HARVARD UNIVERSITY. WiBbBRAKY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. \S kL 0. GIFT OF ALEXANDER AGASSIZ. 1 ,1QO’. aie i a) in i PHOTO. BY PIRIE MAC DONALL Navy er ol rlene NNO AN Ee ResO) Rei. OF HE NEW YORK BO@OROGIERI SOCIETY CHARTERED IN 1895 ©OBJECIS OF THE SOCIETY APUBEIG ZOOLOGICAL PARK THE PRESERVATION OF OUR NATIVE ANIMALS THE PROMOTION OF ZOOLOGY 1907 “ NEW YORK OFFICE OF THE SOCIETY, 11 WALL STREET JANUARY, 1908 CopyRIGHT, 1908, BY THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY The Kalkbhoff Company RNew Bork Contents Boarp OF MANAGERS OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY OFFICERS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK AND AQUARIUM MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE TREASURER’S REPORTS REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR : W. T. Hornaday, Sc.D. AQUARIUM REPORT , : Charles H. Townsend POLLUTION OF STREAMS : Charles H. Townsend List oF GIFTS: Zoological Park Heads and Horns Aquarium REPORT OF THE VETERINARIAN W. Reid Blair, D.V.S. CONDITION OF WILD LIFE IN ALASKA . Madison Grant By-Laws INDEX PAGE List of Mlustrations PAGE CuHarLes T. BARNEY ee owes 1 erontispicce Bairp Court 3 4 : : : : 320 AMERICAN Bison HErD . : ‘ : , : e836 Rocky Mountain Goats - ese Rocky MountTAIn Goat-HEaD _. : ‘ : : & =i CHIMPANZEES. : : : : : : 2-056 BLacK-FootEeD PENGUINS 2 : ; ‘ : : oa O2 SMALL-DEER HOUSE : : : : ‘ : een New Boat House . : : : : ; ‘ : S70 AMERICAN BISON : : ; ; ‘ : : ‘ 80 SpoTteD Moray : ; : ; f 86 SCHOOLMASTER Oe se cy ee i © SEOTTEDSEMIND. 45 5 2% : : bere. AFRICAN ELEPHANTS : : : : ; : : 5 dears PENINSULA BEAR ; 5 : . : : i : J. sr24: Board of Hanagers Hon. GeorcE B. McCLELian, Mayor of New York. Ex-Officio: Hon. Henry SMITH, President Dep’t of Parks. CLASS OF 1909. Levi P. Morton, ANDREW CARNEGIE, Joun L. CADWALADER, JoHN S. BaRNEs, MADISON GRANT, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, SAMUEL THORNE, Henry A. C. TAyYLor, HuexH J. CHISHOLM, WILLIAM D. SLOANE, WINTHROP RUTHERFURD, FRANK K. STurRGIS. CLASS OF 1910. F. Aucustus SCHERMERHORN, Percy R. Pyne, GEORGE B. GRINNELL, Jacos H. Scuirr, EpwaArp J. BERWIND, GEORGE C. CLARK, CLEVELAND H. DopceE, C. Lepyarp BLAIR, CORNELIUS VANDERBILT, NELSON ROBINSON, FREDERICK GILBERT BOURNE, W. AUSTIN WADSWORTH. CLASS OF 1911. HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, James W. Barney, WILLIAM C. CHURCH, LISPENARD STEWART, H. CASIMIR DE RHAM, (GEORGE CROCKER, Hucu D. AUCHINCLOsS, CHARLES F. DIETERICH, James J. Hix, GEORGE F. BAKER, GRANT B. SCHLEY, PAYNE WHITNEY. OFFICERS OF THE New York Zoological Society President: SION, IIB WAL 12, IMO ALOU, First Vice-President: Second Vice-President: HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN. JOHN L. CADWALADER. Executive Committee. HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Chairman, JOHN S. BARNES, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, PERCY Ro PYNE; MADISON GRANT SAMUEL THORNE, LEVI P. MORTON, ex officio. Secretary: MADISON GRANT, 11 Wall Street. Treasurer: IPIBIRICAY IR IRAVIN(IS, 30 Pine Street. Director of the Zoological Park: WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, 183d Street and Southern Boulevard. Director of the Aquarium: CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Battery Park. Architects: HEINS & LA FARGE. Consulting Landscape Architect: JAMES L. GREENLEAF. Consulting Engineer: H. De B. PARSONS. Officers of the Zoological Wark. WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Sc.D., Director and General Curator. Fi Rea eV ie ils GEG eee center ease rerserae Chief Clerk and Disbursing Officer. RUANOMIOINID GIES IDIMDMUAIRS sean oe Gude cud oblong coc Curator of Reptiles. Co WETERAINIB ESB Ean ser as ce megane ene emia einen Curator of Birds. eT VV isIE Fes Tear eae cae rae Rape oy aioe Chief Forester and Constructor. GABOR, WMI IBID IRIBYOWWAB Ros oocccccccugoncocsocuetdo< Civil Engineer. ISILAW/ALIN] 185 GyAUNIIBXOIRUN 5 sc spepoocccss Photographer and Assistant Editor. Medical Staff. EAREOW. (BROOKS NPD. 52 lecsno een deere eee Pathologist. WS SRaEG DS) eB eGR Sea ON Seo om poy 2 choc aa stennre ce ieraro rt Noe ae RE V eterinarian. Aquarium Committee. CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Chairman. CHARLES L. BRISTOL, University of New York. BASHFORD DEAN, Columbia University. ALFRED G. MAYER, Tortugas Laboratory of Carnegie Institute. CHARLES B. DAVENPORT, Director Biological Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. THOMAS H. MORGAN, Columbia University. EDMUND B. WILSON, Columbia University. WILLIAM E. DAMON. ROSWELL MORSE SHURTLEFF. Officers of the Aquarium. CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director. LEONARD B. SPENCER....Asst. in Charge of Fresh-water Collections. WASHINGTON I. DE NYSE....Asst. in Charge of Marine Collections. BBEN RR: SAMPSON Aso eee eee ces Clerk and Disbursing Officer. MEMBERS OF THE New Dork Zoological Society. Honorary Members. RROR I A. ALLEN, Pror. DANtEL GrrAup ELLiot, Pror. ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, * Sir Witt1AmM FLower, THe Duke oF BeEprForp, IDI, JR, IL ABlengi, Mr. ArtHUR ERwin Brown, Dr. C. Hart Merriam, Mr. Frank M. CHAPMAN, Hon. LioneL WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Dr. Puitie LutLtey ScLaTer. Benefactors. * BARNEY, CHARLES T., ScuHirr, JAcos H., CARNEGIE, ANDREW, THORNE, SAMUEL, ROCKEFELLER, WILLIAM, * WHITNEY, Hon. WILLIAM C. Founders. BAKER, GEorGE F., Morton, Hon. Levi P., BARNES, JoHN S., * OTTENDORFER, O'SWALD, BERWIND, Epwarp J., Payne, Cor. Otiver H., BourNE, FREDERICK G., Pyne, Percy RIVINGTON, CADWALADER, JOHN L., ROCKEFELLER, JOHN D., DIETERICH, CHARLES F., SCHERMERHORN, F. AuGusTUS, * DopcE, WILLIAM E., SLOANE, WiLtiAm D., * GOELET, ROBERT, Taytor, Henry A. C., GOULD, GEORGE J., TuHomeson, Mrs. FREDERIC FERRIS, Goutp, Miss HeLten MILteEr, Trevor, Mrs. Joun B., * HuntTINGTON, C. P., * VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS, McMiitin, Emerson, VANDERBILT, WILLIAM K., Morecan, J. PIeRPoNt, Woop, Mrs. ANTOINETTE ENO. Associate Sounders. * BascocK, SAMUEL D., Osporn, Pror. HENRY FAIRFIELD, Buiair, C. Lepyarp, * SCHUYLER, PHILIP, * CARTER, JAMES C., ScHuyLer, Mrs. PHItip, CuisHoLm, Huau J., STEWART, LISPENARD, CROCKER, GEORGE, Stokes, Miss CAROLINE PHELPS, DopcGr, CLEVELAND H., Sturcis, Mrs. Frank K., HARRIMAN, E. H., TIFFANY & COMPANY, * Jesup, Morris K., VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS. 12 NEW YORK * ARNOLD, HIcks, AucHINcLoss, Mrs. HucH D., BarRNEY, JAMES W., 3LISss, CoRNELIUS N., * Briss, GEorGcE T., BREWSTER, RoserT S., CLARK, GEORGE CRAWFORD, CLarK, Mrs. GEORGE CRAWFORD, * CONSTABLE, FREDERICK A., * Cook, Henry H., EHRET, GEORGE, * FLOWER, ROSWELL P., Forp, JAMEs B., Forp, J. Howarp, HARKNESS, CHARLES W., * HAVEMEYER, HENRy O., HAVEMEYER, WILLIAM F., * Hewitt, ABRAM S., Hitt, JAMEs J., * HOFFMAN, VERY Rev. E. A., * TsELIN, ADRIAN, * James, D. WILLIs, James, NorMAN, Jennincs, Miss A. B., KENNEDY, JOHN STEWART, Lewis, Mrs. GEorGE, Mayer, Dr. ALFRED G., * Morris, A. NEWBOLD, Morris, Mrs. A. NEWeso_p, ZOOLOGICAL, SOCIETY, Patrons. Morris, Miss EvA VAN CorTLANDT, Morris, NEWBOLD, Osporn, WILLIAM CHURCH, * Osporn, Mrs. Witiiam H., Poor, Henry W., * Pyne, Mrs. Percy R., Roprnson, NELSoNn, Ryan, THomas F., * SCHERMERHORN, WILLIAM C., ScHLEY, GRANT B., SELIGMAN, Isaac NEWTON, * STICKNEY, JOSEPH, StIcKNEY, Mrs. JOSEPH, Taytor, JAMES B., Jr., THORNE, Epwin, ‘THORNE, FRANcIs B., TuorneE, Henry S., THORNE, JoEL W., THORNE, Lanpon K., THorNE, Miss PHEBE ANNA, THORNE, SAMUEL, JR., THORNE, S. BRINCKERHOFF, THORNE, Victor C., THORNE, WILLIAM, TyADER, Mrs. Marcaret T., Twomey, H. MckK., Von Post, HERMAN C., * Wess, WILLIAM H., * Wo LFF, A. Life Members. ADAMS, Epwarp DEAN, ANDREWS, CONSTANT A., ANDREWS, J. SHERLOCK, AUCHINCLoss, HucH D., AVERY, SAMUEL P., * BALLANTINE, ROBERT F., Barzour, THOMAS, Barzour, WILLIAM, BarHyYpT, Mrs. P. HAck ey, Barnes, Miss Cora F., Barnes, Miss MIvprep, BEEBE, C. WILLIAM, Bett, Mrs. C. M., BEeLMont. AvuGUuST, Betts, SAMUEL ROSSITER, BrsHop, HreBer REGINALD, * BLACKFORD, EUGENE G., Botpr, GrorGcE C., Bonn, Frank §S., Booru, WiLiiAmM H., BowpoINn, GEoRGE S., BRINSMADE, CHARLES LYMAN, Brown, GrorcE McKesson, Bruce. Miss Martiztpa W., BurDEN, HENRY, 2D, BUSHNELL, JOSEPH, Butter, WILLIAM MILL, CAMMANN, GEorGE P., Camp, HucH N., CHANLER, WINTHROP, CHISHOLM, HucH J., Jr., CuurcuH, E. Dwicurt, CuHurcH, WILLIAM CONANT, CLARKSON, BANYER, CoE, WILLIAM R., CoFFIN, CHARLES A., CoLGATE, WILLIAM, CoLttarD, Mrs. Grorce W., CoNYNGHAM, WILLIAM L., (Coron, (C, “A. CorNING, JOHN J., Coxe, Davies, CRANE, ZENAS, CRIMMINS, JoHN D., Cupar, ( (Cs, Davis, E. W., * Deceased. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. Davis, JoHn W. A., DECOPPET, EDWARD J., DELAFIELD, ALBERT, De RHAM, CHARLES, DiIcKERMAN, Watson B., DickEy, CHARLES D., Dirmars, R. L., DoncrE, GEORGE EGLESTON, Dopnce, Marcettus Hartley, DoELGER, CHARLES P., DoELGER, PETER, DoetceEr, PETER, JR., Draper, Mrs. Henry, DuBors, Miss ETHEL, DuBors, Miss KATHERINE, DuBois, WitiiAM A., DuNscomBE, GEORGE ELSWorRTH, Dwyer, THOMAS, ELLIOTT, SAMUEL, Exits, W. Dixon, Ery, AmproseE K., Eno, Amos F., FarrRcHILD, Hon. CHARLES S., Fercuson, Mrs. FARQUHAR, Fercuson, Miss May, FIELD, CORTLANDT DE PEYSTER, FisHerR, Mrs. Henry J., FLEITMANN, WiLttAmM MEDLIcorT, FLintT, CHARLES R., FRENCH, S. Barton, GERRY, ELBRIDGE T., GoopwIn, JAMEs J., Grant, Manprson, GUGGENHEIM, S. R., GUNTHER, BERNARD G., GUNTHER, FRANKLIN L., HAGENBECK, Cart, HarKNEss, Epwarbp S., Harkness, Mrs. S. V., HARRAH, CHARLES J., Harris, ALAN C., Haupt, Dr. Louis, * HAVEN, GEORGE G., HEARN, GEorcE A., HENDERSON, CHARLES R., HicGInson, JAMEs J., lnlinee, Jahucersg, Hopkins, Georce B., HorNapDAy, WILLIAM T., Huspsarp, THomaAs H., HuNTINGTON, ARCHER M., Hype, JAmes H., Jackson, THEODORE F., JENNINGS, OLIVER G., Kinc, GEORGE GORDON, * KINGSLAND, WILLIAM M.., KIssEL, Gustav E., KuUNHARDT, W. B., La Farce, C. GRANT, LANGpoN, Woopsury G., LANIER, CHARLES, Lee, CHARLES NorTHAM, Lreeps, Mrs. Warner M., LEHMAN, S. M., LouNSBERY, RicHArRD P., Low, C. ADOLPHE, Low, SETH, Lypic, Davin, Lypic, Cart. Puitie M., McALPIN, CHARLES WILLISTON, McComes, J. Scott, McKim, CHAR tes F., McLane, Guy RICHARDS, Mackay, CLARENCE H., Mackay, DoNaAtLp, Macy, V. EVERIT, MartrLanp, ALEXANDER, Matiory, CHARLES H., Marc, THEopHILUS M., Markog, Dr. Francis H., MarSHALL, Louts, MerKEL, HERMANN W., Miter, Dr. Georce N., * MITCHELL, RoLAND G., Moore, Mrs. JAMES Amory, Morean, J. P., Jr, * Morris, JAMES, Nessitt, A. G., NeEweoLp, THOMAS, Nicuots, Mrs. WiLLtiAM GILMAN, Nites, J. Barron, Nives, WILLIAM WHITE, PARISH, HENRY, PARRISH, JAMES C., PEABODY, CHARLES A., PERKINS, WILLIAM H., Puipps, Henry, PHOENIX, Lioyp, PHOENIX, PHILLIPS, PIERREPONT, JOHN JAY, PincuHot, J. W., Porter, Mrs. Henry C., PRATT, Datias B., Proctor, A. PHIMISTER, Pyne, M. Taytor, QuUINTARD, GEORGE W., Raymonp, CuHartes H., RIKER, SAMUEL, JR., Ross, J. HAMPDEN, Rossins, MILton, Ropinson, ARTHUR, Rocers, ARCHIBALD, Russ, Epwarp, RUTHERFURD, WINTHROP, * Deceased. 13 14 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. SAMPSON, HENRY, SANDS, WILLIAM R., * SCHERMERHORN, J. EGMONT, SCHIEFFELIN, EUGENE, ScutrF, Mortimer L., Seton, ERNEST THOMPSON, SHELDON, CHARLES, SHERMAN, GEORGE, SHERMAN, WILLIAM WaATtTTS, SHIELDS, GEORGE O., Simpson, Miss JEAN WALKER, Stoan, Benson B., * SLOAN, SAMUEL, SLOAN, SAMUEL, JR., * SLOANE, JOHN, SPEYER, JAMES, Stetson, FRANCIS LYNDE, StuRGES, FREDERICK, SturGciIs, FRANK K., THALMAN, ERNST, Tuomeson, Lewis S., THompson, WILLIAM P., TILFORD, FRANK, Topp, WILLIAM R., TowNSEND, CHARLES H., Trevor, Henry G,, Trevor, JOHN B., UHLMANN, FREDERICK, WapswortH, Major W. AustTIN, WAINWRIGHT, RicHARD T., WaLker, Dr. HENRY FREEMAN, WaresurcG, FELix M., WARREN, SAMUEL D., Watson, Francis A., WeEtcHeER, Mrs. FAnNy AVERY, WuHEALTON, Louis N., WHITEHEAD, PAUL, WHITNEY, Harry PAYNE, WHITNEY, PAYNE, Wiuttets, Howarp, W1nNG, JoHN D., Woop, Miss ELEANoR DENNISTON, Annual H#embers. ABEEL, GEORGE, ABEEL, JOHN H., ABERCROMBIE, Davin T., ACHELIS, FRITZ, ACHELIS, JOHN, ADAMS, FRANK LANSON, ADAMS, FREDERICK B., ADAMS, FREDERICK T., ADAMS, SAMUEL, ADAMS, THATCHER M., AGENS, FREDERICK GIRARD, AGNEW, ANDREW G., AcNeEw, Mrs. CorneE ius R., AITKEN, JoHN W., ALvEN, R. PErcy, AupricH, Mrs. JAMES HERMAN, ALEXANDER, Mrs. CHARLES B., ALEXANDER, DOUGLAS, ALEXANDER, FRANK D., ALEXANDER, JAMES W., ALEXANDER, Dr. WeELcoME T., ALEXANDER, Mrs. WILLIAM, ALEXANDRE, J. HENRY, ALLAND, MAURICE, ALLEN, ETHAN, ALLEN, JAMES LANE, Ams, Max, AMUNDSON, JoHN A., Anperson, A. A,, ANDERSON, P. CHAUNCEY, ANDREINI, J. M., Anprous, GEorGE L., ANTHONY, WILLIAM A., APPLETON, FRANCIS R., APPLETON, JAMES W., ArcHBOLD, Mrs. J. F., ARCHBOLD, JOHN D., ARCHER-SHEE, Mrs. Martin, AREND, F. J., ArLitz, WILLIAM J., Armour, GEORGE A., Armour, Mrs. HERMAN O., ARMSTRONG, CHARLES P., Astor, JOHN JAcop, Aucuincioss, Mrs. Epcar S., AUCHINCLoss, HucGH, AUCHINCLOoss, JOHN W., Aycricc, B. ArTHUR, Bacu, GuSTAV, BAKER, STEPHEN, BALDWIN, FREDERICK H., BALDWIN, Dr. JARED G,, BALDWIN, JARED G., JR, Banes, Dr. L. Botton, Banks, THEODORE H., * BarBEY, Henry I., BarciLay, J. SEARLE, JR., Barciay, Mrs. REGINALD, BARNARD, J. AUGUSTUS, Barnes, Mrs. Courrtanp D., BarNeES, HERPERT S., BARNES, J. SANFORD, JR., BARNES, Epwarp W., Barney, A. L., Barney, ASHBEL H., Barney, Mrs. J. STEWART, * Deceased. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. Barney, N. C., BaRNuM, WILLIAM M., Barr, WILLIAM, Barron, Dr. JoHN C., Barron, GEorGE D., * BARTELS, WILLIAM, Barton, WIL.Is E., BATTERSON, JAMES G., BAUMANN, GUSTAV, Baxter, GEORGE S., JR., BayarpD, Louis P., Bayuiies, EnpmuND L., Bayvuies, Mrs. NATHALIE E., Bayiis, WILLIAM, Bazin, FELIx A., Beacu, WALTER R., BEADLESTON, ALFRED N., BEAL, WILLIAM R., BEARD, DANIEL CARTER, BECKER, CHRISTIAN, BECKER, CONRAD, Becker, PHILIP, Beers, M. H., BerDeL, HERMANN, Bett, EDWARD, BEMENT, Epwarp, BENKARD, Harry H.., BENJAMIN, EuGENE S., * BENSON, FRANK SHERMAN, Benson, Miss Mary, Benson, Miss THyrza, BERGSTRESSER, CHARLES M., BEROLZHEIMER, E., BERNHEIMER, CHARLES L., BERNHEIMER, SIMON E., Bertron, S. R., Bickmore, Pror. Avzert S., Brer, Mrs. Sytvan, Bicetow, Henry B., BrILLincs, FREDERICK, BircHALL, W. H., Birp, EpwArp Dimon, Birp, GEORGE, BisHop, Miss Mary CuNNINGHAM, BLAGpEN, Mrs. GEorGE, BLaGpEN, Mrs. Jutta G.,, IBie/Am, IDE (Cp Buair, J. INSLEY, BLAKE, Dr. Josery A., BLaKeEsLeE, T. J., BratcurorD, Mrs. SAMUEL A., Buiss, ErRneEstT C., Biopcett, WILLIAM TILDON, Briooncoop, Rosvert F., BLOOMINGDALE, JOSEPH B., Bross, JAMEs O., * BLUMENSTIEL, A., 15 Boas, Emit L., BoEKELMAN, Pror. BERNARDUS, Boetrcer, H. W., Bocert, Epwarp C., Bocert, Epwarp LANGDON, BotssEvAIN, G. L., * Botton, Mrs. JosepH B., Botton, Joun W., Bo.ton, THOMAS, JR., Bonp, ALFRED H., * Bonp, WILLIAM Epwarnp, Bonner, G. T., Bonner, Mrs. PAut R., BorGstEDE, JOHN G.,, BorLanp, J. NELSON, BorLtaANnD, WILLIAM G., Borne, JoHN E., Borerer, EniyAu S., Bowpo1n, TEMPLE, BowEN, CLARENCE WINTHROP, Bowers, Joun M., Boynton, GrEorGE MELVILLE, BraApForp, J. H., BRADLEY, Epson, BRADLEY, J. R., Brapy, Mrs. J. R., Brapy, NicHoras F., BRAINERD, IRA H., Branp, Oscar J., BRANDRETH, COURTENAY, BrAUN, FREDERICK, BREIDENBACH, CHARLES M., Brewster, Mrs. BENJAMIN, BREWSTER, GEORGE S., BRINCKERHOFF, ELBerT A., Bristot, Pror. CHARLES L., BrIstoL, JoHN I. D., Bristow, WILLiAM B., Broasst, FRANK A., Bronson, Dr. Epwarp BENNET, Brown, Hon. Appison, Brown, CHARLES F., Brown, Epwin H., Brown, F. TILpen, Brown, JOHN Crossy, Brown, VERNON CARLETON, Brown, WaAtpron P., BrowNninc, WiLtIAm H., BrowNIne, J. A., BRUCKER, CARL, * BRUNN, JULIUS W., Bryant, Dr. Joseru D., Bryce, Mrs. WILLIAM, BucHANAN, WILLIAM, BuckLey, RICHARD, BUCKNER, THOMAS A., Bupp, Henry A., * Deceased. 16 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL, SOCIETY, BULKLEY, Epwin M., BuLKLey, Mrs. Epwin M., BuLL, CHARLES LIVINGSTON, Butt, Ropert MaActray, Butt, WILLIAM L., Butt, Dr. Wittiam T., Bumpus, Pror. Hermon C., Burpen, JAMES A., Jr., Burcess, Epwarp G., BurxeE, B. J., BurRLEIGH, GEORGE W., BurLeicH, Mrs. Grorce W., BurnHAM, Mrs. DoucLas W., Burr, WINTHROP, BusH, Joun S., Butter, ArTHUR W., CarEsarR, Henry A., Cater, Amos H., CALMAN, HeEnrRY L., CALMAN, ALBERT, CAMMANN, Epwarp C., CAMMANN, HENRY LoRILLARD, CAMMANN, HERMANN H., CANFIELD, GEORGE FOLGER, CANFIELD, RICHARD A., Cannon, H. W., Jr., CANNON, JAMEs G., CANROBERT, A. H., CarpezA, T. D. M., CarEY, FREDERICK F., Carey, Henry T., CARPENDER, WILLIAM, CARPENTER, PHILIP, CARRERE, JOHN M., CARROLL, RoyAL PHELPS, * CarTER, Miss MARGUERITE, CaRSTEN, ADOLPH C., CARSTENSEN, Mrs. JOHN, Cass, CHARLES ANDERSON, CastLeE, E. W., CASWELL, JoHN H., Catucart, Miss JENNIE R., Cerero, R. L., CHasot, THEODORE J., CHAMBERS, FRANK R., CHAMBERS, JAMES, CHAMBERS, JOHN A., CHAMPOLLION, ANDRE, CHAPIN, Mrs. ALFRED, CuHapPin, Miss Marta Bowen, CHAPMAN, HENRY OTIS, CHAPMAN, JOHN JAY, CHAUNCEY, ELIHU, CHENEY, GEorGE L., CHESEBROUGH, Ropert A., CHICHESTER, CHARLES DARWIN, CuiLps, EVERSLEY, CuHILps, WILLIAM H., Cuisotm, B. OGDEN, CHOATE, JOSEPH K., Cuuss, Percy, CHURCH, CHARLES T., CHURCH ED Pains CuurcH, FRepDERIC E., CuurcH, F. S., CuHurRCH, THEODORE W., CLAFLIN, JOHN, CLarRK, D. CRAWFORD, Criark, J. MITCHELL, Gran, IL, Ce, Crark W. A, CiarkK, WILLIAM N., Cian, 1B, A. S. CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDs, CLAUSEN, GEORGE C., CLEARY, JOHN, CLEVELAND, CHARLES D., CrypE, WILLIAM P., CocHRANE, JoHN W., CocKxerorT, Miss E. V., CocKraNn, Hon. W. Bourke, CorFrin, DANIEL M., Corrin, WiLt1AM Epwarp, * CoHEN, SAMUEL M., Cotpron, PAuLt TowNSEND, * CotpuRN, N. A., Cotsy, Howarp A., CoLe, Epwarp F., CoLiier, PETER F., CoLLierR, PRICE, Cotuier, Mrs. R. J., CoLLINs, CLARENCE LYMAN, Cottins, Dr. Stacey Bunp, Cottins, Mrs. ELLen, Cottins, Miss GERTRUDE, CoLLorp, GEORGE W., Comstock, Mrs. H. G,, Conpon, THOMAS GERALD, CoNKLING, PAUL, ConTENT, Harry, Coombe, T. Gorton, Cooper, ‘THEODORE, Corsin, AUSTIN, Corpin, Mrs. AUSTIN, Cornine, C. R., CorwiIneE, WILLIAM R., CosTAIN, EuGENE H., CosTER, CHARLES, Coster, Epwarp LivINGSTON, Cowp1n, WINTHROP, CowL, CLARKSON, Cow tes, Davin S., Cox, CHartes F., Cox, JENNINGS S., * Deceased. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. abe Cox, Marx T., CRAIGIE, ARCHIBALD WALPOLE, Cram, Mrs. KaTuHRINE G., CRANE, ALBERT, CravatH, Mrs. Paut D., * CRAWFORD, Dr. W. H., CRAWFoRD, WILLIAM, CrickmorE, H. G., CROMWELL, FREDERIC, CROMWELL, JAMES W., CROMWELL, LINCOLN, CRONEMEYER, ROBERT, Cross, Grorce D., Cross, Mrs. C. VANDERBILT, Crosstey, G. REGINALD, CRUICKSHANK, JAMES, Curtis, Epwarp W., CuTLeR, CHARLES F., Cutter, RaupH L., Cuttine, R. Futon, Cuttinc, W. BaAyarp, DaAILeY, GRANVILLE F., Daty, Mrs. Marcus, Damon, WILLIAM E., Dana, PAUvL, Dana, WILLIAM B., Darps, CHARLES A., DAVENPORT, Pror. CHARLES B., DaAvENPorT, Mrs. IRA, DavipGE, WriLLiAm H., Davies, FREDERICK M., Davies, J. CLARENCE, DAVIES, JULIEN TAPPAN, Davies, WILLIAM GILBERT, Davis, DANIEL A., Davis, GHERARDI, Davis, HowLanp, Davis, JosEPH P., Davis, M. B., Davis, MorGan, Davison, CHARLES STEWART, Davison, GEORGE Howarp, Day, ArtHuR M., Day, Mrs. Henry Mitts, DEAN, Pror. BASHFoRD, De Coppret, HENRY, DEEVES, RICHARD, De Forest. Ropert W., DEcENER, J. F., DeGorcourtA, A. V., 1D) Om Gay ane oe DELAFIELD, FREDERICK P., DELAFIELD, Miss JuLtA LivINcsToN, DELANO, FREDERIC A., DELANO, WARREN, JR., DELANOY, WILLIAM C., DELESKER, CHARLES, Demarest, A. J., Deminc, L. C., DENICKE, J. B., Dersy, Dr RicHarp H., Dre RuaAM, H. CASsImMir, DESPARD, WALTER D., DEVEREUX, WALTER B., DE VINNE, THEODORE Low, Dewar, CHARLES B., Dre Witt, WALTER G., DE Wirt, WILLIAM G., DEXTER, STANLEY W., Dry, ANTHONY, Deyo, Rosert E., Dick, J. Henry, Dickerson, E. N., DieHL, Georce H., Dienst, A... Dimock, GeorceE E., DitTMAR, JOHN, Jr, Drxon, Dr. Georce A., Dixon, Rosert NICER, Dopce, D. STUART, DonceE, Miss ExizasetH W., Dopce, Miss Grace H., * DopcE, NorMAN W., Donce, Mrs. WituiAM E., DouseE, JOHN, Dominick, H. BLANCHARD, DomMeERICcH, L. F., DoreMus, F. S., DousLeDAY, F. N., DoucLas, JAMES, DouctLass, ALFRED, Dows, Mrs. Davin, oe Dows, Mrs. Davi, Jr., Dows, TRACY, DRAKENFELD, B. FERDINAND, Drayton, J. COLEMAN, DraAz, FRANCIS, DressEL, JoHN A. H., DruMMoND, I. WYMAN, DuANE, RicHARD BACHE, DuBots, CorNELIUS, DuBois, Dr. MattHew B., Duet, Dr. ArTHurR B., * Durer, WILLIAM A., Duties, WILLIAM, Jr., DUNCAN, STUART, Duncan, W. BUTLER, DunpAs, RaLtpH WukrtTs, DuNHAM, Dr. CARROLL, DuNHAM, Epwarp K., DunuaM, G. H., Dunn, GANo S., DuNNE, Epwarp B., DuryeA, Harry H., * Deceased. 18} NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. DuryvEA, GEN. HirAM, DurtcHEr, WILLIAM, Dwicut, JoHN E., Epecar, D., Epcar, Herman L. R., Epcar, NEWBOLD, EpGELL, GEORGE S., Epmonps, Joun W., Ecerton, M., EGGELING, OTTo, Ecteston, D. S., Enrico, Howarp, Erpiirz, Ropert JAMES, Exvsers, Mrs. Fritz, Exper, Mrs. Martixpa A., ELpripcE, FREDERICK L., ELpripGe, WILLIAM T., Etiis, WILLIAM D., Exits, WILLIAM H., ELLswortH, Duncan S., ELLswortH, LINCOLN, EMANUEL, J. H., Jr., ’ Emery, JoHN J., EmicuH, Mort, Emmet, C. TEMPLE, Emmet, Miss Lypta F., Emmnet, Ropert TEMPLE, Enpicotr, ROBERT, Encuisy, E. M., Eno, JoHN CHESTER, EpstEAN, EDWARD, ERBSLOH, R., ERDMANN, MartTIN, ETTLINGER, Louis, Eustis, JoHN E., Evans, Mrs. CADWALADER, Evans, RICHARD, Evarts, A. W., Evarts, SHERMAN, Fapprt, ALESSANDRO, Fasprt, ERNESTO G., Fapsri, Mrs. Ernesto G., FAHNESTOCK, Harris C., FAHNESTOCK, WILLIAM, FAIRBANKS, HEnry P., FALLoN, JoHN J., FaLk, GUSTAV, Farco, JAMES C., FaRNHAM, PAULDING, FARRELLY, T. CHARLES, FARRINGTON, HARVEY, FEARING, GEORGE R., Fearon, J. S., FELLOWES, CORNELIUS, FENNELL, GEORGE W., FrEerGUSON, Harry L., FrernstromM, H., Frecp, Wriitt1Am B. Oscoop, FISCHER, WILLIAM H., FiscHER-HANSEN, CARL, FisHer, L. G,, Fisk, Harvey Epwarp, FItzGERALD, GEN. Louts, FLAGLER, Harry HARKNESS FLintT, AUSTIN, JR., Flower, ANSON R., FLoweEr, FREDERICK S., Four, FRANZ, Foot, JAMeEs D., ForBACH, CHARLES, Forp, Miss Lesa, Foster, Epwarp W., FosTER, GIRAUD, Foster, J. HEGEMAN, Foster, Macomes G.,, Foster, SCOTT, Fow er, THOMAS POWELL, FRASER, ALEX V., Fraser, Mrs. Georce S., Fraser, Miss S. GRACE, FRASER, WILLIAM C., FrencH, Dr. CECIL, FreNcH, DANIEL C., FreNcH, Mrs. JoHN, FrieD, SAMSON, FRISSELL, A. S., Fuupa, Dr. Cart, Futpa, Dr. CLEMENS, FULLER, CHARLES D., Futier, Mrs. EvuGENE, Futter, Henry D., FULTON, JOHN, Jr., FuNKE, Epmunp A., GANz, ANTHONY, * GARLAND, JAMES A., Garrett, JOHN W., Gautier, Duprey G,, Gay, JosePH E., Geer, Mrs. WALTER, GELBACH, Dr. R. Wo., Gerarp, Mrs. JAmeEs W., GERLI, EMANUEL, GERRISH, JOHN Brown, GERRY, PETER G., GersTER, Dr. ArpaD G., GILBERT, CLINTON, GiLseY, HENRY, JR., GLazier, HENRY S., GLEASON, MICHAEL, Giyn, W. E., Goapsy, W. H., Gopparp, FrepErIc N., GoprreY, Mrs. E. D., GopWIN, HARoLpD, * Deceased. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. GoLpscHMoIpT, S. A., Gott, EDWARD, GooDHUE, CHARLES E., GoopuHugE, Mrs. S. C., GooprincE, Mrs. F. G., Goopwin, A. C., GOTTHELF, CHARLES, GoTTHELF, HERMAN, GoTTHOLD, FREDERIC, GouLD, CHARLES A,. GouLp, CHARLES W., GouLp, Epwin, GouLp, GeorGE H., GOULDEN, JOSEPH A., Grant, R. S., GRAVES, WILLIAM L., GREEFF, ERNEST F., GREENE, GEN. FRANCIS V., GREENOUGH, JOHN, GREENWOOD, ISAAc J., GREER, CHARLES, Grecor, ELMER R., GRIFFITH, DANIEL J., GRINNELL, GEORGE Birrp, GRISCOM, CLEMENT A., GRISWOLD, CHESTER, Gross, FRANK, (GUGGENHEIM, SIMON, GULLIVER, WILLIAM C., GURNEE, WALTER G., HacGuE, JAMEs D., Haicut, CHARLES S., HAINES, CHARLES D., Haines, HENry F., HaA.iock, CHARLEs P., HAttis, WILLIAM, JR., HatsteapD, Miss L. P., Hamers.tey, Miss K. L., HAMERSLEY, Lours Gorpon, Hamitton, Miss ADELAIDE, Hastincs, Mrs. THoMAs, HarrFieLp, THomAs F., HAVEMEYER, F. C., Jr., HAvEMEYER, H. O., JR., HAVEMEYER, J. C., HAVEMEYER, T. A., HAvEN, GeEorGE G., Jr., Haven, J. Woopwarp, Havens, ALBERT G., Hawes, MaAtTTHEw, Haynes, WILLIAM DE Forest, HeEcKER, ANTON J., HeECKSCHER, JOHN GERARD, Hepces, Jos E., HEIMAN, ABRAHAM, HEIMAN, E., Hemman, Mrs. SopHie, * HEINS, GEORGE L., HEINSHEIMER, L. A., HEINTZ, JOHN C., HEITEMEYER, CLEMENS, Hetp, Dr. R. JoHNSoN, HENCKEN, HANCKE, HENDRICKS, FRANCIS, HENKEL, JOHN, Henrioues, Dr. H. A., HERMANN, FERDINAND, HeERRMAN, Mrs. ESTHER, Herter, Dr. CHRISTIAN A., Herzoc, Lewis, Hess, SELMAR, Hewitt, Mrs. AsraAm S., Hewitt, Hersert H., Heyne, F. W., jal, 12, 12 Hitt, HENRY, Hitts, Mrs. ALrrep K., Hiryarp, Georce D., HINCHMAN, WALTER, HrrscuH, CHARLES S., Hiss, PHIip, Hamitton, Miss EvizArpetH STEWARt, HitcHcock, CENTER, HAMILTON, WILLIAM PIERSON, HAmmonp, JAMEs B., Hammonpb, Mrs. JoHN HENRY, Hanson, Pror. Harry D., HaARBECK, CHARLES T., Harp, Anson W., Harp, Mrs. Anson W., HARDENBERGH, Mrs. JouHNn A., HARDENBERGH, T. E., Harmon, Mrs. Crirrorp, Harper, LATHROP C., Harrison, GeorceE L., Jr., Harvey, E11, HASSLACHER, JACOB, Hastincs, JoHN W., HocHSscHILbD, BERTHOLD, Hopenpyt, Anton G., Hoe, RicHarp M., Hoe, Mrs. Ricuarp M., Hoe, Mrs. Ropert, HorrMAN, Mrs. E. A., Horprooxk, Mrs. F. S., * HoLpEN, Epwin B., Hoven, Epwin R., Hobpen, GEORGE A.., Hotins, Henry B., OLETSDERS alee Hott, Henry, Homans, Mrs. Epwarp C., Hootey, Epwin S., * Deceased. 19 20 NEW YORK Horr, M. G., Hoppin, HAmiTon L., Hoppin, SAMUEL HOWLAND, Hoppin, WILLIAM W., Jr., Hoskier, H. C., Howe, Wirt, How.tanp, Henry E., How.Lanp, Mrs. Henry E., Hoyt, CoLcAtTeE, Hoyt, WALTER S., Hoyt, GERALD L., Hoyt, Goon, Hoyt, Mrs. JESSE, HucGuHes, CHartes E., Humpureys, Mrs. EpwAarp WALSH, Huntineton, Rev. W. R., HupFeEt, J. CHRISTOPHER G., Hussey, WiLiiAm H., Hustep, Miss M. KATHARINE, Hustep, Seymour L., Jr., Hurcuins, Aucustus SCHELL, HurtcuHInson, Cary T., Hutter, Kart, Huvyter, JoHN C., Hype, Aucustus L., Hype, B. T. Bassitr, Hype, CLARENCE M., Hype, Dr. FrepericKk E., IncHES, GeEorGE B., pAnas,, I. AN INNESS, GEORGE, JR., InsLEE, Mrs. HELEN C., Irvin, Mrs. RICHARD, IsELIN, ADRIAN, JR., IsELIN, C. OLIVER, IsELIN, CoLumMBuS O’DONNELL, IseLIn, Miss GEorGINE, IsELIN, JoHN H., IsHAM, CHartes H., IsHAM, SAMUEL, Ivorx, Le. &, Jackson, FREDERIC WENDELL, Jackson, Dr. GrorcE THOMAS, Jackson, R. G, Jackson, SAMUEL MACAULEY, Jacos, LAWRENCE, Jacopt, Dr. A., Jacosus, Joun S., JACQUELIN, HeErpert T. B., JACQUELIN, JoHN H., James, ArTHUR CuRTISS, James, Dr. Rosert C., James, Dr. WALTER B., Janeway, Dr. Epwarp G., JENKINS, WILLIAM B., JENNINGS, FREDERICK B., JENNINGS, PHILANDER R., ZOOLOGICAL WSOCIE RY, JENNINGS, WALTER, JESTER, CLAUDE W., Jounson, Mrs. F. Corr, JoHNson, Guy B., JouHNSTON, J. HERBERT, JoHNSTON, SAMUEL D., JouHNsToN, WILLIAM J., JoLtinE, ApRIAN HoFFMAN, Jones, H. Botton, Jones, Dwicut A., Jones, Lewis Q., Jupson, H. J., KAHN, Louts, Kaun, Otto H., KALLMAN, CHARLES, KamMENA, WILLIAM L., KANE, JOHN INNES, . Kane, Miss Louisa LANGDON, * KANE, S. NICHOLSON, KeecuH, FRANK B., KELLEY, AUSTIN P., Kettocc, Mrs. CHARLES, KELLY, EUGENE, Kemp, ARTHUR T., KENNEDY, Epwarp Y., Kent, EpwIn C., KEPPEL, FREDERICK, KEUFFEL, WILHELM, Kipper, JAMES HATHAWAY, KILIAN, HENRY, KIMBALL, ALFRED R., Kinc, Epwarp, KING, JAMES GORE, Kinc, Mrs. Leroy, Kine, N. K., Kinc, WILLIAM F., KINNEY, Morris, KitcHinc, FRanK W., KITTREDGE, SAMUEL DANA, Kiaw, Marc, KLEE, BENJAMIN, KLEIN, ALFRED J., Knapp, Dr. HERMAN, Knapp, JoHN M., KNOEDLER, ROLAND F., KoENIG, JoHN J., KoHLMAN, CHARLES, KOGGE Aur bles Kos, Gustave F., KUHNE, PERCIVAL, KunuarpT, Henry R., Kut?trorr, ADOLF, Lacomse, Hon. E. HEnry, Lapew, Mrs. Epwarp R., Lacat, Dr. GEORGE, LAMBERT, Dr. ALEXANDER, Lampert, Dr. A. V. S., * Deceased. TWELFTH ANNUAE “REPORT, a1 LAMBERT, Dr. SAMUEL W., Lamont, Mrs. DANIEL S., Lanpon, Mrs. E. H., LANDON, FRANCIS G., LANE, Epwarp V. Z., LANE, JAMES WARREN, Lance, Harry W., Lance, J. D., LANGELOTH, J., LANGDON, Woopsury G., JR., LANGMANN, Dr. Gustav, LANGSPECHT, CARL, LATHROP, FRANCIS, LATTING, CHARLES P., LAUDAUER, I. N., LAWRENCE, Cyrus J., LAWRENCE, JOHN BurRLING, LAWRENCE, NEwso_p T., LAWRENCE, TOWNSEND, LAWRENCE, WALTER BOWEN, LAWRENCE, W. V., ILANINGS Ib IDE Lepoux, Dr. ALBeErT R., Lee, Mrs. Freperic S., Lee, Pror. FRrEDERIC S., Leg, J. Bowers, LEE, WILLIAM H. L., LEFFERTS, MARSHALL C., LEITNER, JACOB, LesH_Er, A. L., LETKEMANN, H. V., Lrvy, EMANUEL, Lewis, FREDERIC ELLiort, Lewis, Percy Pyne, Lewis, WApswortH RUSSELL, Lewis, Dr. WiLL1Am J., LrEWIsoHN, ADOLPH, Ibassiosg, (0) 1Bye LIEBENAU, ALBERT, LIEBERTZ, JOSEPH, LincoLtn, LowELt, LircHFIELD, Epwarp H., LiItTAUER, WILLIAM, LivINGsTOoN, WILLIAM S., LOBENSTINE, Wm. C., Lockwoop, WILLIsTon B., * LocAN, WALTER S., Lorp, Mrs. Grorce Der Forest, LoweLt, Miss Cartorra RUSSELL, LowELL, JAMES 'B., Low, ETHELBERT IDE, LUCKSINGER, JACQUES, LuEDER, A., Lusk, Pror. GRAHAM, LuTTGEN, WALTHER, LYMAN, FRANK, Lynpve, Francis E. P., * LYNDE, RoLiin H., * McALAN, JoHN, McAtprin, Mrs. CuHartes W., McA.pIn, GEorGcE L., MCGREW SiS: McIntyre, THomAs A., McKim, Rev. Hastert, McKim, Joun A., McKim, LeRoy, McKInNEy, GLENN Forp, McLEAn, JAMEs, McLean, MarsHALt, McVickar, Epwarp, Mack, Jacos W., MacHeEL, ApoLpH, Mactay, Mrs. Ropert, Mactay, Isaac W., Macy, Georce H., MaceEkr, JOHN, Macer, F. Rosert, Mau, WILLIAM, Marrs, Georce H., Matt, PIERRE, Mann, WILLIAM D’ALTON, Mapes, DANIEL, JR, Mapes, Ernest S., Markog, Dr. J. W., MAr.LING, ALFRED E., Martor, Henry S., MarsH, C. P., MarsHaALt, CuHar_es H., Marston, Epwin S., Martin, WILLIAM R. H., MarTINEz, Micuat R., MASsLeNn, RicHarp R., MatHews, THOMAS, MATTHIESSEN, Miss Marie, MAXWELL, ROBERT, MEHL, Henry, MEHLTRETTER, CHARLES F., Merssner, Cart A., MELLEN, CuHartes S., MERKEL, AUGUST, Merritt, Henry C., * MEYER, THOMAS C., MeEyrow11z, Emit B., MippLeprook, FREDERICK, MIKKELSEN, Mrs. M. A., pEMILHAUuU, Louris JoHN, MILBANK, ALBERT J., Miter, Mrs. CHartes E., Miter, RosweELt, MILLikEN, S. M., Mitts, AprRAHAM G,, Mitts, ANDREW, Mics) Ox MitmIne_, C. E., * Deceased. 22 NEW MircHeEL.L, F. KENDALL, MircHetit, H. RAYMOND, MoencH, Huco, Morrat, GEorGE BARCLAY, MontTAnt, ALPHONSE, MontcoMeEry, RICHARD M., Moore, CASIMIR DE R., Moore, CHARLES ARTHUR, JR., Moore, Miss Fairy, Moore, Dr. Joon W., Moore, Miss K. T., Moore, Mrs. W. D., MoraweEtz, VICTOR, Morcan, Miss ANNIE T., Morean, Miss C. L., Morcan, Epwin D., Morcan, Grorce E., MorcGan, Georce H., Morcan, Mrs. J. B., Morean, Mrs. J. PIERPONT, MorGan, Junius S., Morcan, Mrs. Junius S., Morcan, Dr. THomas H., Morris, Dave H., Morris, ForDHAM, Morris, JoHN JAcop, Morris, Dr. Lewis RUTHERFURD, Morro, Epwarp, Morse, Cuartes H., MortiMeEr, RICHARD, Morton, A. L., Morton, Mrs. Henry SAMUEL, Mort, Henry C., Mort, JoHN Bowen, Mort, JorDAN L., Jr., MUELLER, CHARLES F., Munroe, Henry W., MuRGATROYD, JOHN, Myers, JosepH G., Neitson, Dr. Howarnp S., NELSon, JAMES W., NeESMITH, JAMES, NEUMER, FERDINAND, NicHoLs, ACOSTA, : NicuHots, JoHn W. T., Nites, Ropert L., Nosie, ALFRED, Norrie, A. LANFEAR, Norton, Georce F., * NoTMAN, JOHN, Noyes, Mrs. Henry D., O’ConNELL, MICHAEL, Ogpen, CHaries W., Oxcott, DUDLEY, 2D, OxseNn, CHARLES P., OLYPHANT, ROBERT, OLYPHANT, Ropert M., YORK ZOOLOGICAL, S@GGIELY- ONATIVIA, JOHN VICTOR, O’RourkE, JOHN F., Osporn, Mrs. Henry FAIRFIELD, OUTERBRIDGE, Dr. PAUL, Ovens, LATHAM J., OvERTON, Dr. FRANK, Parnter, Dr. H. McM., PALMkR, S. S., Parsons, Epwin, Parsons, Mrs. Epwin, Parsons, H. bE B., Parsons, JOHN E., Parsons, WILLIAM BARCLAY, Parsons, WILLIAM H.., PATERSON, R. W., PATTESON, CHARLES S., PAuL, JoHN J., IDOI, WW VAS (O);, PEABODY, STEPHEN, PELL, STEPHEN H. P., PENDLETON, FRANCIS Key, PENFOLD, WILLIAM HALL, PENNIMAN, GeorGE H., IPA, ID, JAN, ID), PERKINS, GEORGE W., PERKINS, RoseErtT P., PETERS, CHARLES G., PETERS, SAMUEL T., Peters, WILLIAM RICHMOND, PFIZER, CHARLES, JR., PICKHARDT, CARL, PreL_, GOTTFRIED, Pret, MICHAEL, Prerce, HENRY Cray, PrerrEPoNT, Miss ANNA Jay, Prerson, GEN. J. FRep, PIncHoT, GIFFORD, Pratt, FRANK H., Piatt, Miss Marton ERSKINE, PLYMPTON, GILBERT M., Poccenpure, H. F., Potestz, Max, Pottock, GerorGcE E., Poor, HENry V., PorTER, CLARENCE, Porter, WILLIAM L., Post, ABRAM S., Post, Epwarp C., Post, GrorceE B., JR., Ios, MheSs Tal, ZN Woe Post, WituiAm H., PosTLEY, CLARENCE A., Potter, Miss BLANCHE, Porter, EpwArRD CLARKSON, Porter, FREDERICK, Porrer, Miss MarrHa, Ports, WILLIAM Brevoort, * Deceased. TWELFTH ANNUAE REPORT. 23 Pratt, GeorcE D., PRENTICE, JOHN HILL, PRENTISS, GEORGE LEwIs, PriME, Miss CorNELIA, Prince, Epwarp S., PRINCE, Pror. J. DYNELEY, PRYER, CHARLES, Putnam, WILLIAM A., Pye, JAMES TOLMAN, Pyne, Mrs. M. Taytor, QuINTARD, Dr. EDWARD, * RAND, GEORGE C., RANDALL, FRANK E., RANpDoLPH, EpMuND D., RANDOLPH, WILLIAM W., RANFT, RICHARD, RAPALLO, Epwarp S., RATHBORNE, RICHARD C., RaucH, WILLIAM, RAWLINS, J. ARMSTRONG, READ, WILLIAM A., Repmonp, Miss E., REDMOND, Henry S., REED, CHARLES, Reese, T. T., REIMER, Otto E., REINCKE, E. A., REINHARDT, GEORGE N., REYNOLDS, E. B., RrEYNoLDs, JAMES BRONSON, RHINELANDER, CHARLES E., RHINELANDER, FREDERIC W., RHINELANDER, Miss SERENA, RicHARD, AUGUSTE, RicHarp. Epwin A., Ricuarps, E. O., Riker, JoHN L., RIKER, SAMUEL, Riptey, H. Ditton, RIPLEY, JULIAN A., Ripitey, Louts A., Rives, GeEorGE L., Roppins, CHANDLER, Ropertson, Mrs. Fanny P., Rosertson, R. H., Roginson, Epwarp, Roginson, Ett K., Rosinson, G. H., Roginson, G. N., Rosinson, Henry A., Rostson, WILLIAM, Rockwoop, Witi1Am H., Roe, Cuartes F., Roe, Frank O., Ror, Irvine L., ROELKER, ALFRED, Rocers, E. L., Rocers, JAMeEs H., ROKENBAUGH, HeENry S., RoMAINE, W. Tyson, RooseEvELT, W. EMLEN, Root, Errnu, RosE, JoHN J., Rossiter, ArTHUR W., Rossiter, E. V. W., Rotu, FreperIcK G. R., RoTHWELL, JAMEs E., RoweELt, GeorceE P., ROWLAND, THOMAS, RUNGIUS, CARL, RuNYON, CARMAN R., RuPPERT, JACOB, Ruppert, Mrs. JAcop, RUPERTI, JUSTUS, RUSSELL, ARCHIBALD D., Ryan, J. D., RyLe, ARTHUR, Sie, |Koraxy, 1. 1b, SACKETT, CLARENCE, SackeETT, Miss GERTRUDE T., Sackett, Mrs. S. E., * SaGE, DEAN, SacE, JoHN H., SAGE, Mrs. RUSSELL, SAMPSON, CHARLES E., SAUTER, FREDERICK, SCHAEFER, HENRY, SCHANCK, GEorGE E., SCHANG, FREDERICK, Sui, (C, JB SCHEFER, CARL, SCHIEFFELIN, Mrs. H. M., SCHIEFFELIN, WILLIAM JAY, SCHILLING, Rospert H., SCHIRMER, GUSTAV, SCHIRMER, RupotpeH E., Scumipt, F. LEoporp, SCHNEIDER, G. E., SCHNIEWIND, F., ScHOLLE, A. H., SCHULTZE, JoHN S., ScHuUYLER, Miss Louisa LEE, ScHWARZ, HEnry F., Scott, Hon. Francis M., Scott, WILLIAM, ScriBNER, ArTHUR H., ScrYMSER, JAMES A., Sears, Rosert B., SEDGWICK, ROBERT, SER, AG By Seitz, ARTHUR, SELIGMAN, ALFRED L., SELIGMAN, JEFFERSON, SETON, ALFRED, JR., * Deceased 24 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. SEWALL, FReb. W., SEXTON, LAWRENCE E., SEYBEL, DANIEL E., SHapiro, D., i SHAW, CHARLES HERBERT, SHAW, James G.,. SHaw, WALTER W., SuHeets, Dr. E. A, SHEFFIELD, JAMES R., SHELDON, GEORGE R., SHELDON, WILLIAM C, Suipway, JoHN H., SHOEMAKER, Henry W., SHURTLEFF, ROSWELL Morse, SIEGEL, JACOB, SILLECK, HENRY G., Je Srtteck, Mrs. HENRY G., Jr. SILLIMAN, HARPER, SIMMONS, JosEPH F., Stmpson, JoHN W., Srmpson, WILLIAM, SINCLAIR, JOHN, SKEEL, FRANK D., SKIDMORE, WiiaM L., SLabE, Francis Louis, SMILEY, DANIEL, SMILLIE, CHARLES F., SMILLIE, JAMES D., Smitu, Dr. A. ALEXANDER, SmirH, AUGUSTINE J., SmitH, ARTHUR, SmirH, F. M., Smiru, H. SANBORN, SMITH, JAMES, * SmitH, J. HENRY, Smita, Lucius H., SmitH, NATHANIEL 5., SmituH, Puiu S., SmitH, Rosert W., Smitu, Dr. SAMUEL, SmirH, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, SMITHERS, CHARLES, SmitHeErs, F.'S., *SuyTH, Puinie A., Snow, C. G., SoLTMANN, E. G., SorcHon, Mrs. Victor, SouTHACK, FREDERICK, SPEAR, JAMES, JR., SpEDDEN, FREDERIC O., * Sperr, Mrs. Cecitia M., SPENCER, LORILLARD, SPIEGELBERG, F., SpITzNER, GEORGE W., SporrorD, Mrs. J. L., Sprinc, Miss ANNA RIKER, Spurr, E. W., Soups, CHARLES F., Sours, Dr. Epwarp H., STAFFORD, WILLIAM FREDERICK, STANDISH, MYLEs, * STANTON, JOHN, STANTON, JOHN R., Starr, Lours Morris, STEBBINS, JAMES H., STECHER, HENRY BALFouR, STECKER, ADAM A., STEERS, HENRY, STEEVES;/ JOHN F., StEIL, GEORGE H., STEINBECK, EDWARD, STEPHENS, OLIN J., STERN, ISAAC, _ STERN, VESTY J., STEVENS, ALEXANDER H., STEVENS, FREDERIC W., STEVENSON, Pau EVE, STEWART, WILLIAM R., STILLMAN, Miss CHARLOTTE R., STILLMAN, JAMES A., STILLMAN, THomAs B., a STILLMAN, We IB. STIMSON, Dr. DANIEL M,, Stoxes, H. B., .- Stokes, Miss Onivia E. PHELPs, Stone, Mason A., _SToNE, WALTER KING, Stout, ANDREW V., Stout, JOSEPH S., Stow, GEorGE G., STRANGE, A. B., * STRATFORD, Pror. WILLIAM C., STRAUSS, FREDERICK, STREAT, JAMES, STREETER,?‘D. D., JR., Srronc, PHERON G., _STuRGES, AIENRY C., STUYVESANT, RUTHERFURD, * SuLLIvAN, Mrs.. JAMEs, Sutton, WoopruFr, Swan, ALDEN S., Swayne, Francis B., SwENson, S. J., Taper, Miss Mary, . Tart, Henry W., TALCOTT, JAMES, TATHAM, CHARLES, Tatum, A. H., Taytor, Dwicut W., _ TAYLor, GEORGE, Taytor, Mrs. Henry Osporn, Taytor, Henry R., TAYLOR, HERBERT C., Taytor, JAMES B., vr * Deceased. TWELFTH Tay tor, Knox, Taytor, Lioyp, Taytor, Moses, TAyLor, STEVENSON, ienwey, C. H., Terry, JoHN T., Terry, Rey. RopErIcK, THACHER, Mrs. Grorce W., THACHER, THOMAS, THAYER, Harry Bates, Tuomas, Dr. ALLEN M., THomas, SETH E., THORNDIKE, Dr. TowNSEND W., THORNE, JONATHAN, THORNE, NEWBERRY D., TuHorNE, W. V. S.,, TirFany, Louts C., TitForD, Henry M., Titt, BENJAMIN B., Titton, JosEPH W., TIMKEN, J. HEnry, TIMMERMANN, Henry G., Top, J. KENNEDy, Dewi, Isl, Isl Tousey, WILLIAM, TOWNSEND, Epwin S., TOWNSEND, ISAAC, TOWNSEND, J. HENRY, TOWNSHEND, JOHN, Tows, Coz Downrnc, TRASK, SPENCER, TROSTEL, FERDINAND, TROWBRIDGE, FREDERICK K., Truax, Hon. CHartes H., Trustow, T. Brooks, TUCKERMAN, ALFRED, TUCKERMANN, PAUwL, Turnure, Mrs. ArTHUR, Turnure, Geo. E., TWeEDDELL, WILLIAM H., UnpbeErwoop, WiLLIAM LYMAN UpMANN, Cart, VALENTINE, Dr. WiLtiaAm A., VAN BEuREN, FREDERICK T., JR., VAN CorTLANDT, AUGUSTUS, VANDERBILT, ALFRED G,, VANDERPOEL, Mrs. JoHN A., VAN DER SMISSEN, Dr. G. J., Van EmeburcH, D. B., Van Nest, Mrs. ALEXANDER T.., VAN Nest, G. WILLE1T, Van Norden, THEODORE LANGDON, Van Norvden, WarRNER M., *VaN PET, GILsert S., Van WINKLE, Epcar B., Van Wyck, WILLIAM, * VARNUM, JAMES M.., a ANNUAL REPORT. 25 Verpi, Miss Mary, VIELE, HERMAN K.., Victor, A., VocEL, HERMAN, WADDINGTON, GEORGE, WaDSWoORTH, CLARENCE S., WapswortH, W. P., WAGNER, OTTO, Wacner, H. Wm. C., WaestarF, C. Du Bois, WAINWRIGHT, J. Howarp, Watcott, FREDERIC C., WALKER, GEORGE L., WALKER, GEORGE W., WALLER, ROBERT, JR., WaALsH, SAMUEL A., WANNINGER, CHARLES, Warsurc, Paut M., Warp, ARTEMAS, Warp, Mrs. GeorcE Capor, Warp, HENry C., Warp, J. QO. A, WARDNER, HENRY STEELE, WARDWELL, WILLIAM T., WarrEN, JOHN Hopart, WarreEN, Lioyp, WATERBURY, JOHN I., Watson, CHARLES F., Watson, Rev. J. Henry, WEATHERBEE, Epwin H., WeEavER, R. H., Wess, F. EGERTON, Wess, Dr. W. SEwarp, WEBER, CHARLES, WEEKS, JAMES, WELLS, OLIVER J., WENDELL, Evert JANSEN, WENDELL, GORDON, WENDELL, Mrs. JAcop, WERTHEIM, H. P. Westover, M. F., WeErtTMorE, EpMUND, WHEELER, Everett P., WHEELOocK, Dr. GeorcE G., Waite, ALaIn C., Wuirte, Horace, WuitE, JoHN Jay, Wuirte, Leonard D., WuiTte, S. V., WHitTeE, WILLIAM W., WHITEHOUSE, J. HENRY, WuHitTEHOUSE, WILLIAM F., Wauittne, Dr. CHarzes A., Wuitinc, Miss GERTRUDE, WHITING, GILES, WHITMAN, CLARENCE, WHITMAN, WILLIAM, Jr., ’ * Deceased. 26 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Wuirtney, Miss E. C., WITHERBEE, FRANK S., Wuirripce, F. W., WirrHaus, Dr. RupoteH A., WICKERSHAM, GEORGE W., Wotrr, EmMIL, WienNeER, FELIX F., Woop, ARNOLD, WatkkKaninisy «His JEL, Woop, GILBERT CONGDON, WILLeTts, JoHN T., Woop, J. WALTER, WiitaMs, Mrs. G. G., Woop, WILLIAM CoNGDON, WiLuiAMs, RicHarpD H., Jr., Woop, WiiiiAMm H. S., Wiuiams, Mrs. Percy H., Woopcock, EDWIN, Witiiams, Mrs. R. H., Jr., WoopuoussE, J. S., WILLIAMS, THOMAS, Woopwarp, JAMEs T., WILLIAMS, WALDRON, Worcester, WILFRED J., WittoucHsy, Miss Mary Carew, WariGut, J. DUNBAR, Wiis, CHARLES T., WricuT, Mrs. J. Hoop, Witson, Dr. EpmMunp B., WricHt, JoHN Howarp, Witson, GEorGE T., Wricut, Mrs. MABet Oscoop, Witson, HEnry R., Younc, A. Murray, WILTSEE, ERNEST, YOUNG, FREDERICK STAFFORD, WINANT, FREDERICK, Younc, Grorce W., WINCKELBACH, L. O., YounG, JoHN ALVIN, Winturop, Ecerton L., YounG, JoHN W., WintTHRoP, EGERTON L., Jr., YounG, RIcHARD N., WINTHROP, Ropert DUDLEY, ZABRISKIE, ANDREW C., WISNER, CHARLES, ZINSSER, AUGUST, Corresponding Members. Barzour, Mrs. S. E., Gotpinc, Cart. THOos., Brown, HERBERT, GRIFFITH, WILLIAM A., Brown, WILLIAM Harvey, SToNE, ANDREW J., GornisE, ©. Ji Witson, T. E. Exrop, M. J., Summary of Membership. MCMC LACKORS co who ictel oh nccake eke barteraiexey RS es calles cae ene 4 HOUMGEES. “a .cusetec peeiees Peet ears ceases aor a eects ai racemes 21 Associate Houndens a5 25... 20% 65 a dese ties @ alate, s eas orator 12 PAtEOIS 5 esis ode bei o'a 9 epee a wate Gene at oy See en eee 4I Lite. -~Members: ss..2., Ue ti ee Ratt eee eee 193 Afinisall: Mienitbeisc.-scisce yebtcetetie Gene ont cies heen ine ke 125 Corresponding vand Honoraty, Members 7.2.0, 18 Total. Membership josie) cinerea re sere eee 1,62 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. Qualifications for Reqular Membership. Annual Members ..... § * 10: Associate Pounders ... Life Members ........ 2OOy MH OUNGETS: “Soc: 5c 4: Fe OMS MAN 6 25 ule a OOO.” eneractGrs’ — >... .< Form of Bequest. .$ 2,500 get H0.0,6) 16) 125,000 I do hereby give and bequeath to the “New York ZooLoGicaL Society,” of the City of New York, ‘JOOg UOIT-eIG 24} pue spIIq Bulyoiod Joy asnoF{ plrq Mou dy} Surmoys “LYNOD GNIVa AO NOILNOd ~~ ee ee! Ri, cr Valdes, ATR v Mitr << Soe NNN RAR AARP RAR AR ARS RASS ao Ree PORE OF tire EXECUTIVE SCO MMIT VEE TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. HE Executive Committee of the Board of Managers of the New York Zoological Society has the satisfaction of reporting another year of continuous and substantial progress, especially along the lines of scientific work. The Zoological Park and the Aquarium have continued to enjoy an extraordinary measure of public approval, as is best evidenced by the fact, that during the year 1907, 1,276,041 peo- ple visited the Zoological Park, and 2,131,393 visited the Aqua- rium, making the striking total of visitors to the two institutions of 3,407,434. The cost to the City for providing amusement, recreation and scientific instruction to this great crowd was about five and one-half cents per visitor. During the past year the most important permanent improve- ments comprised the partial construction of the Elephant House ; the completion of the northern retaining walls, steps and balus- trades of Baird Court; the construction of the western approach to Baird Court; the construction of the Plaza at the Boston Road Entrance; the completion of the West Farms Block; the completion of the West Farms Entrance to the Park; the re- modeling of the Elk Corrals, Mountain Goat Corrals, and other enclosures for North American Deer; and the construction of important new walks. The construction of the Entrance Pavil- ions, Concourse Approach and Concourse at the north end of the Park is nearly finished. The membership of the Society on January 1, 1908, was as follows: PIM LAC COGS Main Newcee uaray et ed ose at aoe ik 4 ISNT Py sire tle eat accep ute $1,325:33 Income Account.—The Income Account has been heavily taxed during the year to maintain the work of the Society outside of that for which funds have been supplied by the City. It has been barely sufficient to meet the needs of the Society, and showed, at the rst of January, 1908, a balance of $100. The smallness of this amount emphasizes the constant need for an increased membership. General Fund.—The General Fund shows a_ balance of $1,706.80. Ground Improvement Fund.—On January 1, 1907, there was a balance in the Ground Improvement Fund of $313,580.32, and during the year $100,000 in addition has been received from the City; also $3,049.78, being the premium on the sale of bonds. During the year the sum of $266,873.05 has been expended, leaving a balance of $149,757.05 available for new construction at the Park. Maintenance of the Zoological Park.—The amount provided for the maintenance of the Park for 1907, $141,558.75, was, bv very close economy during the year, found sufficient to main- tain the Park. The City has appropriated for maintenance for the year 1908, the sum of $154,627.00, which is an increase of $13,068.25 over the year 1907. This increase in the maintenance was extremely timely, and was particularly gratifying to your Committee as proof of the confidence of the present administra- tion in the management of the Park. Maintenance of the Aquarium.—The amount appropriated for the maintenance of the Aquarium for 1907 was $45,000, which DWEEEEE ANINUAE REPORT 31 has proved sufficient to maintain that institution during the year. The same amount has been provided for 1908. Aquarium Improvement Fund.—A small balance of $900.67 remained in this fund on January 1, 1908, and will be scarcely sufficient to complete the improvements now going on. Detailed statements of the above accounts are set forth in the Treasurer’s report. Upon the closing of the Knickerbocker Trust Company, in which the Society had its funds, a new account was opened with the Farmers Loan and Trust Company on the same basis as with the Knickerbocker Trust Company. The accounts with the Knickerbocker Trust Company were closed up in a satisfactory manner by the payment by the Society of a net overdraft due the Trust Company, so that none of the funds of the Society are now tied up in any way. EVEPORTANT “GlETS TO THE PARK: The most important gifts during the year have been: A pair of Elephant Tusks, presented by Mr. Charles T. Barney; two Kodiak bears, presented by Mr. E. H. Harriman; a Yucatan deer, presented by Mr. William A. Lawrence; a donation of $3,000, presented by Mr. Frederick G. Bourne; $457, presented by Mr. Samuel Thorne, and $450, presented by Mr. Jacob Schiff. NEW BUILDINGS AND INSTALLATIONS. The construction of the Elephant House began early in the spring of 1907, and was prosecuted throughout the year with great vigor. Thus far the work of the contractor, F. T. Nesbit & Company, has been of the most satisfactory character, and the building bids fair to become one of the best and most mechani- cally perfect structures in the Zoological Park. At the close of 1907 the structure was about one-third complete. Work on the yards surrounding the Elephant House has been held up because of the financial crisis, but it is believed that the postponement is only temporary. The plans for the ironwork of the yards have long been ready to transmit to the Park De- partment, and as soon as conditions permit, a contract for this work will be let. The Public Comfort Building on the Boston Road is about four-fifths complete. At the latest this building should be ready for use by the spring of the present year. 32 NEW VYORK ZOOLOGICAL =SOCIEiN- The new Soda Pavilion, immediately south of the Aquatic Bird House, is rapidly going forward, and will undoubtedly be ready for use by the beginning of the business season of 1908. This structure is about half complete. The western approach to Baird Court was satisfactorily com- pleted in September, and was immediately made available for use. PLANS FOR 1908. During 1908 the Society hopes to complete the Elephant House and its surrounding yards, but as this is an undertaking of great magnitude, the work may extend into 1900. In the spring of 1908 the Concourse will be thrown open, and will afford ready access for automobiles and carriages to the north end of Baird Court. A large amount of planting will be necessary to carry out the design of this entrance, but it is hoped that it will be entirely completed during the vear. The plans for the Administration Building are completed and in the hands of the Park Department, and as soon as the condi- tion of the finances of the City warrant it, this contract will be let. With this building once in use the members of the Society will have a headquarters at the Park, and the privileges con- nected with the use of this building will greatly enhance the value of membership in the Society. ANIMAL COLLECTIONS. The collection of living animals showed for the year a marked increase over the number on hand at the end of 1908. The sum- mary is as follows: Miatainials 17sec se 188 Species 607 Specimens ITS ie cate ee kee BAR ai es 2,530 = Reptiles and Amphi- DICMISS trate eee: Lia 897 ‘ Gtalley = Saees ee 865 i 4,034 Es The most notable addition of the year consisted of an Indian rhinoceros, secured in May, of Carl Hagenbeck at a cost of $6,000. The specimen was then about a year and a half old. Unfortunately the sight of one eye was defective, but with this exception the animal has remained in excellent health, and has TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. oo grown Satisfactorily. It bids fair to make a good representative of this important species, specimens of which are very rarely seen in captivity. Two young African elephants were purchased from Carl Hagenbeck for $4,000, and have proved to be vigorous and healthy. The bison herd has been increased during the year by the birth of twelve calves, two of which, however, were born on the Wichita Forest Reserve in the new Bison Range which has been stocked by the Zoological Society. This represents a very high percentage of births for the number of adult female bison on hand on January I, 1907. With but one exception all these young animals are living and doing well. Comparative tables showing the relative numbers of living animals in our Park and in European Zoological Gardens appear on page 55. FORESTRY DEPARTMENT. During the year 1907 the most important planting operations were the initial planting of the West Farms Block and around the Boat House; the completion of the planting at the Boston Road Entrance, and the planting of the Italian Garden at the north end of Baird Court. Of all the ornamental planting in the Park, the Italian Garden is the most important and conspicuous. It consists chiefly of ornamental evergreens banked against tall red cedars of varying height, four groups of which surround an interior of flowers and box hedges. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. The Medical Department continues to reap the benefits derived from its constantly increasing knowledge of the diseases of wild animals. The death rate remains at the low mark of the past few years, and no animal of great value was lost during the past year. Aside from a mild epidemic of distemper among the small mammals, which was quickly controlled, no serious diseases have occurred. Tuberculosis among the primates still continues to be an unimportant factor in the death rate. This good record is due, in a great measure, to the careful quarantine regulations enforced. The health of the hoofed animals has been excellent, and the increased number of births among these animals during 1907 is the best indication that a healthy environment has been established. 34 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL, SOCIETY. EAST SIDE EXTENSION. The condition ,of the forest territory to the east "ore Zoological Park has continued unsatisfactory owing to the in- ability of the City to properly police it, and protect the trees standing on this newly acquired land from destruction. The Society is doing all it can to urge on the authorities the impor- tance of protecting this area, and some change in the status of this land will probably occur in the near future. BRONX PARKWAY COMMISSION. The law creating the Bronx Parkway Commission was passed during the year, and signed by the Governor, who thereupon ap- painted as members of this Commission, Mr. Madison Grant, as President, together with Mr. William White Niles and Mr. James G. Cannon. There is every reason to believe that the plans of the Commission will be carried out as soon as funds can be supplied by the City for that purpose. These plans in- volve regulating the Bronx River and its protection from, con- tamination. They also provide for an extension of Bronx Park northward for thirteen miles to the Kensico Dam, and include the entire erosion valley of the Bronx River. This will mean that the Bronx Lake and River in the Zoological Park will be preserved and protected for all time. If, by any chance, these plans should not be carried out, it will be only a question of time when the water supply in the river will either entirely disappear, or become so contaminated as to render its present use in the Park an impossibility. NEW YORK AQUARIUM. During the year the work of improvement at the Aquarium was continued. The work of installing a closed system of cir- culation by means of lead-lined pipes is practically completed, and will be put in operation early in the coming year. A feed- water heater for the boilers was installed, with a view to de- creasing the consumption of coal, and a bronze salt-water heater was also installed. The Aquarium continued its aid to the teachers in the Public Schools, which forms a valuable part of the educational system of New York City. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 35 On May 23, 1907, occurred the centennial of the construction of the original fort known as Southwest Battery, and after the War of 1812 as Castle Clinton and Castle Garden, and as finally The Aquarium. As on this day also occurred the two hun- dredth anniversary of the birth of Linnzus, it was made the oc- casion of a double celebration in commemoration of these events. INTERNATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL CONGRESS. On August 19, 1907, the Seventh International Zoological Congress convened in Boston. The regular sessions in Boston were attended by several members of the New York Zoological Society, who presented various scientific papers. On August 26, the Congress arrived in New York, and in the entertainment of the Congress during that week, the members of the Zoological Society took an active part. Thursday, August 29, was devoted to the Zoological Park and Aquarium. All the members of the Congress were personally conducted through the Zoological Park and shown its collections. Luncheon was served in the Lion House. In the evening the Congress was entertained at the Aquarium with a reception. NATIONAL COLLECTION OF HEADS AND HORNS. During the year the National Collection of Heads and Horns has been increased by numerous valuable gifts from American sportsmen. The most important accession was the famous Reed Collection of heads and horns of Alaskan moose, caribou, walrus, bear and mountain sheep. The entire collection was pur- chased by Emerson McMillin, Esq., and delivered at the Zoologi- cal Park, free of all cost to the Society. It has been stored, tem- porarily, in one of the rooms of the Lion House, which has been temporarily assigned to the collection of heads and horns. Mr. George L. Harrison, Jr., of Philadelphia, presented four- teen mounted heads of African antelopes and gazelles; Mr. J. R. Bradley, presented mounted heads of the Siberian argali, waterbuck, Coke’s hartebeest, impala antelope and Atlantic walrus; Mr. Madison Grant presented two heads of white mountain sheep which were collected at the most northerly limit of the distribution of that species, a pair of walrus tusks which are believed to be the largest known; Mr. Caspar Whitney pre- sented a head of wood bison, from the Peace River country, Athabasca; Mr. Thomas D. Leonard presented a mounted head of an American elk and numerous other gifts were received. ‘QATISIIG PUY, 24} Ul POY oY} WAOF MOU Woy} FO Joquinu Vy “MuUVd TVOIDOTIOOZ HHL NI GYHH NOSId AHL AO LaVd TWELETH ANNUAE SREPORT. 37 The number of gifts that have been received during the past year indicate a keen interest on the part of the American sports- men in the upbuilding of the National Collection of Heads and Horns, and it is now reasonably certain that the plan for two complete series of heads and horns of the ungulates of the world will be consummated within a comparatively short time. The collection will be installed in the Administration Building as soon as that building is ready to receive it, and at that time a special effort will be made to add largely to the collection. Mean- time the Society will be grateful to receive large specimens of heads, horns or antlers of game, all of which will be properly protected in a fireproof building. NATIONAL BISON HERD. On October 10, 1907, in accordance with the offer of the Society to the Government, fifteen bison were selected from our herd and shipped to the new range that has been made by the National Government on the Wichita Reserve. The shipment was accompanied by Mr. H. R. Mitchell and Mr. E. R. Sanborn, and the animals arrived in excellent condition. The Wells Fargo Express Company, the American Express Company, the New York Central and Hudson River R. R. Co., and the St. Louis and San Francisco R. R. Co., furnished free transportation for the two carloads of bison and their attendants, from New York to Cache. The Forestry Bureau of the National Government erected corrals, sheds, etc., in accordance with plans furnished by the Zoological Society, and every effort is being put forth to care for the bison in a scientific manner. The following letter has been received from the Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY. WasHiInGToN, D. C., February 4, 1908. Mr. Maprson Grant, Secretary: New York Zoological Society, New York City. Dear Sir: I wish to extend to you my sincere appreciation of the bison herd your society presented to the Forest Service. The buffaloes arrived in excellent condition at their destination in Oklahoma, and have thrived since being placed in the enclosure built for them. They were sprayed with crude petroleum and other methods taken to prevent their becoming infected with fever ticks. The animals are now being fed on alfalfa hay and are supplied with pure, fresh water from a well built for the purpose. I wish to assure you that your magnificent gift is keenly appreciated, and that you have my sympathy and admiration for the great work your society 1S doing. Very truly, James WItson, Secretary. 38 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. PUBLICATIONS. During the year the Annual Report and three Bulletins have been published and sent to all the members of this Society, together with a special August edition of the Bulletin, which was issued for the visit of the Seventh International Zoological Congress to New York. This issue of the Bulletin took the place of the regular October number. A pamphtet on the Na- tional Collection of Heads and Horns was also prepared and sent out to all members during the year. A new Guide Book has been prepared and has been sent to all members. GAME PROTECTION. The establishment of the Wichita herd of Bison has been the most dramatic event in the year in the direction of game protec- tion. During the summer the Secretary of the Society visited Alaska and traversed the entire interior of the country, giving special attention to the conditions of game. Mr. Grant’s notes on this subject and on the animal life in Alaska are published in this annual report. During the first four months of 1907, Mr. G. O. Shields was employed as the Society’s Special Agent for Game Protection. During that period Mr. Shields worked diligently with the legis- latures of thirty-five States, which then were in session, to secure certain amendments to their game laws which were deemed nec- essary, and also to secure the passage of certain new laws. Mr. Shield’s campaign to prevent the use of the automatic gun was continued, and it was chiefly through his efforts that the Penn- sylvania Legislature finally enacted a law prohibiting the use of that weapon. The same bill was introduced in the legislatures of several other States; but the opposition to its passage was so strong, and so well organized, that success was attained in Penn- sylvania only. Mr. Shields inaugurated a movement for the protection of the gray squirrel for five years, and succeeded in securing the passage of bills to that end in the legislatures of New York, New Hampshire, Indiana and Nebraska. Unfor- tunately, the bill which passed the Legislature of the State of New York was vetoed by Governor Hughes; but in the other States mentioned, the legislative action became a law. The Society’s agent contributed materially to the enactment, by the Connecticut Legislature, of a law prohibiting the spring shooting of migratory wild fowl. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 39 Owing to an unfortunate shortage of funds for game protec- tion measures, it was impossible to continue Mr. Shield’s services as the Society’s agent after May I, 1907. OBITUARY. The death*of Mr. Charles T. Barney, long Chairman of this Committee, was a great loss to the Society and to the individual members of this Committee. The Committee took immediate action in the matter, and the obituary notice passed by them at the time of Mr. Barney’s death is set forth in full below. To honor Mr. Barney still further, his son, Mr. James W. Barney, was elected to take his place on the Board of Managers. During the year the Society lost two of its patrons, Mr. Henry O. Havemeyer and Mr. D. Willis James, and also lost, through death, the services of one of its architects, Mr. George L. Heins, to whose skill the architecture in the Zoological Park is much indebted, and to whose interest in the Society this Committee desires to make public record. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The Committee desires to express its appreciation of the con- tinued devotion to the interests of the Society of the Director of the Zoological Park, and of the Director of the Aquarium. The staffs of both the Park and the Aquarium have been loyal and devoted to their work, and the Committee desires to take this opportunity to express its sense of appreciation. The Com- mittee desires also to acknowledge the courtesy and interest shown by the Mayor, Hon. George B. McClellan, and by the Comp- troller, Hon. Herman A. Metz, and to the President of the Park Board. The members of the Park Department for the Borough of the Bronx have been uniformly helpful and friendly toward the work at the Park, and special acknowledgement is here made to Commissioner Joseph I. Berry, to Mr. Martin Schenck, Chief Engineer; Mr. William P. Hennessy, Assistant Engineer, and Mr. G. K. Ackermann, Chief Clerk, and this Society, desires to record its appreciation of their co-operation. Respectfully submitted, Henry FArIrRFIELD Osporn, Chairman, MapIson GRANT, WILLIAM WHiteE NILEs, JoHN S. BARNES, SAMUEL THORNE, Percy R. Pyne, Levi P. Morton, ex officio. January 1, 1908. Resolution of the Executive Committee of the Board of Managers of the Mew York Zoological Society passed Movember 21, 1907 Charles Cracy Barney twho died at the City of New Dork, November 14, 1907, became a member of the original Board of Managers of the New Dork Zoological Society in 1895. Bn 1900 he was elected a member of the Executive Committer, and in 1904 twas elected Chairman of the Executive Committee, an office which he filled with great enthusiasm and a generous expenditure both of time and of monep until he was suddenly taken away from us. He was always most liberal minded, most hospitable to ret ideas, and kept before him at all times a large con- ception of the Park as an ideal civic institution for the pleasure and education of the entire public. Such a conception of the duties of citizenship commands our lasting gratitude and justly entitles him to a lasting appreciation on the part of the citisens of Mew Work. His fellow members on the Executive Committee desire to record their deep sense of personal loss, and their warm appreciation of his services to the Zoological Park and to the Zoological Society. Treasurer’s Reports. For THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1907. The annual expenditures of the various funds are shown tn the appended statements. @eneral Fund. Casiminmlireastinye Wantlaty de lOOZe nee ase cee RECEIPTS. SalemoOneAguantume ublicationss: 2a seeseess EXPENDITURES. MeiIneGSs (COMMISSIONS ene ae oe neces + aes lmeouve JNeeoirae (Anemeitem) booeaccadenedoods (Cacshmbalance, December 21, 1OO7. 1-24-20 eo H. R. MiTcHeELt, Chief Clerk. January 1, 10908. Bp ala hao Ae $6,039.32 Bet Totes Busses ote 38.20 $6,077.52 seperti AC $370.72 BS ober oot 4,000.00 Rae ee 1,700.80 $6,077.52 Percy R. Pyne, Treasurer. : 42 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Income Account. Cash in=ireasury,Jantanyeds, 1007 kee ee $406.81 RECEIPTS. life membership: sc. acqcne tun ees Oe sonata $800.00 AN rim ideale ANTES a evcnstePatc its) svac ernest eichere ORs a Seether tacks 12,250.00 Stokesepbinds tums ace coetcters terse te chr ene re 135.00 ANGER TAETAT jOEIOTCNHOMS coccoscccccccs0d0cacoouKs 58.64 General fund MCtranster) 95.1 oh ns yc rvayete 4,000.00 —-17,243.64 $17,050.45 EXPENDITURES IittermeSty SA pats sra ee erry tes cero pean eee $1,702.35 Sitationenyacandmonicemsuppliessanmaancae reece 520.56 Mrimitale Ne pot tie oy secre com ao eet tetera yess 1,929.86 CeneralRoliicemexpensesme ee eee eee ree 1,782.31 | Es Opp ch A i ty cee eRe Pe Eo eM CPt ee oR 2 178.55 WMlanillirac Cimenllanrs. 5 ooccdcoccocbondoo0suds doononet 274.24 Miuscellaneotsmexpensesmar ree re ceneterer cect: 530.33 Pinowoereaons ayaa! SINGS sooospecoucsocccoadcenc 1,005.27 INAS S OUNCES SINSMNGES soccconsausccaaboncoe 507.50 Brille tirye ceptors oa Aon ee act hee eee 1,345.78 Salanyot }Secretanye ans: eee ee eee eee 4,000.00 Gainle Sprotectiony exces e400 ae 100.00 Wein GEIR YSe Sith cooocscoepoacodsouncbucooeas 670.36 PN Cabin gq ilingly aaban Yas Gee eeme SIS nee gmc dn Sheen BR ar mete dee ed 50.00 leads candihonis: sees ere ee tee eae 892.71 Scientine. research) 7. Maclascis usc eee 226.54 Eimiploversamnc titan ccleaner ene eenee 459.35 ANGIE OMe ZICCOUWIMES pos oeb0c0cacoanv00eooe0coodOEL 150.00 Expense ot lectunesh «oat ccs: 6 teceee were coe Mie 159.25 leminccanurce Leb iat! Onan eee rae cei terne ene 220.08 Salary and ‘expenses of Wibrarian esse 465.50 Piblicatiomeaor, +Zoolocica a ae eene tenet 365.00 17,536.44 Cash balance, December 31, 1907................ 114.01 $17,650.45 H. R. MircHeE tt, Percy R. Pyne, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 1, 1908. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 43 Animal Fund. Sacimink li neasubys Jamuany Ty TOQO7s.c4.-4~ -c sacoeeciiee beens $1,355.16 RECEIPTS. Special Subscription: Predenick G Bourne ».....0.0 2... $3,000.00 Seumnpiell WMO ooouccasacacuse 457.00 Jaco). IBS (Se mibim gan ooooaeaes occ 450.00 $3,907.00 Receipts at Park: Rocking Stone Restaurant...... 500.00 faivilese: account 4 20. -scasta ss 3,000.00 A\GHOMISERGINE “eesao oe deans 6 cou 8,248.65 GINVEIS sth eas SNe a eet ee oe ee 25.15 LESISITMECS ose en ya epee 648.2 Miscellaneous <2. 2 aes toes 160.28 Salesomoamimials, << saiicc0s oa. % 2,335.50 $14,917.85 $18,824.85 $20,180.01 EXPENDITURES. Purchase of Animals: MIaNeITRAVIGY 6 oars eon eee neko aoe ane $13,982.55 IBSHERGIG bats Bact ache Cree ee SES 3. ie 2,382.75 IRGDGIIES eis ol Oe Sere eaten eee ee 655.55 $17,020.85 traveling and other expenses 2.5 o.s0cc6 sede ee 800.11 Epresscandotiter charees.4. «2200 +seoesneees 1,033.72 $18,854.68 @ash balance, December 31, 1007 :....<......-.. 1,325.33 $20,180.01 H. R. MitcHett, Percy R. Pyne, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January TI, 1908. 44 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL Flaintenance Fund. RECEIPTS, Received from the City on account of mainte- nance appropriation of $141,558.75 for the year Balance due from the City on account of main- tenance Generaliadnimistrattonweereereeeeerieceeem ee Maintenance of buildings and care of collections Maintenance and! care fof grounds..-5--..-.4--- Tools and hardware Paints and oils Office supplies and printing Repairs Telephone service and tolls Postage, telegraph and express Food for animals Fuel Drugs and medicines Lumber Miscellaneous supplies Plumbing supplies Electric lighting Fencing and netting Janitors’ supplies Glass and glaziers’ supplies Sanitation Horses and vehicles Surgical instruments and appliances Nursery stock and seeds Medical attendance, animals Engineering supplies Sand Office furniture and fixtures Rubber hose Nursery supplies Uniforms and badges Medical attendance, employees Ice Signs and labels Telephone and electrical supplies Cement! 8.2 aeed eta ee oo elie 01,0) 000) ,s)e) (> (018) spelini «| is) /elielio,(s/ (es) elle lelielle @)os/ ke) ‘ride! ollie Tele lolel/el vl eemevetivile OO Om Dio OG ODD ODO ©) (oe! (lo! flv elle elfelie, =ii/enis) sie leilelaltellicl\el on eiselielieiiee ohisiielie! eiieiedieive:co! lee) \#) clei! ele toile iveje)is’ (eee! e\ wikelie Jele\ne)ieje;elte]/elieulelielieks OCR OO AO Ci OeoloecO. mecnONo O80 OD GO) Oso Gor OAD. G0 G3 OeOiC D0. © sieliei{elielre Amiel (eire) oils) lel isiiie|re!lelisileiielleiertelielis ©} e |e!) 0! (e)1e! a,"¢, ols) else (e) 1s] 01/0) e/is! sits! /e|le) ee fells) ee: ©)\8) ©) (elle, \@ 0] | ©) «| oi0) ©) 00 ©) ,0\Je) 0 0 vl 'ellele) 0) ee ce: Oro00-0 Oni. 0 -O-o-Ord O OO OOOO OO Oto Oo DOD eiielieiie)(elisjuelelie! (allele! ellelle\ia) site) ste 2) 16] (e) | (e)\e/fa) ©) «) ce! (8) @)(0)/'»} 0/10) (elje]/e)(e) le (s/"e/[e!(e)(s\ (a) (s\(s)(eN/s)\6)6\ 6) = (a | 8/16) @) :el)of(e) (ee) fu)la: (eo) e}reliaj el, | 1s) ©) (9) fejiei ce!) 6) sis, Oroed it onc ro rd) Oecd 9) »\ (e}isiie) (e\Kelie) (alie|(=/») ele) |e uv) el.eiie\Kel isle DOO ODOON OOOO Uo OOD OOO moO oO MU isto OU OT OD OO MOO OOU ODO OO OOS DOGUO oD Uo oD faye) ie} le tele le! loielreyie!(ei\'6)(o))i6) (ailioria) ielallegielkelsiimiiel ie) (os) ioiks Nellie) sie) ie) levels sire) (a) Tauls Silejie/ 0; 'o: a (6.00 0; 0) eels aise! wre 6) 6.\s; [ol (elie) lOckamee errant ocmee eter 10,249.69 \WWenwese Ising wo) Beare IDSMS doacacososoccebace 1,163.33 Antelope ;Shelten Sccctcsenrn aan ere 1,617.44 Concounsey Entrance ee eee ne meeeee ee 718.24 Elephant House Walks and Yards.......... 4,754.39 Elephant (House cetormo ene een 7,159.25 Subway tEntranceses.tee sce or cece: 535.00 IDL Fp ech cc Kt Sunt Ne A Ne rnin a Tae Ae cnt 3,419.99 Zebra and Wild Horse Installation ........ 1,424.01 INCOM Cn (Cinsoneworny sooscoccocacns 1,007.56 Balance Available for Expenditure December BU, TOOT Mes i hcrarevrsasvater socal shel Ghee ev erarner ete H. R. MitcHELt, Chief Clerk. January I, 1908. Percy R. $479,170.35 $288,412.50 149,757.05 $917,339.90 PYNE, Treasurer. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. AY Aquarium Jmprovement Fund. RECEIPTS. Balance of $40,000 Appropriation as per Report of 1906...... $1,150.04 Geminis account sale Of Bonds, ..c.0neu sua. cs saccee fone ceee 13.50 $1,169.54 EXPENDITURES. Through Park Department: Barney & Chapman, Commissions........... $125.52 J. E. O’Connor, Removing Suction Line.... 135.00 Pay-roll, Chief Engineer and Labor........ 133.87 304.39 Balancelavaillablestorm MS xpenditunel sess esc ne cael 775.15 January I, 1908. $1,169.54 Ve Jo Ont, Chief Bookkeeper, Dept. of Parks. Aquarium Fund. RECEIPTS. Received from New York City on account of Aquarium ENPDLODUAt OMet OOO son price ec coe secs Gee Crees he oe $45,000.00 EXPENDITURES. 2 EAPSTEC INGE, wa ded get ata CR No CARI HERE RIE anon CR $30,117.21 G (ail re ee Re oe ati ies mote RA AR adae ad Mia Re ae 5,743.40 TG DISCINE” “3 yon Sore Re CEASE > COCSEa eae 161.08 Nligraomns eiael INGER ooooedobboossoo0s dhos0C 2,978.53 Generale Supplicstesmey tera ance soa tes ek 1,368.33 Slam @Oodmmmece et cee are are leh cleats Someta 1,765.85 Wiehe DECIIIENS) acy t ae coke ais ness hae ie Sey hts Ae 831.40 limeiakentall JESGISMIES Gaocooob sae oeebesaeooneene 200.00 Filectiarculbrohite, smear cre alee tee eee 415.93 IGG hes eect ar ee ae crc Ne eee fie eee g men eee er 38.85 Stamoneryrand Books? 5.0.5 oscil. shit asckien otk 159.90 (JIRIAIS TET TS Aspe Nara a Re EY 13.00 MIGMIB Tne macr teh ci istas vate a aiieio clas cae aioe oaaciens 49.00 Candee (igi ginal Chi) sescecdeconooasocongs 197.39 CGantarsems (eb iIS) sao hos eek ce oe oGen en fee 144.00 $44,183.87 Balencem tine pended 21.5 atayere Scenc sate ids 85 ot ace + 2 816.13 $45,000.00 E. R. Sampson, January 1, 1908. Disb. Clerk. Nore.—Unexpended balance reserved for payment of 1907 gas bill, the rate being undecided. 48 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL 2SOCiIniY: The Audit Company of New Pork, 43 Cedar Street We certify that the foregoing statements showing the condi- tion of the various funds of the New York Zoological Society on December 31, 1907, are true exhibits of the accounts. The items comprising the expenditures of $479,170.35 on the Ground Improvement Fund, Number 4, were disbursed by the Park Department. As this money did not pass through the books of the Society, the items have not been verified by us. THE Aupit CoMPANY OF NEw York. (Signed ) E. F. Perrine, President. (Signed) F. C. RicHarpson, Secretary. New York, February 27, 1908. New York, N. Y., April 10, 1908. To the President and Board of Managers of the New York Zoological Society : The undersigned who were appointed the auditing committee of the New York Zoological Society for the year ending De- cember 31, 1908, hereby report that they have examined the spe- cial audit of the books and accounts of the New York Zoological Society for the year ending December 31, 1907, made by the Audit Company of New York, and find that the report sets forth clearly the expenditures and receipts of the various accounts, and that all the accounts of the Society have been verified, except expenditures shown on Exhibit E of the Audit Company’s re- port, covering the Ground Improvement Fund, which expendi- tures were made through the Park Department, the moneys not passing through the hands of the Society. These expenditures, we understand, are checked by the Comptroller, and are not veri- fied by this audit. In its report of February 14, 1907, the Audit Company of New York called attention to the fact that the records of the Aquarium Fund were inadequate and unsatisfactory, the items in many in- stances being entered in lead pencil only, and recommended that a suitable cash book and ledger be obtained at once, and all entries made with ink. We have inquired as to whether this recommendation has been complied with and would report that it has. Respectfully submitted, W. W. NILEs, Chairman. C. LEDYARD BLAIR, Hucu D. AUCHINCLOsS, Auditing Committee. ROCKY MOUNTAIN GOATS IN THEIR RANGE. This herd has been living in the Park since October, 1905. HEAD OF YOUNG MALE ROCKY MOUNTAIN GOAT. LenOk ht OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK, HE progress made during the year 1907 brought the Zoo- logical Park to a state which may fairly be estimated as seven-eighths complete. Both the southwestern and southeastern corners of the establishment were finished, and the remaining un- finished sections were greatly advanced. It was impossible to make an ending of the extensive operations in progress im- mediately north of Baird Court, but they were carried to such a point that if planting operations can go on unrestricted every- 52 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. thing connected with the Pelham Avenue Entrance, the Con- course and its Approach, except the tree-planting, will be fin- ished in 1908. THE ZOOLOGICAL CONGRESS. The most notable scientific event of the year was the visit of the Seventh International Zoological Congress, on August 29, 1907. The foreign delegates, to the number of one hundred and ten, representing fourteen countries, extending from Australia to Russia, and including Japan, together with a large number of American delegates, spent the entire day at the Zoological Park. The building, collections and grounds were critically ex- amined; and it may be added that the institution, as a whole, never was in better condition to stand a searching inspection than on that day. The published results of this inspection by experts will naturally be regarded by the Society with interest. In this connection a letter from three of the German delegates to the Congress, which appeared over their signatures in a New York newspaper on September 3, will be of interest: To THE EpiIToR oF THE New York STAATS-ZEITUNG: As a supplement to your article headed “In the Lion House,’ which appeared in No. 208 of the New York “Staats-Zeitung,’ we take the liberty to send you, in a few words, the views of the German zoologists on your zoological garden. The article mentioned is incomplete, for the reason that it does not do justice to the many superior features. Among all existing zoological parks, there is none in which the animals are found in such absolutely natural conditions as here in New York. The extent of the ranges for deer, bison, etc., and the imposing flying cage, had the undivided admiration of all the scientists present. Added to this is the great number of interesting forms of animals, especially of the American fauna, and last, but not least, is the surprisingly large num- ber of individuals. The past attainments give a guarantee that the New York Zoological Garden, upon completion, is sure to take a specially pre-eminent position among institutions of its kind. (Signed) Proressors Braun, HeymMons and Borcert. LECTURES TO SCHOOLS. Early in the year the Director of the-Zoological Park received from the Bronx Borough Teachers’ Association, through Prof. Hugo Newman, an urgent request that courses of lectures be given in the Park, for the special benefit of the school children of Bronx Borough, in Grade 5A, as a part of their regular TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 53 course work. It was desired that the lectures should be based upon pictures of living animals which afterward might be found in the collections. The need for these lectures seemed to be so imperative it was decided that, despite the lack of anything even remotely resembling a lecture hall, an effort must be made by the Park officers to meet the demand. Forthwith, the large rustic Shelter Pavilion, near the Wolf Dens, was converted into a practicable lecture hall. By surrounding the interior with heavy black curtains, erecting a platform and purchasing the necessary apparatus, illustrated lec- tures were made possible, and the courses began on April 23. Three courses were delivered, to a total of about 3,500 pupils of Grade 5A, coming from thirty-eight schools of Bronx Borough. About 7,000 pupils of that grade applied for permission to attend the lectures, but it was impossible to accommodate more than one-half that number. Inasmuch as these lectures occupied regular school time, and were equivalent to so much classroom work, it was impossible to increase the number of lectures with- out interfering with other regular studies. The first course of lectures was delivered by the Director of the Zoological Park, under the title of ““An Introduction to the Study of Animals.” These lectures related wholly to mammals. Mr. C. Wiliam Beebe, Curator of Birds, followed with a course entitled “An Introduction to the Study of Birds,” and Curator Ditmars gave as the final course “An Introduction to the Study of Reptiles.” Each lecture was followed by a “demonstration.” This means that the three hundred and fifty to four hundred pupils in at- tendance were by their teachers divided into groups of from forty to fifty, and with a guide to point out the route, each group was taken separately over a course that had been laid out by the lecturer. On reaching each group of living examples, a teacher, who had been specially instructed and stationed there, pointed out the living animals referred to in the lecture and stated certain facts regarding them. All this involved a great deal of work on the part of the teachers. Each lecture required the presence and active co- operation of about twenty teachers, one-half of them to bring pupils to the Park and conduct them afterward, the others to demonstrate. Necessarily the demonstrators required to be in- structed in advance by the lecturers. To aid them the Teachers’ Association printed a pamphlet which contained a full syllabus of each lecture. 54 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The experiment, as a whole, proved intensely interesting. The zeal and industry of the teachers were inspiring, and the inter- est of the pupils was everything that could be desired. The most perfect discipline was maintained throughout. The members of the Bronx Borough Teachers’ Association, and especially Pro- fessor Newman, deserve great credit for their tireless energy in behalf of those lecture courses, and thereby giving their pupils the benefit of a study of living animals in their regular school work. The Zoological Society has received from the Board of Edu- cation of this city an urgent request that steps be taken to pro- vide, at the expense of the city, a permanent and commodious lecture hall in the Zoological Park, capable of seating at least 1,200 pupils, in order that the school pupils of Manhattan Borough may be enabled to share the advantages now enjoyed by the schools of the Bronx. It is hoped that at no distant day this request may be met. The disadvantages in the use of the Shelter Pavilion as a lecture hall are serious. ATTENDANCE OF VISITORS. During the year 1907 the monthly attendance of visitors, as recorded by the entrance turnstiles, was as follows: ANGARV I. 5. Ae Secs ao epee same skaters 39,469 Pebrlaty 262s cee oo ia er eee 27,580 IMDS RCH 176s fel of eaters Zc eed wees ce ee 67,258 VN 0) «| Cane Ie ese MPR Seen ore Sento cng 90,551 IVTAY price hates as Ook ees akc eR 161,486 WARN oe HENGE: Boi ota acta ree toe ota ae 168,034 Fully eit Sore tae eterna shane ie eae 187,875 AMI ISE) | Mite bre Pana Rese niieeien oie, ae ee 190,653 September. WEG pea te ee ea eee 126,520 Octobes’ wics.d tears eee = ee Ow eeder 90,713 November a .stiecrrece mies eats. ote ere ete 65,179 Decemiber 4:55: dec ey. tee sacsete tea eee 60,723 Total for the syeats., aa. .e'ee ree trae 1,276,041 Largest daily attendance, June 16, (Sunday), 36,052. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 55 ANIMAL COLLECTIONS. During the year the total number of animals living in the Zoological Park and on public exhibition passed the 4,000 mark. In the history of any zoological park or garden this may fairly be regarded as a very important event. The full number of living specimens on hand and in good health on January I, 1908, was 4,034, a full statement of which will be given later on. The total number of species represented was 865. In this connection the following table, showing the number of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians living in the largest zoological gardens of the world, is of special interest. For the majority of these records I am indebted to the official reports of Dr. G. Loisel, of Paris, on “Une Mission Scientifique dans les Jardins et Etablissements Zoologiques, publics et privés,” of Europe, 1907: ANIMAL STATISTICS OF THE LARGEST ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS OF THE WORLD. All as of Jan. 1, 1907, except New York and London, which are for 1908. I. RANKED BY NUMBER OF LIVING SPECIMENS, Reptiles and Institutions. Mammals. Birds. Amphibians. Total. New York Zoological Park 607 2,530 897 4,034 [SEG Ae ee 946 2,176 27 3,149 [LOCGGING [eae eeiah eee a one 873 1,621 478 2,972 Rhgladelpliia: ... =. 2... 2. 487 952 1,087 2,520 SIGNI a0) big ae ele ane ae 473 1,665 251 2,389 SCNGCMDTUMM oy. dan dccsee 593 1,351 171 2,085 0! C0 (C0 ee aie eee Te 424 1,479 98 2,001 (Sieh) 20 Mean ede er eae eee 592 1,067 184 1,843 Ei AhOnt sb 8205. ays ates 644 1,002 158 1,804 II. RANKED BY NUMBER OF SPECIES. Reptiles and Institutions. Mammals. Birds. Amphibians. Total. Pray eren cyt sake Sir). oe sce s 408 885 4 1,297 MPM OM ar yaie s hs Aosta 12 1a} Opiate, epee ges cAlk oe yet eee A 65 305 Za Gi)|0) Ou IONEcle a er raat cates ORC eRY SS Coa 10 185 FIN Oba acta Tate ogee esheets ate 134 897 The total census of the Zoological Park collections on De- cember 31, 1907, is as follows: SUMMARY OF COLLECTIONS. Species. Specimens. MiananimaallGs: tisateie 5 esse eros entice 188 607 BIE GAA et oats ee Bete ste anrionsesse 543 2,530 Reptales oeealleatane/faveete Te eer sco 1 PRO tall she se see a eee teres ana 06 | 41 | 11 | 23 5 3) || 113%9) Respectfully submitted, W. Rep Brarre, D.V:S., V eterinarian. ‘VIOSNINGd VUSVIV ‘AVE YATIAOW LV qaanLdvd YVAG VINSNINGAd GONDITION GE WILD LIFE IN ALASKA: By MADISON GRANT. HE opening of the twentieth century found the game in the old territories of the United States well on the road toward the conditions that precede extinction. The bison had been practically gone for two decades. The mountain sheep had been exterminated throughout a very large part of its original range, and the number remaining in remote mountains was sadly reduced. The wapiti, while still living in herds number- ing many thousand, was rapidly withdrawing to the vicinity of its last refuge, the Yellowstone Park. The prong-horn of the plains was disappearing with increasing rapidity, partly due to the increasing use of the barb-wire fences on its former ranges. This rapid diminution of the game animals of the United States was, and is to-day, the inevitable consequence of the settlement and occupation of the best grazing lands. While there remain mountains where the game is relatively undisturbed, so far as the killing of individuals is concerned, and while these ranges in summer appear well adapted to sustain a large and varied fauna, their actual capacity to sustain life is limited to such ani- mals as can there find sustenance during the heavy snows of winter. Before the arrival of white men, the animals, which lived in the mountains during the summer, sought refuge in the sheltered valleys and foothills during the cold season. These favored localities, however, were at once occupied by settlers, and the game was deprived of its winter feeding-grounds. In my opinion, this has done more in recent years to exterminate the large animals of the West than the actual shooting of individuals. During the closing years of the nineteenth century the Ameri- can people had obtained no little experience in game protection, and had embodied it in Federal statutes and the game laws of the various states. Of all the regulations established for the preservation of wild life, the most practical and effective have been found to be, first, the prohibition of hide and head hunt- ing; second, the prohibition of market hunting; third, and most important of all, the establishment of sanctuaries where game could roam and breed absolutely undisturbed. The most con- 126 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. spicuous example of such refuges is the Yellowstone Park, the unquestioned success of which is admitted on all sides. At the end of the century, the gold discovered in the extreme northwest of Canada and in Alaska brought these territories sud- denly before the public eye. Here was a district of enormous extent, lying at the extreme limit of the continent, and populated by a large and varied fauna, which was practically undisturbed. During the last ten years, thousands of prospectors and miners have gone into Alaska, and in many places worked havoc with the game. On the whole, however, the destruction of the game has not yet gone far enough to permanently injure the fauna of the region, provided the matter of protection is taken in hand scientifically and in the immediate future. We have in Alaska a gigantic preserve. In it there are not only several species rich in the numbers of their individual mem- bers, but also certain species which in point of size appear to be the very culmination of their respective genera, as for ex- ample, the giant moose. The brown bear group of southern Alaska certainly contains the largest bears in the world, not even excepting the great fish bear of Kamchatka, or the extinct cave bear of Europe. The largest known wolves are found in north- ern Alaska, and a wolverine of exceptional size has been recently described. When this great game region was first opened up, immediate legislation was needed to protect the animals from the deliberate onslaught of hide hunters in southeastern Alaska; of head hunters, who attacked the moose, sheep and caribou of the Kenai Peninsula, and of the market hunters generally through- out the coast regions. A game law, which certainly proved effective in making it difficult for sportsmen to hunt in Alaska, was passed, and a revision of this statute is now before Congress. It is not the intention to discuss in this paper the details of the proposed legislation, beyond saying that the measure is proposed by the friends of animal life in Alaska, and has the support of the best interests in that territory. The general principles of game protection, applicable to the situation in Alaska, are simple. It should be clearly understood that the game of Alaska, or of any other region, does not belong exclusively to the human inhabitants of that particular region, and that neither the white settlers nor the native inhabitants have any inherent right to the game, other than that conferred by law. The interest of the entire people of the United States, and to some extent that of the civilized world, is centered in the continued existence of the forms of animal-life which have come TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 127 down to us from an immense antiquity through the slow process of evolution. It is no longer generally conceded that the local inhabitants of any given district have a divine commission to pollute the streams with sawdust, to destroy the forests by axe or fire, or to slaughter every living thing within reach of rifle, trap or poisoned bait. This must be thoroughly understood in advance. The game and the forests belong to the nation and not to the individual, and the use of them by the individual citizen is limited to such privileges as may be accorded him by law. The mere fact that he has the power to destroy without inter- ference by the law, does not in itself confer a right. The de- struction of game is far more often effected by local residents than it is by visiting sportsmen, but the chief evildoer, and the public enemy of all classes, is the professional hunter, either Indian or white, who kills for the market. Worse still, perhaps, is the professional dealer in heads and antlers, who employs such hunters to provide game heads for the decoration of the banquet halls of the growing class of would-be sportsmen, who enjoy the suggestion of hunting prowess conferred by a selected collection of purchased heads, mixed in with those of their own killing. However efficient the game laws may be in limiting the killing to a given number of individuals, and to certain seasons of the year, or, better still, to the adult males of certain species, the only permanently effective way to continue in abundance and in individual vigor any species of game is, to establish proper sanctuaries, as thoroughly controlled as the Yellowstone Park, and these must contain both summer and winter ranges. In such areas no hunting or trapping, nor perhaps even dogs, should be allowed; and in them the game will then retain its native habits and breed freely, while the overflow would populate the adjoining districts. This principle has been applied in East Africa with brilliant success, where a protected strip of land on either side of the Uganda Railway is now absolutely swarming with game. Such preserves should be set aside in Alaska, while land is yet of little value. Districts should be selected where there is but little, if any, mineral wealth; and there are abundant areas of that description in Alaska. Certain islands should also be util- ized, particularly in southeastern Alaska. Beyond doubt such refuges will be ultimately established, but it is to be hoped that it can be done before the game has been decimated and the forests cut down or burned. 128 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL "SOCIETY: Another element in game protection is the relation of the Indian to the wild game. This problem is not as serious in Alaska as it is in parts of British Columbia and the Canadian Northwest, and is settling itself by the rapid decline of the Indian population. Indians, after they have been in contact with white men, certainly are extremely destructive to animal life. An Indian with a gun will shoot at anything he sees until his ammu- nition is gone. They seem to be entirely devoid of any idea of economy in slaughtering, even though they know that they are certain to suffer from starvation as a result of their indiscriminate waste of game. Any legislation, therefore, that gives Indians privileges superior to the whites is not based on scientific, but on sentimental considerations. To exempt Indians from the limitation of game laws in a dis- trict partly inhabited by white men, simply puts the white hunter at a disadvantage, and always results in a contempt for the law on the part of the latter. If an Indian is allowed to hunt freely during the closed season, he is usually employed by whites for market hunting. The game he kills finds its way to the white man’s market rather than to the teepees of the tribe, or is used as food by the Indian’s dogs, with the ultimate result that the food supply of the entire tribe is killed off for the benefit of a few hunters. The Indians of Alaska have, in the abundance of salmon, a food supply which is available throughout the most of the dis- trict, and are consequently not entitled to any special privileges. Alaska is, and for a long time should remain, the ward of the Federal Government—however distasteful such a course may be to some of its inhabitants. It is peculiarly the duty of the Federal Government to preserve and control the wild game of this na- tional domain, because the people of the United States as a whole are the ones most interested in its preservation. It is to Congress, rather than to the residents of Alaska, that we must look for the enactment and enforcement of suitable laws, and to avail of the last great opportunity to preserve our native fauna on a large scale. We no doubt in the future shall restore game and per- haps forests to many districts now stripped of both, but in Alaska we have our last chance to preserve and protect rather than to restore. The claim made by many western communities, that local state laws are sufficient, is being daily disproved by the inability of several states to control the small game supply left within their own borders. Colorado is a notable example of the rapid diminu- TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 129 tion of game under state control, where female deer and fawns are now being killed under the laws of the state. In Canada, British Columbia prides itself on the efficiency of its game laws, but the game is rapidly vanishing there, although in the eastern portion of that province it is the Stoney Indians, rather than white hunters, who are the chief destroyers. From the point of view of game conditions, Alaska is divided into two entirely distinct regions. First the Coast Region, from Portland Canal along the base of the mountains northward and then westward to and including the Aleutian Islands. The second region comprises the interior beyond the moun- tains, and is co-extensive with the region drained by the Yukon River and its various branches. The conditions in these two regions differ widely, and prac- tically all the sportsmen who go to Alaska hunt in the coast region. Those who cross into the interior are apt to confine their shooting to the headwaters of the Yukon in Canadian territory. The game on the coast between Portland Canal and Mt. St. Elias consists principally of bear and the small Sitka deer. There is an abundance of goat on the mainland close enough to salt water to be easily reached. To reach moose, caribou or sheep from the southeastern coast requires a journey over the mountains into British Columbia, which is seldom attempted, except from Fort Wrangell at the mouth of the Stikeen River. West of the St. Elias Alps and around Cook Inlet, the prin- cipal game animals are the giant moose and white sheep of the Kenai Peninsula, the caribou and bear of the Alaska Peninsula, and the bear of some of the large islands, notably Kodiak. It is in this district that the game laws require close attention and rigid enforcement. In the vast interior the strict enforcement of game laws is not so important, because the entire region drained by the Yukon is covered with heavy forests, and the population is largely con- fined to the waterways. Black bear, lynx and moose are everywhere abundant, but seldom seen along the Yukon River. Sheep are accessible from points on the upper Yukon, notably at Eagle, and caribou oc- casionally cross the river in herds. The game laws for this district should aim principally at the prevention of slaughter on a large scale for market purposes, and of hide and head hunting. There are very few sportsmen, and the miners and prospectors in the interior are difficult to control. 150 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Wolves—Wolves are abundant in Vancouver Island and throughout the interior. In the north, around the region drained by the Porcupine River, they assume very large dimensions, some skins measuring nearly six feet from nose to tip of tail; and a large percentage of these wolves are black. Coyotes have pushed north from the American boundary as far as White Horse, at the headwaters of the Yukon River. Foxes.—Red, cross, silver and black foxes occur in the interior. The two latter command enormous prices, in some cases as high as $1,000 for one skin. These animals are being killed off by the use of poison in the hands of white men, and many more are destroyed than are recovered. The natives are afraid to use poison, owing to several tragedies which have occurred from its careless handling. Along the Arctic and Bering Sea coast white foxes abound, and blue foxes are found from the mouth of the Yukon River southward, their center of abundance being Nelson Island, in Bering Sea, near the mouth of the Kuskokwim River. Bear.—Bear are extremely abundant in Alaska, especially on the Pacific Coast. Their great numbers are probably due to the fact that they have an abundant food supply in the great schools of salmon that ascend the rivers. Before the arrival of the salmon, these bear, like the grizzlies of our own Rockies, feed on spermophiles and grass. During the salmon season they are easily found and killed by hunters, and as this occurs during the summer season, their fur is of very little value. The period of the salmon run, in fact the entire summer, should be made a closed season for bear throughout this district. Owing to the recent decline in the price of bear skins these splendid animals have been hunted rather less than formerly. The black bear occur in Vancouver and Queen Charlotte Is- lands, but, as far as I know, do not occur in any of the large islands north. They are, however, found along the mainland of the southeastern coast, and found everywhere throughout the interior in the timbered region. The blue or glacier bear is found rarely around the glaciers of the Mt. St. Elias region. Grizzlies occur in considerable numbers along the mainland of the coast as far north as Skagway, and are found in relatively small numbers throughout the interior. There are very few erizzly bear on the Seward Peninsula, and I was unable to get any skulls or to obtain any definite data concerning them. This bear may prove an interesting type if a sufficient series of specimens could be obtained. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 13 There is a huge bear found on the large islands around Juneau and Sitka which has been described as a separate species, and its numbers are indicated by the fact that about seventy-five animals, the majority being of this species, are killed annually around Juneau. The brown bear group extends from this point westward along the south coast of Alaska, out into the Alaska Peninsula. Several species have been described, but they can all be safely grouped together under the common designation of Alaska brown bear. They extend far up the Copper River, but I could not obtain any definite record of the occurrence of members of this group north of the mountain region and in the area drained by the Yukon. Polar bear occur quite abundantly north of Bering Straits. Occasionally they are found on the Seward Peninsula, and occur as far south as St. Matthew’s Island, in the middle of Bering Sea. Caribou.—Caribou of several species are found more or less numerously throughout Alaska, and occur in herds around the upper Yukon, with localities of especial abundance such as the head of Forty Mile River. An examination of the antlers found at various points, from the upper Yukon River to the sea, would indicate an almost complete transition of antler type from the Woodland (Osborn) caribou, to the Barren Ground (Grant) cari- bou. A further study of the caribou of this region will ultimately lead to a merging of the various species. The work of Charles Sheldon, who is now studying sheep in the Mt. McKinley district, has broken down the specific distinction of the sheep in Alaska in the same way. That caribou were formerly very abundant on the Seward Peninsula is proved by the abundance of bleached skulls and cast antlers, apparently about twenty or twenty-five years old. The cause of their disappearance is as yet an unsolved problem. The possession of firearms by the natives, first obtained from whalers, is by some considered as the cause, and by others epidemics. The natives themselves claim that about a generation ago the winter cold continued throughout an entire year, and all the caribou perished in consequence. All these explanations leave much to be desired, as there is an abundance of caribou in the wooded district at the eastern end of the Peninsula, and the explanation of the fact that in the course of all these years the caribou have not wandered back to their old feeding grounds re- mains a mystery. A few scattered individuals at the very most 132 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOGIERY: are all that have been seen since the founding of Nome, seven or eight years ago. Domestic reindeer have been introduced into Alaska success- fully, and form a valuable resource for the natives. I, however, saw nothing of them beyond the fact that their meat forms a part of the menu in the various restaurants at Nome. Moose.—Moose occur everywhere throughout Alaska within the timbered region, but seldom leave the shelter of the woods. They extend close to the Arctic Ocean in the north, and occa- sionally wander far out on the Alaska Peninsula. The giant moose occurs on the Kenai Peninsula, but it is probable that this animal is only an outlying member of the type species, which in that district, for some unknown reason, produces antlers of ex- traordinary size and complexity. A few instances of moose with antlers of great size are known in the interior, but it is a matter of doubt whether or not in bodily size the Kenai Peninsula moose excels that of his kin in the interior, or in the Yukon Territory. Mountain Sheep.—Sheep occur everywhere in the mountain regions throughout Alaska, being especially abundant in the country around the upper Yukon and around Mt. McKinley; ex- tending thence as far south and west as the Kenai Peninsula. They also occur on the upper Porcupine River, but the great Yukon Valley in its lower reaches is without sheep. Mountain Goat.—Goat occur throughout the mainland from the American boundary north, but are never found, as far as I know, on any of the islands lying close along the coast in south- eastern Alaska. In size and abundance the mountain goat ap- pears to culminate in the region around the White Horse Pass, where they are very abundant. They can still be seen within a half day’s march of Skagway. They occur in abundance around the St. Elias Alps, and extend as far west as the head of Cook Inlet. I only heard of one doubtful case of Kennedy’s goat, the horns of which have been described as lyrate. Walrus and Whales—Walrus are found every winter and spring in the Bering Sea, and many are killed at that season by the natives for the ivory, which sells at a dollar a pound. The walrus formerly extended down to the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands, but the rookeries there have been destroyed. This great mammal should receive absolute protection in the entire Bering Sea region, except on the Pribilof Islands, where only a few are annually killed by the natives. Whales and porpoises occur in great abundance along the inside passage between Puget Sound and Lynn Canal and are PWELEFTH ANNUAL, REPORT. 135 interesting and harmless. There are now two plants on Van- couver Island very profitably engaged in killing whale of all sizes and converting them into fertilizer. A new plant has just been established near Juneau, where whales are especially abun- dant. It would be an easy matter to protect these animals, especially with the co-operation of the Canadian authorities, throughout the inland passages and oceanward as far as the three mile limit. Protective legislation of this sort should be urged. Fossils —In any review of the present game conditions of the vast territory comprised within the district of Alaska and the Canadian Territory of the Yukon, a few remarks on the former occurrence of related forms are not without interest. Bones of large extinct mammals, more or less fossilized, occur in abundance throughout the entire valley drained by the Yukon River from Dawson down, and in the valleys of the Colville and Porcupine Rivers, and in still greater abundance on the Seward Peninsula, that projection of Alaska which reaches to within sixty miles of Siberia. Throughout this enormous area remains of the mammoth and bison occur in such numbers as to indicate former herds of great size. We find also a smaller number of remains of horses, sheep, and at least two species of musk-ox, together with a deer closely related to our wapiti. Teeth of mastodon, although very rare as compared with those of the mammoth, indicate the former existence of that animal. It is perfectly evident that in times comparatively recent, from a geological point of view, perhaps from 10,000 to 25,000 years ago, Alaska had a fauna of large mammals not altogether dis- similar to existing animals of North America and northern Asia. The mastodon and mammoth, of course, no longer exist on this continent, but the latter is little more than a hairy relative of the Indian elephant thoroughly fitted to meet boreal conditions, and the horses in Alaska were probably not unlike the wild Prjevalsky horses of Asia to-day. The ancient Alaskan deer were probably related to the wapiti, which swarmed over our American plains within the memory of living man, and the fossil remains of caribou and moose do not in- dicate any great departure from the living forms of those animals. Sheep still occur abundantly in Alaska, and the musk-ox, while no longer found in Alaska, inhabits the no less inhospitable re- gions of the Barren Grounds of North America and the land masses lying still further north. Bison skulls are quite common, and indicate an animal much larger, but probably ancestral to our living buffalo. The history 134 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL, SOCIERY. of the American bison, which migrated in summer as far north as the Saskatchewan and southward in winter to the Mexican border, suggests that it is quite possible that these animals did not habitually spend the winter in Alaska, but on the approach of the cold season migrated southward to warmer climates, or crossed into Siberia on the former land connection over what are now Bering Straits. If this hypothesis be correct, the climate of Alaska during the Pleistocene and recent periods, may not have radically differed from the climate of to-day. The extension of placer mining in Alaska, when conducted in a more systematic manner than at present, will undoubtedly bring to light other forms of large mammals, most probably types re- lated to those already mentioned, together with the remains of carnivorous types. BY-LAWS OF THE NEW YORKEZOOLOGICAL, SOGIE TY AMENDED TO JANUARY 15, 1907. AKER, I MEETINGS OF THE SOCIETY. SecTIon I. The office and place of business of the New York Zoologi- cal Society shall be in the City of New York, unless otherwise ordered. Sec. 2. The Society shall hold its annual meeting for the election of Managers, and other business, on the second Tuesday of January, or such day thereafter during the month of January to which said annual meeting shall adjourn. Sec. 3. Special meetings of the Society shall be called by the Secre- tary, upon the request of the President or the Chairman of the Executive Committee, or at the written request of ten members. Sec. 4. Notices of all meetings shall be mailed to each member of the Society at least three days before such meeting. Sec. 5. At meetings of the Society twenty members shall constitute a quorum. Sec. 6. The order of business shall be as follows: . Roll call. . Reading of minutes not previously read. . Report of Executive Committee. Report of Secretary. Report of Treasurer. Report of the Director of the Zoological Park. . Report of Director of the Aquarium. Election of Managers. Communications. . Miscellaneous business. . Reports and resolutions. HOON DNA wW DH alien! ARTICER Ur BOARD OF MANAGERS. Sec. 1. The Board of Managers shall consist of thirty-six members, together with the Mayor of New York and President of the Park Board, or Commissioner for the Bronx, who shall be members e.-officio of the Board. Sec. 2. Nineteen Managers shall constitute a quorum, but ten man- agers may transact current business, and adjourn, subject to the subse- quent approval of a meeting at which a quorum shall be present. Sec. 3. The Board of Managers shall hold an annual meeting on the third Tuesday of January, or on such day thereafter to which said annual meeting shall adjourn. Regular meetings of the Board may also be called by the Secretary on the third Tuesdays of October and April upon the request of the President or Chairman of the Executive Committee. 136 NEW--YORK . ZOOLOGICAL} SOCIE EY. Special meetings of the Board shall be called at any time by the Secretary, upon the request of the President or Chairman of the Executive Com- mittee, or at the written request of five Managers. Sec. 4. Notices of meetings of the Board shall be mailed to each Manager at least three days before such meetings. Sec. 5. The successors to the outgoing class of Managers shall be elected by the Society at its annual meeting, but vacancies in the Board may be filled for the unexpired term by the Board of Managers, or by the Executive Committee. Sec. 6. A Nominating Committee shall be annually appointed by the Executive Committee, and shall consist of three members of the Society at large, who shall nominate and post ten days before the annual election the names of twelve persons to succeed the outgoing class of Managers in a conspicuous place in the office of the Society. Sec. 7.. No person shall be eligible for election to the Board of Man- agers, except to fill vacancies, unless his name shall have been posted as a candidate by such Committee, or by not less than ten members, in writing, in a conspicuous place in the office of the Society ten days before the annual election. All candidates for election as Managers must be Life Members, Patrons, Associate Founders, or Founders of the Society. Sec. 8. Any Manager who shall fail to attend three consecutive meet- ings of the Board, unless excused by vote of the Board, shall cease to be a Manager. Sec. 9. The Board of Managers shall at its annual meeting elect a President, two Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, who shall hold office for one year, or until their successors are elected. The Presi- dent, Vice-Presiderits; and Treasurer shall be members of the Board. Sec. 10. The Director of the Zoological Park, the Director of the Aquarium, and all other persons employed by the Society, shall be ap- pointed by the Board or by the Executive Committee, and shall hold office during the pleasure of the Board. Sec. 11. The Board shall, at its annual meeting, elect an Executive Committee and Auditing Committee, which shall hold office for one year, or until their successors are elected. The Board of Managers and the Executive Committee shall also have authority to appoint such other Com- mittees or Officers as they may at any time deem desirable, and to dele- gate to them such powers as may be necessary. Sec. 12. The order of business of the meetings of the Board shall be as follows: Roll call. Reading of minutes not previously read. Report of Executive Committee. Report of Secretary. Report of Treasurer. Report of Auditing Committee. Report of Director of the Zoological Park. Report of Director of the Aquarium. Election of Officers. 10. Election of Committees. 11. Election of new members. 12. Communications. _ 13. Miscellaneous business. NS) TSO SES WO Sec. 13. All reports and resolutions shall be in writing, and the ayes and nays may be called on any resolution at the request of one Manager. Sec. 14. Whenever the funds of the Society shall permit, the Board of Managers or the Executive Committee may award medals or other prizes for meritorious work connected with the objects of the Society. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. Wy ARMICEE Ul OFFICERS. Sec. 1. The officers of the Society shall consist of a President, two Vice-Presidents, a Treasurer, a Secretary, and a Director of the Zoological Park. These officers, with the exception of the Director, shall be elected at the annual meeting of the Board of Managers, but any vacancy may be filled for an unexpired term by the Board of Managers, or by the Executive Committee, until the next annual election. Sec. 2. The President shall preside at all meetings of the Board and of the Society, and shall be ex-officio a member of the Executive and Auditing Committees. Sec. 3. The Vice-Presidents shall, in the absence of the President, perform his duties and possess his powers, acting in the order of their election. Sec. 4. The Treasurer shall receive, collect and hold, subject to the order of the Board of Managers, or the Executive Committee, all dues, subscriptions, warrants from the City, fees and securities. He shall pay all bills as ordered by the Board of Managers or the Executive Committee, and shall report to the Society at its annual meeting, and to the Board of Managers at all regular meetings, and to the Executive Committee at each meeting. He shall keep all moneys and securities in some bank or trust company to be approved by the Board of Managers or Executive Com- mittee. The books of the Society shall at all times be open to the inspec- tion of the Managers. Sine, &5) dln Secretary shall be a salaried officer of the Society. He shall be present, unless otherwise relieved by the Board or Executive Committee, at all meetings of the Society, of the Board, and of the Stand- ing Committees. He shall keep a careful record of all proceedings, shall have the custody of the seal, archives and books, other than books of account, and shall conduct the correspondence of the Society. He shall issue all notices and tickets, and shall perform such other duties as the Board may direct. He shall be a member ex-officio of the Executive, Aquarium, and Auditing Committees, and of the Scientific Council. Sec. 6. The Director of the Zoological Park shall be elected annually by the Executive Committee at a salary to be determined by said Com- mittee, and paid monthly from eee of the Society. He shall be the responsible administrative officer of the Park, and shall recommend to the Executive Committee candidates for the various positions in the Park. He shall also perform all such other duties in connection with the business, scientific, and literary administration of the Society as may be assigned to him by the Executive Committee. Sec. 7. The Director of the Aquarium shall be elected annually by the Executive Committee, and shall hold office until removed or his suc- ‘cessor is chosen by said Committee. He shall be the responsible admin- istrative officer of the Aquarium, and shall recommend to the Executive Committee all candidates for positions in the Aquarium. The Director of the Aquarium shall be e+-officio a member and Chairman of the Aqua- rium Committee. He shall perform such other duties in connection with the Aquarium as may be assigned to him by the Executive Committee. AR CEB IV: COMMITTEES. Sec. 1. There shall be two standing committees, the Executive Com- mittee and the Auditing Committee, which shall hold office for one year or until their successors are elected. 138 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Sec. 2. The Executive Committee shall consist of seven Managers, together with the President and Secretary of the Society ex-officio. Four members shall constitute a quorum, and all meetings shall be called by the Chairman. The Executive Committee shall fill all vacancies in its own number and shall have the full powers of the Board of Managers, except so far as such delegation of power may be contrary to law. Sec. 3. The Executive Committee shall have the control and regula- tion of the collections, library, and all other property of the Society, and shall have power to purchase, sell, and exchange specimens and books, to employ and control all officials and employees of the Society, Park, and Aquarium, and generally to carry out in detail the directions of the Board of Managers and the terms of any contract between the City, or Park Board, and the Society. Sec. 4. All the rules and regulations for the examination of applicants for the various positions in the Park and Aquarium shall be made or ap- proved by the Executive Committee. Sec. 5. The Executive Committee may regulate the auditing and pay- ment for all current accounts. Sec. 6. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint an Aqua- rium Committee, whose duties and powers are set forth in Section 11 of Article IV of these By-Laws. Sec. 7. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint a Nominat- ing Committee, whose duties and powers are set forth in Sections 6 and 7, Article II, of these By-Laws. Sec. 8. It shall also appoint a Scientific Council, whose powers and duties are set forth in Section 2 of Article V of these By-Laws. Sec. 9. The Committee shall make a written report at each regular meeting of the Board of Managers. Sec. 10. The Auditing Committee shall consist of three regular mem- bers of the Society, in addition to the President and Secretary, members ex-officio, and vacancies shall be filled by the Executive Committee. It shall be the duty of the Auditing Committee to audit, annually, the accounts of the Treasurer, of the Director of the Zoological Park, and of the Director of the Aquarium, and any other accounts of the Society and shall report to the Board of Managers at its annual meeting. Sec. 11. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint an Aqua- rium Committee, not to exceed eight members of this Society, who shall hold office until their successors are chosen. All vacancies shall be filled by the Executive Committee. The Director of the Aquarium shall be ex-officio a member and the Chairman of the Aquarium Committee, and such Committee may vest in him any or all of its powers. The Chairman of the Executive Committee and the Secretary of the Society shall also be ex-officio members of the Aquarium Committee. Three members shall constitute a quorum. The Executive Committee may delegate to the Aquarium Committee such powers as it may deem proper. ARTICLE. V. SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL, Sec. 1. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint a Scientific Council of not more than ten members, and shall fill all vacancies. Mem- bers of the Council shall hold office until their successors are appointed. Sec. 2. The duties of the Council shall be to act as an advisory board in all matters pertaining to the scientific administration of the Society, and especially as to the scientific features of the Park, the promotion of zoology by publications and otherwise, and the preservation of the native fauna of America. Sec. 3. Four members, including the Chairman, shail constitute a TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 139 quorum. The Chairman shall be elected annually by the Council. The Chairman of the Executive Committee and the Secretary of the Society shall be members ex-officio of the Council. ARTICEE Vi MEMBERS. Sec. 1. The present members and such others as shall become asso- ciated with them, under the conditions prescribed by the By-Laws, shall be members of this Society as long as they shall comply with the By-Laws. Sec. 2. Members failing to comply with these By-Laws, or for other good and sufficient cause, may be expelled from the Society by the Execu- tive Committee. Sec. 3. Candidates for membership shall be proposed and seconded by members of the Society. The name, occupation, and place of residence of every member as proposed shall be submitted for election to the Board of Managers or the Executive Committee, and such person, when elected, shall become a member upon payment of the annual dues, or of the fees as prescribed below. Sec. 4. The annual dues shall be ten dollars, payable in advance, on the first day of May of each year, but the Executive Committee may remit the dues for the current year in the case of members elected between Jan- uary Ist and May Ist of each year. The classes of membership shall be as follows: Sec. 5. The payment of $200 at one time shall constitute any member a Life Member. Sec. 6. The payment of $1,000 at one time, or in the case of a Life Member, of $800, shall constitute any member a Patron. Sec. 7. ‘The payment of $2,500 at one time, or in the case of a Patron of $1,500, or of a Life Member of $2,300, shall constitute any member an Associate Founder. Sec. 8. Any member who shall donate to the Society $5,000, or prop- erty of equal value, or any Associate Founder who shall donate $2,500, or any Patron who shall donate $4,000, may be elected by the Board of Man- agers or Executive Committee a Founder. Sec. 9. Any member who shall have donated to the Society ten thou- sand dollars ($10,000), or its equivalent, may be elected by the Board of Managers or the Executive Committee a Founder in Perpetuity. Such Founder in Perpetuity shall have the power to designate by a last will and testament his successor, who shall thereupon be entitled to all the rights and privileges of the original Founder in Perpetuity, including the right of designating in turn his successor. Sec. to. Any member who shall donate to the Society $10,000, or any Founder who shall donate $5,000, may be elected by the Board of Man- agers or Executive Committee a Benefactor. A Benefactor shall have all the rights and privileges of a Founder in Perpetuity. Sec. 11. Persons who have rendered marked service in the science of zoology or natural history may be elected Honorary Members, but not more than three such Honorary Members shall be elected in any one calendar year. Sec. 12.