotton III of the museum staff and
James W. Kitching of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johan-
nesburg, South Africa.
A remarkably good collection comprising remains of a variety of
Eocene mammals found by W. lL. Rohrer in the Big Horn Basin of
Wyoming was transferred from the U.S. Geological Survey. Note-
worthy are skull portions of the large pantodont coryphodon, jaws
and maxillae of the early horse yracotherium and the lemuroid pri-
mate Pelycodus, and the greater part of a skull of a rare leptictid
insectivore.
Science and Technology
The Bell Telephone Laboratories presented to the division of physi-
cal sciences the apparatus used by Dr. Clinton T. Davisson in his 1927
investigations of interference phenomena in crystals irradiated by
electrons, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1937.
Received also was a full-scale reproduction of an observational armil-
lary, one of the large astronomical instruments used by Tycho Brache,
from L. C. Eichner. 3,119 8548) 345/88
~I
bo
—
=
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119,989 276, 732
Care of Collections
Anthropology study collections in new east wing.
Anthropology
Good progress was made in renovation of the space assigned to the
division of archeology in the main building and part of this has
been utilized by the division. Most of the African and Asian col-
lections have been moved to storage in the new east wing, where they
are currently being rearranged and reclassified. As a result of this
move, the North American collections in the north attic are being ar-
ranged in a manner that will make them much more accessible than
heretofore. The area around the skylight in the north attic has also
43
44 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963
been floored so that large objects, such as boats, can be stored and yet
be conveniently available for study.
Of the 450 George Catlin paintings in the division of ethnology,
only 13 remain to be cleaned, restored, and mounted, and these will
be completed by H. G. Courtais this year. For record purposes
and also to provide prints for the continuing public demand, all of the
paintings have been photographed, in color and in black and white,
before and after restoration.
During the year, the anthropological laboratory was moved from
the ground floor to the third floor of the Natural History building,
and its storage in the north attic was changed to the east end of the
east attic. The repair and restoration of damaged anthropological
specimens, including newly received objects and others from our older
collections, was 2 continuing activity on the part of exhibits spe-
ciahst A. J. Andrews. More than 400 objects, ethnological, archeo-
logical, and physical anthropological, were handled in the laboratory.
Scientific illustrator George R. Lewis completed 107 stipple and 382
line-drawings, drew 22 maps and charts, made 387 labels and signs,
retouched 6 photographs, and completed 14 detailed pencil and 4 ink
wash and color jobs.
Zoology
Considerable progress was made in the division of mammals in
rearranging the skeletons and part of the alcoholic collection of small
mammals. The skins and skulls of cricetine rodents and of the weasels
and related mustelid carnivores were also put in order. In cooperation
with the staff of the Mammal Laboratory of the Fish and Wildlife
Service, index cards were prepared for most of the sciurid, geomyid,
and heteromyid rodents of the New World. Because of construction
work in the west attic, it was necessary to move part of the large
skeletons housed there to temporary storage, and others were made
inaccessible for most of the year. Bases mounted on casters were con-
structed for several of the large and fragile whale skulls that will
have to be moved several times during the construction program.
Special wooden cases were designed for storage of a large collection
of loose antlers. The contents of the unit cases of large mammal
skins were partly rearranged in preparation for the future move into
new quarters. The room that houses the dermestid beetle colony
for cleaning small skulls and skeletons was renovated, as were the
tank and other apparatus that is used to clean larger osteological
material.
With the move of the division of birds into new quarters, several
previously existing problems involving the care and use of the collec-
CARE OF COLLECTIONS A5
tions have been solved. The bird skin storage cases, formerly crowded
into three tiers and arranged systematically in horizontal strata, are
now in one and two tier rows, the tops of the single tier rows serving
as work surfaces. The systematic order of the cases now allows for
expansion with little or no disruption of the arrangement of the col-
lection, and ceiling height im the storage area will permit eventual
expansion of the collection into a third tier of cases. The collection
of bird anatomical specimens in alcohol has been moved from the
storage area in the division of reptiles and amphibians to a spacious
new alcoholic storage room in the division of birds.
During the year, 1,758 specimens of reptiles and amphibians were
identified, cataloged, and shelved. Progress has continued with the
inventory of snakes, and new metal labels are being used to replace cor-
roded labels and parchment labels. The use of ground-glass-stoppered
jars with petrolatum seals almost completely negates the problem of
evaporation of the alcoholic collections.
Portions of the collections of fishes formerly housed at the Zoologi-
cal Park and two large storage tanks have been moved to the Smith-
sonian Oceanographic Sorting Center because space for them is not
Study skins laid out for inspection in new east wing storage area of
division of birds.
46 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963
presently available in the division of fishes. Progress has been made
in surveying the collection and replenishing alcohol that has evap-
orated from the contaiers. It is anticipated that this work will be
completed within a period of two years.
Because of the improved storage facilities at the Lamont Street
building, it has been possible to rearrange most of the collections
in the division of insects. The collection is now in better condition
than at any time in the preceding three decades. The entire collection
of water beetles was arranged systematically and all of it identified at
least to genus. Among the Hemiptera, the entire collection of Pen-
tatomidae (stink bugs) has been brought together from several collec-
tions, identified, and arranged in 240 labeled insect drawers. Almost
10,000 specimens derived from the John C. Lutz collection and the
remaining specimens of Membracidae (tree hoppers) from the Funk-
houser collection have been incorporated in the regular series. The
collections of most of the neuropteroid orders (ant lions, caddisflies,
dragonflies, damselflies, and the like) have been brought together,
identified, and rearranged so that, for the first time, it is possible
to find any specimen from any part of the world. Large segments
of the collection of Lepidoptera, formerly temporarily stored, have
New design racks hold alcoholic specimens of mollusks in east wing.
CARE OF COLLECTIONS AT
been rearranged in standard museum drawers. More than 15,000
specimens from the George W. Rawson and J.C. Hopfinger collections
of Lepidoptera have been similarly rearranged and properly tagged,
and several thousand members of the microlepidopteran families have
been spread and readied for critical study and identification.
The summer intern program in the division was highly successful.
Among the accomplishments was the sorting and identification to
superfamily or lower categories of 19,360 miscellaneous Hymenoptera
(bees, wasps, and the like) by summer intern Gary McLaughlin, who
also assisted in the care of the Arachnida-Myriapoda collection. Sum-
mer intern Louis Bourne cleaned 3,168 drawers and replenished the
needed cork bottoms and fumigant in many of them. He also as-
sisted in the rearrangements of collections of butterflies and neurop-
teroids. Dr. W. Donald Duckworth, then a summer intern, continued
work begun in the summer of 1961 and rearranged several families of
Microlepidoptera requiring the preparation of several hundreds of
microscope slides. Summer intern Dennis E. Puleston rearranged
some 8,300 specimens of Lepidoptera, and summer intern Nancy Law-
son sorted and organized many thousands of locality labels and as-
sisted in reorganizing the collection of Odonata.
Greater progress has been made during the past year in the reorgani-
zation of the collections of marine invertebrates than during any other
year since World War II. Under the direction of curator Donald F.
Squires and with the assistance of museum technicians Charles E.
Goode and T. P. Lowe, the collection of corals is well on the way toward
achieving its potential value and usefulness. Approximately 80 quar-
ter-unit cases of corals formerly housed in the attic have now been
incorporated with the main collection. Important West Indian col-
lections, many U.S. Exploring Expedition types, and the extensive
Steere collection from the Philippine Islands have become readily
available for study, as has the large Marshall Islands collections which
formed the core of the comprehensive monograph by J. W. Wells on
Indo-Pacific reef corals. The inventory and rearrangement of the
entire echinoderm collection started early in the fiscal year by summer
interns John C. McCain and James F. Casey, Jr., under the direction
of associate curator Charles KE. Cutress, Jr., was completed before the
end of the year by museum technicians Maureen E. Downey and Emily
C. Mandelbaum. The vast collection of identified crayfishes has been
completely rearranged in a single, readily accessible unit by museum
technicians John T. Irving and Roland H. Brown, working under the
direction of head curator Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. Mr. Brown has also
made commendable progress in reducing the extensive backlog of iden-
tified but uncataloged crayfishes, and Dr, Hobbs is steadily decreasing
4S U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963
the backlog of unidentified specimens. Museum aide Nathaniel L. Liv-
ingston has checked the preservation of all type material in alcohol
and has added fumigant to all boxes of dry material in the attic and to
a large part of those on the ground floor.
During the past year, the division of mollusks moved into new
quarters on the fifth floor of the east wing of the museum. As a
result, except for a limited number of duplicate specimens, the col-
lection of mollusks is concentrated in one area sufficiently large to
allow for expansion for some years to come. In the process of pre-
paring for the move, associate curator Joseph Rosewater, with the
assistance of museum technicians W. J. Byas and J. A. Pendergrass,
rearranged and brought together into one series eight separate col-
lections previously located in several rooms. The alcoholic collection,
formerly inconveniently housed on the ground floor of the museum, was
similarly moved into a room adjacent to the shell collection where it
is now readily accessible to staff members and visitors. The slide
collection has been relabeled, indexed, and installed in a new steel
slide cabinet.
Botany
The delivery of 210 new herbarium cases made it possible to expand
the collections of the division of phanerogams about 10 percent. This
has relieved the crowded conditions sufficiently to permit insertion
of new material without injury to the specimens.
The major activities in caring for the permanent collections and the
processing of new material are summarized in the following table:
1961-62 1962-63
Specimens and photographs mounted ......... 31, 030 30, 441
SPecimens wrepainreditrwme ance dae ala atte Seco hes teare aes 11, 463 18, 925
Specimens stamped and recorded ............ 16, 341 34, 692
Specimens incorporated in herbarium or added to the
eam, COllenIOMS 5556506000000 0000¢ 27, 892 20, 424
There are now 59,302 types in the segregated type herbarium, in-
cluding 41,509 phanerogams, 10,115 grasses, 3,482 ferns, and 4,396 cryp-
togams. ‘This isan increase of 166 types during the year.
Geology
The removal of all the collections of the department to the new
space in the east wing enabled a rearrangement of the specimens into
more useful and efficient schemes. The storage collections are in large
center areas surrounded by the offices. Ready accessibility of office
to storage is thus a very convenient arrangement. As it was moved,
the mineral collection was in part rearranged according to a more
CARE OF COLLECTIONS 49
modern chemical-structural classification. The large mineral speci-
mens were taken out of dead storage, cleaned, classified, and placed
in new and readily accessible storage facilities.
The move of the invertebrate paleontology and paleobotany col-
lections offered an opportunity for major rearrangements of a large
part of the collection on a drawer-by-drawer level, bringing together
all of the scattered drawers of one category in a prearranged sequence
as the move was made. The large invertebrate stratigraphic collec-
tion was brought together into groupings based on geologic system
and geographic location by state or foreign country. The general
paleobotanical collections were arranged in order of stratigraphic
occurrence and the rearrangement of all Paleozoic and Mesozoic type
and biologic sets of mollusks was completed.
Museum technician James Ferrigno, under the direction of associate
curator Richard Cifelli, has made considerable progress in sorting
and reorganizing the several thousand bulk, unwashed foraminiferal
samples. Although not completely inventoried, these specimens are
for the first time conveniently arranged for research or exchange
purposes.
A significant modification of the standard dry peel method
of making replicas of polished surfaces of skeletal specimens that
are subject to differential etching with acids or other reagents was
developed this last year by research associate John Utgaard, museum
technician Lorenzo Ford, and Jesse KE. Merida of the U.S. Geological
Survey. The standard technique used acetate paper as the medium
onto which the impression of the etched surface was made. The
paper was either unmounted or pre-mounted on a glass slide. Be-
cause of the flexibility and crinkling of the paper, study under a
microscope was difficult and detailed measurements were not reliable.
The crinkling difficulty was overcome by using slides made entirely
of cellulose acetate or plexiglass in dimensions approximating those
of a standard glass slide. The replicas are then comparable to a
thin section in use. The plastic slides are essentially unbreakable
and are adapted to making serial sections or a number of replicas of
a single surface of a type or other important specimen. The most im-
portant use of these slides will be in preliminary study of groups
that require thin sections, as the process takes less than half the
preparation time that finished thin sections require. A surface from
which preliminary peels have been made is still available, of course,
for thin-sectioning.
In the new distribution of the study collection of vertebrate fossils,
all of the fossil land mammals, except for Oligocene titanotheres
which remain in the old storage area, are now housed in the east wing.
50 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963
Fossil marine mammals are to remain on the steel range of the old
storage area and eventually to occupy this entire space. Fossil birds
are presently on the steel range but are to be moved to the east wing
when additional storage equipment becomes available. All of the
collections of fossil reptiles and amphibians, except for an unprepared
portion of the Marsh collection, were moved to the east wing and
retained their previous taxonomic arrangement. Available storage
on the first floor of the new wing also permitted the moving of the
collection of fossil agnathous, sharklike and ray-finned fishes.