Boe HARVARD SUNIVERSITY. Lit B RA Bh OY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 13866 GIFT OF ALEXANDER? AGASSIZ. fky ates Fl i = j / va) : ( { \ ! ( ki ro : f { i j ) i b, j 7 L ' *: it ‘ ‘y ’ it f i < oe 4 ' x ' F i y in hl) ys i ‘4 ; » : U if i ‘ } i hatha iy 1 f } / m ‘ j i ) Dy ' i \ a : Shy L i, AUN Ver cy ute) j u ‘fa WE of " Thal ‘ | se a Way ‘i 1) ai, i \ ot es te, ; ii / i f ¥ it 7 ro it fl i) 7 h i ia Ay ‘ Ben if anit 1 vi iW it} ee it By \ <} F { j ‘ i ef j : ? Y f ‘ } . wy may, eee M, : THE ROCKEFEILER FOUNTAIN. Gift of William Rockefeller ates’ House. rim erected on Baird Court, north of the Pr (3840 Nee Eo AN NCEA SRE POR T Oke aH NE Wr YORK ZOOLOGICA: SOCTE TY CHARTERED IN 1895 CBIECIS. OF THE SOCIETY A PUBLIC ZOOLOGICAL PARK THE PRESERVATION OF OUR NATIVE ANIMALS THE PROMOTION ©F ZOOLOGY. 1904 ~NEW YORK OPEIGES © Peel ES OG TEM ey a WrATe Lk Si RiEE JANUARY, 1905 COPYRIGHT, 1905, BY THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Che Crow Press, Pew Mork Contents, ‘Wieon, Joep) GP INUASENGIIRS ~~ 2 6 5 o 6 6 5 6 5 6 5 ¢ OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY 3. S82 vey So cece est one eee cee List oF MEMBERS RPORT On HE sexe CURVE COMME) 5) ae eee nee nee LANDSCAPE AND FORESTRY TREES AND SHRUBS IN THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK Se tebe aks TREASURER’S REPORTS Park Wimprovement Hund ~~. 594 2 se General Bundi is aah, of en oe ene sh eee eee Artin ala Gum) 2), oe eee gs) Ae ee en ee eee eee MaintenancesEunde. ©... =.) eee ee eee Balance Sheet of Ground Improvement Fund . Balance Sheet of Aquarium Improvement Fund Aquarium Fund. "=; as. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR, -...: << «= « Wo 2. fornaday De NEW WHITE*BEARY 9 5 5 3 cy 2. W. De Hornaday FLOUARTUM IREPORT = 5 . « «» « «| Charles T7. Townsend NOTES ON CERTAIN PINNIPEDS . . . Charles H. Townsend List OF FISHES List oF GIFTS TO THE NEw YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OSTEOMALACIA OF PRIMATES IN CAPTIVITY Flarlow Brooks and W. Reid Blair OBSERVATIONS ON PoIsONOUS SERPENTS Raymond L. Ditmars A New SpEciEs OF RATTLESNAKE. . Raymond L. Ditmars AN UNUSUAL VARIATION OF CROTALUS LUCIFER Raymond L, Ditmars THE OSTRICHES AND THEIR ALLIES . . C. William Beebe THE Rocky MountTaAIn Goat... . . Madison Grant DOCUMENTS: BV IGAW SO actin ea AM a ue ede) 2 EN! ais es ee NEN ID SKGEAR i tee hy Sh wd eB tg PAGE 262 268 Hoe it aes y ij if List of Fllustrations. PAGE THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNTAIN : : : : . Frontispiece. TiinkiT INDIAN ToTEM POLE AND House . 5 : : : yk INDIAN LEOPARD . : : : : ; : : : : Mees) BaAcCTRIAN CAMELS. ‘ : : : : : ; ; > &C A CAGE IN THE NEw Mamma House . : : : ; OO Younc Raccoons 3 ‘ : : : : : : ; ~e62 CALIFORNIA CONDOR . : , : ; : : ols LLAMA AND YOUNG . : : F : ; ‘ : ; ; : fi SERVAL . : : : : é : : : ; ; : 5 fit SKIN OF INLAND WHITE BEar. 3 . : j : : 5 KS) TEETH OF INLAND WHITE BEAR . 5 ; : é : : or Main Hatt New YorK AQUARIUM : ; ; ; : 7 HEAD OF THE MANATEE . : ; ; é : : - gt BALANCED AQUARIUM. : : : : ; : : : : 5 Os FEEDING THE SEA Cow . ‘ : ‘ ‘ : : : ; 5 On PorTIoN OF Main Hatt NEw YorK AQUARIUM. : ; . 96 SERVICE GALLERY NEw YoRK AQUARIUM . ‘ d : ; ay 100 FEEDING THE SEALS NEw YorK AQUARIUM. : é ae: 104 NorRTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL. . : , : : ; . 108 SEAL RoOKERY—PRIBILOF ISLAND . : é s : : : 5 We SEALERS SKINNING SEALS. ; : : : : : BOTS Snow Leoparp . : . : , : : : : ; oe 4 Sapajou MONKEY SHOWING OSTEOMALACIA . ; : re THORAX AND SPINAL COLUMN OF SAPAJOU . : : 5 ante) THORAX OF GOLDEN BABOON . : 2343 SECTIONS OF VERTEBRA . : ; ‘ : : : 5 HLS OsTEOCLASTS (THREE DRAWINGS) . : , 17.0. PHOTO-MICROGRAPHS . , : 4 2. jnlfel PHOTO-MICROGRAPHS . : ; : : : Sy Lie PHOTO-MICROGRAPHS . : : : : : : ; eels PHOTO-MICROGRAPHS . ; ; ; : : : : : : 5 1A PHOTO-MICROGRAPHS . ‘ : : : . : : : : 5 eas SPECTACLED COBRA . : : : ; : 7.0 EGYPTIAN COBRA OR “‘AspP”’ 180 INDIAN OR SPECTACLED COBRA : ‘ 2 : ; : : e.2 DitaTeD Heap oF INDIAN COBRA . P : : ; : 5 . 184 Heaps OF RATTLESNAKE AND EGypTiaAN COBRA. : : : LOS Heap oF KING CoBRA : : : : 3 : : : . 186 HEAD OF RATTLESNAKE . : : d ; 5 Sy 8 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. HEAD OF CORAL SNAKE WHITE RATTLESNAKE. 5 Heap oF WHITE RATTLESNAKE CROTALUS LUCIFER OsTRICHES APTERYX EMEU : CERAM CASSOWARY RHEAS : OsTRICH CHICKS . : , : : é : 2 ; Eccs or OstricH, CassowaRyY, HEN AND HUMMING-BIRD OstrRIcH LYING ON THE GROUND HEMISPHERES 5 : ; : ; WINGS OF CASSOWARY AND OSTRICH DEVELOPMENT OF THE OSTRICH FEATHER FEATHERS OF EMEU, CONDOR AND OSTRICH . Nest oF OstricH Eccs Nest oF CassowarRy EGGs Foot oF OsTRICH f 3 Foot oF RHEA AND CASSOWARY Foor or APTERYX p : ; TypicaL MouNTAIN GOAT COUNTRY Goat COUNTRY ; ; : Rocky MounTAIN Goat (DEAD) . Rocky Mountain Goat (HEAD) Rocky Mountain Goat (MOUNTED SPECIMEN) : Rocky Mountain Goat (MOUNTED SPECIMEN SIDE VIEW) Rocky Mountain GOAT AND SHEEP SEVEN MountTAIN Goat KIpDs Kips oF MounTaIN GOAT AND SHEEP Kips oF MountTAIN GOAT AND SHEEP . : ; MountTeD HEaD (FRONT) . MountTep HEapD (SIDE) SKULL OF GoaT (FRONT) . : : : : SKULL OF GoaT (SIDE) . : ; : ; , Rocky MounTIAN GOAT AND SHEEP. Board of Managers ( Hon. Georce B, McCLeLian, Mayor of New York. Ex-Officio: - ( Hon. Joun J. Parxas, Pres’t Dep’t of Parks. CLASS OF 1906. Levi P. Morton, MapIson GRANT, ANDREW CARNEGIE, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, Morris Kk. JESUP, SAMUEL THORNE, JoHn L. CADWALADER, Henry A. C. TAYLor, PHILIP SCHUYLER, HucuH J. CHISHOLM, JoHN S. BARNEs, Wm. D. SLOANE. CLASS OF 1907. F. AUGUSTUS SCHERMERHORN, GEORGE C. CLARK, A. NeEwsotp Morris, CLEVELAND H. DopceE, Percy R. Pyne, C. LepyarpD BLair, GEORGE B. GRINNELL, CORNELIUS VANDERBILT, Jacos H. Scuirr, NELSON RosiNnson, Epwarp J. BERWIND, FREDERICK GILBERT BOURNE. CLASS OF /908. HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, HucuH D. AUCHINCLOss, CHARLES T. BARNEY, CHARLES F, DIETERICH, Witiiam C. CuurcH, JamEs J. Hit, LISPENARD STEWART, GEORGE F. BAKER, H. Castmir DE RuHaAm, GRANT B. SCHLEy, GEORGE CROCKER, PAYNE WHITNEY. DONATIONS TO THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY IN CASH AND ANIMALS, AMOUNTING TO $500 AND OVER. JUNE 15, 1905 *Rockefeller, Wilham le § PERS re eens ey bey epee Re $43,276 AMavoinavssebombll winaa masa o uso Ss alo weeM ow oslo bo 600 9.6.0 a0 ok 17,000 *VWVilnutrie ye. VW il Sa0 i oie akuees eee Src ements moT Moore Sek 16,800 CarneoreweAmdncware. eee ee ore roc nie near ren recr: 13,200 S(oloTuaes EXO) OF lslar craisopa my ahs cea crore Riols aanin 016 oGra oie a eo'ds > av 10,750 PA govewel efaiqohigl Suni n Petree Oe, Bio Bitar On Shin oo ain Sopa Se 8,000 Barney:, Charles Te 3.) cenie sorte arn ee ete mete 7,700 Wkoymroyainy alors Ibenal Poy wate g oh oo an soon ooo ao bolo. clo.no0 6,500 Maydor,blemnyAe Ce Bhasin seas areas nc eae eae oe 6,000 Vanderbilt. Wane aKa As. 8 ar sce On ae OCC een 6,000 Cadwalader: sola Ly Feat acciee Seely ele yoke PE eee ae eee 5,900 *Ottendorter Oswald. s:.4 Smee tice teenie oka beer 5,900 SW oyehalpe Naot Dien 5 mois gies ole craicine wo Momo tro nbid on S0.0, 0 5,500 Gould Georsel| Arete dae ae oe Soe eee epee 5,450 IBehmakechy |(Olabalns\s oe ciweatvenc o laes a Ora TAI ela on.0 ae Oto GE ol oso ory 5,250 AD odges WV illianmiGh se cee eee oes Hee NN esa Ce oer 5,200 SolalSirianerel Koymm ales ANUKABIAES. coo nacbandaasuncaenosbnooaus 5,200 IRM Coos ldo aoasemesns coum poe ood sow doen oT a oo Fe 5,000 Berwind. sicwarcdeliery «meas: aees ccc ts ioe mentee ore 5,000 Bournewhred enckaGnillperteraee ere rior oom eicee aero 5,000 Dicterche Charles tite peer ice he ieee err wenn cane 5,000 *COCIEtT WRODEEE.... certs Sears een PaO ie nes enol ol er sia ates ae 5,000 Gould = Muasstilclens Maller een ean caer ene eee ee 5,000 FIP anibin CON. COllisuP ss ae. -pere on, SeIRAG eet Enero. he Aer ae ee 5,000 Wicrregnay, Io leMSOMlicscaacaoconsouneeuucoos boodacouco: 5,000 Paynes Colt Oliverine ani vaca oes eae See ee eee 5,000 Rockefeller. Joli Dia aie eee sie cerees eros ee rece eo 5,000 ihompson, Mrs bredenicka Mernsy .\..1) eins form ore 5,000 ‘RreviorsMrs> Viol mye acto on cae ses eh eee enone 5,000 aiAegaie lerelolyes OOM MECN 5, acetic pip meo.6 wo SAG doi o oa.6 a: 5,000 IWioods Mirs Amtom ete Bim Omer eis eter aaceitne eee renee ae 5,000 Stokesmvliss Carolin esbinel Samer ieen eerie iter en iene 4,300 Mores: vt. INew bold: 22 eine ra tls a eer eee a ae 4,250 Chisholm: jetchye ns scar oo oie oon eer on oom eer 3,900 Lydig Memorial from Mr. and Mrs. Frank K. Sturges and Captampeiilip ee Wy dita aon 1a 5 eric eee aren: 3,507 Stolahohydlereay pled abllbh iy watntaen clots enaeinin Om 4 cla nee 6.010516 G.0.0 cw 0 ole 3,100 esp, Mo miS Ke Fe 1c este ete eee inten Se rere ae eae 2,950 = Babcock. (Santelli 2. 2 Vk ees eee eae eee re Ee 2,500 Blair iC: Wedyard! ie 22s oi eke ci ee eee 2,500 Carter siames (Cre sce cies Os Se Ine iene eae 2,500 Crocker, -Georsete..ch con ees ee eo eae SP ee eee 2,500 DLEWaLt LASpetland.s jae ec kee se eo iene Pace eRe ronencre 2,500 * Deceased. 72 .00 .00 .0O .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 -OO0 .00 .0O .0O .00 .00 .00 .0O .00 .00 .0O .00 .00 .00 .0O .00 .00 .00 .00 .0O .00 -OO .00 -OO0 -0O0 OO -0O0 -0O0 -0O0 paolo} -0OO Mittanyade|(Coss. . Wander tli CornelnttSeeas + eae. pieces eicin ie sie aiian sh atee are James, Norman .. Robinson, Nelson. @©sbornrplennyshainieldin gas am eel acelin cere ae Dodger Clevelamaerlc. vt ast een tore eicus eee cee eve sey [Bla nrleransicis, (havea Kise \N'/eapecioin toy wea neniclcttolclaigiie. cc) oladgaS ion nucroudkac Solaciraercovoraa, Wal, (© oecnecnsdbdeneohadoenodsomouune Schley, Grant B.. Clarion Georsei Craw fonds 2.x. tian oe Sas ee AviClimnClOgS; Wibas, IeleiedMIDEG saacenoccoscaccccg0acccnegac Brewster, Robert S Ford, James Br - Osborn, Wm. Chure Ryan, Thomas F.. *Stickney, Joseph. . Jennings, Miss A. B Cook, Henry H... Lewis, Mrs. George I ee Matin tele eee “Ogioorria, Wbas, Willen Jely ee eeescancconschodnsoccccnase *Webb, William H. le Ajames eso. Armour Memorial from Mrs. Farquhar Ferguson and Mies, Won, Grong INMANOIS. 6 6.oc conch cdacavoracac Arnold. lacks... . Bliss, Cornelius N. lhissGeorge dls. - Clarks Georce! Crawiondees cia) asec) o ta el ee *Constable, Frederic iret, George... - *Flower, Roswell P. Ford, J. Howard.. Havemeyer, Henry Havemever, Williat *Hewitt, Abram S.. ae AW SB omit ere kewl ie ie Se Be Oa ee a Oe eae eae ba ite, oy UY Le Gal BY oiage Avert yi Saree Reta ERR iy Se Be I Ee “rlommmezia, Werny IRGw, IDeehal 1a AN, os oaboochm@ounaaaancoone *Iselin, Adrian .... James, D. Willis. . lceromechy., Olin, SWEWENEtis oo oo 500 on cme oe Orde gesous 7 epee Mia crap) ae Nie cla Gaara ome ar peoien fo Mc sneanicls Ay atasd Net oils Peary Arctic Club. Pheasant Collection from heirs of Samuel B. Schieffelin... Poor, Henry W... Sedat Cam Term V tase On Caylee mpssesct at cuashista suena gs cst cS oun cle Selomans wlisaac Newitomea ewe eee aca Je) ric ilar. LUC kei Cyne VES ten (OSE please ees ayes eho eicimicin to she neces aivommlo ley tlie (MICK ies co ne a ars eesais: «eo vues ais Ges ees oe VOnPMOStlermrank Gis «ors ten s ope a Ghais sso sees re ene Weve NOME Joo ao bce MW onuslncexel (Clagudlas IDissaeeogeseceopontooaasocusavauce Phoenix, Lloyd... Blackford, Eugene Cee ee eek pear pe See go eT eaeeoae lnigsaleiess,, achive), Sade s he esppee soe ooeuauddsutoog coc bicotmsonm Col-maniesulinn s.ciiace 2 > soe fee ae eoe ecient: TPROVE AONE aE NA cokes o eh Geer eeee opCRe Reo eee me me ner eR OME or Ce Sie AT Sturges, Frederick * Deceased. .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 215 .00 .00 .00 .00 .0O .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 30 OO} -0O0 O00 -OO0 -OO -O0O -0O0 -0O0 -0O0 -00 -00 -0OO0 -0O0 00 -0O0 -0O0 -0O0 -0O0 -00 OO -OO0 -00 -0O -0O0 -O0O0 -OO -0O0 -0O0 -0O0 -OO 00 -0O0 -0O 27, OFFICERS Ok DAE New Pork Zoologteal Soctety President: HON. LEVI P. MORTON. First Vice-President: Second Vice-President : HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN. JOHN L. CADWALADER. Erecutive Committec. CHARLES T. BARNEY, Chairman, HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, MADISON GRANT, JOHN S. BARNES, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, PHILIP SCHUYLER, SAMUEL THORNE, LEVI P. MORTON, Ex-officio. Secretary : MADISON GRANT, 1t Wall Street. Treasurer: RENCE Res PYENIE: 52 Wall Street. Director of the Zoological Park: WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, 183d Street and Southern Boulevard. Director of the Aquarium: CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Battery Park. Architects : HEINS & LA FARGE. Consulting Landscape Architect : JAMES L. GREENLEAF. Consulting Engineer : H. DE B. PARSONS. ADrcientifie Council. WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Chairman. J. A. ALLEN, American Museum of Natural History. FRANK M. CHAPMAN, American Museum of Natural History. WILLIAM STRATFORD, College of the City of New York. CHARLES L. BRISTOL, University of New York. GEORGE BIRD GRINNELL, Editor of Forest and Stream. ALFRED G. MAYER, Tortugas Laboratory of Carnegie Institute. HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Columbia University. CHARLES B. DAVENPORT, Director Biological Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director of the New York Aquarium. MADISON GRANT, Secretary New York Zoological Society, Ex-officio. CHARLES T. BARNEY, Chairman Executive Committee, Ex-officto. Officers of the Zoological Wark. WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Director and General Curator. Re MIT CEVBE Vaart ete etete Chief Clerk and Disbursing Officer. RAYMOND e1e> DIAMINE S 2 ce ise yoked abot raieis .Curator of Reptiles. C2AWHTLETAM? BIE DBI e.g teres i ee erent ters .Curator of Birds. H. W. MERKEL. #6 EV Noe een forester and Constructor. GEORGE M. BEERBOWER. Se UEP ire e taciad a aR lees Se Civil Engineer. BEWIN: Re sSANBORING. Geraint. = Photographer and Assistant Editor. Medical Staff. HARLOW “BROOKS MED 0205 in aha e semen esis setae eG OLORasz: Nive JIDIO De MENIOR ID EWAS a, Gd cass wide Sool uholas ooo con o WAAROTUOM Aquarium Committee CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Chairman. CHARLES L. BRISTOL, University of New York. BASHFORD DEAN, Columbia University. ALFRED G. MAYER, Tortugas Laboratory of Carnegie Institute. CHARLES B. DAVENPORT, Director Biological Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. THOMAS H. MORGAN, Columbia University. EDMUND B. WILSON, Columbia University. WILLIAM E. DAMON. ROSWELL MORSE SHURTLEFF. @Officers of the Aquarium. CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Dvrector. LEONARD B. SPENCER... .Asst. in Charge of Fresh-water Collections. WASHINGTON I. DE NYSE.......z Asst. in Charge of Marine Collections. EBEN R. SAMPSON.................Clerk and Disbursing Officer. MEMBERS OF THE Pew York Zoological Soctety, Donorarp Pror. ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, Pror. J. A. ALLEN, Tue DuKE oF BEDFORD, Mr. ARTHUR ERWIN Brown, Pror. DAaNnteL GiRAuD ELLIOT, {flembers. *SiR WILLIAM FLOWER, *Dr. F. L’HOEsT, Dr. C. Hart MERRIAM, Hon. LIONEL WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Dr. Puitip LUTLEY SCLATER. Benefactor. WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER. Founders. Baker, GEORGE F., BaRNES, JOHN S., BaRNEY, CHARLES T., BERWIND, Epwarp J., BouRNE, FREDERICK GILBERT, CADWALADER, JOHN L., CARNEGIE, ANDREW, DIETERICH, CHARLES F., *DopceE, WILLIAM E., *GOELET, ROBERT, GouLp, GEorGE J., Goutp, Miss HELEN MILLER, *HUNTINGTON, C. P., MoreGan, J. PIERPONT, Morton, Hon. Levi P., Associate *BABCOCK, SAMUEL D., Brarr, ©. LEDYARD, CARTER, JAMES C., CHISHOLM, HuGu J., CROCKER, GEORGE, Jesup, Morris K., VANDERBILT, *OTTENDORFER, OSWALD, PayYNE, Cov. OLIvER H., Pyne, Percy RIVINGTON, ROCKEFELLER, JOHN D., SCHERMERHORN, F. AUGUSTUS, ScuHiFF, Jacos H., SLOANE, WILLIAM D., TayLor, Henry A. C., THompson, Mrs. FREDERIC FERRIS THORNE, SAMUEL, Trevor, Mrs. JouN B., * VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS VANDERBILT, WILLIAM K., *WHITNEY, Hon. WILLIAM C., Woop, Mrs. ANTOINETTE ENO. Founders. OsBorNn, Pror. HENRY FAIRFIELD, SCHUYLER, PHILIP, STEWART, LISPENARD, Stokes, Miss CAROLINE PHELPs, Sturcis, Mrs. Frank K., TIFFANY & Co., CORNELIUS. ® Deceased 14 NEWS YORK ZOOLOGICAL, SOGIEDY * ARNOLD, HIcks, AUCHINCLOsSs, Mrs. Hucu D., Buiss, CorneE.LIus N., *Briiss, GEORGE T., BREWSTER, ROBERT G., CLARK, GEORGE CRAWFORD, CLARK, Mrs. GEORGE CRAWFORD, *CONSTABLE, FREDERICK, A., Coox, Henry H., DopGE, CLEVELAND H., EHRET, GEORGE, *FLOWER, ROSWELL P., Forp, JAMEs B., Forp, J. Howarp, HARKNESS, CHARLES W., HAVEMEYER, HeEnry O., HAVEMEYER, WILLIAM F., *HEWITT, ABRAM S., *HOFFMAN, VERY ReEv. E. A., IsELIN, ADRIAN, James, D. WILLIs, James, NORMAN. JENNINGS, Miss A. B., KENNEDY, JOHN STEWART. Lewis, Mrs. GEORGE, Morris, A. NEWBOLD, Morris, Mrs. A. NEWBOLD, Morris, Miss Eva VAN CORTLANDT, Patrons. Morris, NEWBOLD, OsBORN, WILLIAM CHURCH, *OSBORN, Mrs. WILLIAM H., Poor, HENnry W., *PyNE, Mrs. Percy R., Rosinson, NELSON, Ryan, THOMAS F., *SCHERMERHORN, WILLIAM C SCHLEY, GRANT B., SELIGMAN, Isaac NEWTON, *STICKNEY, JOSEPH, STICKNEY, Mrs. JOSEPH, TAYLOR, JAMES B., JR., THORNE, EpDwin, THORNE, FRANCcIs B., THORNE, Henry S., THORNE, JOEL W., THORNE, LANDON K., THORNE, Miss PHEBE ANNA, THORNE, SAMUEL, JR., THORNE, S. BRINCKERHOFF, THORNE, VICTOR C., THORNE, WILLIAM, TJADER, Mrs. MARGARET T., TwomsB.iy, H. McK., Von Post, HERMAN C., *WeEBB, WILLIAM H., *WoLtrr, A. “) Life sHlembers. AbaAms, Epwarp DEan, ANDREWS, CONSTANT A., ANDREWS, J. SHERLOCK, * ARNOLD, JOHN H. V., AUCHINCLOss, Hucu D., *AVERY, SAMUEL P., AVERY, SAMUEL P., Jr., BALLANTINE, ROBERT F., BARBOUR, THOMAS, BARBOUR, WILLIAM, BaruyptT, Mrs. P. HackKLey, Barnes, Miss Cora F., Barnes, Miss MILpDRED, BEEBE, C. WILLIAM, BELMONT, AUGUST, Betts, SAMUEL ROSSITER, BisHop, HEBER REGINALD, *Bisuop, HEBER R., BLACKFORD, EUGENE G., Bo.tpt, GeEorGeE C., Bonpb, FRANK 6G., Bootu, Wixtiam H., BowpDoINn, GEORGE 6G., Brown, GeorceE McKesson, Bruce, Miss Matitpa W., BuRDEN, HENRY, 2D, BUSHNELL, JOSEPH, BuTLeER, WILLIAM MILL, CAMMANN, GEORGE P., Camp, Hucu N. Jr., *CANFIELD, A. Cass, CHANLER, WINTHROP, CuisHoirm, Hucu J., Jr., CuHurcH, E. Dwicut, CHURCH, WILLIAM CONANT, CLARKSON, BANYER, *COCHRAN, W. F., CoLGATE, WILLIAM, CoLLaRD, Mrs. GEORGE W., ConYNGHAM, WILLIAM L., Cook Crh CoRNING, JOHN J., CRANE, ZENAS, CRIMMINS, JOHN D., CuvipRren Cae DAVIS Sey Smee Davis, JoHN W.A., DE CoppEetT, Epwarp J., DELAFIELD, ALBERT, Dre RuHAM, CHARLES, DicKEy, CHARLES A., DopcGe, GEORGE EGLESTON, * Deceased. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 15 DoncE, MAaRCELLUS HARTLEY, DoELGER, CHARLES P., DoOELGER, PETER, DoELGER, PETER, JR., DRAPER, Mrs. HENrRy, Du Bois, Miss ETHEL, Du Bors, Miss KaTHERINE, Dv Bots, WILLIAM A., DuNSCOMBE, GEORGE ELSWORTH, ELLiotTT, SAMUEL, Eno, Amos F., FAIRCHILD, Hon. CHARLES 6G., FERGUSON, Mrs. FARQUHAR, FIELD, CORTLANDT DE PEYSTER, FLEITMANN, WILLIAM MEDLICOTT, FLINT, CHARLES R., FRENCH, S. BarRTon, GERRY, ELBRIDGE T., Goopwin, JAMEs J., Grant, Mapison, *GREEN, ANDREW H., GUGGENHEIM, S. R., GUNTHER, BERNARD G., GUNTHER, FRANKLIN L., HAGENBECK, CARL, HARKNESS, Epwarp G., HARRAH, CHARLES J., Harris, ALAN C., Haven, GEORGE G,, Hayes, R. Somers, HEARN, GEORGE A., HENDERSON, CHARLES, R., Hiccinson, Cor. JAMEs J., Birr, Huer, Err ARES: I\ Hopkins, GEORGE B., HornabDay, WILLIAM T., HvuBBARD, Tuomas H., HUNTINGTON, ARCHER M., Hype, James H., JENNINGS, OLIVER G.., KING, GEORGE GORDON, KINGSLAND, WILLIAM M., KIssEL, Gustav E., *KNOWER, BENJAMIN, KUNHARDT, W. B., La FarGE, C. GRANT, Lancpon, Woopsury G., LANIER, CHARLES, LEE, CHARLES NorRTHAM, LEHMAN, S. M., LOUNSBERY, RICHARD P., Low, C. ADOLPHE, Low, SETH, Lypic, Davin, Lypic, Capt. Puitie M., McALPIN, CHARLES WILLISTON, McComs, J. Scott, McKim, Cuartes F., McLane, Guy RICHARDS, Mackay, CLARENCE H1., Mackay, DOoNaALp, Macy, V. EVERIT, MAITLAND, ALEXANDER, MALLory, CHARLES H., Marc, THEOPHILUS M., MarKoE, Dr. Francis H., *MARKOE, JAMES B., MARSHALL, Louts, *Mason, Tuomas H., MayeER, Dr. ALFRED G., MILLER, Dr. GEorRGE N., MITCHELL, ROLAND G., Morris, JAMES, NessitTT, A. G., NEWBOLD, THOMAS, Nicuots, Mrs. WILLIAM GILMAN, NiLes, J. BARRON, NiLves, WILLIAM WHITE, ParisH, HENRY, PARRISH, JAMES C., PEABODY, CHARLES A., PERKINS, WILLIAM H., Puipps, Henry, PHOENIX, LLoyp, PHOENIX, PHILLIPS, PIERREPONT, JOHN JAY, PincHoT, J. W., Potter, Mrs. Henry C., PRATT DAT IENS Dn. Proctor, A. PHEMISTER, QUINTARD, GEORGE W., RAYMOND, CHARLES H., RIKER, SAMUEL, JR., Ross, J. HAamMppeEn, Rospsins, MILTON, RoGERs, ARCHIBALD, Russ, EDWARD, SAMPSON, HENRY, SCHERMERHORN, J. EGMONT, SCHIEFFELIN, EUGENE, SCHIFF, MorTIMER L., SETON, ERNEST THOMPSON, SHELDON, CHARLES, SHERMAN, GEORGE, SHERMAN, WILLIAM WATTS, SHIELDS, GEORGE O., SLATTERY, JAMES, SLOAN, Benson, B., SLOAN, SAMUEL, SLOAN, SAMUEL, JR., SLOANE, JOHN, SPEYER, JAMES, *STERNE, SIMON, STETSON, Francis LYNDE, STURGES, FREDERICK, STURGIS, FRANK K., THALMAN, ERNST, * Deceased. 16 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Tuompson, Lewis SG., THompson, WILLIAM P., TILFORD, FRANK, Topp, WILLIAM R., TOWNSEND, CHARLES H., Travers, Miss SUSAN, TREVOR, HENry G., TREVOR, JOHN B., UHLMANN, FREDERICK, WabswortTH, Major W. AustTIN, WAINWRIGHT, RICHARD T., WaLKER, Dr. HENRY FREEMAN, WaARBURG, FELIX M., WARREN, SAMUEL D., Watson, FRAnNcis A., WHEALTON, Louis N., * WHITEHEAD, CHARLES E., WHITEHEAD, PAUL, WHITNEY, Harry Payne, WHITNEY, PAYNE, WILLETS, Howarp, Wine, Joun D., Woop, Miss ELEANOR DENNISTON. Annual fHlembers. ABEEL, GEORGE, ABEEL, JOHN H., ABERCROMBIE, Davip T., ACHELIS, FRITZ, ACHELIS, JOHN, ADAMS, FRANK LANSON, ADAMS, FREDERICK T., ADAMS, SAMUEL, ADAMS, THATCHER M., ApRIANCE, Rev. Harris Ety, AGNEW, ANDREW G., AGNEw, Mrs. CorNnELIus R., AITKEN, JOHN W., ALDEN, R. PERcy, *ALpDRICH, Mrs. H. D., AutpricH, Mrs. JAMES HERMAN, ALEXANDER, Mrs. CHARLEs B., ALEXANDER, FRANK D., ALEXANDER, JAMES W., ALEXANDER, Dr. WELCOME T., ALEXANDRE, J. HENRY, ALLEN, ETHAN, ALLEN, JAMES LANE, ALLGOEVER, A., Ams, Max, AMUNDSON, JOHN A., ANDERSON, A. A., ANDERSON, P. CHAUNCEY, ANDREINI, J. M., APPLETON, FRANCIS R., APPLETON, JAMES W., ARCHBOLD, JOHN D., AREND, F. J., ArMouUR, GEORGE A., Armour, Mrs. HERMAN O., Astor, JOHN JACOB, AvucuHincioss, Mrs. Epcar S., AUCHINCLOsS, JOHN W., AusTIN, GEORGE C., Aycricc, B. ARTHUR, AYER, FREDERICK F., BAKER, STEPHEN, Batcom, Dr. IRVING S., BALDWIN, FREDERICK H., BaLDWIN, Dr. JARED G. BALDWIN, JARED G., JR., BANFIELD, ELWwoop, Banecs, Dr. L. Botton, Banks, THEODORE H., *BARBER, GEN. THomas H., BarRBEY, Henry I., BARCLAY, J. SEARLE, JR., BARNARD, J. AUGUSTUS, BARNES, HERBERT S., BARNES, J. SANFORD, JR., BaRNEY, A. L.., BARNEY, ASHBEL H., Barney, Mrs. J. STEWART, BaRNEY, Miss KATHARINE L., BaRney, N. C., Barr, WILLIAM, BARRON, GEORGE D., Barron, Dr. JOHN C., BARTELS, WILLIAM, BaTTERSON, JAMES G., BAUMANN, GUSTAV, BaxTER, GEORGE 6G., JR., BayArRD, Louis P., BayYLiges, EDMUND L., Bay.iges, Mrs. NaTHALIE E., Bay tis, WILLIAM, IBBACH eh Ce BeacH, WALTER R., BEADLESTON, ALFRED N., BEAL, WILLIAM R., BEARD, DANIEL CARTER, BECkE Ras Gals BECKER, CHRISTIAN, BeEcKER, PHILIP, BEERBOWER, GEORGE M., Beers, M. H., BELL, EDWARD, BELMONT, PERRY, Benepict, Miss Louise A., BENJAMIN, EUGENE S., BENSON, FRANK SHERMAN, Benson, Miss THyrza, BERNHEIMER, CHARLES L., * Deceased. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 17 BERNHEIMER, SIMON E., BEROLZHEIMER, E., BERTRON, 9S. R., BicKMORE, ProFr. ALBERT 5&., BiceLow, Henry B., BILLINGS, FREDERICK, IBILEINGS Ll be. Bitiincs, Miss Mary M., BrirRcHALL, W. H., BirD, GEORGE, *BLAGDEN, GEORGE, BuaGDEN, Mrs. Jutia G., Brats DaiGy, Briar, J. INSLEY, BLaKE, Dr. JOSEPH A., BEAKESLEE, T. J, Buiss, ERNEsT C., *BLopGEetr, Mrs. WILLIAM T., BLoopGoop, RoBeErtT F., BLOOMINGDALE, JOSEPH B., BLOOMINGDALE, LYMAN G., Bioss, JAMES O., BLUMENSTIEL, A., Boas, Emit L., BoOEKELMAN, PRoF. BERNARDUS, BOELIGER, He We, BoeTTGER, THEODORE M., Bocert, Epwarp C., BolIssEVAIN, G. L., Bo.ton, JOHN W., Botton, Mrs. JOSEPH B., Botton, THOMAS, JR., Botton, WILiiaM H., Bonp, ALFRED H., Bonp, WILLIAM EDWARD, BonneER, PAut R., BorGSTEDE, JOHN G., BorLanpb, J. NELSON, BoRLAND, WILLIAM G., Borne, JouN E., Boreter, E ijau S., Bowpboin, TEMPLE, BoweEN, CLARENCE WINTHROP, Bowers, JOHN M., BRADFORD, J. H., BraDLeEY, Epson, BRADLEY, J. R., Brapy, Mrs. J. R., Brapy, NIcHoLas F., BRAINERD, Ira H., BRAININ, FRED, BRANDRETH, COURTENAY, BRANNAN, Dr. JoHNn W., BRAUN, FREDERICK, BREIDENBACH, CHARLES M., Brett, GeorceE P., BREWER, WILLIAM A., JR., BrewstTeER, Mrs. BENJAMIN, BREWSTER, GEORGE §G., BRINCKERHOFF, ELBERT A., BRINSMADE, CHARLES LYMAN, BristoL, PRoF. CHARLES L., BrisToL, JouN I. D., Bristow, WILLIAM B., Bronson, Dr. EpwarpD BENNET, Brown, Hon. AppISsoN, Brown, CHARLES F., Brown, Miss E. W. Brown, JOHN CRosBy, Brown, WALDRON P., Brownine, J. A., *BROWNING, WILLIAM C. BROWNING, WiLLiaM H., BROWNLEE, ARTHUR A., BRUCKER, CARL, BruNN, JuLius: W., Bryant, Dr. JosEepu D., Bryce, Mrs. WILLIAM, BucxkuourT, WiLiiaM H., BuCKNER, THomas A., Bubp, Henry A., BuLKLEY, EpwiIn M., BuLkKLey, Mrs. Epwin M.., BuL_L, CHARLES LIVINGSTON, Buti, Ropert Macray, BULL, WILLIAM L., Buu, Dr. WILiiAM T., Bumpus, Pror. HERMON C., BuRDEN, JAMES A., JR., *BURDEN, JOSEPH W. Burcess, Epwarp G., BurRKE, Boe, BURLEIGH, GEORGE W., BuRLEIGH, Mrs. GEORGE W., BurnuHaAM, Mrs. Doucras W., Burr, WINTHROP, BiGRIRIAS pale een BusH, JOHN 6G., BUTLER, ARTHUR W., Butt, Gen. McCosxkry, CaEsAR, Henry A., CaLeF, Amos H.., CaLHouN, HENRY W., CALMAN, HEnry L., CAMMANN, EDWARD C., CAMMANN, HENRY LORILLARD, CAMMANN, HERMANN H., *CamMP FREDERICK EDGAR. *CAMPBELL, JOHN, CANFIELD, GEORGE FOLGER. *CANFIELD, JOSEPH B., CANFIELD, RICHARD A., CANNON, H. W., Jr., CANNON, JAMES G., CARDEZAy sD Me CAREY. Ee ak CARPENDER, WILLIAM, CARPENTER, PHILIP, * Deceased. 18 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIEPY. CARRERE, JOHN M., CARROLL, RoyaLt PHELPS, *CARTER, WALTER O., (GASIO, IB, I CASTREE, JOHN W., CASWELL, JOHN H., CaTHCART, Miss JENNIE R., CEREROse Re Ile CHABOT, THEODORE J., CHAMBERS, FRANK R., CHAMBERS, JAMES, CHAMBERS, JOHN A., CHAPIN, Mrs. ALFRED, CHAPMAN, FRANK M., CHAPMAN, HENRY OTIS, CHAPMAN, JOHN JAY, CHENEY, GEORGE L., CHESEBROUGH, ROBERT A., CHICHESTER, CHARLES DARWIN, CuHILps, EVERSLEY, CuILps, JOHN LEwis, CuHILps, WILLIAM H., CHISOLM, B. OGDEN, CHITTENDEN, JARED, CHOATE, JOSEPH K., Cuurcnu, E. D., Jr., CHURCH, FREDERIC E., CuurcH, F. S., CuurRCcH, THEO. W., CLAFLIN, JOHN, CLANCY, JOHN J., CLark, D. CRAWFORD, CLarRK, Henry S., CiarRK, J. MITCHELL, (CmAR Keen Cee CraARK Wi Ae CLarK, WILLIAM N., CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDS. CLAUSEN, GEORGE C., CLEARY, JOHN, CLEMENTS, G. H., CLEVELAND, CHARLES D., CLYDE, WILLIAM P., COCHRANE, JOHN W., COCKERILL, JOHN F., CocKErRortT, Miss E. V., CocKRAN, Hon. W. BowurKeE, CorFrin, WILLIAM EDWARD, COHEN, SAMUEL M., CoLBRON, PauL TOWNSEND, CoLBuRn, N. A., CoLBy, Howarp A., Cove yh wk CoLuiER, PETER F., COLLIER, PRICE, CoLLINS, CLARENCE LYMAN, Coiiins, Mrs. ELien, Cotiins, Miss GERTRUDE, Coiiins, Dr. Stacy Bupp COLLORD, GEORGE W.., CoMForT, WALTER R., Comstock, Mrs. H. G., Conpbon, THOMAS GERALD, Cone, CHARLES H., ConcER, Henry C., Connor, GERALD C., CONTENT, Harry, CoomBE, T. GorTON, *COOPER, EDWARD. CoopPpER, THEODORE, CorRBIN, AUSTIN, CorBIn, Mrs. AUSTIN, CoRNING, C. R., CORWINE, WILLIAM R., CostTaIn, EuGENE H., COSTER, CHARLES, CostER, Epwarpb LIVINGSTON, Coster, Henry A., *COTTER, JOHN, Cotton, W. J., Cowpin, WINTHROP CowL, CLARKSON, Cow .es, Davip S., Cox, CHAREES FY Cox, JENNINGS S., Cox, Mark T., CRAIGIE, ARCHIBALD WALPOLE, Cram, Mrs. KATHRINE G., CRANE, ALBERT, CRAWFORD, THOMAS, CRAWFORD, Dr. W. H., CROMWELL, JAMES W., CROMWELL, LINCOLN, CRONIN, CHARLES H., CRroSEven Carle CrosBy, LIVINGSTON, Cross, Mrs. C. VANDERBILT, Cross, GEORGE D., CrossLEy, G. REGINALD, CRUICKSHANK, JAMES, Curtis, EpwarRpD W., CuTrTtER, RAtpH L., CuTtTinc, R. Futon, CuTtinc, W. BayYArRp, DaILEY, GRANVILLE F., DaINTRY, W. MANSELL, Day, Mrs. Marcus, Damon, WIL.LiAM E., Dana, WILLIAM B., DANIELS, GEORGE H., *DANNE, DR. FREDERIC, Darps, CHARLES A., DAVENPORT, PROF. CHARLES B., DAVENPORT, IRa, DavinceE, Witiiam H., Davies, J. CLARENCE, Davies, WILLIAM GILBERT, Davis, CHARLES H., * Deceased. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. Davis, GHERARDI, Davis, How ann, Davis, JosEPH P., Davis, WILLIAM HARPER, DAVISON, CHARLES STEWART, Davison, GEORGE Howarp, Day, Mrs. Henry MILLs, Day, Horace LINCOLN, DEAN, Pror. BASHFORD, DEBOocaANDE, EUGENE, De Coppet, HENRY, DEEVES, RICHARD, De Forest, Rosertr W., DEGENER, J. F., DEGOIcOURIA, A. V., DEKAPELLE, GEORGE: K., De Ktyn, B. F., DELAFIELD, FREDERICK P., DELAFIELD, Miss JuL1a LIVINGSTON, DELANO, FREDERIC A., DELANO, WARREN, JR., DELANOY, WILLIAM C., DELESKER, CHARLES, DEMiILHAU, Louis JOHN, Deminec, L. C., DENICcKE, J. B., DENNERLEIN, GEORGE, DersBy, Dr. RicHarp H., De Ruam, H. Casimir, DeutscH, Morris, DEVEREUX, WALTER B., DE VINNE, THEODORE Low, DE Witt, WALTER G., De Witt, WILLIAM G., DEXTER, STANLEY W., Dey, ANTHONY, Deyo, Rosert E., Dickerson, E. N., DIEHL, GeEorGE H., Dienst, A. P., DILLINGHAM, FRANK A., DILLON, WILLIAM B., Dimock, GEORGE E., Ditmars, R. L., Dixon, Dr. GEORGE A., Dopp, Roserr H., Donce, D. Sruart, Dopce, Miss Grace H., DopcE, NorMaAn W., DopceE, Mrs. WILLiAM E., DouseE, JOHN, Dominick, H. BLANCHARD, Domme_ericH, L. F., Doremus, F. G., DovuBLepay, F. N., Dovuctas, JAMES, Douc.tass, ALFRED, Dows, Mrs. Davip, Dows, Mrs. Davin, Jr., Dows, TRacy, *DRAKE, JOHN J. DRAKE, WILLIAM H., DRAKENFELD, B. FERDINAND, Drayton, J. COLEMAN, Draz, FRANCIS, DrRESSEL, JOHN A. H., Drummonp, I. Wyman, Duane, RicHArRD BACHE, DuBois, CORNELIUS, DuBois, Dr. MaTTHEw B., DvuER, WILLIAM A., DUNCAN, STUART, Duncan, W. BUTLER, DunpaAs, RALPH WurRTs, DunuHaAM, DR. CARROLL, DunuHaM, Epwarp K., DunuaM, G. H., DuNNE, EDwarp B., DUNNE, JAMES, Duryea, Harry H., DurRYEA, GEN. Hiram, DuTcHER, WILLIAM, EBERHARDT, MARCUS, Epcar, D., EpcGarR, HERMAN L. R., Epear, Miss Jutia L., EpGAR, NEWBOLD, EDGELL, GEORGE S., EpMmonpbs, JOHN W., EGERTON, MAURICE, EGGELING, OTTO, EcLeston, D. S., EHLERS, OTTO, Erpiitz, ROBERT JAMES, EvBers, Mrs. FRITZ, ELperR, Mrs. Martitpa A., ELDRIDGE, FREDERICK L., ELpRIDGE, Lewis A., ELDRIDGE, ROSWELL, ELDRIDGE, WILLIAM T., 1G, \WeariwiMe dele ELtswortH, Duncan 6., ELiswortH, JOHN MAGEE, ELLswortTtuH, LINCOLN, EMANUEL, J: EL, JR, EMERY, JOHN J., EmicH, Mott, Emmet, C. TEMPLE, Emmet, Miss Lypia F., EmMMET, ROBERT TEMPLE, Enpicottr, ROBERT, ENGLISH, E. M., Ennis, Dr. JAMES SEFEREN, Eno, JOHN CHESTER, EpsTEAN, EDWARD, ERBSLOH, R., EscHMANN, F. W. R., ETTLINGER, Louis, * Deceased 19 20 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Eustis, JOHN E., Evans, Mrs. CADWALADER, Evans, RICHARD, Evarts, A. W., EVARTS, SHERMAN, Faas, JOHN, FaBBRI, ALESSANDRO, Fassri, ERNESTO G., Fapsri, Mrs. ERNEsTO G., FAHNESTOCK, Harris C., FAHNESTOCK, WILLIAM, FAIRBANKS, HENRY P., FAIRCHILD, DAVID, FAIRCHILD, H. S., FAIRCHILD, NELSON, Fak, GUSTAV, FaLvEy, FRANK A., Farco, JAMES C., FARNHAM, PAULDING, Farrar, NATHANIEL B., FARRINGTON, HARVEY, FEARING, GEORGE R., FEARON, J. S., Fernstrom, H., Fretp, Witiiam B. Oscoop, FISCHER, WILLIAM H., FISHER). (Gs, Fisk, Harvey EpWARD, *FISKE, J. W., Fitcu, Ezra H., FITZGERALD, GEN. LOUIS, FLower, ANSON R., Foot, James D., ForBACH, CHARLES, ForRESTER, GEORGE B., Foster, EpwarpD W., Foster, GIRAUD, Foster, MAcoMBE G., FosTeER, Scott HoOwrLER. Onis Wak. FRASER, ALEX V., FRASER, Mrs. GEORGE 6&., FRASER, WILLIAM C., FRIED, SAMSON, FRISSELL, A. S., Futpa, Dr. Cart, Fuupa, Dr. CLEMENS, FULLER, CHARLES D., FuLuLerR, Mrs. EUGENE, FuLuLer, Henry D., FuLToN, JOHN, JR., FuNKE, EpMuND A., Ganz, ANTHONY, GERRISH, JOHN BROWN, GerRsTER, Dr. ArpaD G., GHEE, JOHN F., GHEE, THOMAS, GiBney, Dr. VirciL P., GILBERT, CLINTON, GILLETTE, Dr. CuRTENIUS, GitsEy, Henry, JR., GLAZIER, HENRY 5., GLEASON, MICHAEL, GODDARD, F. N., Goprrey, Mrs. E. D., Gopwin, Haro Lp, GOLDSCHMIDT, S. A., Goop, MarTIN Q., GoopHUE, CHARLES E., GoopHuE, Mrs. S. C., Goopwin, REv. FRANCIS, GOTTHELF, CHARLES, GOTTHELF, HERMAN, GOTTHOLD, FREDERIC, GOULD, CHARLES A., {JOULD, CHARLES W., GouLp, EpwIn, GouLp, GEorGE H., GOULDEN, JOSEPH A., GRANBERY, W. H., GRANT Re oe GRAVES, WILLIAM L., GREEFF, ERNEsT F., GREENE, GEN. FRANCIS V. GREENOUGH, JOHN, GREENWOOD, Isaac J., GREER, CHARLES, GRINNELL, GEORGE BIRD, GrRiscoM, CLEMENT A., JR., GRISWOLD, CHESTER, Gross, FRANK, GuDEWILL, Rev. RupotpH H.E., GUGGENHEIM, SIMON, GULLIVER, WILLIAM C., GURNEE, WALTER 5&., GWYNNE, JOHN A., Haas, OTTO, HappEN, Dr. ALEXANDER, HacueE, James D., HaicutT, CHARLES 6., Haines, Henry F., HALLOCK, CHARLES P., Hats, WILLIAM, JR., HALstTeEaD, Miss L. P., Hamitton, Miss ELizaABETH STEWART, HAMILTON, WILLIAM PIERSON, HAMMERSLEY, Louis GORDON, HaMMonp, JAMES B., HammMonpD, Mrs. JOHN HENRY, Hanan, Joun H., Hanson, Pror. Harry D., GaRRETT, JOHN W., GAUTIER, DUDLEY G., Gay, JosEepH E., Geer, Mrs. WALTER, GERARD, Mrs. James W., GERLI, EMANUEL, Deceased. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 21 HARBECK, CHARLES T., Harp, ANSon W., - HARDENBERGH, T. E., HARPER, LATHROP C., HartToG, FERDINAND J., JR., Harvey, Ett, HasBrouck, HAROLD, HASKELL, GEORGE M., HASSLACHER, JACOB, Hastincs, Mrs. THoMAs, HATFIELD, THOMAS F., HAVEMEYER, F. C. HAvEMEYER, H. O., JR., HAvVEMEYER, T. A., HaveEN, GEORGE G., JR.., Havens, ALBERT G., Hawe, MarTrHew, Haw ey, E., HawTHORNE, Miss GWENDOLEN, Haynes, WILLIAM De Forgst, HECKSCHER, JOHN GERARD, HEIMAN, ABRAHAM, HeEIMAN, E., HeEIMAN, Mrs. SOPHIE, HEINS, GEORGE L., HEINSHEIMER, L. A., HEINTZ, JOHN C., HEITEMEYER, CLEMENS, HE Lp, Dr. R. JOHNsOoN, HENCKEN, HANCKE, HENKEL, JOHN, HENRIQUES, Dr. H. A., HERMANN, FERDINAND, HERRMAN, Mrs. EsrTHeEr, HERTER, DR. CHRISTIAN A., HeErzoc, LEwis, Hess, SELMAR, Hewitt, Mrs. Asram §., Hewitt, HERBERT H., Jaliieie, IBie 15. HiL._, Henry, HILyarRD, GEORGE D., HINCHMAN, WALTER, Hinton, Dr. Joun H., Hiss, PHILIP, HITcHcocK, CENTER, HOCART, ais che. HopENPYL, ANTON G., Hoe, RIcHARD M., Hoe, Mrs. RicHarp M. Hoe, Mrs. ROBERT, HorrMan, Mrs. E. A., Hortsrook, Mrs. F. G., Hovsrook, Miss Lirian, Ho.peENn, Epwin B., HoLpEN, GEORGE A., HOLLAND, HEDLEY, L., Ho.iins, Henry B., Ho.t, HENnrRy, Homans, Mrs. Epwarp C., HoMER, WALLACE, Hootey, Epwin S., Hoppin, HaAmILton, L., Hoppin, SAMUEL HOWLAND, Hoppin, WILLIAM W., JR., HOSKIERS, Ea Cy *HOWLAND, G. G. How.Lanp, Henry E., *HoytT, ALFRED M. Hoy, CoLnecate, Hoyt, GEorGE &., Hoyt, Goo.p, Hoyt, Mrs. JESSE, HuGHEs, CHARLES E., HuMPHREYS, Mrs. EDWARD WALSH, HuNTINGTON, Rev. W. R., HvupFEL, J. CHRISTOPHER G., Hussey, WILLIAM H., HustTepD, SEYMouR L., JR., HvutTcHINs, AUGUSTUS SCHELL, Hutter, KARL, Huy Ler, JOHN C., Hype, B. T. BaAssitTtT, HybeE, CLARENCE M., Hype, Dr. FREDERICK E., IncHES, GEORGE B., INNESS, GEORGE, JR., INSLEE, Mrs. HELEN C., IsELIN, ADRIAN, JR., IsELIN, CoLuMBUS O’DONNELL, IsELIN, JoHN H., IsHamM, CHARLES H., IsHaM, Miss Juria, IsHAM, SAMUEL, IvoRrvee aCe Jackson, FREDERIC WENDELL, Jackson, Dr. GEORGE THOMAS, Jacxkson, R. G., JacKSON, SAMUEL MACAULEY, Jackson, THEODORE F., Jacos, CHARLES, Jacos, LAWRENCE, Jacosr, Dr. A., Jacosus, JOHN S., JACQUELIN, HERBERT T. B., JACQUELIN, JouN H., JaMeEs, ARTHUR CURTISS, James, Dr. ROBERT C., James, Dr. WALTER B., JANEWAY, Dr. Epwarp G., JEIDELL, Hueu, JENKINS, WILLIAM B., JENNINGS, FREDERICK B., JENNINGS, PHILANDER R., JENNINGS, WALTER, JESTER, CLAUDE W., Jesup, CHARLEs M., JEWEL Capbien |Re Deceased. 22 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL 4SOCIETY. JEWETT, GEORGE W., LATHROP, FRANCIS, JouNson, Davin 5., LATTING, CHARLES P., Jounson, Mrs. F. Corr, LAUDAUER, I. N., JoHNSTON, WILLIAM J., LAWRENCE, Cyrus J., Jottne, ADRIAN HOFFMAN, LAWRENCE, JOHN BURLING, Jones, H. Botton, LAWRENCE, NEWBOLD T., Jones, Mrs. Joun D., LAWRENCE, TOWNSEND, Jones, Lewis Q., LAWRENCE, WALTER BOWEN, iupSON, ae By, LAWRENCE, W. V., Kaun, Louis, Layne, J. D., Kaun, Otto H., LEDOoUXx, ALBERT R., KALLMAN, CHARLES, Lee, Mrs. FREDERIC SG., Kane, JOHN INNEs, LEE, PRoF. FREDERIC G., KANE, S. NICHOLSON, Lee, J. Bowers, KaRATSONYI, MARTIN, LEFFERTS, MARSHALL C., KEARNEY, CHARLES R., Lr GENDRE, WILLIAM C., KeEECH, FRANK B., LEITNER, JACOB, Taoiieg, \yiuuid, WL. LEITNER, JOSEPH, Kern, DD. Es LE Roy, ALFRED, KELLEY, AUSTIN P., LESHER, A. L., KeELLoGG, Mrs. CHARLES, LETKEMANN, H. V., KELLY, EUGENE, Levy, EMANUEL, Kemp, ARTHUR T., Lewis, FREDERIC ELLIOTT, Kent, Epwin C., Lewis, Miss MARGUERITE, KENYON, ROBERT N., Lewis, Percy Pyne, KEUFFEL, WILHELM, Lewis, Dr. WitiiaM J., Kipper, JAMES HarHaway, LEWISOHN, ADOLPH, KIMBALL, ALFRED R., LipBey, O. B., Kine, Epwarp, LIEBENAU, ALBERT, Kinc, Mrs. LERoy, LIEBERTZ, JOSEPH, Kine, Rueert CocHRANE, LIPPMANN, DanieEv J., Kinc, WILiiaM F., LITCHFIELD, Epwarp H., *KiInc, WILLIAM W., LITTAUER, WILLIAM, Korey siRAr AC ine, LIVERMORE, JOHN R., KITCHING, FRANK W., LIVINGSTON, THomaAsS G., KLEE, BENJAMIN, LIVINGSTON, WILLIAM 6., Knapp, Dr. HERMAN, LOBENSTINE, WILLIAM CHRISTIAN, Knapp, JOHN M., Locker, CARL, KNOEDLER, ROLAND F., LOEBER, CHARLES, Kosse, Lirut. FERDINAND W., LoGaN, WALTER S., KOHLMAN, CHARLES, LONGENECKER, CHARLES, Kraus, DANIEL, LONGFELLOW, Mrs. FREDERICK W., Kretz, Howarp C., LorRInG, J. ALDEN, Kuun, GeEorceE J., Low, Mrs. W. W. KUHNE, PERCIVAL, LoweELLt, Miss CARLOTTA RUSSELL, KuNHARDT, Henry R., LoweLL, Mrs. CHARLES RUSSELL, Kuttrorr, ADOLF, LUCKSINGER, JACQUES, LacoMBE, Hon. E. HEnry, Lup, DuDLEY OLcoTT, La FARGE, OLIVER H.P., LUDEWIG, CHARLES H., Lacal, Dr. GEORGE, LUEDER, A., LAMBERT, Dr. ALEXANDER, LuNpD, Mrs. F. A., LAMBERT, DR. SAMUEL W., Lusk, PrRoF. GRAHAM, LANDON, FRANCIS G., LuTTGEN, WALTHER, LANE, Epwarp V. Z., LYMAN, FRANK, LANE, JAMES WARREN, LYNDE, Francis E. P., LANGE, J. D., McAtan, JOHN, LANGELOTH, J., McAtpin, Mrs. CHARLES W., LANGMANN, Dr. GustTav, McALPIN, GEORGE L., LapsLey, Davin, McCa.Lt, JouN A., * Deceased, NINTH ANNUAL: REPORT: 23 McCLuRE, ©. S.; MontTGOMERY, RICHARD M., McCurpy, RIcHARD A., Moore, CASIMIR DE R., McFaRLanpD, Dr. W. LAaNnpDRaAM, Moore, CHARLES ARTHUR, JR., *McKay, THOMAS. Moore, Miss Farru, McKim, Rev. HAsLeEtt, Moore, Francis C., McKim, Joun A., Moore, Dr. Joun W. McKINNEyY, GLENN Forp, Moore, Miss K. T., McLean, JAMES, Moore, Mrs. W. D., McLean, MARSHALL, Morcan, Miss ANNIE T., McVicKkar, EDWARD, Morean, Miss C. L., Mace ARTHUR J., Morean, Epwin D., Macray, Mrs. ROBERT, MorGAn, GEorGE E., Macy, GEorGE A., MorcGan, GEorGE H., MaGEE, JOHN, Morecan, J. P., JR., MaGe_ErR, F. ROBERT, Morean, JUNIUS S., MAHER, JAMES S., Morcan, Mrs. Junius 6&., MauL, WILLIAM, Morecan, Dr. THomas H., Marrs, GeEorGE H., MorreE.LL, Mrs. RoBeErtT LEE, Matt, PIERRE, Morris, Dave H., Mann, WILLIAM D’ALTON, Morris, FORDHAM, Mapes, DANIEL, JR., Morris, JOHN JACOB, Mapes, ERNEST 5., Morris, Dr. Lewis R., MarRKOE, Dr. J. W., Morse, CHARLES H., MarRLInG, ALFRED E., MorTiIMeER, RICHARD, MaRLor, Henry G., Morton, A. L., MARIS Cree Mort, HENry C., MARSHALL, CHARLES H., Mort, JoHn Bowen, Marston, Epwin S., Mott, JorDAN L., JR., *MARTIN, F. E. MUELLER, CHARLES F., MarTIN, WILLIAM R. H., *MuNN, Henry Norcross. MaRTINEZ MIGUAL R., MuNROE, HENRY W., MasLeEN, RICHARD R., Munson, Dr. A. E., MaTHEws, THOMAS, MuRGATROYD, JOHN, MatTTrHews, Joun H., Murray, A. S., MATTHIESSEN, MARIE, NeiLson, Dr. Howarp 6G., MAXWELL, ROBERT, NELSON, JAMES W., MEHL, Henry, NeESMITH, JAMES, MELLEN, CHARLES S., NEUMER, FERDINAND, MERKEL, HERMANN W., Nicuouts, Acosta, Meyer, N. HERMANN, NicHOLs, GEORGE L., Meyer, THomas C., NICHOLS, JoHN W. T., MeEyrowitTz, Emit B., NiLes, RoBeErt L., MIDDLEBROOK, FREDERICK, NoBLeE, ALFRED, MILBANK, ALBERT J., INOBIEE ye bien Gane MILEs, JOHN, NorrigE, A. LANFEAR, MitxirerR, Mrs. CHaR.Les E., NoOTMAN, JOHN, MILLER, Epwarp F., *Nott, Dr. FREDERICK J., MILLER, FRANK C., Noyes, Mrs. Henry D., MILLER, ROSWELL, OaKLeEy, H. CRUGER, *MILLER, WILLIAM R. O’CONNELL, MICHAEL, MILLIKEN, S. M., OGDEN, CHARLES W., Mitts, ABRAHAM G., OcpEN, M. C., lier, ID, (O),, OLSEN, CHARLES P., Minott, W. A., OLYPHANT, ROBERT, MITCHELL, F. KENDALL, OLYPHANT, ROBERT M., MiItTcHELL, H. RAayMonp, ONATIVIA, JOHN VICTOR, MoencuH, Hueco, O’RourkKeE, JOHN F., Morrat, GEORGE BARCLAY, OsBorNn, Mrs. HENRY FAIRFIELD, MontTant, ALPHONSE, OSTRANDER, Miss Mary M. * Deceased. 24 OrTtrEeN, Mrs. GERTRUDE, OUTERBRIDGE, Dr. PAUL, OveENS, JAMES, OvERTON, DR. FRANK, PaInTER, Dr. H. McM., PALMER, FRANCIS F., PaLMER, NICHOLAS F., PALMER, S. 5&., PANCOAST, RICHARD, *PaRKER, FRANCIS EyRE, Parsons, EpwIn, Parsons, Mrs. Epwin, Parsons, H. DEB., Parsons, JOHN E., Parsons, WILLIAM BaRCLay, Parsons, WILLIAM Barcray, | *ParsoNns, WILLIAM H. PaTERSON, R. W., Pau, JOHN J., ANU VV eee Oe *PELL, Mrs. ALFRED, PELL, Miss FRANCES, PELL, STEPHEN H. P., PELTON, FRANKLIN D., PENDLETON, FRANCIS KEY, PENFOLD, WILLIAM HALL, PENNIMAN, GEORGE H., PERKINS, ROBERT P., PERRY, CHARLES J., PETERS, CHARLES G., PETERS, SAMUEL T., PETERS, WILLIAM RICHMOND, PFIZER, CHARLES, JR., PICKHARDT, CARL, PIEL, GOTTFRIED, Piet, MIcHAEL, Pierce, HENRY Cray, Pierson, Gen. J. FRED, PincuoT, GIFFORD, IP AGT eB RAIN Ken eles PLYMPTON, GILBERT M., PoGGENBuURG, H. F., PoLanpb, DR. SAMUEL, PoLitock, GEORGE E., PORTER, CLARENCE, PorRTER, WILLIAM L., Post, ABRAM §., Post, EDWARD C., Post, GEORGE B., JR., PostTLEy, CLARENCE A., Potter, Miss BLANCHE, PoTTER, EDWARD CLARKSON, PotTER, FREDERICK, Potter, Miss MartTuHa, Potts, WILLIAM BREVOORT, PraTT, GEORGE D., PRENTICE, JOHN HILL, PRENTISS, GEORGE LEwis, PrimME, Miss CORNELIA, NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL, SOCIETY. PRINCE, EDWARD §G., PRINCE, Pror. J. DYNELEY, PRYER, CHARLES, PutTNAM, R.'M. S., PutTNaM, WILLIAM A., PyLe, JAMES TOLMAN, Pyne, M. TAYtLor, Pyne, Mrs. M. Tay tor, QuInTARD, Dr. Epwarp, RAND, GEORGE C., RANDOLPH, EpmMuND D., RANDOLPH, L. V. F., RANDOLPH, WILLIAM W., RanFt, RICHARD, RapaLLo, Epwarp S., RATHBORNE, RICHARD C., RavucH, WILLIAM, READ, WILLIAM A., REDMOND, GooLp H., REDMOND, HEnry 6G., REESE, T. T. REIMER, OTTo E., REINCKE, E. A., REINHARDT, GEORGE N., Reyno.ips, E. B., REYNOLDS, JAMES BRONSON, RHEINELANDER, CHARLES E., RHINELANDER, Miss SERENA, RHOADES, JOHN HARSEN, RICHARD, AUGUSTE, RicHARD, EpwIN A., Ricwuarps, E. O., RIKER, JOHN L., RIKER, SAMUEL, RrpLtey, H. DILion, RIPLEY, JULIAN A. RipLey, Louis A., *RIPLEY, SIDNEY DILLON Rives, GEORGE L., ROBBINS, CHANDLER, RoBertson, Mrs. F. P., Rosertson, R. H., RoBINns, THOMAS, Rosinson, Ext K., Rosinson, G. H., Rosinson, G. N., ROBINSON, HENRY A., Ropison, WILLIAM RocKwoop, WILLIAM H., Roe, FRANK O., Roe, Irvine L., ROELKER, ALFRED, ROESLER, AUGUST, RoceErs, E. L., Rocers, JAMES H., ROKENBAUGH, HENRY 5., RoosEVELT, W. EMLEN, Root, E Linu, Ropes, ALBERT G., * Deceased. NINCGH ANNUAL REPORT. 25 Rose, Joun J., Ross, P. SANFORD, ROSSIBER:, Ey Vs OW, Roru, F. G. R., RoTHWELL, JAMES E., ROWELL, GEORGE P., Runcius, CAR, Runyon, CARMAN R., *RUNYON, CHARLES. RUPPERT, JACOB, Ruppert, Mrs. JAcos, Russ, WILLIAM V., RSYZAUN ee ue ee RyLe, ARTHUR, SOHN) aby. Lees SACKETT, CLARENCE, SacKeEeTT, Miss GERTRUDE T., SACKED MRS! So. Hy. SaGE, DEAN, SAGE, JoHN H., SaGE, Mrs. RUSSELL, SAMPSON, ALDEN, SAMPSON, CHARLES E., SAUTER, FREDERICK, SCHAEFER, HENRY, ScHANCK, GEORGE E., SCHANG, FREDERICK, SCHAUES Clubs SCHEFER, CARL, SCHIEFFELIN, Mrs. H. M., SCHIEFFELIN, WILLIAM J., SCHILLING, ROBERT H., SCHIRMER, GUSTAV, SCHIRMER, Rupo.pH E., ScHMITT, WILLIAM P., SCHNEIDER, G. E., SCHOLL, JULIAN, SCHOLES Aw Ele SCHULTZE, JOHN G., *SCHUMACHER, C., ScHuUYLER, Miss Louis LEE, *ScHWAB, Mrs. Gustav, ScHWARZz, HENry F., SCHWEIZER, J., Scott, Hon. Francis M., Scott, WILLIAM, SEARS, ROBERT B., SEDGWICK, ROBERT, SEEPS Ag Tbe Seis, HENRY, SELIGMAN, ALFRED L., SELIGMAN, JEFFERSON, SETON, ALFRED, JR., SEXTON, LAWRENCE E., SHapPiro, D., SHAW, CHARLES HERBERT, SHAW, JAMEs G., SuHaw, WALTER W., SHEFFIELD, JAMES R., SHELDON, GEORGE R., SHELDON, WILLIAM C., SHERMAN, GARDINER, SHIPWAY, JOHN H., SHRADY, HENRY M., SHURTLEFF, ROSWELL Morse, SIEGEL, JACOB, SILLECK, HENry G., JrR., SILLECK, Mrs. Henry G., JR., SILLIMAN, HARPER, SIMMONS, JOSEPH F., SIMONS, JAMES D., SIMPSON, JOHN W., SIMPSON, WILLIAM, SKEEL, FRANK D., SKIDMORE, WILLIAM L., SLADE, FrANcIs Louis, SMILEY, DANIEL, SMILLIE, CHARLES F SMITH, AUGUSTINE J. SMITH, F. M., SMITH, J. HENRY, SmitH, Lucius H., SmITH, NATHANIEL &., SMITH, Puiip S., SmITH, RosBert W., SMITH, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, SMITHERS, CHARLES, SMITHERS, F. S., SmyTH, Puivip A., Snow, C. G., SOLTMANN, E. G., SOMERVILLE, CHARLES STUART, SOUTHACK, FREDERICK, SPEDDEN, FREDERIC O., SpEIR, Mrs. CeciLia M., SPENCER, SAMUEL, SPIEGELBERG, F., SPITZNER, GEORGE W., SPOFFORD, Mrs. J. L., SprinG, Miss ANNA RIKER, SPRINGMEYER, ALBERT A., SpurR, E. W., SQUIBB, CHARLES F., Souiss, Dr. Epwarp H., STAFFORD, WILLIAM FREDERICK, STANTON, JOHN, STANTON, JOHN R., STarRR, Louis Morris, STEBBINS, JAMES H., STEERS, HENRY, STEEVES, JOHN F., STEINBECK, EDWARD, STEPHENS, OLIN J., STERN, ISAAc, STERN, VESTY J., STERNBACH, CHARLES, STEVENS, ALEXANDER H., STEVENS, FREDERIC W., * Deceased. 26 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. STEWART, WILLIAM R., TIMMERMANN, Henry G., STILLMAN, JAMES A., < Top, J. KENNEDY, Stirtman, T. E.., Mopper Ele. Stimson, Dr. Daniet M., Tousey, WILLIAM, Strokes, El: B:, TOWNSEND, Epwin S&., Strokes, J. G. PHELPS, TOWNSEND, ISAAC, Sroxes, Miss Oxivia E. PHELPS, TOWNSEND, J. HENRY, Stone, Mason A., TOWNSHEND, JOHN, STONE, WALTER KING Tows, CoE Downinc, Stout, ANDREW V., TRABBERAEAT es SrouT, JOSEPH S., TRASK, SPENCER, Stow, GEORGE G.. TROTTER, WILLIAM, STRANGE, A. B., *TROWBRIDGE, Epwin D., STRATFORD, PRoF. WILLIAM, TROWBRIDGE, FREDERICK K., STREAT, JAMES, Truax, Hon. Cuartes H., SrrREETpR, DE Da Re TUCKERMAN, ALFRED, STUART, INGLIS, TUCKERMANN, PAUL, StuRGES, HENRY C., TURNURE, ARTHUR, STUYVESANT, RUTHERFURD, TuRNURE, GEo. E., SULLIVAN, Mrs. JAMES, TWEDDELL, WILi1AM H., SussER, JoHN M.., UNDERHILL, G. H., SUTPHEN, JOHN S., JR., UNDERWOOD, WILLIAM LYMAN, SuypaM, Harry L., UpMANN, CARL, SWAYNE, FRANCIS B., VALENTINE, Dr. WiLiiaM A., SWENSON, ©. A., VAN Bruna, Hons ©. EL, Syms, Dr. PARKER, Van CorRTLANDT, AUGUSTUS, TaBerR, Miss Mary, VANDERBILT, ALFRED G., Tart, Henry W., VANDERPOEL, Mrs. JOHN A., TALCOTT, JAMES, VAN DER SMISSEN, GILBERT, TaTHAM, CHARLES, VAN DER SMISSEN, Dr. G. J., Tarun, A. Ele, Van EmbBuraGH, D. B., TaYLor, DwicGuHT W., Van Nest, Mrs. ALEXANDER T., TAYLOR, GEORGE, Van NEst, G. WILLETT, TayLor, HENRY R., Van NorDEN, WARNER, TayLor, HERBERT C., Van PE tt, GILBERT S., TAYLOR, JAMES B., Van WINKLE, EpcGar B., TaYLor, KNox, VARNUM, JAMES M., TAYLOR, LLoyD, VerRp!I, Miss Mary, TayLor, MosgEs, VIELE, HERMAN K., TENNEY, C. H., VIVANTI, FeERRUCCIO ANSELMO TERRY, JOHN T., VOGEL, HERMAN, Terry, Rev. RODERICK, VOGEL, JOHN, Testa, NIKOLA, Vorce, A. D., THACHER, Mrs. GEORGE W., WADDINGTON, GEORGE, THACHER, THOMAS, WabDSWoORTH, CLARENCE 9S. THAYER, Harry Bates, WapbswortH, W..P., Tuomas, Dr. ALLEN M., WAGNER, OTTO, THOMAS, SETH.-E., WacstaFF, C. Du Bots, Tuomson, Davin, WaLKER, GEORGE L., THORNDIKE, Dr. TOWNSEND W., WALKER, GEORGE W., THORNE, JONATHAN, WALLER, ROBERT, JR., THORNE, NEWBERRY D., WALSH, SAMUEL A., THORNE, W. V. &., WaLTER, HENRY, Tissits, LE GRAND C., WALTON, WILLIAM, TIFFANY, Louts C., WANNINGER, CHARLES, TILFORD, HENRY M., Warsurc, Paut M., ‘Pines WOR ANS Who Warp, ARTEMAS, Titt, BENJAMIN B., Warp, Henry C., TILTON, JosEPH W., WARD, 5 OU2Ae. * Deceased. NINTH ANNUAL, REE ORT: WaARDNER, HENRY STEELE, WARDWELL, WILLIAM T., WaRREN, JOHN Hosart, WATERBURY, JOHN I., WATSON, CHARLES F., Watson, Rev. J. HENry, WEATHERBEE, Epwin H., Wess, G. CREIGHTON, Wess, Dr. W. SEWARD, WEBER, Loults, WELLING, R. W. G., WELLS, OLIVER J., WENDELL, EVERT JANSEN, WENDELL, Mrs. Jacos, WERTHEIM, H. P., WeEsTOVER, M. F., WHEELOCK, Dr. GEORGE G., WHITAKER, H. P., WHITE, ALAIN C., WuitE, Horace, WHITE, JOHN JAY, JR., WuiteE, LEONARD D., WHITE, STANFORD, WHITE, S. V., WHITE, WILLIAM W., WHITEHOUSE, J. Henry, WHITEHOUSE, WILLIAM F., WuitTinc, Dr. CHAR LEs A., Wuitinc, Miss GERTRUDE, WHITING, GILES,” WHITMAN, CLARENCE, WHITNEY, CASPAR, Wuitney, Miss E. C., WHITRIDGE, F. W., WICKERSHAM, GEORGE W., WIENER, FELIX F., WicciIn, FREDERICK HoLME, WILiuARD, E. A., WILLETS, JOHN T.., *WILLETS, ROBERT R. WiiiaMms, RicHarpD H., Jr., WILLS, CHARLES T., WILMERDING, Gustav L., WILMSEN, WILLIAM, Witson, Dr. EpmunpD B., WILsoNn, GEORGE T., Witson, Henry R., WILSON, WILLIAM, WILTSEE, ERNEsT A., WINANT, FREDERICK, WINCKELBACH, L. O., WINTHROP, EGERTON L., WintHRop, EGERTON L., Jr., WintTHROP, Ropert DuDLeEy, WISNER, CHARLES, WITHERBEE, FRANK &., Wirrean CamaVViee WittHaus, Dr. RupoupH A., Wo.trFr, Emit, Woop, GILBERT CONGDON, Woop, J. WALTER, JR., Woop, WILLIAM CoONGDON, Woop, WItiiam H. S., Woopcock, Epwin, Woopcock, R. C., WoopuHouseE, J. S., WoopwarD, JAMEs T., Wricut, J.. DuNnBaR, WricutT, Mrs. J. Hoop, WricHT, JOHN Howarp, Wricut, Mrs. MasBeLt Oscoop Wyckorr, Rev. CHARLEs S., YOUMANS, EPHRAIM M., Younc, A. Murray, YounG, FREDERICK STAFFORD, YounG, GEORGE W., Youne, JoHn ALvIn, Younc, JoHn W., Younc, RicHarpD N., ZABRISKIE, ANDREW C. Corresponding slembers. Barsour, Mrs. S. E., Brown, HERBERT, Brown, WILLIAM Harvey, CornisH, C. J., ELrop, M. J., GOLDING, Capt. TuHos., GRIFFITH, WILLIAM A., STONE, ANDREW J., Witson, T. E. Summary of fFlembership. Benetactors.2 1232 $402 ees en ee ee ee 1 Total numbenot “ounderss4 ee eee eee 24 2 s Associate Fiounders’.. 2 24.2.5--.- 12 - ss Patrons Herken Boater sone eee 44 sf ef ite Wiembers. s-=- oo Sees 182 i Annual Membersssasceeess- 22s nS Totaliof-allclasses; (Mayan. s1905/54 2245264 - 1,578 Qualifications for Regular {Hlembershtp. Annual Members 2a see - $ 10 Associate Founders...... $ 2,500 Life Memberso. so o¢..5.-% 200) SM OMUDGErSa sna sere eee 5,000 Patrons. ose eee ene 1000.4) Benelaciorssae a seneeoeee 25,000 Form of Bequest. I do hereby give and bequeath to the ‘““NEw YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY,” oj, thesCity Op ING Ofer s ee ee Orel ee ee = 5 yea . ; rare ; 4\ Pe ee) a. (@ 9 % 2 TLINKIT INDIAN TOTEM POLE AND HOUSE, FROM CAPE FOX, ALASKA, Triman. Gift of E. H. Ha Reet OR +O (ieEVEwer ee CU ES CO MEE Tl EaE URING the year 1904 constant progress has been made in the development of the New York Zoological Park and the Aquarium. Several new buildings have been opened to the pub- lic and many animals of interest and value have been placed on exhibition, but the almost continuous work of construction that has been in progress during the year has forced the Committee to postpone some additions to its collections. The attendance has remained satisfactory, and will be largely increased during the coming year by reason of the completion of the Rapid Transit system, which now terminates at West Farms. It is interesting to note in this connection that the maximum attendance at the Park for one day was on May 2d, 1904, when the visitors to the Park numbered 39,132. NEW BUILDINGS AND INSTALLATIONS. The new Bird House for small birds, located on the northwest corner of Baird Court, is nearing completion, and will be thrown open to the public early this spring. The south half of Baird Court has been completed, with the exception of the boundary walls. Much care and attention has been given by your Com- mittee to the study of this feature of the Park, and to its approach from the north, known as the Concourse. A satisfactory design has at last been obtained, which will in every way be in accord- ance with the handsome buildings on Baird Court, and work will be commenced on the Court and Concourse as soon as the weather permits in the spring. The Ostrich and Small Mammal Houses were finished and opened to the public in December, 1904, with their collections installed. The building for Asiatic deer has been completed, with eight connecting enclosures, containing a series of European and Asiatic deer, and on the west side of the Small Mammal Pond work has been commenced on an Aviary for Pheasants. 32 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIERY. The Harriman Totem Pole and Alaskan House front have been erected on the Small Mammal Pond, opposite the Pheasants’ Aviary, and now form a feature of much interest to visitors. Much time and money has been spent during the year on the renewal of the cheaply built walks and paths constructed by the City in 1899. In addition to this, many new paths have been provided for the constantly increasing attendance and to afford access to new installations. WEST FARMS ENTRANCE. At the end of the year 1904 a report was submitted by the chief engineer of the Rapid Transit system, recommending the exten- sion of the Rapid Transit system by viaduct and open cut through the Buffalo Range and forests and rocks east of the Beaver Pond, crossing the Bronx River between the waterfall and Boston Road Bridge. This, of course, would have ruined this section of the Park, and the Society made every preparation to oppose the scheme. Before this became necessary the Rapid Transit Com- mission announced that no railroad would be constructed through a public park. The road over the proposed route, with its noise and dirt of several hundred trains a day, would have destroyed the seclusion and beauty of the most beautiful park in New York. In order to provide for the crowds which will arrive over the new Rapid Transit system, which now terminates at 180th Street, a pay entrance will be provided at the southeast corner of the Buffalo Range and Boston Road at 182d Street. From this en- trance a direct walk will take visitors to the Antelope House, and another road will be built along the wooded ridge in the Buffalo Range, leading directly to the Bear Dens and Baird Court by way of Beaver Valley. The Motor Road will be connected with Boston Road through the present Buffalo Yards, and when equipped with motor cars for public use, will afford a direct and cheap means of transportation for visitors to any point in the Park. During the year the City acquired the block bounded by Boston Road, 182d Street and the Zoological Park, which will ultimately be added to the Zoological Park, and enable the Society to provide an adequate entrance and approach to the Riverside Restaurant on Bronx River. Plans for this restaurant and recreation station are under consideration and the building will be constructed dur- ing the summer of 1905. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 33 During the coming summer your Committee, in addition to the completion of Baird Court and its approaches, hope to pro- vide the following buildings and installations, in addition to the completion of work under way: House for Tropical Deer near the present Antelope House. Camel House. New Barns and Shops in connection with the Administration Building: Tortoise Yards adjoining the Reptile House. Grouse Aviary. Shelter for the Sea Lion Pool, Baird Court. Additions to the present series of Fox and Wolf Dens. Dur- ing the year work on the Elephant House will probably be begun. FINANCES. The year 1904 closed with a substantial balance to the credit of the Society in each of its funds, being about the same as last year, although nearly $20,000 has been expended for animals dur- ing the past year. Funds for the erection of the Administration Building have not yet been provided and are greatly needed, and special gifts of animals will be required during the coming year. Ammal Fund—The Animal Fund has been used to sustain and increase the collections, and the moneys derived from the various park privileges, which are increasing slightly every year, have been, as usual, placed to the credit of this fund. The year closed with a credit balance of $3,677.77, as appears in detail in the Treasurer’s report. General Fund.—The dues from members are placed in the Gen- eral Fund and devoted to the general purposes of the Society, scientific work and game protection. This fund can only be en- larged by an increase in the membership of the Society, which is greatly needed. Park Improvement Fund—The Park Improvement Fund was drawn on somewhat heavily to make good the deficiency in main- tenance, which it is estimated will amount to $2,500. It is hoped that the necessity of meeting a deficiency in maintenance will be avoided during the year 1905. Ground Improvement Fund.—The old Ground Improvement Fund, referred to in previous reports, and which was originally appropriated under Mayor Low’s administration, has been prac- tically exhausted during the year. 34 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETM. The complete statement of the entire amount appropriated by the Low administration will be found in the Treasurer’s report. The Society received during the year a new Ground Improve- ment Fund from the City amounting to $275,000, on which your Committee relies largely to develop the Park during the coming year. A further appropriation of like amount is expected dur- ing 1905. Maintenance of the Park (City Fund)—As your Committee stated in last year’s report, the Maintenance Fund for 1904 has proved to be inadequate to supply the needs of the Park, even with the strictest economy, and a deficit of about $2,500 will be made good by the Society. This amount would have been much larger had there not been delay in the completion of the Ostrich and Small Mammal Houses. These facts when brought to the attention of the Mayor, and the Board of Estimate and Appor- tionment, together with the greatly increased requirements for the ensuing year, led to the granting of an increased appropriation for 1905, thus providing the Society, for the first time in its his- tory, with the means to properly maintain the Park. The amount supplied, $134,965, it is believed will be sufficient to prevent a deficiency. Maintenance for the Aquarium (Aquarium Fund ).—The main- tenance provided for the Aquarium for 1904 proved sufficient, but owing to the Society’s extra economy for the sake of needed im- provements, such as an electric lighting plant, which had to be provided from this fund, the City underestimated the require- fents of the Aquarium for the coming year, and the maintenance fund for 1905 was reduced to $45,000. The Society, however, intends to make every effort to keep up the Aquarium to its pres- ent standard with this reduced amount. Owing to the decreased quantity of fuel required, resulting from the use of the new out- door tank, and to other improvements, the amount furnished by the City will probably be sufficient. Aquarium Improvement Fund.—A bond issue of $40,000 was provided during the year 1904 to meet the need of emergency repairs, which will appear later in this report under the head of Aquarium. A full statement of all these funds will be found in the Treas- urer’s report. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 35 GIFTS. The Society has received during the year many gifts, for which the Committee desires to express the thanks of the Society. A full list of gifts will be found on page 123 of this Report, but special mention should be made of the following: Gifts of money from Messrs. Percy R. Pyne, Grant B. Schley, Norman James, Frederick Gilbert Bourne. Riding Elephant from Col. Oliver H. Payne. Two Snow Leopards from Mrs. Hugh D. Auchincloss. A Baker’s Roan Antelope and five Punjab Wild Sheep from Mr. George C. Clark. Two Burrhel Sheep from Mr. J. J. Hill. Collection of Bird Skins, Nests and Eggs from Mr, C. William Beebe. In addition to the above Mr. Charles T. Barney assumed the burden of providing the entire collection for the new Ostrich House. The Society received a very notable gift from Dr. Alfred G. Mayer, in the manuscript of his book on Invertebrates in the neighborhood of New York. This book is of great scientific value, as well as public interest, and represents much research and learn- ing on the part of the author. The Executive Committee desires to take this opportunity to express its appreciation of this gift from Dr. Mayer. The Aquarium also received a valuable col- lection of fish from the St. Louis Exposition, through the courtesy of the Fisheries Bureau at Washington. COLLECTIONS. The animal collections of the Zoological Park have been throughout the year so large that it was impossible to make any notable increase in them, save as new installations were erected and made ready for occupancy. In number of large species, and in scientific as well as intrinsic value, the collections are to-day far beyond any point attained heretofore. It has been a stand- ing order of the Executive Committee to the Director that no opportunity to secure desirable specimens should be lost, pro- vided accommodations were available. During the year two exhibition collections required to be broken up, temporarily, on account of the building of permanent quarters. These were the collections of the temporary Small Mammal House and Pheasant Aviary. A third collection, that ‘duvdOdT NVIGNI NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. om of Burrowing Rodents, also disappeared temporarily, because of the necessity to renew all the wire-work of the cages, put in con- crete floors, and rebuild the rockwork. Next year, however, the complete restocking of these installations will show a marked in- crease in our total number of species and specimens on exhibition. The collections now comprise 1,802 specimens with 436 species. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. During the year 1904 the Medical Department, under the direc- tion of Dr. Harlow Brooks and Dr. W. Reid Blair, has continued to maintain the high medical standard at the Park, and their dis- coveries during the year of the causes of cage paralysis, a much dreaded disease among animals in captivity, are set forth in their report in this volume, together with illustrations of great interest. As heretofore stated, data of this character are being accumulated, and will be published under the direction of the Society, and will ultimately form a valuable addition to medical science. The increased knowledge and experience in the prevention and treatment of diseases and the careful system of quarantine for new animals now provided by the Park has resulted in a con- stantly declining death rate. The improvements in the installa- tion for our animals, and the replacement of temporary quarters by permanent installations has also resulted in the generally healthy condition of the collections. MEMBERSHIP. The membership of the Society on January I, 1905, was as follows: OUmMGeTS eS fa tacs-2'. Ss Cratos Sens wan ea oes 2 Nssociate Moundersia\ cis 7: @-A- a2 oe eee II PAthOMSm rere estes ces a ard cecness ) ke eee 45 Wine Vem eESiaa bast ot cero wet eee 179 Tina VICMDERS: .surrsd ge soe oe 1,314 GO alll eects ers See Aisha amt Semen et sueyae Sy Motallasty vedanta gh. aeoenioe os cece s eee MCT EASE ite Nysier net herd ceo oe rte 241 Showing a substantial increase over last year in spite of a large number of deaths. Efforts were made to increase the member- 38 NEW. YORK ‘ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ship during the past year, with satisfactory results. It is the duty of each member of the Society to supply at least one new member each year. It has been found that only in this manner can the membership of the Society be kept up and enlarged, and our efforts must continue until we are in a sound financial condition with a membership reaching 3,000. It is believed that a large number of young people could be interested in the work of the Society, and members are invited to use their efforts to get their young people to join the Society. PUBLICATIONS. During the year the four regular numbers of the Society’s Bulletin have been issued, as well as the Annual Report; and a new edition of the Guide Book was brought out. GAME PROTECTION. During the year the interests of game protection were seriously menaced by a bill introduced by Senator Dillingham of Virginia, repealing, in the alleged interest of the natives, practically all the restrictions on the slaughter of game in Alaska. The Society opposed this bill vigorously, and the measure has been practically abandoned, although still in the Senate Committee. __ A similar attempt was made on a smaller scale in the State of New York by the enemies of game preservation, by means of a bill introduced in the Assembly which sought to repeal the law prohibiting the spring shooting of ducks. This bill was also opposed by the Society and ultimately defeated. During the year other successful efforts have been made look- ing toward the protection of game, more particularly birds, in connection with the League of American Sportsmen, and other- wise. At the International Zoological Congress held at Berne, Switzerland, the Society was ably represented by Prof. Henry Fairfield Osborn, its Vice-President. AQUARIUM. During the year 1904 the attendance was 1,625,770, an in- crease over 1903 amounting to 77,879, making the average daily attendance through the year 4,454. The increased attendance was doubtless due to the fact that the building was kept open NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 39 two hours longer each day during the summer season, and that the Society has discontinued the closing of the building on Thursday forenoons. The collections of the building have been larger and more varied than heretofore; profitable exchanges having been made with the new aquarium at Detroit and the Government aquarium at the St. Louis Exposition. At the close of the Exposition the greater part of the Government collection was transferred to the New York Aquarium, through the courtesy of the Bureau of Fisheries. The improvement of the building from the proceeds of the $30,000 of bonds by the city has been continued. The large reservoir for pure sea-water has been completed and only awaits the installation of the filters, in order to be placed in commission. The work on sky-lights, painting and certain alterations has been finished. A further bond issue, granted by the city in the spring of 1904, of $40,000 has permitted the continuance of work con- nected with the more complete equipment of the building for the carrying on of its work as a notable public institution. Pipe galleries under the main floor are now being constructed, and this work will be followed by the introduction of a much- needed heating and ventilating system. Among the improvements made from the maintenance may be mentioned the introduction of electric lights over all wall tanks, for the illumination of the exhibits on dark days. This improvement has been a most satisfactory one. The collection of invertebrates has been enlarged by the plac- ing of eighteen thirty-inch aquaria on the coping of the cen- tral pool; while the collection of turtles has been accommodated in nine three-foot aquaria, placed on the main floor between the pillars. The work of labeling exhibits has been continued. A photo- graphic room has been built, and additional rock-work has been placed in various tanks. The fish-hatchery was in operation throughout the winter season, and proved a constant source of interest to visitors. Fish eggs were furnished by the Government, and the young fish turned over to the New York Fish Commission for the stock- ing of State waters, as usual. During the fish-hatching season the eggs and young of eight species of food fishes were kept on exhibition. Small fishes and marine invertebrates from the 40 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. surplus stock, brought in by the collector from time to time, were supplied liberally to the teachers of biology in the public schools. DEATHS. The Committee announces with great regret the death of one of its best friends, a member of the Board of Managers, Class of 1907, Hon. William C. Whitney, whose gifts to the Society amounted to nearly $20,000; also of Mr. Joseph Stickney, a member of the Board of Managers, Class of 1905. The vacan- cies caused by the death of the above managers were filled by the election of Mr. Frederick Gilbert Bourne, Class of 1907, and of Mr. Grant B. Schley, Class of 1905. The Society also sustained the loss of an Honorary Member, Monsieur F. L’hoést, Director of the Zoological Society of Antwerp. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Before closing this report your Committee wishes to express its sense of appreciation of the cordial co-operation of the Mayor and Comptroller, as well as of the Park Commissioners of the Boroughs of Manhattan and The Bronx. All these gentlemen have been very helpful to the Society, and have shown an earnest desire to facilitate and extend its work. To the Director of the Zoological Park, and to all members of his staff, the Committee again desire to acknowledge their appreciation of unflagging zeal in the interests of the Society. The good work of all the members of the Park force has been so uniform that it is impossible to single out any one individual. The thanks of the Committee are also due to the Director of the Aquarium and his assistants, and the constant increase in the attendance of this institution testifies to their zeal and energy. Respectfully submitted, CHARLES T. BARNEY, Chairman. Henry FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Mapison GRANT, JouHNn S. Barnes, PHILIP SCHUYLER, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, SAMUEL THORNE, Levi P. Morton, Ex-officio. January I, 1905. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE LANDSCAPE AND FORESTRY WORK IN. THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. N July, 1898, the New York Zoological Society took pos- | session of all that portion of the Bronx Park lying south of Pelham Avenue, and now known as the New York Zoological Park. The land committed to its care was found by the Society in a wild and totally neglected condition, with features of great natural beauty, but bearing many marks of vandalism. This area included the former estate of the Lydig family, who had cultivated portions of it, and for eighty years had carefully pro- tected and preserved the beautiful native forest. The Executive Committee realized that the installation of a zoological collection in this park required expert knowledge, and the landscape features of the problem have received the constant attention both of the members of the Committee and of the land- scape architects employed by them. The first plan for the devel- opment of the Park was prepared and submitted by Director William T. Hornaday in November, 1896. The buildings and installations were located on it with special reference to the needs of the various animals, and the availability of building sites. While the zesthetic treatment of this plan has been submitted to and modified by the various experts, the original scheme has been adhered to very closely, and reflects great credit on the foresight and skill of Mr. Hornaday. This preliminary plan passed through various stages, and ulti- mately became the “final plan,” which was formally adopted by the Executive Committee on November 27, 1897. With the ex- ception of Baird Court and its approaches, the landscape features of this plan were developed by Mr. Charles N. Lowrie in co- operation with the Director, and the portion of the plan relating to Baird Court was the work of Messrs. Heins & La Farge. In 1899 Mr. Warren H. Manning, of Boston, was engaged to make a study of this final plan, and he made several important suggestions, some of which were adopted. At this juncture the practical development of Baird Court presented great difficulties, 42 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL S@CIETY: and by the advice of Mr. Manning the original design for this Court as incorporated in the final plan was discarded. The architectural treatment of the buildings themselves, planned by Messrs. Heins & La Farge, was, however, retained in its entirety. The study of Baird Court in relation to its natural surroundings was then taken up. The direction of its axis, its levels, and the motor road along its western side were determined by Prof. Henry Fairfield Osborn, at that time Chairman of the Executive Committee, acting in consultation with Mr. John DeWolf, then landscape architect of the Park Department, and with Mr. H. A. Caparn, who had in the meantime been appointed the land- scape architect of the Society. Mr. Caparn served the Society in this capacity from 1899 to the end of 1904, and his plan of Baird Court, and the approach from the north, known as the Concourse, was formally adopted by the Executive Committee on November 14, 1900, after having been submitted to the expert considera- tion of Mr. Charles F. McKim, and approved by him. This plan was published in the Society’s fifth Annual Report. The architectural features of the general design of Baird Court, along the lines laid down in the Caparn plan, have again been submitted to Messrs. Heins & LaFarge, and their general combination of architectural with landscape features has been approved by the Executive Committee, and is now being carried out. In the meantime much attention has been paid to the care and preservation of the forest, and to the whole subject of planting, both for the present and in the future. All suggestions received from those who have been connected with the landscape develop- ment of the Park have been carefully considered, and sectional plans of the planting have been made from time to time by our Chief Forester, Herman W. Merkel. The plans have been con- sidered separately, and most of them carried out. Mr. Merkel had, of course, full benefit of the advice of the various landscape architects employed. The general plan of the planting and forestry of the Park has been to encourage the perpetuation of local types of flora, rather than an introduction of exotics either from the extreme north or south of our country. This purpose has been carried out as far as possible, even in bushes and shrubbery, although in some instances slight departures from this principle have been made. The Executive Committee also has laid it down as a gen- eral principle that formal planting of any kind should be con- fined to Baird Court and its main approach. The remainder NINTH ANNUAL REPORT: 43 of the Zoological Park will, as far as possible, be kept in its natural condition. In addition to the protection of the existing forests, a screen of thick planting will be provided along the southern and west- ern boundaries of the Park, to shut out from the interior any unsightly buildings that may be erected along the bordering ave- nues. In connection with the work of the forests, 230 trees have been removed, mostly on account of the decay incident to old age, or as a result of storms. This large number is due to the fact that when the Society took charge of the Zoological Park grounds many of the trees were dead, and many more were in a dying condition. At least forty trees have been blown down by wind storms. About 1,500 trees have been treated for preser- vation, and 2,015 new trees have been planted up to January, 1905. During the spring of 1905 many hundred additional trees will be planted. About 4,526 vines and shrubs have been planted, and 4,608 perennials have been set out. In some places where the need of shade was imperative, quick-growing maples and pop- lars have been planted for temporary purposes. At the same time, more desirable species, but of slower growth, such as pines, oaks and tulips, have been set out in order that as soon as the latter have attained satisfactory size, the temporary plantings can be cut out. The original plan of the Park was laid out with reference to the approach of the largest number of visitors from the north- west corner, by way of the Harlem Railroad and the Manhattan Elevated road. The Rapid Transit system, unexpectedly ter- minating at our southern border, at West Farms, has necessi- tated a complete reconsideration of the Park approaches from the southeast. The plans for these approaches have been re- ferred by the Executive Committee to a subcommittee on plans, consisting of Messrs. Barney, Osborn and Grant, in conjunction with Mr. James L. Greenleaf, who had been engaged by the Society as Consulting Landscape Architect in January, 1905. It is the intention of the Executive Committee to provide for an entrance at the extreme southeast corner of the Buffalo range, so that visitors can enter the enclosed area of the Park within two short blocks of the actual terminus of the Rapid Transit system. From this new entrance a walk is planned through the Buffalo range and joining the Beaver Valley Walk to Baird Court. This, in connection with Osborn’s Walk, will make a diagonal line of highly attractive paths from the north- west corner to the southeast entrance of the Park. From the 44 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. West Farms Entrance another path will lead directly to the Antelope House, the nearest animal building. The Committee anticipates that during the next few years the majority of visit- ors will reach the Park over the Rapid Transit system, and through this southern entrance. As the City develops, however, and new areas toward the north become more thickly populated, the entrances on the north side of the Park will also be called upon to accommodate great crowds, and they will be developed accordingly. The main route from Manhattan to the Park by carriages and automobiles will be through the Grand Boulevard and Concourse now under construction, and along Pelham Avenue, directly to Baird Court. The approach from Pelham Avenue to Baird Court will be known as the Concourse. and will be the formal architectural entrance to the main animal buildings. MapIsoNn GRANT. March 1, 1905. LIST OF TREES AND SHRUBS FOUND IN THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL, BARK IN BRONX PARK: Red Maple wun ese aor re eens 32 Ger UOTE Sugar Mapler- feast wey aranct ote 2 Acer saccharum. Mreesot -bleave..55 we ce ar hee oe Ailanthus glandulosa. NLA GI i crsteeeso ert ce SE Bt siento aus oe cere Alnus rugosa. Ampeli¢a reese sctiets) cats on 8 2 oc at aree Aralia spinosa. Swamp (Honeysuckle sea -sjecc =< er Azalea nudiflora. Swamp Honeysuckle ................Azalea viscosa. BeMZOinene | toe eae ts ee eee CHOU DESIZOUIE: Wihite inches ct cer see coed sete aera Betula alba. SWeetpbirch ec eine 2) neces eae ee Betula lenta. Poplar-leaved Birch. 32 33:2 ce ae Betula populifolia. CommonsBarbernypee eee eae eee Berberis vulgaris. Elornbeamt.. sae ee re Carpinus caroliniana. (CHESUMUTE oso eee are etree aero nes Castanea vesca. Watalwart irs fk eed in ee ee Catalpa catalpa. Catal pases otic ns eatin eee ae crore Catalpa speciosa. Shadsberny ai. ayes oe ea CeCe Celtis occidentalis. Button WBushs.c.s enc ee ees eae Cephalanthus occidentalis. WArSin:SsB OWT aciacct ere ets. ethene Clematis virginiana. Sweet Pepperbush. 2.3.5... sat ces Clethra alnajfolia. Wogwoods 0 82 (8s wae as Soe ee Cornus alternifolia. Kanmikinndk.9 70. = soe 8s acecieooease Cornus amomum. Corel ye te ee Cn re ee Cornus candidissima. Flowering Dogwood. 2.205.225.5502 Cornus florida. NINTH Red-twiggsed Osier:-25-4.-.--5- Aumerican) Idlazelusseneass 4). aes se esse Scanletwilawas sae doe cee: Deutzia. 2022. Weis elianrs se .-..5-o- +e eee ee $8,380.75 Subscriptions: Crantebmochilcyaeeee ane ee eee npr OOOO aes arritniaties aa saci seteanye rues) See ah 500.00 innederick G Bourmes..nc-- a) ges ae tl) 53,000.00 — | 10,500.00 $14,880.75 EXPENDITURES Generale lxpenSeSe ct aco occ 5 see sme oh cee $142.26 Pasko MOUSE! ete ented toasted et. os a gas oe 871.61— $1,013.87 Cashin) Treasury, January 1, 1905s.....0.-:% 2.22 13,866.88 $14,880.75 H. R. MircuHe tt. Percy R. PyngE Chief Clerk Treasurer. January 1, 1905. Examined and found correct by the New York Audit Company. 48 NEW YORK. ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. General Fund. RECEIPTS. Cashwinw Rreastinyam|iantianysaie OO4 msec Annual Dues from Members............ leitea Mem bershipehicesmaet ere eee Stokesme sundae Nitin Gl eee iene eee eee MiscellneoussReceiptsmees eee ae EXPENDITURES. Office urniturevand Pixturesas- eee ee Stationery. and Office Supplies. -54-5-44- a6 Photographsrandsslidess. ps 33 eee erie API MITANGINCDORG Herts iste bret eee eae d BOUNCE) Bite Darema SA ee Seen SCUBA LU sae haven peta 8 Miscellaneous Expenses and Supplies........ Generala@ fice ticpences nee ee aa eee @reasurer s.@iicesE xpeuses. 4. esa ee ae TDR ATEYR ove ste ecn c ieee a ene ea re Salanywotsecretainyen. = se ae oe emia yo Mailinor@ircularse sce nee oe eae: Employers lustiram cee: aan) career er Sooners Sirvony Wadoulote, ssdoccccoceoocae Publicationsitor Memberse. a sae eae League of American Sportsmen............. Mic Cabem aniac ec Stites ae iy acen a ie nce JENOUCIRE, Olt VNCCOWUME aAooaccgnsecsaeousdoasudas linterests Saecepe cace a eens eee eee toe NGIATAUITIAS EXC OC a1 OTLS eas ieee nee Cash Balance in Treasury, January 1, 1905.... H. R. MirceueE.t, Chief Clerk. January 1, 1905. Oe ose Aaa Se D2 OA ORT 4,400.00 150.98 25.00— 16,285.98 $19,126.12 $95.50 882.56 940.74 2,218.85 893.52 681.22 1,882.50 513.80 887.16 4,000.00 1,062.01 306.08 396.49 78.01 337-55 244.30 125.00 178.30 236.32— $15,960.00 3,166.12 $19,126.12 Percy R. Pyne, Treasurer. Examined and found correct by the New York Audit Company. NINTH ANNUAL, REPORT. 49 Animal Fund. RECEIPTS. Cashyiniireasury, January, 1 LOO4m eas Manstipialia: =.) apie ee 2 ei: 3 St 154 516 ; DEPARTMENT OF BIRDS. In this department the most important events of the year were the beginning, and two-thirds completion, of the large Bird House, the completion of the Ostrich House, and the beginning of the Pheasants’ and Doves’ Aviary. The temporary Pheasants’ Aviary was removed and devoted to other purposes than the ex- hibition of birds, and the collection it had contained disappeared from exhibition. On account of the plans for the rebuilding of this aviary, no efforts were made to increase the collection, either by breeding or purchases. The completion of the Ostrich House, and its opening on De- cember 25th, afforded great relief to the Bird Department. Sev- eral weeks before the building was completed, it was filled by its legitimate occupants of the Order Ratitae—ostriches, emeus, rheas, and cassowaries—and a miscellaneous assortment of large land birds which had been crowded out of the Aquatic Birds’ House, and sorely needed comfortable shelter. The arrival of three delicate but very valuable deer from Paraguay made it necessary, for the preservation of their lives, to quarter them in the best place to be found for them, which proved to be in two of the Ostrich House cages,—where their lives were saved. A full description of the Ostrich House appeared in our Bulle- tin No. 16. Thus far this building has proven a most gratifying success. Although as light as the outside world, it is easily kept warm and comfortable, and its living inhabitants appear to enjoy life uncommonly well. The series of cages with high floors dis- play their contents better than those which are on a lower level. A fine series of descriptive labels, a chart of the Order Ratitae and several large drawings of allied fossil birds, all prepared by NINES AININ UAT RE PORAP ( =) ~t CALIFORNIA CONDOR. Curator C. William Beebe, add an element of popular interest and value to this collection. The Ostrich House contained, on December 31st, 2 South African ostriches, 2 North African ostriches, 2 common rheas, 1 great-billed rhea, 3 emeus, 1 Ceram cassowary and 1 violet- necked cassowary. As rapidly as the other birds not properly belonging in that building are withdrawn, other species and speci- mens of struthious birds will be added. The entire collection for this building is the gift of Mr. Charles T. Barney, Chair- man of the Executive Committee of the Zoological Society. The completion of the Large Bird House, by June 1, 1905, will add to the Park a bird collection of great importance. This building is to contain not only the song birds generally, but also the parrots, macaws and their allies, the shore birds, toucans and hornbills, woodpeckers, and many large and important land birds of the tropics, such as the curassows, guans, spur-winged turkey, secretary bird and seriama. In order to reduce the cost of furnishing live fish to certain 66 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. species of fish-eating birds, the pond in the Moose Range has been well stocked with breeding carp, kindly supplied by the director of the New York Aquarium, and it is expected that many thousand young carp can be bred annually for food purposes. This will make it possible to keep a certain number of diving birds which until now could not be adequately supplied with live fish. In addition to the stocking of this pond with carp, a great number of yellow perch fry and young goldfish were placed in the Aquatic Mammals’ Pond and Cope Lake. The composition of the bird collections on December 31, 1904, was as follows: ORDER. SPECIES. SPECIMENS. Ratitae ais Aly sion veer eens 6 10 eXehavestaVeaines 45 Burns a4 oe 6 32 Stesanopodeses7 ae e aoe 7 24 INTISEHES a ae ete ae 22 221 Odontoglessaes. 25 see I I ler Odi@nes, weet ae 15 53 Paludicolae 4.5 tase 8 12 Tsimircolacenh ayes cee eae oe I I Gallinae Gott 2 ioe 18 74 Columbacgcs eis see ete 3 3 NCCIPIETES) vei cas, c Mero se iene 12 30 SUnI@eS et ae ree 9 25 SIAC OLN tee ete tee ee 2 35 RASS CHES cc emeie es et ewe 34 122 TAG @MGetS sec. sere ey ee 165 643 During the year several experiments of a very interesting nature were carried out by Curator Beebe. Complete success was attained in the rearing and keeping of the common tern and sooty tern, black skimmer, honey creeper, and three species of bitterns,— the latter the most difficult of all herons to establish in captivity. A large colony of laughing gulls was successfully established be- side the pool in the old Caribou Range. After spending two years in the Park, several of these birds migrated southward in the autumn of 1903, and returned to the Park colony in the follow- ing spring. A beautiful flock of 30 brant geese was placed on the Mammal Pond, where they attract much attention. The sandhill cranes in the old Caribou Range nested and laid fertile eggs, but failed to hatch them. The snowy herons nested NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 67 in the Flying Cage, but on account of the interference of the cormorants, failed to lay eggs. Among the birds of particular interest and rarity now living in the Park are the spectacle owl, tiger bittern, willow ptarmigan, little brown crane, banded curas- sow, Patagonian lapwing plover, great white heron and Indian adjutant. In the Aquatic Birds’ House has been placed a large upright wall case, of copper and glass, in which is now being arranged LLAMA AND YOUNG BORN IN THE PARK. a collection to illustrate the anatomy of birds of the more impor- tant orders, with a carefully selected assortment of eggs and nests of special interest to visitors. Upon the wall of that building has been hung a large and handsome oil-color reproduction of the Director’s “Landscape Chart of the Orders of North Ameri- can Birds.” NEW YORK “ZOOLOGICAL S@OCIELY: a CO DEPARTMENT OF REPTILES. At the close of the year 1904, the Reptile House contained the best assortment of reptiles which we have yet exhibited. The collection of serpents is especially rich in poisonous species, and includes the most celebrated types of the world. The recent accessions include the Egyptian cobra, or “asp,” the rare but remarkable bushmaster of Trinidad and South America, and a gray rattlesnake from Central America which is new to science, and is elsewhere described in this volume. During the past year Curator Raymond L. Ditmars has rear- ranged the reptile collection, and undertaken to provide it with the descriptive labels that have long been contemplated. It is believed that through a more comprehensive system of labeling, the reptile collections may be made more useful to teachers and students. In making these improvements, the numerous queries of visitors have been noted as points needing explanation in de- scriptive labels of particularly interesting species, or groups. To this end, maps have been prepared by the curator, showing in colors the distribution of families, genera and species of the poisonous serpents of the world, and certain large lizards. Ac- companying these is printed matter, explaining the habits and interesting physical characteristics of the reptiles in question. Two large charts, illustrating the classification of poisonous serpents, have also been prepared, framed and placed in a promi- nent position. These attract much attention from visitors; and additional charts of a similar character are now in course of preparation. During the past year the most important foreign accessions consisted of a fine pair of rhinoceros iguanas, two South Amert- can tegus, five specimens of the rough-eyed caiman, a Galapagos Island tortoise which came as a gift from Major W. de S. Maud, a reticulated python and two boa constrictors. During the summer Messrs. Adam Dove, Morris Pearsall and Curator Ditmars spent several weeks in Sullivan County, col- lecting local serpents. The total catch amounted to 273 speci- mens, representing 10 species, and the entire collection was pre- sented to the Zoological Society. In this fine lot were 44 speci- mens of the banded rattlesnake. In the Reptile House there were in 1904 no death losses worthy of note, and the state of the reptile collection as a whole is highly creditable to those responsible for it. On December 31st, a count of the living specimens on hand gave the following summary : NINGEH ANNUAT REPORT: 69 LIVING REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS. [ Chelonians (Tortoises, Terrapins and Turtles). 3 I i Crocodilians (Crocodiles and Alligators).... 3 43 leacentilians (Wizards and Vouanads ))-”...2-.-- 23 122 @plidians (Senpents))iiee a. sia ee 50 282 Anmap nibiaimseen e Serre te erteeteds ciel hte) oor: 10 7 m7, 643 A summary of the Zoological Park collections as they stood on December 31, 1904, is as follows: Mammals, aes ecs 22 ae «- 154 Species. 516 Specimens. ICS sore aiie Sieve cis Gist Sets 165 3 643 ‘ FRG PILES ercreysone ober, to 107 fs 572 Ge GATE MUD IAMS) ve ere hceesicts s 1O. 71 430 is 1,802 ze ADMINISTRATION. The most important new development of the year in this depart- ment was the Riding-Animal establishment. Early in the year, Chief Clerk H. Raymond Mitchell purchased an outfit of ponies, carts, harnesses and saddles, and engaged a force consisting of one man and three boys to handle the riding and driving animals. It was finally decided to use the extreme northern end of the Motor Road as a riding-animal concourse, and accordingly a stand was established by paving, draining and railing-off a suita- ble area of ground under the large oak trees opposite the new Bird House. The arrival, in July, of a fine half-grown tusk elephant from Assam, the gift of Col. Oliver H. Payne, greatly increased the interest of visitors in the riding animals, but the untrained condi- tion of the animal, and the preparation of a suitable elephant- saddle, occasioned some delay in the elephant service. The ani- mal was placed in the hands of Keeper Frank Gleason, who from the very first has handled “Gunda” with excellent judgment and success. Within three weeks from his arrival at the Park, the 70 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL, S@CGIBTY, elephant was carrying visitors, and unquestionably took quite a commendable degree of interest in his work. During his rather brief working season, Gunda carried 2,635 visitors, whose tickets yielded a total return of $395.25. For months past the director of the Park has been search- ing for two Siberian double-humped camels which were fine enough to meet all requirements. About 50 camels were in- spected and rejected, and during the year 1904 none of a satis- factory character could be found for sale. At last, in February, 1905, in a particularly good lot of camels imported by Mr. Louis Ruhe, two very fine animals were found and immediately pur- chased. It is intended that one of these shall do duty as a riding animal, and the other will remain at the Camel House (to be erected early in 1905) as an exhibit. The net profits on riding animals for the brief season of 1904, with only a partial outfit of animals, was $766.52, all of which has been paid over into the “Animal Fund.” Restaurant, Etc-—The patronage of the Rocking-Stone Restau- rant has increased in a satisfactory degree. Instead of a deficit, the year’s business resulted in a net profit of $863.24, a portion of which, however, was necessarily reserved for the payment of the usual loss on the winter’s operations. Owing to an unusually cool summer, the year’s receipts from the soda pavilions and candy stands were not so great as in 1903. The total net revenue from these sources amounted to $2,867.33. Telephones.—As fast as new buildings are constructed and occupied, each is provided witha telephone. It was found neces- sary also to establish telephone communication with the various soda pavilions, and this was done. A very satisfactory contract for the maintenance of the Park local telephones was made with Mr. George F. Archer, and on the whole the local service has been excellent. Storage Barn.—The present system of buying hay, straw and grain in comparatively small quantities, because large quantities can not be stored, is not economical, nor always fruitful of the best results in the quality of food. It was therefore decided that a large barn should be built, at the earliest possible moment. Plans for this improvement have been prepared by Mr. Beer- bower, and a first-class barn building will very shortly be erected. It will be situated on the site of the old store-house, about one hundred feet east of the present Service Yard. Along with it, new workshops will be built for the iron-workers generally, and NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. Fal SERVAL power will be provided for general purposes, both in the shops and the barn. The plant which will thus be secured will repre- sent a considerable saving in certain annual maintenance charges, as well as an improvement in the quality of hay and grain. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. As usual Mr. George M. Beerbower, the Civil Engineer of the Zoological Park, has been throughout the year closely occu- pied in the multitude of tasks that only a staff engineer can per- form. Aside from an unusually long list of routine services in connection with new walk construction, range fences, and the drainage and water supply of the Asiatic Deer installation, our 72 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SQ@CIETY. engineer's most important task during the year has consisted in laying out a new service yard, and preparing plans for the large Storage Barn and Iron-workers’ Shops already mentioned. Our engineer made a careful topographic survey of the un- improved area outside the Zoological Park boundary and adja- cent to our Southwest Entrance. This was submitted to Park Commissioner Henry C. Schrader, with a request that the Park Department blast out certain quantities of exposed rock, and replace with top soil sufficient for the proper planting of that area with trees and shrubs. During the year Mr. Beerbower performed all the civil en- gineering work in connection with the improvement of Baird Court, and the building of the system of conduits for the electric- light cables and telephone-wires. DEPARTMENT OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND PUBLICATIONS. The work of Mr. E. R. Sanborn constantly increases, both in volume and in value. In the photographing of Park mam- mals, birds and reptiles, his work during 1904 has surpassed that of any previous year, and his collection of animal photographs has become one of the Society’s valuable scientific possessions. These pictures are of constant use in promoting public apprecia- tion of the Society, and its work in gathering and exhibiting animals. An important series of illustrations of Zoological Park animals will soon be published, if possible during 1905, in a volume now in preparation by the director, for the special benefit of the members of the Zoological Society. The time has now arrived when our photographer must be supplied with a room and equipment for the printing and toning of photographs, and a helper to assist in this line of work. It is no longer desirable to have all our photographic prints made at a distance of nine miles or more from our photographer’s negative-room, with all the delays, breakages and losses that now are involved. GROUND IMPROVEMENTS. For 1904 the list of tasks accomplished under this head is a very long one, and it is possible to refer to the various items only in the briefest manner. As heretofore, the Commissioner of NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 73 Parks aided the Society by consenting that the particularly diff- cult tasks in road-making, fence-building, paving and other minor construction should be performed under the personal direction of the officers of the Zoological Park. It was chiefly due to this arrangement that so great a number of tasks were undertaken and completed both economically and satisfactorily in the work- ing season of 1904. The Ostrich House——Under a contract awarded and super- intended by the Park Department, the George L. Walker Com- pany erected, at a total cost of $36,890.00, a building 150 feet long by 29 feet wide in its interior, for ostriches, rheas, emeus and cassowaries. This structure was opened to the public on December 25, 1904. The exterior vards for this installation, eight in number, have been graded, drained, paved and fenced, wholly under the direction of the Society’s Chief Constructor, Mr. H. W. Merkel, quite apart from the contract for the erection of the building. The Small-Mammal House—For the accommodation of the small fur-bearing animals and many other small species not pro- vided for elsewhere, a building of the same size as the Ostrich House was erected under the same contract, and at the same cost. It is connected with its twin structure by a handsome and spacious portico. It represents the very latest improvements and methods in the care of small mammals of all kinds except mon- keys, and it brought its living contents through the very severe winter of 1904-5 very successfully. It is provided with 176 cages, and constitutes a very important addition to the exhibi- tion equipment of the Zoological Park. Large Bird House-—The construction of this large and impor- tant building, also under contract with the George L. Walker Company, began early in 1904, and progressed favorably through- out the year. The contract price 1s $115,644.00, not including the glass addition in the southeastern angle. This structure is in- tended for perching birds generally, the parrots, macaws and cockatoos, the shore birds, guans, curassows, toucans, hornbills and woodpeckers. The completion of the main structure is expected in May, 1905. The Pheasants’ Aviary.—In October a contract for the erection of an aviary for pheasants, doves and pigeons, was awarded to Mr. Conrad Hewett, in the sum of $19,546. The old aviary was immediately removed, and work began very promptly upon the new structure. The new aviary is 240 feet long and provides 38 runways of various sizes. The upper story of the shelter house 74 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIERY. is to be devoted to pigeons and doves. This installation is situ- ated on the west side of the Aquatic Mammals’ Pond, and occu- pies the site of the old aviary. GROUND IMPROVEMENT WORK UNDER THE DIRECTION OF ZOOLOGICAL PARK OFFICERS. During the year 1904 the Ground-Improvement force, working under the direction of Mr. Herman W. Merkel, Chief Constructor, has been larger than ever before, and its work has been not only of great importance, but also very satisfactory, from every point of view. The principal items will be briefly mentioned. Baird Court.—During the year a great amount of labor and materials was expended on the southern half of Baird Court. An elaborate system of drainage was laid, underground conduits were constructed to convey electric-light cables and telephone wires to all the buildings of Baird Court, and the entire surface was filled, graded and paved. The portions to be used as walks were covered with telford macadam, and after a series of careful experiments were finished with a tarred surface. The eastern wall was built up in conformity with the final plan of Baird Court, and much of the new area thus enclosed was filled in. The shade trees will be planted in the spring of 1905. Burrowing Rodents’ Quarters.—The rusting of the wire of the Burrowing Rodents’ Quarters necessitated a new covering, and advantage was taken of that occasion to lay concrete floors in all the cages, to make them entirely rat-proof. The rock-work was reconstructed on an improved plan, and, on the whole, the installation is now more perfect and attractive than heretofore. It is believed that the plague of rats which once afflicted this collection is now permanently abated. With the beginning of spring, this entire series of cages will be stocked with a new collection. Electric Conduits—The construction of a system of electric conduits, with which to carry electric-light cables to the build- ings of Baird Court and Audubon Court, was an important item of construction. All this work was performed under the direc- tion of Mr. Merkel, in accordance with the plans and specifica- tions of Mr. James Robert Moore, Electrical Engineer, and it is believed that this important improvement is on a permanent basis. The total number of lineal feet of three-inch vitrified conduit constructed during the year was 3,800. Rebuilding of Walks.—In the year 1899, when the total fund NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 75 available for the construction of walks, sewers, water-lines and roads was only $125,000.00, it was necessary that some of the work done should be on a much cheaper basis than was desirable. The walks constructed in that year cost only twelve cents per square foot, and therefore they were not of a permanent char- acter. There being no money available with which to properly under-drain them, nor for the laying of first-class telford macadam, these walks were found, in early winter and early spring, to be seriously affected by alternations of freezing and thawing, and often became muddy on the surface. The Board of Estimate having granted funds for the reconstruction of these walks, the materials in them were removed, utilized in various ways elsewhere, and the old walks were entirely rebuilt of twelve- inch telford macadam, thoroughly under-drained, and provided with catch-basins. New Walks.—lIn addition to the reconstruction of old walks, quite an amount of work was done in the construction of new walks, particularly around the Small-Mammal and_ Ostrich Houses. A new line was constructed leading from the Antelope House north on the axial line of that building, to connect with the two new buildings, and make their open-air yards accessible to visitors. A fine concrete approach, 18 feet wide, was con- structed from the Sea Lion Pool to the Bear Dens. This was made necessary by the very steep grade of the hill, which renders it impossible to maintain a satisfactory walk of telford macadam. A concrete walk 14 feet wide was constructed in front of the Reptile House, leading from the Sea Lion Pool to the Wild Tur- keys’ Enclosure. Asiatic Deer Barn and Ranges.——On a prominent elevation immediately west of the Aquatic Birds’ House, there was erected during the year a spacious and well-appointed shelter barn, de- signed to accommodate a collection representing the species of Asiatic deer. This building was completed and occupied in October, and it is believed that it may well be taken as a model structure for such collections as it will accommodate. It is now completely filled, and contains eight species of deer. Harriman Alaskan House and Totem Pole.—At the expense of Mr. Edward H. Harriman, the very fine Totem Pole and House originally constructed by the Tlinkit Indians at Cape Fox, Alaska, and in 1899 brought to the Zoological Park as Mr. Harriman’s gift, was erected between the north end of the Aquatic Mammals’ Pond and the Wild Turkeys’ Enclosure. These two objects together form a very striking and instructive 76 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SO Cina Y: exhibit, and constitute a valuable addition to the educational equipment of the Zoological Park. Cleaning the Bronx River—The extensive grading and filling operations necessary in the Zoological Park grounds east of the Bronx River and south of Pelham Parkway, afforded an oppor- tunity to remove from Lake Agassiz a great quantity of earth for use as filling material. This opportunity was improved to the fullest extent possible, and about three feet was taken off the surface of the mud flat in Lake Agassiz throughout about half of its entire area. It is our intention to remove still more of the alluvial deposit of Lake Agassiz during the present year, for use as filling material in the north end of Baird Court. If the deepening of the whole shallow area of Lake Agassiz can thus be accomplished, it will be a great advantage to that body of water. Among the smaller tasks of our Ground-Improvement force, under Mr. Merkel, the following are worthy of brief mention: A log-cabin shelter-house, of rustic spruce, was erected in the Mouflon Range of Mountain Sheep Hill; and from five areas on Mountain Sheep Hill, sod was removed, and steam ashes put in its place. An extension for the Chief Clerk’s office was added to the Service Building. A shelter-house for the steam roller was built in the service vard. A section of the old Pheasant Aviary, 40 feet long, was moved to the service yard, and fitted up as a room for the use of the Park workmen during the noon hour. Another 40-foot section of the same building was also moved into the service yard, and fitted up as a work-shop for our force of wire-workers. A temporary but very comfortable shelter-shed, 80 feet long, was built south from the Buffalo House, as additional shelter for the Whitney buffalo herd. This was of great value during the severe winter which followed. An iron tower, an elevated water tank and a gasoline engine were provided for the Nursery to place its water supply on a proper basis, and save costly pumping by hand. The Buffalo and Elk Ranges were ploughed twice during the year, to kill the poisonous grasses. A really great amount of labor was expended in the prepara- tion of the eround and fences for a series of 8 large yards con- necting with the indoor cages of the Ostrich House. The fencing NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. ae was made wholly by the Park force of wire-workers, and the result of this experiment has proven to be highly satistfac- tory. Guard wires to a total length of 8,160 feet were constructed along the paths and roads, of coiled-steel wire on wrought-iron posts. A special breeding cage for song birds was constructed on the rocky hill near the Aquatic Birds’ House. Two brick vaults for electric-light converters were constructed in the Lion House and Ostrich House. The three large outside cages at the Lion House received, from the hand of Carl Rungius, the noted animal painter, the land- scape backgrounds above and behind their rustic rockwork, ac- cording to the original scheme. The result has been cordially approved by the Executive Committee and the public. Maintenance Work.—The entire Flying Cage was scraped free from rust, repaired and thoroughly painted. Among other in- stallations similarly treated are the following: Ducks’ Aviary Fence. Wolf and Fox Dens. Raccoon Tree. Fence around Mammal Pond. Prairie-Dog Fence. 3eaver Pond Fence. Fence at Sea-Lion Pool. Fence at Crocodile Pool. Eagles’ and Owls’ Cages. Eastern Boundary Fence. All of the entrance pavilions were scraped and varnished, and the service buildings and shops repainted. Upon the force of maintenance laborers, under Mr. E. H. Cos- tain, fell the work of maintaining cleanliness and order around buildings ; supplying bedding, food and ice to the various build- ings; keeping the pools and ponds free from ice; removing the snow from the yards and walks; removing refuse; mowing the lawns; protecting the trees; maintaining and heating the build- ings; repairing cage work and fences; caring for the ornamental plants in the various buildings and throughout the grounds; rais- ing supplies of vegetables and animal food; harvesting the ice and looking after the hundreds of catch basins, miles of sewer and water pipes. and many other details. Naturally this burden of maintenance details grows heavier with the growth of the Zoo- logical Park as a whole. Mr. Costain is entitled to much credit for his handling of this work. Planting.—The entire boundary plantation was supplemented by the planting of low-growing trees and native shrubs. Exten- 78 NEW ¥ORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. sive planting was done at the Antelope House, after all of the surrounding area had been graded, top-soiled and seeded. This same process was carried out wherever grades were changed along new or reconstructed walks. Two beds of rhododendrons, azaleas and flowering plants, later on replaced by evergreens, were planted at the Pelham Avenue and Southwest Entrances. Three carloads of native rhododen- drons, and thousands of other shrubs, such as azaleas and plants of like character, were used along Beaver Valley Walk. This, however, was but the beginning of the ornamentation of this walk, the sides of which, on account of the varying condition of soil, light, shade and moisture, admirably adapt themselves to this purpose. PROGRAM FOR 1905. For the coming year, the program of improvement work is fully as lengthy and important as that for 1904. The most im- portant undertakings now before the Zoological Society for the immediate future are the following: The completion of Baird Court by the construction of suitable retaining walls, steps and balustrades, and the filling, draining and surfacing of the northern half of that area; The construction of the Concourse, leading from the Pelham Avenue carriage-entrance to the north end of Baird Court ; The construction of a rock shelter in the Sea-Lion Pool; The erection of a Boat-House and a Public Comfort Station near the West Farms Entrance, and a Public Comfort Station on the eastern side of the Bronx River, near the dam; The construction of a walk leading from the Northeast En- trance, at the Boston Road bridge, to Baird Court ; The erection of a house for camels near the Southwest En- trance ; The erection of a house for small tropical deer and antelopes ; The erection of a barn and permanent shop for iron-workers, in connection with the administrative plant ; The rebuilding of the walk in front of the Pheasants’ Aviary, and along the western bank of the Aquatic Mammals’ Pond; The construction of an aviary for grouse; The construction of additional Fox Dens, to complete the series as originally planned ; The construction of a walk leading from the Ostrich House yards directly to the entrance of the Reptile House ; The completion of the above will be followed as quickly as NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 79 possible by the erection of the Elephant House, and its comple- ment of open-air yards and bathing pools. For nearly all of the above improvements plans are well ad- vanced toward completion, and will be submitted at an early date. Respectfully submitted, WiLi1AmM T. Hornapay, Director. January I, 1905. SKIN OF INLAND WHITE BEAR (URSUS KERMODEI). pe specimen. Ty No. ANEW O WHITE BEAR, FROM, BRITISH COLUMBIA. By WILLIAM T. HORNADAY. URING the past twenty years, naturalists have been sur- prised by the discovery in northwestern America of new species of mammals so large and so conspicuous that it seemed strange they had so long remained unknown. The finding of the white mountain sheep, glacier bear, and several new forms of caribou and mountain sheep, have strongly emphasized the fact that the great Northwest contains many regions as yet wholly unexplored by naturalists and scientific sportsmen. Indeed, it may truthfully be said that in northern British Columbia, Alaska and Yukon Territory, zoological explorations have only fairly begun. There are vast regions, containing we know not what new animal life, which have been practically untouched by the zoologist. Excepting the territory drained by the Stickine River and a few of its smaller tributaries, northern British Columbia is, to scientific. collectors and students, a land almost unknown, and therefore it is an inviting field for exploration. In November, 1900, while making an examination of the skins of North American bears that were to be found in Victoria, British Columbia, the writer found a very strange specimen in the possession of Mr. J. Boskowitz, a dealer in raw furs. The skin was of a creamy-white color, and very small. Mr. Bos- kowitz reported that it had come to him from the Nass River country, and that he had previously received four or five similar skins from the same locality. Although this skin was of small size, and had been worn by an animal no larger than a grizzly cub one year old, its well- worn teeth indicated a fully adult animal. Believing that the specimen might really represent a new ursine form, it was pur- chased, and held for corroborative evidence. In view of the multiplicity of new species and sub-species of North American bears that have been brought out during the past ten years, it 82 NEW YORK sZOOLOGIGAT SOCIETY. is not desirable to add to the grand total without the best of reasons for doing so. Four years have elapsed without the appearance of a zoological collector in the region drained by the Nass and Skeena rivers, and further evidence regarding the white bear of British Colum- bia was slow in coming. At last, however, the efforts of Mr. Francis Kermode, Curator of the Provincial Museum at Victoria, have been crowned with success, in the form of three skins in a good state of preservation. They represent two localities about 40 miles apart. The four specimens now in hand are supple- mented by the statements of reliable persons regarding other white bear skins which have been handled or seen by them, and were known to have come from the same region. Following the route that a polar bear would naturally be obliged to travel from its most southern haunt in Bering Sea to the Nass River, the distance is about 2,300 miles. But the teeth of these specimens show unmistakably that they are not polar bears. There is not the slightest probability that albinism is rampant among any of the known species of bears of North America; and it is safe to assume that these specimens do not owe their color to a continuous series of freaks of nature. There is no escape from the conclusion that a hitherto unknown species of white bear, of very small size, inhabits the west-central portion of British Columbia, and that it is represented by the four speci- mens now in hand. In recognition of his successful efforts in securing three of these specimens, the new species is named in honor of Mr. Francis Kermode. URSUS KERMODEI, sp. nov. INLAND WHITE BEAR. Type (No. 1), a flat skin, owned by the Provincial Museum, Victoria, of an adult female; teeth and claws present, but without cranium. Locality, Gribble Island, western British Columbia, Tat 5325 3 eoninl2On Ve Other Specinens.—No. 2, a flat tanned skin of a very old specimen, purchased in Victoria, and locality given as “the Nass River.” Nos. 3 and 4 are the filled-out skins of two cubs, about the size of black bear cubs six months old. They were obtained on the Kitimat Arm of Douglas Channel, about 75 miles inland from the western shore of Banks Island, British Columbia, and belong to the Provincial Museum, Victoria. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 83 Description of the Species.——This is a bear of small size, much below the dimensions and weight of the average black bear (Ursus americanus). In general appearance its skin is like that of a long-furred and particularly handsome polar bear. Its color is clear, creamy white, with no trace of brown, black, or any other dark color. In the type specimen, on the upper neck and head, and on the forelegs, the yellowish creamy tint is well defined. The hair is all white, down to the roots; and on the entire animal there is not one brown or black hair. The ears are very small, and the hair upon them is short and rather straight. The pelage of the type specimen is very long, fine, abundant, and in places of silky softness. The hair grows in tufts, and both in quality and manner of growth it distinctly resembles the pelage of the Alaskan brown bears, rather than the shorter, smoothly-trimmed coat of the black bear. The basal half of the pelage is very fine, woolly and warm, and only the tip of the terminal portion is straightened out to form the rain-coat. Only on the forehead, muzzle and lower portions of the limbs does the hair grow short, and develop the straight and stiff character that is necessary, at those points, for the comfort of the animal. The pelage on the two young specimens consists of a dense coat of fine, woolly hair, through which appears a scattering growth of long, straight hairs. Both these skins are everywhere creamy white. The claws are dull white, thin, and strongly curved, repre- senting about 120° of a perfect circle, 17g inches in diameter for the middle front claw. The teeth differ widely from those of the polar bear, and indi- cate relationship to the American black bear, (Ursus americanus). The dental formula is as follows: - 2 iS = = Incisors om ; Canines = ; Premolars 353 ; Molars os) Sis) I-I ie) Sis MEASUREMENTS. No. 1.—Type specimen. Flat skin of an adult female. Length of skin, end of nose to root of tail....... 54.50 in. Length across forelegs, base to base of claws.... 46.50 “ Width of skin across middle of body........... ZALOOns Vel Mt RORNCAR rx ereetotec sted oe a alecn: alate neces aan eee 3.00 ‘azig jwanyeN ‘usumoads addy, wWo1g WMVAA ALIEAL GNVINI tO ALAAL NINTIA ANNUAL REPORT. 85 Benet Ob-Haity On, OCCIPUt. aces. ne oo cae cits a 2-00) in: Wenctheotalaiteom SMOUIGMEES 2. estas sce Saas fe ASO enethisor hai oni top Of back...s.m0s2. 44 ee a « 5.000 a Kength of hair on top of hind quarters.....:.... Aa5Or Length of hair on median line of abdomen....... AKO) weneuhvorhain in middle of forchead...\2.55.2... OO; Length of exposed portion of middle front claw, Ho lope GUE Viewer neces apache STS versa) spare eae Tee Length of rear middle claw, following curve..... TOO! ty Length of molar tooth-row, including large pre- IND OED Tamer ira rte ayant 2 Foicc rat Se eso st Weasel ssua'iA proasys Sus ar. Dr2e wn. Pensthoh upper incisor tooth-row... 225. -.... 4: 75) ae Canines distance between) Pomts: 4.4. 5. <6 e7On Judging by bears that have been weighed and measured in the New York Zoological Park, this animal when alive must have been about 27 inches in shoulder height, and its weight was about 200 pounds. No. 2.—Adult skin, probably of a male. Wenethendsor nose to Loot Of tail... 7s... 5.5 .-). 41.00 in. Length across front legs, base to base of claws, APP LOMITIMALC lye Woy ashey clos a aie eases Sas ee wi + 34.00 “ Hal CUOUMM OTM GAT ot Nie hun tanta seas Gaels ayers ee 2I50" > Length, middle front claw, on curve............ 150m Rela Cer OnesSMOUlGenSns vcftc sss 5 da asc % cee ea oe 2.00) 5 Onetoprothindwquartersic <5 s+ dt aces sus 2s weee 3:00) The teeth are much worn, indicating the approach of old age. No. 3.—Filled-out skin of a cub, in first year. WenethnendsOLmose to -base-Of tails ..ij 222 eee vee 22.50 in. Bem ctlhie Ofenead, AD OUts jade stl sis o7s acs, 6 wets roid Ae ease 7X00) Wencthwor aircon Shoulders: si... 2-25. «24s s45 se. TS Oue. (ensthvot hair on middlerot back... 2 =...) TSO * Length of hair on top of hind quarters.......... 17S Wenetimor Naim OMmsabdOmieli.. «<2 1 -cas eee oer Tes; be Length of exposed portion of middle front claw, HOUMOWAM ERO EVCLEE hice fortis eoeneee et Cake ere Ue TOO) = 4 Length of middle hind claw, exposed portion, fol- Nonny M ACUI Es oh etoiase, ow, gsi tceveip v's ere Ge meccetne .62 86 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY: A Mr. Cunningham, who is a reliable trader and storekeeper at Port Essington, at the mouth of the Skeena River, stated to Mr. Kermode that every year he gets some white bear skins, in trade, and that they have come to him “only from the district south of the Skeena River, and have been taken as far south as Rivers Inlet. The most of them, however, have come from Kitimat Arm, which is just north of Gribble Island, about Meats Aer The man who shot the type specimen (No. 1) has stated that he knows of 18 other white bears having been taken in the region which furnished the type. Apparently, the only reasons why this interesting ursine form has so long remained unnoticed are that no scientific collector has visited its locality, and the skins that have been taken have drifted into the fur trade, and quickly disappeared. No doubt they have been universally regarded, outside of British Columbia, as skins of young polar bears. i aes my ale ‘sar{[td_oy} woaMjaq payrroy ‘sopy.tny Joy vuenbe a[qv} pue ‘food [e1jW99 ay Jo Sutdoo ay} Uo pajyunou PiUeNbe [[eus FuIMoYS WALIVAOV MWHXOA MAN AHL NI TIVH NIVIN ¢ RELORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE AQUARIUM TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. HE improvement of the Aquarium building, under the ae auspices of the New York Zoological Society, made de- cided progress during the past year. The construction of a large reservoir for pure sea-water, the enlargement of sky-lights generally, and the alteration of un- sightly features of construction were all accomplished by means of an issue of $30,000 of bonds, granted by the city in 1903. A further issue of $40,000 of bonds was made in 1904, for the construction of pipe galleries underneath the building, the installation of salt-water filters, a heating and ventilating system, and other improvements. The work on the first two features is well under way. When completed it will permit of the new reservoir being put into use, and also the renewal of all worn- out piping connected with the floor pool and heating system. All the piping of the floor pools and heaters was originally buried in the earth underneath the building, where repairs have been impossible. Prompt attention to this matter became imperative. The work of excavating under the building was also necessary on account of the fact that the earth under one of the floor pools had settled so that the foundation of the pool needed strengthen- ing. All this work is being thoroughly done, so that in the future all the piping in the building will be accessible for repairs. A new iron and glass vestibule for the main entrance is under construction. Numerous improvements in the building and its equipment have been continued from the maintenance fund. Among these may be mentioned additional painting, the placing of foot rails around all floor pools, affording children better views than have been possible heretofore; the construction of a photographic room, and an attic room for the care of palms and other orna- mental plants. This room, well supplied with skylights, will serve also at times as a place for keeping turtles, which do not flourish in the exhibition tanks, where they are cut off from sun- light. 90 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY: Eight additional aquarium tanks have been located on the main floor between the central series of pillars, which have furnished a good means of exhibiting the collection of turtles. A further increase of tank space was secured by placing eighteen small aquaria on the coping of the large central pool. These supply exhibition space for an attractive collection of marine inverte- brates. Additional rockwork has been cemented into the large exhibition tanks, as backgrounds, and the work of labeling the collection has been continued. Special care has been exercised in the preparation of the labels, which are so complete as to render the use of a formal guide book unnecessary to the casual visitor. A very recent improvement of great importance has been the illumination of all wall tanks, with electric lights. This has overcome, in large measure, the darkness of the building during the winter season. The reception room has been supplied with rugs, curtains and comfortable chairs, and a number of semi- circular seats have been fitted to the outer series of pillars on the main floor. The admirable colored plates of the fishes of Porto Rico and Hawaii, issued by the U. S. Fisheries Bureau, have been framed in groups and placed on exhibition, together with certain tabulated information on the fishing industries of the United States. In the service galleries and elsewhere behind the scenes the work of improvement has been carried on almost continuously ; alterations have been made to lessen the cost of operation, in- crease light, provide for reserve specimens, and utilize waste space. A valuable bronze pump has been added to the equip- ment of the new sea-water system. The readiness of the Department of Parks and the Board of Estimate and Apportionment to approve the issue of bonds requested for the improvement of the Aquarium has been most gratifying. ATTENDANCE. The attendance for 1904 was 1,625,770, an increase Over 1903 amounting to 77,879. The average daily attendance during the year was 4,454. The number of visitors present on Sundays during the summer months was very large, records of 11,000 to 14,000 being com- mon. The building was open to the public two hours longer each day during the summer season, while the half-day closing on Thursday was discontinued early in the year. HEAD OF THE M: Showing the upper lip expanded in reaching for sea-weed. The outer edges fold inward while seizing food. , Photograph by W. L. Beasley. g2 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The following table shows the attendance at the Aquarium in 1904 by months: January ....Total number visitors 62,482 Daily average 2,016 Kebruary Ss. .5, z S 74,301 - : 2,504 Mianchit sae. Fa 5 2 118,356 oF a 3,818 April cs vs EOF UO > 4 4,544 Nia ree es & zs ¢ 182,917 - = 5,901 (GIG yee se Ai . x 152,498 ‘ 5,083 cicailayeteeaceste 295 4: a s 203,728 ie 5 6,573 AUSt ce eeu ae iH ne 222,725 2 i 7,188 Seprembenun wea 193,050 . = 6,435 @ctobetarss suas 5 135,331 * 4,305 November .. ~ iz os 83,342 i i 2775 Decembena- a. ii is 60,670 ¥ 1,957 Rotaligte le i We O252770 a 4,454 With the close of the year 1904 the Aquarium completes its eighth year. The total attendance for these eight years amounts to 13,270,589, giving an average for the entire period of 4,544 visitors a day. Since the opening of the Aquarium, on December roth, 1896, there have been no accidents either to visitors or to the building. The demeanor of the public, even when the building was uncom- fortably crowded, has been entirely satisfactory to the manage- ment. In respect to attendance the Aquarium continues to be far in the lead as compared with other public institutions. Its remarkable record for visitors is shown by years in the following table: ESQ Zin videtia eouaes cle baa euede aoeahasane oes 1,635,252 TQOS i Aleit te so iste, Rhee sense arel teers 1,089,471 TSO ciciaie oie Gees Sh Ge suse tusk ens koe oe 1,841,330 LOO ee ig eae he a cae epee Sareea 1,585,584 LOOMS ee Ce Pet te ene oy a 1,644,856 LOO 2 apes is ent wele Sate re nctonehnsen Tae 1,700,453 TOO. oie 5.5 kk Poe Rte Rueda deat ep aves fale 1,547,873 TOOHn iio es ek iets Sele ane erst es L,625;770 otal. soar Ratio cuegen sens Aes 13,270,589 Avetracesper day on s)5 1412 ses oe 4,544 * Includes twenty-one days of December, 1896. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 93 SS mermeeaataMeE en oe se aaa eer 3 iinet | mone : ONE OF THE BALANCED AQUARIA. Similar ones are being placed in some of the Public Schools of New York. Photograph by L. B. Spencer. THE COLLEGRIONS: During the year the tanks of the Aquarium have contained larger collections than ever before. Profitable exchanges were made during the summer with the new Aquarium at Detroit, and the Government Aquarium at the St. Louis Exposition. A fur- ther collection of nearly 200 fishes, representing 37 species, was presented by the Bureau of Fisheries at the close of the Exposi- tion, being transferred from St. Louis to New York in one of *Aojsveoq “YT ‘A Aq ydeasojoyg *‘pooj SuUIzIas Ul pastel SI peay YOIYM 0} YYSIOY SurmMoyS ‘AALVNVW DHL ONICHA NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 95 the Government cars. It included species that have not been seen at the Aquarium for several years, notably the grayling, red snapper and spade-fish. Four large sturgeons secured early in the summer, are in good condition at the present time. The usual summer shipments of tropical fishes from the Ber- muda Islands were received through the assistance of Professor Charles L. Bristol, of the University of the City of New York. The exhibit of brilliantly colored tropical species is always an attractive feature of the Aquarium. An effort was made to secure specimens of the white-whale for the large central pool, and a bid to furnish them was accepted from parties on the St. Lawrence River. The season passed, however, without any being captured. This pool was then sup- plied with four sharks, each nine feet long, none of these ani- mals surviving more than a few days, and it was stocked with small sand sharks, large drumfish, sturgeon and loggerhead turtles. Harbor seals were finally secured for one of the side pools. Important specimens of game fishes were presented by the Tuxedo Club and the Southside Sportsmans Club. A large specimen of the hawksbill turtle was presented by Capt. Wm. H. Blake. Mosquito Exhibit—During the summer and autumn a small aquarium was kept supplied with the larvae of mosquitoes, for the purpose of showing the hatching of mosquitoes in still water. A label was provided stating the facts that mosquitoes breed only in stagnant water, and are the only known distributers of the germs of malaria and yellow fever. Attention was called to the danger caused by unprotected rain-barrels, cisterns and ponds, and the necessity of obliterating the breeding places of mos- quitoes, in order to avoid the disease and annoyance caused by their bites. At all times when the building was open to the public this valuable object-lesson was being studied by interested visitors. As an exhibit of aquatic insect life, appropriate to a public aquarium, it was a decided success. The American Mosquito Extermination Society held one ses- sion of its annual convention in the Aquarium lecture room, on December 15, 1904, for the purpose of viewing a special collec- tion of living fishes useful as destroyers of mosquito larvae. Aquatic Insects—The small tank of mosquito larvae kept on exhibition during the summer, having proved of great interest to visitors, a display of water beetles, and other aquatic insects “AuvITeY pur IOOY ureut ayy Jo syury-[[ea pur sfood asir, ayy Surmoys ‘WOAINVNOV MYOA MAN AHL NI MUA NINTH VANNUAL REPORT. o7 will be provided in the spring. These can readily be arranged in small aquaria placed at intervals on the coping of one of the floor pools. Manatees —The Manatee or sea-cow obtained in September, 1903, was lost five months later from pneumonia, when the build- ing became cold through belated work on the skylights. Two more manatees, male and female, were procured in June, 1904. They were taken in Lake Worth, Florida. The young male died at the end of eight months. Many of its internal organs were infested with flat-worm parasites, some of which perforated the membranes of the brain and caused its death. The larger speci- men, the female, was eight and one-half feet long when received. The manatee feeds freely on eel-grass (Zostera) and becomes very tame, raising the mouth from the water for food. When the local supply of eel-grass failed in January the manatee was fed on lettuce and celery tops. While the male lived the pair kept close together both when active and at rest. During the first three months of her captivity the large female turned on her back each day when the water was drawn from the pool. This practice has been abandoned entirely, the animal now rests belly down, in the empty pool, with the front end of the broad nose applied close to the floor. In water manatees rise to breathe at intervals varying from five to eight minutes, and do not increase the number of respirations when out of water. When stranded they are comparatively helpless, making lateral movements only, and these with considerable effort. The accompanying photographs show the utmost height to which the female has raised her head above water in reaching for food, even when hungry. The young male never raised his head so high above the surface. All three manatees followed the attendant around the pool at feeding time, swimming very slowly. Their movements were always deliberate. Fish Hatchery.—Vhe United States Fisheries Bureau supplied the Aquarium, during the winter, with fish-eggs from Govern- ment hatcheries. The hatchery was tn operation throughout the fish hatching season, and the young fish derived from it were turned over to the New York Fish Commission for planting in State waters. The exhibit was of constant interest to visitors. It showed, in various. stages of development, the eggs and young of the Atlantic, landlocked and quinnat salmon; the rainbow, brook, lake, and brown trouts, and the Lake Erie whitefish. Numerous specimens of all these species were retained at the Aquarium, for exhibition purposes, and there is now a good col- 98 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY: lection of yearling and two-year-old specimens of most of these valuable food and game fishes. A supply of trout and salmon eggs was furnished by the Bureau of Fisheries to the New York Sportsmen’s Show, held in Mad- ison Square Garden in February. These were exhibited in a small hatchery erected under the supervision of the director of the Aquarium. An employee of the Aquarium was detailed for duty at the Garden during the continuance of the Exhibition to insure their safety. The eggs were afterwards transferred to the Aquarium, where they were hatched out, and finally delivered to the New York Fish, Forest and Game Commission for dis- tribution. A number of persons interested in fish-culture made repeated visits to the fish-hatchery, among them Prof. I. Itani, Fishery Commissioner of Japan. Before the close of the year arrangements were made with the United States Fisheries Bureau for the continuance of the fish- hatching exhibit during the season of 1905. WORK OF THE COLLECTOR. The collector, Mr. John J. DeNyse, has procured not only the supply of local marine specimens, but gathered great quantities of minnows and shrimps as live food. He has also gathered, at no small effort, large quantities of eel-grass, used as food for the manatees. One of his trips, extending as far as Lake Chau- tauqua, resulted in several large specimens of muskallunge. In procuring local fresh-water fishes he has had the assistance of other employees. The surplus of marine invertebrates, procured by the collector, has been supplied freely to teachers in the public schools. SMALL AQUARIA IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The New York Aquarium continues to assist teachers of biology in the schools, by furnishing from its surplus stock, speci- mens of marine invertebrates for school aquaria. No expense is incurred other than the time and carfare of the messenger delivering the specimens. The necessary aquaria jars are pro- vided by the schools, and teachers visit the laboratory at the Aquarium, where instruction in caring for small aquaria is given by Mr. L. B. Spencer. The number of aquaria already stocked is about 180, and no specimens have been supplied except at the special request of the principal or teacher. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 99 An increasing number of teachers from the public schools and other educational institutions have visited the Aquarium with their classes. They have had the freedom of the large labora- tory on the second floor, where living corals, marine worms, and other delicate organisms afford opportunity for elementary instruction in natural history. DENSITY OBSERVATIONS AT THE AQUARIUM. Daily observations respecting the fluctuating density of the salt water used at the Aquarium were continued during the year. Reference has been made in previous reports to the fact that the sea fishes at the Aquarium have always been kept in brack- ish water. The accompanying table of monthly mean densities for the year, shows that the so-called salt-water averaged about half fresh from month to month. The daily records, however, show that during many weeks, from March to June, the water was fully three-quarters fresh. In fact, the daily observations of 1903 contain many consecutive records of density as low as 1.006: MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURES AND SPECIFIC GRAVITIES AT THE NEW YORK AQUARIUM DURING THE YEAR I90O4. (From the daily observations made by Mr. W. I. DeNyse.)* Temperature Months. of water. Specific gravity. AATIM ANY: ice cla eee: 34 1.014 MED GUA one net 33 1.014 ULE Nigel cP eee eas Hae near 36 1.013 fe glee aac tee ak at eer 40 1.009 INN Abe ties eer nie anes eae 52 1.010 "fae aere ete atin a eee 61 1.010 Ufialiyere teeth isis efor 70 1.013 PNUIS USO ley Wat ceaieays.s 25: Fal 1.014 Sepremivete sence oe 68 1.014 Octobereeas en shc0is. 59 1.013 IN@VEMDED 2 bd encase 51 1.013 December (for 26 days) 39 T.015 Most sea fishes cannot live long in water so nearly fresh as the above record shows it to be. If it were not for the fact * Density observations were made with samples of water brought to a tem- perature of 60° Fahr. sdtury d1jSeja pue suidid ‘syuv) oAsosar ‘syur}-[[eM Jamo] ay} BuImoys WOALIVNOV MYOA MAN AHL NI AMATIVS AOIAMAS NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 101 that a limited number of species do withstand it for considerable periods, the renewal of the supply of sea fishes would be neces- sary more frequently. The completion of the work on filters, now in progress, will permit of the new reservoir for pure sea water being brought into use, when immediate relief from troubles due to brackish water may be expected. The long endurance, under these condi- tions, of the species named below is very interesting zoologically : SEA FISHES FROM THE BERMUDA ISLANDS WHICH HAVE LIVED FOR LONG PERIODS AT THE NEW YORK AQUARIUM, IN WATER RANGING IN DENSITY FROM 1.016 DOWN TO 1.005. Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatis)...-...... 7 years. Gray snapper (Larainis erIScUS i ea ax os eee 7 years. Spot snapper (Neomems synagrus)..........+.- 6 years. Squirrel-fish (Holocentrus ascencionis)........4. 5 years. NimMper She SeCFLOlG TAIGMAI)\ 2a. 32s nko eens 5 years. Sitiped orunt, (Haegmulow clevais).. «1. 2..2-+-- 5 years. Aneelensh (Angelichthys ciliaris)... .....25 2+: Beyeaus: iticeer-tish (Balistes carolinensis... .<.cke a: 5 years. Speconsnsine( ieutis Wepants) 2. «- ss ee a 4 years. Greensinoray (Lycodontis funevrs 2s... si 4 years. Common rockfish (Mycteroperca bonact)........ 4 years. Reduhind: (CEpmephelus eutiaius) 0. 20... ases- 3 years. Mellowecail (OCW UIAtS CUINSUTUS)) on. 2: ee tant me dene 3 years. SHUDS TOE “BISE SDISDASES: Like all institutions of the kind, the Aquarium suffers losses of specimens from causes other than those attributable to a bad water supply. As diseases of several kinds are common, arrange- ments have been made recently for the pathological examina- tion of all fishes dying in the Aquarium. All specimens lost, from any cause whatever, are now sent to a physiological labora- tory for examination. The fishes are fully labeled as to name, locality, time kept in the Aquarium, and duration of disease. These data, together with subsequent notes by the pathologist on each specimen, will, it is believed, constitute a record of value to aquarists, and lead to more successful management of fishes in captivity. 102 NEW. YORK, ZOOLOGICALSSOCIETY. GUIDE BOOK. The preparation of a useful guide book is well advanced. Serious consideration is being given to this feature of the work of the Society, in order that it may be made a book of perma- nent value. It will contain not only an account of the collec- tions in the building, but considerable information respecting the methods employed in operating a great aquarium; such, for in- stance, as its mechanical equipment, water supply, and the gath- ering and feeding of the collections. It will be illustrated with a fine series of original photographs from life. The manuscript and illustrations of a work on The Inverte- brates of the New York Coast were recently presented to the Society by Dr. Alfred G. Mayer, Director of the Marine Biolog-. ical Station of the Carnegie Institution at the Dry Tortugas Islands, Florida. This work now in the hands of the printer, will be placed on sale at the Aquarium and elsewhere. All in- come derived from it is to be applied to the improvement of the Aquarium. Being a work based on the sea-shore life of the coast adjacent to New York, it will be not only a natural history of local invertebrates, but also a reference book admirably adapted for the use of those studying such forms of life in the Aquarium. It is the intention to place on exhibition, many species of inverte- brates as soon as the improvement of the water supply can be effected. Dr. Mayer’s book, and the guide book which will fol- low it, will constitute Nos. I and II of The New York Aquarium Nature Series, and other small publications on subjects pertinent to the work of a great aquarium will be issued later. LIBRARY. The small library attached to the director’s office has re- ceived some very desirable additions during the year, both as gifts and by purchase. It is limited to works relating to fishes, fish-culture, the fishery industries, angling, marine mammals, reptiles, invertebrates, and aquatic life in general. Authors and scientific institutions have presented special papers on these sub- jects.* The library of works on angling and fish culture, formed by the late Nelson Cheney, being offered for sale, a number of very desirable books were secured. The Smithsonian Institution and the United States Fisheries Bureau presented, as usual, their valuable annual publications. * See list of gifts to the library. NINDH ANNUAL REPORT. 103 The New York Forest, Fish and Game Commission presented a portfolio of colored plates of fishes and game animals of New York. Messrs. Julius Bien & Co. presented 119 colored plates of fishes of the Bermuda and Hawaiian islands. The books of the Aquarium are frequently used by teachers, newspaper men, and nature students. The great variety of species of vertebrates on exhibition at the Aquarium at various times during the year is deserving of special mention. More than two hundred and thirteen different species of fishes and other aquatic vertebrates have been shown alive. Of these, thirty-four species were turtles, salamanders, and crocodilians. The only mammals in the Aquarium are the manatee and the harbor seal. These 213 species are carried in 100 wall tanks, seven floor pools and eight small aquaria. They are collected from a region ex- tending from Maine to California, and from the Great Lakes to Florida and the Bermuda Islands. The total number of specimens of vertebrates in the building on December 31, 1904, exclusive of young fry from the fish hatchery, and of all invertebrates, was 2,391. A list of the species shown in 1904, at least 150 of which are almost constantly on exhibition, is published herewith in full. Respectfully submitted, Cuartes H. TowNsenp, Director. January I, 1905. i 4 ss S KRPORIEOR a we ' ve oY, } AA RARKARAD , yey YY YY YY YY VY FEEDING THE HARBOR SEALS. Photograph by W. L. Beasley. NOTES ON CERTAIN BINNIREDs; WITH DATA RESPECTING THEIR PRESENT COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE By <@ El. TOWNSEND: HE history of the world’s seal fisheries is largely one of wasted resources. Very few sealing industries have been conducted according to methods calculated to perpetuate the race. From a commercial point of view, seals are the most important of the carnivorous animals. As a group they are probably also the most abundant of the larger wild mammals at the present time. It is doubtful if the herds of bison in America and of antelopes in Africa ever exceeded them in point of numbers. They are of world-wide distribution. Their pursuit has been carried on in the Antarctic as well as in the Arctic, but the sealing grounds of the Antarctic regions have long been ex- hausted commercially. Although the fur-seal fisheries of the North Pacific have received much international consideration during recent years, they are not the only seal fisheries of 1m- portance. Newfoundland Seal—The Newfoundland sealing industry is more than one hundred years old. It appears to have reached its height about forty years ago, when there were about 400 sail- ing vessels and 13,000 men employed. Since that time the catch of seals has decreased and has varied from year to year. The sailing vessels have been replaced by steamers whose numbers, at the present time, vary from twenty to twenty-five and employ from 3,000 to 4,000 men. ‘The industry is based on the Green- land or harp seal (Phoca groenlandica), which has a very wide distribution and is probably the most abundant of any species of seal. A small number of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) is included in the annual catch. It is taken upon the Arctic ice, from Newfoundland to Baffin Bay, and from Greenland across to the perpetual ice fields north of Europe. The greatest catch of seals made in one year was in 1844, when the number reached nearly 700,000. During the past six years the catch has varied from 268,881 to 353,276. The steamers employed are of con- siderable size, some of them of 500 tons burden. The seals are 106 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY: taken on their breeding places on the drifting ice, where the crews land and kill the younger animals by clubbing. More than ninety per cent. of the catch is made up of young seals, taken before they are three weeks old, when they are large enough to enter the water. Owing to the fact that this species is taken upon the ice fields, and that the latter are at times greatly. disturbed by storms, the catch of seals is subjected to certain natural lim- itations. After the more effective steamers had replaced sailing vessels it became necessary to place restrictions upon the slaugh- ter of the animals. At the present time the season begins March 16 and the period during which seals are taken upon the ice lasts little longer than a month. The products utilized are the hides and oil, and the results of the industry from 1899 to date are as follows: Year 1899, Seals 268,881, Net Value $342,378. 1900, B52 705 483,601. LOOT) Wy oe) 345,055.26 mae cos 1902, BM 27 ARBOR Tee 402,623. LOO3;0 fm OL 73500 aa or e195 7076 ST GO4 a) 6082945473) 5 i) Ae 08,704" Southern Sea Elephant.—One of the practically exhausted seal fisheries is that based upon the sea-elephant or elephant seal (Macrorhinus leoninus), which once abounded on many of the islands off the southern portion of South America and on the Antarctic islands generally. Sea-elephants existed on their natu- ral breeding grounds in great numbers, where they were killed for their oil, the skins having little value. No precautions were ever taken to preserve the race, and the species became scarce. The taking of the sea-elephant as an industry practically died out a number of years ago, which gave the scattered remnants of the race an opportunity to increase. The killing of sea-ele- phants in the Antarctic was revived about ten years ago at Ker- Caspian Seal.—Although seal fisheries are naturally associated with the great oceans, an important sealing industry is that of the Caspian Sea, which has long been carried on in this inland brackish lake. The seal which is the basis of this fishery (Phoca caspica), is a species peculiar to the locality, which probably found its way to its present habitat in very ancient times when the Caspian was connected with other seas. About thirty years ago the average annual seal catch in the Caspian Sea was slightly over 100,000, worth in skins and oil $350,000. There are no recent data at hand. Lake Baikal Seal——Another seal (Phoca sibirica), remarkable chiefly for its habitat, is that found in Lake Baikal in the heart of Siberia. Here, however, the range of seals is restricted to a body of water only 400 miles long, and their numbers are too small to be of more than local importance. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 107 guelen Island by a vessel from New London, Conn. In 1897 a vessel from Boston visited Kerguelen Island and secured about 4,000 of the animals, which yielded 1,700 barrels of oil. A sub- equent voyage was made to the same locality when the supply of seals was exhausted. Northern Sea-Elephant.—An off-shoot of this species formerly existed along the coast of western North America from the islands of Southern California to the southern part of the peninsula of Lower California. It was for many years the basis of a seal- ing industry of no small importance, but was abandoned many years ago on account of the practical extermination of the species. In 1884 the writer visited Lower California in search of speci- mens of the sea-elephant for museum purposes. Although nearly the entire west coast of the peninsula was explored, only eighteen of the animals were found. In 1892 the writer visited Guada- lupe Island, off the coast of Lower California, where six more specimens were secured. This species, known as Macrorhinus angustirostris, may be considered practically extinct, althougn a few stragglers were taken in 1904 by Capt. J. R. Mullett, of Monterey, California. The sea-elephant is the largest of the pinnipeds, old males sometimes exceeding a length of twenty feet. Walrus—The walrus (Odobenus), which is of circumpolar distribution, is another pinniped which has been exterminated in all of its more accessible resorts. It is now obtained only in its scattered hiding places in the Arctic. In 1899 there were impor- tant numbers in Bering Sea along the north shore of the Alaska peninsula, where the writer met with a vessel which had killed 1,600. The walrus is now seldom seen in that region. A cen- tury ago the walrus was sometimes found as far south as the St. Lawrence River in the Atlantic. Walrus ivory continues to reach the world’s markets, but the supply in quantities of com- mercial importance can no longer be depended upon. West-Indian Seal—The West-Indian seal (.Wonachus tropic- alis) was formerly abundant in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, extending northeastward to the Florida Keys and the Bahama Islands. This species, valuable for its oil, was prac- tically exterminated over one hundred years ago. A few indi- viduals of the race still linger on the Triangle Islands in the Gulf of Campeachy, where occasional specimens are procured for museum purposes. A seal of this species lived five-and-a-half years in the New York Aquarium. Antarctic Seals—The various species of Antarctic fur seals (Genus Arctocephalus), were found about the southern shores yUasSUMOL “EL ‘OD Aq payea[[oD D -q ‘uo ZuryseA\ “UMasnpY [PUOEN otf} Wi Wotutdeds v LOI] ‘CUdOITHAMGNA SIOSODOUd “AIVINN DNOOA “TVAS LNVHda Td NaTHLYON NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 109 and islands of South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and the islands of the Antarctic generally. About the close of the eighteenth century a traffic sprang up in the skins of fur-seals, and as the result of the many voyages made to those distant regions enormous numbers of fur seals were taken. They exist to-day as mere remnants of the great herds that were once found in those regions. By 1830 the supply of fur seals in the southern seas was nearly exhausted. In this sealing no discrimination was made in the character of the seals taken; all animals whose skins were of any value were slaugh- tered, and the newly born young, usually left on the killing grounds, died in consequence. In the rush for seals to the Ant- arctic sealing grounds, the markets were frequently glutted and much of the catch wasted. There are few parts of the world where seals of some species do not occur. All seals breed on land or on ice floes, and return, after their migrations, to their accustomed breeding places with great persistence. They can seldom be driven entirely away, stupidly lingering until brought near to the point of extermina- tion. So certain are seals of returning to their breeding grounds, that the reestablishment of the different species soon follows the protection of these places. The safe-guarding of depleted sealing grounds would in fact be a good business proposition even at this late day, if they could be protected under the authority of the various governments laying claim to such lands. South African Seal——The South African fur seal (Arcto- cephalus delalandi), frequenting small islands off the west coast of South Africa, became very rare from indiscriminate sealing. It has, during very recent years, been protected by the Govern- ment of Cape Colony. The yield of skins from this source dur- ing the past three years has been as follows: 1902, 1,300; 1903, 4,800; 1904, 7,400. (Data from Alfred Fraser of New York.) Galapagos Seal.—One resort of the genus 4Arctocephalus, the Galapagos Islands, lying on the equator, about 800 miles west of Ecuador, furnishes a striking illustration of wasteful sealing: Fur seals (Arctocephalus philippi) were taken from the Gala- pagos Islands in important numbers by early voyagers. Between 1870 and 1882 these rookeries were again visited by sealers, and, as far as the meager records collected from the sealers still living who engaged in this fishery show, about 20,000 seals were taken. This is, of course, a trivial number as compared with the total catch made during that period, the records of which are not available. The later voyages to the Galapagos Islands resulted 110 NEW “YORK sZO OE OGICALSSOCIEDY. in the killing of all the seals that could be found. At the time of my first visit to the Galapagos Islands, in 1888, I was informed that there were only a few seals remaining about the uninhabited westerly islands of the archipelago. It was a matter of great surprise when in 1897 and 1808 a vessel returned to San Fran- cisco from the Galapagos Islands with a catch of several hundred fur seals. It appears that the few that had escaped the slaughter of the last voyage, fifteen years before, had established them- selves on the identical rookeries from which they had been driven, as comparisons of the log books of the vessels showed. The nucleus of a fine herd existed there, unknown to any one. There is no doubt that it could have been developed into an important seal fishery, if the fact had been known in time to prevent its destruction by raiders. It is probable that a few individuals have escaped this last slaughter, and that by the prompt protection of the rookeries by the Government of Ecuador, a fishery could be established. Gaudeloupe Seal.—Another species of fur seal (Arctocephalus townsendi), the most northerly off-shoot of the Antarctic race of fur seals, formerly inhabited Guadeloupe and other islands off the west coast of Lower California. From the scattered records that have been found, it appears that 15,000 seals have been taken there within comparatively recent years—the earlier records are not available. During the writer’s visit to Guadeloupe Island, in 1892, straggling fur seals were observed about the island, and specimens obtained which proved the species to be new to science. It is possible that there is a sufficient remnant to warrant the belief that the race could be reestablished if the islands were properly protected by the Government of Mexico. The value of fur-seal skins taken in tropical or semi-tropical localities is small as compared with those from cold climates. Lobos Seal.—In all the history of Antarctic sealing there is but one chapter of wise management and thought for the future: The Government of Uruguay has, throughout all these vears, carefully preserved the fur seal rookeries of Lobos Island, at the mouth of the La Plata River, inhabited by Arctocephalus australis. These small rookeries illustrate the good resulting from the care- ful protection of fur seals upon their breeding grounds. Com- mercial sealing was carried on at Lobos Island prior to 1820. The lessees of the island, operating under the direction of the Government of Uruguay, placed upon the London market, from 1873 to 1904, 377,033 skins, or an average of Over 13,000 a year, worth in 1901, $100,000. All these were derived from a single NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. tia island less than one mile in length. The following data show the yield of skins from Lobos Island during the past three years: 1902, 12,922; 1903, 10,994; 1904, 8,349. It is reported that the Lobos seals are now menaced by pelagic sealers, and that a vessel was seized during 1904 by the Govern- ment of Uruguay. In 1888, when in the Straits of Magellan, the writer found the fur-seal herds of that region nearly exterminated by the hunters then working among the Fuegian islands. It is doubtful if they have had any chance to increase since then. Okhotsk Seal.—The history of Robbin Island, in the Okhotsk Sea, is especially interesting in this connection. This island is about 600 yards in length and less than 100 yards in width, and yet incomplete records show that more than 60,000 seals have been taken there by raiders since 1870. A remnant of this herd has remained to annually repopulate the rookery, which at the present time contains little more than 1,000 seals, and is pro- tected by the Russian Government. The scattered fur-seal rookeries in the chain of volcanic islands stretching northward from Japan, known as the Kurils, have been destroyed by raiders during recent years. The history of the extermination of these seals, as furnished to the writer by men who engaged in the slaughter, is exceedingly interesting. Notwithstanding the fact that raids were made year after year, the scattered remnants of the herds still clung to their old breed- ing grounds. The incomplete records at hand show that more than 25,000 seals were taken from the Kuril Islands by raiders since 1880. These rookeries were visited by the U. S. S. Albatross in 1897, and all the rookeries were found to have been wiped out with the exception of one, upon which there were about 100 seals remaining. It is believed that these will be protected by Japan, to which country they belong. The seal inhabiting Rob- bin Island and the Kuril Archipelago is now known as Callorhinus curilensis. Pribilof and Commander Seals——The only important strong- holds of the diminishing northern fur seals remaining to-day are the Pribilof and Commander islands, in Bering Sea. The United States and Russian governments, to which these islands belong respectively, have for many years endeavored to save from ruin the fur-seal fisheries connected with them. The species estab- lished on the Commander Islands is Callorhinus ursinus, while that breeding on the Pribilofs is Callorhinus alascanus. Although these two species breed upon islands lying in the same latitude and 112 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIE DY: less than 1,000 miles apart, there is no commingling. The former migrates southwestward in winter along the Asiatic Coast, while the latter migrates southeastward along the American Coast. Upon the discovery of the fur-seal islands of Bering Sea, more than a century ago, seals were found in great multitudes. For many years they were killed indiscriminately, but the Russian Government finally took charge of them and directed the fisheries in such a way that they were regularly productive. The Pribilof Islands, for twenty years after the accession of Alaska, yielded to the United States Government in the taxes on sealskins alone, more than $7,000,000, the price paid for the entire Territory of Alaska. About twenty years ago the practice of pelagic sealing— the killing of seals in the open sea—developed into an extensive industry, since which time the supply of seals has steadily de- creased. Although during the winter months the fur-seal herds migrate into the Pacific Ocean, they are in summer located on-their an- ciently established breeding places in Bering Sea. Under gov- ernment supervision a certain number of seals on the islands is selected for killing, in accordance with the natural habits of the animals. Fur seals are highly polygamous; every adult male takes possession of a large number of females, the number vary- ing from one dozen to 100 1n extreme cases. This highly poly- gamous habit naturally results in a large surplus of males, which surplus, when the rookeries were in their best condition, amounted to about 100,000 immature males a year on the Pribilofs and over 35,000 a year on the Commanders. These half-grown males herd by themselves, and it is from them that the annual catch of seals on the islands has always been made. The United States and Russian governments have never allowed any disturbing of the breeding rookeries and have never permitted the killing of female seals. The breeding stock upon the islands has there- fore remained undisturbed and would, but for the international nuisance of pelagic sealing, have yielded forever a world supply of fur sealskins. This method of sealing, as has been stated, 1s practiced in the open sea. and permits of no selections being made. Female seals constitute by far the greater part of the pelagic catch. In ten years pelagic sealing in the adjacent waters and in the Pacific Ocean destroyed the value of the Pribilof and Com- mander islands as government properties. Adjacent to each breeding rookery on these islands lie the so-called “hauling grounds” of the immature males—the class of seals available for killing. The latter are quietly surrounded, and without difficulty ‘g6er ‘Ainf ‘spur[sy sopiqud ‘png 3S ‘tuptdez ‘puasumoy “FL * ‘sunod snojauinu pur ‘sa[euray y[Npe [eIaAas ‘sari yNpe OM] Surmoys AYAMAOOA TWAS ANA AO NOLLYAOd 114 NEW. YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY are driven inland, entirely away from the rookeries of breeding seals, as easily as a band of sheep. The animals are killed, and skinned by the natives. The skins are counted by government agents, and placed in the salt-houses of the lessees for a month’s curing, when they are shipped to London, which has always been the world’s fur-seal market. The selecting and killing is accom- plished without noise or disturbance, and everything is done de- cently and in order. The seals arrive at the islands in June; their young are born the last days of June and the early part of July. After the young are born the female seals go to sea to feed, ranging as far as 200 miles from the islands, returning at more or less regular intervals to nurse their young. It is during their feeding ex- cursions that they are taken by sealing vessels in Bering Sea. The killing of females at this season is followed by the starvation of all nursing young on the breeding grounds, the loss of young by starvation corresponding with the number of mother seals taken by vessels. The different rookery communities are divided up into harems, each one jealousy guarded by a large male. The males arrive at the islands and fight furiously for the possession of territory. The females, arriving soon after the males have established them- selves, are divided up among them. The young seals remain with their mothers for about a month, not learning to swim until the latter part of August. The seal herds remain about the islands until late in the fall, when the annual movement into the Pacific Ocean takes place. The class of skins obtained under govern- ment direction on the Pribilof and Commander islands is of the highest quality, the animals selected being three-year-old males of nearly uniform size, killed when the fur is in best condition. The following statement, unpublished in part, shows the number of seals of this class taken on the Pribilof Islands during the past five years: WOOO fu eae 21,925 LOOM own eone 23,006 TOO2s. 22,182 19Q03......+-- 19,337 TOOAS eae ae 13°273 Pelagic Sealing. —The pelagic, or ocean catch, is obtained at sea, in season, and out of season. It consists of young and old, male and female, all skins being more or less injured by shooting and spearing—the two methods employed in taking seals at sea. While the pelagic skin has only a value of from $7 to $10, the value of the government skin ranges from $20 to $30. The pelagic *pur[punojman ‘suyof "4S ‘s1ayjorg qof Aq payuasaid ydeirsojoyg ‘HOI AHL NO STVHS duVH WOW SAGIN AHL ONIddIMIsS SYATVAS hei 116 NEW YORK, ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. sealing business, as a whole, has been losing money for several seasons. Renewed efforts were made by the United States Goy- ernment to put a stop to it. In the meantime American citizens, a small number of whom were engaged in pelagic sealing, have been prohibited from engaging in the pursuit of seals at sea, and Congress passed laws prohibiting the importation of seals taken by pelagic sealing, into the United States. So long as pelagic, or indiscriminate sealing in any form remains, the restoration of the fur-seal fisheries will be impossible. The Bering Sea con- troversy was precipitated by the seizure by the United States Gov- ernment of Canadian sealing vessels in Bering Sea. Later on, the matter was placed in the hands of the Tribunal of Arbitration at Paris. This tribunal, having decided that the United States had no jurisdiction over Bering Sea outside of territorial limits, pelagic sealing continued in but slightly modified form. The seal herds are now so decimated that the surplus males available for killing on the Pribilof Islands in 1904 numbered only 13,273, and on the Commander Islands, 8,315. Pelagic sealing at the present time is engaged in by vessels belonging to British Columbia, a few Japanese vessels partici- pating.* The sealing fleet has decreased from 122 vessels in 1892 to 22 vessels in 1904. Its yearly catch has declined from 61,838 seals in 1894 to 14,541 seals in 1904. Data in full respect- ing the number of seals taken in pelagic sealing from its incep- tion down to 1897, were published in the United States Report of Fur Seal Investigations for 1897-98. Official data, in part un- published, showing the number of fur seals taken by the Canadian fleet in American and Asiatic waters from 1898 to 1904 is pre- sented herewith through the courtesy of the Department of Com- merce and Labor: [OOS ae soree 28,099 MOQOh ba nortan 35,344 TOOO sper ra re 35.523 LOOT: cat ie 22 NQO2Ds penta eek 16,143 LOOB seaseae 14,701 TOO 4a hs soeen: 14,541 It is now proposed that the pelagic sealing industry of British Columbia be abolished upon the payment of $500,000 by the United States Government, and negotiations are pending. The subject has lately become complicated on account of pelagic seal- ing by Japanese vessels in Bering Sea, where they are restrained by territorial limits only, Japan not being a party to the temporary restrictions agreed to by Great Britain and the United States. * Data for Japanese vessels not available. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 7, LIST OF FISHES AND OTHER AQUATIC VERTEBRATES EXHIBITED ALIVE AT THE NEW YORK. AQUARIUM DURING THE YEAR xroo04% (Not quite complete.) Fresh-Water Fishes.* Native. MilambicaSalmOmMc/. «dss oh Ae oe clea Salmo salar. Landlocked Salmon.................Salmo salar sebago. Ouinnapesalmonwean--soces eee. sac Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, Brook Trout. .......+:-.0.-.........Salvelinus jontinalis. NE Cradle OU ors sede pay eGns oe oie o fee ak Cristivomer namaycush. FANN ONCOL yeas aie cee aa laitek Salmo irideus. Steelhead Trout....................Salmo gairdnert. FS TOWillawler Ober, ncncre okarus Meanie seme x: Se ee Lota maculosa. Lake Sturgeon.....................-.Actpenser rubicundus. ID ACC aepeecanitr anne cae rere et cies EIT) UW I CHTLOLILIUS A AL © fom METI OW cee sre Sie cachars oes ee Gambusia. WRG! IMGHOENON so ccpsonesscouesntcosn ne Udon lope Johny Wartern.. 2c oe aoe so ee ae DL OLCOSOM AR NICHILIE: Paddle=fish nih cre aes Mite ts Polyodon spathula. Common) Melee sec cas see a ee A achry sy pas Fresh-Water Fishes. Foreign. Paradise=iis lise ctr sebi ates tea eee ae Macropodus viridt-auratus. Climbing Perch®...... -...:...........Anabas scandens: Loaches (several species)............Family Cobitide. Gouramis dc ty ature er ae. ate a? Osphromenus oljfax. Salt-Mater Fishes. Native. aia 7d (os Hows ss erties EAR Sen A ER ak aa Lophius piscatorius. Bengalis) teats tebe ae meee Mace, Tautogolabrus adspersus. Black ssh a ken Seca pee tee Tautoga onitis. J BP RERe es HN) u ameter nate ta damn OR ea tM Reg PR ene Pomatomus saltatrix. Blunt-nosed Shiner..................Selene setipinnis. | SHUN 2) COIS) seta ae ORE He eee sel See Sc Rhombus triacanthus. BS Arcr =f eye chokes oye ee CR Chilomycterus schoepfi. Bluesshark 42. > eva see oe isa COnCharhinusemilbertt (Or oo MRCP Ren tee cir a ee. tees aS Gadus callarias. ChanneleBass cepa. cts. pti eae ae Scienops ocellatus. Conger ob elie sa. Seg ten eee eee Leptocephalus conger. Grevalled sc ot aoe eee ate OC araneus up pos: Croaken aca: otis ee oie re aoe oe Micropogon undulatus LD Jess Cn alearen Beer matt nL Serra tr nit ed « Squalus acanthtas. Drie hay se at te at a oe ee Pogonias cromts. NINTH Fl eSii Ship aks eee cies Saree io atviesth (DSpace ee eta oe ae cae Gullit Shere ronan = eyo ac crn Ome scence: Keiniotis ave erent Lamprey Ecl.. Mackere lias pean eonaat en Co ky) het. eee Menitadetieer #6 hate etal ak hike Acree Moonmtishiseene nee Mutton-fish.... Mitilletaaeeenaee Bigtishi= eases: [Sfeilicvss Sega aie ane ane tena eae Sard lenis hipaa pea me ee Ge tras in Se Seas orse.- 4. - Sup hry me Silverside...... Sticklebackenhesa.0. seer dae soca ANNUAL RERORA Paralichthys dentatus. .Monacanthus hispidus. Urophycis tenuts. Rhombus paru. Fundulus heteroclitus. Menticirrhus saxatilts. Petromyzon marinus. _Scomber scombrus. Brevoortia tyrannus. . Selene vomer. Zoarces anguillarts. Mugil cephalus. .Aleutera sche pfit. .Stphostoma fuscum. .Eucalia inconstans. Sticklebackaes scot ac ck cles hates hee Sand Shark Orthopristis chrysopterus. Seriola zonata. Pollachius virens. Trachinotus falcatus. Spheroides maculatus. Lutianus aya. _Diplectrum formosum. Hippocampus hudsontus. Stenotomus chrysops. Menidia notata. Gasterosteus bispinosus. Carchartas littoralts. Echenets naucrates. .Archosargus probatocephalus. Seal emer trctes athe Ba AM RM et eat Raia ertnacea. SEER AS. terns rn me ae aR, Be eee RM Pa a Raia levis. Sate litt pre ey ee ee hs oe eee Osmerus mordax. Spacetime wen ne sae ants Asset able Chetodipterus faber. SCAMING Willis kayak eM ete or ay eee bene Prionotus carolinus. Seagwobine 2k tetas alge ee ae Prionotus carolinus. hired wilerrin ose a aMeue Sie Geer Optsthonema oglinum. AD Oaciis litem tit Ph leads © 5 ccs etacotera an 4 Opsanus tau. SOLS Ape es Sica ye eo ee Ae Achirus fasciatus. ‘SYOXO) Escargot Letostomus xanthurus. SSC UMPUTIE eben areata Moh eaten hos Cottus octodecims pinosus. SEU AUG M EI Sek, HENS, Nata N cara ita tks eee EN Merluccius bilinearts. CURE OM er nee ether rks cen Gord Bye ernst ey Actpenser sturto. Short-nosed Sturgeon... ..-.-2--5-45-- DE aed ASS ease Cn nae OUR Tne Seka a Seaw WaVienice year See edhe Space hoe Acipenser brevtrostrts. Centropristis striatus. Hemiutripterus americanus. 119 120 NEW. YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY: Seals Casi shig saa eh ce fe omen ener Nes Hexanematichthys felis. SEriped Bassa sees 1s Peete uele: nt eR OCGIUS EN ITC OTS: IRS OSI MEAG! ILE: oo soseco sodas sue Cyprinodon variegatus. MNO T= CO CCR Se sie can tac Lee race aL Microgadus tomcod. Anbar, MOWING, odo econ abcccacedus Pseudopleuronectes americanus. Ve alketn Glace patel i ae kes anaes eat Cynoscion regalis. Wellows, Mackerel. toe qse aes eee ee Caranx crysos. Cropical Fishes from the Bermuda FJslands. An elfShe ie sta werareus eee ersenens Bx Angelichthys ciliaris. ATMIDeT 11s nextel ee tciee ce eae ees Seriola lalandz. Beatin Greco tyeeene wen ee eee Eupomacentrus leucostictus. Butter gilamlet.6.s-e ee shea een oe 2 Alphestes chloropterus. Btittertliyeti's nays oe ats eee oetenene ees Chetodon ocellatus. IBNOKS ALBAN? oo soc eoonc se oconeunooenon MCMUMS Marnieis. Blues Parrotsshe os ater. acl e anes: Scarus vetula. BlackwGrunitc sees se oe Rees Hemulon bonariense. BlackiGroupens a. -s cee eine ero. Mycteroperca bonact. Croravenyc chs, Si news amen mee BNE due een Mere 2 Bodianus fulvus. Cowetisieen-« onde” penis 2 wae eee aes Lactophrys tricornts. Cray ayes senate Mettesnra sete MeL aS Oe: Eques acuminatus. Ctl Wa eee hee heir wn Ian en ae, Kyphosus sectatrix. HOME CVGS arayy, ay estitncrs ket tee Seer ae Chetodon captstratus GU roe On Spans ceca eee eeaees ee Hemulon flavolineatum. Grays Snapper... see aie Se een ee Lutianus griseus. Greene barso talishuy ese) = snes sees Sparisoma viride. Green Morayecers rat. tet onie stl sien Lycodontis funebris. Harbor Marre t-tisiie: pve es see tae Sparisoma. Plo shish ss adie oteans oh ee ek rane Lachnolaimus maximus. SWiSH S545 onthe trees Seed RO ee Promicrops guttatus. adie Tis lal oyor aot acs 1 Sessa tesimtes Per eA Mee te Harpe rufa. TOMES a AG eens see ere ke ee eo Scorpena grandicornis. Margate tts hint 2 ste sts eh me niche cae Hemulon album. Mud “Parrotenshin. petametnn eee aee ts Sparisoma flavescens. Nassau’ Grouper seca cade oe ote Epinephelus striatus. Princess (Rockfish 22. 6.0.03...22.....Mycteroperca bowerst. Parrot-tishit 2 a ee SO mA RNS a ete Pseudoscarus guacamia. Oucen Shugcerhishhs -- saatra. Meee Balistes vetula. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. Ned Grouper adc met artiste ons. Stee E-pinephelus morio. LRA ole NANG Is ens VR eer ANE LER ie Epinephelus guttatus. Red Parrot-fish.....................Sparisoma abildgaardi. Schoolmasters 252 84: scm ea Seed Neoments apodus. Sereeante Major cos as. se Saue oo .Aoudelanf saxaniss. Spouredw Moralyan ae ei seiecar ss ade Gace: Lycodontis moringa. Cardinal Roeknhsh: 204. is sate siaccain at \ycteroperca venenosa apua. Spot Snapper.......................NMeomenis synagrus. opine tas taves eve faces raeeps Ramee eee: Holocentrus ascencionis. SUtSeOM=i Sherer ater. ks Ate ee sae ees aed Teuthis hepatus. Slippery, Dickss..22..+-.5.0+.4-...4. Ohlorichthys bijasciatus: lergermike— ti S10 Wes Rees eneae etn & Aion. eee Sts se Lactophrys triqueter. piimio merchishivane Amey pamet ane pees eons ante Balistes carolinensis. Mb ero eiSh et yi ke a coos aie pe ie eter sel Mycteroperca. tigrts. MWellowaGrunitescs meni at tee as sce oe Hemutlon sciurus. Ric llowarlalleeeias mits clans cake ceueees cscarn tas Ocyurus chrysurus. C urtles. Native. Bosgernead! Murtles. <7... 1.223.202, Nalassochelys caretia. Jnlann”sloll “Ibid cocctcsnacagco decor Eretmochelys imbricata. NclanticnGreenn Duntleae serie era sie CELONLG ImVaas. Peoume. (Cineeia Wordle: oc neonwooesuece Chelonia virgata. Northern Soft-shelled Turtle..........Aspidonectes spinifer. Southern Soft-shelled Turtle..........Aspidonectes. Mii sei tiatle Woah cae engres eho chats teeaaced Aromochelys odorata. Sid ererrapiniee eee aerial ene a ASCUCETII Sart COS Oe Yellow-bellied Mecrapiak Ais Hote MRNA cee Pseudemys elegans. Geographic Terrapin.................Malaclemmys geographicus. Diamond-backed Terrapin............Malaclemmys palustris. I Oimdedctiigtler pees cust acne ores op aebeccnstcks « Chrysemys picta. SpOtveds Durtles. aos. ac ee ie 2. “CRCLOPUS. gultains: Wihevellemoecy “IMbbWIS oo 4 6ocooogcsss5ee 4 Chelopus muhlenbergt. WViooderintleni ey aos Nox «nralsin mnt eos Chelopus insculptus. Biandinesaiurtles. csi oie sori e see al: Emydoidea blandingit. Shasyoyonnayer WerilSs .coocuuacsouago sou. Chelydra serpentina. Salamanders and Frogs. Native. Water dog, ior Hellbendera. 45.0... 2: . Cryptobranchus alleghaniensts. EAC [HUD Vans oye oe, Sere reween Dio he Meena! Necturus maculatus. WOME O. SHAKE F ceicisan Ae eho ae 2 APIA means: Common Newt.. ....2.......Dtemyctylus viridescens. Red-billed SSiepianilee. ........Diemyctylus torosus. Blotched Salamander................Amblystoma opacum. Red salamanderess. ci. cccce..»..- 29 pelerpes ruber. 122 NEW YORK sZOOLOGICAL SOGIETY: _ Blind Salamander...................lyphlomolge rathbunt. Bill OS 2itie, cays crauete- seers ht tees Rana catesbiana. Beopardeh roe! iis..cb aera ae oe ee Rana virescens. Green roe 28. Mecryeseten tiers eee ee Rana clamata. Foreign. Giant Salamander...................Megalobatrachus maximus. BAUKOpeatlys Newt. eesease smite anted hess Not identified. Spotted Salamander ................Salamandra maculosa. Ub. <6) KoXrl RA ore a haere MO: a Onn chon Amblystoma mexicanum. Crocoviltans. AIMen(canmeAllioatorp sae ter aaleeeh terse Alligator mississtppiensts. Ainmerican Crocodiles) raiser etn Crocodilus americanus. sHlammals. Harbor Seale soo acne parses edu Phoca vttulina. ,’ Manatee or ‘‘Sea-Cow’ .....Manatus lattrostris. List of Gifts LOVTHE ZOOLOGICAL SOGIER. (Complete from January 1, 1904, to January 1, 1905.) Att, Henry Louis, Chief Engineer, The New York Public Library, New York City: White-Fronted Amazon Parrot (2 specimens). AMERICAN Museum oF Naturat History (through Mr. Frank M. Chap. man, Associate Curator of Birds), New York City: Woodcock. AnpviNnA, Mrs. B., Bedford Park, New York City: Parrot. ANONYMOUS: White-Fronted Goose. ASHLAND. Mrs. A., New York City: Opossum. AUCHINCLOSS, HucuH D., New York City: Snow Leopard (2 specimens). Bacon Company, DaniEL, New York City: Coati Mundi. Baker, Wi.uiaM, Yonkers, N. Y.: Raccoon. Barsour, Mrs. S. E., Eau Gallie, Fla.: Diamond-Backed Rattlesnake. BarBour, Tuomas, New York City: Black Iguana: Crested Iguana. BARNEY, CHARLEs T., New York City: 2 South African Ostriches; 2 North African Ostriches; 3 Common Rheas; 1 Great Billed Rhea; 4 Emeus; 1 Ceram Cassowary; 1 Vio- let-Necked Cassowary. Baust, Kari, New York City: Sparrow Hawk. BEEBE, Mrs. C. Wittiam, New York City: Mexican Deer. BEEBE, MAsTER CULVER, Brooklyn, New York City: Macaque Monkey. BREWER, THOMAS, Mount Vernon, N. Y.: Ring Dove. BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES (through Mr. George Engle- hardt), Brooklyn, N. Y.: The following specimens were collected in Beaver County, Utah: Western Rattlesnake (4 specimens); Bull Snake (3 specimens) ; Striped Racer (2 specimens); Garter Snake (13 specimens). BROWNING, JR., JOHN Scott, New York City: Marmoset (1 pair). CHANLER, Miss, New York City: South American Lory. CHAPIN, CARLTON H., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Squirrel Monkey. 124 NEW. YORK ZOOLOGICAL SO CHE RY. CLARK, ALBERT M., Mount Vernon, N. Y.: Screech Owl (2 specimens). CLARK, GEORGE C., New York City: Punjab Mountain Sheep (5 specimens); Baker’s Roan Antelope (fe- male). CoLE, LEon J., Cambridge, Mass.: Yucatan Chachalaca. CoLEMAN, Miss FLroyp, New York City: Java Monkey. CoLGaTE, Mrs. R. R., Sharon, Conn.: Brood of ; Sparrow Hawks. COLLIER, Mrs. oR J., New York City: ee CONKLIN, Patchogue, L. I.: Sharp- eee Hawk. CONNELL, S. Woop, Pleasantville, Westchester, N. Y.: Alligator. Craic, Mrs. A., New York City: Indian Ring-Necked Parrakeet. CRANE, WiILr1AM H., New York City: Green Snake. CRUICKSHANK, Miss BgssiE J., New York City: Milk Snake. DaGcGeETT, ALLEN B., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Chipmunk (4 specimens). Davipson, Mrs. R., New York City: White-Fronted Amazon Parrot. Davis, Dr. S. T., Guayaquil, Ecquador, S. A.: 24 Lance-Head Vipers (Lachesis micropthalmus); 1 Coral Snake (Elaps); 1 Green Tree Snake (Herpetodryas); 3 Blind ‘‘Snakes”’ (Amphisbaena); 4 Silurians, or Blind Fish. Derris, Miss Epiry E., Mount Vernon, N. Y.: Patagonian Lapwing Plover. Dovucuty, WILLIAM F., Brooklyn, N. Y.: American Bittern. Dove, Apam, New York City: The following specimens were collected by Mr. Dove and Mr. Pearsall in the vicinity of Forestine, Sullivan County, N. Y.: 15 Tim- ber Rattlesnakes, 39 Milk Snakes, t Pilot Snake, 4 Black Snakes, 12 Water Snakes, 100 Garter Snakes, tt Ribbon Snakes, 45 Storer’s Snakes, 37 Ring-Necked Snakes, g Green Snakes. Total, 273 specimens. EGGELING, O., New York City: Great Blue Heron. Eiisworth, L. P., New York City: South American Parrot. ENGLEHARDT, GEORGE P. (The Children’s Museum of the Brooklyn Insti- tute of Arts and Sciences), Brooklyn, N. Y.: Garter Snake (8 specimens); Box Turtle (13 specimens); Alligator. FLoyp, WEBB, New York City: Snapping Turtle. GitsEy, G. L., New York City: Rhesus Monkey. GuILp, Miss C. P., New York City: Canada Jay. HavemeEyeERr, H. O., New York City: Double-Crested Cormorant. HAVEMEYER, JR., Mrs. H. O., New York City: Cinnamon Bear. NINGE ANNUAL REPRO: 125 Herarst, Mrs., New York City: Alligator. HENNESSEY, Mrs. J., New York City: American Screech Owl. HERFORD, OLIVER, New York City: Black Bear Cub. Hitt, H. R., Williamsport, Pa.: Alligator (3 specimens). Pinel oteleauls Minne Burrhel Mountain Sheep (2 specimens). HInkKLEY, W. C., Stony Creek, Conn.: Hawks (2 specimens). Hornack, Gustav, New York City: Chameleon. IiuntTiINnGToN, F. W., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Canaries (3 specimens). JaFFREY, Mrs. REGINALD T., Irvington-on-the-Hudson, N. Y.: Ring-Necked Pheasants (6 specimens). James, Norman, Baltimore, Md., CHARLES SHELDON, AND Dr. Lronarp G. SANFORD: European Bison (1 pair). JASPER, FrReED., Chief Engineer, $.S. Capri, Brooklyn, New York City: Three-Toed Sloth. JENNINGS, WALTER, New York City: Ellx (3 specimens). Jounson, Mrs. F. L. (through Aladison Grant, Esq.), New York City: Snapping Turtle. KELLEY, Mrs., New York City: Macaque Monkey; Rhesus Monkey. Kine, Miss Maytie, Newark, N. J.: Flying Squirrel (3 specimens). KOECHLING BrotHers, New York City: Boa Constrictor. KRArD ES Wo, Bronxwille, IN. Yo: Macaque Monkey. LANDSTREET, FaIRFAX STUART, New York City: Alligator (2 specimens). LANGMANN, Dr. G., New York City: 24 Strawberry Finches, 24 Black-Headed Mannikins, 2 Thrce-Colored Mannikins. LICHTENFELS, WILLIAM, New York City: Opossum (2 specimens). LittLe, Dr. Grorce H., Glens Falls, N. Y.: Red Jungle Fowl (2 specimens). LOEWENTHAL, D. J., New York City: Red-Shouldered Hawk. Lyons, Mrs. J., New York City: Parrot. McKay, Frank, New York City: Sereech Owl. Marckres, GEORGE M., Sharon, Conn.: Holboell’s Grebe. Maup, Major W. pES., New York City: Galapagos Tortoise. Mipctey, Dr. JosepH E., Brooklyn (through Mr. Frederic A. Lucas, Cur- ator-in-chief, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences): Canada Porcupine (2 specimens). Micer, Miss EstHer, New York City: Yellow-Bellied Terrapin (3 specimens). 126 NEW VORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Mitier, ©. F.,, East Orange, N. J.: Musk Turtle (6 specimens). MILiixeNn, Mrs. A. C., Ardholme, Pottsville, Pa.: Blue-and- Yellow Macaw. MINNER, Mrs., New York City: Yellow-Fronted Amazon Parrot. Morret, E. M., Biltmore, N.C.: Wild Cat. Mupc_E, WILLIAM CLEMENT, Glen Cove, L. I.: Nine-Banded Armadillo. MULLER, JOHN C., New York City: Skin of Resplendent Trogon, collected at Tombala, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Museum OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY (through Professor S. Garman), Cam- bridge, Mass. : Star Tortoise (2 specimens). NauMANN, E., New York City: Guinea Pig (2 specimens). Nicuotson, A. M., Orlando, Fla.: White Ibis (3 specimens). NoweE LL, Rowranp, Schenectady, N. Y.: Pied-Billed Grebe. Oxsrock, Aucust, New York City: Red Fox. Paine, A. J., New York City: Alligator (2 specimens). Paine, GeEorGE H., New York City: White-Lipped Peccary. PALMER, CHESTER W., Brooklyn: Opossum (2 specimens). PauL, JOHN }., Watertown, Fla.: Diamond-Backed Rattlesnake (2 specimens). Payne, COLONEL OLIVER H., New York City: Male Indian Elephant, “‘Gunda.”’ PrarsaLL, Morris, New York City: The following specimens were collected by Mr. Pearsall and Mr. Dove in the vicinity of Forestine, Sullivan County, N. Y.: 15 Timber Rattlesnakes, 39 Milk Snakes, 1 Pilot Snake, 4 Black Snakes, 12 Water Snakes, 1oo Garter Snakes, 11 Ribbon Snakes, 45 Storer’s Snakes, 37 Ring-Necked Snakes, 9 Green Snakes. Total, 273 specimens. POMPERAUG VALLEY GAME CLUB (through Edward S. Hine), New Rochelle, Great Horned Owl. Potter, Miss MartTHa: Ruffed Lemur. Racey, C. H., Waveland, Fla.: Red-Tailed Hawk. Reacu, Mrs. CHARLEs H., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Java Sparrow (4 specimens). Rosy, Mrs. E. A., New York City: Brown Thrasher. Rocers, Wiiiiam A., Yonkers, N. Y.: American Crow. SatsBury, Mrs. JunraTA, Carbondale, Pa.: Common Grebe. ScHILLING, RopeEertT, New York City: Gray Rattlesnake. Scuiotr, Dr. Jutius, Zoologisk Have, Copenhagen, Denmark: 3 Greenfinches, 2 Furopean Goldfinches, 2 Chaffinches, 1 Linnet. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 12 ~I Scuiitz, ALFRED, New York City: Opossum. ScHOPBACH, FreEpD. C., New York City: American Crow. Scuott, Louis, New York City. American Bittern. SCOmDIN Ve as Ds. brimcetom New|h: Red-Necked Grebe. SewarRD, HucH W., West Palm Beach, Dade County, Fla.: Crocodile (small specimen). SHELDON, CHARLES, New York City: Mexican Gopher Snake. SHOEMAKER, ERNEST, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Milk Snake (2 specimens). SxippEy, W. W., Stamford, Conn.: Tegu. SoLomon, CHARLES S., New York City: Java Monkey. STEED, W. H., New York City: Diamond-Backed Terrapin. STREETER, D. D., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Raccoon. Sucu, Jr., Mrs. GoERGE, Newark, N. J.: Java Sparrow (2 specimens) ; Black-Headed Mannakin; Spice Finch (2 specimens). Swanson, Orro, South Britain, Conn.: Copperhead Snake. Tesiny, NicHoras, Bridgeport, Conn.: Red-Tailed Hawk. THORNDIKE, Miss, New York City: Horned Lizard. Tompson, Mrs. Frep. A., New York City: Orange-Winged Love Birds (5 specimens). UNDERHILL, RICHARD D., Watchung, N. J.: Woodchuck. Van Beek, THEODORE, First Officer, S.S. El Dorado, New York City: Duck Hawk (4 specimens). WETSTEIN, WiLL1aM, New York City: Alligator (3 specimens). WHEALTON, Louts N., New York City: 2 Mute Swans, 1 Blue-Winged Teal, 1 European Widgeon, 2 Red- Headed Ducks, 12 Baltimore Orioles, 6 Mockingbirds, 6 Cardi- nals, 14 Black Skimmers, 23 Common Terns, 1 Tiger Bittern. Wuittock, Lester, New York City: Alligator. ZIEGLE, ANTON M., New York City: Blue-and- Yellow Macaw. Wiscellancous Uist, Trapped by Mr. C. William Beebe, December 31, 1904. 8 White-Throated Sparrows, 2 Song Sparrows, 2 Goldfinches, 1 Hermit Thrush. Hatched in the Park during 1904, and not catalogued thus jar.—December Biba WOlovte 4 Canada Geese, 2 Silver Pheasants, 2 Ring-Necked Pheasants, 4 Wood Ducks, 9 Jungle Fowl, 6 India Peacocks, 32 Mallards. 128 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL, SOGIEM \. Gifts of Plants. Ba.com, Dr. IrvinG 8., Fordham, New York: Two Agaves; One Oleander, 7 feet high. CocKrort, Miss Mary T., Saugatuck, Conn.: One large Seaforthia Palm, 18 feet high; three large Araucaria ex- celsa (Norfolk Island Pine); three large Yuccas; one large Clivia; one large Hymenocallis. (All exceptionally fine plants.) EIcHiinc, Miss E., New York City: : One Rubber Plant, 8 feet high. Post, Mrs. E. F., Bedford Park, New York: One Rubber Plant, 6 feet high. SmitH, Mrs. Puirip, Bedford Park, New York: Two Rubber Plants, 5 feet high; 4 small Kentias. @ifts to the Library. AMERICAN Museum oF Natura History, New York City: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. XVIII Part 2, and Vol. XIX. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History (Osborn) WolkslesRartne: BRESLAU ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY: Schlesische Gesellschaft fur Vaterlandische Cultur, Breslau—1903. Die Schlesische Gesellschaft fur Vaterlandische Cultur, Breslau (2 parts). BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, Brooklyn, New York City: Medusae of the Bahamas.—Vol. 1. (Mayer.) FrELD-COLUMBIAN MUSEUM: The Fresh Water Fishes of Mexico, ete.—Vol. V. (Meek.) GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA: Annual Report and Maps—Geological Survey—rogoo. Vol. XIII. Catalogue of Canadian Birds. Part 3. (Macoun.) HORNADAY, WILLIAM T.: The American Natural History. Lyon, Marcus W., JR. (Smithsonian Institution) : Classification of the Hares and Their Allies. (Lyon.) Musée Nationa DE Buenos Aires, Florentino Ameghino, Directeur: Recherches de Morphologie, ete. (Ameghino.) New York Botanitcat GARDENS, Bedford Park, New York City: The following pamphlets: Mammals, 17; Birds, 27; Reptiles, 2; Veterinary, 6; Insects, 18; Miscellaneous, 33. Total, 103. ONEIDA Community, Limirep, Oneida, New York: The North American Trapper, Vol. I (8 numbers). PHILADELPHIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Philadelphia, Pa.: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 2 Vols. ProvincraL Museum, (through Francis Kermode, Curator) : Catalogue of British Columbia Birds. Russ, Epwarp, Hoboken, New Jersey: Birds of California. (Wheelock.) American Birds. (Chichester.) SMITHSONIAN InstTITUTION, Washington, D.C.: Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution, 1902. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Biological Survey: Distribution and Migration of North American Warblers. (Cooke.) NINTH ANNUAL RERORA, t29 Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture, 1903. Report of Subcommittee on Territories. Fur-Seals of Alaska—Committee on Ways and Means. UNITED STATES FisH COMMISSION: Reports of the Commissioner—United States Fish Commission Parts 26, 27, and 29. UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA: Additional Notes on Summer Birds, ete. (Szlloway.) Younc, FRED. S.: Natural History in Shakespeare’s Time. (Seager.) SHiscellancous. SHIELDS, G. O., New York City: 5 Drawings of Birds by L. Gray, and 10 Drawings of Birds by Allen Brooks. Gifts to the Aquarium. ABBEY, R., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Young Alligator. AMERICAN Museum oF Natura History (through Dr. H. C. Bumpus Director) : Dry specimens for Laboratory: 1 Cassis corntus, 1 Nautttus pompi- lius (entire), 1 Nautilus pompilius (cut), 1 Glycimerus generosa, 1 Pentaceros, 1 Walrus tusk, 1 Saw of sawfish, 1 Plank with Ship- worms, 1 Giant Crab, 1 Narwhal tusk, 1 Triton tritonis. BarsBour, THos., Cambridge, Mass: Hawksbill Turtle. Barry, D. D., New York City: diate: BrisHop, Henry, Baltimore, Md.: 16 Japanese Fancy Goldfish. BLAKE, Capt. WM. H., New York City: Hawksbill Turtle. BROWNELL, Miss GERTRUDE May, Brooklyn, N. Y.: 2 Alligators. BRAKELEY, J. TURNER, Hornerstown, N. J.: Collection of mosquito larvee. CAMMANN, Puitip G., New York City: Alligator, Spotted Turtle. Castrop, Henry J., New Rochelle, N. Y.: 60 Sea Anemones. CocHRAN, Rost. T., & Co., New York City: Alligator. Detroit Aquarium, Detroit, Mich. (through R. E. Bolger, Commissioner of Parks, Detroit): to Whitefish, 11 Rock Bass, 12 Crappie, 5 Pike-perch, 8 Brook Sucker, t Muskallunge, 3 Lake Sturgeons. Ditton, Mrs. J. A., Orange, N. J.: Alligator. Dorr, J. FRANK, AND LANGE, WILLIAM, Staten Island, N. Y.: Loggerhead Turtle. Evcmore, Mrs. NEtitg, New York City: Diamondbacked Terrapin, Box Tortoise. 130 NEW YORK ‘ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. EMERSON, Mrs., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Wood Turtle. Fake, Epwarp, Rutherford, N. J.: Hawksbill Turtle. Foote, F. L., New York City: 3 Hawksbill Turtles. Foster, F. J., Newark, N. J.: Snapping Turtle. InoynurapiG, Ihe (C., Iiroreldhyin, IN, Wo Alligator. FRIEDRICK, B., New York City: Alligator. GaRRISON, Capt., New York City: Alligator. GRIDLEY, W. T., New York City: Box Tortoise. Havey, Cates, & Co., New York City: Trumpetfish. HARTMAN, Peter, & Co., New York City: Green Turtle. HEALeEy, Joun, New York City: Mantis Shrimp. HEFFERMAN, GEO. H., New York City: Large-mouthed Black Bass. Hemicke, G., New York City: Hawskbill Turtle. Hixts, Dr. T. Morton, Willimantic, Conn.: 3 Frogs. HirzeEL & FeTMANN, New York City: Alligator. Hite, Miss C., New York City: Alligator. Hopees, A., New York City: Alligator. Kine, H. R., Arlington, N. J.: Alligator. KuintMaNn, Mrs. A., Point Pleasant, N. J.: Spotted Turtle. KouHNKE, Dr. Quitman, New Orleans, La.: Collection of mosquito larve. McCoy, A. B., Bath Beach, L. I.: 2 Alligators. New York Forest FisH & GAME Commission, Albany, N. Y. (through J. D. Whish, Secretary): 5 Muskallunge, 2 long jawed gars, 3 small-mouthed black bass, 1,000 eggs of brook trout. New York ZoorocicaLt Park, New York City (through W. T. Hornaday, Director) : Green Turtle (280 pounds). PAGE, He Chatham, N.J.: Alligator. Puitirps, Mrs., New York City: 2 Spotted Turtles. Potter, Miss Atice, New York City: Bullfrog. REDFIELD, Epwarp T., Closter, N. J.: 3 Frogs, 14 salamanders, 3 muhlenberg™ turtles, 1 newt, 16 tadpoles, 3 painted turtles, 2 ‘spotted turtles. S ANDERS, sce Philadelphia, Penna. : Crocodile. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT 131 ScuNoor, Jacos, Belford, N. J.: Loggerhead Turtle. Scott, FrEpD., Staten Island, New York: Bullfrog. ScryMsER, Miss K. F., Elizabeth, N. J.: Alligator. SHAFFER, Mrs. C. J., New York City: Alligator. SHERWOOD, Mrs. A. N., New York City: 2 Alligators. SOUTHARD, Mrs. C. Z., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Alligator. SOUTHSIDE SPORTSMENS CLuB (through Geo. P. Slade, President), Oakdale, 16 Brook Trout, 12 Hybrid Trout, 1 Brown Trout, 14 Rainbow Trout. SPRINGER, Mrs. AnToN, Plattsburgh, N. Y.: Alligator. STOBER, F.,, Brooklyn, N. Y-: 2 Bullfrogs. Tuommay, H. H., Jersey City, N. J.: 4 Alligators. TOWNSEND, C. H., New York City: 27 Duntles) (2=species)). TuxeEpo Cus, Tuxedo, N. Y. (through Edwin C. Kent): 4 large steelhead trout, 28 two-year old steelhead trout, 34 land-locked salmon, two years old, eggs of the brown trout. UNITED STATES FISHERIES BuREAU, Washington, D. C.(through Hon. Geo. M. Bowers, Commissioner) : 4 large carp, 6 golden tench, 4 green tench, 6 adult crappie, soft-shell turtles, terrapin, snapping turtle, 12 paddlefish, 4 long-nosed gar, 2 wall-eved pike, 110 large-mouth bass, 12 white bass, 1 mudfish, 15 carp, 12 yellow catfish, 18 buffalofish, 24 fresh-water drum, 40 blue-nosed sunfish, 5 sauger, 4 pike-perch, 72 crappie, 8 red- horse, 8 grayling, 5 whitefish, 16 hybrid trout, 6 lake trout, 12 quillback, 3 short-nosed gar, 42 spotted catfish, 12 brook trout, 2 channel bass, 1 margate fish, 1 schoolmaster, 2 nassau grouper, 2 gray snappers, to filefish, 6 pompano, 7 sheepshead, 1 pilotfish, Ir jumping mullet, 1 spadefish, ro catfish, 6 red hind, 6 sea-horse, 4 red-snappers, 3 squirrelfish, 2 common triggerfish, 2 queen trig- gerfish, 1 rockfish, 6 croakers, 14 burfish, 1 remora, 1 trunkfish 1 angelfish, 1 yellowtail, 1 loggerhead turtle, 1 green turtle, 1 seal (loaned). 36,000 fish eggs as follows: 5,000 brook-trout eggs, 2,000 Atlantic salmon eggs, 10,000 white- fish eggs, 10,000 lake trout eggs, 1.000 quinnat salmon eggs, 5,000 rainbow trout eggs. The following through the New York Sportsmens Show: 1,000 brook trout eggs, 1,000 rainbow trout eggs, 500 land-locked salmon eggs, 500 Atlantic salmon eggs. Total, 36,000. Vickery, Mrs. Ciara, Jersey City, N. J.: Alligator. VoicuT, Frep, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Snapping Turtle. WeIL, C. A., New York City: 4 Painted Turtles. WueEaLton, L. N., New York City: 2 Diamond-backed Terrapin. WHELEsSS, THos. H., New York City: 1 Box Tortoise. 132 NEW, YORK /ZOOLROGICAE SSO Cilmi yY. GBiéts to the Aquarium Ltbrarp. Bien, JuLius & Co., New York City: 48 Colored plates of fishes of Porto Rico, 71 colored plates of fishes of Hawaiian Islands. Carter, E. N., St. Johnsbury, Vt.: American Fish Culturist for 1904. EHRENBAUM, Dr. E., Helgoland, Germany: Fische mit festsitzenden eiern. FELT, Dr. E. Porter, Albany, N. Y.: Mosquitoes of New York State. FIELD CoLUMBIAN MusEwumM, Chicago, IIl., (through F. J. V. Skiff, Director): Pamphlets on fishes and other cold-blooded vertebrates. Grant, Mapison, New York City: First and Seventh Reports of the New York Forest, Fish and Game Commission. KounkKE, Dr. Quitman, New Orleans, La.: Papers on the mosquito problem. MUSEUM OF THE BROOKLYN INsTITUTE, Brooklyn, N. Y. (through Dr A. G. Mayer, Curator im Chief): Memoirs and Bulletins. New YorK StTaTE Forest, FisH AND GAME Commission, Albany, N. Y.: Portfolio of colored plates of fishes and game of New York ParRKER, Dr. G. Howarp, Cambridge, Mass.: 18 Pamphlets on Fishes and Invertebrates. SmitH, Dr. Joun B., New Brunswick, N. J.: Pamphlets on mosquitoes. SMITHSONIAN INsTITUTION, Washington, D. C. (through Professor S. P Langley, Secretary): Annual Reports and Bulletins. TOWNSEND, C. H., New York City: The American Lobster—Herrick. UNITED StTaTES FISHERIES BuREAU, Washington, D. C. (through Hon. Geo. M. Bowers, Commissioner) : Annual Reports and Bulletins. WEEKS, Henry Cray, Bayside, L. IL.: Report of Anti-Mosquito Convention, 1903. Purchases. STEAMER Angler—collections from the fishing banks off the New Jersey Coast: 18 horse mussels, 5 starfish, 24 skate, go sea ravens, 58 bergalls, 25 muttonfish, 28 sculpin, 2 anemones, 14 puffers, 1 rock crab, 2 hake, 52 sea ravens, ro fluke, 6 menhaden, 75 sea bass, 14 porgies, 4 scup, 12 dogfish, 28 blackfish, 1 cunner, 3 conger eel, 8 anglers, r codfish. Jacosp & Wm. ScHNnoor—collections from the pound nets at Port Mon- mouth, N. J.: 2 sturgeon, 3 large sharks, 7 large drumfish, 5 weakfish, 10 spiny box- fish, ro orange filefish, ro young sea robins, 4 puffers, 1 slimy toadfish, 1 pilotfish, 7 menhaden, 1 yellow mackerel, 1 dogfish, 1 sea lamprey, 1 codling, 1 hake, 6 sculpin, 4 winter flounders. TrRopicaL FrsHEs—from Bermuda: 34 hinds, 50 squirrelfish, 3 crawfish, 1 margate-fish, 42 sergeant majors, 5 butterfly-fish, 9 hog-fish, 134 angel-fish, 12 lobsters, NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 133 TROPICAL FisHES—Continued: 59 surgeon fish, 2 octopus, 11 trunk-fish, 14 groupers, 3 rockfish, 5 lady-fish, 22 coneys, 3 spotted moray, 1 file-fish, 1 jew-fish, 2 butter hamlets, 1 sculpin, 90 four-eyes, 1 cubbyu, 1 school- master, 11 yellow tails, 73 parrot-fish. OTHER PURCHASES: 7 harbor seals, 6 bullfrogs, 1 sturgeon, 17 turtles, 1 alligator. duVdOwT MONS OSTEOMALACIA OF PRIMATES IN CAPTIVITY. A CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF “CAGE PARALYSIS.” FROM THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. By HARLOW BROOKS and W. REID BLAIR. es AGE paralysis” or “cripples” is a condition of such fre- quent occurrence, particularly among the primates, that it forms one of the most serious obstacles to the maintenance of large and complete collections of wild animals in captivity. Judging from the frequent inquiries which have been addressed to us regarding this condition, and from statistical reports from other collections, we have been more fortunate in the small num- ber of fatalities from this complaint than most parks of similar size, and yet the death-rate from this disease has headed the list among our primates since tuberculosis has practically been eradi- cated from the collection. For this reason, and as a matter of sure scientific interest, our attention has been particularly directed toward “cage paralysis” for the past two years. In the Report of the New York Zoological Society for 1903, one of us (Brooks) presented a small series of cases studied from the standpoint that the disease was primarily one of the central nervous system. As a result of this preliminary study it was concluded that the condition, as recognized by animal men, was not a true disease entity, but that it really represented a very wide group of spinal and cerebral disorders, probably covering as extensive a field as the similar groups of human cerebro-spinal diseases. During the past year we have carefully observed all instances of the malady as it appeared in our collection and, as a result, one of us (Blair) has noted a series of lesions which, after con- siderable study, we believe to be primary and essential to the dis- ease in any form, and which causes us to unhesitatingly class it as osteomalacia. The studies appearing on diseases of wild animals are so few and so widely distributed throughout the enormous literature of zoology, veterinary medicine, human and experimental medi- 136 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL, SOCIEDY. cine, and in general scientific productions, that it is indeed a most difficult task for one to assure himself that any subject has here- tofore remained undescribed. It is perhaps for this reason that we have found but very few references to osteomalacia occurring in wild animals and, indeed, until some time after we ourselves had fully decided as to the nature of the disease, we were unaware that the condition had been previously noted. The recognition of “cage paralysis,’ familiar to all animal men under that name, as osteomalacia, we believe to be now stated for the first time. Osteomalacia occurring in domestic animals has long been recognized and has been fully studied, particularly by the work of Roloff, Ribbert, Pillvax, Rool, Haubner and Anaker. Of these writers but one, in so far as we have been able to find, has described the disease as occurring also in wild animals. Roloff as early as 1867 (Virchows Archiv. Bd. XX XVII, s. 433) mentions the condition, but does not discuss it at any length as applied to these animals. It is not infrequently mentioned in various Zoological Society reports, but, so far as we have been able to learn, in none of them has the true nature of the condition been ascertained. Thus among the earlier records we find Ram Brahma Sanyal, Super- intendent of the Zoological Garden of Calcutta (“Hand-Book of the Management of Animals in Captivity in Lower Bengal,” 1892), mentions the prevalence of the “cripples” among Diana and other monkeys. He attributes the disease to damp and cold, stating that no treatment relieved the “stiffness” which is charac- teristic of the early stages of the malady. Sanyal, however, con- sidered it as primarily a paralysis, and did not note the osseous lesions. ; Scattered throughout the comparative studies of the central nervous system are also occasional references to the disease, treated in all instances as a primary nervous disorder, an opinion with which most animal men coincide. Undoubtedly osteo- malacia of the Primates, as in man, has long been confused with rachitis, which it very closely similates, particularly in the slowly progressive cases where extensive deformities have taken place. The lesions in the bones are very similar in both cases, and even clinically they closely resemble each other. The essential point of difference exists in that in rachitis we are dealing with a congenital state in which the bones were never normally calci- fied, while in osteomalacia the disease is an acquired one in which the once normally calcified bones become decalcified. The differentiation, however, is just as clear and the same as NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. B37 PLATE I. CASE NUMBER 6.—SAPAJOU MONKEY. Showing last stages of osteomalacia, with shrunken extremities and marked curvature of the spinal column. in man, and is now fully described in all text-books, and in many monographs treating of osteomalacia and rachitis. Although our observations of the disease are as yet limited, and though the cases presented have been in most instances un- satisfactorily studied, we believe it best to present our findings in the fullest possible way, principally for the reason of the great importance of the disease to zoological science and in order that zoological collections may at once derive whatever of benefit lies 138 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY: in our work, in the hope that concerted study may render the prevention and treatment of the disease more clear and ultimately successful. OCCURRENCE. The occurrence of this disease is not restricted to animals from any particular geographical area, or to any special season of the year, having come under our observation in each of the four seasons. Species Affected—The disease among wild animals occurs in sapajous, macaques, Diana monkeys, green monkeys and baboons, in point of frequency in the order named. Age.—The disease may affect either young or old animals. While there seems to be no marked relation between age and occurrence, it more frequently manifests itself in those animals which have been in captivity for some time, rather than in those recently arrived. Sev.—The disease occurs in both sexes. The greater propor- tion under our observation have been males. This is exactly contrary to the condition in man, where osteomalacia occurs almost exclusively in females, and is most commonly seen bear- ing a close relationship to the puerperal state. It is therefore interesting that in the species most closely allied to man, it occurs without this relationship, and in animals in which procreation during captivity is exceptional. ETIOLOGY. While confinement has a manifest influence, we are still in the dark concerning the essential etiological factors in the causation of this affection. A deficiency of earthy salts in the food would seem to be a natural explanation. The presence of an infection has been sug- gested, but if this exists, it must be habitually introduced in the food or water, rather than transmitted from animal to animal. Healthy animals have been associated with those diseased for an indefinite length of time, without apparent injury; and com- parison to a similar condition in man, would seem to exclude this possibility. A morbid peculiarity of the constitution, and a spe- cial predisposition seems to be requisite for the causation. When this susceptibility to the disease exists, then exposure in ill-venti- lated, small and dark cages probably acts as an exciting cause. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 139 Confinement in the smaller cages apparently offers some predis- position to the disease, since we have observed more cases devel- oping in the smaller and darker side compartments than in the larger, more airy and better lighted ones. It is interesting to note in this connection that there has never been a single case in the large lemur cage, which is situated in the main corridor of the Primates’ House in the New York Zoological Park, and which receives a great abundance of sunlight during a large part of each day. In this cage the conditions much more nearly ap- proximate the normal habitat of the primates than we are able to afford in the other portions of the building. Age appears to play no definite factor in the production of the disease as we have seen it; though, as stated above, the time in captivity does seem to be an important consideration. The question of possible primary haemic conditions must not be neglected, particularly as the disease apparently occurs most commonly, under conditions in which we might naturally expect a greater or lesser degree of anaemia. We believe that primary anaemia is not a frequent introductory condition, though sec- ondary anaemias are doubtless frequently present in the early, as well as the later, stages of the disease, but apparently not as an essential primary inductive agent. SYMPTOMS. While there are no positive premonitory symptoms which are characteristic of this malady, still there are certain signs, the appearance of which will justify a provisional diagnosis. One of the first symptoms manifested is that the subject becomes less active than usual, instead of running and leaping about from swing to swing, it sits on the floor or isolates itself in some far corner of its cage and takes very little interest in its surround- ings except at feeding time; for the appetite generally remains good up to the later or terminal stage of the disease. Gradually a noticeable stiffness is apparent when the animal moves about. This stiffness is most marked in the posterior extremities and generally progresses quite rapidly. During this stage, the animal is apparently free from pain, but of this one cannot feel sure, since we have observed that, as a rule, monkeys can stand considerable pain without any external manifestation of suffering. Later the movements of the animal become quite cumbersome, its actions resembling those of animals suffering from rheumatism. If the animal is closely examined, even at 140 NEWYORK SZ © @Ol@OGICMES SO CEE Ye PLATE II. CASE NUMBER 6.—THORAX AND SPINAL COLUMN OF MONKEY SHOWN ON PAGE 131, EXHIBITING DEFORMITIES. this early stage of the disease, it will be found that there are marked changes going on, especially in the bones. Considerable alteration in the form of the thorax will be found. The resistance of the bones is greatly diminished, and they break under a slight strain, so that fractures (particularly green stick fractures) and distortions are apt to be met with. Marked osseous changes may take place, apparently without constitutional symptoms. However, the patient soon loses its spirit and the general health fails. The skin is dry and the hair lustreless. There is beginning emaciation, the muscles becoming soft and flabby. The animal is generally subject to frequent attacks of indigestion, accom- panied by swelling and abdominal pain. No urinary manifesta- tions are present in this stage of the disease. Partial paralysis of the posterior extremities soon comes on, with atrophy of the muscles of the loin and limbs. The progress of the disease is now generally quite rapid, and the animal lies huddled up in a corner of its cage; if forced to move, rises languidly and with difficulty, and moves the limbs rigidly, as if they were without joints. Its locomotion is extremely cumber- NINTH) ANNUAL REPORT: 141 some, generally using its long arms as a cripple would use crutches. With constant decubitus the patient fails, rapidly becoming emaciated and weak. nostrils: Sia sie oir wepsahen sees Asis cee One eee 81 Greatestadeptl yor, neadaes\- ius a ee 193 Pepi zor MnOSeren a: pt ters eos Ue ee: aerate 156 Dept Ok: Clitinn 2 oa. acy. ber onan tegen een 119 BeaweenMtlereyeSemsa tact ee ae ieee eee 110 Cincum#rerencerol horntat baseaamas see 153 Meno thors nOnnt, seoces sth ace ee ee eee 260 Wadthvbetween point-of horns. cms. ae eee 210 MenethtOf rear :7. cheese wont tacon en erae io eno 150 NVildth Hoi eareSitac cc scrue iy tee to epee eee 05 enethwordbeard... ai seme mea eee eee eee 110 Ikenethwol trout: 1OOtu wer ements ee ee eee 83 Wadthor front TOOts.4 58.541 sheen no ene 72 Extreme width of dew claws outside..:........5- 80 [FeneSthOr 1 rOnttOt thontenOOl aaenws cele Ae een 52 Hund: toot lengths 2 oo scutes: eee can eet eee Zl hinds fOOt. wit tlie ccs eet err ences 2 Ibenethrot dew claw. <6 get ase 0. er eee 52 Wiaidthsot-dewAclaws-coe55 see ae 34 * No. 60 is goat shown on page 10. NENG ES AN NTA. REPO RA 261 MEASUREMENTS OF MOUNTAIN GOAT HORNS IN INCHES. Four large specimens in the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., selected and measured by Madison Grant on February 4, 1905, gave the following dimensions: Left. 9% Lake Chelan, Washington. 8 ly, (74 (73 SY Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho. Sef 6c “ (74 lifteen specimens in the American Museum of Natural His- tory, New York City, were measured by Dr. J. A. Allen, with the following result: Right. 52 2 22694 ¢ 9 22695 ¢ 9% 19335 ¢ 9 19337.9 9'3/16 19836 $ jnr. 73/16 19937 6 - 19838 3 9% 19839 9% 19858 9 8% 21504 Q 9% 21505 2 97% 21506 —— 758 Mt. *Headd 10% tMt. S$ 9% Left. Spread. 7% 434 O.m. missoule, Missoula, Montana. gt 16 4% “a (as ce “é ce 85% 4% Ge GG 66 6“ 6“ i! = “ ‘ ‘ a “ce / q ‘ “cc oe “c “cc 9% 4” “ 84 61%4 “ * columbianus, Schesley Mts., B. C. 1% 6G ii 6c“ 6c 6c 60 "GG 978" = ys 8 KS 66 66 6 6 66 10 8% 87% 5 6 WG be ms oe oe 66 84 57% se be a3 6“ (9 305 Ht vy 9 Ade Fe ‘ Main Rockies, “ * 97% 5 ee 66 oe oe $6 OG) GC 738 4% (WG ‘ fa 6 (He x5 103/16 4% (a3 (13 66 a a O66 95h (Rave CE Te A ‘ “ CONNEC * Head shown on page 26, property of Madison Grant. { Property of Charles Arthur Moore, Jr. BY-LAWS OF THE Pew Pork Zoological Society AMENDED TO FEBRUARY I, 1905. ARILCE Ea Ie MEETINGS OF THE SOCIETY. SECTION I. The office and place of business of the New York Zoological Society shall be in the City of New York, unless otherwise ordered. Sec. 2. The Society shall hold its annual meeting for the election of Managers, and other business, on the second Tuesday of January, or such day thereafter during the month of January to which said annual meeting shall adjourn. ; SEC. 3. Special meetings of the Society shall be called by the Secre- tary, upon the request of the President or the Chairman of the Executive Committee, or at the written request of ten members. Sec. 4. Notices of all meetings shall be mailed to each member of the Society at least three days before such meeting. Sec. 5. At meetings of the Society twenty members shall constitute a quorum. Sec. 6. The order of business shall be as follows: Roll call. Reading of minutes not previously read. Report of Executive Committee. Report of Secretary. Report of Treasurer. Report of Director of the Zoological Park. Report of Director of the Aquarium. Election of Managers. Communications. Miscellaneous business. Reports and resolutions. BORE) ers oNene SCS 1S Te mH ARIICRE a: BOARD OF MANAGERS, Sec. 1. The Board of Managers shall consist of thirty-six members, together with the Mayor of New York and President of the Park Board, or Commissioner for the Bronx, who shall be members ex-officio of the Board. Sec. 2. Nineteen Managers shall constitute a quorum, but ten man- agers may transact current business, and adjourn, subject to the subsequent approval of a meeting at which a quorum shall be present. Sec. 3. The Board of Managers shall hold an annual meeting on the third Tuesday of January, or on such day thereafter to which said annual meeting shall adjourn. Regular meetings of the Board may also be called NINGE ANNUAL REPORT, 263 by the Secretary on the third Tuesdays of October and April, upon the re- quest of the President or Chairman of the Executive Committee. Special meetings of the Board shall be called at any time by the Secretary, upon the request of the President or Chairman of the Executive Committee, or at the written request of five Managers. Sec. 4. Notices of meetings of the Board shall be mailed to each Man- ager at least three days before such meetings. Sec. 5. The successors to the outgoing class of Managers shall be elected by the Society at its annual meeting, but vacancies in the Board may be filled for the unexpired term by the Board of Managers, or by the Executive Committee. Sec. 6. A Nominating Committee shall be annually appointed by the Executive Committee, and shall consist of three members of the Society at large, who shall nominate and post ten days before the annual election the names of twelve persons to succeed the outgoing class of Managers in a conspicuous place in the office of the Society. Sec. 7. No person shall be eligible for election to the Board of Man- agers, except to fill vacancies, unless his name shall have been posted as a candidate by such Committee, or by not less than ten members, in writing, in a conspicuous place in the office of the Society ten days before the annual election. All candidates for election as Managers must be Life Members, Patrons, Associate Founders, or Founders of the Society. Sec. 8. Any Manager who shall fail to attend three consecutive meet- ings of the Board, unless excused by vote of the Board, shall cease to be a Manager. Sec. 9. The Board of Managers shall at its annual meeting elect a President, two Vice-Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer, who shall hold office for one year, or until their successors are elected. The Presi- dent, Vice-Presidents, and Treasurer shall be members of the Board. Sec. 10. The Director of the Zoological Park, the Director of the Aquarium, and all other persons employed by the Society, shall be appointed by the Board or by the Executive Committee, and shall hold office during the pleasure of the Board. Sec. 11. The Board shall, at its annual meeting, elect an Executive Committee and Auditing Committee, which shall hold office for one year, or until their successors are elected. The Board of Managers and the Executive Committee shall also have authority to appoint such other Com- mittees or Officers as they may at any time deem desirable, and to delegate to them such powers as may be necessary. Sec. 12. The order of business of the meetings of the Board shall be as follows: Roll call. Reading of minutes not previously read. Report of Executive Committee. Report of Secretary. Report of Treasurer. Report of Auditing Committee. Report of Director of the Zoological Park. Report of Director of the Aquarium. Election of Officers. Election of Committees. Election of new members. Communications. 13. Miscellaneous business. Sec. 13. All reports and resolutions shall be in writing, and the ayes and nays may be called on any resolution at the request of one Manager. Sec. 14. Whenever the funds of the Society shall permit, the Board of Managers or the Executive Committee may award medals or other prizes for meritorious work connected with the objects of the Society. — et GANA SO BI AMERY D 264 NEW “YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIERY. ARTICLE, Wie OFFICERS. Sec. 1. The officers of the Society shall consist of a President, two Vice-Presidents, a Treasurer, a Secretary and a Director of the Zoological Park. These officers, with the exception of the Director, shall be elected at the annual meeting of the Board of Managers, but any vacancy may be filled for an unexpired term by the Board of Managers, or by the Executive Committee, until the next annual election. Sec. 2. The President shall preside at all meetings of the Board and of the Society, and shall be ex-officio a member of the Executive and Auditing Committees. Sec. 3. The Vice-Presidents shall, in the absence of the President, pom his duties and possess his powers, acting in the order of their election. Sec. 4. The Treasurer shall receive, collect and hold, subject to the order of the Board of Managers, or the Executive Committee, all dues, subscriptions, warrants from the City, fees and securities. He shall pay all bills as ordered by the Board of Managers or the Executive Committee, and shall report to the Society at its annual meeting, and to the Board of Managers at all regular meetings and to the Executive Committee at each meeting. He shall keep all moneys and securities in some bank or trust company to be approved by the Board of Managers or Executive Com- mittee. The books of the Society shall at all times be open to the inspec- tion of the Managers. Sec. 5. The Secretary shall be a salaried officer of the Society. He shall be present, unless otherwise relieved by the Board or Executive Committee, at all meetings of the Society, of the Board and of the Stand- ing Committees. He shall keep a careful record of all proceedings, shall have the custody of the seal, archives and books, other than books of account, and shall conduct the correspondence of the Society. He shall issue all notices and tickets and shall perform such other duties as the Board may direct. He shall be a member ex-officio of the Executive, Aquarium and Auditing Committees and of the Scientific Council. Sec. 6. The Director of the Zoological Park shall be elected annually by the Executive Committee at a salary to be determined by said Com- mittee, and paid monthly from funds of the Society. He shall be the responsible administrative officer of the Park, and shall recommend to the Executive Committee candidates for the various positions in the Park. He shall also perform all such other duties in connection with the busi- ness, scientific and literary administration of the Society as may be assigned to him by the Executive Committee. Sec. 7. The Director of the Aquarium shall be elected annually by the Executive Committee, and shall hold office until removed or his suc- cessor is chosen by said Committee. He shall be the responsible admin- istrative officer of the Aquarium, and shall recommend to the Executive Committee all candidates for positions in the Aquarium. The Director of the Aquarium shall be ex-officio a member and Chairman of the Aqua- rium Committee. He shall perform such other duties in connection with the Aquarium as may be assigned to him by the Executive Committee. ARATE Ee ve COMMITTEES. Sec. 1. There shall be two standing committees, the Executive Com- mittee and the Auditing Committee, which shall hold office for one year or until their successors are elected. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 265 Sec. 2. The Executive Committee shall consist of seven Managers, together with the President and Secretary of the Society ex-officio. Four members shall constitute a quorum, and all meetings shall be called by the Chairman. The Executive Committee shall fill all vacancies in its own number and shall have the full powers of the Board of Managers, except so far as such delegation of power may be contrary to law. Sec. 3. The Executive Committee shall have the control and regula- tion of the collections, library and all other property of the Society, and shall have power to purchase, sell and exchange specimens and books, to employ and control all officials and employees of the Society, Park, and Aquarium, and generally to carry out in detail the directions of the Board of Managers and the terms of any contract between the City, or Park Board, and the Society. Sec. 4. All the rules and regulations for the examination of applicants for the various positions in the Park and Aquarium shall be made or approved by the Executive Committee. Sec. 5. The Executive Committee may regulate the auditing and pay- ment for all current accounts. Sec. 6. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint an Aquarium Committee, whose duties and powers are set forth in Section 11 of Article IV. of these By-Laws. Sec. 7. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint a Nominat- ing Committee, whose duties and powers are set forth in Sections 6 and 7, Article II. of these By-Laws. Sec. 8. It shall also appoint a Scientific Council, whose powers and duties are set forth in Section 2 of Article V. of these By-Laws. Sec. 9. The Committee shall make a written report at each regular meeting of the Board of Managers. Sec. 10. The Auditing Committee shall consist of three regular mem- bers of the Society, in addition to the President and Secretary, members ex-officio, and vacancies shall be filled by the Executive Committee. It shall be the duty of the Auditing Committee to audit, annually, the accounts of the Treasurer, of the Director of the Zoological Park, and of the Director of the Aquarium, and any other accounts of the Society, and shall report to the Board of Managers at its annual meeting. Sec. 11. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint an Aquarium Committee not to exceed eight members of this Society, who shall hold office until their successors are chosen. All vacancies shall be filled by the Executive Committee. The Director of the Aquarium shall be ex-officio a member and the Chairman of the Aquarium Committee, and such Com- mittee may vest in him any or all of its powers. The Chairman of the Executive Committee and the Secretary of the Society shall also be e+- officio members of the Aquarium Committee. Three members shall con- stitute a quorum. The Executive Committee may delegate to the Aquarium Committee such powers as it may deem proper. AREER Ve SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL. Sec. 1. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint a Scientific Council of not more than ten members, and shall fill all vacancies. Mem- bers of the Council shall hold office until their successors are appointed. Sec. 2. The duties of the Council shall be to act as an advisory board in all matters pertaining to the scientific administration of the Society, and especially as to the scientific features of the Park, the promotion of zoology by publications and otherwise, and the preservation of the native fauna of America. Sec. 3. Four members, including the Chairman, shall constitute a 266 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. quorum. The Chairman shall be elected annually by the Council. The Chairman of the Executive Committee and the Secretary of the Society shall be members ex-officio of the Council. ARATE Es Vil: MEMBERS. Sec. 1. The present members and such others as shall become asso- ciated with them, under the conditions prescribed by the By-Laws, shall be members of this Society as long as they shall comply with the By-Laws. Sec. 2. Members failing to comply with these By-Laws, or for other good and sufficient cause, may be expelled from the Society by the Executive Committee. Sec. 3. Candidates for membership shall be proposed and seconded by members of the Society. The name, occupation and place of residence of every member so proposed shall be submitted for election to the Board of Managers or the Executive Committee, and such person, when elected, shall become a member upon payment of the annual dues, or of the fees as prescribed below. Sec. 4. The annual dues shall be ten dollars, payable in advance, on the first day of May of each year, but the Executive Committee may remit the dues for the current year in the case of members elected between January Ist and May Ist of each year. The classes of membership shall be as follows: Sec. 5. The payment of $200 at one time shall constitute any member a Life Member. Sec. 6. The payment of $1,000 at one time, or in the case of a Life Member, of $800, shall constitute any member a Patron. Sec. 7. The payment of $2,500 at one time, or in the case of a Patron of $1,500, or of a Life Member of $2,300, shall constitute any member an Associate Founder. Sec. 8. Any member who shall donate to the Society $5,000, or prop- erty of equal value, or any Associate Founder who shall donate $2,500, or any Patron who shall donate $4,000, may be elected by the Board of Managers or Executive Committee a Founder. Sec. 9. Any member who shall have donated to the Society ten thou- sand dollars ($10,000), or its equivalent, may be elected by the Board of Managers or the Executive Committee a Founder in Perpetuity. Such Founder in Perpetuity shall have the power to designate by a last will and testament his successor, who shall thereupon be entitled to all the rights and privileges of the original Founder in Perpetuity, including the right of designating in turn his successor. Sec. 10. Any member who shall donate to the Society $25,000, or any Founder who shall donate $20,000, may be elected by the Board of Managers or Executive Committee a Benefactor. A Benefactor shall have all the rights and privileges of a Founder in Perpetuity. Sec. 11. Persons who have rendered marked service in the science of zoology or natural history may be elected Honorary Members, but not more than three such Honorary Members shall be elected in any one calendar year. Sec. 12. A resident member who shall have rendered marked scien- tific or professional services to the Society in any branch of its work may be elected by the Executive Committee a Life Member, Patron, Associate Founder, or Founder. A resident of New York who shall have rendered marked services in zoology or natural history may be elected by the Execu- tive Committee a Permanent Fellow. Sec. 13. Non-residents who communicate valuable information to the Society, or who have rendered marked service in the science of zoology or natural history, may be elected Corresponding Members. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT: 267 Sec. 14. Benefactors, Founders in Perpetuity, Founders, Associate Founders, Patrons, Life Members, Honorary Members, Permanent Fel- lows and Corresponding Members shall be exempt from annual due. ARTICLE VII. PRIVILEGES OF MEMBERS. Sec. 1. A member’s ticket admits the member and his immediate family to the Park on reserve days, and to all lectures and special exhibi- tions, and may be used by the member’s immediate family, and shall be good for the current year. Sec. 2. Admission tickets to the Park and Aquarium on reserve days are issued to members for distribution, and are good for the current year. Sec. 3. Each member of the Society is entitled annually to a mem- ber’s ticket and to ten admission tickets. Sec. 4. Each member shall also receive one copy of the catalogue or handbook, the report and official publications of the Society, and shall have all the privileges of the Library and Members’ Building. Sec. 5. No member shall be entitled to the privileges enumerated in this Article unless his annual dues shall have been paid. Sec. 6. The Life Members shall have all the privileges of Members and ten additional admission tickets. Sec. 7. Benefactors, Founders in Perpetuity, Founders, Associate Founders and Patrons shall have all the privileges of Life Members, and Sea in addition receive copies of all scientific works published by the ociety. Sec. 8. Any member who shall fail to pay his annual dues within three months after the same shall have become due, and after notice of thirty days, by mail, shall cease to be a member of the Society; subject, however, to reinstatement by the Board of Managers or Executive Com- mittee for good cause shown. Sec. 9. Any person elected to membership who shall fail to qualify within three months after notice of his election shall be considered to have declined his election; but such term may be extended by the Board of Managers or Executive Committee. GT Bag vs be le FINANCES. Sec. 1. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be the calendar year commencing January Ist and ending December 3ist. Sec. 2. Neither the Society nor any of its Managers or Officers shall contract any debt which, with existing debts, shall exceed in amount the funds then in the Treasury, except to meet expenditures for which the city is liable, and for which the Society will be reimbursed by warrants from the Comptroller’s office. ARTICLE IX. AMENDMENTS. Sec. 1. Amendments to these By-Laws may be proposed, in writing, at any meeting of the Board of Managers, and adopted by unanimous con- sent of the Managers present, or if such proposed amendment shall fail to receive unanimous consent, the Secretary shall, with the notices of the next meeting, send a copy of it to each Manager and state that it will be brought up for action at such meeting, when it may be passed by a majority vote. ‘Juoder ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, 40 Administration, department of, 69 Allen, Dir |. Ac, 237 Ancistrodon piscivorus, 183 Animals, health of, 58 hoofed, list of, 63 Apteryx, 204 Aquarium, 38 Aquarium, report, 89 attendance, go, 92 Detroit, 93 Government, 93 density observations at, 99 sea-fishes at, ToT fish diseases, IOI guide-book, 102 library, 102 list of fishes, 117 Asp, 181 Attendance, 58 Aviary, pheasants’, 73 Barrp Court, 74 Barnes, John S., 40 Barney, Charles T., 65 Bear, a new white, 81 Beebe, Curator C. William, 35,65, 203 Beerbower, George M., 71 Bien, Julius & Company, 103 Birds, summary of, 66 Blair, Dr. W. Reid, 37, 58, 135 Bourne, Frederick Gilbert, 35 Bristol, Prof. Charles L., 95 Bronx river, 76 Brooks, Dr. Harlow, 37, 135 Bushmaster, 188 Caparn, H. A., 42 Cassowary, 208 Chamois, 233 Cheney, Nelson, 102 @lark;.Georse ©. 35 Cobras, 178 de-capello, 181 Egyptian, 180 Sumatran, 183 king, 183, 190 masked, 187 disposition of, 186 feeding habits of, 190 relationship, 191 New World allies, 192 Colubridae, 178 classification of, 179 Collector, work of, 98 Collections, 35 summary of, 69 Commission, New York Fish, Forest and Game, 98, 103 Concourse, 31 Congress, International Zoological, 38 Crotalus pulvis, 199 lucifer, 200 DEATHS, 40 Department, administration, 69 birds, 64 engineering, 71 forestry, 74 mammals, 60 medical, 37 parks, go reptiles, 68 269 270 Dillingham, Senator, 38 Ditmars, Curator Raymond L., 68 ELAPS, 192 fulvius, 192, 194 euryxanthus, 192 corallinus, 192 margravil, 195 Elliot, Dr. D? G., 237 Emeu, 206 Engineering, department of, 71 Estimate and Apportionment, Board of, go Executive Committee, 35, 41, 65 report of, 31 FER-DE-LANCE, 188 Finances, 33 Fisheries, Bureau of, 35, 39, 93, 97, 98 Fish Commission, New York, 39 Fish Hatchery, 97 Forestry, 41 department of, 74 Fund, animal, 33, 49 Aquarium, 34, 55 Aquarium improvement, 34, 54 general, 33, 48 ground improvement, 33, 51, 52, 53 maintenance, 34, 50 park improvement, 33, 47 GALLINAE, 215 Game protection, 38 Gifts, 35 list of, 123 Goat, Rocky Mountain, 231 generic character of, 233 causes governing distribution, 242 legend distribution, 244 comparison with sheep, 246 local distribution of, 248 winter ranges of, 252 habits of, 253 weight and size of, 256 INDEX Goat, horns of, 256 protection of, 257 | Goral, 233 Grant, Madison, 40, 44, 231 Greenleaf, James L., 43 Ground improvement, 73, 74 HARRIMAN, Edward H., 75 Heins & La Farge, 41, 42 Hill, J. J., 35 Hornaday, Director William T., 41, 81 report of, 57 bear, a new white, 81 House, large bird, 73 ostrich, 73 small mammal, 73 IZARD, 233 James, Norman, 35, 61 MAINTENANCE work, 77 Mammals, summary of, 64 Manatee, 97 Maud, Major W. de S., 68 Mayer, Dr. Alfred G., 35, 102 McKim, Charles A., 42 Membership, 37 Merkel, Chief Constructor Herman W., 42, 73, 74 Mitchell, Chief Clerk H. R., 69 Moore, Jr., Charles Arthur, 237 Naja tripudians, 179- tripudians semifasciata, 183, 187 bungarus, 183, 190 Niles, William White, 40 OREAMNOS, 233 kennedyi, 237, 240 montanus, 236 montanus columbianus, 236, 240 montanus missoulae, 237, 240 types of, 236 Osborn, Prof. Henry Fairfield, 38, 40, 42 INDEX 271 Osgood, Wilfred H., 259 Osteomalacia, 135 occurrence of, 138 etiology, 138 symptoms, 139 pathological anatomy, 141 treatment, 152 durations, 153 cases, 153 Ostriches, 203, 211 integument, 217 general form, 225 Payne, Col. Oilver H., 35, 61 Photography and publications, de- partment of, 72 Pinnipeds, notes on, 105 Planting, 77 Public schools, 98 Publications, 38 Pyne, Percy R., 35 Rapip Transit, 31, 32, 43 Rattlesnake, a new species of, 197 Report, Treasurer’s, 47 Reptiles, department of, 68 summary of, 69 Restaurant, 70 Rhea, 209 Rupicaprinae, 231 SANBORN, E. R., 72 Schley, Grant B., 35 Schuyler, Philip, 40 Sea elephant,’southern, 106 northern, 107 Seal, Newfoundland, 105 Caspian, 106 Lake Baikal, 106 West Indian, 107 Antarctic, 107 Seal, South African, rog Galapagos, 109 Guadeloupe, 110 Lobos, 110 Okhotsk, 111 Commander, 111 Pribilof, 111 Sealing, Pelagic, 114 Serow, 233 Serpents, poisonous, mental capacity of, 177 Schrader, Hon. Henry C., 72 Snake, chicken, 181 indigo, 181 king, 181 water, 181, 183 coral, 178 harlequin, 192 sonoran coral, 192 water moccasin, 183 Storage barn, 70 Stone, Andrew J., 259 Sylvester! A. El: 259 TAKIN, 233 Telephone, 70 Thorne, Samuel, 40 Tinamous, 215 Totem Pole, 32, 75 Townsend, Director Charles H., 105 report of, 89 Trees and shrubs, list of, 44 Trinidad, 192 Tropidonotus taxispilotus, 183 Ursus kermodei, 82 WALKER & Company, George L., 73 Walks, 75 Walrus, 107 White bear, a new species of, 81 x i . se Y, ~ 7 z - = rv) 7 . 1 * rs e * Dose elh aa Ahi tien j MW Mapas tc tii J ep Nita ee cg Ar ; iy i 4 { Lay Pint iyi Ve eo he MT 4 Noe ivi i i _ h } i : if TaAt Pa y ily Oo in ' a eur eter hy oat, ; wr ‘i AY ae) BOD chia I 7 : ih Pk, Ar eat WO LL 738