» 1? cn lard RE TP aT Da % SA an Poe Sd ne aids) { Jy See RW wie Lani Wis a A eta ny! . : ‘ Py ’ LAR ries ike ; SY ios ey +7 is re ~) pt 255 teh he, eee ae ig ara “4 - 4 : pranks Aresnincatae mnceaen demg bi ep is te e Wiens» SEY iG mahishoee bes ed ie fe aes, iy WOW gy >t. wa Lye OL aw pny ee Se: tot iat Ay ie Bs etek pa Pb athe \ J pil 7 ~ sie TEER , Mi oh roth SEN of " ! \ | 1 = oF 3 =~ fn f oe EN Hn ae | é red HEE Te a Prats oF i ay aul e Hy iy “ea i eps es tyes AN, Suit | Og yd lade Ho te ne Wi Daly be x oF el ay Ney ae E ae aaa, . VLE pp ALLL ee so Aes) ira Ai aL ak , nea ee Pe ito hay 8 feet SN fF || See, ies AF a ease, Se “ Va y 4 = & on. ee te ae FeehS? o a Lt TBs a2 Seach ee ete, EMIS ALE ‘ rede tig | wane ee ad a? al 3 ec ih ah ne a Sa Af, ity id se Pee ey os Cee a Fa = Zuee ea ae enh drat Hh eo wale spel, i ea #3 4} Ret: ) ~ tet Se, DEN og omy i. ae a ; - ; é NL fe i et Se Ne EO ae ay i dct ; 5 i ) ein inti rf fee 4 i NE ETS ck st - FIELD MuseuM oF NATURAL HISTORY | PUBLICATION 243 | ‘SERIES ao NOL: Vidy Noe 1 \ “FOR THE YEAR 1928 o , ¢ vd Sete at er NATURAL _ ayy _ HISTORY. ste iy =~ Net, WOLOcy y Libs vat SA January, 1927 AG et eT Reports, Vol. VII, Plate I Field Museum of Natural History 7 APTAIN MARSHALL FIELD C FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATION 243 REPORT SERIES Vou NIT Now 1 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR 1926 SN 22 1S23 é] Cd SZiNoLogy LIBR HISTORY ISIEIAIS EI ASN CHICAGO, U.S. A. Sanuary, 1997 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS BEQUESTS Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may be made in securities, money, books or collections. They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to the memory of a person or cause, to be named by the giver. For those desirous of making bequests to the Museum, the following form is suggested: FORM OF BEQUEST I do hereby give and bequeath to “Field Museum of Natural History” of the City of Chicago, State of Llinois, Cash contributions made within the taxable year to Field Museum of Natural History to an amount not in excess of 15% of the taxpayer’s net income are allowable as deduc- tions in computing net income under the Revenue Law. Endowments may be made to the Museum with the pro- vision that an annuity be paid to the patron during his or her lifetume. These annuities are tax-free and are guaran- teed against fluctuation in amount. @ CONTENTS RareCP MRP TRTEETISECOS te) cy Wot sf MUM e leis a ratalgne (ele: sTS ale ates dceieleie alale ‘ears a eiacece ® 6 PRM ECR ET Os OMNITNICLCCS 215) uiy savers oars die is oi wis Gl sled oid 0 Sle ibvereis © bles Glole's 7 ee WERE TUTTE SUT VI ge es hs Nr ince fro 3 Se cy deena lace el cuelulabel gts: whe sieve: otuiwin vere, eles 8 MM MIPE MIEN ERO TCCLONG 31) ise ce ela Satay aide, csi Wa Give aloud oes wea AD PeeceonecrononeMterbalNMents 2) ok 02 eve hoe deo bese «elute ecole eels dele 1, The James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Public School and MEM SHC CLUTCR i siliece Co sles de ix ateralal easels ecesedeee'e Gales ove 6 21 EARL TON St fos Ne feet deyrs gos earn ei Tne ic) Seek oe LS isha wary 23 PERRI seote Nery sud Sy eile Re Gna lagesier Sg louet a Gye yb e wlere ave 25 Cataloguing, Inventorying and Labeling .......................000. 28 Accessions ....... = SL Eble ARTO Dal eae ARE aC RL Ra 31 PE ReE NONLIN ge eyo ove sn ics hace acco: ev lat Grains a ac steds isl gas or cla 6 "Sle kisveleuara sae 51 Installation and Permanent Improvement Sep AIR Se LPS Ra eMtay 2 aia 8 Uk The N. W. Harris Public School Extension ..................00c e008: 96 Pa MEVESEREC HEC ASSESS crib dre seed arate hers Se. od elt Ge ole eo ook eitere wheres 97 SER PRE TEE nC oe ea aere rea Ate Nigcutal SeG Ieee Slats, Sie’ ohuL Th gliatnecusae tare 98 TV SSPESTOTE ay BESTT eh a NEY RES eR ea AR LR Se 100 - Division of Photography, Roentgenology and Illustration ............. 101 PR MerATICOU Nes yy ease Danae ahah inavg ih gaia 8 Uni laha (Mee cnet 102 PREECE SUAUINGICS coset ye) epee cis. a i sis csioli aia Mnlgiorabeie's widiele Gioia a's Sieles 103 MMR HIC EPR SUALCTICTIGS iets oo ie ew ery a anccbin ts le mica celal a ciagevans coat aleies Wisse ane iene te 104 ESE MS PCE CSOT Sa ee Ace ee cre a ae ale Se LOG MMepanomenl OF ANtOTOPOlOLY. 2 i. io oe ice Lee ee aoe bpcalees poo o's 106 MIG RAEEIMEN EON DD OLAN Ye eee CORE FPA On 109 MER ABEMMeNG OL CreOlO RY esis er eae ee ole bad el emaperd bid Siete biel che os ia WIEDALtMeNG OF ZOOLOTY:. 6.0. kes oss sic tie ode ble eee ee SOM fea ae 113 MONO NOLOUTADAY Toon oe cui Sak ae ee ee coe woe 117 EDT Dede ULED SRN art ORG ESS a Ae Ae aI eS UL ee a 117 ee AMA OMICS RLEMSION (ey soles ues ta ata tccedaysbelehel chasel se tinh see cial eieiceal yobs 128 SRR CSEGRTECORDOTATIOND oils evince niece ey es ORO oe eG Ie 129 RE TCR ME TSW erect cl ste e seed sie a ieee Nat a Weal lh cial ge lbec theater Ste lade 131 List of Benefactors, Honorary Members, and Patrons ....................- 136 Weimer EOL porate NIEMDErS | 2 cc ee ce Oe le Slee wie cde 137 SECC EICTRCE VEC METS cry cys ia kee etal ouch Many Luni Sunes ots aie Fah as ay al 138 Pe ACSOCINte WECMPDCTS, 3/0 ou ey ee eo cuore did ele ieleloeccile bin e'elbincieiele 141 Mme Sustain We Mpbers 2 acces case ee Obs blob ee dle caleba eee 153 Mrnmore anual Members) oY eee feo lc basi wee devel. + 15%, 6 FirtpD MusSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII. THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES EDWARD E. AYER Watson F. BLAIR JOHN BORDEN HARRY E. BYRAM WILLIAM J. CHALMERS RICHARD T. CRANE, JR. D. C. DAVIES CAPTAIN MARSHALL FIELD STANLEY FIELD ERNEST R. GRAHAM Pat ry cer ter ed 4 | ed as a a = ALBERT W. HARRIS ARTHUR B. JONES CHAUNCEY KEEP | CHARLES H. MARKHAM Cyrus H. McCormick MARTIN A. RYERSON JAMES SIMPSON SoLoMON A. SMITH ALBERT A. SPRAGUE SILAS H. STRAWN WILLIAM WRIGLEY, JR. JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. OFFICERS STANLEY FIELD, President MARTIN A. RYERSON, Furst Vice-President Watson F. BLAIR, Second Vice-President ALBERT A. SPRAGUE, Third Vice-President D. C. DAVIES, Secretary ARTHUR B. JONES, Assistant Secretary SOLOMON A. SMITH, Treasurer COMMITTEES EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE STANLEY FIELD ALBERT A. SPRAGUE WATSON F.. BLAIR EDWARD EK. AYER WILLIAM J. CHALMERS CAPTAIN MARSHALL FIELD ARTHUR B. JONES JOHN BORDEN FINANCE COMMITTEE WaTSON F. BLAIR ARTHUR B. JONES MARTIN A. RYERSON CHAUNCEY KEEP ALBERT W. HARRIS BUILDING COMMITTEE WILLIAM J. CHALMERS ALBERT A. SPRAGUE Cyrus H. McCorRMIckK ERNEST R. GRAHAM HARRY FE. BYRAM AUDITING COMMITTEE ARTHUR B. JONES CHARLES H. MARKHAM SILAS H. STRAWN PENSION COMMITTEE ALBERT A. SPRAGUE SOLOMON A. SMITH JAMES SIMPSON 8 FIELD MusEeUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. LIST OF STAFF DIRECTOR D. C. DAVIES DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY BERTHOLD LAUFER, Curator A. L. KROEBER, Research Associate.in American Archaeology ASSISTANT CURATORS RALPH LINTON—Oceanic and Malayan Ethnology ALBERT B. LEwis—Melanesian Ethnology WILLIAM D. Stronc—Norith American Hihnology and Archaeology J. Eric THOMPSON—Mezxican and South American Archaeology W. D. HaMBLy—African Ethnology HENRY FIELD—Physical Anthropology JOHN G. PRASUHN, Sculptor DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY B. E. DAHLGREN, Aciing Curator J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE, Assistant Curator of Taxonomy JAMES B. McNAarrR, Assistant Curator of Economic Botany CARL NEUBERTH, Custodian of Herbarium DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY O. C. FARRINGTON, Curator HENRY W. NICHOLS, Associate Curator ELMER S. Riees, Associate Curator of Paleontology SHARAT K. Roy, Assistant Curator of Invertebrate Paleontology DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY WILFRED H. OsGoop, Curator WILLIAM J. GERHARD, Associate Curator of Insects C. E. HELLMAYR, Associate Curator of Birds H. BOARDMAN CONOVER, Associate in Ornithology ASSISTANT CURATORS EDMUND HELLER—Mammals KARL P. ScCHMIDT—Repitiles Joun T. ZIMMER—Birds ALFRED C. WEED—Fishes R. MAGOoN BARNES—Oology EDMOND N. GUERET—Osteology ALFRED M. BAILEY, Assistant TAXIDERMISTS JuLius FRIESSER—Mammals Cc. J. ALBREcHtT—Mammals L. L. Pray—Fishes LEON L. WALTERS—Repitiles ASHLEY HINE—Birds DEPARTMENT OF THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION S. C. Simms, Curator A. B. WOLCOTT, Assisiani Curator JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. THE LIBRARY ELSIE LIPPINCOTT, Librarian EMILY M. WILCOXSON, Assistant Librarian REGISTRAR AUDITOR HENRY F. DITZEL BENJAMIN BRIDGE CLIFFORD C. GREGG, General Assistant RECORDER PURCHASING AGENT ELSIE H. THOMAS DouGLAS W. GIBSON THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN’S LECTURE DIVISION DorRoTHY R. COCKRELL, Chief MARGARET F’. FISHER CLEVELAND P. GRANT MARGARET M. CORNELL DIVISION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS H. B. HARTE CHARLES B. Cory, JR. HARRY E. CAYLOR DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS R. R. MORE, in charge DIVISION OF PRINTING U. A. DOHMEN, in charge DIVISION OF PHOTOGRAPHY, ROENTGENOLOGY AND ILLUSTRATION C. H. CARPENTER, Photographer CARL F. GRONEMANN, Artist A. A. MILLER, Photogravurist CHARLES A. CORWIN, Artist ANNA REGINALDA BOLAN, Roentgenologist SUPERINTENDENT OF MAINTENANCE JOHN E. GLYNN CHIEF ENGINEER W. H. CORNING WILLIAM E. LAKE, Assistant Engineer yy) . : ; { i ' . ‘ t ; “ , Z : : s 2 ‘ f . « ~ : s : : ~ “ ¥ 1 S + 1 “ = ‘ ’ 2 5 ‘ 2 r . 3 j +5 : mie $ \: 7 A J . re ee ~ bs ‘ . ‘ ‘ ces é = Ps : : as + s | Z . Re = : ; ‘ , E * Z ee 2 Ss = "iis ‘ < , = = ie ; ae : : - ; a E “ = —_ . = _ : os - < = - = t . < : ‘ . : = ‘ ’ t a : j c i 4 4 $ ; 7 i ' { a ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1926 To the Trustees of Field Museum of Natural History: | I have the honor to present a report of the operations of the Museum for the year ending December 31, 1926. The year has been especially noteworthy in the annals of the Institution for the unprecedented amount of scientific work under- taken, and for the important results obtained from these activities. These results include both the collection of rare and valuable mate- rial for the Museum itself, and contributions to the world’s general fund of knowledge through discoveries made by expeditions and research work conducted by the Museum. The extension of the scope of scientific expeditions, research work, publications and exhibits has brought about further develop- ment of the Museum as an outstanding educational establishment. Trails were blazed into various parts of the world by some sixteen expeditions during the year. A large part of this extramural activity, so essential to the Museum’s proper expansion, was made possible by the generosity of Captain Marshall Field. There has been continued evidence during the year of deepening interest in the Museum on the part of visitors and students. President Stanley Field contributed $50,718 towards the Build- ing Deficit Fund, and continued his annual contribution for the maintenance of the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories, of which he is the patron. Expenditures for the year exceeded income by $13,099.40, and this budget deficit was absorbed by President Field. One of the most notable purchases of the year is a valuable collec- tion of Chinese archaic jades, which was brought together in China by A. W. Bahr. This collection was bought from Mr. Bahr for $75,000, towards which Mrs. George L. Smith contributed $10,000. Others who contributed funds for this purchase are Miss Kate S. Buckingham, Mrs. John J. Borland, Mr. Martin A. Ryerson, Mr. Martin C. Schwab, Mr. Julius Rosenwald, and Mr. Otto C. Doering. One of the last important tasks performed for the Museum by the late Carl E. Akeley was the installation of his admirable Lion Spear- cB! 0 12 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. ing Group, which was presented to the Institution by Mr. Richard T. Crane, Jr. Mr. Crane also defrayed the expense of the installation of this group. A contribution of $6,000 was made by Mr. Charles R. Crane towards the expense of publishing ‘‘The Birds of the Americas,” and a further and final sum of $6,500 for this purpose was received from Mr. Crane, bringing his total contribution for this publication to $37,200. Mr. Edward E. Ayer contributed $1,000 for the purchase of additional books for the Ichthyological Library, and continued his contributions of books to the Ornithological Library. In addition he continued his gifts to the Edward E. Ayer Pewter Collection, adding thirty-four interesting objects during the year. Mr. William J. Chalmers supplemented his contributions for the purchase of additional specimens for the William J. Chalmers Crystal Collection. Funds which enabled the Museum to accept an invitation to place an exhibit in the Sesquicentennial International Exposition at Philadelphia, were contributed by Mr. Albert W. Harris. The exhibit was installed in a special booth in the Palace of Education at the Exposition, and presented various features of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension work of the Museum. A further contribution of $10,000 was made by Mr. James Simp- son towards defraying the final expenses of the James Simpson- Roosevelt Central Asia Expedition of Field Museum, which was com- pleted during the early months of the year. The Museum is indebted to the American Friends of China for their action in appropriating one-half of their annual income from members towards the development of the Chinese Section of the Institution. In addition to his regular annuity of $100,000, Captain Marshall Field provided $40,000 to defray the expenses of the Brazilian Expe- dition under the leadership of Mr. George K. Cherrie. Mrs. Mar- shall Field III and Mrs. Ernest Thompson Seton were members of this expedition, and the following members of the Museum staff participated: Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, Acting Curator of the Department of Botany, assisted by J. R. Millar and George Petersen; Professor Henry W. Nichols, Associate Curator of Geology; and Assistant Curator Karl P. Schmidt and Assistant Colin C. Sanborn of the Department of Zoology. References to the success of the expedition, which obtained JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 13 valuable botanical, geological and zoological material, are made else- where in this report. In addition to the regular funds allotted for the continuance of the archaeological investigations at Kish, Mesopotamia, it was found advisable to appropriate an extra amount to carry on this work properly, and an increase in the appropriation for the year 1927 has been authorized for further exploration in that locality. A gratifying manifestation of interest in the work of the Museum _ was displayed in the cooperation accorded by the Chicago Daily News in the sending of a zoological expedition to Abyssinia. The Chicago Daily News contributed the funds for the expenses of the expedition and sent one of its representatives with the party, whose frequent reports on its activities are being given an imposing amount of space in both that paper and associated newspapers in various parts of the country. This exemplification of interest on the part of a metropolitan newspaper is highly encouraging. Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood is in command of this expedition, which is known as Field Museum - Chicago Daily News Expedition, and the personnel of the party, which is an important one, was very carefully selected to assure obtaining of the best results. The chief object of the expedition is the collection of representative specimens of the little known fauna of Abyssinia, which zoologically is an almost virgin field. After painstaking research, Dr. A. L. Kroeber, who was in charge of the Second Captain Marshall Field Archaeological Expedition to Peru, has succeeded in establishing the chronological sequence of the ancient cultures of Peru. This accomplishment is extremely gratify- ing, for discoveries of this kind stand out as distinct contributions to the advancement of science. Mr. Frederick H. Rawson financed an expedition to the Sub- arctic regions under the leadership of Commander Donald B. MacMillan. This party, known as the Rawson-MacMillan Subarc- tic Expedition of Field Museum, explored the coasts of Labrador, Greenland, and Baffin Land. The two vessels which carried the expedition brought back rich cargoes of anthropological, geological and zoological material for the Museum, more reference to which is contained in other sections of this report. Mr. H. Boardman Conover and Mr. Robert Everard generously volunteered to finance the Conover-Everard Expedition to Tangan- yika Territory, Africa, for the purpose of securing for the Museum specimens of mammals, birds and other vertebrates of eastern and central Africa. The party is composed of Messrs. Conover and 14 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII. Everard, and Assistant Curator John T. Zimmer. According to re- ports received from the expedition, it is meeting with splendid suc- cess. Other expeditions made during the year included one by Mr. C. J. Albrecht to the State of Washington to secure specimens of Stellar’s Sea Lions; another by Mr. Albrecht to Arizona, in which he was accompanied by Artist Charles A. Corwin, to collect a group of Mule Deer; and a geological expedition by Assistant Curator Sharat K. Roy, conducted in the vicinity of Gilboa, New York, to collect re- mains of fossil trees of the Devonian Period, and invertebrate fossils of that region. Associate Curator Elmer 8. Riggs has directed the continuation of the Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedi- tion to Argentina, and the season’s work has added much valuable material to the collections. Assistant Curator Ralph Linton has con- tinued the work of the Captain Marshall Field Ethnological Expedi- tion in Madagascar with marked success. An agreement has been entered into with Colonel J. C. Faun- thorpe of Bombay, India, whereby he is to secure certain zoological group material especially desired for the Asiatic Hall of the Museum. A complete X-ray equipment, especially adapted for museum work, has been acquired and installed. -The apparatus was presented to the Institution by President Field. This equipment affords an invaluable addition to methods of Museum research, and is now being used in important investigations. It makes possible detailed examination of specimens without dissection and consequent danger of permanent injury to the material; and it is expected to reveal im- portant features in objects of the ancient arts, pathological conditions in mummies, and many other subjects of interest to science. In estab- lishing this Division of Roentgenology the Museum has taken the lead in a new departure in museum practice. The Division is pro- vided with an operating room, dark room, and complete fittings. Additional costly photographic equipment was provided for the Division of Photography and Illustration, which will increase the productiveness and efficiency of that Division. The second portion of the Navajo meteorite was purchased by the Museum during the year, bringing the total weight of this fall to 4,800 pounds. This is a notable fall, and is complete except for a few fragments. It is an addition of considerable importance to the total weight of meteoritic matter in the Museum. During the spring, summer and fall, the Museum, for the second time, maintained an exhibit of native plants and flowers of the JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 15 Chicago region. The collection was located in Stanley Field Hail. This effort to develop in children of the city an interest in native flora evoked much commendation from organizations such as the Wild Flower Preservation Society, and this society has since made a gift to the Museum of funds for maintenance of a similar exhibit in 1927 and subsequent seasons. Observations made during 1926 demonstrated that public interest in the Polynesian collection, which was installed in Hall F in 1925, is growing as it becomes better known. : An innovation made during the year was the series of six chamber music concerts given by the Gordon String Quartet, in the James Simpson Theatre, under the auspices of Mrs. Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge. These proved very popular, and were attended by a total of 4,406 persons. The use of the theatre was granted also to the Chicago Chamber Music Society, Inc., for a second series of concerts on six Sunday afternoons. Attendance at the first three of these totalled 2,034; the final three were scheduled for 1927. In recognition of the eminent service they have rendered to science, the following were elected Honorary Members of the Mus- eum: Mr. James H. Breasted, Mr. Chauncey Keep, and Mr. Homer E. Sargent. In appreciation of their eminent services to the Museum, the following were elected Patrons of the Institution: Mr. Carl E. Akeley, Mr. Watson F. Blair, Mr. George K. Cherrie, Mr. H. B. Conover, Mr. C. Suydam Cutting, Mr. Duncan §S. Elisworth, Mr. Charles R. Knight, Professor Stephen Langdon, Mr. John J. Mitchell, and Mr. Frederick H. Rawson. The death of Mr. Akeley, which occurred in the Belgian Congo on November 17, two days after his election as a Patron, closed a long and distinguished career of scientific effort. Mr. Akeley, it will be remembered, was chief taxidermist of the Museum from 1895 to 1909, and during that time, as also since his departure from the Mu- seum staff, rendered conspicuous services both to this institution and to the world of science as a whole. His loss is mourned by the members of the administrative and scientific staff of the Museum. The Museum was honored during the year by the visits of several distinguished persons, among them His Royal Highness Gustaf Adolf, Crown Prince of Sweden, who was elected an Honorary Member of the Institution; and Her Majesty, Queen Marie of Roumania. A plan has been developed for aiding in the presentation of the subject of historical geology, in accordance with which a series of SPS RSS Ee 16 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. twenty-eight large paintings will be executed on the walls of the Hall devoted to that branch of geology. Mr. Charles R. Knight, well known as a foremost artist in this line, has been engaged for this work. The paintings will represent typical scenes of the earth and its life during past geological periods. They were made possible by the interest in the Museum of Mr. Ernest R. Graham. In recogni- tion of his generosity the Hall of Historical Geology will be named Ernest R. Graham Hall. Additions made to the staff of the Museum during the year were as follows: Mr. William D. Strong, appointed Assistant Curator of North American Ethnology and Archaeology; Mr. J. Eric Thomp- son, of Cambridge, England, Assistant Curator of Mexican and South American Archaeology; Mr. Henry Field, Assistant Curator of Physical Anthropology; Mr. James B. MeNair, Assistant Curator of Economic Botany; Mr. W. D. Hambly of London, England, Assistant Curator of African Ethnology; Mr. A. M. Bailey, Assistant - in the Department of Zoology; Miss Anna R. Bolan, Roentgenolo- gist; and Mr.,Charles A. Corwin, Artist. | Mr. Cleveland P. Grant and Miss Margaret M. Cornell were added to the Raymond Division, Guide Lecture staff. Dr. Ralph Linton, formerly Assistant Curator of North American BKithnology, has been changed in title and duties to Assistant Curator of Oceanic and Malayan Ethnology. The temporary services of Professor Samuel J. Record, of Yale University School of Forestry, were secured for the preparation of new labels for the North American Woods Collection. Leave of absence for ten weeks was granted to Associate Curator C. E. Hellmayr, so that he might attend the Sixth International Ornithological Congress at Copenhagen, and visit Furopean museums for further study and comparison of types of birds. During the Eucharistic Congress, held in Chicago June 20 to 24, a large section of the ground floor, the James Simpson Theatre, the lecture hall, and certain offices of the Museum were allotted for the use of the dignitaries of the church. The convenience of the Museum to Soldiers’ Field, where masses were held, made this a real service to great numbers of churchmen. Also during the Eucharistic Congress, a collection of sacred relics from Ireland was placed on exhibition in Stanley Field Hall, and proved to be of great interest to the throngs who attended the congress. A new method of exhibiting habitat groups of mammals with scenic backgrounds has been adopted. The cases are treated archi- Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate II MORTUARY ARCHAIC JADES REPRESENTING SILKWORMS, LARVA OF CICADA, AND OTHER INSECTS Selected from the Jade Collection presented by Mrs. George T. Smith, Mrs. John J. Borland, Miss K.S. Buckingham, Mr. Martin A. Ryerson, Mr. Julius Rosenwald, Mr. Otte C. Doering, and Mr. Martin C. Schwab ed JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 17 tecturally and become an integral part of the hall. The source of the light is not visible, being diffused through a ground glass top. This light, coming through the front of the case, serves to illuminate the hall also. Eight of these cases have been constructed in Hall 16 to accommodate North American Mammals, and two were constructed in Hall 17 for Asiatic Mammals. The essential features of the illumination of these groups have been adopted also in the cases containing the “Four Seasons Deer _ Groups.” At the south end of Hall 32, on the second fioor, a case similar to the group cases on the first floor was constructed to accommodate a series of groups of the Chinese drama showing the Ten Courts of Purgatory. Interesting features of this case are the manner in which the groups are arranged, and the methods by which the available space is utilized to the fullest advantage. A series of cases with a total length of 120 feet was constructed along the four walls of Hall 23, containing the Edward E. Ayer Pewter Collection. These cases are illuminated from the top, the light being diffused through ground glass. A new method of installa- tion is employed here so that the important features of each piece are placed to advantage with respect to this light, and each label can be read easily. Other major construction work performed during the year con- sisted of six partitions built to divide the east halves of Halls 16 and 17, and bricking up of sixty court windows on the second floor. The latter alternation makes 3,000 square feet of new wali space available for displaying Chinese-wood carvings and paintings. A contract was entered into to supply live steam for heating certain rooms and areas in Soldiers’ Field. Necessary attention has been given to the maintenance of the Museum building, both interior and exterior. Grateful acknowledgment is made of the courtesies extended by the various transportation companies in displaying posters and placards directing the attention of the public to the Museum and its activities, and to the Clyde W. Riley Advertising System for allotting to the Museum space in the programs of the Chicago theatres. LECTURES AND ENTERTAINMENTS GENERAL LECTURES.—The Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Free Lec- ture Courses of Field Museum of Natural History were given in the James Simpson Theatre on Saturday afternoons during the Spring 18 FigLtD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REports, VOL. VII. and Autumn months. The Museum takes this occasion to thank the scientists and explorers whose participation made these courses successful. Following are the programs for both courses: March 6—‘‘Hunting Big Game in the Rocks.” Mr. Arthur Sterry Coggeshall, Carnegie Mu- seum, Pittsburgh. March 18—“Bermuda.” Mr. Carveth Wells. March 20—“Our Wild Flowers and Their Haunts.” Mr. Edward C. Avery, Buffalo. March 27—‘‘Rock-dwellers of Lower California.”’ Mr. Ford Ashman Carpenter, Los Angeles. April 3—“Tracing the Frontier of Alaska.” Mr. Asa C. Baldwin, New York. April 10—‘‘American Bird Life.’ Mr. Norman McClintock, Pie April 17—Lecture postponed. April 24—‘“‘On the Road to Timbuktu.” Colonel EF. Alexander Powell. September 25—“Bird Mannerisms.”’ Dr. Lucius C. Pardee, Chicago. October 2—“Explorations in Borneo and Nias.” (Arthur B. Jones Malayan Expedition, 1923.) Dr. Fay-Cooper Cole, Leader of the Expedition. October 9—“Life Through the Ages.” Mr. Charles R. Knight, New York. October 16—‘‘The Truth about the South Seas.” Dr. Frederick L. Washburn, University of Minnesota. October 23—‘‘The James Siehot Ebene rele Central Asia Ex- pedition.” Mr. George K. Cherrie. October 30—‘‘With John Muir in the California Sierras.’ Mr. Frederick Monsen, Pasadena. November 6—‘“‘The Evening Sky.” ‘Dr. G. Clyde Fisher, American Museum of Natural History, New York. November 13—‘“‘Morocco.”’ Mr. Horace Ashton, F.R.G.S. gAN. 1921. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 19 November 20—‘“‘Through India and Kashmir.” Mr. Barnum Brown, American Museum of Natural History, New York. November 27—‘“‘Home Life among the Blackfeet Indians.”’ , Mr. Walter McClintock, Pittsburgh. December 4—‘‘The Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of Field Museum.” Commander Donald B. MacMillan. December 11—‘“‘Secrets of Amazonian Jungles.” Dr. William Montgomery MeGovern, London. The total attendance at these nineteen lectures was 22,813 individuals. In addition to the announced courses, the following special lec- tures were delivered during the year: January 2—““Archaeological Explorations in Peru.” Professor A. L. Kroeber. January §9—“A Bird Sanctuary.” Mr. Jack Miner. January 17—“Explorations in the Gobi Desert.” Mr. Roy Chapman Andrews. April 4—“The Development of Aviation and American Scen- ery from the Air.”’ Major Hubert R. Harmon. April 17-18—‘“The James Simpson-Roosevelt Central Asiatic Ex- pedition of Field Museum of Natural History.”’ Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, Mr. Kermit Roosevelt. May 16—“‘Across the Voleanic Region of Ecuador and Down the Amazon.” Captain G. M. Dyoit. June 6—‘“‘Rambles in the Rockies with a Naturalist.” Mr. P. Arthur Smoll. October 24—‘‘The James Simpson-Roosevelt Central Asia Ex- pedition.”’ | Mr. George K. Cherrie. “October 31—‘‘Science Remaking the World: Coal Tar Products.” Dr. Edwin Slosson. November 14—“Over the Top of the World for Field Museum.” Mr. Kermit Roosevelt. 20 FIELD MusEUM OF NATURAL HiISTORY—REpPorRTS, VOL. VII. November 28—“Exploring the Amazons-Orinoco Wilderness.” Dr. Alexander Hamilton Rice. December 5—‘“‘The Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition.” Commander Donald B. MacMillan. December 12—‘‘The Mystery of Mount Everest.” Mr. N. E. Odell. December 16—“‘Explorations and Excavations in the Maya Field in 1926.” Dr. Sylvanus Griswold Morley. CONCERTS.—A new departure in public entertainment was made by the Museum when, through the generosity of Mrs. Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge, it inaugurated its first series of free Chamber Music Concerts given in the James Simpson Theatre on Sunday after- noons. These concerts, by the Gordon String Quartet, were well re- . ceived by audiences totalling 4,406 individuals. They were given on the following dates: March 21, March 28, April 11, April 25, May 2, and May 9. ) A second series of concerts given on October 17, November 7 and December 19, extended into 1927. This series was presented as a Beethoven Festival under the auspices of the Chicago Chamber Music Society. AMERICANIZATION PROGRAMS.—The Yale University Press Chron- icles of America Photoplays were, as in 1925, made the subject of a series of Americanization programs. The course was as follows: January 31—‘“Columbus.” “Jamestown.” February 7—“The Pilgrims.” “The Puritans.” February 14—“Peter Stuyvesant.” “The Gateway to the West.” February 21—‘Wolfe and Montcalm.” “The Eve of the Revolution.” February 28—“‘The Declaration of Independence.” ““Vincennes.”’ ‘Mareh , %—“‘Daniel Boone.” “The Frontier Woman.” March 14—“Yorktown.”’ “Alexander Hamilton.” | Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate Ili . *? ‘ = ‘ Pm. (7 a A Hef A - } —~ A BANYAN-LIKE FIG TREE Obtained from the Botanical Garden of Georgetown, British Guiana, and recently installed in the Hall of Plant Life Stanley Field Guiana Expedition, 1922 JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. pA These films were also used in three special programs given for members of Mothers’ Americanization Classes of the Chicago Board of Education on February 11, July 1 and November 11. The total attendance for the series and the special programs was 11,699. THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN’S LECTURES ENTERTAINMENTS FOR CHILDREN.—Courses for children were - given in the James Simpson Theatre during the Spring and Autumn months. The first course combined the Chronicles of America Photo- plays* with films on natural history. The second course was arranged to illustrate a trip around the world. As in previous years, Museum Stories for Children were prepared by the guide-lecturers and distributed at each entertainment. These courses were attended by 31,700 children. The programs were as follows: February 27—‘‘Columbus.”’ “Beauty Spots of America.” March 6—‘‘Jamestown.” ; “Cliff Dwellers.”’ March 13—“‘The Pilgrims.” “Australia’s Wild Northwest.” March 20—*“The Puritans.” “The Garden of the Hast.” ““A Glimpse into the Animal Kingdom.” March 27—“‘Peter Stuyvesant.” 3 “Wild Beasts of Borneo.” April 3—““The Gateway to the West.” “Sequoia National Park.’’ | “Hook, Line and Sinker.” April 10—“Wolfe and Montcalm.” “Birds of Prey.” ““Wasps and Bees.”’ April 17—*The Eve of the Revolution.” “A Naturalist’s Paradise.”’ “Steel.” April 24—“The Declaration of Independence.”’ “Jungle Adventures.” Parts 1 and 2. May 1—"Vincennes.”’ “Jungle Adventures.” Parts 3 and 4. “Field Museum acknowledges its indebtedness to Mr. Chauncy Keep for the gift of the historical photoplays. 22 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VoL. VII. May 8—‘*‘Daniel Boone.’’ uel. “‘Spiders.”’ May 15—“The Frontier Woman.” “Temples and Palaces of India.’ “The Seven Ages of Fishing.” May 22—*“Y orktown.”’ “Animal Life.”’ “The Silk Worm.” May 29—“Alexander Hamilton.’’ “The Spice of Life.’’ “The Growth of Animals.” October 2—“South America.” October 9—‘‘Africa.”’ October 16—“Persia.”’ October 238—‘“‘India.”’ October 30—“‘China.”’ November 6—“Japan.”’ November 13—‘“‘East Indies.” November 20—‘“‘Australia.”’ November 27—‘“‘The South Sea Islands.” In addition to those listed in the regular courses, five special entertainments were given for children. These were as follows: January 9—A Lecture “My Bird Friends.” Mr. Jack Miner. February 20—Washington’s Birthday Program. April 29—“‘Trailing African Wild Animals.” December 4—‘“‘Grass.” December 11—‘‘Moana of the South Seas.’’ RADIO TALKS.—Two radio talks were given by members of the Raymond Division. On August 19 Miss Fisher talked over WGN on ‘Bring Your Children to Field Museum,” and on November 17 Mr. C. P. Grant gave the lecture, ‘“‘The Activities of Field Museum,” over station WMAQ. GUIDE-LECTURERS.—As in previous years, classes from public, parochial and private schools, clubs, conventions, and other groups were given free guide-lecture service. Lectures given in the Museum exhibition halls by the guide-lecturers were of three types: (a) informal talks on announced subjects before 145 groups totalling JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 23 5,132 individuals; (6) lecture-tours by special appointment for 122 groups of adults, totalling 2,115 persons; (c) special instruction on Museum exhibits correlating with their school work, given to 414 classes with a total of 18,285 children. A number of new subjects were added to the list of extension lec- tures offered to the Public Schools. The complete list was as follows: “What We Owe to South America” for Grades 5B and 7B. “Food Fish of the World” for Grades 5A and 6B. “The Story of Iron and Coal.” for Grades 5A, 6B, 7B, 7A, 8B, 8A. “Flax, Cotton and Silk’ for Grades 5A, 6B, and 6A. “Roman Life’ for Grades 6B and 8B. “African Animals” for Grades 6A and 7A. ““The Philippine Islands’ for Grades 6A and 7A. “Glimpses of Chinese Life’ for Grades 6A and 7A. “North American Indians” for Grades 5A and 7B. “Activities of Field Museum” for Grade 8A. “Birds of the Chicago Area’’ for General Assembly. “Mammals of the Chicago Area” for General Assembly. “Fish of the Chicago Area’’ for General Assembly. _ During the year, 387 extension lectures were given before audiences totalling 140,318 children. In all, 1,070 lectures, attended by a total of 160,800 individuals, were delivered by the guide-lecturers during the year. PUBLICATIONS In the regular series, six publications have been issued, four of them being of the Zoological Series. In addition to a special leaflet, four numbers were added to the general leaflet series. To the Memoirs Series, inaugurated in 1925, one new number was added. Following is a list of the publications and leaflets issued during the year. Pub. 235—Report Series, Vol. VI, No. 5. Annual Report of the Director for 1925. January, 1926. 143 pages, 16 photo- gravures, 1 zinc. Pub. 236—Zoological Series, Vol. XII, No. 12. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Mona Island, West Indies. By Karl P. Schmidt. August, 1926. 20 pages, 6 zines. Pub. 237—Zoological Series, Vol. XII. No. 18. Amphibians and Reptiles of the James Simpson-Roosevelt Asiatic 24 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. Expedition. By Karl P. Schmidt. August, 1926. 10 pages, 2 zincs. Pub. 238—Botanical Series, Vol. VI, No. I. Citrus Products, Part I. By James B. McNair. ae 1926. 212 pages, 7 half- tones, 19 zines. Pub. 289—Zoological Series, Vol. XVI. Catalogue of the Edward E. Ayer Ornithological Library, Part I. By John Todd Zimmer. November, 1926. 366 pages, 7 halftones, 1 colored plate. Pub. 240—Zoological Series, Vol. XVI. Catalogue of the Edward E. Ayer Ornithological Library. Part Il. By John Todd Zimmer. November, 1926. 341 pages, 4 halftones. ANTHROPOLOGY, MEMOIRS Vol. II, No. 1. Archaeological Explorations in Peru, Part I: Ancient | Pottery from Trujillo. By A. L. Kroeber, Professor of An- thropology in the University of California. 1926. 44 pages quarto size, 4 zines, 13 photogravures. LEAFLETS Anthropology, No. 23. Ostrich Egg-shell Cups of Mesopotamia and the Ostrich in Ancient and Modern Times. By Berthold Laufer. 52 pages, 9 NE 10 text-figures, 1 cover design. Edition 6,018. Anthropology, No. 24. Indian Tribes of the Chicago Region. With special reference to the Illinois and the Potawatomi. By Wil- liam D. Strong. 36 pages, 8 photogravures. Edition 6,000. Botany, No. 12. Poison Ivy. By James B. McNair. 12 pages, 6 half-tones, 1 cover design. Edition 6,104. Zoology, No. 8. Mammals of the Chicago Area. By Colin C. San- born. 24 pages, 3 halftones, 19 zines. Edition 6,010. Zoology, Special Leaflet No. 1. Lion Spearing. By Carl E. Akeley. 7 pages, 3 photogravures. Edition 5,000. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS Anthropology, Guide, No. 6 to the Ethnology of Polynesia and Micronesia. By Ralph Linton. 1926. 192 pages, 1 map, 59 text-figures, 14 photogravures. Museum Manual. 92 pages. Edition 5,000. General Guide. 31 pages. Edition 2,586. bo OV JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. Descriptive Booklet for Membership Division. 8 pages. Edition 6,000. LIBRARY There have been no special changes in the work of the Library, but it compares favorably with the years immediately preceding. The activities of the year were necessarily confined largely to the routine work. All material has been accessioned as received. The individual issues of periodicals and serials received were five thousand four hundred and sixty. The number of cards typewritten and filed in the various catalogues was nine thousand one hundred ninety-five. From the John Crerar Library were received eight thousand five hundred and ninety-three author cards. There were returned from the bindery six hundred and sixty-eight books and pamphlets. The Union List of Serials of the Libraries of the United States, in course of publication, has issued eight sections, and the Library continues to supply its numbers to be incorporated as the parts are published. A list of all periodicals received in the Library was supplied by request to the Special Libraries Association of Chicago for a pro- posed union list of periodicals found in Chicago libraries. During the year five hundred and sixty-five students and schol- ars have made use of the general library, and members of the staff have consulted it three thousand four hundred and eighteen times. No record is made of the use of the departmental libraries. To cope with the growth of the catalogues two new sections were added to the card cabinets, and to create more shelf space a new book stack was supplied. The total number of books and pamphlets in the Library is approximately eighty-nine thousand five hundred and eighty- seven. The number of current accessions catalogued, classified, shelf-listed and added to the libraries was two thousand five hundred and ninety-one. These were received by gift, purchase and exchange. The books purchased were for the requirements of the staff for work in hand. The following titles indicate some of the more specialized interests of the various departments: Binyon, Asiatic art in British Museum, 1925. Budge, The mummy. Dalzel, The history of Dahomy, an inland kingdom of Africa. Harvard African studies, 7 volumes. Hobley, Bantu beliefs and magic with particular reference to the Kikuyu and Kamba tribes. 26 FIELD MusEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REpoRTS, VOL. VII. Hobson, The George Eumorfopulos collection catalogue of the Chinese, Corean and Persian pottery and porcelain. Meek, Northern tribes of Nigeria. Migeod, Through British Cameroons. Morgan, La préhistoire orientale. Morse, The chronicles of the East India Company trade to China, 1635-1834, 4 volumes. Obermaier, Fossil man in Spain, 1925. Rutter, British north Borneo; an account of its history, re- sources and native tribes. Seler, Fray Bernardino de Sahagub. Einige kapitel aus seinem geschichtswerk wortgetreu aus dem aztekischen iibertragen. Siren, Walls and gates of Pekin. Strange, Chinese lacquer, 1925. Tanner, Chinese jade, ancient and modern. Williamson, Social and political systems of central Poly- nesia, 3 volumes. Flore des serres, 23 volumes. Griffiths, Palms of British East India. Hooker, Handbook of New Zealand, 1867. Pickering, Chronological history of plants. Rodrigues, Sertum palmarum Brazil. Davidson, British fossil brachiopods, 6 volumes, 1851-1886. Goldschmidt, Atlas der krystallformen, v. 1-9. Hodkin, Glass technology. Jeffrey, The earth. Whitbeck, Economic geography of South America. Walcott, Mary, North American flowers, de luxe edition. Anderson, Zoology of Egypt. Hugues, Storia naturale delle scimi. Maydon, Semen, its heights and abysses; a gPonee os travel and sport in Abyssinia. Salt, A voyage to Abyssinia, 1814. Swayne, Trip to Somaliland. Ward, Record of big game, 8th edition. Friends of the Museum have been generous in their gifts to the Library, as in past years. In addition to the acknowledgments made at the time these gifts were received, and in the list of accessions accompanying this report, a further expression of appreci- ation is hereby made to all who have contributed to the collections. JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 27 The Library also acknowledges its indebtedness to the libraries from which books needed by the staff have been borrowed. Over a period of years Mr. Edward E. Ayer has been presenting to the Ornithological Library that bears his name all the valuable illustrated works pertaining to birds as they became available, and the Library is now in possession of practically all such books, many of them in their beautiful original bindings. Several years ago Mr. Ayer extended his gifts to cover the purchase of all ornithological works of scientific value, and the Catalogue just issued from the Museum’s press testifies to the success achieved in finding many rare out of print works. Mr. John Todd Zimmer of the zoological staff of the Museum, who compiled it, has produced under the modest title of a catalogue, a valuable addition to our knowledge of ornitho- logical literature. The bibliographical notes indicate marvelous patience in searching for the sources of material of the eleven hundred authors listed. During the year, more than a hundred titles were received too late to be incorporated in the catalogue. Mr. Ayer has indicated his approval of a further continuance of the search for rare desiderata that are lacking, in order to complete this invaluable library. Among rare items presented during the year are the following: Aldrovandi, Ornithologiae hoe est de avibus historiae libri XII. Cum septendecim linguarum copiossimo, 3 volumes, 1599-16038. Barrére, Ornithologiae specimen novum sive Sereis avium in Ruscinone, Pyrenaeis montibus, 1745. Bélanger, Voyage aux Indes-Orientales par le nord del’Europe, 7 volumes, [1834-1846]. Borkhausen, Deutsche fauna. v. 1. Sdugethiere und voégel, 1797. [Fortin], Les ruses innocentes dans lesquelles se voit comment on prend les oyseaux passagers, & les non passagers, 1660. Gunther, Sammlung von nestern und eyern verschiedener vogel aus den cabineten des Pl. Tit. Herrn Geheimen Hofrath Schmiedels, 1772, 1784. Handbuch der ornithologie, 1846. Koch, System der baierischen zoologie, v. 1, 1816, all pub- lished. Naumann, Naturgeschichte der land-und wasser-végel des nordlichen Deutschlands, 4 volumes, 8 sup. in 9 volumes, 1796-1817. : Ea TG FEE OL eee 28 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRrTS, Vou. VII. Naumann, Naturgeschichte der land-und wasser-végel des nordlichen Deutschlands, 4 volumes, 6 sup. in 4 volumes, 1797-1817. As far as is known, these two sets are the only complete ones in this country. Orbigny, Voyage dans |’ Wimeriete méridionale, 1835-1844. [Paulsen], Handbuch der ornithologie, 1846. Poeppig, Reise in Chile, Peru und auf dem Amazonstrome, 1835-1836. Poey, Repertorio fisico-natural de la isla de Cuba, 2 volumes, 1865-1868. Piso, Historiae rerum naturalium Brasiliae libri octo, 1648. Risso, Histoire naturelle des principales productions de Europe méridionale, 1826. Temminck, Manuel d’ornithologie, 1815. From the Captain Marshall Fieid Brazilian Expedition the Library has received one hundred and forty-four works of except- ional value to all the members of the expedition, as they will be immediately useful in identifying and classifying the material collected. Some of these publications have been desired by the Library for years, and could be obtained only by the personal efforts of members of the staff while in Brazil. Special acknowledgment is due to Mr. Karl P. Schmidt and Dr. B. E. Dahlgren for the efforts made to secure these publications. From contemporary societies and institutions have been received the usual number of publications by exchange. A number also have been received from various Russian societies whose activities were in abeyance for some years and which are now re-establishing exchange relations. In addition, a number of current issues were obtained through the Society of Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries. A number of new exchange arrangements, both domestic and foreign, have been effected during the year. DEPARTMENTAL CATALOGUING, INVENTORYING AND LABELING ANTHROPOLOGY.—The work of cataloguing in the Department of Anthropology has been continued as usual during the current year, the number of catalogue cards prepared totaling 1,928. These cards are distributed geographically for the accessions during the year as follows: North American archaeology and ethnology, 182; South OZIS [VINJVU YUSdJANOF-9U0 Jnogy ABIg ‘T UooT Aq AULOpIxey, ‘UosOULOUY, “ “We Aq’ Aq poyuoseay BOUPY Uloysreoyjnog AdOTHINVY VIVANI stim oR a Baa AT 938d ‘ITA “IOA SIRS eer sda us a AIOISIFT, [VANIE NT FO unosny, ploy ; oe, ee ae he en Sais ene. . eaters ar -_ JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 29 American and Mexican archaeology and ethnology, 4; Australia and Africa, 54; Melanesia, 4; Polynesia, 3; Prehistoric archaeology of Europe, 28; China, 65; Korea, 1; Tibet, 1; Japan, 1; Mesopotamia, 15; Ayer Pewter Collection, 33; total, 341. The following cards were prepared this year for accessions re- ceived previous to 1926; North American archaeology and ethnology, - 332; South American and Mexican archaeology and ethnology, 909; Africa, 250; Archaeology of Europe, 1; China, 92; Ayer Pewter Collection, 3; total, 1,587. The total number of cards prepared was 1,928. Of these cards 1,618 have been entered in the inventory books, with the addition of 1,502 cards for the Captain Marshall Field First Archaeological Expedition to Peru, 1925, making a total of 3,120 catalogue cards entered during the year in the inventory books of the Department which now number 46. The number of annual accessions amounts to 64, of which 41 have been entered. Seven accessions from previous years were also entered. The total number of catalogue cards entered from the open- ing of the first volume is 169,805. Several thousand labels for use in exhibition cases were prepared and installed during the year, the number of labels supplied by the printer amounting to 3,923. These labels are distributed as follows: Potawatomi Indians, 297; California Indians, 172; Maya, 4; South America, 1,744; China, 689; Malaysia (Arthur B. Jones Collection), 650; Philippines, 20; Formosa, 383; Archaeology of Kish, 125; Etrus- ean archaeology, 81; Edward E. Ayer Pewter Collection, 150; Wall labels, 8; total, 3,923. The Department was further supplied by the printer with 4,100 catalogue cards and 200 impressions from four location maps to be used in exhibition cases. In addition, 436 label cards were prepared and added to the label-file. To the departmental albums 1,495 photographs were added, and five new albums for photographs were opened—one each for the prints received from the expeditions to Peru, Madagascar, Kish, one for Japan and one for the roent- genograms. BoTany.—In the Department of Botany catalogue 9,140 entries were made during the year, bringing the total number of catalogued specimens in the department to 562,389. The entries added to the Department card index to collectors number 186, and to the index of geographic localities, 21. Descriptive labels were written during the 30 FIBLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistoRY—REPorRTS, VOL. VII. year for additions to the exhibits in the Hall of Plant Life, and for the palms, oils, starches, etc., in Hall 25. GEOLOGY.—Cataloguing of the Borden collection of invertebrate fossils has been continued as opportunity offered. This work has included identification of each specimen, no entry being made until it was known to be based on a satisfactory determination. The number of specimens added in this way to the catalogue during the © year was 3,052. The cataloguing of this collection to date has recorded most of the brachiopods, almost all of the blastoids and a large number of the corals and crinoids. Of invertebrate fossils and fossil plants received during the course of the year, 346 specimens were catalogued. Of these, 167 were collected by Assistant Curator Roy, 187 were obtained by exchange, 3 were purchased and 33 were gifts. A total of 8,445 specimens of fossil plants and invertebrates was thus catalogued during the year. The cataloguing of the verte- brate fossils collected by the Captain Marshall Field South American Expeditions in 1922-1923 was continued, about 1,000 specimens being entered. These included about 300 specimens of fossil cones and branches of Araucaria. In cataloguing these specimens, they were grouped according to locality and geological horizon. Of the collec- tions made by Associate Curator Riggs in South America 310 speci- mens were catalogued. All other accessions were catalogued as received, including 40 specimens for the Chalmers collection. The total number of specimens catalogued during the year was 5,186. To the Department photographic albums, 262 prints were added and, for the most part, labeled. The total number of these prints in the Department albums is thus increased to 5,233. Seventy topo- graphic maps of the United States Geological Survey were added to this series, making a total of 3,063 U. S. G. S. maps. So far as pos- sible, brief descriptive labels were made of the added maps and filed with them. : From the printer, 463 labels were received and distributed. Of these, 279 were for the amber and mineral collections, 71 for the gem collection, and 74 for exhibits in Stanley Field Hall. Ten labels were installed with the cement plant model in order to define the different units of the model. They were placed below the corresponding ob- jects In such a manner as to identify them without interfering with the view of the model as a whole. In order to harmonize with the case, they were printed in gilt on mahogany. The number of labels written was 312, and of these, five were descriptive, being explanatory JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 31 of the evolution of the horse, comparison of fossil and modern forms, the development of the Chicago Plain and the model of a brickyard. The remainder were chiefly for the agate and gem exhibits. ZOOLOGY.—Although 6,327 entries were made in the catalogue of the Department of Zoology, the number of specimens received at intervals through the various expeditions was so large that it was not possible, even if desirable in some of the orders, to catalogue alli of the material accessioned. The total number of regular entries was 6,327. They were divided as follows: Mammals, 1,588; Birds, 3,486; Reptiles and Amphibians, 783; Fishes, 351; Skeletons, 18; Insects, 101. Entries in the index card catalogue of mammals numbered 21. The specimens that were labeled were mainly those received from sources other than by Museum expeditions and members of the stafi. Of the 359 mammals labeled, three-fourths were species from China and Mongolia. Progress was made in cataloguing and labeling the various collections of foreign birds that were purchased during the last three years. Of the 3,392 exotic birds labeled, over 2,000 were old world species. In the division of osteology much time was devoted to the labeling of skulls and skeletons. Descriptive labels for three mammal groups and forty-eight labels for a case of North American rodents were written and installed. The state of the catalogues at the end of the year is as follows: Total of Number of Entries to Entries Total of Record Books Dec. 31, during cards 1926 1926 written Department of Anthropology. . 46 169,805 3,120 170,614 Department of Botany........ 63 562,389 O49 16,835 Department of Geology....... 26 177,482 5,186 6,872 Department of Zoology....... 46 124,604 6,327 49,283 LJLICSE SE a Seer 14 166,116 8,017 398,582 ACCESSIONS ANTHROPOLOGY.—The new accessions received during the year by the Department of Anthropology amount to 64. Of these 52 are by gift, 6 as the result of expeditions, 3 by exchange, and 3 by pur- chase. These accessions cover numerous parts of the globe and aggregate a total of 4,172 objects, many of which are of great value. _The various accessions are briefly reviewed in the geographical order of the countries from which the material was obtained. Commander Donald B. MacMillan presented the suit of an Hs- kimo girl from Greenland—a fur-lined jacket with collar and cutis 32 FieLD Museum oF NATURAL HISTORY—REPportTs, VOL. VII. of colored glass beads, a pair of seal-skin breeches trimmed with red leather and decorated with designs cut out of colored leather strips, and two pairs of seal-skin boots with leather-appliqué designs and embroidered ornaments. This material was obtained by him when he was leader of the Crocker Land Expedition. The collection received from the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition, made by Commander Donald B. MacMillan in large part, is from the Greenland Eskimo with a smaller collection from the - Labrador and Baffin Land Eskimo. The material from the Green- land Eskimo, chiefly of the northwest coast, contains many of the beautiful feather mats made by these people. A very large blanket of the type made for the royal family of Denmark, composed of vari- colored skins of many sea-birds is especially notable. Another out- standing acquisition 1s a completely outfitted Greenland kayak, about 16 feet long, equipped with bone-tipped paddle, harpoon, throwing-stick, killing lance, seal-skin float, and bone rack for har- poon line. The prow, keel and cockpit of the boat are likewise made of bone. In addition to the above, the collection contains carved wooden models of natives in full costume, bone and steatite carvings of animals, models of kayaks showing their construction, models of snow-huts, clothing, utensils of daily life, and hunting equipment. The above are all made by Eskimo craftsmen and many of them are | old and rare pieces. The Labrador Eskimo are represented by fur clothing, boots, basketry and utensils of daily life. Many of the Greenland and Labrador specimens are of interest, since they show the results of recent development of the people in their adoption of European ideas. The beautiful costumes of the Greenland Eskimo, with the intricately designed beadwork collars added to the native mode of dressing, are good examples of this modern tendency. Similarly, the skilful wood-carving of the Eskimo craftsmen shows a high degree of artistic merit and exactness in reproducing their models, both human and animal. The purchase of some fifty odd specimens characteristic of the Winnebago Indians from Mr. Oliver La Mere completes the Museum collections for this tribe. Mr. La Mere is a highly intelligent Winne- bago, who has himself written about his own people and has also rendered much useful assistance to ethnologists. The present col- lection, brought together by him during many years at Winnebago, Nebraska, is very complete and provided with good data. The most interesting feature is the war-bundle of the Thunder Clan with its varied contents. Wrapped in the old native matting are the objects JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 3B. _ that were believed to give success to the clan war-leaders. Such leaders formerly, by lonely fasting, had visions, and the bundle con- tents represent their dreams. An old-type wooden war-club, with an iron blade symbolizing the lightning, denotes the warlike nature of the bundle, while a catlinite pipe and its stand represent its peaceful or ceremonial use. A buffalo clan head-dress of buckskin, surmounted by buffalo horns and dyed crimson hair, was formerly donned by the leader just before making the final rush on the enemy. An old bow- drill for fire-making, a deer-hoof rattle, drumstick, and cane flutes were all used in ceremonies, while the various mammal, bird, and reptile skins and other ‘medicines’ denote the animals and plants seen in visions. This bundle was always carried on war expeditions, and once a year a feast was held in its honor. Scarcely less interesting are the beaded otter-skins, an old wooden feast bowl, and initiation sticks employed in the medicine-lodge ceremonies. Various articles of clothing, buckskin and yarn bags, wooden utensils and bone needles represent the daily life of the people. An interesting doll, carefully wrapped in squirrel-skin and red fiannel, which was em- ployed as a love fetish, completes the collection. A very rare woollen sash with designs in colors from the Iroquois, two woollen sashes from the Potawatomi of Kansas, a pair of beaded moccasins, and a roach of deer-hair worn by men distinguished in war, from the same tribe, were secured through exchange with Mr. M. G. Chandler. Mrs. Frank R. Upham of Marshfield, Wisconsin, presented an interesting wampum belt of the Iroquois, made of small sections of poreupine-quills which are arranged in five rows and strung on threads of native hemp with warp of buckskin thong. The quill sections are partially dyed black and so arranged that they form designs with the undyed sections. It is known that this belt, which had presumably served as a war-belt, was presented in 1805 to Maria Vedder by her grandmother who had owned it for forty years; it must have been made about the middle of the eighteenth century. A prehistoric Indian stone grave, consisting of eight slabs with the skeleton and paraphernalia like pottery jars and beads found in it, from the Etowah Mounds near Cartersville, Georgia, was purchased from its discoverer, Professor Warren K. Moorehead of Andover, Massachusetts. It is proposed to exhibit this grave at a later date in the Hall of North American Archaeology. A fine old red serape, decorated with geometric designs in black, from Mexico, is the gift of Mr. Homer E. Sargent. 34 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPorRTsS, VOL. VII. Two shrunken heads, a male and a female, from the Jivaro, Ecuador, were presented by President Field. A collection of 122 prehistoric implements like stone axes, celts, flints, pot-sherds, and animal bones from Argentina and Bolivia was brought back by the First Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Argen- tina and Bolivia. A total of 1,023 objects was received from Professor A. L. Kroeber as the result of the Captain Marshall Field Second Archaeological Expedition to Peru. The collection consists of 353 pieces of pottery, — 201 lots of pottery sherds as found in graves (many broken pieces will assemble into complete vessels), 16 clay objects like figurines, spindle-whorls, and panpipes, 4 metal pieces, 107 lots of skulls and skeletal remains, 153 textiles, 42 objects of wood, and many minor objects of stone, shell, and bone. The painted pottery is especially noteworthy, and will form the key collection for the classification of all Nazca pottery in other museums. A small ethnological col- lection consisting chiefly of clothing, spindles, slings, etc., was made by Professor Kroeber among the Indians of Huancayo, Province of Huancay, Peru. | An interesting collection from New Zealand of 189 prehistoric stone and bone implements like adzes, arrow-points, spear-points, drill-points, needles, fish-hooks, and flakes was obtained through exchange with the University Museum of Otago, New Zealand. Twenty-four mats of so-called New Zealand fiax were ordered for the floor of the Maori Council-house in Hall F, and were obtained through the good offices of Mr. J. McDonald, Director of the Dominion Museum, Wellington, New Zealand. A very instructive collection of fifty chipped stone implements from the extinct aborigines of Tasmania, Australia, was received in exchange with Mr. B. H. Whittle, a resident and collector of the island. On account of their primitive character, these implemenis, which were gathered on ancient camp sites, may be likened to the erudest productions of the earliest paleolithic stages. The Tas- manians did not haft their implements or weapons, and were ignorant of the hafted stone axe and the stone-tipped spear; they did not advance beyond the rudely chipped scraper and the primitive flaked knife. These are even devoid of symmetry, and are merely flakes of suitable material, usually chert or quartzite, and were simply held in the hand. en” The Arts Club of Chicago presented the Museum with five remarkable primitive wood carvings, the figure of a bearded old man JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 35 from the French Congo, West Africa, a female figure from Nigeria, a stringed musical instrument of graceful shape, surmounted by the well-carved figure of a bird, from the Sudan, and two figures from New Caledonia and New Zealand, respectively. The carved wooden figure of a nude woman from the Ivory Coast, West Africa, was presented by Mrs. John Alden Carpenter. The work of collecting by the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Madagascar has been highly successful, with a total of about 1,750 specimens obtained up to September. The collections include all the ordinary forms of tools and utensils, with many rare objects and good collections of the specialties of all the tribes visited. Dr. Linton, leader of the expedition, wrote in September, “Although I hope at least to double the number of specimens before my work is finished, the collection as it now stands is by far the best Madagascar collection in existence. Ifthe work should be terminated to-morrow, I should still feel that the expedition had been a success.”’ About six hundred objects form a very complete collection from the Hova, the most civilized tribe of the island. The outstanding features are the textiles, especially the silk mantles (ambas), the stone lamps (now obsolete), certain very rare wooden utensils no longer made, a complete collection of snuff-boxes showing all forms in ordinary use, a fairly complete set of charm beads, with full information on their use and significance, and a wooden idol which is probably one of the twelve original national gods (Sampy) of Imerina. The villages about the town of Ambositra proved to be by far the richest collecting field so far encountered. The natives, called Beisileo, are still quite primitive and carry on many of their old industries, while the fact that they have occupied the same houses for several generations has led to a gradual accumulation of old things in attics and storehouses. They lack the trading instincts of the Hova, and practically all the material was obtained by house-to-house canvassing. The main obstacles to collecting were their shyness and their strong ancestor worship, which made them unwilling to sell inherited property. These were eventually overcome, and a good collection was obtained. The wooden utensils and wood carvings are especially valuable, for these are no longer manufactured. The most striking pieces are an old carved bed, which is believed to be the only one known, and a very old carved clothes-chest, which is unique. The textiles are also fine, especially those made from wild silk and from hafotra bark. In the latter only old vegetable dyes have been employed, giving wonder- fully soft and beautiful colors. Some very fine old mats and baskets 36 FIELD MusEuUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REporTs, VOL. VII. were bought from Radaniel, the last of the Betsileo chiefs. A remarkable black jar, decorated with bold designs in applied strips of clay, and a cream-colored bowl, decorated with designs in red, represent the high points in their pottery making. Some jewelry was also obtained, including old silver beads of a peculiar type, massive silver neck-chains, and old coral and silver ear-rings. The material culture of the Sianaka on Lake Alaotra is much simpler than that of the Betsileo. Their artifacts are well made, but are limited to a few forms. They do some very clever carving of figures in the round. Weaving has been entirely abandoned, but they make the best mats in Madagascar. About 250 specimens were collected, the most important objects being a number of very fine mats, carved miniature paddles (formerly a badge of rank), a set of silver jewelry belonging to the family and worn only at weddings and funerals, and a fine collection of charms and sacred objects, including two sorcerer’s staves. Dr. Linton reports he was lucky enough to get also a few examples of the ancient weaving in raffia and one piece of wild silk fabric different from anything seen by him elsewhere. Three small shoe-shaped jars, used by witches and medicine-men for brewing potions, are of especial interest inasmuch as they are identical with a type of pottery found in the ruins of the southwestern United States. The Sianaka collection is practically complete. A good collection of raffia cloths made by the Betsimisaraka was obtained, together with one of the crude treadle looms on which they are now woven. This type of loom is a rather recent innovation, the idea having been taken from the Arabs. The older type of loom is iden- tical with the Hova one. Specimens of all the utensils in ordinary use were collected, also various musical instruments, a paddle, fish traps of two types, ete. From the Tsimahety, whose ancient culture is simple but is still almost intact, no weapons were obtained, for the natives feared that if such things were shown to the collector they would be seized by the government, but the collection is other- wise nearly complete. The most important native products are very strong, flexible baskets of raffia, and raffia cloths for lambas and skirts. The cloths are often mixed with cotton, either commercial or native, and are the finest seen so far. Lambas are usually in natural color, a light tan, with broad striped borders. They are traded as far as Tananarive and bring high prices. A black, graphite- coated pottery of good grade is made, and there are a few cleverly carved stavesorcanes. The mats of the Tsimahety are identical with those of the Sianaka, although usually somewhat coarser. They still make considerable use of charms, a fine collection of which was OPI Joos Hp “SuUOl Jooyx TT ‘Tepow Jo SUOISUSTUICG OIPIYOS WHIM FO WED = “[NVSer] efta[wA pure s[oydIN “M “H 4q peyonaysu0g Sfoul|[] “puelsy ong GaVvVAMOINa V AO THGOW JO TIVLAG A °3®[d ‘ILA [OA ‘s}10d0y ALOYsI] [eanzeN Fo winesny, ple] JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. a4 obtained, including some unique pieces. The most remarkable are the complete equipment of a native doctor, a warrior’s charm-neck- lace containing rare beads and silver cornucopias for charms, a large silver horn containing charms, a small figure into which sickness was drawn, and two charms for killing enemies. One of these, consisting of three charms wrapped up together and placed in a basket, is of the most dangerous type, and could not be kept in the owner’s house, as the natives believed it would cause his death. A man who thought its owner was operating against him showed Dr. Linton where it was hidden on condition that he carry it off, and this he did. Thus far, 1,066 objects have been received in the Museum from Madagascar. The Chinese section was enriched by a number of valuable gifts. A unique burial clay figure representing a rhinoceros, coming down from the Wei period (A.D. 386-534) was presented by Mrs. Chauncey B. Borland of Chicago. A Chinese tailor’s iron cast of brass, elegantly decorated with designs derived from archaic bronze work, is the gift of Mr. Edward E. Ayer; it dates in the Ming period (sixteenth century). A carved and lacquered imperial dragon screen from China was presented by the Arts Club of Chicago through Mrs. John Alden Carpenter, its president. The screen, measuring 10 feet 4 inches in height and 7 feet 9 inches in width, is carved from pine and coated with a reddish gold lacquer somewhat mellowed by age. It consists of seven panels, all decorated with high reliefs of dragons soaring in clouds between the sea and the sky. The central panel depicts the imperial dragon with flaming pearl, while the other six dragons as his vassals are looking up to him. The same motive is repeated in open-work carving on the cornice by which the screen is surmounted. The back is finished with scrolls of floral designs. This screen is said to have formed the background for the imperial throne. A brocaded imperial tapestry hanging and a chair-cover of imperial tapestry weave are the gifts of the American Friends of China, Chicago. These two fabrics were formerly the property of the late Dr. Paul Reinsch, U. S. Minister to China during the Wilson administration, who had received them from the Chinese Govern- ment in recognition of his distinguished service, and were disposed of by Mrs. Reinsch. The large hanging, measuring 7 feet by 41% feet, of imperial yellow silk, is adorned with a large dragon in the centre, surrounded by eight smaller dragons, all woven in gold thread and interspersed by clouds in blue, green, gray, and brown, while the background is formed by floral designs. The chair-cover is decorated with rows of cloud-dragons alternating with cloud patterns, and is 38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII. remarkable for the beauty and harmony of its color scheme. Both tapestries are authentic and high-grade examples of the Kien-lung period (1786-95). An old Chinese silk fan painted with a landscape and inscribed with a poem was presented by Mr. 8. H. Mori, Chicago. Mr. Linus Long of Chicago presented an ivory statuette of the Ming period (1868-1648), personifying the statesman and sage Tung-fang So. To the interest and generosity of Mrs. George T. Smith is due a remarkable collection of South Chinese beadwork consisting of 158 objects. These comprise money belts, pouches, spectacle-cases, baby caps, slippers, and various small pieces for dresses, all deco- rated with delicate, colored cut glass beads which are sewed onto a foundation of cloth or velvet, forming elaborate patterns of flowers, fruits, birds, animals, and human figures. It was not known hereto- fore that the Chinese had ever cultivated this art industry on so large a scale and with such great success. Mr. Edward E. Ayer, with discriminating taste, added thirty- four interesting objects to his collection of pewter, twenty-seven of which are Chinese. A dish exquisitely shaped into the form of six graceful lotus-petals and exhumed from a grave, dates in the Tang period (A.D. 618-906), and is one of the most artistic pieces of the collection; the corrosion resulting in numerous earth-incrusted pits of the surface is an index of its burial underground for considerable time. A tea-jar of the eighteenth century is decorated with a scene in negative standing out from a background of punched designs. Two very fine trays of the Ming period (13868-1648) are inlaid with elaborate decorations in brass. To the same period belongs a wine- pot shaped as a carp rising above the waves which are engraved along the base. A covered dish is fitted all over with coconut shell skilfully carved in concentric zones with eight symbols of good luck, four phoenixes, dragons, carp, and lotuses in baskets. Four pre- sentation tea-jars, Japanese workmanship of the eighteenth century, are decorated in gold, red, brown and green lacquer, the gold lacquer design spread over the covers and shoulders being suggestive of a gold brocade cloth tied with a tasseled red cord. Another jar of the same type is decorated all over with a composition of etched chry- santhemums. A hot-water pan of pewter made at Strasbourg in 1858 is a quaint survival of bygone days. A pewter medal or token issued by the Continental Congress in 1776 is presumably the only one of its kind. Its obverse shows the rising sun reflecting its rays upon a dial and accompanied by the device, ‘‘Mind your business. Con- tinental Currency 1776.” The reverse bears the legend, ‘““American JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 39 Congress. We are one,” and a chain consisting of thirteen links, each of which is inscribed with the name of one of the thirteen original States of the Union. One of the most important acquisitions of the year is a very com- prehensive collection of Chinese archaic jades. The Museum is indebted for this notable collection to the following contributors: Mrs. George T. Smith, Mrs. John J. Borland, Miss Kate 8. Bucking- ham, Mr. Martin Ryerson, Mr. Julius Rosenwald, Mr. Otto C. Doering, and Mr. Martin C. Schwab. Many of these jades were exhumed from graves in recent years and represent types heretofore unknown; others come from famous private collections of Chinese scholars and art-critics like Wu Ta-cheng, who was the most promi- nent collector and connoisseur of ancient jades, and Ku Hao-i, descendant of a distinguished family of Suchow. A very beautiful series of highly decorated ornaments of great artistic merit was discovered in 1923 together with an extraordinary set of archaic bronzes at Sin-cheng in Honan Province. These are of masterly workmanship and exquisite quality, and point to a particular school of lapidaries which must have flourished in the district toward the middle of the first millentum B.c. Nearly two-thirds of the 656 objects constituting the collection come down from the earliest periods, the Shang and Chou dynasties (1783-247 B.c.), and consist of numerous ceremonial implements like daggers, swords, knives, chisels, axes, spear-heads, disks, rings, and tablets used in religious rites, particularly in the worship of the cosmic deities, Heaven and Earth. Several hundred small carvings in the shape of dragons, serpents, tigers, oxen, hares, birds, alligators, fishes and insects, which were interred with the dead and attached as ornaments to the grave-clothes, are veritable gems and afford a rich mine of infor- mation on primitive art, mythology, and religion. This valuable collection was brought together in China by Mr. A. W. Bahr, a noted art expert who has been for many years in close contact with the foremost Chinese collectors. In Publication 162, Dr. Laufer devoted a discussion to the pottery formerly transmitted from China and Japan to the Philippine ’ Islands, and referred to the Namban pottery of Luzon and other Pacific islands, as described in Japanese sources. It was not exactly known what this Namban pottery was. Mr. B. Hara, Director of the Commercial Museum of Nagoya, Japan, a lover and collector of ancient pottery, had eagerly studied this monograph and, when he visited this country recently, brought along from Japan two bits of 40 Frevp MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. pottery definitely identified as Namban, which he presented to Field Museum as a mark of his appreciation. One of these, a small jug coated with a brown-black glaze, was obtained by him at Taiping, Formosa, and is believed to have been produced by some kiln in Kwang-tung or Fu-kien Province in southern China. The other piece, a slender jug with a brown iron glaze, was turned out in imitation of old Namban by Mizuno Juzan, a potter still living at Tokunabe near Nagoya, Japan. Mr. William E. Hague of Chicago presented a very interesting statue five feet high, representing Yama, the god of death of Tibetan Lamaism. Partly of wood and in part of papier-maché, it is preserved in its original colors and is a striking example of expressive and vivid sculpture. Two Lamaist paintings are the gift of Mr. and Mrs. Fred L. Mandel, Chicago. | The collections received this year as the result of the Field Museum-Oxford University Joint Expedition to Kish consist of 315 objects, including many pottery jars, plain, glazed, and painted; . many implements of stone, bone, shell, and bronze, and twenty- five skulls which were restored by Mr. Talbot Rice and Mr. L. H. Dudley Buxton, Lecturer in Physical Anthropology at the University of Oxford. The collections also include many finely wrought gold and carnelian beads, cylinder-seals of lapis lazuli, onyx, and carnelian, and fine clay statuettes of mythological figures and animals; among the last mentioned there is the bas-relief of a lion of very high artistic quality. A small collection of paleolithic flint implements numbering approximately a hundred from quarries near Abbeville and Amiens on the Somme Gravels, France, was presented by Mr. Henry Field. These were collected and acquired by Professor Abbé Breuil and Mr. Field during an examination and study of these terraces. There are some typical Chellean cowps-de-poing and a few excellent Levallois flakes in this lot. As these quarries are practically exhausted, collections from this area become increasingly valuable. Thirty-five chalcolithic flint implements found at Kish, Mesopo- tamia, and a collection numbering approximately a hundred quartz- ite implements of the Chellean age from the Taivilla-Tapatanilla site which lies between Algeciras and Cadiz in Southern Spain, are likewise gifts of Mr. Henry Field. These were collected by Professor Breuil, Miss Dorothy Garrod, and Mr. Field during an expedition into the mountains to examine some of the painted caves and rock- shelters. The hardness of the material makes the results appear JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 41 crude, but they nevertheless form an interesting atypical series. The finest specimen is a very large cowp-de-poing recorded by Professor Breuil and Dr. Obermaier to be the largest ever found in Spain, and this therefore makes it of unusual interest. BoTANy.—More than 12,500 specimens, distributed among 57 accessions, were added to the collections of the Department of Botany during 1926, or over 3,000 more than in 1925. Nearly 3,000 of these were received as gifts, 1,934 in exchange, 3,881 by purchase, while 3,725 were secured on Museum expeditions. Numerically the greater portion of these collections consists of herbarium specimens, economic material and additions to the exhibits numbering 253. The latter number does not include the collections of the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition of 1926, which have not yet been catalogued. The larger or more noteworthy gifts include a collection of 1,228 higher fungi, comprising the herbarium of Dr. W. S&S. Moffatt of Wheaton, Illinois, author of the useful book ““The Higher Fungi of the Chicago Region.” In many instances this mate- rial supplements most desirably the specimens given by Dr. Harper, with whom Dr. Moffatt worked. The Museum obtained, in connection with this splendid gift, a card index of the fungi of North America, completed to 1909, which is not only bibliographical but gives also a description and often a photograph of each species. Mr. H. C. Benke again contributed a large series of specimens (746) which greatly enriched the Illinois herbarium and included also a number of plants from other states. At present the Museum is indebted mainly to Mr. Benke for an active interest in the state flora and the attempt to represent it adequately in the herbarium. His work in this field and his generosity are greatly appreciated. He presented also 275 duplicates to be used for exchange and a number of excellent photographs of native plants. Mr. H. E. Wheeler, Curator in Charge, Alabama Museum of Natural History, University, Alabama, contributed 32 sheets of rare southern species. He also presented from time to time a number of plant portraits, many of them of unusual excellence and all a welcome addition to the photographic albums of the Department. A valuable collection of 50 specimens of Dutch-African plants was received from Dr. E. K. Sherff of the Chicago Normal College and the University of Chicago. Mr. D. C. Peattie of Rosslyn, Virginia, presented 50 speci- mens of plants collected from the sand dunes of Indiana. Judge 42 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. J. R. Churchill of Dorchester, Massachusetts, kindly contributed 150 sheets, of northern New England species which are examples of all that an herbarium specimen should be. A gift of 127 Texas and Arizona specimens from the collector, Mr. G. Eifrig of River Forest, Illinois, also deserves special mention. Further gifts during the year were 1 herbarium specimen, Mrs. R. Clarkson, Chicago; 4 herbarium specimens, Mr. C. Groneman, Elgin, Illinois; “‘silver leaves,’ Mr. J. A. Hynes, United States Appraisers’ Office, Chicago; 1 specimen Psoralea glandulosa, Dr. G. Montero, Museo Nacional de Chile, Santiago; some specimens of Ephedra, Mr. L. W. Nuttall, Philipsburgh, Pennsylvania; reproduction of a mushroom, Mr. L. L. Pray, Chicago; 1 herbarium specimen, Dr. J. N. Rose, Washington, D. C.; 2 herbarium specimens, Professor R. Thaxter, Cambridge, Massachusetts; 4 herbarium specimens, Dr. Perey Wilson, New York Botanical Garden, New York City. The cooperation of the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture has been of great importance in securing material for new exhibits of grains, and has resulted directly or indirectly in the following gifts: 28 varieties of corn grown by American Indian tribes, from O. H. Will & Company, Bismarck, North Dakota; 6 ears of Silver King corn from Mr. I. M. Holder, Laurens, lowa; 6 ears of Hickory King corn from Mr. L. S. Mayer, State Experiment Station, Knoxville, Tennessee; 6 ears of Neal’s Paymaster corn from W. H. Neal, Lebanon, Tennessee; 6 ears of Reid’s Yellow Dent corn from Mr. R. Redfern, Yarmouth, Iowa; 7 ears of Oreole corn and 7 ears of Calhoun Red Cob corn from the State Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; and 6 ears of White Kent corn from Mr. F. K. Crandall, State Agricultural Experiment Station, Kingston, Rhode Island. A collection of heads of 37 varieties of wheat grown in the United States and corresponding packets of the grain have been received from the Bureau of Plant Industry. From the Bureau of Agricul- tural Economics have been obtained 11 trays illustrating the official grain standards of the United States. This constitutes a valuable acquisition. This exhibit, which has required a great deal of pains- taking work to prepare, shows the criteria employed in grading grain (that is, the 5 classes and 17 subclasses, the factors of color and texture, the 7 damage types, the 10 types of foreign material) ; for oats, 10 types illustrating the color classification and grading factors. There are also included 9 classes of grain sorghums and the 3 classes and 7 grading factors for corn. Twenty heads and seed JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 43 samples of grain sorghum have been received from Mr. J. B. Sieg- linger, Woodward, Oklahoma. This represents a carefully selected exhibit of the most important grain sorghums. The United States Department of Agriculture sent 10 heads and seed samples of milo, thus completing and bringing up to date the exhibit of this grain with selected and well preserved material. Grain product gifts for the year include 50 samples representing steps in wheat milling and commercial flours and feeds from Red Star Milling Company, Wichita, Kansas; varieties of macaroni from Mr. M. J. Donna, Secretary, National Macaroni Manufacturing Associ- iaton, Braidwood, Illinois; and a comprehensive exhibit illustrating the products of various kinds of flour presented by the Sawyer Biscuit Company, Chicago. The Pillsbury Flour Mill Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota, donated a miniature model of a vertical section of their mill, which is the largest flour mill in the world. It is of interest in that it shows the processes by which the wheat grain is broken up in flour- making. Other accessions for the exhibit of plant food products (Hall 25) during the year include: olives and grapes from the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce; wheat starch from Stein, Hall Manufactur- ing Company, Chicago; corn sugar from Corn Products Refining Company, Argo, Illinois; white mustard oil from Glidden Food Products Company, Chicago; soya bean oil from Mitsui & Company, Limited, New York City; 18 varieties of grain and seeds from Mr. H. W. Byerly, General Immigration Agent, Northern Pacific Rail- road, St. Paul, Minnesota. Some important material has been acquired for the wood collec- tions. A section of a log of semi-fossilized oak which was found buried 80 feet below the surface, during borings in the river-bank of the Mississippi, has been given by the Illinois Power & Light Cor- poration, Chicago; specimens of “Rakuda’” wood (Hura crepitans) from Surinam were donated by Mr. R. G. Kann, Rakuda Wood Products Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12 panels of mahog- any were given by the Mahogany Association, Inc., New York City. These exceptionally fine pieces of wood are finished to display the grain and figure of various grades of mahogany. A specimen of “lace bark” was sent in by a member of the Museum, and a specimen of hybrid oak was given by Mr. G. E. Moore, Lebanon, Missouri. 44 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VII. Palm material has been increased by the following gifts: 11 species of palm fruits from Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, Acting Curator of Botany; 2 palm leaves from Garfield Park Conservatory, Chicago; 9 varieties of palm fruits and seeds from Professor S. J. Record, New Haven, Connecticut. The accessions accredited to expeditions are as follows: Dr. A. Weberbauer collected 546 specimens in southern Peru early in the year under the Captain Marshall Field Fund in con- tinuation of the Peruvian botanical exploration work commenced in 1922. Further details regarding this and other accessions are given under the heading “‘Expeditions.” | Dr. F. W. Pennell, Plant Curator, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, obtained 1,711 specimens under the Captain Marshall Field Fund, in Peru, Bolivia and Chile. Mrs. Agnes Chase, Associate Agrostologist, United States Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C., collected 1,173 specimens of grasses of Brazil. The Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition contributed a large quantity of material not yet accessioned. Mr. Weed, Assistant Curator of Fishes, secured 100 specimens of Greenland plants on the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition. It is possible to make special mention only of the larger or more important collections received in exchange during the year; for example, 500 rare or otherwise significant Newfoundland specimens from Frére Marie Victorin, University of Montreal, Canada; 500 very valuable sheets from the Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelle de Paris; 566 specimens, constituting an important addition to the represen- tation of European plants, from the National Museum of Wales, Cardiff; 167 interesting specimens of various regions from the United States National Museum; 200 Idaho plants, most desirably augment- ing the collection from that state, as yet very imperfectly rep- resented, from Dr. C. Epling, University of California, Southern Branch; 100 excellent examples of middle European fiora from the Hungarian National Museum, Budapest; 100 desirable speci- mens from the Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford University, England. As usual the yearly purchases were of collections either signifi- cant because of the rarity of the plants, or their inadequate represen- tation in the herbarium. Particular mention may be made Of 600 sheets collected by Mr. José Steinbach in Bolivia, continuing his work in that country; 200 sheets from Dr. Oscar Burchard, Tenerife, eZzIS [eInjeu Y}XIS-9UCO AUMOLSIA TVHNLIVN FO WOHSOW ATH JO NOISNALXY IOOHOS CITE Nd SIYVUVH MN HHL AM ODVOIHO HO STOOHOS FHL OL GHANVO'T HSVO TO Ad AL ‘L928 ON “L9°-G ON SES Shes Coa vae esters ae! Sees oe arian ¥ . Fans ane | tr ‘. r ay be “Eaaaoy snenopemeouy /o Posy BT-qup pes sade Ser “OF eed oq) ©) pore. a eBeqqeD AERTS oLL re Rape q 4 oa iy © os eat 5 ‘6 ’ , p (i sugars oq) fq uMoys fe ‘sposy s8q;e pus WIPE wun ‘ ‘ Tri 5 a0: a sg e ors ate 397 AT] SHED ON 87 pore & aFEATED HUNAT OL . s * 5 ~ihe woud 2 yes yoeesee bosom y pay eng, SPagoqued g a 2 > ¢ : Bas» ° S » ; P : poyendas xyes semypuy (quays Useg GARY oy prED of aBEiO; . ?Z ad ig Me” e “S ee eater | po yes yueseeyd © eoywu 3) pores ema, «“wluggeqeed 2G SOA8S] Ogi Uy GOH] PLZ? we PUR ‘JepS Sq po oside my § A t ‘4 2, ey aa 7 * Pereedas s914g0 sumpoy Aq Usj~9 Useq BAY O1 pres oj aBEyD, uplew pounce} ooo wey ePeeApy - : * S' ee Sep SRAEa] 0G) UT 2290{ PLDT UW PUT ‘Lope sy1 po syde Uy “sqjous o) ~ a Lo RR SY FRY 19 SST TS EP SY a WO ‘govaava wns | | Whites ay DE Garnnes Vitec) S | 8 "IOVEGVI NAS Lae YP SE PLP OP ES AA “WAN TA 938[d ‘ILA ‘IOA ‘S}10dey Ar01S1H{ [eInNjyeN FO wnesnyl POT JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 45 Canary Islands, this also a continuation of former sets; 1,460 speci- mens of Borneo plants from Mr. A. D. E. Elmer of Manila; 720 Oregon species from Dr. M. E. Peck, Salem; 325 specimens from Uruguay, sent by Dr. Guilelmus Herter, Montevideo; 153 items from Mr. W. E. Broadway, Trinidad, of which 53 were fruits. The Mu- seum purchased 50 lichens from Mr. G. K. Merrill, Rockland, Maine, constituting a further series of his regular distribution of specimens in this group. GEOLOGY.—Through the continued generosity of Mr. W. J. Chalmers, 55 valuable specimens of crystallized minerals were added to the mineral collection. These included a specimen of native lead weighing 7 pounds, one of the largest known; a diamond in matrix from the early finds in South Africa and formerly in the collection of John Ruskin; a polished geode, 12 inches in diameter, of agate and amethyst, and, in addition, numerous specimens of rare or recently described minerals. Other gifts worthy of special mention were 3 specimens of chrysoprase, one polished, from California, presented by Mr. William B. Pitts; specimens of tungsten ores from California sent by Mr. Cooper Shapley, and from California and Missouri from Mr. George F. O’Brien, and 30 specimens of minerals and ores of Chile from the Sociedad Nacional de Minerales, Santiago. Senor E. Terra Arocena gave 11 specimens of quartz and geodes containing water from Uruguay. A slab, two feet square, showing fossil tracks, probably of molluscan origin, from the Ithaca sandstone of Gilboa, New York, was presented by Mr. Hugh Nawn. By exchange, there were obtained from Mr. C. Wendler a com- plete individual of the Bur-Gheluai, Africa, meteorite, weighing 1,563 grams. ‘There were also secured by exchange from Mr. Percy Train, fifteen specimens of fossil cephalopods and one pelecypod from the Middle Triassic of Nevada. From Mr. Alfred Muller, 108 specimens, mostly of Triassic invertebrates from Germany, were acquired by exchange, affording a carefully labeled and representa- tive collection of the characteristic fossils of that period as they ap- pear in Europe. Besides furnishing species not heretofore repre- sented in the Museum collections, this series will be useful for com- paring with American forms which may be identical. A fin-spine of the fossil shark, Oracanthus, received by exchange with Mr. O. B. Jacobs, is one of very few such specimens ever found and will probably serve to establish a new species of this rare genus. The most important specimen acquired by purchase was that of an iron meteorite weighing 1,508 pounds, found near Navajo, Ari- 46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpPoRTS, VOL. VII. zona. This was found about a hundred feet distant from the 3,300 pound mass obtained by the Museum in 1924 and presents character- istics which indicate that it belonged to the same fall. These two masses constitute the entire amount of the fall so far known, and its large total amount (4,800 lbs.) makes it a notable acquisition. Another specimen purchased for the meteoric collection was one weighing 614 pounds, of the Queen’s Mercy, Africa, fall, which took place April 30, 1925. From expeditions some material has been received, although much that was collected during the year has not yet arrived. From the Third Asiatic Expedition, carried on in cooperation with the American Museum of Natural History, there was received a valuable collection of dinosaur eggs and fossil dinosaur and mammal skulls. Of these, six dinosaur eggs were in series in a matrix and one was of a larger species. There were also received from this Expedition a skull and a partial skeleton in matrix of the dinosaur Protoceratops. These remains were found in the vicinity of the dinosaur eggs. A fine skull and jaws of the large Asiatic titanothere, Dolichorhinus, were also received from this Expedition. This species was much larger than the related American forms and certain features indicate that the Asiatic species was intermediate in character between those of the American Eocene and the more advanced ones of Oligocene age. | From the collections made by Assistant Curator Roy in eastern New York, 461 specimens were received. Of these 41 were inverte- brate fossils of the Cambrian period, 321 were graptolites and other fossil invertebrates of Ordovician age, and 57 were fossil plants and remains of trees of Devonian origin. Among the latter were natural casts of two stumps of trunks 14 and 18 inches in diameter and many impressions of branches and rootlets of these and other trees. From the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition, 106 specimens of gold, aluminum and manganese ores and specimens illustrating tropical weathering, all collected by Associate Curator Nichols, were received and, in addition, 186 specimens of agate, amethyst, the so-called water geodes, and varieties of granite from Uruguay. From the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition 579 speci- mens of Labrador and Greenland rocks were received. These in- cluded about 20 large specimens illustrating geological phenomena. ZOOLOGY.—The zoological acquisitions were both valuable and quite numerous, the number of specimens accessioned being 14,697. JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. AT This number includes 2,542 mammals, 3,824 birds, 1,846 reptiles and amphibians, 3,475 fishes, 18 skeletons, 2,228 insects and 764 other invertebrates. Nearly three-fourths, that is about 10,517, of the specimens were obtained by various expeditions. Large collections prepared and shipped by expeditions still operating in Africa and South America have yet to be received. Of the 59 mammals received by gift, the most noteworthy were the following: 6 Caribou and 2 Canadian Woodchuck collected in the Yukon Territory, presented by Dr. W. J. Deason of Chicago; a Binturong from Sumatra, donated by Mr. Herbert Bradley; Mr. D. D. Stone presented 23 small rodents secured near Casa Grande, Arizona; and Mr. Theodore Roosevelt kindly presented a Blackbuck obtained in India. With the exception of three specimens, the fifty- six mammals obtained by purchase were from the West Indies, South America and Africa. From the various expeditions 2,427 mammals were obtained. The James Simpson-Roosevelt Asiatic Expedition secured 225 specimens, many of which were new to the collection. The larger species were as follows: Siberian Roe Deer, 4; Swamp Deer, 5; Axis Deer, 3; Hog Deer, 3; Sambar Deer, 1; Indian Blackbuck, 4; Thian Shan Wapiti, 4; Kashmir Stag, 4; Tibetan Antelope, 2; Goitered Gazelle, 2; Indian Gazelle, 3; Thian Shan Ibex, 18; Marco Polo Sheep, 8; Thian Shan Sheep, 3; Burrhel or Blue Sheep, 3; Nilghai or Indian Blue Buil, 4; Wild Boar, 1; Indian Boar, 2; Indian Rhinoceros, 2; Bengal Tiger, 4; Leopard, 1; Asiatic Brown Bear, 2; and a Himalayan Brown Bear. A large collection, consisting mainly of 1,270 mammals, represents the work during 1925 of the Captain Marshall Field Expedition in Central Africa, particularly in the eastern Congo and western Uganda. The most noteworthy specimens in this shipment were a skin and skeleton of one of the gorillas that are now protected by the Belgian Govern- ment, and a skin and skeleton of that strange and rare animal, the Okapi, which resembles a large antelope but is more nearly related to the camel. .As part of its share of the specimens obtained by the Third Asiatic Expedition, in which this Institution co-operated with the American Museum of Natural History, the Museum received 394 mammals. The 62 hoofed animals in this acquisition were especially desirable in that a number of them will serve admir- ably in enlarging the Museum’s exhibit of mammals from China and Mongolia. The large animals represented are: Serow, 1; Goral, 9; Wild Ass, 7; Sheep, 4; Ibex, 4; Muntjac, 5; Roe, 10; Long-tailed Antelope, 10; and Short-tailed Antelope, 12. In the one shipment 48 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII. of specimens so far received from the Conover-Everard African Expedition were 82 mammals obtained in Tanganyika Territory. Among the desirable species contained in this collection are two speci- mens and an embryo of Abbott’s Duiker, a diminutive antelope twenty-eight inches in height that is new to the collection. By means of the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition 362 mammals were received. This acquisition includes a good series of small rodents from the state of Rio de Janeiro and from Missiones; two species of the rare Mouse Opossums; a number of topotypes of Darwin’s Uruguayan mammals; a Capybara, Marsh Deer and a fine Jaguar, collected by Mrs. Marshall Field; and an adult and a half grown Giant Anteater which will form a basis for a group of these odd animals. In Labrador and Greenland, the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition obtained 52 mammals, among which were a number of small rodents, a Blue Fox and the skin and skeleton of a Walrus. On the coast of Washington, another Captain Marshall Field Expedition secured 5 Hair Seals and 11 Sea Lions, and in the Kaibab National Forest 7 specimens and accessories were obtained for a group of Mule Deer. In the division of birds 8 specimens were received by exchange, 152 by gift, 1,941 by purchase, and 1,723 were obtained by expedi- tions. The most noteworthy species acquired by gift were: 4 Ducks from Illinois and Louisiana, from Mr. James M. MacKay; 14 Amer- ican birds, from an anonymous donor; 2 Gray Partridges and 6 Red Grouse from England, which were collected and presented by Mr. W. J. Clegg; and a welcome donation of 83 birds of Labrador and Greenland from Mr. Rowe B. Metcalf. A crayon portrait of: the noted ornithologist, Robert Ridgway, was an appropriate gift from the Ridgway Ornithological Club, Highland Park, Illinois. The acquisitions by purchase were exceptionally large and important. A collection of 1,482 birds from Argentina, a country from which the Museum formerly had only a limited number of species, was espe- cially valuable, as was the purchase of 326 birds from Maranh&o and Goyas, Brazil. Another purchase of 88 birds from Europe and Asia Minor was made in order to fill certain gaps in the collection. The ornithological results of the James Simpson-Roosevelt Asiatic Expedition were most gratifying, inasmuch as many rare specimens and numerous species new to the collection were among the 552 birds obtained in the little known countries of Kashmir and Tur- kestan. The 528 birds obtained in a surprisingly short time by the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to southern Brazil likewise con- JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 49 tained a number of extremely rare and desirable species. A continuation of the work of part of the same expedition resulted in the acquisition of 120 birds from Missiones, Argentina. In a ship- ment of specimens received from the Conover-Everard African Ex- pedition, the Museum obtained 322 birds from Tanganyika Terri- tory. In Labrador and Greenland, the Rawson-MacMillan Sub- arctic Expedition secured 158 specimens of birds. A number of these birds were preserved in such a manner that they can readily be utilized for the exhibit of North American birds that is now being reinstalled. ; A most noteworthy deposit in the Museum, of which brief men- tion was made in the Report of the Director for 1925, was the Judge R. Magoon Barnes collection of birds’ eggs. This collection was begun in 1883 as a continuation of a small boy’s accumulation. Since that time, as a result of more than forty years’ active and diligent effort, it has grown to be the largest and most important private collection of eggs of North American birds in existence. Containing, as it does, 38,731 specimens, something over 400 com- pleted series, and nearly 500 other partial series, it represents an expenditure of more than $10,000 in money and a vast amount of time and effort. Many of the series are very full and complete, showing every variation of the eggs of the species. There are many full series of eggs of birds now wholly unobtainable, such as the Passenger Pigeon, Whooping Crane, and Trumpeter Swan—species either extinct or so nearly so as to make the securing of their eggs in series impossible. Other series contain freak eggs, in size and shape, runs, etc. This work of a lifetime is the result of personal collecting‘in many places, exchange with the leading zoologists, and purchases of from a few at a time to whole collections. It includes some of the best known and finest collections ever assembled, such as those of George Noble of Atlanta, Georgia; Philo W. Smith, Jr., of St. Louis, Missouri; W. Lee Chambers of Eagle Rock, California; J. W. Preston of Iowa; Henry W. Beers of Bridge- port, Connecticut; Richard B. Christ of Nazareth, Pennsylvania; P. B. Peabody of Blue Rapids, Kentucky, and others. The collect- ion is now placed where it will be accessible to all scientists, and is under the immediate supervision of Mr. Barnes, who will continue his active interest and will add to it from time to time as oppor- tunity offers. ‘Natural History,” a publication of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, says that by acquiring this very notable collection, the Field Museum advances to the first rank in this particular field. 50 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. Except one lot of 38 specimens, all of the 256 reptiles and am- phibians received by gift were examples of species of the United — States. The largest acquisitions made in this manner are as follows: 79 specimens from Florida, donated by Dr. T. Van Hyning, Director of the Florida State Museum in Gainesville, Florida; 63 Wisconsin specimens from Mr. F. J. W. Schmidt; 19 from Louisiana from Mr. L. S. Frierson, Jr.; 15 from Indiana, collected and presented by Mr. O. Parks; a donation of 11 California specimens from Mr. A. G. Wells; and 38 from China, donated by Professor C. Ping in the — University of Amoy. To render the Museum’s series of North American reptiles and amphibians more complete, 233 specimens from Arkansas and Florida were purchased. By purchase, there was also acquired for the exhibit of snakes, a remarkably life-like re- production of the Redbanded Garter Snake. By means of the several expeditions 1,348 reptiles and amphibians were obtained. Of this number 992 were collected by the Museum’s expedition in Central Africa. A collection rich in species and comprising 282 specimens, among which is a series of the Paraguayan Crocodile, was made by the Captain Marshall Field Expedition in southern Brazil; and 70 desirable specimens were brought back from India and Eastern Turkestan by the James Simpson-Roosevelt Expedition. The accessions in the division of fishes were eight in number and totaled 3,475 specimens, of which 22 were received by gift, 393 by exchange, and 3,060 by expeditions. The specimens acquired by gift were 3 game fish, namely, an Amberjack, a King Mackerel and a Barracuda, from Mr. A. T. Millet; and a fine series of aquarium fishes bred and donated by Mr. William W. Foust in Barnegat, New Jersey. By an exchange for about 100 duplicate mounted fishes, the Museum received 393 authoratively named specimens from southern South America. This acquisition will facilitate the naming of those specimens obtained by the Museum’s expedition in southern Brazil. Among the 2,187 fishes collected by the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition were a number of desirable species. The most noteworthy specimens are a series of the South American Lungfish, which has long been a desideratum for the division; a wide variety of the intensely interesting armored and climbing catfishes; and a series of one of the fresh water rays of the Parana-Paraguay basin. The number of specimens received from the Rawson-MacMillan Subaretic Expedition totaled 642 specimens. These include a series of trout from Labrador and Greenland, a series of Sticklebacks from the lakes, streams and tidepools, and a number of fish skeletons from JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 51 the same countries. From the various expeditions to Africa, 32 specimens were received; and through the Third Asiatic Expedition, in which this Institution co-operated with the American Museum of Natural History, 249 specimens were added to the collection of fishes. Among the 986 miscellaneous insects accessioned as gifts, the most noteworthy are the following: 281 specimens of various orders from Illinois and New York, presented by Assistant Curator Weed; 141 specimens from Ceylon and Venezuela donated by Dr. Frank J. Psota; 95 butterflies and moths from Norway, a gift from Dr. Sven Narbo; 154 insects, mainly butterflies, with complete data and in . perfect condition, obtained from Bavaria, Tyrol and Switzerland, and presented by Dr. and Mrs.C.E.Hellmayr. Dr. L. H.Weld very generously donated a most valuable collection of 221 galls and gall insects, of which 208 are paratypes. By two exchanges for determinations, 4 moths and 54 beetles were added to the collection. Miscellaneous insects numbering 1,184 specimens were received through Museum expeditions as follows: Africa, 4; India and Kashgar, Chinese Turkestan, 68; Maine, Nova Scotia, Labrador and Greenland, 260; Brazil and Uruguay, 846; Illinois and Indiana, ie By means of the Museum expeditions 750 invertebrates, other than insects, were obtained from India, Africa, South America and northeastern North America, including Greenland; in addition 7 specimens were received as gifts from four donors. HXPEDITIONS ANTHROPOLOGY.—Three expeditions were maintained this year in the interest of the Department of Anthropology. The Second Captain Marshall Field Archaeological Expedition to Peru, like the first, was placed in charge of Dr. A. L. Kroeber, Professor of Anthropology in the University of California and Research Associate in American Archaeology of Field Museum. This time Dr. Kroeber was accompanied by Mr. W. E. Schenck as associate. In the same manner as last year, Professor Kroeber was supported in his work by the sympathetic cooperation of the Peru- vian Government and the active assistance of Dr. J. C. Tello, Direc- tor of the Peruvian Museum of Archaeology. The time actually devoted to the work was from May 24 to December 24, including transit to and from California. Lima was reached on June 22. Several weeks were spent in preparation and securing government 52 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. permits. The party left for Nazca on July 20 with a Ford and truck, accompanied by three of the old workmen. The distance is 530 kilometers, which, on account of the nature of the road, is much more than that in miles. Dr. Tello’s diggings at Paracas, where he recently discovered a new culture related to that of Nazca, were visited. Then the party crossed inland over the sand desert to Ica and Huayuri, and in the latter valley worked two days at an ancient town of mining-camp type. A stratification trench was cut through a refuse pile two and a half meters deep, an unusual depth in Peru. The remains proved to be uniformly “Late Ica,’’ showing the camp to have been founded and abandoned shortly before the arrival of the Ineas on the coast. The main undertaking of the expedition was a thorough archaeological survey of Nazca Valley, an area on the southern coast of Peru. The work here, including the journey, occupied the period from July 20 to October 15. A camp was established in a desert canyon, out of reach of malarial mosquitos, and about three miles from town. Excavations began July 31 at Ocongalla, in the open pampa or desert above the cultivated lands of the valley. The material proved to be very ancient, the bones being more decayed than any previously excavated in Peru, and cloth preserved only in traces. The expedition discovered, excavated, and carefully observed altogether one hundred and twenty graves which, plus material otherwise obtained, yielded an aggregate of a thousand objects. These objects proved to belong to seven dis- tinguishable styles of pottery art. The textiles, structures, and other objects accompanying the pottery classify correspondingly. These seven styles are no local variants, but in the main represent successive periods of Nazca culture. All of them are prehistoric, and in fact, the last of the seven is that of the Incas, whom the Spaniards found in control when they discovered the country. The order of succession of the seven periods gradually became clear from indirect evidence, which is too intricate to review here, but which leaves no reasonable doubt. While a great many specimens of the fine Nazca pottery and textiles have been collected in Peru, and some of these have found their way into museums in different parts of the world, the objects of these separate styles or periods have never been distinguished, with the result that these collections could not be interpreted. The observations made by the expedition in the field made possible a definitive classification which will apply not only to the collection formed by Field Museum, but to all others. In other words, so far as the Nazca culture—one of the most important cultures of prehistoric Peru—is concerned, the Field Museum - ie es Paes fake 926 “NaAsq 0} UOT{IpedxGY [volsojosvyory puodsesg pleLy [[eysaep, ureydeg reqooly “T “V Aq ‘nieg “eozeN 4B poyeavoxg SUALSNOW TVOIDOTOHLAW HLIM GCHLVYOOUd UVE AYALLOd NIML TYASONN ILA °22%[d ‘ITA “OA ‘8}40d0 xy ALOISIF [RANGVN FO Wnesnyp, PloLyT JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 535 collection will be the standard or key collection for all others. The work of the expedition was greatly stimulated and materially helped in many ways by the presence on the spot for a month of Dr. J. C. Tello as representative of the Peruvian Government, who joined his labors to the work of the expedition with the cooperative spirit of a true scientist. Owing to scrupulous insistence on sleeping in the open desert and on boiling water, there was not a day’s sick- ness among a force ranging from six to sixteen persons, although malaria was rampant in the district and dysentery prevalent. The last part of October was utilized in packing and shipping the Nazca collection. The month of November was devoted to a survey of the coast of northern Peru, from Trujillo northward. Assoonas the valley of Trujillo was left behind, the country was found to be virgin soil. There has been plenty of looting by pottery hunters and collec- tors, but scientific record is practically absent. Cities and clusters of _ pyramids and other religious structures were found in abundance. This recognizance should serve as a basis for future work in this area, which will undoubtedly be highly productive. A collection of about two hundred and forty specimens was obtained incidental to this northern trip. This is now in Lima awaiting government inspection and shipment. Through patient and painstaking research Dr. Kroe- ber has succeeded in clearly establishing the chronological sequence of the ancient cultures of Peru in times prior to the Inca. It is now possible to outline a history of Peru for a thousand years and more before the discovery of America, and results like these make the two “Museum expeditions to Peru stand out as distinct contributions to the advancement of science. Excellent progress may be reported from the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Madagascar under the leadership of Dr. Ralph Linton, Assistant Curator of Oceanic and Malayan ethnology. Dr. Linton sailed on December 16, 1925, from Marseilles to Madagascar and arrived at Tamatave January 17, 1926. He went to Tananarive, capital of the island, two days later by the first train. Remaining there until April 7 through the worst of the rainy season, he proceeded south by fnotor bus to Antsirabe in the heart of the Bet- sileo country. He left Antsirabe April 12, going farther south to Ambositra, where he remained until April 24. This region offered good opportunities for collecting, but he was forced to leave it in order to visit the north of the island during the comparatively short dry season, while work at Ambositra and farther south can be done even during the rains. Returning from Ambositra to Antsirabe, 54. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. he remained there until April 30 in order to benefit from the great weekly fair. From Antsirabe he returned to Tananarive, remain- ing there until May 18. On that date he went by train to Andreba, at the lower end of Lake Alaotra, and the next day by riksha to Imerimandroso at the northern end of the lake. This place he chose as his headauarters, making short trips until June 10, when he returned to Andreba. He then traveled by train to Ambaton- drazaka on the northeast coast, where an annual fair was being held. On June 18 he returned to Tamatave, and waited until July 10 for the east coast steamer “Jmerina,’’ which was one month and five days behind the scheduled date for its departure. Leaving Tama- tave on July 10, he arrived at Maroantsetra in the Antongil Bay two days later, remaining there until July 21. During this time he completed his Betsimisaraka collections, which had been begun at Tamatave, and engaged bearers for the overland trip west. On July 26 he arrived at Mandritsara in the interior, having finished the first half of his journey across the island. The culture of the Tsimahety, the tribe about this locality, proved to be nearly the same as that of the Sianaka, among whom he had worked at Lake Alaotra, and therefore he curtailed his stay there, leaving on August 5. He arrived at Antsohihy, on the west coast on August 9. From there he took a cattle steamer to Majunga on August 13, arriving at the latter place two days later. In September he left Majunga for Maravoay up the Betsiboka River and Kandreo, wending his way into the wild Sakalava country. Later he plans to strike south, doing the southeast coast and reaching the west coast overland. : Of the numerous tribes inhabiting the island, the Hova in and about the capital, the Betsileo in the central south, the Sianaka on Lake Alaotra, the Betsimisaraka on the east coast, the Tsimahety and Coast Sakalava of the north were thoroughly studied. Some very valuable information was obtained from old men in the various villages of the Tsimahety in regard to their tribal origin, that dealing with the Vazimba or first inhabitants being the most important. According to them, the Vazimba were the direct ancestors of most of their tribe. They lived in caves or dugouts in the clay hills, cultivated rice and fought with the blow-gun and axe. This would indicate that their culture was of Malayan rather than African origin. Later people from across the western water, that is Africa, intruded and conquered them, introducing the bow and arrow and probably eattle. An excellent description of the old bow and arrow was | JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. i obtained; this is of considerable importance as the use of the bow as a weapon in Madagascar has frequently been questioned. A good deal of information was also gathered on ancient burial customs, social organization, as well as religious beliefs and practices. The natives denied true ancestor worship, which, if true, would differentiate them from the other Malagasy. A great deal of valuable information dealing with the religion of the Sianaka on Lake Alaotra, especially with reference to practices of wizards, was obtained. Uniortunately, Dr. Linton’s best informant was suspected of poisoning him when he was laid up with a sharp attack of fever, and the poor wretch was killed by the other natives, as they were afraid of trouble with the _ French Government. Notes were also made on marriage and burial rites, aS well as on industrial processes. It was discovered that the designs used in mat-making were all named, and in some cases seemed to be used with magical intent. This has not previously been reported for Madagascar, nor are indications of it found elsewhere. At Majunga, which is quite a large civilized town, with an influx of Arab, Hindu, and European population and a native village in easy reach, Dr. Linton has been highly successful in collecting. A severe epidemic of plague had paralyzed all business, and many of the natives were badly in need of money. Under these circumstances he obtained many things which otherwise are not sold. He secured jewelry and six raffia prayer rugs made by Mohammedanized Sakalava for their own use, which at ordinary times they will not sell to Christians, and which most of the whites there have never even seen. Dr. Linton estimates that this jewelry is perhaps the most remarkable collection obtained on the expedition. The Saka- lava are a rich tribe, and until the beginning of the war it was their practice to have gold and silver money that came into their hands wrought into massive jewelry. Since the drop in the value of the franc the Hindus have been buying this up for the sake of the metal, and in another couple of years it will be nearly all gone. Because of the plague, the natives sold many pieces that were treasured heir- looms. Among other things he secured two necklaces of big gold beads, two solid gold ear-plugs of exquisite filigree work, six ear-plugs of gold and silver, quantities of silver ear-plugs of all sorts, many beautifully worked, a silver head-band, and a large number of neck- laces, chains, bracelets and anklets, showing all the styles in use. The natives also make very artistic painted pottery, a good collec- tion of which was obtained. An account of the Madagascar collec- tions so far as they have been received in the Museum is given under the heading ‘‘Accessions.”’ Dr. Linton reports that the new informa- 56 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpoRTS, VOL. VII. tion gathered by him points to some rather startling conclusions, and evidence is piling up that the Malay element was the first to occupy the island, although it has been universally believed that the abori- gines were Negroes. The Field Museum-Oxford University Joint Expedition has now been in its fourth consecutive year at the vast ruins of ancient Kish, first capital of the earliest known civilization of Western Asia. After completing the great palace of the plano-convex bricks in 1925, the more serious task of excavating the enormous group of mounds in central Kish was commenced. ‘T'wo stage towers of the early Sumer- ian period and at least three temples lie beneath the great range of hills now known to the Arabs as Ingharra, and under the name Harsagkalama to the ancient Babylonians. Operations at the larger of these towers or ziggurats were started with a force of a hundred and fifty men early in the season. ‘The temples lie west and north of this tower. One of them was partially refaced in the age of Sargon (2750 B.C.) with better brickwork than the virginal, sun-dried brick of the Sumerian structure. Nothing seems to have been done to preserve this vast pile of solid brickwork, whose proportions have been found to be larger than any other similar structure in Baby- lonia excepting the ““Tower of Babylon.” Its enormous dimensions ean only be estimated, but the length of the lower buttressed wall must approach 280 feet. Interesting burials were found near this wall; from one of them were recovered a fine stone mortar and pestle, a stone bowl containing perfectly preserved skeletons of two small fishes, and other objects. In the debris near the wall was found an elegant, tall censer stand made of baked clay, 27 inches high, deco- orated with incised triangles. It has been restored from innumerable fragments by Mr. Ernest Mackay. Another building which was brought to light this year is a temple of Nebuchadnezzar, with walls standing 18 feet high. It is one of the best preserved in Mesopo- tamia. There is another large building of the period of Hammurabi (2100 B.c.) beneath it, and there are possibly earlier buildings at a still lower level. In the debris of the massive temple mound north- west of the stage tower was discovered a sculptured torso with feet and pedestal broken away and the head unfortunately lost. The statue is draped with a long embroidered mantle hung from the left shoulder and looped over the left arm, as it appears on the classical Sumerian statues of Gudea at Lagash. The right hand is folded over the left wrist—a pose unlike that of the previously known Sumerian custom of clasping the right hand with the left. On the JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 57 right shoulder is engraved an inscription in seven lines, the signs being made in strictly linear script which points to the pre-Sargonic period and to the age of the last kingdom of Kish in which Ur-Ilbaba (about 2850 B.C.) was the most famous ruler, while the style of the costume indicates a later period. At Jemdet Nasr, 16 miles northeast of Kish, one of the earliest known sites of Sumerian civilization was dis- covered. It was completely abandoned after a great conflagration before 3000 B.c., and was never re-occupied. Here rests, undisturbed through five millenniums, the elegant monochrome and polychrome ware of the early Sumerian people. This technique of painting pot- tery was completely lost in the advanced stages of Sumero- Babylonian culture. The geometrical and intricate designs are usually laid upon a buff yellow base, with a deep lustrous black and bright red paint. Many pieces are decorated with a lozenge design in black and red, common on pottery found at Susa. It is difficult to under- stand why the Sumerians, and the Babylonians who succeeded them, either lost or abandoned this joyful art. Professor Langdon concludes from these discoveries that the Sumerian occupation of central Meso- potamia was oider than any Sumerian civilization found in the south and that the Sumerians reached Mesopotamia from the north or northeast. With the polychrome pottery at Jemdet Nasr were found clay tablets inscribed in an extremely archaic script, occasionally reverting to the pictographic stage. These inscriptions afford a clue for dating the remains recovered from the site before the year 3100 B.c. Another important contribution to the date when this city was abandoned is supplied by the seals found with the tablets. Many of these have the very primitive form of buttons engraved with simple designs of the archaic period. The majority of the seals are small stone cylinders, haematite and marble, engraved with early Sumerian designs. Several of the pictographic tablets bear impressions of similar seals, and are the earliest sealed documents ever recovered. The excavation of the mound at Jemdet Nasr showed that it belonged entirely to one period (about 4000-8500 B.c.), but a structure dis- covered there proved to be built, not of the characteristic plano- convex bricks hitherto thought to be the earliest in date in Babylonia, but of a well-made rectangular brick, differing in size and shape from the later rectangular brick, which ousted the plano-convex brick. It is thought, therefore, that the latter—an obviously inferior type— must have been introduced by a race of invaders, and must have entirely superseded the earlier form in northern and southern Su- meria, as there is no evidence that the two types were ever in use at the same time. The season’s work was closed at the end of March. 58 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. BoTANY.—The Captain Marshall Field Botanical Exploration in Peru, begun in 1922, was continued during January, February and March of the year under review, in the Departments of Ayacucho and Huancavelica by Dr. A. Weberbauer. The season proved very unfavorable, however, for collecting, as the rainy period lasted longer than usual and trails were so badly washed out that in most cases they were impassable. Under these circumstances the collector had to confine his work largely to the more desert areas, where, even in favorable years, the vegetation is very sparse. Nevertheless he se- cured 185 numbers, mostly in duplicates of four each, some of which, when studied, will probably prove to be new to science. Many others represent species, either imperfectly known or collected but once before and hitherto unrepresented in any herbarium in this country. The trip of Dr. F. W. Pennell, Plant Curator of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, to Chile, Peru and Bolivia, spon- sored by the Academy, the New York Botanical Garden, Gray Herbarium and Field Museum, added 1,711 specimens to the herbarium. The majority of these are from Peru and constitute an invaluable addition to the Museum’s collection of Peruvian plants, now the largest and most important in the United States. The Botanical Expedition of Mrs. Agnes Chase, Associate Agro- stologist, United States Bureau of Plant Industry, to Brazil, aided by the Captain Marshall Field Fund, conducted expressly for the field- study and collection of tropical grasses, yielded 1,173 specimens of this difficult group of plants, upon which Mrs. Chase is an authority. An interesting collection of 100 well-prepared specimens of Greenland plants was made by Mr. A. C. Weed, Assistant Curator of Fishes, on the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition. The participation of the Department in the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition of 1926 resulted in a large quantity of botanical material being secured. Since the Department is not pre- pared to enter upon a course of general collecting in Brazil, the Acting Curator, Dr. B. HE. Dahlgren, and the two assistants who accompanied the expedition, viz. Messrs. J. R. Millar and George Petersen, di- rected their efforts to certain specific ends, that is, to increasing the palm collection, the economic collections, and exhibits of the Depart- ment by specimens and photographs. They also particularly aimed at obtaining material and studies of plants to be reproduced for the Hall of Plant Life in the Museum. The famous Botanical Garden of JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 59 Rio de Janeiro and the neighborhood of the city furnished ample material of value to the Museum, in fact, more than could be ade- quately studied and prepared in the time allotted to this expedition. Consequently, a projected journey to Para and Amazonas was post- poned till another time. The Botanical Garden of Rio is particularly rich in palms, many of special interest, being the types of some of the Brazilian species of the late J. Barbosa Rodrigues, formerly director of the Garden and author of the well-known Sertum Palmarum Brasiliensium. Since no herbarium collection of his palms exists, the specimens secured from some of his plants are of special impor- tance. Adequate collections were made of many species and genera not hitherto represented in the Museum’s collections, and full advan- tage was also taken of the existence of many non-Brazilian species in the Garden. Thus among the objects unexpectedly secured is a complete cluster of fruit of one of the true Sago Palms (Metroxylon Rumphit) of the East Indies, of which there are several fine examples in this Garden. The fruit cluster, weighing in its fresh state fully 500 pounds and measuring 8 or 9 feet in length, is now in the Museum. With its thousands of handsome scaly fruits, it will fur- nish an unusual botanical exhibit. The perfect preparation of this and the other specimens, required the construction of a drying oven in which a fire was maintained throughout the stay. The oven was built of wood, lined in part with tin and asbestos paper and heated by two or sometimes three kerosene vapor stoves. An iron plate laid on top of the stoves served to distribute the heat, and a wire screen placed a foot above the hot plate divided the drying com- partment above from the source of heat below, also serving to pre- vent inflammable debris or dried specimens from accidental contact with the hot plate. _A large collection of fruits and seeds were also secured. A quan- tity of these were sterilized with “uspuiun”’ and sent through the Plant Inspection Service of the Federal Horticultural Board to the Garfield Park Conservatory, Chicago. This was done with the hope of enriching the collection of living plants in this conservatory, which is not only the most important in Chicago but one of the finest in the United States. A collection was also made of the many Cycads in the Garden. Among the various plants of which material was secured for reproduction for the exhibits in the Hall of Plant Life were the Cassava, the melastomaceous Flor da Quaresma, ‘‘Lenten Flower’ of Brazil,;a handsome Sanchezia, Cinnamon, Black Pepper, etc. 60 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPorTS, VOL. VII. The Museum wishes to record its indebtedness to Dr. Pacheco Ledo, the Director of the Jardim Botanico of Rio de Janeiro, and his staff for innumerable courtesies and assistance provided, and also to his Excellence, Dr. du Pin e Almeida, Minister of Agriculture. Through the courtesy and interest of the latter, the Museum secured a series of scientific publications of the various bureaus and institu- tions of the Brazilian Ministerio d’Agricultura, Industria e Com- mercio. GEOLOGY.—Four expeditions made collections for the Depart- ment of Geology. Of these, two worked in South America, one covered some Arctic localities, and the fourth operated in the eastern part of the United States. The work in South America, performed by two Captain Marshall Field Expeditions, was conducted by Associate Curator Nichols and Associate Curator of Paleontology Riggs. Associate Curator Nichols left Chicago early in June with the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition. After reaching Rio de Janeiro, he separated from the main body of the expedition. He then engaged in collecting geological material in Brazil, Uruguay, Chile and Bolivia until his return to the Museum the last week in Decem- ber. Several hundred specimens, covering many mineral resources of South America were collected, as well as many choice minerals. In addition, 660 negatives were made, twenty-three of which introduce a new feature in depicting natural colors. In Brazil, advantage was taken of favorable conditions to make studies of the origin of laterite and of the formation of aluminum and iron ores. Observations on the geological effect of the rising of ground waters in the semi-arid regions of Brazil and in the extremely arid Atacama Desert were made, and the conclusions promise to be of scientific value. , Visits were made to some of the principal gold, manganese and iron ore districts of Minas Geraes, Brazil. The chief studies and collections were made in the gold and manganese mines. Large deposits of aluminum ores were found under conditions exceptionally favorable for the study of the origin of such ores and of the nature and origin of laterite. Certain kinds of iron ore were also studied under unusually favorable conditions. Much light was thrown on some other geological phenomena of obscure nature. The next objective was the agate fields of Uruguay, which, although they supply most of the agate for the world’s markets, seem to be little known. Several days were spent at Montevideo collecting Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate VIII BRANCH OF MISSION OLIVE A fruiting branch of an olive tree reproduced from nature for the Hall of Plant Life by Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories ae Op A ees wAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 61 information, and a number of valuable specimens were obtained there through the courtesy of officials of the Museo Nacional, the Instituto de Geologia y Perforaciones and private individuals. The agate fields, which are in the extreme north of Uruguay, proved to be less accessible than had been anticipated and little reliable information about them or their exact location could be secured. Work was also much hampered by the constant rains of an abnormal winter. At Salto, reached by rail from TG it was learned that the agate fields of importance were still further north, in Artegas. At the latter place it was learned that the important deposits were in the Catalan District, nearly sixty miles away. They were finally reached by automobile over very poor roads, and studies and collections were made. Besides agate, the Catalan district produces large quantities of amethyst of gem quality and numerous specimens of this were collected. Studies in the field showed that agate in its original matrix did not exist, but the general nature of the primary deposit, now completely eroded, was determined. Upon returning to Montevideo, it was found that crossing the Andes by the Trans-Andean Railroad was impossible on account of the heavy snowfall of the severe winter, the snow being sixty feet deep in places. Accordingly the opportunity was taken to carry on more field work in Uruguay. Important stone quarrying regions from which large quantities of stone are exported were visited. At the granite quarries of La Paz, Uruguay, besides collecting, critical studies were made of the large striated boulder from which Agassiz is reported to have inferred a glaciation of Uruguay. An expedition to the large granite and porphyry quarries of Piriopolis yielded specimens of unusual types of calcareous tufas. | ‘Communication with Chile by rail being finally established, the Braden Mines district was reached. Collecting there yielded an unexpected abundance of choice minerals, although the deep snows prevented any surface work. After leaving the Braden Mines, some time was spent in Santiago collecting data on Chilean meteorites and securing specimens of silver minerals which are now to be ob- tained only from old collections. Passage was then taken from Valparaiso to Coquimbo, whence the iron mountain of Tofo, Chile, was reached. After a few days collecting at Tofo and in the old copper mining town of La Hugueira, the copper mines at Potrerillos were visited. Here collec- tions were made which included fossils as well as the usual ores and — 62 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpPoRtTS, VOL. VII. minerals. Potrerillos is well within the Atacama desert and from here until Bolivia was reached, full advantage was taken of the oppor- tunity to study desert conditions and to secure specimens illustrating them. From Potrerillos to Chuquicamata the journey was by rail- road. At Chuquicamata, where the largest known deposit of copper ore in the world is located, ample collections were made of the brightly colored, unique ores of the mine and a number of the rare minerals associated with them. Trips were made from here into the © desert which, at this place, is unusually dry. Specimens collected included excellent examples of desert varnish, sand-blasted pebbles, salt incrustations and other desert features obtainable in equal perfection in but few places. An expedition to the vicinity of the Indian village of Chiu-Chiu permitted studies to be made of the ruins of two pre-conquest Inca villages, and collections were made at an Inca pre-Spanish burial place. Also, photographs were taken of a series of pictographs on the walls of a canyon near the Indian village of Quebrada. At Chu- quicamata a valuable series of Inca material from the burial place at Chiu-Chiu was received by gift from Mr. Herman Eggers. On a side trip to the seashore at Tocopilla, some copper ores and other specimens were secured, as well as a few archaeological specimens from a large kitchen-midden. The nitrate establishments of the Atacama desert are nearly all shut down, but a visit was paid to the new Guggenheim nitrate plant at Coya Norte, which was preparing to produce nitrates and iodine by a new process on a very large scale. The specimens secured here were hermetically sealed in tin and it is hoped that they will be thus sufficiently protected from dampness to arrive in good condition. A few plates for color pho- tography were secured, and as many color photographs as the number of plates obtainable permitted were taken here and later in Bolivia. It is expected that these will serve as guides to the colorist in pre- paring lantern slides of desert scenery. This completed the work in Chile, and on November 4 Mr. Nichols, accompanied by Mr. Eggers as interpreter and guide, left by rail for Oruro, Bolivia, via Antofagasta. On the way, sulphur was collected at a number of places where it was being mined from volcanos, some of which are not entirely extinct. Borax from the borax lake at Cebollar and fossils from Patacamaya were also col- lected. At Oruro the two largest silver-tin mines of the district were visited. The expedition then left for the Caracolles tin mines on the east slope of the Andes, travelling by rail and automobile. In Cara- AN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 63 colles tin ores and minerals were collected and some very fine cas- siterite crystals from Atocha (which was not visited) were obtained. In company with the manager of Caracolles, the ancient silver mining city of Potosi was visited. Here it was learned that this, the largest deposit of silver ore ever found, is almost exhausted as far as silver is concerned, although it now yields important quantities of tin. The American tin dredge and mill at Areofilla, working on stream tin, was visited and collections made there. The expedition then returned to Caracolles and was soon again in Oruro, where collec- tions of ores and choice minerals from the Patino properties at Llallagua were secured. After packing and shipping these specimens, Associate Curator Nichols returned home by way of La Paz, Lake Titicaca and Mollendo, Peru. The work of the Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedi- tion to Argentina, which had been suspended in 1924-5, was resumed during the year. Early in April, Associate Curator Riggs, accom- panied by Robert C. Thorne of the Museum staff, sailed for these fields.: After making the necessary arrangements with the Argentine officials in Buenos Aires, the party proceeded to fossil localities in the Province of Catamarca. The first collections were made in the vicinity of San Jose, where transition faunas from the Miocene of santa Cruz to the Pliocene were found. A variety of remains of members of the glyptodont and armadillo families, immigrant carni- vores, large birds and insectivores were found, and about a ton of specimens was collected. Having exhausted this locality, the collect- ions were stored and the party passed westward to the headwaters of the Rio Corral Quemada. Here was discovered an extensive series of Pleistocene formations, constituting a fossil-bearing loeality more fertile than the first. No previous fossil collecting had been done in this valley. Through the courtesy of Senator Carmen Aibar, camp was established on his Estancia and collecting prosecuted in the surrounding hills until late in November, when the appearance of the rainy season put an end to the work. Collecting here involved continuous and exhaustive search through a formation seven thou- sand feet in thickness, exposed in a series of cliffs, canyons and arroyos. From these, specimens were chiseled or blasted, and many of the fossil bundles had to be transported on mule-back or by im- provised mule litters. Lumber for the construction of packing cases was sawed by hand from drift logs. Approximately five tons of specimens were secured. The collection was inspected in the field 64 FIELD MusEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII. by a representative of the Argentine National Commission, and three specimens of fossil mammals were set aside for the Argentine Government. Altogether, there were collected in this region, 181 specimens of fossil mammals, 5 of fossil birds and 2 of fossil turtles. Among the fossil mammals there were secured a mountable skeleton of the large glyptodont, Doedicurus, a skull and half skeleton of Typotherium, and a skeleton of the ground sloth, Pronototherium. The latter was an animal about the size of a black bear. The acqui- sition of this specimen will give to the Museum the first mounted skeleton of this animal. Besides fossils, a number of recent mammals, reptiles and plants were collected by the party, and 300 negatives illustrating technical and popular phases of the work were made. The collection was conveyed over mountain and desert trails to the nearest shipping point and thence to Buenos Aires where it will be ready for export as soon as released by the customs authorities. — The expedition then transferred its work to the Pampean Formation on the southern coast of the Province of Buenos Aires. From the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition a ie number of specimens of rocks and minerals of the regions visited and many geological photographs were obtained. Dr. James H. C. Martens, the geologist of the Expedition, was assigned to the auxil- liary schooner Sachem. Wherever a landfall was made, he secured representative rocks and minerals. Some of the localities visited, especially in Labrador, have never been previously reported on by geologists, hence all the material obtained there was new to science. As far as possible, large specimens, suitable for Museum display were obtained. These chiefly illustrated rock structures and such geological phenomena as dikes, veins, folds and ripplemarks. Re- cording in detail the localities visited and specimens secured, the results were as follows: At two localities in Maine sets of specimens representing the prin- cipal formations outcropping were collected. The most complete and interesting of these were from the vicinity of Bar Harbor. In Nova Scotia, while little time was available for collecting, some good,slabs of ripple-marked sandstone were obtained from sydney, a specimen of conglomerate from near Baddeck, gypsum from the white Sule at Big Harbor and glaciated pebbles from St. Peter. Near Curling, in the Bay of Islands, Newfoundland, a little more than a day was spent and specimens were collected illustrating the development of rock cleavage and jointing, the formation of veins, JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 65 and some showing the types of materials which have been mined at the slate, limestone and quartzite quarries of the region. Many localities in Labrador were visited between Battle Harbor on the south and Saglek Bay on the north. With the exception of some loose sands and gravels on the surface, all of the rocks exam- ined in this area were found to be very ancient and to contain no fossils. From these localities were collected large specimens of several varieties of gneiss which show jointing, foliation, banding and fold- ing. Trap dikes were found at nearly every harbor, and specimens were collected to show columnar and irregular jointing and the in- crease in size of the mineral grains from the margin of the dike toward the center. Some of the dike specimens are of interest in showing the whole width of a dike and both contacts. Some mineral specimens were also collected in Labrador. These included chatoyant labradorite and hypersthene from the well-known locality of Nain, serpentine and actinolite from Hopedale, and albite and potash feldspar from the vicinity of Battle Harbor. Several localities were visited in Greenland between Sukkertop- pen and Godhavn. The rocks were found to resemble those of Labrador, being mostly gneisses with trap dikes. In South Strém- fjord a locality was visited which had long been known to the Eskimos. It yielded specimens of the soapstone such as is used by them for stoves or lamps. Specimens of tale and asbestos were also obtained. On Disco Island, specimens were collected from the Tertiary voleanic rocks which occur there. Most of them contain zeolites in cavities. A glacier on this island was examined close at hand, anda specimen collected from the striated surface which had very recently been laid bare by the melting ice. Photographs were taken of small glaciers along South Strémfjord and Sennersut Island, the morainic deposits showing the recent melting back of these glaciers. A few small specimens of the well-known native iron of Disko Island were obtained from the Eskimos, the short stay of the vessel preventing any study of the deposits. Two specimens of sand obtained from Holstenborg showed the effects of sorting by waves, the sand being separated into a heavy portion, consisting largely of garnet and a light one which is nearly all quartz and feldspar. At Baffin Island, a short stay and very unfavorable weather prevented collecting anything more than some pieces of banded gneiss which seemed to be the principal rock on Brevoort Island. } 66 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VoL; VIL. The total number of geological specimens obtained was 579, and the number of geological photographs made was 181. The photo- graphs illustrate chiefly such features as forms of icebergs, glaciers, glaciated surfaces, wave-erosion, atmospheric weathering and bed rock geology. Collecting of fossil plants and invertebrates was carried on by Assistant Curator Roy in the eastern part of the state of New York for two months during the summer. Especial attention was paid to the region about Gilboa, where, in connection with the construction of a large dam, unusual opportunities for procuring desirable speci- mens were afforded. The most important material obtained was the remains of the earliest known trees. These trees (Hospermatopiteris) were related to seed-bearing ferns and grew to a large size. Stumps of trunks 14 to 18 inches in diameter were secured by Mr. Roy, as well as many specimens of rootlets, seeds, pinnules and branches. . Specimens were aiso obtained of an early form related to the modern lepidodendrids or club mosses. These also grew at that time to the size of trees. The specimens secured included the remains of portions of trunks, seeds and branches. Mr. Hugh Nawn, the contractor operating at the locality, gave generous assistance toward securing desirable specimens. Neighboring localities, for example, Ryes- dorf Hill, Troy, Kenwood, Glenmont, - Clarkesville, Stuyvesant, Schodak Landing, Greenfield, Hoyt’s Quarry, Middlegrove, Rock Fall City, Snake Hill and Granville yielded specimens of inverte- brate fossils of earlier periods, in addition to other valuable material. At Granville, important specimens were obtained in the form of remains of the earliest known Discomedusans (Jelly-fishes). These specimens, which occur only in this locality, are regarded as the compressed bodies of lobed jelly-fishes, the lobes varying in number from 4 to 7. They occur in rocks of Middle Cambrian age and are thus among the earliest forms of life known. Four excellent speci- mens were obtained through the kind assistance of Mr. Gomer B. Williams. Other specimens of the Cambrian age procured included some of the large fossil sponge Cryptozoon, a number of trilobites and various brachiopods and mollusks. From the Ordovician shales at Glenmont, large numbers of well-preserved graptolites were col- lected. Other localities afforded Ordovician trilobites. The Museum artist, Mr. C. A. Corwin, spent eight days at Meteor Crater, Arizona, making color and topographical studies of that peculiar area. As is well. known, this is a crater-like depression in an Arizona plain, where several hundred meteorites, all belonging SoAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 67 to one fall, have been found. It is supposed that the crater, a mile in diameter and 600 feet deep, was made by the impact of a very large meteorite belonging to this fall. Six studies, each 20 x 30 inches in size, were made by Mr. Corwin, showing connected portions of the crater. It is intended to use these studies in an enlarged form to make a representative exhibit of the area. In addition, Mr. Corwin col- lected fifty-seven specimens of the rocks and minerals characteristic of the area. These included the peculiar “rock flour’ found in the erater, specimens of the wall rocks and various concretions. Twenty photographs of the formations were also made by him. ‘The place of find of a mass of the Navajo meteorite, weighing 1508 pounds, at Navajo, Arizona, was visited by the Curator during the summer, and full details obtained regarding the circumstances of the find. Photographs of the place of fall were made and the meteorite shipped to the Museum. ZOOLOGY.—During the year, six expeditions were in the field mainly in the interests of the Department of Zoology, and two others gave considerable attention to the collecting of zoological specimens. The countries in which these expeditions operated or are still oper- ating include the western United States, northeastern North Amer- ica (including Greenland), southern Brazil, Uruguay, northern Ar- gentina, India, Asia, Abyssinia, Tanganyika Territory and the vicinity of the eastern border of Belgian Congo. The results of the completed expeditions have been most satisfactory, and there is every indication that those still in the field will, hkewise, be the means of adding many new and rare species to the Museum’s col- lections. One of the important expeditions of the year was the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition. The zoological section of this expedition consisted of Mr. George K. Cherrie as leader; Mrs. Marshall Field, Mrs. Grace Thompson Seton, Mr. Curzon Taylor; and Messrs. Karl P. Schmidt and Colin C. Sanborn of the Museum staff. Sailing from New York on June 19, 1926, the party arrived at Rio de Janeiro on July 2. The first camp was made at the Fazenda Posse, near Therezopolis, State of Rio de Janeiro, in the heart of the Organ Mountains. The vicinity of this camp was very rich in bird ana mammal life, and an excellent representation of the vertebrate fauna of the region was secured. Leaving Therezopolis, the expedition passed through Rio and Sao Paulo, visiting near the latter place the famous Instituto 68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. de Butantan, where the most comprehensive studies of snake venom and the treatment of snake bite are being made under the direc- tion of Dr. Vital Brazil, the founder of the Institute. From Sao Paulo the party went to Bauru in the heart of the State of Sao Paulo and, after collecting birds for two days, they began their trip by rail to the Paraguay River. Thanks to the facilities provided by the railway, the ‘‘Noroeste de Brazil,”’ in the form of a private ear and attached baggage-car, it was possible to make short halts. for collecting at various places en route. A very productive stop of two days was made at Piraputanga, Matto Grosso, where the rail- road passes a range of hills and follows the Rio Aquidauna. At Porto Esperanea on the Paraguay River, after a rail journey of 1,400 kilometers, the party took the river steamer for Corumba, the important distributing center of this part of Brazil. Here a steam launch was engaged for the trip to Descalvados, the ranch ~ and packing plant of the Brazil Land and Packing Company, where Mr. Cherrie had hunted with President Roosevelt in 1914. Mr. Jack Ramsey offered them the hospitality of the ranch and supplied ox- carts and horses for the hunting trip to the west, which consumed eight days. This trip was extremely interesting, passing through characteristic open grass-lands with islands of forest and marsh, where deer, jaguar and giant anteaters, as well as other game, were abun- dant. Near their second camp on this trip, Mrs. Field shot a fine jaguar. Two species of deer and two giant anteaters were also obtained in this region. Many interesting and desirable birds were in addition secured. On August 11 they returned to Corumbé. The launch trip on the upper Paraguay was highly interesting. A number of capybara, a rodent about the size of a half grown pig, shot by Mrs. Field and Mr. Sanborn, and a fine series of the Paraguayan jacare, the local relative of the crocodile, were obtained. The bird life of the vast Paraguayan marsh was found to be remarkably rich and varied in number of individuals as well as species, and representative forms were collected along the route. On returning to Corumba, Mrs. Seton left the party to return to the United States via Chile and the west coast of South America in accordance with her original plan. The remaining members then spent ten days at Urucum, a locality south of Corumba where a bold range of manganese-bearing mountains rises to 3,000 feet above the surrounding level plain. This place proved an especially good local- ity for bird collecting. In the shafts of the abandoned manganese eZzIs [BInjeU P.ALYJ-9U0 FNOG VY ABig "T uoey Aq AWASpIxey, SPUSPOY FO JIQIYXe 1}VUL9}SAS OY} UT THYYINOS GNNOU NVIAWNTOO ] ' hal ..\ ea ai | he ae “5 XI Id ‘ITA ‘OA ‘syodey AIOYSTFT TINY JO wnosny! PPT JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 69 mine, at an altitude of 2,300 feet, Mr. Sanborn secured a large series of bats. Mr. Cherrie, Mrs. Field and Mr. Taylor left Corumba, August 22, to return by rail to S&éo Paulo and sailed for the United States on September 1. Messrs. Sanborn, Schmidt and an assistant, Mr. S. J. Garzon, remained in Corumba to re-pack the baggage and col- lections, afterwards taking the river steamer to Asuncion, Paraguay, August 26. From Asuncion, the remaining dain of the expedition went by rail to Posadas, Missiones Territory, Argentine Republic. Here they took a steamer on the upper Parana for Iguazu Falls. En route, they accepted the invitation of Mr. Carlos H. Benson to camp and collect on his plantation at Caraguatay where, midway between Posadas and Iguazu Falls, Messrs. Sanborn and Garzon stopped while Mr. Schmidt visited Iguazu Falls and Puerto Bertoni, rejoining the others at their camp at Caraguatay. The second week in Mis- siones was spent in camp on the Rio Paranay, a small affluent of the Parana, where birds and amphibians were of interest but mammals and reptiles scarce. Leaving Caraguatay September 23, the party divided at Pods and Mr. Sanborn proceeded direct to Montevideo to ar- range for the entry of the equipment which Mr. Schmidt brought down by the river steamer to Buenos Aires and then shipped to Montevideo. At Buenos Aires, Mr. Schmidt was later joined by Mr. Sanborn, and together they went to Montevideo where they were occupied for ten days in repacking the collections for shipment to the United States and in making preparations for work in Uruguay. As a continuation of the work of this expedition, Mr. Sanborn was authorized to make an extensive survey of the vertebrates of Uru- guay. He is, therefore, continuing the field work in that country with favorable results. A recent report indicates that he has already collected about 300 birds and mammals, 400 reptiles and amphibians, and over 300 fishes. Mr. Schmidt left Montevideo, October 26, returning to the United States via Chile and the west coast. In Santiago, Chile, he studied specimens in the National Museum, where every facility was Offered him by the Director, Dr. Eduardo Moore. Collecting excursions were made for lizards and frogs in the neighborhood of Santiago, and the opportunity was utilized to obtain a number. of scarce Chilean publications which have long been desired by Field Museum Library. 70 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. The number of specimens obtained by the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition is 4,338. It includes: Mammals, 362; birds, 648; reptiles and amphibians, 282; fishes, 2,187; insects, 846; other invertebrates, 58. A Museum expedition that assures the acquisition of many desirable mammals, birds and other vertebrates of eastern and central Africa, is the Conover-Everard African Expedition. This was financed and undertaken by Mr. H. B. Conover, an associate in the Museum’s division of birds, and Mr. R. H. Everard of Detroit. They were accompanied by Mr. John T. Zimmer, assistant curator of birds, who has had much experience in collecting in the Philip- pine Islands, New Guinea and South America. The expedition sailed from New York early in April, going first to London for additional equipment and then, via Paris, to Marseilles, where they embarked for Dar-es-Salaam on the coast of Tanganyika Territory. Using . Dar-es-Salaam as a shipping point, on June 4 they went up the coast by steamer to Tanga, from which port a railroad extends in- land toward Mount Kilimanjaro. By means of the railroad up to Mombo and then by automobile, the party finally established a camp in the hills beyond Magamba at an elevation of 5,200 feet. The animal life at Magamba was found to be quite different from that of the lowlands. In this region Abbott’s Duiker, a pigmy antelope, was supposed to be at home and, as it is a rare animal not represented in the Museum, great effort was made to collect it. With the aid of a local chief, about a hundred natives were assembled and requested to make a number of cleared lines up the mountain side. In three days four or five “‘drives’’ were made, the members of the expedition being stationed along each of the clearings while the natives drove through the thick forest, blowing horns and making other noise. The first day’s drive was unsuccessful, but on the second day Mr. Zimmer secured an adult doe, and on the third day Mr. Conover obtained a nearly grown male. At Magamba the party stayed until June 29 and then made excursions and camps in various directions, finally reaching Mnazi, near the Kenya border at an altitude of 1,600 feet. Leaving Mnazi, July 18, they returned some distance for additional supplies and, chartering two motor lorries, they went southward across the coun- try to the central railroad at Mrogoro. After waiting here several days for a train, they went back to Dar-es-Salaam to repack and ship their collection. The specimens, results of their first trip, in the JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. (qe shipment received by the Museum, consisted of 83 mammals, among which were four antelopes and one cheetah, and 322 birds. On their second trip into the interior, they went by rail from Dar-es-Salaam to Kilossa. In a region about a hundred miles south of there, they collected and traveled for two months, moving from place to place afoot, by bicycles, canoes and autos. At Matamiras, where they camped near a deserted village at the edge of a large open plain, game was abundant but limited in number of species. Here Mr. Zimmer collected a female and three males of a handsome antelope, locally called the “Pudu.”’ Returning to Kilossa, October 22, they proceeded to pack their collections for shipment and make preparations for the next step of their journey. The second ship- ment of specimens, which has not yet been received, is reported to contain 117 mammals, 197 birds, and 140 reptiles and fishes. According to plans, this expedition was to leave Kilossa and go to Kigoma, the western railroad terminal on Lake Tanganyika, take a steamer across the lake to Albertville, and then travel by rail and boat to promising collecting grounds along the Lualaba River in the eastern part of the Belgian Congo. After securing a series of the vertebrates in the Belgian Congo, they planned to return to Kigoma and continue their zoological explorations in the upper Nile basin. Although the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition was conducted in the interest of the Museum as a whole and not primarily in behalf of the Department of Zoology, nevertheless it was the means of adding many new and desirable specimens of vertebrate and inver- tebrate animals to the Museum’s collections. The leader of the expedition, which was made possible through the generosity of Mr. Frederick H. Rawson, was Commander Donald B. MacMillan, the noted Arctic explorer. The expedition was accompanied by Mr. Alfred C. Weed, assistant curator of fishes, and Mr. Ashley Hine, bird taxidermist, of the Museum staff. The expedition sailed from Wiscasset, Maine, June 19, in Com- mander MacMillan’s auxiliary schooner “Bowdoin,” accompanied by Commander Rowe B. Metcalf’s auxiliary schooner “‘Sachem.”’ Along the coast of Maine stops were made at various ports, the last being Bar Harbor. On June 28, they arrived at Sidney, Nova Scotia, from there sailing to Curling near the head of Bay Island, Newfoundland. Battle Harbor, their first port in Labrador, was reached July 3, and there a delay of three days was caused by ice and weather conditions. While sailing northward in the more open waters near 72 FreLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpoRTS, VOL. VII. the barren rocky coast, eleven stops of varying length were made in Labrador. On July 20, they arrived at Cape Mugford where, the conditions appearing favorable, they changed their course, passed through the ice pack off the coast of Labrador and in a few hours, were in the open waters and headed for Greenland. The first landing place in Greenland was at a little bay south of Sukkertoppen. Sailing northward, they visited Sukkertoppen, Akpa- miut, South Stroémfiord and Simuitak. About noon of August 1 they arrived at Godhavn, Disko Island, the farthest point north reached by the expedition, and on the following day they began to sail homeward. On their return trip, along the west coast of Green- land, they stopped at Egedesminde, Holstenborg and Sukkertoppen, but at the last mentioned place only long enough to load oil before sailing for Baffin Land. Reaching Baffin Land in a fog, they anchored in a little harbor behind Cape Haven and as soon as they were able to locate their — position, August 15, they sailed for Labrador. A number of ports were again visited along the coast of Labrador as well as in Nova Scotia and Maine, and on September 1, twelve weeks after they started northward, the expedition returned to Wiscasset, Maine. On this expedition collecting was done, whenever possible, in all of the harbors visited. In this work the members of the passenger crew gave much valuable and appreciated assistance. Those who were fond of shooting obtained a sufficient number of birds in many ports in Labrador and Greenland to keep Mr. Hine constantly busy skinning and making color sketches. Wherever trips ashore could be made, collecting was done in streams, ponds and tide pools. When in port, hand lines were nearly always used over the sides of the boat. In Labrador trout was found in all of the streams flowing into the sea. It was of much interest to discover fishes living in many landlocked ponds high up on the islands along the coast of Labrador. As some of these ponds apparently freeze solid in winter, the ques- tion arises as to how the small species of fish manage to survive. The 1,811 zoological specimens obtained by this expedition in- clude: mammals, 52; birds, 158; bird eggs, 28; fishes, 642; insects, 260; and invertebrates other than insects, 671. The acquisition of this collection is of particular value in that the Museum had pre- viously very few specimens from Labrador and Greenland. As would be expected, a large proportion of the birds obtained are water birds, many of which are urgently needed for the proper re-installation of the exhibit of North American birds now under JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 18 way. One of the birds that is especially desirable is the Greenland Wheat-eater, a species formerly not in the Museum’s collection. The fishes brought back by the expedition, although of a limited number of species, are of much interest and will serve to add consid- erably to the knowledge of the fish life of the Subarctic regions. The Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition, which started for Africa in September, has for its main object the collecting of a representative series of the mammals, birds and other vertebrates found in the zoologically little known country of Abys- sinia. Some of the larger animals that the Museum especially desired to secure from that mountainous country are the Mountain Nyala, Gallada Baboon, Abyssinian Ibex, Ricticulated Giraffe and the Black-maned Lion. This expedition is financed by the Chicago Daily News, whose representative in the party is Mr. Jack Baum, well known news- paper correspondent. The Museum’s staff is represented by Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator of Zoology, as leader and Mr. Alfred M. Bailey, zoologist and taxidermist. The other members of the party are Mr. Louis Agassiz Fuertes, of Cornell University, noted painter of birds; and Mr. Suydam Cutting, who was a member of the James Simpson-Roosevelt Asiatic Expedition, as photographer. This opportunity is taken to acknowledge the excellent accom- modations and courtesy extended by officials of the Cunard Steam- ship Company to members of the expedition during the first stage of the journey. The expedition sailed from New York for London, September 7. In Paris they were joined by Mr. Baum, and on September 28 they embarked at Marseilles for Djibouti, where they landed five days later. From Djibouti, which is in French Somaliland, a three days’ trip by rail took them to Addis Ababa, the capitol of Abys- sinia. Being well supplied with official letters of introduction and recommendation, their reception by the government officials, includ- ing the Ras Tafari, Prince Regent in behalf of the aged Empress, was most cordial and invaluable assistance was freely given to them. The preparations for their first trip into the interior were thereby greatly facilitated. The Arrusi country, two to three hundred miles south of Addis Ababa, was the first region in which they hoped to secure some of the desired large animals, and they were not disappointed. In a brief communication dated November 14, which the Museum received late in December, they reported that they had already secured a 74 FinEtD MuseuM oF NATURAL HISToRY—REpPoRTS, VOL. VII. beautiful group of the Mountain Nyala—three males and two fe- males—a number of smaller antelopes, and a general collection of about 500 mammals and birds. The Mountain Nyala, which was obtained so quickly after they reached their destination, is a large, handsome antelope. This animal is so rare and difficult to obtain that it is represented only in the British Museum. With such a successful beginning, large and valuable returns from the Abyssinian Expedition are assured. An account of the movements and successful termination of the James Simpson-Roosevelt Asiatic Expedition was given in the Director’s Report for 1925. Before returning to America however, Colonel Theodore Roosevelt and Mr. Kermit Roosevelt, accompanied by their wives, made several successful hunting trips in the central and upper provinces of India. On these trips they secured for the Museum more than thirty large mammals, including Swamp Deer, 5; Blackbuck, 4; Nilghai or Indian Blue Bull, 4; Hog Deer, 3; Spotted © Deer, 2; Indian Boar, 2; Indian Gazelle, 2; Leopard, 1; Tiger, 4; Cheetah, 1; and Rhinoceros, 2. The total number of specimens secured by the Asiatic expedition is 1,017. Of this number 230 are mammals; 654 birds and bird eggs; 70 reptiles and amphibians; and 63 insects. This important acquisition contains an excellent representation of the large mam- mals of Asia, and among the birds are many rare and desirable species. A report on the reptiles and amphibians of this expedition has been prepared by Assistant Curator Schmidt and issued in the Museum’s Zoological Series, Publication 237. The birds and mam- mals will be reported on in a similar manner. Two of the most interesting mammals collected by the Roosevelts are, without ques- tion, the Marco Polo Sheep and the Ibex. A group of each of these animals is now being prepared for exhibition with accessories and a background showing the nature of their bleak natural home. The zoological explorations of the Captain Marshall Field Cen- tral African Expedition were continued during a part of the year under the direction of Assistant Curator Heller and Dr. Hilda Hempl Heller. The latter returned to America via Nairobi and Mombasa in July, but Mr. Heller remained in the field several months longer, sailing from Dar-es-Salaam, on the coast of Tanganyika Territory, in the latter part of October. The specimens received represent the work of the expedition in 1925, and total 2,313 in number, of which 1,270 are mammals and mammal skulls; 8 birds; 992 reptiles and amphibians; 32 fishes; and 11 invertebrates. As mentioned under JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 15 the heading “Accessions,’’ the most valuable specimens received from this expedition are the skins and skeletons of a gorilla and an okapi. A shipment of 30 boxes containing the results of the expedi- tion’s work in 1926 has not yet arrived at the Museum. The explorations of the Third Asiatic Expedition, in which the Museum cooperated with the American Museum of Natural History, were temporarily discontinued on account of the civil conflicts in China and Mongolia. As soon as it becomes reasonably safe to go again into the interior of those countries, Dr. Roy Chapman Andrews, the leader of the expedition, hopes to renew the work which has already produced results of great interest and value. The specimens received from this expedition consist of 394 mammals (of which 62 are large desirable species, such as antelope, wild ass, etc.) and 249 fishes. An expedition, under the auspices of Captain Marshall Field, was made by Mr. C. J. Albrecht, mammal taxidermist, to the States of Washington and Arizona to collect specimens and accessories for groups of the Stellar Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, and the Mule Deer. In Arizona he was joined by Mr. C. A. Corwin, the staff artist, who made careful studies in oil for backgrounds. At La Push, State of Washington, Mr. Albrecht succeeded in getting all of the specimens and accessories needed for two seal groups. La Push, which is the home of the Quillayute Indians, is located on a point of land farthest west in the United States. Near there, on Jagget Islet, seven miles off the shore, are found many sea lions living under government protection. This little island, covering an area of only about two acres, nevertheless is the home of about 500 sea lions, and thus it always has been as far back as the Indians can remember. The Stellar Sea Lion is the largest of all seals, measuring sometimes 13 feet in length and weighing as much as 2,100 pounds. A family group of eleven specimens of these animals was collected. The Harbor Seal, which was also desired, is found on the reefs and kelp-covered rocks along the coast at low tide. A group of five of these animals was likewise collected. For permission to secure these seals the Museum is indebted to Dr. E. W. Nelson, Chief of the United States Biological Survey. Having successfully completed his work in the State of Washing- ton, Mr. Albrecht went, via San Francisco and Los Angeles, to the Kaibab National Forest in northern Arizona, where he was joined by Mr. Corwin in his camp at Big Saddle, 200 miles from the nearest railroad. At the time of their visit, the Kaibab National Forest was 76 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. clothed in an autumn garb of vivid colors. In such an environment thousands of Mule Deer live under government protection. While Mr. Albrecht collected and took care of the seven specimens required, Mr. Corwin made careful studies of the region so that when the ani- mals are mounted they can be placed in a setting characteristic of their natural habitat. For permits and assistance rendered in va- rious ways to Messrs. Albrecht and Corwin in Arizona and Utah, the Museum extends its thanks to the following gentlemen: Mr. D. E. Pettis, State Game Warden of Arizona and Acting District Forester of Ogden, Utah; Mr. A. E. Lewis, Deputy Game Warden; Mr. Carl Haycock, Forest Ranger; and Mr. William Angus of Los Angeles, California. The following list indicates the various expeditions in the field during the year: LOCALITY COLLECTORS MATERIAL KIsH, MESOPOTAMIA..... Stephen Langdon Archaeological Collections. Ernest Mackay | PRU caer ces stare ccuenite A. L. Kroeber Archaeological Collections. W. E. Schenck J. C. Tello MADAGASCAR) rene Ralph Linton Ethnological Collections. PERUVIAN ANDES........ A. Weberbauer Herbarium and Economic Specimens. RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL..B. E. Dahlgren Botanical Collections. J. R. Millar George Peterson ARGENTINA (iil ietciers bis care Elmer S. Riggs Paleontological Collections. Robert C. Thorne STATE OF NEW YORK....Sharat K. Roy Paleontological Collections. BRAZIL, PERU, ARGENTINA, CHILE, BOLIVIA, WRUGUANE Gowen ek H. W. Nichols Geological and Archaeolog- ical Collections. KASHMIR, TURKESTAN, THIAN SHAN MOUNT- AINS,, PAMIRS! 5). 5i2)<1..2 Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. Zoological Specimens. Kermit Roosevelt George K. Cherrie Suydam Cutting BRAZIL, ARGENTINA, PARAGUAY, URUGUAY, CAIEB eons Tae alee George K. Cherrie Zoological Collections. ' Hivelyn Marshall Field Grace Thompson Seton K. P. Schmidt C. C. Sanborn Curzon Taylor j00] Q ‘SySN} JO di} 07 [[MyYs Jo v9I WAOIT YBUO'T yoaqdV “af Aq poredoig VOGT “BIATIOG 09 UoIyIpodx [worsofoquoseg pelt [leysreyy ureydey Aq poyooijog BIATog “ellie y, NOGOLSVW NVOINMGNVY HLOOS 40 SMVE UNV TINS X id ‘ITA “OA ‘s}10daxy ; AIOISIFT YRINVVNY JO vINosnyT pled —s ld lakh rr — _ . j a ; t i 2 i - ] 1 “A ~ . EY r i ) “ . 3 i Fe ; 4 7 » ; : JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. Tue ABYSSINIA (ETHIOPIA)....W. H. Osgood Mammals, birds and Alfred M. Bailey other vertebrates. Louis Agassiz Fuertes Suydam Cutting Jack Baum SUBARCTIC REGIONS..... D. B. MacMillan Anthropological, botanical, J. H. C. Martens geological and zoological A. C. Weed material. Ashley Hine TANGANYIKA, AFRICA....H. B. Conover -Zoological Specimens. Robert T. Everard John T. Zimmer GENTRAL AFRICA;....... Edmund Heller Mammals, reptiles. Hilda H. Heller COAST OF STATE OF WASHINGTON.......... Clarence J. Albrecht Securing material for seal groups. SOUTHERN UTAH AND NORTHERN ARIZONA....Clarence J. Albrecht Securing specimens and Charles A. Corwin making studies and notes for mule-deer group. Leader of expedition named first in each case. INSTALLATION, RE-ARRANGEMENT AND PERMANENT IMPROVEMENT ANTHROPOLOGY.—The activity of the Department of Anthro- pology during the year under review was largely centered on the in- stallation of new material obtained by recent expeditions. Three new halls were completed and a total of seventy-seven exhibition cases instalied, distributed as follows: CASES PRECHACOIOSYeOln KAS yy Naan: Goin lesen eee) SA 2 Malay, Java, Borneo (Arthur B. Jones Collection)...... 28 CQGTEG EY 2 CS en AE Ri UE aca BO ECT Oe 5 HOGA AbOMM UMGIANS A. coe sh oe hls eeb a aw seed we ks 3 Sirona INGIANS a ees ok em eb vodel a ie eae oo 6 Noun American Archaeology . 0.2 2 oe. eo oe ek 19 Edward E. Ayer Pewter Collection.................... 14 ROCA Meee Rue so te fen Several changes were made in the exhibits in Stanley Field Hall. The Egyptian statue of the architect Senmut shown last year in Case 6 was transferred to Case 12 of the Egyptian collections, and a selection of the antiquities from Kish received in 1924 has been displayed in the former case. These include a large pottery brazier 78 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. with geometric designs scratched in the base by means of a comb, from the ‘‘A’? Cemetery at Ingharra; a handled pottery jar with a woman’s face and breast in high relief, and other pottery vases, all of the Sumerian period; a glazed pottery bowl and a bottle of the twelfth century B.c.; human and animal clay figurines; an alabaster vase; three restored ostrich egg-shell cups; a carved bone figure; bone picks; bronze implements divested of their malignant patina by means of the electro-chemical process referred to in last year’s Report (p. 442); glass bottles and seals, clay seals, pendants of stone and mother-of pearl, cylinder seals; and necklaces of carnelian, lapis lazuli, rock-crystal and shell. In Case 12 of Stanley Field Hall are shown thirty-one enlarged photographs illustrating the activity of the expedition during the season 1925-26. These photographs were taken on the spot by Assistant Curator Henry Field and Mr. Ernest Mackay. Each picture is provided with an explanatory caption. Two carved wooden figures and a guitar from Africa, presented — by the Arts Club of Chicago, as well as a carved wooden figure pre- sented by Mrs. John Alden Carpenter, were added to Case 11 as further examples of the artistic achievements of the Negro. In commemoration and honor of the Eucharistic Congress which convened in Chicago from June 20 to June 23 several special exhibits were arranged. Two cases containing reproductions of antiquities, chiefly ecclesiastical, of ancient Ireland were temporarily placed in Stanley Field Hall and attracted many thousands of visitors. The painting of a Chinese Madonna with Child of the early seventeenth century, obtained by the Blackstone Expedition to China in 1908, formed the center of an exhibit illustrating the early history of Christianity in China. In the same case were also displayed a fac- simile of the famous Nestorian inscription of A.D. 781, which records the introduction of Nestorian Christianity into China under the Tang dynasty in A.D. 635; a rubbing of the tomb inscription in Latin and Chinese of Matteo Ricci (1552-1610), the first Jesuit priest who came to China, and several portraits of him. The painting of the Madonna was widely discussed in the press and made the subject of an article by the Rev. Albert Muntsch, 8.J., of St. Louis University, in The Fortnightly Renew (October 1, 1926) with reference to Dr. Laufer’s former researches into this subject. The Potawatomi collection obtained last year by Mr. M. G. Chandler under the auspices of Mr. Julius and Mrs. Augusta N. Rosenwald has been installed in three standard cases A man’s costume and three woman’s dresses are displayed on manikins. ‘JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 79 Articles of clothing, drums, pipes, ceremonial objects, household equipment, bags, saddles, and snowshoes are arranged on two light- colored screens. These three cases have been placed in James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Hall (Hall 4), adjoining the cultures of the Ojibwa and Winnebago, and make an excellent contribution to the history of the Indians formerly inhabiting the Chicago region. Hall 6, containing the collections from the California Indians, is _ In process of reorganization. This is made necessary by the fact that subsequent to their removal to the new building the cases containing these collections were somewhat hastily reinstalled and arranged, while a great deal of material relegated to storage could not be shown. The exhibits were somewhat crowded and stressed too much the subject of basketry. While the latter is of great interest. it should not outshine or exclude all other phases of aboriginal life. Moreover, the old alignment of cases failed to accord with either the cultural or the geographic relationships of the tribes represented. The new arrangement, which has been partially completed under the direction of Assistant Curator Strong, is planned in.conformity with both of these factors, and aims at setting forth the prominent char- - acteristics of each tribe rather than emphasizing particular features or products of native culture. In addition to improvements in the ar- rangement of cases, six cases have been thoroughly reinstalled on light-colored screens representing, from east to west, the Yuma, Mohave, Mono, Washo, Northern Paiute, Maidu, Wintun, and Pomo. Thus the exhibits start from the southeastern corner of the State of California with the Yuma and Mchave, who resemble the settled peoples of the Southwest in their agriculture and pottery- making, and proceed to the north showing the mode of life of the eastern Californians who are related in culture to the wandering peoples of the Great Basin. The exhibits include the costumes, religious paraphernalia, weapons, hunting and food-gathering eauip- ment of the above groups. Especially notable in the Washo exhibit is the complete dancer’s outfit made of eagle-down and decorated with elaborate ornaments. This type of ceremonial costume was formerly used in southern California and the Southwest, but is probably unobtainable at present. The Maidu exhibit illustrates in detail the manner in which bread was made from the poisonous acorns that formed the staple food in aboriginal California. Two _ features especially distinguish the Pomo collections—the exquisite basketry said to be the finest in existence, and the varied utilitarian pursuits of native life which are pictured in detail. The chipping of 80 FIELD Museum OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VII. obsidian tools, the complete process of arrow-making, the prepara- tion of native currency from clam-shells and magnesite, as well as the method of obtaining fire, are all demonstrated. Within the coming year it is planned to complete the arrangement of the re- mainder of the Californian Indian collections in the same manner, so that the visitor to the hall will be able to visualize, in their correct geographic sequence, the varied native cultures of the State. On the south side of the hall will be shown those California tribes that formed part of the Northwest Coast culture area—the Tolowa, Yurok, Karok and Hupa, characterized by their wood, shell and horn carvings, and by elaborate ceremonies in which a display of wealth played a large part. To objectify this latter phase of their life, a group of Yurok “‘white-deer skin” dancers in full ceremonial regalia has been planned. At the other end of the hall will be illus- trated the utilitarian and ceremonial artifacts of the Miwok and Yokut tribes of south-central California. These groups are inter-— mediate in culture between the northern and southern tribes in the State, and might well be called typical native Californians. The crude pottery made by the last group is particularly interesting, for it represents the northwestern limit of the potter’s art among the American Indians. Hall 7 containing the Stanley McCormick Collection will like- wise be reorganized according to a similar plan. In their final shape, the. exhibits in this hall are designed to convey an adequate picture of the culture developments in the Southwest of the United States, in prehistoric and historic times from the Basket makers to the Cliff-dwellers and Pueblos. For the present the cases in this hall have been rearranged to conform as far as possible with this new plan. In the central aisle, running from east to west, are shown models of Arizona Pueblos, the life-size figures of a Hopi bride and a Hopi rabbit-hunter, and two pairs of dancers in full regalia. Follow- ing the group of the Hopi home on the south side of the hall are displayed the utensils, and textile and ceramic products of this peo- ple. Along the north side are arranged eight of the Hopi altars that are so all-important in Hopi religious life for the production of rain. Thus the western half of the hall conveys a vivid impression of the life-cycle of the Hopi in their work, play, and ritual. The southeast section of the hall, at present given over to supernumerary Hopi altars, will be devoted later on to Southwest archaeology, which is in the main characterized by pottery. The central aisle of this section will be occupied by models of the various Pueblos, commencing with IX 721g ‘TIA “OA ‘6310d047 AloysIFT [eINJeN Jo unasnyy ppergq JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 81 modern types and ending with models of. the earlier ruins. The northeast portion of the hall will contain ritualistic, utilitarian, tex- tile and ceramic collections from the present-day Pueblos in Arizona and New Mexico. The Robert F. Cummings Philippine collection was transferred in December from Hall 9 to Hall H—the corresponding hall on the ground floor. Hall 9 has now been devoted to the ethnology and archaeology of South America. The ethnological collection was previously shown in Hall 8. A considerable amount of the archaeo- logical material now placed on exhibit had been stored since the open- ing of the new building, because of lack of space in Hall 8 which com- prised Mexico, Central and South America. This unfortunate con- dition, whereby the very fine collection of Inca pottery, the beautiful portrait-vases from northern Peru, and excellent material from Chile, Colombia, and La Plata Island were not accessible to the public, has now been remedied. Nineteen cases have been newly installed or reinstalled for this hall by Assistant Curator Thompson. Much of this material, now exhibited for the first time, is composed of Dr. A. L. Kroeber’s very fine collection made in Peru last year on the Captain Marshall Field First Archaeological Expedition to Peru, particularly the hitherto unknown culture named Sub-Nazca, as well as part of the collection made by Dr. J. Alden Mason during the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Colombia in 1924. Nearly all of the Ecuador collection is now exhibited for the first time. A number of cases previously installed have been carefully gone over, and the material sifted and reinstalled on light-colored screens. Ancient feather-work is displayed, framed under glass, on the north- east wall of the hall. The Museum’s archaeological collection from South America now compares favorably with any other collection from this area in the country. Peru, Colombia, Argentina, and Chile are particularly well represented. The archaeological collections (Cases 12-86) are arranged in geographical order ranging from Colombia as the northern-most area to Chile as the most southern area. An attempt has been made to follow the same principle of arrangement in the ethnological collections, but this work is not yet complete. Cases in Hall 8, now devoted entirely to Mexico and Central America, have been rearranged so that the exhibits progress from northern Mexico southward to Panama. The installation of the Arthur B. Jones Collection in Hall G has been completed this year, twenty-eight cases having been added to 82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. those installed during the previous year. The new exhibits include the ethnology of the Malay Peninsula, the Menangkabau of Sumatra, and the peoples of Java, Madura, Borneo, and Formosa. One of the group cases for this hall was likewise completed, showing a Menang- kabau bride and groom dressed with all paraphernalia for the day of their wedding. The faces, hands and feet of the two figures were modeled by Mr. John G. Prasuhn in the Modeling Section of the Department. Good progress has been made on a miniature Menang- kabau village group for which Mr. Charles A. Corwin has painted an effectual and colorful background. A life-size group of Bagobo weavers, consisting of five figures cast and modeled in the Museum, was completed this year and housed in a specially built-in case located at the east end between Halls G and H; in this manner access to this case is afforded from two sides. The Bagobo inhabit the Davao Gulf on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines, and are experts at making textiles from Manila hemp (Musa textilis). The various stages in this process are pic- turesquely illustrated by this group, from the initial preparation of the fibres and the spinning and dyeing of the threads to the weaving of the cloth on a hand loom and its polishing by means of a shell. Floor mats specially ordered in New Zealand and the handiwork of Maoris have been placed in the Maori council house (Hall F), which is thus complete. A sketch map of the South Seas, on which the particular island or locality represented in the exhibit is under- scored in red ink, has been placed in every case of the same hall, and large maps of the South Pacific have been distributed on the walls of this hall as well as of Joseph N. Field Hall. As foreshadowed in last year’s Report, the Edward E. Ayer Collection of Pewter was entirely reinstalled this year in a very efficient and satisfactory manner. Special wall-cases were built in Room 28 in the northeast corner of the second floor, and these are illuminated by encased top-lights concealed under ground glass, insuring an even diffusion of light over the exhibits. A light blue rep has been chosen for mounting the background and shelves, and the latter are so arranged that the objects placed on them are directly and fully exposed to the light. The material is grouped in 16 sections as follows: Sections 1-8, China; 1-2 (on west wall), Lamps and candlesticks; 3 (on north wall), Vases, figures, and altar sets; 4, Pewter engraved and inlaid with designs in brass; 5, Set of pewter objects used as a wedding gift and dower; 6, Bowls, dishes, and tea- pots; 7, Ancient tea-pots with knobs, handles and spouts of jade; JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 83 8, Wine-pots and vessels decorated with coconut-shell; 9 (on east wall), Trays, tea-pots, and tea-jars from Japan; 10 (on east wall), Pewter of United States and England; 11 (on south wall), Tankards, cups, ewers, chalices, bowls, dishes and bottles, from England; 12, Plates, trays, jugs, flasks, pitchers from France, Italy, and Sweden; 13, Communion plates, tea-pots. tankards, and guild cups from Austria, Bohemia, and Holland; 14, Milk containers, wine flasks, tankards, and guild cups from Germany; 15, Candlesticks, trays, pitchers, bowls, coffee-pots, tea-pots, tureens, and spoons from Germany; 16, Communion plates and other plates from the same country. In conformity with the plan to devote the East and West Gal- leries exclusively to China and Tibet, exhibits from Africa, India, Korea, and Siberia (including the Ainu) were removed from Hall 32 (West Gallery) and temporarily arranged in Hall E on the ground floor, so that the public may have access to them. In the two Gal- leries the windows were covered over and the wall spaces thus gained plastered and painted; these will make a convenient background for a display of framed paintings and textiles. The Hall of Oriental Theatricals (Hall I) has been abandoned, the various divisions of which it consisted having been assigned to the various halls to which the exhibits geographically belong. The Singhalese masks will now be found in Hall E; the Javanese puppet-show, orchestra, and actors’ costumes, in Hall G. The Chinese and Tibetan theatricals have been transferred to the south end of Hall 32. The religious drama showing the ten purgatories has been installed in a built-in case in this hall. Five cases were added to the Chinese exhibits. One of these illustrates music and musical instruments, and is shown together with the exhibits of theatricals. A noteworthy feature of this case is a complete series of pigeon-whistles with the names of their makers engraved on them. These whistles are fastened to the tail- feathers of pigeons, the instruments used in one flock being all tuned differently; when the flock of birds is on the wing, the wind striking the whistles sets them vibrating and thus produces a melo- dious open-air concert. Photographs of pigeons with the whistles attached, taken in Peking, and a mounted pigeon thus equipped accompany the exhibit. Other additions are a case containing ten bronze drums; three extraordinary and unique half life-size mortuary clay figures representing a princess of the Tang dynasty, surrounded by two ladies-in-waiting, the embroidered designs of the dresses being exquisitely painted in colors; and a wall-case of ancient glass 84 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REpPortTs, VOL. VII. including many colored beads and ornaments of the Tang period (A.D. 618-906). Warfare and weapons of China are illustrated in another case by self-loading repeating crossbows, clay bullet cross- bows, a series of eight old bows for testing the strength of candi- dates for military appointments, blow-pipe and spring-guns, sound- ing arrows, jingals, and the suit of armor of a Manchu prince, the single parts of the armor and accoutrements being spread out for analytic study, while suits as actually worn are shown in an adjoin- ing case. Many improvements have been made in rearranging the exhibits in the two Gallery Halls, but as the installation is not yet complete and much material remains to be placed on exhibition, the ultimate classification and grouping of cases must be left for the future. Re-arrangements were made in three cases of H. N. Higinbotham Hall, containing the gem collection. Skulls and skeletal material were unpacked from the cartons which had served as containers for transportation from the old into the new building, and were thoroughly cleaned. The material was checked, sorted and properly arranged in trays and labeled by the Assistant Curator. It is now placed in the new cabinets built in Room 385 last year. Cliff-dwellers’ models in Hall 7 and all casts of Maya sculptures in Hall 8 were repaired and retouched by Modeler Prasuhn. As previously stated, the group of Bagobo weavers and the life-size figures of the Menangkabau bride and groom were completed by him. During the course of the year thirteen portfolios were made for the safe-keeping of the acquired Egyptian fabrics. Eleven frames were made for Chinese paintings, rugs and tapestries, and one frame for Peruvian feather-work. Four Chinese and three Egyptian painted frescoes were properly treated, laid in cement and placed in frames under glass. By means of the electro-chemical process, 45 bronze implements were treated for malignant patina; 286 objects were restored or repaired: 96 from Africa, 76 from Kish, 41 from China, 48 from Java and Borneo, and 30 from Peru; and 6,057 numbers were marked on 4,323 objects. Sixteen exhibition cases were poisoned, and material stored in the Poison Room was taken care of in the usual manner. BotTany.—The exhibit of native plants, as maintained during the summer of 1924 (omitted in 1925) was reinstated in Stanley JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 85 Field Hall. The exhibit was similar to the earlier one described in the Annual Report, 1924, p. 318, with illustration opposite p. 280. This effort to popularize the study of our native plants and especially to instil in city children an appreciation of natural beauty, attracted a great deal of commendation not only from individuals but also from organizations such as the Wild Flower Preservation Society. It is hoped that it will be possible to make the exhibit an annual feature. In the Hall of Plant Life some important additions have been made with the installation of new material and reproductions of plants completed during the year in the Stanley Field Plant Repro- duction Laboratories. The immediate educational object of this hall is to give an idea, as far as can be shown in a museum, of the entire range of plant life and structure. At present the hall contains a display of plants from many parts of the world, many exotic and tropical as well as local temperate ones. The additions made during the past year may be considered typical of the policy pursued in respect to the selection of material for these exhibits. Wherever a well-known local species furnishes the most satisfactory illustration of the characters or appearance of a family or group of plants to be represented, a local species is selected, as in the case of. phlox, geranium or catkin-bearing trees such as the willows and oaks. Where a plant family has both local and exotic representatives, something of both may be shown, as in the case of the cacti where the common dune cactus of Indiana is associated with a larger sub-tropical species which furnishes the tuna fruit, and two other forms of cacti from Guiana and Trinidad respectively. Simi- larly in the case of lilies, the local white Trillium and common Wood- lily are shown in conjunction with the exotic Aloe, the Dracaena, gum from the Dragon’s-blood Tree, etc. Where, on the other hand, there is need for a choice between a native and an exotic plant the preference is given to the most representative one. Thus, among the birthworts the tropical Swan Flower is considered to represent its kind better than the native little herb commonly known as “Wild ginger,” even though the Wild ginger be better known to local botanists. In the ash-olive family the olive, for reasons of its economic importance, is preferred for exhibition rather than the native fringe-tree or ash, especially as the latter is more fully dis- played among the trees in the wood hall. The grape family has, in this manner, been illustrated by a reproduction of the eastern Fox-grape which reaches its western 86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII. limit at the Michigan dunes. As the parent stock, from which has been derived the Concord and other American cultivated grapes, it furnishes, at least in this section of the United States, the most interesting illustration of botanical characters of its group. In the course of time there will be added some typical clusters of a few other wild grapes and of some of the principal cultivated ones. The oaks have been represented by an acorn-bearing branch of the Bur-oak accompanied by a small flowering twig, as well as models showing on a larger scale the structure of the male and female flowers of this oak. In the same case are shown a selection of dried acorns, Kuropean and American chestnuts and a small branch of the chinquapin, the entire display representing the chest- nut oak-family as fully as space and material permit at present. For the geraniums, a local wild geranium has been added to the ~ case containing sorrel and the bilimbi branch. A beginning has been made on the barberry family with a reproduction of some May- apple plants in fruit. Through the cooperation of the Los Angeles Chamber of Com- merce, excellent material of the olive was provided, both preserved and fresh, which made it possible to reproduce with a minimum of difficulty a typical fruiting olive branch. The case devoted to the mallows has been reinstalled with the addition of two new models of plants, both of some economic importance, namely, a flowering and fruiting Okra plant and a fruiting stem of the “‘West Indian Sorrel,’’ the latter of which is interesting for its persistent and brilliantly colored calyx. A reproduction of a leaf and flowering stem of the Madagascar orchid commonly known as the “Star of Bethlehem” (Macroplec- trum) has been produced for the orchid case, thus adding another different type of orchid flower to those on display. The exhibit of. Aroids has been augmented by the addition of a fruiting stem of the Ceriman (Philodendron) with its large, perforated, deeply cleft leaves and curious habit of peeling its fruiting spikes at maturity, recalling that of the Panama hat palms. A cluster of Nagal dates has been added to the palm fruits in Hall 29. To the case of Proteas, hitherto insufficiently represented by the American Grevillea, and the so-called Australian oak, there has been added a flowering branch of the handsome “Boer’s Honey Pot” (Protea cynaroides). The mushroom collection has been augmented by the addition of a fine model of a Clavaria. Also a clump of a bright orange-colored bere JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 87 Clitocybe, the work of Mr. Pray of the Museum staff, by whom it was presented, was added to the collection. Mr. Pray has under way several other models of mushrooms which will, in the course of time, help to fill the need for a fuller display of the local fleshy fungi. Two plant families have always been extensively represented in the exhibits of the department, viz. the grasses and the palms. As long as a systematic botanical sequence of plant families was maintained in the exhibition halls no difficulties were encountered. With the rearrangement of the economic plant material on another basis, it became necessary to split the exhibits of the grass family, placing the grains, starches, etc., with the food-products in Hall 25, while much of the rest was placed with the fibers and paper-making material in Hall 28. In the case of the palm family, where most of the material was of a general botanical rather than special economic interest, a different procedure seemed to be indicated. Therefore the palm exhibits have been kept together and reinstalled with large additions resulting from the Stanley Field Guiana Expedition and others. With the addition, and in part substitution, by still further material of interest obtained during the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition of 1926, the Museum’s exhibit of palms becomes extensive and unique. It consists in a large part of very perfectly preserved dried plant material, even complete clusters of flowers and fruits, some of the latter weighing upwards of 100 pounds in their dried condition. Most of the chief genera are already represented. Supplemented by numerous photographs and by herbarium material, it gives promise of becoming a collection of considerable importance. The reinstallation of the economic botanical exhibits in Hall 25 has continued. Attention was given especially to the sugars, starches, edible oils and the small grains. An improvement in the method of display has been made by the removal of all bottles and jars, also the trays, the contents of which cannot be seen properly above the level of the eye. The products, particularly the most perishable ones, those subject to change from oxidation, deliquescence or insect injury, have been permanently sealed in glass tubes of a suitable diameter varying somewhat with the products. These tubes set vertically, each properly supported in its own label block, provide a high degree of visibility as well as protection for the contents. This method also facilitates the arrangement of the material in any manner desired in a vertical case, for example, in the form of a flow- 88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPorRTS, VOL. VII. sheet, which was not possible with the linear series of trays and bot- tles on shelves. In the case of closely related products, or products from the same source, their arrangement with reference to each other or in relation to their production or manufacture, adds greatly to the intelligibility and interest of their display. The steps in the manufacture of cane sugar are shown in one-half of a standard case, the process being represented by 23 samples arranged more or less in the form of a flow-sheet. The by- products, alcohol, rum, vinegar and paper from the bagasse, are also shown. The main label briefly summarizes the process, and a world distribution map, appropriately colored, shows the chief localities where sugar cane is cultivated. The beet sugar process is shown in the half-case adjoining the cane sugar. Beginning with the sugar beet, the process, somewhat differ- — ent from that of cane sugar, is portrayed 1 in 21 steps arranged as in the preceding exhibit. In one-half of another case have been displayed various grades of sugar from the world’s markets together with a variety of sugars in their original native packages. The collecting of these samples has extended over many years and countries including Java, the Philippines, Peru, Mexico, Egypt, etc. In the other half of the same case specimens of all the known sugars of importance, viz. cane, beet, maple, corn, grape, etc., have been placed for comparison. In addi- tion there are displayed such rare sugars as levulose and mannose, some of which are seldom seen outside the laboratory. In another case have been installed a series of samples of the edible vegetable oils, also sealed in glass tubes and associated with a specimen showing the botanical source of each. From this exhibit it may be seen that there are about 15 edible oils of vegetable origin in use in the United States. The starches have been treated in a simile manner, the seven principal commercial starches being displayed conspicuously in large tubes, while some twenty other starches, of more or less importance in their respective localities, are less prominent in smaller quantities in smaller tubes. During the course of the year, products made from corn, now occupying an entire case, were reinstalled and brought up to date. These include corn oil, gluten, starch and various derivatives and preparations from starch such as envelope gum, corn sugar, alcohol and corn whiskey. As in the case of the sugar-making exhibit, the products are sealed in tubes arranged in the form of a flow-sheet. JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 89 A general label describes the process, and a diagram of an enlarged corn kernel shows the percentages of the various products. In the center of the corn-producing area of the United States such a corn products exhibit should be of interest to many visitors. A beginning has been made on the exhibit covering the small grains and their products, the process of milling, ete. The herbarium work, apart from the usual organization routine of current accessions, has included some further progress in the study of the Peruvian collections by botanists at other institutions, as recorded in two previous Annual Reports. The study of the Myr- taceae, first undertaken by Mr. E. P. Killip, United States National Museum, has been transferred at his request, to Dr. M. Burrett of the Botanical Garden and Museum of Berlin. Mr. L. B. Smith of the Gray Herbarium is determining the Bromeliaceae. Mr. G. K. Merrill of Rockland, Maine, has reported on the lichens collected by Dr. G. S. Bryan, and Mr. R. 8. Williams, of the New York Botanical Garden, studied the mosses. These specialists indi- eated a number of new species, and Mr. Williams prepared a paper on his group which is being published by the Museum. A short paper by Mr. J. F. Macbride, dealing for the most part with the Peruvian flowering plants, including a review of the South American species of Parosela, has also been prepared for publication. Dr. Paul C. Standley of the United States National Museum has contributed determinations for the majority of the Gaumer collections of Yucatan (cf. Annual Report of the Director for 1925, p. 445), but the preparation of sets for exchange has not yet been completed. -Loans made or returned during the year, apart from Peruvian material that brought up to date the organization of respective groups in the herbarium, included the following: Two-hundred thirty specimens of Helianthus to Mr. E. E. Watson, East Lansing, Michigan; 1,505 sheets of Scrophulariaceae to Dr. F. W. Pennell, The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; 821 specimens of Rosacarolina and allies to Dr. Eileen W. Erlansen, Ann Arbor, Michigan; 68 Pipers to Dr. W. Trelease, Urbana, Illinois; 57 specimens of Elodea to Dr. St. John, Pullman, Washington. Notable among the visitors to the herbarium who remained to study was Dr. Bruce Fink of Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, the distinguished lichenist, who worked over the entire collection of lichens, making any necessary changes in determinations. 90 “FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. GEOLOGY.—Two cases were temporarily installed in Stanley Field Hall, and two of a more permanent nature were also placed there. To make room for these, the exhibit of mineral colors was dismantled and removed, as well as the exhibit of South American fossils in a floor case which was discontinued. One of the new exhibits installed illustrates the evolution of the modern horse. A series of skulls and limb bones of the successive members of the horse family, from the little Eohippus of Eocene age, to the modern Equus is shown in this ease. The increase in size of the developing types, the growing complexity of the teeth, and the advancing predominance of the middle toe of these animals in the course of evolution, are all illus- trated by specimens. In addition, a model, one-fifth of natural size, is shown of each type. In the other geological wall-case installed in this hall, a com- parative representation is made of fossil and modern plants and ani- mals. Altogether, 56 specimens are shown in this exhibit, of which 30 are in the fossil state, 22 are modern forms, and 4 are models of modern forms. So far as possible, each fossil form has its nearest identical modern form placed beside it. The most ancient fossil form is also used so far as possible. There are also illustrated some of the types such as Trilobites and Eurypterids which have become entirely extinct and thus have no modern representatives. .The dwindling of forms, such as that of the plants known as “horse tails’ (Hquisetae) and club mosses (Lycopods) during the passage of time is illustrated, as is also what are known as “immortal” types, of which the genera Lingula and Pleurotomaria are examples. These have remained unchanged through millions of years. Geological cases temporarily installed in the hall included one containing dinosaur eggs and skulls, and photographs illustrating the field work of the Third Asiatic Expedition. Another one included specimens of agates, amethysts, geodes and various crystallized minerals from South America collected by Associate Curator Nichols on the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition of 1926. In Hall 34, minerals to the extent of 40 specimens presented by Mr. W. J. Chalmers were installed in their appropriate places in the systematic and crystal collections. In connection with this installa- tion, the crystal collection was reinstalled after thorough cleaning of the cases. Two cases of concretions in this hall were also reinstalled in order to introduce some new material and give a more systematic arrange- JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 91 ment. The large iron meteorite from Navajo, Arizona, obtained during the year, was installed in a single case adjacent to the larger one of the same fall. In Buckingham Hall, pyramidal screens were constructed for two of the map tables, and the relief maps of the Chicago Plain, Niagara Falls, Hawaiian Islands and Porto Rico were installed on them. The inclined position given the maps by this method of installation enables them to be more readily examined than they were as previously mounted. The model of a large modern brickyard, which was begun last year, was completed and placed on exhibition in Hall 36. The model is a reproduction, on a scale of 121% feet to the inch, of Yard No. 22 of the Illinois Brick Company at Blue Island, Illinois. In front and to the right of the model are shown the clay pits from which the clay for the bricks is obtained. The bricks are made in the group of buildings near the center, and are burned in kilns in the long sheds at the rear. On the right a large steam shovel is shown which digs the clay and loads it into cars, to be moved by locomo- tives to the incline leading to the upper floor of the building near the center. The cars are represented pulled by cable to the top of the building, where there are two unloading machines which empty their contents into hoppers, through which the clay falls to the ma- chines on the lower floor. The clay is shown molded by the stiff mud process, being forced through rectangular dies at the end of a hollow cylinder. Forced through the dies, it is caught on a moving belt on which it lies in the form of a long, square-edged column of the cross section of a brick. As it moves with the belt it is cut to brick length by wire cutters mounted on a wheel. From the cutter, another belt takes the fully-shaped bricks and carries them the length of a long room. Men are illustrated taking the bricks from the moving belt and piling them in an open work pattern on small cars. The cars of green brick are then run to the dryers, which are two low buildings shown behind and on either side of the machines. One of the dryers is represented with the roof removed to show the interior. After drying, the dried, unburned bricks are shown run on larger cars to the long kiln sheds in the rear. In these sheds is shown a special form of overhead crane which takes each pile of brick from its car and places it in its proper posi- tion in the larger piles called kilns, in which the bricks are burned. 92 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. As already mentioned, the kilns are shown in the long sheds at the rear of the model. Five kilns in various stages of erection or demolition are shown. There are also shown freight cars loading bricks for removal, oil tanks in which oil for burning the bricks is stored, a water tower, office building, machine shop and various other accessory features which form a part of the equipment of the working plant. The latter include models of 100 trucks, 2 loco- motives and 50 workmen. The construction of the model was the work of Valerie Legault, Preparator in the Department of Geology. The skill and accuracy of his work are highly commendable. The drawings and plans according to which the model was built were made by Associate Curator Nichols. President William Schlake of the Illinois Brick Company presented the case in which the model is exhibited, and gave free access to the plant for studying its features and use of all drawings and plans which might be of assistance. Superintendent Lambert and Foreman Aregood of the Plant also freely furnished information and assistance during the construction of the model. Two cases were removed from Hall 36 in order to make room for a model illustrating diamond mining which is in course of construc- tion. The contents of the case of by-products of coal in the same hall were removed, carefully cleaned, renovated and then reinstalled. In the Hall of Historical Geology, Hall 38, a number of verte-. brate fossils have been installed, these being chiefly specimens from South America collected by the Captain Marshall Field Paleonto- logical Expedition in 1922-3. These specimens were placed on exhibition as fast as they were prepared. They include a skull and jaws of the large fossil sloth, Scelidodon, and a skull and jaws of the extinct South American horse, Equus andiwm. To the large Glyp- todon carapace, previously exhibited, were added skull and jaws, and tail and limbs, thus completing the exhibit. Of the specimens received from the Third Asiatic Expedition, seven dinosaur eggs, a skull of the dinosaur, Protoceratops, and a skull and other bones of the same species in matrix, together with photographs illustrating the occurrence of the fossils, were installed in a separate case. This exhibit was for a time placed in Stanley Field Hall and later removed to Hall 38. The skull and jaws of the large titanothere, Dolichorhinus, also received from this Expedition, were installed adjoining the American representatives of this group, in Hall 88, as was also a cast of the skull of the great extinct Asiatic carnivore, Andrewsarchus. The case containing fossil crinoids and JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 93 models of dinosaurs exhibited for a time in Stanley Field Hall was later removed, with its contents, to Hall 38. Two large casts, one of the Glyptodon and one of the skull and tusks of Stegodon were removed from the hall. The fossil pine cones and branches, and fossil invertebrates from Argentina, previously exhibited in Stanley Field Hall, were also placed in their stratigraphic order in Hall 38. Work in the laboratory of Vertebrate Paleontology during the year was largely devoted te preparation of material collected in South America by the Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expe- ditions of 1923-4. Specimens of this collection prepared for exhibition during the year were the following:—Of the Glyptodon, a carapace of which was previously mounted: a skull and lower jaws, tail sheath, two tibias and fibulas, two ulnae-radii, one front foot, and nine caudal vertebrae; one ulna-radius and one front foot modeled from these; of the great sloth, Scelidodon: a skull and lower jaws, a foreleg and foot and a series of cervical vertebrae; of the South American horse, Equus andium: a skull and lower jaws; of Parahippus: a forefoot; of Macrauchenia: two ulnae-radii, one pelvis and one foot; of Bor- hyaenia: two skulls and a pair of lower jaws; of Cladosictis: one skull; of Nesodon: ulna, radius and foot bones; most important of all, of the South American Mastodon: a skull and lower jaws and tusks, the latter five feet in length. Three life-sized figures illustrating typical Brazilian diamond miners were modeled by Mr. Prasuhn of the Department of Anthro- pology for the Department of Geology. These figures were based in part on poses from life and on details shown in photographs made by the Curator of Geology in the Bahia, Brazil, diamond fields in 1928. The figures are to form a part of a group illustrating typical methods of diamond mining in Brazil. In the chemical laboratory the work of restoring bronzes from Kish by electrical treatment was continued by Associate Curator Nichols up to the time of his departure for South America. He restored sixty-one bronzes and the work was afterwards continued by Mr. Prasuhn. Results of the operation continue to be satisfactory. A treatise on the methods employed has been partially prepared by Mr. Nichols for publication by the Museum. Six meteorites (four iron and two stone) were sent to the United States National Museum for sectioning, and a number of sections were made. Later, some of these were etched in the Museum laboratory. 94 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpPoRTS, VOL. VII. ZOOLOGY.—The new installations in the Department of Zoology were fewer in number and less noteworthy than were the reinstalla- tions, completed or still under way. Other important changes were made that added much to the interest and educational value of the exhibits. A notable reinstallation was inaugurated in Hall 16, which con- tains the groups of North American mammals, whereby all of the four-sided cases will be replaced by built-in cases with but one or two sides of glass and curved backgrounds on which scenes of the habitats of the specimens exhibited can be painted. The adoption of this new type of case for groups will result in the elimination of objectionable glass reflections, in a considerable saving in exhibition area, and permit of a much more effective representation of the natural environment of the animals. On each side of the eastern ~ end of the hall, three of the new style cases were built; the four end cases will have glass on two sides, while the two middle ones will have but one glass side each. In one of the two larger middle cases, a long delayed group of American Elk will soon be installed, the back- ground for it having been painted by Mr. C. A. Corwin. The other cases are to accommodate some of the groups now on exhibition and others yet to be completed. Two spaces on each side of the eastern end of Hall 16 were unsuitable for exhibits, therefore they were enclosed and made into excellent two-view group cases. In one, the group of Stone’s Moun- tain Sheep was reinstalled with the addition of an appropriate back- ground painted by Mr. Corwin. Some changes were also made in the groundwork and grouping of the animals. By means of this reinstallation the group has been made more attractive and a better representation is given of the animals’ natural surroundings. In the other new case, opposite the Mountain Sheep, a new and pleasing group of five Rocky Mountain Goats, mounted by Mr. Julius Friesser and Mr. A. G. Rueckert, of the Museum staff, was installed. The background and the rock accessories depict accurately the high, bleak home of these animals. For the inauguration of a hall of Asiatic mammal groups, two one-view, built-in cases were constructed in the east end of Hall 17, which in the meantime, contains exhibits of skeletons. A group of Marco Polo Sheep and a group of Ibex will be the first to be installed in the new hall. These are probably the two most interesting ani- mals collected by the James Simpson-Roosevelt Asiatic Expedition. The background for the Ovis poli group has been painted by Mr. JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 95 Corwin, and some work by the same artist has also been done on the background for the Ibex group. The reinstallation of the exhibits in Hall 16 required the removal of most of the groups to make room for the new cases. It also necessitated the dividing of the four-section case containing the noted four-season groups of the Virginia or White-tailed Deer, the work of the late Carl E. Akeley. These were placed along opposite sides of the hall so that now the groups of the four seasons can be easily compared. They were further improved by covering them with a low eurved hood in order to conceal the lights. To render the lighting still more effective, the cases were paneled at the top. This work, as well as other changes and additions in the hall, made these cases inaccessible to the public for a number of months. The groups, however, are being cleaned, and in a few weeks they will again be exhibited. To the exhibit of mammals arranged in their systematic order in Hall 15, a reinstalled case of North American rodents was added. As each rodent is mounted on an artificial groundwork base, instead of the polished mahogany bases formerly used, the reinstallation is therefore more natural and pleasing. Ten new cases were made available for replacing the old style cases in use in this hall. The group of excellent reproductions of the American Crocodiles in the west end of Hall 19 was transferred to a similar built-in case on the opposite side, and to it was added a background painted by Mr. Corwin. Not only does the addition of the background make the group more attractive, but it helps greatly to indicate the nature of the country in which these cold-blooded vertebrates live. Noteworthy as an appropriate addition to the Museum’s ex- hibits were the three life-size, bronze groups of African natives spearing a lion, installed in the south end of Stanley Field Hall. These groups which, with their bases, were presented to the Museum by Mr. Richard T. Crane, Jr., are appropriate in that the Museum possesses more mounted single mammals and groups, representing the skillful and artistic work of the late Carl EH. Akeley, than any other institution or individual. In order to describe these bronze groups, a special zoology leaflet with three photogravures, entitled “Lion Spearing,’’ was written by Mr. Akeley and published by the Museum. Much interest having been shown by the public in the results of the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition, a temporary exhibit was made in Stanley Field Hall of some of the most attractive 96 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. birds, mammals (including the skin of the Jaguar shot by Mrs. Field), reptiles and insects. In the north end of the same hall a model of the new Chicago Zoological Park, near Riverside, Illinois, was placed on exhibition and attracted much attention. Considerable progress was made on exhibition work of a pre- paratory nature on mammals, birds, fishes and insects. Several mammals also have been completed and are ready for installation. These include a group of Cobus Antelope and a cellulose-acetate reproduction of a Hippopotamus. The reference collections have been improved in various ways. While being catalogued, many birds were identified and distributed wherever room was available. To relieve the crowded condition of the reference collections of birds and mammals, four two-section, large metal storage cases with sliding doors were purchased. In the division of osteology 2,037 skulls and skeletons were cleaned. Crates and cartons of osteological material to the number of 54 were un- packed, their contents placed in individual boxes, labeled, indexed and then distributed. THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION At the close of the year, 965 cases were available for loaning to the schools of Chicago. Of this total, 57 were prepared during the period under review. In addition to these cases there are a number in various stages of completion, as well as several that had to be repaired and others in which the installation required attention. During the school-year 1926-1927, scheduled loans of cases are being made to 871 schools, an increase of 18 schools over the previous year’s schedule. In carrying out the plan of loaning two cases to each school for a period of two school-weeks 742 are in daily use. The list of schools, etc. to which cases are being loaned include: 326 elementary schools; 3 junior high; 18 senior high; 3 technical high; 8 continuation schools; 1 normal; 1 parental; 1 reform school for boys; 3 private schools; 3 Catholic schools; 4 branches of Y. M. C. A.; 1 orphan asylum; 2 community centers; 1 boy’s club; and 1 branch of the public library. In order to deliver these cases to the various institutions, etc. by means of two trucks, the city is divided into two sections. Interest in the cases and a desire for their useis not only increasing in the field for which they were originally intended—viz. the public schools of Chicago—but beyond the city as shown by the steadily erowing number of requests to have them delivered regularly. As Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate XII ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIAN WHEAT Estimated to be 5,500 years old These cleaned kernels were contained in a jar found during excavations of Sumerian remains by the Field Museum-Oxford University Joint Expedition Captain Marshall Field Fund ERRATUM:-—Plate XII, Ancient Mesopotamian Wheat, description should read ‘‘These charred kernels’’ instead of ‘‘cleaned kernels. ”’ JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 97 in previous years, requests for the loan of cases were received from sources other than schools, and fulfilled, including the following: 11 eases loaned to the Chicago Art Institute, for use in the juvenile classes; 12 cases exhibited at the annual show of the Wild Flower Pre- servation Society of America; 10 cases of bird subjects put on ex- hibition in the book section of Marshall Field & Company, in order to stimulate interest in books on birds. At the request of the Secretary, Bureau of Parks, Playgrounds and Beaches, of the City of Chicago, 24 cases were placed on exhibition at the Municipal Pier. These were attractively installed and proved of considerable interest to a great number of visitors to the pier. At the suggestion of its president, 4 ceases were loaned for two weeks to the Nashville Art Association with the object of fostering interest in the natural history museum there. The Director of the New York State Museum at Albany requested the loan of four cases for demonstrating before legislative committees, etc., the desirability of relating and emphasizing the work of the museum (in this respect) with the schools of the State of New York. Mr. A. W. Harris generously provided funds to enable the Mu- seum to accept an invitation to exhibit a number of cases of the Harris Extension at the Sesquicentennial Exposition, for which pur- pose 22 cases were selected. Those chosen not only represented structural types in use, but also a wide diversity of subjects of natural history and economics that have been and are being studied in the schools of Chicago. Labels were prominently displayed on the cases, and there were also distributed and mailed to teachers and educational institutions in Pennsylvania and neighboring states, 20,000 illustrated pamphlets describing the foundation of the Depart- ment and the system it follows in preparing and loaning cases. ART RESEARCH CLASSES The classes in research from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago visited the Museum daily. Statistics prove that the enroll- ment is increasing annually. The lead given by Field Museum and the Art Institute, whereby museum material is used direct for class work, is now beginning to be followed up by other institutions. The work of the class in research is proving highly educational, and it is considered a new move in the educational field. _ The large portfolio in research compiled by Mr. Wilkins is re- garded as the only book of its kind published in the United States. There has been a considerable demand however, for a cheaper book on the same subject. To meet this call a smaller book, containing 98 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. 46 plates, 10 of which are colored, was compiled by the same author, and it is suitable for use in junior and senior high schools. A motion picture film, showing the study of art research in the Museum, has been released in the Pathé Review, and sanctioned by the New York office of Pathé, this picture will be shown throughout the United States. PUBLICITY GENERAL.—During the last few years the scope of the Publicity work has been enlarged to include the aims and functions of the Museum, in order to create a closer relationship between the public and the Institution. To ensure this, international as well as national and local mediums were used. The greatest emphasis, however, was laid upon local efforts. The principal aim of the work is to instil an | interest and a desire on the part of the citizens of Chicago and visi- tors to the city to visit the Institution. Not only were attempts made to attract the public to the Museum through arousing an interest in its exhibits and activities, but especial efforts were made to acquaint the stranger to the city with the ways to reach the Museum. Various advertising mediums were generously placed at the disposal of the Museum without charge, and this opportunity is taken to extend the eae of the Institution to the donors of the space. PRESS PUBLICITy.—An average of three news stories, many supplemented with illustrations, appeared each week in the Chicago daily newspapers. These articles ranged in length from items of fifty or sixty words to half or full column stories, or in some cases. full page feature articles dealing with the more important activities of the Museum. It may be conservatively estimated that the accomplishments of the Institution were brought to the attention of the entire reading public of the United States and Canada, as well as the readers of the leading foreign newspapers, during the year under review. National and international news and pictorial agencies which distributed information pertaining to the Museum during 1926 included the following: Associated Press, United News, United Press Associations, Newspaper Enterprise Association, North American Newspaper Alliance, Western Newspaper Union, Inter- national News Service, Universal Service, Consolidated Press, Central Press Association, Underwood & Underwood, International Newsreel, Pacific and Atlantic, Acme, Wide World Photos, and Kadel and Her- JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 99 bert. Through cooperation with foreign news agencies Field Museum news of educational and general interest was given publicity abroad by leading European and Asiatic news bureaus, including Exchange Telegraph, Central News, Reuter’s, Agence Radio, Rosta, British United Press, Nippon, Dempo, and Havas, as well as other agencies operating in various parts of the world. Throughout the year leading popular magazines, as exemplified by the Cosmopolitan and Liberty, as well as scientific periodicals, gave a great deal of space and commendation to the general activi- ties of the Museum. ADVERTISING.—As in the previous year, the Chicago Rapid Transit Company kindly displayed in the various elevated stations a series of six colored posters depicting Museum exhibits. The same company and the Illinois Central Railroad also displayed placards announcing the lecture courses delivered during the spring and autumn. Overhead posters, advertising the Museum, were printed by the Chicago Surface Lines at their own expense, and displayed in the street cars. Through the courtesy of the Inland Advertising Company, the Illinois Central Railroad continued to devote advertising space in its suburban trains to the Museum. Posters were distributed to libraries, schools and other institu- tions to advertise the spring and autumn lecture courses for adults. Similar use was made of posters advertising children’s courses. Through the continued courtesy of the Clyde W. Riley Adver- tising System, the Museum utilized a page in each program used by the eighteen theatres whose programs are controlled by the System. The officials of the Auditorium Theatre showed their continued interest in the Museum by including a page advertisement in each program issued during the 1926 season of the Chicago Civic Opera, the space being secured through the interest of President Field. DIRECTION FoLpDERS.—A form !etter was sent to an average of fifty convention chairmen or secretaries every month, inviting them and members of the convention to visit the Museum. With each invitation letter was enclosed a circular containing brief in- formation concerning the service rendered to the public by the Institution. Direction cards and folders also received wide distri- bution through the courtesy of local hotels, information booths and railroad stations. The Chicago Rapid Transit Company kindly placed 50,000 folders advertising the Museum in the elevated trains for distribution to the general public. 100 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII. DIVISION OF PRINTING The increasing usefulness of the Division of Printing was again indicated by the numerous demands made uponit for work. Although 3,665 more exhibition labels and over 182,000 more impressions of a general character were printed than in the previous year, neverthe- less it was not possible to give all the work prompt attention. The following publications were printed and bound during the period under review: Regular Publication: Series... ..... si... ce06 «0 a eee 12,426 copies TaeafleteSeri@s. 34 oo. 6). sie wk ees Ore eee ee 2 1s a aia Memoirs Series). oo 66. on a ee 1s as Museum Manual) i/o 0 ieee ee Eile eee ee 5,000 * GeneralsGurd eres yey hen ean ee Ae ae Si ae Oke SY.) 2000". Descriptive Booklet for Membership. ..<-42 20. = eee S000") 5 Anthropology, Guide No. 6 to the Ethnology of Polynesian and: Micronesian Islands... .22 /. 43) ee 5,000 = ‘* Rules and Regulations for Expeditions................... 200 .,)** Fublication Price:List 20; osc. See oe eee 300°: |“ Geographic’ Society: Year ‘Book .2.. 0.2. 4..5 2a ee eee 2-060“ Pictorial: Post Cardi Albums ..)255.24).6 0.022 eee POREO9) «7 Reproductions of Antiquities of Ancient Ireland.......... 3000). ** Total ei Wisk. bec uiet Wetec ee 77,279 copies The number of labels and other impressions follows: Exhibition Other Labels Impressions ANCHTOPOlOR YY oe ie eo Ga A Sh Ueda alraatl Rape a ee ieee 3,923 4,300 Botany ce nde Dace Woe Saabs gle ay on a a a ae 2,458 8,275 Geolo sys Gt iene Wa ek Bete crore ailee Bee LES eee 1,187 3,653 ZiO OVO LY yeaa Ne er ae ee RR NS RC 2,059 16,985 Harris MXtension Ueda die ae eens a hs 317 24,370 Generals 8 iss eh leh Out oe ena rr 596,449 Geographic (Society of Chicago... 3. 6025 oO. oe oo ee 59,400 OG ALT eee eet ee ata AINE Rk Airs CEN tae ere 9,944 713,432 The size of the Museum’s regular publications necessitated the use of plates that did not always do justice to the objects illustrated. Therefore, a quarto series, measuring 9” x 12” and entitled Anthro- pological Memoirs, was inaugurated. This quarto publication not only makes it possible to illustrate large specimens to good advan- tage, but the larger and wider margins make it much more legible and pleasing. No additions to the equipment were made during the year. . “uLMa09, ‘y ‘9 &q punoasyoeg “$4038 AA ‘TI UOOrT Aq peonpoadary ee : UOI{Ipedx UBdIIoULY [eajUaD plely [feysaey, ureydeg svinpuoyy ‘VAvULedL, Oye] A MIdO000u) NVOLUANV 5 Ag RR er aS” \a - IITX °+8[d ‘ITA “LOA ‘8}40d0y AAOYSIFT [RANJEN JO unosny, ple] JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 101 DIVISION OF PHOTOGRAPHY, ROENTGENOLOGY AND ILLUSTRATION PHOTOGRAPHY.—The total number of lantern slides, negatives, and prints made by the Division during the year amounted to 13,655. The following tabulation is a summary of the work performed: Number Number Number Number of of of of Negatives Lantern Negatives Prints Developed Slides Made Made for Field Made Expeditions PRETO OLOPN So coo, ole oie oaks Soote eines 5 555 2,621 EDV eee scl Ne oh ac eee ea 91 if 132 “SB GGRT 02 be BARNS eae ee 121 1,149 96 OTE ll IO Se ae er 57 185 1,447 ote lamers StCMSION 2 oe. he ey 40 146 Bea: LEVEE). 0) 22 es 358 906 42 atic schools... ee ke ee oe 1,194 le het Se Be CT A i oe as oc) a civ oo sls eles 8 89 1,251 USAR Ee ND ae ee 3 tis 923 Be kw alte be be oy. mee 635 EIGHOSEAVUTE. cc). fcc ke ee oe wae 214 278 Mutat tors ee ie eo 1,267 1,653 10,087 648 ROENTGENOLOGY.—An important installation made during the year is the completely equipped x-ray laboratory, marking a new departure in museum practice. President Field personally financed the equipment of the laboratory, which has been developed as a division of roentgenology in charge of Miss Anna Reginalda Bolan. So far as is known Field Museum is the only institution of its kind to be equipped with a complete x-ray service. The object of this new division is to aid in the examination, classification and differentiation of natural history specimens. The scope of the work will extend to all the departments of the Museum. PHOTOGRAVURE.—The number of photogravures made during the year exceeded the total for 1925 by 218,686. The following indi- cates the work of the division during the year: Number of Prints PREM GORE OMUNGIGCCLOD. bic craic ccd cies ere hee'oieis os ee hese ee bes 77,600 Beane GlenrSCEAGLONS ej hiciais cas a sce baie als Von oleae ole @ acawiave 338,000 Pietunesbost Gard Albums id ceo ck ecw och ced eeecee ce 99,600 Post Cards of Field Museum. Mp r aero ee cite tin Nea cs wre 18,000 Micrmabersiipy MEAIB ES 0s rc oe ae 0 oye wih ale dae aie aie 1,000 IIMIATUTETG Ards Ny Cr aay ig aia hates eb e's 36,000 SEHOGN Candee wor no ata aioe he a elke ee ei edetie Bo 153,000 102. FistD Museum of NatTuraL HistoRy—REporTs, VOL. VII. '*. ArRTIst.—The following is a resumé of the work executed by this division during the period under review: Drawings madee ee Pe en a a ee 274 Lantern slides':colored)) 32300 ue ee ee 619 Photographs retouched. 5 ciie.). 0.3 oo: oe 54 Negatives blocked Nejc oe a a ae ee eee 98 Maps drawn io) ce dosed eine = Sm ei 9 Miscellaneous items mades: is. 0.0.56. vs ese ee 13 Total. occa Cb sles phielad «ses ob oe 5 eee ee 1,067 ATTENDANCE During the year the Museum was visited by 930,571 persons, which is approximately 207,621 more than the figure for 1925. From the statistics it may be inferred that the past year has been the most successf{ul—as regards attendance—in the history of the Institution. The fact that more people have visited the Museum during the last five years, than in the seventeen years when it was located in Jackson Park, proves beyond doubt the advantage of the new location over the old site. This increased interest in the Museum serves as an impetus and inspiration to members of the staff to increase and per- fect the means of disseminating knowledge. An analysis of the ad- missions is made elsewhere in this report. Herewith are also submitted financial statements, lists of acces- sions, names of members, etc. D. C. DAVIES, Director. JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 103 ATTENDANCE STATISTICS AND DOOR RECEIPTS FROM JANUARY 1, 1926, TO DECEMBER 31, 1926 beer P NE CHIL UNCO Se ok ye ae ee er ee PeMMP PERE ANCE ies ke kh whe ack eee oe ee es 136,741 Free Admissions on Pay Days: SIP LGIDE s 23 beige ek ae Cv Dear Pa el 16,872 SHEL CHSC [ey 1 Te Eh ALG AS tent 41,617 “SEAS ETIST ESI, (5 SE, a aE Rs BO la 1,416 “oo EAST DIBIRS Ae en Gh Pete le eg oe 1,108 Special (account Eucharistic Congress, June, 1926)... 25,160 Admissions on Free Days: PMRERES OR DSCC A) ie os coils ay hte Sieieic aye si viale eyerel gate alu e's 87,715 PeMRTEEAUNTON (Chics fe 2s Ca eSk 8 [asratsaas ea ole wiale Sitie Stata lo"s oyeleie's 194,711 SPT AG 5 Aa aie A ese oO Re Uae RE TR 425,231 Highest Attendance on any day (June 20, 1926)......... 54,024 Lowest Attendance on any day (March 31, 1926)........ 126 Highest Paid Attendance (June 22, 1926)............... 7,420 Average Daily Admissions (865 days).................- 2,549 Average Paid Admissions (209 days).............00000. 654 MOUEMICTION GUIGeS SOLG 0 65 sk eee eae tce cheese nee 7,350 mimanMer or Articles checked... 0... 06.2 c eect cece 21,144 Number or Picture Postal Cards sold...........0.6.000: 76,904 Sales of Publications, Leaflets, Handbooks and Photographs $3,221.90 930,571 104 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII. GENERAL FUND STATEMENT OF CASH RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS AT DECEMBER 31, 1926 Balance, December'S1, 1925... 0. 6 os 01s 6.0 0's cc clelcivieiele sient RECEIPTS Income—Endowment, General, Miscellaneous and door receiptscte a. Uae Arte aie ee oe $ 309,396.71 South. Park: Commissignersce. yee ee A eee 177,432.05 Sundry: Receiptsnacs coin saa eae ee 12,631/21 Memberships) és: Soe Cree bo teen oueicicve store ee 77,905.00 Contributions, 22 23 fae ee ee ee ee 329,931.18 Sales.of Securities, oho. es ate es we Rae 691,648.86 DISBURSEMENTS Operating Mixpenses.: cise io as Ged ale eens $ 461,558.91 Wxpeditions ie i oe cee re ee ee eae 120,540.01 Collections; Purchasediiti 25 Son ne ee Gee 113,521.77 Furniture and Wixtures; (ei ie eee ee 12,024.60 Securities Purchaseay 200 PM eee ae a ei ee 855,217.05 Annuities on ‘Contingent Gifts... 2. eee eee ee 39,665.00 $1,602,527.34 fransterred to Sinking Mund. 5.42 soci eee 12,900.00 Overdraft, December 31, 1926.............. ...$15,895.47 © $1,598,945.01 $1,614,840.48 $1,615,427.34 $ 586.86 JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 105 THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENSES FOR THE YEAR 1926 INCOME Interest and Dividends on Investments................ $21,188.61 Amount transferred from Reserve Fund............... : 0 $22,413.41 EXPENSES UM EPIC TIC TISCS aA Oh Ste as eo kB erates a siraie Elatais esas Mise es Bead $22,463.96 euctertatte December ol, 1926 ooo. cic csc divcwese ccc sce tecgeuen $50.55 STANLEY FIELD PLANT REPRODUCTION FUND STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENSES FOR THE YEAR 1926 See RPE CCOCTMNOP LOZ oc bicic ies oie Sn hein cine cles es cece eels s $ 927.56 Contributions by Stanley HielavaUring-b9ZG.7 4. ee eee ee ois 13,193.66 $14,121.22 MEE THISIME SO EHSCS LOD Oi oh eo tpi s Ne Selanc ohoae cigiers 4K Rats ifs! Diekeia te 13,587.57 mememice--Pyecemper. ob, L926 6 os se he Asdice e's clmae wewees $ 533.65 106 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII. ACCESSIONS DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY ADVENTURERS’ CLUB OF CHI- CAGO. 50 objects: wood carvings, carved stones, bone needles, tapa and skulls—Easter Island (gift). AMERICAN FRIENDS OF CHINA, Chicago. 2 objects: 1 brocaded imperial tapestry and 1 imperial chair- cover of tapestry weave—China (gift). ARTS CLUB OF CHICAGO. 5 objects: 1 wooden figure of man, French Congo; 1 wooden female figure and 1 stringed musical instrument, Sudan; 1 wooden figure, New Caledonia; 1 wood- en figure, New Zealand (gift). 1 carved and lacquered wooden dragon screen, 10 feet, 4% inches high, 7 feet, 9 inches wide—Peking, China (gift). AYER, EDWARD E., Chicago. 1 old pewter jar with punched de- signs—China (gift). 3 pewter objects: 1 lotus dish, Tang period; 1 decorated tea-pot, 18th century, and 1 tea-pot— China and Japan (gift). 10 objects of pewter: 1 tray, 3 boxes, 1 tea-pot, 1 vase, 1 cen- ser in shape of dragon, 2 pairs of candlesticks, 1 single candle- stick—China (gift). 2 pewter objects: 1 cash-box, 1 pair of candlesticks—Swatow and Canton, Kwang-tung Province, China (gift). 2 pewter objects: 1 wine-pot in shape of carp, 1 tray with de- signs inlaid in brass—China (gift). 2 pewter objects: 1 dish fitted with carved coconut shell and 1 lac- quered tea-jar—China and Ja- pan (gift). 4 objects: 3 pieces of pewter and carved coconut shell, and 1 tai- lor’s iron of brass—China (gift). 1 pewter bed-warmer—Strasbourg, France (gift). 1 pewter medal ‘‘Continental Cur- rency 1776’’—United States (gift). 1 pewter tray inlaid with designs in brass, Ming period—China (gift). 5 pewter objects: 1 tray and 3 tea-jars with designs in colored lacquer, 1 tea-jar with engraved designs—Japan (gift). 2 pewter tea-pots inlaid with de- signs in brass—China (gift). BAHR, A. W., New York City. 1 ink drawing of pig, mounted on silk in form of a scroll—China (gift). BORLAND, MRS. CHAUNCEY B., Chicago. 1 ancient mortuary clay figure rep- resenting a rhinoceros—Ho-nan Province, China (gift). BROWN, W. DUVAL, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1 ornament of strung seeds with marble tube in center— Tara- cua, Brazil (gift). BURR, RICHARD, Chicago. 1 tapa beater—Hawaii, Polynesia (gift). CARPENTER, MRS. JOHN AL- DEN, Chicago. 1 carved wooden figure of woman— West Africa (gift). CHANDLER, M. G., Chicago. 5 objects: 1 Iroquois woollen sash, and 2 woollen sashes, 1 roach of deer hair, and 1 pair of beaded moccasins of the Potawatomi— Iroquois and Potawatomi, New York and Kansas (exchange). EGAN, W. C., Egandale, Highland Park, Illinois. 11 objects: 4 skulleaps of hazel- root basketry—Klamath, Ore- gon; 1 bow and 6 arrows— Africa (gift). FIELD, HENRY, Chicago. About 100 prehistoric flint and quartzite implements— Boba- dilla, Spain (gift). JAN. 1927. About 80 paleolithic flints—Stade, Montiéres, Etouvy, St. Acheul, Somme Gravels, France (gift). About 100 modern flints of paleo- lithic type made by Fred Snare, and complete set of flint knap- per’s tools—Brandon, Suffolk, England (gift). 35 chalcolithic flint implements— Kish, Mesopotamia (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Collected by E.S. Riggs.—Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Argentina and Bolivia: 122 prehistoric implements: stone axes, flints, celts, potsherds, and animal bones—Argentina and Bolivia. Collected by Ralph Linton, leader of Captain Marshall Field Ex- pedition to Madagascar: 1,066 objects: textiles, looms, bas- kets, mats, pottery, wood carv- ings, and utensils, iron tools, jewelry, beads, snuff-boxes, weapons, etc.—Hova, Betsileo, Sianaka, Betsimisaraka, Tsi- mahety tribes, Madagascar. Collected by O. C. Farrington.— Captain Marshall Field Second — Brazilian Geological Expedi- tion: 1 syenite hammer—State of Ceara, Eastern Brazil. Collected by A. L. Kroeber, leader of Second Captain Marshall Field Archaeological Expedi- tion to Peru: 1,062 objects: 1,023 archaeological objects: pottery, textiles, mum- mies, skulls and skeletons, plant remains, beads, etce.; 39 eth- nological objects: clothing, spindles, slings, ete., Nazca and Huancayo — Peru, South America. Collected by Commander D. B. MacMillan, leader of Rawson- MacMillan Subarctic Expedi- tion: 210 objects: clothing, hunting im- plements, tools, carvings, ka- yak, ete.—Greenland and Lab- rador. Purchases: 8 specimens: stone grave of eight slabs, 2 skeletons, 3 pottery ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 107 jars, 1 lot of large beads, 1 lot of small beads found with skele- ton 87, Mound C—Etowah Mounds C, Grave 48, Carters- ville, Georgia, from W. K. Moorehead, Andover, Massa- chusetts. 24 flax mats for Maori council- house—Maori, New Zealand, from J. McDonald, Dominion ice Wellington, New Zea- and. 44 objects: medicine bags, medicine bowl, belts, bags, mortar, bone needles, spoons, moccasins, ot- ter-skin turban, ete.—Winne- bago, Nebraska, from Oliver LaMere. FIELD MUSEUM-OXFORD UNI- VERSITY JOINT EXPEDI- TION (Captain Marshall Field Fund). 274 objects: plain, painted and glazed pottery; stone, bone, shell, and bronze implements; skulls, ete.—Kish, Mesopota- mia. 41 objects: 7 pottery jars, 1 pottery bowl, 6 jars in sherds, 1 child’s pot burial, 25 restored skulls, 1 pair of fish-skeletons —Kish, Mesopotamia. FIELD, STANLEY, Chicago. 2 shrunken heads of Jivaro, 1 male and 1 female—Ecuador, South America (gift). GROVES, SAMUEL B., Wilmette, Illinois. 1 silver thumb-ring—China (gift). HAGUE, WILLIAM E., Chicago. 1 colored statue of Yama, god of death, of wood and papier- maché, 5 feet high on double base—Tibet (gift). HARA, B., Nagoya, Japan. 2 glazed pottery jugs known in Japan as Namban—South China and Japan (giit). JACOBS, O. B., Chicago. 1 left-handed flint drill—Delaware County, Oklahoma (gift). 51 objects: 49 flint implements, 1 string of beads and 1 pottery sherd—Delaware County, Okla- homa (gift). JERGER, MRS. J. A., Chicago. 1 basket, New Guinea; 2 fans, 108 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPorRTs, VOL. VII. Suwa, Fiji, and 1 basket, Ko- rea—New Guinea, Fiji, and Korea (gift). LINDEGREN, MR. AND MRS. C. C., Rhinelander, Wisconsin. 14 flint arrowheads and flakes— Beebe White County, Arkan- sas (gift). LONG, LINUS, Chicago. 1 ivory figure with ivory base, of Tung-fang So, Ming period (1868-1643)—China (gift). MacMILLAN, COMMANDER D. B., leader of Crocker Land Expedition, Freeport, Maine. 4 specimens: 1 fur-lined beaded jacket, 1 pair of sealskin breeches, and 2 pairs of seal- skin boots, being complete suit of Eskimo girl—Greenland (gift). MANDEL, MR. AND MRS. FRED L., Chicago. 2 inscribed Lamaist paintings— Tibet (gift). MARR, JOHN C., Oaklawn, Illinois. 2 flint arrowheads—Farm near Jo- liet, Will County, Illinois (gift). MORI, S. H., Chicago. 1 old silk fan painted with land- scape—China (gift). NARJAL, HERMAN W., Chicago. 1 fur coat—Eskimo, Point Barrow, Alaska (gift). OPENSHAW, REV. H. J., Chengtu, China. 2 objects: 1 rubbing of Chinese inscription of Han period from Lu-shan, Ya-chou fu, Sze- chuan, and 1 collection of hand- written compositions on silk— China (gift). OTAGO UNIVERSITY MUSEUM, Dunedin, New Zealand. 139 objects: prehistoric implements of stone and bone, adzes, arrow- points, fish-hooks, drill-points, needles, spear-points, and flakes —Otago, New Zealand (ex- change). PLAUTZ, HENRY F., Oconomowoc, Wisconsin. 1 quartzite scraper—Oconomowoc, ee oe County, Wisconsin giit). RINEHART, WILLIAM G., Bates- ville, Arkansas. 3 objects: 2 prehistoric grooved stone hammers and 1 prehistoric rubbing stone—Ionia, Michi- gan, and Batesville, Arkansas (gift). SARGENT, HOMER E., Pasadena, California. 1 red and black serape—Mexico. SHETRONE, H. C., Columbus, Ohio. 1 small sample of woven fabric— Seip Mound No. 2, Bainbridge, Ross County, Ohio (gift). SMITH, MRS. GEORGE T., Chicago. 158 objects: 101 money belts, 24 pouches, 4 cases of spectacles, | 3 caps, 3 pairs of slippers, 23 small pieces, all of colored bead- work—China (gift). SMITH, MRS. GEORGE T., MRS. JOHN J. BORLAND, MISS K. S. BUCKINGHAM, MAR- TIN A. RYERSON, JULIUS ROSENWALD, OTTO C. DOERING, AND MARTIN C. SCHWAB, Chicago. 656 archaic jades—China (gift). STROBEL, MRS. CHARLES, Chi- cago. 1 suit of armor, 17th century— Japan (gift). TURNER, CHARLES J., Chicago. 9 objects: 1 tomahawk pipe, 1 tobacco case with bead and quill work, 2 knife sheaths, 1 war club, 2 pairs of moccasins, 2 dolls—Sioux, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota (gift). UPHAM, MRS. FRANK R., Marsh- field, Wisconsin. 2 objects: 1 wampum belt—Mo- hawk Valley, Keddersbury, New York; 1 knife and chop- stick in sheath—China (gift). VAN SCHAACK, PETER, Chicago. 1 pair of sealskin shoes—Lapp, Hammerfest, Norway (gift). WHITTLE, B. H., Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. 50 chipped stone implements gath- ered from old camp-sites—Bar- nards Creek, Mt. Leslie, etc., Tasmania, Australia (ex- change). W0qqV ‘A ‘Lf Aq poredoig S9YOUL 9 QoOoT ), YYSuUS'T aSIVYO UL SSSTIY “SH ‘PZ6T “BIALOG 0} uolIpedx@ [eolso[0zUOe|eg Pll [[eyssepy ureqyder ayy Aq poyoo[[og BIATOg ‘elie y, NOGOLdA'TD "TISSOW ATX °3%1d ‘ILA “OA ‘S}todaxy — ~-KIOAST [eanzeN FO uinesnyp pleld JAN. 1927. WILLIAMS, MR. AND MRS. E. EDDY, Great Lakes, Illinois. 14 objects: 1 model of house, 1 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 109 skirt, 1 fly-whisk, 4 clubs, 1 signal drum, 4 coconut-shell cups, 2 tapa strainers—Tau Island, American Samoa (gift). DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCI- ENCES OF PHILADEL- PHIA, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania. 1 herbarium specimen (exchange). AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, Baton Rouge, Lou- isiana. 2 economic specimens, 14 ears of _ corn (gift). BENKEH, H. C., Chicago. 746 herbarium specimens (gift). 275 duplicate specimens (gift). BYERLY, H. W., General Immigra- tion Agent, Northern Pacific Railroad, St. Paul, Minnesota. 18 economic specimens, various kinds of seeds (gift). CHURCHILL, J. R., Dorchester, Massachusetts. 150 herbarium specimens (gift). CLARKSON, MRS. R., Chicago. 1 herbarium specimen (gift). CORN PRODUCTS REFINING COMPANY, Argo, Illinois. 1 economic specimen, corn sugar ““Dextrose’’ (gift). CRANDALL, F. K., Agricultural Ex- periment Station, Kingston, Rhode Island. 1 economic specimen, 6 ears of corn (gift). DAHLGREN, DR. B. E., Chicago. 11 ine palm fruits and seeds gut). DONNA, M. J., Secretary National Macaroni Manufacturing Asso- ciation, Braidwood, Illinois. 25 economic specimens, macaroni exhibit (gift). EIFRIG, G., River Forest, Illinois. 127 herbarium specimens (gift). EPLING, C., University of Califor- nia, Southern Branch, Los An- geles, California. 200 herbarium specimens (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Collected by Mrs. Agnes Chase— (Captain Marshall Field Expe- dition, Brazil, 1924-25): 1,173 herbarium specimens. Collected by B. E. Dahlgren and A, C. Persaud (Stanley Field Ex- pedition, British Guiana 1922): 12 herbarium specimens. Collected by B. E. Dahlgren (Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expe- dition, 1926): 700 herbarium, economic and exhi- bition specimens, 440 photo- graphs. Collected by J. F. Macbride (Field Museum Expedition to Illinois and Indiana, 1926): 183 herbarium specimens. Collected by H. W. Nichols (Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Ex- pedition, 1926): 1 herbarium specimen. 18 photographs of plant life. Collected by F. W. Pennell (Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Peru, Bolivia and Chile, 1925): 1,711 herbarium specimens. Collected by A. C. Weed (Rawson- MacMillan Subarctic Expedi- tion, 1926): 100 herbarium specimens. Collected by A. Weberbauer (Captain — Marshall Field Expedition, Peru, 1926): 135 herbarium specimens. 411 duplicate specimens. Stanley Field Laboratory: 14 models and reproductions of plants. Purchases: 3,818 herbarium specimens. 63 economic specimens. GARFIELD PARK CONSERVA- TORY, Chicago. 2 economic specimens, palm leaves (gift). GLIDDEN FOOD PRODUCTS COMPANY, Chicago. 1 economic specimen, white mus- tard seed oil (gift). 110 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. GRONEMAN, C., Elgin, Illinois. 4 herbarium specimens (gift). HALDER, I. M., Laurens, Iowa. 1 economic specimen, 6 ears of corn (gift). HAMMERMILL PAPER COM- PANY, Erie, Pennsylvania. 13 economic specimens, paper mak- ing exhibit (gift). HUNGARIAN NATIONAL MU- SEUM, Budapest, Hungary. 100 herbarium specimens (ex- change). HYNES, J. A., U. S. Appraiser’s Of- fice, Chicago. 1 specimen, “silver leaves’’ (gift). ILLINOIS POWER AND LIGHT CORPORATION, Chicago. 1 economic specimen, log (gift). IMPERIAL FORESTRY INSTI- TUTE, University of Oxford, England. 100 herbarium specimens (ex- change). KANN, R. G., Rakuda Wood Prod- ucts Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 4 wood specimens (gift). LOS ANGELES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, Chicago Head- quarters. 12 economic specimens, . grapes, olives and honey (gift). MAYER, L. S., State Experiment Station, Knoxville, Tennessee. 1 economic specimen, 6 ears of corn (gift). “A MEMBER,” Field Museum, Chi- cago. 1 specimen, lace bark (gift). MITSUI AND COMPANY, LTD., New York City. 1 economic specimen, soya bean oil (gift). MOFFATT, DR. W. S., Wheaton, Illinois. 1,228 herbarium specimens (gift). MONTERO, G., Museo Nacional de Chile, Santiago, Chile. 1 herbarium specimen (gift). MOORE, G. E., Lebanon, Missouri. 1 herbarium specimen (gift). MUSEUM D’HISTOIRE NATU- RELLE DE PARIS, Paris, France. 500 herbarium specimens (ex- change). NATIONAL MUSEUM OF WALES, Cardiff, Wales. 566 herbarium specimens (ex- change). ff NEAL, H. W., Lebanon, Tennessee. 1 economic specimen, 6 ears of corn (gift). NUTTALL, L. W., Philipsburgh, Pennsylvania. 1 economic specimen, ephedra (gift). PEATTIE, D. C., Rosslyn, Virginia. - 50 herbarium specimens (gift). PHILLIPS, O. F., Chairman Board of Review, Bureau of Agricultural Economies, Chicago. 11 Trays of official grain standards, U.S: Ad (ene PILLSBURY FLOUR MILLS COM- ANY, Minneapolis Minnesota. 1 flour mill model (gift). PRAY, L. L., Chicago. 1 reproduction of a mushroom (gift). RECORD, S. J., New Haven, Connec- ticut. 9 economic specimens, palm seeds (gift). REDFERN, R., Yarmouth, lowa. 1 economic specimen, 6 ears of corn (gift). RED STAR MILLING COMPANY, Wichita, Kansas. 50 economic specimens, wheat mill- ing (gift). ROSH, J. N., Washington, D. C. 1 herbarium specimen (gift). SAWYER BISCUIT COMPANY, Chicago. 1 economic specimen, cracker ex- hibit (gift). SHERFF, E. E., Chicago. 50 herbarium specimens (gift). SIEGLINGER, J. B., Woodward, Oklahoma. 10 economic specimens, heads and seeds of sorghum (gift). JAN. 1927. STEIN, HALL MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Chicago. 1 economic specimen, wheat starch (gift) THAXTER, R., Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. 2 herbarium specimens (gift) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Wash- ington, D. C. 8 economic specimens, various kinds of wheat grains and heads (gift). 167 herbarium specimens (ex-~ change). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. ie VICTORIN, FRERE MARIE, Uni- versity of Montreal, Canada. 500 herbarium specimens (ex- change). WHEELER, H. E., University, Ala- bama. 32 herbarium specimens (gift). WILL, O. H., & COMPANY, Bis- marck, North Dakota. 23 economic specimens, corn (gift). WILSON, P., New York Botanical Garden, New York City. 4 herbarium specimens (gift). DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY ARNOLDS, FRANCIS M., Chicago. 1 specimen agate—Brazil (gift). AROCENA, E. TERRA, Montevideo, Uruguay. 11 specimens water geodes and quartz—Salto, Uruguay (gift). AVERY, DAVID, Bath, Illinois. 1 specimen fossil coral—Snicarte, Illinois (gift). BAHR, A. W., New York City. Tooth of young Mastodon—China (gift). 1 mounted slab of invertebrate fos- sils—China (gift). BEDFORD, GEORGE, Morris, Illi- MOIS... Part of lower jaw of Mastodon— Minooka, Illinois (gift). BRINKER, J., Chicago. 1 specimen wulfenite—Tacoma, Nevada (gift). BUTLER, JULIUS, Chicago. 2 specimens copper and copper ores —Anaconda and Butte, Mon- tana (gift). CHALMERS, WILLIAM J., Chicago. 9 specimens crystallized minerals —various localities (gift). 46 specimens crystallized minerals —various localities (gift). CONNELLY, MISS FRANCES, Perth, Western Australia. 1 specimen emerald in matrix— Western Australia (gift). CORY, CHARLES B. Jr., Chicago. 5 specimens invertebrate fossils— Thornton, Illinois (gift). CRAIG, B. J., Los Angeles, Califor- nia. 7 specimens limonite concretions— Colorado (gift). DE LUCA, DR. A., Chicago. 3 specimens rock crystal—Brazil (gift). DERRY, J., Chicago. 1 specimen of rock weathering— Riverton, Wyoming (gift). FELIPPONE, DR. FLORENTINO, Montevideo, Uruguay. Femur of Glyptodon—Colonia, Uruguay (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Collected by C. A. Corwin: 57 specimens minerals and rocks— Canyon Diablo, Arizona. Collected by C. A. Corwin (Kaibab Forest Expedition): 7 specimens concretions and fos- sils—Kaibab Plateau, Arizona. Collected by H. W. Nichols (Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expe- dition 1926): 106 specimens minerals, ores, ete. —Brazil. 108 specimens agate, amethyst, building stones, ete. Uruguay. 147 specimens minerals and ores— Chile. Collected by S. K. Roy (Eastern States Expedition): 168 specimens fossil plants and BO eee ae om York Stat Golleceaa oe A. C. Weed (Rawson- MaeMillan Subarctic Expedi- tion): 112 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII. 6 specimens fossil fish—South Stromfiord, Greenland. Collected by Third Asiatic Expe- dition of American Museum of Natural History and Field Mu- seum of Natural History. Nest of 6 Dinosaur eggs—Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Skull of Protoceratops—Gobi Des- ert, Mongolia. Large Dinosaur egg—Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Skull and jaws of Titanotherium— Murun, Mongolia. Purchases: 1 specimen stone meteorite—EHast Griqualand, South Africa. 1 specimen iron meteorite—near Navajo, Arizona. 1 specimen vari-colored agate— Uruguay. Group of sand-calcite crystals— Washabaugh, South Dakota. GAINES, E. P., Chicago. 1.specimen calamite stem—Poca- hontas Coal Field, West Vir- ginia (gift). HANSON, N. EVERETT. 1 specimen sand concretion—Tur- tle Lake, North Dakota (gift). HARSTAD, A. J., Wolf Creek, Mon- tana. 5 specimens orthoclase —Wolf Creek, Montana (gift). 1 specimen chalcopyrite —Wolf Creek, Montana (gift). JACOBS, O. B., Chicago. 1 specimen fossil leaf—Mazon Creek, Illinois (gift). 1 specimen fin-spine of fossil shark —Le Grand, Iowa (exchange). JAMES, BARRIE PIERCE, La Porte, Indiana. Part of skeleton of Phytosaur (Bel- odon)—St. John’s, Arizona (gift). JONIKAR, STANLEY, Chicago. 4 specimens marcasite—Chicago (gift). KORAL, STANLEY, Union Pier, Michigan. 2 specimens clay concretions— Union Pier, Michigan (gift). McCREA, W. S. AND JAMES, W. R., Chicago. 1 specimen, body of duck preserved ie eee eee Illinois gift). MINNECI, CHRIST S., Chicago. Part of jaw and tooth of Mastodon —Bowling Green, Florida (gift). 3 specimens fish teeth—Bowling Green, Florida (gift). MORRISON, WILLIAM, Toronto, Canada. 1 specimen sodalite — Bancroft, Ontario, (gift) MULLER, ALFRED, Friedrichsha- gen, Germany. 108 specimens invertebrate fossils. 1 specimen fossil vertebra of fish. . 2 specimens fossil raindrops and moulds of salt crystals (ex- change). NAWN, HUGH, State of New York. 2 slabs showing fossil mollusk tracks—Gilboa, New York (gift). O’BRIEN, GEORGE F., Cedar Rap- ids, Iowa. 1 specimen tungsten ore (concen- trates)—Ozark Mine, Silver Mountain, Missouri (gift). ‘1 specimen scheelite concentrates —Bishop, California (gift). PATEE, FRED, Casper, Wyoming. 1 specimen garnet enclosed in ma- trix—Casper Mountain, Wyo- ming (gift). PITTS, W. B., Sunnyvale, California. 3 specimens chrysoprase (1 cut)— near Porterville, California (gift). 2 specimens quartz— Willard, Utah (gift). RICHARDS BRICK COMPANY, Edwardsville, Illinois. 2 briquettes—Edwardsville, Illinois (gift). RINEHART, W. G., Batesville, Ar- kansas. . 1 specimen manganese concretion in limestone. 8 specimens fossil shark’s teeth. 10 specimens brachiopods. 12 specimens manganese ore. 1 specimen copper ore. 4 specimens rock weathering— Batesville, Arkansas (gift). yan. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT SENGHAAS, HENRY, Chicago. 36 specimens minerals and con- cretions—Chicago (gift). SHAPLEY, COOPER, Bishop, Cali- fornia. 1 specimen tungsten ore (scheelite) —Mina, Nevada (gift). 1 lot tungsten ore concentrates— Bishop, California (gift). SHEFFIELD, CHARLES A., Dixon, Illinois. 1 mammoth tooth—Dixon, Illinois (gift). SOCIEDAD NACIONAL DE MIN- ERALS, Santiago, Chile. 30 specimens minerals and ores— Chile (gift). STANDARD OIL COMPANY (IN- DIANA), Chicago. 1 specimen separator oil (gift). SULLIVAN, A. H., St. Louis, Mis- souri. 1 specimen silica sand—Pacific, Missouri (gift). SWANK, C. RICHARD, Chicago. 8 specimens concretions and min- erals—various localities (gift). OF THE DIRECTOR. 118 TRAIN, PERCY, Lower Rochester, Nevada. 15 specimens cephalopods—Ameri- can Canyon, Nevada (ex- change). 1 specimen pelecypod—American Canyon, Nevada (exchange). TRISTAN, J. F., San Jose, Costa Rica. 4 specimens volcanic rocks—Costa ‘Rica (gift). 1 specimen crystallized hematite— Costa Rica (gift). VALCK, MRS. ANTOINETTE, Chi- cago. 1 specimen marcasite concretion (gift). VEECK, G. A., INC., New York City. 12 photographs illustrating the Agate Industry in Idar—Idar, Germany (gift). WALLER, DR. S. M., Gracias, Hon- duras. 3 molar teeth of Mastodon sp.— Gracias, Honduras (gift). WENDLER, C., Geneva, Switzerland. 1 specimen meteorite—Bur Ghel- uai, Italian Somaliland, Africa (exchange). DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ANONYMOUS. 14 bird skins—TIllinois, Indiana, Michigan (gift). APPLEBAUM, A., Chicago. 1 snake—Central America (gift). 1 spider—Honduras ? (gift). BENSON, HAROLD, Stanley, Wis- consin. 5 grass-snake eggs—Bateman, Wis- consin (gift). BOOTH, O. E., Des Moines, Iowa. 20 butterflies—Japan and For- mosa (exchange). 4 moths—Des Moines, Iowa (ex- change). BRADLEY, H. E., Chicago. 1 binturong—Sumaitra (gift). BRYANT, OWEN, Banff, Alberta. 3 toads—Banff, Alberta (gift). BUTLER, A. L., Horsham, England. 1 humming bird—Eastern Ecua- dor (exchange). CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 393 fishes—Brazil, Bolivia and Ar- gentina (exchange). CASCARD, B., Chicago. 1 butterfiy—Black Oak, Indiana (gift). CLEGG, W. G., Delamere, England. 6 red grouse—North Wales (gift). 2 gray partridges—Cheshire, Eng- land (gift). COALE, H. K., Highland Park, Illi- nois. 1 wood rat—California (gift). 2 pocket gophers—La Puerta Vai- ley, California (gift). 114 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. 5 pigeons—Various localities (gift). 2 cowbirds—Chile (gift). 1 loon, 1 Chinese teal (gift). 1 lizard—Pasadena, California, (gift). COLTON, A. S., Chicago. 1 beetle—Chicago (gift). CONOVER, H. B., Chicago. 1 least weasel—Cherry County, Nebraska (gift). 1 horned grebe—Poplar Branch, North Carolina (gift). CRANE, RICHARD T., JR., Chicago. 3 bronze groups, with mahogany bases, of African Natives Spear- ing Lions (gift). DAWSON, CHARLES W., Musko- gee, Oklahoma. 1 Chesapeake terrapin— Muskogee, Oklahoma (gift). 1 Cumberland terrapin shell—Illi- nois River, Oklahoma (gift). DEASON, DR. W. J., Chicago. 6 caribou, 2 Canadian woodchucks —Yukon Territory (gift). DUNLAP, MRS. F. L., Chicago. 1 great bird of paradise (gift). EIFRIG, PROF. C. W. G., River Forest, Illinois. 1 cicada—Bishop, Texas (gift). FELGER, JESSE L., Pheba, Missis- sippi. 1 snake—Pheba, Mississippi (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Collected by C. J. Albrecht (Captain Marshall Field Pacific Coast Expedition): 1 gull, 1 oystercatcher, 2 cormor- ants—Clallam County, Wash- ington. 5 hair seals, 11 sea lions—La Push, Washington. 7 mule deer—Kaibab National Forest, Arizona. Collected by G. K. Cherrie, Mrs. Marshall Field, K. P. Schmidt, C. C. Sanborn and C. Taylor (Captain Marshall Field Bra- zilian Expedition): 362 mammals, 648 birds, 282 rep- tiles and amphibians, 2,137 fishes, 903 invertebrates— Argentina, Braziland Paraguay. Collected by H. B. Conover, Robert H. Everard and John T. Zimmer (Conover-Everard African Ex- pedition): 83 mammals, 322 birds—Tangan- yika Territory. Collected by Edmund Heller and Dr. H. H. Heller (Captain Marshall Field Central African Expedition): 1,170 mammals, 8 birds, 996 rep- tiles and amphibians, 32 fishes and 11 invertebrates—Central Africa. Collected by E. Liljeblad: 4 butterflies, 1 moth—Edgebrook, Illinois. Collected by Elmer S. Riggs (Captain Marshall Field Paleontological - Expedition): 18 mammal skulls, 1 rhea skull and king vulture skull—Santa Cruz, Argentina. Collected by Col. Theodore Roose- velt, Kermit Roosevelt and George K. Cherrie (James Simp- son-Roosevelt Asiatic Expedi- tion): 225 mammals, 552 birds, 70 rep- tiles and amphibians and 77 invertebrates—India and Chi- nese and Russian Turkestan. Collected by A. C. Weed and Ashley Hine (Rawson-Mac Millan Sub- arctic Expedition): 52 mammal skins and skulls, 158 birds, 28 birds’ eggs, 625 fishes and 931 invertebrates— Maine, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Labrador and. Greenland. Collected by Third Asiatic Expedi- tion (American Museum of Nat- ural. History): 394 mammals, 249 fishes—China and Mongolia. Collected by A. B. Wolcott and Earl G. Wright (N. W. Harris Pub- lic School Extension of Field Museum of Natural History): 6 insects—Hessville, Indiana. 1 red-tailed hawk—Delavan, Wis- consin. Purchases: 1,482 birds—Argentina. 1 snowy owl—Edmonton, Alberta. 9 rors 1 turtle—Gainesville, Flor- ida. 88 birds—Germany, Hungary, Spain and Asia Minor. JAN. 1927. 1 mole—Fayetteville, Arkansas. 22 turtles, 81 snakes, 50 lizards, 91 frogs and toads—Imboden, Arkansas. 4 birds—British Guiana. 1 reproduction: of red-banded gar- ter snake, lowa. 3 birds—Island of Bali. 24 birds—Italy, Austria and Chile. 33 mammals, 326 birds—Maran- hao and Goyaz, Brazil. 2 mammals—Montana. 1 bird of paradise—New Guinea. A birds—Sarpe Steppe, S. Russia. 20 mammals—South America, Af- rica. and West Indies. FISHER, D. J., Chicago. 1 lizard—Green River, Utah (gift). FORD, CLEM, La Grange, Illinois. 1 great Dane dog. FOUST, WILLIAM W., Barnegat, New J ersey. 19 fishes, 1 crawfish—Barnegat, New Jersey (gift). FRIERSON, L. S., JR., Gayle, Lou- isiana. 19 frogs—Gayle, Louisiana (gift). FRIESSER, J., Chicago. 1 Angora cat skull—Chicago (gift). GERHARD, WILLIAM J., Chicago. 8 insects—Hessville, Indiana (gift). GORE, H. G., Chicago. 1 spider—Guatemala ? (gift). GREGG, C. T., Park Ridge, Illinois. 1 crawfish—Park Ridge, Illinois (gift). HAMMOND, E., Romeoville, Illinois. 1 click-beetle—Romeoville, illinois (gift). HELLMAYR, DR. AND MRS. C. , Chicag O. 153 iaiioriies, 1 moth—Bavaria, Switzerland and Tyrol (gift). HERZOG, GEORGE A., Chicago. if dragonfly—Chicago (gift). HINE, ASHLEY, Chicago. 10 pies lice—La Porte, Indiana 3 birds (exchange). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 115 HUNGERFORD, DR. H. B., Law- rence, Kansas. 6 water-bugs—Eastland County, Texas (gift). JONES, DR. MERRITT L., Wausau, Wisconsin. 1 pinnated grouse—Wausau, Wis- consin (gift). KING, JAMES B., Star City, Indiana. 1 sphinx moth—Star City, Indiana (gift). KOELZ, DR. WALTER, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 5 birds—Greenland (gift). KULVIN, DR. HARRY H., Chicago. 1 red bat—Chicago (gift). LILJEBLAD, E., Chicago. 12 insects—Ohio and [Illinois (gift). LYON, WILLIAM I., Illinois. 2 bird-lice, 1 iouse-fly—Waukegan, Illinois (gift). MACKAY, JAMES M., Chicago. 1 fulvous tree duck—Louisiana (gift). 3 mallards—Browning, (gift). MARSHALL, BYRON, Imboden, Ar- kansas. 34 beetles—Imboden, (exchange). MARX, E. J. F., Evanston, Illinois. 3 beetles—Beach, Illinois (gift). METCALF, ROWE B., Wiscasset, Maine. 83 birds, 2 birds’ eggs—Labrador and Greenland (gift). MEYER, BERNARD, Wilmette, Il- linois. 1 salamander—Wilmette, Illinois (gift). MILLET, A. F., Chicago. 1 barracuda, 1 king mackerel, 1 amber jack—Key West, Flor- ida (gift). MONTEIRO, ROBERTA AND LUIZ, H., Itacurussa, Brazil. - 4 beetles, 5 bees and wasps—lta- curussa, Brazil (gift). Waukegan, Illinois Arkansas 116 FrrELD MuUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII. MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, Norman, Oklahoma. 2 turtles, 1 toad, 1 snake—Cleve- land County, Oklahoma (ex- change). 2 turtles—Okmulgee, (exchange). 2 lizards—Strong City, Oklahoma (exchange). NARBO, DR. SVEN, Sandnes, Nor- way. 22 birds’ eggs, 15 butterflies, 80 Oklahoma moths—Sandnes, Norway (gift). NEVILLE, RUSSELL T., Kewanee, Illinois. 1 cave crawfish—Near Mammoth Cave, Kentucky (gift). PARKS, O., Chicago. 5 salamanders, 8 frogs, 2 turtles— Illinois and Indiana (gift). 1 lizard—Sacaton, Arizona (gift). PATTERSON, COL. J. H., London, England. 1 English woodcock (gift). PING, PROF. C., Amoy, China. 21 frogs, 18 snakes, 4 lizards— China (gift). PRAY, L. L., Homewood, Illinois. 1 snake—Homewood, Illinois (gift). 5?squirrel lice—Highland Park, Il- linois (gift). PSOTA, DR. F. J., Chicago. 15 flies—Ceylon (gift). 8 butterflies, 118 moths—Venezu- ela (gift). RIDGWAY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB, Highland Park, Illinois. 1 framed picture of Robert Ridg- way (gift). ROBINSON, R. P., Merrimac, Mas- sachusetts. 8 insects—Bustin’s Island, Maine (gift). ROOSEVELT, COL. ‘THEODORE, Oyster Bay, Long Island. 1 blackbuck—India (gift). RY MAL, WILLIAM H., New Buffalo, Michigan. 4 insects—New Buffalo, Michigan (gift). SANBORN, C. C., Highland Park, Illinois. 1 gray squirrel—Highland Park, Illinois (gift). SASKO, V. G., Chicago. 1 butterfly—Formosa (gift). SCHMIDT, F. J. W., Platteville, Wisconsin. 4 mammals, 51 frogs, 11 snakes, 1 turtle—Platteville, Wisconsin (gift). SCHMIDT, KARL P., Homewood, Illinois. 12 snakes—Kansas (gift). SETON, MRS. GRACE THOMP- SON, Greenwich, Connecticut. | 10 mammal skins and skulls, 2 birds, 1 turtle shell—Ybapobo, Paraguay (gift). SIMONS, MRS. C. B., Chicago. 4 shells (gift). STONE, D. D., Casa Grande, Ari- zona. 23 mammals—Casa Grande, Ari- zona (gift). THOMPSON, GEORGE, Chicago. 1 ferret, 4 insects—Chicago (gift). TOLSON MEMORIAL MUSEUM, Huddersfield, England. 4 birds—England (exchange). VAN HYNING, DR. T., Gainesville, Florida. 79 snakes—Florida (gift). WALTERS, L. L., Homewood, Illinois. 5 mammal skins and skulls—Mon- tana (gift). WEED, A. C., Chicago. 281 insects and millipedes—Lllinois and New York (gift). WELD, wns LEWIS H., Washington, D Papa gall-flies and galls—Various localities (gift). WELLS, A. G., Chicago. 17 desert tortoises—Hinkley and Needles, California (gift). WOLCOTT, A. B., Downer’s Grove, Illinois. 8 insects—lIllinois (gift). 9Z6L ‘Nieg 0} uolyIpedxy [eolsojoevyo1y puodes Pela lweusivyy ureydeg . Joqeory "JT “vy Aq ‘nieg ‘voZeN #8 poyVAvoxoT SUBLSNOW IVOIDOTIOHLAW HLIM GHLVYOOUC SUVe AUALLOd GHLNIVd TVOSONN AX 81d ‘ILA ‘OA ‘sHodey AIO feINyeN JO wnesny pled JAN. 1927. WRIGHT, E., Chicago. 1 cicada—Kansas City, Missouri (gift). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 117 WYATT, A. K. AND BEER,?E., Chicago. 4 moths—Riverside, Illinois, and Chicago (gift). DIVISION OF PHOTOGRAPHY FIELD, HENRY, New College, Ox- ._ ford, England. 21 films showing excavations at Kish, Mesopotamia. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Made by Division: 10,087 prints, 1,653 negatives, 1,267 lantern slides. Developed for Expeditions: 648 negatives. Made by C. J. Albrecht: 142 negatives of seascapes, land- scapes, sea-lions, etc.—States of Washington and Arizona. Made by B. E. Dahlgren: 60 negatives—general views etc., of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. _Made by A. L. Kroeber: 120 negatives of natives, land- scapes, ete., of Peru. Made by Ralph Lone 95 films showing scenes of Mada- gascar. Made by H. W. Nichols: 48 negatives of scenery, ete., at Santiago, Chile. 93 films made in Chile. 117 negatives showing street scenes, landscapes, etc., in Chile. 43 negatives of views taken in La Paz, Uruguay. Made by C. C. Sanborn: 29 films taken at Therezopolis, South America. - Made by K. P. Schmidt: 102 negatives of seascapes, land- scapes, etc., of Montevideo, Uru- guay. 68 negatives of landscapes, general views, etc., of Santiago, Chile. Made by Curzon Taylor: 426 negatives of natives, land- scapes, ete., of various parts of South America. GAFFORD, DR. C. C., Wymore, Nebraska. 6 negatives of Maya monuments at Cicapa, Guatemala. EEN: COMMANDER D. 150 negatives of seascapes, natives, views, etc. of Subarctic regions. WARREN, PAUL C., Evanston, Illi- nois. 93 photographs taken on Rawson- MacMillan Subarctic Expedi- tion (gift). THE LIBRARY LIST OF DONORS AND EXCHANGES (Accessions are by exchange, unless otherwise designated) AFRICA: Department of Mines and Indus- tries, Pretoria. Geological Society, Johannesburg. Institut d’ Egypte, Cairo. Ministry of Public Works, Cairo. Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg. Rhodesia Museum, Bulawayo. Rhodesia Scientific Society, Bula- wayo. Roe Society of South Africa, ape Town. Société de Géographie d’Alger. . Société d’Histoire Naturelle de VY Afrique du Nord, Algeria. Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc, Rabat. South African Association for the Advancement of Sciences, Cape Town. South African Department of Agri- culture, Pretoria. South African Museum, Cape Town. ARGENTINA: Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cor- doba. Instituto de Botanica y Farmacol- ogia, Buenos Aires. 118 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REpoRTs, VOL. VII. Ministerio de Agricultura, Buenos * Aires. Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Nat- urales, Buenos Aires. Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, * Buenos Aires. Sociedad Ornitolégica del Plata, Buenos Aires. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires. AUSTRALIA: Australian Museum, Sydney. Botanic Gardens and Government Domains, Sydney. Commonwealth of Australia, Mel- bourne. Department of Agriculture, Ade- laide. Department of Agriculture, Sydney. Department of Agriculture, Well- ington. Department of Mines, Brisbane. Department of Mines, Sydney. Field Naturalists’ Club, Melbourne. Fish Commission of New South Wales, Sydney. Forestry Commission, Sydney (gift). Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney. Geological Survey of Western Aus- tralia, Perth. Linnean Society of New South Wales, Sydney. Melbourne University. Ornithological Society of South Aus- tralia, Adelaide. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery, Adelaide. Public Library, Museum and Na- tional Gallery of Victoria, Mel- bourne. Queensland Geological Survey, Bris- bane. Royal Geographical Society of Aus- tralasia, Brisbane. Royal Society of Queensland, Bris- bane. Royal Society of South Australia, Adelaide. Royal Society of Tasmania, Hobart. Royal Society of Victoria, Mel- bourne. Royal Society of Western Australia, Perth. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney. South Australian Museum, Ade- laide. Technological Museum, Sydney. AUSTRIA: Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna. Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft, Vienna. Zoologisches Institut, Graz. BELGIUM: Académie Royale d’Archéologie, Antwerp. pease Royale de Belgique, Brus- sels. Direction de l’Agriculture, Brussels. sarein Botanique de l’Etat, Brus- sels. Musée du Congo, Brussels. Musée Royal d’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, Brussels. Musées Royaux du Cinquantenaire, Brussels. Nederlandsch Phytopathologische (Plantenziekten) Vereenigen, Ghent. Société de Botanique, Brussels. Société Royale des Sciences, Liége. Vereeningen Kruidkundig Genoot- schap Dodonea, Ghent. BRAZIL: Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. Escola Superior de Agricultura e Medicina, Veterinaria, Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Butantan, Sao Paulo. Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro. Museo Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. Secretaria da Agricultura, Commer- cio e Obras Publicas, Sa4o Paulo. Servico Geologico e Mineralogica, Rio de Janeiro. : BRITISH GUIANA: Board of Agriculture, Georgetown. Forestry Department, Georgetown. Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society, Demerara. CANADA: mere Arctic Expedition, Ottawa (gift). Canadian chemistry and metallurgy, Toronto (gift). Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Department of Agriculture, Victoria. Department of Lands and Forests, Toronto. Department of Mines, Ottawa. Department of Mines, Ontario, Toronto. Department of the Interior, Geo- logical Survey, Ottawa. Entomological Society of Ontario, Toronto. JAN. 1927. Horticultural Societies, Toronto. McGill University, Montreal. Minister of Education, Ontario Toronto. Provincial Museum, Toronto. Provincial Museum, Victoria. Royal Canadian Institute, Toronto. Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa. Société de Géographie, Quebec. Université de Montreal. University of Toronto. CEYLON: Colombo Museum. Department of Agriculture, lombo. CHINA: Geological Survey, Peking. Royal Asiatic Society of North China, Shanghai. Science Society of China (gift). University of Nanking. CZECHO-SLOVAKIA: Académie Tchéque des Sciences, Prague. Deutscher Naturwissenschaftlich- ' Medizinischer Verein fir Boh- men “‘Lotos’’, Prague. Societa Entomologica Bohemica, Prague. N4rodniho Musea, Prague. DENMARK: : Dansk Botanisk Forening, Copen- hagen. Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Co- penhagen. K. Bibliotek, Copenhagen. K. Nordiske Oldskriftselskab, Co- penhagen. Naturhistorisk Forening, Copenha- gen. Société Royale des Antiquaires du Nord, Copenhagen. Université, Copenhagen. ECUADOR: Academia Nacional de Historia, Quito. FEDERATED MALAY STATES: Federated Malay States Museums, Singapore. Royal Asiatic Society, Branch, Singapore. FIJI ISLANDS: Fijian Society, Suva. FINLAND: Abo Akademi. Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fen- nica, Helsingfors, Co- Malayan ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 119 Suomen Museo, Helsingfors. FRANCE: Académie des Sciences, Paris. Ecole d’Anthropologie, Paris. Musée d’Histoire Naturelle, Mar- seilles. Musée Guimet, Paris. Muséum National d’Histoire Na- turelle, Paris. La Nature, Paris. Société d’Ethnographie, Paris. Société d’Etudes des Sciences Na- turelles, Reims. Société d’ Etudes Scientifiques, An- gers. Société d’Histoire Naturelle, Tou- louse. Société de Géographie, Paris. Société des Américanistes, Paris. Société des Sciences, Nancy. Société des Sciences Naturelles de Sadne-et-Loire, Chalon-sur-Sadne. Société Linnéenne, Bordeaux. Société Nationale d’Acclimatation de France, Paris. Société Nationale d’Agriculture, Sciences et Arts, Angers. Société Nationale d’ Horticulture de France, Paris. GERMANY: Akademie der Wissenschaften, Hei- delberg. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Leip- zig. Bayerische Akademie der Wissen- schaften, Munich. Bayerische Botanische Gesellschaft, Munich. Bevoueche Staatsbibliothek, Mu- nich. Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Berlin. Deutsche Dendrologische Gesell- schaft, Bonn-Poppelsdorf. Deutsche Entomologische Gesell- schaft, Berlin. Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Anthrop- ologie, Ethnologie und Urge- schichte, Berlin. Deutsche Morgenlindische Gesell- schaft, Leipzig. Teas Seefischerei Verein, Ber- in. Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Berlin. Frankfurter Gesellschaft fiir An- thropologie, Ethnologie und Ur- geschichte. Friedrich Wilhelms Universitat, Berlin. 120 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—-REPORTS, VOL. VII. Geog anise Gesellschaft, Mu- nich. Georg - August - Universitat, Got- tingen. Gesellschaft fir Erdkunde, Berlin. Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde, Leipzig. Gesellschaft zur Beférderung der- gesamten Naturwissenschaften, Marburg. Hamburgische Universitat, Ham- burg. Hessische Ludwigs Universitat, Giessen. Museum fiir Tierkunde und Volker- kunde, Dresden. Museum fiir Volkerkunde, Berlin. Museum fiir Voélkerkunde, Ham- burg. Nassauischer Verein fir Natur- kunde, Wiesbaden. Naturhistorischer Verein der Preus- sischen Rheinlande und Westfa- lens, Bonn. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Bremen. Naturwissenschaitlicher Verein, Elberfeld. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Osnabrick. Ornithologische Gesellschait in Bay- ern, Munich. Physikalisch - Medizinische Sozie- tat, Erlangen. Breussische Staatsbibliothek, Mu- nich. Schlesische Gesellschaft fiir Vater- landische Cultur, Breslau. Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Frankfurt a M. Thuringischer Botanischer Verein, Weimar. Universitats Bibliothek, Marburg. Universitéts Bibliothek, Munich. Verein fiir Naturkunde, Cassel. Verein fir Vaterlandische Natur- kunde, Wirttemberg. Verein fiir Volkskunde, Berlin. Zoologisches Museum, Berlin. GREAT BRITAIN: Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Ashmolean Natural History Society, Oxford. Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical Society. Brighton and Hove Natural History and Philosophical Society. Bristol Museum. British Library of Political Science, London. British Museum, London. British Museum (Natural History), London. Cambridge Philosophical Society. Cambridge University. Croydon Natural History Society. Dove Marine Laboratory, Culler- coats. Fisheries Board, Edinburgh. Geological Society, Edinburgh. Geological Society, Liverpool. Geological Survey of England and Wales, London. Geological Survey of Scotland, Edin- burgh. Geologists’ Association, London. Hill Museum, London. Hull Municipal Museum. Imperial Bureau of Entomology, London. Japan Society of London. Lancashire Sea Fisheries Labora- tory, Liverpool. Leicester Museum, Art Gallery and Library. Linnean Society, London. Liverpool Biological Society. Liverpool Free Public Museum. London School of Economics and Political Science. Manchester Literary and Philosoph- ical Society. Manchester Museum. Marine Biological Association, Ply- mouth. porpcer Indian Association, Lon- on. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. Oriental Ceramic Society, London (gift). Royal Anthropological Institute of ice Britain and Ireland, Lon- on. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. Royal Colonial Institute, London. Reve Geographical Society, Lon- on. Royal Horticultural Society, Lon- don. Royal Society, London. Royal Society of Arts, London. Royal Society of Edinburgh. School of Oriental Studies, London. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Edinburgh. South London Entomological and Natural History Society. Tring Zoological Museum. University Museum, Oxford. Nicer and Albert Museum, Lon- on. Wellcome Research Laboratories, London. JAN. 1927. Zoological Society, London. HUNGARY: Magyar Természettudomanyi Tar- sulat, Budapest. Musée National Hongrois, Budapest. INDIA: Anthropological Society, Bombay. Archaeological Department, Hyder- abad. Archaeological Survey, Allahabad. Archaeological Survey, Burma, Rangoon. Archaeological Survey, Calcutta. Archaeological Survey, Madras. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta. Bihar and Orissa Research Society, Patna. Bombay Natural History Society. Botanical Survey, Calcutta. Department of Agriculture, Madras. Department of Agriculture, Poona. Department of Agriculture, Pusa. Geological Survey, Calcutta. Government Cinchona Plantations, Calcutta. Government of India, Calcutta. Government Museum, Madras. - Hyderabad Archaeological Society. Indian Museum, Calcutta. Journal of Indian Botany, Madras. Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta. University of Calcutta. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. IRELAND: Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club. Department of Agriculture, Scien- tific Investigations, Dublin. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin. Royal Dublin Society. ITALY: Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Nat- - urali, Catania. Istituto Geografico de Agostini, No- vara. Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genoa. R. Accademia delle Scienze, Naples. R. Accademia delle Scienze di Tor- ino. R. Accademia Nazionale del Lincei, Rome. R. Orto Botanico Giardino Coloni- ale, Palermo. R. Scuola Superiore di Agricultura, Portici. R. Societa-Geografica Italiana, ome. Societa dei Naturalisti, Naples. . Societa di Scienze Naturali ed Eco- nomiche, Florence. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. i AE Societa Geologica Italiana, Rome. Societa Italiana de Scienze Naturali, Milan. Societa Romana di Antropologia, Rome. Ufficio Geologico d’Italia, Rome. JAPAN: Anthropological Society of Tokyo. Government General, Museum of Chosen. Government Research Institute, Tohoku, Formosa. Imperial Academy of Tokyo. Imperial Geological Society, Tokyo. Imperial Household Museums, Tok- yo. Ornithological Society, Tokyo. Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai. Tokyo Botanical Society. JAVA: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kun- sten en Wetenschappen, Batavia. Department of Agriculture, Buiten- zZ0rg. Encyclopaedisch Bureau, Weltev- reden, Jardin Botanique, Weltevreden Java Instituut, Weitevreden. K. Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch-Indie, Weltevreden. MEXICO: Instituto Geologico de Mexico. Museo Nacional de Arqueologia, Historia y Etnografia, Mexico. Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomen- to, Direccion de Antropologia, Mexico. Secretaria de Educacion Publica, Mexico. Sociedad Cientifica ‘‘Antonio Al- zate,’’ Mexico. Sociedad de Geografia y Estadistica, Mexico. Sociedad Geologica Mexicana, Mex- ico. NETHERLANDS: Bataafsch Genootschap der Proef- ondervindelijke Wijsgegierte, Rotterdam. K. Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam. K. Instituut voor de Taal-Land-en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Indie, Hague. K. Nederlandsch Aardrijkundig Ge- nootschap, Amsterdam. Museum voor Land-en Volkenkunde en Maritiem Museum “Prinz Hendrik,’’ Rotterdam. Nederlandsche Phytopathologische Vereeniging, Wageningen. 122 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpoRTs, VOL. VII. Nederlandsch Vogelkundigen Club, ROUMANIA: Leiden. yaks Ethnographisch Museum, Lei- en. Rijks Herbarium, Leiden. Rijks Hoogers Land-Tuin-en Bosch- bousschool, Wageningen. Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke His- torie, Leiden. Rijks Universiteit, Leiden. Universiteit van Amsterdam. NEW ZEALAND: Auckland Institute and Museum, Wellington. Canterbury Museum, Christchurch. Department of Agriculture, Well- ington. Department of Mines, Wellington. Dominion Museum, Wellington. Geological Survey, Wellington. New Zealand Board of Science and Art, Wellington. NORWAY: Bergen Museum. Ethnographical Museum of Oslo. Norges Geologiske Underskolse, Oslo. Physiographiske Forening, Oslo. Tromso Museum. Zoologiske Museum, Oslo. _ PALESTINE: Institute of Agriculture and Natural History, Tel-Aviv. PERU: Instituto Historico del Peru, Lima. Revista del Archivo Nacional, Lima. POLAND: Académie Polonaise des Sciences et des Amis, Cracow. Instytut nauk Antropologicznych Towarzystwa Naukowego Wars- zawskiego, Warsaw. Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalis, Warsaw. Societas Scientiarum Varsaviensis, . Warsaw. Société Botanique de Pologne, War- saw. Wyzszej Szkoly Handlowej Biblio- teke, Warsaw. | PORTUGAL: Agencia Geral das Colonias, Lisbon. Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon. Universidade de Coimbra, Muse Zoologico. Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon. Université de Jassy. RUSSIA: Académie des Sciences, Leningrad. Botanical Garden, Leningrad. Eesti Rahva Museum, Tartus. Institute of Economic Mineralogy > and Petrography, Moscow. Musée d’Etat de la Région Indus- trielle Centrale, Moscow. Musée de Georgie, Tiflis. Musée Géologique et Minéralogique Pierre le Grand, Leningrad. Russian Zoological Journal, Mos- cow. Société des Amis des Sciences Na- turelles, d’ Anthropologie et d’Eth- nographie, Moscow. Société des Naturalistes, Leningrad. SPAIN: Institucié6 Catalana d’Historia Na- tural, Barcelona. Junta de Ciencies Naturalis, Barce- lona. Junta para Amplicacién de Estudios e Investigaciones Cientificas, Ma- drid. R. Academia de Ciencias y Artes, Barcelona. R. Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Madrid. Sociedad Espafiola de Historia Na- tural, Madrid. SWEDEN: Goteborgs SBotanika Tradgard, Gothenburg. K. Biblioteket, Stockholm. K. Humanistiska Vetenskapssam- fundet, Lund. K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, Stockholm. K. Vitterhets Historie och Antik- vitets Akademien, Stockholm. Lunds Universitet, Lund. SWITZERLAND: Botanischer Garten, Bern. Botanisches Museum, Zirich. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneva. Musées d’Histoire Naturelle, Lau- sanne. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Ba- sel. aireriuapanis: Gesellschaft, Zi- rich. Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel. Société Botanique, Geneva. Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle, Geneva. JAN. 1927. Société Helvétique des Sciences Na- turelles, Bern. Société Neuchateloise de Géogra- phie, Neufchatel. Société Suisse d’Anthropologie et d’Ethnologie, Bern. Société Zoologique, Geneva. URUGUAY: Museo Nacional, Montevideo. VENEZUELA: Cultura Venezolana, Caracas. WEST INDIES: Agricultural Experiment Station, Porto Rico. ‘Biblioteca Nacional, Havana. Department of Agriculture, Bridge- town. Department of Agriculture, Kings- con. Insular Experiment Station, Rio Piedras. Trinidad and Tobago Department of Agriculture, Port of Spain. Universidad de Habana. West Indian Agricultural Confer- ence, Kingston. Beaux, Oscar de, Geneva. Black, Davidson, Peking. Castellanos, Alfredo, Rosario. Chabanaud, Paul, Paris (gift). Davy, J. Burtt, Oxford (gift). Friedlander und Sohn, Berlin (gift). Gabrieli, Giuseppe, Rome (gift). Gatto, A. Caruana, Valletta (gift). Ghose, Ajit (gift). Gladstone, Hugh S., Dumfriesshire (gift). Gleerup, C. W. K., Lund. Hartland, Sidney E., Gloucester. Herrera, Fortunato L., Lima. Hua, Henri, Paris (gift). Huard, V. A., Quebec. Joicey, J. J., Witley. Jourdain, F. C. R., Ditchingham. Kessler, C. W. Sohen, Idar (gift). Kotwicz, W. O., Wilno. Larco, Rafael, Trujillo (gift). Lathy, Perey I., London. Legendre, A. F., Paris. Lehmann-Nitsche, R., Buenos Aires. Lévy-Bruhl, L., Paris. Loé, Baron Alfred, Brussels. Marelli, Carlos A., La Plata. Meek, Alexander, Durham. Ménégaux, A., Paris. Miller, Lorenz, Munich. Peralta, J. A., Laserena (gift). Porter, Carlos E., Santiago de Chile. Prout, A. E., London. Rinne, Friedrich, Leipzig. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 123 Rivet, P., Paris. Roux, Jean, Basel. Sanchez y Roig, Marie, Havana (gift). Schlaginhaufen, Otto, Ziirich. Seaby, Allen W., Leicester (gift). Séderstrém, Adolf, Upsala (gift). Spencer, L. J., London. Walsh, George B., Scarborough. Weigold, H., Hanover (gift). Zimanyi, Karl, Budapest. ALABAMA: Anthropological Society, gomery. Geological Survey, University. CALIFORNIA: Agricultural Berkeley. Board of Fish and Game Commis- sioners, Sacramento. California Academy of Sciences, San Mont- Experiment Station, Francisco. Cooper Ornithological Club, Holly- wood. Department of Agriculture, Sacra- mento. Natural History Museum, San Diego. Pomona College, Claremont. San Diego Society of Natural His- tory. Scripps Institution of Biological Research, La Jolla. Southern California Academy of Sciences, Los Angeles. Southwest Museum, Los Angeles. Stanford University. State Mining Bureau, Sacramento. University of California, Berkeley. COLORADO: Agricultural Experiment Station, Fort Collins. Bureau of Mines, Denver. Colorado College, Colorado Springs. Colorado Museum of Natural His- tory, Denver. cee Agricultural College, Fort Col- ins. State Historical and Natural His- tory Society, Denver. CONNECTICUT: Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven. Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Haven. Forestry Association, New Haven. Hartford Public Library. Osborn Botanical Laboratory, New Haven. 124 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. State Board of Fisheries and Game, Hartford. State Geological and Natural His- tory Survey, Hartford. Storrs Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion. Yale University, New Haven. FLORIDA: State Geological Survey, Tallahas- see. GEORGIA: Geological Survey, Atlanta. HAWAII: Agricultural Experiment Station, Honolulu. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Board of Commissioners of Agricul- ture and Forestry, Honolulu. Hawaiian Entomological Society, Honolulu. nayauen Historical Society, Hono- ulu. Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Associa- tion, Honolulu. University of Hawaii, Honolulu. IDAHO: Mining Industry, Boise. Idaho University, Moscow. etal Historical Society of Idaho, oise. ILLINOIS: Agricultural Experiment Station, Urbana. Art Institute of Chicago. Audubon Society, Chicago. Board of Education, Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Chicago Public Library. Department of Public Works and Building, Chicago. Division of Natural History Sur- vey, Urbana. Forestry Service, Urbana. Geographic Society, Chicago. Hardwood Record, Chicago (gift). Izaak Walton League of America, Chicago (gift). John Crerar Library, Chicago. Newberry Library, Chicago. Northwestern University, Evanston. Open Court Publishing Company, Chicago. State Academy of Science, Spring- field. State Board of Agriculture, Spring- eld. State Geological Survey, Spring- field. area Historical Library, Spring- eld. State Water Survey, Springfield. University of Chicago. University of Illinois, Urbana. INDIANA: Academy of Science, Indianapolis. Department of Conservation, In- dianapolis. Indiana University, Bloomington. John Herron Art Institute, Indian- apolis. Purdue University, Lafayette. State Board of Forestry, Indianap- olis. University of Notre Dame. IOWA: Academy of Science, Des Moines. — Historical, Memorial and Art De- partment, Des Moines. Iowa Geological Survey, Des Moines. Iowa Horticultural Society, Des Moines. Iowa State College, Ames. University of lowa, Iowa City. KANSAS: Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan. . State Board of Agriculture, Topeka. State Geological Survey, Lawrence. State Historical Society, Topeka. University of Kansas, Lawrence. KENTUCKY: Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisville. Be Geological Survey, Frank- ort. LOUISIANA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge. Department of Conservation, Baton Rouge. Isaac Delgado Museum, New Or- leans. MAINE: Agricultural Experiment Station, Orono. Bowdoin College, Brunswick. Portland Public Library. MARYLAND: } Agricultural Experiment Station, College Park. Enoch Pratt Free Library, Balti- more. : Johns Hopkins University, Balti- more. ‘Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate XVI | eee | THE PALM INSTALLATION ! A single unit showing the South American Cocorite palm and including a flower cluster, the fruit, the base _ Of a leaf-stem together with some economic products, etc. i} Stanley Field Guiana Expedition, 1922 JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT Maryland Academy of Sciences, Baltimore. MASSACHUSETTS: Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst. American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston. American Antiquarian Society, Wor- cester. Boston Public Library. Harvard College, Museum of Com- parative Zoology, Cambridge. Harvard University, Arnold Arbore- - tum, Jamaica Plain. Harvard University, Gray Herbar- ium, Cambridge. Horticultural Society, Boston. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. New Bedford Free Library. Peabody Institute. Peabody Museum, Cambridge. Peabody Museum, Salem. Phillips Academy, Andover. Salem Public Library. Smith College, Northampton. Springfield City Library Associa- - tion. Williams College, Williamstown. MICHIGAN: Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural College. Department of Conservation, Geo- logical Survey Division, Lansing. Detroit Institute of Art. Grand Rapids Public Library. Michigan Academy of Science, Antr Arbor. pean College of Mines, Hough- on. Michigan State Library, Lansing. State Board of Agriculture, Lansing. State Board of Library Commis- sions, Lansing. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. MINNESOTA: Agricultural Experiment Station, University Farm. Minneapolis Institute of Arts. Minnesota Geological Survey, Minn- eapolis. Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul. Saint Paul Institute. University of Minnesota, eapolis. MISSISSIPPI: Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural College. Minn- OF THE DIRECTOR. 125 Mississippi State Geological Sur- vey, Jackson. MISSOURI: Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia. Bureau of Geology and Mines, Rolla. City Art Museum, Saint Louis. Missouri Botanic Garden, Saint Louis. sour Historical Society, Colum- 1a Missouri State Game and Fish De- partment, Columbia. Saint Louis Public Library. University of Missouri. School of Mines, Rolla. Washington University, Saint Louis. MONTANA: Agricultural College, Bozeman Montana State Forestry, Helena. NEBRASKA: - Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln. NEVADA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Reno. NEW JERSEY: Agricultural Experiment Station, Trenton. Department of Conservation and Development, Trenton. Horticultural Society, Trenton. Newark Museums Association. Princeton University. NEW MEXICO: Historical Society, Santa Fe. New Mexico Museum, Santa Fe. NEW YORK: Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva. American Academy in Rome, New York. American Geographical Society, New York. American Museum of Natural His- tory, New York. Asia Publishing Company, New York. Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. Columbia University, New York. Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York. Cornell University, Ithaca. Forest and Stream Publishing Com- pany, New York. 126 FIELD MusEUM OF NATURAL HisTORY—REportTs, VOL. VII. Garden Club of America, New York. Inter-American Magazine, New York (gift). Japan Society, New York. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Museum of the American Indian, New York. New York Academy of Sciences. New York Botanical Garden, New York. New York Historical Society, New York. Pratt Institute, New York. Publie Library, New York. Rochester Academy of Science. Rochester Municipal Museum. Rockefeller Foundation, New York. State College of Forestry, Syracuse. State Library, Albany. State Museum, Albany. Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences, New York. Stone Publishing Company, New ork. University of the State of New York, Albany. Vassar College, Poughkeepsie. Zoological Society, New York. Long Sang Ti Curio Company, New York (gift.) NORTH CAROLINA: Duke University, Durham. Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, Chapel Hill. NORTH DAKOTA: Biological Station, University Sta- tion. Geological Survey, University Sta- tion. University of North Dakota, Uni- versity. OHIO: Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster. Cincinnati Museums Association. Cincinnati Society of Natural His- tory. Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Museum of Natural His- tory. Cleveland Public Library. Denison University, Granville. Geological Survey, Columbus. Ohio Academy of Science, Columbus. State Archaeological and Historical Society, Columbus. State University, Columbus. University of Cincinnati. Wilson Ornithological Club, Oberlin. OKLAHOMA: Oklahoma Academy of Science, Norman. Oklahoma Geological Survey, Nor- man. University of Oklahoma, Norman. OREGON: Agricultural Experiment Station, Corvallis. University of Oregon, Eugene. PENNSYLVANIA: Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. Bryn Mawr College. Bureau of Topographical and Geo- logical Survey, Harrisburg. Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh. Carnegie Library, Pittsburgh. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Dropsie College, Philadelphia. Engineers’ Society of Western Penn- sylvania, Pittsburgh. Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. Lehigh University, Bethlehem. Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art, Philadelphia. Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. Philadelphia Commercial Museum. Sullivant Moss Society, Pittsburgh. University of Pennsylvania, Phila- delphia. University of Pennsylvania, Mu- seum, Philadelphia. Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia. Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Bureau of Education, Manila. Department of Agriculture, Manila. Department of Agriculture and Na- tural Resources, Manila. Department of Interior, Bureau of Science, Manila. SOUTH CAROLINA: Charleston Museum. SOUTH DAKOTA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Brookings. Geological and Natural History Sur- vey, Vermilion. TENNESSEE: Academy of Science, Nashville. Agricultural Experiment Station, Nashville. ‘JAN. 1927. TEXAS: Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station. Baylor University, Waco. Scientific Society, San Antonio. University of Texas, Austin. VERMONT: - Agricultural Experiment Station, Burlington. State Geological Survey, Burlington. VIRGINIA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Charlottesville. State Forester, Charlottesville. State Library, Richmond. paw ereity of Virginia, Charlottes- ville. Virginia Geological Survey, Char- lottesville. WASHINGTON: Agricultural Experiment Station, Seattle. Department of Conservation and Development, Division of Geol- ogy, Olympia. ‘Mountaineers, Seatile. Pacific Northwest Bird and Mam- mal Society, Seattle. Puget Sound Biological Station, Seattle. Washington University, Seattle. Washington University, Historical Society, Seattle. WASHINGTON, D. C.: American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science. American Association of Museums. American Mining Congress. Association for the Study of Negro Life and History. Carnegie Endowment for Interna- tional Peace (gift). Carnegie Institution of Washington (gift). Library of Congress. National Academy of Science. National Association of Audubon Societies. National Parks Bulletin. National Research Council. Pan-American Union Science Service. Smithsonian Institution. United States Government. United States National Museum.. WEST VIRGINIA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Morgantown. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 127 State Department of Agriculture, Charleston. West Virginia University, Morgan- town. WISCONSIN: Agricultural Experiment Station, Madison. Beloit College. - Geological and Natural History Survey, Madison. National Academy of Visuai In- struction, Madison. Public Museum of Milwaukee. State Horticultural Society, Madi- son. University of Wisconsin, Madison. Wisconsin Archaeological Society, Madison. Ames, Oakes, Boston. Ayer, Edward E., Chicago (gift). Baker, Frank C., "Urbana, Illinois. Bangs, Outram, Cambridge. Barber, Mes C., New York City. (gift cones R. Magoon, Lacon, Illinois. (gift). Bartsch, Paul, Washington, D. C. Boas, Franz, New York City. Chalmers, W. J., Chicago (gift). cern Frank V., Philadelphia (giit ae Ge Harold, Oak Park, Illinois. (gift Cockerell, T. D. A., Boulder, Colorado. Comstock, John, Los Angeles (gift). Cook, Meiville T., Porto Rico. Davies, D. C., Chicago (gift). Degener, Otto, Honolulu. Evans, Alexander W., New Haven. Farrington, O. C., Chicago (gift). Farwell, Oliver A., Detroit (gift). Field, Henry, Chicago (gift). Field, Stanley, Chicago (gift). Gerhar d, W. J., Chicago (gift). Glessner, John ae Chicago (gift). Gregory, Mrs. (gift). Gouchenour, David T., Stuarts Virginia (gift). Gunsaulus, Helen C., Chicago. Haase, Leo G., Long Beach (gift). Hansan, Earle, New York City (gift). Harrington, M. R., New York City Hellmayr, C. E., Chicago (gift). Hubbs, Carl, Ann Arbor. Jillson, Willard R., Frankfort, Ken- tucky (gift). Kelsey, Francis W., Ann Arbor (gift). Kent, C. A., Chicago (gift). Keyes, Charles R., Mount Vernon, Towa. Robert B., Chicago Draft, 128 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistoRY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII. Laufer, Berthold, Chicago (gift). Leighton, Henry, Pittsburgh (gift). Leonard, W. M., Boston (gift). Lewis, Albert B., Chicago (gift). Lindsey, A. W., Granville, Ohio (gift). Mason, J. Alden, Philadelphia (gift). Messayeh, Alexander D., New York City (gift). Mills, William C., Columbus, Ohio (gift). mee Harry C., Washington, Osborn, Henry F., New York City. Osborn, Herbert, Columbus, Ohio Patten, Henry J., Evanston, Illinois (gift). John Barton, Washington, . (gift). Peattie, Donald C., Desplaines, IIl- inois (gift). Pennell, Francis W., Philadelphia ise (gift). Peters, James L. Richarz, Stephen, (gift). Roewode, K., Montclair, New Jersey Techny, Illinois Simms, S. C., Chicago (gift). Slevin, J. R., San Francisco (gift). Sternberg, Charles M., Oakley, Cali- fornia (gift). Strong, R. M., Chicago (gift). Todd, W. E. Clyde, Pittsburgh. Tomkins, William, San Diego. Tozzer, Alfred M., Cambridge. Walcott, Charles D., Washington, D. C. (gift). Walker, James W., Chicago (gift). Weiss, Harry, Washington, D. C. Wiborg, Frank B., New York City . (gift). RAYMOND EXTENSION. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Purchase: 20 reels of motion pictures. GARY, ELBERT H., New York City. 7 reels of motion pictures (gift). OSGOOD, WILFRED H., Chicago. 3 reels of motion pictures (gift). JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 129 ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION STATE OF ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF STATE WILLIAM H. HINRICHSEN, Secretary of State To ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, GREETING: Whereas, a Certificate duly signed and acknowledged having been filed in the office of the Secretary of State, on the 16th day of September, A. D. 18938, for the organization of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO, under and in ac- cordance with the provisions of ‘‘An Act Concerning Corporations,’ approved April 18, 1872, and in force July 1, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof, a copy of which certificate is hereto attached. Now, therefore, I, William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State of the State of Illinois, by virtue of the powers and duties vested in me by law, do hereby certify that the said COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO is a legally organized Corporation under the laws of this State. In Testimony Whereof, I hereto set my hand and cause to be affixed the _ Great Seal of State. Done at the City of Springfield, this 16th day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-three, and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and eighteenth. W. H. HINRICHSEN, [SEAL] | Secretary of State. TO HON. WILLIAM H. HINRICHSEN, SECRETARY OF STATE: SIR: We, the undersigned citizens of the United States, propose to form a cor- poration under an act of the General Assembly of the State of [llinois, entitled “An Act Concerning Corporations,’ approved April 18, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof; and that for the purposes of such organization we hereby state as follows, to-wit: 1. The name of such corporation is the “COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO.” 2. The object for which it is formed is for the accumulation and_dis- semination of knowledge, and the preservation and exhibition of objects illus- trating Art, Archeology, Science and History. 3. The management of the aforesaid museum shall be vested in a Board of FIFTEEN (15) TRUSTEES, five of whom are to be elected every year. 4. The following named persons are hereby selected as the Trustees for the first year of its corporate existence: ; Edward &. Ayer, Charles B. Farwell, George E. Adams, George R. Davis, Charles L. Hutchinson, Daniel H. Burnham, John A. Roche, M. C. Bullock, Emil G. Hirsch, James W. Ellsworth, Allison V. Armour, O. F. Aldis, Edwin Walker, John C. Black and Frank W. Gunsaulus. 5. Tne location of the Museum is in the City of Chicago, County of Cook, and State of Illinois. (Signed) George E. Adams, C. B. Farwell, Sidney C. Eastman, F. W. Putnam, Robert McCurdy, Andrew Peterson, L. J. Gage, Charles L. Hutchinson, Ebenezer 130 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII. Buckingham, Andrew McNally, Edward E. Ayer, John M. Clark, Herman H. Kohlsaat, George Schneider, Henry H. Getty, William R. Harper, Franklin H. Head, E. G. Keith, J. Irving Pearce, Azel F. Hatch, Henry Wade Rogers, Thomas B. Bryan, L. Z. Leiter, A. C. Bartlett, A. A. Sprague, A. C. McClurg, James W. Scott, Geo. F. Bissell, John R. Walsh, Chas. Fitzsimmons, John A. Roche, E. B. McCagg, Owen F. Aldis, Ferdinand W. Peck, James H. Dole, Joseph Stockton, Edward B. Butler, John McConnell, R. A. Waller, H. C. Chatfield-Taylor, A. Crawford, Wm. Sooy Smith, P. S. Peterson, John C. Black, Jno. J. Mitchell, C. F. Gunther, George R. Davis, Stephen A. Forbes, Robert W. Patterson, Jr., M. C. Bullock, Edwin Walker, George M. Pullman, William E. Curtis, James W. Ellsworth, William E. Hale, Wm. T. Baker, Martin A. Ryerson, Huntington W. Jackson, N. B. Ream, Norman Williams, Melville E. Stone, Bryan Lathrop, Eliphalet W. Blatchford, Philip D. Armour. STATE OF ILLINOIS Ss. Cook COUNTY I, G. R. MITCHELL, a NOTARY PUBLIC in and for said County, do hereby certify that the foregoing petitioners personally appeared before me and acknowledged severally that they signed the foregoing petition as their free and voluntary act for the uses and purposes therein set forth. Given under my hand and notarial seal this 14th day of September, 1893. G. R. MITCHELL, [SEAL] NOTARY PUBLIC, COOK COUNTY, ILL. CHANGE OF NAME Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 25th day of June, 1894, the name of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. A eertificate to this effect was filed June 26, 1894, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE OF NAME Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 8th day of November, 1905, the name of the FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. A certificate to this effect was filed November 10, 1905, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 3 Pursuant to a resolution at a meeting of the corporate members held the 10th day of May, 1920, the management of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY shall be invested in a Board of TWENTY-ONE (21) TRUSTEES, who shall be elected in such manner and for such time and term of office as may be provided for by the By-Laws. A certificate to this effect was filed May 21, 1920, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 131 AMENDED BY-LAWS JANUARY 1927 ARTICLE I MEMBERS SECTION 1. Members shall be of eleven classes, Corporate Members, Hon- orary Members, Patrons, Benefactors, Fellows, Life Members, Non-Resident Life Members, Associate Members, Non-Resident Associate Life Members, Sustaining Members, and Annual Members. SECTION 2. The Corporate Members shall consist of the persons named in the articles of incorporation, and of such other persons as shall be chosen from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, upon the recom- mendation of the Executive Committee; provided, that such person named in the articles of incorporation shall, within ninety days from the adoption of these By-Laws, and persons hereafter chosen as Corporate Members shall, within ninety days of their election, pay into the treasury the sum of twenty dollars ($20.00) or more. Corporate Members becoming Life Members, Patrons or Honorary Members shall be exempt from dues. Annual meetings of said Corporate Members shall be held at the same place and on the same day that the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees is held. SECTION 3. Honary Members shall be chosen by the Board from among persons who have rendered eminent service to science, and only upon unanimous nomination of the Executive Committee. They shall be exempt from all dues. SECTION 4. Patrons shall be chosen by the Board upon recommendation of the Executive Committee from among persons who have rendered eminent ser- vice tothe Museum. They shall be exempt from all dues, and, by virtue of their election as Patrons, shall also be Corporate Members. SECTION 5. Any person contributing or devising the sum of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00) in cash, or securities, or property to the funds of the Museum, may be elected a Benefactor of the Museum. SECTION 6. Any person contributing the sum of Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000.00) in cash or securities to the funds of the Museum, may be elected a Fellow of the Museum, who after being so elected shall have the right in perpetuity to appoint the successor in said Fellowship. SECTION 7. Any person paying into the treasury the sum of Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00), at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Life Member. Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to mem- bers of the Board of Trustees. Any person residing fifty miles or more from _the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Life Member. Non-Resident Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to members of the Board of Trustees. SECTION 8. Any person paying into the treasury of the Museum the sum of one hundred dollars ($100.00), at any one time, shall upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become an Associate Member. Associate Members shall be entitled to: tickets admitting member and members of family, including non- resident home guests; all publications of the Museum, if so desired; reserved seats for all lectures and entertainments under the auspices of the Museum, pro- vided reservation is requested in advance; and admission of holder of member- ship and accompanying party to all special exhibits and Museum functions day or evening. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of Fifty Dollars ($50.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Associate Life 182 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII. Member. Non-Resident Associate Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to Associate Members. SECTION 9. Sustaining Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of twenty-five dollars ($25.00), payable within thirty days after notice of election and within thirty days after each recurring annual date. This Sustaining Membership entitles the member to free admission for the member and family to the Museum on any day, the Annual Report and such other Museum documents or publications as may be requested in writing. When a Sustaining Member has paid the annual fee of $25.00 for six years, such mem- ber shall be entitled to become an Associate Member. SECTION 10. Annual Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of ten dollars ($10.00), payable within thirty days after each recurring annual date. An Annual Membership shall entitle the member to a card of admission for the member and family during all hours when the Museum is open to the public, and free admission for the member and family to all Museum lectures or entertainments. This membership will also entitle the holder to the courtesies of the membership privileges of every Museum of — note in the United States and Canada, so long as the existing system of co- operative interchange of membership tickets shall be maintained, including tickets for any lectures given under the auspices of any of the Museums during a visit to the cities in which the cooperative museums are located. SECTION 11. All membership fees, excepting Sustaining and Annual, shall hereafter be applied to a permanent Membership Endowment Fund, the interest only of which shall be applied for the use of the Museum as the Board of Trustees may order. ARTICLE II BOARD OF TRUSTEES SECTION 1. The Board of Trustees shall consist of twenty-one members. The respective members of the Board now in office, and those who shall here- after be elected, shall hold office during life. Vacancies occurring in the Board shall be filled at a regular meeting of the Board, upon the nomination of the Executive Committee made at a preceding regular meeting of the Board, by a majority vote of the members of the Board present. SECTION 2. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held on the third Mon- day of each month. Special meetings may be called at any time by the President, and shall be called by the Secretary upon the written request of three Trustees. Five Trustees shall constitute a quorum, except for the election of officers or the adoption of the Annual Budget, when seven Trustees shall be required, but meet- ings may be adjourned by any less number from day to day, or to a day fixed, previous to the next regular meeting. SECTION 3. Reasonable written notice, designating the time and place of holding meetings, shall be given by the Secretary. ARTICLE III HONORARY TRUSTEES SECTION 1. As a mark of respect, and in appreciation of services performed for the Institution, those Trustees who by reason of inability, on account of change of residence, or for other cause or from indisposition to serve longer in such capacity shall resign their place upon the Board, may be elected, by a majority of those present at any regular meeting of the Board, an Honorary Trustee for life. Such Honorary Trustee will receive notice of all meetings of the Board of Trustees, whether regular or special, and will be expected to be present at all such meetings and participate in the deliberations thereof, but an Honorary Trustee’shall not have the right to vote. > - 5 - . = * _* e ——= E E F ; —= = - 7 7 : + a ~~ @ r, =~ ns " oZI8 Jenjoe Jjey-9uO suyeriedoos Ar04sIFy TeinqyeN Jo tunesny] piel ‘A10qstH [einjeny Jo umnesny, uvoweuy JO UOT} podxg o4eISY pilyy, ey} Aq pee [05 eljosuoy] “qieseq 1qo+) XTULVIN NI SOO YUNVSONIG IIAX 93% ‘ILA ‘IOA ‘sq10dey £10481 [eInyeN Jo unasny] pel JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 133 ARTICLE IV OFFICERS SECTION 1. The officers shall be a President, a First Vice-President, a Second Vice-President, a Third Vice-President, a Secretary, an Assistant Secre- tary and a Treasurer. They shall be chosen by ballot by the Board of Trustees, -amazyjority of those present and voting being necessary to elect. The President, the First Vice-President, the Second Vice-President, and the Third Vice-Presi- dent shall be chosen from among the members of. the Board of Trustees. The meeting for the election of officers shall be held on the third Monday of January of each year, and shall be called the Annual Meeting. SECTION 2. The officers shall hold office for one year, or until their suc- cessors are elected and qualified, but any officer may be removed at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the Board. Vacancies in any office may be filled by the Board at any meeting. SECTION 3. The officers shall perform such duties as ordinarily appertain to their respective offices, and such as shall be prescribed by the By-Laws, or designated from time to time by the Board of Trustees. ARTICLE V THE TREASURER SECTION 1. The Treasurer shall be custodian of the funds of the Corpor- ation except as hereinafter provided. He shall make disbursements only upon warrants drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the President, may i countersigned by one of the Vice-Presidents, or any member of the Finance ommittee. SECTION 2. The securities and muniments of title belonging to the cor- poration shall be placed in the:custody of some Trust Company of Chicago to be designated by the Board of Trustees, which Trust Company shall collect the income and principal of said securities as the same become due, and pay same to the Treasurer, except as hereinafter provided. Said Trust Company shall allow access to and deliver any or all securities or muniments of title to the joint order of the following officers, namely The President or one of the Vice-Presidents, jointly with the Chairman, or one of the Vice-Chairmen, of the Finance Committee of the Museum. SECTION 3. The Treasurer shall give bond in such amount, and with such sureties as shall be approved by the Board of Trustees. SECTION 4. The Harris Trust & Savings Bank of Chicago shall be Cus- todian of ‘““The N. W. Harris Public School Extension of Field Museum” fund. The bank shall make disbursements only upon warrants drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the President, may be countersigned by one of the Vice- Presidents, or any member of the Finance Committee. ARTICLE VI THE DIRECTOR SECTION 1. The Board of Trustees shall elect a Director of the Museum, who shall remain in office until his successor shall be elected. He shall have im- mediate charge and supervision of the Museum, and shall control the operations of the Institution, subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and its Committees. The Director shall be the official medium of communication be- i the Board, or its Committees, and the scientific staff and maintenance orce. SECTION 2. There shall be four scientific departments of the Museum— Anthropology, Botany, Geology and Zoology; each under the charge of a 134 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISToRY—REpoRTS, VoL. VII. Curator, subject to the authority of the Director. The Curators shall be ap- pointed by the Board upon the recommendation of the Director, and shall serve during the pleasure of the Board. Subordinate staff officers in the scientific departments shall be appointed and removed by the Director upon the recommendation of the Curators of the respective Departments. The aeons shall have authority to employ and remove all other employees of the useum. SECTION 8. The Director shall make report to the Board at each regular meeting, recounting the operations of the Museum for the previous month. At the Annual Meeting, the Director shall make an Annual Report, reviewing the work for the previous year, which Annual Report shall be published in pamphlet form for the information of the Trustees and Members, and for free distribution in such number as the Board may direct. ARTICLE VII AUDITOR SECTION 1. The Board shall appoint an Auditor, who shall hold his office during the pleasure of the Board. He shall keep proper books of account, set- ting forth the financial condition and transactions of the Corporation, and of the Museum, and report thereon at each regular meeting, and at such other times as may be required by the Board. He shall certify to the correctness of all bills rendered for the expenditure of the money of the Corporation. ARTICLE VIII COMMITTEES SECTION 1. There shall be five Committees, as follows: Finance, Building, Auditing, Pension and Executive. SECTION 2. The Finance Committee shall consist of five members, the Auditing and Pension Committees shall each consist of three members, and the Building Committee shall consist of five members. All members of these four Committees shall be elected by ballot by the Board at the Annual Meeting, and shall hold office for one year, and until their successors are elected and quali- fied. In electing the members of these Committees, the Board shall designate the Chairman and Vice-Chairman by the order in which the members are named in the respective Committee; the first member named shall be Chair- man, the second named the Vice-Chairman, and the third named, Second Vice- chairman, succession to the Chairmanship being in this order in the event of the absence or disability of the Chairman. . SECTION 3. The Executive Committee shall consist of the President of the Board, the Chairman of the Finance Committee, the Chairman of the Building Committee, the Chairman of the Auditing Committee, the Chairman of the Pension Committee, and three other members of the Board to be elected by ballot at the Annual Meeting. SECTION 4. Four members shall constitute a quorum of the Executive Com- mittee, and in all standing Committees two members shall constitute a quorum. In the event that, owing to the absence or inability of members, a quorum of the regular elected members cannot be present at any meeting of any Com- mittee, then the Chairman thereof, or his successor, as herein provided, may summon any members of the Board of Trustees to act in place of the absentee. SECTION 5. The Finance Committee shall have supervision of investing the endowment and other permanent funds of the Corporation, and the care of such real estate as may become its property. It shall have authority to invest, sell, and reinvest funds, subject to the approval of the Board. SECTION 6. The Building Committee shall have supervision of the con- struction, reconstruction, and extension of any and all buildings used for Museum purposes. SECTION 7. The Executive Committee shall be called together from time to time as the Chairman may consider necessary, or as he may be requested aan 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 135 te do by three members of the Committee, to act upon such matters affecting the administration of the Museum as cannot await consideration at the Regular Monthly Meetings of the Board of Trustees. It shall, before the beginning of each fiscal year, prepare and submit to the Board an itemized Budget, setting forth the probable receipts from all sources for the ensuing year, and make recommendations as to the expenditures which should be made for routine maintenance and fixed charges. Upon the adoption of the Budget by the Board, the expenditures as stated are authorized. SECTION 8. The Auditing Committee shall have supervision over all ac- counting and bookkeeping, and full control of the financial records. It shall cause the same, once each year, or oftener, to be examined by an expert indi- vidual or firm, and shall transmit the report of such expert individual or firm to the Board at the next ensuing regular meeting after such examination shall have taken place. SECTION 9. The Pension Committee shall determine by such means and processes as shall be established by the Board of Trustees to whom and in what amount the Pension Fund shall be distributed. These determinations or findings shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees. SECTION 10. The Chairman of each Committee shall report the acts and proceedings thereof at the next ensuing regular meeting of the Board. SECTION 11. The President shall be ex-officio a member of all Committees and Chairman of the Executive Committee. Vacancies occurring in any Com- mittee may be filled by ballot at any regular meeting of the Board. ARTICLE 1X NOMINATING COMMITTEE SECTION 1. At the November meeting of the Board each year, a Nomi- nating Committee of three shall be chosen by lot. Said Committee shall make nominations for membership of the Finance Committee, the Building Commit- tee, the Auditing Committee, and the Pension Committee, and for three mem- bers of the Executive Committee, from among the Trustees, to be submitted at the ensuing December meeting and voted upon at the following Annual Meeting in January. ARTICLE X SECTION 1. Whenever the word ‘‘Museum”’ is employed in the By-Laws of the Corporation, it shall be taken to mean the building in which the Museum as an Institution is located and operated, the material exhibited, the material in study collections, or in storage, furniture, fixtures, cases, tools, records, books, and all appurtenances of the Institution and the workings, researches, installa- tions, expenditures, field work, laboratories, library, publications, lecture courses, and all scientific and maintenance activities. SECTION 2. These By-Laws may be amended at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a two-thirds vote of all the members present, provided the amendment shall have been proposed at a preceding regular meeting. 186 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPporRtTS, VOL. VII. BENEFACTORS AYER, EDWARD E. *HARRIS, NORMAN W. *HIGINBOTHAM, HARLOW N. BUCKINGHAM, Miss KATE S. f * *Freip, Josppu N. PULLMAN, GEORGE M. FIELD, CAPTAIN MARSHALL RAYMOND t FIELD, STANLEY OND, Mrs. ANNA LOUISE *RAYMOND, JAMES NELSON GRAHAM, ERNEST R. SIMPSON, JAMES HARRIS, ALBERT W. *STURGIS, Mrs. Mary D. HONORARY MEMBERS AYER, EDWARD E. JONES, ARTHUR B. AYER, Mrs. EDWARD E. KEEP, CHAUNCEY BLACKSTONE, Mrs. T. B. BREASTED, PROF. JAMES H. LuDwIG, H. R. H. Gustar ADOLF, CROWN PRINCE OF SWEDEN CHALMERS, WILLIAM J. CRANE, CHARLES R. McCorRMICck, STANLEY CRANE, RICHARD T., JR. ROSENWALD, JULIUS FIELD, CAPTAIN MARSHALL ROSENWALD, Mrs. AuGustTA N. FIELD, STANLEY RYERSON, MARTIN A. GRAHAM, ERNEST R. SARGENT, HoMER HE. SIMPSON, JAMES HARRIS, ALBERT W. SPRAGUE, ALBERT A. PATRONS *AKELEY, CARL E. KNIGHT, CHARLES R. ARMOUR, ALLISON V. KUNZ, GEORGE F. BUTLER, EDWARD B. LANGDON, PROF, STEPHEN G va MARKHAM, CHARLES H. CHERRIE, GEORGE 4. MITCHELL, JOHN J. COLLINS, ALFRED M. CONOVER, H. BOARDMAN PAYNE, JOHN BARTON CummMINGSs, Mrs. RoBERT F. PROBST, EDWARD CUTTING, C. SUYDAM RAWSON, FREDERICK H. ROOSEVELT, KERMIT ROOSEVELT, THEODORE ELLSWORTH, DUNCAN S. SARGENT, HOMER E. STRAWN, SILAS H. Day, LEE GARNETT KELLEY, WILLIAM V. KENNEDY, VERNON SHAW WHITE, HOWARD J. *DECEASED JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 137 CORPORATE MEMBERS *AKELEY, CARL E. KEEP, CHAUNCEY ARMOUR, ALLISON Y. KELLEY, WILLIAM V. AYER, EDWARD E. KENNEDY, VERNON SHAW KNIGHT, CHARLES R. BLAIR, WATSON F. Kunz, GEORGE F. BORDEN, JOHN BUTLER, EDWARD B. LANGDON, PROF. STEPHEN BYRAM, HARRY E. i CHALMERS, W. J. McCormMIck, Cyrus H. CHATFIELD-TAYLOR, H. C. MARKHAM, CHARLES H. CHERRIE, GEORGE K. MITCHELL, JOHN J. COLLINS, ALFRED M. CONOVER, H. BOARDMAN PAYNE, JOHN BARTON CRANE, RICHARD T.., JR. PORTER, GEORGE F. CUMMINGS, Mrs. RoBERT F. PROBST, EDWARD CUTTING, C. SUYDAM Daviss, D. C. RAWSON, FREDERICK H. ROOSEVELT, KERMIT ROOSEVELT, THEODORE EASTMAN, SIDNEY C. RYERSON, MARTIN A. ELLSWORTH, DUNCAN S. Day, LEE GARNETT SARGENT, HOMER E. FIELD, CAPTAIN MARSHALL SIMPSON, JAMES UBL Sue Boh: SMITH, SOLOMON A. GAGE, LYMAN J. SPRAGUE, ALBERT A. ; STONE, MELVILLE E. GRAHAM, ERNEST R. STRAWN, SILAS H. HARRIS, ALBERT W. WHITE, HOWARD J. JONES, ARTHUR B. WRIGLEY, WILLIAM, JR. *DECEASED 188 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REporRTs, VOL. VII. LIFE MEMBERS ABBOTT, ROBERT S. ALDIS, ARTHUR T. ALEXANDER, WILLIAM A. ALLERTON, ROBERT H. AMES, JAMES C. AMES, KNOWLTON L. ARMOUR, ALLISON V. ARMOUR, A. WATSON ARMOUR, J. OGDEN ARMOUR, LESTER AVERY, SEWELL L. AYER, EDWARD E. BABCOCK, FREDERICK R. BACON, EDWARD RICHARDSON, JR. BAKER, Miss ISABELLE BANKS, ALEXANDER F. BARRETT, Mrs. A. D. BARRETT, ROBERT L. BASSFORD, LOWELL C. BENDIX, VINCENT BENSABOTT, R. BILLINGS, C. K. G. BILLINGS, DR. FRANK BLACKSTONE, Mrs. T. B. BLAINE, Mrs. EMMONS BLAIR, HENRY A. BLAIR, WATSON F. BLocK, L. E. BLock, PHILIP D. BooTtH, W. VERNON BORDEN, JOHN BORLAND, CHAUNCEY B. BREWSTER, WALTER §S. BROWN, CHARLES EDWARD BROWN, WILLIAM L. BUCHANAN, D. W. BuDD, BRITTON I. BUFFINGTON, EUGENE J. BURNHAM, JOHN Burt, WILLIAM G. BUTLER, EDWARD B. BUTLER, JULIUS W. BYRAM, HARRY E. CARPENTER, AUGUSTUS A. CARPENTER, BENJAMIN CARPENTER, Mrs. HUBBARD CARR, ROBERT F. CARRY, EDWARD F. CARTON, L. A. CHALMERS, WILLIAM J. CHALMERS, MRS. WILLIAM J. CLARK, EUGENE B. CLAY, JOHN CLEGG, HENRY G. CuLEeGG, Mrs. HENRY G. CLEGG, WILLIAM G. CLEGG, Mrs. WILLIAM G. CLINCH, R. FLOYD CLOW, WILLIAM E. CONOVER, H. BOARDMAN COPLEY, COL. IRA CLIFF, (N. R.) CORLEY, F. D. COWLES, ALFRED CRAMER, CORWITH CRAMER, E. W. CRAMER, MRS. KATHARINE S. CRANE, CHARLES R. CRANE, RICHARD T., JR. CROSSETT, EDWARD C. CROSSLEY, SIR KENNETH CROSSLEY, LADY JOSEPHINE CROWELL, H. P. CUDAHY, EDWARD A., CUDAHY, EDWARD A., JR. CUDAHY, JOSEPH M. CUMMINGS, D. MARK CUNNINGHAM, FRANK S. CUTTEN, ARTHUR W. DAu,; sede DAVIES, D. C. DAVIES, Mrs. D. C. DAWES, CHARLES G. Day, ALBERT M. DECKER, ALFRED DEFREES, JOSEPH H. DELANO, FREDERIC A. DeEuTSCH, Mrs. ARMAND. 8. Dick, ALBERT BLAKE DIERSSEN, FERDINAND W. DONNELLEY, REUBEN H. DONNELLEY, THOMAS E. DOUGLAS, JAMES H. DRAKE, JOHN B. DRAKE, TRACY C. ECKHART, B. A. EDMUNDS, PHILIP S. EWING, CHARLES HULL Fair, ROBERT M. FARNUM, HENRY W. | | JAN. 1927. FARR, MISS SHIRLEY FARRINGTON, DR. OLIVER C. FARWELL, ARTHUR L. FARWELL, FRANCIS C. FARWELL, JOHN V. FARWELL, WALTER Fay, C. N. FELT, Dorr E. FENTON, HOWARD W. FERGUSON, LovIs A. FERRY, Mks. ABBY FARWELL FIELD, JOSEPH NASH, II FIELD, CAPTAIN MARSHALL FIELD, NORMAN FIELD, Mrs. NORMAN FIELD, Mrs. SARA CARROLL FIELD, STANLEY FLEMING, JOHN C. FORGAN, DAVID R. FORSYTH, ROBERT FYFFE, COLIN C. H. GARTZ, A. F. GARY, ELBERT H. GARY, Mrs. JOHN W. GETZ, GEORGE F. GLESSNER, JOHN J. GODDARD, LEROY A. GOODMAN, WILLIAM O. Goopricu, A. W. GOODSPEED, CHARLES B. GOWING, J. PARKER GRAHAM, ERNEST R. GRISCOM, CLEMENT A. HACK, FREDERICK C. HAMILL, ERNEST A. HARRIS, ALBERT W. HARRIS, NORMAN W. HARVEY, ForpD F. (N. R.) HASKELL, FREDERICK T. HASTINGS, SAMUEL M. HEYWORTH, JAMES O. HIBBARD, FRANK HILL, Louis W. HINDE, THOMAS W. HIppPAcH, Louis A. HOPKINS, J. M. Hopkins, L. J. Horowitz, L. J. Hoyt, N. LANDON HUGHES, THOMAS S. HUGHITT, MARVIN INSULL, SAMUEL INSULL, SAMUEL, JR. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 139 JELKE, JOHN F. JELKE, JOHN F., JR. JOHNSON, MRs. ELIZABETH AYER JONES, ARTHUR B. JONES, THOMAS D. KEEP, CHAUNCEY KELLER, THEODORE C. KELLEY, Mrs. DAPHNE FIELD KELLEY, RUSSELL P. KELLEY, WILLIAM VY. KING, CHARLES GARFIELD KING, FRANCIS KING, JAMES G. KIRK, WALTER RADCLIFFE KITTLE, C. M. KNICKERBOCKER, CHARLES K. KUPPENHEIMER, LOUIS B. LAMONT, ROBERT P, LANDON, MRS. JESSIE SPALDING (N. R.) LEHMANN, E. J. LEONARD, CLIFFORD M. LINN, W. R. LOGAN, SPENCER. H. LORD, JOHN B. LOWDEN, FRANK O. LYTTON, HENRY C. Mac DOWELL, CHARLES H. MaAc VEAGH, FRANKLIN MANIERRE, MRS. GEORGE MARK, CLAYTON MARKHAM, CHARLES H. MARSHALL, BENJAMIN H. MARTIN, WILLIAM P., Sr. MASON, WILLIAM S. McCorMICckK, Cyrus H. McCorMICK, Mrs. EDITH ROCKEFELLER McCorRMICK, HAROLD F. McCorMICK, STANLEY Mc CUTCHEON, JOHN T. McELWEE, ROBERT H. McINNERNEY, THOMAS H. - McKINLAy, JOHN MCcKINLOCK, GEORGE A. McLAUGHLIN, FREDERIC McLAUGHLIN, GEORGE D. Mc LENNAN, D. R. McLENNAN, HuGH McNULTY, T. J. MEYNE, GERHARDT F. MINER, W. H. MITCHELL, JOHN J. MoorE, EDWARD S. MORSE, CHARLES H., JR. MorTON, JOY MorRTON, MARK MUNROE, CHARLES A. NEWELL, A. B. NIKOLAS, G. J. NOEL, JOSEPH R. OAKLEY, HORACE S. O’BRIEN, JOHN J. ORMSBY, DR. OLIVER S. ORR, ROBERT M. PAESCH, CHARLES A. PALMER, HONORE PALMER, POTTER PATTEN, HENRY J. PATTEN, MRS. JAMES A. PATTERSON, JOSEPH M. PAYNE, JOHN BARTON PAYSON, GEORGE S. PEABODY, AUGUSTUS S. PERKINS, HERBERT F. Pick, ALBERT PIERCE, CHARLES [. PIEZ, CHARLES PIKE, CHARLES B. PIKE, EUGENE R. POPPENHUSEN, CONRAD H. PORTER, FRANK W. PORTER, GEORGE F. PORTER, GILBERT E. PortTER, H. H. RAWSON, FREDERICK H. RAYMOND, MRS. JAMES NELSON REA, Mrs. ROBERT L. REVELL, ALEXANDER H. REYNOLDS, GEORGE M. RILEY, HARRISON B. ROBINSON, THEODORE W. Rosson, Miss ALICE RopMAN, Mrs. KATHERINE FIELD RODMAN, THOMAS CLIFFORD ROSENWALD, JULIUS ROSENWALD, LESSING J. (N. R.) ROSENWALD, WILLIAM RUNNELLS, CLIVE RUNNELLS, JOHN S. RUSSELL, EDMUND A. RUSSELL, EDWARD P. RYERSON, MRS. CARRIE H. RYERSON, EDWARD L. RYERSON, MARTIN A. SARGENT, FRED WESLEY 140 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. SCHWEPPE, CHARLES H. Scott, FRANK H. SCOTT, GEORGE E. Scott, HAROLD N. ScoTT, JOHN W. SHAFFER, JOHN C. SHIRK, JOSEPH H. SIMPSON, JAMES SIMPSON, WILLIAM B. SMITH, ALEXANDER SMITH, SOLOMON A. SOPER, JAMES P. SPALDING, KEITH SPAULDING, Mrs. HOWARD H., JR. SPRAGUE, ALBERT A. STEARNS, CHARLES B., SR. STERN, MRS. ALFRED K. STERN, Mrs. EpGAR B. (N. R.) STEVENS, CHARLES A. STEWART, ROBERT W. STIRTON, ROBERT C. STOREY, W. B. STouT, FRANK D. STRAWN, SILAS H. STUDEBAKER, CLEMENT, JR. STURGES, GEORGE SUNNY, B. E. SWIFT, CHARLES H. SWIFT, EDWARD F. Swirt, G. F., JR. SWIFT, HAROLD H. SwIFtT, LOUIS F. THORNE, CHARLES H. THORNE, ROBERT J. TRAYLOR, MELVIN A. UIHLEIN, EDGAR J. UNDERWOOD, MORGAN P. VALENTINE, Louis L. VAN VECHTEN, RALPH VEATCH, GEORGE L. VILES, LAWRENCE M. WACKER, CHARLES H. WANNER, HARRY C. WARNER, EZRA JOSEPH WEBER, DAVID WELLING, JOHN P. WETMORE, FRANK O. WHEELER, CHARLES P. WHITE, F. EDSON WHITNEY, Mrs. JULIA L. WICKWIRE, Mrs. EDWARD L. WIEBOLDT, WILLIAM A. WILLARD, ALONZA J. Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate XVIII HALF LIFE-SIZE MORTUARY CLAY FIGURE REPRESENTING A LADY OF HIGH RANK OR PRINCESS The designs embroidered on the dress are exquisitely painted in colors China, T'ang Period (A.D. 618-906) Captain Marshall Field Expedition to China, 1923 JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. WILLITS, WARD W. WILSON, JOHN P., JR. WILSON, OLIVER T. WILSON, THOMAS E. WILSON, WALTER H. BLYTHE, HuGH FINLEY, WILLIAM H. McWILLIAMS, LAFAYETTE 141 WINSTON, GARRARD B. WINTER, WALLACE C. WOOLLEY, CLARENCE M. WRIGLEY, WILLIAM, JR. YATES, Davip M. DECEASED, 1926 SHEDD, JOHN G. SPOOR, JOHN A. STUART, ROBERT TRINZ, JOSEPH ASSOCIATE MEMBERS AARON, CHARLES ABBOTT, DONALD P., JR. ABBOTT, GORDON C. ABBOTT, W. R. ABBOTT, WILLIAM L. ABRAMS, PROF. DUFF A. ACOMB, JESSE P. ADAMICK, GUSTAV H. ADAMS, JOSEPH ADAMS, WILLIAM C. ADCOCK, Mrs. BHSSIB ADDLEMAN, SAMUEL W. ADLER, MAx AHLSCHLAGER, WALTER W. ALLBRIGHT, WILLIAM B. ALLEN, MRs. FRED G. ALSCHULER, ALFRED S. ALSIP, CHARLES H. ANDREWS, A. B. ANDRIN, Miss KATHERINE L. ARMBRUST, JOHN T. ARMBRUSTER, C. A. ARMOUR, PHILIP D. ARMOUR, MRS. P. D. ARMSTRONG, ARTHUR W. ARMSTRONG, MRS. FRANK H. ASHBY, W. B. ASHER, LOUIS E. ATWATER, WALTER HULL AURELIUS, Mrs. Marcus A. AUSTIN, HENRY W. AUSTRIAN, ALFRED S. BABSON, FRED K. BABSON, HENRY B. BacH, JULIUS H. BAER, MERVIN K. BAER, WALTER S. BAGGALEY, W. B. BAIRD, HARRY K. BAIRD, WYLLYS W. BAKER, Mrs. ALFRED L. BAKER, L. K. BALLENBERG, ADOLPH G. BARBOUR, JAMES J. BARNES, CECIL BARNES, JAMES M. BARNETT, OTTO R. BARNHART, Mrs. A. M. BARNHART, Miss GRACIA M. F. BARTHOLOMAE, Mrs. EMMA BARTHOLOMAY, HENRY BARTHOLOMAY, MRS. WILLIAM, JR. BARTLETT, Miss FLORENCE D. BARTLETT, FREDERIC C. BASTIAN, CHARLES L. BATEMAN, FLOYD L. BATTEY, P. L. BAvuER, A. BauM, MERVYN BAUMGARTEN, C. BECKER, BENJAMIN F. BECKER, BENJAMIN V. BECKER, H. T. BECKER, LOUIS BEIDLER, FRANCIS, II BEIL, CARL BELL, LIONEL A. BELL, ROBERT W. BENDER, C. J. BENSINGER, BENJAMIN E. BENSON, JOHN BENTLEY, ARTHUR BENTLEY, CYRUS BERMINGHAM, EDWARD J. BESLY, Mrs. C. H. BEVAN, Dr. ARTHUR DEAN BicHL, THOMAS A. BIDWELL, CHAS. W. BIGLER, Mrs. ALBERT J. BILLOW, ELMER E. BIRK, FRANK J. BISTOR, JAMES E. BLACKMAN, NATHAN L. BLAIR, EDWARD T. BLAKE, TIFFANY BLATCHFORD, CARTER BLATCHFORD, N. H., SR., BLAYNEY, THOMAS C. Buiss, Miss AMELIA M. BLocK, EMANUEL J. BLOME, RUDOLPH S. BLUM, DAVID BuuM, Harry H. BLUNT, J. He, JR: BODMAN, MRS. LUTHER BOERICKE, Mrs. ANNA BOLTER, JOSEPH C. BonDy, BERTHOLD BooMER, Dr. PAUL BootH, ALFRED BORLAND, MRS. BRUCE Born, MOSES BoscH, CHARLES BotH, WILLIAM C. BOURNE, RALPH H. BowEN, Mrs. LOUISE DE KOVEN BoyACK, HARRY Boyp, THOMAS M. BOYDEN, Miss ELLEN WEBB BOYDEN, Miss ROSALIE S. BOYDEN, MRS. WILLIAM C., JR. BOYNTON, MRs. C. T. BOYNTON, F. P. BRADLEY, J. DORR BLAIR, Mrs. NATALIE BRAMBLE, DELHI G. C. BRAND, MRS. EDWIN L., JR. BRANDES, A. G. BRANDT, CHARLES H. BRASSERT, HERMAN A. BRAUER, MRS. PAUL BRAUN, Mrs. MARTHA E. BRECKINRIDGE, PROF. S. P. BREMNER, Mrs. DAvID F. BRENDECKE, Miss JUNE BRENNAN, BERNARD G. BRIDGE, GEORGE S. Briaes, Mrs. GERTRUDE BRIGHAM, Miss F. M. Brock, A. J. BRODRIBB, LAWRENCE C. BROOME, THORNHILL Bross, Mrs. MASon Brown, A. W. 142 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTs, VOL. VII. BROWN, BENJAMIN R. BROWN, CHRISTY BROWN, DR. EDWARD M. BROWN, GEORGE D. BROWN, MRS. GEORGE DEWES BROWN, JOHN T. BROWNE, ALDIS J. BRUCKNER, WILLIAM T. BRUGMAN, JOHN J. BRUNDAGE, AVERY BRYANT, JOHN J., JR. Buck, Guy R. Buck, NELSON LEROY BUDLONG, JOSEPH J. BUEHLER, CARL BUEHLER, H. L. BUETTNER, WALTER J. BUFFINGTON, Mrs. M. A. BULLOCK, CARL C. BURKHOLDER, Dr. J. F. BURLEY, CLARENCE A. BURNHAM, MRS. E. Burry, MRS. WILLIAM BusBy, LEONARD A. BusH, DAvip D. BusH, Mrs. WILLIAM H. BuTLER, MRS. HERMON B. BUTLER, PAUL BUTLER, RUSH C. Butz, HERBERT O. Butz, ROBERT T. Butz, THEODORE C. BUZZELL, EDGAR A. BYFIELD, Dr. ALBERT H. CABLE; J. Hi; CAHN, DR. ALVIN R. CAHN, Morton D. CAHN, WILLIAM M. CALDWELL, J. T. CAMERON, DAN U. CAMERON, JOHN M. CAMERON, W. J. CAMPBELL, DELWIN M. CAMPBELL, HERBERT J. CAPPS, Dr. JOSEPH A. CARON, O. J. CARPENTER, FREDERIC IVES CARPENTER, GEORGE S. CARPENTER, HUBBARD CARPENTER, Miss ROSALIE S. CARQUEVILLE, Mrs. A. R. CARR, Mrs. CLYDE M. CARR, EDMUND S. CARR, GEORGE R. CARR, WALTER S. JAN. 1927. CARROLL, JOHN A. Gaury, J.C. CARTON, ALFRED T. CASE, ELMER G. CASEY, Mrs. JAMES J. CHANDLER, REUBEN G. CHAPIN, HENRY K. CHAPIN, HOMER C. CHATFIELD-TAYLOR, WAYNE CHEEVER, Mrs. ARLINE V. CHENEY, Dr. HENRY W. CHISHOLM, GEORGE D. CHRITTON, GEORGE A. CHURAN, CHARLES A. CLARK, AINSWORTH W. CLARK, CHARLES V. CLARK, Miss DorRotTHY S. CLARK, EDWIN H. CLARK, DR. PETER S. ‘CLARKE, CHARLES F. CLEVELAND, PAUL W. CLOUGH, WILLIAM H. CLOW, WILLIAM E., JR. COBURN, Mrs. LEwIs L. Copy, ARTHUR B. COHEN, GEORGE B. COLBURN, FREDERICK S. COLEMAN, ADELBERT E. COLEMAN, DR. GEORGE H. COLEMAN, LORING W.., JR. COLEMAN, WM. OGDEN COLIANNI, PAUL V. COLLINS, WILLIAM M. COLVIN, EDWIN M. COLVIN, Mrs. W. H., Sr. COMBES, Mrs. DorRA F. COMPTON, FRANK E. CONDON, JAMES G. CONNOR, F. H. Cook, Miss ALIcE B. COOKE, GEORGE ANDERSON CooKE, LESLIE L. COOLIDGE, FE. C. COONLEY, J. S. COONLEY, JOHN STUART, JR. COONLEY, PRENTISS L. COOPER, SAMUEL COREY, CHESTER CORMACK, CHARLES VY. COUNSELMAN, MRS. JENNIE E. COWDERY, EDWARD G. Cox, JAMES A. Cox, JAMES C. Cox, Mrs. RENSSELAER W. CRAGG, GEORGE L. CRANE, CHARLES R. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 143 CROMER, CLARENCE E. CUDAHY, EDWARD I. CULBERTSON, DR. CAREY CUNNINGHAM, JOHN T. CURRAN, HARRY R. CurTIS, AUGUSTUS D. CUSACK, HAROLD CUSHING, JOHN F. CUSHMAN, A. W. CUTTING, CHARLES S. DAHLBERG, MRS. B. G. DAKIN, DR. FRANK C. DASHIELL, C. R. DAVEY, Mrs. BRUCE C. DAVIS, ABEL DAVIS, DR. CARL DAVIS, FRED M. DAVIS, JAMES DAVIS, JAMES C. DAVIS, DR. NATHAN S&. III DAWES, E. L. Day, Mrs. MARK L. DEAGAN, JOHN C., SR. DEAHL, URIAH S. DE Costa, LEWIS M. DEE, THOMAS J. DEERY, THOMAS A., JR. DE KovEN, MRS. JOHN DE LANG, THEODORE O. DE LEz, Dr. JOSEPH B. DEMPSTER, Mrs. C. W. DENEEN, MRS. CHARLES 8S. DENNEBY, T. C. DENNIS, CHARLES H. DENT, GEORGE C. DEUTSCH, JOSEPH DEUTSCH, SAMUEL DE VRIES, DAVID DE VRIES, PETER DEWES, EDWIN P. DE WOLF, WALLACE L. Dick, ALBERT B., JR. DICKEY, Roy DICKINSON, F. R. DixON, ALAN C. DIXON, GEORGE W. DIxoNn, HOMER L. DIXON, WILLIAM WARREN DOBSON, GEORGE DOERING, OTTO C. DoeEtscH, Miss ANNA DoLE, ARTHUR, SR. DONAHUE, WILLIAM J. DONLON, Mrs. S. E. DONNELLEY, MISS NAOMI DONNELLEY, Mrs. R. R. DONNELLY, FRANK DONOHUE, EDGAR T. Doup, Mrs. LEvI B. DREYFUS, MOISE DRUMMOND, JAMES J. DUDLEY, LAURENCE H. DULANY, GEORGE W., JR. DULSKY, Mrs. SAMUEL DUNHAM, Miss Lucy BELLE DUNHAM, MIss M. V. DUPEB, Mrs. F. KENNETT DURAND, Scott S. DURBIN, FLETCHER M. Dux, JOSEPH G. EK ASTERBERG, G. J. EASTMAN, MRS. GEORGE H. EASTMAN, R. M. ECKHART, PERCY B. ECKSTEIN, H. G. ECKSTEIN, LOUIS Eppy, Mrs. ARTHUR J. Eppy, GEORGE A. Eppy, THOMAS H. EDWARDS, MIss EDITH E. EGAN, W. B. EHRMAN, EDWIN H. EIGER, OSCAR S. EISENDRATH, ROBERT M. ELCOCK, EDWARD G. ELLBOGEN, ALBERT L. ELuLIoTT, DR. CHARLES A. ELLIOTT, FRANK R. ELLIS, HOWARD ELLSWORTH, MRs. E. O. ELTING, PHILIP L. F. Evy, Mrs. C. MORSE ENGWALL, JOHN F. EPSTEIN, MAX ERICSON, MELVIN B. ERICSSON, H. ERICSSON, WALTER H. ERNST, Mrs. LEO ERSKINE, ALBERT DE WOLF EUSTICE, ALFRED L. Evans, Mrs. DAVID EVANS, Hon. EvAN A. EVANS, Mrs. GRACE Ross FABRY, HERMAN FADER, A. L. FAGET, JAMES E. FAHRNEY, EZRA C. FAHRNEY, EH. H. FAITHORN, WALTER E. 144 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. FARNHAM, Mrs. Harry J. FARR, NEWTON CAMP FARRELL, REV. THOMAS F, FAULKNER, MISS ELIZABETH FAUROT, HENRY FAUROT, HENRY, JR. Fay, Miss AGNES M. FECKE, Mrs. FRANK J. FELIX, BENJAMIN B. FELLOWS, W. K. FENTRESS, CALVIN FERGUSON, CHARLES W. FERNALD, CHARLES FERNALD, ROBERT W. FETZER, WADE FILEK, AUGUST FINN, JOSEPH M. FISH, ISAAC FLEXNER, WASHINGTON FLORSHEIM, MILTON S. FoLey, REV. WILLIAM M. FOOTE, PETER FOREMAN, EDWIN G., JR. FOREMAN, HAROLD E. FOREMAN, HENRY G. FOREMAN, OSCAR G. FORESMAN, Mrs. W. COATES FORGAN, ROBERT D. FORMAN, CHARLES FOSTER, STEPHEN A. FOSTER, VOLNEY FostER, Mrs. WILLIAM C. FRANK, DR. IRA FRANKENSTEIN, W. B. FREAR, A. EDWARD FREEDMAN, Dr. I. VAL FREER, ARCHIBALD H. FRENIER, A. B. FREUND, CHARLES E. FREUND, I. H. FREY, CHARLES DANIEL FRIDSTEIN, MEYER FRIEDLANDER, JACOB FRIEDMAN, OSCAR J. FRIESTEDT, ARTHUR A. Fry, HENRY I. FULLER, JUDSON M. FULLER, LEROY W. FuRST, EDUARD A. GABRIEL, CHARLES GALLAGHER, VINCENT G. GALL, HARRY T. GALLUP, ROCKWELL GALVIN, WM. A. GARCIA, JOSE JAN. 1927. GARDEN, HucH M. GARDNER, ADDISON L. GARDNER, ADDISON L., JR. GARDNER, MRs. JAMES P. GARDNER, PAUL E. GARDNER, ROBERT A. GARNER, HARRY J. GARY, FRED ELBERT GATELY, RALPH M. GATES, L. F. GATES, PHILETUS W. GATZERT, AUGUST GAWNE, MIss CLARA J. GAY, REv. A. ROYAL GAYLORD, DUANE W. GEORGE, FRED W. GERTS, WALTER S. GETZOFF, E. B. GIBBONS, JOHN W. GILBERT, Miss CLARA C. GILES, CARL C. GILLMAN, MorrIs GILLSON, Louis K. GINTHER, Miss MINNIE C. GIRARD, Mrs. ANNA -GLASNER, RUDOLPH W. GLORE, CHARLES F. GOEDKE, CHAS. F. GOEHST, Mrs. JOHN HENRY GOLDEN, Dr. IsAAc J. K. GOLDENBERG, SIDNEY D. GOLDY, WALTER I. GOODMAN, BENEDICT K. GOODMAN, Mrs. HERBERT E. GOODMAN, Mrs. KENNETH S&S. GOODMAN, MILTON F. GOODMAN, WILLIAM FE. GOOoDROW, WILLIAM GOODSPEED, Mrs. W. F. GORDON, Mrs. RoBErRT D. GORMAN, GEORGE E. GOSHERT, J. FRED Goss, CHARLES O. GOTTFRIED, C. M. GOTTSCHALK, GUSTAV H. GRADLE, Dr. Harry S. GRAF, ROBERT J. GRAMM, Mrs. HELEN GRANGER, ALFRED GRAVES, HOWARD B. GRAY, CHARLES W. GREENBERG, ANDREW H. GREENE, CHARLES F. GREENEBAUM, JAMES E. GREENEBAUM, M. E., JR. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. GREENLEE, JAMES A. GREENSFELDER, Dr. LouIsS A. GREGORY, CLIFFORD Y. GREGORY, STEPHEN S., JR. GREGSON, WILLIAM L. GREY, CHARLES F. GREY. HOWARD G. GREY, WALTER CLARK GRIFFITH, ENOCH L. GRIFFITHS, JOHN GRIMM, WALTER H. GRIZZARD, JAMES A. Gross, Mrs. EMILY GROSSMAN, FRANK I. GUENZEL, LOUIS GULBRANSEN, AXEL G. GULICK, JOHN H. GUNDLACH, ERNEST T. GUNTHORP, WALTER J. HAAS, MAURICE HADLEY, Mrs. EDWIN M. HAGGARD, JOHN D. HAGNER, FRED L. HAIGHT, GEORGE I. HAin, TR: HALDEMAN, WALTER §S. HALE, Mrs. SAMUEL HALE, WILLIAM B. HALL, DAVID W. EFAT YT. 3. HALLMANN, AUGUST F. HALPERIN, AARON HAMILL, ALFRED E. HAMILL, CHARLES H. HAMILL, ROBERT W. HAMLIN, PAUL D. HAMM, EDWARD F. Hammitt, Miss FRANCES M. HANSEN, JACOB W. HANSON, JAMES L. HARBISON, L. C. HARDIE, GEORGE F. HARDIN, JOHN H. HARDING, G. F. HARDING, RICHARD T. HARDINGE, FRANKLIN HARPER, ALFRED C. HART, HERBERT L. HARTWELL, FRED G. HARVEY, RICHARD M. HASKELL, Mrs. GEORGE E. HEALY, Mrs. MARQUETTE A. HEANEY, DR. N. SPROAT HEBERLEIN, MisS AMANDA F, HEcHT, F. A., JR. 145 146 FreLD MuseuM OF; NATURAL HISTORY—REPorRTS, VoL. VII. HEIMAN, MARcUS HEINE, Mrs. ALBERT HEINEMAN, OSCAR HELLER, ALBERT HELLYER, WALTER HENLEY, EUGENE H. HENRY, OTTO HERRICK, W. D. HERRON, JAMES C. HERWIG, GEORGE HERWIG, WILLIAM D., JR. Hess, Mrs. CHARLES WILBUR HETTLER, HERMAN H. HEUN, ARTHUR HEYWORTH, Mrs. JAMES O. HIBBARD, Mrs. W, G. HIGGINS, JOHN HIGINBOTHAM, HARLOW N. HIGLEY, Mrs. CHARLES W. HILDEBRAND, GRANT M. HILLBRECHT, HERBERT EF. HILLE, Dr. HERMANN HINKLEY, JAMES O. HINSBERG, STANLEY K. HIRD, FREDERICK H. * HISTED, J. ROLAND HIXON, ROBERT HOELSCHER, HERMAN M. HOGAN, ROBERT E. HOIER, WILLIAM V. HOLDEN, EDWARD A. HOLLIS, HENRY L. HONSIK, Mrs. JAMES M. HOovnEr, F. E. HOOVER, FRANK K, HOOVER, H. EARL Hoover, RAY P. Hopes, ALFRED S. HOPKINS, FARLEY HOPKINS, JOHN L. HORAN, DENNIS A. HORCHER, WILLIAM W. Horst, Curt A. HORTON, GEORGE T. HorTON, HORACE B. HOSBEIN, Louis H. HOSMER, PHILIP HOWARD, HAROLD A. HOWARD, WILLIS G. Howk, CHARLES ARTHUR HOWE, WARREN D. HOWELL, WILLIAM HOWSE, RICHARD Hupson, Mrs. H. NEWTON HUDSON, WILLIAM E. Huey, Mrs. ARTHUR S. HuFF, THOMAS D. HUGHES, JOHN E. HUNTER, SAMUEL M. HurpD, N. L. HURLEY, EDWARD N., SR. HUTCHINS, JAMES C. HUTCHINSON, SAMUEL S. HYNES, REv. J. A. ICKES, RAYMOND ILG, ROBERT A. ISHAM, HENRy P. JACKSON, ALLAN JACKSON, W. J. JACOBI, Miss EMILY JACOBS, HYMAN A. JACOBS, SIEGFRIED T. JAFFRAY, MRS. DAVID S., JR. JAMES, WILLIAM R. JARRATT, Mrs. WALTER J. JENKINS, MRs. JOHN E. JENKS, R. WILLIAM SHIPPEN JENNINGS, ODE D. JERGER, WILBUR JOSEPH JETZINGER, DAVID JIRKA, DR. FRANK J. JIRKA, DR. ROBERT JOHNSON, ALBERT M. JOHNSON, ALFRED JOHNSON, ALVIN O. JOHNSON, ARTHUR L. JOHNSON, JOSEPH F. JOHNSON, OLAF B. JOHNSTON, ARTHUR C. JOHNSTONE, GEORGE A. JOHNSTONE, DR. MARY M.S. JONES, FRED B. JONES, Miss GWETHALYN JONES, G. H. JONES, JAMES B. JONES, WARREN G. JOSEPH, LOUIS L. Joy, Guy A. JOYCE, DAVID G. JOYCE, JOSEPH JUDAH, NOBLE BRANDON JUERGENS, H. PAUL JUERGENS, WM. F. KAHN, GUS. KAHN, LOUIS KALACINSKI, Mrs. FELIX KANE, JEROME M. KAPLAN, NATHAN D. JAN. 1927. KARPEN, ADOLPH KASPAR, OTTO KAVANAGH, MAURICE F. KEEHN, GEORGE W. KEENEY. A. F. KEITH, STANLEY KELLOGG, Mrs. M. G. KELLY, JAMES J. Kemp, Mrs. E. M. KEMPNER, STAN. KESNER, JACOB L. KILBOURNE, L. B. KINSEY, FRANK KINTZEL, RICHARD KIRCHER, REV. JULIUS KITTREDGE, R. J. KLEIN, HENRY A. KLINE, SOL. KLINETOP, MRS. CHARLES W. KLINK, A. F. KOHLER, ERIC L. Kopr, WILLIAM P. KOTAL, JOHN A. KRrarFt, C. H. KRAFT, JAMES L. KRAFT, NORMAN KRALOVEC, EMIL G. KRAMER, LEROY KRAUS, PETER J. KRAUSE, JOHN J. KRETSCHMER, DR. HERMAN L. KROEHL, HOWARD KROHMER, WILLIAM F. KRUEGER, LEOPOLD A. KRUTCKOFF, CHARLES KuH, Mrs. EDWIN J., JR. KUHN, FREDERICK KuRTZON, MorRRIS LACKOWSKI, FRANK E. LAFLIN, LouISs E., JR. LA GUSKE, MRS. CHESTER LAMPERT, Mrs. LypDIA LANAHAN, Mrs. M. J. LANDRY, ALVAR A. LANE, Ray E. LANE, WALLACE, R. LANGLAND, JAMES LARIMER, HOWARD S. LARSON, BRorR O. LASKER, ALBERT D. LAUREN, NEWTON B. LAURITZEN, C. M. LAUTMANN, HERBERT M. LAWSON, A. J. | LAYLANDER, O. J. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. LEAHY, THOMAS F. LEBENSOHN, Dr. MAYER H. LEFENS, MISS KATHERINE J. LEFENS, WALTER C. LEGGE, ALEXANDER LEHMANN, Miss AUGUSTA E. LEISTNER, OSCAR LE Moon, A. R. LEONARD, ARTHUR G. LESLIE, JOHN H. LETTS, Mrs. FRANK C. LEVAN, REv. THOMAS F. LEVERONE, Louis E. LEVINSON, MrRs. S. O. LEVITAN, BENJAMIN LEVY, ALEXANDER M. LEWIS, DAVID R. LEWIS, Fay J. LICHTSTERN, ADOLPH J. LIEBMAN, A. J. LINDENBERG, ALBERT LINDHEIMER, B. F. LINDHOLM, CHARLES V. LINGLE, BOWMAN C. LIPMAN, ROBERT R. LITTLER, HARRY E., JR. LIVINGSTON, JULIAN M. LIVINGSTON, Mrs. MILTON L. LLEWELLYN, PAUL LLOYD, WILLIAM BROSS LOESCH, FRANK J. LOEWENBERG, I. S. LOEWENTHAL, RICHARD LOGAN, JOHN I. LONG, WILLIAM E. LORD, ARTHUR R. LorD, Mrs. RUSSELL LOUCKS, CHARLES O. LOVE, CHASE W. LOVELL, WILLIAM H. LOVGREN, CARL LOWNIK, DR. FELIX J. LUCEY, PATRICK J. LUDINGTON, NELSON J. LUEDER, ARTHUR C. LUFKIN, WALLACE W. LUTTER, HENRY J., SR. LYDON, Mrs. WILLIAM A. LYFORD, HARRY B. LYFORD, WILLIAM H. LYON, CHARLES H. LYON, FRANK R. LYON, Mrs. THOMAS R. LYTTON, GEORGE 147 148 FIELD MusEuM oF NATURAL HistoRY—REports, VOL. VII. MaAAss, J. EDWARD Mac CARDLE, H. B. MACKINSON, Dr. JOHN C. Mac L&ISH, JOHN E. MADLENER, Mrs. ALBERT F. MAGAN, MIss JANE A. MAGEE, HENRY W. MAGNUS, AUGUST C. MAGWIRE, Mrs. Mary F. MAIN, WALTER D. MALONE, WILLIAM H. MANDEL, MRS. BABETTE F. MANDEL, EDWIN F. MANDEL, Mrs. FREDERICK MANIERRE, FRANCIS E. MANIERRE, LOUIS MANN, JOHN P. MANSURE, EDMUND L. MARINER, W. E. MARK, ANSON MARKS, LOUIS Margulis, A. N. Mars, G. C. MARTIN, Mrs. FRANKLIN H. MARTIN, HORACE HAWES MARTIN, W. B. MARTIN, WELLS MASON, WILLARD J. MASSEE, B. A. MASSEY, PETER J. MATTHIESSEN, FRANK Matz, Mrs. RUDOLPH MAURAN, CHARLES §. MAURITZEN, H. A. MAYER, ISAAC H. McCAULEY, JOHN E. McBRIDE, Mrs. WALTER J. McCARTHY, EDMOND J. McCARTHY, JOSEPH W. McC.LueER, W. B. McCorpD, DOWNER McCormick, Mrs. CyRus, JR. McCorMIcK, HOWARD, H. McCormick, L. HAMILTON McCorMICcK, ROBERT H., JR. McCRACKEN, MISS WILLIETTA McDouGAL, Mrs. JAMES B. McDouGAL, Mrs. ROBERT McERLEAN, CHARLES V. McILVAINE, WILLIAM B. McKay, JAMES R. McKEEVER, BUEL McLAURY, WALKER G. MCLENNAN, Mrs. JOHN A. McNAMARA, LOUIS G. McNULTY, JOSEPH D. MEDSKER, DR. ORA L. MERRILL, HENRY S. MERZ, EDWARD E. MEYER, ABRAHAM MEYER, ABRAHAM W. MEYER, ALBERT MEYER, CARL MEYER, E. F. MEYER, OSCAR MEYERCORD, G. R. MILHENING, FRANK MILHENING, JOSEPH MILLARD, FRANK H. MILLER, CHARLES B. MILLER, Mrs. DARIUS MILLER, HYMAN MILLER, JOHN S. JR. MILLER, DR. JOSEPH L. MILLER, WALTER F. MILLS, ALLEN G. MILLS, JOHN, SR. MINER, DR. CARL MINER, H. J. MITCHELL, LEEDS MITCHELL, WILLIAM H. Mock, Dr. HARRY EDGAR MODERWELL, C. M. MOELLER, REV. HERMAN H. MOFFATT, MRS. ELIZABETH M. Mour, ALBERT MoHR, WM. J. MOoLLoy, DAvip J. MONROE, WILLIAM S. Moopy, MRs. WILLIAM VAUGHN Moore, PHILIP WYATT Moos, JOSEPH B. MorRAN, Miss MARGARET MORAND, SIMON J. MoREY, CHARLES W. MORGAN, ALDEN K. MoRGAN, Mrs. KENDRICK E, MORRILL, NAHUM Morriss, Mrs. SEYMOUR MORRISON, MRS. CHARLES E. MORRISON, JAMES C. MORRISON, MATTHEW A. MORRISSON, JAMES W. MorskE, ROBERT H. MORTON, STERLING MouatT, ANDREW Mowry, LouIs C. MupceE, Mrs. Joun B. MUELLER, A. M. MUELLER, PAUL H. AoY "M1 *S AG peyPeTloD ozs [VInjeu pALYJ-9UO IO K MON ‘opTAUBLD OTPPLAL uOZMOPY, URLIquIe?) JoMo'T (evsnpewoosid) HSII-ATIAL TISSO AsoysiFT [eanyeN jo wmoesny] pelt XIX $7%1d ‘ITA ‘OA ‘s}Htodey JAN. 1927. MULHOLAND, WILLIAM H. MURPHY, ROBERT E. MURPHY, WALTER P. NASON, ALBERT J. NEELY, Miss CARRIE BLAIR NEHLS, ARTHUR L. NELLEGER, Mrs. JAY C. NELSON, EDWARD A. NELSON, FRANK G. NELSON, NILS A. NELSON, N. J. NEWHALL, R. FRANK NICHOLS, GEORGE P. NICHOLS, MRS. GEORGE R. NICHOLS, J. C. NICHOLS, S. F. NICHOLSON, THOMAS G. NOBLE, ORLANDO NOELLE, JOSEPH B. NOONAN, EDWARD J. NORCROSS, FREDERIC F. NorTON, R. H. Novak, CHARLES J. Noyes, DAvip A. NYMAN, Dr. JOHN EGBERT OBERFELDER, HERBERT M. OBERFELDER, WALTER S. O’BRIEN, FRANK J. O’ CALLAGHAN, EDWARD ODELL, WILLIAM R. O’DONNELL, Miss ROSE OFFIELD, JAMES R. O’KrEFE, Mrs. DENNIS D. OLDEFEST, EDWARD G. OLIVER, F. 8. OLIVER, Mrs. PAUL OLSEN, GUSTAF Omo, DON L. OPPENHEIMER, Mrs. HARRY D. OPPENHEIMER, JULIUS O’ROURKE, ALBERT ORTHAL, A. J. ORTMAYER, DR. MARIE OSTROM, CHARLES S. Otis, Miss EMILy H. OTIs, J. SANFORD OTIS, JOSEPH E. OTIS, JOSEPH E., JR. OTIS, RAYMOND OTIs, R. C. OTIS, STUART H. OUSKA, JOHN A. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. PAASCHE, JENS A. PACE, J. MADISON PAEPCKE, MRS. ELIZABETH J. PAEPCKE, WALTER P. PAGE-W0OOD, GERALD PARDRIDGE, ALBERT J. PARDRIDGE, Mrs. E. W. PARKER, FRANK B. PARKER, WOODRUFF J. PASCHEN, Mrs. ANNETTE A. PATRICK, Miss CATHERINE PATRICK, DR. Hucu T. PAULING, EDWARD G. PEABODY, HOWARD B. PEABODY, Miss SUSAN W. PEACOCK, ROBERT E. PEACOCK, WALTER C. PEARSE, LANGDON PEARSON, F. W. PEART, WILLIAM PELLEY, JOHN J. PELTIER, M. F. PEN DELL, CHARLES W. PERKINS, A. T. PERRY, I. NEWTON PETERKIN, DANIEL PETERS, HARRY A. PETERSEN, DR. WILLIAM F. PETERSON, JURGEN PETERSON, ALEXANDER B. PHTRU, E. J. PHEMISTER, DR. D. B. PHILLIP, PETER 149 PHILLIPS, MONTAGU AUSTIN, (N.R.). PICHER, Mrs. OLIVER S. Pick, ALBERT, JR. PIERCE, PAUL PIOTROWSKI, NICHOLAS L. PIRIE, Mrs. JOHN T. PLATT, HENRY RUSSELL POLK, Mrs. STELLA F. POLLOCK, Dr. Harry L. PonD, IRVING K. Poot, MARVIN B. PooLe, Mrs. FREDERICK ARTHUR POOLE, GEORGE A. Poor, FRED A. Poor, Mrs. FRED A. Pops, FRANK PopE, HENRY, SR. Pore, HERBERT POPPENHAGEN, HENRY PORTER, MRS. FRANK S. PORTER, JAMES F. Post, GORDON W. Post, MRS. PHILIP SIDNEY POWELL, Mrs. AMBROSE V. PRAHL FREDERICK A. PRIMLEY, WALTER S. PRUSSING, MRS. GEORGE C. PusEY, DR. WILLIAM ALLEN QUINLAN, CHARLES SHEPARD RADAU, HuGco RAFTREE, Miss JULIA M. RANDLE, HANSON F. RASMUSSEN, GEORGE READE, WILLIAM A. REDINGTON, F. B. REDINGTON, Mrs. W. H. REED, KERSEY COATES REED, Norris H. REGENSTEINER, THEODORE REGNERY, WILLIAM H. REHM, FRANK A. REHM, WILLIAM H. REICH, Miss ANNIE REID, Mrs. BRYAN RENWICK, EDWARD A. Rew, Mrs. IRWIN REYNOLDS, ARTHUR REYNOLDS, EARLE H. RICE, GEORGE L. RIcH, EDWARD P. RICHTER, Mrs. ADELYN W. RICHTER, BRUNO RICKETTS, C. LINDSAY RIDDLE, HERBERT H. RIDGEWAY, E. RIDGWAY, WILLIAM RIEMENSCHNEIDDER, Mrs. J. H. RIGNEY, WILLIAM T. RIPLEY, ROBERT H. RISER, JOHN A. RITMAN, HYMAN B. RITTENHOUSE, CHAS. J. ROACH, CHARLES ROBERTS, CLARK T. ROBERTS, JOHN M. ROBERTSON, WILLIAM ROBINSON, Mrs. MILTON E., SR. RoBSON, Mrs. SARAH C. RODERICK, SOLOMON P. RopGERS, Dr. DAVID C. ROEHLING, C. E. _ ROEHLING, Mrs. OTTo G. ROGERS, BERNARD F. RocgErs, Dr. Cassius C. RoMER, MisS DAGMAR E. ROSENFIELD, Mrs. MAURICE 150 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII. ROSENTHAL, JAMES Ross, THOMPSON Ross, WALTER S. RotTH, AARON ROTHACKER, WATTERSON R. ROTHSCHILD, GEORGE W. ROTHSCHILD, MAURICE L. ROTHSCHILD, MELVILLE N. ROWE, EDGAR C. RUBOVITS, TOBY RUECKHEIM, F. W. RUSSELL, DR. J. W. RUTLEDGE, GEORGE E, RYERSON, EDWARD L., JR. RYERSON, JOSEPH T. SALISBURY, Mrs. WARREN M. SARGENT, JOHN R. W. SARGENT, RALPH SAUTER, FRED J. SAUTER, LEONARD J, SCHACHT, JOHN H. SCHAFFNER, MRs. JOSEPH SCHAFFNER, ROBERT C. SCHERMERHORN, W. I. SCHLAKE, WILLIAM SCHMITZ, DR. HENRY SCHMITZ, NICHOLAS J. SCHOELLKOPF, HENRY SCHROEDER, DR. GEORGE H. SCHUKRAFT, WILLIAM SCHULMAN, A. S. SCHULZE, WILLIAM SCHUYLER, Mrs. DANIEL J., JR. SCHWARZ, HERBERT Scott, FRANK H. Scott, ROBERT L. SEABURY, CHARLES W. SEAMAN, GEORGE M. SEARS, J. ALDEN SEAVER, A. E. SEEBURG, JUSTUS P. SEIP, EMIL G. SEIPP, CLARENCE T. SEIPP, EDWIN A. SEIPP, WILLIAM C. SENCENBAUGH, MRS. G. W. SENG, FRANK J. SENG, J. T. SHAFFER, CARROLL SHAFFER, CHARLES B, SHAMBAUGH, DR. GEO. E. SHANNON, ANGUS R. SHAPIRO, MEYER SHARP, WILLIAM N. SHARPE, N. M. JAN. 1927. SHAW, ALFRED P. SHAW, Mrs. HowARD SHEEHY, EDWARD SHELTON, DR. W. EUGENE SHEPHERD, MRS. EDITH P. SHERIDAN, ALBERT D. SHIRE, MOSES E. SHOCKEY, MRS. WILLIS G. SHovup, A. D. SHUMWAY, Mrs. ED. DE WITT SHUMWAY, P. R. SHUTZ, ALBERT E. SIGMAN, LEON SILANDER, A, I. SILBERMAN, CHARLES SILVERTHORNE, GEO. M. SIMONDS, J. P. SIMONDS, O. C. SIMONEK, Dr. B. K. SINCERE, BENJAMIN SINGER, Mrs. MortTIMER H. SMITH, DOUGLAS SMITH, MRS. FRANK S8. SMITH, FRANKLIN P. SMITH, JESSE E. ~SmiItH, Mrs. KATHERINE WALKER SMITH, Mrs. THEODORE WHITE SMITH, WALTER BYRON SMITH, MRS. WILLIAM A. SMITH, Z. EROL SMULLAN, ALEXANDER SMULSKI, J. F. SNow, EpGcar M. SOMMER, ADAM SONNENSCHEIN, EDWARD SONNENSCHEIN, DR. ROBERT SORENSEN, JAMES SPINDLER, OSCAR STEFFEY, DAVID R. STEIN, BENJAMIN F. STEIN, Dr. IRVING STEIN, L. MONTEFIORE STEIN, SAMUEL M. STEIN, WILLIAM D. STEPHENS, W. C. STERN, ALFRED WHITAL STERN, DAVID B. STEVENS, DELMAR A. STEVENS, EDWARD J. STEVENS, ELMER T. STEVENS, EUGENE M. STEVENS, HAROLD L. STEVENS, Mrs. JAMES W. STEVENS, JAMES W. STEVENS, R. G. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 151 STEVENS, RAYMOND W. STEVENSON, E. STEWART, Miss AGNES N. STEWART, Miss EGLANTINE DAISY STEWART, Miss M. GRAEME STIRLING, Miss DorotTHy STRAUS, DAVID STRAUS, MARTIN L. STRAUS, S. J. T. STRAUSS, HENRY X. STREET, MRS. CHARLES A. STRICKFADEN, Miss ALMA E. STROBEL CHARLES L. STROMBERG, CHARLES J. STRONG, WALTER A. STROTZ, HAROLD C. 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VALENTINE, Mrs. May L. VALENTINE, PATRICK A. VAN CLEEF, PAUL VAN DEVENTER, CHRISTOPHER VAN NESS, GARDINER B. VAN SCHAICK, GERARD VAN ZWOLL, HENRY B. VEEDER, Miss JESSIE VEHON, MorRIS Victor, MRs. JESSIE K. VIERLING, LOUIS VoLicas, Dr. JOHN N. VOORHEES, CONDIT VoOPICKA, CHARLES J. WAGNER, Dr. G. W. WAGNER, JOHN E. WAGNER, Mrs. Mary G. WALLER, E. C. WALLER, H. P. WALLER, J. ALEXANDER WALLER, JAMES B., JR. WALLERICH, GEORGE W. WANNER, MRS. HENRY J. WARD, EDWARD J. E. WARE, Mrs. LYMAN WARFIELD, EDWIN A. WARREN, J. LATHAM WARWICK, W. E. WASHBURNE, CLARKE WASSELL, JOSEPH WATERMAN, Dr. A. H. Watts, HARRY C. WAYMAN, CHARLES A. G. WEAVER, CHARLES A. WEBB, GEORGE D. WEBER, BERNARD F. WEBER, FRANK C. WEBSTER, ARTHUR L. WEBSTER, MisS HELEN R. WEIL, ISADORE 152 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. WEIL, MARTIN WEILER, RUDOLPH WEINZELBAUM, LouIs L. WEISSENBACH, Mrs. MINNA K. WEISSKOPF, MAURICE J. WEISSKOPF, DR. MAX A. WELLS, ARTHUR H. WELLS, JOHN E. WELLS, PRESTON A. WELLS, THOMAS E. WELLS, Mrs. THOMAS E. WENDELL, BARRETT, JR. WENTWORTH, HUNT WEstT, Miss Mary SYLVIA WESTERFELD, SIMON WESTRICH, Miss T. C. WETTEN, ALBERT H. WETTLING, LOUIS E. WHEALAN, EMMETT WHEELER, GEORGE A. WHEELER, LEO W. WHEELER, LESLIE WHEELER, Mrs. ROBERT C. WHINERY, CHARLES C. WHITE, JOSEPH J. WHITE, ROBERT WHITING, Mrs. ADELE H. WHITLOCK, WILLIAM A. WIBoRG, FRANK B. WILLEY, MRS. CHARLES B. WILLIAMS, Miss ANNA P. » WILLIAMS, HARRY L. WILLIAMS, LUCIAN M. WILLIAMSON, GEORGE H. WILLIS, PAUL, JR. WILLIS, THOMAS H. WILMS, HERMAN P. WILSON, Mrs. JOHN R. WILSON, Miss LILLIAN M. WILSON, Mrs. MARGARET H. WILSON, Mrs. ROBERT CONOVER WILSON, WILLIAM G. WINSTON, HAMPDEN WINSTON, JAMES H. WINTERBOTHAM, JOHN H. WOJTALEWICZ, REV. FRANCIS M. WoLeEy, Dr. HARRY P. Wor, HENRY M. WoLF, WALTER B. Wo .trr, LovuIS Woop, JOHN G. Woop, ROBERT E. Woop, WILLIAM G. WOODRUFF, GEORGE WOODWARD, C. H. JAN. 1927. . WOOLLEY, CHARLES F., JR. WORCESTER, MRS. CHARLES H. WORK, ROBERT WoRMSER, LEO F. WRENN, MRs. EVERTS WRIGLEY, Mrs. CHARLES W. WRIGLEY, PHILIP K. YEGGE, C. FRED ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. YERKES, RICHARD W. YONDORF, MILTON S&S. ZIMMERMAN, HERBERT P. ZIMMERMAN, LOUIS W. ZORK, DAVID ZULFER, P. M. DECEASED, 1926 Brown, A. W. BUSHNELL, CHARLES E. EISENDRATH, W. N. FARRELL, BARTHOLOMEW JAMES HELMER, FRANK A. ISHAM, DR. GEORGE S. JURGENS, JOHN C. WARD, Mrs. A. MONTGOMERY SUSTAINING MEMBERS ADAMS, MRS. FRANCES SPROGLE ADGATE, FREDERICK W. - ALDERMAN, JEROME C. ALEXANDER, WALTER ALLEN, Mrs. EMMA W. ALLING, Mrs. VAN WAGENEN ALMES, DR. HERMAN E. ALsIp, Mrs. CHARLES H. ALTER, HARRY N. ALTON, CAROL W. AMIDON, ALFRED T. ANDERSON, O. HELGE ANDREWS, Dr. ALBERT H. ARMSTRONG, MRs. JULIAN S. ARNOLD, O. L. ARTINGSTALL, SAM G., JR. AYRES, HARRY M. BAILEY, EDWARD W. BAKER, FRANCIS S. BARNES, Mrs. CHARLES OSBORNE -BARNUM, HARRY H. BARRY, EDWARD C. BAss, JOHN F. BAUMRUCKER, CHARLES F. BAutz, ROBERT A. BEACH, FE. CHANDLER BENJAMIN, JACK A. BEREND, GEORGE F. BERNSTEIN, FRED BERRYMAN, JOHN B. BERTSCHINGER, DR. C. F. BEVEN, J. L. BIRD, GEORGE H. BISHOP, HOWARD P. BLACKBURN, OLIVER A. BLAIR, CHAUNCEY B. BLAIR, SAMUEL BLAKE, WILLIAM J. BLOMGREN, DR. WALTER L. BLOUNT, FREDERICK M. BLUMENTHAL, OSCAR BLUTHARDT, EDWIN BoDE, WILLIAM F. BOETTCHER, ARTHUR H. BOHASSECK, CHARLES Bown, Mrs. BERTHA BOWLBY BokuM, Norris H. Bos.ey, M. E. BOYNTON, A: J. BRENZA, Miss MARY BROWN, CHARLES A. BROWN, KENNETH C. BULLOCK, Mrs. JAMES E. BURGSTRESER, NEWTON BURGWEGER, Mrs. META DEWES BuRTCH, ALMON Buscu, ALBERT BUTLER, JOHN CAHILL, JAMES B. CAHN, BETRAM J. CAIRNS, Miss ANN May CANSBY, CALEB H. CAPES, LAWRENCE R. CARBERY, NORMAN A. 153 154 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII. CAREY, Mrs. WILLIAM P. DUNN, SAMUEL O. CARNEY, WILLIAM Roy DYCHE, WILLIAM A. CARY, DR. FRANK CASSELBERRY, Mrs. WILLIAM E. EDMONDS, HARRY C. CHADWICK, CHARLES H. EDWARDS, KENNETH P. CHALLENGER, Mrs. AGNES EISENSTAEDT, HARRY CHANDLER, Henry P. EISENSTEIN, SOL CHAPMAN, ARTHUR E. KITOL, Max CHAPMAN, Mrs. Doris L. 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GIBBS, DR. JOHN PHILIP DE LEMON, H. R. GILCHRIST, MRS. WILLIAM A. DEMING, EVERETT G. GILMER, DR. THOMAS L. DE WINDT, HEYLIGER A. GLENN, Mrs. J. M. DICKINSON, J. M. JR. GLICK, HARRY DICKINSON, THEODORE GOLDSTINE, DR. MARK T. DODGE, O. V. GOODE, ROWLAND T. DONNELLY, CHRIS J. GOODEN, G. E. DORMAND, W. L. GOODWIN, GEORGE S. DOUGLASS, KINGMAN GRANT, JAMES D. DOUGLASS, WILLIAM A. GRANT, JOHN G. DOWDLE, JOHN J. GRAVER, JAMES P. DREISKE, GEORGE J. GRAY, REv. JAMES M. DUBOW, JACOB A. GREEN, J. B. DUGAN, ALPHONSO G. GREENLEE, Mrs. WM. BROOKS DUNCAN, ALBERT G. GRIFFITHS, GEORGE W. DUNHAM, JOHN H. GRISWOLD, HAROLD T. DUNHAM, ROBERT J. GROTENHUIS, Mrs. WILLIAM J. DUNN, W. FRANK GRULEE, Lowry K. JAN. 1927. GUSTAFSON, JOHN C. HAAS, DR. RAOUL R. HAGEN, FRED J. HaicH, ALBERT E. HAJICEK, RUDOLPH F. HALL, EDGAR A., JR. HAMILTON, THOMAS B. HAND, GEORGE W. HANLEY, HENRY L. HANSON, Mrs. BURTON HART, GILBERT HARTMANN, A. O. HATTSTAEDT, WILLIAM O. J. HAuGAN, O. H. HEATON, HERMAN C. HEDBERG, HENRY E. HEIDKE, HERMAN L. HEINEMANN, EARL HELFRICH, J. HOWARD HENDERSON, DR. ELMER D. HENDERSON, THOMAS B. G. HENKEL, FREDERICK W. HERRICK, CHARLES E. HERSHEY, J. CLARENCE -HEwITT, Mrs. CHARLES M. HIGGINS, JOHN W. HILL, Mrs. LYSANDER Himrop, Mrs. FRANK W. HINTZ, JOHN C. HOGAN, FRANK HOLMES, GEORGE J. HOLMES, WILLIAM N. HORNER, Dr. DAvID A, HORNUNG, JOHN C. HotcHkIss, MILES E. HOTTINGER, ADOLPH HowE, WILLIAM G. HOYNE, FRANK C. Hoyt, Mrs. PHELPS B. HUBBARD, GEORGE W. HuGHES, JOHN W. HuLBERT, Mrs. MILAN H. HUME, JOHN T. HUNCKE, O. W. HUTCHINSON, FOYE P. ISAACS, CHARLES W., JR. IvES, CLIFFORD E. JACKSON, ARCHER L. JACOBI, HARRY JAFFE, DR. HERMAN JAMES, EDWARD P. JENKINS, Davip F. D. JERREMS, Mrs. D. EDWIN ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. JOHNSON, ARTHUR JOHNSON, CHESTER H. JOHNSON, ISAAC HORTON JOHNSON, THEODORE H. JOHNSTONE, DR. A. RALPH JONES, J. HARRY JONES, W. CLYDE KARPEN, MICHAEL Katz, Mrs. SIDNEY L. KAVANAGH, CLARENCE H. KELLY, D. F. KENDALL, MRS. VIRGINIA H. KENNEDY, DAVID E. 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MITCHELL, JOHN J., JR. MITCHELL, MRS. JOHN J., JR. MITCHELL, OLIVER Mour, EDWARD Mour, Miss HARRIET MONAGHAN, THOMAS H. Morse, Mrs. CHARLES J. MuRPHY, JOHN P. V. NADLER, DR. WALTER H. NATHAN, CLAUDE NEBEL, HERMAN C. NEILSON, MRS. FRANCIS NELSON, CHARLES G. NEUFFER, PAUL A. NEWHOUSE, KARL NIEMANN, FRED W. O’CoNNOR, Mrs. JOHN R. O’NEIL, JOHN P. OPPENHEIMER, ALFRED Ott, JOHN NASH PACKER, CHARLES SWASEY PARKER, DR. GASTON C. PARKER, DR. RALPH W. PARKINSON, ROBERT H. PARMELEE, DR. A. H. PAYNE, ARTHUR W. PEARSON, GEO. A., JR. Peck, Dr. DAVID B. PERKINS, Mrs. HERBERT F. PETERSON, ARTHUR J. PETERSON, AXEL A. PETERSON, Mrs. BERTHA I. PFLAUM, A. J. PHE.Lps, Mrs. W. lL. Piprce, Mrs. FRANK E. PIERCE, J. NORMAN PiIszATOWSKI, EDWARD B. PitcHER, Mrs. HENRY L. PLUNKETT, WILLIAM H. POLE, JAMES 8. 156 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTs, VOL. VII. : Post, FREDERICK, JR. Press, Mrs. JAcosB H. PROTHERO, DR. JAMES H. PUCKEY, F. W. PURCELL, J. D. PURDY, SPARROW E. PUTNAM, Miss MABEL C. RANDALL, IRVING RATHJE, WILLIAM J. RAYNER, ARNOLD P. REA, Dr. ALBERTINE L. RIcH, ELMER RICHARDSON, GEORGE RICHARDSON, Guy A. RICKCORDS, FRANCIS Rigs, Dr. EMIL RINDER, E. W. ROBBINS, HENRY S. ROCHE, MARTIN ROESSLER, CARL C. ROSENTHAL, KURT ROTHSCHILD, JUSTIN RoOuTH, GEORGE D., JR. RUECKHEIM, LOUIS RUTHERFORD, JOHN J. RYERSON, DONALD M. SANBORN, E. W. SAWYER, DR. ALVAH L. SCHEUNEMANN, ROBT. G. SCHIRESON, DR. HENRY J. SCHLITT, HERMAN J. SCHOLL, DR. WILLIAM M. SCHULZE, Mrs. MATHILDE SCHWEITZER, E. O. Scott, E. H. SHATTUCK, WALTER F. SHELDON, JAMES M. SILLS, CLARENCE W. SINCERE, CHARLES SKOOGLUND, DAVID SLADER, THOMAS SMITH, WALTER BOURNE SMITHIES, Dr. FRANK SONNEVELD, JACOB, SR. SPALDING, Mrs. CHARLES F. STEBBINS, FRED J. STRANDBERG, ERIC P. TAYLOR, CHARLES CORTLAND TEED, FRANK B. THOMPSON, C. E. TILDEN, LOUIS EDWARD TOOLEN, CLARENCE A. TORBET, A. W. TUCKER, S. A. UIMIOY “VY “9 AG punorsyoRg ‘VAOYOONY “F) “VY Pus sAossolsyy s [ng Aq AUN pPtxe 7, UOTjIpodx BIQUIN[OD YS ple, [jeysaeyy ureyded eBiquinjoy Yysiyugd “4oLriystd ARUe}00 ¥y LVOD NIVINQOOW AMOOUY HO dNOUD XX ld “ITA “A ‘s}1odoy a alias alae ce akc Aaa OED ne NEO nese er JAN. 1927. TURNER, Dr. B.S. TUTTLE, F. B. ULRICH, PERRY VALENTINE, STEPHEN Voss, ADOLPH G. WALKER, EDGAR H. WARE, MRS. CHARLES W. WASHBURNE, HEMPSTEAD, JR. WASHINGTON, LAURENCE W. Watson, Miss MInA M. WAUD, ERNEST P. WEBSTER, Dr. RALPH W. WECKER, WALTER A. WEIL, JOSEPH WEINHOEBER, GEORGE V. BOEDEKER, GEORGE A. BYFIELD, JOSEPH COALE, HENRY K. EVANS, MorGAN R. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. WEIs, S. W. WELLS, HARRY L. WELTER, JOHN N. WERNER, FRANK A. WHITE, SELDEN FREEMAN WILDER, JOHN E. WILKINSON, JOHN C. WILLIAMS, J. M. WILSON, Morris KARL WINDSOR, H. H., JR. Wo.r, Mrs. ALBERT H. Woop, Kay, JR. YONKERS, EDWARD H. ZERLER, CHARLES F’. ZIELINSKI, THEODORE J. 1926 HALSTEAD, Dr. ALBERT E. HOLLINGSHEAD, L. CARROLL Lewis, Dr. THOMAS H. MAYER, OscaR A. ANNUAL MEMBERS AARON, Evy M. ABBOTT, EDWIN H. ABBOTT, Guy H. ABEL, WILLIAM H. ABORN, E. A. ABRAHAMSON, HENRY M. ABRAHAMSON, JOHN ABRAMS, HYMAN B. Apt, Huco A. F. ABT, Dr. Isaac A. ACKERMAN, CHARLES N. ACKERT, CHARLES H. ADAMS, ALBERT §. ADAMS, C. E. B. ADAMS, CYRuSs H., JR. ADAMS, DAVID ADAMS, ERNEST E. ADAMS, FRANK R. ADAMS, Myron E. ADAMS, SAMUEL P. ADELMAN, SAM ADLER, DAVID ADLER, DR. HERMAN M. O. ADLER, LEO AFFLECK, BENJAMIN F., AHNFELT, JOHN ALBERS, DR. EDGAR H. ALCORN, WILLIAM R. ALDEN, W. T. ALDRICH, FREDERICK C. ALEXANDER, FRANKLIN E. ALLAIS, ARTHUR L. ALLEN, Dr. A. V. ALLEN, AMOS G. ALLEN, AUGUSTUS C. ALLEN, HARRY W. ALLEN, JOHN D. ALLEN PHILIP S. ALLMAN, GEORGE D. _ ALSBERG, LEWIS ALSCHULER, HON. SAMUEL ALTMAN, ROBERT M. ALTON, MRs. JESSE B. AMBERG, J. WARD ANDEL, JOHN ANDERSEN, ARTHUR ANDERSON, Mrs. A. 8S. ANDERSON, Mrs. ADELE ANDERSON, B. G. ANDERSON, BENJAMIN N. 157 158 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VII. ANDERSON, DAVID G. BAME, ADOLPH ANDERSON, JOHN ARTHUR BANGS, WILLIAM D. ANDERSON, JOHN E. BANKARD, E. HOOVER, JR. ANDERSON, NORMAN K. BANKS, CHARLES ACKERT ANDREEN, OTTO C. BANNING, SAMUEL W. ANDREWS, DR. BENJAMIN F. BARKER, LEWIS ANDREWS, DR. EDMUND BARLOW, Mrs. HENRY C. ANTHONY, CHARLES E. BARNES, CARL L. ANTONOW, SAMUEL L. BARNES, W. ARBUCKLE, MRs. G. S. BARRETT, M. J. P. ARENS, Dr. ROBERT A. BARRETT, OLIVER R. ARMSTRONG, EDWARD E. BARTELLS, DR. HENRY W. F. ARMSTRONG, MRS. KATHERINE BARTH, LEWIS L. ARN, W. G. BARTHOLF, WILLIAM J. ARNOLD, MRS. DEWITT R. BARTHOLOMAY, HERMAN ARNOLD, FRANCIS M. BARTHOLOMAY, WILLIAM., JR. ARQUETTE, GEORGE L. BARTLETT, CHARLES C. ARTHUR, GEORGE E. Bascom, F. T. ASCHER, FRED Bass, Dr. G. E. ASCHER, NATHAN Bass, Mrs. PERKINS ASHCRAFT, EDWIN M., JR. BATES, JOSEPH A. ASHCRAFT, R. M. BAUM, JAMES E., JR. ATKEISSON, Dr. J. E. H. Baum, Mrs. JAMES E., JR. AUBLE, WILSON C. BAUMANN, MRs. F. O. AUSTIN, DR. MARGARET H. BAUSCH, WILLIAM C. AUSTIN, WILLIAM B. BAXTER, DR. GEORGE E. AUSTRIAN, MRS. EDWIN BAXTER, JOHN E. AVERY, A. E. BAYLESS, HARRY C. AXELSON, CHARLES F. BAYLOR, Dr. FRANK W. AXMAN, SAMUEL H. BEACH, CALVIN B. AYERS, BURLEY B. BEACOM, HAROLD BEARDSLEY, MRS. MADELINE J. BAACKES, MRS. FRANK BECK, Dr. E. G. BABCOCK, ADOLPH BECK, HERBERT BABCOCK, Mrs. E. N. Breck, H. FREDERIC BaBCOCK, F. M. Brck, Dr. JoserH C. BABCOCK, ORVILLE EF. BECKER, LOTHAR BACHMANN, DR. HARROLD A. BECKWITH, Mrs. Epwin B. BACON, DR. C. S. BEERLY, G. E ; Gee BADGER, DR. SHREVE COWLES BEHRENS, GEORGE A. BAGGE, CHRISTIAN U. BEIDLER, AUGUSTUS F. BAGGOT, EDWARD B. BEIL, Harry H. BaILey, Dr. G. T. BELDEN, JOSEPH C. BAKER, ARTHUR R. BELINSKI, S. A. BAKER, CLAUDE M. BELL, HAYDEN N. BAKER, JAMES CHILDS BELLows, Mrs. L. E. H. BAKER, MIss LILLIAN BENNET, WILLIAM S. BALCH, HOWARD K. BENNETT, E. H. BALDWIN, E. H. BENNINGTON, HAROLD BALDWIN, J. F. BALDWIN, Miss ROSECRANS BALDWIN, WILLIAM BENSLER, ERNEST BALL. DR. FRED E BENTLEY, RICHARD 9 . e BALL, JOHN BENTON, Miss MABEL M. BALLARD, Mrs. E. S. BERENBAUM, SAMUEL BALLAS, A. L. Bera, Dr. O. H. BENOIST, WILLIAM F. = JAN. 1927. BERGER, HENRY A. BERGH, Ross F. BERGSTROM, O. BERKOWITZ, Dr. J. G. BERRY, H. Roy BESTEL, OLIVER A. BETTELHEIM, BERT BETTMAN, R. B. BIBBER, THOMAS H. BIDDLE, ROBERT C. BIEHN, DR. J. F. BIRD, HERBERT J. BIRKENSTEIN, GEORGE BIRKENSTEIN, LOUIS BISBEE, CHARLES A. BITTEL, MRS. FRANK J. BLACK, BENJAMIN H. BLACK, HERMAN BLACKFORD, WILBUR F. BLACKMAN, MIss GRACIA L. BLACKWOOD, DR. L. W. BLAINE, DR. EDWARD S. BLAKELEY, JOHN M. BLISS, CHARLES F. BLITZSTEN, Dr. N. LIONEL BLock, Dr. Louis H. BLOMQUIST, ALFRED BLONDER, EDWARD G. BLYTHE, MRs. J. W. BoBB, DWIGHT S. BoDMAN, Mrs. EDWARD W. BOHNER, WILLIAM F. BOHNETT, HARRY W. BOLLENS, WALTER BOu.gEs, C. E. BOLTEN, PAUL H. BOLTON, JOHN F. Boorn, WILLIAM C. Boot, Dr. G. W. BoRN, EDGAR R. Botts, GRAEME G. BOURNIQUE, ALVAR L. BOURQUE, DR. N. ODEON Bousa, Dr. B. Bovik, Mrs. ANNA BOWE, AUGUSTINE J. BOWEN, JOSEPH T., JR. BOWES, DR. WILLIAM J. BRACH, Mrs. EDWIN J. BRADFORD, THOMAS H. BRADLEY, CHARLES FE. BRADLEY, FRED J. BRADLEY, HERBERT E. BRADSTREET, PERCY W. BRAND, Mrs. RUDOLPH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 159 BRANDENBURG, MRs. O. H. BRANNEN, GEORGE L. BRAUN, ARTHUR J. BRAUN, DR. SAMUEL A. BRAWLEY, DR. FRANK E. BREEN, J. W. BRENNEMANN, DR. JOSEPH BREWER, EDWARD H. BREWER, Harry F. BREWSTER, WILLIAM E. BRIGGS, CARL R. BRIN, HARRY L. BRISCOE, GEORGE L. BRISTOL, JAMES T. BRODSKY, DR. JACOB BRoDSsky, J. J. Bropt, IRWIN W. BROMAN, DR. ROBERT BROOKS, ROBERT E. L. BROOKES, RALPH W. BROOME, JOHN SPOOR BROOME, Mrs. THORNHILL BROUGHAM, DR. EDWARD J. BROWER, JULE F. BROWN, ALVIA K. BROWN, DR. CALVIN E. BROWN, CHARLES W. BROWN, EDWARD EAGLE Brown, DR. JosHua M. BROWN, J. RICE BROWN, STEWART R. BRowN, DR. WILLIAM CULP BROWN, W. GRAY BRUCKER, DR. EDWARD A. BRUCKER, DR. MATTHEW W. BRYANT, DONALD R. BUCHANNON, BYRON BUCHBINDER, DR. J. R. BUCHEN, Mrs. WALTHER Buck, DR. ALFRED L. Buck, Mrs. LILLIAN B. BUCKINGHAM, JOHN BUCKINGHAM, TRACY W. BUDDEKE, I. W. BUELL, MRS. CHARLES C. BUHMANN, GILBERT G. BUKOFZER, DR. ERIK BUKOWSKI, PETER I. BULL, GORDON W. BULLARD, SELLAR BUNCK, EDWARD C. BUNGE, AUGUST H., SR. BUNKER, CHARLES C. BuUNN, B. H. BUNTING, Guy J. BUNZEL, PAUL M. BURDICK, DR. ALFRED S, BURKHARDT, CHARLES E. BURGMEIER, JOHN M. BURNHAM, CLAUDE G. BURNHAM, D. H. BURNHAM, HUBERT BURNS, JOHN J. BURNSTINE, M. H. BuRR, MAURICE Burrows, Dr. GENE BuRRY, WILLIAM, JR. BURTON, FRED A. BUSCH, FRANCIS X. BUSHONVILLE, JAMES T. BUSSIAN, JOHN A. BUTLER, EDWARD P. Butzow, Dr. ARTHUR M. BuXBAUM, DR. HENRY BYRNE, DR. M. W. K. BYRNE, THOMAS H. CAHN, BENJAMIN R. CALDWELL, DR. CHARLES P. CALDWELL, LOUIS G. CALLAHAN, Mrs. A. F. CALLNER, JOSEPH M. CALVIN, DR. JOSEPH K. CAMP, BENJAMIN B. CAMP, CURTIS B. CAMPBELL, ANDREW L. CAMPBELL, ARGYLE CAMPBELL, MRS. ISAIAH CAMPBELL, ROBERT A. CAMPBELL, ROBERT W. CAMPE, FRANK O. CARD, JOSEPH B. CAREY, FRANK L. CARLETON, STANLEY CARLILE, WILLIAM B. CARLIN, LEO J. CARLS, DR. FRED G. CARLSEN, CHARLES J. CARLSEN, DR. HALDOR CARNAHAN, Mrs. GLEN C. CARPENTER, JOHN ALDEN CARPENTER, W. W.S. CARROLL, MICHAEL A. CARTER, ALLAN J. CARTER, FREDERICK M. CASAVANT, GUSTAV A. Cass, Mrs. Roy H. CASSELS, G. J. CASSIDY, WILLIAM J. CASTENHOLZ, W. B. CASTLE, SYDNEY 160 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTs, Vou. VII. CATES, DUDLEY CAVENEE, Mrs. C. M. CERF, LouIs R. CERVENKA, JOHN A. CESSNA, DR. CHARLES E. CHAMBLIN, MRS. WILLIAM F. CHAMPION, HARRY A. CHANDLER, C. F. CHANDLER, CHARLES H. CHANDLER, FRANK R. CHAPIN, RUFUS, F. CHAPMAN, Mrs. JOHN A. CHAPMAN, WILLIAM GERARD CHASE, SAMUEL T. CHATTIN, WILLIAM CHAVIS, DR. SAMUEL W. CHESTER, H. H. CHILDS, KENT C. CHILDS, LESTER C. CHISLETT, DR. HOWARD R. CHRISTENSEN, HENRY C. CHRISTIANSEN, DR. HENRY CHRISTIE, Dr. Roy E. CHRISTIE, SIGURD A. CHRISTOFFERSON, Dr. E. A. CHUNN, CLAY D. CHURAN, LEO M. CHURCHILL, RICHARD S. CIOTOLA, DR. E. CLAPP, Dr. HUBERT B. CLARK, DR. CHARLES C. CLARK, HARRY B. CLARK, H. K. CLARK, JAMES D. CLARK, MANCEL T. CLARK, RALPH C. CLARKE, BROADUS J. CLAUSSEN, EDMUND J. CLAVEY, F. B. CLAYPOOL, GLEN F. CLAYTON, BENJAMIN W. CLEARY, JOHN J., JR. CLEAVE, Mrs. FRANCES D. CLEMINSON, DR. HALDANE CLONEY, T. W. Ciow, Mrs. HARRY B. CLOYES, WILLIAM E. CLUFF, EDWIN E. COBURN, ALONZO J. COBURN, JOHN J. COBURN, J. M. COCHRAN, J. L. COLBURN, WARREN E. COLDREN, CLIFTON C. CoLe#, E. LESLIE JAN. 1927. COLEMAN, CLARENCE L. CoLLins, ARTHUR W. COLLINS, BERYL B. COLLINS, GEORGE R. COLLINS, DR. LORIN C. CoLLins, Dr. RuFuS G. COMERFORD, FRANK CONDON, THOMAS J. Conpy, Louis H. ConkKEY, H. P. CONLON, WILLIAM F. CONRAN, Mrs. WALTER A. Cook, Miss Epiru S. COOKE, CHARLES E. COOKE, MRS. GEORGE J. CooLey, ASA B. COOPER, CHARLES H. COOPER, FRED W. CORDELL, ARTHUR N. COREY, WILLIAM H. CORPER, ERWIN CORSANT, Mrs. CHARLES KING CORSER, CHARLES B. CoRWIN, DR. ARTHUR M. COURVOISIER, DR. EARL A. Cowan, MRs. GRACE L. Cox, ARTHUR M. Cox, HENRY J. CRADDOCK, J. F. CRANE, GEORGE E. CRAWFORD, ADAM W. CRAWFORD, FREDERICK E. CREED, DANIELA. CREEDON, MRs. CLARA W. CREGO, FRANK A. CRERAR, MRS. JOHN CROFTAN, Dr. ALFRED C. CRONKHITE, ALBION C. CrosBy, MRS. FREDERICK W. CRUMRINE, Dr. L. B. CUDNEY, HAROLD N. CUNEO, FRANK CUNNINGHAM, DR. JOSEPH L. CURRAN, O. P., JR. CURRAN, PETER A. CURSHAN, MARCUS CurTISs, Miss FRANCIS H. CURTIS, JOHN F. L. CurRTIS, Dr. Louis R. CUTLER, HENRY E. DAHL, DR. PETRA M. DALLAGER, DR. Roy A. DALLAS, CHARLES D. DAMMANN, J. F., JR. DANKOWSKI, I. F. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. DAUGHADAY, C. COLTON DAVID, SIDNEY S. DAVIES, MARSHALL DAVIES, P. W. DAVIES, WILLIAM B. DAVIS, CoL. ALEXANDER M. DAViS, CHARLES E. DAVIS, CHARLES H. DAVIS, Dr. H. I. DAVIS, J. N. DAVIS, PAUL H. DAVIS, W. OWEN DAY, CLYDE L. DAY, STEPHEN A. DEAN, Mrs. ELLA Woop DEASON, WILBORN J. DECKER, MRS. JOHN E. DE FIELD, WILLIAM R. DELANEY, JOHN V. DELANO, HORACE H. DENEEN, ROBERT J. DENGLER, ALBERT C. DEPUE, OSCAR B. DE SMET, RENE C. DE STEFANI, TULLY DEUBERT, FRED E. DEUTSCH, PERCY L. DEUTSCHMANN, RUDOLPH DE VRIES, GEORGE DICKINSON, PHIL S. DICKINSON, ROBERT B. DIENER, GEORGE W. DILKES, HOWARD B. DIXON, SIMEON W. DOocTOR, ISIDOR DONNELLY, THORNE DONOVAN, Dr. W. R. Dors, GEORGE B. DORSEY, JOHN T., JR. DOUGLAS, Scott MORGAN DOYLE, EDWARD J. DOYLE, EDWARD JV. DOYLE, LEO J. DOYLE, THOMAS J. DRENNAN, JOHN G. DRESSEL, FREDERICK C. DRIELSMA, J. J. DRYDEN, MRS. GEORGE B. DUCE, ALBERT DuGGAN, Mrs. HENRY DUNBAUGH, HARRY J. DUNCAN, W. S. DUNER, DR. CLARENCE S. DUNER, JOSEPH A. DUNLAP, GEORGE H. 161 DUNNING, N. MAx DUNSCOMB, GEORGE H. DUPEE, EUGENE H. DURHAM, MRS. ELEANOR G. DUVAL, CARL E. Du VAL, DR. EMILE C. EASTHOPE, JOSEPH EATON, DR. D. B. EBBESEN, A. C. Eck, DR. CHARLES P. Eppy, Mrs. Morris R. EDLIN, Dr. J. V. EDMONDS, Miss NORA EDMONDSON, EDMUND P. EHRMAN, WALTER E. EHRMANN, DR. FRED J. E. EICHMAN, Mrs. HARVEY F. EISENDRATH, EDWIN W. EISENDRATH, JOSEPH L. ELEY, NING ELLBOGEN, Mrs. Max ELLIOTT, DR. CLINTON A. ELLIOTT, FRANCKE C. ELLIOTT, L. G. ELMER, DR. RAYMOND F. ELMSLIB, GEORGE G. ELTING, Mrs. W. M. EMIG, HOWARD A. ENGELHARD, BENJAMIN M. ENGELS, Dr. NICHOLAS R. ENGLAND, EDWARD L. ENGLE, Mrs. WALTER ENGLISH, JOHN J. ENRIGHT, FRANK J. EPSTEIN, BENJAMIN P. EPSTEIN, HENRY P. ERD, ARTHUR A. ERICKSON, ELMER ERICKSON, HUBBARD H. ESMOND, JOHN W. EstTEs, C. E. ETERNO, Dr. JOHN EVANS, MRS. ARTHUR T. EVERETT, EDWARD W. EWEN, WILLIAM R. T. Farr, Dr. FRED F. FANNING, C. G. FANTUS, DR. BERNARD FARRELL, Mrs. B. J. FARNSWORTH, G. J. FAVORITE, MRS. ISABEL C. FENLEY, WILLIAM H. FENTRESS, JAMES FERGUSON, DR. ALLEN HARVEY 162 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII. FERGUSON, EDWARD A. FETZER, WILLIAM R. FIELD, HENRY FIELD, MRS. WENTWORTH G. FINDLEY, DR. EPHRAIM K. FINIGAN, THOMAS FINK, GEORGE E. FISHBEIN, DR. MORRIS FITCH, THOMAS FITZGERALD, Dr. J. E. FLAHERTY, JOSEPH F. FLANIGAN, ARTHUR H. FLOYD, HENRY B. FOLEY, HARRY B. FORGAN, JAMES B., JR. FORREST, GEORGE D. FORTELKA, DR. FRANK L. FORTUNE, JOHN L. FOSBURG, H. A. FOsDICK, K. I. FOSTER, CHAUNCEY C. FOSTER, DR. MABEL G. FOWLER, CARL FOWLER, G. F. Fox, Dr. PAUL C. FRANK, DAVID FRANK, SAMUEL I. FRANKE, DR. FRED C. FRANKE, DR. META E. FRANKENSTEIN, RUDOLPH FRANKLIN, M. E. FRASER, JOSEPH J. FRAZEE, SEWARD C. FREDERICK, R. L. FREEMAN, WALTER W. FREEMAN, WILLIAM A. FREER, H. M. FRENCH, C. W. FREUDENTHAL, G. S. FREUND, ERWIN O. FRIED, HARRY N. FRIEDBERG, MRS. STANTON FRIEDER, EDWARD N. FRIEDMAN, Mrs. I. K. FRIEDMAN, I. S. RUCIK, bo. GABEL, WALTER H. GABER, BENJAMIN GABRIEL, FRANK J. GAITHER, OTHO S. GALE, ABRAM GALLUP, EDWARD GAMBLE, JAMES A. GANNON, GEORGE GANO, DAVID R. JAN. 1927. GANS, DANIEL GANS, GLENN R. GARLICK, ROBIN C. GARRISON, DR. LESTER E. GARTSIDE, JOHN L. GARVER, JACOB MARLOWE GARVEY, B. S. GARY, DR. I. C. GAUL, H. J. GEBHARDT, ERNEST A. GEDDES, THOMAS GEDDES, WILLIAM H. GEHL, Dr. WILLIAM H. GENDRON, Miss LOUISE GENTRY, MRS. VEIT GEORGE, MARSHALL W. GERAGHTY, GERALD G. GERINGER, CHARLES M. GERTZ, RUDOLPH V. GETSCHOW, GEORGE M. GEUTHER, OTTo R. GIBBS, WILLIAM J. GIBSON, CHARLES H. GIELOW, WALTER C. ‘GIESSEL, HENRY GIFFIN, Miss CoRA GILES, Miss A. H. GILL, ADOLPH GILL, WALLACE GILRUTH, IRWIN T. GINSBURG, HARRY GITTER, Miss Mary B. GLADER, FRANK J. GLASER, EDWARD L. GLASS, WILLIAM Q. GLASSER, EDWARD GLICK, EMANUEL M. GODEHN, PAUL GOELITZ, HENRY G. GOERGEN, DR. PHILIP G. Gogs, Mrs. JOSEPHINE GOETZ, ADOLPH GOLDFINE, Dr. A. H. C. GOLDING, GUSTAV GOLDSMITH, EDWIN GOLDSMITH, HENRY M. GOLDSMITH, MOSES GOODKIND, DR. MAURICE GONSIOR, JULIUS GOODMAN, DAVID GOoDNow, E. H. GOODWILLIE, CHARLES F., Sr. GORDON, Mrs. FREDERICK T. GORDON, LESLIE S. GOSLEE, Dr. Hart J. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. GOULD, GEORGE W. GOULD, JOHN GOVEN, EDOUARD T. GOWENLOCK, T. R. GRADY, Mrs. Davip E. GRAFF, OSCAR C, GRAMM, DR. CARL T. GRANT, ALEXANDER R. GRAPPERHAUS, FRED W. GRAVER, PHILIP S. GRAVES, ERNEST H. GRAVES, WILLIAM C. GRAYDON, CHARLES E. GREAR, W. S. GREBY, JOSEPH F. GREEN, JOHN H. GREEN, ROBERT D. GREEN, SAMUEL GREEN, WALTER H. GREENGARD, MAx GREENHALGH, JOHN H. GREENWALD, JACOB GREGERSEN, Miss HELGA GREIN, JOSEPH GREINER, CLARENCE A. GRIFFIN, BENNETT GRIFFIN, NICHOLAS M. GRIFFITH, MELVIN L. GRIFFITH, WILLIAM C., GRINNELL, ROBERT L. GROEBE, LOUIS G. GROENWALD, FLORIAN A. GROOME, RICHARD L. GROSBERG, CHARLES GROSSFELD, MIss Rose GRUENFELD, ADOLPH J. GRUND, HARRY T. GUGGENHEIM, S. GUILLIAMS, JOHN R. GUMBINER, ROBERT GUNKEL, GEORGE P. GURLEY, MISS HELEN K. GUSTAVSON, VICTOR GUTHMANN, WILLIAM B. GUTHRIE, Miss Mary G. GUTOWSKI, WILLIAM A. GUYTON, C. ERNEST GUZOWSKI, GEORGE B. GwWINN, W. R. GYBERSON, MIss INDIANA HAAS, GEORGE H. J. HACHMEISTER, HERMAN HACKETT, HORATIO B. HAERTHER, Dr. A. G. HAERTHER, WILLIAM W. 163 HAJEK, HENRY F. HALL, ARTHUR B. HALL, CHARLES R. HALL, EDWARD B. HALL, GEORGE C. HALL, HENRY C. HALL, ©: L, HALLETT, A. E. HAMBLETON, C. J. HAMBLETON, Mrs. EARL L. HAMILTON, ALEX K. HAMILTON, HuGo A. HAMILTON, ROBERT J. HAMMEL, GEORGE E. HAMMER, HANS H. HAMMER, THOMAS H. HAMMERS, M. J. HAMMOND, Roy E. HANCE, PAUL W. HANCOCK, FRANK A, HAND, H.N. HANLY, CLARENCE P., HANOVER, WILLIAM HANNA, FRANCIS D. HANNAFORD, ALFRED HANNAH, ALEXANDER W. HANNAN, MISS ELIZABETH Q. HANSEN, Miss ALMA C. HANSON, MARTIN J. HARDING, S. LAWRENCE HARDWICKE, HARRY HARMON, HUBERT R. HARMON, JOHN H. HARNER, GEORGE W. HARRIMAN, FRANK B., SR. HARRIMAN, Mrs. KARL E. HARRIS, D. J. HARRIS, EWART HARRIS, FRANK F. HARRIS, GORDON L. HARRIS, J. MAx HARRIS, O. A. HARRIS, WALLACE R. HARRIS, WILLIAM L. HARRISON, HARRY P. HARRISON, JAMES D. HARROLD, JAMES P. Hart, Mrs. HELENA Hart, HENRY D. HART, Louis E. HART, WILLIAM N. HARTIGAN, CLARE HARTMANN, HENRY, SR. HARTWIG, O. J. HARVEY, BYRON S. 164 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. HARWOOD, FREDERICK HARWOOD, T. W. HASTINGS, EDMUND A. HATELY, Miss LOUISE HATFIELD, Mrs. R. LE FEVRE HATTERMAN, MRS. WILLIAM E. HAUGHEY, JAMES M. HAUSER, J. C. HAUSSE, RICHARD H. HAVEN, ALFRED C. HAVENS, SAMUEL M. HAWKINS, F. P. HAWKINS, J. C. HAWKINSON, J. T. HAWLEY, ALBERT P. HAWTHORNE, V. R. HEALY, JOHN J. HEATH, WILLIAM A. HEATON, HARRY E. HEBEL, OSCAR HECHLER, VALENTINE -HEcK, JOHN HECKENDORF, R. A. HECKINGER, WILLIAM J. HEcTOR, DR. WILLIAM §S. HEDGES, FLEMING D. HEDMAN, JOHN A. HEEREMA, GERRIT HEG, ERNEST, SR. HEIDLER, FRANK J. HEIFETZ, SAM HEINEKE, CARL HEINEMANN, JOHN B. HEINFELDEN, CuRT H. G. HEINZ, L. HERMAN HEISE, WILLIAM F. HELLER, BRUNO F. HENRICKSON, MAGNUS HENDRICKSON, OLOF B. HENRY, CHARLES W. HENRY, CLAUDE D. HENRY, C. DUFF HENRY, H. B. HENSCHEIN, H. PETER HENSEL, HERMAN E. HERTEL, Hueco S. HERTZ, MRS. FRED HERTZ, Mrs. JoHN D. HERTZBERG, ARTHUR G. HERTZBERG, EDWARD HERZMAN, DR. Morris H. HEss, JOHN L. HEss, Sou H. HESSERT, GUSTAV HESSERT, DR. WILLIAM JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 165 HETTRICK, WILLIAM J. HOLZWORTH, CHRISTOPHER EF. HEumos, ALOIS HONNOLD, DR. FRED C. HEYMANN, EMANUEL H. Hoop, GEORGE A. HEYMANN, L. H. Hoocg, Dr. Lupwie F. HEYN, WILLIAM P. Hook, ARTHUR S. Hiatt, Mrs. Houston I. Hoot, Miss Emity M. HIBBARD, ANGUS S. HOPKINS, Mrs. BLANCHE B. HIBBARD, F. C. HOPKINS, W. M. HIBSHMAN, Roy 8S. HORN, ALBIN O. HICKLIN, JOHN W. HORNSTEIN, LEON HIGBIE, N. BRADLEY, JR. HORNUNG, JOSEPH J. HIGH, SHIRLEY T. HORWEEN, RALPH HILDEBRAND, EUGENE HORWEEN, ISADORE HILDEBRAND, J. G. HORWICH, BERNARD HILGENDORF, GEORGE H. HORWICH, PHILIP HILL, FREDERICK HOSFORD, WILLIAM R. HILL, WILLIAM E. HOUGHTELING, Miss HARRIoT P. HILLMAN, EDWARD HOUGHTELING, JAMES L. HILLIS, DR. DAVID HOWARD, EUGENE A. HILLS, CHARLES W.., SR. Howe#, Mrs. FANNY J. His, Mrs. J. M. HOWE, IRWIN M. HILLYER, C. R. HOWELL, ALBERT S. HILLYER, DWIGHT E. HOoOWES, HENRY W. HILTON, HENRY H. Howleg, Miss Mary A. HIMAN, CHARLES Hoyt, Dr. D. C. HINDS, JOSEPH B. Hoyt, N. L., JR. HINRICHS, HENRY, JR. Hoyt, WILLIAM M., IT HirscH, HENRY H. HRYNIEWEICKI, Dr. STEFAN HIRSCH, JACKSON H. HUBBARD, E. J. Hiscox, MORTON HUBBARD, WILLIAM C. HITCHCOCK, R. M. HUBBELL, WILLIAM J. HITE, HARRY A. Huck, CARL M. HoaG, Dr. JuUNIUS C. HuGHES, Mrs. E. H. HOAGLAND, WALTER P. HUGHES, HUBERT EARL Hopgs, Dr. J. E. HUGHES, W. V. HODGDON, WILLIAM HULBERT, Mrs. CHARLESS PRATT Hopce, THOMAS P. HULL, IRVING W. HOEFER, ERNEST HULL, ROBERT W. HOFFMAN, JACOB HULLHORST, DR. PAUL HOFFSTADT, DR. JOHN P. HUMISTON, DR. CHARLES E. HOLABIRD, JOHN A. HUNGERFORD, LOUIS S. HOLDEN, C. R. Hunt, W. PRESCOTT, JR. HOLDEN, HALE, JR. HUNSCHE, FREDERICK House, PERRY L. HuURD, HARRY B. HOLLAND, DR. WILLIAM E. Hurp, Max H. HOLLOWAY, HARRY C. HURLEY, EDWARD N., JR. HOLLOWAY, OWEN B. HURLEY, Hon. Timotuy D. HOLLOWELL, R. D. T. HUTCHINSON, JOHN W. HOLM, GOTTFRIED HUTCHINSON, Mrs. C. L. HOLMAN, ALFRED J. HUTTNER, ROBERT L. HOLMAN, EDWARD HyYATT, ALBERT P. HouMgs, Dr. BAYARD HYNES, DIBRELL HOLMGREN, ELMER N. IuirF, GEORGE F. Hout, C. McPHERSON INGRAM, HAROLD S. Hout, JAMES A. INLANDER, SAMUEL 166 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsTORY—REPoRTSs, VOL. VII. INSULL, MARTIN J. IsAACS, MICHAEL H. IVERSON, RALPH H. JACKSON, Davip H. JACKSON, Mrs. JAMES P. JACKSON, JOHN B. JACKSON, WILLIAM F. JACOB, CHARLES W. JACOBS, Mrs. C. R. JACOBS, JULIUS JACOBS, NATE JACOBSON, RAPHAEL JACOBSON, WILLIAM JAEGER, EDWARD W. JAEGERMANN, WILLIAM A. JAICKS, ANDREW JAMES, CHARLES B. JAMES, Mrs. ERNEST J. JAMES, HENRY D. JAMES, Mrs. RALPH H. JAMES, DR. T. FRANKLIN JAMESON, CLARENCE W. JAMPOLIS, Mrs. MARK JANATA, LOUIS J. JANOFF, ABE JAQUES, LOUIS T. JARCHOW, ALFRED W. JARCHOW, CHARLES C. JAREMA, ALEXANDER L. JARVIS, WILLIAM B., SR. JEFFRIES, DR. DANIEL W. JEHN, REV. ERNEST G. JENKS, PIERRE G. JENNINGS, S. C. JENSEN, CARL F. JENSEN, GORM JERNBERG, C. EDGAR JERNBERG, CARL L. JESSUP, DR. FRANKLIN C. JIRSA, DR. OTTO J. JOHANIGMAN, STERLING E. JOHNSEN, CHARLES JOHNSON, AUGUST JOHNSON, B. W. JOHNSON, EMIL A. JOHNSON, HARRY C. JOHNSON, HENRY G. JOHNSON, JAMES C. JOHNSON, MARTIN A. JOHNSON, NELS E. JOHNSON, PHILIP C. JOHNSON, P. ROBERT JOHNSON, ULYSSES G. JOHNSON, WILLIAM E. JOHNSTON, IRA B. JOHNSTON, SAMUEL P. JOHNSTONE, BALFOUR JONAS, S. D. JONES, Miss EDNA E. JONES, Mrs. HOMER D. JONES, JOHN S. JONES, DR. MARGARET M. JONES, MELVIN JONES, OWEN BARTON JORGENSEN, HANS L. JOSEPH, ARTHUR W. JOSEPH, A. G. JOSEPH, MorRRIS JOY, JAMES A. JUDAH, Mrs. NOBLE BRANDON JUDD, Mrs. H. S. JUNKER, RICHARD A. JUNKUNC, STEPHEN JUST, FREDERICK M. KAERCHER, ALBERT W. KAHMANN, KARL W. KAHN, CHARLES E. KAHN, I. W. KANAVEL, DR. ALLEN B. KANN, Max M. KANNALLY, M. V. KAPLAN, Dr. MAURICE I. KAPSA, LADISLAV A. KARALIUS, DR. A. J. KARPEN, SOL KASEHAGEN, FRED W. KEARNEY, J. J. KEEHN, MRS. THEODORE C. L. KEELER, EDWIN R. KEENE, WILLIAM J. KELLOGG, JAMES G. KELLY, EDWARD T. KELLY, JOSEPH J. KENDRICK, W. 8S. KENNEDY, JAMES F. KEOGH, GORDON E. KEPLINGER, W. A. KERWIN, EDWIN M. KESLER, EDWARD C. KILLINGER, GEORGE F. KIDDER, GRANT L. KIMBALL, Mrs. LOUISE L. KIMBARK, JOHN R. KING, Dr. C. BRUCE KING, FRANK J. KING, FRANK O. KING, JOHN B. KINGSTON, Mrs. Rose L. KINNEY, DR. WILLIAM B. KINSELLA, DR. L. C. JAN. 1927. KINSEY, LouIs A. KINSEY, ROBERT S. Kipp, C. P. KIRKLEY, JAMES M. KITCHELL, HOWELL W. Kix MILLER, Mrs. WILLIAM KLEE, MAx KLEIN, ARTHUR F. KLEIN, DR. DAVID KLEIN, MICHAEL B. KLEIN, PETER KLEIN, RICHARD R. KLEIN, T. HENRY KLEINHANS, DR. JOSEPH B. KLEINMAN, ALEXANDER KLENHA, JOSEPH Z. KLINE, ABE KLINE, Louis A. KLINER, JOHN F. KLONOWSKEI, Louis J. KNAB, GEORGE KNAPP, CLIFFORD J. KNAPP, GEORGE S. KNIGHT, CHARLES §S. KNIGHT, STANLEY M. KNOBBE, JOHN W. KNODE, OLIVER M. KNUDSEN, HAROLD B. KocH, PAUL W. KocH, THOMAS W. KOENIG, GEORGE W. KOEPKE, E. E. KOESSLER, WILLIAM §S. KOHN, EMIL KOHN, OSCAR KoOHOUT, JOSEPH, JR. KouR, ARTHUR G. KOLSTAD, ODIN T. KOMAIKO, SOL KONOPA, JOHN S. KONSBERG, ALVIN V. Kopr, CHARLES W. KORETZ, JULIUS KORINEK, GEORGE R. KortTEN, MRS. WILLIAM O. KORSHAK, MAURICE J. KoTIN, GEORGE N. Kovac, STEFAN KOVOLOFF, DANIEL KOWALSKI, AucustT J., JR. KOZICZYNSKI, Dr. LUCIAN KRACKE, ARTHUR M. KRAEMER, OTTO C. KRAFFT, WALTER A. KRAFT, Dr. Oscar H. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 167 KRAKOW, OSCAR KRALOVEC, GEORGE W. KRAMER, CLETUS F. KRANSTOVER ALBERT H. KRAUSMAN, ARTHUR KRENSKY, A. Morris KREUSCHER, DR. PHILIP H. KREUZINGER, GEORGE W. KRIEBEL, WARREN W. KROESEN, W. F. Krost, DR. GERARD N. KRUPNICK, IRA KRYSINSKI, DR. C. S. KUDNER, ARTHUR H. KUEHN, OSWALD L. KuH, EDWIN J. KuHu, Dr. SIDNEY KUHNS, JOSEPH H. KULPAK, STEPHEN A. KUNKA, BERNARD J. KURATKO, FRANK J. LAcEY, Miss Epity M. LACKNER, FRANCIS A. LAECHLE, WILLIAM C. LAHANN, HERMAN C. LAHL, WILLIAM J. M. LAKE, EDWARD LAMB, FRANK H. LAMONT, JOHN A. LANDECK, GEORGE LANDRETH, JOHN P. LANE, Miss ABBY E. LANG, CHARLES E. LANGDON, BUEL A. LANGERT, ABRAHAM M. LANGILLE, WILBUR F. LANGSTON, W. C. LANGWORTHY, BENJAMIN F. LANIUS, JAMES C. Lz NSINGER, Mrs. JOHN M. LARSEN, CHARLES LARSEN, GUSTAVE R. LARSON, FRANK A. LARSON, GUSTAF E. LARSON, SIMON P. LATHAM, CARL RAY LATHROP, FREDERICK A. LAvu, Max LAUFER, DR. ERNEST W. D. LAVIDGE, ARTHUR W. LAWES, CHARLES A. LAWRENCE, B. E. LAWTON, GEORGE E. LEACH, GEORGE T. LEAVELL, JAMES R. LEE, J. OWEN LEE, Dr. W. GEORGE LEEMAN, STEPHEN EDGAR LEEMON, HARRY C. LEFFINGWELL, ROBERT B. LEHMPUHL, HERMAN F. LEIGH, EDWARD B. LEIGHT, EDWARD A. LEIGHT, Mrs. EDWARD A. LEIGHTON, Miss ADELAIDE LELIVELT, JOSEPH J. LENNOX, EDWIN LE SAGE, REV. JOHN J. LESTER, ALBERT G. LEVENS, W. S. LEVEY, CLARENCE J. LEVI, DR. GERSON B. LEVIN, I. ARCHER LEVINE, GEORGE LEVINGER, DAVID LEVINKIND, MorRIS LEVINSON, DR. BENJAMIN LEVINSON, SALMON O. LEVIS, JOHN M. LEVIS, W. WALTER LEVITAN, LOUIS LEVITETZ, NATHAN LEVY, ARTHUR G. LEVY, ASHER LEVY, HARRY H. LEWIS, J. HENRY LEWIS, WALKER O. L’ HOMMEDIEU, CLARENCE H. LIBONATI, ROLAND V. LICHTENSTEIN, WALTER LIDDLE, CHARLES A. LIEBLING, ABRAHAM M. LINDHEIMER, JACOB LINDHEIMER, S. W. LINDSAY, WILLARD C. LINKER, MEYER LINKLATER, J. E. LINKMAN, Louis B. LINN, ERICK N. LIPKIN, MAURICE S8. LIPMAN, ABRAHAM LIPPERT, ALOYSIUS C. LIPSEY, WILLIAM J. LIPSHULCH, JEHIEL Liss, SAMUEL LISTER, HAROLD R. LITHGOW, CHARLES H. LITSINGER, FRED LITTELL, C. Guy LITTLE, CHARLES G. 168 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPortTs, VOL. VII. LITTLE, JOHN G. LITTLE, JOHN L. LITZKOW, FRED W. LIVINGSTON, J. B. LLEWELLYN, ARTHUR J. Luoyp, A. E. LOBDELL, Mrs. EDWIN L. LOBDELL, HARRY H. LOCHNER, FREDERICK Hi. LOCKETT, OSWALD, JR. LODGE, FRED S. LOEB, ARTHUR A. LOEB, HAMILTON M. LOEB, JACOB M. LOEB, Dr. LuDwie M. LOEHR, KARL C. LOEHWING, MARX LOESER, JOSEPH A. LOEWENHERZ, EMANUEL LOEWENSTEIN, EMANUEL LOEWENSTEIN, NATHAN LOGAN, FRANK G. LOGAN, FREDERIC D. LOMAX, WILLIAM L. LONDON, HARRY Lonc, Dr. ESMOND R. LONGHI, EMILIO — LooMIS, Miss HELEN A. Loomis, W. ANDREW LORD, ROBERT O. LORENZ, FREDERICK A. LORENZEN, H. Lott, GUSTAV R. Lott, JAMES N. Low, JOHN M. LOWENTHAL, LEO B. Lowy, RUDOLPH LOZINS, BERT Lucas, Dr. A. L. LUDOLPH, WILBUR M. LUDWIG, WILLIAM F. LUEBBERT, WILLIAM C, LUND, HJALMAR C. R. LUNDGREN, Dr. A. T. LuTSCH, WILLIAM N. LutTzow, FRED H. LYTLE, CLINTON W. Mac ARTHUR, FRED V. Mac DonNALD, E. K. Mac Harc, MALCOLM Mac LELLAN, K. F. Mac MurRAyY, JAMES E. Mac RA, ALBERT Mappock, Miss ALICE E. MAEHLER, ARTHUR E. JAN. 1927. MAGILL, HENRY P. MAGNUS, EDWARD MAGNUS, PHILIP H. MAGUIRE, MRS. JESSIE MALTMAN, JAMES MANDL, SIDNEY MANN, WILLIAM H. MANSFIELD, ALFRED W. MANNING, MIss E. MANSON, Mrs. DAVID MANSON, WILLIAM MARKS, ARNOLD K. MARKUS, JOSEPH E. MARSH, JOHN MCWILLIAMS MARSHALL, EDWARD MARSHALL, RAPHAEL P. MARTIN, Miss Lucy MARTIN, MELLEN C. MARTIN, Z. E. MARZLUFF, FRANK W. MASON, FRED B. MASON, GEORGE, JR. MASSMANN, FREDERICK H. _ MATHER, ORIAN A. MATHEWS, ALBERT MATHEWS, R. H. G. MATHISON, HOWARD G. MATTER, Mrs. JOHN MATTHEWS, FRANCIS E. MAURER, J. S. May, SOL MAY, WILLIAM W. McALEAR, JAMES MCALLISTER, M. HALL McARTHUR, Dr. LEWIS L. McCANN, ROBERT L. McCARTHY, CHARLES H. McCArTHY, FRANK M. McCARTHY, JOHN W. McCAULEY, MRS. THOMAS N. McCOoNNELL, JOHN L. McCOoNNELL, JOHN W. McCoy, CHARLES S. McCULLOUGH, LESLIE F. McDONALD, EDWARD McDONALD, MRs. JOHN GRANT MCFADDEN, EVERETT R. McGARRY, JOHN A. McGinty, Miss ALICE L. McGoorty, Hon. J. P. McGouae3, S. P. CGREGOR, JAMES P. McKay, Harry H. McKay, Dr. N. B. McKes, Mrs. WILLIAM L. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 169 McKEEVER, R. TOWNSEND McLAREN, WILLIAM McLaury, Mrs. C. W. McMauon, Mrs, JOHN McMAHoN, THOMAS J. McMANus, THOMAS J. McNABB, J. H. McNAIR, FRANK McNAMARA, ROBERT C, McNERNY, MATHEW F. MCSHANE, JAMES E. MEAD, E. ALLEN MEAD, HENRY C. A. MEDER, Mrs. LEONORA Z. MEEK, C. MEEKER, ARTHUR ME8GAwW, LLoyD F. MELAVEN, J. G. MENTZER, J. P. MERCIL, ELMER J. MERRILL, WILLIAM W. MBYER, M. K. MEYER, SAM R. MILLER, Mrs. CHARLES P. MICHAELSON, C. S. MOENG, EDWARD D. MONTGOMERY, FRED. D. MONTGOMERY, Mrs. F. H. MONTGOMERY, JOHN R. MoongEyY, WILLIAM H. MoorRE, CHARLES BREARLEY MOooRE, DR. FRANK D, MOORE, FREDERICK W. MooRE, NATHAN G. MoRGAN, CLARENCE MorrRIs, EUGENE C. MoRRISON, Mrs. C. R. MORRISON, THEODORE S. Morss, Mrs. CHARLES F. Morssg, Mrs. MILTON MORSMAN, JOSEPH J. MORTON, WILLIAM MORRIS MoSsR, PAUL MosEs, HOWARD -MucHow, Dr. WILLIAM M. MUELLER, J. HERBERT MULDOON, JOHN A. MULLEN, Dr. M. C. MULLIKEN, A. H. MULLIKEN, JOHN H. MURCHISON, Mrs. THOMAS E. MuRFEY, E. T. R. MURPHY, WALTER A. NASH, CHARLES J. NASH, JOHN S. 170 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REportTs, VOL. VII. NASH, PATRICK A. NAu, OTTo F. NEAL, THOMAS C. NEISE, GEORGE N., SR. NELSON, HARRY R. NELSON, PETER B. NELSON, WILLIAM H. NESBIT, WILBUR D. NESBIT, WILLIAM NESSLER, ROBERT W. NEVINS, JOHN C. NEWBERRY, Miss MARY LOUISE NEWMANN, EDWARD R. NEWMARK, JOHN T. NICHOLS, EDWIN G. NICHOLS, WARREN NICKERSON, J. F. NIMMONS, GEORGE C. NIXON, ALBERT NIXON, GEORGE F. NOEE, GEORGE J. NOLTE, CHARLES B. NORDHOLZ, DR. WILLIAM C. NORDQUIST, CHARLES W. NORTHRUP, LORRY R. NorTON, Mrs. O. W. NOTHENBERG, DR. OSCAR J. Novak, Dr. FRANK J., JR. Novy, Dr. B. NEWTON NUYTTENS, ALFRED A. O’BRIEN, GEORGE W. O’BRIEN, M. J. O’BRIEN, W. L., JR. O’BRYANT, Mrs. MARK O’ CALLAGHAN, HENRY O’CONNOR, JAMES R. OLAFSSON, DR. O. J. OLLIER, VALENTINE OLIVER, ROYSTON OLSEN, H. M. OLSEN, JOHN G. OLSEN, OLAF C. S. ORNDOFF, DR. BENJAMIN H. OrR, Mrs. WILLIAM GEORGE D. ORWIG, RALPH F. OSBORN, THEODORE L. OSSENDORFF, DR. K. W. OSTERMANN, Mrs. R. M. Orts, Huco E. OUDIN, FERDINAND PACKARD, Dr. ROLLO K. PACKER, CHARLES SWASEY PADDOCK, DR. CHARLES E. PALMER, PROF. CLAUDE IRWIN PALMER, J. M. PALMER, PERCIVAL B. PARDEE, DR. L. C. PARKER, AUSTIN H. PARKER, Mrs. E. ROScoE PARKER, GEORGE S. PARKER, NORMAN S. PARKS, O. J. PARSONS, Mrs. THEODORE SAMUEL PARTRIDGE, LLOYD C. PATERSON, Morton L. PATTERSON, J. H. PATTON, WALTER I. PAULDING, JOHN PAULEY, CLARENCE QO. PAULSEN, Dr. J. W. PAYNE, GEORGE H. PEACOCK, CHARLES A. PEARL, ALLEN S. PECK, MRS. CHARLES G. PEINE, ADOLPHUS G. PENNINGTON, FRANK K. PERCY, DR. NELSON MORTIMER PERRY, DR. ETHEL B. PETERS, G. M. PETERSON, ALBERT PETERSON, J. E. PETERSON, THEODORE N. PHELAN, CHARLES PHILIPSON, ISIDOR PHILLIPS, HOWARD C. PICKARD, Mrs. W. A. PICKEL, WILLIAM PICKELL, J. RALPH PICKRELL, HARVEY PIGALL, MRs. JOSEPH S. PLACE, F. E. PLAMONDON, ALFRED D. PLAMONDON, CHARLES A. PLATH, KARL PoaGc, ROBERT O. POLAKOW, Louis M. POLLENZ, HENRY POMEROY, Mrs. CHRISTINE POND, ALLEN B. POND, GEORGE F. Pops, S. AUSTIN PORTER, HENRY M. PORTERFIELD, R. H. Post, DR. WILBER E. POSVIC, FRANK POTTENGER, WILLIAM A. PoTtTEeR, Dr. HOLLIS E. POULTON, JOHN J. POWELL, Miss NELLIE JAN. 1927. PREBLE, ANDREW C. PRENTICE, OLIVER J. PRESCOTT, PATRICK B., JR. PRICE, Dorr C. PRINCE, LEONARD M. PRINCE, THOMAS C. PRINDLE, JAMES H. PROPPER, WILLIAM F. PROSSER, H. G. PRrossER, Mrs. J. G. PROTHEROE, DANIEL PULLEN, EDWARD W. PULVER, HENRI PIERRE PURNELL, JAMES E., JR. QUINLAN, DR. WILLIAM W. QUINN, EDWARD J. RABER, FRANKLIN RADABAUGH, Miss BLANCHE RADER, RECTOR ROSCOE RAFF, Mrs. WILLIAM J. RAMER, GEORGE F. RANDALL, C. M. RANDALL, REV. EDWIN J. RANDLE, Guy D. RANNEY, MRs. GEORGE A. RANSOM, ALBERT, JR. RANSOM, J. OTIS RAPAPORT, MorRRiIS W. RASMUSSEN, FRANK RATHJE, ARTHUR G. Ray, HAL S. REACH, BENJAMIN REED, EARL HOWELL, JR. REED, DR. FORREST D. REED, RuFus M. REEVE, FREDERICK E. REGENSBURG, JAMES REHM, HENRY J. REID, HUGH REQUA, WILLIAM B. REYNOLDS, Mrs. DorA E. Rick, F. M. RicgE, Otto M. RICHARDS, H. A. RICHARDS, MARCUS RICHEY, EUGENE W. RICHTEIG, Mrs. R. J. RIEL, G. A. RIESER, MRS. HERMAN Rip Ley, Mrs. E. P. RITCHIE, WILLIAM RITTENHOUSE, Mrs. Mosss F. ROBBINS, LAURENCE B. ROBERTS, JESSE E. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. L711 ROBERTS, MERRITT FE. ROBINSON, CHARLES R. ROCKWELL, HAROLD H. RODEN, CARL B. RopDEN, Miss Marion LOUIS& ROGERS, DR. DANIEL W. ROLFES, GERALD A. ROLLO, EGBERT RORABACH, GEORGE EF. ROSENBAUM, EDWIN S. ROSENBAUM, MRs. EDwIn S. ROSENBERG, BERNHARD ROSENFELD, M. J. ROSENFELS, IRWIN S. ROSENFIELD, Morris S. ROSENTHAL, NATHAN H. Ross, DR. COLIN K. Ross, ROBERT C. Ross, WILLIAM A., JR. RotTH, ARTHUR J. RoTH, HENRY ROUNTREE, LINGARD T. RUBEL, Mrs. FuorRA L. Rup, Dr. ANTHONY RUDOLPH, MIss BERTHA RUEL, JOHN G. RUETTINGER, J. C. RUGGLES, DR. WILLIAM L. RYAN, THOMAS C. SABATH, HON. JOSEPH SAGE, Mrs. WILLIAM SALTIEL, DR. THOMAS P. SAMPSON, H. J. SATTERLEE, HOWARD B. SAUER, DR. Louis W. SAUER, DR. RAYMOND J. SAUERMAN, JOHN A. SAWYER, Dr. C. F. SAWYER, Mrs. PERCY SCHAAR, BERNARD FE. SCHAFFER, DR. DAVID N. SCHAFFNER, ARTHUR B. SCHANTZ, O. M. SCHAPIRO, A. L. SCHMIDT, ADOLPH SCHMIDT, DR. CHARLES L. SCHMIDT, DR. HERBERT J. SCHMIDT, DR. OTTO L. SCHMIDT, PAUL J. SCHMIDT, RICHARD E. SCHNEIDER, BENJAMIN B. SCHNEIDER, GEORGE A. SCHNERING, JULIUS SCHNERING, OTTO Y. SCHOENBRUN, LEO SCHRAM, HARRY S. SCHROEDER, DR. MARY G. SCHWAB, DR. LESLIE SCHWAB, MARTIN SCHWAEGERMAN, MRS. GEORGE J. SCHWAGER, DR. IRVING SCHWARTZ, CHARLES K. SCHWARTZ, CHARLES P. SCHWARTZ, G. A. SCHWEIZER, CARL SCOFIELD, TIMOTHY J. Scott, Dr. JAMES MCDONALD Scott, JOHN D. Scott, WALTER A. ScoTT, DR. WALTER DILL SCUDDER, J. ARNOLD SEAVERNS, GEORGE A. SEAVERNS, LouIs C. SEGGERMAN, Mrs. RICHARD SEIBOLD, ARTHUR B. SEIP, FRED SENEAR, DR. F. E. SENIOR, Mrs. JOHN L. SETHNESS, C. HENRY SETHNESS, CHARLES O. SEYFFERT, L. SEXTON, Mrs. THOMAS G. SHANESY, RALPH D. SHANNON, REV. FREDERICK F. SHAPIRO, J. F. SHAPKER, EDWARD B. SHATTUCK, CHARLES H. SHAW, ANDREW H. SHAW, A. W. SHAW, THEODORE A. SHEAFE, J. S. SHEARMAN, C. E. SHEDD, CHARLES E. SHEEAN, JOHN A. SHEPARD, Guy C. SHEPARD, STUART G. SHERER, SAMUEL J. SHERMAN, Mrs. F. C. SHERMAN, H. C. SHERMAN, LOUIS A. SHERWIN, WILLIAM A. SHINNER, E. G. SHOAN, NELS SHOGRAN, L. A. SHORTALL, JOHN L. SHOTWELL, ALFRED H. SHUMAN, Mrs. HELEN W. SILBERMAN, A. SILVER, C. J. SILVERMAN, J OSEPH 172 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTsS, VOL. VII. SIMMONS, PARKE E. SIMPSON, DR. ELMER E. SIMPSON, WALTER H. SINDING, JOHN W. SKINNER, MIss FREDERIKA SLADE, JOHN C. SLAUGHTER, ROCHESTER B. SMITH, CLAYTON F. SMITH, C. F. MATHER SMITH, Mrs. C. R. SMITH, Mrs. EDWARD E. SMITH, FREDERICK W. SMITH, GILBERT M. SMITH, JENS SMITH, JOHN C. SMITH, JOSEPH C. SMITH, Miss MARY ROZET SMITH, DR. T. MANUEL SNITZLER, Mrs. JAMES M. SNOow, FRED A. SOARES, PROF. THEODORE G. SOLLITT, RALPH T. SOMERVILLE, THOMAS A. SOPER, HENRY M. SOPER, THOMAS SPADES, M. H. SPEIGEL, M. J., JR. SPIEGEL, Mrs. MAE O. SPIEGEL, PHILIP SPIEGLER, FRANK F. SPIVEK, HERMAN Spitz, Mrs. JOEL SPRY, GEORGE STAHL, Miss MYRTLE STALLWOOD, S. C. STANTON, EDGAR STANTON, HOWARD B. STANTON, HENRY J. STAYMAN, RALPH J. STEARNS, FRED STEIN, Mrs. ADOLPH STEIN, SIDNEY L. STEIN, Mrs. SIDNEY L. STEIN, Mrs. S. SIDNEY STENSON, FRANK R. STEPHEN, EDWARD I. STERN, FELIX STERN, Mrs. HERBERT L. STERN, JACOB S. STERNBERG, MORRIS STEVENS, ERNEST STEVENSON, JAMES R. D. STEWART, JAMES S. STEWART, Ross E. STEWART, S. CHANDLER JAN. 1927. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 173 STEWART, WILLIAM TRUC, WALTER STOCKTON, Miss JOSEPHINE TRUDE, Mrs. A. 8S. STOCKTON, Mrs. JOHN THAW TRUMAN, PERCIVAL H. STODDART, CHARLES H. TUBERGEN, Mrs. BENJAMIN F. STOLL, Mrs. JOHN O. TUCKER, DR. GEORGE W. STONE, Mrs. JACOB S. TUFTS, PRoF. JAMES H. STORKAN, Mrs. MARIE E. TURNBULL, GERALD STRATEN, DR. HUBERT J. TURNBULL, WILLIAM J. StRAuS, ARTHUR W. TURNER, GEORGE STRAUS, ELI M. TURNER, MARSHALL S. STRAUSS, DR. ALFRED A. TUTHILL, JAMES B. STRAUSS, EDGAR L. TUTHILL, RICHARD 8. STRAWN, TAYLOR TUTTLE, CHARLES STREET, EDWARD P. TUTTLE, W. F. STRIGL, F. C. TYE, FRANK E. StrRoM, ARTHUR B. STRONG, GORDON UHLEMANN, WILLIAM R. STUART, CHARLES W. UNGRICH, Mrs. HENRY, JR. SULLIVAN, CHARLES H. UrRHEIM, Dr. O. J. SULLIVAN, FRANK R. URION, ALFRED R., JR. SULLIVAN, GREY UTLEY, GEORGE B. SULLIVAN, Mrs. PAuL D. SULZBERGER, S. L. _SuMMY, CLAYTON F. SUTHARD, JAMES Swift, Mrs. ALDEN B. Swirft, T. PHILIP SWIFT, WILLIAM E. VAN BUREN, G. B. VAN DEURSEN, JOHN S. VANCE, WALTER N. VAN DELLEN, DR. R. L. VAN HoosEN, Dr. BERTHA VAN SCHAICK, MRS. ETHEL R. VARTY, L. G. TATE, WILLIAM S. VAUGHAN, DR. PERRY E. TAYLOR, FRANCIS W. VAUGHAN, ROGER T. TAYLOR, L. S. VEATCH, Miss MARIE TEICH, MAX L. VEHE, Dr. K. L. TENNEY, HENRY F. VENARD, MRS. GEORGE C. TERRY, Mrs. SCHUYLER B. VICKERY, Miss MABEL S. THATCHER, FRED J. VILAS, Mrs. GEORGE B. THOM, H. C. VILAS, LAWRENCE H. THOMPSON, FRED L. VISK, EDWARD J. THOMPSON, HOPE Vocco, Rocco THOMPSON, ORVILLE W. VOLK, CARL B. THOMPSON, THOMAS W. VOLK, PAUL THOMSON, GEORGE W. VoLTZ, DANIEL W. THOMSON, JAMES VOORHEES, JAMES M. THORNE, HALLETT W. VURPILLAT, MRS. FRANCES J. THORNTON, EVERETT A. -VYSE, ARTHUR J. THROOP, GEORGE ENOS THULIN, Mrs. C.N. WAGENKNIGHT, A. R. TIEKEN, Dr. THEODORE WAITE, Miss MURIEL W. TIMBERMAN, ALBERT R. WALKER, JAMES R. TIPPETT, WILLIAM M. WALKER, DR. JAMES W. TONK, PERCY A. WALLACE, JOHN F. TOWLER, KENNETH F. WALLER, A. RAWSON TRENCH, Mrs. DANIEL G. ; WALLER, MISS KATHERINE TRIGGS, CHARLES W. WALLNER, DR. JOHN S. TROUP, PAUL V. Wa.LsH, Miss MARY Troy, Leo J. WALTON, LYMAN A. WARNER, MRs. J. C. WARREN, ALLYN D. WARREN, Mrs. HoMER §S. WARREN, WILLIAM G. WASHBURNE, Mrs. HEMPSTEAD WATERS, R. T. WATKINS, FRANK A. WATKINS, FREDERICK A. WATKINS, WILLIAM WAYNNE WATSON, LEo M. WATSON, R. G. WEARY, EDWIN D. WEBSTER, CHARLES R. WEBSTER, TOWNER K.., JR. WEDDELL, JOHN WEDELSTAEDT, H. A. WEGG, DONALD R. WEISS, SAMUEL H. WEISZ, MRS. CHARLES W. WELCH, NINIAN H. WELLES, Mrs. EDWARD KENNETH WENTWORTH, JOHN WEST, FREDERICK T. WEST, WILLIAM C. WESTBROOK, Mrs. E. S. WESTERFIELD, HENRY S. WESTPHAL, Miss MAryY E. WESTON, CHARLES V. WHATLEY, S. T. WHEELER, SEYMOUR WHISE, DR. MELCHIOR WHITE, Mrs. LINN WILD, A. CLEMENT WHITEHEAD, W. M. WIERSMA, 1SA WILD, RICHARD WILDER, Mrs. HAROLD WILDER, Mrs. JOHN E. WILDER, MRs. T. E. WILEY, EDWARD N. WILKES, C. H. WILLETT, ALBERT V. WILLETTS, GEORGE M. DECEASED, BARKER, MRS. FRANK W. COWING, JOHN P. ELLINGSON, GIRARD A. FRANK, HENRY L. FRIEND, ALEX GRIGNON, GEORGE. F. 174 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HiISTORY—REpPoRTS, VOL. VII. WILLIAMS, Mrs. EUGENE P. WILLIAMS, GAAR WILLIAMSON, D. WILSEY, R. E. WILSON, Miss CAROLYN WILSON, Mrs. E. CRANE WILSON, M. H. WILSON, PERCIVAL C. WILSON, ROBERT C. WINSLOW, CHARLES S. WINSTON, BERTRAM M. WINTER, I. WINTERBOTHAM, JOHN R. WITHERBEE, W. E. WITKOWSKY, MISS ESTHER WITKOWSKY, JAMES WoLBACH, MURRAY Wo.LFr, ROBERT N. WOLFE, WILLIAM C. WOLFF, CHRISTIAN J. WOLFF, GEORGE F. Woop, HAROLD B. Woop, JoHN H. WoopyYaTt, Dr. ROLLIN TURNER Woo.Lr, MRS. OLGA Worthy, Mrs. S. W. WORTHLEY, WALLACE F. Wray, Mrs. JAMES G. WRIGHT, DR. JAMES A. WRIGHT, MRS. WARREN WUNDERLE, H. O. YEOMANS, CHARLES YocuM, REUBEN E. YOUNG, GEORGE H. YOUNG, GEORGE W. YOUNG, JAMES W. ZEITZ, ANDREW R. ZENOS, REV. ANDREW C. ZEUCH, Dr. Lucius P. ZUCKER, W. J. 1926 HASTINGS, Louis M. KUNTZENDORF, CHARLES A. LARSON, EMIL M. LINCOLN, ROBERT T. SHERMAN, L. B. es Wal LON IvTt aly e. Y Vor, Vip No. 2 ‘ P 0 ARD OF TRUST fe NATURAL HISTORY FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD CH 1895 Oo ICAG Ste f x vu rr? <—* Pc , “a 7 ; _ a5 x Ne ne = “ Ss am v ise P * “ : » oH 5% a 2 >) = ‘ whic i fi 7 : . » 4 Ray i; vw af # < TRE jaa RD ene ee ee Te Sw eels lle. aah n apatites Ob es pummine eipea = lp ale eS tla AE mnt 3 ee ee ae Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate XXI ERNEST R. GRAHAM Trustee of the Museum and member of the Building Committee FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893 PUBLICATION 248 REPORT SERIES Vou. Vil. New Z ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR 1927, Bice | RS Or 88 NATURAL © HISTORY Cuicaco, U.S. A. January, 1928 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS BEQUESTS Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may be made in securities, money, books or collections. They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to the memory of a person or cause, to be named by the giver. For those desirous of making bequests to the Museum, the following form is suggested: FORM OF BEQUEST I do hereby give and bequeath to Field Museum of Natural History of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, Cash contributions made within the taxable year to Field Museum of Natural History to an amount not in excess of 15 per cent of the taxpayer’s net income are allowable as deduc- tions in computing net income under Article 251 of Regula- tion 69 relating to the income tax under the Revenue Act of 1926. Endowments may be made to the Museum with the pro- vision that an annuity be paid to the patron during his or her lifetime. These annuities are tax-free and are guaranteed against fluctuation in amount. We: % tk Pa eet ‘ ae SC EAD 4 Brae LP ip $v PM ‘* i iN i Zone Dati i Qin ‘i i Oe ¥ pre! Ly 4 Ne pr) te Thy doll Rid PV MARAT AL Wi Me Ai VAS PD i RAR: CONTENTS PARSEIHEMMEREM IELTS COCR ier erg ee chet tre era Sel Bl ai a areeialiots wees 4c eiWlaie, © ele calee ea lod 180 MUSRIRE Rete CAC OMIMICCEES oo: 5) 4 co6 clare a crelere cies Cece lel eaivis eleieicie seca scae ees 181 pee eRPMONE EE MEIN Sree cs No) siete Goclg: Lie Nip lalate e aceie wieiclele ete cieidisi@b mere weiss gale ole 182 ERP TOUEE NEPAD ITCCUOT 6 ois bicic ois o'cle s aie aicie Goleicises cieiee cba sess eleeeeces 185 MeerunesanGmncercainMents fo. 3)c cis oeles bole clove bce kiss e's Secale eras aia 197 The James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Public School and rlcrenrs WeClUTeS: Wk ia cree oie ur wlaiiraleiate c Blareveiouereca%s «cle: e 201 “SAE DUNG RUE PR a AI AT Ie Sv Ua CAL an nea 204 ULV SRI 6 o e) g Al Bae Se URE TR ee Ac er MB EL OP ete 205 PU RTIERREETON Syn tey oe ose eves svo a Se ie, Wig tree en gid bla Siatg ew ele Aaxelere Uk eles 208 PCCO OSIM Sener re AIS aa eils te us a eua So atienie Mma enc ausclths 8) bolic cides ohare eoBiate olece sec eile 233 Cataloruine. Inventorying and Labeling ..s.. 0.06.6. ccc ee coe cee cc es 253 Installations, Rearrangements and Permanent Improvements.......... PASS ( fae NW. Harris Public School Mxtension ............cccccccecccces 283 PRGUMEVESC RECHT CASSES Oe cies Use ais iene se Ginia wiccerdis See ae aloe) oe webeees 284 MiGuistannObse UDG RELATIONS 3 .:6)c-4 cc es ee ie elee s esa ce ale vciee's Sees 285 PDDOTRS GER GUE LETT VOY 2 ae Ua ce a ee ee 288 Divisions of Photography, Roentgenology and Illustration............. 290 BISON OR WECIMDETSHIDS cs ye re eee saps sok ase ale les idicaee Saeed 291 2 SH ERTYE SIRS: (SISTA CS ES SO AAI aU aaa LeU a 293 UETUETEDDTE LSU L RED Ta STS I Te 7 i UR et ta pa Ue 294 WI SGm OG PAICEESSIOMNS cio icy te cinten Seale aisle e Se sel cbale plone abe igtase Ge oka lode) eualte a aloe 296 Wenparcment Of Anthropology.) osc os ccc c es cece oc Sore eke cc ce cheeses 296 DSP ARGMCHt OL DOCANW ie ce oats alae ea ae ok cule GORE oe eee 299 CHARLIE UT Ol GEOlLO PY) ase ale re eiciye cy cies Shel eisig Srorewis,wleceidleis Gs ale 301 MICHATLMIEN TOL; AOOLODV irae sce ete so atic Se in bieleilo eee cee ue oka aula 304 PAV ONG BE INISIOM etc eiaveeaie ceil wewesact is octal oa Us Sie Caio slat Boe elec we oa ava 307 WIMISIONVOR EG NOLOSTADNY as oles icra a aieie Slee als Gee miele gia alba aa aes 307 TESTE) TTP NTRS Vey RIN eR Se CT Ss CALS Gace ane gee Se ee na ue 308 PERCE AO HET COL DOTAGION a 1./.lc)a eis cishs Sie bo ovis aisle Sielaie dake eens baw wedi ode es 320 PMR ITEICEREED = MIA WISHES eae ice eshte setae oc sla iausher bate ute GG SlslSlo evels seas giecc ea ue 322 List of Benefactors, Honorary Members, and Patrons ..................-6: 327 MicmOmCOLDOLate WICMPDETS ooo ses LEU sacs oieiele s aisic.g.c aca cele gies aeleiees 328 Heist or Lite Members ........00....60005. GSU SC Busahct coseol, nena Sar Nak Gus gtoNy 3 329 Simo ASSOCIALEH VECINDETS ais 5 oc laki ote adie) oe ince. c oi ste 6 wieie is eo cc aiwidiarclere o's ate oles 332 Picts SUStAIMINE VECIN DOTS!) 2).:2). sulci ln Cais vec ca Qdlew ele ce swageciaeewecene 347 Wer eb SIEM Ua WECM CTS sic eect olc le sales so dlc: wich SMO MUS wis wide tielSbewe ees Shit 180 FreLp Museum or NaturaL HistorY—Reports, Vou. VII THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES WATSON F’. BLAIR CHAUNCEY KEEP | JOHN BORDEN CHARLES H. MARKHAM HARRY E. BYRAM Cyrus H. McCorRMIckK WILLIAM J. CHALMERS WILLIAM H. MITCHELL RICHARD T. CRANE, JR. FREDERICK H. RAWSON D. C. DAVIES MARTIN A. RYERSON CAPTAIN MARSHALL FIELD JAMES SIMPSON STANLEY FIELD SOLOMON A. SMITH ERNEST R. GRAHAM ALBERT A. SPRAGUE ALBERT W. HARRIS SILAS H. STRAWN WILLIAM WRIGLEY, JR. DECEASED, 1927 EDWARD FE. AYER ARTHUR B. JONES JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 181 OFFICERS STANLEY FIELD, President MARTIN A. RYERSON, First Vice-President WATSON F. BLAIR, Second Vice-President ALBERT A. SPRAGUE, Third Vice-President D. C. DaAvigs, Secretary *ARTHUR B. JONES, Assistant Secretary SOLOMON A. SMITH, Treasurer COMMITTEES EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE STANLEY FIELD ALBERT A. SPRAGUE WATSON F. BLAIR *EDWARD FE. AYER WILLIAM J. CHALMERS CAPTAIN MARSHALL FIELD *ARTHUR B. JONES JOHN BORDEN FINANCE COMMITTEE WATSON F. BLAIR *ARTHUR B. JONES MARTIN A. RYERSON CHAUNCEY KEEP ALBERT W. HARRIS BUILDING COMMITTEE WILLIAM J. CHALMERS ALBERT A. SPRAGUE Cyrus H. McCormick ERNEST R. GRAHAM ; HarRrRY E. BYRAM AUDITING COMMITTEE *ARTHUR B. JONES CHARLES H. MARKHAM SILAS H. STRAWN PENSION COMMITTEE ALBERT A. SPRAGUE SOLOMON A. SMITH JAMES SIMPSON *DECEASED 182 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsToRY—REeEportsS, VoL. VII LIST OF STAFF DIRECTOR D. C. DAVIES DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY BERTHOLD LAUFER, Curator A. L. KROEBER, Research Associate in American Archaeology ASSISTANT CURATORS ALBERT B. LEWIS, Melanesian Eihnology RALPH LINTON, Oceanic and Malayan Ethnology WILLIAM D. STRONG, North American Ethnology and Archaeology J. ERIC THOMPSON, Mexican and Maya Archezology W. D. HAMBLY, African Ethnology HENRY FIELD, Physical Anthropology WILLIAM M. McGovERN, South American and Mexican Ethnology T. GEORGE ALLEN, Egyptian Archaeology JOHN G. PRASUHN, Modeler DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY B. E. DAHLGREN, Acting Curator PAUL C. STANDLEY, Associate Curator of the Herbarium J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE, Assistant Curator of Taxonomy JAMES B. McNAIR, Assistant Curator of Economic Botany SAMUEL J. RECORD, Research Associate in Wood Technology CARL NEUBERTH, Custodian of Herbarium DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY O. C. FARRINGTON, Curator HENRY W. NICHOLS, Associate Curator ELMER 8. Riacs, Associate Curator of Paleontology SHARAT K. Roy, Assistant Curator of Invertebrate Paleontology DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY WILFRED H. Oscoon, Curator WILLIAM J. GERHARD, Associate Curator of Insects C. E. HELLMAyYR, Associate Curator of Birds BOARDMAN CONOVER, Associate in Ornithology ASSISTANT CURATORS *E}'DMUND HELLER, Mammals KARL P. SCHMIDT, Reptiles JOHN T. ZIMMER, Birds ALFRED C. WEED, Fishes R. MAGOON BARNES, Oology EDMOND N. GUERET, Osteology *ALFRED M. BAILEY, Assistant COLIN C. SANBORN, Assistant TAXIDERMISTS JULIUS FRIESSER, Mammals C. J. ALBRECHT, Mammals L. L. PRAY, Fishes LEON L. WALTERS, Repiiles ARTHUR G. RUECKERT, Mammals ASHLEY HINE, Birds *RESIGNED JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR DEPARTMENT OF THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION STEPHEN C. Simms, Curator A. B. Wotcott, Assistant Curator THE LIBRARY ELSIE LIPPINCOTT, Librarian EMILY M. WILCOXSON, Assistant Librarian REGISTRAR AUDITOR Henry F. DITZEL _ BENJAMIN BRIDGE CLIFFORD C. GREGG, General Assistant RECORDER PURCHASING AGENT ELsiz H. THOMAS DOUGLAS W. GIBSON THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN’S LECTURE DIVISION DoROTHY R. COCKRELL, Chief MARGARET FISHER CLEVELAND P. GRANT MARGARET M. CORNELL E.. VANCE COOKE, JR. DIVISION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS H. B. HARTER, in charge DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS *R. R. MORE, in charge DIVISION OF PRINTING U. A. DOHMEN, in charge DIVISIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHY, ROENTGENOLOGY AND ILLUSTRATION C. H. CARPENTER, Photographer CARL F. GRONEMANN, Artist A. A. MILLER, Photogravurist CHARLES A. CORWIN, Artist ANNA REGINALDA BOLAN, Roenigenologist SUPERINTENDENT OF MAINTENANCE JOHN E. GLYNN CHIEF ENGINEER W. H. CORNING WILLIAM EI. LAKE, Assistant Engineer *RESIGNED 183 EON PT GT agate Wel Re il ‘ 1 1a. ipo wh ar rates, i a Uh a hy : da! Ph uf vara ! gh uN yeni Hi Sept Gra Tp eae Bay Tay Acie healt any id AS fies era f. (it cree) 4 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1927 To the Trustees of Field Museum of Natural History: I have the honor to present a report of the operations of the Museum for the year ending December 31, 1927. In reviewing the history of this year, three things stand out prominently which alone would make it especially noteworthy in the annals of the Institution. They are: first, the year’s attendance exceeded 1,000,000, outstripping all previous years; second, extensive structural changes were made which added fourteen halls to the space available for exhibits; and third, through the activities of sixteen expeditions, and through the continued expansion of intra- mural research, publications, and dissemination of knowledge by exhibits and other means, the Museum has again made a great contribution to the causes of science and education. The number of persons who visited the Museum in 1927 was 1,043,546. This exceeds the attendance of 1926, the next largest, by 112,975. As there were only one or two especially important events at Soldier Field or in Grant Park during the year to attract crowds into the vicinity of the Museum, this large and gratifying gain in attendance can rightfully be assigned to the constantly in- creasing interest of the public in the Museum itself. In the six years and eight months since the Museum has been in its pre- sent building it has received a total of 4,740,877 visitors. This is more than the total number for 22 years in its former building in Jackson Park. The structural changes, above mentioned, were undertaken to gain additional exhibition area which was greatly needed for anthro- pological and zoological material which either has already been acquired or is to be acquired in the future. This reconstruction was a vast undertaking, and the large expense involved was met by contributions made by President Stanley Field. Details of the work of the sixteen Field Museum expeditions in the field during the year will be found in the various departmental sections of this Report. A brief summary is given herewith: The Second Rawson-MacMuillan Subarctic Expedition set out in June for fifteen months in Labrador and Baffin Land, to 185 186 FIELD MuseuM oF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTsS, VOL. VII make explorations, collect anthropological, botanical, geological, and zoological material, conduct scientific researches, and make topo- graphical studies. The expedition is financed by Mr. Frederick H. Rawson, and led by Lieutenant-Commander Donald B. MacMillan. A fleet of three vessels, Commander MacMillan’s flagship “Bow- doin,’ the schooner ‘Radio,’ and the power boat “See-Ko,” is engaged in the work. The expedition has established a scientific — station near Nain, in Labrador. Dr. William D. Strong, Mr. Sharat K. Roy, Mr. Alfred C. Weed, and Mr. Arthur G. Rueckert are mem- bers of the Museum staff on this expedition. The Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition returned in May after more than eight months in Abyssinia, during which 3,500 mammals, birds, fishes and reptiles, many of them rare species, were collected. The Chicago Daily News financed this expedition. Curator Wilfred H. Osgood was leader. Others in the personnel were Mr. C. Suydam Cutting, Mr. James Baum, Mr. Alfred M. Bailey, and the late Louis Agassiz Fuertes, noted artist and ornithologist who, it is regretfully recorded, was killed in an automobile accident shortly after returning to this country. The Borden-Field Museum Alaska-Arctic Expedition, sponsored and led by Mr. John Borden, on his yacht, the “Northern Light,’ obtained a representative collection of land and sea mammals of Alaska and neighboring islands, many birds of the region, and a collection of ethnological material. Members of the party, besides Mr. Borden, included Mrs. Borden, Mr. and Mrs. R. B. Slaughter, Mr. and Mrs. C. B. Goodspeed, Miss Frances Ames, Miss Edith Cummings, and Taxidermist Ashley Hine of the Museum staff. The Field Museum-Oxford University Joint Expedition to Meso- potamia, of which Captain Marshall Field is sponsor for the Mu- seum’s share, resumed its operations, carried on during four pre- vious seasons. The 1927 season was its most successful one thus far. This expedition will continue its work in 1928. Ten other expeditions were sponsored by Captain Marshall Field. These included the Anthropological Expedition to Madagascar, in charge of Assistant Curator Ralph Linton, which concluded its two years’ activities, obtaining some 4,500 ethnological specimens for the Museum, and information of unusual importance to the scientific world; the South American Zoological Expedition, begun in 1926, and concluded in 1927 with the return of Mr. Colin C. Sanborn of the Museum staff, last of its members to remain in the field; the Paleontological Expedition to Argentina and Bolivia, headed JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 187 by Associate Curator Elmer 8S. Riggs, which obtained a remark- able collection of mammal fossils; an anthropological expedition in Europe and Asia to collect material for use in the proposed Hall of Prehistoric Man, in charge of Assistant Curator Henry Field; a zoological expedition in India, in charge of Colonel J. C. Faunthorpe of Bombay; a botanical expedition in South America in charge of Dr. A. Weberbauer of Lima, Peru; an expedition in British Honduras to conduct ethnological and archaeological re- searches in connection with Maya civilization, in charge of Assistant Curator J. Eric Thompson; a geological expedition in Maine con- ducted by Curator Oliver C. Farrington; a geclogical expedition in Newfoundland under the leadership of Assistant Curator Sharat K. Roy; and a joint expedition of Yale University School of Forestry, the New York Botanical Gardens, the United Fruit Company, and Field Museum to collect botanical specimens in Costa Rica. The Conover-Everard Expedition to Tanganyika ‘Territory, Africa, returned in June after more than a year’s work during which approximately 600 mammals, 1,500 birds, and 300 reptiles were collected. This expedition was financed and actively partici- pated in by Mr. Boardman Conover, Associate in Ornithology, and Mr. Robert Everard of Detroit. Assistant Curator John T. Zimmer was also a member of the party. The Alexander H. Revell-Field Museum Expedition to Alaska during the summer obtained several specimens of Kodiak Bear. The expedition was, in the main, financed by Mr. Alexander H. Revell. The Museum was the recipient of many benefactions during the year. Mr. Frederick H. Rawson made a gift of $19,000 to cover the deficit in the budget for the year 1927. Mr. Rawson also contributed $30,000 for the Second Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of Field Museum. President Field made contributions during the year which totaled $274,147. These included $16,654 for the year’s operating expenses of the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories; $68,541 toward the building deficit fund, and $188,952 to cover the cost of structural changes described in this Report. Captain Marshall Field, in addition to his annual contribution of $100,000, gave $10,000 for the continuation of the Museum’s zoological expedition in South America. Mrs. Anna Louise Raymond supplemented her $500, 000 endow- ment of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Public School 188 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII and Children’s Lecture Division by a special gift of $10,000 for 1927, and a gift of $7,000 for 1927 operating expenses of the Divi- sion, the latter of which is the first of a series of annual contribu- tions. A legacy of $25,000 from the late George F. Porter, and one of $2,000 from the late Arthur B. Jones, were bequeathed to the Mu- seum. Prior to his death, the late Edward E. Ayer contributed $3,123 for the purchase of books and articles of pewter for addi- tion to the Ayer Ornithological Library and the Ayer Pewter Collection. A trust fund of $380,000 was established by Mr. and Mrs. William J. Chalmers to assure the continued growth of the William J. Chalmers Crystal Collection, to promote its scientific study and description, and to make possible publication of the results of these researches. This trust fund will be known as the William J. and Joan A. Chalmers Trust Fund. A further contribution was made by Mr. Chalmers for the purchase of specimens of additional crystals for the collection bearing his name, and he added 63 specimens of rare minerals and gems to the systematic mineral collection. Mr. Ernest R. Graham made a further contribution of $25,000, representing his annual gift to the Museum. This donation will be devoted toward the completion of Ernest R. Graham Hall of His- torical Geology. A contract was entered into during the year with Mr. Frederick Blaschke of Cold Spring-on-Hudson, New York, for the execution and delivery of three groups representing restorations of fossil animals and their environments, for installation in Ernest R. Graham Hall of Historical Geology. A contribution of $20,000 was received from Mrs. Stanley Field as the first installment on a fund she is creating for the purchase and installation in the Museum of a pipe organ. The organ will be used in giving Sunday organ recitals in the Museum, and for special occasions. Mr. and Mrs. Martin A. Ryerson contributed $12,000 toward the Stanley Field Museum Employes’ Pension Fund. The American Friends of China contributed $555 as their annual gift for the development of the Chinese section of the anthropolo- gical collections. Mr. Alexander H. Revell contributed $5,000, and Mr. Sewell L. Avery $500, toward the expense of the Alexander H. Revell-Field Museum Expedition to Alaska. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 189 The Illinois Chapter of the Wild Flower: Preservation Society of America contributed $500 for the maintenance during the spring, summer and autumn months of an exhibit of living wild flowers of the Chicago region in Stanley Field Hall. They have kindly agreed to make an annual contribution for this purpose. The sum of $51,348 was received from the Estate of the late _ John G. Shedd as payment in full for the Shedd Aquarium’s share of the cost of the changes in the Museum’s heating system necessary for the heating of the Aquarium from the Museum’s plant. The South Park Commissioners turned over to the Museum $192,582 derived from the tax levy authorized for this purpose by the State Legislature. Under the Stanley Field Museum Employes’ Pension Fund a plan was put into effect whereby a supplementary $1,000 life in- surance is made available to each employe, in addition to the life insurance previously provided for employes. Mr. C. Suydam Cutting of New York, who was a member of the Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition, pur- chased for $4,500 and presented to the Museum a collection of the last paintings of birds and other animals made by the late Louis Agassiz Fuertes. The paintings, 108 in number, were made on the Abyssinian Expedition by Mr. Fuertes, and are pronounced to be the best work of his lifetime, during which he had achieved the dis- tinction of being generally conceded as America’s foremost painter of birds. Mr. Cutting presented the Museum also with eight reels of motion pictures which he himself had taken while in the field with the Abyssinian Expedition. Many other gifts were made to the Museum during the year by its hosts of generous friends. Notable among these was a collection . of beautiful and valuable Chinese money belts embroidered with glass beads in intricate designs, presented by Mrs. George T. Smith. Another important gift in the Department of Anthropology is an excellent collection of Eskimo ethnological material which Mr. John Borden gathered while leading the Borden-Field Museum Alaska-Arctic Expedition. The Department of Botany received a gift of 650 Central Amer- ican herbarium specimens from Professor Samuel J. Record; another of 3,039 United States plants from Dr. E. E. Sherff; 3,019 herbarium specimens by exchange from the United States National Museum, and 334 herbarium specimens from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. 190 FIELD MusEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REportTs, VOL. VII An unusually well preserved and complete skull and lower jaws, with tusks, of a young male mastodon from northern Indiana, was a notable addition of the year to the specimens representing these extinct animals in the Department of Geology. A collection of more than 250 fossil plants of the Coal Period, about 300,000,000 years old, was received by exchange from the National Museum, Washington, D. C. These will be of great value in making restorations of the flora of that period. Outstanding among the accessions of the Department of Zoology are specimens of Mountain Nyala, Abyssinian Ibex, Abyssinian Red Wolf, Gelada Baboon, Grevy’s Zebra, Defassa Waterbuck and Northern Roan Antelope, which are included in the 3,500 specimens obtained by the Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expe- dition; the skin and skeleton of the rare White Rhinoceros, an animal ~ believed to be on the verge of extinction, obtained by the Conover- Everard Expedition to Tanganyika Territory; and several especially fine examples of Alaska Brown Bear obtained by the Borden-Field Museum Alaska-Arctic Expedition, which fulfill an immediate need for the Hall of American Mammal Habitat Groups. Mr. John Wentworth of Chicago presented a fine Black Rhinoceros skin from Tanganyika Territory, Africa, which will make an exhibit of extreme interest. A gift of an important collection of specimens of rare game animals of Abyssinia was received from Mr. Harold A. White. One of the Museum’s notable purchases during the year was the Cap Blanc skeleton of a youth who lived in southwestern France about 25,000 years ago. This is the only complete skeleton of a European prehistoric man of that period in any museum in the United States. During the year the Museum purchased a Lanston monotype keyboard with a easter equipment, and a folding machine, for the Division of Printing. These machines enable the Division to handle a greater amount of work with increased efficiency. The Museum suffered a serious loss during the year by the deaths of two of its Trustees, Mr. Arthur B. Jones and Mr. Edward E. Ayer. Both of these men had been connected with the Museum from its earliest days, and each of them had contributed generously to its collections and given much of their time and effort to the promo- tion of the Institution’s progress. The Arthur B. Jones Collection of ethnological material from the Malay Peninsula and Malay Archipelago stands as a permanent testimonial of the unflagging interest shown in the Museum by Mr. Jones. Likewise, the Edward ezis [enjow 4I9I3U9M4-90GQ (de) ee BeoNyy Mou ul usesos UO UO E]]e4sUI Jo a]dmexg VOIUAV LSAM ‘NOOUANVO JO SAPINL WOU HUOMaAVAA a a5 VrVYyy yy PA, , uy A <4 HU > 4 V4 A ¥ hs y “RNC AN IIXX °3%1d ‘IIA “1OA ‘s}10dey AJOYSIF{ [VINYSN JO winesny pPlelT JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 191 Ek. Ayer Pewter Collection, the Edward E. Ayer Ornithological Library which stands among the foremost in its field, and the many contributions of valuable objects and collections made by Mr. Ayer, to the Department of Anthropology particularly, but to the other Departments of the Museum as well, constitute a memorial to him. They remain as evidence of the enthusiam he devoted to the task of helping to develop the Museum to give the greatest public service, and take its rank among the world’s leading institutions of its kind. Mr. Jones, who had been a Trustee of the Museum since 1894, died on February 21, 1927. He was also an Honorary Member, a Corporate Member, and a Life Member. The following tribute in the form of a resolution by the Board of Trustees was paid to his memory: “The death of Mr. Arthur B. Jones having been announced at the monthly meeting of the Board of Trustees of Field Museum of Natural History, held March 14, 1927, the following resolution was adopted as a Testimonial of his services in behalf of the Institution: “With profound regret the Trustees of Field Museum of Natural History have learned of the decease of their fellow Trustee, Arthur B. Jones. “Mr. Jones served as a member of the Board of Trustees with great fidelity and ability, his interest in the Museum dating from the very beginning of the Institution, and continuing until his demise. ““Accepting, at the organization of the Board, appointment as a member of the Auditing Committee, he remained on this Commit- tee during his long association with the Museum and carried on its exacting duties with unceasing devotion. Although it invoived, especially in earlier years, a considerable sacrifice of time, he later assumed additional responsibility as a Member of the Finance Com- mittee. To all questions of importance affecting the welfare and interest of the Museum, he gave unstinted and assiduous attention, and always sought to promote the progress of the Institution along beneficent lines. “His unselfish labors and generous contributions on behalf of the Museum have been wrought into the development of the Insti- tution and will bear fruit for years to come. “The members of the Board of Trustees desire to extend to his bereaved widow and family the assurance of their deepest sympathy.” 192 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII Mr. Ayer, it will be remembered, was the first President of the Museum, serving in that capacity from 1893 to 1899, and serving as a Trustee from the time of the Institution’s establishment until his death. He was also a Benefactor, an Honorary Member, a Corporate Member and a Life Member. He died on May 3, 1927. In tribute to his memory the Board of Trustees adopted the follow- ing resolution: “The death of Mr. Edward Everett Ayer on May 3, 1927, at Pasadena, California, in his eighty-sixth year, removed from the closer circle of Field Museum of Natural History one of its most sincere friends and devoted supporters. “Mr. Ayer gave generous and effective assistance in the initial organization of the Museum. He was in the fullest accord with its purpose, and contributed to its progress an ever wakeful enthusiam which counted far in the councils of the Trustees, and became re- flected in a large number of his contemporaries. For five years, from 1894 to 1899, Mr. Ayer served the Institution as its first Presi- dent, and it fell to his share to formulate and pronounce many of the fundamental principles which originated with its founders. Continuing his service as a member of the Board of Trustees through- out the remainder of his life, Mr. Ayer gave liberally of his time and efforts to strengthen and develop the Museum in every way. His participation in its active management was dictated by his strong faith in the great future of Chicago as an educational center and in the importance of organized museum activities as an integral part of this development. This conviction prompted Mr. Ayer in con- tributing time and again large collections and groups of important objects, some of which served in the upbuilding of several unrivalled units in the Library, others in extending materially the organized collections in other fields. From year to year his contributions, chiefly of anthropological interest, continued, and all departments of the Museum give some evidence of his zeal as a collector. “Mr. Ayer was notably successful in enlisting the aid of others in an effort to extend and supplement the collections, and in this way adduced much material which otherwise might have been lost to the Institution. His enthusiam inspired many of his contemporaries to follow his example in this public service. “The most important gifts made either wholly or in part by Mr. Ayer include several thousand specimens illustrating the archaeology and ethnology of the North American Indians, large Egyptian collections, valuable antiquities illustrating Greek, Roman and JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 193 Etruscan archaeology, an important collection of fossil vertebrates from the Rancho La Brea beds of California, and, in his later years, a large and exhaustive collection illustrating the history and uses of pewter in all parts of the world. He also made many contributions to the gem exhibits in H. N. Higinbotham Hall. “The Museum Library benefited in many ways by Mr. Ayer’s _ contributions, but his chief service consisted in building up by his donations exceptionally complete collections of books and manu- scripts on the subjects of ornithology and ichthyology, including numerous works of superior excellence and rarity, which, as a whole, would be a notable attraction in any institution. “Mr. Ayer’s personal character expressed itself in an alert interest in even the minutest details of the Museum, from its personnel to the administrative details. He confessed himself in a privileged position as a member of the Board of Trustees. His sympathies included the care of the collections as well as the welfare of every employe. He remained in close personal contact with the members of the Museum staff and inspired all with his generous, intelligent response to earnest work, his high ideals, his reverence of true service and his confidence in that form of public enlightment which remains the cultural foundation of Field Museum.” Mr. Frederick H. Rawson was elected as a Trustee to fill the vacancy caused by Mr. Ayer’s death. Mr. William H. Mitchell was also elected during the year as a Corporate Member, and as a Trustee to fill the vacancy caused by Mr. Jones’ death. In July the Museum’s Hall of African Mammals was dedicated as Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall in honor of the late Carl E. Akeley, noted explorer, sculptor, taxidermist and inventor, many of whose masterpieces both of taxidermy and sculpture are in Field Museum. Mr. Akeley, who was chief taxidermist of the Museum | from 1895 to 1909, died on November 17, 1926, two days after his election as a Patron. In recognition of the eminent service they have rendered the Museum, Mrs. George T. Smith and Mrs. John J. Borland were elected Patrons of the Institution. The following were elected Life Members: Mr. Frederick Wes- ley Sargent, Judge Elbert H. Gary (who, it is recorded with regret, has since died), Mrs. Arthur B. Jones, Mr. F. D. Corley, Mr. Edward A. Cudahy, Jr., Mr. Britton I. Budd, Mr. William G. Burt, Mrs. Mason Bross, Mr. James Otis Hinkley, Mr. Paul E. Gardner, Mr. William B. Mcllvaine, Mrs. Waller Borden, Mr. 194. FIELD MusEUM OF NATURAL HIstoRY—ReEports, VOL. VII Reuben G. Chandler, Mr. Earle H. Reynolds, Mr. George Lytton, Mr. William N. Jarnagin, Mr. James D. Cunningham, Mr. Ronald L. F. Tree, Mr. George W. Dixon, Mr. J. Dorr Bradley, Mr. John Stuart, Mr. Wallace De Wolf, and Miss Gwethalyn Jones. Mr. Arthur S. Vernay was elected as a non-resident Life Member. In other classes of membership, a total of 1,253 was added to the Museum’s lists. The area gained by the reconstruction previously mentioned is confined to the ground floor, and it is adaptable to attractive and comprehensive arrangements of exhibits. To accomplish this expan- sion of exhibition space it was necessary to remove and reroute some twenty long pipe lines which had formerly run along the ceilings, exposed to view. This involved the installation on the third floor of three ten-inch steam pipes, also cold water, hot water and circula- ting pipes, and of gas and compressed air lines. In doing this work no walls were broken, and there was no interference with the exhibi- tion halls on the main and second floors. Approximately 3,800 feet of trenches were dug under the ground floor for the drip pipes, which now lead to a new pump room which was excavated fourteen feet below the southwest corner of the Museum . In these trenches are also pipes for high pressure water for fire protection, hot and cold water, gas and compressed air. A tunnel fully 1,000 feet long was built from the new pump room to the northeast corner of the Mu- seum, in which steam feed and return heating pipes for the Shedd Aquarium were installed, together with the Museum’s piping. There were 51,700 feet, or nearly ten miles of pipes laid in the course of this work. More than 200 tons of old piping were removed and sold. Eleven of the new ground floor halls gained by these changes will be used for anthropological and three for zoological exhibits. Struc- tural changes, noticeable only from the inside, were made also in Ernest R. Graham Hall of Historical Geology. The 72 windows in this hall were blocked out, those on the north, west and south being insulated with celotex, and those on the east being bricked up. This was done to exclude daylight, and make possible the instal- lation of a system of artificial lighting better suited to the proper display of the material exhibited in the hall. The windows along the west wall of the Hall of Plant Life (Hall 29) have also been bricked up for similar reasons. Sixty-six skylights were covered with insulating panels and rubberoid. The skylight over the first floor was covered with a heavy coat of malleable asphalt. Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate X XIII ~ oc) egg xy rea. pig — y: - AN AERIAL GARDEN . A community of parasitic and epiphytic plants with a termite nest from a Guiana tree-top Temporarily installed in Stanley Field Hall Reproduced from nature Stanley Field Guiana Expedition, 1922 One-ninth natural size . JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 195 Two iron hand railings leading up the steps to the north entrance of the Museum were installed. The work of remodeling Egyptian Hall was begun during the year. This consists in the main of the construction of a case as a part of the north and east walls for a length of 194 feet. This type of case, an entirely new departure from usual museum methods, will permit the grouping of mummies, their cases, mummy cloths and other mortuary objects. An effective lighting system will be arranged for this and the other cases in the hall. Several important new installations and reinstallations were undertaken during the year. The economic collections of food plants, and of woods, in the Department of Botany, are undergoing a pro- cess of reinstallation, which includes addition of new specimens, and relabeling, which will increase their interest and value. In the Department of Zoology, two new habitat groups of mammals, one of the Wapiti, or American Elk, from the Olympic Mountains of Washington, and the other of Mule Deer from the Kaibab Forest of Arizona, were installed in the Hall of American Mammal Habitat Groups. The Mule Deer specimens were obtained by a Captain Marshall Field expedition in 1926. The taxidermy on the American Elk group was the work of Taxidermist Julius Friesser ; that on the Mule Deer was done by Taxidermist C. J. Albrecht, who also, as a member of the expedition, procured the animals. The scenic backgrounds of both cases were painted by Staff Artist C. A. Corwin, who also painted backgrounds for the Ovis Poli, Ibex, Glacier Bear, and Sea Lion groups now in course of construction or installation. The Grizzly Bear, Antelope and Moose cases in the Hall of American Mammal Habitat Groups were reinstalled, and all groups in this hall were furnished with new backgrounds. The Department of Zoology also placed on exhibition a repro- duction of a hippopotamus, now installed in Stanley Field Hall. This is said to be the first life-like preparation of a hippopotamus ever shown in any museum. The reproduction is made of a cellulose- acetate compound, by a special process invented by Mr. Leon L. Walters of the Museum’s taxidermy staff, who has by the same process reproduced snakes, crocodiles, and other animals which readily lend themselves to this treatment. The hippopotamus specimen from which the reproduction was made was a gift to the Museum of the Cincinnati Zoological Park Association. The former Edward E. Ayer Hall of Roman Antiquities was renamed Edward E. and Emma B. Ayer Hall. 196 FIELD MusEUM OF NATURAL HiSTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII All educational activities of the Museum were continued, on a larger scale than in previous years. The usual courses of illustrated lectures on science and travel, by noted travelers and explorers, were given, with a gratifying response on the part of the public, so great, in fact, that notwithstanding the fact that there are 1,124 seats in the James Simpson Theatre, its capacity was often exceeded by the number of persons seeking admission. The work conducted by the Museum among school children was increased. This includes the circulation of about 1,000 traveling exhibits of natural history and economic subjects among the schools of Chicago by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension of the Museum; and also the exten- sion lectures given in the schools, and the moving pictures of natural history and economic subjects given for the children in the James Simpson Theatre, both of the latter activities under the auspices of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Public School and Children’s Lecture Division. The giving of Sunday concerts in the James Simpson Theatre, inaugurated in 1926, was continued in 1927. Two series of concerts were given in the past year, one series of six under the auspices of the Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge Foundation of the Library of Congress, and one series of three presented by the Chicago Chamber Music Society. These continued to be extremely popular, drawing large attendance. The Library of the Museum, which now contains approxi- mately 92,500 books and pamphlets on scientific subjects, was used by a greater number of persons in 1927 than in any previous year. The following additions to the scientific staff were made during 1927: Dr. William M. McGovern was appointed Assistant Curator of South American and Mexican Ethnology; Mr. J. Eric Thompson was reappointed to the staff as Assistant Curator of Mexican and Maya Archaeology; Dr. T. George Allen was appointed Assistant Curator of Egyptian Archaeology; Dr. Paul C. Standley from the herbarium of the United States National Museum was appointed Associate Curator of Field Museum Herbarium, and Professor Samuel J. Record of Yale University School of Forestry was appoint- ed Research Associate in Wood Technology. | Mr. H. B. Harte was placed in charge of the Division of Public Relations, which was reorganized during the year. Mr. Edmund Vance Cooke, Jr., was employed as a Guide Lecturer. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 197 Two members of the scientific staff resigned during the year: Mr. Edmund Heller and Mr. Alfred M. Bailey, both of whom had been Assistant Curators in the Department of Zoology. , Mrs. Dorothy R. Cockrell, who is in charge of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Public School and Children’s Lecture Division, visited European museums and schools during the summer, in order to study their activities and the relationship existing be- tween them. . This opportunity is taken to extend grateful acknowledgement to the various transportation companies for displaying posters and placards advertising the Museum and for distributing nearly 190,000 Museum direction folders; to the Clyde W. Riley Adver- tising System for allotting space to the Museum in the programs of Chicago theatres, and to the Chicago Civic Opera Company for similar courtesy in its programs; to the many business firms, trade organizations and civic associations which have cooperated with the Museum in drawing the attention of the public to the Institu- tion; and to the newspapers of Chicago and the press of the country as a whole for the generous space given in their columns to publish- ing news of Museum activities. LECTURES AND ENTERTAINMENTS GENERAL LECTURES.—The Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Free Lecture Courses of Field Museum of Natural History were given in the James Simpson Theatre on Saturday afternoons during the spring and autumn months. These lectures were illustrated by motion pictures and stereopticon slides. The Museum takes this occasion to thank the scientists and explorers whose participation made these courses successful. Following are the programs of both courses: March 5—‘Java.”’ ‘Mr. H. C. Ostrander, Yonkers, New York. March 12—“‘The Mystery of Mount Everest.” Mr. N. E. Odell, F. G. S., London; member of the climbing party of the Royal Geographic Society’s Mount Everest Expedition of 1924. March 19—“‘Birds and Animals of Alaska.”’ Mr. William L. Finley, Director of Wild Life Conser- vation, State of Oregon. March 26—‘‘Wild Life of the Pacific Northwest.” Mr. C. J. Albrecht, Field Museum. 198 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII April 2—“‘Prehistoric Animal Life,” including sketches for the mural decorations of the Ernest R. Graham Hall of Paleon- tology. Mr. Charles R. Knight, New York. April 9—“‘Birds of the Chicago Area.” Dr. Lucius C. Pardee, Chicago. April 16—“‘Life Beyond the Arctic Circle.” Commander Donald B. MacMillan, Leader of the Rawson- MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of Field Museum, 1926. April 283—“‘Native Races of Africa.” Mr. W. D. Hambly, Member of the Wellcome Expedition to the Sudan; Assistant Curator of African Ethnology, Field Museum. April 30—“‘The Hunting Tribes of North America.” Dr. William D. Strong, Assistant Curator of North American Ethnology and Archaeology, Field Museum. October 1—“The First People of America.”’ Professor Arthur Sterry Coggeshall, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. October 8—“‘Burma.”’ Mr. Barnum Brown, American Museum of Natural History, New York. October 15—"‘The Archaeological Investigations of the ebikse Institution of Washington at Chichen Itza, Yucatan and Uaxactun, Guatemala, in 1927.” ; Dr. Sylvanus G. Morley, Carnegie ain Washing- ton... October 22—“‘Natural Wonders of American Deserts.” Mr. Frederick Monsen, Pasadena, California. October 29—“‘A Day in Babylonia.” Professor A. T. Olmstead, University of Illinois. November 5— ‘“‘The Depths of the Sea.”’ Dr. Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator, New York Zoological Park. November 12—“The Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition of 1926." George K. Cherrie, Leader of the Expedition. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 199 November 19—‘“Explorations at the North Pole of the Winds.” Professor William H. Hobbs, Leader of the University of Michigan Greenland Expedition. November 26—“‘Sun Dance of the Blackfoot Indians.”’ Mr. Walter McClintock, Pittsburgh. December 3—‘‘The Wonders of Marine Life.” Dr. William Beebe, Director of Tropical Research, New York Zoological Society. The total attendance at these nineteen lectures was 30,210, which is an increase of 7,397 over the attendance of last year. In addition to the regular spring and autumn courses, the follow- ing special lectures were delivered during the year: January 8—“The Hawaiian Islands.” Mr. F. P. Clatworthy. January 23—“‘Racing with Death in Antarctic Blizzards.”’ Sir Douglas Mawson. February 27—“To Lhasa in Disguise.” Dr. William M. McGovern. March 6—“Man-eaters of Tsavo and other Lion Adventures.”’ Colonel J. H. Patterson. May 7—‘‘The Dragon Lizards of Komodo.” Motion pictures taken by the Douglas Burden Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History, intro- troduced by Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, Assistant Curator of Reptiles and Amphibians, Field Museum. May 8—‘‘The Dragon Lizards of Komodo” (repeated). May 14—‘Racing with Death in Antarctic Blizzards.” Motion pictures taken by Sir Douglas Mawson. November 6—‘‘The Depths of the Sea.”’ Dr. Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator, New York Zoological Park. November 18—‘‘The Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition OF 192657 Mr. George K. Cherrie, Leader of the Expedition. November 20—“‘Abyssinia.”’ The Chicago Daily News Expedition of Field Museum. Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator of Zoology, Field Museum; Leader of the Expedition. 200 FrELD Museum oF NATURAL HIstToRY—Reports, Vou. VII December 4—“‘Beneath Tropic Seas.” Dr. William Beebe, Director of Tropical Research, New York Zoological Society. December 11—‘“‘Adventures, Archaeological and Otherwise in Arabia, Egypt, the Sudan, Sinai, Transjordania, Palestine and Syria.” Mr. Lowell Thomas, author and traveler. The total attendance at these special lectures was 14,553. CONCERTS.— During the late winter and spring, a series of cham- ber music concerts was given by the Gordon String Quartet in the James Simpson Theatre. These concerts were sponsored by the Eliza- beth Sprague Coolidge Foundation of the Library of Congress, and the Chicago Chamber Music Society. They were given on January 16, — February 20, March 20 and 27, April 3, 10, 17 and 24, and May 1, and the attendance totaled 6,090, being an increase of 1,685 over last years’ attendance. EDUCATIONAL MEETINGS An increasing number of groups of teachers and scientific societies have made use of the James Simpson Theatre and the Lecture Hall for educational meetings under auspices other than those of the Museum. Of particular interest in 1927 were the series of meetings of teachers addressed by Dr. Alfred Adler, eminent lecturer on child psychology. The annual meetings of the American Anthropological Association were held in the small lecture hall; and on several occa- sions special programs were arranged for Americanization classes from the public schools. In all, there were seventeen such groups, with an attendance of 5,748. RADIO TALKS During the year the following radio talks were given by members of the Museum staff from the Chicago Daily News Station, WMAQ: March 2—‘“‘Life of the Ocean.”’ Miss Margaret Cornell, Raymond Division. June 25—‘‘Abyssinia.” : Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator of Zoology. September 25—‘“‘Roman Home Life.” Miss Margaret Corneil, Raymond Division. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 201 On November 15 and five subsequent Tuesdays talks were given over the Chicago Tribune Station, WGN. These were broad- cast by Miss Cornell, who described the founding of the Museum, the acquisition and installation of specimens, the character of the collections, and the various educational activities of the Institution. LECTURE TOURS FOR ADULTS As in previous years, the services of Museum guide-lecturers were offered without charge to clubs, conventions and other organi- zations. These groups were conducted on lecture tours planned with regard to group interests. Other lecture tours, open to the general public, were given at 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays. During most of the year these lectures were on a weekly basis—each group of eight tours forming a unit which was repeated every week. Beginning the first of Decem- ber, it was decided to change this system by adding Thursdays to the days on which tours are conducted and arranging a new pro- gram each month. For adults 290 lecture tours were given during the year, the total attendance being 9,528. THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN’S LECTURES ENTERTAINMENTS FOR CHILDREN.—In the spring and autumn of 1927, courses of entertainments for children were offered in the James Simpson Theatre under the provisions of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Public School and Children’s Lecture Fund. Each entertainment was given twice. With the addition of entertainments given on holidays, these entertainments numbered 22, with an attendance of 42,676 children. The programs were as follows: SPRING COURSE March 5—‘‘Animals Large and Small of the Northwest.”’ Motion pictures and lecture. Mr. C. J. Albrecht, Field Museum. March 12—‘‘Cuba, Island of Sugar.” *‘Despoilers of the Jungle.” “The Jungle Sluggard.”’ “Capturing a Giant Anteater.”’ 202 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII March 19—‘“‘The World of Paper.”’ “Motherhood in Nature.” “Marauders of the High Seas.”’ **Zoo’s Zoo in America.”’ March 26—“‘Sugar Trails (Beet Sugar).” “The Story of Wool.” “Mysteries of Snow.” “Rare Specimens in the New York Zoo.” “Animal Life of the River.”’ April 2—‘‘The Rawson-MacMillan Expedition of 1926.’ Motion pictures and lecture, Commander Donald B. MacMillan, Leader of the Expedition. April 9—‘Anthracite Coal.’’ sl ege loa cts ly “Elkland.”’ “The Grand Canyon.” “Alligators.” April 16—‘“Bituminous Coal.” “Kindly Fruits of Earth.” “Birds of Passage.”’ April 238—‘Land of Cotton.” “Wild Life in Yellowstone Park.” “Monkeys.”’ “Familiar Birds.”’ April 30—*‘‘The Story of Steel.” *Field Museum makes grateful acknowledgment of the gift of these films by the United States Steel Corporation. AUTUMN COURSE October 1—‘‘Alaskan Adventures.” October 8—‘‘Manchuria.”’ “Our Dog Friends.”’ “The Silversmith.” “‘Peter the Raven.” October 15—‘‘Maizok of the South Seas.” October 22—“Sponge Fishing.” “Ancient Industries of Modern Days.” ““A Study of Birds.”’ ‘Beasts of Prey.” “Feathered Aviators.” (88 Il@H) eH weyriy “yy ysourgy YSU “yy sopteyHO Aq Suryured yeanpy GNVIVGZ MUN JO (su40md) SVOW ts ES ae aL eM SHR) :, A ‘sysodon Re eee ers MDE OPP EDGR OIE Ei = Ms oe RAOG SET) AD WONT TOANORNAT ISTE eh Sa mo JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 203 October 29—‘“‘The Gorilla Hunt.” November 5—‘“‘Adopting a Bear Cub.” “‘Tree-top Concert Singers.”’ “The Last of the Bison.”’ “Gathering of the Clan.” “The Zoo’s Who’s Who.” November 12—“‘The World’s Struggle for Oil.” November 19—‘‘Silvery Salmon.” “Home of the Birds.’’ ‘“‘Leaves from a Ranger’s Notebook”’. “Cameraing through Africa.” November 26—‘‘Adventures in the Far North.”’’ SPECIAL ENTERTAINMENTS February 12—‘‘Lincoln.”’ February 22—‘Washington.”’ May 7—‘‘The Dragon Lizards of Komodo.” May 14—“Racing with Death in Antarctic Blizzards.” LECTURE TOURS FOR CHILDREN.—Lecture tours for children were given without charge to groups from public and parochial schools and private institutions. In the case of the public schools, these lecture tours correlated with the school-room work of the children. In other instances, the collections to be visited were chosen by the leaders of the groups. There were 428 such classes, numbering 13,683 children, which received this service. EXTENSION LECTURES.—In previous years, extension lectures were offered only to elementary public schools of the city of Chicago. During 1927, these lectures were offered to junior high schools and high schools as well; and a number were given before parent-tea- chers’ associations. The same illustrative material in the form of lantern slides was used for each group of lectures; but varying treat- ment adapted it to the interests of children of different ages and to the parent-teachers’ organizations. The list of lectures was as follows: “North American Indians.”’ “What We Owe to South America.”’ ‘Coffee, Chocolate and Tea.” “Flax and Cotton.”’ 204 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII “African Animals.” “Glimpses of Chinese Life.”’ “The Story of Coal and Iron.” “Food Fish of the World.” “Roman Home Life.” “Silk and Wool.” “The Life of the Ancient Egyptians.” ““Native Life of the Philippine Islands.” ‘Activities of Field Museum.” “Birds of the Chicago Area.” ““Mammals of the Chicago Area.” “Fish of the Chicago Area.” “North American Mammals.” These lectures were given without charge in school classrooms and assembly halls. They numbered 556 with an attendance of 209,290. TOTALS.—In all, 1,006 lectures, tours and entertainments for children with an attendance of 265,649 were given under the pro- visions of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Public School and Children’s Lecture Fund in the year 1927. If these numbers are added to the number of adults attending Museum events throughout the year, it will be found that 331,778 persons received Museum instruction. PUBLICATIONS In the regular series of Field Museum Publications, five were issued during the past year, two of which were botanical, one anthro- pological, one zoological, and one the Annual Report of the Director. In addition to these, seven numbers were added to the general leaflet series, and one previously published leaflet (Geology, No. 6) was re- printed. Following is a list of these publications and leaflets: Pub. 241.—Anthropological Series, Vol. XVII, No. 1. A Correlation of Mayan and European Calendars. By J. Eric Thomp- son. January, 1927. 24 pages. Edition 1,540. Pub. 242.—Zoological Series, Vol. XIII, Part 5. Catalogue of Birds of the Americas. Initiated by Charles B. Cory. Con- tinued by Charles E. Hellmayr. April 11, 1927. 517 pages. Edition 1,509. Pub. 248.—Report Series, Vol. VII, No. 1. Annual Report of the Director for the Year 1926. January, 1927. 174 pp., 20 photogravures. Edition 4,490. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 205 Pub. 244.—Botanical Series, Vol. IV, No. 5. I. Various Spermato- phytes. By J. Francis Macbride. II. Mosses of Peru. By R. 8. Williams. May 31, 1927. 44 pp., 10 photo- gravures. Edition 1,000. Pub. 245.—Botanical Series, Vol. VI, No. 2. Citrus Products. Part 2. By James B. McNair. November, 1927. 189 pp., 13 halftones, 5 zine etchings. Edition 2,512. LEAFLETS Anthropology, No. 22. Insect Musicians and Cricket Champions of China. By Berthold Laufer. 28 pages, 12 photogravures, 1 cover design. Edition 3,150. Anthropology, No. 25. The Civilization of the Mayas. By J. Eric Thompson. 110 pages, 14 photogravures, 12 text-figures, 1 map, 1 cover design. Edition 1,991. Anthropology, No. 26. The Early History of Man. By Henry Field. 18 pages, 8 photogravures, 1 map, 1 cover design. Edition 2,999. Botany, No. 18. Sugar and Sugar-making. By James B. McNair. 34 pages, 8 halftones, 1 cover design. Edition 6,000. Geology, No. 6. (Reprint). The Moon. By O.C. Farrington. 12 pages, 2 photogravures. Edition 6,020. Geology, No. 8. Agate—Physical Properties and Origin. By O.C. Farrington. Archaeology and Folk-lore. By Berthold Laufer. 36 pages, 10 photogravures, 4 colored plates, 1 colored text- figure. Edition 2,856. Geology, No. 9. How Old are Fossils? By Sharat K. Roy. 12 pages, 4 photogravures. Edition 6,091. Zoology, No. 9. Pike, Pickerel and Muskalonge. By Alfred C. Weed. 52 pages, 8 colored plates, 4 text-figures, 1 cover design. Edition 6,050. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS General Guide. 32 pages. Edition 18,464. LIBRARY During the year the Library acquired by purchase, gift and ex- change 2,840 books and pamphlets, bringing the total number on the shelves to approximately 92,500. These additions greatly strength- ened the resources of the Library. Especially helpful are certain sets of periodicals which have long been desired for reference purposes in the various Departments of the Museum. Among these sets are: 206 FIELD Museum oF NATURAL HISTORY—REports, VOL. VII Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte in 135 volumes, 1835 to date. Gay’s Historia fisico y politico de Chile, 30 volumes, 1844-1871. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 18 volumes, 1914 to date. Zoologische Jahrbiicher, 126 volumes, 1886 to date. An opportunity to purchase a selected collection of books on — Africa and India was presented and taken advantage of. The African literature was further supplemented by other purchases required by members of the staff who have returned from expe- ditions, and need certain books for reference in preparing their collections for study and exhibition’ purposes. Through the courtesy of Dr. Thomas Barbour, Director of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, the Library has acquired all the early volumes of that institution’s Bulletins and Memoirs which were lacking from its files. Asa num- ber of these publications have been long out of print, the Museum is fortunate in obtaining them. The Museum of Comparative Zool- ogy presented also ten copper plates used in illustrating the pub- lication of Alexander Wilson’s American Ornithology in 1808-1844. These plates are in a fine state of preservation and have consider- able historical value. The Kommission for Ledelsen af de Geoclogiske og Geografiske Undersggelser i Grdnland presented almost a complete file to date of its Meddelser om Gr¢gniand, in all 62 volumes. These monographs will be particularly valuable to the members of the staff who are at present in Labrador on the Rawson-MacMillan expedition. Books are an important item in the equipment of the Museum’s various expeditions, and in addition to those taken from the Library, small collections are purchased when abroad for further assistance in the work. To the Edward E. Ayer Ornithological Library were added 167 volumes. Mr. Ayer continued his deep interest in and gener- ous donations to this Library until his death, and it is due to his fore- sight of years ago that the Library contains so many of the beautifully illustrated works of the early eminent ornithological writers that have been long out of print and rarely if ever appear on the market. Mr. Ayer frequently expressed the desire that this Library should have a foremost place among the libraries of its kind. How well he succeeded in accomplishing this is shown in the catalogue of this Library issued as one of the Museum’s publications. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 207 Notable among the rare works received during the year are: A complete set of Isis in 40 volumes covering the years 1817-1840, the only set of this work in the middle west. Buffon Oeuvres complétes. . Revue par M. Richard. 5 volumes. 1837-1808. Buller’s Supplement to the birds of New Zealand. 1905. Crespon. Ornithologie du Gard. 1840. Férussac. Bulletin des sciences et de l’industrie. 85 volumes. 1823-1831. Lefebvre. Voyage en Abyssinie. 4 volumes and atlas. 1845. Lesson. Complément des oeuvres de Buffon. 10 volumes. 1828-1837. Vieillot. Faune francaise. Oiseaux. 1820-1830. Wilson. Illustrations of zoclogy. 1831. Gadow and Selenka. Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs...Vogel. 8 volumes. 1891, 1893. Playfair and Gunther. Fishes of Zanzibar. 1866. From contemporary societies, institutions, governments and indi- viduals throughout the world the Library has received, as in pre- vious years, valuable literature either as gifts or in exchange for the publications of the Museum. The Library is again indebted to the Library of Congress and to the John Crerar Library especially for the loan of books needed by members of the staff in their research work. The number of individual issues of journals, magazines and serials received was 6,316. The number of cards written and inserted in the various catalogues was 7,550. From the John Crerar Library 10,104 cards have been received. The periodicals and serials prepared for binding numbered 598. The work for the Union list of serials was completed during the year. This list, a monumental work, will be invaiuable for biblio- graphical purposes. Early in the year all books and shelves in the general library were vacuum cleaned, and the pressing need of shelf room necessitated another readjustment of the books. Several hundred volumes were transferred temporarily to the anthropological library in order to provide room for the normal growth of other sets of periodicals and serials. 208 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII EXPEDITIONS ANTHROPOLOGY.—During the year there were five expeditions from the Department of Anthropology. The Field Museum-Oxford University Joint Expedition, financed by Captain Marshall Field and Mr. Herbert Weld, reached the fourth season of its operations, working from December 19,1926 to March20, ~ 1927. The excavations were placed in charge of Mr. L. C. Watelin, who was assisted by Mr. Eric Schroeder, scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Professor 8. Langdon of Oxford again assumed the general direction of the work. The principal efforts were bent on the huge complex of mounds in eastern Kish, known as Ingharra, where two sides of the temple tower of the Earth Goddess of Harsagkalama and the southwest side of Nebuchadnezzar’s and Nabonidus’ reconstruc- tion of the temple were exposed. The huge temple tower built in plano-convex bricks of the early Sumerian period was never again repaired. The temple to the northeast of the stage tower was rebuilt several times, the last builder being Nabonidus, last king of the Babylonian empire and father of Belshazzar, who ruled in the sixth century B.C. and then restored the ancient Sumerian temple in the prevailing Babylonian style of architecture. Portions of it are in an excellent state of preservation with walls standing 20 to 25 feet high. The edifice now completely exposed was approxi- mately 100 feet square, its outer walls being decorated with the T-shaped false pillar decoration characteristic of Babylonian architecture. Another feature typical of this school of builders is found in the huge buttresses flanking the six great gates of the temple. There is a spacious central shrine approached from a gate and two ante-chambers; this central shrine communicates with two chapels on the left and right. So far as present information concerning the dis- position of a Babylonian temple permits of conclusions, this structure is undoubtedly one of the clearest and best preserved examples. The great open court is on the northeast side, and the entrance to the inner chapel is from the southwest side of this court. Here were found small deposits of cuneiform tablets, but the brick boxes in which Nabonidus had placed his foundation deposits at the various entrance gates had unfortunately been rifled by the armies of late invaders, although some objects of value were still found in them. Twenty-seven chambers flanking the court and central chapel have been cleared after immense labor. The excavators then descended 25 feet below the temple of Nabonidus before they reached the ancient Sumerian construction built of plano-convex brick, JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 209 where early Sumerian sculptures and painted pottery were found. An illustrated report of the season’s work by S. Langdon was pub- lished in Art and Archaeology, October, 1927. The first year’s work of the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Madagascar under the leadership of Assistant Curator Ralph Linton was summarized in the Director’s Report for 1926. The activity of the expedition was continued and completed during 1927. Dr. Linton left Majunga on the west coast of the island in September, 1926, and proceeded up the Betsiboka River to Mahabo, a sacred town of the Sakalava, where he took part in the annual purification of the royal tombs, being the first white man to witness this ceremony. He then ecntinued up the river to Madiravalo, where he turned inland, arriving at Kandreo after two weeks of travel through sparsely inhabited country. He remained in this region collecting, and studying the Sakalava, until the latter part of October, and then proceeded to Maevatanana, the end of the projected automobile road across the island. From there he returned to Tananarive where he remained a month packing collections. He then travelled to Tamatave by train and embarked on the east-coast steamer “‘Imerina’’ December 1, land- ing at Farafangana, on the southeast coast, on December 10. Here- mained there until December 30, studying and collecting among the Antaifasina tribe, then went by land to Fort Dauphin, arriving January 21. He left the latter place February 1 and went west to Tsiombe, arriving February 10. There he left the regular route and made a detour through the practically unexplored southwestern corner of the island, finally turning northward and arriving at Tulear February 28. He remained in Tulear until March 28, studying the Vezo, a fishing tribe, then traveled eastward, arriving at Betroka, at the southern end of the interior plateau in the heart of the territory of the Bara tribe, April 2. He remained there, studying and col- lecting, until April 21, then went to Iakora, also in Bara territory, remaining there until May 5. From Iakora he went to Ambalavao, passing by way of Ivohibe, a distance of 350 miles. Headquarters were established at Ambalavao, and an intensive study was made of the southern Betsileo tribe. Dr. Linton remained there until July 16, then went to Mananjary on the east coast, where he arranged for shipments of collections. From Mananjary he went to Ambohi- manga in the territory of the Tanala tribe, where he remained until! August 20. From there he proceeded to Ambositra, packed and shipped collections, and returned to Tananarive by train and auto- mobile. In Tananarive the work of the expedition was wound up, 210 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII and he descended to Tamatave, sailing from there to Mauritius September 12. In Mauritius he made a study of early records, then sailed on an American freight boat to Beira in Portuguese East Africa. From Beira he went to Salisbury in Rhodesia, from there to Sinoia, from Sinoia to Gwelo, and from Gwelo to Fort Victoria, whence he visited by automobile the famous ruins at Great Zim- babwe. Returning to Fort Victoria, he went to Bulawayo, thence to Kimberley, then to Johannesburg, and finally to Capetown. Through- out this African territory museums were visited, exchanges arranged, and ethnologists interviewed. He sailed from Capetown October 7 on S. S. “Saxon,” arriving at Southampton October 25. Heleft Eng- land November 16, and arrived in Chicago December 25. By the end of the first year’s work it had become evident that Madagascar was divided into three culture areas, and during the past year the method was adopted of studying one or two tribes in each area inten- sively instead of devoting an equal amount of time to all tribes. Full investigations were carried on among the Antaifasina and Antaisaka in the southeast coast area, among the Vezo and Bara of the west coast area, and among the southern Betsileo and Tanala of the Pla- teau Area. The culture of the southeast coast area proved to be archaic. The natives of this region have, until recent times, been ignorant of the arts of weaving and pottery-making, dressing in mats or beaten bark and cooking in bamboo joints. Each tribe has a sacred river into which the umbilical cords of all members of the tribe are thrown and beside which the tribal tomb is built. All members of the tribe are buried in a single tomb, a deep trench sur- rounded by a stockade and usually covered by a house. Men are placed in the north end of the trench; women and children in the south end. Whenever a case of death occurs, all the bodies are lifted out, and the new corpse placed at the bottom. There is a special official, called the Lahy Kibory (‘‘Chief of the Tomb’’), who cares for the tomb and also punishes infractions of taboos. The Antaisaka tribe still erects memorial pillars of rough stone identical with the menhirs of prehistoric Europe. One of these, having nearly the same dimensions as the largest monolith at Stonehenge in England, was erected within three months of Dr. Linton’s visit, and important information on primitive engineering methods was obtained. In addition to the single stones there are whole groves of menhirs in that region. Over 60 were counted in a single group set up so close together that it was difficult for a man to walk between them. The Vezo and Bara appear to owe their origin to the last large-scale azis [BINnjeUu 44Us07Y4SI3-900 Jnog VY UIMIOD “YW seVyO Aq punolsyoe g *qd0IQ |TV “£ °O Aq AUJopIxey, (9T 18H) Sdnoin JezqQey [emuey Uvoouy jo [eH UAqaqd AINW AO dNoUod AIOASIFT TINYSN JO vunssnyy plelg AXX 42ld ‘ITA ‘TOA ‘Syodey JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 211 invasion of the island. They are much taller, darker, and more Ne- groid in physical type than the natives of the east coast or plateau areas. The Vezo are a sea people employing the outrigger canoe and double canoe, and making long voyages up and down the west coast. They live almost exclusively by fishing, exchanging their surplus fish with the Masakora and Mikea tribes of the interior for cattle, vege- table foods, and game. The three tribes recognized the same king, but considered themselves distinct, each tribe having its definite field of activity. While the Vezo fish, the Mikea live in the forest, sub- sisting entirely on wild roots and game; and the Masakora, in the open country, where they practise agriculture and engage in cattle- raising. None of the groups cultivate rice, although this is the principal food in the other two areas. Their religion is highly organ- ized with hereditary sacrificial priests who have special insignia of office. The sacrificial priests and the medicine-men are sharply differ- entiated, and no individual may hold both offices. The medicine-men practise astrology, and have an unusually elaborate form of divina- tion, full details of which were obtained. The Bara, who live in the southern interior of the island, are a cattle people of African type. They are semi-nomadic, shifting their villages at the slightest excuse. They live largely on sour milk and rarely cultivate rice. They are expert metal workers, and are the only group in the island who know how to cast brass and silver figures by the lost wax process. They are also excellent wood-carvers, and know how to weave and make pot- tery. They are the most warlike tribe in Madagascar, having retained their independence until very recent times. They have hereditary ceremonial priests, like the Vezo, and had a highly centralized government with kings of the African type, to whom they paid exaggerated respect. They declared that when they first entered their present territory they found there a race of small brown people whom they called the Kimoso. These had straight or wavy hair, and the men were heavily bearded. They dressed in bark cloth and fought with wooden spears, clubs, and slings. They lived in fortified villages, the names of some of which are remembered, and pursued agriculture and cattle-raising, being inferior to the Bara only in metal-working. After several generations of warfare they were exterminated or driven northward, but they were never enslaved, because of their fierce and intractable character. Flacourt, who was at Fort Dauphin in the beginning of the seventeenth century, heard stories of these people which agree in important details with those told Dr. Linton by the living Bara, and it seems certain that such a group actually 212 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REpoRTS, VOL. VII existed. Special attention was devoted to the southern Betsileo because they are at the present time the least influenced tribe of plateau culture. They lived in long established towns fortified with elaborate systems of ditches and walls, subsisted mainly on rice which they raised in irrigated terraces, and were well advanced in all the arts, although inferior to the Bara in metal-working. They are still the best weavers in Madagascar, and very valuable data were ob- tained on their methods of preparing native wild silk. The tribe is divided into four castes—royalty, nobles, commoners, and slaves. Souls of commoners and slaves are supposed to go to Mount Ambondrombe, areal locality, and live as on earth; those of nobles to enter crocodiles, and those of royalty either to go to the region above the sky, where the gods live, or enter snakes. Many individuals promise to answer prayers made to them after death, and have shrines, usually in the form of cairns or stone tables, where sacrifices are made. Menhirs are erected for both men and women of impor- tance. The dead are buried in family tombs, vaults dug in the hard voleanic soil at the bottom of shafts which are sometimes as much as 60 feet deep. The Betsileo have stories of an aboriginal tribe, the Vazimba, but describe these as a black Negroid people of low culture. The Tanala are one of the least known tribes in Madagascar. They occupy a mountainous region of heavy jungle and almost constant rain, and are really a composite group made up of defeated clans forced out of more desirable territory. They have retained many old cultural features which throw a flood of light on ancient conditions elsewhere. They are the only tribe on the island who remember the manufacture of stone implements, and have many traditions of an original population of black dwarfs who lived in caves, had no weapons except wooden spears and no cutting implements except flakes of quartz, and who made fire with the fire saw, although all the modern Malagasy use the fire drill. One of the Tanala clans claims descent from these aborigines, and one still finds occasional indivi- duals of Negrito type among them. Another division of the tribes known as the Red Clan, is very light in color, with reddish brown hair and almost European features. Marriage is usually within the clan, that between the children of a brother and sister being most favored. Until recent times descent appears to have been traced in the female line, and women have a higher position than in any other Malagasy tribe, acting as medicine-men and even as sacrificial priests. In ancient times there were no caste distinctions. The principal Tanala weapon was the blowgun with poisoned darts. The infor- JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 213 mation obtained by the expedition makes it possible to outline the history of Madagascar as follows: The earliest inhabitants appear to have been black pigmies related to those of the Andaman Islands, Philippines, and neighboring islands, rather than to those of Africa. Following these, but prior to the beginning of our era, there was an invasion of brown people from the Indonesian region, who had reached about the same stage of culture as the historic Poly- nesians and were closely related to them. Still later peoples of mixed Negro race came to the west coast from Africa, and gradually forced their way inland, driving the brown people before them. There may also have been a later migration from the neighborhood of Java and Sumatra, and Arab colonies were founded on the east coast between the eighth and eleventh centuries of our era. The existence of an ancient settlement of Asiatics within 230 miles of the African coast has not been suspected before, and will make it necessary to revise most of the accepted theories of African culture origins. A race that could make the 3,000-mile voyage from Indonesia to Mada- gascar could have crossed the Mozambique Channel at will. It seems probable that there were Asiatic settlements on the mainland itself. Perhaps these were destroyed by the comparatively recent southward migration of the Bantu-speaking tribes of Africa. From Salisbury in Rhodesia, Dr. Linton made a side trip of about 350 miles into Mashonaland to acquire some first-hand knowledge of African native life and to determine whether the native culture shows any affinity with that of Madagascar. In regard to the ruins of Great _ Zimbabwe it has been suggested that they are the work of semi- civilized gold-mining people who used Madagascar as a base of operations. The ruins, however, show no close relationship with any Madagascar structures. ‘Assistant Curator William D. Strong, anthropologist on the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition, sailed on the schooner Radio from Wiscasset, Maine, on June 25. In the latter part of July the party camped at a site about twenty miles northwest of Nain, Labrador. Dr. Strong found three cairn burials at Hopedale and examined the so-called Norse ruins on Sculpin Island, determining that they are of Eskimo and rather recent origin. It has been asserted that the Eskimos of Labrador did not inter their dead in cairns, and it has been argued that all stone ruins found there must be ascribed to the Norsemen. This opinion is now disproved, as Dr. Strong dis- covered three stone burials containing Eskimo skeletons accompanied by good Eskimoan implements and old European trade goods. The 214 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTs, VOL. VII contents of these graves have been secured for the Museum. In August a three weeks’ reconnaissance tour of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Land, was undertaken, and a camp of Eskimos living in quite primi- tive style was encountered. Only a few old people and children lived there, as the men were in the interior on their annual caribou hunt. They were still found in possession of their native fur clothing, seal- skin tents, and kayaks. At Brewster’s Point on the north shore of Frobisher Bay the first good ruins were discovered and marked for ex- cavation for the following year; they are apparently of the old Tunit type encountered by Rasmussen on the west coast of Hudson Bay. From Brewster’s Point the expedition proceeded into the Countess of Warwick Sound, where in 1756-78 Sir Martin Frobisher carried on his ill-fated mining ventures. The ruins of his house and the pits for mining which he had dug are still visible, being located on Kodlunarn Island, a bleak, barren spot, for the early explorers feared the Eski- mos. Digging in these ruins, Dr. Strong brought to light fragments of brick, plaster, coal, and porcelain—incontrovertible proof of their European origin. In 1861 Charles Francis Hall first located the exact site of Frobisher’s camp and mapped and described it; since that time the ruins have not been visited by any exploring party. In a radio communication of November 138, Dr. Strong re- ported that he had secured interesting archaeological material sug- gestive of an old Indian-like culture on the coast, a problem which will be studied more closely next summer. Some collections were ob- tained on canoe trips 100 miles up Hunt’s River. During the winter it is planned to study the nomadic Naskapi who live largely on caribou herds in the interior of Labrador. These people are almost unknown to science, and it is important that they be fully studied, as they still observe their old customs. They represent more nearly than any other group the old undifferentiated Algonkin culture, since they were forced into their northern habitat at a very early time when the Iroquoian tribes pushed up from the south and replaced the older Algonkian peoples. During the autumn of this year Assistant Curator J. Eric Thomp- son was engaged in locating archaeological sites for future excavations and making an ethnological study of the Maya Indians of southern British Honduras, Central America. The primary object of this research was the study of the old religious and magical beliefs that might throw light on Maya archaeological problems. Despite several centuries of nominal conversion to Christianity practically all the Maya stock retains much of its old religion. The Mayas of southern JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR : 215 British Honduras comprise two linguistic families. The smaller group are Maya-speaking Mopans or Itzas, the larger group are Kekchi-speaking Chols, immigrants from the Cajabow area of Guate- mala. An attempt was made to concentrate on the Maya-speaking Indians of San Antonio, but it was necessary to extend the work to embrace the Kekchi-Chols, as the latter had profoundly influenced the former. Special attention was paid to the beliefs and practices associated with agriculture, and the numerous prayers, ceremonies, and inhibitions in connection with each stage of the agricultural routine were obtained. Of peculiar interest is the discovery of a belief in a corn spirit residing in the crop, who takes refuge in the last section of the maize to be harvested. This spirit passes into the seed to be sown the following year, and without it the Mayas believe the crop would be a failure. A great deal of the culture of these Indians appears to have remained almost untouched since the arrival of the Spaniards. In recent years, however, this barrier of conservatism is breaking down before the pent-up flood of European culture, and there is no time to lose to recover this priceless material before the Mayas are reduced to a drab colorless “civilized”’ uniformity. It is proposed to continue this work during the coming season, also to prepare a publication on the subject. Acting on information obtained from mahogany cutters, Mr. Thompson revisited the site of Pusilha at the junction of the Joventud and Pusilha or Machaca Rivers in the southwestern part of British Honduras, close to the Guatemalan boundary. There he found seven dated stelae and a dated lintel. All the stelae were broken and had fallen down. Unfortunately some of the pieces were too heavy to be turned; however, the following dates were recovered: A.D. Stele 1 9-12-0-0-0 10Ahan 8 Yaxkin September1 412 Stele 2 9-3-0-0-0 2Ahan 8 Muan? April 3 235 Stele 3 9-14-0-0-0 6 Ahan 13 Muan? February 3 452 Lintel 1 9-7-0-0-0 7 Ahan 3 Kankin February 8 314 All are contemporaneous dates except stele 2, which was prob- ably erected at least 150 years later. The readings of stelae 2 and 3 are doubtful. It is hoped to recover the remaining dates in January, 1928, when Assistant Curator Thompson will take the field to carry out archaeological and ethnological investigations in British Honduras under the Captain Marshall Field endowment fund. Excavations will be carried on over a period of four months at Corozal in northern Honduras and other sites. Knowledge of the 216 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII culture and especially the pottery of the Mayas of the Old Empire is still weak, and it will be the purpose of the expedition to obtain more information on these subjects. The Mayas are but scantily repre- sented in the Museum, and an endeavor will be made to remedy this deficiency. At the conclusion of the excavations ethnological work will be resumed among the Mayas of southern British Honduras and the adjacent area of Guatemala, and, if possible, a preliminary investi- gation will be made of the culture of the Ixil Mayas of Guatemala. No study of this people has ever been attempted. They are extremely hostile to the white man. There is reason to believe they may retain many traces of their old organization and customs. Assistant Curator Henry Field left for Europe in the beginning of August to study sites in the prehistoric caves of France and Spain and to collect material and data for groups and exhibits to be placed in the proposed Hall of Prehistoric Man. In the pursuit of his task he was assisted by Professor Breuil, Dr. Obermaier, two artists, and a photographer. He secured extensive collections of paleolithic flints and numerous casts, photographs, sketches, and oil paintings which will furnish the accessories for the cases of the hall in question. In November he left Europe for Jerusalem, and while on his way to Baghdad, made a collection of 12,000 paleolithic and neolithic imple- ments, including a fine and interesting series of worked examples in flint. He reports that he discovered 25 new prehistoric sites in the North Arabian Desert. He reached Baghdad on November 28 after a journey of some 1,750 miles through the desert, and will join the staff of excavators at Kish during the coming season to assist especially in the work of photography and taking care of skeletal material. The Department also benefited from other museum expeditions, notably from the Borden-Field Museum Alaska-Arctic Expedition conducted by Mr. John Borden, who presented an excellent collection of Eskimo material described under the heading Accessions, and from the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition during which Mr. H. W. Nichols, Associate Curator of Geology, had occasion to exa- mine the ruins of two deserted Inca towns, Lasana and Pucara, and of two Inca burial-places in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, from which a series of interesting objects was secured. BoTAaNy.—The exploration work for the year consisted in the con- tinuation of the Captain Marshall Field Botanical Expedition in the Peruvian Andes by the well-known botanist, Dr. A. Weberbauer. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OUT He encountered a favorable season, and in February and March collected in the departments of Tumbez and Piura 109 numbers, totaling 587 specimens. This collection has not yet been studied, but will undoubtedly add many species to the Peruvian collections that were hitherto unrepresented and in many cases will prove either to be new or known previously only from Ecuador. Especially it will aid in a better understanding of the distribution of the species of the more northern Andes. Although a purchase, mention may be made here of a collection of 700 specimens by Mr. Carlos Schunke from the vicinity of La Merced, Peru. This material is considered further in this Report under Accessions. The Department shared ina number of Museum Expeditions: the Borden-Field Museum Alaska-Arctic Expedition, 1927, yielded 106 specimens, prepared by Miss Frances Ames; the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition, 1926, brought back 14 items of inter- est, secured by Messrs. H. W. Nichols and H. Eggers; the Rawson- MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of Field Museum in 1926 turned in 446 specimens of Labrador plants by Messrs. C. 8. Sewall and A. C. Weed and in 1927, 286 sheets by Mr. Sewall; the Captain Marshall Field South American Expedition (Geology) 1925-1927, incidentally contributed 29 interesting Argentinian plants collected by Mr. Elmer 8S. Riggs; the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Madagascar, 1925-1927, furnished, through Dr. Ralph Linton, a re- presentation of the palm that supplies rafia. Grateful acknow- ledgment is made to these scientists in geology, anthropology, and zoology for bringing back some representations of the flora of faraway lands. During the summer 200 herbarium specimens were collected in Illinois and Indiana by the Assistant Curator of Taxonomy. These are for exchange and for the herbarium, as there are still a number of locally occurring species inadequately represented in the study collections. The Acting Curator, accompanied by Mr. Sella, spent a few days in the mountains near Laramie, Wyoming, at a locality suggested by Professor Aven Nelson of the University of Wyoming as a favorable collecting ground for alpine plants. The trip was made in connection with the plan for an ecological group to show the typical Rocky Mountain vegetation above the snow line. A collection was made of the relatively few plants which were to be had at the end of the season. 218 FIELD MusSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII GEOLOGY.—Early in September, the Curator and Associate Cura- tor of Geology went by motor to Smithfield, Illinois, and examined a mass of drift copper of unusual size which had been found during some ditching operations at that place. The place of discovery of the mass was visited, and the geological nature of the formation in which it was found carefully investigated. The mass of copper itself was measured and photographed, and negotiations were entered into which may result in its ultimate acquisition by the Museum. Later in the season the Curator visited several pegmatite quarries in Maine, where an unusually active season had afforded exceptional opportunities for collecting representative mineral specimens. A large crystal of beryl, weighing about 100 pounds, was collected; also large crystals of orthoclase and spodumene, tourmalines of unusual colors, quartz of a quality for fusing, columbite, and several other rare minerals. The Second Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Argentina and Bolivia, in charge of Associate Curator Riggs, assisted by Mr. Robert C. Thorne as collector and by Dr. Rudolf Stahlecker as stratigrapher and collector, continued field work during the greater part of the year. Having finished collecting in the Pliocene formations of the Province of Catamarca, Argentina, the party, at the end of December, 1926, proceeded to Tucuman and thence to Buenos Aires. The task which occupied the expedition during 1927 was to make collections of the great extinct mammals which are known from the Pleistocene formations in South America. The fossil remains of these animals have been found in old river channels, in valley deposits, and beneath the surface in great plains areas. Such formations are dis- tributed through many parts of South America. It therefore remained for the expedition to select those localities in which the action of rains and streams were laying bare the strata in which the fossils are known to occur, in such a way as to make possible discovery of the fossils. The first locality chosen as a collecting ground was the Pampean formations of central Argentina. The sands and the clays of these formations are found in the great plains areas in strata 30 to 40 feet in thickness lying just below the heavy black soil. In this fertile belt, covered with abundant vegetation, the fossil remains which the expedition was seeking, lie buried. The only places where the collector could see what lay below the surface were in the banks of streams and in the low cliffs facing the sea. Most of the streams of QZIS [YNJO’ Y}XIS-oug AUYUOLSIH IWYOLVN JO WOASOW AION JO NOISNHLXY TIOOHOS OITEANd SIUUVH “M 'N GHL AG OOVOINO AO STIOOHOS GWHL OL GCHANVOT BSVO AO AdAL Snes Z92-2 ON seodnd Asouyws 405 29,4 3nefs Hwee w Aq paonpas Kpeaid sum spuiq gsoy} jo s8quinu oy) 2 igh 28g 2 “tal Bs f Hi HP . i Site na i ab SIMS Pou euon eid} TINS S.ALYVdVNOG Fe SSI FO OY PPL PP PEST OOS PO LUN UL A PY , aha RR IRR ue et RAGE. Oh aR Ea ls IAXX °3%Id ‘ILA “1OA ‘swodoy A1O4SIFT [BINZEN JO VunasnyT PlPlT JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 219 this region, excepting the great rivers at the north, were found to flow through marshy lands, where the banks were concealed by the growth of grass. Along the southern coast it was observed that some of the streams fall over ledges of stone in a series of cataracts and so have carved out narrow channels of considerable depth. The walls of these channels exposed the fossil-bearing layers and so offered favor- able collecting grounds. A similar condition was found in the sea- cliffs, where the waves were continually wearing away the harder rock-ledges which are there laid bare. At the beginning of the year Collectors Thorne and Stahlecker, provided with light working equipment, proceeded to the Port of Ne- cochea to begin collecting at the coast. The leader of the party was occupied, meanwhile, in Buenos Aires with securing the necessary permit to export the collections which had arrived from Catamarea. Another task was to secure renewal of the annual permit to make collections in Argentina. These matters, deferred by tedious delays, occupied some weeks. Late in January the leader, with camp man, proceeded by railway to Bahia Blanca to bring to the new base of operations the motor cars and additional camp equipment which had been stored there since the movement northward of the First Expe- dition in June of 1924. This equipment was then conveyed by motor to Necochea, where a working camp was established. Collecting was by this time well begun. Operations carried on from the Port of Necochea and from the neighboring village of Quequen, consisted in search along the low sea cliffs and in the ledges exposed on the beach at low tide. These collecting grounds were most readily reached by walking over the beach sands. A belt of sand dunes extending some miles inland and backed by a zone of marshes and lagoons, made approach to the shore with vehicles possible in a few places only. Search was extended day by day along the coast eastward and westward from the camp, and from such points as it was possible to approach with a light car. Six weeks were spent in this locality. The more important specimens secured were: a skeleton of the ground sloth, Glossotherium, a heavy- bodied animal comparable in size to the modern hippopotamus; some skulls and other parts of ground sloths related to the above, and specimens of rodents and other smaller animals. Reconnaissance was then made some 50 miles westward along the coast, and a camp temporarily established there. After a few days the party moved to the Quequen River some twenty miles inland. Step by step the formations exposed in the river banks and in the 220 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII lesser tributaries, were gone over. From time to time the camp was moved farther upstream so as to keep pace with the work of search and excavation. Many times each day the collectors waded or swam the stream as they proceeded from point to point. As specimens were secured, they were packed and shipped in lots to a warehouse in Buenos Aires. The Quequen River and several of its tributaries were thus followed to a point some 60 miles from the sea, where low and swampy banks rendered further collecting in that direction im- practical. Specimens secured from the Quequen River consisted of one articulated skeleton of the ground sloth Scelidodon, an animal somewhat smaller than the Glossotherium found at the coast. One of these specimens was almost complete, with head and legs in natural position. Other specimens collected, were a skull and various other parts of the great saber-tooth tiger Smilodon, parts of a skeleton of the southern Mastodon, and other smaller specimens of scientific value. | Late in March the leader, in company with Dr. Stahlecker, visited the classic collecting ground at Miramar and examined the formations there. This locality, which has been reported as yielding artifacts of human make associated with bones of extinct mammals, was examined and a few specimens collected. The control of this locality by local museums, as well as the appearance of continued rains, made any considerable collecting at that time impractical. The two sections of the party then met at Estancia Moro, east of Quequen, for a final survey of the coastwise exposures. Finding that the fossils there were poorly preserved, the party moved westward to the city of Tres Arroyas and to the Quequen Salada River. The latter proved to be the most profitable collecting ground which this expedition encountered in the Province of Buenos Aires. In its lower course this stream plunges over a series of falls, and below them has cut a deep and narrow channel through the most fertile wheat-lands of Argentina. In the banks of this river-channel, which are swept clean every year by high waters, there was found a splendid specimen of the greatest of the ground sloths, Megathertum ameri- canum. The skull, neck, torso, and many of the leg and foot bones were all preserved. This specimen, with additions, will enable the Museum to assemble a mounted skeleton of this animal. Of special interest was the discovery, in association with the re- mains of the great sloth, of a half skeleton of the great saber-tooth tiger, Smilodon. These two specimens were discovered by Dr. Stah- lecker in the face of a vertical bank of the river some 25 feet below the surface of the ground. High waters of previous years had JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR DON undermined this bank, resulting in a small landslip, which revealed the bones of the animals. The specimens were secured by making a considerable lateral excavation, or “‘drift,’’ and by removing them in large sections. Other specimens secured from this locality include a skull of the lesser ground-sloth, Glossotherium, parts of the armament of the great glyptodont, Panochthus, an entire skeleton of a viscaccia-like rodent, and various specimens of fossil horses and llamas. The historic local- - ity of Monte Hermosa, made famous by the early researches of Darwin, was visited. A few skulls and jaws were secured there, but little collecting could be done on account of the banks of sea-sand which covered the principal fossil-bearing reef, and which are said to be removed only by the late storms of winter. With the close of the southern summer and the approach of un- settled weather, the party moved northward into Bolivia. Dr. Stah- lecker’s services being no longer available, Sefior Jose Strucco was employed as a second collector. The scene of the First Expedition’s labors in the Valley of Tarija was visited. The party was cordially received by old friends, but unsettled conditions and threatening hostilities placed restraint upon immediate operations. While await- ing official sanction, some collecting was done in the vicinity of the City of Tarija. The objective of the expedition in Bolivia was to make collections from the formations of the earlier Pleistocene age which would serve to connect, in historical sequence, the Pliocene fauna of Catamarca with the later Pleistocene fauna of central Argentina. The earlier Pleisto- cene deposits were therefore sought out in the smaller isolated valleys of the Department of Tarija. While the larger valley has been known for the occurrence of fossil mammals, which the natives have designated as the “‘bones of giants’ since the coming of the early Jesuit priests to that section, its isolation from the greater avenues of travel, and the difficulty of transporting heavy objects across moun- tain valleys and over ridges 12,000 feet in elevation has proved an effective barrier against the removal of extensive collections. How- ever, Argentinian, Norwegian, and French collectors have made known to the outside world the scientific treasures of this locality. More recently a national highway has admitted travel by motor car and has made possible the transportation to railway of objects too heavy for pack-mules to carry. A camp of the Museum expedition was, in due course, established near the village of Patcaya, in a valley where little fossil collect- 222 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII ing had been carried on. The formation there proved to be relatively rich in remains of ground sloths and in those of fossil horses. An almost entire articulated skeleton of Megatherium, of a smaller species than that found in Argentina, rewarded careful search by Mr. Thorne. An old river channel deposit proved sufficiently rich in fossils to make excavation profitable. Such work was carried on under personal supervision of the leader, and at the expense of re- moving sixteen feet of overlying clays. Bones sufficient to insure mounting a skeleton of the great sloth, Lestodon, were there secured. Another locality yielded to the patient search of Sefior Strucco three incomplete skeletons of Glossotherium. A large section of the dermal armor of this animal, embedded in matrix, with parts of the skeleton, was also secured. Other specimens obtained were: skull and leg of the immigrant horse, Equus; parts of the large-headed and short- legged pseudo-horse, Hippidion; specimens of the camel-like but — three-toed and trunk-bearing Macrauchenia, and specimens of var- ious members of the Llama family. The problem of transporting from this isolated valley a collection of 5,000 pounds weight proved a difficult one. Ordinarily speci- mens secured were carried to camp on the shoulders of the col- lectors or their peon-helpers, at the end of the day’s work. The plaster of paris required for wrapping the specimens was baked in a native clay oven. It was made from crystals of gypsum which had been gathered by peons from the hillside. This material was ground to fineness by hand on a flat stone and sifted through a piece of wire screen. Lumber for making packing cases was brought some 80 miles from the valley of Bermejo on the backs of burros. At the camp, or at a native carpenter shop, this timber was further sawed by hand into shapes suitable for the purpose. When packing- cases had thus been prepared, and the specimens packed in them, they were borne either on the backs of burros to Tarija or, if too large for the strength of the animals, they were lashed to poles and borne by native men to a roadway which was passable for auto- mobile transport. More or less injury to specimens was inevitable by these methods. In October the party returned by way of LaPaz, Lake Titicaca, and Mollendo, to Chicago. Most of the collections have now been received at the Museum, and from time to time will be placed on exhibition. Altogether, 118 specimens of fossil mammals were col- lected by the Expedition during the year, and 245 negatives illus- trating various phases of the work in Argentina and Bolivia were JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 223 made. In addition, small collections of modern reptiles, skins of modern mammals, and plants found in the regions visited, were obtained for the use of other departments of the Museum. Assistant Curator Roy accompanied the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of the year, as geologist. His efforts were chiefiy devoted to the study and collection of the invertebrate fossils of the regions visited. Typical rock specimens were also collected and many general observations made. Some of the localities from which representative specimens were obtained in Labrador, were Battle Harbor, Hopedale, Nain and adjacent islands. The only fossils found in Labrador were a few drift fossils that had been carried down by ice from the Hudson Strait region and Baffin Land. With the exception of one area north of the Straits of Belle Isle, no sedimentary deposit was seen on the entire coast of Labrador. The single area referred to has been fully described by members of the Canadian Geological Survey. Special attention was devoted to the exploration of such portions of Baffin Land as could be visited, chiefly those about Fro- bisher Bay. As a result of this work, Mr. Roy was able to prepare a more accurate map of the bay and surrounding areas than had previously been made, and to determine many of the important features of the region. He reached Frobisher Bay on the evening of August 9. This bay, which is situated on the southeast side of Baffin Land, has an entrance 55 miles wide, bounded’ by Resolution Island on the southwest and Lok’s Island on the northeast. The bay extends in a general northwesterly direction for about 150 miles. The upper part of the bay has many rocky capes, numerous islands and shoals, and is divided into two arms. A group of larger islands, con- taining Chase and Gabriel Islands, occupies the middle of the bay. The southeast coast of the bay (Kingsite side) was found to be com- posed of high, rugged, barren, igneous hills indented by numerous fiords and partially covered by Grinnell Glacier, which discharges by way of several tongues into the bay. The general dip of the beds was found to be S.70° E. and N. 10° W. The coast has all the marks com- mon in a glaciated region, such as lakes, cirques, hanging valleys and deep fiords. In the valleys between the hills, lakes formed by the draining of streams by moraines, eskers and kames were common. The physiography of the coast was found to be essentially the same, except that the hills are not so high and there is no existing glacier. The northeast coast of the bay is also a barren, rugged land, but it does not show the work of ice as conspicuously as the other coast. 224 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VII Another contrasting feature of the northeast coast noted was that the hills were massive and seldom showed any bedding planes. While the entire coast was essentially barren and covered with glacial debris, a few areas of fertile, arable land were noted. Both coasts of the bay were examined as thoroughly as time per- mitted, and collections were made from eleven different places. The fossils found on both coasts were all drift fossils of Trenton and Utica stage and had doubtless been brought to the coast from the interior of Baffin Land. No sedimentary deposit, either fossiliferous or non- fossiliferous, was observed anywhere except at Silliman’s Fossil Mountain, where the largest and best collection of fossils in situ was made. This mountain is in 63° 438’N. Latitude and 69° 02’W. Lon- gitude. It lies at the head of the bay, about 300 feet from high tide and two and and one-half miles south of the Jordan River. It is a hill of limestone and lies unconformably on the hills of Meta Incognita. It is about three-quarters of a mile long and 320 feet high (by aneroid) and runs in a general northwest and southeast direction. The exact number of fossil specimens collected is not yet known, but it is doubtless well over 500. Most of them are still in the matrix. They are all of the middle Ordovician Period (Trenton and Utica stage), and include the classes: Brachiopoda, Lamellibranchiata, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Trilobita and other Arthropoda, Echinta odermata, Coelenterata and Porifera—the Cephalopoda being the most abundant. Representative collections of the igneous and met- amorphic rocks of both coasts were also made. These rocks consist of schistose and gneissoid types together with some basalts and perhaps some peridotites. All are believed to be of Pre-Cambrian and probably Archaean age. The extent of Grinnell glacier, discovered and named by Captain Hall in 1865, was determined as far as possible by Mr. Roy, and evidence was obtained which indicates considerable decline of this body of ice since that time. In the latter part of the year Mr. Roy transferred his base of operations to Newfoundland and con- tinued collecting there. Localities in which he collected there were chiefiy those yielding Cambrian fossils, and a number of good speci- mens of these have already been obtained. Reconnaissance work was carried on in Notre Dame Bay, Trinity Bay and Conception Bay. In Notre Dame Bay no Cambrian deposit was observed. Collecting in Trinity Bay, however, gave excellent results, upwards of 400 specimens of fossils of lower Cambrian age having been obtained. These represent the classes: Lamellibranchiata, Annelida, JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 225 Gastropoda and Trilobita. Many of these fossils are complete, well preserved and in excellent condition. Occurring in delicate shales, they require considerable preparation, and this work will be carried forward during the winter. At Conception Bay, well-preserved fossils of lower, middle and upper Cambrian horizons were found, and further collecting will be carried on there. Deposits of economic importance noted showed ores of iron, copper, lead and manganese. ZOOLOGY.—During the year six important expeditions, devoted wholly or mainly to zoological work, were in the field. Three of these worked in Alaska, Labrador and the Arctic; two were in central and eastern Africa; and one was in southern and central South America. ’ Field work in India also was done through the cooperation of Colonel J. C. Faunthorpe, and zoological specimens in some numbers were received from expeditions conducted by other departments of the Museum. Cooperation was continued with the Third Asiatic Expe- dition of the American Museum of Natural History. The Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition, with reduced personnel, continued work begun in 1926. The zoological section of this expedition included originally Mr. George K. Cherrie, Mrs. Marshall Field, Mrs. Grace G. Seton, Mr. Curzon Taylor, Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, and Mr. Colin C. Sanborn. Most of the party returned in 1926, but Mr. Sanborn, with one native assistant, continued until October, 1927. He spent a total of four months in Uruguay traveling some 2,000 miles by motor truck, visiting eight Departments of the country and making collections at twelve differ- ent points. Among the birds obtained were five species not previously _ recorded from Uruguay. Two specimens were secured of a very rare bird discovered by Charles Darwin nearly 100 years ago and not reported subsequently. It is the Straight-billed Reed Runner, a small bird of wren-like habits, and the specimens now in Field Museum are the only ones extant with the exception of Darwin’s original types in the British Museum. The total collections from Uruguay number 345 mammals, 462 birds, 786 reptiles, and 2,500 fish, being the only important collection of Uruguayan vertebrates in the United States. Uruguayan authorities, both military and civil, were most courteous and helpful, furnishing permits, introductions, and infor- mation. Mr. H. J. Doyle, of Armour and Company, at Montevideo, also extended hospitality and provided letters of introduction. Early ‘In February, Mr. Sanborn was directed to collect group material for 226 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REports, VOL. VII exhibition. This work first took him to the Territory of Santa Cruz, Patagonia, where a group of Guanacos was collected during the month of March. Nearly all the young Guanacos, which are born in November and December, had been killed for their hides, so it was only by great good fortune that three young ones, which had been born very late in the season, were secured. Seven adult specimens were also taken. This animal is being exterminated as a pest, since it interferes with the sheep industry. Messrs. Rollitt and Kendall of the firm of that name in Santa Cruz, were very helpful to the party. The Santa Cruz collection was shipped from Buenos Aires and on April 17 start was made up the Paraguay and Parana Rivers to Descalvados, headquarters of the Brazil Land and Cattle Company, which was not reached until June 12, after many difficulties and delays due mainly to storms and floods. At this point, Mr. J. G. Ramsay, who had been host of the expedition in 1926, provided all — facilities for work and several camps were made in the vicinity. Thirteen Swamp Deer, ranging from young fawns to old males with large horns, were obtained and prepared for exhibition purposes. Blood-sucking vampire bats at one camp made serious attacks on the horses, but were prevented from continuing by tying the horses in the light of a powerful gasoline lantern which was kept burning all night. Further groups were obtained of the American Tapir and the Giant Anteater or Antbear. Besides the groups and their accesso- ries about 100 other mammals were collected, representing prac- tically all the large and medium-sized species found in this part of Brazil. Work was concluded on September 5. The expedition received much assistance from American diplomatic officers in Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo, Buenos Aires, and Asuncion, for which the Museum makes grateful acknowledgment. The Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition, after getting well started in 1926, as recounted in the report for that year, continued with marked success during 1927. Work in the Chilalo Mountains of the Province of Arussi was carried on at several camps. In addition to the exhibition group of the large beautiful antelope known as the Mountain Nyala, mentioned previously, very thorough collections were made of all the vertebrate life of this peculiar mountain region. On leaving these mountains, the party was divided and one section, with Messrs. Osgood and Fuertes, proceeded southward, while the other, with Messrs. Baum, Bailey, and Cutting, turned eastward. The first section worked around the southern end of the Chilalo Mountains and crossed the canyon of the Webbi Shebeli . os gis tt ai amps en a age ge A, nea NTA EEE LA BA I LOLA OIA LMET A ERE E SE E Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate XX VII ae and ave ne oat | oar ~ wa ay: lam PN" 4 H ed ‘ , Me Li So x j aed * ee ” “ pr cete sl ‘f ak : &, ei Seka tatehat, Soil COPTIC CHILD’S GARMENT OF WOOL Front and back with woven designs in purple and red An example from an extensive collection of Egyptian fabrics Presented by Stanley Field and Ernest R. Graham, Chicago One-seventh actual size JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Papa | River near Lajo in the Province of Bale. Thence they ascended the Gedeb Mountains and spent some days in a magnificent forest in- habited by many interesting birds and by troops of the black and white Guereza Monkeys. From this point, they crossed high plateau country about the source of the Webbi Shebeli and entered the Pro- vince of Sidamo in which considerable time was spent in a bamboo forest harboring many animals not met with elsewhere in Abyssinia. After visiting the capital of the province at Agara Salaam and its hospitable chief, Dejazmatch Balcha, the party turned northward and made its way toward Addis Ababa via the chain of lakes which here occupy the northerly extension of the famous Rift Valley. Camps were made successively on Lakes Awasa, Abyata, Shala and Zwai. Some large game was found in this region, including Hippopotamus, Greater Koodoo, Hartebeest, and Gazelles, but attention was devoted mainly to smaller mammals and birds. Thence return was rapidly made, again crossing the Hawash River and passing through the the Province of Gurage to Addis Ababa. Meanwhile, the other section of the expedition trekked eastward across the open Arussi plateau and descended the the Webbi Shebeli River near the foot of Mount Abu Kasim. Owing to recent unseason- able rains, the river was found to be in flood, and it was only after waiting several days for it to subside that a very difficult crossing was made. From this point, the party proceeded to the Mohammedan settlement of Sheik Hussein. In this vicinity, which was relatively hot and arid, a number of large mammals were collected, including Greater and Lesser Koodoo, Warthog, Dik Dik, Hamadryas Baboon, and Spotted Hyena. Somewhat farther on, at Luku Wells, consider- able game was encountered, the most important being Grevy’s Zebra, Oryx, Gerenuk, and Koodoo. From Luku Wells, the party continued east and northeast and recrossed the Webbi Shebeli and thence on- ward through little known and almost waterless country to the Chercher Mountains. Thence a difficult trail led to Bodessa and Galampso. Pasturage for mules in this region was scanty and loads had to be lightened and saddle mules pressed into service. On Janu- uary 18 the small station of Arba on the railroad was reached, whence the mule caravan proceeded to Addis Ababa and a short trip by camel transport was arranged at Hawash Station. In this vicinity near the Hawash River, among the large mammals found were the Waterbuck, Hartebeest, Bushbuck, and Soemmerring’s Gazelle. Large collections of birds and small mammals made between the Webbi and Hawash rivers included many species not found elsewhere. 228 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTs, VOL. VII The two sections of the party rejoined in Addis Ababa January 22 and, after packing and shipping specimens, reorganizing cara- van, and arranging official formalities, the entire expedition started northward February 9. Progress was rapid across the upland plains of Shoa and, after crossing the canyon of the Muger River where a short stop was made, the caravan continued to the Abai or Blue Nile which was crossed without especial difficulty February 16-18. Passage through the districts of Dejem and Gubea led on to the village of Bichana, at that time the temporary seat of Ras Hailu, ruler of the Province of Gojam. This powerful potentate received the expedition with great cordiality, showering its members with gifts, entertaining them at feasts, and providing them with guides and facilities for travel through his territory. Some days were spent at Bichana and its vicinity and, on leaving, the party was again divided. Messrs. Osgood and Fuertes went westward via Debra Marcos, Dembecha, and Jigga and thence into the knot of high mountains in central Gojam, ascending Mount Amedamit and visiting the ultimate source of the Blue Nile, a little spring known as Gish Abbai and repre- sented on certain maps as Sakalla. Descending via N’jabara, Dangela, and Ismala, they worked around the west shore of Lake Tsana and then turned northwestward and dropped down over the steep escarpment to the upper Jira River, thence to the Gendoa River and thence to Gallabat. This trip was productive of a wide variety of specimens and much information on the distribution of animals. In a small stream near the head of the Blue Nile, an interesting Water Rat was discovered, representing a new genus of rodents. Large mammals taken included Reedbuck, Defassa Waterbuck, Roan Ante- lope, Oribi, and Bush Pig. The other section of the party with Messrs. Cutting, Baum, and Bailey proceeded northward from Bichana, recrossed the Blue Nile and continued over a level plain around the east side of Lake Tsana to Gondar. At Gondar, assistance and courtesies were received from the Italian Consul, and the march was continued northeast to the village of Devart where the local chief, Dejazmatch Ayalu, was most hospitable. His permission was obtained to hunt ibex in the moun- tains of Simien, and some days later camp was made among the pre- cipitous cliffs of these mountains in the heart of the ibex country. After difficult and dangerous hunting, a series of the Abyssinian Ibex was secured, being the first of the rare species to be obtained by American collectors. Among rare birds obtained in the same region was a series of a little known Alpine Chough. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 229 From the Simien Mountains, return was made to Gondar, followed by long marches westward through relatively dry country. The two sections of the expedition met on the Gendoa River, a few days’ march from the Sudan border. They proceeded to Gallabat where they were cordially received by Captain Gordon, British military officer stationed there, and Mr. Emery, British customs officer. The caravan was then disbanded and, on April 23, the members of the expedition left Gallabat by automobile for Gedaref and Wad Medani where railhead was reached. By division of the party from time to time, the Abyssinian expe- dition was enabled to cover much territory and enter various physical areas differing widely in their animal life. In all, nearly 2,000 miles were traversed, but conditions were such and organization so arranged, that the collecting of specimens was almost uninterrupted. The result was a very large and varied collection, including some 1,350 mammals, 2,000 birds, and a small number of reptiles and fishes. The Museum is deeply appreciative of the marked courtesy with which its Abyssinian expedition was received by His Highness Ras Tafari, Prince Regent and Heir to the throne of Ethiopia. Without his cordial cooperation the expedition would have been quite im- possible. Other Abyssinian officials were uniformly hospitable and helpful. Among those to whom grateful acknowledgment is made are Fitaurari Hopta Giorgis, Minister of War and Governor of Arussi; Ras Hailu, Governor of Gojam; Dejazmatch Ayalu, Governor of Simien; Dejazmatch Balcha, Governor of Sidamo; and Belata Herui, Adviser to Ras Tafari. The expedition is also indebted for assistance to Mr. C. H. Bentinck, British Minister at Addis Ababa, to Colonel D. A. Sandford, and Mr. David Hall, of Addis Ababa, and to Dr. A. W. Pollock and his staff of the American Mission. ~The Conover-Everard African Expedition continued the import- ant work begun in 1926. This expedition consisting of Mr. Boardman Conover, Associate in Birds, Mr. R. H. Everard of Detroit, and Mr. J. T. Zimmer, Assistant Curator of Birds, sailed from New York April 3, 1926 for London, en route to Tanganyika Territory, East Africa. Landing at Dar-es-Salaam and later at Tanga, the party first visited the Usambara Mountains and the plains at their foot, near the Kenya border. Later, it crossed to the central railway and worked in the country lying south of Kilossa toward the Mahenge district, as detailed in the report for 1926. Leaving Kilossa on November 4, the expedition proceeded up the line of the central railway to Kigoma and crossed Lake Tangan- 230 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII yika by boat into the Belgian Congo, landing at Albertville on November 9. From Albertville the route led by rail to Kabalo on the upper Congo River or Lualaba River, thence by river steamer upstream to the head of navigation at Bukama, which was made temporary headquarters. Until January 5, 1927, the expedition re- mained in the general neighborhood of Bukama, making one extended camp on the river at the native village of Katobwe and another back at the foot of the hills near the village of Katapena, thence returning to Bukama. At Katobwe, a species of Kob was enormously abundant in herds of thousands, but was almost the only antelope found in the region. A series of skins and many skulls of this species were secured. The animal was known locally as “‘Lechwe.”’ A series of lakes lying back from the river, the open plains surrounding the lakes, and a fringe of oil palms along the river banks furnished a variety of bird and mammal life. Owing to heavy rains and flooded land, it required two days to reach the foot of the hills at Katapena, and the same conditions 1m- peded work there after arrival. The only large game obtained was a single specimen of the White or Yellow-backed Duiker which was found at the lower edge of the hillside woods, an unusual situation according to native guides who reported that the animal’s accustomed habitat was the dense forest at the top of these same hills. The specimen was of unusual size, apparently a record in length of horn for the Congo, although larger examples have been taken in Rhodesia. Bird life was interesting in this locality, and a number of new forms were added to the collection. Returning to Kabalo, Albertville, and Kigoma, the party de- scended the central railway as far as Tabora. Floods at various places impeded movement and threatened to cut off communication with Mwanza, the next objective. Accordingly little collecting was done at Tabora, and as soon as arrangements could be made and reserve supplies brought up from Kilossa, the expedition set out by motor lorries for Mwanza on the southern shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza. This point was reached in two days, and shortly thereafter another day’s travel by dhow along the southern end of the lake brought the party to Katungulu where another camp was established. Here collecting was done until March 4, resulting in more species of birds and mammals being added to the series. Returning to Mwanza, the party took a lake steamer around the western and northern end of the lake to Kampala, landing at Port JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 231 Bell, Uganda. After arrangements were made to secure game licenses, export specimens, etc., the expedition proceeded by motor lorry and car to Butiaba, on the shore of Lake Albert Edward, reaching this place on March 24 after a delay in Masindi to interview provincial officials. At Butiaba, passage was secured by river steamer to the ‘ foot of the lake and thence down the Nile to Rhino Camp, where it was hoped to secure a White Rhinoceros. General collecting was postponed until after this desideratum was obtained, except for oc- casional specimens obtained near camp. After considerable search a suitable White Rhinoceros was killed on April 6, and the complete skin and skeleton were preserved following three more days of con- tinuous labor to pare and clean the specimen. The party then moved up away from the river camp to higher and better ground to continue the work of collecting. Here, however, activities were interrupted by an officious local game warden to such an extent that it was necessary to return to Kampala, where higher authorities, including the Gover- nor of Uganda, made such amends as possible and were most cour- teous, but much time was lost. The expedition then returned to the coast at Mombasa and took ship for Marseilles, reaching Chicago on June 16. Total accessions from the expedition comprised 905 birds, 374 mammals, 303 reptiles, 2 birds’ nests and 3 eggs, and a few insects. The Borden-Field Museum Alaska-Arctic Expedition, organized and financed by Mr. John Borden, a Trustee of the Museum, and well known for his personal activity and interest in natural history, explored the coast of northwestern Alaska and penetrated the polar sea as far as Wrangell Island. The zoological results of this expedition include a number of exceptionally fine specimens of large mammals much needed for the completion of exhibition groups in the Museum’s Hall of American Mammal Habitat Groups. Chief of these is a group of Peninsula Brown Bears (Ursus dalli gyas) which are the largest carnivorous animals now living, rivalling in size the Cave Bear of Pleistocene times. Of the four specimens selected for a group, two were shot by Mrs. John Borden, one by Miss Frances Ames, and the fourth, an exceptionally large male, by Mrs. R. B. Slaughter. The expedition also obtained specimens of Polar Bears and the complete skin and skull of a large male Pacific Walrus, a species of larger size than the Atlantic Walrus. On June 20, Mr. Ashley Hine, taxidermist of the division of birds, left for Nome, Alaska, to join the Borden-Field Museum Alaska-Arctic Expedition. A number of birds were taken near Nome 232 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VII prior to leaving for Wrangell Island, Arctic Ocean. Considerable collecting was done at Little Diomede Island, Bering Strait, Point Hope and Wrangell Island. At the latter place only three species of birds were taken. Specimens were procured at Kolyuchin Island (Siberia), King and St. Lawrence Islands, Dutch Harbor, Bogoslof, Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula. Bird life was plentiful at most places where collecting was done. On August 27, near Akutan Pass, Aleutian Islands, the sea was black with Slender-billed Shear- waters in an immense flock 35 miles wide. Many of the 111 speci- mens of birds collected on the expedition will be used in the re- organization of the systematic series of mounted birds. Mr. Hine returned to San Francisco, on September 10. The Alexander Revell-Field Museum Alaskan Expedition, led by Mr. R. W. Tansill, worked from Puget Sound to the vicinity of Pavlof Bay on the Alaska Peninsula where five specimens of the Peninsula Brown Bear were obtained, including one large old female. A brown bear was also obtained by this expedition on Admiralty Island, and at other points thirteen birdskins were taken. The Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition sailed from Wis- casset, Maine, in June with two zoologists of the Museum staff in its personnel, Mr. Alfred C. Weed, Assistant Curator of Fishes and Mr. A. G. Rueckert, taxidermist. The expedition made a few stops in Labrador and continued northward to Baffin Land, but owing to the approach of winter, made only a brief stop there. Animal life was scarce and few specimens were collected. Returning to Labrador, winter quarters were established at Anatalak Bay, near Nain, and some collecting of specimens was begun about October 1. Among the few specimens which it was possible to ship out before the close of communications were thirteen birdskins from Baffin Land. Last mail reports indicated that other birds and a few small mammals had been collected in addition to a considerable number of fishes. A num- ber of color studies of fresh fish had been prepared by Mr. Rueckert. The following list indicates the various expeditions in the field during the year: LOCALITY COLLECTORS MATERIAL KisH, MESOPOTAMIA.... Stephen Langdon Archaeological Collections. L. C. Watelin Henry Field BRITISH HONDURAS..... J. Eric Thompson Archaeological Collections. MADAGASCAR, 32)... 23.5. Ralph Linton Ethnological Collections. JAN. 1928 EUROPE AND NORTH ARABIAN DESERT..... ALASKA AND ARCTIC REGIONS O20 bo BRAZIL, ARGENTINA, PARAGUAY AND URUGAY TANGANYIKA, CONGO AND UGANDA, AFRICA..... LABRADOR AND BAFFIN | LSD eS ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Henry Field Mr. and Mrs. John Bor- den, Mr. and Mrs. R. B. Slaughter, Miss Frances Ames, Ashley Hine A. Weberbauer G. Proctor Cooper Elmer S. Riggs Robert C. Thorne. S. K. Roy O. C. Farrington W. H. Osgood Alfred M. Bailey Louis A. Fuertes C. Suydam Cutting Jack Baum Colin C. Sanborn Boardman Conover Robert T. Everard Jonn T. Zimmer R. W. Tansill Col. J. C. Faunthorpe Donald B. MacMillan A. ©. Weed A. G. Rueckert S. K. Roy W. D. Strong Charles S. Sewell Dr. E. K. Langford Leader of expedition named first in each case. ACCESSIONS 233 Archaeological Collections. Zoological and Ethnological Collections. Botanical Collections. Botanical Collections. Paleontological Collections. Paleontological Collections. Geological Collections. Zoological Collections. Zoological Collections. Zoological and Ethnological Collections. Zoological Collections. Zoological Collections. Anthropological, Geological, Botanical and Zoological Collections. ANTHROPOLOGY.—The new accessions recorded during the year by the Department of Anthropology amount to 55. Of these 36 are by gift, ten as the result of expeditions, one by exchange, and eight by purchase. These accessions cover numerous parts of the globe and aggregate a total of 4,423 objects. The principal accessions are briefly reviewed in the geographical order of the countries from which the material comes. It is a pleasure to record the splendid gift of Mr. John Borden, leader of the Borden-Field Museum Alaska-Arctic Expedition, not 234 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII only on account of the superior quality and rarity of the material, but also because it was received carefully labeled as to places of origin, and accompanied by complete information from the collector anddonor. The Curator would deem himself fortunate if all collectors would observe the same discriminate care. Mr. Borden’s collection from the Eskimos of Alaska and Arctic regions of Canada is the most important addition made in many years to the Museum’s previous collections relating to Eskimoan culture. Many objects are ‘ entirely novel to the Institution, above all, copper knives and copper arrowheads from the so-called Blond or Copper Eskimos of northern Canada, of which the Museum has heretofore not had a single ex- ample. An attractive series of ancient mammoth ivory carvings are engraved with designs of a style which reveals a phase of Eskimo art hitherto unknown. There is an abundance of carved walrus tusks, and figures and toys of walrus ivory, of great beauty and artistic merit, which make the collection valuable to the student of primitive art and a source of enjoyment to the general public. The stone and pottery cooking-vessels in the collection belong to the rarest and most treasured of Eskimo objects. Numerous jade axes, bone and ivory harpoon-points and other weapons and implements are prominent features of this remarkable collection which aggregates a total of 5383 objects and of which the Institution has every reason to be proud. Commander D. B. MacMillan added 42 objects from the Eskimos of Greenland to the collection received from him last year as a result of the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of 1926. The new accession comprises fine bird-skin mats, a fur shirt decorated with glass beads and leather appliqué work, clothing and boots, dolls, beads, knives, models of boats, and steatite figures of animals. An interesting ethnological collection (171 objects) illustrating the life of the Montagnais of Labrador was secured by purchase from Dr. Frank G. Speck, professor of anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania, who had obtained it during an expedition this year to the region of Lake St. John Montagnais. The collection is very rich in material illustrative of the religious practices of the tribe, and, being based on serious research, is accompanied by full data. The Montagnais are closely related to the Naskapi of Labrador whose culture Assistant Curator Strong is studying while in Labrador with the Rawson-MacMillan Expedition of 1927-28, so that in due course of time the Museum may hope to have a complete repre- sentation of the ethnology of Labrador. Reports, Vol. VII, Plate XXVIII Field Museum of Natural History ————— — a A TUCUM PALM A long-spined palm tree from Surinam Recently installed in the palm collection in Hall 25 Stanley Field Guiana Expedition, 1922 One-eighteenth natural size ONE RE LILO ARTE MR. Ce RE Rea te ee JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 235 An exceedingly fine grass woven bag from the Aleutian Islands was presented by Mrs. Walter L. Peck of Chicago. Thirteen pieces of painted pottery from the Southwest and Mexico are a gift of Mrs. Edward E. Ayer. These had been collected on his travels by the late Edward E. Ayer. A fine old woolen Navaho blanket decorated in native dyes of blue, pink, and brown, formerly the proud possession of Spotted Tail, chief of the Rosebud Sioux, was presented by Miss M. O’Hara of Highland Park, Illinois. Father Willard-Jones of Kenosha, Wisconsin, presented an inter- esting woman’s dress of elk-skin decorated with colored beads and fringe of the Sioux of South Dakota. The Museum purchased from Dr. S. G. Morley a small private collection of Maya and Toltec antiquities obtained by him in the course of his numerous expeditions in Central America. Maya material is very scarce, and the Maya field is but scantily represented in the Museum. The new collection includes a very fine bowl from the great Maya metropolis of Copan. The bow] is painted red, black, and cream, and portrays the god of the Number Seven. Above is a band of slightly conventionalized hieroglyphs. Mercury 1,500 years old, found in a vault below a stele at Copan, is a curious feature of the collection. Of special interest are two jadeite cores from which ear-plugs were cut. These two examples are the only ones of their type known from the Maya area. The collection also includes a superb Toltec mask of dicrite from Cholula, one of the three most important Toltec cities. A small ethnological and archae- ological collection was obtained by Assistant Curator Thompson in Guatemala, Honduras, and British Honduras. It includes examples of Kekchi weaving from the Copan region, Guatemala. Hitherto the Museum has possessed no ethnological material from any part of the Maya area save Yucatan. The archaeological material consists of a small series of pottery figurines and a small jadeite amulet. Through exchange with the Giteburg Museum of Sweden a collec- tion of 105 ethnological objects from Brazil and Bolivia was received. These had been gathered by Baron Erland Nordenskiéld, the well- known expert in South American ethnology, and bear chiefly on two groups, the Choroti tribe in the western Chaco and the Yurakare, one of the forest tribes in southeastern Bolivia; others are from the Parentrintins who live on a tributary of the Rio Madeira in the central Amazon basin, and from the Palikur tribe located near the Atlantic coast on the borders of Brazil and French Guiana. Many of 236 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII these objects are of value in supplementing the Museum’s material from the regions in question. A collection of weapons, baskets, musical instruments, domestic utensils, and paddles was presented by Assistant Curator McGovern. It was obtained on his expedition to the Northwest Amazon Basin and relates to the tribes bordering the Caiary, Papury, Awa, Pira Parana and Apaporis rivers. Most of the tribes of this region exhibit a great uniformity of culture, so that the artifacts of one tribe are typical of nearly all the other tribes in the area. An interesting small collection of Inca antiquities exhumed from two burial-places in northern Chile was received from Mr. H. W. Nichols, Associate Curator of Geology, while he was a member of the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition. Mr. H. Eggers, a mining engineer, who cooperated with him in this work, added to this collection eight objects among which a limestone image of primitive workmanship, a robe of llama-skin, a silver bell and a silver vessel merit special mention. Mr. Thomas 8. Hughes, prominent art-dealer of Chicago, pre- sented an interesting archaeological collection including beads from Egypt, among these one string of unusually tiny and delicate blue glass beads, some ancient Greek and South Italian pottery, minute glass vases, fragments of iridescent glass, and a Roman pottery lamp beautifully decorated in relief with the story of the rescue of the infants Romulus and Remus. A rich harvest totaling 1,186 antiquities has been gathered as a result of the excavations carried on at Kish. These comprise 153 plain pottery bowls and domestic utensils, sherds of painted pottery, 10 pieces of glazed pottery, 159 human clay figurines, 56 animal clay figurines, 11 objects of bone and 16 of shell, 106 stone implements, 7 stone bowls, 7 stone fragments with designs, 2 marble statuettes, 130 bronze implements, 7 strung necklaces, more than 400 beads of all descriptions, 34 cylinder seals, 17 spindle-whorls, 2 arrowheads, and an ostrich egg. Jewelry occupies a prominent place: the collection contains gold finger-rings, gold studs, gold pins, and gold beads as well as bronze rings and pieces of coral. One of the most interesting trophies is the foundation brick box of Nabonidus, last king of the Babylonian empire, in which were found a gold pin surmounted by a bead of lapis lazuli, gold beads, and other jewels. The box consists of six bricks—four whole and two half bricks, and was discovered under the altar in the great temple. Inside of it was found a statuette of unbaked earth in fragmentary condition, representing a god hold- JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Zale ing a thin blade of gold. One of the important inscribed tablets recording a sale of land at Kish and dated in the sixth year of Sinmu- ballit, fifth king of the first Babylonian dynasty (2087-67 B.C.), has been assigned to the Museum by Professor Langdon who pub- lished a detailed description of it in the Revue d’Assyriologie. Twelve inscribed Babylonian clay tablets of the Ur and Larsa dy- nasties were presented by Mr. Henry J. Patten. Mr. Edward E. Ayer, almost until the moment of his death, was - untiring in his efforts to make notable additions to his pewter col- lection. It is characteristic of the man that his genuine love for the Museum and its work occupied his mind till the last day of his life. The new gifts, consisting of 21 objects, all except one from China, include a fine altar set of five pieces (censer, pair of flower- vases and a pair of candlesticks) inlaid with decorations in brass of dragons, birds, flowers, and Buddha-hand citrus; a pilgrim’s bottle with copper inlays; pewter boxes with scenery and figures of the Kight Immortals in brass inlays; a pewter cash-box, and a number of exquisite tea-pots and water-ewers. One of these is of coconut-shell mounted on pewter. There is a very artistic pewter bowl, lined with a coat of cracked porcelain, and engraved with a spray of orchids and a poem of two lines. Two incense-burners in the shape of phoenixes and large candlesticks supported by figures are likewise deserving of special mention. In memory of her husband, Mrs. Edward EK. Ayer presented a unique pewter statuette of an Arhat, one of the disciples of Buddha, reading a prayer roll, of the Ming period (1368-1643) and the graceful Japanese pewter figure of a cat of the eighteenth century. A carved stone slab from a funerary chamber of the Han dynasty (second century A.D.) is the gift of Mr. A. W. Bahr, New York. It shows in flat relief a double-roofed house resting on columns, with rafters terminating in dragon-heads, and a chariot drawn by a horse inmotion. As the Museum heretofore did not possess any sculptures of that period, and as they are exceedingly rare and difficult to obtain, this gift is deeply appreciated. An ancient Chinese mariner’s com- pass combined with a sun-dial was secured by purchase. In view of the fact that the Chinese are regarded as the inventors of the mariner’s compass, this is an important addition to a proposed ex- hibit of scientific instruments of China for which the Curator has been collecting material and data for a number of years. Messrs. Grow and Cuttle of Chicago, importers of Oriental goods, in view of their interest in the Chinese section of the Department and in recognition of services rendered to them in the past in the identi- 238 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII fication of antiques, entered into an arrangement with the Museum by which a certain number of Chinese objects will be donated by them every year. The first contribution, made in 1927, consists of two very fine and early pieces of celadon pottery, one glazed mortuary clay figure of the T‘ang and six of the Ming period, a figure carved from a root, representing a youth with a deer, a unique vase carved from eaglewood root in its natural formation, and a Ju-i sceptre of geod luck delicately carved from sandalwood. Mrs. Charles B. Goodspeed of Chicago presented the complete silk dress of a Mongol woman from Urga adorned with a stunning head-dress, shoulder piece, ear-rings, and chatelaine of plated jewelry wrought in filigree and inlaid with turquoise and coral: beads. The costume has been installed on a figure with facial cast, and a photo- gravure of it illustrates this Report. A valuable collection of ancient skulls found in burial caves of Bohol Island in the Philippines was purchased from E. B. Christie, a student of Philippine ethnology. Kew primitive peoples are more fascinating than the aborigines of Australia, for their culture, though now much disintegrated by Euro- pean contact, has always remained in splendid isolation, uncontami- nated by outside influences. The Museum has been fortunate in securing from western Australia, where the natives are the least affected by foreign intrusion, a collection of 450 ethnological ob- jects, every one of which is a good and authentic example of native skill. This collection was purchased from Mr. John F. Connelly, a re- sident of Perth and a lifelong student of aboriginal life, and it is one of the most noteworthy accessions of the year. It includes beautifully fashioned spear-heads of stone, with minute serrations around their edges, which are reminiscent of the very early history of man; so also are the stone clubs formed by hafting a ground stone axe-head in a cloven stick. Wooden clubs, shields, and boomerangs are represented in great variety. These have been well selected with a view to show- ing how a particular style of art centralizes in a given locality; while not far away another band of aborigines adopts a totally different form and pattern to which they rigidly adhere. Personal ornament is typified by ingeniously made shell disks, emu plumes, necklaces of seeds, bone pins to be stuck through the septum of the nose, and red ochre which has a magical import when rubbed on the body or on weapons. The bullroarer, a thin slat of wood that can be twirled on a string, at first sight appears as a mere toy; but to the Australian it is the voice of a spirit or god who speaks in the whining note produced JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 239 when the roarer is twirled at ceremonies for initiating boys into tribal life. Curiously carved pieces of wood, described as “‘message sticks,” convey some idea of the first stages in the evolution of writing, and these are equaled in interest by the ‘‘death pointers.’’ These slender bones are taken to a secret spot by a magician who wishes to harm hisenemy. Directing the point toward his sleeping foe he says, “May your heart be torn asunder.”” The method of making fire by twirling one stick upon another is illustrated by several sets of the primitive apparatus. | The Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Madagascar under the leadership of Assistant Curator Linton was very successful in obtain- ing ethnological collections illustrative of the various cultures of the island, approximately 2,750 objects being gathered in 1927 as against 1,750 the preceding year, making a total of 4,500 objects from the expedition. This may be designated without exaggeration as by far the largest and most complete Madagascar collection in existence. Because of the rapid destruction of the primitive cultures many of the objects secured could not be duplicated even at the present time. About 750 objects were obtained from the Sakalava tribe, the outstanding features of the collection being about 150 pieces of old gold and silver jewelry, many of which are of very fine workmanship, and 25 pieces of figured raffia cloth made by the warp- dying process. The manufacture of a single strip of this cloth is said to require three months of continuous labor, and there are now only twelve women who know how to make it. There are no examples of these fabrics in English or other American museums. As the art will unquestionably become extinct in a few years, the examples obtained are priceless. Approximately 700 specimens were collected from the tribes of the southeast coast, principally from the Antai- fasina and Tanosy. The culture of this region is simple, and the material consists largely of ordinary tools and utensils, as well as garments made from finely woven flexible mats. An ancient shield, the last in the possession of the Antaifasina tribe, and a number of well-carved wooden bowls are of especial interest. Included also are cleverly made wooden figures of fishes with flexible horn fins, which were used as decoys for fish-spearing. The Antandroy and Mahafaly, little known tribes in the extreme south of the island, are represented by unusually good collections. These comprise many examples of weaving and beadwork, silver jewelry, stone tobacco-pipes, many charms, and sacred objects, as well as a large number of very fine wood-carvings, including a 240 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VII series of original memorial carvings of the sort placed on tombs. Wooden pillows delicately carved with figures of birds, men, and animals are especially noteworthy, as they have not previously been represented in museum collections. This tribe, although semi- nomadic, makes excellent wood-carvings, and does the best metal work in Madagascar. A portrait of a young woman, carved in hard red wood, and several groups of smaller figures showing dancers and wrestlers in life-like poses are deserving of especial mention. Two spears with figures of oxen on the blades in high relief and two old war-knives with cast brass hilts—one representing a horse, the other aman, ox, crocodile, and chicken—mark the highest point reached by the native smiths. Skin garments of a hitherto unknown type were collected among the eastern Bara. A nearly complete collection from the Tanala shows the arts and industries of this interesting and isolated tribe. Especially noteworthy are the finely made boxes of wood and horn which serve as purses, and the mantles of woven bast dyed throughout with old vegetable pigments in soft blues, reds, and yellows. This tribe is ignorant of spinning, but weaves cloths from coarse threads made by rolling on the thigh, and afterwards beating the fabric to a felt-like consistency. Additional collections were made among the Betsileo, a number of unique objects being obtained. The most important of these are two royal cloaks or lambas, dyed with a sacred blue dye, the making of which was attended with ela- borate observances; a battle-axe carried as a royal emblem, and the lamp of the last Betsileo king, a magnificent piece of wrought iron over five feet high. Many rare old cloaks were also obtained, the most valuable being a silk shroud woven by a woman of royal caste for her own use. Material was collected for four miniature groups, three of which are designed to show typical village scenes in each of the three Madagascar culture areas, and one to illustrate the erection of megalithic monuments as practised by the natives. These monu- ments are identical with the menhirs of prehistoric Europe, and the native engineering methods are probably nearly the same as those used in the erection of Stonehenge, and Carnac in Brittany. Some collecting was done in Africa, small collections from the Barotse and Bushmen being obtained; likewise a good and _ thor- oughly documented collection of South African paleolithic imple- ments, showing all the recognized cultures, was purchased from Dr. Neville Jones of Bulawayo, the acknowledged authority on the subject. This is the first collection of the sort to be brought to America. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 241 The Museum has been fortunate in obtaining through purchase from M. Grimaud an original skeleton coming down from the Magdalenian age, the last of the three periods which form the Upper Paleolithic of France. This is the skeleton of a young man, about 25 years of age, judging from the perfect condition of the teeth; and, ’ considering the fact that he was alive some 25,000 years ago in south- western France, it isin a truly remarkable state of preservation. The man was about five feet, nine inches in height, and belonged to the late Cro-Magnon race, which was tall and of excellent physique. The skeleton was discovered in a small rock-shelter called Cap-Blanc near Laussel in the Dordogne region of France. In the strata of this cave a fine series of early Magdalenian implements were unearthed by Dr. Lalanne during 1910. On the wall of the rock-shelter was found a earved frieze of six wild horses following one another in line. Work was considered at an end when one of the workmen accidentally drove his pickaxe into a skull lying some three feet beneath the nose of the largest sculptured horse. Work was resumed, and the com- plete skeleton brought to light. The body had been covered with small stones, and had not been buried. Three blocks of stone were lying on the head, and these had unfortunately crushed the top jaw through the lower. This is at present the only paleolithic skeleton from France in this country. BOTANY.—It is gratifying, indeed, to be able to record a very substantial gain over the previous year in the number of specimens added to the study collections and the exhibits in the Department of Botany. During 1927, 14,918 specimens were received in this Department as compared with about 12,500 in 1926 and about 9,000 in 1925. More than 4,000 of these were gifts, and nearly 4,000 came in exchanges—a very gratifying proportion indicative of the interest and good will of individuals and of other institutions. There was an increase both in the herbarium and in the economic material received, including additions to the exhibits, the accessions totaling 272. The largest gift of the year, numerically speaking, was from Dr. Hi. HE. Sherff of Chicago, whose studies in the genus Bidens of the Compositae have made him known to all botanists. This gift-collec- tion consists of over 8,000 specimens constituting Dr. Sherff’s private herbarium. It is especially rich in the plants of Illinois and adjacent or nearby states, and will add many things to both the Illinois and general herbaria heretofore lacking or imperfectly represented. This 242 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistToRY—ReEports, VOL. VII gift to the herbarium is undoubtedly the outstanding one received in a long time, considered from the standpoint of its permanent value and its interest to students of the local flora. Professor Record of Yale University has shared with the Depart- ment various collections of tropical American plants which he has re- ceived in connection with his well-known studies on tropical American woods. The specimens for the herbarium number 640, of which 150 are accompanied by examples of the wood. This gift is particularly welcome, for it adds to the herbarium and to the wood collections much new material of importance for reference in con- nection with taxonomic work on plants of the American tropics. It is a pleasure to record a further contribution to the herbarium from the indefatigable collector, Mr. H: C. Benke, whose generosity and interest in building up the herbarium of Illinois plants has prompted him to add 238 specimens, either new to the collection or _ from new localities. He has also kindly presented the Department with 116 sheets for exchange. | Professor C. J. Chamberlain of the University of Chicago has further enriched the Cycad collection, which his gift of last year so greatly augmented, by the presentation of a series of seeds of Cycads. Several lots of photographs of type-specimens have been donated during the year, notably 42 prints, mostly of mints, from Dr. Carl Epling of the University of California, Southern Branch; 6 of types of Oenothera, courtesy of Dr. H. M. Hall; 8 of Borages and 1 of Parosela from Dr. I. M. Johnston, the Parosela very kindly obtained ~ by Dr. Johnston at Kew on special request. Further gifts during the year were 17 Florida herbarium speci- mens from Mr. H. E. Wheeler, Curator, Alabama Museum of Natural History; 39 herbarium specimens of Bidens, Dr. E. E. Sherff, Chicago Normal School; 1 specimen of Liparis Loeselii (L.) Richard, one of the rarer orchids from the dunes of Indiana, Dr. C. E. Hellmayr; 2 herbarium specimens of Euphorbia Esula L., a species new to Elgin, Illinois, Mr. C. F. Gronemann; 15 herbarium specimens of palm grown from seed furnished by the Museum, Garfield Park Conser- vatory, Chicago; 2 herbarium specimens of Polygonwm Sveboldir Fries, the first material in the herbarium of this frequently culti- vated Asiatic ornamental, courtesy of Mrs. Stanley Field; 1 herbar- jum specimen of a hybrid pigweed, Ambrosia bidentata x trifida, Mr. O. C. Durham, Swan-Myers Company, Indianapolis; 1 Florida spe- cimen of Plerospermum acerifolium Willd., the first representation Sen - So SE ET ee EE SE WE eH GALVOV JO SHILLAIUVA eaten te ere OPERATES yp” \ laehaewbo nas Ke acivheel ts ert eee ERIETT XIXX 1d ‘IIA “JOA ‘syodey AIOYSIFT [BINJERT JO vanosny, pyoryz JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 243 in the herbarium of this cultivated tree; 2 herbarium specimens of Bidens bidentoides (L.) Britton from Maryland, Dr. S. F. Blake, United States National Museum; 1 specimen of palmetto collected in British Honduras, Professor Samuel J. Record, Yale University; seeds and fruits of ten various palms from Trinidad, Dr. B. E. Dahlgren; a vine of Lonchocarpus densifiorus, collected in British Guiana, Mr. W. J. McGill, Whiting, Indiana; and aspecimen of Dioon _ spinulosum, received from Garfield Park Conservatory, Chicago. In addition to the Central American woods donated by Professor Record, already mentioned, some other important material has been acquired for the wood collections. Twelve large panels of African and American mahogany were given by the Mahogany Association of New York City. To the Florida woods were added a specimen of Bauhinia tomentosa, collected and presented by Mr. Jens Jensen, Ravinia, Illinois, and a section of a large cocopalm trunk from Mr. F. Gerry Curtis of Miami. A piece of olive wood was given by the Glendora Chamber of Commerce, Glendora, California. The Ameri- can Walnut Association, through its secretary, Mr. G. N. Lamb, supplied two specimens for the improvement of the walnut exhibit, as well as one each of cherry and hackberry. Mr. W. E. Bletsch of Highland Park, Illinois, an Associate Member of the Museum who has a private collection of domestic and foreign woods, presented the Department with 18 Cuban and Australian specimens for the refer- ence collection. The Boise-Payette Lumber Company of Boise, Idaho, through the courtesy of Mr. F. W. Hewitt, District Sales-Manager of the Weyerhaeuser Sales Company, donated four boards of western yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa) hitherto lacking in the American Wood Halli. Mr. Macbride, at whose personal solicitation this gift was made, at the same time secured in Idaho a fruiting branch of this tree for the herbarium and for use in connection with the exhibits. The Rakuda Wood Products Company, Pittsburgh, donated two veneered pieces of ‘‘“Rakuda” or sand-box wood (Hura crepitans) from Surinam. The material on fibers has been enhanced by gifts of flax fiber, grown in Holland, from Mr. John Van Keppel, Harvey, Illinois, and by a specimen of Raphia ruffia, grown in Madagascar, obtained by the Captain Marshall Field Madagascar Expedition. Accessions for the exhibit of plant food products (Hall 25) during the year include 16 samples of beet sugar factory products from the Great Western Sugar Company, Fort Collins, Colorado. 244 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII The collection of grain was enlarged by a number of gifts of corn, wheat, barley, rice and rye. Six ears of Yellow Cuban Flint corn grown in Florida were sent by Mr. J. M. Rogers, Gainesville, Florida; 6 ears of Leaming corn and 6 ears of Clarage corn, both grown in Ohio, came from Mr. M. F. Meyers, Ohio State University, Colum- bus, Ohio; 6 ears of Krug corn and 6 ears of Reid Yellow Dent corn, both grown in Illinois, were sent by Mr. George C. Dungan, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; a large bunch of rye stalks, collected in western Canada, was given by Mr. E. R. Bruce, Canadian Pacific Railway, Montreal, Canada; 5 samples of Rivet wheat grain arrived from Sir John Per- cival, Berks, England; 7 trays containing United States government grain standards were obtained from Mr. O. F. Phillips, United States Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Chicago; Mr. Phillips is also the donor of 2 bona fide samples of the grains of Blue Stem wheat and Kitchener wheat; 5 specimens of matured rice stalks and rice grain came from the Louisiana station of the United States Department of Agriculture; heads of 15 species of barley were given by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. The material received in exchange during the year consisted of 3,972 herbarium specimens. The majority of these were sent by the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., in five ship- ments comprising 3,019 sheets. More than 2,000 of these are mounted duplicates of the greatest value and were sent through the personal interest of Dr. Paul C. Standley. They are chiefly Mex- ican and Central and South American plants which most desirably augment the Museum collections from that part of the world. Other institutions or individuals sending specimens in exchange were the Botanische Garten und Museum, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany, 20 re- presentatives of co-types of the Weberbauer Peruvian collections on deposit at Berlin, a valuable exchange recorded with appreci- ation; the Gray Herbarium, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 7 Chilean plants new to this herbarium, courtesy Dr. I. M. Johnston; the same institution also forwarded 111 Newfoundland specimens, courtesy Professor M. L. Fernald, an important set, rich in this author’s own species; Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford, England, Dr. J. Burtt Davy, 94 herbarium specimens of interesting woody plants; University of California, 125 desirable North American specimens; Freré Marie Victorin, Laboratoire de Botanique, Uni- versité de Montreal, 262 herbarium specimens of rare or little known JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 245 Quebec plants; 3 specimens of palm seeds from Madagascar, sent by the Station Agricole of Tamatave. The accessions of the herbarium credited to expeditions are as follows: Dr. A. Weberbauer collected 587 specimens in extreme northern Peru under the Captain Marshall Field Fund, in continuation of the botanical exploration work commenced in 1922. Further details _ regarding this accession are given under the heading Expeditions. Miss Frances Ames of the Borden-Field Museum Alaska-Arctic Expedition collected 107 well prepared specimens of Alaskan plants. Associate Curator of Geology H. W. Nichols and Mr. H. Eggers secured 14 plant specimens from high altitudes in the Chilean Andes on the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition. Mr. C. 8. Sewall and Assistant Curator A. C. Weed of the Raw- son-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of Field Museum obtained 446 specimens in 1926 and Mr. Sewall secured 256 plants from Labrador in 1927. Associate Curator of Paleontology Elmer S. Riggs contributed 29 plants collected by him in Argentina during 1925-1927 on the Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Argentina and Bolivia. The Captain Marshall Field Madagascar Expedition contributed a specimen of Raphia ruffia. Professor S. Langdon of Oxford University secured on the Field Museum-Oxford University Joint Expedition to Mesopotamia some ancient wheat kernels found in a painted jar excavated at Jemdet Nazr. As usual, the yearly purchases were of collections either signifi- cant because of the rarity of the plants or their inadequate repre- sentation in the herbarium. For such reasons 121 specimens, partly consisting of packets of seeds, of British West Indian woody plants were purchased from Mr. W. E. Broadway, Port of Spain, Trinidad, British West Indies. The purchases of the year added a number of very much desired collections from tropical parts of the world and especially from South America. Among the most noteworthy may be mentioned 500 sheets of Brazilian plants prepared by the famous collector, Dusén, a most important acquisition; 700 herbarium specimens collected by Mr. Carlos Schunke of La Merced, Peru, from the foothills of the eastern Andes, a region more tropical and Amazonian in character of vege- 246 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpoRTS, VOL. VII tation than Andean, but nevertheless a collection that ultimately will be of scientific value when a more complete knowledge of the sub-tropical flora of the region makes practical its critical study; 438 Haitian specimens collected by Mr. E. C. Leonard of the United States National Museum; 470 Chilean plants collected by Dr. E. Werderman, in continuation of his botanical explorations of that country; 197 New Guinea specimens collected by Mr. R. Schlechter, an important series; 150 Bolivian plants collected by Mr. J. Steinbach; 600 sheets of Michigan and Illinois flora collected by Dr. H. R. Clayberg, useful in building up the local herbarium; 330 Wash- ington plants collected by Mr. J. M. Grant; 1,000 Oregon plants col- lected by Professor M. E. Peck, and 390 from California and other states collected by Mr. A. A. Heller; 229 specimens from Uruguay collected by Dr. G. Herter, in continuation of recent collections; 100 Mexican Gulf Coast plants collected by Mr. F. C. Seymour; 50 _ cryptogams, continuing a series from Mr. G. K. Merrill. GEOLOGY.—Accessions were received by the Department of Geology during the year from 55 different individuals and institu- tions. Of these, 44 were received by gift, three by exchange, three by purchase and five from Museum expeditions. The total number of new specimens received and catalogued from these accessions was 1,391. Of these, 1,031 were from Museum expeditions, the re- mainder from gifts, exchanges and purchases. Among the gifts, Mr. William J. Chalmers gave evidence of continued generous interest by enlarging the collection of crystallized minerals by the gift of 63 specimens. These are all of fine quality and represent both a num- ber of rare species and new localities. Some of the specimens in this series, such as orthoclase from Madagascar and spodumene from California, were of gem quality and illustrate the use of these minerals for gem purposes. Some of the rarer species also repre- sented in the specimens presented are: argento-jarosite, Utah; beni- toite, California; demantoid, Italy; eosphorite, Maine; eudialyte, Kola Peninsula; hillebrandite, Mexico; melilite, Mexico; purpurite, Maine; crystallized rose quartz, Maine. One of the specimens pre- sented by Mr. Chalmers is of unusual size and beauty. It consists of seven large crystals of tourmaline of the ‘‘watermelon’”’ type enclosed in a matrix of quartz. Several small donations from indi- viduals afforded appreciable additions to the Higinbotham Hall collections. Among these were a fine specimen of rainbow quartz and another of phantom quartz from Mr. Francis M. Arnold. A pendant of polished amber containing a fossil spider, presented by JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 247 Mr. S. C. Simms, attractively illustrates the use of this material in jewelry. Miss Ellen H. Douglass presented a beautiful set of earved pink coral consisting of bracelet, breastpin, and earrings. They are of value not only for the unusually fine quality of the coral, but also for the beauty of the design and the skill with which it has been executed. These were cut in Italy in 1850. Several specimens of polished jasper, kinradite and chrysoprase presented by Mr. William B. Pitts, are also interesting additions to the exhibit of semi-precious stones. A series of nineteen photographs given by Mr. A. K. Coomaraswamy, affords interesting illustrations of the methods of gem mining in Ceylon. Through the Imperial Japanese Commission to the Philadelphia Sesquicentennial Exposition the Association of Mine Owners, Tokyo, Japan, presented 26 specimens of the gold, silver, copper, tungsten and iron ores of Japan. The specimens are from repre- sentative Japanese localities and are of sufficiently large size so that they fully illustrate the nature of the occurrences. They help to fill a gap in the ore collections, as the ores of Japan had hitherto been but little represented here. Mr. George H. Adamson presented a specimen of metallic beryllium which well illustrates the properties of this rarely prepared substance. A large specimen of oil sand, weighing 450 pounds, and measuring 36x24x14 inches, obtained from an oil-bearing stratum at a depth of 110 feet at Electra, Texas, and believed to be one of the largest specimens of oil-bearing sand ever mined, was presented by Mr. Roy B. Jones. The Standard Oil Company (Indiana) added to the specimens of petroleum products which they had previously presented, four speci- mens of wax, 51 specimens of decorative candles and 20 specimens of refined oils. While some of these specimens were furnished for the purpose of replacing similar products which had deteriorated, the greater part represent new products which have important uses. A large specimen of sphagnum from Esthonia presented by Mr. Marcus Stow Hill illustrates the material from which the great beds of peat spread over thousands of acres in that country are chiefly formed. From the United States National Museum, a large and important series of fossil plants was received by exchange. This series numbered 251 specimens. Through the courtesy of the National Museum, Dr. Dahlgren was permitted to select for this exchange such specimens as showed especially well features desirable as models in making restorations of the flora of that period. Many of the specimens fur- nished were of large size and show in detail the characters of the 248 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—-REPORTS, VOL. VII leading plant groups of the Carboniferous period. Another valuable feature of this accession consists in the fact that all specimens are fully labelled as to genus, species and locality, most of the identifi- cations having been made by such well-known authorities as David White and the late Leo Lesquereux. Representative specimens of the very rare Cincinnati and Garraf meteorites were obtained by exchange, thus adding to the meteorite collection one new fall and an adequate specimen of one which had hitherto been imperfectly represented. A large specimen, weighing about 75 pounds, of the fossil coral Syringopora, was obtained by exchange from Mr. Her- man Lieberz. Specimens of raw and treated ‘‘Zonolite,”’ received by exchange from the University of Arizona, give a good representation of this interesting mineral which has been found to possess properties of commercial value. A considerable portion of the skeleton of a Mastodon, including ~ skull, tusks, lower jaws and 31 other bones and fragments was ob- tained by purchase from the finder. The place of find of this indivi- dual was near Rensselaer, Indiana. The skull, tusks and other characters show it to have been a young male. Of especial interest is the well-preserved dentition, showing the nearly worn-out milk teeth and permanent molars forming to replace them. An unusually large specimen of an ammonite of the genus Prionotropis, from Kan- sas, with the original pearly luster of the shell almost perfectly preserved, was also obtained by purchase. Three stalagmites of an unusual character from a cave in Italy complete the list of specimens obtained by purchase. : From Museum expeditions a considerable number of specimens was received, mostly through the arrivals of collections made at an earlier period. From the Third Asiatic Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History with Field Museum cooperating, 94 specimens of vertebrate fossils which had been prepared and identified by courtesy of the American Museum of Natural History were re- ceived. These specimens were from Mongolia and Szechuen, China. They include 38 specimens of fossil Glires, 28 specimens of fossil Artiodactyls, 16 specimens of fossil Perissodactyls, 2 specimens fossil Insectivora, 3 specimens fossil Notoungulata, 4 specimens fossil Carnivora and 3 specimens fossil Proboscidea. There were also re- ceived from the American Museum of Natural History’s Mongolian collections a number of fragments of the shells of eggs of Protocera- tops and of another dinosaur, and of those of the giant ostrich, Struthiolithus. These illustrate in an interesting way the variations JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 249 of shell markings in the eggs of different species. From the collections made by the Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Argentina, 38 boxes of fossils were received during the year. These are largely Pleistocene fossils of the Pampean formations and re- present 61 field numbers. They include nearly complete skeletons of the great ground sloths Glossotherium, Scelidodon and Mega- therium and less complete ones of Glyptodon, the saber-tooth tiger, South American Mastodon, and of fossil horses, llamas and rodents. The remainder of the specimens collected by Associate Curator Nichols as a member of the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expe- dition of 1926 were received during the year. These totalled 308 specimens, chiefiy from localities in Chile and Bolivia.. The speci- mens from Chile include the following: a suite of specimens from the remarkable iron mountain mined by an American company at Tofo; an exceptionally complete series of ores and rocks from the large porphyry copper deposit at Poterillos, as well as invertebrate fossils which occur in the vicinity; numerous specimens of brilliantly colored copper minerals from the important copper mines at Chuqui- camata, seldom found elsewhere as they are of such a nature that they can exist only in a desert country; specimens from the Chilean nitrate fields which include several varieties of the nitrates and of the interesting associated minerals and guanos; sulphur from Chilean volcanoes, borax from lakes whose waters are impregnated with emanations from the volcanoes, and native alums, which result from the action of volcanic gases and waters upon the lavas; a variety of ores from smaller mines of the same region; a series of speci- mens illustrating such desert phenomena as desert varnish, sand- polished pebbles and salt incrustations; and among the latter, of special interest, a cake of salt about two inches thick which shows a small plant growing through it. The collections from Bolivia con- sist largely of ores and minerals from the large tin deposits at Caracolles and Atocha and the rich tin and silver mines of Oruro, Llallagua and Potosi. Besides the ores, this series includes many choice mineral specimens. Such complete collections of choice specimens were made possible by the hearty cooperation of the Chilean and Bolivian representatives of Guggenheim Brothers and the Anaconda Copper Company. Sixty specimens of minerals and rocks were collected by the Curator in Maine. These specimens include a crystal of beryl one foot in diameter, several crystals of the so-called ‘“‘watermelon”’ 250 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REportTs, Vou. VII tourmalines, crystallized spodumene and orthoclase and some mas- sive topaz. From the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Madagascar there was received for the gem collection a mass of transparent, green aquamarine weighing 4,770 carats. This is all of gem quality and if cut as a single stone would undoubtedly afford one of the largest gem aquamarines known. ZOOLOGY.—Zoological specimens were accessioned to the number of 14,684 as against 14,689 in 1926 and 11,453 in 1925. The propor- tion of vertebrates is unusually large, and the total for these is 13,386. The accessions are divided as follows: Mammals, 2,903; birds, 3,666; bird’s eggs, 14; fishes, 4,012; reptiles and amphibians, 2,791; skeletons, 22; insects, 1,094; mollusks, 204. The number obtained by museum expeditions is 12,555 and the num-_ ber by gift is 1,249. | Among the gifts of mammals are two specimens of the Scottish Red Deer and the head of a so-called ‘‘Cromie,” a peculiar variant of the Red Deer found mainly or exclusively on the island of Jura, Scotland. These were obtained through the interest and generosity of Lord Astor. A Black Rhinoceros skin from Tanganyika Territory, Africa, presented by Mr. John Wentworth of Chicago, is one of the year’s outstanding gifts. An important and valuable gift of mammals was made by Mr. Harold A. White of New York, who was for a few days in touch with the Abyssinian Expedition while in the field. It comprises a number of Abyssinian mammals, 8 Mountain Nyalas, including one large male with horns nearly of record size, 6 Black Bushbucks, 2 Abyssinian Duikers, 1 Oribi, 1 Abyssinian Wolf, and the skull of an Aard Vark. Other gifts of mammals include 2 Chinchillas, presented by Mr. M. F. Chapman of Inglewood, California; a rare West African Pigmy Antelope, from Miss Josephine Hammond of Wheaton, Illinois; and the skull of a Least Weasel, representing the first record of that animal from Illinois, from Mr. Tappan Gregory of Chicago. Large and important accessions of mammals were received from various museum expeditions, detailed account of which is given elsewhere. Among the most noteworthy individual specimens was the fine White Rhinoceros secured by the Conover-Everard African Expedition, which also obtained many smaller mammals new to the Museum’s collections. Among these was an exceptionally large example of the Yellow-backed Duiker, a series of the antelope known as the Lechwe, and besides many small Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate KXX CEREMONIAL SILK DRESS OF MONGOL WOMAN FROM URGA Complete with jewelry studded with turquoise and coral Presented by Mrs. Charles B. Goodspeed, 1927 Modeling of head by John G. Prasuhn West Gallery (Hall 34) . yea ne : als rea a JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 251 rodents, a wide variety of the insectivorous mammals called elephant shrews. The Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition extended its field into Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina, obtaining material for four groups of large mammals, and important series of smaller animals including much needed representatives of species discovered there by Darwin but not duplicated since in any American museum. The largest single accession of mammals came from the Field Mu- -seum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition with a total of 1,839 specimens, constituting by far the largest existing collection from this region. Outstanding large mammals included are the Mountain Nyala, Abyssinian Ibex, Abyssinian Red Wolf, Gelada Baboon, Grevy’s Zebra, Defassa Waterbuck and Northern Roan Antelope. The collection of smaller mammals is practically ex- haustive for the localities visited, and preliminary examination indicates that careful study will reveal a number of heretofore un- known species. The Borden-Field Museum Alaska-Arctic Expedi- tion yielded exceptionally fine material for a group of the gigantic Alaska Brown Bear, and also obtained fine specimens of the Polar Bear, the Pacific Walrus, and the Bearded Seal. Additional speci- mens of the Alaska Brown Bear were obtained by the Alexander H. Revell-Field Museum Alaskan Expedition. A further consign- ment of 270 mammals from Asia was received from the Third Asiatic Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History. Through the kind cooperation of Colonel J. C. Faunthorpe, 36 large mammals from India were obtained for proposed habitat groups. An important exchange with the British Museum resulted in the accession of 297 specimens of small and medium-sized mammals from Asia, Africa and South America, mostly belonging to species not heretofore repre- sented in American museums. In all, the accessions of mammals for the year are gratifying both in point of numbers and in quality. They represent an increase in the entire collection of about ten per cent. Mr. C. Suydam Cutting of New York madea unique and highly prized gift consisting of 108 paintings and field studies of birds and mammals made by the late Louis Agassiz Fuertes in Abyssinia. Thanks are also due to Mrs. Margaret Sumner Fuertes for offering the first option on this valuable collection to Mr. Cutting for the purpose of presentation to the Museum. The careful studies made directly from nature in the field are of much scientific value, and the many finished paintings represent the latest and perhaps the finest examples of the artist’s work, altogether furnishing a most interesting 252 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistoRY—REPORTS, Vou. VII and priceless adjunct to the large collections of Abyssinian animals now possessed by the Museum. Mr. Cutting also presented some 8,000 feet of finished motion picture film taken by himself in Abyssinia. Accessions of birds were principally from Museum expeditions. Out of 3,664 birdskins or birds in the flesh which were accessions, 3,348 came from expeditions. The largest accession, consisting of 2,090 specimens, was from the Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition. This collection is widely representative, and is the most important single lot of African birds ever received at the Museum. It contains many rarities and novelties, a full enumeration of which will be possible only after detailed study. African birds to the number of 905, exclusive of those deposited in the Conover collection, were obtained by the Conover-Everard Expedition. The Borden-Field Museum Alaska-Arctic Expediton secured 111 birds, mostly water birds especially selected and prepared for exhibition purposes. Among the 526 birds collected by the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition was one of great rarity, a small bird known as a Reed Runner (Limnoctites rectirostris) and often referred to as “Darwin’s Lost Bird’? because Darwin’s original specimens, discovered some 75 years ago, had never been duplicated. Another rare South American bird, a racket-tailed hummingbird (Loddigesia) was obtained by exchange. The Conover collection of game birds, deposited in the Museum, received numerous additions during the year, and has now reached a total of more than 6,000 specimens belonging to some 700 species. Its relative size is measured by the fact that in most general collections of birds the proportion of game birds is only about five per cent. The total accessions of reptiles and amphibians amount to 2,791 specimens, of which 474 were gifts, 59 were received in exchange, 216 were purchased, and 2,042 were obtained by museum expeditions. Important gifts include 122 specimens from Cuba, Africa, and south- eastern Asia, from Dr. Thomas Barbour; 89 from Mr. Axel A. Olsson, Peru; 40 from Colegio San Pedro Nolasco, Santiago, Chile; 20 from Mr. Oscar Adam, Iguazu Falls, Argentina; 95 from Mr. F. J. W. Schmidt, Stanley, Wisconsin; and 44 from Mr. A. I. Orten- burger, Norman, Oklahoma. The principal purchase was of 139 specimens from Porto Rico. The number of fishes accessioned was 4,012, of which three were gifts, one was purchased, and 4,008 were obtained by Museum expe- tions. The specimen purchased was an African Lung-fish, a member JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 253 of an interesting but now very limited group of fishes, the ancestore of which are found as fossils in ancient Paleozoic rocks. As its name implies, this fish has a cellular air-bladder analogous in function to a lung. A very large proportion of the fishes received came from the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition which collected no less than 3,997 specimens, mainly in Uruguay. Although this collection has not yet been studied, cursory examination reveals that it contains many species new to the Museum’s collection and otherwise very - desirable. The number of insects accessioned was 1,094, of which two were received by exchange, 482 from Museum expeditions, and 585 from various donors. Among the donations worthy of mention was a small but valuable collection of 192 gall insects and 126 insect galls which were presented by Dr. Alfred C. Kinsey. This collection is especially desirable in that it contains 35 authoritatively named species representing 111 paratypes, and the 126 galls illustrate the peculiar plant growth caused by 93 species of gall insects. From Mrs. Irma B. Coale there was received as a gift a series of 205 butterflies and moths from Japan and Paraguay. Through the Rawson-Mac- Millan Subarctic Expedition 302 insects were obtained from the eastern United States, Nova Scotia, Labrador, and Baffin Land. The Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition collected 86 desir- able specimens of insects in South America, and among the 58 insects from the Conover-Everard Expedition were interesting species new to the Museum’s collection. Accessions of invertebrates other than insects included 204 specimens. Of this number, an octopus was donated by Mr. George M. Kendall; 140 were shells from the northwest coast of West Australia, presented by Mr. J. F. Connelly, Perth, West Australia; and 63 were obtained by Museum expeditions. DEPARTMENTAL CATALOGUING, INVENTORYING AND LABELING ANTHROPOLOGY.—The work of cataloguing in the Department of Anthropology has been continued as usual during the past year, the number of catalogue cards prepared totaling 5,994. These cards written for accessions received during the year are distributed geographically as follows: North American archaeology and ethnology, 14; Mexican, Central and South American archae- ology and ethnology, 281; Australian ethnology, 439; Egyptian 254 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII archaeology, 12; Mesopotamian archaeology, 12; prehistoric archae- ology of Europe, 20; archaeology and ethnology of China, Mongolia, and Japan, 24; Edward E. Ayer pewter collection, 23; physical anthropology, 24. Total, 849. The following cards were prepared this year for accessions re- ceived previous to 1927: North American archaeology and ethnology, 204; Mexican and South American archaeology and ethnology, 1,391; African ethnology, 1,552; Egyptian archaeology, 727; prehistoric archaeology of Europe, 890; archaeology and ethnology of China, Tibet, and Borneo, 378; physical anthropology, 3. Total, 5,145. Of the total of 5,994 catalogue cards prepared, 5,502 have been entered in the inventory books, which now number 46. The number of annual accessions amounts to 55, of which 29 have been entered. Fifteen accessions from previous years were also en- tered. The total number of catalogue cards entered from the opening of the first volume is 175,307. More than 6,000 labels for use in exhibition cases were prepared, and for the greater part installed, during the year, the number of labels supplied by the printer amounting to 6,679. These labels are distributed as follows: ethnology of Californian Indians, 2,178; Eskimo, 99; archaeology of Mexico, 73; ethnology and archaeology of South America, 1,193; archaeology of China, 450; New Guinea masks, 10; ethnology of Africa, 2,226; ethnology of Madagascar, 75; physical anthropology, 375; total 6,679. The Department was further supplied by the printer with 7,400 catalogue cards, 4,000 identification cards for the trays and cabinets containing skulls and skeletal material, 5,000 forms for recording anthropological measurements in the field, 185 location maps for use in exhibition cases, and 1,250 case numbers. To the depart- mental albums 363 photographs were added. | BOTANY.—The new entries made in the accession catalogue of the Department of Botany numbered 8,340 during the year, bringing the total up to 570,729. The Card Index of Collectors received 188 new cards and now totals 11,159. Sixteen new geogra- phical index cards were added, increasing the total to 3,009. For the classified index of the specimens in the economic collec- tions many thousand new cards were written and filed. A large part of the material in the economic reference and storage collections, hitherto identified only by catalogue numbers, was supplied with (88 I@H) eH weyerH yy ysoudoy qoqqy “a “¢ Aq paivdorg soyoul gg ‘sMul puv []NHS JO FYSIOF] *q09J g ‘Sysnq pues |[Nys Jo YysUeT vueipuy ‘tAV Junoy NOCGOLSVW FAIVW DNOOA AO SMVE AGNV TIOXS ——— | IXXX 9*Id ‘ITA “IOA ‘s}10doyy A104S1HI [PINIEN JO UNOSNIA! PINT JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 255 labels and card indexed during the year. Labels were written for some 1,500 wood specimens in the reference collection, and for about 20,000 Yucatan and other duplicates, intended for exchange, in the herbarium. Descriptive labels were written for all new installations in the exhibition halls, and some diagrams showing chemical composition -and distribution maps were prepared for various economic exhibits. GroLocy.—The total number of specimens catalogued during the year in the Department of Geology was 2,415, making a total of 179,897 now recorded. Of those catalogued during the year, the largest number were invertebrate fossils of the Borden collection, the identification and recording of which has been continued as opportunity permitted. From this collection and some other small accessions of invertebrate fossils, 1,003 specimens were entered dur- ing the year. Another large series catalogued during 1927 was that of the entire geological collections made by the Rawson-Mac- Millan Subarctic Expedition of 1926. These numbered 580 speci- mens. The cataloguing of the geological collections made by the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition of 1926, numbering 308 specimens, was also completed. These were chiefly specimens from Chile and Bolivia, those obtained in Brazil and Uruguay by this expedition having been recorded in 1926. All of the specimens from this expedition entered this year were not only catalogued and num- bered, but were also checked against the field notes and provided with temporary labels. Other series catalogued were those of 63 mineral specimens presented by Mr. William J. Chalmers, 60 collected by the Curator in Maine, and 103 specimens of the vertebrate fossils col- lected by the Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Argentina. In order to have more complete and accurate data on hand regarding the more important gem specimens in the Higin- botham Hall collection, 120 of these were weighed and measured and the results recorded. Those so catalogued included the larger dia- monds, all the emeralds, and the larger sapphires, aquamarines, beryls, topazes, amethysts, citrines, and rock crystals. Successful efforts were made to complete the mounting in the departmental albums of the photographic prints received during the year. In this work 623 prints were classified and mounted. The larger number of these were from photographs made by the Asso- ciate Curator in South America in the previous year, or pre- sented to him by residents of that continent. Another large series 256 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII was one of 181 prints of geological photographs made by the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition. In most cases, all prints mounted were labeled fully. The total number of prints preserved is now 5,871, and they are mounted in 15 albums. To the series of United States Geological Survey topographic maps on file, 82 were added during the year, making a total of 3,145 of these maps now available for reference. As in previous cases, brief descriptive labels were filed with the maps newly added to the series. The decision that was reached early in the year to change the color of the label stock from black to buff necessitated the reprinting of many labels as exhibits were newly installed. Labels printed for this purpose and installed during the year numbered 287. These were chiefly for two cases of concretions and one of peat products. In addition, 50 miscellaneous labels were printed and installed, mak- ing a total of 307 labels. These were all that were received from the printer during the year. In some cases, where printed labels could not be furnished, temporary typewritten labels were installed. The number of these, together with those for which copy was written during the year, amounted to 584. Two descriptive labels, one for the brickyard model and one for the relief map of the Niagara river, were written. Of these, that of the brickyard model was printed and installed. A complete series of labels giving the grouping of each meteorite according to the Berwerth classification, was made for the study collection of iron meteorites, numbering 300 specimens. These labels were filed with the specimens. ZOOLOGY.—Regular cataloguing of specimens in the Department of Zoology proceeded at an increased rate, but owing to the large number of accessions, much of this work remains to be done. The total number of regular entries was 9,673 as against 6,327 in 1926 and 6,079 in 1925. They were distributed as follows: mammals, 1,600; birds, 4,213; fishes, 905; reptiles and amphibians, 2,832; skeletons, 23; insects, 100. Specimens of mammals have been numbered as catalogued so far as possible, but skulls cannot be numbered until after they are cleaned, and several thousand of these have not received numbers. Birds and mammals from museum expeditions are supplied with permanent labels by the collectors, but those from other sources require new labels. Such labels have been supplied during the year to some 2,000 birds and to a small number of mammals. Con- JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 257 siderable further work of this kind remains to be done. Labeling and numbering of reptiles and amphibians has kept pace with the accessioning of them, and is nearly up to date. On account of pressure of other work, labeling of fishes and insects has received only slight attention. Exhibition labels were prepared and installed for five mammal groups, and for fourteen single specimens. Exhibition labels were also made for 68 paintings of birds and mammals. Black labels on seven screens of fishes were replaced by new ones of light color. Label copy was prepared for 335 species of butterflies intended for exhibition. Photographic prints were mounted in the departmental albums to the number of 632. The total number of prints now in the albums is 7,186. The state of the catalogues at the end of the year is as follows: Total of Number of entries to Entries Total of record books Dec. 31, during cards 1927... 1927 written Department of Anthropology .. 46 175,307 5,502 176,608 Department of Botany ....... 63 570,729 8,340 11,159 Department of Geology ...... 26 179,897 2,415 6,872 Department of Zoology ....... 46 134,518 9,673 40,306 MEAT eek de bce 16 175,262 9,146 366,082 INSTALLATIONS, REARRANGEMENTS AND PERMANENT IMPROVEMENTS ANTHROPOLOGY.—The activity of the Department of Anthro- pology during the year under review was largely centered on the completion of the California Hall, the installation of which was inaugurated last year, and the installation of African ethnology for the proposed African Hall. A total of 70 exhibition cases were installed, distributed as follows: Cases SHLTLLES? TPP SIG TS BU 98 Ca a eg Pea cA Pe a 4 Howard eH. and Hmma B. Ayer Hall... . 2.02.6... cece ce ee ees il Brine MEM Cay Cr Tal] Qi a cy Me lO ek NU re ee 7 SSE) BIL TYRE AR SU NA SR ESTES GO mae eae 1 Bernese Cel AIG) viviy ia teri iam a acs h ran unl Te ie 8 EERE. og be CEN BUG IATA SG UC 14 PeErE Oye ayer cin Ui I a ee i eS a eC 35 MIO tied ens ene hatte igainilic a VN aa a ek ao 70 Two novel technical features have been introduced: the former black screens and black label cards with type set off in aluminum have 258 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII been abandoned, and are replaced with light-colored screens and a label card corresponding in color printed with black type. Through long experiments it has been determined that this scheme is best suited for the halls with artificial lighting. A new and better method of arranging objects on screens has also been inaugurated. Instead of spreading objects out in horizontal rows the entire length of the screen, a plan of panel arrangement has been devised by which the screen is divided, as dictated by the requirements of the exhibit, into three, four or more vertical panels, somewhat like the columns of a newspaper. In this manner it is easier to single out groups or types that belong together, or, wherever archaeological periods areinvolved, to accentuate developments in time sequences. Labeling and position of labels are also facilitated under this plan, and the exhibits become more “‘readable.’”’ Examples of this new method may be viewed in Case 12 of Stanley Field Hall and in a case of Chinese metal mirrors recently installed. Four notable additions were made to Stanley Field Hall. A selection of 222 pieces from the collection of archaic Chinese jades presented last year by Mrs. George T. Smith, Mrs. John J. Borland, Miss K. S. Buckingham, and Messrs. Martin A. Ryerson, Julius Rosenwald, Otto C. Doering, and Martin C. Schwab, has been in- stalled in Case 12 of Stanley Field Hall. The upper compartment has been arranged in three panels showing ceremonial swords, knives, and daggers; large disks; and ceremonial weapons. The lower compartment illustrates decorated girdle-ornaments, carvings of ox- heads, figures of tigers, hares, birds, tortoises, snake, alligator, dolphins, fishes, insects, charms, and implements, laid out in twelve panels. A gray art-linen has been chosen for mounting the back- ground of this exhibit which is explained by 110 labels. The Magdalenian skeleton from Cap-Blanc has been exhibited in an A-shaped case which was placed on view in Stanley Field Hall for several months. The exhibit is enlivened and rendered very instruc- tive by a series of flint implements from the Upper Paleolithic of France and by photographs illustrating the rock-shelter where the skeleton was discovered, and the frieze of horses carved on the wall of the cave. A selection of Mr. John Borden’s Eskimo collection has been dis- played in an A-shaped ‘case in Stanley Field Hall. The exhibits embrace jade adzes from Cape Prince of Wales; jade adze-heads from Point Hope; copper arrowheads, a copper and an iron knife, and a specimen of native copper from which needles are made, from Victoria a azIS [vIn}BU YQsLJ-AZUeA4 oUO ynOGYy SIOHEAMA "T UOT Aq 038}908-aSO[NIIe0 UT UOToNpoIday SNINV LOdOddIH I1XXX 91d ‘ITA “IOA ‘s}10dexy AIOASIFT [VINQEN JO wnosny, PLT JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 259 Land, northern Canada; bone arrowheads and decorated bone needle-cases from the same area; four wooden masks, carved ivory driil-bows, ivory tobacco-pipes, and walrus tusks engraved with scenes; further, ivory human and animal figures, fish-hooks, har- poons, ice-picks, toggles, and toys. At the end of the year a selection of Madagascar material brought here by Assistant Curator Linton was installed in Stanley Field Hall as a temporary exhibit. Examples are shown of the best native weaving in wild and domestic silk, bast and raffia, and a num- ber of small objects including silver-mounted snuff-bottles from the Imerina tribe, wood-carvings of the Mahafaly tribe, brass work of the Bara tribe, and native jewelry, including a gold necklace which formerly was the property of a queen of the Sakalava in the northern part of the island. New labels on buff cards were prepared for Case 11 (antiquities of Benin) in Stanley Field Hall. The Roman bronze table from Boscoreale with seven associated bronze vessels and two glass pitchers, formerly shown in Stanley Field Hall, has been reinstalled and placed in Edward E. and Emma B. Ayer Hall. 7 The reinstallation of collections from the California Indians in Hall 6 has been completed by Assistant Curator Strong according to the plan outlined in the 1926 Report (p. 79). Eight additional cases have been placed on exhibition, containing clothing, games, household utensils, baskets, fishing implements, ceremonial and war equipment of the Klamath, Hupa, Yurok, Yokut and Pomo tribes. The total number of standard exhibition cases devoted to Californian ethnology now amounts to seventeen. All these exhibits are com- pletely labeled and illustrated by photographs. The installation of Hall 9 devoted to South America was con- tinued in the beginning of the year by Assistant Curator Thompson. The remainder of the Calchaqui archaeological collection from Ar- gentina was placed on exhibition. This collection is the finest repre- senting this culture in the United States, and, with the exception of collections in Argentina, it may be safely said, in the world. A case of Inca pottery and stone work, which for lack of space had not previously been exhibited in this building, was added to Hall 9. Very interesting material from graves at Ancon, Peru, was reinstalled on light screens. A beginning was made with the reinstallation of the ethnological section, a case containing material from British Guiana being reinstalled in the newly adopted style. This work was con- tinued by Assistant Curator McGovern at the end of the year, who 260 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ReEporTS, VOL. VII took charge of the installation of two cases of Gran Chaco ethnology, illustrating dress, personal ornaments and equipment for securing and preparing food. In Hall 8, now devoted exclusively to Mexican and Central Ameri- can anthropology, a case of Casas Grandes pottery was placed on exhibit. Casas Grandes culture, situated in the state of Chihuahua, northern Mexico, marks a local southern development of the Pueblo cultures of the Southwest of the United States. The exhibit em- braces two collections, one donated by Mr. Homer E. Sargent, the other presented to the Museum through General Pershing by Cap- tains Wright and Cooper. Several important additions were made to the East and West Galleries. The collection of South Chinese beadwork presented by Mrs. George T. Smith last year (1926 Report, p. 38) has been installed in a screen case. This unique collection consists of a large. series of bead-embroidered money-belts, money-bags, pouches, spec- tacle-cases, slippers, bed-ornaments, and patterns for dresses. Archaic Chinese sacrificial bronze vessels and implements of the Bronze Age were effectively reinstalled in accordance with the newly adopted standard. To the former case has been added a series of rubbings taken by Chinese from famous ancient bronzes, at which they are unsurpassed masters. The great Chinese religious drama showing the ten purgatories formerly distributed over four cases has been installed in a built-in case at the south end of Hall 32. The entire performance is now concentrated in a single case divided into seven compartments. In Cases 32 and 33 of Hall 32 new-style labels have been substituted for the old ones. The dress of a Mongol woman with her jewelry, presented by Mrs. Charles B. Goodspeed, has been installed on a figure, and is shown together with another set of Mongol jewelry obtained by Dr. Laufer in 1910 on the Blackstone Expedition. During the year under review 35 cases of African ethno- logical material have been installed by Assistant Curator Hambly. Thirteen of these cases contain the extensive Cameroon collection acquired a few years ago and now installed for the first time. The remaining cases are reinstallations, but the material contained in these was carefully gone over, sifted, and selected with discrimination. The grouping of cases is geographical, the main divisions being Cameroon (18 cases), West Africa in general (3 cases), Benin (2 cases), the Congo Basin (4 cases), Angola (1 case), Southeast Africa (4 cases), Kenya Colony (4 cases), Somaliland and the eastern Sudan (4 cases). Within these broad geographical areas the material has JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 261 been arranged according to tribes whose industries, household tasks, religious beliefs, and magical practices have been illustrated more or less completely as far as the material available permits. By exhibiting in a special case three life-size figures of Cameroon medicine-men with their equipment, prominence has been given to magical rites which are fundamental in primitive society. In the Cameroon section Cases 1 and 2 illustrate masks and wooden figures, which are closely associ- ated with the religious life of many tribes within this area. Wooden _ masks and head-ornaments are indispensable paraphernalia used during ceremonial dances of secret societies, initiation lodges, and other tribal functions. Among the wooden effigies of human beings is one of particular interest, namely the doorkeeper, an image placed at the entrance to a small hut where the chief’s skull is buried. In Case 3 skin-covered heads are of exceptional interest; for these, when not in use as part of a dancer’s costume, are carefully concealed in small houses away from the sight of women. On the reverse side of the screen in this case have been arranged a series of articles, such as fibre costume, gong, pipe and staff, which are used by a reigning chief when celebrating the ceremony known as feeding the ghost of a former chief. In Cases 4 and 5 dealing with Came- roon warfare is displayed a variety of leather, wooden, and wicker shields. A richly carved war-canoe from Dualla is an unusual object, while ordinary equipment of men on the war-path is amply repre- sented by a variety of swords, daggers, spears, powder-flasks, life- preserving charms, clubs, bows and arrows, and also a very ancient type of flintlock gun. Household occupations of women are exhibited in Cases 6 and 7, showing bags, baskets, wooden bowls, gourds, and pottery. This domestic material is followed by a collection of fish- traps and small cross-bows used for shooting small birds. Case 8 contains a remarkably fine collection of beadwork including large gourds which serve for holding palm-wine, personal ornaments, and grotesque masks employed in death dances for driving away ghosts. Exhibitions of wood-carving (Cases 9 and 12) comprise several excel- lent examples of ornamental posts, window frames, and large upright drums. Handwork of many kinds is illustrated by objects assembled in Cases 10 and 11. Here may be found clothing, woven chiefly by men who use primitive looms; pipes of clay with beaded stems; carved staffs; ivory tusks; and ornamented drinking horns. Brass casting and iron work have received special attention, while artistic leather goods are exemplified by cushions, saddle-covers, and horse trappings. In proximity to the Cameroon collection are two cases of 262 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII valuable cast bronze and carved ivory illustrating the life and in- dustries of Benin, a city which has for several centuries been as famous for its works of art as it has been notorious for human sacrifice. Material from the Congo is scanty in relation to the enormous area drained by that river, but in spite of this obvious difficulty four cases, each representing one principal culture area, have been installed. Zulu life has been represented in relation to warfare and personal ornament, while a series of well-carved staffs is an attractive feature of this exhibit. A small area near Mount Kenya, visited by Carl Akeley in 1896 and subsequent years, has been dealt with in Cases 27-30 which present the warfare, hunting, handicrafts, and domestic work of the Masai, Akikuyu, and Wandorobo tribes. Finally the nomadic life of Somaliland and the Eastern Sudan is depicted in Cases 31-34 by a collection of equipment for camels, mats used in house- building, clothing, personal ornament, spears, swords, shields, bows and quivers. This section also contains a few objects from the Dinkas and Shilluks, who are Nilotic Negroes dwelling near the banks of the Upper White Nile. All African exhibits have been illustrated by photographs, sketches, and watercolors. Owing to building altera- tions on the ground floor it has as yet been impossible to open the African Hall. The cases installed have been temporarily stored in the clerestories and, as soon as conditions permit, will be arranged in the hall assigned to them. The collection of Japanese Surimono in Frank W. Gunsaulus Hall, a gift of Miss Helen C. Gunsaulus, was withdrawn from exhibition in the latter part of the year. As the coloring of these prints is of great delicacy and the pigments are apt to fade in course of time, it has been thought advisable in the interest of their preservation not to expose them any longer to the hazards of daylight. Four large port- folios have been specially made for these prints which are now kept in the Curator’s office, where they are accessible to students interested in the subject. Four cases in Higinbotham Hall (Gem Room) were cleaned, and the exhibits rearranged. Material in the Room of Physical Anthropology has been defi- nitely arranged and classified. Each row of cabinets has been provided with printed labels framed under glass specifying the geographical area and tribes involved. A study room for the use of students has been made available in Room 389. It is well furnished with large working-tables and well lighted. The walls are lined by exhibition cases in which is displayed JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 263 selected material from all parts of the world, with special regard to the needs of designers. They will find here neat baskets of the Ameri- can Indians, Mexican and Chinese pottery, Chinese bronzes, wood- carvings from Africa and Australia, and many other things. A series of skulls and skeletal material, and measuring instruments, are like- wise accessible in the room. The study room was frequented chiefly by students of physical anthropology such as Professor F. KE. Wood who made a thorough study of Philippine and Peruvian skulls; Dr. H. _ Gray from the Institute of Juvenile Research, who studied problems of head heights; Dr. T. Michelson of the Bureau of American Ethno- logy, who made a series of measurements upon Blackfoot crania; Dr. G. Bergfors of the Swedish Race-biological Institute at the University of Upsala, who studied the Polynesian collections of skulls; and Dr. G. A. Montelius, head of the Department of Dentistry at the Univer- sity of Minnesota, who examined Hopi skulls with special reference to teeth. Copies of all measurements and observations made by these scholars have been retained on the departmental files. The arrangement of the ancient Egyptian and Coptic textiles obtained for the Museum by Professor James H. Breasted in 1925 proved a complex task. As received from Egypt, the fabrics were mostly mounted on cardboard, and pieces that belong together had been frequently split up to make more units. Even when fragments of the same garment had been left together, they were in many cases assembled in quite hit-and-miss fashion. These fragments therefore had to be matched and rearranged to show the original make-up of the costumes from which they came. For better preservation, as well as to effect the necessary rearrangement, all fabrics and garments are being mounted on linen by a skillful seamstress engaged for this task. Material in all work-rooms and storage-rooms has been rear- ranged, and conditions improved. Room 380 has been cleared and set aside for study collections of African ethnology. Collections from India, Burma, and Ceylon were consolidated in Room 31. Room 66 was cleared, a new storage rack added to it, and it is now used for American Indian baskets. Material in Room 65 was rearranged; it now contains Chinese, Tibetan, Kish, and Egyptian antiquities. Re- arrangements were likewise made in the Poison Room on the fourth ~ floor. Thirteen frames were made for Chinese paintings, and these were framed under glass; one frame was made for a large wall-map of Africa to be posted in the African Hall. 264 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII Considerable progress has been made by Modeler Prasuhn on a miniature group of a Menangkabau village of Sumatra. Six granaries with elaborate carved and colored designs and a large community house were completed for this group. A head was modeled and cast for the figure of a Mongol woman, and four life-size casts were made for the huge New Guinea dance-masks to be shown in Stanley Field Hall. Modeler Prasuhn also took part in the electro-chemical treat- ment of bronzes. In the Repair Section of the Department 396 objects were repaired or restored as follows: 9 pieces of painted pottery and 38 pieces of plain pottery, bone, and stone from Kish; 197 pieces of Peruvian, 21 pieces of Calchaqui, and 155 pieces of Mexican pottery; 6 Chinese paintings, 33 Chinese bronzes and jades, 2 Tibetan statues, 8 objects of pewter, 8 Roman bronzes and 1 Egyptian alabaster vase; of ethno- logical material 27 African, 16 South American, and 12 Madagascar objects; and 8 bones. Seven Egyptian bronze figures and one Calchaqui bronze axe were cured of malignant patina, and 24 Egyptian fabrics were treated. A Chinese bronze vessel affected by malignant patina was restored by means of the electro-chemical process. A total of 10,910 identification numbers were marked on specimens. Forty-five exhibition cases were poisoned during the year. Material stored in the Poison Room was taken care of in the usual manner, and is in excellent condition. BoTANY.—In 1927 new interest was added to the exhibit of native plants in Stanley Field Hall by the support of the Wild Flower Preservation Society. This organization, which had given its en- dorsement to the undertaking during previous seasons, this year contributed financial aid. The Society, through its treasurer, Miss C. B. Neely, took an active interest by way of encouragement and helpful suggestions with the result that the exhibit was main- tained by the Assistant Curator of Taxonomy even more success- fully than during 1924 and 1926, as described and illustrated in the Annual Reports for those years. Among the several thousand specimens exhibited, representing about 300 species of wild flow- ers found within a radius of 50 miles of the city limits, special mention may be made of such rarities (for the district) as the Pitcher Plant, the White, Yellow and Showy Lady’s Slipper, the Grass Pink and Pogonia, three species of Fringed Orchids, Ladies’ Tresses, the Cranberry plant in fruit, the curious Indian Pipe and the related red-colored Pine Drops—all worth knowing by their common JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 265 names at least. That the exhibit served as a means of interesting city children and their parents in our native plants was obvious from the attention it attracted and the inquiries it prompted. A widespread interest in our native plants is a prerequisite to the success of all efforts to secure their conservation. Many of the rarer species were replaced where collected, in most cases on private property. Special thanks in this connection is due to Mr. Ralph B. Bradford and Miss Mary Bremer, Gary, Indiana, owners of Dune Forest, Porter, Indiana, and to Mr. William A. Wirts and his associates, Mr. A. P. Melton and Mr. C. R. Kuss, proprietors of Dunes Acres, Inc., at Mineral Springs, Indiana. The latter property, especially, harbors certain species found nowhere else in the vicinity of Chicago, and the private club that owns it is to be congratulated on conserving the natural vege- tation. Some hundreds of labels printed during the year have been placed, and many new specimens have been added to the exhibits. The most important single new exhibit is a Tucum Palm from Dutch Guiana, secured by the Stanley Field Guiana Expedition of 1922. This well- preserved dried specimen has found a place in a special case in the center of Hall 25. It consists of essentially the entire top of the tree with its crown of spiny leaves among which may be seen an unopened flower spadix and a cluster of fruit projecting in characteristic fashion. The terminal part of the leaves has had to be cut away for economy of space, but what remains of them gives a good idea of their appearance. The striking feature of this palm is its armament of spines which covers every part of the plant except the fruits, and ap- pears particularly formidable on the trunk, of which a five-foot length is displayed. A large number of palm specimens obtained by the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition of 1926 have been added during the year to the exhibits in this hall. Notable among them are fruit- clusters of a Brazilian Iriartea, of some Attaleas, Scheeleas, Pseudo- cocos, as well as many specimens of palms foreign to Brazil but grown in the Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro and obtained through the courtesy of its Director, Dr. Pacheco Ledo, by members of the Captain Marshall Field Expedition. Two well-preserved flowering and fruiting stems of a Nipa Palm, secured from the Georgetown Botanic Garden, are to be credited to the Stanley Field Guiana Expedition. These have been installed in a case together with a fine series of specimens of the Ivory-nut Palm brought together from various places. 266 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VII Among other additions of palm exhibits installed during the year is a fine reproduction of a mature cluster of the fruit of the Betel Palm, the kernels of which furnish the well-known masticatory “‘betel nut.” The original of this was grown in Paramaribo, Surinam, where the Javanese element introduced by the Dutch is responsible for the frequent planting of the palm. In the Hall of Plant Life a number of other installations have been made, and some reinstallations have been made possible by the addition of new material resulting for the most part from the repro- duction of various plants and the preparation of other specimens in the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories, partly based on collections made by the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Ex- pedition of 1926, and partly on local material secured near Chicago. A preserved branch of the South American Araucaria imbricata obtained during the previous year has made possible a reinstallation . of the Auracaria case and a better display of the essential character- istics of this group of plants. The nature of the material permits the use of actual dried specimens for exhibition. Unfortunately the number of plants that need little preparation for their display is very limited. Among the plants reproduced for the Hall of Plant Life, one of the most important during the year is a characteristic piece of Black Pepper vine in fruit. This was grown in the Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro where it was obtained, though of East Indian origin. Molds of the fresh leaves, color studies and photographs made on the spot, together with a section of the vine preserved in formalin solution, served as material for the production of a replica of the living plant in the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories. A young cinnamon plant, likewise secured in Rio de Janeiro, was reproduced and added to the case containing the laurel family. A re- production of a handsome flowering branch of the well-known San- chezia nobilis, the ‘‘folha da independencia”’ native to Ecuador, one of the most striking of the Acanthaceae of tropical South America, was added in the space reserved for this family. A reproduction of Cassava or Mandioca plant, based on material also secured in South America, was not completed in time to be installed during the year. To the exhibit of Cucurbitaceae, the Cucumber or Gourd family, was added a piece of the vine of T'richosanthes anguina with its extra- ordinary snake-like orange and red fruits, this from a specimen grown in the Garfield Park Greenhouses. A branch of Sugar Maple repro- duced during the year served as the occasion for the addition of the Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate XX XIIT SAGO PALM FRUITS A fruit-cluster of an East Indian palm grown in the Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro Obtained by Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition, 1926 One twenty-fourth natural size ce n i JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 267 maple family to those already in the hall. A specimen of Venus Fly-Trap, Dionaea muscipula, was secured in season and reproduced for the exhibits; likewise the Indian Pipe, Monotropa uniflora. To the generosity of Mr. Pray of the Department of Zoology are due several contributions during the year to the exhibit of fleshy fungi—viz., reproductions of an Ink Cap Mushroom, a Polypore and a Clitocybe, all common species in the Chicago region. The Depart- ment of Botany desires to record its indebtedness to Mr. Pray and its appreciation of his interest in fungi. One of the most notable single exhibits produced during the year is a group of epiphytic and parasitic plants which may be described as an aerial or treetop garden. It consists of a typical cluster of epiphytes from Demerara, a perching young strangler fig growing in the midst of a clump of large air plants or Bromeliads (Aechmea), to- gether with a fiat-jointed cactus (Rhipsalis), an orchid (Dendrobium) and an aroid, the whole further complicated by the presence of a tropical mistle (Loranthus), while about the entire clump a colony of white ants or termites have built their arboreal nest. This was based on materia] and data secured by the Stanley Field Guiana Expe- dition and has been placed on exhibition in Stanley Field Hall. The output of plant reproductions for the botanical exhibits suffered somewhat early in the year by the employment for some time of almost the entire force of the Stanley Field Plant Repro- duction Laboratories on parts for a small scale model for the Carbo- niferous Forest group which has been undertaken for the north end of the Hall of Historical Geology. In connection with the plans for the ecological groups to be placed in the two ends of the Hall of Plant Life, the Acting Curator, accom- panied by Mr. Sella, visited the Snow Mountainsin Wyoming for the purpose of locating a suitable and convenient collecting ground and to secure material for a group of alpine vegetation. This locality was suggested by Professor Nelson of the University of Wyoming. The trip was made late in the season, but. a considerable number of alpine plants were still available and were collected. These furnish material for a beginning on this group, and the reproduction of these has occupied much of the glassblower’s time during the latter part of the year. It is expected that further material and studies for this group may be obtained in the Rocky Mountains during the coming year. It is planned to represent the typical vegetation above the snow line with an alpine landscape for a background. With the assistance of Mr. Corwin a small scale model was prepared. 268 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII In the plant economics exhibits in Hall 25 a collection of heads of 37 commercial varieties of wheat grown in the United States, and corresponding samples of grain received in 1926 from the United States Bureau of Plant Industry have been placed on exhibition in a table case together with explicit labels. Adjacent to the 37 modern commercial varieties of wheat are shown two samples of ancient wheat. One of these was found by the Field Museum-Oxford University Joint Expedition in Jemdet Nazr, Mesopotamia, in 1926. This specimen of ancient Mesopotamian wheat, estimated to be 5,500 years old, was found during excavations of Sumerian remains. The wheat was contained in a painted jar, much blackened, supposedly by the fire which destroyed the ancient eity of Jemdet Nazr, which lies eighteen miles northeast of Kish and some 65 miles from the present city of Baghdad. The charred condition of the kernels and the arid climate has undoubtedly been . responsible for the preservation of this wheat, the most ancient in existence. The other ancient wheat is Egyptian. Although slightly carbon- ized with age, it is much better preserved than the Mesopotamian. It is also of a different kind and has been identified as emmer (Triticum sativum dicoccum Hackel). This wheat is about 4,600 years old, as it was found in two graves of the ‘‘Middle Kingdom” which existed about 1900 B.C. It is a gift of the Deutsche Orient-Gesell- schaft. It is significant to note that both these ancient wheats are apparently identical with varieties grown today after the lapse of more than 4,000 years and a corresponding number of generations of wheat plants. Eleven trays illustrating the official grain standards of the United States, obtained from the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, have been placed in the same table case with the commercial varieties of wheat and barley, and constitute a valuable acquisition to the econo- mic exhibits of the museum, for Chicago is the largest wheat market in the world, and the exhibits are yearly inspected by thousands of visitors directly connected with the production of wheat and other grains. This exhibit, which has been prepared with great care, shows the standard employed in grading grain. Fifteen commercial varieties of barley heads and grain, received from the United States Bureau of Plant Industry, have been placed on exhibition in the same case with the wheat varieties and grain standards. These represent all the main types of cultivated barley grown in this country, and their distinguishing characteristics are. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 269 noted on the labels. There may be seen among them some ex- amples of successful results in plant breeding. The scale model of a modern flour mill in vertical section, donated last year by the Pillsbury Flour Mill Company, has been placed on exhibition and labeled to explain the course of the grain through the mill in process of manufacture. It has been installed along with properly labeled samples illustrating the steps in the process by which the wheat grain is broken up into flour, and properly labeled specimens of the various main types of flour. Most of the flour samples used were selected from the large assortment received last year from the Red Star Milling Company of Kansas. A figure of an enlarged wheat grain serves to indicate graphically the chemical composition, and the percentage of starch, gluten, oil, etc., found in wheat grain. The exhibit of corn which formerly occupied eight or nine cases has been reinstalled in two cases, one devoted to specimens of prehistoric and ancient corn, and corn of the North American Indians, and another showing the principal types of cultivated corn. In the former is corn which was used by the cliff dwellers, found in the ruins of the habitations of those early people in Arizona; corn of the mound builders, found in Ohio mounds; and mummy corn, from the ancient Peruvian graves at Ancon and Iquique, Peru. Alongside the ancient Inca corn is shown corresponding modern Peruvian corn, recently collected by the Captain Marshall Field Peruvian Expeditions, and the striking similarity is notable. In the same case is included some so-called pod, or reverted, corn which is sporadically encoun- tered in cultivated fields today. Seeds of Indian corn obtained from the North American Indians includes bright pink corn grown by the Arikara tribes; blue corn grown by the Zuni; and a type in which blue, yellow and red kernels appear, known as Fort Berthold squaw corn; as well as other Indian varieties. Many of these North American Indian corns were presented last year by O. H. Will and Company, Bismarck, North Dakota. There is a hybrid corn grown at Wichert, Illinois, in which appear strains of various Indian corns, mixed with modern varieties. Indicative of the high esteem in which corn was held by the ancient peoples of Peru, there is in the collection a stone carving of an ear of corn, found among the remains of the Inca civilization at Cuzco, and a jar, 500 years old, shaped in the form of a Peruvian god of maize or of the harvest, with round grinning face and round body, from whose neck to waist are suspended ears of corn. This jar 270 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VoL. VII was found in the ruins left by the Uncay peoples in the Santo Valley of Peru. These ancient representations of corn are placed adjacent to modern Peruvian corn and show apparently no difference in appear- ance. In the second case has been placed an exhibit of modern corn showing the six main types of corn cultivated today, namely: sweet corn, pop corn, starchy sweet corn, flint corn, dent corn and soft corn. Some ears of corn are shown in section, cut longitudinally and trans- versely to show the grains in section and in relation to the cob. Colored diagrams of kernel sections illustrate especially the charac- teristics of the different types. Most of the commercial corn shown is from the I. M. Thorburn Company, New York; Mr.1I.M. Holder, Law- rens, Iowa; Mr. L. 8S. Mayer, State Experiment Station, Knoxville, Tennessee; Mr. W. H. Neal, Lebanon, Tennessee; Mr. Redfern, Yar- mouth, Iowa; the State Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; and Mr. F. K. Crandall, State Agricultural Exper- iment Station, Kingston, Rhode Island. In a special case nearby there has been placed on exhibition a Peruvian bunch of corn, a typical small corn harvest from the Andes, collected by Mr. Macbride on the Captain Marshall Field Peruvian Expedition, 1922. One table case has been devoted to the display of a variety of products of the small grains, and kindred material such as strange types of bread from many parts of the world, beginning with an ancient Egyptian loaf found near the pyramids, various kinds of farinha and cassava cakes prepared by the natives of British Guiana and Paraguay, Klow Kow Niew and Cow Kliop cakes of Siam, piki bread of the Hopi Indians, a 28-pound loaf of Russian bread and and many other varieties. Among the objects added to the wheat products are sixteen varieties of macaroni, product of durum wheat, in as many different sizes and shapes, many greatly different from the familiar kind. All of these cases are additions to the economic series of food plants and their products. Adjoining the maize exhibit a case of sorghum and millet has been installed. Field Museum is thus able to show this interesting group of plants which are extensively grown in the Great Plains, especially in Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas. Sorghum syrup is one of the competitors of cane sugar in the United States, and is manu- factured chiefly in Tennessee. The plants of sorghum and millet used in the exhibit were grown at the Garfield Park Greenhouses from seed furnished by Field Museum. These plants serve to show the habit — of growth, and they are shown surrounded by the fruiting heads JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 271 of the principal varieties of sorghum and millet, together with speci- mens of their seeds. The fruiting heads and seeds of the sorghums were supplied through the courtesy of the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station. Near the flour mill model is a case containing the stalks, grain and principal products of rye and barley. The use of rye for flour, whiskey and paper-making is described, and samples illustrative of such use are shown. Four bunches of barley stalks with matured grain of erect six-rowed barley, nodding six-rowed barley, two-rowed barley and beardless barley are exhibited; also tubes containing pearl barley, beer and barley flour. The stalks of barley and rye were donated by the Canadian Pacific Railway, while the manufactured products are gifts from the American Cereal Company and the Old Times Distil- ling Company. A general label states places in which rye and barley are grown, their antiquity, uses, and the countries of maximum pro- duction. Adjoining the rye and barley exhibit is a similar one of oats, rice and their products. Headed stalks of the white awnless Tartar King Oats, the awned Swedish Oats Select and the black-hulled Joanette Oats areshown. These were given to Field Museum by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station. Through the courtesy of the Amer- ican Cereal Company some products such as rolled oats, oat meal and oat flour are exhibited. The United States Department of Agriculture has assisted by giving excellent matured stalks of the short-kerneled awnless Blue Rose Rice, the long-kerneled awnless Honduras Rice and the small round-kerneled awned Wataribune Rice, all of them more or less extensively cultivated in the United States. Out of more than 1,000 known varieties of rice these serve to show to the public the general habit of rice. Tubes containing unpolished rice, polished rice and rice flour are placed adjacent to the stalks. A gene- ral label for rice and a general label for oats placed in the case give information as to the climatic conditions suitable for these grains, principal regions of production, and uses and value for nutrition. In the central portion of Hall 25, near its west entrance, has been placed a case containing an exhibit which serves chiefly to call atten- tion to the general nature of the exhibits in the hall. In it is found the bunch of Peruvian corn mentioned above, suspended as is cus- tomary in that country. It consists of a mixture of differently colored and shaped varieties, and affords an interesting comparison with the more complete showing of corn in nearby cases. On the floor of the case is a group of ears of fancy colored dent corn from Missouri. 272 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII In the reinstallation of economic botanical exhibits in Hall 25 the method of installation initiated last year has been continued, all bottles and jars having been removed, as well as all trays above the level of the eye. The products, particularly the most perishable ones, those subject to change from oxidation, deliquescence or insect in- jury, have been hermetically sealed in glass tubes of suitable dia- meters, which vary somewhat with the products. These tubes set vertically, each properly supported in its own label block, provide a high degree of visibility as well as protection for the contents. The individual label block-support fastened to the back of the case per- mits the arrangement of the material in any manner desired in a vertical case; for example, in the form of a flowsheet, which was not possible with the linear series of trays and bottles on shelves. In the ease of closely related products from the same source, their arrange- ment with reference to each other or in relation to their production or manufacture, adds greatly to the intelligibility and interest of their display. | Many thousand specimens have been transferred from cardboard boxes and tin cans to screw-cap glass jars and poisoned. In this way they have been protected from fungi, rodent and insect injury, and their visibility has been increased. Each specimen, which heretofore had been identified only by a number referring to a catalogue entry, has had a label and index card made out for it and has been system- atically stored. Specimens treated in the above manner include wheat, oats, barley, rye, rice, millet, sorghum, corn, corn products, starch, sugar, beet products, macaroni, cassava products, the thou- sands of specimens of 72 plant families in Hall 29, and the palm material in Hall 25. The study collection of woods, consisting of several thousand hand specimens from the United States and foreign countries, was formerly stored under the lockers of the exhibition cases. They have now been brought together in one room on the third floor and arranged in storage cases in such manner that they are readily accessible. The present arrangement adopted in the case of this wood collection is geographical, which has the virtue for the time being of keeping separated the various lots received from various foreign countries, useful provisionally as long as many determinations are still uncertain. The arrangement of each geographical unit is, however, into plant families. Mr. Samuel J. Record, Professor of Forest Products in Yale School of Forestry, who has joined the staff of the Museum as Re- if JAN. 1928 | ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Zhe search Associate in Wood Technology, spent the month of August in supervising the organization of this reference collection, checking up and correcting the determination of the specimens. Their number was also considerably increased, partly by gift or exchange from the Yale School of Forestry, and partly by cutting pieces of suitable size from many large exhibition and storage specimens.. Plans were also made by Professor Record for many improve- ments in the exhibits in the wood halls, both of American and foreign woods. It is expected that with the cooperation of Professor Record, and his guidance, the wood collection will become of greatly in- creased importance and the exhibits more adequate and representa- tive. Some of the exhibition specimens in the Hall of North American Woods (Millspaugh Hall) have been condemned as not representative of the best quality of lumber in present use, and these it has been decided to replace. Various associations, such as the American Wal- nut Growers’ Association, and firms specializing in certain woods, have signified their willingness to cooperate in securing typical display material. : The Department’s activities in the herbarium were directed to the requirements of botanical investigation. In a rapidly growing her- barium (such as that of Field Museum, which now has over 570,000 mounted sheets, ranking it in size among the most important herbaria of the world) there is a vast amount of routine clerical work connected with the preparation, organization, cataloguing and filing of collections, so that, this year as in previous years, the small staff has been occupied in keeping up with the work incident to the growth of the collections. The plant mounter attained the very satisfactory total of over 10,000 in number of specimens mounted. In addition he strapped many thousands of sheets needing this greater protection, and attended to the fumigation and storage of collections awaiting disposition. The Custodian of the Herbarium completely worked over the Moffat collection of higher fungi, totaling 1,128 examples, freshly labeling, boxing and filing them so that this important gift (recorded in the 1926 Report) is now available for reference. He also in- serted in the herbarium over 12,000 specimens, which involved the writing of several thousand folder-covers for the large number of genera and species not before represented in the collections. His cataloguing recorded over 8,000 new sheets, and in addition he wrote about 4,000 labels for duplicate specimens to be used in exchange. Most of these were for the Gaumer collections from Yucatan. Their 274 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISToRY—REPORTS, VOL. VII labeling is now nearly completed, as many thousands were also writ- ten by the Librarian of the Department. The most important un- finished work in hand in the herbarium has for some years past been the Peruvian collections secured by Messrs. Macbride and Feather- stone in 1922 and by Mr. Macbride in 1923 on the two Captain Marshall Field Expeditions to the Peruvian Andes, supplemented since by additions made each year by Dr. Weberbauer. During the present year these have had to be held in abeyance in favor of the important Yucatan collections of Messrs. Millspaugh and Gaumer, which had remained untouched for over a dozen years. These have now been almost completely organized and made up in sets for dis- tribution. The study of the Yucatan material, begun by Dr. Mills- paugh in 1895 and resulting in publications by him in that year, and others in 1903 and 1904, was, at the request of the Museum, con- tinued by Dr. Paul C. Standley of the United States National Museum. In this connection Dr. Standley spent the month of September at the Museum checking over the entire Millspaugh- Gaumer collections of several thousand sheets, and making neces- sary changes in determinations in conjunction with the preparation of a list of the plants of Yucatan which is expeected to be ready for publication in 1928. During his stay in the Museum Dr. Standley also found time to name thousands of specimens from various parts of the world that heretofore had been stored awaiting determinations before they could be filed in the herbarium. Altogether he handled some 8,000 sheets, naming or renaming most of them. The Depart- ment records its appreciation of Dr. Standley’s work, which thus added a large number of sheets to the collection available for reference. The only specimens sent out in exchange from the herbarium during the year were 42 co-types of Peruvian plants in return for similar material from the Museum at Berlin-Dahlem, and 103 dupli- cates to the Gray Herbarium in exchange for determinations. From the loan records kept in the Department, it appears that the more important loans include the following: Fifty sheets of Bidens to the University of Iowa; 220 South Amer- — ican plants, including 48 specimens of Heliotropium, to Dr. I. M. Johnston of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University; 78 Labiatae to Dr. Carl Epling, University of California, Southern Branch; 376 South American Compositae to Dr. S. F. Blake, United States National Museum; and numerous smaller loans. Most of these loans represent further progress on the part of specialists in their study of the Peruvian collections. hein srcenera tl ee ee ne ee = eZIS [enjoe Y4XIs-ouCO AYOLSIH TWYUOALVN JO WONASAW AIqIA JO NOISNGLXG IOOHOS OITENd SIUUVH “M °N AHL AG ODVOIHO AO SIOOHOS GHL OL GANVOT ASVO AO AdAL : ~ Ad- CINVOT ~ AIXXX °3%I1d ‘IIA “IOA 19-8 “ON "uywaaag {4yEy NGS “OA Peosg YI JRIOUR pure pRoy-sERds w ay); Podeys Az] YOOWS YILe 2294 UMoYs aU ay) —‘OFE>Y> 4890 MO{FEW SOY Jo wads UOWWIOD Om) auv avs) “2p8U S VON22;UO> MOYeUNEIUE By) YY WOIy DUTIES SHOUT eNW 24) PRIA 1ey) O03 YIM sdosoy W2TEND Jo suspsed uj Umoad 4jsIy 40 90s AueAS) “YRIEW WL} Jo a40Ys 240) 40 4a4]4 ¥ FvOLW soRETU lu10j U2}jO puY yoay Bow JO xX OF oNL AoW JouT sm uaaed e2swoo suv Xoyy “waMoy Pim IsAs0] Jno AuowE 240 MoUeW PPOY JO saI20d" UoMIWOD }soU! Om} ING ‘MOTIVIN 3S0u Lae PAREN Yo ROE FRY} POPE OTS MY NUP NOR) C4 power *s,10 de] tS Re ee ee ae eee cee nes ee Se aN Sc Rn a a 19-8 °N “Wee Grey SHY* WOAH prorg GPR 2xqQeuT. pus peoy~reads © ony Podays BATH YOO GYM aY LeoGS auO MY) — APE) 4820 MOMS ss0y jo SIPeds veuMED om) we BURY) JO SMOTEW 42910 “ped poss payy-UOLpOD ey) 20) PATRATM> MOTE W TED WOI;ED Ae POM 2 UY SUMP agemyEA Heowl aq) Jo 380 & Ie) Quy seyry mn po Jaques © 9 2224) Iq Cyanag JE) JO JeMODSe BO BOTTI IHS mApOR Foy, “Aqui yrs oases ogy 0) Fue LEAT HOG AOL 24H suspued oj uacuE Knumtes ase emogmy ey Sa) ; upp senyinog: 4q payeumseyxe oq 0) adeosper ssquesdss pow penny 4no jo Ud ¥ Goy oo} are EiDmOy paLq;E~yoy 20 oeDL fo Sypred ogy PaKossap useq Kpseas amy oq] poyreas Avo sa2eY Bj 205 ‘ZuyPmp 30 Keapeos wary sjows! areas © fq 26 dures v uy deep igSnes 2q yw Komp Aqeney) -qareui vu 20 azoys 2yR 20 aap & Zuols sameeus We] WIYO PU 94 asOM 20 KE Co} om Com ey) SR ued samme aur Ky “EASOy PHA YSN smo Zooure AU MOTeW 280y jo sUpeds BOWNESS ysoms om} IMC ‘MOTIVIN 3S0u OE A FPL TY PS Ma Sm me Oe poy AIOYSIFT [VINJVN JO wnesny] PlelT JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 275 There remains for mention one other important loan—231 lichens to the late Professor Bruce Fink of Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, well-known lichenologist, who last year worked over the Museum collection of lichens and whose death is recorded regretfully. GEOLOGY.—To the exhibit of South American minerals and ores in Stanley Field Hall, a number of specimens and photographs were added from the collections made by the Associate Curator in Brazil in 1926. These additions chiefly illustrate Chilean and Bolivian cop- per and tin ores and minerals, and those of the Chilean nitrate-pro- ducing areas. A number of specimens of gems received by gift during the year were added to the Higinbotham Hall exhibits. These in- cluded specimens of chrysoprase, amber, opal and precious ortho- clase and spodumene. In Hall 34, devoted to systematic minerals and meteorites, most of the specimens presented by Mr. W. J. Chalmers during the year were installed in their appropriate places in the crystal and systematic collections. The large beryl crystal collected by the Curator in Maine was also installed here. A special exhibit of agate, numbering about 40 specimens and illustrating many features described in the Museum leaflet on Agate which was published during the year, was installed in a wall case in this hall. The principal varieties of agate, based on differences of pattern, are illustrated by cut specimens, as are also natural and artificial colorings of agate and agates in the rough as mined. Change of the color of the case interiors in this hall to conform to that adopted for the other halls has been carried on during the year as opportunity permitted. This has now been completed for all cases with sloping tops, sixteen in number. For this work it was neces- sary to remove all the specimens and label and reinstall them. This involved the double transfer of over 2,000 specimens and labels. A number of changes were made in the installation of the relief maps in Buckingham Hall, chiefly by providing inclined bases for mounting. These facilitate observation of the maps, both by bring- ing them nearer to the eye of the observer and by lessening reflections from the cover glasses. Considerable economy of floor space is also afforded by this method of installation. The maps of the Grand Canyon, of the states of Missouri, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Con- necticut, New Jersey and New York, of the Catskill Mountains and of the Chattanooga District were mounted in this way. Indivi- dual tables were made for the relief maps of Illinois and Chicago and 276 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REpPorTs, Vou. VII the maps installed on them, likewise in an inclined position. The saving in space gained by these changes of installation made it pos- sible to remove one of the map tables from the hall and give its place to the model of the Virginia Natural Bridge, thus providing better lighting for the latter. All of the small relief maps, eleven in number, which had hitherto been scattered, were installed on one table. Several specimens collected by the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of 1926 were installed in cases in the structural geology division of this hall. These specimens included three large slabs of ripple-marked sandstone from Nova Scotia, two specimens showing joint structure, and one of contorted gneiss from Indian Harbor, Labrador; two specimens of veins from Battle Harbor, Labrador, and one large specimen of conglomerate from Nova Scotia. Three speci- mens of calcareous tufa and one of dendrites from Chile, collected by the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition of 1926, were also installed here, and to the case of cave products in the same hall were added three recently obtained specimens of stalagmites from Italy. In this hall the work of changing the color of the case backgrounds has been started. Four cases of the systematic rock collection have been dismantled for this purpose, the screens painted and the speci- mens reinstalled. Owing to the proposed change of color to be made in the case backgrounds and labels of the economic sections in Hall 36 and Skiff Hall, and the entire removal and reinstallation of specimens which this will involve, comparatively few changes in installation in these halls were made during the year. The interiors of two cases in Hall 36, containing exhibits of peat and its products, were recolored, and the specimens were rearranged and some added, the most important being a large mass of sphagnum peat from Esthonia. To the petro- leum exhibit there were added the large mass of oil-bearing sand re- ceived during the year and new petroleum products presented by the Standard Oil Company (Indiana). Several of the lubricating and other cils made from petroleum, which had been on exhibition and had deteriorated, were replaced by fresh specimens also presented by the — Standard Oil Company (Indiana). Several specimens of volcanic sulphur from the Andes were added to the exhibit of sulphur, and specimens of other South American products which were collected by the Associate Curator were added to the corresponding exhibits. The latter included chiefly specimens of niter, salt and guano. Minor revisions were made in the exhibits of tin, zinc, copper and silver ores. To illustrate the lightness of metallic beryllium, a metal now coming JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 217 into commercial use, a small balance was made on which is shown a prism of iron that is equalized in weight by a prism of beryllium nearly five times as large. In preparation for changes in installation in Skiff Hall, much economic material which had been held in temporary storage was assorted and placed in trays so that selection of specimens for exhi- bition may be more readily made. The munificent gift contributed by Mr. Ernest R. Graham for the purpose of making important additions to the Hall of Historical Geology has enabled work to be begun which will bring about a considerable reorganization of the installation in this hall, now known as Graham Hall. One of the most important features to be added will be a con- tinuous frieze of paintings around the walls of the hall. These paint- ings are to represent typical life and scenery of successive geologi- cal periods. They are to be comprised in 28 panels, fourteen of which will be approximately 25x9 feet in size and fourteen 11x9 feet. The services of Mr. Charles R. Knight, the well-known artist who has specialized in this field, were fortunately secured for the execution of these paintings. He has already completed four and they have been given temporary exhibition in the hall. These represent the following subjects: The Beginnings of Life, Egg-Laying Dinosaurs, Moas of New Zealand and Australian Giant Kangaroos and Diprotodons. There is also contemplated for the hall preparation of eleven groups, modelled in three dimensions, by which the life of the past will be further visualized and its form restored. The construction of one of these groups, that representing a forest of the Carboniferous Period, was begun by Dr. Dahlgren during the year and considerable progress made. A working model on the scale of one inch to a foot was first made. A technique was then developed adapted to the faithful reproduction of the character of the fossil plants. The surface mark- ings of the giant club-moss stems which formed the trunks of the forest trees have been transferred wholesale by mechanical means to their reconstructed counterparts which will make up a large part of this forest group. There are many difficulties and new pro- blems of technique, as well as of paleobotanical science, to be solved or disposed of in the course of such an undertaking, but it is expected that with the promising beginning made, the end of another year will see this group far along toward completion. The arrangement of the paintings and groups in the hall, will, like that of the specimens exhibited, be in chronological order, corres- 278 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, Vou. Vil ponding with that of geological periods, and will illustrate the gradual expansion and diversification of life as well as the rise and fall of species, which took place during successive stages of the earth’s history. In order to secure uniform and accurate lighting for the paintings and specimens, it is intended to use artificial light only in the hall. Not only will the paintings and groups be lighted in this way, but each of the large cases of fossils will have a special series of lights. Most of the wires for this lighting have already been laid. In preparation for the changes to be made in the hall, the entire group of fifteen windows on the east side was bricked up and plas- tered, and the windows on the west side were covered with tightly- fitting composition board of a color harmonizing with that of the exterior of the building. During the progress of this work the exhibits were moved to the center of the hall, but changed in position so as to” allow the cases to be viewed by visitors and at the same time permit the alterations to be carried on. During a period of several weeks allowed for the drying of the plaster the cases were returned to their former positions. At the end of this time the cases were again removed to the center of the hall and the hall closed for painting. The walls and ceiling were then cleaned and painted, and the hali was made ready for installation of the paintings and other exhibits. In order to provide space at the south end of the hall for three of the groups, five upright and two sloped-top cases were removed from that area. Of these, three were moved outside the hall; the others were transferred to new positions within the hall. As in the other halls of the Department, the color of the case interiors is being changed to buff. In connection with this work it has been found desirable to line the backs of the cases with composition board and to incline the upper shelves. Supporting brackets are thus made less conspicuous and a better visibility of the specimens is obtained. These alterations make it necessary to remove all speci- mens and reinstall them. The cases in which these alterations have thus far been made are: one of Kuropean Quaternary Mammals, two of American fossil elephants, one of Rancho La Brea fossils, two of South American fossil mammals, and one of dinosaur restorations. The large skull and tusks with lower jaws of the Mastodon found near Rensselaer, Indiana and received early in the year were, after preparation, mounted upon a base similar to those employed for other | large mounts of this character and installed with the other North and South American Mastodon specimens at the north end of the hall. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 279 A base was also made for one of the large trunks of Devonian trees collected in New York in 1926, and this was installed in the Devo- nian section of the hall. As fast as prepared, specimens of the South American fossil mammals collected by the Captain Marshall Field Ex- pedition to Argentina have been installed in the two cases devoted to this purpose in this hall. Important specimens of this group added during the year include a skull and other parts of the rare tapir-like Homalodontotherium, lower jaws of the seldom obtained Astrapan- otus, upper and lower jaws of the elephant-like Pyrotherium, and a skull and parts of a skeleton of Eucinepeltus. An excellent skull from Texas of the Permian amphibian Eryops was also installed in the Permian exhibit. The walls and ceilings of the office and laboratory of the Curator and of the Department library have been cleaned and painted. In Room 121 of the Department library, which had been darkened by covering the skylight, large lights were installed, and the lighting of Room 119 of this library was changed so as to provide individual lights for each alcove instead of the general illumination previously used. Room 120, devoted to general study collections, was also furnished with more artificial light in order to compensate for covering the skylight. The tray racks in this room were fitted with 89 full-sized steel doors in order to protect the contents of the trays from dust and other possible injury. Each door was provided with a neat label holder, and labeis indicating the contents of the trays were provided for these. Similar doors, label holders and labels were pro- vided for the tray racks containing the vertebrate paleontology study collections in Rooms 101land102. There were 60 of these doors. The tray racks in the laboratory of invertebrate paleontology, Room 110, were also provided with similar doors, seventeen in number. A large - eement-walled room, capable of being hermetically sealed, was con- structed on the ground floor of the building for the purpose of storing the field bundles of vertebrate paleontology. Since the exigencies of field work sometimes require the use of flour paste in wrapping the bundles, this room affords a place where such bundles can be protected from mice and other vermin which might have infested them during their period of transit or subsequently. Being air-tight, the room can at any time be fumigated and any vermin destroyed. Three tiers of plank shelving were built entirely around the interior of this room, thus affording space for storing the bundles. Sixty-one boxes of fossils collected by the Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Argentina were unpacked and their contents distributed in this 280 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII room during the year, the bundles being placed serially according to field numbers, so as to permit easy selection of any desired number. In the paleontological laboratory the following specimens were prepared for exhibition: various parts of the great birds, Phoro- rachus and Physornis, and two smaller birds; upper jaws, with dentition, of the elephant-like Pyrotherium; lower jaws of Astrapa- notus; skull and three-fourths of a skeleton of Hapalops; skull and two-thirds of a skeleton of Homalodontotherium; skull and jaws of Equus Andeum, and skull and jaws of a young adult Mastodon Americanus. The preparation of two skeletons of the large South American ground-sloth, Scelidotherium, was partially completed. All of the above specimens, except that of Mastodon, were South American fossil vertebrates collected by the Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expeditions to Argentina and Bolivia. In the chemical laboratory, complete quantitative analyses were made of the Coldwater and Navajo No. 2 meteorites. The nickel content of another Arizona meteorite was also determined. Partial analyses of several rocks and minerals for the purpose of identification were also made. Work on the restoration, by the Fink electrical pro- cess, of a number of oxidized bronzes from Kish, has been carried on at intervals during the year, with results that continue to be eminent- ly satisfactory, even with some objects so decomposed that their restoration seemed hopeless. Some analyses of archaeological speci- mens and some of industrial substances used in the museum building were also made in this laboratory. The Curator and Associate Cura- tor made a number of experiments which resulted in evolving a satisfactory method for covering the windows in Graham Hall. Besides constructing bases for the Mastodon skull and Devonian trees, Preparator Legault made frames for ten large Carboniferous trees for the Carboniferous Forest group. He also polished fourteen large sections of meteoric irons. Of these eleven were etched. The Curator, besides assisting in the preparation of a leaflet on Agate which was published during the year, completed the text of one on Famous Diamonds. Associate Curator Nichols renered a leaflet on Portland cement. Assistant Curator Roy prepared a leaflet with the title, “How Old are Fossils?’’ which was published during the year. He also com- pleted a paper describing a number of new specimens of inverte- brate fossils. These were chiefly specimens contained in the Borden collection or in collections made by Associate Curator Nichols in South America in 1926. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 281 ZOoLOGY.—Notable improvements and additions to the zoolo- gical exhibits were made during the year. Especially good progress was made in the production of large mammal groups and in reinstal- lations to conform to plans for special halls of such groups. Hall 22, devoted to the larger mammals of Africa, was dedicated to the late Carl E. Akeley by vote of the Board of Trustees, and will be known as Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall. Early in the year, a new group for this hall was completed and installed. This is a group of the graceful antelopes known as the Uganda Kob. It contains five animals collected and presented by Messrs. John T. McCutcheon and Fred M. Stephenson. They are represented on open grassy veldt in gradual motion as part of a herd feeding. The group was prepared by Mr. Leon L. Pray. Another important addition to the display of large African mam- mals is the Hippopotamus which was finished and placed temporar- ily in a prominent position in Stanley Field Hall. Itisa single animal of large size, prepared by Mr. Leon L. Walters by the so-called ‘‘cel- luloid’”’ process of reproduction heretofore employed mainly in pre- parations of reptiles and amphibians. The material used in this case is cellulose acetate, and the result is a completely lifelike presentation of an animal which has never before been satisfactorily prepared for museum exhibition. Fine details in the texture of the skin and lifelike translucent color effects are fully achieved and, although the com- pleted specimen is almost wholly artificial, it is far superior to any preparation in which the skin itself is preserved. Its strength and durability seems assured, and these features serve to recommend it further. It is not a model in the usual sense, but a reproduction in which the use of an actual specimen is essential to the process. In Hall 16, habitat groups of large American mammals, two new groups were installed and three others were transferred from open floor cases and reinstalled in built-in spaces with painted backgrounds and well-controlled lighting. This hall now contains eleven finished groups of high quality and permanence, and the twelfth, a group of Glacier Bears, which will complete the east half of the hall, is far advanced in preparation. The two new groups installed in 1927 are those of the Olympic or Roosevelt Elk and the Mule Deer. The Elk group, collected and prepared by Mr. Julius Friesser, is a large one of great beauty, occupying a space of 24 feet and including five large majestic animals. The painted background depicts a scene in the luxuriant forests of western Washington, and the accessories of the foreground not only include faithful reproductions in wax of the small- 282 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII er plants and flowers of the forest floor, but several actual trunks of large forest trees standing in natural positions. The Mule Deer group reproduces a scene on the famous Kaibab Plateau of Arizona near the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. A family group of deer are shown, a large buck, two does, and two spotted fawns, pausing before they start down a trail leading into the canyon, the vivid colors of which appear on the background. The group was collected and pre- pared by Mr. C. J. Albrecht and the background was painted by Staff Artist C. A. Corwin from personal studies made in the field. The reinstalled groups in Hall 16 are those of the Alaska Moose, Pronghorn Antelope, and Sonora Grizzly, all of which are greatly improved in their new positions with new paintings as backgrounds and new conditions of lighting and arrangement. The exhibition of mammals was further improved by the com- plete elimination of old style cases from Hall 15, and some alterations were made possible in the systematic collections shown there. Four cases of mammals were completely reinstalled in this hall and minor changes were made elsewhere. Two new cases of fishes were finished and placed in Hall 18. One of these contains sharks obtained on recent expeditions, and the other is devoted to ganoids, garpikes, etc. Two old style cases were re- moved from this hall, and extensive substitution of light colored labels for black ones was carried on throughout the hall. For further ex- pansion of the exhibit of fishes, Taxidermist Pray completed the preparation of 80 specimens which are awaiting installation. These include rays, skates, and a variety of small food and game fishes. Development of the systematic exhibit of birds was continued, and, despite a considerable absence of Taxidermist Hine in the field, one case of large waterbirds was finished and installed. It contains no less than 54 specimens of 50 different species consisting of freshly mounted or carefully renovated specimens of gulls, auklets, loons, grebes, and their allies. The extinct Great Auk, of which the Museum does not possess a Specimen, is represented by a replica manufactured from the feathers of other birds, but presenting the true appearance of the species. A considerable number of additional birds were mounted during the year to be utilized in later installations. Three cases containing Abyssinian paintings of birds by the late Louis A. Fuertes, presented to the Museum by Mr. C. Suydam Cutting, were installed in Stanley Field Hall. At the same time a case of Birds of Paradise was removed from this hall to Hall 21. __AXXX 93*id ‘ILA “OA ‘s}odey (LE 1®H) WH SEIS “A *f£ PMepesg 74S 94} 4B “OZIS S}I YZJY-oUO UOT Jo ustid ay} Aq 4YSsIOA UL poztjenba sr (7J9] 48) UANT]AIaq Jo usIid au, WOITTAUHE OITIVLAWN AO SSUNLHOIT ONILVULSATIL LIGINXg ad at A1OYSIP{ [BINyeN Jo wnesnyy Ploy JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 283 The preparation of reproductions of reptiles and amphibians in pyroxylin and cellulose acetate has continued. Anumber of specimens prepared from field molds secured on the Captain Marshall Field Central American Expedition have been completed, but their ex- hibition has been delayed. Improvements in the care and arrangement of reference collec- tions and in efficient handling and disposition of incoming material have received attention. Sixteen new steel cases for the storage of birdskins, as yet unprovided with trays, were placed in Room 76, and the same number for mammals were received in Room 77. In the division of reptiles, doors were provided for the storage cases, and the metal tanks used for large specimens were equipped with movable trucks. The osteologist and the tanners have continued with their work at the usual rate, but owing to the large accessions from expeditions, a considerable number of skulls for cleaning and certain skins of large mammals for tanning have been sent to outside agencies. The preparation of the long delayed exhibit of North American butterflies received attention, but no permanent installations were made. The exhibit of scorpions and centipedes was subjected to revision and prepared for reinstallation. Much work of a routine order occupied the time of the staff. The giving of information to the public directly and through correspondence, and the general demands of all sorts were greatly increased over former years. The books of the departmental library were rearranged to accommodate extensive additions, the equipment returned from expeditions was classified and stored in a special room, specimens were selected and provided as photographic subjects for postcards, storage cases were rearranged practically throughout the Department, and much work of a mis- cellaneous character was done. THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION For fifteen years, since 1912, the date it began to function, this Department of the Museum has prepared small, portable exhibition cases of natural history and economic subjects, and made loans of them to the schools of Chicago. Up to the present time 1,020 such cases have been prepared, and are now available for school purposes. Fifty-five of them were prepared during the period under review. In addition to the cases completed during the past year there are also a number of them in various stages of preparation. In the total number of completed cases there are 350 botanical, geological and 284 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII zoological subjects. Members of the staff of this Department install all of its cases, collect natural history specimens, and prepare them for exhibition. When this, and the nature and scope of the work they have done are considered, the Curator believes there is justification for the pride and gratification he has in the result that has been accomplished by this Department. By the middle of 1913 only enough cases had been prepared to loan to six schools. At the present time there are 386 schools in Chicago that daily make use of the cases prepared by this Department. Of these 360 are public ones, five private, four Roman Catholic, seven are Y.M.C.A. branches, three are community settlements, two are boys’ clubs, three are branches of the Chicago Public Library, one is an orphan asylum and oneisa reformatory for boys. During the present school-year (1927-1928) cases are being loaned to fifteen more schools than during the last school-year. The past year, as in previous ones, cases were loaned . to schools on scheduled deliveries made by this Department’s two motor-trucks. In making these deliveries last year a total of approximately 12,000 miles was traveled. In order to maintain regularity of loans to the 386 listed schools, 772 cases were in daily use by them. In following the policy of the Museum in furthering and broadening the educational work of this Department, twelve of its cases were loaned to the Art Institute of Chicago during July and August for use in its juvenile classes. The Superintendent of the Municipal Pier requested the loan of a number of cases for exhibition on the pier during the summer months. Twenty-four of them were sent and were prominently displayed there. At the request of the Superintendent of the United Charities of Chicago twelve cases were sent to Camp Algonquin, a camp for under-nourished children of Chicago, where they were displayed during the summer. The manage- ment of the Outdoor Life Exposition held in the Coliseum during May asked for and was loaned for exhibition fifteen cases of game birds and their enemies. Six cases were exhibited at the Merit Badge exposition of the Boy Scouts held in the First Regiment Armory during February. During the summer months several cases were loaned to each of the several branches of the Y.M.C.A. for use in their summer schools. ART RESEARCH CLASSES During the past year, as in previous ones, classes in research from the Art Institute of Chicago were given instruction at the Museum by members of the staff of the Institute. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 285 The popularity of these classes is evidenced by their steady in- crease in enrollment, which now amounts to several hundred students. Great benefits are derived by the students from study of the ex- tensive and varied collections in the Museum, and the notable re- sults obtained by these classes in their research work in this Insti- tution are highly encouraging both to the students, and to their instructors. Heretofore only the first year students from the Art Institute participated in these studies, but this year classes of advanced students of the Institute visited the Museum, and their work especially reveals the unlimited resources and potential value of art research in a natural history museum. DIVISION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS PUBLICITY.—Through expansion of its publicity efforts the Mu- seum has become more firmly established as an important source of news, news features and news photographs, to which the newspapers and the national press services look for a constant supply of inter- esting and informative material. The Division of Public Relations was reorganized in July, and now operates, in effect, as a news bureau, giving world-wide circulation to publicity matter on the aims, functions and activities of the Institution. News stories designed to promote interest in the exhibits, and containing a direct invitation to the public to visit the Museum, have been broadcast, as in the past. Making public through the press the work of expeditions, research by the scientific staff, new installations and reinstallations, changes in the Museum building, publications issued by the Museum, appointments to the personnel and other such matters has been continued on an increasing scale. As heretofore, the principal efforts have been directed upon local publicity, in order to reach residents of Chicago and its environs, and visitors to the city. These local efforts have been expanded by supplying the Museum’s news service to a list of 60 community and neighborhood newspapers in various parts of Chicago, 53 foreign language newspapers of the city, and 50 suburban newspapers covering all principal suburbs, towns and cities within a 50-mile radius of Chicago, as well as to the seven major daily newspapers of the city. By continuance of its national and international publicity, the name and activities of Field Museum have been kept before the eyes of the world in general, as well as the local public. The cooperation extended by newspapers and news agencies, locally, nationally and 286 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REpPorTS, VOL. VII internationally, which has contributed to the success of these efforts, is herewith given grateful recognition. Efforts to acquaint strangers in the city with the ways to reach the Museum were continued. As in past years, various advertis- ing media were generously placed at the disposal of the Museum without charge, and this opportunity is taken to extend the gratitude of the Institution to the donors of the space. Other media of publicity which have given attention to the Museum and its activities include general and popular magazines, scientific publications, trade journals, moving picture newsreels, and radio stations. PRESS PUBLICITY.—The number of news stories emanating di- rectly from the Museum during the year totalled 246, or an average of nearly five each week; the Museum also supplied 153 photographs and groups of photographs to newspapers and news agencies. Each > of these was printed in several of Chicago’s daily newspapers; many were printed in all. They were given a large amount of space also in the community, suburban and foreign language groups of newspapers. The majority of the stories, and many of the photographs, were given nationwide circulation by news agencies, and printed in hundreds of newspapers from coast to coast. In addition to the publicity stories released by the Museum itself, hundreds of other stories and news photographs in which the Museum appeared either as a major element or incidentally, were published both in the newspapers of Chicago, and in newspapers throughout the country. Two newspaper serials, ‘“To the ‘Mountains of the Moon’” by Jack Baum, historian of the Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition, published in the Chicago Daily News and associated newspapers in other cities, and “East of the Sun and West of the Moon,” an account of the James Simpson-Roosevelt Asiatic Expedition, by Theodore and Kermit Roosevelt, published in the Chicago Daily Journal, and syndicated nationally, gave the Museum widespread and long continued publicity. News stories about the Museum ranged from items of 50 words and up to half or full column articles, and in many cases full page feature articles. Editors have been so impressed with the Institution’s activities that in many cases they have written laudatory editorials in the columns of their papers. Clippings of more than 100 such editorials, both from papers in Chicago and from widely scat- tered cities, have been received. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 287 Among the agencies which have cooperated in giving nationwide and world-wide distribution to Field Museum news and photographs are the Associated Press, United Press, International News Service, Universal Service, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Central Press Association, Science Service, Chicago Tribune news service, Consoli- dated Press, New York Times news service, New York Herald-Tri- bune news syndicate, New York World news service, North American Newspaper Alliance, Pacific and Atlantic Photos, United News, Underwood and Underwood, International Newsreel, Wide World Photos, Reuter’s, Havas, Exchange Telegraph, Central News, Agence Radio, Rosta, British United Press, Nippon, Dempo and others. PUBLICITY IN PERIODICALS.—A great amount of space was given to Museum activities in general and popular magazines, trade jour- nals, scientific publications and other periodicals. Many of these articles were prepared at the Museum at the request of editors; others were written by outside writers. They were usually profusely illu- strated with pictures of Museum exhibits. Included among 49 maga- zines publishing such articles were Saturday Evening Post, Liberty, Scientific American, Chicago Commerce, Popular Mechanics, Archi- tectural Record, Science, American Journal of Science, Nature Maga- zine, Popular Science, St. Nicholas, Century, and Atlantic Monthly. ADVERTISING.—A wide variety of advertising media have called attention of the public to Museum exhibits and activities. The Chicago Rapid Transit Company, as in previous years, kindly dis- played in elevated stations a series of six colored posters depicting Museum exhibits. The Chicago, North Shore and Milwaukee Rail- road allotted space throughout the year to Museum exhibits and lectures in its ““This Week’s Events” posters displayed at all stations between Chicago and Milwaukee. The Chicago Surface Lines printed at their own expense and displayed in the street cars overhead posters advertising the Museum. The Illinois Central Railroad displayed at its city and suburban stations placards announcing the spring and autumn lecture courses. These posters were also displayed in Marshall Field and Company’s retail store, and in libraries, schools and other institutions. The Clyde W. Riley Advertising System, which publishes the programs for seventeen theatres, continued its courtesy of giving the Museum from a half page to a page of advertising space in each program. Likewise, space was again given by officials of the Audi- 288 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII torium Theatre for a Museum advertisement in each program issued during the 1927 season of the Chicago Civic Opera Company, this courtesy being secured through the interest of President Field. Through the courtesy of officials of the International Live Stock Exposition, Field Museum posters and direction folders were brought to the crowds attending. Parts of newspaper advertisements of Marshall Field and Company, the People’s Gas Light and Coke Company, the Yellow Taxicab Company, and other firms were de- voted to advertising the Museum. Space was devoted to the Museum also in the house organs for customers and employes of the Stevens Hotel, People’s Gas Light and Coke Company, Commonwealth Edi- son Company, Illinois Bell Telephone Company, and in the adver- tising folders and posters of many railroads, lake steamship lines and hotels. The “Bulletin of Educational Events in Chicago”’ generously gave the Museum advertising space. . A new folder was issued by the Museum, in which a brief outline was given of some of the outstanding exhibits, as well as directions for reaching the Institution. Through the cooperation of local trans- portation companies, railroads, hotels, clubs, travel bureaus, depart- ment stores, and other such agencies, 187,000 of these folders were distributed. These were also sent to chairmen and secretaries of conventions meeting in Chicago, with invitations for delegates to visit the Museum. NEWSREELS.—Field Museum activities were also brought before the public in motion pictures by Kinograms Newsreel, Chicago Daily News, Pathe, International Newsreel, and in a special film taken by the Chicago, South Shore and South Bend Railroad, which was exhibited in all towns and cities along its lines. RaAp1o.—The Museum received publicity through radio broad- casting by stations WMAQ of the Chicago Daily News, WGN of the Chicago Tribune, and other stations. The Outing and Recreation Bureau, maintained by a group of transportation companies and other public utilities, had a special radio talk on the Museum broad- cast by one of its lecturers. DIVISION OF PRINTING Never before has the Division of Printing printed so large an amount and so extensive a variety of matter as it did during the year 1927. This was foreseen as the requisitions made upon the Division JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 289 have been steadily increasing. This increase in the output of the Division has been, in part, due to the result of several noteworthy additions to the equipment. During the forepart of the year a monotype equipment was in- stalled in the Museum, so that all of the composition work for scienti- fic publications, leaflets, etc. could be done under direct supervision. This addition has already resulted in a considerable saving of time and labor. The acquisition of a folding machine has been the means of increasing the output of the bindery. For the printing of colored plates a complete set of patent steel unit bases was purchased, thus rendering it possible to print more than one color process plate at a time. These bases proved their usefulness in printing the colored plates for the Pike and the Agate leaflets. The following publications were printed and bound during the period under review: Peer ED PUI DIIGAGION SETICS. © occ es ccc we ee we nbc cate cee es 10,966 copies Mere E ORES elie ees ed Ske etslahs sjeallavalte le lecele tre tee 35,987 re Direction Folders for Rapid Transit Company (8 pages)....... 86,516 ie Direction Folders for Public Relations Division (8 pages) ..... 100,450 a (RTL GRIGG aE GS ra a le a ed yA Sep: Hiastration Index for Report Vol. VI...........6.0. 06 ece eee 1,800 - MAME CL TOMEI CO UE ISG! 22 oon goog cs oie ow Binlefeiersic’e Boab wcdie'eee eee 300 ss ere IACCB SE oe tay oben ne fis lsiy nia sli tia wate wise swig suey ace caeeke 200 on ed DE OSE Ged BVO 02 145 oe Miniature Sets of Exterior and Interior of Building........... 600 ae Pmenmiaiebost card AlbUMS... 02.2. ck cc ese oe tn eteaees 2,800 os Post Cards—New View of Building.................. eS 6,000 a bese Cards—Old View of Building.................00.000006 7,675 5s Fiducational Post Cards (20 cards in set).................02- 10,400 re “TN UUTE LE Sa Re MAIS siete Mao Bea fe Cet 271,039 copies The number of labels and other impressions follows: Exhibition Other labels impressions PEHERTONOIOTY ©. 28.5 ccc. ss ete Oa ee Meer Ba rik toMy ee | 6,695 17,786 RPMI ERIN ar ey re hee ial oye Odie Ao wie yeiic ea goo e a 2,943 39,325 2S BELGE Sova K Ge Re REIS SO Re mE ES ea 573 4,000 WL CLG EEA RT ee a 647 8,025 emis PREETISTON Siecle co shan ais c eiase Gd helo e oitiere clas 714 960 RAT ee ey er eT NOR re tors Shale acre lsrcsail Godliate Sie) od dvs cea 334.819 EROTIC BIT VESTONG: Wire. estefan ee aig ads ou Ses bee ed 212,449 The Geographic Society........... oh RU PE TERR BRE ae 62,825 PPOt At ee eee ete Ae ee Sait Wiad eee 12,145 680,189 290 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPorRTS, VOL. VII DIVISIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHY, ROENTGENOLOGY AND ILLUSTRATION PHOTOGRAPHY.—The total number of lantern slides, negatives, and prints made by the Division of Photography during the year amounted to 14,8386. The following tabulation is a summary of the work performed: Number Number Number Number Number of . of of of of negatives lantern negatives prints enlargements developed slides made made made for field made expeditions Anthropology............. 475 1,531 798 106 ss Botany ies Mes non ae ek ek 184 1,138 98 36 Geology ie eaten depnuuioaens ra 133 350 4 Aas LOOlOLY jis ese eta etege 446 891 3,075 (US 18 Harris Extension.......... Base 52 135 25 Chek General 020) ota een aM 82 513 Ca GEG. Eisele ede eae ireat eaten 6 ie 460 4 oy.) Raa RUE ORDERS eA HLH 15 bagi 94 ve Ne | Public Schoolss./23c. 40... 1,899 367 289 Mae 36 Photogravures 2S se oe oN: Aye 2138 213 sere Publicity (reek ery vee Cae 82 697 12 Chas Totals:cacet ste 2,841 3,539 8,044 326 90 ROENTGENOLOGY.—During the year the Division of Roentgen- ology X-rayed many unusual specimens for the various Depart- ments of the Museum, which resulted in interesting developments. In this work, 463 films and 1,150 prints were made. A series of prints of Egyptian and Peruvian mummies have been sent to Dr. Roy L. Moodie, who is studying them from a paleopatho- logical standpoint, and plans to prepare a publication on the subject for the Museum series. In response to a request from the Nebraska Medical Association, prints of anthropological and zoological specimens were sent for ex- hibition at the Nebraska State Fair. Programs were arranged for the members of the North American Radiological Technicians’ Associ- ation, at their annual meeting held at the Museum, and for the Chicago Dental Society’s Annual Convention held at the Drake Hotel, at which times demonstrations were given of the work done in the Division of Roentgenology. PHOTOGRAVURE.— The following statement shows the number of photogravures made by this Division during the year for illustrations iy . Reports, Vol. VII, Plate XK XVI Field Museum of Natural History Background by Charles A. Corwin Mamma! Habitat Groups (Hall 16) GROUP OF OLYMPIC ELK OR WAPITI Hall of American Taxidermy by Julius Friesser, About one twenty-fifth natural size JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 291 for the publications and portfolios printed by the Museum and for picture postal cards: Number of prints EPG AID TUUSLPADIONS © wc ci ols z akc cn os eb ewclscacpesecsecaeete 104,000 EME PTET ERATIONS (he ks eee ic'a si Gace 's & Goss ste oie eel sh esenebe e, ogs@ie 6 114,000 Mice SRI TIMStTAblONS 5). <.cses iicias bic ec cesta vesececsecneges 48,000 PRCISMENTEMOM Al OrtlOlOs. 0 5 5 ag ccc acm wwe wanes ve ccceaaces 240,000 Mme MPPRECC TEN POLGTALGH i. iioso so bcs sac Dee oi6 kg os es ale os ecele be oles ares 5,000 Etat cards of Kield Museum.building..............00. 0.0008 38,300 aE NED Pees Se Cn Ste Nace cw isl aiaacie a dale sie' 5,0 clei gw abi siaie iene 290 Py Leck ae seen Gt egies ale a 'clcvas Srabelelete ca Sle ystaia eee 549,590 ARTIST.—The following record of work accomplished during the year by this Division will show a very large increase over that of the year 1926: aU A IRM ELC eer tyne So Wale Gia eis /aieveouie ai tie & Mie wleseld siechedels 253 SR AMECEMES TILES CO) OLCO ies 8 a. w tiascis, Viale ste id cess jeciei'e (elas b/d ele ae aeie's 970 PG Oeee pS EEOUENEG 0. 5 oo oe cis cc siete c widG wile e Gld cos cece anes 76 EGE PIR AP SE OLOLEO Ne alec cicle soe wleltele os eis ie wlacs oie enere dina’ bie be es 31 Pe BEAM OC OC ret tachi altro teh clelia ia. § cies SiatSie ua als w acb.e ele le Bus 81 PORES SUNS er aur eS lais Gig sia Gabe) ae Ghacs satwiel ea Be'¥ ie a Sloe soars 13 Se PPS CHESEAV EC 19 60.1. )5:6) 5 sso, sis/e1s, ois s)ele Sines 0iare ae Bete Bienes Saretettss 3 MASESETEMIET CEES GOGIEGI: 2 seicicloie oearc eels Skiers op sete d ew se bene elews 12 Bie ERB M PIECE i ra cies) a Gisele cece Ca koe e viele @midelels Gale wee 14 Lettering for Akeley Memorial Portfolio.....................0. 1 RScolaneOUS TLeMS MAGCe ol. cca c bce cece dielescecteceesees 25 SOE RR leet rele ha Nal gical etter Sig ee cules aos 1,479 DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS Following is a classified list of the total number of members of the Museum, of whom 1,278 were added during the year 1927. The names of the members will be found elsewhere in this report. EORTC GOES irr cl ere ett Se Sita gis wave lola o. ohs elute teueidls: 14 PMEMORALUEIVECIN DCTS cee cle sarees wae ain ele sts e aisles winle.< 21 SRE TONES ee ee no te clades reals wee gene eg eg Goals wate Have elele ese 27 ME EPOLALCUVICIM DOTS (lye cicuscc ies estas eigie 7 % u é ie See ae ad " Ste ey te one f = = ' in r 7 2 | * t ~ 3 : >v x cae Z ‘ é “ * JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 299 DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AMERICAN WALNUT MANUFAC- TURERS ASSOCIATION, Chi- cago. 4 wood specimens (gift). BENKH, H. C., Chicago. 238 herbarium specimens (gift). 106 duplicate specimens (gift). . BLAKE, Dr. 8. F., Washington, D. C. 2 herbarium specimens (gift). BLETSCH, W.E., Highland Park, Illi- nois. 18 wood specimens (gift). BOISH-PAYETTE LUMBER COM- PANY, Boise, Idaho. 4 wood specimens (giit). BOTANISCHE GARTEN UND MU- SEUM, Berlin-Dahlem, Ger- many. 20 herbarium specimens (exchange). CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY, Montreal, Canada, E. R. Bruce, Director of Exhibits. 1 economic specimen, stalks of rye (gift). CHAMBERLAIN, PROFESSOR C. J., University of Chicago. 12 herbarium specimens (gift). CLARKSON, MRS. RALPH, Chicago. 1 herbarium specimen (gift). DAHLGREN, DR. B. E., Chicago. 10 economic specimens, seeds of palms (gift). DICKINSON, ALBERT, COMPANY, seed merchants, Chicago. 1 economic specimen, alfalfa seeds (gift). DUNGAN, PROFESSOR G.H., Uni- versity of Illinois, Urbana, Illi- nois. 2 economic specimens, 6 ears of Krug and Reid Yellow Dent Corn (gift). DURHAM, O. C., Indianapolis, Indi- ana. 1 herbarium specimen (gift). EPLING, DR. CARL, University of California, Southern Branch, Los Angeles. : 42 herbarium specimens, photos of plants (gift). FIELD, MRS. STANLEY, Chicago. 2 herbarium specimens (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Collected by Miss Francis Ames (Bor- den-Field Museum Alaska-Arctic Expedition, 1927): 106 herbarium specimens. Collected by Ralph Linton (Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Madagascar, 1927): 1 economic specimen, palm, leaf and section, spadix and section, raffia. Collected by J. F. Macbride (Field Mu- seum. Expedition in Illinois and Indiana, 1927): 200 herbarium specimens. Collected by H. W. Nichols and H. Eggers (Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition, 1926): 14 herbarium specimens. Collected by Elmer S. Riggs (Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition, 1927, Argentina): 29 herbarium specimens. Collected by C. S. Sewall and A. C. Weed (Rawson-MacMillan Sub- arctic Expedition, 1926): 265 herbarium specimens. 181 duplicate specimens. Collected by C. S. Sewall (Rawson- MacMillan Subarctic Expedi- tion, 1927): 236 herbarium specimens. Collected by A. Weberbauer (Captain Marshall Field Expedition to the Peruvian Andes, 1927): 152 herbarium specimens. 488 duplicate specimens. Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories: 138 models and reproductions of plants. Purchases: 5,283 herbarium specimens. 800 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPorRTs, VOL. VII GARFIELD PARK CONSERVA- TORY, Chicago. 1 economic specimen, Cycad cone (gift). 15 herbarium specimens (gift). GLENDORA CHAMBER OF COM- MERCE, Glendora, California. 1 wood specimen (gift). GRAY HERBARIUM, Cambridge, Mass. 118 herbarium specimens (exchange). 10 duplicate specimens (exchange). GREAT WESTERN SUGAR COM- PANY, Fort Collins, Colorado. 1 economic specimen, 16 samples of beet sugar factory products(gift). GRONEMANN, C. F., Elgin, Illinois. 1 herbarium specimen (gift). 1 duplicate specimen (gift). HALL, PROFESSOR H. M., Uni- versity of California, Berkeley, California. 6 herbarium specimens, photos of Oenotheras (gift). HELLMAYR, DR. C. E., Chicago. 1 herbarium specimen (gift). HENDRICKSON, W. S., Chicago. 1 Ponti specimen, hickory nuts gift). IMPERIAL FORESTRY INSTI- TUTE, Oxford, England. 94 herbarium specimens (exchange). JENSEN, MRS. JENS, Ravinia, Ili- nois. 1 wood specimen (gift). JOHNSTON, DR. I. M., Cambridge, Massachusetts. 8 herbarium specimens, photos of Boraginaceous plants (gift). LANGDON, PROFESSOR &., Oxford, England. 1 economic specimen, wheat kernels excavated at Jemdet Nazr (gift). McGILL, W. J., Whiting, Indiana. 1 economic specimen, leguminous vine (gift). MAHOGANY ASSOCIATION, New York City. 1 wood specimen, 12 panels of maho- gany (gift). MEYERS, M. T., Ohio State Univer- sity, Columbus, Ohio. 2 economic specimens, Leaming and Clarage corn (gift). PERCIVAL, SIR JOHN, Berks, Eng- land. 5 economic specimens, samples of Rivet wheat (gift). PHILIPPS, O. F., Chairman Board of Review, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Chicago. 9 economic specimens, various wheat grains (gift). PRAY, L. L., Chicago. 2 reproductions of mushrooms (gift). RAKUDA WOOD PRODUCTS COM” PANY, Pittsburgh. 2 wood specimens (gift). RECORD, PROFESSOR S&. J., Yale University, New Haven, Con- necticut. 1 economic specimen, seeds of Pal- metto (gift). 650 herbarium specimens (gift). 150 wood specimens (gift). ROGERS, J. M., Gainesville, Florida. 1 economic specimen, 6 ears of Yel- low Cuban Flint corn (gift). ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, Kew, England. 334 herbarium specimens (exchange). SHERFF, DR. E. E., Chicago. 3,039 herbarium specimens (gift). STATION AGRICOLE ET ECOLE d’AGRICULTURE DE L’IVO- LOINA, Tamatave, Madagascar. 3 economic specimens, palm seeds (exchange). UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Washing- ton, D.C. 20 economic specimens, various bar- ley heads and seed rice (gift). JAN. 1928 UNITED STATES NATIONAL MU- SEUM, SMITHSONIAN IN- STITUTION, Washington, D.C. 3,019 herbarium specimens (ex- change). UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, Department of Botany, Berke- ley, California. 125 herbarium specimens (exchange). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 301 VAN KEPPEL, JOHN, Harvey, Illi- nois. 1 economic specimen, flax (gift). VICTORIN, FRERE MARIE, Uni- versity of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. 262 herbarium specimens (exchange) WHEELER, H. E., University, Ala- bama. 17 herbarium specimens (gift). DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY ABBOTT, J. M., Webb, Arizona. 1 specimen fossil wood—Adamana, Arizona (gift). 1 specimen organic pebble—near Los Angeles, California (gift). 1 specimen fossil coral— Whiteside County, Illinois (gift). ADAMSON, GEORGE H., Chicago. 1 specimen metallic beryllium (gift). 6 specimens fossil coral—Slocom Lake, Illinois (gift). ARNOLD, FRANCIS M., Chicago. 1 specimen rainbow quartz—Brazil (giit) 1 specimen phantom quartz—Brazil (gift). 1 specimen mossy quartz—Brazil (gift). ASSOCIATION OF MINE OWNERS, Tokyo, Japan, through courtesy of Imperial Japanese Com- mission to Philadelphia Ses- _ quicentennial Exposition. 26 specimens gold, silver, copper and iron ores—Japan (gift). BOEDEKER, WILLIAM, Chicago. 10 specimens salt and borax—Hano- ver, Germany (gift). CHALMERS, WILLIAM J., Chicago. 5 specimens beryl—Brown’s Creek, Buena Vista, Colorado (gift). 1 specimen hatchettolite Hybla, Ontario, Canada (gift). 26 specimens crystallized minerals— various localities (gift). 24 specimens crystailized minerals— Italy (gift). 7 specimens crystallized minerals— Maine and Nevada (gift). CITY OF CHICAGO,Bureau of Streets 4 specimens asphalt and sand—var- ious localities (exchange). COAN, H. W., Chicago. 1 specimen clay cencretion—Bell- wood, Illinois (gift). CONNELLY, MISS FRANCES, Perth West Australia. 1 specimen fossil Pelecypod—Cent- tral Queensland, Australia (gift). CONNELLY, JOHN F., Perth, West Australia. 1 specimen (15 grams) of the Tieraco meteorite— West Australia (gift) 2 photographs of the Tieraco mete- orite—(gift). COOMARASWAMY, A. K., Boston. 19 prints illustrating gem mining in Ceylon, India—(giit). CORDY LAND COMPANY, Mellen, Wisconsin. 2 specimens black gabbro—Mellen, Wisconsin—(gift). DIAS, COLONEL HONORIO, Pocos de Caldas, Brazil. 3 photographs illustrating zirkite deposits—Cascata, Sao Paolo, Brazil—(gift). DOUGLASS, ELLEN H., New York City. Coral set, consisting of bracelets, breast pin and earrings—lItaly (gift). 302 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL: HistoRY—REPORTS, Vou. VII DRUMMOND, I. W., New York City. 4 specimens amber in coal—Navajo Mine, Gallup, New Mexico (gift). EGGERS, HERMAN, Hamburg, Ger- many. 13 prints of scenes in the Atacama Desert, Chile—(gift). FAIRBROTHER, R. L., Quincy, Illi- nois. 1 specimen folded hematite, Lake Superior—(gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Collected by O. C. Farrington: 60 specimens minerals—Maine. Collected by Barney Goodspeed, (Al- exander Revell-Field Museum Expedition): 1 specimen rolled pebble of volcanic rock—Unga Island, Alaska. Collected by Ralph Linton (Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Madagascar): 1 specimen aquamarine—Bed of River Mitsikivy, Province of Va- kin-ankaratra, Madagascar. 1 specimen aquamarine and 1 speci- men beryl—Province of Imerina, Madagascar. 42 specimens garnets— Madagascar. Collected by J. H. C. Martens (Raw- son-MacMillan Subarctic Expe- dition, 1926): 580 specimens minerals and rocks —various localities. Collected by H. W. Nichols (Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expe- dition, 1926-27): 55 specimens ores, minerals and fos- sils—Tofo and Potrerillos, Chile. 124 specimens ores, minerals and fossils—N orth Chile. 85 specimens ores and minerals— Bolivia. 44 specimens minerals and fossils— Bolivia. Collected by H. W. Nichols: 2 specimens telluride gold ore— Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 1 specimen peat—Antioch, Illinois. Collected by Third Asiatic Expedition of American Museum of Natural History with Field Museum co- operating: 38 specimens fossil Glires— Mongolia. 28 specimens fossil Artiodactyls— Mongolia. 16 specimens fossil Perissodactyls— Mongolia. 2 specimens fossil Insectivores— Mongolia. 3 specimens fossil Notoungulata— Mongolia. 4 specimens fossil Carnivora—Mon- golia. 3 specimens fossil Proboscidea— Mongolia. Purchases: 3 specimens stalagmites—Italy. Skull, jaws and partial skeleton of Mastodon—M ount Ayr, Indiana. 1 specimen ammonite—Kansas. FRANK, MRS. SAM, Waterloo, Iowa. 1 specimen fossil cephalopod—Wat- erloo, Iowa (gift). GERHARDT, PAUL, Staley, North Carolina. 1 specimen tale—Staley, North Ca- olina (gift). GLYNN, PAUL, Chicago. 2 specimens glacial boulders—Mon- a Pulaski County, Indiana ift). HEMSLEY, ETHAN, Chicago. 1 specimen fossil coral—Dubuque, Towa (gift). HILL, MARCUS STOW, Chicago. 1 specimen sphagnum—Esthonia (gift). JONES, ROY B., Wichita Falls, Texas. 1 specimen oil sand weighing 450 pounds—HElectra, Wichita County, Texas (gift). KELLY, P. A., Chicago. 3 specimens minerals—Colorado (gift). LEININGER, DICK, Chicago. 1 specimen silicified wood—Ferry, Montana (gift). LIEBERZ, HERMAN, Brookfield, Ill- nois. 2 specimens fossil coral—Brookfield, Illinois (gift). JAN. 1928 2 specimens fossil coral—Brookfield, Illinois (exchange). LICEO DE COSTA RICA, San Jose, Costa Rica. 13 specimens minerals and rocks— Costa Rica (gift). MARYOTT, FRED, Carrizozo, New Mexico. 3 specimens bentonite—Espanola, New Mexico (gift). MOORE, E. T., St. Charles, Illinois. 2 specimens manganese ore—Chil- ton, Carter County, Missouri (gift). MUIR, JOHN R., Chicago. 1 specimen fossil trilobite (Calymene niagarensis)—lllinois (gift). NEVEL, W. D., Andover, Maine. 15 photographs of scenes in South America—(giit). O’BRIEN, GEORGE F., East Cedar Rapids, Iowa. 1 specimen crystallized galena— Madison County, Missouri (gift). O’HARA, M. A., Winnetka, Illinois. 1 specimen Astylospongia praemorsa (gift). OLAS, MONTE, Chicago. 2 specimens enargite—Swift Creek, British Columbia (gift). PAVEY, BILL, Winnetka, Illinois. 1 specimen sand concretion—near Frankfort, Michigan (gift). PITTS, W. B., Sunnyvale, California. 2 specimens chrysoprase— near Por- terville, California (gift). 3 specimens polished kinradite— Santa Clara County, California (gift). 3 specimens polished jasper—Sal- mon City, Idaho (gift). 5 specimens minerals—various local- ities (gift). 5 specimens rocks and fossils—var- ious localities (gift). SCHMIDT, KARL P., Chicago. 1 specimen Ensis schmidti—Suffolk, Virginia (gift). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 303 SCHNEIDER, MRS. I. S., Chicago. 8 specimens minerals—various local- ities (gift). 1 specimen fossil fern—(gift). SCHOENFELDT, FRANK, Oak Park, Tilinois. 1 specimen concentrically stained sandstone—Elkhorn, Wisconsin (gift). Sela S., Timmins, Ontario, Can- ada. 5 specimens minerals—various local- ities (gift). SHARPE, MISS MINNIE, Chicago. 1 specimen stalactite—Wind Cave, South Dakota (gift). SIMMS, S. C., Chicago. Amber pendant enclosing fossil spi- der—(gift). SMERZ, FRANK AND THOMAS, Braden, Illinois. 1 specimen fossil coral—Braden, I[Ill- inois (gift). 8 specimens fossil! ferns—Braden, Illinois (gift). STANDARD OIL COMPANY (indi- iana), Chicago. 4 specimens wax—(gift). 20 specimens oils—(gift). 51 specimens decorative candles— (gift). TIMBERLAKE, DAVID, Chicago. 1 specimen fossil fern—(gift). UNITED STATES NATIONAL MU- SEUM, Washington, D. C. 3 photographs of a mounted skeleton of Brontotherium hatcheri (gift). 261 specimens fossil plants—vari- ous localities (exchange). UNIVERSITY OFARIZONA, Tucson, Arizona. 10 specimens raw and treated zono- lite-Libby, Montana (exchange), WENDLER, C., Geneva, Switzerland. Powder and section of the Cincinnati meteorite—Cincinnati, Ohio (ex- change). 2 fragments with crust of the Garraf meteorite—Garraf, Barcelona, Spain (exchange). 304. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VII DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ADAM, OSCAR, Porto Aguirre, Mis- iones, Argentina. 1 lizard, 19 snakes—Iguazu Falls, Misiones, Argentina (gift). AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATU- RAL HISTORY, New York City. 1 cast of African frog, 1 cast of New Zealand tuatera (exchange). 1 birda—Manaos, Brazil (exchange). 1 bird—Palamba, Peru (exchange). APPLEBAUM, A. A., Chicago. 1 spider—Honduras? (gift). 1 lizard (gift). ASTOR, LORD, London, England. 2 red deer, 1 mounted ‘“‘cromie’”’ head—Island of Jura, Scotland (gift). ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC TEA : COMPANY, Chicago. 1 boa constrictor (gift). BARBOUR, DR. THOMAS, Cam- bridge, Massachusetts. 13 frogs, 20 lizards—Soledad, Cien- fuegos, Cuba (gift). 4 chameleons—Tanganyika Terri- tory, Africa (gift). 3 frogs, 1 snake, 81 lizards—Annam, Indo-China (gift). BEBB, HERBERT, Chicago. 1 beetle—Michigan (gift). BERG, MISS L., Evanston, Illinois. 1 cricket, 2 beetles, 1 lizard—Ben- kulen, Sumatra (gift). BISHOP, S. C., Albany, New York. 1 fish, 1 snake, 11 lizards—Tela, Honduras (gift). BLANCHARD, DR. F.N., Ann Arbor, Michigan. 2 snakes—Michigan and California (gift). BOGEN, DON A., Kansas City, Mis- souri. 1 Yorkshire canary (gift.) BOOTH, O. E., Des Moines, Iowa. 2 butterfliles—Des Moines, Iowa (exchange). BORDEN, JOHN, Chicago. 1 walrus skull—Alaska (gift). BOYLES, WILLIAM B., Chicago. 1 salamander—Algonquin, Illinois (gift). BRAITHWAITE, WILLIAM, Dowa- giac, Michigan. 1 honey bee’s nest—Dowagiac, Michigan (gift). BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), London, England. 297 mammals—Asia, Africa, South America (exchange). BURT, CHARLES E., Ann Arbor, Michigan. 2 salamanders, 4 frogs, 16 lizards, 5 snakes—various localities (gift). 12 lizards—various localities (ex- change). BUTLER, A. L., Horsham, Sussex, England. 1 hummingbird—San Pedro, Peru (exchange). CHALMERS, W. J., Chicago. 1 watercolor of Australian birds (gift). CHAPMAN, M. F., Inglewood, Cali- fornia. 2 chinchillas—South America (gift). CLEGG, W. G., Delamere, England. 3 capercaillie, 3 black grouse, 6 ptar- migan—Scotland (gift). COALE, MRS. IRMA B., Highland Park, Illinois. 7 butterflies—Japan (gift). 181 butterflies, 17 moths—Paraguay (gift). CONNELLY, J. F., Perth, West Aus- tralia. 140 shelis—Coast of West Australia (gift). CONNOR, DR. D. F., Chicago. 1 mounted swan skeleton (gift). CONOVER, BOARDMAN, Chicago. lringed-neck duck—Illinois (gift). JAN. 1928 4 partial bird skeletons—Germany, Madagascar (gift). CORRAGGIO, ANTONIO, Pismo Beach, California. 3 clam shells—Pismo Beach, Cali- fornia (gift). na ve C. SUYDAM, New York ity. 108 paintings and sketches of Abys- sinian birds and mammals, 8 reels motion picture film (gift). DAWSON, BERNARD H., La Plata, Argentina. 3 lizards—Neuquen and La Plata, Argentina (gift). DICKEY, DONALD R., Pasadena, California. - 2 mammals—Palm Springs, Cali- fornia (gift). DURAN, DR. M. E. AND GONZA- LEZ, A., Chicago. 1 snake—La Estrella, Costa Rica (gift). ERWIN, RICHARD P., Boise, Idaho. 6 spiders—Boise, Idaho (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Collected by Mr. and Mrs. John Bor- den, Miss F. Ames, Mr. and Mrs. R. B. Slaughter and Ash- ley Hine (Borden-Field Museum Alaska-Arctic Expedition): 1 seal, 4 walrus, 4 polar bears, 4 Alaska brown bears, 111 bird- skins, 1 box group accessories— Arctic Ocean, Alaska. Collected by H. Boardman Conover, Robert Everard and John T. Zimmer (Conover-Everard Afri- can Expedition): 238 mammal skins and skulls, 1 white rhino skeleton, 578 birds, 9 nests and eggs, 1 turtle, 127 lizards, 40 snakes, 131 frogs, 58 insects—Tanganyika Territory, Belgian Congo, Uganda. Collected by George A. Dorsey (De- partment of Anthropology): 2 crocodile skulls—New Guinea. Collected by Colonel J. C. Faunthorpe (Captain Marshall Field Expedi- tion to British India): 38 mammal skins and skuils—Bri- tish India. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 305 Collected by W. H. Osgood, L. A. Fuertes, A. M. Bailey, J. E. Baum and C. S. Cutting (Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition): 1,339 mammals, 2,090 birds, 2 eggs, 22 lizards, 8 snakes, 32 frogs, 2 fishes—A byssinia. Collected by Edmund Heller (Captain Marshall Field African Expedi- tion): 244 mammals, 6 birds, 82 lizards, 31 snakes, 24 frogs, 9 fishes, 7 inver- tebrates—Belgian Congo, Ugan- a. Collected by members of Museum staff (local field work): 33 frogs, 20 salamanders, 7 snakes, 7 turtles—Chicago Area. Collected by E. S. Riggs (Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Argentina): 11 mammal skins and skulls, 27 lizards, 6 snakes, 5 frogs, 11 in- sects—Argentina. Collected by K. P. Schmidt and C. C. Sanborn (Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition): 424 mammal skins and skulls, 526 birds, 5 nests and eggs, 11 turtles, 6 caimans, 157 lizards, 105snakes, 1,145 frogs, 3,997 fishes, 153 inver- tebrates, 3 boxes group accesso- ries—Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay. Collected by Robert W. Tansill (Alex- ander Revell-Field Museum Alas- ka Expedition): 7 Alaska brown bears, 14 birds— Alaska. Collected by Third Asiatic Expedition (American Museum of Natural History): 270 mammals—Mongolia, China. Collected by A. C. Weed and A. G. Rueckert (Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition): 2 polar bear skulls, 1 caribou skull— Sukkertoppen, Greenland. 1 lemming, 13 birds—Baffin Land. 320 insects—various localities. Purchases: 1 African lung fish—Buddhu Coast, Uganda, Africa. 4 birds—Chile, Argentina. 4 snakes—Glendale, Arizona. 306 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REpPoRTS, VOL. VII 10 frogs, 7 turtles, 47 snakes—Im- boden, Arkansas. 273 birds—Bolivia. 2 woodpeckers—S4o Paulo, Brazil. 8 birds—Chile. 8 turtles—Gainesville, Florida. 7 mammals, 1 parrot—Kashmir. 16 turtles, 105 lizards, 4 snakes, 14 frogs—Porto Rico. 2 hair seals—LaPush, Washington. 1 replica of great auk, 1 cast of great auk’s egg. 7 celluloid models of salamanders, frogs and lizards. 1 Mexican gila monster. FRIESSER, JULIUS, Chicago. 1 woodpecker—British Guiana (gift). 1 giraffe skull—Uganda, Africa (gift). i moth—Chicago (gift). GENERAL BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY HOUSE, Chicago. 1 salamander—Eddyville, Illinois (gift). 13 roaches—Key West, (gift). GERHARD, W. J., Chicago. 1 beetle—Chicago (gift). GOODEN, G. E., Homewood, Illinois. 1 snake—Homewood, Illinois (gift). GREEN, M. M., Ardmore, Pennsyl- vania. 5 small mammals—Oregon (gift). GREGORY, TAPPAN, Chicago. 1 least weasel skul!—Tllinois (gift). HAIDER, JUAN, Alto Parana, Misi- ones, Argentina. 1 tayra—Misiones, Argentina (gift). HAMMOND, JOSEPHINE, Wheaton, Illinois. 1 pigmy antelope—Elat, Cameroun, West Africa (gift). HANDY, E. E., Duluth, Minnesota. 1 whistling swan—Minnesota (gift). HINRICHS, HERMAN, Chicago. 1 Canadian warbler—Chicago (gift). Florida JENNINGS, MRS. J. E., Chicago. 1 snake skin—Florida (gift). KENDAL, GEORGE M., Chicago. 1 octopus—(gift). KINSEY, DR. ALFRED C., Bloom- ington, Indiana. 318 gall insects and galls—Europe, North America (gift). LAKE, W. E., Chicago. 11 turtles—Pell Lake, Wisconsin (gift). LETL, FRANK H., Chicago. 3 frogs, 7 salamanders, 2 lizards, 2 snakes—Southern Illinois (gift). LILJEBLAD, E., Chicago. 12 beetles—Chicago (gift). LINCOLN PARK COMMISSION, - Chicago. 1 baboon—Africa (gift). McCORMICK, CYRUS, JR., Chicago. 4 flamingos—Cuba (gift). MILLER, MESSRS. RAMSEY AND WILKES, Chicago. 1 tarantula—Osage Hills, Oklahoma (gift). : MILLRAY, JOE, Homewood, Illinois. 1 salamander—Homewood, [Illinois — (gift). COLEGIO SAN PEDRO NOLASCO, Santiago, Chile. 6 frogs, 12 snakes, 22 lizards—Chile (gift). MUSEO NACIONAL DE CHILE, Santiago, Chile. 1 snake, 11 frogs, 23 lizards—Chile (exchange). MUSEUM LAFAILLE A LA ROCH- ELLE, La Rochelle, France. 1 fish—Cameroon, West Africa (gift). OLSSON, AXEL, Negritos, Peru. 26 frogs, 18 snakes, 45 lizards— Department Piura, Peru (gift). ORTENBURGER, DR. A.I., Norman, klahoma. 15 frogs, 25 salamanders, 4 turtles— Arkansas and Oklahoma (gift). JAN. 1928 OYARZUN, DR. AURELIANO, San- tiago, Chile. 1 cling fish— Valparaiso, Chile (gift). PATTERSON, COLONEL J.H., Iver, Bucks, England. 1 mounted rabbit, 1 zebra skin (gift). RAMSEY, JACK, Matto Grosso, Brazil. Leg bones of red wolf, Matto Grosso, Brazil (gift). RUCKDESCHEL, E. B., Chicago. 1 snake—Chicago (gift). SANDBERG, DR. KARL, Chicago. 1 goshawk—Illinois (gift). SCHMIDT, F. J. W., Stanley, Wiscon- Sime. 63 frogs, 5 salamanders, 19 snakes, 6 turtles—Clark County, Wiscon- sin (gift). SCHMIDT, K. P., Homewood, Illinois. 1 cockroach—Homewood, Illinois (gift). 2 bugs, 25 beetles—Dune Park, Ind- iana (gift). SMITH, S. G., Chicago. 1 desert tortoise—Needles, Califor- nia (gift). SOWARD, H. E., Chicago. 1 whistling swan—Custer, Michigan (gift). SULLIVAN, DR. ARTHUR, Madison, Wisconsin. 1 emperor goose— Madison, Wiscon- sin (gift). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 307 SWEETMAN, C. T., Chicago. 1 salamander—Chicago (gift). TALIAFERRO, PROFESSOR W. H., Chicago. 1 agouti—(gift). THOMPSON, GEORGE, Chicago. 5 turtles—Deep River, Indiana _ (git). 6 insects—Chicago (gift). UNITED STATES NATIONAL MU- SEUM, Washington, D.C. 1 sparrow — La Raya, Peru (ex- change). VOLKERS, CLYDE E., Terre Haute, Indiana. 2 turtle eggs—Terre Haute, Indiana. (gift). WENTWORTH, J. R., JR., Chicago. 38 red-billed ox-peckers—Nairobi, East Africa (gift). 1 black rhinoceros skin—Tangan- yika Territory, Africa (gift). WHITE, HAROLD A., New York City. 22 large mammal skins and skulls— Gugu Mts., Arussi, Abyssinia (gift). 1 aard vark skull—Muger River, Abyssinia (gift). WOLCOTT, A. B., Downers Grove, Tllinois. 14 insects—Downers Grove, Illinois (gift). RAYMOND DIVISION FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY: Purchase. 30 photographs. UNITED STATES BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 81 lantern slides (gift). PHOTOGRAPHY FIELD Se aae OF NATURAL HISTORY Made by Division: 8,044 prints, 3,535 negatives, 2,841 lantern slides, 326 bromide enlargements. Developed for Expeditions: 90 negatives. Made by Ralph Linton: 93 negatives of types of people and scenes in Madagascar, 12 por- traits of natives, landscapes, etc. 308 FIELD MusEUM OF NATURAL HistoRY—REports, VOL. VII —Captain Marshall Field Expe- dition to Madagascar. Made by Elmer S. Riggs: 244 negatives of fossils, landscapes, views, etc. — Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Argentina and Bolivia. Made by A. C. Weed: 2538 negatives of seascapes, land- scapes, natives, etc.—Rawson- MacMillan Subarctic Expedi- tion of Field Museum. Made by J. T. Zimmer: 109 negatives of seascapes, village scenes, African natives and ani- mals, etc.—Conover-Everard Af- rican Expedition of Field Mu- seum. RAYMOND, C. E., Chicago. Bird’s-eye view of the World’s Fair by Childe Hassam. . LIBRARY AFRICA: Albany Museum, Grahamstown. Department of Mines and Industries, Pretoria. Geological Society, Johannesburg. Institut d’ Egypte, Cairo. Ministry of Public Works, Cairo. Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg. Rhodesia Museum, Bulawayo. Rhodesia Museum, Bulawayo. Royal Society of South Africa, Cape Town. Société de Géographie d’Alger. Société d’ Histoire Naturelle de l’Afri- que du Nord, Algeria. Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc, Rabat. South African Association for the Advancement of Sciences, Cape Town. South African Department of Agri- culture, Pretoria. South African Museum, Cape Town. . Transvaal Museum, Pretoria. ARGENTINA: Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cor- doba. Instituto Geografico Argentino, Bue- nos Aires. Ministerio de Agricultura, Buenos Aires. Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Nat- urales, Buenos Aires. Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, Bue- nos Aires. Sociedad Ornitologica del Plata, Buenos Aires. Universidad Nacional de Tucum4n. AUSTRALIA: Australian Museum, Sydney. Botanic Gardens and Government Domains, Sydney. Commonwealth of Australia, Mel- bourne. Department of Agriculture, Adelaide. Department of Agriculture, Sydney. Department of Agriculture, Well- . ington. Department of Mines, Brisbane. Department of Mines, Sydney. Field Naturalists’ Club, Melbourne. Forestry Commission, Sydney (gift.) Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney. Geological Survey of Western Aus- tralia, Perth. Linnean Society of New South Wales, Sydney. Melbourne University. National Herbarium, South Yarra. Ornithological Society of South Aus- tralia, Adelaide. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery, Adelaide. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne. Queensland Geological Survey, Bris- bane. Royal Geographical Society of Aus- tralasia, Brisbane. Royal Society of Queensland, Bris- bane. Royal Society of South Australia, Adelaide. Royal Society of Tasmania, Hobart. Royal Society of Victoria, Mel- bourne. i Royal Society of Western Australia, erth. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney. South Australian Museum, Adelaide. Technological Museum, Sydney. AUSTRIA: Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna. Anthropos Administration, Vienna. Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. JAN. 1928 Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft, Vienna. BELGIUM: Académie Antwerp 5 ead Paavale de Belgique, Brus- sels Direction d’Agriculture, Brussels. Jardin Botanique de !’Etat, Brussels. Musée Royal d’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, Brussels. oe ae du Cinquantenaire, ussels to dach Phytopathologische (Plantenziekten) Vereenigen, hent. Société Belge de Géologie, Brussels. Société d’Archéologie, Brussels. Société de Botanique Brussels. Société Ornithologigue de la Belgi- gue, Brussels. Société Royale des Sciences, Liége. Université de Louvain. BRAZIL: Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. Cuerpo de Sciencias, Letras e Artes, Campinas. Instituto de Butantan, Sao Paulo. Royale d’Archéologie, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. Ministerio de Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro. Museo Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. Secretaria de Agricultura, Comercio e Obras Publicas, SAo Paulo. Servico Geologico e Mineralogica, Rio de Janeiro. BRITISH GUIANA: Board of Agriculture, Georgetown. Forestry Department, Georgetown. Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society, Demara. CANADA: Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Department of Agriculture, Victoria. Department of Mines, Ottawa. Department of Mines, Toronto. Department of the Interior, Geolo- gical Survey, Ottawa. Entomological Society of Ontario, Toronto. Horticultural Societies, Toronto. ‘McGill University, Montreal. Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Sciences, New Brunswick. Provincia! Museum, Toronto. Provincial Museum, Victoria. Queen’s University, Kingston. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 3509 Royal Canadian Institute, Toronto. Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa. Université de Montreal. University of Toronto. CEYLON: Colombo Museum. Department of Agriculture, Colombo. Mineralogical Survey, Colombo. CHINA: Commercial Press Publishers, Shang- hai (gift). Geological Survey, Pekin. Royal Asiatic Society of North China, Shanghai. Science Society of China. University of Nanking. CZECHO-SLOVAKIA: Académie Tchéque des Sciences, Prague. Deutscher Naturwissenschaftlich Medizinischer Verein fiir Bohmen ““Lotos,’’ Prague. DENMARK: Dansk Botanisk Forening, Copen- hagen. Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Co- penhagen. Dansk Ornithologisk Forening, Co- penhagen. K. Bibliotek, Copenhagen. Naturhistorisk Forening, Copenha- gen. Université, Copenhagen. ECUADOR: Academia Nacional de Historia, Quito. FEDERATED MALAY STATES: Federated Malay States Museums, Singapore. Royal Asiatic Society, Malayan Branch, Singapore. Sarawak Museum, Singapore. FIJI ISLANDS: Fijian Society, Suva. FINLAND: Abo Akademi. Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, Helsingfors. FRANCE: Académie des Sciences, Paris. Ecole d’Anthropologie, Paris. Hiler Costume Library, Paris (gift). Musée Guimet, Paris. 310 FigELD MuSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REporTs, VOL. VII Muséum National d’Histoire Natu- relle, Paris. Nature, Paris. Société Botanique de France, Paris. Société Dauphinoise d’Ethnologie et d’Anthropologie, Grenoble. Société d’Ethnographie, Paris. Société d’Etude des Sciences Natu- relles, Reims. Société d’ Etudes Scientifiques, An- gers. Société d’Histoire Naturelle, Tou- louse. Société de Géographie, Paris. Société des Américanistes, Paris. Société des Sciences, Nancy. Société des Sciences Naturelles, Ar- dennes. Société des Sciences Naturelles de Sadne-et-Loire, Chalon-sur-Sa6éne. Société Linnéenne, Bordeaux. Société Nationale d’Acclimatation de France, Paris. Société Nationale d’Agriculture, Sciences et Arts, Angers. Société Nationale d’Horticuiture de France, Paris. Société Scientifique du Bourbonnais et du Centre de France, Moulins. GERMANY: Akademie der Wissenschaften, Ber- in. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Hei- delberg. Bayerische Akademie der Wissen- schaften, Munich. Bayerische Botanische Gesellschaft, Munich. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich. Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Berlin. Botanischer Verein der Provinz Bran- denburg, Berlin. Deutsche Dendrologische Gesell- schaft, Bonn-Poppelsdorf. Deutsche Entomologische Gesell- schaft, Berlin. Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Anthrop- ologie, Ethnologie und Urge- schichte, Berlin. Deutsche Morgenlaindische Gesell- schaft, Leipzig. Deutscher Seefischerei Verein, Berlin. Frankfurter Gesellschaft fiir An- thropologie, Ethnologie und Ur- geschichte. Friedrich Wilhelms Unversitaét, Ber- lin Geamaphische Geselischaft, Miinich. Georg-August-Universitat, Gdttin- gen. Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde, Berlin. Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde, Leipzig. Hamburgische Universitat. Mineralogisch-Geologisches Museum, Dresden. Museum fiir Tierkunde und Volker- kunde, Dresden. Museum fiir Volkerkunde, Berlin. Museum fiir Volkerkunde, Hamburg. Nassauischer Verein fiir Natur- kunde, Wiesbaden. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Frei- urg. Nature Geselischaft, Gé6r- itz. Ne a Gesellschaft, Niirn- ur Natarticneneens Verein der Preus- sischen Rheinlande und West- falens, Bonn. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Bre- men. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Pas- . sau. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein fiir Schwaben und Augsburg. Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bay- ern, Miinich. Sachsische Akademie der Wissen- schaft, Leipzig Schlesische Gecllepiete fiir Vater- lindische Cultur, Breslau. Senckenbergische Naturforschende, Gesellschaft, Frankfurt a M. Thuringischer Botanischer Verein, Weimar. Tubingen University. Universitats Bibliothek, Marburg. Unversitats Bibliothek, Miinich. — Verein fiir Naturkunde, Cassel. Verein fiir Vaterlandische Natur- kunde, Wiirttemberg. Verein fiir Volkskunde, Berlin. Zoologisches Museum, Berlin. GREAT BRITAIN: Agricultural Experiment Station, Newcastle upon Tyne. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Ashmolean Natural History Society, Oxford. Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical Society. Brighton and Hove Natural History and Philosophical Society. Bristol Museum. British Library of Political Science, London. British Museum, London. British Museum (Natural History), ondon. Cambridge Philosophical Society. Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate XX XVIII (OS aman 8 rs 2 A Re NSN SL AC Ta TET i NIE BNE EC I RY DCS LRN SI SAE BREE LITE ION SA AE SN AR RC BLACK PEPPER A piece of a fruiting pepper vine reproduced from nature Installed in Hall of Plant Life (Hall 29) Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories One-eighth natural size ne a Viele eo ee te | JAN. 1928 Cambridge University. Department of Science and Industrial Research, London. Dove Marine Laboratory, Culler- coats. Fisheries Board, Edinburgh. Geological Society, Edinburgh. Geological Society, Liverpool. Geological Survey England and Wales, London. Geological Survey of Scotland, Edin- burgh. Geologists’ Association, London. Hull Municipal Museum. Imperial Bureau of Entomology, London. Japan Society of London. Lancashire Sea Fisheries Laboratory, Liverpool. Leicester Museum, Art Gallery and Library. Linnean Society, London. Liverpool Biological Society. Liverpool Free Public Museum. London School of Economics and Political Science. Manchester Literary and Philosoph- ical Society. Manchester Museum. Marine Biological Association, Ply- mouth. National Indian Association, London. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. Natural History Society of Glasgow. Oriental Ceramic Society, London (gift). Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, London. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Brit- ain and Ireland, London. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Royal Colonial Institute, London. Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, Falmouth. Royal Geographical Society, London. Royal Horticultural Society, London. Royal Society, London. Royal Society of Arts, London. Royal Society of Edinburgh. School of Oriental Studies, London. South London Entomological and Natural History Society. Speleological Society, Bristol. Tring Zoological Museum. Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Wellcome Research Laboratories, London. Zoological Society, London. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 311 HUNGARY: Magyar Természettudomanyi T4r- sulat, Budapest. Musée National Hongrois, Budapest. Royal Hungary School of Engineer- ing, Mines and Forests, Budapest. INDIA: Anthropological Society, Bornbay. Archaeological Department, Hyder- abad. Archaeological Survey, Allahabad. Archaeological Survey, Burma, Ran- goon. - Archaeological Survey, Calcutta. Archaeological Survey, Madras. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta. Bihar and Orissa Research Society, Patna. Botanical Survey, Calcutta. Department of Agriculture, Bombay. Department of Agriculture, Madras. Department of Agriculture, Poona. Department of Agriculture, Pusa. Geological Survey, Calcutta. Government Cinchona Plantations, Calcutta. Government of India, Calcutta. Government Museum, Madras. Hyderabad Archaeological Society. Indian Museum, Calcutta. Journal of Indian Botany, Madras. Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta. University of Calcutta. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. IRELAND: Belfast Natural History and Philo- sophical Society. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin. University of Dublin. ITALY: Musei Zoologia e Anatomia, Genoa. Musei Zoologia e Anatomia Compa- rata, Turin. Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genoa. R. Accademia della Scienze, Naples. R. Accademia delle Scienze, Turin. R. Accademia Nazionale del Lincei, ; ome. R. Orto Botanico Giardino Coloniale, Palermo. R. Scuola Superiore di Agricultura, Portici. R. Societa Geografica Italiana, Rome. Societa dei Naturalisti, Naples. Societa di Scienze Naturali ed Eco- nomiche, Florence. Societa Geologica Italiana, Rome. 312 FreLD Museum oF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII Societa Italiana de Scienze Naturali, Milan. Societa Reale dei Napoli. Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Pisa. Ufficio Geologico d’Italia, Rome. JAPAN: Anthropological Society of Tokyo. Department of Agriculture of For- mosa. Government General, Museum of Chosen. Government Research Institute, Tao- hoku, Formosa. Imperial Academy of Tokyo. Imperial Geologicai Society, Tokyo. Imperial Geological Survey, Tokyo. Imperial Household Museums, Tokyo. Imperial University, Tokyo. Imperial University, College of Agri- culture, Kyoto. Ornithological Society, Tokyo. Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai. Tokyo Botanical Society. JAVA: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kun- sten en Wetenschappen, Batavia. Department of Agriculture, Buiten- ZOrg. Be Crna Bureau, Weltevre- en. Jardin Botanique, Weltevreden. K. Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch-Indie, Weltevreden. MEXICO: Instituto Geologico de Mexico. Museo Nacional de Arqueologia, Historia y Ethnografia, Mexico. Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomen- to, Direccion de Antropologia, Mexico. Secretaria de Educacion Publica, Mexico. Sociedad Cientifica ‘‘Antonio Alzate’’ Mexico. Sociedad de Geografia y Estadistica, Mexico. Sociedad Forestal de Mexico. Sociedad Geologica Mexicana, Mex- ico. NETHERLANDS: Bataafsch Genootschap der Proef- ondervinde lijke Wijsgegierte, Rotterdam. K. Akademie van Wetenschappen, . Amsterdam. K. Instituut voor de Taal-Land-en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Indie, Hague. K. Nederlandsch Aardrijkundig Ge- nootschap, Amsterdam. Leiden Museum. Museum voor Land-en Volkenkunde en Maritiem Museum ‘Prinz Hendrik,’”’ Rotterdam. Nederlandsche Phytopathologische Vereeniging, Wageningen. Nederlandsch Vogelkundigen Club, Leiden. as Ethnographisch Museum, Lei- en. Rijks Geologisch-Mineralogisches Museum, Leiden. Rijks Herbarium, Leiden. Rijks Hoogers Land-Tuin-en Bosch- bousschool, Wageningen. Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke His- torie, Leiden. Rijks Universiteit, Leiden. Universiteit van Amsterdam. NEW ZEALAND: Auckland Institute and Museum, Wellington. Canterbury Museum, Christchurch. Cawthorn Institute, Nelson. Department of Agriculture, Well- ington. Department of Mines, Wellington. Dominion Museum, Wellington. Geological Survey, Wellington. New Zealand Board of Science and Art, Wellington. NORWAY: Bergen Museums. Ethnographical Museum of Oslo Norges Geologiske Unde@grskelse, Oslo. Norsk Geologisk Forening, Oslo. Physiographiske Forening, Oslo. Tromso Museum. Zoologiske Museum, Oslo. PALESTINE: Institute of Agriculture and Natural History, Tel-Aviv. Palestine Oriental! Society, Jerusalem. PARAGUAY: Sociedad Cientifica, Asuncion. PERU: Revista del Archivo Nacional, Lima. POLAND: Académie Polonaise des Sciences et des Amis, Cracow. i Instytut nauk Antropologicznych JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT Towarzystwa Naukwego Wars- zawskiego, Warsaw. Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalia, Warsaw. Société Botanique de Pologne, War- saw. PORTUGAL: Academia Real Sciencias, Lisbon. Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon. Universidade de Coimbra, Zoologico. Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon. ROUMANIA: Université de Jassy. RUSSIA: Académie des Sciences, Leningrad. Botanical Garden, Leningrad. Institute of Economic Mineralogy and Petrography, Moscow. Musée d’Anthropologie, Leningrad. Musée d’Etat de la Région Indus- trielle Centrale, Moscow. Musée Géologique de Minéralogie Pierre le Grande, Leningrad. Russian Zoological Journal, Moscow. Société des Amis des Sciences Na- turelles, d’ Anthropologie et d’Eth- nographie, Moscow. Société des Naturalistes, Leningrad. Société Ouralienne d’Amis des Sci- ences Naturelles, Ekaterinberg. SPAIN: Instituciéd Catalana d’Historia Na- tural, Barcelona. Associacio Catalana d’Antropologia, Etnologia i Prehistoria, Barcelona. Junta de Ciencies Naturals, Barce- lona. Junta para Amplicacién de Estudios e Investigaciones Cientificas, Ma- drid. Musei de Ciencias Naturales, Ma- idrid. R. Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Madrid. Sociedad Espanola de Antropologia, Ktnografia y Prehistoria, Madrid. Sociedad Espanola de Historia Na- tural, Madrid. SWEDEN: Goteborgs Botanika Tradgrad. Geologiska Institutet, Stockholm. K. Biblioteket, Stockholm. K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, Stockholm. K. Vetenskaps-och Vitterhets-Sam- halle, Goteborg. . Museu OF THE DIRECTOR 313 K. Vitterhet Historie och Antikvitets Akademien, Stockholm. Lunds Universitet. SWITZERLAND: Botanischer Garten, Bern. Botanisches Museum, Ziirich. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneva. Musée d’Histoire Naturelle, sanne. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Basel. Devoe oeeche ads Gesellschaft, Zii- rich. Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel. Schweizerische Entomologische Ge- sellschaft, Bern. Société Botanique, Geneva. Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle, Geneva. Société Helvétique des Sciences Na- turelles, Bern. Société Neuchateloise de Géographie, Neuchatel. Société Suisse d’Anthropologie et d’Ethnologie, Bern. Société Zoologique, Geneva. URUGUAY: Museo Nacional, Montevideo. VENEZUELA: Cultura Venezolana, Caracas. Museo Comercial de Venezolana, Caracas. WEST INDIES: Academia Nacional de la Artes y Letras, Havana. Biblioteca Nacional, Havana. Department of Agriculture, Bridge- Lau- town. Department of Agriculture, King- ston. Insular Experiment Station, Rio Piedras. Trinidad and Tobago Department of Agriculture, Port of Spain. Universidad de Habana. Alvarez, Antenor, Santiago del Estero (gift). Beaux, Oscar de, Geneva. Borodin, N., (gift). Castellanos, Alfredo, (gift). Collinge, Walter E., York. Dingwall, Kenneth, London (gift). Dunod, Henri, Paris. Dyes, W. A., Berlin (gift). Frankenberg, G., Braunschweig. Frankfort, H., London (gift). Buenos’ Aires 314 Fre_D Museum or NaTuRAL HistoRY—REports, VOL. VII Friedlander und Sohn, Berlin (gift). Gladstone, Hugh S., Dumfriesshire (gift). Gleerup, C. W. K., Lund. Gowdey, C. C., Kingston. Gumaraes, Antonio, Jr., Sao Paulo GHD Heim, Albert, Zitirich. Herter, Guillermo, Montevideo (gift). Hertzel, Harry J. S., Brussels (gift). Hornell, James, London (gift). Huard, V. A., Quebec. _ Hunke, Hugo, Berlin (gift). Joicey, J. J., Witley. Joyce, T. A., London. Kuroda, N., Tokyo (gift). Langdon, S., Oxford (gift). Lecomte, Henri, Paris (gift). Levy-Bruhl, Lucien, Paris. Lindblom, Gerhard, Stockholm (gift). Looser, Gualterio, Santiago (gift). Loppe, Etienne, LaRochelle. Lowe, Perey R., London. Maisonneuve, Adrien, Paris. Martinez, J. Hernandez, Merida. Meek, Alexander, Durham. f Mertens, Robert, Frankfurt a M. (gift). Miller, Lorenz, Munich. ; N4andor, Gimesi, Budapest (gift). Outes, Felix F., Buenos Aires. Passerini, N., Florence (gift). Pinto do Fonseca, José, S40 Paulo (gift). Pittier, Henri, Caracas. Richter, R. E., Frankfurt a. M. Rinne, Friedrich, Leipzig., Rivet, P., Paris. Rodrigues da Silveira, Fernando, Rio de Janeiro (gift). Roeder, Gunther, Hildesheim (gift). Roth, Walter E., Christianburg. Rout, Ettie A., London (gift). Schinz, Hans, Ziirich. Schlaginhaufen, Otto, Ziirich. Spencer, L. J., London. Soderstrom, Adolf, Upsala (gift). Strand, Embrik, Riga (gift). Sztoleman, Jan, Warsaw (gift). Talbot, G., Witley (gift). Tratz, Edward Paul, Salzburg (gift). Tyties, Edward J. Mrs., London (gift). Uchida, Leinosuke, Tokyo (gift). Walsh, George B., Scarborough. Wuelff, E. W., Leningrad. Zimanyi, Karl, Budapest. ALABAMA: ) Geological Survey, University. ARIZONA: Arizona Museum, Phoenix. CALIFORNIA: Agricultural Berkeley. Balboa Park Museum, San Diego. Board of Fish and Game Commis- sioners, Sacramento. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. Cooper Ornithological Club, Holly- wood. Los Angeles Museum. Natural History Museum, San Diego. Pomona College, Claremont. ae Diego Society of Natural His- ory. San Diego Zoological Society. Scripps Institution of Biological Research, La Jolla. Southern California Academy of Sciences, Los Angeles. Southwest Museum, Los Angeles. Stanford Museum. State Mining Bureau, Sacramento. University of California, Berkeley. University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Experiment Station, COLORADO: Agricultural Experiment Station, Forth Collins Bureau of Mines, Denver. Colorado College, Colorado Springs. Colorado Museum of Natural His- tory, Denver. State Agricultural Collins. State Historical and Natural History Society, Denver. College, Fort CONNECTICUT: Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven. Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Haven Hartford Public Library. Osborn Botanical Laboratory, New Haven. State Board of Fisheries and Game, Hartford. State Geological and Natural History Survey, Hartford. Storrs Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion. Yale University, New Haven. FLORIDA: State Geological Survey, Tallahasee. GEORGIA: Geological Survey, Atlanta. JAN. 1928 HAWAII: Agricultural Honolulu. Bernice Pauahi Honolulu. Board of Commissioners of Agricul- ture and Forestry, Honolulu. Experiment Station, Bishop Museum, Hawaiian Entomological Society, Honolulu. ee Historical Society, Hono- ulu. Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Associa- tion, Honolulu. Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Hon- olulu. University of Hawaii, Honolulu. IDAHO: State Historical Society of Idaho, Boise. ILLINOIS: . Agricultural Experiment Station> Urbana. Art Institute of Chicago. Board of Education, Chicago. Chicago Academy of Science. Chicago Historical Society. Consulate of Japan, Chicago. Division of Natural History Survey, Urbana. Forestry Service, Urbana. Geographic Society, Chicago. Hardwood Record, Chicago (gift). Inland Printer, Chicago (gift). Izaak Walton League of America, Chicago (gift). John Crerar Library, Chicago. Knox College, Galesburg (gift). Newberry Library, Chicago. Northwestern University, Evanston. Open Court Publishing Company, Chicago. aoe ony of Science, Spring- eld. State Board of Agriculture, Spring- field. State Geological Survey, Springfield. State Historical Library, Springfield. State Water Survey, Urbana. University of Chicago. University of Illinois, Urbana. INDIANA: Academy of Science, Indianapolis. Agricultural Experiment Station, Indianapolis. Department of Conservation, Indi- anapolis. Indiana Historical Society, Indian- apolis (gift). Indiana University, Bloomington. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 315 John Herron Art Institute, Indian- apolis. Purdue University, Lafayette. State Board of Forestry, Indianapolis. University of Notre Dame. IOWA: Academy of Science, Des Moines. Agricultural Experiment Station, Ames. Historical, Memorial and Art De- partment, Des Moines. Iowa Geological Survey, Des Moines. Iowa Horticultural Society, Des Moines. University of lowa, Iowa City. KANSAS: Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan. State Board of Agriculture, Topeka. State Geological Survey, Lawrence. State Historical Society, Topeka. University of Kansas, Lawrence. KENTUCKY: Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisville. Kentucky Geological Survey, Frank- fort. LOUISIANA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge. Department of Conservation, Baton Rouge. MAINE: Agricultural Experiment Station, Orono. Bowdoin College, Brunswick. Portland Public Library. MARYLAND: Academy of Science, Baltimore. Agricultural Experiment Station, College Park. Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore. Johns Hopkins University, Balti- more. MASSACHUSETTS: Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst. American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston. American Antiquarian Society, Wor- cester. Boston Public Library. Harvard College, Museum of Com- parative Zoology, Cambridge. 316 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII Harvard University, Arnold Arbore- tum, Jamaica Plain. Harvard University, Gray Herbar- ium, Cambridge. Horticultural Society, Boston. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. New Bedford Free Library. Peabody Institute. Peabody Museum, Cambridge. Peabody Museum, Salem. Phillips Academy, Andover. Salem Public Library. Smith College, Northampton. Springfield City Library Association. Williams College, Williamstown MICHIGAN: Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural College. Department of Conservation, Geolog- ical Survey Division, Lansing. Detroit Institute of Art. Grand Rapids Public Library. Michigan Academy of Science, Ann Arbor. Michigan College of Mines, Hough- ton. Michigan State Library, Lansing. State Board of Agriculture, Lansing. State Board of Library Commissions, Lansing. Three Oaks Historical Society. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. MINNESOTA: Agricultural Experiment Station, University Farm. Minneapolis Institute of Arts. Minnesota Geological Survey, Min- neapolis. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul. Saint Paul Institute, St. Paul. University of Minnesota, Minnea- polis. MISSISSIPPI: Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural College. Mississippi Plant Board, Agricultural College. MISSOURI: Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia. Bureau of Geology and Mines, Rolla. City Art Museum, St. Louis. Missouri Botanic Garden, St. Louis. eu Historical Society, Colum- tae Missouri State Game and Fish De- partment, Columbia. | St. Louis Public Library. University of Missouri, School of Mines, Rolla. Washington University, St. Louis. MONTANA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Bozeman. NEBRASKA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln. NEVADA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Reno. NEW JERSEY: Agricultural Experiment Station, Trenton. Department of Conservation Development, Trenton. Horticultural Society, Trenton. Newark Museums Association. Princeton University. NEW MEXICO: Agricultural Experiment Station, Santa Fe. Historical Society, Santa Fe. New Mexico Museum, Santa Fe. NEW YORK: Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva. American Academy in Rome, New York. American Geographical Society, New York. American Museum of Natural His- tory, New York. American Polish Chamber of Com- merce, New York. Barrett Company, Agricultural De- partment, New York (gift). Bingham Oceanographic Collection, New York (gift). Brocklyn Botanic Garden. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sci- ences. Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. Columbia University, New York. — Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York. Cornell University, Ithaca. Garden Club of America, New York. Japan Society, New York. Bee Museum of Art, New York. and JAN. 1928 Museum of the American Indian, New York. New York Academy of Sciences, New York. New York Botanical Garden, New York. New York Historical Society, New York. New York Linnean Society, New York. New York State Library, Albany. Pratt Institute, New York. Public Library, New York. Rochester Academy of Science. Rochester Municipal Museum. Rockefeller Foundation, New York. State College of Forestry, Syracuse. State Museum, Albany. Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences, New York. Stone Publishing Company, New York. : Tompkins-Kiel Marble Company, New York (gift). United Fruit Company, New York. University of the State of New York, Ibany. Vassar College, Poughkeepsie. Zoological Society, New York. NORTH CAROLINA: Duke University, Durham. Geological and Economic Survey, Raleigh. Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, Chapel Hill. NORTH DAKOTA: Geological Survey, University Sta- tion. State Historical Society, Bismarck. University of North Dakota, Uni- versity. OHIO: Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster. Cincinnati Museums Association. Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Museum of Natural His- tory. Cleveland Public Library. Denison University, Granville. Geological Survey, Columbus. Oberlin College. Ohio Academy of Science, Columbus. State Archaeological and Historical Society, Columbus. State University, Columbus. University of Cincinnati. Wilson Ornithological Club, Oberlin. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 317 OKLAHOMA: Oklahoma Academy of Science, Nor- man. Oklahoma Geological Survey, Nor- man. University of Oklahoma, Norman. OREGON: Agricultural Experiment Station, Corvallis. University of Oregon, Eugene. PENNSYLVANIA: Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia. Agricultural Experiment Station, Harrisburg. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. Antivenin Institute of America, Philadelphia. Bryn Mawr College. Bureau of Topographical and Geolog- ical Survey, Harrisburg. Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh. Carnegie Library, Pittsburgh. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Delaware County Institute of Sci- ence, Media. Department of Agriculture, Harris- urg. Department of Forests and Water, Harrisburg. Dropsie College, Philadelphia. Engineers’ Society of Western Penn- sylvania. Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. Lehigh University, Bethlehem. Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art, Philadelphia. Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. Philadelphia Commercial Museum. Sullivant Moss Society, Pittsburgh. University of Pennsylvania, Phila- delphia. University of Pennsylvania, Museum, Philadelphia. Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia. Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Bureau of Education, Manila. Department of Agriculture, Manila. Department of Agriculture and Nat- ural Resources, Manila. Department of Interior, Bureau of Science, Manila. 318 FIELD MusSEUM OF NATURAL HIsToRY—REportTs, VOL. VII SOUTH DAKOTA: Geological and Natural History Sur- vey, Vermilion. State School of Mines, Rapid City. TENNESSEE: Academy of Science, Nashville. Agricultural Experiment Station, Nashville. TEXAS: Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station. Baylor University, Waco. Scientific Society, San Antonio. University of Texas, Austin. UTAH: Agricultural Experiment Station, VERMONT: Agricultural Experiment Station, Burlington. VIRGINIA: Agricultural Experiment Station, State Library, Richmond. RIVE rsiLy of Virginia, Charlottes- ville. WASHINGTON: Agricultural Experiment Station, Seattle. Department of Conservation and Development, Division of Geology, Olympia. Mountaineers, Seattle. Pacific Northwest Bird and Mammal Society, Seattle. Puget Sound Biological Seattle. Washington University, Seattle. Washington University, Historical Society, Seattle. WASHINGTON, D. C. American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science. American Association of Museums, American Mining Congress. Carnegie Endowment for Interna- tional Peace (gift). Carnegie Institution of Washington (gift). Library of Congress. National Academy of Science. National Parks Bulletin. Nationa! Research Council. Pan American Union. Science Service. Smithsonian Institution. United States Government. United States National Museum. Station, WEST VIRGINIA: Academy of Science, Morgantown. State Department of Agriculture, Charleston. West Virginia University, Morgan- town. WISCONSIN: Agricultural Experiment Station, Madison. Beloit College. Geological and Natural History Sur- vey, Madison. Public Museum of Milwaukee. State Horticultural Society, Madison. University of Wisconsin, Madison. Wisconsin Archaeological Society, Madison. Allen, T. George, Chicago (gift). Allen, W. E., Berkeley, California. Ames, Oakes, Boston (gift). Ayer, Edward E., Chicago (gift). Baker, Frank C., Urbana, Illinois. Bangs, Outram, Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. Barnes, R. Magoon, Lacon, Illinois (gift). ) Bergfors, G., New York City (gift). me Ralph, Oshkosh, Wisconsin gift). Cook, Harold J., Agate, Nebraska (gift). Davies, D. C., Chicago (gift). Davis, E. P., Washington, D.C. (gift). Degener, Otto, Honolulu. Essenberg, J. M., Norman, Oklahoma. (gift). Farwell, Oliver A., Detroit (gift). Field, Henry, Chicago (gift). Field, Stanley, Chicago (gift). Firth, Raymond. Friedmann, Herbert, Amherst, Massa- chusetts. Friesser, J., Chicago (gift). Gerhard, W. J., Chicago (gift). Glessner, John J., Chicago (gift.) Gordon, Myron, Ithaca, New York. (gift). Greenman, Emerson, Ann Arbor, Michi- gan (gift). Gunder, J. D., Pasadena, California (gift). Hellmayr, C. E., Chicago (gift). Hubbs, Carl L., Ann Arbor, Michigan. Hutchinson, Mrs. Charles L., Chicago git). J Tae ea R., Frankfort, Kentucky gift). Jones, E. T., New York City, (gift). Kenyon, A. S. JAN. 1928 Kroeber, A. L., Berkeley, California. Larsen, Esther L., St, Louis (gift). Lathrop, 8S. K., Cambridge, Massa- chusetts (gift). Laufer, Berthold, Chicago (gift). Lyon, M. W., Jr. South Bend, Indiana. MeNair, James B., Chicago (gift). Osborn, Henry F., New York City. Osgood, Wilfred H., Chicago (gift). Pallister, John C., Cleveland (gift). ore Henry J., Evanston, Illinois ift gift). Peters, James L., Cambridge, Massa- - chusetts. Procter, William, Bar Harbor, Maine. (gift). Psota, Frank J., Chicago (gift). Schmidt, Karl P., Chicago (gift). Simms, 8S. C., Chicago (gift). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 319 Spivey, Thomas S., Beverly Hills, California (gift). Standley, Paul C., Washington, D. C. (gift). Starr, Frederick, Seattle, Washington. Sternberg, Charles M., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (gift). Strong, R. M., Chicago (gift). Thompson, J. Eric, Chicago (gift). Todd, W. E. Clyde, Pittsburgh. Valentine, Hazel, Chicago (gift). Walker, James W., Chicago (gift). Walpole, Branson A., Hast Lansing, Michigan (gift). Whitlock, Herbert P., New York City (gift) Young, F. B., (gift). Zimmer, John T., Chicago (gift). 320 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsToRY—REports, VOL. VII ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION STATE OF ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF STATE WILLIAM H. HINRICHSEN, Secretary of State To ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, GREETING: Whereas, a Certificate duly signed and acknowledged having been filed in the office of the Secretary of State, on the 16th day of September, A. D. 1893, for the organization of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO, under and in ac- cordance with the provisions of ‘‘An Act Concerning Corporations,’ approved April 18, 1872, and in force July 1, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof, a copy of which certificate is hereto attached. Now, therefore, I, William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State of the State of Illinois, by virtue of the powers and duties vested in me by law, do hereby certify that the said COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO is a legally organized Corporation under the laws of this State. In Testimony Whereof, I hereto set my hand and cause to be affixed the Great Seal of State. Done at the City of Springfield, this 16th day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-three, and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and eighteenth. W.H. HINRICHSEN, [SEAL] Secretary of State. TO HON. WILLIAM H. HINRICHSEN, SECRETARY OF STATE: SIR: We, the undersigned citizens of the United States, propose to form a cor- poration under an act oi the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, entitled “An Act Concerning Corporations,’ approved April 18, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof; and that for the purposes of such organization we hereby state as follows, to-wit: 1. The name of such corporation is the “COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO.” 2. The object for which it is formed is for the accumulation and dis- semination of knowledge, and the preservation and exhibition of objects illus- trating Art, Archeology, Science and History. 3. The management of the aforesaid museum shall be vested in a Board of FIFTEEN (15) TRUSTEES, five of whom are to be elected every year. 4. The following named persons are hereby selected as the Trustees for the first year of its corporate existence: Edward E. Ayer, Charles B. Farwell, George E. Adams, George R. Davis, Charles L. Hutchinson, Daniel H. Burnham, John A. Roche, M. C. Bullock, Emil G. Hirsch, James W. Ellsworth, Allison V. Armour, O. F. Aldis, Edwin Walker, John C. Black and Frank W. Gunsaulus. 5. The location of the Museum is in the City of Chicago, County of Cook, and State of Illinois. (Signed) George E. Adams, C. B. Farwell, Sidney C. Eastman, F. W. Putnam, Robert McCurdy, Andrew Peterson, L. J. Gage, Charles L. Hutchinson, Ebenezer JAN. 1928 | ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 321 Buckingham, Andrew McNally, Edward E. Ayer, John M. Clark, Herman H. Kohlsaat, George Schneider, Henry H. Getty, William R. Harper, Franklin H. Head, E. G. Keith, J. Irving Pearce, Azel F. Hatch, Henry Wade Rogers, Thomas B. Bryan, L. Z. Leiter, A. C. Bartlett, A. A. Sprague, A. C. McClurg, James W. Scott, Geo. F. Bissell, John R. Walsh, Chas. Fitzsimmons, John A. - Roche, FE. B. McCagg, Owen F. Aldis, Ferdinand W. Peck, James H. Dole, Joseph Stockton, Edward B. Butler, John McConnell, R. A. Waller, H. C. Chatfield-Taylor, A. Crawford, Wm. Sooy Smith, P. 8S. Peterson, John C. Black, Jno. J. Mitchell, C. F. Gunther, George R. Davis, Stephen-A. Forbes, Rebert W. Patterson, Jr., M. C. Bullock, Edwin Walker, George M. Pullman, William E. Curtis, James W. Ellsworth, William E. Hale, Wm. T. Baker, Martin A. Ryerson, Huntington W. Jackson, N. B. Ream, Norman Williams, Melville E. Stone, Bryan Lathrop, Eliphalet W. Blatchford, Philip D. Armour. STATE OF ILLINOIS ss. Cook COUNTY I, G. R. MITCHELL, a NOTARY PUBLIC in and for said County, do hereby certify that the foregoing petitioners personally appeared before me and acknowledged severally that they signed the foregoing petition as their free and voluntary act for the uses and purposes therein set forth. Given under my hand and notarial seal this 14th day of September, 1898. G. R. MITCHELL, {SEAL] NOTARY PUBLIC, CooK COUNTY, ILL. CHANGE OF NAME Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 25th day of June, 1894, the name of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was . changed to FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was filed June 26, 1894, in the office of the Secretary of State for [linois. CHANGE OF NAME Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 8th day of November, 1905, the name of the FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. A certificate to this effect was filed November 10, 1905, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 3 Pursuant to a resolution at a meeting of the corporate members held the 10th day of May, 1920, the management of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY shall be invested in a Board of TWENTY-ONE (21) TRUSTEES, who shall be elected in such manner and for such time and term of office as may be provided for by the By-Laws. A certificate to this effect was filed May 21, 1920, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. 322 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REporRTs, VOL. VII AMENDED BY-LAWS JANUARY 1928 ARTICLE I MEMBERS SECTION 1. Members shall be of eleven classes, Corporate Members, Hon- orary Members, Patrons, Benefactors, Fellows, Life Members, Non-Resident Life Members, Associate Members, Non-Resident Associate Life Members, Sustaining Members, and Annual Members. SECTION 2. The Corporate Members shall consist of the persons named in the articles of incorporation, and of such other persons as shall be chosen from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, upon the recom- mendation of the Executive Committee; provided, that such person named in the articles of incorporation shall, within ninety days from the adoption of these By-Laws, and persons hereafter chosen as Corporate Members shall, within ninety days of their election, pay into the treasury the sum of twenty dollars ($20.00) or more. Corporate Members becoming Life Members, Patrons or. Honorary Members shall be exempt from dues. Annual meetings of said Corporate Members shall be held at the same place and on the same day that the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees is held. SECTION 8. Honorary Members shall be chosen by the Board from among persons who have rendered eminent service to science, and only upon unanimous nomination of the Executive Committee. They shall be exempt from all dues. SECTION 4. Patrons shall be chosen by the Board upon recommendation of the Executive Committee from among persons who have rendered eminent ser- vice to the Museum. They shall be exempt from all dues, and, by virtue of their election as Patrons, shall also be Corporate Members. SECTION 5. Any person contributing or devising the sum of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00) in cash, or securities, or property to the funds of the Museum, may be elected a Benefactor of the Museum. SECTION 6. Any person contributing the sum of Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000.00) in cash or securities to the funds of the Museum, may be elected a Fellow of the Museum, who after being so elected shall have the right in perpetuity to appoint the successor in said Fellowship. SECTION 7. Any person paying into the treasury the sum of Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00), at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Life Member. Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to mem- bers of the Board of Trustees. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Life Member. Non-Resident Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to members of the Board of Trustees. SECTION 8. Any person paying into the treasury of the Museum the sum of one hundred dollars ($100.00), at any one time, shall upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become an Associate Member. Associate Members shall be entitled to: tickets admitting member and members of family, including non- resident home guests; all publications of the Museum, if so desired; reserved seats for all lectures and entertainments under the auspices of the Museum, pro- vided reservation is requested in advance; and admission of holder of member- ship and accompanying party to all special exhibits and Museum functions day or evening. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of Fifty Dollars ($50.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Associate Life JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 323 Member. Non-Resident Associate Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to Associate Members. SECTION 9. Sustaining Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of twenty-five dollars ($25.00), payable within thirty days after notice of election and within thirty days after each recurring annual date. This Sustaining Membership entitles the member to free admission for the member and family to the Museum on any day, the Annual Report and such other Museum documents or publications as may be requested in writing. When a Sustaining Member has paid the annual fee of $25.00 for six years, such mem- ber shall be entitled to become an Associate Member. SECTION 10. Annual Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of ten dollars ($10.00), payable within thirty days after each recurring annual date. An Annual Membership shall entitle the member to a ecard of admission for the member and family during all hours when the Museum is open to the public, and free admission for the member and family to all Museum lectures or entertainments. This membership will also entitle the holder to the courtesies of the membership privileges of every Museum of note in the United States and Canada, so long as the existing system of co- operative interchange of membership tickets shall be maintained, including tickets for any lectures given under the auspices of any of the Museums during a visit to the cities in which the cooperative museums are located. SECTION 11. All membership fees, excepting Sustaining and Annual, shail hereafter be applied to a permanent Membership Endowment Fund, the interest only of which shali be applied for the use of the Museum as the Board of Trustees may order. ARTICLE II BOARD OF TRUSTEES SECTION 1. The Board of Trustees shall consist of twenty-one members. The respective members of the Board now in office, and those who shall here- after be elected, shall hold office during life. Vacancies occurring in the Board shall be filled at a regular meeting of the Board, upon the nomination of the Executive Committee made at a preceding regular meeting of the Board, by a majority vote of the members of the Board present. SECTION 2. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held on the third Mon- day of each month. Special meetings may be called at any time by the President, and shall be called by the Secretary upon the written request of three Trustees. Five Trustees shall constitute a quorum, except for the election of officers or the adoption of the Annual Budget, when seven Trustees shall be required, but meet- ings may be adjourned by any less number from day to day, or to a day fixed, previous to the next regular meeting. SECTION 8. Reasonable written notice, designating the time and place of holding meetings, shall be given by the Secretary. ARTICLE III HONORARY TRUSTEES SECTION 1. As a mark of respect, and in appreciation of services performed for the Institution, those Trustees who by reason of inability, on account of change of residence, or for other cause or from indisposition to serve longer in such capacity shall resign their place upon the Board, may be elected, by a majority of those present at any regular meeting of the Board, an Honorary Trustee for life. Such Honorary Trustee will receive notice of all meetings of the Board of Trustees, whether regular or special, and will be expected to be present at all such meetings and participate in the deliberations thereof, but an Honorary Trustee shall not have the right to vote. 324 FIELD Museum oF NATURAL HIsTtorRY—REports, VOu. VII ARTICLE IV OFFICERS SECTION 1. The officers shall be a President, a First Vice-President, a Second Vice-President, a Third Vice-President, a Secretary, an Assistant Secre- tary anda Treasurer. They shall be chosen by ballot by the Board of Trustees, a majority of those present and voting being necessary to elect. The President, the First Vice-President, the Second Vice-President, and the Third Vice-Presi- dent shall be chosen from among the members of the Board of Trustees. The meeting for the election of officers shall be held on the third Monday of January of each year, and shall be called the Annual Meeting. SECTION 2. The officers shall hold office for one year, or until their suc- cessors are elected and qualified, but any officer may be removed at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the Board. Vacancies in any office may be filled by the Board at any meeting. SECTION 3. The officers shall perform such duties as ordinarily appertain to their respective offices, and such as shall be prescribed by the By-Laws, c or designated from time to time by the Board of Trustees. ARTICLE V THE TREASURER SECTION 1. The Treasurer shall be custodian of the funds of the Corpor- ation except as hereinafter provided. He shall make disbursements only upon warrants drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the President, may be countersigned by one of the Vice-Presidents, or any member of the Finance Committee. SECTION 2. The securities and muniments of title belonging to the cor- poration shall be placed in the custody of some Trust Company of Chicago to be designated by the Board of Trustees, which Trust Company shall .collect the income and principal of said securities as the same become due, and pay same to the Treasurer, except as hereinafter provided. Said Trust Company shall allow access to and deliver any or all securities or muniments of title to the joint order of the following officers, namely The President or one of the Vice-Presidents, jointly with the Chairman, or one of the Vice-Chairmen, of the Finance Committee of the Museum. SECTION 8. The Treasurer shall give bond in such amount, and with such sureties as shall be approved by the Board of Trustees. SECTION 4. The Harris Trust & Savings Bank of Chicago shall be Cus- todian of ‘The N. W. Harris Public School Extension of Field Museum’ fund. The bank shall make disbursements only upon warrants drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the President, may be countersigned by one of the Vice- Presidents, or any member of the Finance Committee. ARTICLE VI THE DIRECTOR SECTION 1. The Board of Trustees shall elect a Director of the Museum, who shall remain in office until his successor shall be elected. He shall have im- mediate charge and supervision of the Museum, and shall control the operations of the Institution, subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and its Committees. The Director shall be the official medium of communication be- pee the Board, or its Committees, and the scientific staff and maintenance orce SECTION 2. There shall be four scientific departments of the Museum— Anthropology, Botany, Geology and Zoology; each under the charge of a JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 325 Curator, subject to the authority of the Director. The Curators shall be ap- pointed by the Board upon the recommendation of the Director, and shall serve during the pleasure of the Board. Subordinate staff officers in the scientific departments shall be appointed and removed by the Director upon the recommendation of the Curators of the respective Departments. The ees shall have authority to employ and remove all other employees of the useum. SECTION 8. The Director shall make report to the Board at each regular meeting, recounting the operations of the Museum for the previous month. At the Annual Meeting, the Director shall make an Annual Report, reviewing the work for the previous year, which Annual Report shall be published in pamphlet form for the information of the Trustees and Members, and for free distribution in such number as the Board may direct. ARTICLE VII AUDITOR SECTION 1. The Board shall appoint an Auditor, who shall hold his office during the pleasure of the Board. He shal! keep proper books of account, set- ting forth the financial condition and transactions of the Corporation, and of the Museum, and report thereon at each regular meeting, and at such other times as may be required by the Board. He shall certify to the correctness of all bills rendered for the expenditure of the money of the Corporation. ARTICLE VIII COMMITTEES SECTION 1. There shall be five Committees, as follows: Finance, Building, Auditing, Pension and Executive. : SECTION 2. The Finance Committee shall consist of five members, the Auditing and Pension Committees shall each consist of three members, and the Building Committee shall consist of five members. All members of these four Committees shall be elected by ballot by the Board at the Annual Meeting, and shall hold office for one year, and until their successors are elected and quali- fied. In electing the members of these Committees, the Board shall designate the Chairman and Vice-Chairman by the order in which the members are named in the respective Committee; the first member named shall be Chair- man, the second named the Vice-Chairman, and the third named, Second Vice- chairman, succession to the Chairmanship being in this order in the event of the absence or disability of the Chairman. SECTION 8. The Executive Committee shall consist of the President of the Board, the Chairman of the Finance Committee, the Chairman of the Building Committee, the Chairman of the Auditing Committee, the Chairman of the Pension Committee, and three other members of the Board to be elected by ballot at the Annual Meeting. SECTION 4, Four members shall constitute a quorum of the Executive Com- mittee, and in all standing Committees two members shall constitute a quorum. In the event that, owing to the absence or inability of members, a quorum of the regular elected members cannot be present at any meeting of any Com- mittee, then the Chairman thereof, or his successor, as herein provided, may summon any members of the Board of Trustees to act in place of the absentee. SECTION 5. The Finance Committee shall have supervision of investing the endowment and other permanent funds of the Corporation, and the care of such real estate as may become its property. It shall have authority to invest, sell, and reinvest funds, subject to the approval of the Board. SECTION 6. The Building Committee shall have supervision of the con- struction, reconstruction, and extension of any and all buildings used for Museum purposes. SECTION 7. The Executive Committee shall be called together from time to time as the Chairman may consider necessary, or as he may be requested 326 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII to do by three members of the Committee, to act upon such matters affecting the administration of the Museum as cannot await consideration at the Regular Monthly Meetings of the Board of Trustees. It shall, before the beginning of each fiscal year, prepare and submit to the Board an itemized Budget, setting forth the probable receipts from all sources for the ensuing year, and make recommendations as to the expenditures which should be made for routine maintenance and fixed charges. Upon the adoption of the Budget by the Board, the expenditures as stated are authorized. SECTION 8. The Auditing Committee shall have supervision over all ac- counting and bookkeeping, and full control of the financial records. It shall cause the same, once each year, or oftener, to be examined by an expert indi- vidual or firm, and shall transmit the report of such expert individual or firm to the Board at the next ensuing regular meeting after such examination shall have taken place. SECTION 9. The Pension Committee shall determine by such means and processes as shall be established by the Board of Trustees to whom and in what amount the Pension Fund shall be distributed. These determinations or findings shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees. SECTION 10. The Chairman of each Committee shall report the acts and proceedings thereof at the next ensuing regular meeting of the Board. SECTION 11. The President shall be ex-officio a member of all Committees and Chairman of the Executive Committee. Vacancies occurring in any Com- mittee may be filled by ballot at any regular meeting of the Board. ARTICLE Ix NOMINATING COMMITTEE SECTION 1. At the November meeting of the Board each year, a Nomi- nating Committee of three shall be chosen by lot. Said Committee shall make nominations for membership of the Finance Committee, the Building Commit- tee, the Auditing Committee, and the Pension Committee, and for three mem- bers of the Executive Committee, from among the Trustees, to be submitted at the ensuing December meeting and voted upon at the following Annual Meeting in January. ARTICLE X SECTION 1. Whenever the word ‘‘Museum”’ is employed in the By-Laws of the Corporation, it shall be taken to mean the building in which the Museum as an Institution is located and operated, the material exhibited, the material in study collections, or in storage, furniture, fixtures, cases, tools, records, books, and all appurtenances of the Institution and the workings, researches, installa- tions, expenditures, field work, laboratories, library, publications, lecture courses, and all scientific and maintenance activities. SECTION 2. These By-Laws may be amended at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a two-thirds vote of all the members present, provided the amendment shall have been proposed at a preceding regular meeting. cre 2 a ene a a a en er mc — ee (88 N®H) eH wWByerH "Yy Wout VY SIU “Yy SepreyO Aq suluted jeiny (sdojn1290}01d) SUNVSONICG ONIAVT OO AIogSIET [eInyeN JO wNosny] PLAT KIXXX 9d ‘TIA "JOA ‘sqiodey. Dye Th HI} \ JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 327 FOUNDER * MARSHALL FIELD BENEFACTORS Those who have contributed $100,000 or more to the Museum *AYER, EDWARD E. *HARRIS, NORMAN W. BUCKINGHAM, Miss Kats S. *HIGINBOTHAM, HARLOW N. *FIELD, JOSEPH N. *PULLMAN, GEORGE M. FIELD, CAPTAIN MARSHALL FIELD, STANLEY GRAHAM, ERNEST R. SIMPSON, JAMES HARRIS, ALBERT W. *STURGES, Mrs. Mary D. RAYMOND, Mrs. ANNA LOUISE *RAYMOND, JAMES NELSON HONORARY MEMBERS Those who have rendered eminent service to Science *AYER, EDWARD E. *JONES, ARTHUR B. AYER, Mrs. EDWARD E. BLACKSTONE, Mrs. T. B. BREASTED, PROF. JAMES H. KEEP, CHAUNCEY LuDWIG, H. R. H. Gustar ADOLF, CROWN PRINCE OF SWEDEN CHALMERS, WILLIAM J. McCoRMICK, STANLEY - CRANE, CHARLES R. CRANE, RICHARD T., JR. ROSENWALD, JULIUS ROSENWALD, Mrs. AUGUSTA N. FIELD, CAPTAIN MARSHALL RYERSON, MARTIN A. FIELD, STANLEY SARGENT, HOMER E. GRAHAM, ERNEST R. SIMPSON, JAMES HARRIS, ALBERT W. SPRAGUE, ALBERT A. PATRONS Those who have rendered eminent service to the Museum *AKELEY, CARL E. KNIGHT, CHARLES R. ARMOUR, ALLISON V. KUNZ, GEORGE F. BORLAND, Mrs. JoHN JAY - LANGDON, PROF. STEPHEN BUTLER, EDWARD B. MARKHAM, CHARLES H. * MITCHELL, JOHN J. CHERRIE, GEORGE K. ‘ COLLINS, ALFRED M. PAYNE, JOHN BARTON CONOVER, BOARDMAN PROBST, EDWARD CUMMINGS, Mrs. ROBERT F. RAWSON, FREDERICK H. CUTTING, C. SUYDAM ROOSEVELT, KERMIT ROCSEVELT, THEODORE SARGENT, HOMER E. ELLSWORTH, DUNCAN S. SMITH, Mrs. GEORGE T. KELLEY, WILLIAM V. STRSUR BIEES KENNEDY, VERNON SHAW WHITE, HOWARD J. *DECEASED Day, LEE GARNETT 328 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpoRTS, VOL. VII CORPORATE MEMBERS *AKELEY, CARL E. ARMOUR, ALLISON V. *AYER, EDWARD E, BLAIR, WATSON F. BORDEN, JOHN BORLAND, MRS. JOHN JAY BUTLER, EDWARD B. BYRAM, HARRY E. CHALMERS, W. J. CHATFIELD-TAYLOR, H. C. CHERRIE, GEORGE K. COLLINS, ALFRED M. CONOVER, BOARDMAN CRANE, RICHARD T., JR. CUMMINGS, Mrs. ROBERT F. CUTTING, C. SUYDAM DAVIES, D. C. DAY, LEE GARNETT EASTMAN, SIDNEY C. ELLSWORTH, DUNCAN S&S. FIELD, CAPTAIN MARSHALL FIELD, STANLEY *GAGE, LYMAN J. GRAHAM, ERNEST R. HARRIS, ALBERT W. *JoNES, ARTHUR B, “DECEASED KEEP, CHAUNCEY KELLEY, WILLIAM V. KENNEDY, VERNON SHAW KNIGHT, CHARLES R. KUNZ, GEORGE F. LANGDON, PROF. STEPHEN McCormick, Cyrus H. MARKHAM, CHARLES H. * MITCHELL, JOHN J. MITCHELL, WILLIAM H. PAYNE, JOHN BARTON *PORTER, GEORGE F. PROBST, EDWARD RAWSON, FREDERICK H. ROOSEVELT, KERMIT ROOSEVELT, THEODORE RYERSON, MARTIN A. SARGENT, HOMER E. SIMPSON, JAMES SMITH, Mrs. GEORGE T. SMITH, SOLOMON A. SPRAGUE, ALBERT A. STONE, MELVILLE E. STRAWN, SILAS H. WHITE, HOWARD J. WRIGLEY, WILLIAM, JR. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 329 LIFE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $500 to the Museum ABBOTT, ROBERT S. ALDIS, ARTHUR T. ALEXANDER, WILLIAM A. ALLERTON, ROBERT H. AMES, JAMES C. - AMES, KNOWLTON L. ARMOUR, ALLISON V. ARMOUR, A. WATSON ARMOUR, LESTER AVERY, SEWELL L. BABCOCK, FREDERICK R. BACON, EDWARD RICHARDSON, JR. BANKS, ALEXANDER F. BARRETT, Mrs. A. D. BARRETT, ROBERT L. BASSFORD, LOWELL C. BENDIX, VINCENT BENSABOTT, R. BILLINGS, C. K. G. BILLINGS, Dr. FRANK BLACKSTONE, Mrs. T. B. BLAINE, Mrs. EMMONS BLAIR, HENRY A. BLAIR, WATSON F. Buock, L. E. BLock, PHILIP D. BootuH, W. VERNON BORDEN, JOHN BORDEN, Mrs. WALLER BORLAND, CHAUNCEY B. BRADLEY, J. DORR BRANNAN, GEORGE E. BREWSTER, WALTER S. Bross, Mrs. MASon BROWN, CHARLES EDWARD BROWN, WILLIAM L. BUCHANAN, D. W. BupDD, BRITTON I. BUFFINGTON, EUGENE J. BURNHAM, JOHN BurRT, WILLIAM G. BUTLER, EDWARD B. BUTLER, JULIUS W. BYRAM, HARRY E. CARPENTER, AuGuSsTUS A. CARPENTER, Mrs. HUBBARD CARR, ROBERT F. CARRY, EDWARD F. CARTON, L. A. CHALMERS, WILLIAM J. CHALMERS, MRs. WILLIAM J. CHANDLER, REUBEN G. CLARK, EUGENE B. CLAY, JOHN CLEGG, Mrs. HENRY G. CLEGG, WILLIAM G. CLEGG, Mrs. WILLIAM G. CLINCH, R. FLOYD CiLow, WILLIAM E. CONOVER, BOARDMAN CoPLEY, COL. IRA CLIFF, (N. R.) CORLEY, F. D. COWLES, ALFRED CRAMER, CORWITH CRAMER, #. W. CRAMER, Mrs. KATHARINE S. CRANE, CHARLES R. CRANE, RICHARD T.., JR. CROSSETT, EDWARD C. CROSSLEY, SIR KENNETH CROSSLEY, LADY JOSEPHINE CROWELL, H. P. CUDAHY, EDWARD A., CUDAHY, EDWARD A., JR. CUDAHY, JOSEPH M. CUMMINGS, D. MARK CUNNINGHAM, FRANK S&S. CUNNINGHAM, JAMES D. CurRTIS, MRS. ROBERT M. CUTTEN, ARTHUR W. DAU dL de DAvIiES, D. C. DAVIES, Mrs. D. C. DAWES, CHARLES G. Day, ALBERT M, DECKER, ALFRED DEFREES, JOSEPH H. DELANO, FREDERIC A. DEWOLF, WALLACE L. Dick, ALBERT BLAKE DIERSSEN, FERDINAND W. DIXON, GEORGE W. DONNELLEY, REUBEN H. DONNELLEY, THOMAS E. DOUGLAS, JAMES H. DRAKE, JOHN B. DRAKE, TRACY C. ECKHART, B. A. EDMUNDS, PHILIP S. EWING, CHARLES HULL FARNUM, HENRY W. FARR, Miss SHIRLEY FARRINGTON, DR. OLIVER C. FARWELL, ARTHUR L. FARWELL, FRANCIS C. FARWELL, JOHN V. FARWELL, WALTER Fay, C.N. FELT, Dork E. FENTON, HOWARD W. FERGUSON, LouISs A. FERRY, Mrs. ABBY FARWELL FIELD, JOSEPH NASH, II] FIELD, CAPTAIN MARSHALL FIELD, NORMAN FIELD, Mrs. NORMAN FIELD, Mrs. SARA CARROLL FIELD, STANLEY FLEMING, JOHN C. FORGAN, DAVID R. FYFFE, COLIN C. H. GARDNER, PAUL E. GARTZ, A. F. Gary, Mrs. JOHN W. GETZ, GEORGE F. GLESSNER, JOHN J. GODDARD, LEROY A. GOODMAN, WILLIAM O. GoopRICcH, A. W. GOODSPEED, CHARLES B. GOWING, J. PARKER GRAHAM, ERNEST R. GRISCOM, CLEMENT A. HACK, FREDERICK C. HAMILL, ALFRED E. HARRIS, ALBERT W. HARRIS, NORMAN W. HARVEY, Forp F. (N. R.) HASKELL, FREDERICK T. HASTINGS, SAMUEL M. HEYWORTH, JAMES O. HIBBARD, FRANK Hitt, Louis W. HINDE, THOMAS W. HINKLEY, JAMES OTIS HippacH, Louis A. HopkKINsS, J. M. HoPKINS, L. J. Horowitz, L. J. 330 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII Hoyt, N. LANDON HUGHES, THOMAS S. HUGHITT, MARVIN INSULL, SAMUEL INSULL, SAMUEL, JR. JARNAGIN, WILLIAM N. JELKE, JOHN F. JELKE, JOHN F., JR. JOHNSON, Mrs. ELIZABETH AYER JONES, Mrs. ARTHUR B. JONES, Miss GWETHALYN JONES, THOMAS D. KEEP, CHAUNCEY KELLER, THEODORE C. KELLEY, MRS. DAPHNE FIELD KELLEY, RUSSELL P. KELLEY, WILLIAM V. KING, CHARLES GARFIELD KING, FRANCIS KING, JAMES G. KIRK, WALTER RADCLIFFE KITTLE, C. M. KNICKERBOCKER, CHARLES K. KUPPENHEIMER, LOUIS B. LAMONT, ROBERT P, LANDON, MRS. JESSIE SPALDING (N. R.) LEHMANN, E. J. LEONARD, CLIFFORD M. LEvy, Mrs. Davip M. LINN, W. R. LOGAN, SPENCER H. LORD, JOHN B. LOWDEN, FRANK O. LYTTON, GEORGE LYTTON, HENRY C. MAcDOWELL, CHARLES H. MACVEAGH, FRANKLIN MANIERRE, MRS. GEORGE MARK, CLAYTON MARKHAM, CHARLES H. MARSHALL, BENJAMIN H. MARTIN, WILLIAM P., SR. MASON, WILLIAM §. McCorRMIck, Cyrus H. McCormIck, MRs. EDITH ROCKEFELLER McCorMICK, HAROLD F. McCorMIck, STANLEY McCUTCHEON, JOHN T. McILVAINE, WILLIAM B. McINNERNEY, THOMAS H. JAN. 1928 McKINLAY, JOHN MCcKINLOCK, GEORGE A. McLAUGHLIN, FREDERIC MCLAUGHLIN, GEORGE D. McLENNAN, D. R. McLENNAN, HUGH McNULTY, T. J. MEYNE, GERHARDT F. MINER, W. H. MITCHELL, WILLIAM H. MocoreE, EDWARD S. MORSE, CHARLES H., JR. MorRTON, Joy MorTON, MARK MUNROE, CHARLES A. NEWELL, A. B. NIKOLAS, G. J. NOEL, JOSEPH R. OAKLEY, HORACE S. O’BRIEN, JOHN J. ORMSBY, DR. OLIVER S. ORR, ROBERT M. PAESCH, CHARLES A. PALMER, HONORE PALMER, POTTER PATTEN, HENRY J. PATTEN, Mrs. JAMES A. PATTERSON, JOSEPH M. PAYNE, JOHN BARTON PAYSON, GEORGE S. PEABODY, AUGUSTUS S. PERKINS, HERBERT F. Pick, ALBERT PIERCE, CHARLES I. PIEZ, CHARLES PIKE, CHARLES B. PIKE, EUGENE R. POPPENHUSEN, CONRAD H. PORTER, FRANK W. PORTER, GILBERT E. PORTER, H. H. RAWSON, FREDERICK H. RAYMOND, Mrs. JAMES NELSON REA, Mrs. Roper L. REVELL, ALEXANDER H. REYNOLDS, EARLE H. REYNOLDS, GEORGE M. RILEY, HARRISON B. ROBINSON, THEODORE W. Rosson, Miss ALICE RopMAN, Mrs. KATHERINE FIELD ~ ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 331 RODMAN, THOMAS CLIFFORD ROSENWALD, JULIUS ROSENWALD, LESSING J. (N. R.) ROSENWALD, WILLIAM RUNNELLS, CLIVE RUNNELLS, JOHN S. RUSSELL, EDMUND A. RUSSELL, EDWARD P. RYERSON, Mrs. CARRIE H. RYERSON, EDWARD L. RYERSON, MARTIN A. SARGENT, FRED WESLEY SCHWEPPE, CHARLES H. SCOTT, FRANK H. ScoTT, GEORGE E. SCOTT, HAROLD N. ScoTT, JOHN W. SHAFFER, JOHN C. SHIRK, JOSEPH H. SIMPSON, JAMES SIMPSON, WILLIAM B. SMITH, ALEXANDER SMITH, SOLOMON A. SOPER, JAMES P. SPALDING, KEITH SPAULDING, Mrs. HOWARD H., JR. SPRAGUE, ALBERT A. STERN, Mrs. ALFRED K. STERN, MRS. EDGAR B. (N. R.) STEVENS, CHARLES A. STEWART, ROBERT W. STIRTON, ROBERT C. STOREY, W. B. STOUT, FRANK D. STUART, JOHN STUART, R. DOUGLAS STRAWN, SILAS H. STUDEBAKER, CLEMENT, JR. STURGES, GEORGE SUNNY, B. E. SWIFT, CHARLES H. SWIFT, EDWARD F. SWIFT, G. F., JR. SWIFT, HAROLD H. SWIFT, Louis F. THORNE, CHARLES H. THORNE, ROBERT J. TRAYLOR, MELVIN A. TREE, RONALD L. F. TYSON, RUSSELL UIHLEIN, EDGAR J. UNDERWOOD, MORGAN P. 332 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistoRY—REeEports, Vou. VII VALENTINE, LOUIS L. WICKWIRE, Mrs. EDWARD L. VEATCH, GEORGE L. WIEBOLDT, WILLIAM A. VERNAY, ARTHUR S. (N. R.) WILLARD, ALONZA J. VILES, LAWRENCE M. WILLITS, WARD W. WILSON, JOHN P., JR. WACKER, CHARLES H. WILSON, OLIVER T. WANNER, HARRY C. WILSON, THOMAS E. WARNER, EZRA JOSEPH WILSON, WALTER H. WEBER, DAVID ; WINSTON, GARRARD B. WELLING, JOHN P. WINTER, WALLACE C. WETMORE, FRANK O. WOOLLEY, CLARENCE M. WHEELER, CHARLES P. - WRIGLEY, WILLIAM, JR. WHITE, F. EDSON WHITNEY, MRS. JULIA L. YATES, DAviD M. DECEASED, 1927 ARMOUR, J. OGDEN HAMILL, ERNEST A. AYER, EDWARD E. i JONES, ARTHUR B. CARPENTER, BENJAMIN KING, FRANCIS CLEGG, HENRY G. McELWEE, ROBERT H. DEERING, CHARLES MITCHELL, JOHN J. Farr, Ropert M. PORTER, GEORGE F. ForsYTH, ROBERT STEARNS, CHARLES B., SR. GARY, JUDGE ELBERT H. VANVECHTEN, RALPH ASSOCIATE MEMBERS | Those who have contributed $100 to the Museum AARON, CHARLES ALSBERG, LEWIS ABBOTT, DONALD P., JR. ALSCHULER, ALFRED 8. ABBOTT, GORDON C. ALSIP, CHARLES H. ABBOTT, W. R. ALTER, HARRY ANDERSON, ARTHUR ANDREWS, ALFRED B. ANDRIN, Miss KATHERINE L. ABBOTT, WILLIAM L. ABRAMS, PRor. Durr A. _ ACKERMAN, CHARLES N., ANNAN, Mrs. MIRIAM ORMSBY ACOMB, JESSE P. ARMBRUST, JOHN T. ADAMICK, GUSTAV H. ARMBRUSTER, C. A. ADAMS, JOSEPH ARMOUR, PHILIP D. ADAMS, WILLIAM C. ARMSTRONG, ARTHUR W. Apcock, MRs. BESSIE ARMSTRONG, Mrs. FRANK H. ADDLEMAN, SAMUEL W. - ASCHER, FRED ADLER, DAVID ASHBY, W. B. ADLER, MAx ASHENHURST, HAROLD S. ADLER, Mrs. Max ASHER, Louis E. AHLSCHLAGER, WALTER W. ATWATER, WALTER HULL ALBEE, MRS. HARRY W. AURELIUS, Mrs. Marcus A. ALLBRIGHT, WILLIAM B. AUSTIN, HENRY W. ALLEN, Mrs. FRED G. AUSTIN, DR. MARGARET HOWARD ALLING, CHARLES , AUSTRIAN, ALFRED §. JAN. 1928 BAACKES, Mrs. FRANK BABSON, FRED K. BABSON, HENRY B. BACH, JULIUS H. BAER, MERVIN K. BAER, WALTER S. BAGGALEY, WILLIAM BLAIR BAIRD, HARRY K. BAIRD, WYLLYS W. BAKER, Mrs. ALFRED L. BAKER, L. K. BALDWIN, VINCENT CURTIS BALGEMANN, OTTO W. BALL, DR. FRED E. BALL, SIDNEY Y. BALLARD, THOMAS L. BALLENBERG, ADOLPH G. BARBOUR, HARRY A. BARBOUR, JAMES J. BARLEY, MISS MATILDA A. BARNES, CECIL BARNES, JAMES M. BARNETT, OTTO R. BARNHART, Mrs. A. M. BARNHART, MISs GRACIA M. F. BARTELMB, JOHN H. BARTHOLOMAE, Mrs. EMMA BARTHOLOMAY, HENRY BARTHOLOMAY, MRS. WILLIAM, JR. BARTLETT, MISS FLORENCE D. BARTLETT, FREDERIC C. Bass, MRS. PERKINS BASTIAN, CHARLES L. BATEMAN, FLoypD L. BATTEY, P. L. BAuUER, A. BAauM, MERVYN BAUMGARTEN, C. BAUSCH, WILLIAM C. BEACH, Miss Bess K. BECK, HERBERT BECKER, BENJAMIN F. BECKER, BENJAMIN V. BECKER. HH. T. BECKER, LOUIS BEHR, MRs. EDITH BEIDLER, FRANCIS, II BEIL, CARL BELL, LIONEL A. BELL, ROBERT W. BENDER, C. J. BENSINGER, BENJAMIN E. BENSON, JOHN BENTLEY, ARTHUR BENTLEY, CYRUS ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR BENTON, MisS MABEL M. BERMINGHAM, EDWARD J. BrESLy, Mrs. C. H. BEVAN, Dr. ARTHUR DEAN BICHL, THOMAS A. BIDWELL, CHAS. W. BIGLER, MRS. ALBERT J. BILLOW, ELMER E. BILLOW, MISS VIRGINIA BIRD, GEORGE H BIRK, FRANK J. BIRKHOLZ, HANS E. BISHOP, HOWARD P. BIsHoP, MRS. MARTHA V. BISTOR, JAMES E. BITTEL, MRS. FRANK J. BLACKMAN, NATHAN L. BLAIR, EDWARD T. BLAKE, TIFFANY BLATCHFORD, CARTER BLATCHFORD, N. H., SR., BLAYNEY, THOMAS C. BLETSCH, WILLIAM E. Buiss, Miss AMELIA M. BLOCK, EMANUEL J. BLOME, RUDOLPH S. BLUM, DAVID BuLuM, Harry H. BLUNT, J. E., JR. BOAL, AYRES BODMAN, MRS. LUTHER BOERICKE, Mrs. ANNA BOLTER, JOSEPH C. BoNnDY, BERTHOLD BooMER, DR. PAUL BooRN, WILLIAM C. Booty, ALFRED BootH, GEORGE FE. BORLAND, MRS. BRUCE BORN, MOSES BoscH, CHARLES Botu, WILLIAM C. Botts, GRAEME G. BouRNE, RALPH H. BowEN, Mrs. LovuIssE DE KOVEN Bowery, Mrs. CHARLES F. BoYACK, HARRY Boyp, THOMAS M. BOYDEN, Miss ELLEN WEBB BoyYDEN, Miss ROSALIE S. BoOYDEN, Mrs. WILLIAM C., JR. Boynton, Mrs. C. T. BOYNTON, F. P. BRADLEY, Mrs. NATALIE BLAIR HIGINBOTHAM 333 334 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpoRTS, VOL. VII BRAMBLE, DELHI G. C. BRAND, Mrs. EDWIN L., JR. BRAND, Mrs. RUDOLPH BRANDES, A. G. BRANDT, CHARLES H. BRASSERT, HERMAN A. BRAUER, Mrs. PAUL BRAUN, Mrs. MARTHA E. BRECKINRIDGE, PROF. S. P. BREMNER, Mrs. DAvID F. BRENDECKE, MISS JUNE BRENNAN, BERNARD G. BRIDGE, GEORGE S. BRiIGGs, Mrs. GERTRUDE BRIGHAM, Miss F. M. BROCK, A. J. BRODRIBB, LAWRENCE C. BROOME, THORNHILL Brown, A. W. BROWN, BENJAMIN R. BROWN, CHRISTY Brown, Dr. EDWARD M. BROWN, GEORGE D. BROWN, MRS. GEORGE DEWES BROWN, JOHN T. BROWNE, ALDIS J. BRUCKNER, WILLIAM T. BRUGMAN, JOHN J. BRUNDAGE, AVERY BRYANT, JOHN J., JR. Buck, Guy R. Buck, NELSON LEROY BUDLONG, JOSEPH J. BUEHLER, CARL BUEHLER, H. L. BUETTNER, WALTER J. BUFFINGTON, Mrs. M. A. BUHMANN, GILBERT G. BULLOCK, CARL C. BURKHOLDER, Dr. J. F. BURLEY, CLARENCE A. BURNHAM, MrRs. E. Burry, Mrs. WILLIAM BusBy, LEONARD A. BusH, DAviD D. BusH, Mrs. WILLIAM H. BUTLER, Mrs. HERMON B. BUTLER, PAUL BUTLER, RUSH C. BuTZ, HERBERT R. Butz, ROBERT O. Butz, THEODORE C. Butzow, Mrs. RoBEert C, BUZZELL, EDGAR A. BYFIELD, Dr. ALBERT H. CABLE, J. E. CAHN, DR. ALVIN R. CAHN, Morton D. CALDWELL, C. D. CALDWELL, J. T. CAMERON, DR. DAN U. CAMERON, JOHN M. CAMERON, W. J. CAMP, Mrs. ARTHUR ROYCE CAMPBELL, DELWIN M. CAMPBELL, HERBERT J. CAPES, LAWRENCE R. CAPPS, DR. JOSEPH A. CARON, O. J. CARPENTER, FREDERIC IVES CARPENTER, GEORGE S. CARPENTER, HUBBARD CARPENTER, Miss ROSALIE S. CARQUEVILLE, Mrs. A. R. CARR, Mrs. CLYDE M. CARR, EDMUND S. CARR, GEORGE R. CARR, WALTER S. CARROLL, JOHN A. CARRY; Jac. CARTON, ALFRED T. CARY, Dr. EUGENE CASE, ELMER G. CASEY, Mrs. JAMES J. CASSELS, EDWIN H. CESSNA, DR. CHARLES E. CHAPIN, HENRY K. CHAPIN, HOMER C. CHAPPELL, MRS. CHARLES H. CHASE, FRANK D. CHATFIELD-TAYLOR, WAYNE CHEEVER, MRS. ARLINE V. CHENEY, DR. HENRY W. CHISHOLM, GEORGE D. CHISLETT, DR. H. R. CHRITTON, GEORGE A. CHURAN, CHARLES A. CLARK, AINSWORTH W. CLARK, CHARLES V. CLARK, Miss DorotTsHY S. CLARK, EDWIN H. CLARK, DR. PETER S. CLARKE, CHARLES F. CLARKE, FRED L. CLEVELAND, PAUL W. CLOUGH, WILLIAM H. CLow, WILLIAM E., JR. CoBURN, Mrs. LEwIs L. Copy, ARTHUR B. COHEN, GEORGE B. Eee JAN. 1928 CouHEN, Mrs. L. LEWIS COLBURN, FREDERICK S. COLEMAN, ADELBERT E. COLEMAN, DR. GEORGE H. COLEMAN, LORING W., JR. COLEMAN, WM, OGDEN COLIANNI, PAUL V. — COLLINS, WILLIAM M. CoLvIN, MRs. W. H., Sp. CoOMBES, Mrs. Dora F. COMPTON, FRANK E. CONDON, MRS. JAMES G. CONNOR, F. H. Coox, Miss ALICE B. COOKE, GEORGE ANDERSON CooKE, LESLIE L. COOLIDGE, E. C. COOMBS, JAMES F. COONLEY, J. S. COONLEY, JOHN STUART, JR. COONLEY, PRENTIsS L. CooPER, SAMUEL CoREY, CHESTER CORMACK, CHARLES V. CORNELL, JOHN E. COUNSELMAN, MRs. JENNIE E. COWDERY, EDWARD G. Cox, Mrs. Howarp M. Cox, JAMES A. Cox, JAMES C. Cox, Mrs. RENSSELAER W. CRAGG, GEORGE L. CRANE, CHARLES R. CROMER, CLARENCE E. CROMWELL, Miss JULIETTE C. CUBBINS, DR. WILLIAM R. CUDAHY, EDWARD I. CULBERTSON, DR. CAREY CUNNINGHAM, JOHN T. CURRAN, HARRY R. CurtTIs, AUGUSTUS D. CURTIS, JOHN F. L. CUSACK, HAROLD CUSHING, JOHN F. CUSHMAN, A. W. CUTTING, CHARLES S. DAHLBERG, Mrs. B. G. Datny, RICHARD DAKIN, DR. FRANK C. DASHIELL, C. R. DAvEY, Mrs. Bruce C. DAVIS, ABEL Davis, C. S. DAVIS, DR. CARL ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR BoD DAVIS, FRANK S. DAVIS, FRED M. DAVIS, JAMES DAVIS, JAMES C. DAVIS, DR. NATHAN §&., III DAWES, E. L. DAWES, HENRY M. Day, Mrs. Mark L. DEAGAN, JOHN C., SR. DEAHL, URIAH S. DECostTA, LEwis M. DEE, THOMAS J. DEERY, THOMAS A., JR. DEGOLYER, ROBERT S. DEKOVEN, Mrs. JOHN DELANG, THEODORE O. DELEBR, DR. JOSEPH B. DEMPSTER, Mrs. C. W. DENEEN, MRS. CHARLES S. DENNEHY, T. C. DENNIS, CHARLES H. DENT, GEORGE C. DEUTSCH, JOSEPH DeEutTscH, Mrs. Percy L. DEUTSCH, SAMUEL DEVRIES, DAVID DEVRIES, PETER DEWES, EDWIN P. Dick, ALBERT B., JR. DICKEY, Roy DICKINSON, F. R. DIXON, ALAN C. DIXON, HOMER L. DIXON, WILLIAM WARREN DOBSON, GEORGE Doctor, ISIDOR DOERING, OTTO C. DOERR, WILLIAM P., SR. DoETSCH, Miss ANNA DOLE, ARTHUR, SR. DONAHUE, WILLIAM J. DONLON, Mrs. S. E. DONNELLEY, MISS ELEANOR DONNELLEY, Miss NAOMI DONNELLEY, Mrs. R. R. DONNELLY, FRANK DONOHUE, EDGAR T. Doup, Mrs. LEVI B. DREYFUS, MOISE DRUMMOND, JAMES J. DUDLEY. LAURENCE H. DULANY, GEORGE W., JR. DULSKY, Mrs. SAMUEL DUNHAM, JOHN H. DunHAM, Miss Lucy BELLE 336 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REpoRTs, VOL. VII DUNHAM, Miss M. V. DUPEE, Mrs. F. KENNETT DURAND, SCOTT S. DURBIN, FLETCHER M. Dux, JOSEPH G. EASTERBERG, C. J. EASTMAN, MRS. GEORGE H. EASTMAN, R. M. ECKHART, PERcy B. ECKSTEIN, H. G. ECKSTEIN, LOUIS Eppy, Mrs. ARTHUR J. EDDY, GEORGE A. Eppy, THOMAS H. EDWARDS, Miss EDITH E. EGAN, W. B. EHRMAN, EDWIN H. EIGER, OSCAR S. EISENDRATH, ROBERT M. EISENDRATH, MRS. WILLIAM N. ELCOCK, EDWARD G. ELENBOGEN, HERMAN ELLBOGEN, ALBERT L. ELLIOTT, DR. CHARLES A. ELLIOTT, FRANK R. ELLIS, HOWARD ELLSWORTH, MRs. E. O. ELTING, PHILIP L. F. Evy, Mrs. C. MORSE ENGWALL, JOHN F. EPSTEIN, MAx ERICSON, MELVIN B. ERICSSON, CLARENCE ERICSSON, H. ERICSSON, WALTER H. ERNST, Mrs. LEO ERSKINE, ALBERT DE WOLF EuSTICE, ALFRED L. EvANs, Mrs. DAVID EVANS, Hon. EVAN A. EVANS, MRS. GRACE Ross EWELL, C. D. FABIAN, FRANCIS G. FABRY, HERMAN FADER, A. L. FAGET, JAMES E. FAHRNEY, EZRA C. FAHRNEY, FE. H. FAITHORN, WALTER E. FARNHAM, Mrs. HARRY J. FARR, NEWTON CAMP FARRELL, Mrs. B. J. FARRELL, REV. THOMAS F. FAULKNER, CHARLES J., JR. FAULKNER, MISS ELIZABETH FAUROT, HENRY, SR. FAUROT, HENRY, JR. Fay, Miss AGNES M. FECKE, Mrs. FRANK J. FELIX, BENJAMIN B. FELLOWS, W. K. FELTON, S. M. FENTRESS, CALVIN FERGUSON, CHARLES W. FERNALD, CHARLES FERNALD, ROBERT W. FETZER, WADE FILEK, AUGUST FINN, JOSEPH M. FISH, ISAAC FISHER, Mrs. EDWARD METCALF FLAVIN, EDWIN F., SR. FLEXNER, WASHINGTON FLORSHEIM, MILTON S. FOLDS, CHARLES W. FOLEY, REV. WILLIAM M. FOOTE, PETER FOREMAN, EDWIN G., JR. FOREMAN, HAROLD E. FOREMAN, HENRY G. FOREMAN, OSCAR G. FORESMAN, Mrs. W. COATES FORGAN, ROBERT D. FORMAN, CHARLES FOSTER, STEPHEN A. FOSTER, VOLNEY FostTeR, MRS. WILLIAM C. FRANK, DR. IRA FRANKENSTEIN, W. B. FREEDMAN, DR. I. VAL FREER, ARCHIBALD E. FRENIER, A. B. FREUND, CHARLES E. FREUND, I. H. FREY, CHARLES DANIEL FRIDSTEIN, MEYER FRIEDLANDER, JACOB FRIEDMAN, OSCAR J. FRIESTEDT, ARTHUR A. FRISBIE, CHAUNCEY O. Frost, Mrs. CHARLES Fry, HENRY T. FULLER, MRS. GREETA PATTERSON FULLER, JUDSON M. FULLER, LEROY W. FURST, EDUARD A. GABRIEL, CHARLES GAERTNER, WILLIAM JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 307 GALE, G. WHITTIER GRADLE, DR. Harry S. GALL, HARRY T. GRAF, ROBERT J. GALLAGHER, VINCENT G. GRAHAM, DOUGLAS GALLUP, ROCKWELL GRAMM, Mrs. HELEN GALVIN, WM. A. GRANGER, ALFRED GARARD, Ezy A. GRAVES, HOWARD B. GARCIA, JOSE GREEN, ZOLA C. GARDEN, HucH M. G. GREENBERG, ANDREW H. GARDNER, ADDISON L., SR. GREENE, CHARLES F. GARDNER, ADDISON L., JR. GREENEBAUM, JAMES E. GARDNER, Mrs. JAMES P. GREENEBAUM, M. E., JR. GARDNER, ROBERT A. GREENLEE, JAMES A. GARNER, HARRY J. GREENSFELDER, DR. Louis A. GARY, FRED ELBERT GREGORY, CLIFFORD V. GATELY, RALPH M. GREGORY, STEPHEN S&., JR. GATES, L. F. GREGSON, WILLIAM L. GATES, PHILETUS W. GREY, CHARLES F. GATZERT, AUGUST GREY, DR. DOROTHY GAWNE, Miss CLARA J. GREY, HOWARD G. - Gay, Rev. A. ROYAL GREY, WALTER CLARK GAYLORD, DUANE W. GRIFFITH, ENOCH L. GEHL, DR. WILLIAM H. GRIFFITHS, GEORGE W. GEORGE, FRED W. GRIFFITHS, JOHN GERNGROSS, Mrs. LEO GRIMM, WALTER H. GERTS, WALTER 8. GRISWOLD, HAROLD T. GETZOFF, E. B. GRIZZARD, JAMES A. GIBBONS, JOHN W. GRONKOWSKI, REV. C. I. Gipss, DR. JOHN PHILLIP Gross, Mrs. EMILY GILBERT, MISS CLARA C. GROSSMAN, FRANK I. GILES, CARL C. GROTOWSKI, Dr. LEON GILLMAN, Morris GRULEE, Lowry K. GILLSON, Louis K. GUENZEL, LOUIS GINTHER, Miss MINNIE C. GULBRANSEN, AXEL G. GIRARD, Mrs. ANNA GULICK, JOHN H. GLASNER, RUDOLPH W. GUNDLACH, ERNEST T. GLORE, CHARLES F. GUNTHORP, WALTER J. GOEDKE, CHAS. F. GWINN, WILLIAM R. GoEHST, Mrs. JOHN HENRY GOLDEN, Dr. Isaac J. K. HAAS. MAURICE GOLDENBERG, SIDNEY D. Haas, Dr. RAouL GOLDY, WALTER I. Hap.Ley, Mrs. Epwin M. GOODMAN, BENEDICT K. HaGEN, Mrs. DAISE GOODMAN, Mrs. HERBERT E. HAGGARD, JOHN D. GOODMAN, Mrs. KENNETH S. HAGNER, FRED L. GOODMAN, MILTON F. HAIGHT, GEORGE I. GOODMAN, WILLIAM KE. Harr, T. R. GooDROW, WILLIAM HALDEMAN, WALTER S. GOODSPEED, Mrs. W. F. HALE, Mrs. SAMUEL GOODWIN, HON. CLARENCE NORTON Hatp, WILLIAM B. GORDON, Mrs. ROBERT D. HALL, DAvID W. GORMAN, GEORGE E. HALL, Mrs. J. B. GOSHERT, J. FRED HALLMANN, AUGUST F. Goss, CHARLES O. HALPERIN, AARON GOTTFRIED, C. M. _ HAMILL, CHARLES. H. GOTTSCHALK, GUSTAV H. HAMILL, ROBERT W. 338 FIELD MusrkuM oF NATURAL HisTORY—REports, VOL. VII HAMLIN, PAUL D. HAMM, EDWARD F. HAMMITT, Miss FRANCES M. HANLEY, HENRY L. HANSEN, JACOB W. HANSON, JAMES L. HARBISON, L. C. HARDIE, GEORGE F. HARDIN, JOHN H. HARDING, G. F. HARDING, RICHARD T. HARDINGE, FRANKLIN HARPER, ALFRED C. HARRIS, GORDON L. HART, MRS. HERBERT L. HART, WILLIAM N. HARTSHORN, KENNETH L. HARTWELL, FRED G. HARVEY, RICHARD M. HARWOOD, THOMAS W. HASKELL, MRS. GEORGE E. HAVENS, SAMUEL M. HEALY, Mrs. MARQUETTE A. HEANEY, DR. N. SPROAT HEATON, HERMAN C. HEBERLEIN, Miss AMANDA F. HECHT, F. A., JR. Hece, Miss ANNA HEIMAN, MARCUS HEINE, Mrs. ALBERT HEINEMAN, OSCAR HELLER, ALBERT HELLER, Mrs. WALTER E. HELLMAN, GEORGE A. HELLYER, WALTER HENLEY, EUGENE H. HENRY, OTTO HENSHAW, Mrs. RAYMOND S. HERRICK, MISS LOUISE HERRICK, W. D. HERRON, JAMES C. HERWIG, GEORGE HERWIG, WILLIAM D., JR. Hess, MRS. CHARLES WILBUR HETTLER, HERMAN H. HEUN, ARTHUR HEYWORTH, Mrs. JAMES O. HIBBARD, MRS. ANGUS S. HIBBARD, MRs. W. G. HIGGINS, JOHN HIGGINS, JOHN W. HIGINBOTHAM, HARLOW N. HIGLEY, MRS. CHARLES W. HILDEBRAND, EUGENE, JR. HILDEBRAND, GRANT M. HILL, WILLIAM E. HILLBRECHT, HERBERT E. HILLE, Dr. HERMANN HINRICHS, HENRY, JR. HINSBERG, STANLEY K. HINTON, E. W. HIRD, FREDERICK H. HIRSCH, JACKSON H. HISTED, J. ROLAND HIXON, ROBERT HOELSCHER, HERMAN M. HOFFMANN, Miss CAROLINE DICKINSON HOFFMAN, EDWARD HEMPSTEAD HOGAN, ROBERT E. HoIER, WILLIAM V. HOLDEN, EDWARD A. HOuLuIs, HENRY L. HOLMES, Miss HARRIET F. HonsIk, Mrs. JAMES M. Hoover, F. E. HOOVER, FRANK K. HOovER, MRS. FRED W. ‘Hoover, H. EARL Hoover, RAy P. Hope, ALFRED S. HOPKINS, FARLEY HOPKINS, JOHN L. HORAN, DENNIS A. HORCHER, WILLIAM W. Horst, Curt A. HORTON, GEORGE T. HORTON, HORACE B. HOSBEIN, LouIS H. HOSMER, PHILIP : HOUGHTELING, Miss HARRIOT P. HOWARD, HAROLD A. HOWARD, WILLIS G. HOWE, CHARLES ARTHUR HOWE, WARREN D. HOWE, WILLIAM G. HOWELL, ALBERT S. HOWELL, WILLIAM HOWSE, RICHARD Hupson, Mrs. H. NEwTon HUDSON, WILLIAM E. Hugy, Mrs. ARTHUR S. HurrFf, THOMAS D. HUGHES, JOHN E. HULBERT, MRS. MILAN H. HUME, JOHN T. HUNTER, SAMUEL M. Hurp, N. L. HURLEY, EDWARD N., SR. HUSTON, WARD T. Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate XL EXCAVATING A SKELETON OF THE GREAT GROUND SLOTH (Megatherium Americanum) Rio Quequen Salada, Argentina, South America Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Argentina and Bolivia, 1925-7 Ct. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 339 HUTCHINS, JAMES C. KAINE, COL. JAMES B. HUTCHINSON, FOYE P. KALACINSKI, MRS. FELIX HUTCHINSON, SAMUEL §S. KANE, JEROME M. HYNES, Rev. J. A. KAPLAN, NATHAN D. KARPEN, ADOLPH ICKES, RAYMOND KASPAR, OTTO Inc, RoBeRT A. Katz, Mrs. SIDNEY L. INLANDER, SAMUEL KAVANAGH, MAURICE F. IsHAM, HENRY P. KEEHN, GEORGE W. IVES, CLIFFORD E. KEENEY. A. F. KEHL, ROBERT JOSEPH KEITH, STANLEY KELLOGG, JOHN L. JACKSON, ALLAN JACKSON, W. J. JACOBI, MISS EMILY KELLOGG, Mrs. M. G. JACOBS, HYMAN A. KELLY TTB J. JACOBS, SIEGFRIED T. KEMP ee E. M. JAFFRAY, MRS. DAVID S., JR. KEMPNER, HARRY B. JAMES, EDWARD P. JAMES, WILLIAM R. JANUSCH, FRED W. JARRATT, MRS. WALTER J. JEFFERY, Mrs. THomas B. KIMBARK, Mrs. EUGENE UNDER- JENKINS, MRS. JOHN E. wooD JENKS, R. WILLIAM SHIPPEN KIMBARK, JOHN R. JENNINGS, ODE D. KINSEY, FRANK JERGER, WILBUR JOSEPH KINTZEL, RICHARD JETZINGER, DAVID KIRCHER, REV. JULIUS JIRKA, DR. FRANK J. KITTREDGE, R. J. JIRKA, DR. ROBERT KLEE, NATHAN JOHNSEN, CHARLES KLEIN, Henry A. JOHNSON, ALBERT M. KLEIN, Mrs. SAMUEL JOHNSON, ALFRED KLINE, SOL > JOHNSON, ALVIN O. KLINETOP, Mrs. CHARLES W. JOHNSON, ARTHUR L. KuINkK, A. F 9 es e JOHNSON, JOSEPH F. Knutson, G. H 3 ° . JOHNSON, OLAF B. Kocus, Mrs. Ropert T. JOHNSTON, ARTHUR C. KouL, Mrs. CAROLINE L. JOHNSTONE, GEORGE A. Kou.uer, Eric L. JOHNSTONE, Dr. Mary M.S. Kopr, WILLIAM P. JONES, ALBERT G. : Koran, JOHN A JONES, FRED B. KRAFT, GC: H: JONES, G. H. KRAFT, JAMES L. JONES, JAMES B. KRAFT, NORMAN JONES, MELVIN KRALOVEC, EmMIL G. JONES, WARREN G. KRAMER, LEROY ? JOSEPH, Louis L. Kraus, PETER J. ts ke A. KRAUSE, JOHN J. OYCE, DAVID G. KRETSCHMER, Dr. HERMAN L. JOYCE, JOSEPH KRETZINGER, GEORGE W., JR. JUDAH, NOBLE BRANDON KROEHL, HOWARD Bb] aaah a on KROHMER, WILLIAM F. 3 e e KRUEGER, LEOPOLD A. KAHN, GUS _ KRUTCKOFF, CHARLES KAHN, LOUIS KuH, Mrs. EDWIN J., JR. KEMPNER, STAN KERN, TRUDE KESNER, JACOB L. KILBOURNE, L. B. 340 FIELD MusEuM OF NATURAL HIstoRY—ReEports, VOL. VII KUHN, FREDERICK KURTZON, Morris LACKOWSKI, FRANK E. LAFLIN, Mrs. Louis E. LAFLIN, LOUIS E., JR. LAGUSKE, Mrs. CHESTER LAMPERT, Mrs. LyDIA LANAHAN, Mrs. M. J. LANDRY, ALVAR A. LANE, F. HOWARD LANE, Ray E. LANE, WALLACE R. LANGLAND, JAMES LARIMER, HOWARD S. LARSON, Bror O. LASKER, ALBERT D. LAUREN, NEWTON B. LAURITZEN, C. M. LAUTMANN, HERBERT M. LAwson, A. J. LAYLANDER, O. J. LEAHY, THOMAS F. LEARNED, EDWIN J. LEBENSOHN, Dr. MAYER H. LEDERER, DR. FRANCIS L. LEFENS, Miss KATHERINE J. LEFENS, WALTER C. LEGGE, ALEXANDER LEHMANN, Miss AuGustTa E. LEICHENKO, PETER M. LEISTNER, OSCAR LEMoon, A. R. LENZ, J. Mayo LEONARD, ARTHUR G. LEONARD, ARTHUR T. LESLIE, JOHN H. LETTS, MRs. FRANK C. LEVAN, REv. THOMAS F. LEVERONE, LOUIS E. LEVINSON, Mrs. SALMON O. LEVITAN, BENJAMIN LEvy, ALEXANDER M. LEWIS, DAVID R. LEwISs, Fay J. Lewy, Dr. ALFRED LICHTSTERN, ADOLPH J. LIEBMAN, A. J. LINDENBERG, ALBERT LINDHEIMER, B. F. LINDHOLM, CHARLES V. LINGLE, BOWMAN .C. LIPMAN, ROBERT R. Liss, SAMUEL LITTLER, HARRY E., JR. LIVINGSTON, JULIAN M. LIVINGSTON, Mrs. MILTON L. LLEWELLYN, PAUL LLEWELLYN, Mrs. S. J. LLOYD, EDWARD W. LLOYD, WILLIAM BROSS LOBDELL, Mrs. EDWIN L. LOEB, HAMILTON M. LOESCH, FRANK J. LOEWENBERG, [. S. LOEWENBERG, M. L. LOEWENSTEIN, SIDNEY LOEWENTHAL, RICHARD J. LOGAN, JOHN I. LONG, WILLIAM EK. LORD, ARTHUR R. LorRD, Mrs. RUSSELL LOUCKS, CHARLES O. LOVE, CHASE W. LOVELL, WILLIAM H. LOVGREN, CARL LOWNIK, DR. FELIX J. LUCEY, PATRICK J. LUDINGTON, NELSON J. LUEDER, ARTHUR C. LUFKIN, WALLACE W. LURIE, H. J. LUTTER, HENRY J., SR. LYDON, Mrs. WILLIAM A. LYFORD, HARRY B. LYFORD, WILLIAM H. LYNNE, Mrs. ARCHIBALD LYON, CHARLES H. LYON, FRANK R. Lyon, Mrs. THOMAS R. MAAss, J. EDWARD MACCARDLE, H. B. MACKINSON, DR. JOHN C. MACLEIsH, JOHN E. MacRAB, THADDEUS B. MADLENER, Mrs. ALBERT F. MAGAN, MIss JANE A. MAGEE, HENRY W. Maanus, AuGUST C. MaaGwIreE, Mrs. Mary F. MAHER, Mrs. D. W. MAIN, WALTER D. MALONE, WILLIAM H. MANDEL, Mrs. AARON W. MANDEL, Mrs. BABETTE F. MANDEL, EDWIN F. MANDEL, Mrs. FREDERICK MANIERRE, FRANCIS E. MANIERRE, LOUIS MANN, ALBERT C. JAN. 1928 MANN, JOHN P. MANSURE, EDMUND L. MARHOEFER, EDWARD H. MARINER, W. E. MARK, ANSON Marauis, A. N. Mars, G. C. MARTIN, MRS. FRANKLIN H. MARTIN, W. B. MARTIN, WELLS MARZOLA, LEO A. MASON, WILLARD J. MASSEE, B. A. MASSEY, PETER J. MATTHIESSEN, FRANK Matz, Mrs. RUDOLPH MAURAN, CHARLES S. MAURITZEN, H. A. MAYER, ISAAC H. MCcAULEY, JOHN E. McBrRIDE, MRS. WALTER J. McCartTHy, EDMOND J. McCARTHY, JOSEPH W. McCLELLAN, Dr. JOHN H, McCLuERr, W. B. McCorpD, DOWNER McCormick, Mrs. ALEXANDER A. McCormick, Mrs. CHAUNCEY McCormick, Mrs. Cyrus, JR. McCormMIckK, HowArD, H. McCormick, L. HAMILTON McCorMIck, LEANDER J. McCormick, RoBERT H., JR. McCRACKEN, MISS WILLIETTA McDouGat, Mrs. JAMEs B. McDouGa., Mrs. ROBERT McERLEAN, CHARLES V. McHueu, Mrs. GROVER McIntTosH, ARTHUR T. McKay, JAMES M. McKEEVER, BUEL McLAuRY, WALKER G. McLENNAN, Mrs. JOHN A. McMILLAN, Comm. JOHN McMILLAN, W. B. McNamara, Louis G. MCNULTY, JosEPH D. MEDSKER, DR. ORA L. MELCHIONE, JOSEPH MERRILL, HENRY S. MERZ, EDWARD E. Mertz, Dr. A. R. MEYER, ABRAHAM MEYER, ABRAHAM W., MEYER, ALBERT ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR MEYER, CARL MEYER, E. F. MEYER, OSCAR MEYERCORD, G. R. MiIpowIicz, C. EK. MILHENING, FRANK MILHENING, JOSEPH MILLARD, FRANK H. MILLER, CHARLES B. MILLER, Mrs. CLAYTON W. MILLER, Mrs. DARIUS MILLER, HYMAN MILLER, JOHN S. JR. MILLER, DR. JOSEPH L. MILLER, WALTER F. MILLS, ALLEN G. MILLS, JOHN, SR. MINER, Dr. CARL MINER, H. J. MITCHELL, LEEDS MITCHELL, OLIVER Mock, Dr. HARRY EDGAR MODERWELL, C. M. MOELLER. REV. HERMAN H. MoFFATT, MRS. ELIZABETH M. Mour, ALBERT Monur, WM. J. MoLLoy, DAavip J. MONHEIMER, HENRY I. MONROE, WILLIAM S. Moopy, Mrs. WILLIAM VAUGHN Moor#, PHILIP WYATT Moos, JOSEPH B. MoRAN, Miss MARGARET MORAND, SIMON J. MorREY, CHARLES W. MORGAN, ALDEN K. MorGAN, Mrs. KENDRICK E. MORRILL, NAHUM MorRISs, EDWARD H. Morris, F. C. Morris, Mrs. SEYMOUR MoRRISON, MRS. CHARLES E. MORRISON, JAMES C. MORRISON, MATTHEW A. MOoRRISSON, JAMES W, MorsgE, ROBERT H. MORTON, STERLING Mosgs, HOWARD Moss, JEROME A. Movuat, ANDREW Mowry, Louis C. MupckE, Mrs. JOHN B. MUEHLSTEIN, Mrs. CHARLES MUELLER, A. M. d41 342 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REpoRTS, VOL. VII MUELLER, PAUL H. OTIS, J. SANFORD MULHOLAND, WILLIAM H. OTIS, JOSEPH E. MURPHY, ROBERT E. OTIS, JOSEPH EDWARD, JR. MURPHY, WALTER P. Otis, R. C. OTIS, RAYMOND NASON, ALBERT J. OTIS, STUART H. NEELY, MIss CARRIE BLAIR OUSKA, JOHN A. NEHLS, ARTHUR L. NELLEGAR, MRS. JAY C. PAASCHE, JENS A. NELSON, CHARLES G. PACE, J. MADISON NELSON, EDWARD A. PAEPCKE, MRS. ELIZABETH J. NELSON, FRANK G. PAEPCKE, WALTER P. NELSON, NILS A. PAGE-W0OOD, GERALD NELSON, N. J. PARDRIDGE, ALBERT J. NELSON, MRs. OLIVER R. PARDRIDGE, MRs. E. W. NEU, CLARENCE L. PARKER, FRANK B. NEWHALL, R. FRANK PARKER, WOODRUFF J. NICHOLS, GEORGE P. PARKS, C. R. NICHOLS, MRS. GEORGE R. PASCHEN, Mrs. ANNETTE A. NICHOLS, MRS. GEORGE R., JR. PASCHEN, MRS. HENRY NICHOLS, J. C. PATRICK, MISS CATHERINE NICHOLS, 8. F. PATRICK, DR. HuGH T. NICHOLSON, THOMAS G. PAULING, EDWARD G. NOBLE, ORLANDO PEABODY, HOWARD B. NOELLE, JOSEPH B. PEABODY, STUYVESANT NOONAN, EDWARD J. PEABODY, Miss SUSAN W. NORCROSS, FREDERIC F. PEACOCK, ROBERT E. NORRIS, Mrs. LESTER PEACOCK, WALTER C. NORTON, R. H. PEARSE, LANGDON NovAK, CHARLES J. PEARSON, F. W. Noyes, DAvID A. PEARSON, GEORGE ALBERT, JR. NYMAN, Dr. JOHN EGBERT PELLEY, JOHN J. PELTIER, M. F. OBERFELDER, HERBERT M. PENDELL, CHARLES W. OBERFELDER, WALTER S. PERKINS, A. T. O’BRIEN, FRANK J. PERKINS, MRS. HERBERT F. O’ CALLAGHAN, EDWARD PERRY, Dr. ETHEL B. . ODELL, WILLIAM R. PERRY, I. NEWTON O’DONNELL, Miss ROSE PETERKIN, DANIEL OFFIELD, JAMES R. PETERS, HARRY A. O’KEEFE, Mrs. DENNIS D. PETERSEN, DR. WILLIAM F. OLDEFEST, EDWARD G. PETERSON, ALEXANDER B. OLIVER, F. S. PETERSON, JURGEN OLIVER, Mrs. PAUL PETRU, E. J. OLSEN, GUSTAF ; PFLAUM, A. J. Omo, DON L. OPPENHEIMER, Mrs. Harry D. PFLOCK, DR. JOHN J. OPPENHEIMER, JULIUS PHEMISTER, DR. D. B. ORNDOFF, Dr. BENJAMIN H. PHILLIP, PETER O’ROURKE, ALBERT PHILLIPS, MONTAGU AUSTIN, (N.R.). ORTHAL, A. J. PICHER, MRS. OLIVER S. ORTMAYER, DR. MARIE Pick, ALBERT, JR. OSBORN, THEODORE L. PIERCE, PAUL OSTROM, CHARLES 8. PIOTROWSKI, NICHOLAS L. Otis, Miss EmiLty H. PIRIE, Mrs. JOHN T. JAN. 1928 PLATT, HENRY RUSSELL Pouk, Mrs. STELLA F. PoLLocK, Dr. HARRY L. PoMEROY, MRS. FRANK W. POND, IRVING K. PooL, MARVIN B. PooLe, MRS. FREDERICK ARTHUR POOLE, GEORGE A. Poor, FRED A. Poor, Mrs. FRED A. Pope, FRANK Pore, HENRY, SR. POPE, HERBERT POPPENHAGEN, HENRY PORTER, MRS. FRANK S. PORTER, JAMES F. Post, GORDON W. Post, Mrs. PHILIP SIDNEY POTTENGER, WILLIAM A. POWELL, Mrs. AMBROSE V. POWELL, ISAAC N. PRAHL FREDERICK A. PRIMLEY, WALTER S. PRINCE, LEONARD M. PRUSSING, MRS. GEORGE C. PusgEy, DR. WILLIAM ALLEN QUINLAN, CHARLES SHEPARD QUINLAN, DR. WILLIAM W. RADAU, Huco RAFTREE, Miss JuLIA M. RANDLE, HANSON F. RASMUSSEN, GEORGE READE, WILLIAM A. REDINGTON, F. B. REDINGTON, Mrs. W. H. REED, KERSEY COATES REED, NORRIS H. REGENSTEINER, THEODORE REGNERY, WILLIAM H. REHM, FRANK A. REHM, WILLIAM H. ReEicH, Miss ANNIE REID, Mrs. BRYAN REITER, JOSEPH J. RENWICK, EDWARD A. Rew, Mrs. IRWIN REYNOLDS, ARTHUR RIcE, ARTHUR L. RICE, GEORGE L. Rick, LAURENCE A. RIcH, EDWARD P. RICHTER, Mrs. ADELYN W. RICHTER, BRUNO ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR RICKETTS, C. LINDSAY RIDDLE, HERBERT H. RIDGEWAY, E. RIDGWAY, WILLIAM RIEMENSCHNEIDER, Mrs. J. H. RIpETZ, ELMER W. RIGNEY, WILLIAM T. RINALDO, PHILIP S. RIPLEY, ROBERT H. RISER, JOHN A. RITMAN, HYMAN B. RITTENHOUSE, CHAS. J. ROACH, CHARLES ROBERTS, CLARK T. ROBERTS, JOHN M. ROBERTS, S. M. ROBERTS, WILLIAM MUNSELL ROBERTSON, WILLIAM 043 ROBINSON, Mrs. MILTON E., SR. Rosson, Mrs. SARAH C, RocHE, Miss EMILY ROCKWELL, HAROLD H. RODERICK, SOLOMON P. RopGERS, Dr. DAvip C. ROEHLING, C. E. ROEHLING, Mrs. OTto G, ROEHM, GEORGE R. ROGERS, BERNARD F. ROGERS, DR. CASSIUS C. RoMER, Miss DAGMAR E. ROSENFIELD, Mrs. MAURICE ROSENTHAL, JAMES ROSENTHAL, LESSING Ross, THOMPSON Ross, WALTER S. RotH, AARON ROTHACKER, WATTERSON R. ROTHSCHILD, GEORGE W. ROTHSCHILD, MAURICE L. ROTHSCHILD, MELVILLE N. ROWE, EDGAR C. ROZELLE, Mrs. EMMA RUBOVITS, TOBY RUECKHEIM, F. W. RUSSELL, Dr. J. W. RUTLEDGE, GEORGE E., RYERSON, EDWARD L., JR. RYERSON, JOSEPH T. SALISBURY, Mrs. WARREN M. SAMMONS, WHEELER SARGENT, JOHN R. W. SARGENT, RALPH SAUTER, FRED J. SAUTER, LEONARD J. 344 FIELD MuseuM oF NATURAL HISTORY—REPporRTS, VOL. VII SCHACHT, JOHN H. SCHAFFER, DR. DAVID N. SCHAFFNER, MRS. JOSEPH SCHAFFNER, ROBERT C. SCHERMERHORN, W. I. SCHLAKE, WILLIAM SCHMIDT, DR. CHARLES L. SCHMITZ, DR. HENRY SCHMITZ, NICHOLAS J. ScHMUTZ, MRS. ANNA SCHNERING, OTTO Y. SCHNUR, RUTH A. SCHOELLKOPF, HENRY SCHROEDER, DR. GEORGE H. SCHUKRAFT, WILLIAM SCHULMAN, A. S. SCHULZE, WILLIAM SCHUYLER, Mrs. DANIEL J., JR. SCHWARTZ, CHARLES K. SCHWARTZ, CHARLES P. SCHWARZ, HERBERT SCHWARZHAUPT, EMIL Scott, FRANK H. Scott, ROBERT L. SEABURY, CHARLES W. SEAMAN, GEORGE M. SEARS, J. ALDEN SEAVER, A. E. SEE, DR. AGNES CHESTER SEEBURG, JUSTUS P. SEIP, EMIL G. SEIPP, CLARENCE T. SEIPP, EDWIN A. SEIPP, WILLIAM C. SELLO, GEORGE W. SENCENBAUGH, Mrs. G. W. SENG, FRANK J. SENG, J. T. SHAFFER, CARROLL SHAFFER, CHARLES B. SHAMBAUGH, DR. GEORGE E. SHANNON, ANGUS R. SHAPIRO, MEYER SHARP, WILLIAM N. SHARPE, N. M. SHaw, ALFRED P. SHAW, MrS. HOWARD SHAW, THEODORE A. SHEEHY, EDWARD SHELTON, Dr. W. EUGENE SHEPHERD, MRS. EDITH P. SHERIDAN, ALBERT D. SHILLESTAD, JOHN N. SHIRE, MossEs E. SHOCKEY, MRS. WILLIS G. SHoup, A. D. SHUMWAY, MRS. EDWARD DE WITT SHUMWAY, P. R. SHuTZ, ALBERT E. SIGMAN, LEON SILANDER, A. I. ‘SILBERMAN, CHARLES SILBERMAN, DAVID B, SILBERMAN, HUBERT §. SILVERTHORNE, GEO. M. SIMONDS, J. P. SIMONDS, O. C. SIMONEK, DR. B. K. SINCERE, BENJAMIN SINCLAIR, DR. J. FRANK SINGER, Mrs. MORTIMER H. SMITH, MRS. FRANK S. SMITH, FRANKLIN P. SMITH, HAROLD BYRON SMITH, JENS SMITH, JESSE E. SMITH, Mrs. KATHERINE WALKER SMITH, SAMUEL K. SMITH, Mrs. THEODORE WHITE SMITH, WALTER BYRON SMITH, Mrs. WILLIAM A. SMITH, Z. EROL SMULLAN, ALEXANDER SMULSKI, J. F. SNOW, EDGAR M. SOLEM, DR. GEORGE O. SOMERVILLE, ROBERT SOMMER, ADAM SONNENSCHEIN, EDWARD SONNENSCHEIN, DR. ROBERT SOPER, HENRY M. SORAVIA, JOSEPH SORENSEN, JAMES SPINDLER, OSCAR SPITZ, JOEL Spoor, MRS. JOHN A. STEFFENS, RALPH SUTHERLAND STEFFEY, DAVID R. STEIN, BENJAMIN F. STEIN, DR. IRVING STEIN, L. MONTEFIORE STEIN, SAMUEL M. STEIN, MRS. SETIA H. STEIN, WILLIAM D. STEPHENS, W. C. STERBA, DR. JOSEPH V. STERN, ALFRED WHITAL STERN, DAviD B. STERN, OScAR D. STEVENS, DELMAR A. JAN. 1928 STEVENS, EDWARD J. STEVENS, ELMER T. STEVENS, EUGENE M. STEVENS, HAROLD L. STEVENS, JAMES W. STEVENS, Mrs. JAMES W. STEVENS, R. G. STEVENS, RAYMOND W. STEVENSON, DR. ALEXANDER F. STEVENSON, E. STEWART, Miss AGNES N. STEWART, Miss EGLANTINE DAISY STEWART, Miss M. GRAEME STIRLING, Miss DOROTHY STRAUS, DAVID STRAUS, MARTIN L. STRAUS, 8. J. T. STRAUSS, HENRY X. STREET, Mrs. CHARLES A. STROBEL CHARLES L. STROMBERG, CHARLES J. STRONG, WALTER A. STROTZ, HAROLD C. STURGES, HOLLISTER STURGES, SOLOMON STURTEVANT, HENRY D. SUEKOFF, LouIs A. SULLIVAN, Mrs. ROGER C. SULZBERGER, FRANK L. SUTCLIFFE, Mrs. GARY SUTHERLAND, WILLIAM SWAN, Oscar H. SWANSON, JOSEPH E. SWARTCHILD, EDWARD G. SWARTCHILD, WILLIAM G, SwIFT, ALDEN B. SWIFT, EDWARD F., JR. TAFT, JOHN H. TARRANT, ROBERT TAYLOR, GEORGE HALLECK TEMPLETON, STUART J. TEMPLETON, WALTER L. TENNEY, HorAcE KENT TETER, LUCIUS THEOBOLD, DR. JOHN J. THOMAS EDWARD H. THOMAS, EMMET A. THOMAS, FRANK W. THOMAS, DR. WILLIAM A. THOMPSON, CHARLES F. THOMPSON, D. P. THOMPSON, EDWARD F. THOMPSON, JOHN R., JR. THOMPSON, Mrs. LEVERETT ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 345 THOMPSON, THOMAS W. THORNE, GEORGE A. THORNE, HALLETT W. THORNE, JAMES W. THORNTON, CHARLES S. THORNTON, DR. FRANCIS E. THORP, HARRY W. THRESHER, C. J. THULIN, F. A. TILT, CHARLES A. TOBIAS, CLAYTON H. TOUCHSTONE, JOHN HENRY TOWLE, LEROY C. TOWLER, KENNETH F. TOWNE, Mrs. ARTHUR F. TOWNE, Mrs. JOHN D. G. TRAINER, J. MILTON TRAYLOR, Mrs. Dorotuy J. TREDWELL, JOHN TRENCH, MRS. DANIEL G. TRIPP, CHESTER D. TROMBLY, DR. F. F. TRUDE, Mrs. MARK W. TURNER, ALFRED M. TURNER, MRS. CHARLTON A. TURNER, TRACY L. TUTTLE, HENRY EMERSON TYLER, ALBERT S. TYLER, ORSON K. UHLMANN, FRED UPHAM, Mrs. FREDERIC VALENTINE, JOSEPH L. VALENTINE, Mrs. May L. VALENTINE, PATRICK A. VANCLEEF, PAUL VANDEVENTER, CHRISTOPHER VANNESS, GARDINER B. VANSCHAICK, GERARD VANZWOLL, HENRY B. VEEDER, MIss JESSIE VEHON, MorRRIS VEHON, WILLIAM H. Victor, Mrs. JESSIE K. VIERLING, LOUIS Vo.Licas, Dr. JOHN N. VOORHEES, CONDIT -VoPICKA, CHARLES J. WAGNER, Dr. G. W. WAGNER, JOHN E. WaGner, Mrs. Mary G. WALKER, WILLIAM E. WALLACE, R. Y. WALLER, E. C. 346 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REpoRTs, VOL. VII WALLER, H. P. WALLER, J. ALEXANDER WALLER, MRS. JAMES B. WALLER, JAMES B., JR. WALLERICH, GEORGE W. WALLOVICK, J. H. WANNER, Mrs. HENRY J. WARD, EDWARD J. E. WARE, Mrs. LYMAN WARFIELD, EDWIN A. WARREN, J. LATHAM WARREN, PAUL C. WARWICK, W. E. WASHBURNE, CLARKE WASSELL, JOSEPH WATERMAN, Dr. A. H. WATTS, HARRY C. WAUD, E. P. WAYMAN, CHARLES A. G. WEAN, FRANK L. WEAVER, CHARLES A. WEBB, GEORGE D. WEBER, BERNARD F. WEBER, FRANK C. WEBSTER, ARTHUR L. WEBSTER, Miss HELEN R. WEDELSTAEDT, H. A. WEIL, ISADORE WEIL, MARTIN WEILER, RUDOLPH WEINZELBAUM, LOUIS L. WEISSENBACH, Mrs. MINNA K. WEISSKOPF, MAURICE J. WEISSKOPF, Dr. MAX A. WELLS, ARTHUR H. WELLS, JOHN E. WELLS, PRESTON A. WELLS, THOMAS E. WELLS, Mrs. THOMAS E. WENDELL, BARRETT, JR. WENTWORTH, HUNT WENTWORTH, Mrs. Mosgs J. WERNER, FRANK A. West, Miss MARy SYLVIA WESTERFELD, SIMON WESTRICH, Miss T. C. WETTEN, ALBERT H. WETTLING, Louis E. WHEALAN, EMMETT WHEELER, GEORGE A. WHEELER, LEO W. WHEELER, LESLIE WHEELER, Mrs. ROBERT C. WHINERY, CHARLES C. WHITE, JOSEPH J. WHITE, ROBERT WHITEHOUSE, HOWARD D. WHITING, Mrs. ADELE H. WHITING, J. H. WHITLOCK, WILLIAM A. WIBORG, FRANK B. WILDER, MRS. JOHN E. WILKINS, GEORGE LESTER WILKINSON, JOHN C. WILLEY, Mrs. CHARLES B. WILLIAMS, Miss ANNA P., WILLIAMS, HARRY L. WILLIAMS, LuciAN M. WILLIAMSON, GEORGE H. WILLIS, PAUL, JR. WILLIS, THOMAS H. WILMS, HERMAN P. WILSON, Mrs. E. CRANE WILSON, HARRY BERTRAM WILSON, Mrs. JoHN R. WILSON, Miss LILLIAN M. WILSON, MrS. MARGARET H. WILSON, Mrs. ROBERT CONOVER WINSTON, HAMPDEN WINSTON, JAMES H. WINTERBOTHAM, JOHN H. WOJTALEWICZ, REV. FRANCIS M. WOLEY, Dr. Harry P. Wor, Henry M. WOLF, WALTER B. Wo.rr, LOUIS Woop, JOHN G. Woop, ROBERT E. Woop, WILLIAM G. WoOoDRUFF, GEORGE Woops, WEIGHTSTILL WOODWARD, C. H. WOOLLEY, CHARLES F., JR. WORCESTER, Mrs. CHARLES H. WorRK, ROBERT WoORMSER, LEO F. WortTH, Miss HELEN E. WorTHY, MRS. S. W. WRENN, Mrs. EVERTS WRIGLEY, Mrs. CHARLES W. WRIGLEY, PHILIP K. YEGGE, C. FRED YERKES, Mrs. CHARLES E. YERKES, RICHARD W. YONDORF, MILTON S. ZEISLER, MRS. ERWIN P. ZIMMER, MRS. RUDOLPH E. aZIS [BINJVU Y4IIZUAMJ-9UO auryy Aopysy Aq Aulsoprxe ], (1Z Il@H) Sprig Ueowoury Jo UOIJIQIYXa 91} BUI94SAG SMOV ANV STIND NVOIUAINV ie JAN. 1928 ZIMMERMAN, HERBERT P. ZIMMERMAN, LOUIS W. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR ZORK, DAVID ZULFER, P. M. DECEASED, 1927 ARMOUR, MRS. PHILIP D. COLVIN, EDWIN M. FREAR, A. EDWARD GRAY, CHARLES W. HODGKINS, W. L. McKay, JAMES R. Marks, Louis MARTIN, HORACE HAWES O’ DONNELL, SIMON SMITH, DOUGLAS SUSTAINING MEMBERS Those who contribute $25 annually to the Museum ABBOTT, STANLEY N. ABRAHAMSON, HENRY M. ADAMS, MRS. FRANCES SPROGLE ADGATE, FREDERICK W. ALDERMAN, JEROME C. ALEXANDER, WALTER ALLEN, Mrs. EMMA W. ALLING, Mrs. VAN WAGENEN ALMES, Dr. HERMAN FE. Ausip, Mrs. CHARLES H. ALTON, CAROL W. AMIDON, ALFRED T. ANDERSON, O. HELGE ANDREWS, Dr. ALBERT H. ARMSTRONG, Mrs. JULIAN ARNOLD, O. L. ARTINGSTALL, SAMUEL G., JR. AYRES, HARRY M. BAILEY, Mrs. Epwarp W. BAKER, FRANCIS S. BARNES, Mrs. CHARLES OSBORNE BARNUM, HARRY H. BARRY, EDWARD C. BAss, JOHN F. BAUMRUCKER, CHARLES F. Bautz, ROBERT A. BEACH, E. CHANDLER BEATTY, LESTER A. BECKER, Mrs. A. G. BENJAMIN, JACK A. BEREND, GEORGE F. BERNSTEIN, FRED BERRYMAN, JOHN B. BERTSCHINGER, Dr. C. F. BEVEN, J. L. BINGA, JESSE BLACKBURN, OLIVER A. BLAIR, CHAUNCEY B. BLAIR, SAMUEL BLAIR, WOLCOTT BLAKE, WILLIAM J. BLOMGREN, DR. WALTER L. BLOUNT, FREDERICK M. BLUMENTHAL, OSCAR BLUTHARDT, EDWIN BoDE, WILLIAM F. BOETTCHER, ARTHUR H. BOHASSECK, CHARLES BouN, Mrs. BERTHA BOWLBY Boxum, Norris H. Bos.ey, M. E. Boynton, A. J. BRADFORD, RALPH B. BRENZA, Miss Mary BROWN, CHARLES A. BROWN, KENNETH C. BULLOCK, MRS. JAMES E. BURGSTRESER, NEWTON BURGWEGER, Mrs. META DEWES BURKE, WEBSTER H. BuRTCH, ALMON BuscH, ALBERT BUTLER, JOHN CAHILL, JAMES B. CAHN, BETRAM J. CAIRNS, Miss ANN MAy CANBY, CALEB H., JR. CANNON, W. J. CARBERY, NORMAN A. CAREY, MRS. WILLIAM P. CARNEY, WILLIAM Roy CARTER, DR. RANDALL A. CaryY, Dr. FRANK CASSELBERRY, Mrs. WILLIAM E. CHADWICK, CHARLES H. CHALLENGER, Mrs. AGNES B47 348 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, Vou. VII CHANDLER, HENRY P. CHAPMAN, ARTHUR E. CHAPMAN, MRS. Doris L. CLINCH, DUNCAN L. COHEN, BENJAMIN COHEN, LOUIS CoHN, MILTON M. ComPTon. D. M. CONNELL, PHILLIP G. CooKE, MISS FLORA COYLE, EDWIN L. CRAIGIE, A. M. CRATTY, MRs. JOSIAH CRILLY, EDGAR CROMWELL, GEORGE O. CRONWALL, EDWARD C. CUNEO, JOHN F. DALMAR, HuGo DANA, W. D. DANIELS, H. L. DANZ, CHARLES A. DAUCHY, MRS. SAMUEL DAVID, DR. VERNON C. DAVIES, WARREN T. DEARBEYNE, ARDEN DEDARDEL, CARL O. DEGAN, DAVID DEICHES, SIGMUND DELEMON, H. R. DEMING, EVERETT G. DENKEWALTER, W. E. DEWINDT, HEYLIGER A. DICKINSON, J. M. JR. DICKINSON, THEODORE DODGE, O. V. DONNELLY, CHRIS J. DORMAND, W. L. DOUGLASS, KINGMAN DOUGLASS, WILLIAM A. DOWDLE, JOHN J. DREISKE, GEORGE J. DUuBOW, JACOB A. DUGAN, ALPHONSO G. DUNCAN, ALBERT G. DUNER, JOSEPH A. DUNHAM, ROBERT J. DUNN, SAMUEL O. DUNN, W. FRANK DYCHE, WILLIAM A. EDMONDS, HARRY C. EDWARDS, KENNETH P. EISENSTAEDT, HARRY EISENSTEIN, SOL EITEL, Max ELLINGSEN, E. ELTING, HOWARD ELWORTHY, ROBERT S. FELSENTHAL, EDWARD GEORGE FELTMAN, CHARLES H. FERGUS, ROBERT C. FERGUSON, WILLIAM H. FETCHER, EDWIN S. FISHER, GEORGE P. FISHER, HON. HARRY M. FISHER, WALTER L. FLESCH, EUGENE W. P. FOLLANSBEE, MITCHELL D. FosTER, MRS. CHARLES K. FRANK, JEROME N. FRENCH, DUDLEY K. FULTON, FRANK D. FURRY, WILLIAM S. GALL, CHARLES H. GALLAGHER, MRs. M. F. GARDNER, HENRY A. GARRAWAY, S. G. GAW, GEORGE T. GAY, DR. ROBERT J. GEAR, H. B. GILCHRIST, MRS. WILLIAM A. GILMER, Dr. THOMAS L. GLASER, EDWARD L. GLENN, Mrs. J. M. GLICK, HARRY GOLDSTINE, DR. MARK T. GOODE, ROWLAND T. GOODEN, G. E. GOODWIN, GEORGE S. GORDON, LESLIE S. GRANT, JAMES D. GRANT, JOHN G. GRAVER, JAMES P. GRAY, REV. JAMES M. GREEN, J. B. GREENLEE, MRS. WILLIAM BROOKS GROTENHUIS, MRS. WILLIAM J. GUSTAFSON, JOHN C. HAGEN, FRED J. HAIGH, ALBERT E. HAJICEK, RUDOLPH F. HALL, EDGAR A., JR. HAMILTON, THOMAS B. HAND, GEORGE W. HANSON, Mrs. BURTON HarDy, MIss MARJORIE HART, GILBERT JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR HARTMANN, A. O. KENDALL, MRS. VIRGINIA H. HATTSTAEDT, WILLIAM O. J. KENNEDY, DAVID E. HAUvUGAN, O. H. KLEINPELL, DR. HENRY H. HEDBERG, HENRY E. KocuH, Louis G. HEIDKE, HERMAN L. KOHLSAAT, EDWARD C. HEINEMANN, EARL Komiss, DAvipD 8. HELFRICH, J. HOWARD Kopp, GUSTAVE HENDERSON, DR. ELMER E. KORTZEBORN, JACOB E. HENDERSON, THOMAS B. G. KRAUS, SAMUEL HENKEL, FREDERICK W. KRETSKE, ABEL B. HENRY, HUNTINGTON B. KUEHLHORN, ARNOLD A. H®RRICK, CHARLES E. KuRZ, DR. HENRY G. HERSHEY, J. CLARENCE Hewitt, MRS. CHARLES M. HILL, Mrs. LYSANDER HILL, Mrs. RUSSELL D. HILL, SAMUEL B. HIMROD, Mrs. FRANK W. HINES, J. W. HINTZ, JOHN C. LACHANCE, Mrs. LEANDER H. LANG, EDWARD J. LANGSTON, TONY LATHROP, GARDINER LAWLESS, BENJAMIN W. LAWRENCE, W. J. LEE, MRs. JOHN H. S. HopekIns, Mrs. W. L. LEIGHT, ALBERT E. HOGAN, FRANK LINDQUIST, J. E. HouMAN, Dr. E. H. LINTON, BENJAMIN B. HoLmEs, GEorcE J LLEWELLYN, MRS. JOHN T. +} es HoLMEs, WILLIAM N. ee: Me 3: HORNER, Dr. DAvip A, ci . na biel HORNUNG, JOHN C. OEB, LEO A. Horcukiss, MILES E LOEWENTHAL, Mrs. JULIUS W. + J « HortincErR, ADOLPH LorD, Harry J. Hoyne, FRANK C. LOUER, ALBERT S. Hoyt, Mrs. PHEetpes B LYNCH, WILLIAM JOSEPH b e e HUBBARD, GEORGE W. MacLeisu, Mrs. ANDREW HUGHES, JOHN W. MAGILL, RoBERT M. HUNCKE, O. W. MALLINSON, EDWIN MANLEY, JOHN A. INGEMAN, LYLE 8S. Marcus, MAURICE S. ISAACS, CHARLES W., JR. Marcy, GEorGE E. MARKMAN, BS. K. JACKSON, ARCHER L. MARRIOTT, ABRAHAM R. JAFFE, DR. HERMAN MARTIN, SAMUEL H. JENKINS, DAVID F. D. MATHIAS, LEE D. JERREMS, Mrs. D. EDWIN MAYER, Oscar F., SR. JOHNSON, ARTHUR McCartTHy, JAMES I. JOHNSON, CHESTER H. McCAUGHEY, FRANK J. JOHNSON, ISAAC HORTON McCoRMACK, PRor. HARRY JOHNSON, THEODORE H. McCrea, W. S. JOHNSTONE, DR. A. RALPH. McDivitt, HERBERT J. JONES, W. CLYDE McINTOSH, MRS. WALTER G. McIver, DANA T. KARPEN, MICHAEL McMEneEMYyY, L. T. KAVANAGH, CLARENCE H. McVoy, JOHN M. KEENE, MRS. JOSEPH MEERHOFF, DR. CHARLES E. KELKER, RUDOLPH F., JR. MELNICK, LEOPOLD B. KELLY, D. F. MILES, Mrs. ETHEL EDMUNDS 350 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII MILLER, JOHN J. MILLER, Mrs. OLIVE BEAUPRE MINoTTO, MRS. JAMES MITCHELL, GEORGE F. MITCHELL, JOHN J., JR. MITCHELL, Mrs. JoHN J., JR. Mour, EDWARD Mour, Miss HARRIET Moist, MRs. S. E. MONAGHAN, THOMAS H. Mors, Mrs. CHARLES J. MURPHY, JOHN P. V. NADLER, DR. WALTER H. NATHAN, CLAUDE NEBEL, HERMAN C. NEILSON, Mrs. FRANCIS NEUFFER, PAUL A. NEWHOUSE, KARL NIEMANN, FRED W. Noyes, A. H. O’CoONNOR, Mrs. JOHN R. O’NEIL, JOHN P. OPPENHEIMER, ALFRED PACKER, CHARLES SWASEY PARKER, DR. GASTON C. PARKER, DR. RALPH W. PARKINSON, ROBERT H. PARMELEE, Dr. A. H. PARTRIDGE, LLOYD C. PAYNE, ARTHUR W. PECK, DR. DAVID B. PETERSON, ARTHUR J. PETERSON, AXEL A. PETERSON, Mrs. BERTHA I. PHELPS, Mrs. W. L. PIERCE, Mrs. FRANK E. PIERCE, J. NORMAN PISZATOWSKI, EDWARD B. PITcHER, Mrs. HENRY L. PLUNKETT, WILLIAM H. POLE, JAMES S. Post, FREDERICK, JR. Press, Mrs. JAcos H. PRITZKER, I. L. PROTHERO, DR. JAMES H. Psota, Dr. FRANK J. PUCKEY, F. W. PURCELL, J. D. PurpDy, SPARROW KE. PuTNAM, Miss MABEL C. RANDALL, IRVING RATHJE, WILLIAM J. RAYNER, ARNOLD P. REA, Dr. ALBERTINE L. REINHARDT, S. LOUIS, JR. RELLIHEN, EDWIN G. RENTNER, OTTO C. RICH, HLMER RICHARDS, MARCUS D. RICHARDSON, GEORGE RICHARDSON, Guy A. RICKCORDS, FRANCIS Rigs, Dr. EMIL RINDER, E. W. ROBBINS, HENRY S. ROBBINS, PERCY A. ROESSLER, CARL C. ROSENTHAL, KuRT ROTHSCHILD, JUSTIN ROUTH, GEORGE D., JR. RUTHERFORD, JOHN J. RYERSON, DONALD M. SANBORN, E. W. SAWYER, DR. ALVAH L. SCHEUNEMANN, Rost. G. SCHIRESON, DR. HENRY J. SCHLITT, HERMAN J. SCHOLL, DR. WILLIAM M. SCHULZE, Mrs. MATHILDE Scott, E. H. SCRIBNER, GILBERT SHATTUCK, WALTER F. SHAW, ANDREW H. SHELDON, JAMES M. SILLS, CLARENCE W. SINCERE, CHARLES SKOOGLUND, DAVID SLADER, THOMAS SMITH, WALTER BOURNE SMITHIES, Dr. FRANK SONNEVELD, JACOB, SR. — SPALDING, Mrs. CHARLES F. SPERLING, SAMUEL STEARNS, Mrs. RIcHARD [. STEBBINS, FRED J. STOCKTON, EUGENE M. STRANDBERG, HRIC P. SUTTON, HAROLD I. TAYLOR, CHARLES CORTLAND TEED, FRANK B. TENINGA, CORNELIUS THOMPSON, C. E. THOMPSON, Mrs. CHARLES ——— JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 351 THOMPSON, FRED L. WATSON, Miss Mina M. TILDEN, MRS. EDWARD WEBSTER, DR. RALPH W. TILDEN, LOUIS EDWARD WECKER, WALTER A. TIMBERLAKE, Mrs. THOMAS M. WEIL, DAVID MAXWELL Perzet Dr. W. R. WEINHOEBER, GEORGE V. TOOLEN, CLARENCE A. WEIs, S. W. TORBET, A. W. WELLS, HARRY L. TRUDE, HON. DANIEL P. WELTER, JOHN N. TUCKER, S. A. WERTH, A. HERMAN ‘TURNER, Dr. B.S. WHITE, SELDEN FREEMAN LETTLE, F. B. WHITING, LAURENCE H. WILDER, JOHN E. ULRICH, PERRY WILLIAMS, J. M. VALENTINE, STEPHEN WILSON, Morris KARL VEHON, SIMON HENRY WINDsoR, H. H., JR. i Voss, ADOLPH G. SR. Wor, Mrs. ALBERT H. Woop, Kay, JR. WALKER, EDGAR H. WARD, Miss MARJORIE YONKERS, EDWARD H. WARE, MRS. CHARLES W. WASHBURNE, HEMPSTEAD, JR. ZERLER, CHARLES F. WASHINGTON, LAURENCE W. ZIELINSKI, THEODORE J. DECEASED, 1927 COWLES, THOMAS H. ROCHE, MARTIN DARLING, CHARLES RUECKHEIM, LOUIS ANNUAL MEMBERS Those who contribute $10 annually to the Museum AAGAARD, WALTER S., JR. ADAMS, CYRUS H., JR. AARON, Ey M. ADAMS, DAViD ABBOTT, EDWIN H. ADAMS, ERNEST E. ABBOTT, GUY H. ADAMS, FRANK R. ABBOTT, MRS. KATHERINE M. ADAMS, Mrs. HENRY T. ABBOTT, DR. W. R. ADAMS, J. KIRK ABEL, HARRY ADAMS, JOHN Q. ABEL, WILLIAM H. ApDAMs, M. G. ABELL, Miss Lity CAROLYN ApAms, Miss M. JOICE ABELLS, Cou. H. D. ADAMS, MYRON E. ABNEY, M. D. ADAMS, SAMUEL P. ABORN, E. A. ADAMS, Mrs. W. T. ABRAHAMSON, JOHN ADDAMS, MISS JANE ABRAMS, HYMAN B. ADLER, Dr. HERMAN M. O. Ast, Hueco A. F. ADLER, LEO ABT, Dr. Isaac A. AFFLECK, BENJAMIN F. Aer Mrs. J. J. AHLBORN, FRANK H. ACKERT, Mrs, CHARLES H. AHNFELT, JOHN ADAMS, ALBERT S. AIKEN, Mrs. ROBERT J. ADAMS, C. E. B. AILES, ADRIAN S. AISHTON, RICHARD A. ALBERS, Dr. EDGAR H. ALCORN, WILLIAM R. ALDEN, W. T. ALDRICH, FREDERICK C. ALEXANDER, FRANKLIN E. ALFORD, O. P. ALLAIS, ARTHUR L. ALLEN, Dr. A. V. ALLEN, AMOS G. ALLEN, AUGUSTUS C. ALLEN, HARRY W. ALLEN, J. B. ALLEN, JOHN D. ALLEN PHILIP S. ALLENSWORTH, A. P. ALLMAN, GEORGE D. ALSCHULER, HON. SAMUEL ALTMAN, ROBERT M. ALTON, MRS. JESSE B. AMBERG, J. WARD ANDEL, JOHN ANDERSON, Mrs. A. S. ANDERSON, MRs. ADELE ANDERSON, B. G. ANDERSON, BENJAMIN N. ANDERSON, BROOKE ANDERSON, DAVID G. ANDERSON, JOHN ARTHUR ANDERSON, JOHN E. ANDERSON, NORMAN K. ANDREEN, OTTO C. ANDREWS, DR. BENJAMIN F. ANDREWS, DR. EDMUND ANOoFF, ISIDOR S. ANTHONY, CHARLES E. ANTHONY, JOSEPH R. ANTONOW, SAMUEL L. ANTRIM, Mrs. ELBERT M. ARBUCKLE, MRS. G. S. ARENS, DR. ROBERT A. ARMS, HERBERT C. ARMSTRONG, EDWARD E. ARMSTRONG, MRS. KATHERINE ARN, W. G. ARNOLD, Mrs. DEWITT R. ARNOLD, FRANCIS M. ARNOLD, Mrs. Hueco F. ARNOLD, MARSHALL ARQUETTE, GEORGE L. ARTHUR, GEORGE E. ASCHER, NATHAN | ASHCRAFT, EDWIN M., JR. ASHCRAFT, R. M. ASMA, Dr. F. M. 352 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII ATKEISSON, Dr. J. E. H. ATKINSON, CHARLES T. AUBLE, WILSON C. AUBRY, NUMA G. AUSTIN, M. B. AUSTIN, WILLIAM B. AUSTRIAN, Mrs. EDWIN AVERY, A: Biz AXELSON, CHARLES F. AXMAN, SAMUEL H. AYERS, BURLEY B. BABCOCK, ADOLPH BaAscock, Mrs. E. N. BABCOCK, F. M. BABCOCK, ORVILLE E. BACHMANN, DR. HARROLD A. BACON, DR. C. S. BAcoNn, MRS. EDSON C. BADENOCH, DAVID A. BADGER, SHREVE COWLES BAER, DR. JOSEPH L. BAGBY, MRS. C. B. BAGGE, CHRISTIAN U. BAGGOT, EDWARD B. BAILEY, DR. G. T. BAILEY, W. H. BAIRD, MRS. EDITH G. BAKER, ARTHUR R. BAKER, C. M. BAKER, CLAUDE M. BAKER, Mrs. DORA H. BAKER, G. W. BAKER, JAMES CHILDS BAKER, JAMES R. BAKER, Miss JULIA A. BAKER, MIss LILLIAN BALABAN, Mrs. A. J. BALCH, HOWARD K. BALDERSTON, Mrs. STEPHEN V. BALDWIN, E. H. BALDWIN, J. F. BALDWIN, MRS. ROSECRANS BALDWIN, WILLIAM BALKIN, LOUIS BALL, MRS. GODFREY H. BALL, JOHN BALLARD, Mrs. E. S. BALLAS, A. L. BAME, ADOLPH BANGS, WILLIAM D. BANKARD, E. HOOVER, JR. BANKS, CHARLES ACKERT BANNING, SAMUEL W. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR abe BARKER, EDWARD E. BENSLER, ERNEST BARKER, LEWIS BENTLEY, RICHARD BARLOW, Mrs. HENRY C. BERENBAUM, SAMUEL BARNARD, HARRY BERG, Dr. O. H. BARNES, CARL L. BERG, OTTO BARNES, PROF. NATHANIEL W. BERGER, HENRY A. BARNES, SYDNEY G. BERGH, E. G. BARNES, W. BERGH, Ross F. BARRETT, M. J. P. BERGSTROM, O. BARRETT, OLIVER R. BERKOWITZ, Dr. J. G. _ BARSALOUX, PAUL K. BERNSTEIN, AARON D. BARTELLS, DR. HENRY W. F. BERRY, H. Roy BARTH, LEWIS L. BERRY, V. D. BARTHOLF, WILLIAM J. BERSBACH, ELMER S. BARTHOLOMAY, HERMAN BESHEARS, MANSFIELD BARTHOLOMAY, WILLIAM., JR. BESTEL, OLIVER A. BARTLETT, CHARLES C. BETTELHEIM, BERT Bascom, F. T. BETTMAN, DR. R. B. Bass, Dr. G. E. BIBBER, THOMAS H. BATES, JOSEPH A. BIDDLE, ROBERT C. BAUM, JAMES E., JR. BIEHN, DR. J. F. Baum, Mrs. JAMEs E., JR. BIRD, HERBERT J. BAUMANN, Mrs. F. O. BIRKENSTEIN, GEORGE BIRKENSTEIN, LOUIS BIRMINGHAM, Mrs. EUGENE E. BISBEE, CHARLES A. BAUMGARDEN, NATHAN W. BAXTER, DR. GEORGE E. BAXTER, JOHN E. a ’ a + BISBEE, W. G. AYLESS, HARRY U. BLACK, BENJAMIN H. BAYLEY, Mrs. EDWIN F. Biack, HERMAN BAYLOR, Dr. FRANK W. "BLACK, W. J. ae CALVIN B. BLACKFORD, WILBUR F. EACOM, HAROLD BLACKMAN, HERBERT F. BEARDSLEY, Mrs. MADELINE I. BLacKwoop, Dr. L. W. a Dr. E. G. BLAINE, DR. EDWARD S. =e H. FREDERIC Biarr, Mrs. M. BARBOUR ECK, DR. JOSEPH C. Buair, THoMas S., JR. BECKER, Mrs. HERBERT W. BLAKELEY, JOHN M. = eae ee V. BLESSING, LEWIS G. 2 ea OTHAR BLISS, CHARLES F. as Ms. EDwIn B. BLITZSTEN, Dr. N. LIONEL EERLY, G. E. BLock, Mrs. JOSEPH B. BEERS, Dr. BERTRAM R. Biock, Dr. Louis H. BEHRENS, GEORGE A. BLOMQUIST, ALFRED BEIDLER, AUGUSTUS F. BLONDER, EDWARD G. Brit, Mrs. Harry H. BLOOMFIELD, Dr. JAMES H. BELDEN, JOSEPH C. BLOUNT, M. A 3 es . BELINSKI, S. A. BLYTHE, Mrs. J. W. BELL, HAYDEN N. Boss, Dwicut S. BELLOWS, Mrs. L. E. H. BopDMAN, Mrs. EDWARD W. BEMIS, ANTHONY J. BoEHM, BRUNO J. BENDELARI, ARTHUR BOGAN, WILLIAM J. BENNET, WILLIAM S. BOHNER, WILLIAM F. BENNETT, E. H. BoOHNETT, HARRY W. BENNINGTON, HAROLD BOLLENS, WALTER BENOIST, WILLIAM F. : BOLugEs, C. E. Bout, M. C. BOLTEN, PAUL H. BOLTON, JOHN F. BONNER, FRANCIS A. BOONE, ARTHUR Boot, Dr. G. W. BORCHERT, DR. ROBERT L. BORMAN, T. A. BORN, EDGAR R. BOTHMAN, DR. L. BOURNIQUE, ALVAR L. BouRQUE, DR. N. ODEON BousA, DR. B. Bovik, Mrs. ANNA Bowk, AUGUSTINE J. BOWEN, JOSEPH T., JR. BowEs, DR. WILLIAM J. BRACH, MRS. EDWIN J. BRACHVOGEL, MRS. CHRISTINA BRADFORD, THOMAS H. BRADLEY, CHARLES E. BRADLEY, FRED J. BRADLEY, HERBERT E. BRADSTREET, PERCY W. BRANDENBURG, Mrs. O. H. BRANNEN, GEORGE L. BRAUN, ARTHUR J. BRAUN, DR. SAMUEL A. BRAWLEY, DR. FRANK E. BREEN, J. W. BRENNEMANN, DR. JOSEPH BREWER, EDWARD H. BREWER, HARRY F. BREWSTER, WILLIAM E. BRIGGS, CARL R. BRIN, HARRY L. BRINK, MRs. E. S. BRISCOE, GEORGE L. BRISTOL, JAMES T. BROADICE, MRS. J. L. BRODKORB, WILLIAM P. BRODSKY, DR. JACOB BRODSKY, J. J. BRopT, IRWIN W. BROMAN, DR. ROBERT BRONSON, Mrs. MARY HorRTON BROOKS, ROBERT EF. L. BROOKES, RALPH W. BROOME, JOHN SPOOR BROOME, Mrs. THORNHILL BROOMELL, CHESTER C. BROUGHAM, DR. EDWARD J. BROUILLETT, Dr. R. J. BROWER, JULE F. BROWN, ALVIA K. 354 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpoRTs, VOL. VII BROWN, DR. CALVIN E. BROWN, CHARLES W. BROWN, EDWARD HAGLE Brown, H. A. Brown, Dr. JOSHUA M. BROWN, J. RICE BROWN, STEWART R. BROWN, W. GRAY BROWN, WILBUR M. BROWN, DR. WILLIAM CULP BRUCKER, Dr. EDWARD A. BRUCKER, DR. MATTHEW W. BRUMLEY, DANIEL JOSEPH BRUNKER, A. R. BRYANT, DONALD R. BUCHANNON, BYRON BUCHBINDER, DR. J. R. BuCHEN, Mrs. WALTHER Buck, Dr. ALFRED L. Buck, Mrs. LILLIAN B. BUCKINGHAM, JOHN BUCKINGHAM, TRACY W. BUCKLEY, MRS. WARREN BUCKLIN, MRS. VAIL R. BUDDEKE, I. W. BUEHLER, Mrs. ERNEST BUELL, MRS. CHARLES C. BUKOFZER, DR. ERIK BUKOWSKI, PETER I. BULL, GORDON W. BULLARD, SELLAR BUNCK, EDWARD C. BUNGE, AUGUST H., SR. BUNKER, CHARLES C. Bunn, B. H. BUNTING, Guy J. BUNZEL, PAUL M. BURDICK, DR. ALFRED S. BURGMEIER, JOHN M. BURKE, DR. SAMUEL T. BURKHARDT, CHARLES E. BURNHAM, CLAUDE G. BURNHAM, D. H. BURNHAM, HUBERT BURNS, JOHN J. BURNSTINE, I. H. BuRR, MAURICE BuRROWS, DR. GENE BurRRY, WILLIAM, JR. BURTON, FRED A. BuscH, FRANCIS X. BUSHONVILLE, JAMES T. BUSSIAN, JOHN A. BUTLER, CHARLES E. BUTLER, EDWARD P. JAN. 1928 Butzow, Dr. ARTHUR M. BuxBAUM, DR. HENRY BYRNE, DR. M. W. K. BYRNE, THOMAS H. CAHILL, WILLIAM A. CAHN, BENJAMIN R. CAIN, CHARLES N. CAIN, G. R. CALDWELL, DR. CHARLES P. CALDWELL, H. WARE CALDWELL, LOUIS G. CALLAHAN, Mrs. A. F. CALLNER, JOSEPH M. CALVIN, DR. JOSEPH K. CAMP, BENJAMIN B. CAMP, CURTIS B. CAMPBELL, ANDREW L. CAMPBELL, ARGYLE CAMPBELL, DONALD A. CAMPBELL, Mrs. ISAIAH CAMPBELL, MRS. JOHN G. CAMPBELL, ROBERT A. CAMPBELL, ROBERT W. CAMPE, FRANK O. CANAVAN, J. NEWELL CANEPA, JAMES P. CANNING, ANDREW P. CAPPER, JOHN S. CARD, JOSEPH B. CAREY, FRANK L. CARLETON, STANLEY CARLILE, WILLIAM B. CARLIN, LEO J. CARLS, DR. FRED G. CARLSEN, CHARLES J. CARLSEN, Dr. HALDOR CARNAHAN, MRs. GLEN C. CARPENTER, JOHN ALDEN CARPENTER, W. W. S. CARR, DR. JAMES G. CARROLL, MICHAEL A. CARTEAUX, LEON L. CARTER, ALLAN J. CARTER, C. B. | CARTER, FREDERICK M. CARY, GEORGE B., Sr. CASAVANT, GusTAV A. CASE, HoRACE D. CASEY, J. R. CASEY, THOMAS Cass, Mrs. Roy H. CASSELS, G. J. CASSIDY, WILLIAM J. CASTENHOLZ, W. B. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR CASTLE, SYDNEY CATES, DUDLEY CAVENEE, Mrs. C. M. CERF, LOuIS R. CERVENKA, JOHN A. CHAMBLIN, MRS. WILLIAM F. CHAMPION, HARRY A. CHANDLER, C. F. CHANDLER, CHARLES H. CHANDLER, FRANK R. CHAPIN, RUFUS, F. CHAPMAN, MRS. FRANK A. CHAPMAN, Mrs. JOHN A. CHAPMAN, WILLIAM GERARD CHASE, Mrs. LEONA CHASE, SAMUEL T. CHATTIN, WILLIAM CHAVIS, Dr. SAMUEL W. CHESTER, H. H. CHILDS, KENT C. CHILDS, LESTER C. CHRISSINGER, HORACE B. CHRISTENSEN, HENRY C. CHRISTIANSEN, DR. HENRY CHRISTIB, Dr. Roy E. CHRISTIE, SIGURD A. CHRISTOFFERSON, Dr. E. A. CHUNN, CLAY D. CHURAN, LEO M. CuHuRcH, Mrs. EMMA CHURCHILL, RICHARD S. CIOTOLA, Dr. E. CLAPP, Dr. HUBERT B. CLARE, HERBERT O. CLARK, DR. CHARLES C. CLARK, H. K. CLARK, HARRY B. CLARK, JAMES D. CLARK, MANCEL T. CLARK, RALPH C. CLARKE, BROADUS J. CLARKE, FREDERICK E. CLAUSSEN, EDMUND J. CLAVEY, F. B. CLAYPOOL, GLEN F. CLAYTON, BENJAMIN W. CLEARY, CHARLES H. CLEARY, JOHN J., JR. CLEAVE, Mrs. FRANCES D. CLEMINSON, DR. HALDANE CLEVELAND, Mrs. A. F. CLITHERO, W. S. CLONEY, T. W. 305 356 FIELD MusEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REpoRtTs, VOL. VII CiLow, Mrs. Harry B. CLOYES, WILLIAM E. CLUFF, EDWIN E. COBURN, ALONZO J. COBURN, J. M. COBURN, JOHN J. COCHRAN, J. L. Con, FRANK GALT CorFIN, Mrs. FRED Y. CoFFIN, PERCY B. COHN, CHARLES COLBURN, WARREN E. COLDREN, CLIFTON C. CoLet, E. LESLIE COLEMAN, B. R. COLEMAN, CLARENCE L. COLLINS, ARTHUR W. COLLINS, BERYL B. COLLINS, GEORGE R. COLLINS, DR. LORIN C. COLLINS, DR. RUFUS G. COLLISON, EDGAR K. COLNON, PHILIP COLVER, HERBERT L. COMERFORD, FRANK Comstock, Miss ETHEL CONDON, THOMAS J. Conpy, Louis H. CONE, ALBERT P. CONGER, MRS. WILLIAM PEREZ CONGLIS, NICHOLAS P. CONKEY, H. P. CONLON, WILLIAM F. CONRAN, Mrs. WALTER A. CONSOER, ARTHUR W. Coox, Miss EpItuH S. Cook, Mrs. GEORGE E. COOKE, CHARLES E. CookE, Mrs. DAvIpD S., JR. CooKE, MRS. GEORGE J. CooLeEy, ASA B, Coon, ROBERT E. COOPER, CHARLES H. COOPER, FRED W. COOPER, FREDERICK A. CoRBOY, WILLIAM J. CORDELL, ARTHUR N. CorEy, RALPH L. CoREY, WILLIAM H. CORPER, ERWIN CORSANT, MRS. CHARLES KING CORSER, CHARLES B. CorRwIN, Dr. ARTHUR M. CostA, MRS. JOSEPH C. COSTELLO, THOMAS J. COSTIGANE, WILLIAM B. COSTON, JAMES E. COURVOISIER, DR. EARL A. CowaAN, MRs. GRACE L. Cowan, Mrs. Lora §, Cox, ARTHUR M. Cox, HENRY J. CRADDOCK, J. F. CRANE, GEORGE E. CRANE, JACOB L., JR. CRAWFORD, ADAM W. CRAWFORD, FREDERICK FE. CREED, DANIEL A. CREEDON, MRS. CLARA W. CREGO, FRANK A. CRERAR, Mrs. JOHN CROFTAN, DR. ALFRED C. CRONKHITE, ALBION C. CROSBY, MRS. FREDERICK W. CRUMRINE, Dr. L. B. CUDNEY, HAROLD N. CULLISON, JAMES B., JR. CUMMINGS, Mrs. JoHN L. CUNEO, FRANK CUNNEA, WILLIAM A. CUNNINGHAM, DR. JOSEPH L. CUNNINGHAM, ROBERT D. CUNNINGHAM, ROBERT M. CURRAN, O. P., JR. CURRAN, PETER A. CURSHAN, MARCUS CurTISs, Miss FRANCIS H. CurRTis, Louis R. CUSACK, FRANCIS J. CUTLER, HENRY E. DAHL, DR. PETRA M. DAHLQUIST, C. M. DAICHES, ELI DALLAGER, DR. Roy A. DALLAS, CHARLES D. DALLSTREAM, ANDREW J. DALTON, ERNEST E. DALY, Dr. T. A. DAMMANN, J. F., JR. DANIELSON, FRED V. DANKOWSKI, I. F. DAUGHADAY, C. COLTON DAVID, SIDNEY S. DAVIDONIS, DR. ALEXANDER L. DAVIDSON, Mrs. GEORGE M. DAVIDSON, JULIUS DAVIDSON, Lucius H. DAVIDSON, Miss Mary E. DAVIES, J. E. JAN. 1928 DAVIES, MARSHALL DAVIES, P. W. DAVIES, WILLIAM B. DAVIS, CoOL. ALEXANDER M. Davis, Dr. AMY REAMS DAVIS, ARTHUR DAVIS, CHARLES E. DAVIS, CHARLES H. DAVIS, DON DavIs, DR. H. [. DAVIS, J. N. Davis, Mrs. NEWTON E. DAVIS, PAUL H. DAVIS, W. OWEN DAY, CLYDE L. Day, STEPHEN A. DEAN, Mrs. ELLA Woop DEASON, DR. WILBORN J. DECKER, Mrs. JOHN E. DEFIELD, WILLIAM R. DELANEY, JOHN V. DELANO, HORACE H. DELANY, FAUSTIN S. DeLoacu#, R. J. H. DELONG, F. T. DELSON, Louis J. DeMoutTH, Mrs. ELIZABETH S. DENEEN, ROBERT J. DENGLER, ALBERT C. DEPUE, OSCAR B. DESAUTY, Mrs. SYDNEY DESMET, RENE C. DESTEFANI, TULLY DEUBERT, FRED E. DEUTSCHMANN, RUDOLPH DEVRIES, GEORGE DICKINSON, PHIL S. DICKINSON, ROBERT B. DIENER, GEORGE W. DIGNAN, FRANK W. DILKES, Howarp B. DINGLE, FRANK E. Dixon, Mrs. ArtTuHuR, III DIXON, SIMEON W. DOLKE, Mrs. W. FRED, JR. DONKLE, MrRs. L. B. DONNELLY, THORNE DONOVAN, DR. W. R. Dors, GEORGE B. DoRskEy, JOHN T., JR. DOUGLAS, Scott MorGAN DOYLE, Epwarp J. DOYLE, EDWARD V. DOYLE, LEO J. DOYLE, THOMAS J. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 357 DRAKE, LYMAN M., JR. DRELL, Mrs. J. B. DRENNAN, JOHN G. DRESSEL, FREDERICK C. DREZMAL, MAX A. DRIELSMA, I. J. DRYDEN, Mrs. GEORGE B. DRYNAN, WILLIAM G. DucsE, ALBERT DuGGAN, Mrs. HENRY DUNBAUGH, HARRY J. DUNCAN, W. S. DUNER, DR. CLARENCE S. DUNLAP, GEORGE H. DUNLAP, MRS. SAMUEL A. DUNLAP, Mrs. T. M. DUNN, EDWARD J. DUNNING, N. MAx DUNSCOMB, GEORGE H. DUPEE, EUGENE H. DuRHAM, Mrs. ELEANOR G. DUVAL, CARL E. DUVAL, DR. EMILE C: EASTHOPE, JOSEPH EATON, DR, D. B. EATON, WILLIAM A. EBBESEN, A. C. Eck, Dr. CHARLES P. Eppy, Mrs. Morris R. EDLIN, DR. J. V. EDMONDS, Miss NORA EDMONDSON, EDMUND P. EHRMAN, WALTER E, EHRMANN, DR. FRED J. E. EICHMAN, Mrs. HARVEY F. EISENDRATH, EDWIN W. EISENDRATH, JOSEPH L. ELAM, Mrs. M. A. ELDRED, H. WARD ELEY, NING EvicH, Mrs. HERMAN ELIEL, Mrs. THERESA G. ELLBOGEN, Mrs. Max ELLERT, ARNOLD M. ELLIOTT, DR. CLINTON A. ELLIOTT, FRANCKE C. ELLIOTT, L. G. ELMER, DR. RAYMOND F. ELMSLIE, GEORGE G. ELTING, Mrs. M. W. EMERY, WILLIAM H. EMIG, HOWARD A. ENGELHARD, BENJAMIN M. ENGELHART, FRANK C. 358 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REpoRTs, VOL. VII ENGELS, Dr. NICHOLAS R. ENGLAND, EDWARD L. ENGLE, MRS. WALTER ENGLISH, JOHN J. ENRIGHT, FRANK J. EPSTEIN, BENJAMIN P. EPSTEIN, HENRY P. ERD, ARTHUR A. ERICKSON, ELMER ERICKSON, HUBBARD H. ESMOND, JOHN W. ESTES, C. E. ETERNO, DR. JOHN EVANS, Mrs. ARTHUR T. EVERETT, EDWARD W. EWEN, WILLIAM R. T. FAIR, Dr. FRED F. FALK, LESTER L. FANNING, C. G. FANTUS, Dr. BERNARD FARNSWORTH, G. J. FARQUHAR, R. C. FARQUHARSON, WILLIAM J. FARWELL, STANLEY P. FAULKNER, DR. L. FAVORITE, Mrs. ISABEL C. PELL. Aw. FELZ, MRS. HARRY J. FENGER, MRS. CHRISTIAN FENLEY, WILLIAM H. FENTRESS, JAMES FERGUSON, DR. ALLEN HARVEY FERGUSON, 8S. Y., JR. FERGUSON, WILLIAM I. FESSENDEN, ASA C. FETZER, WILLIAM R. FIELD, HEMAN H. FIELD, HENRY FIELD, MRS. WENTWORTH G. FIELDHOUSE, CLARENCE B. FINDLEY, DR. EPHRAIM K. FINIGAN, THOMAS FINK, GEORGE E. FINNEY, W. N. FISCHEL, FREDERIC A. FISCHER, Miss ALICE D. FISCHER, ANTHONY C. FISCHER, ARTHUR FISCHRUPP, GEORGE FISHBEIN, DR. MORRIS FISHER, Dr. HART E. FISHER, S. FISKE, KENNETH B. FitcH, THOMAS FITZGERALD, Dr. J. E. FLACK, THOMAS FLAHERTY, JOSEPH F. FLANIGAN, ARTHUR H. FLEMING, EDWARD J. FLINN, Mrs. F. B. FLINN, JOHN J. FLOESSLER, ARTHUR M. FLOYD, HENRY B. FLYNN, MAURICE J. FOLEY, HARRY B. FOLEY, JOHN M. FOLTZ, HARRY G. FONES, JAMES J. Forp, T. A. FORGAN, JAMES B., JR. FORREST, GEORGE D. FORSINGER, DARWIN A. FORTELKA, DR. FRANK L. FORTUNE, JOHN L. FOSBURG, H. A. FospDIck, K. J. FOSTER, CHAUNCEY C. FOSTER, Mrs. HIRAM E. FOSTER, DR. MABEL G. FOWLER, CARL FOWLER, G. F. FOWLER, HENRY FOWLER, MRS. JOHN W. Fox, Dr: PAu G Fox, MRS. WILLIAM W. FRANK, BARNEY FRANK, DAVID FRANK, FREDERICK W. FRANK, SAMUEL I. FRANKE, DR. FRED C. FRANKE, DR. META E. FRANKENSTEIN, RUDOLPH FRANKLIN, M. E. FRASER, JOSEPH J. FRASER, N. D. FRAZEE, SEWARD C. FREDERICK, R.L. ~~ FREEMAN, Mrs. ERNEST H. FREEMAN, THEODORE F. FREEMAN, WALTER W. FREEMAN, WILLIAM A. FREER, H. M. FRENCH, C. W. FRENZEL, MRS. HENRY FREUDENTHAL, G. S. FREUND, ERWIN O. FRIED, HARRY N. FRIEDBERG, Mrs. STANTON FRIEDER, EDWARD N. JAN. 1928 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 359 FRIEDLICH, MRS. HERBERT FRIEDMAN, I. S. FRIEDMAN, Mrs. ISAAC K. FRIEND, OSCAR F. | FROEHLING, ARTHUR F. Fucik, BE. J. FULLAM, CHARLES J. FYFE, JAMES L. GABATHULER, MISS JUANITA GABEL, WALTER H. GABER, BENJAMIN GABRIEL, FRANK J. GAITHER, OTHO S. GALE, ABRAM GALE, FREDERICK A. GALETTI, CHARLES G. GALLAGHER, T. E. GALLAGHER, DR. WILLIAM J. GALLAUER, C. GALLUP, HAROLD E. GAMBLE, JAMES A. GANNON, GEORGE GANO, DAVID R. GANS, DANIEL GANS, GLENN R. GARDNER, ROBERT H. GARLICK, ROBIN C. GARRISON, BERNARD C. GARRISON, DR. LESTER E. GARTSIDE, JOHN L. GARVER, JACOB MARLOWE GARVEY, B. S. GARY, Dr. I. C. GATES, NEIL H. GATES, PHILLIP R. GATHMAN, ARTHUR E. GAUL, H.J. GEBHARDT, ERNEST A. GEDDES, THOMAS GEDDES, WILLIAM H. GEER, Mrs. IRA J. ~ GENDRON, Miss LOUISE GENTRY, MRs. VEIT GEORGE, Mrs. ALBERT B, GEORGE, CALVIN M. GEORGE, MARSHALL W. GERAGHTY, GERALD G. GERINGER, CHARLES M. GERTZ, RUDOLPH V. GETSCHOW, GEORGE M. GEUTHER, OTTo R. GIBBS, WILLIAM J. GIBSON, CHARLES H. GIBSON, Mrs. IRENE M. GIBSON, Dr. STANLEY GIELOW, WALTER C. GIESSEL, HENRY GILCHRIST, Miss HARRIET F. GILES, Miss A. H. GILES, Dr. ROSCOE GILKES, WILLIAM H. GILL, ADOLPH GILL, WALLACE GILLANDERS, KENNETH GILRUTH, IRWIN T. GINDELE, Mrs. C. W. GINSBURG, HARRY GITTER, Miss Mary B. GLADER, FRANK J. GLASS, WILLIAM Q. GLASSER, EDWARD GLICK, EMANUEL M. GODEHN, PAUL GOELITZ, HENRY G. GOERGEN, DR. PHILIP G. GOES, MRS. JOSEPHINE GOETZ, ADOLPH GOLDFINE, Dr. A. H. C. GOLDING, GUSTAV GOLDSMITH, EDWIN GOLDSMITH, HENRY M. GOLDSMITH, M. A. GOLDSMITH, MOSES GOLDSTEIN, ABRAHAM GONSIOR, JULIUS GOODKIND, DR. MAURICE GOODMAN, DAVID GOODMAN, W. J. GOoDNoW, E. H. GOODWILLIE, MRS. CHARLES F., SR. GORDON, MRS. FREDERICK T. GORDON, Dr. L. E. GORRELL, A. D. GOSLEE, DR. Hart J. GOTTSCHALK, ALBERT L. GOULD, GEORGE W. GOULD, JOHN GOVEN, EDOUARD T. GOWENLOCK, T. R. GRADY, Mrs. DAvip E. GRADY, Dr. G. Q. GRAF, CHARLES J. GRAFF, OSCAR C. GRAMM, DR. CARL T. GRANT, ALEXANDER R. GRANT, LUKE GRAPPERHAUS, FRED W. GRAVER, PHILIP S. GRAVES, ERNEST H. GRAVES, WILLIAM C. GRAY, DR. HORACE GRAYDON, CHARLES E. GREAR, W.S. GREBY, JOSEPH F. GREEN, JOHN H. GREEN, DR. RAPHAEL B. GREEN, ROBERT D. GREEN, SAMUEL GREEN, WALTER H. GREEN, WILLIAM N. GREENGARD, MAx GREENHALGH, JOHN H. GREENWALD, JACOB GREGERSEN, Miss HELGA GREGORY, Mrs. RoBert B. GREGORY, TAPPAN GREIN, JOSEPH GREINER, CLARENCE A. GRIFFIN, BENNETT GRIFFIN, NICHOLAS M. GRIFFITH, MELVIN L. GRIFFITH, WILLIAM C. GRIMSHAW, NORMAN R. GRINKER, DR. Roy R. GRINNELL, ROBERT L. GRISWOLD, GLENN GRISWOLD, Roy C. GROCHOWSKI, G. S. GROEBE, LOUIS G. GROENWALD, FLORIAN A. GROOME, RICHARD L. GROSBERG, CHARLES GROSSFELD, Miss ROSE GRUENFELD, ADOLPH J. GRUND, HARRY T. GrRuT, HARRY N. GUETTLER, H. W. GUGGENHEIM, S. GUILLIAMS, JOHN R. GULLBORG, JOHN S. GULLICKSON, ROLLO GUMBINER, ROBERT GUNKEL, GEORGE P. GURLEY, Miss HELEN K. GUSTAVSON, VICTOR GUTHMANN, WILLIAM B. GUTHRIE, Miss Mary G. GUTOWSKI, WILLIAM A. GUYTON, C. ERNEST GUZOWSKI, GEORGE B. GYBERSON, Miss INDIANA HAAS, ADOLPH R. HAAS, GEORGE H. J. 360 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REpPortTS, Vou. VII HAAS, SAMUEL L. HACHMEISTER, HERMAN HACKETT, HORATIO B. HAEDTLER, MARTIN C. HAERTHER, Dr. A. G. HAERTHER, WILLIAM W. HAGELIN, E. HAGENS, DR. GARRETT J. HAJEK, HENRY F. HALES, EpwarD M. HALL, ARTHUR B. HALL, CHARLES R. HALL, EDWARD B. HALL, GEORGE C. HALL, HENRY C.. HALL, J. RUSSELL HALL, LouIsS W. HALL, O. L. HALL, ROBERT. W. HALLBERG, ELMER W. HALLETT, A. E. HALTENHOFF, W. C. HAMBLETON, C. J. HAMBLETON, Mrs. EARL L. HAMILTON, ALEX K. HAMILTON, HuGo A. HAMILTON, J. R. HAMILTON, ROBERT J. HAMMEL, GEORGE E. HAMMER, HANS H. HAMMER, THOMAS H. HAMMERS, M. J. HAMMOND, Roy E. HANCE, PAUL W. HANCOCK, FRANK A. HAND, H. N. HANLY, CLARENCE P. HANNA, FRANCIS D. HANNAFORD, ALFRED HANNAFORD, Miss MILDRED L. HANNAH, ALEXANDER W. HANNAN, MISS ELIZABETH Q. HANOVER, WILLIAM HANSEN, Miss ALMA C. HANSEN, EDWARD C. HANSON, HARRY E. HANSON, MARTIN J. HARDING, CAPT. PATRICK J. HARDING, S. LAWRENCE HARDWICKE, HARRY HARMON, HUBERT R. HARMON, JOHN H. HARNER, GEORGE W. HARRIMAN, FRANK B., SR. HARRIMAN, Mrs. KARL E. JAN. 1928 Harris, D. J. HARRIS, EWART HARRIS, FRANK F. HARRIS, J. Max HARRIS, O. A. HARRIS, WALLACE R. HARRIS, WILLIAM L. HARRISON, HARRY P. HARRISON, J. HARRISON, JAMES D. HARROLD, JAMES P. HART, Mrs. HELENA Hart, HENRY D. Hart, Louis BE. HARTIGAN, CLARE HARTMANN, HENRY, SR. HARTWIG, O. J. HARVEY, BYRON S. HARWOOD, FREDERICK HARZA, LEROY F. HASKELL, L. A. HASLER, Mrs. EDWARD L. HASTINGS, EDMUND A. HATELY, Miss LOUISE HATFIELD, Mrs. R. LE FEVRE HATTERMAN, Mrs. WILLIAM E. HATTREM, HAROLD HAUGHEY, JAMES M. HAUSER, J.C. HAUSSE, RICHARD H. HAVEN, Mrs. ALFRED C. HAWKINS, F. P. HAWKINS, J. C. HAWKINSON, J. T. HAWLEY, ALBERT P. HAWLEY, CLARENCE E. HAWTHORNE, V. R. HAYNES, Mrs. GIDEON Hays, Miss CATHERINE HAytT, WILLIAM H. HAZLETT, DR. WILLIAM H. HEADBURG, Mrs. ALBION LAMBERT HEALY, JOHN J. HEATH, WILLIAM A. HEATON, HARRY E. HEBEL, HON. OSCAR HECHLER, VALENTINE HECK, JOHN HECKEL, EDMUND P. HECKENDORF, R. A. HECKINGER, WILLIAM J. Hector, DR. WILLIAM 8. HEDGES, FLEMING D. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR HEDMAN, JOHN A. HEEREMA, GERRIT HEG, ERNEST, SR. HEIDE, BERNARD H. HEIDLER, FRANK J. HEIFETZ, SAMUEL HEINEKE, CARL HEINEMANN, JOHN B. HEINFELDEN, Curt H. G. HEINZ, L. HERMAN HEISE, WILLIAM F. HELDMAIER, Miss MARIE HELLER, BRUNO F. HENDERSON, B. E. HENDRICKSON, OLOF B. HENKLE, I. S. HENRICKSON, MAGNUS HENRY, C. DUFF HENRY, CHARLES W. HENRY, CLAUDE D. HENSCHEIN, H. PETER HENSEL, HERMAN E. HERTEL, Huco §S. HERTZ, MRS. FRED HERTZ, Mrs. JOHN D. HERTZBERG, ARTHUR G. HERTZBERG, EDWARD HERZMAN, Dr. Morris H. Hess, Mrs. J. H. HEss, JOHN L. Hess, Sou H. HESSERT, GUSTAV HESSERT, Dr. WILLIAM HETTRICK, WILLIAM J. HEVERLY, EARL L. HEYMANN, EMANUEL H. HEYMANN, L. H. HEYN, WILLIAM P. HIATT, Mrs. Houston I. HIBBARD, ANGUS S. HIBBARD, F. C. HIBSHMAN, Roy S. HICKEY, JAMES J. HICKLIN, JOHN W. HIGBIE, N. BRADLEY, JR. HIGGINS, JOHN H. Hiaeins, Miss Lots E. HIGH, SHIRLEY T. HILDEBRAND, J..G. HILGENDORF, GEORGE H. HILL, DUKE HILL, FREDERICK HILLER, J. A. HILLIKER, Miss Ray 361 HILuis, Dr. DAVID HILLMAN, EDWARD HILLS, CHARLES W., SR. HIuus, Mrs. J. M. HILLYER, C. R. HILLYER, DWIGHT E. HILTON, HENRY H. HIMAN, CHARLES HINCKLEY, Dr. D. H. HINDS, JOSEPH B. HIRSCH, HENRY H. HIRSCH, MARTIN Hiscox, MORTON HITCHCOCK, R. M. HITE, HARRY A. Hoac, Dr. JUNIUS C. HOAGLAND, WALTER P. HODEL, GEORGE Hopss, Dr. J. E. HODGDON, WILLIAM HopGE, THOMAS P. HOEFER, ERNEST HOELTER, HARRY H. HOFFMAN, JACOB HOFFSTADT, DR. JOHN P. HOHMANN, MRS. GEORGE HOLABIRD, JOHN A. HOLBROOK, FRANK X. HOLDEN, C. R. HOLDEN, HALE, JR. HoLpoM, Hon. JESSE HOLE, PERRY L. HOLLAND, DR. WILLIAM E. HOLLISTER, FRANCIS H. HOLLOWAY, HARRY C. HOLLOWAY, OWEN B. HOoLLOWELL, R. D. T. HOLM, GOTTFRIED HOLMAN, ALFRED J. HOLMAN, EDWARD HOLMAN, ScoTT A. HOLMES, DR. BAYARD HOLMES, WILLIAM HOLMGREN, ELMER N. Hout, C. MCPHERSON HOLT, JAMES A. HOLZWORTH, CHRISTOPHER E. HONNOLD, DR. FRED C. Hoop, GEORGE A. HooceE, Dr. Lupwie F. Hoot, Miss Emity M. HOOVER, GEORGE W. HOPKINS, ALVAH S. Hopkins, Mrs. LouIs FOWLER HOPKINS, W. M. 362 FinLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTs, VOL. VII HORN, ALBIN O. HORNADAY, THOMAS F. HORNSTEIN, LEON HORNUNG, JOSEPH J. HORTON, HIRAM T. HORWEEN, ISADORE HORWEEN, RALPH ~ HORWICH, BERNARD HORWICH, PHILIP HOSFORD, WILLIAM R. HOSKEN, CHARLES L. HOUGHTELING, JAMES L. Houna, V. J. HOWARD, EUGENE A. HOWE, EDWARD G. Howe, Mrs. FANNY J. HowE, IRWIN M. Howes, HENRY W. Howlk, Miss Mary A. Hoyt, Dr. D. C. Hoyt; Ne Li Re Hoyt, WILLIAM M., II HRYNIEWBICKI, DR. STEFAN HUBBARD, E. J. HUBBARD, JOHN M. HUBBARD, WILLIAM C. HUBBELL, ARTHUR C. HUBBELL, WILLIAM J. HUBER, Mrs. M. J. HUBER, DR. OTTO C. Huck, CARL M. HUDSON, EDWARD J. HUEBNER, WILLIAM G. HuGHES, Mrs. E. H. HUGHES, HUBERT EARL HuGHES, P. A. HUGHES, W. V. HUGHES, DR. WILLIAM T. HULBERT, MRS. CHARLESS PRATT HULL, HARRY W. ok HULL, IRVING W. HULL, ROBERT W. HULLHORST, DR. PAUL HuMISTON, DR. CHARLES E. HUNGERFORD, LOUIS S. HUNSCHE, FREDERICK Hunt, W. PRESCOTT, JR. HURD, HARRY B. HurpD, Max H. HURLEY, EDWARD N.., JR. HURLEY, FRANK J. HUTCHINSON, A. H. HUTCHINSON, Mrs. C. L. HUTCHINSON, JOHN W. HutTTNER, ROBERT L. JAN. 1928 Hwass, LAvuRITz P. HyYAtTtT, ALBERT P. Hynes, DIBRELL IDELMAN, BERNARD ILIFF, GEORGE F. INGLESBY, THOMAS P. INGRAM, HAROLD S. INSULL, MARTIN J. IRALSON, Mrs. MOSES IRWIN, Miss RutH M. ISAACS, MICHAEL H. IVERSON, RALPH H. JACKSON, DAVID H. JACKSON, Mrs. JAmzs P. JACKSON, JOHN B. JACKSON, WILLIAM F. JACOB, CHARLES W. JACOBI, HARRY JACOBS, Mrs. C. R. JACOBS, E. G. JACOBS, Mrs. HowaArD D. JACOBS, JULIUS JACOBS, NATE JACOBS, WALTER H. JACOBS, WHIPPLE JACOBSON, EGBERT G. JACOBSON, RAPHAEL JACOBSON, WILLIAM JAEGER, EDWARD W. JAEGERMANN, WILLIAM A. JAICKS, ANDREW JAMES, CHARLES B. JAMES, MRs. ERNEST J. JAMES, HENRY D. JAMES, Mrs. RALPH H. JAMES, ROBERT E. JAMES, Dr. T. FRANKLIN JAMESON, CLARENCE W. JAMIESON, NORMAN R. JAMPOLIS, Mrs. MAarK JANATA, LOUIS J. JANDA, RUDOLPH JANOFF, ABE JANOVSKY, THEODORE B. JAQUES, Louis T. JARCHOW, ALFRED W. JARCHOW, CHARLES C. JAREMA, ALEXANDER L. JARVIS, WILLIAM B., Sr. JEFFERSON, Mrs. THOMAS L. JEFFRIES, DR. DANIEL W. JEHN, REV. ERNEST G. JENKS, PIERRE G. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 363 JENNINGS, S. C. JENSEN, CARL F. JENSEN, GORM JERNBERG, C. EDGAR JERNBERG, CARL L. JESSUP, DR. FRANKLIN C. JESSUP, THEODORE JIRSA, DR. OTTo J. JOHANIGMAN, STERLING FE. JOHN, DR. FINDLEY D. JOHNSON, AUGUST JOHNSON, B. W. JOHNSON, EMIL A. JOHNSON, EVAN JOHNSON, HARRY C. JOHNSON, HENRY G. JOHNSON, JAMES C. JOHNSON, MARTIN A. JOHNSON, NELS E. JOHNSON, P. ROBERT JOHNSON, PHILIP C. JOHNSON, ROSCOE H. JOHNSON, ULYSSES G. JOHNSON, WALTER W. JOHNSON, WILLIAM E. JOHNSTON, EDWARD R. JOHNSTON, IRA B. JOHNSTON, JOHN R. JOHNSTON, SAMUEL P. JOHNSTON, W. ROBERT JOHNSTONE, BALFOUR JONAS, DR. EMIL JONAS, 8. D. JONES, MisS EDNA E. JONES, GEORGE R. JONES, Mrs. HOMER D. JONES, J. HARRY, SR. JONES, JOHN H. JONES, Mrs. JOHN SUTPHIN JONES, M. H. JONES, DR. MARGARET M. JONES, OWEN BARTON Joost, Mrs. WILLIAM H. JORDAN, ORAN E. JORGENSEN, HANS L. JORGESON, CHARLES M. JOSEPH, A. G. JOSEPH, ARTHUR W. JOSEPH, MoRRIS JOY, JAMES A. JUDAH, Mrs. NOBLE BRANDON JUDD, CECIL W. JupDD, Mrs. H. S. JUDSON, F. C, JULIEN, VICTOR R. 3864 FIELD MuSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpPoRTS, VOL. VII JUNKER, RICHARD A. KLEIN, MRS. ALDEN J. JUST, FREDERICK M.— KLEIN, ARTHUR F. KLEIN, DR. DAVID KAEMPFER, FRED ' KLEIN, H. 8S. KAERCHER, ALBERT W. KLEIN, MICHAEL B. KAHMANN, KARL W. KLEIN, PETER KAHN, ALBERT KLEIN, RICHARD R. KAHN, CHARLES E. KLEIN, T. HENRY KAHN, I. W. KLEINHANS, DR. JOSEPH B. KANAVEL, DR. ALLEN B. KLEINMAN, ALEXANDER KANN, Max M. KLENHA, JOSEPH Z. KANNALLY, M. V. KLINE, ABE KAPLAN, DR. MAURICE I. KLINE, LOuIS A. KAPSA, LADISLAV A. KLINE, R. R. KARALIUS, DR. A. J. KLINER, JOHN F. KARPEN, SOL KLONOWSKI, LOUIS J. KASEHAGEN, FRED W. KNAB, GEORGE KEARNEY, J. J. KNAPP, DR. ERNEST L. KEEHN, MRS. THEODORE C. L. KNAPP, GEORGE S. KEELER, EDWIN R. KNIGHT, CHARLES S. KEENE, WILLIAM J. KNIGHT, CHARLES Y. KEIG, MARSHALL E. KNIGHT, STANLEY M. KELLOGG, JAMES G. KNOBBE, JOHN W. KELLOGG, LEROY D. KNODE, OLIVER M. KELLY, EDWARD T. KNUDSEN, HAROLD B. ’ KELLY, JOSEPH J. KocH, PAUL W. KEMPER, W. R. KocH, THOMAS W. KENDRICK, W. S. KOENIG, GEORGE W. KENNEDY, CLARENCE C. KOENIG, Mrs. S. W. KENNEDY, JAMES F. KOEPKE, E. E. KENNY, DR. HENRY RANDAL KOEPKE, FRED J. KEOGH, GORDON E. KOESSLER, WILLIAM S. KEPLINGER, W. A. KOHN, EMIL KERWIN, EDWIN M. KOHN, OSCAR KESLER, EDWARD C. KOHOUT, JOSEPH, JR. KEYES, Mrs. ROLLIN A. KoOHR, ARTHUR G. KIDDER, GRANT L. KOLSTAD, ODIN T. KILLINGER, GEORGE F. KOMAIKO, SOL KIMBALL, Mrs. LouIsE L. KOMAR, MORRIS KIMBALL, T. WELLER KOMAREK, A. W. KING, FRANK J. KONKOWSKI, FRANK E. KING, FRANK O. KONOPA, JOHN S. KING, Hoyt KONSBERG, ALVIN V. KING, JOHN B. Kopr, CHARLES W. KinG, LAWRENCE F. KoORDENAT, DR. RALPH A. KINGSTON, Mrs. Rose L. KORETZ, JULIUS KINNEY, DR. WILLIAM B. KORHUMEL, JOSEPH N. KINSELLA, DR. L. C. KORINEK, GEORGE R. KINSEY, Louis A. KORSHAK, MAURICE J. KINSEY, ROBERT S. KoRTEN, Mrs. WILLIAM O. Kipp, C. P. KoTIN, GEORGE N. KIRKLEY, JAMES M. Koucky, Dr. J. D. KITCHELL, HOWELL W. Kovac, STEFAN Kix MILLER, MRS. WILLIAM KOVOLOFF, DANIEL KLEE, MAX KowaALSKI, AUGUST J., JR. JAN. 1928 KoZICZYNSKI, DR. LUCIAN KRABER, MRS. FREDERICKA KRACKE, ARTHUR M. KRAEMER, OTTO C. KRAFFT, WALTER A. KRAFT, DR. OSCAR H. KRAKOW, OSCAR KRALOVEC, GEORGE W. KRAMER, CLETUS F. KRANSTOVER ALBERT H. KRAUSMAN, ARTHUR KREBS, CHARLES E. KREIN, EDWARD N. KRENSKY, A. MORRIS KREUSCHER, DR. PHILIP H. KREUZINGER, GEORGE W. KREUZKAMP, A. J. KRIEBEL, WARREN W. KRITCHEVSKY, WOLFF KROESEN, W. F. KRUPNICK, IRA KRYSINSKI, DR. C. S. KUDNER, ARTHUR H. KUEHN, OSWALD L. KuH, EDWIN J. Ku, Dr. SIDNEY KUHNS, JOSEPH H. KULPAK, STEPHEN A. KUNKA, BERNARD J. KUNSTADTER, A. KURATKO, FRANK J. KURTZ, GEORGE R. LACEY, Miss EDITH M. LACKNER, FRANCIS A. LAHANN, HERMAN C. LAHL, WILLIAM J. M. LAKE, EDWARD LAMB, FRANK H. LAMB, FRANK J. LAMBERT, MRS. FRANK B. LAMONT, JOHN A. LANDECK, GEORGE LANDER, Mrs. LULU PAYTON LANDMAN, L. W. LANDRETH, JOHN P. LANE, Miss ABBY E. LANE, STEVEN M. LANG, CHARLES E. LANG, CHARLES E. LANGDON, BUEL A. LANGE, FRANK E. LANGERT, ABRAHAM M. LANGILLE, WILBUR F. LANGSTON, W. C. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR LANGWORTHY, BENJAMIN F. LANIUS, JAMES C. LANSING, A. J. LANSINGER, MRS. JOHN M. LARSEN, GUSTAVE R. LARSEN, MRs. OTIS R. LARSON, FRANK A. LARSON, GUSTAF E. LARSON, LOUIS P., JR. LARSON, SIMON P. LATHAM, CARL RAY LATHROP, FREDERICK A. LAU, MAX - LAUFER, DR. ERNEST W. D. LAVIDGE, ARTHUR W. LAVIN, JOSEPH P. LAW, M. A. LAWES, CHARLES A. LAWLESS, Dr. THEODORE K. LAWRENCE, B. E. LAWRENCE, VICTOR E. LAWTON, GEORGE E. LAWTON, SAMUEL T. LEACH, GEORGE T. LEAVELL, JAMES R. LEAVITT, DR. SHELDON LEBOLT, J. M. LEDERER, EMIL L. LEE, CARL LEE, ERNEST E. LEE, J. OWEN LEE, MORRIS LEE, Mrs. W. GEORGE LEEMAN, STEPHEN EDGAR LEEMON, HARRY C. LEETE, ROBERT S. LEFFINGWELL, ROBERT B. LEHMPUHL, HERMAN F. LEICHT, Mrs. ANDREW E. LEIGH, EDWARD B. LEIGHT, EDWARD A. LEIGHT, MRS. EDWARD A. LEIGHTON, Miss ADELAIDE LELIVELT, JOSEPH J. LENNOX, EDWIN LEO, DR. J. E. LESAGE, REV. JOHN J. LESLIE, JOHN WOODWARD LESTER, ALBERT G. LEVENS, W.S. LEVEY, CLARENCE J. LEVI, DR. GERSON B. LEVI, MAURICE LEVIN, 1. ARCHER LEVIN, LOUIS 365 366 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL LEVINE, GEORGE LEVINE, WILLIAM LEVINGER, DAVID LEVINKIND, Morris LEVINSON, DR. BENJAMIN LEVINSON, SALMON O. LEVIS, JOHN M. LEVIS, W. WALTER LEVITAN, LOUIS LEVITETZ, NATHAN LEVY, ARTHUR G. LEvy, ASHER LEVY, HARRY H. LEVY, HENRY R. LEWIS, J. HENRY Lewis, Mrs. R. H. LEWIS, WALKER O. LEYTZE, MRS. J. L’ HOMMEDIEU, ARTHUR L’HOMMEDIEU, CLARENCE H. LIBONATI, ROLAND V. LICHTENSTEIN, WALTER LIDDLE, CHARLES A. Lipov, Mrs. SAMUEL J. LIEBLING, ABRAHAM M. LILLIE, FRANK R. LINDAHL, Mrs. EDWARD J. LINDEN, JOHN A. LINDHEIMER, ARTHUR J. LINDHEIMER, JACOB LINDHEIMER, S. W. LINDSAY, WILLARD C. LINDSTROM, Miss ELIZABETH LINKER, MEYER LINKLATER, J. E. LINKMAN, LOUIS B. LINN, ERICK N. LIPKIN, MAURICE S. LIPMAN, ABRAHAM LIPPERT, ALOYSIUS C. LIPPERT, DAVID LIPSEY, WILLIAM J. LIPSHULCH, JEHIEL LISTER, HAROLD R.-~ LITHGOW, CHARLES H. LITSINGER, FRED LITTELL, C. GuY LITTLE, CHARLES G. LITTLE, JOHN G. LITZKOW, FRED W. LIVINGSTON, J. B. LLEWELLYN, ARTHUR J. LuLoypD, A. E. LOBDELL, HARRY H. LOCHNER, FREDERICK H. HISTORY—REPortTs, Vou. VII LOCKETT, OSWALD, JR. LODGE, FRED §S. LOEB, ARTHUR A. LOEB, JACOB M. LOEB, Dr. LuDwiGc M. LoesB, Mrs. NELLIE B. LOEBE, ABRAHAM LOEHR, KARL C. LOEHWING, MARX LOESER, JOSEPH A. LOEWENHERZ, EMANUEL LOEWENSTEIN, EMANUEL LOEWENSTEIN, NATHAN LOGAN, FRANK G. LOGAN, FREDERIC D. LOMAX, WILLIAM L. LONDON, HARRY LONG, DR. ESMOND R. LONG, FRANK E. LONG, MRS. JOSEPH B. LONGHI, EMILIO Loomis, Miss HELEN A. LoomMIs, W. ANDREW LORD, ROBERT O. LORENZ, FREDERICK A. LORENZ, MRS. GEORGE W. LORENZEN, H. LOSZKIN, SERJE Lott, GUSTAV R. Lott, JAMES N. LOUGHBOROUGH, MRs. F. E, Low, JOHN M. LOWENTHAL, LEO B. Lowry, Mrs. L. E. Lowry, SAMUEL W. Lowy, RUDOLPH LOZINS, BERT Lucas, Dr. A. L. LUCE, HOMER J. LUDOLPH, WILBUR M. LUDWIG, WILLIAM F. LUEBBERT, WILLIAM C. LUEHR, DR. EDWARD LuM, MERRITT B. LUND, HJALMAR C. R. LUNDGREN, DR. A. T. Lust, Mrs. H. C. LUSTGARTEN, SAMUEL LUTSCH, WILLIAM N. Lutzow, FRED H. LYMAN, THOMAS T. LYon, DR. WILL F. LYTLE, CLINTON W. MACARTHUR, FRED V. MACDONALD, EH. K. Jan. 1928 MACFARLANE, WILBERT E. MAcCHARG, MALCOLM MACKEY, FRANK J. MACLEOD, Dr. S. B. MACLELLAN, K. F. MACMURRAY, JAMES E. Mappock, Miss ALICE E. MAEHLER, ARTHUR E. MAGER, EDWARD J. MAGILL, HENRY P. MAGNUS, EDWARD ‘MAGNUS, PHILIP H. MAGUIRE, Mrs. JESSIE MAIR, ROBERT MALTMAN, JAMES MANASTER, HARRY MANASTER, HENRY MANDL, SIDNEY MANHEIMER, ARTHUR E. MANN, WILLIAM H. MANNING, Miss E. MANSFIELD, ALFRED W. MANSON, DAVID MANSON, Mrs. DAVID MARCHAL, ERNEST N. Marco, ALBERT C. MARKS, ARNOLD K. MARKUS, JOSEPH E. Marsu, A. FLETCHER Mars#, JOHN MCWILLIAMS MARSH, ORLANDO R. MARSHALL, EDWARD MARSHALL, RAPHAEL P. MartTIN, Miss Lucy MARTIN, MELLEN C. MARTIN, Z. BE. MARXSEN, MISS DOROTHEA MARZLUFF, FRANK W. MASON, FRED B. MASON, GEORGE, JR. MASSENA, Roy — MASSMANN, FREDERICK H. MATHER, ORIAN A. MATHEWS, ALBERT MATHEWS, R. H. G. MATHISON, HOWARD G. MATSON, Mrs. J. EDWARD MaTTerR, Mrs. JoHN MATTHEWS, FRANCIS E. MAURER, J. S. MAXWELL, LLOYD R. May, PAu O. May, Sou i May, WILLIAM W. McALEAR, JAMES ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR MCALLISTER, M. HALL McARTHUR, DR. LEWIS L. McCann, D. McCANN, ROBERT L. McCaRTHY, FRANK M. McCARTHY, JOHN W. McCarty, CHARLES H. McCAULEY, Mrs. THOMAS N. McCLELLAN, GEORGE W. McCLELLAND, MRS. E. B. McCLUN, JOHN M. McCONNELL, G. MALCOLM McCOoNNELL, JOHN L. McCOoNNELL, JOHN W. McCoy, CHARLES S. McCreapy, Mrs. E. W. McCuLLOuUGH, LESLIE F. McDONALD, EDWARD McDONALD, Mrs. JOHN GRANT MCcCFADDEN, EVERETT R. McFARLAND, MRS. ELLIS McGARRY, JOHN A. McGinty, Miss ALIcEe L. McGoorty, Hon. J.-P. McGougeH, S. P. McGRATH, DR. JAMES G. McGREGOR, JAMES P. McKay, HARRY H. McKay, Dr. N. B. McKEks, PHILIP L. McKes, Mrs. WILLIAM L. McLAREN, WILLIAM McLAUGHLIN, DANIEL F. McLAUGHLIN, FRANK L. McLAUGHLIN, DR. JAMES H. McLAUGHLIN, DR. JOHN W. McLAury, Mrs. C. W. McManon, MRs, JOHN McManon, THOMAS J. McMAanwus, THOMAS J. McNasp, J. H. McNAIR, FRANK . McNAMARA, ROBERT C. McNERNY, MATHEW F. McPHERSON, DONALD F. McQuARRIE, DR. JOHN K. MCSHANE, JAMES E. Meap, E. ALLEN MEAD, HENRY C. A. MEDER, Mrs. LEONORA Z. MERE, C. MEEKER, ARTHUR Macaw, Luoyp F. MEGINNIS, Miss MAY - MEHLHOP, F. W. MEINHARDT, HARRY MELAVEN, J. G. MENGE, DR. FREDERICK MENTZER, J. P. MERCIL, ELMER J. MERRILL, WILLIAM W. MERSHIMER, DR. JAMES M. METTLER, Mrs. L. HARRISON MEYER, DANIEL A. MEYER, M. K. MEYER, Mrs. M. L. MEYER, RAYMOND N. MBYER, SAM R. MEYERS, ROBERT C. MICHAEL, EMIL P. MICHAELSON, C. S. MILCHRIST, FRANK T. MILLER, BERNARD MILLER, CHARLES J. MILLER, Mrs. CHARLES P. MILLER, I. A. MILLER, Mrs. MARSHALL D. MILLER, DR. WILLIAM MILLER, WILLIAM §8., MILLIGAN, S. K. MINSK, Dr. Louis D. MITCHELL, CLARENCE B. MITCHELL, STRATTIS MODENE, OSCAR F. MOENG, EDWARD D. MOLDENHAUER, DR. WILLIAM J. MONILAW, DR. WILLIAM J. MONTGOMERY, FREDERICK D. MONTGOMERY, Mrs. F. H. MONTGOMERY, JOHN R. Mooney, WILLIAM H. Moore, Dr. BEVERIDGE H. Moore, Mrs. C. B. Moore, CHARLES BREARLEY Moors, Dr. FRANK D. MooRE, FREDERICK W. Moore, Mrs. MAE C. Moorg, NATHAN G. MoorRkE, NORTH Moors#z, DR. WILLIS MoorMAN, Roy R. MORGAN, CLARENCE MORGENTHAU, MRS. SIDNEY L. MORONEY, JOHN J. Morris, IRA NELSON Morris, Dr. ROBERT W. MorRIsoNn, Mrs. C. R. MOoRRISON, THEODORE S. Morsk, Mrs. CHARLES F. Morse, LELAND R. 868 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII Morse, Mrs. MILTON MORSMAN, JOSEPH J. MorTON, Dr. EDWARD C. MORTON, WILLIAM MORRIS MOSER, PAUL MOSES, ERNEST C. MOYLAN, JOHN A. MucnHow, DR. WILLIAM M. MUELLER, Dr. E. W. MUELLER, J. HERBERT MULDOON, JOHN A. MULLEN, Dr. M. C. MULLEN, TIMOTHY F. MULLIGAN, HucH E. MULLIKEN, A. H. MULLIKEN, JOHN H. MURCHISON, Mrs. THOMAS E. MUuRFEY, E. T. R. MURPHY, J. P. MURPHY, WALTER A. MUSGRAVE, DR. GEORGE J. MUSSELMAN, DR. GEORGE H. MYERS, EDWIN F. NANCE, WILLIS D. NASH, CHARLES J. NASH, JOHN S. NASH, PATRICK A. NAuU, OTTo F. NEAL, THOMAS C. NEISE, GEORGE N., SR. NELSON, ALVIN E. NELSON, HARRY R. NELSON, PETER B. NELSON, ROLAND B. NELSON, WILLIAM H. NESBIT, WILLIAM NESSLER, ROBERT W. NEUBERGER, CARL A. NEVINS, JOHN C. NEWBERRY, Miss Mary LOUISE NEWMANN, EDWARD R. NEWMARK, JOHN T. NEWTON, DONALD W. NICHOLES, DANIEL H. NICHOLS, EDWIN G. NICHOLS, DR. H. NICHOLS, WARREN NICKERSON, J. F. NIMMONS, GEORGE C. NITKA, JESSE NIXON, ALBERT NIXON, GEORGE F. NOBLE, F. H. NOEE, GEORGE J. JAN. 1928 NOLTE, CHARLES B. NORDHOLZ, DR. WILLIAM C. NORDQUIST, CHARLES W. NORTHRUP, LORRY R. NorTON, Mrs. O. W. NOTHENBERG, DR. OSCAR J. NOURSE, FREDERICK W. Novak, FRANK H. Novak, Dr. FRANK J., JR. Novy, Dr. B. NEWTON NUuTTING, C. G. NUYTTENS, ALFRED A. O’BRIEN, GEORGE W. O’BRIEN, M. J. O’BRIEN, W. L., JR. O’BRIEN, WILBUR J. O’BRYANT, Mrs. MARK O’CALLAGHAN, HENRY O’CONNOR, JAMES R. O’CONNOR, MRs. JOHN O’ DONOVAN, DANIEL J. O’KE=FFE, P. J. OLAFSSON, DR. O. J. OLIVER, ROYSTON OLLIER, VALENTINE OLSEN, H. M. OLSEN, JOHN G. OLSEN, OLAF C.S. O’NEILL, DR. JOHN W. ORMSBY, MRS. FRANK E. ORR, MRS. WILLIAM GEORGE D. ORWIG, RALPH F. OSSENDORFF, Dr. K. W. OSTERMANN, Mrs. R. M. OTT, JOHN NASH OTTE, Huco E. OTTMAN, E. H. OUDIN, FERDINAND PACKARD, DR. ROLLO K. PADDOCK, DR. CHARLES E. PALMER, PROF. CLAUDE IRWIN PALMER, J. M. PALMER, PERCIVAL B. PARDEE, Dr. L. C. PARKER, AUSTIN H. PARKER, Mrs. E. ROSCOE PARKER, GEORGE S. PARKER, NORMAN S. Parks, O. J. PARSONS, FERDINAND H. PARSONS, Mrs. THEODORE SAMUEL PATEK, EDWARD J. PATERSON, MorTON L. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 369 PATTERSON, ERNEST G. PATTERSON, Jd. H. PATTERSON, Miss MINNIE L. PATTON, DR. FRED P. PATTON, WALTER I. PAULDING, JOHN PAULEY, CLARENCE O. PAULSEN, DR. J. W. PAYNE, GEORGE H. PEACOCK, CHARLES A. PEARL, ALLEN S. PECK, Mrs. CHARLES G. PEERLING, PAUL PEINE, ADOLPHUS G. PENCOCK, MRS. GEORGE A. PENNINGTON, FRANK K. PENTECOST, LEWIS J. Percy, Dr. NELSON MORTIMER PERRY, MRS. LESLIE L. PETERS, G. M. PETERSEN, Mrs. JULIUS A. PETERSON, ALBERT PETERSON, J. E. PETERSON, PERCIVAL C. PETERSON, THEODORE N. PETERSON, WILLIAM F. PFLAGER, CHARLES W. PHELAN, CHARLES PHELPS, ERASTUS R. PHILIPSON, ISIDOR PHILLIPS, HOWARD C. PICKARD, Mrs. W. A. PICKEL, WILLIAM PICKELL, J. RALPH PICKRELL, HARVEY PIERCE, RALPH §S. PIERSON, ARTHUR W. PIGALL, Mrs. JOSEPH S. PINE, WILLIAM J. PLACE, F. E. PLAMONDON, ALFRED D. PLAMONDON, CHARLES A. PLATH, KARL PoaG, ROBERT O. PODELL, Mrs. BEATRICE HAYES POEHLMANN, AUGUST F. POGUE, GEORGE N. PoLAKow, Louis M. POLLENZ, HENRY POMEROY, MRS. CHRISTINE PonD, ALLEN B. POND, GEORGE F. Pope, S. AUSTIN PorRTER, HENRY M. PORTERFIELD, R. H. 370 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpoRTS, VOL. VII PorTIS, DR. BERNARD RAYMOND, MRS. JAMES H. PorTis, DR. SIDNEY A. REACH, BENJAMIN POSNER, HENRY Reap, B. K. | Posson, F. E. READ, R. G. | Post, DR. WILBER E. REED, EARL HOWELL, JR. | PosvIC, FRANK REED, FORREST D. | PoTTEeR, DR. HOLLIS E. REED, RuFus M. POULTON, JOHN J. REESE, Mrs. C. HENNING POWELL, Miss NELLIE REEVE, FREDERICK E. PRATT, THORNTON M. REGENSBURG, JAMES PREBLE, ANDREW C. REHM, HENRY J. PRENTICE, OLIVER J. ReEIcH, AUGUST C. PRENTISS, Mrs. FRANK I, REID, P. GORDON PRESCOTT, PATRICK B., JR. REID, HUGH PRICE, DORR C. REIN, LESTER E. PRINCE, MRs. A. C. RENN, ANDREW J. PRINCE, THOMAS C. REQUA, WILLIAM B. PRINDLE, JAMES H. Reuss, GEORGE I. PRONGER, HERMAN F. Rex, W. PROPPER, WILLIAM F. REYNOLDS, Mrs. DORA E. PROSSER, H. G. Ricg, F. M. PROSSER, Mrs. J. G. RIcE, OTTo M. PROTHEROE, DANIEL RIcH, KENNETH F. PRYOR, MAURICE G. RICHARDS, GEORGE D. PULLEN, EDWARD W. RICHARDS, H. A. PULVER, ALBERT G. RICHEY, EUGENE W. PULVER, HENRI PIERRE RICHSTEIG, Mrs. R. J. PULVER, HUGO RIDER, WILLIAM D. PURNELL, JAMES E., JR. RIEL, G. A. PYTLIK, JOSEPH S. RIESER, MRS. HERMAN Rices, Mrs. FANNIE 8. QUACKENBUSH, Mrs. SAMUEL H. Rinc, Miss Mary E. QUINLAN, Mrs. Roy RIPLey, Mrs. E. P. QUINN, EDWARD J. RITCHIE, WILLIAM RITTENHOUSE, Mrs. Mosss F. ROACH, WILLIAM J. ROANE, WARREN ROBBINS, LAURENCE B. ROBERTS, FRANCIS R. ROBERTS, JESSE E. ROBERTS, MERRITT E. ROBINSON, CHARLES R. RABER, FRANKLIN RADABAUGH, Miss BLANCHE RADER, RECTOR ROSCOE RAFF, MRS. WILLIAM J. RAMER, GEORGE F. RANDALL, C. M. RANDALL, REV. EDWIN J. RANDLE, Guy D. ROBINSON, DAVID A. RANNEY, MRS. GEORGE A. ROBINSON, W. ScoTT RANSOM, ALBERT, JR. RoBucK, De Ss Vv. es ta aed W. - RocKWwooD, FREDERICK T. ioe =e ° RODEN, CARL B. APP, LEO i. RopDEN, Miss MARION LOUISE RASMUSSEN, FRANK Rocers, Dr. DANIEL W. RATHJE, ARTHUR G. ROLFES, GERALD A. RATHJE, MRS. JOSEPHINE L. T RAULF, CARL A. — ROLLO, EGBER Ray, HAL § ROODHOUSE, BENJAMIN T. ’ . Ray, Harry K. Root, JOHN W. RAYMOND, CLIFFORD S. RORABACH, GEORGE E. RAYMOND, Mrs. HowarpD D. ROSENBAUM, EDWIN S. JAN. 1928 ROSENBAUM, MRs. EDWIN S. ROSENBERG, BERNHARD ROSENFELD, M. J. ROSENFELS, IRWIN S. ROSENFIELD, Morris S. ROSENOW, MILTON C. ROSENTHAL, NATHAN H. Ross, Dr. COLIN K. Ross, FRANK A. Ross, ROBERT C. Ross, WILLIAM A., JR. RotH, ARTHUR J. RoTH, HENRY RotuH, Mrs. LESTER ROUNTREE, LINGARD T. ROvUSSIN, ALFRED G. ROYER, H. G. RUBEL, MRS. FLoRA L. RUBEL, DR. MAURICE RUBIN, JOSEPH E. RUCKELHAUSEN, MRS. HENRY Rup, Dr. ANTHONY RUDOLPH, Miss BERTHA RUEL, JOHN G. RUETTINGER, J. C. RUGGLES, HARRY KENNETH RUGGLES, DR. WILLIAM L. RYAN, THOMAS C. SABATH, HON. JOSEPH SACHS, PAUL J. SAGE, Mrs. WILLIAM SALINGER, HARRY SALTIEL, DR. THOMAS P. SAMPSON, H. J. SAMPSON, JAMES SANBORN, FRANK A. SANDERS, H. A. SARDESON, ORVILLE A. SARTAIN, CHARLES A. SATTERLEE, HOWARD B. SAUER, DR. Louis W. SAUER, DR. RAYMOND J. ° SAUERMAN, JOHN A. | SAUNDERS, PERCY G. SAWYER, DR. C. F. SAWYER, EDWIN M. SAWYER, Mrs. PERCY SCHAAR, BERNARD E. ScHAFER, O. J. SCHAFFNER, Mrs. ALBERT SCHAFFNER, ARTHUR B. SCHAFFNER, HERBERT T. SCHANTZ, O. M. SCHAPIRO, A. L. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR ScHAUS, CARL J. SCHIESSLE, M. SCHILLING, W. O. SCHMIDT, ADOLPH SCHMIDT, ERNEST A. SCHMIDT, ERNEST E. SCHMIDT, DR. HERBERT J. SCHMIDT, Dr. OTTO L. SCHMIDT, PAUL J. SCHMIDT, RICHARD E. SCHNEIDER, BENJAMIN B. SCHNEIDER, GEORGE A. SCHNERING, JULIUS SCHNIGLAU, CHARLES H. SCHNUCHEL, REINHOLD H. SCHOEN, F. J. SCHOENBRUN, LEO SCHOENING, HERMAN M. SCHRAM, HARRY S. SCHROEDER, Dr. Mary G. SCHULTZ, DR. OSCAR T. SCHUPP, PHILIP C. SCHWAB, DR. LESLIE W. SCHWAB, MARTIN SCHWABACHER, MRS. MORRIS 371 SCHWAEGERMAN, MRS. GEORGE J. SCHWAGER, DR. IRVING SCHWARTZ, G. A. SCHWARTZ, LOUIS S. SCHWARZ, AUGUSTUS SCHWEITZER, E. O. SCHWEITZER, RICHARD J. SCHWEITZER, SAMUEL SCHWEIZER, CARL SCOFIELD, TIMOTHY J. Scott, Dr. E. NEWTON Scott, Dr. JAMES McDONALD Scott, JOHN D. Scott, WALTER A. Scott, DR. WALTER DILL SCUDDER, J. ARNOLD SEAMES, CHARLES OQ. SEATON, STROWBRIDGE B. SEAVERNS, GEORGE A. SEAVERNS, LouIs C. SEGGERMAN, Mrs. RICHARD SEIBOLD, ARTHUR B. SEIDEL, G. W. SEIP, FRED SELZ, EMANUEL SENEAR, Dr. F. E. SENIOR, Mrs. JOHN L. SENNE, JOHN A. SETHNESS, C. HENRY SETHNESS, CHARLES O. SEXTON, MRS. THOMAS G. SEYFFERT, L. SHAFFER, HARRY SHANAHAN, Davip E. SHANESY, RALPH D. SHANESY, MRS. RALPH D. SHANKS, OSCAR SHANNON, REV. FREDERICK F. SHAPIRO, DR. HENRY B. SHAPIRO, I. M. SHAPIRO, J. F. SHAPKER, EDWARD B. SHATTUCK, CHARLES H. SHAW, A. W. SHAW, JOSEPH J. SHEAFE, J. S. SHEARMAN, C. E. SHEDD, CHARLES E. SHEEAN, JOHN A. SHEPARD, Guy C. SHEPARD, STUART G. SHEPHERD, Miss EDYTHE T. SHERBAHN, JACOB M. SHERER, SAMUEL J. SHERIDAN, L. J. SHERMAN, EDWIN SHERMAN, Mrs. F. C. SHERMAN, H. C. SHERMAN, LOUIS A. SHERWIN, WILLIAM A. SHIELDS, JAMES CULVER SHINNER, MRS. E. G. SHOAN, NELS SHOGRAN, L. A. SHoop, Mrs. LUCILE HUNTINGTON SHORES, DR. CLARENCE E. SHOREY, CLYDE E. SHORTALL, JOHN L. SHOTWELL, ALFRED H. SHUESLER, CHARLES R. SHUMAN, Mrs. HELEN W. SILBER, C. J. SILBERMAN, A. SILVERBERG, WILLIAM SILVERMAN, JOSEPH SIMMONS, PARKE E. SIMPSON, DR. ELMER E. SIMPSON, WALTER H. SINDING, JOHN W. SINGLETON, MRS. CHARLES J. SINSHEIMER, BENJAMIN SISSON, O. U. SITZER, DR. GRACE POWELL SKINNER, MISS FREDERIKA SLADE, ALFRED 372 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTsS, VOL. VII SLADE, JOHN C. SLATEN, MRS. FREDERICK A. SLAUGHTER, ROCHESTER B. SMITH, C. F. MATHER SMITH, Mrs. C. R. SMITH, CHARLES L. SMITH, CLAYTON F. SMITH, D. D. SMITH, MRS. EDWARD E. SMITH, Mrs. EDWIN SMITH, FREDERICK W. SMITH, GILBERT M. SMITH, GLEN E. SMITH, DR. HERMAN SMITH, JOHN C. SMITH, JOSEPH C. SmitH, Miss MAry Rozet SMITH, O. JAY SmMitH, REYNOLDS S. SmitH, Dr. T. MANUEL SMITH, WALTER M. SMITH, WILLIAM D. SNITZLER, Mrs. JAMES M. SNOW, FRED A. SNYDER, ERWIN P. SNYDER, THOMAS D. SOARES, PROF. THEODORE G. SOLLE, WILLIAM H. SOLLITT, RALPH T. SOMERVILLE, THOMAS A. SOMMERS, WERNER H. SoOPER, Mrs. J. P., JR. SOPER, THOMAS SPADES, M. H. SPEER, HENRY D. SPENSLEY, H. GEORGE SPIEGEL, M. J., JR. SPIEGEL, Mrs. MAE O. SPIEGEL, PHILIP SPIEGLER, FRANK F. SPIESBERGER, H. T SPIETH, W. S. SPITZ, LEO SPIVEK, HERMAN SPOHN, JOHN F. SPOHR, FRANK M. SPRY, GEORGE STAFFORD, CHARLES W. STAHL, MISS MYRTLE STALLWOOD, S. C. STANTON, Dr. E. M. STANTON, EDGAR STANTON, HENRY J. STANTON, HOWARD B. STARRETT, JAMES W. JAN. 1928 STAYMAN, RALPH J. STEARNS, FRED STECHER, WALTER R. STEELE, SIDNEY J. STEIN, Mrs. ADOLPH STEIN, DR. OTTO J. STEIN, Mrs. S. SIDNEY STEIN, SIDNEY L. STEINER, MAX STEINHOFF, CARROLL F. STEINSON, HENRY G. STENSON, FRANK R. STEPHEN, EDWARD I. STERLING, DOUGLAS T. STERN, FELIX STERN, Mrs. HERBERT L. STERN, JACOB S. STERN, MAURICE S. STERNBERG, MoRRIS STEVENS, ERNEST STEVENSON, JAMES R. D. STEWART, GEORGE R. STEWART, JAMES S. STEWART, Ross E. STEWART, S. CHANDLER STEWART, WILLIAM STOBBE, PAUL D. STOCKDALB, E. C. STOCKTON, A. C. STOCKTON, Mrs. JOHN THAW STOCKTON, MIss JOSEPHINE STODDART, CHARLES H. STOLL, Mrs. JoHN O. STONE, Mrs. JACOB S. STORKAN, MRS. JAMES STORMS, Mrs. JoHN D. STRATEN, DR. HUBERT J. STRAUS, ARTHUR W. STRAUS, ELI M. STRAUSS, Dr. ALFRED A, STRAUSS, EDGAR L. STRAUSS, JESSE L. STRAUSS, JOSEPH L. STRAUSS, JULIUS STRAUSS, LEE J. STRAWN, TAYLOR STREET, CHARLES L. STREET, EDWARD P. STRIGE. 1..C. STRINGER, JOHN T. STROM, ARTHUR B. STRONG, GORDON STUART, CHARLES W. STUMES, CHARLES B. STURLA, HARRY L. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR i) =~ Ww SULLIVAN, CHARLES H. SULLIVAN, FRANK R. SULLIVAN, GREY SULLIVAN, HON. JOHN J. SULLIVAN, Mrs. PAUL D. SULLIVAN, MRS. WALTER J. SULZBERGER, S. L. SUMERFIELD, EDWARD C. SUMMY, CLAYTON F. SUNDLOF, F. W. SUTHARD, JAMES SUTTON, JOHN M. SWATEK, Dr. EDWIN PAUL SwIFT, Mrs. ALDEN B. SwiFt, T. PHILIP SWIFT, WILLIAM E. TAFT, ROBERT H. TASH, J. DONALD TATE, WILLIAM S. TAYLOR, MRS. EUGENE S. TAYLOR, GRAHAM TAYLOR, L. S. TAYLOR, Mrs. O. L. TEEVAN, JOHN C. TEGTMEYER, ERNEST F. TEICH, Max L. TELLER, GEORGE L. TEMPLETON, ANDREW TENHAAGEN, JEAN E. TENNEY, HENRY F. TERRY, Dr. C. Roy TERRY, Mrs. SCHUYLER B. THATCHER, EVERETT A. THATCHER, FRED J. THAYER, HARRY W. THIEBEAULT, CHARLES J., JR. THOM, H. C. THOMAS, Mrs. EDWARD W. THOMAS, REV. GEORGE H. THOMAS, RICHARD H., JR. THOMAS, Roy K. THOMPSON, HOPE THOMPSON, Mrs. JOHN R., SR. THOMPSON, ORVILLE W. THOMSON, Mrs. CHARLES M. THOMSON, GEORGE W. THOMSON, JAMES THORNTON, EVERETT A. THROOP, GEORGE ENOS THULIN, Mrs. C.N. TIBBETTS, Mrs. N. L. TIEDEBOHL, EDWARD R. TIEKEN, Dr. THEODORE TILDEN, AVERILL 374 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REportTs, VOL. VII TIMBERMAN, ALBERT R. TIPPETT, WILLIAM M. TITTERINGTON, MISS SUSAN E. TOBIN, Mrs. C. P. TODD, A. TONK, PERCY A. TORRISON, DR. GEORGE A. TOWNER, H. C. TRACY, GEORGE W. TRESCOTT, WILLIAM S. TRIGGS, CHARLES W. TROTZKEY, ELIAS L. TROUP, PAUL VY. Troy, Lro J. Truc, WALTER TRUDE, Mrs. A. 8S. TRUMAN, PERCIVAL H. TUBERGEN, MRS. BENJAMIN F. TUCKER, DR. GEORGE W. TUFTS, PROF. JAMES H. TURNBULL, GERALD TURNBULL, WILLIAM J. TURNER, GEORGE TURNER, MRS. GEORGE T. TURNER, MARSHALL S. TUTHILL, JAMES B. TUTHILL, RICHARD 8S. TUTTLE, CHARLES TUTTLE, W. F. TWYMAN, ROBERT J. TYE, FRANK E. TYLER, ALFRED C. UHLEMANN, WILLIAM R. ULLMAN, Mrs. N. J. UNGRICH, Mrs. HENRY, JR. URHEIM, DR. O. J. URION, ALFRED R., JR. UTLEY, GEORGE B. UTTER, ARTHUR J. VANBUREN, G. B. VANCE, WALTER N. VANDELLEN, Dr. R. L. VANDEURSEN, JOHN S&S. VANDort?T, G. BROES VANEsso, Mrs. MEYER A. VANHOOSEN, Dr. BERTHA VANSCHAICK, MRS. ETHEL R. VANSCHAICK, Miss Mary MorRIs VARTY, L. G. VAUGHAN, Dr. PERRY E. VAUGHAN, ROGER T. VEATCH, Miss MARIE VEHE, Dr. K. L. VENARD, MRS. GEORGE C. VENDENBROECKE, Mrs. CARL VICKERY, Miss MABEL §. VILAS, MRS. GEORGE B. VILAS, LAWRENCE H. VISK, EDWARD J. Vocco, Rocco VOLK, CARL B. VOLK, PAUL VOLTZ, DANIEL W. VOORHEES, JAMES M. VURPILLAT, MRS. FRANCES J. VYSE, ARTHUR J. WAGENENIGHT, A. R. WAGNER, MISS COLETTA M. WAGNER, H. D. WAGNER, MISS MABEL M. WAHL, ALBERT WAITE, Miss MURIEL W. WALDECK, HERMAN WALKER, BARTON F. WALKER, JAMES R. WALKER, Dr. JAMES W. WALLACE, Mrs. DAVID WALLACE, JOHN F. WALLER, A. RAWSON WALLER, Miss KATHERINE WALLNER, DR. JOHN S. WALSH, Miss MARY WALSH, Dr. THOMAS F. P. WALSH, Dr. THOMAS G. WALTON, LYMAN A. WARNER, Mrs. J. C. WARREN, ALLYN D. WARREN, MRS. FRANK WARREN, Mrs. HOMER S. WARREN, WALTER G. WARREN, WILLIAM G. WASHBURN, DR. JAMES MURRAY WASHBURNE, Mrs. HEMPSTEAD WATERS, R. T. WATKINS, FRANK A. WATKINS, FREDERICK A. WATKINS, JESSE M. WATKINS, WILLIAM WAYNNE Watson, LEo M. Watson, R. G. WAUGH, WILLIAM FRANCIS WeEaRY, EDWIN D. WEBB, Mrs. MARTHA WEBB, Mrs. THOMAS J. WEBER, DR..SAMUEL L. WEBSTER, CHARLES R. WEBSTER, EDGAR CONVERSE JAN. 1928 WEBSTER, TOWNER K., JR. WEDDELL, JOHN Wecec, DoNALD R. WEIGEN, Dr. ANDERS J. WEIL, MRs. VICTOR WEINBERG, JACOB S. WEINSTEIN, Dr. M. L. WERISL, E. L. WEIss, SAMUEL H. WE!ISz, Mrs. CHARLES W. WELCH, HON. NINIAN H. . WELLES, Mrs. EDWARD KENNETH WENTWORTH, JOHN WEscoTT, Dr. Cassius D. WEST, FREDERICK T. West, WILLIAM C. WESTBROOK, MRs. E. S. WESTBROOK, IRA E. WESTERFIELD, HENRY S. WESTON, CHARLES V. WESTPHAL, Miss Mary E. WESTRICH, Mrs. F. A. WHAMOND, Dr. ALEX A. WHATLEY, SoTL: WHEELER, SEYMOUR WHEELOCK, W. W. WHISE, DR. MELCHIOR WHITE, GEORGE H. WHITE, Mrs. LINN WHITE, RICHARD T. WHITEHEAD, W. M. WHITING, ROBERT B. WHITNEY, CHARLES P. WHITNEY, DR. HENRY S. WICKS, JAMES E. WIELAND, CHARLES J. WIELAND, Mrs. GEORGE C. WIENER, MILTON L. WIERSMA, ASA WIKoFF, Miss Mary Betty WILBORN, CHARLES WILBUR, FRED T. WILCE, GEORGE C. WILD, A. CLEMENT WILD, PAYSON S. WILD, RICHARD WILDER, Mrs. HAROLD WILDER, MRs. T. E. WILEY, EDWARD N. WILKES, C. H. WILKEY, FRED S. WILLETT, ALBERT V. WILLETIS, GEORGE M. WILLIAMS, Dr. A. WILBERFORCE WILLIAMS, C. ARCH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 315 WILLIAMS, CHAUNCEY VY. WILLIAMS, CLIFFORD H. WILLIAMS, Mrs. EUGENE P. WILLIAMS, GAAR WILLIAMS, Mrs. LAWRENCE WILLIAMS, LYNN A. WILLIAMS, DR. RICHARD A. WILLIAMSON, D. WILSEY, R. E. WILSON, ARTHUR R. WILSON, MIss CAROLYN WILSON, Lucius E. WILSON, M. H. WILSON, PERCIVAL C. WILSON, ROBERT C. WILSON, WILLIAM G. WINDES, Mrs. FRANK A. . WINDMULLER, S. W. WINSLOW, CHARLES S. WINSTON, BERTRAM M. WINTER, I. WINTERBOTHAM, JOHN R. WINTERS, LEANDER LEROY WIss, Mrs. HAROLD WITHERBEER, W. E. WITHERS, ALLEN L. WiITKOWSKY, Miss ESTHER WITKOWSKY, JAMES WOLBACH, MURRAY Wo.r, ROBERT N. WOLFE, WILLIAM C. WOLFF, CHRISTIAN J. Wo.LrFr, Mrs. FreD H. WOLFF, GEORGE F. Woop, DONALD Woop, HAROLD L. Woop, JoHN H. Woopcock, ANDREW J. WOODWARD, WILLIAM WoopyYATT, Dr. ROLLIN TURNER Woo.ur, Mrs. OLGA WORDEL, WILLIAM F. WORTHLEY, WALLACE F. WRAY, MRs. JAMES G. WRIGHT, DR. JAMES A. WRIGHT, MRS. WARREN WRIGHT, WILLIAM WRISLEY, GEORGE A. Wry, C. E. WUNDERLE, H. O. WYNEKEN, Mrs. ANNIE J. YAVITZ, JOSEPH T. YEAKEL, DR. WILLIAM K. YEOMANS, CHARLES 376 FIELD MuszEuUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII Yocum, REUBEN E. YOUNG, GEORGE H. YOUNG, GEORGE W. YOUNG, JAMES W. YOUNG, JOSEPH W. YOUNGLOVE, JAMES C. YOUNKER, A. ZEITZ, ANDREW R. ZENOS, REV. ANDREW C. ADELMAN, SAM FERGUSON, EDWARD A. GALLUP, EDWARD HEUMOS, ALOIS Hook, ARTHUR S. HURLEY, Hon. Timotuy D. KING, DR. C. BRUCE KNAPP, CLIFFORD J. LAECHLE, WILLIAM C. DECEASED, ZEUCH, DR. Lucius P. » ZEUCH, MRS. WILLIAM ZIFF, PETER ZIMMERMAN, RALPH W. ZOELCK, MRS. FRANK ZOLLA, ABNER M. ZOLLA, DAVID M. ZOLLER, R. H. ZUCKER, W. J. 1927 LARSEN, CHARLES LITTLE, JOHN L. McKEEVER, R. TOWNSEND MACRAE, ALBERT MANSON, WILLIAM NESBIT, WILBUR D. RANSOM, J. OTIS TAYLOR, FRANCIS W. WELLER, STUART NATURAL : sy HISTORY e ———= on 3 a = + Ee Ky dag he) Wud te MESS GARE RECKINGH AM ¥ | : : '. > ANNA LOR SER AYMOND © : F = JAMES NELSON RAYMOND ~ 2 vinvyy BENEFACTORS OF FIELD MUSEUM Bronze standard in Stanley Field Hall bearing the names of those who have contributed $100,000 or more to the Museum JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 393 Reptiles, is leader of the scientific section. Among other members of the expedition are Dr. Albert W. Herre, Curator of the Museum of Zoology of Leland Stanford University; Dr. W. L. Moss of Harvard Medical School; Mr. Charles R. Peavy of Mobile, Alabama; Mr. Sydney N. Shurtleff of Boston, and Messrs. Walter A. Weber and Frank Wonder of the Museum’s Department of Zoology. The Harold White-John Coats Abyssinian Expedition of Field Museum, financed and led jointly by Captain Harold E. White of New York and Major John Coats of Ayrshire, Scotland, left in October to make zoological collections in Abyssinia. Among other members of the expedition are Mr. C. J. Albrecht of the taxidermy staff of the Museum, and Mr. George E. Carey of Baltimore, Maryland. The Rawson—MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of Field Museum, which began operations in June, 1927, concluded its work and returned home in September, 1928. This expedition was sponsored by Mr. Frederick H. Rawson, and was led by Commander Donald B. MacMillan. The expedition was successful in making important collections of anthropological, botanical, geological and zoological material, and it obtained much new scientific data on a wide variety of subjects, including the ethnology of the Eskimo and Indians of Labrador and Baffin Land. Among the members of the expedition were Dr. William D. Strong, Assistant Curator of North American Ethnology and Archaeology at the Museum; Mr. Sharat K. Roy, Assistant Curator of Invertebrate Paleontology at the Museum; Mr. Alfred C. Weed, Assistant Curator of Fishes at the Museum; Mr. Arthur G. Rueckert of the Museum taxidermy staff; Mr. Charles 8. Sewall, botanist, of Wiscasset, Maine, and Dr. E. K. Langford of Chicago. Working in conjunction with the Rawson- MacMillan Expedition was the Captain Marshall Field Geological Expedition to Newfoundland in charge of Assistant Curator Roy, which collected invertebrate fossils. The Field Museum—Oxford University Joint Expedition to Meso- potamia completed its sixth season of archaeological excavations on the site of the ancient city of Kish during 1928 with marked success. The season was extremely fruitful in the recovery of treasured objects in the lower strata of the great temple mound of eastern Kish. Large sections of the temple of Harsagkalamma, the Earth Goddess of the Sumerians, have been exposed. Material excavated this season is estimated to date back to between 4000 and 3000 B.C. An almost complete four-wheeled chariot, and well-preserved 394 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII remains of a two-wheeled chariot, which are believed to be the oldest relics of their kind ever excavated, are numbered among the most important finds. Human and animal skeletal material, important for the light they throw upon the life of the ancient city, have also been unearthed. The expedition will continue its operations in 1929. Captain Marshall Field is sponsor of the expedition for Field Museum, and Mr. Herbert Weld is its sponsor for Oxford. Professor Stephen Langdon of Oxford, is director of the expedition; Mr. L. S. Watelin is in charge of excavations; and Mr. Henry Field, Assistant Curator of Physical Anthropology at Field Museum, was one of the principal collectors during the season of 1928. The Captain Marshall Field Anthropological Expedition to Europe did not return to the United States until 1928, although its work of collecting material bearing upon prehistoric man, for use in a pro- posed Hall of Prehistoric Man in the Museum, was completed in 1927. Assistant Curator Henry Field was leader. The two Captain Marshall Field North Arabian Desert Expeditions, the first of which ended late in 1927, and the second of which worked in the spring of 1928, were also under the leadership of Assistant Curator Field, and they made an extensive archeological survey of part of the North Arabian or Syrian Desert lying between the Damascus-Maan railroad and Bagdad. The expeditions covered some 6,000 miles, discovered several hundred open-air prehistoric sites, and obtained important specimens and data. Two Captain Marshall Field Archaeological Expeditions to British Honduras under the leadership of Mr. J. Eric Thompson, Assistant Curator of Central and South American Archaeology at the Museum, conducted operations in 1928. The first, which had begun its work in the latter part of 1927, concluded operations in 1928. The second expedition departed in December to continue the researches into ancient Maya civilization begun by the first expedition, which discovered the sites of three buried cities. In addition to the archaeological work, ethnological studies are to be made, and Maya artifacts are to be collected. The Museum obtained a collection of woods, including some rare ones, and herbaceous material from Panama, as the result of a joint expedition of Field Museum, Yale University, the New York Botanical Garden and the United Fruit Company. Captain Mar- shall Field was sponsor for the Museum. Mr. George Proctor Cooper of Los Angeles was the collector. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 395 A joint expedition of Yale University and Field Museum made collections of the flora of Nicaragua. Mr. F. C. Englesing of Puerto Cabezas was the collector. A botanical expedition sponsored by Captain Marshall Field, which has been working for several years in South America in charge of Dr. A. Weberbauer of Lima, Peru, continued operations. A zoological expedition in India in charge of Colonel J. C. Faunthorpe of Bombay, also continued operations begun in previous years. Captain Marshall Field is its sponsor. The Museum was the recipient of many benefactions during the year. It is fitting here to renew the expression of thanks to all who have made contributions in money and material. Acknowledgements of contributions of funds follow herewith: Mr. William V. Kelley made a gift of $100,000 to defray the expenses of the William V. Kelley—Roosevelts Expedition to Eastern Asia for Field Museum. } Captain Marshall Field made his annual contribution of $100,000 to cover the expenses of various Museum expeditions, et cetera. Mr. Ernest R. Graham gave the sum of $25,000, which represents the final payment on his contribution of $125,000 to the Museum. President Stanley Field made contributions totalling $89,098.76 during the year. These included $51,388.76 towards the building deficit fund; $20,388 to cover the operating deficit of the Museum for the year 1928, and $17,322 to cover the operating expenses of the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories for 1928. _ Mrs. Stanley Field made a further contribution of $25,000, making a total of $45,000, towards the Sara Carroll Field Fund for the purchase and installation of a pipe organ in the Museum. Mr. Cornelius Crane is financing the Crane Pacific Expedition of Field Museum which sailed late in 1928, and will continue operations through most of 1929. In connection with this exped- ition, he gave the Museum also $2,800 for the purchase of supplies and equipment. Mrs. Emily Crane Chadbourne made a contribution of $10,000 to be known as the Emily Crane Chadbourne Zoological Fund. Mr. Richard T. Crane, Jr., gave the Museum $1,000 for the purchase of specimens for the gem collection in Harlow N. Higin- botham Hall. Mrs. William H. Moore contributed $5,000 for the purchase of twelve fine pieces of early Chinese jade. 396 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII Mrs. Anna Louise Raymond made a further contribution of $2,000 for the work of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Public School and Children’s Lecture Division, which was established in 1925 on an endowment of $500,000 provided by her, and which has been the recipient of other generous contributions she has made. For the purchase of the Herbert Devine Jade Collection the following contributions were made: from Mr. Martin A. Ryerson, $1,000; from Miss Kate 8. Buckingham, $1,000; from Mrs. George T. Smith, $1,000; from Mr. John Jay Abbott, $100, and from Mr. Charles B. Goodspeed, $100. Mr. Henry J. Patten donated $1,000 to be used in financing archaeological work. Mr. William J. Chalmers continued his contributions as in past years by giving $435 for the purchase of specimens of minerals for the William J. Chalmers Crystal Collection. Mrs. Chauncey B. Borland gave $150 for the purchase of a petrified turtle with ancient Chinese inscriptions. The American Friends of China contributed $475 as their annual gift for the development of the Chinese section of the anthropological collections. Mr. Henry M. Wolf gave $250 towards the purchase of a cere- monial Chinese robe from the Herbert J. Devine Collection. The estate of the late George F. Porter paid the Museum a legacy of $25,000, and the estate of the late Arthur B. Jones paid a legacy of $2,000. The South Park Commissioners turned over to the Museum $212,637.59 derived from the tax levy authorized for this purpose by the State Legislature. The great amount of material for the collections of the Museum received as gifts is a cause of satisfaction, because it indicates that the Museum has a large number of friends who take an active interest in its growth and development. Details of the acquisitions of the year are given in the departmental sections of this Report, and in the list of Accessions beginning on page 518. Among note- worthy gifts were two specimens of red deer, given by Lord Astor of London, England, a beautifully cut rose quartz bowl given by Mr. Richard T. Crane, Jr., and a collection of 3,240 specimens of minerals given by Mrs. Charles M. Higginson. The red deer are from Lord Astor’s hunting preserves on the island of Jura off the coast of Scotland, and they have been made into an attractive exhibit TIVH GIGI AWINVLS 4O AIVH HLNOS AHL Yai AIOISIFT [VIN}VN JO unosny PLT AYIX 91d ‘ILA “IA ‘s}10dey x 2 > ’ = \ CN . i Fit’ Pi) I f + ; r x + i o 7 a ee ea JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 397 installed in George M. Pullman Hall. The rose quartz bowl has been placed on exhibition in Harlow N. Higinbotham Hall. Noteworthy collections and specimens for the various Depart- ments of the Museum were donated also by the following individuals: Mrs. Chauncey B. Borland, Mrs. William H. Moore, Mrs. George T. Smith, Miss Kate Buckingham, Mrs. Douglas Smith, Mrs. Edward BE. Ayer, Mr. Martin A. Ryerson, Mr. John Jay Abbott, Mr. Charles B. Goodspeed, Mr. Henry M. Wolf, Mr. Martin C. Schwab, Mr. John Borden, Mr. Corwith Cramer, Mr. William J. Chalmers, Mr. Richard ate Crane, Jr. Other noteworthy additions to the collections were acquired through Museum expeditions, purchases, and through exchanges with other institutions. Details of these will be found elsewhere in the Report. Among the most notable of these are a large Maya altar stone bearing a Maya date corresponding to 575 A.D., obtained by the Captain Marshall Field Archaeological Expedition to British Honduras; a large meteorite specimen, weighing about 1,400 pounds, from Gladstone, Queensland, Australia, which was purchased by the Museum; an unusually well-preserved skeleton of a prehistoric sea- crocodile (Steneosaurus) from Germany, acquired by purchase; the previously mentioned wheels and other parts of ancient chariots, believed to be the oldest in the world, excavated from the ruins of Kish by the Field Museum—Oxford University Joint Expedition to Mesopotamia; a log of bloodwood cacique, one of the rarest woods in the world, obtained by a joint expedition in Panama of Field Museum, Yale University, the New York Botanical Garden and the United Fruit Company; and a share of the specimens of prehistoric stone implements and fragments collected in the Gobi Desert in Inner Mongolia by the Central Asiatic Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History, New York (with Field Museum cooperating) under the leadership of Dr. Roy Chapman Andrews. Gratifying results have been achieved in all branches of the work in the five Departments of the Museum during 1928. Collections have been enlarged; installations of new exhibits have been con- tinued at a satisfactory rate; many older exhibits have been rein- stalled and improved; research has been conducted into many subjects; a number of publications have been issued setting forth the results of important work by the scientific staff, and much work has been done on others still in course of preparation; cataloguing, inventorying and labeling have been carried on satisfactorily; members of the Staff have given lectures in the Museum and else- 398 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REporTS, VOL. VII where, including radio talks; and a great amount of public service has been rendered by the Staff in answering the many inquiries which come in on various subjects within the scope of the Museum. An important publication issued by the Museum during 1928 is The Prehistory of Aviation by Dr. Berthold Laufer, Curator of Anthropology. Because of the prominent place aeronautics hold in public interest at present this publication proved extremely timely. Important from the scientific standpoint was the discovery, during the year, of a new type of crocodile from New Guinea by Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, Assistant Curator of Reptiles. The species, described in a Museum publication issued recently, was discovered by Mr. Schmidt through work on some crocodile skulls which had been transferred to the Department of Zoology from the Depart- ment of Anthropology, which had received them with an ethnological collection. The discovery also of a new genus of Abyssinian aquatic rodents by Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator of Zoology, who led the Field Museum-—Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition, is the subject of another publication issued during the year. The various Divisions of the Museum—Raymond Division, Public Relations, Library, Printing, Photography, Roentgenology, Illustration and Memberships—as well as the Departments have all made notable progress during 1928. The details of their work appear elsewhere in this Report. All educational activities of the Museum were continued in 1928, some of them, particularly those dealing with children, on a larger scale than theretofore. Every effort has been made to increase the use of the Museum and establish the most friendly relationships between the institution and the public, both adults and children. The usual spring and autumn courses of free illustrated lectures on science and travel by eminent explorers and scientists, were given in the James Simpson Theatre of the Museum, and the response on the part of the public has been most gratifying. Special series of lectures for Members were also given. All seats in the Theatre were lettered and numbered, and this has simplified the reserving of seats and aids greatly in ushering the holders of them. As in past years traveling cases containing natural history and economic exhibits were circulated among the schools of Chicago by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension Department of the Museum. The number of cases used and the number of schools and other centers served has continued to increase as in past years. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 399 Throughout the school year lecturers with lantern slides were sent out to the schools by the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Public School and Children’s Lecture Division of the Museum. Also under the auspices of this Division the usual spring and autumn series of free moving picture entertainments for children were given in the James Simpson Theatre of the Museum, and in addi- tion special similar programs were arranged for the summer and winter seasons. The educational work conducted for children by the Museum through the N. W. Harris Public School Extension Department and the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymend Public School and Children’s Lecture Division, was made the subject of a pamphlet, “Field Museum and the Child,” published by the institution in 1928. This pamphlet contains a complete outline of this work, and is for distribution to school officials, principals, teachers, and others interested. Guide-lecture tours of the exhibits were given twice daily, except Saturdays and Sundays, at the Museum, under the plan inaugurated in December, 1927, whereby subjects are changed daily instead of maintaining, as in the past, a set schedule repeated each week. These tours have attracted many visitors, and their success is attested by favorable comment received direct from the public and through the press of Chicago during the year. Guide-lecture service has been furnished also for special groups including adult members of various organizations, and classes of children brought from the schools and elsewhere. Several hundred letters were received from boys and girls, members of the ‘‘Four H Clubs” located in widely separated parts of the United States and Canada, expressing their appreciation of their visit to the Museum while attending the International Live Stock Exposition. ~The public has been reached further by lectures given over the radio, some by speakers assigned by the Museum, and others by outside radio speakers interested in this institution. The Library of the Museum performed valuable service to the general public as well as to scientists and students, and because of the important collections of reference works on natural history subjects it contains, it is a large factor in the educational work carried on. The Museum suffered two serious losses by the deaths during 1928 of Mr. David C. Davies, Director and member of the Board of 400 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPortTS, VOL. VII Trustees, and Mr. Watson F. Blair, Second Vice-President and member of the Board of Trustees. An obituary of Mr. Davies appears at the beginning of this Report (page 387). Mr. Blair died on February 7, 1928. He had been a Trustee of the Museum since 1894. In 1909 he was elected Second Vice- President and held that office until his death. He was also a Patron, a Corporate Member and a Life Member of the Museum. The following tribute was paid to his memory by the Board of Trustees in a resolution adopted on May 21: “The death of Mr. Watson F. Blair having been announced at the monthly meeting of the Board of Trustees of Field Museum of Natural History, held May 21, 1928, the following resolution was adopted as a testimonial of his unselfish labors in behalf of the institution: “The Trustees of Field Museum of Natural History have learned with profound regret of the decease of their fellow Trustee, Watson F. Blair, February 7, 1928. “The closing of the life of Mr. Blair removes from the Board one of its oldest members. He had served as a member of the Board of Trustees and of its Finance Committee since the incorporation of the Museum. In 1907 he accepted the Chairmanship of the Finance Committee and a membership on the Executive Committee, and in 1909 he was elected Second Vice-President of the Corporation. Asa member of these Committees, and as an Officer of the Board, he performed his exacting duties with unfailing interest, ability and devotion until the time of his death, although they involved, especi- ally in the earlier years, a considerable sacrifice of his time. “‘He was in the fullest accord with the purposes of the Museum, and was always deeply concerned in its progress and welfare. “The Trustees extend to the members of Mr. Blair’s bereaved family their sincere sympathy; and in token thereof have unani- mously adopted the foregoing testimonial and ordered it to be spread upon the records of the Board, and a copy of same to be properly attested and presented to the family of the late Watson F. Blair.” On July 16 the Board of Trustees elected the present incum- bent, Stephen C. Simms, formerly Curator of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension Department, as Director, and also as a member of the Board of Trustees, to fill the vacancies caused by Mr. Davies’ death. The new Director also became a Corporate Member, and was elected Secretary of the Museum, which office had likewise been held by Director Davies. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 401 At the end of 1928, Mr. Harry E. Byram resigned from the Board of Trustees because of his change of residence to New York City. His resignation was accepted with regret. At the December meeting of the Board of Trustees Mr. Fred W. Sargent and Mr. Samuel Insull, Jr., were nominated to fill the vacancies on the Board caused by the death of Mr. Blair and the resignation of Mr. Byram. Final action on their election was scheduled for the January, 1929, meeting. Further tribute was paid to the memory of the late Carl E. Akeley, to whom the Hall of African Mammals was dedicated as “Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall’ in 1927, through publication in 1928 by the Museum of a portfolio of photogravures of the principal -examples in Field Museum of Akeley’s work in both taxidermy and sculpture. There were few changes in the scientific staff of the Museum during 1928. Dr. Paul C. Standley, for nineteen years Associate Curator of the United States National Museum at Washington, D.C., joined the Staff of Field Museum as Associate Curator of the Herbar- ium. Dr. Ralph Linton and Dr. William M. McGovern, both of whom had been Assistant Curators in the Department of Anthro- pology, resigned. The services of Dr. George T. Allen were re-engaged and he continued his work through the year as Assistant Curator of Egyptian Archaeology. Mr. Llewelyn Williams of the Department of Botany was given the title of Assistant in Wood Technology. The title of Mr. J. Eric Thompson, formerly Assistant Curator of Mexican and Maya Archaeology, was changed to Assistant Curator of Central and South American Archaeology. A number of changes occurred in the personnel of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Public School and Children’s Lecture Division. Mrs. Dorothy R. Cockrell resigned as Chief, and Mrs. Margaret Fisher Pyatt, her senior assistant, was promoted to fill her position. Mr. Edmund Cooke, guide-lecturer, resigned, and Mr. Cleveland P. Grant, formerly guide-lecturer, was appointed Acting Curator of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension Department. Three guide-lecturers were engaged to fill the vacanies on the staff. In the order of employment they are: Mr. Frank Potter, Miss June Work, and Mr. A. L. Hertel. Miss Margaret Cornell continued with the Division, becoming the Senior Assistant Lecturer. The Museum has been fortunate in having the wholehearted cooperation of the newspapers, and of various organizations in control of advertising media, in its campaign of publicity and advertising. 402 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, Vou. VII Generous space has been given the activities of the Museum in the newspapers of Chicago and the press of the country as a whole. The Museum has been advertised in posters displayed by local transportation companies, by space given in theatre and opera pro- grams, and by the distribution of Museum direction folders through railroads, hotels, civic associations, and other organizations. Details of the publicity and advertising are given elsewhere in this Report. Grateful acknowledgement is hereby extended to those in charge of the various enterprises which have thus given generous assistance in promoting public interest in this institution. A large amount of reconstruction work and improvement in the building was undertaken and completed during 1928. Of first im- portance was the preparation of the new halls on the ground floor, the opening of which has already been referred to. Involved in this work was the moving of the north wall of Hall J, containing the Egyptian collections, seven feet to the north, and the building of a new type of case 199 feet long on the north and east walls. A similar — case thirty feet long was constructed on the west end of the south wall. These cases extend fourteen feet to the ceiling, and the upper parts are offset to form an upper overhanging case immediately above the view glass of the lower section. Illumination is provided within the case but entirely outside the range of vision. Installed in the lower sections are mummies on inclined benches and other ancient Egyptan relics, with fabrics stretched on frames on the back walls and tomb sculptures set flush with those walls. Installed in the upper cases are a seventy-seven foot facsimile of the funerary papyrus of Ani, and, occupying 116 feet, plaster casts of sculptures enameled and glazed with umber to bring out the detail. These cases follow closely in principle, construction and illumination the habitat group cases in the Department of Zoology, but their adaptation to anthropological material and the installation methods employed here are, so far as can be learned, an innovation in museum work. A case thirty-six feet long for African wood carvings was built on the west wall of Hall D. Tile partitions were built along the south side of Hall J and on the south and east sides of Hall B (one of the new ground floor halls unoccupied as yet). The doors to the north of Hall J leading to the stairways and passenger elevator were removed, and the openings enlarged to the full width of the corridors. Various partitions were removed and doors and transoms blocked up to make available for exhibition space areas previously used for JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 403 storage north and south of Hall K (unoccupied ground floor hall) and also north of the James Simpson Theatre. About three hundred feet of fresh air duct were removed, and the fresh air inlets on the north wall of Hall J were connected to the fan under the north entrance. This reduced the route of travel for fresh air through ducts to Hall J by more than four hundred feet. The removal of this air duct, together with the removal of old steam mains and other abandoned service pipes, made available the aforementioned storage space, some 11,000 square feet, for future ground floor exhibition halls. The removal of the old steam mains from the ceiling also made feasible the construction of the new types of exhibition cases in Hall J and it may be said, in fact, that every exhibition hall on the ground floor has been greatly benefited by the removal of the pipes. Steam tunnels and trenches were caulked with tarred rope oakum. Ceiling outlets for illumination in Halls D, E, G, H and J were lined up. Those in Hall J were extended down the piers to provide for future individual case lighting. This, and the removal of pipe hangers, involved a great amount of plaster cutting and patching. Halls D, E, F, G, H and J, and the corridors leading to the cafe- teria, were painted. New shades were provided for Hall H. Two balcony fronts and three stained glass windows representing eight- eenth century Egypt were repaired, fitted with light boxes, and installed on the south wall of Hall J. Nine cases in Hall K were provided with ground glass in their ceilings, and their interiors were painted in preparation for scenic backgrounds for future exhibits of marine mammal groups. Much miscellaneous improvement and maintenance work was done in various parts of the Museum. Two bronze cases were provided at the south end of Stanley Field Hall for the installation of New Guinea feather masks of towering height. Insulating panels were installed in windows of Halls 9, 21 and 22. All window drapes were taken down, cleaned and rehung in certain halls, and the walls where the drapes hung were cleaned. Five cases for habitat groups of Asiatic mammals, were built in William V. Kelley Hall (Hall 17) and ten such cases were built in Hall 16, devoted to habitat groups of American mammals. Illuminated case labels were provided for these and other similar cases. Six curtain walls were built between Halls 16 and 17. Illuminating hoods and transoms were fitted to cases for the nyala and dik dik groups. A new system of individual case lighting in Ernest R. Graham Hall, and a system of beam lighting for the new mural paintings in 404 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII that hall, were installed. New silverite glass was installed in the tops of cases. Because of the inadequacy of space and the unsuitability of the former ground floor location of the X-ray studio, it was installed in more suitable quarters on the third floor. It now occupies a suite of three rooms—operating room insulated with lead sheeting, dark room, and office. New sun curtains were installed in the photographic operating and printing rooms. Much interior cleaning and painting was done, particularly in the Herbarium, and in Rooms 7, 40 and 108 on the third floor. Some 870 trays, with racks in steel cabinets, were constructed for bird and mammal storage, and many model cases and much other equipment necessary for the work of the various Departments were made. On the roof of the building new skylight bars and ribbed wire glass were installed on the main skylight, except for nineteen rows of lights at the southeast corner which were placed in 1927. A large fan was installed at either end of the clerestory under the roof to circulate the air, as an added precaution to prevent condensation on the skylights. The terra cotta cornice and the court windows were tuck pointed. Four men worked full time cutting out loose mortar joints in the marble work and refilling them with cement mortar. All of the exterior window sills of the building received a coat of paint. ; Western Union Time Service was installed during the year for the clocks at the north or main entrance, and at the entrance to the James Simpson Theatre. A new canopy was installed at the west door. Under its agreement with the Shedd Aquarium the Museum began supplying heat to that building in December, when it was found that it would be needed for drying out purposes during con- struction. LECTURES AND ENTERTAINMENTS GENERAL LECTURES.—The Museum’s forty-ninth and fiftieth courses of free lectures were given in the James Simpson Theatre on Saturday afternoons during the spring and autumn months. These were illustrated by motion pictures and stereopticon slides. Following are the programs of both courses: I 1l?H SHLOTO IVIUNd GNV SHINWOAW ‘SNIAAO0 NVILGADA ATX 321d ‘IIA “IOA ‘sq1odey ONINIVINOO GSVO NI-LIING JO NOILYOd AIO4SIFT [eINYSN JO UnesnyT Pol Rel HEE, | c JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 405 Forty-ninth Free Lecture Course February 25—‘‘By Aeroplane to Pygmy Land.”’ Professor Matthew W. Stirling, leader of the Stirling New Guinea Expedition of the Smithsonian Institution. March 10—‘‘Cruising Audubon’s Labrador.” Mr. Howard H. Cleaves, New York City, March 17—‘‘An Explorer’s Life.” Professor John Garstang, Institute of Archaeology, Liverpool, England. March 24—‘‘Madagascar.”’ Dr. Ralph Linton, formerly Assistant Curator of Oceanic and Malayan Ethnology, Field Museum; leader of the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Madagascar. March 31—‘Nature’s Mysteries.” Dr. Daniel McCowan, Department of Public Instruction, Bureau of Commercial Economics, Washington, D. C. April 7—“‘Abyssinia and the Source of the Blue Nile.” Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator of Zoology, Field Museum; leader of the Field Museum—Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition. April 14—‘“Camping Among the Plains and Pueblo Indians.”’ Dr. G. Clyde Fisher, American Museum of Natural History, New York. April 21—‘Tarija Valley and the ‘Bones of the Giants.’ ”’ : Mr. Elmer S. Riggs, Associate Curator of Paleontology, Field Museum; leader of the Second Captain Marshall Field Paleonto- logical Expedition to Argentina and Bolivia. April 28—“Indians of South America.” Dr. William Montgomery McGovern, formerly Assistant Curator of South American Ethnology, Field Museum. Fiftieth Free Lecture Course October 6—‘‘Across Sumatra from East to West.” Professor Adriaan J. Barnouw, Columbia University, New York. October 18—“‘Isles of the Southern Cross.” Mr. Fred Payne Clatworthy, Estes Park, Colorado. October 20—‘‘On the Roof of the World.” Captain John B. Noel, London; official photographer of the 1924 Mount Everest Expedition. October 27—‘‘Jungle Gods.”’ Captain Carl von Hoffman, F. R. G. S., New York. November 3—‘‘Excavations at Kish, Mesopotamia.” (Work of Field Museum—Oxford University Joint Expedition, season of 1927-1928.) Mr. Henry Field, Assistant Curator of Physical Anthropology, Field Museum. November 10—‘‘Sinbads of Science and the Sea.” Mr. George Finlay Simmons, M. A., Cleveland Museum of Natural History. 406 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VII November 17—‘“‘Treasure Hunting in Bolivia.” Licutenant colonel) Charles Wellington Furlong, F.R.G.S., oston. November 24—‘“‘Under the Northern Lights.” Commander Donald B. MacMillan, leader of the Rawson- MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of Field Museum, 1927-1928. December 1—“‘‘Civilization of the Mayas—Past and Present.” Mr. J. Eric Thompson, Assistant Curator of Central and South American Archaeology, Field Museum; leader of the Captain Marshall Field First Archaeological Expedition to British Honduras, 1928. December 8—‘‘The Turkestan.” Mr. George K. Cherrie, member of the James Simpson—- Roosevelt—Field Museum Expedition to Central Asia, 1925-1926. The total attendance at these nineteen lectures was 25,065. In addition to the regular spring and autumn courses, the follow- ing special lectures were given: January 14—“‘Birds and Animals of Alaska.”’ Mr. William K. Finley, Director of Wild Life Conservation, State of Oregon. January 15—January 14 lecture repeated. January 22—“The Way of the Sperm Whaler.”’ Dr. Robert Cushman Murphy, American Museum of Natural History, New York. January 28—“Explorations in Plant Life.”’ Mr. Arthur C. Pillsbury, Berkeley, California. January 29—“The Malay Peninsula.” Mr. Carveth Wells, F. R. G.S. February 11—‘‘The Wonderland of Big Game.”’ Major A. Radcliffe Dugmore, F. R. G.S., F. R. P. S., London. February 12—February 11 lecture repeated. February 26—“‘By Aeroplane to Pigmy Land.”’ Professor Matthew W. Stirling, leader of the Stirling New Guinea Expedition of the Smithsonian Institution. October 21—“‘On the Roof of the World.”’ Captain John B. Noel, London, official photographer of the 1924 Mount Everest Expedition. October 28—“‘Jungle Gods.”’ Captain Carl von Hofiman, F. R. G. 8., New York. November 4—‘“Excavations at Kish, Mesopotamia.”’ (Work of Field Museum—Oxford University Joint Expedition, season of 1927-1928.) Mr. Henry Field, Assistant Curator of Physical Anthropology, Field Museum. November 18—‘‘Ptolemy’s Mountains of the Moon.”’ Dr. James P. Chapin, American Museum of Natural History, New York. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 407 November 25—“‘Under the Northern Lights.” Commander Donald B. MacMillan, leader of the Rawson— MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of Field Museum, 1927-1928. December 2—“‘Civilization of the Mayas—Past and Present.” Mr. J. Eric Thompson, Assistant Curator of Central and South American Archaeology, Field Museum; leader of the Captain Marshall Field First Archaeological Expedition to British Honduras, 1928. December 9—‘“‘The Turkestan.” Mr. George K. Cherrie, member of the James Simpson— Roosevelt—Field Museum Expedition to Central Asia, 1925-1926. The total attendance at these special lectures was 17,399. A special motion picture program, “Alaskan Adventures,” given on December 15, was attended by 900. CONCERTS.—A series of chamber music concerts was given by the Gordon String Quartet in the James Simpson Theatre, on the following Sunday afternoons: February 5 and 15, March 11 and 25, and April 8 and 15. On Sunday, May 138, Mrs. Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge sponsored a concert given by the Rosé String Quartet of Vienna in the James Simpson Theatre. The total attendance at the seven concerts was 4,358. EDUCATIONAL MEETINGS The use of the Lecture Hall was extended to eleven educational and civic groups. These conferences were attended by a total of 1,586 persons. RADIO TALKS During the year, four radio talks were given by a member of the Raymond Division. Three of these were over WGN, the Chicago Tribune station, and completed the series of ten begun in November, 1927. One on “Ocean Life’ was broadcast over WMAQ, the Chicago Daily News station. LECTURE TOURS FOR ADULTS As in previous years, the services of Museum guide-lecturers were offered without charge to clubs, conventions and other organi- zations, and to Museum visitors in general. For the public 112 general tours and 398 tours covering specific subjects were arranged. Printed monthly schedules were kept at the north door for distri- bution to visitors. Hundreds of copies were sent at the beginning 408 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—RspoRTS, VOL. VII of each month to libraries, social settlements, retail stores, and other centers of distribution. There were seventy-five groups from clubs, conventions and colleges, and fifty-two other special parties, totalling 2,362 persons, who received guide-lecture service. General public groups numbered 399, with 3,846 in attendance. The total number of adult tours was 526, with an attendance of 6,208. THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN’S LECTURES ENTERTAINMENTS FOR CHILDREN.—The James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Public School and Children’s Lecture Fund made possible the continuation of lecture work among children, both in the Museum and outside in schools and camps. Series of entertainments were offered as usual in the spring and autumn, and in addition summer and winter series were added ~ this year. By arrangement with the South Park Commissioners, special children’s tours and motion picture programs were conducted during eight weeks of the summer. The groups brought from the various parks and playgrounds of the South Parks system for this course of tours and motion pictures totalled 2,202 children. In addition to the special summer series arranged under the auspices of the South Park Commissioners, Field Museum carried on during the same season a similar series under the provisions of the Raymond Fund. These programs were given special publicity in the local press, and invitations to send groups were extended to the various clubs maintained for children by Chicago newspapers, including the “Topsy Turvy Times” of the Daily News, “Junior Journal” of the Journal, “Boys and Girls Post” of the Evening Post, and the Sally Joy Brown groups of the Tribune. Ten such groups were given guide service, with an attendance of 447, and seven special motion picture programs, attended by 2,150 children, including both the newspaper groups and other children, were presented. The “Chronicles of America” series of motion pictures, a gift to the Museum from Mr. Chauncey Keep, were used for both series of summer programs. The programs of the entire year were as follows: SPRING COURSE February 11—‘‘Abraham Lincoln.” February 18—‘“‘George Washington.” JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 409 February 25—‘“‘Chang.”’ March 3—“‘Dog Days.” ‘Jewels of Venus.”’ ‘“Heroes of the Sea.”’ ‘The Mountain Lion.”’ ‘“‘Wonder Book No. 1.’’ March 10—‘“Papua.” March 17—“Soaring Wings.”’ “Death Traps.”’ ‘*Monkeys.”’ ‘High in the Andes.” ‘‘Hoofs and Horns.”’ March 24—"'Assorted Babies.”’ “The Fight for Life.’’ ‘Niagara the Glorious.” ‘“Where the Moose Runs Loose.”’ “Feathered Braves.”’ March 31—‘Grass.” April 7—‘“‘An African Adventure.” “The Falcon Hunt.” mOHICKS.:- “The Lynx.” ‘‘Wonder Book No. 3.”’ April 14—“Rambles of a Naturalist Among the Indians. (Dr. G. Clyde Fisher, American Museum of Natural History, New York—lecturer.) April 21—‘“China.” ‘‘Nature’s Cathedral.” April 28—‘Moana of the South Seas.” 93 SUMMER PROGRAMS July 12—“Columbus.”’ July 19—‘“‘Jamestown.”’ July 26—“The Puritans.”’ “The Pilgrims.”’ August 2—‘‘Peter Stuyvesant.”’ “The Gateway to the West.” August 9—“Wolfe and Montcalm.” “The Eve of the Revolution.”’ August 16—‘“The Declaration of Independence.” ‘‘Vincennes.”’ August 23—‘‘Daniel Boone.” “The Frontier Woman.”’ August 30—‘‘Yorktown.”’ “‘Alexander Hamilton.’’ AUTUMN COURSE October 6—““The Eskimo.”’ “The Sky.” “Our Earth.”’ “‘Glimpses of Greenland.” “Mysteries of Snow.”’ October 13—‘“‘Brazil.”’ “How Living Things Find a Home.” 410 FYELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII *‘Butterflies and Moths.’’ “Jungle Round-up.” *‘Children of the Sun.’ e October 20—‘‘The Sahara.”’ **Ants.”’ ‘Bees and Spiders.”’ “The Lion Hunt.’’ “‘Perfume and Nicotine.”’ October 27—“Switzerland.” “‘Seaside Friends and Their Country Cousins.” ““A Day at the River.”’ “Where Snowtime is Joytime.”’ “Mountain Climbing in Glacier National Park.” November 3—‘“‘China.’’ “Down at Our Pond.’’ “In Birdland.”’ “‘Monarchs of the Plains.’ “Our Four-footed Pals.”’ November 10—‘‘Argentina.”’ ‘Pirates of the Sea.”’ ne LSa “The Story of Leather.” November 17—‘‘Peoples of the Mediterranean.” “Furry Creatures.” “Friends to Man.’’ “Secrets of the Sea.”’ “The Parasol Ant.” November 24—‘“‘From England to South America.” “Preparing for a Garden.”’ “Palace of Honey.” “Golden Fleeces.”’ December 1—‘“The Rhine Valley.” “Growing Things.”’ “Fruit and Flowers.’’ “Bird Sanctuary.” “Monarch of the Glen.”’ WINTER PROGRAMS January 28—“‘Secrets of the Flowers.” . i (Mr. Arthur C. Pillsbury, Berkeley, California—lecturer.) February 22—‘‘George Washington.”’ December 15—‘“‘Alaskan Adventures.’’ December 22—‘“‘Bre’r Rabbit and His Pals.’’ “The Little Indian Weaver.’’ “The Wee Scotch Piper.” “The Little Swiss Wood Carver.’’ “The Little Dutch Tulip Girl.’ December 29—Entertainment by Chief Little Moose, a Chippewa Indian. SPECIAL November 12—Americanization Program. Field Museum cooperated further with the South Park Com- missioners by loaning certain films for showing in programs held at the various parks and playgrounds of the South Parks system. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 411 Not only have the children’s departments of the Chicago news- papers cooperated in bringing the summer programs before the attention of their young readers, but they have also given special publicity to the other series of children’s entertainments in the spring and fall, in addition to that obtained in the regular news columns. The Chicago Evening Post in its children’s department has reprinted some of the “Museum Stories for Children” distri- buted at the entertainments. The “Topsy Turvy Times” of the Chicago Daily News cooperated by linking some of its features with the Museum entertainments under a special arrangement. On October 26 a meeting of both adults and children under the auspices of the Chicago Board of Education was held in the James Simpson Theatre. This civic assembly was most enthusi- astically carried out. Forty local communities were represented, and men from the various organizations interested in the better- ment of the city and its coming World’s Fair spoke. The program closed with a group of historical pageants, depicting the develop- ment of Chicago. The total number of children’s programs was forty-one. If to this number is added the attendance of 1,200 at the meeting in the Theatre on October 26, arranged by the Chicago Board of Educa- tion, to which came children from all districts of the city, the total number of children’s groups which have been entertained is forty- two, and the total attendance is 48,045. LECTURE TOURS FOR CHILDREN.—Lecture tours correlating with school programs or organized for a general knowledge of Museum exhibits were given to groups from public, parochial and private schools of Chicago and surrounding suburbs. In all, 418 such groups totalling 17,392 children, received this service. EXTENSION LECTURES.—Extension lectures were offered to ele- mentary, junior and senior high schools of the Chicago public school system. The total number of schools visited was 174, and the total number of lectures given was 530. This includes the lectures presented in school classrooms and assemblies, and those given to school clubs, at conferences, and at Camp Algonquin. The total attendance was 186,208. The titles of lectures were as follows: ‘“Mammals of the Chicago Area.”’ ‘““Mammals of North America.” 412 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPorTS, Vou. VII “Birds of the Chicago Area.” ‘African Animals.’’ “Food Fish of the World.” “Silk and Wool.” “Flax and Cotton.” ‘‘Coal and Iron.”’ ‘Activities of Field Museum.” ‘North American Indians.” “Glimpses of Chinese Life.” ‘“‘What We Owe to South America.” ‘Life of the Ancient Egyptians.” “Life of the Native Philippines.” ToTALS.—If the number of children receiving instruction by means of entertainments, tours and lectures be added to the number of adults receiving similar instruction, the total reached by these Museum educational efforts in 1928 consists of 1,566 groups, numbering 307,161 individuals. ACCESSIONS.—The Raymond Division acquired during the year, — through the Division of Photography, 4382 lantern slides for use in its public school extension lectures. Thirteen other slides were ob- tained by purchase, making the total number added to the collec- tion 445. This brings the total number of lantern slides now available for school lectures to approximately 5,000. The Chicago Chapter of the Wildflower Preservation Society of America kindly loaned the Museum a number of its lantern slides on wildflowers of the Chicago area, for reproduction, and plans for a lecture on this subject, to be added to the list of school extension lectures, were thus facilitated. NATURE STUDY COURSE Preliminary steps were inaugurated during the year for a course in nature study to be given during the spring of 1929. The course, as planned, will cover the topics most needed by those directing study of nature subjects in camps, school clubs, community organizations, et cetera. These will include studies of the animal, mineral and plant groups of the Chicago area, which will be discussed in the small Lecture Hall and followed by tours of correlated exhibits. The tours will be conducted by the guide- lecturers of the Museum. Indications are that the course will meet the needs of many organizations, and it is hoped to make it a permanent part of the educational work of the Museum. Reports, Vol. VII, Plate XLVI Field Museum of Natural History PIGNUT HICKORY An exhibition case showing the wood and a fruiting branch Installed in Charles F. Millspaugh Hall (Hall 26) About one-eighteenth natural size JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 413 PUBLICATIONS In the regular series of Field Museum Publications, eight were issued during the past year, six of which were zoological, one anthro- pological, and one the Annual Report of the Director. In addition to these, one number was added to the general leaflet series, four to the miscellaneous publications, and one portfolio of photogravures was issued. Following is a detailed list of these publications: Pub. 246.—Zoological Series, Vol. XIV, No. 4. Contents and Index to Volume XIV. Numbers 1 to4. February 21, 1928. 12 pages. Edition 1,000. Pub. 247.—Zoological Series, Vol. XII, No. 14. A New Crocodile from New Guinea. By Karl P. Schmidt. February 20, 1928. 8 pp., 2 photo- gravures. Edition 1,021. Pub. 248.—Report Series, Vol. VII, No. 2. Annual Report of the Director for the Year 1927. January, 1928. 202 pp., 21 photogravures. Edition 3,800. Pub. 249.—Zoological Series, Vol. XV, Part III. The Marine Fishes of Panama. By Seth E. Meek (deceased) and Samuel F. Hildebrand. September 1, 1928. 344 pp., 31 halftones. Edition 1,530. Pub. 250.—Zoological Series, Vol. XII, No. 15. A New Genus of Aquatic Rodents from Abyssinia. By Wilfred H. Osgood. November 21, 1928. 8 pp., 1 photogravure. Edition 1,017. Pub. 251.—Zoological Series, Vol. XII, No. 16. Reptiles Collected in Salvador for the California Institute of Technology. By Karl P. Schmidt. November 21, 1928. 12 pp., 1 zine. Edition 1,017. Pub. 252.—Zoological Series, Vol. XII, No. 17. Notes on South American Cai- mans. By Karl P. Schmidt. November 21, 1928. 30 pp., 6 photo- gravures. Edition 1,010. Pub. 253.—Anthropological Series, Vol. XVIII, No. 1. The Prehistory of Aviation. By Berthold Laufer. December 6, 1928. 96 pp., 12 photogravures, 1 zine. Edition 1,523. LEAFLETS Anthropology, No. 27. The Giraffe in History and Art. By Berthold Laufer, March, 1928. 100 pp., 9 photogravures, 1 vignette, 23 text-figures, 1 cover design. Edition 3,015. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS Taxidermy and Sculpture. The work of Carl E. Akeley in Field Museum of pera History. A portfolio of 47 photogravures, and text. Edition 5,105. Field Pecum and the Child. 34 pp., 8 photogravures, 5 halftones. Edition 6. > Field Museum Stylebook. An Editorial and Typographical Manual. 18 pages. Edition 250. General Guide. Twelfth Edition. 32 pp., 1 photogravure, 2 zines. Edition 4,825. General Guide. Thirteenth Edition. 38 pp., 1 photogravure, 3 zincs. Hdition 7,900 414 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VII To protect the Museum in the future from unauthorized use of material in some of its more popular leaflets and other publications, such as has occurred several times, it was decided to copyright all leaflets, and certain other publications. Copyrights were obtained during 1928 for “The Giraffe in History and Art,” and also for the series of paintings on paleontological subjects presented by Mr. Ernest R. Graham, and photographs of these paintings. LIBRARY During the year there were added 2,910 books and pamphlets to the Library. The total number now on the shelves is approxi- mately 95,000. The Library had the good fortune to obtain several rare items that have been desired for some years. Noteworthy among these are: Martius, Flora Brasiliensis, fifteen volumes in forty, 1840-1906. Karsten, Florae Columbianae, 1858-1861. Gesner, Historiae Animalium, Liber iii qui est de auium natura, 1555. Aiton, Hortus Kewensis, 1789. Flacourt, Histoire de la Grand Isle Madagascar, 1661. Brasseur de Bourbourg, Etudes sur le Systéme Graphique et la Langue des Mayas, 1869-1870. Azara, Reise nach Sud Amerika, 1781-1801. Rengger, Reise nach Paraguay, 1818-1826. Rochon, Voyage to Madagascar and the East Indies, 1893. Levaillant, Histoire Naturelle des Promerops. . .Oiseaux de Paradis, 1807. Spix, Animalia nova sive Species Novae Lacertarum quas in Itinere per Brasil- iam Annis MDCCCVII-MDCCCXxX, 1825. Daudin, Traité Elémentaire et Complet d’Ornithologie, 1800. Sodiro, Contribuciones al Conocimiento de la Flora Eciatoriana, 1833, 1895. Apparent, Traité de Géologie. Haug, Traité de Géologie. Brinton, The Annals of the Cakchiquels, 1885. The generous distribution of the Museum’s publications has continued, and the Library has received in exchange valuable material from other museums, research organizations, scientific societies, and individuals, both at home and abroad. Among these were sets of publications from Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Basel, Switzerland; The Mining and Geological Institute of India, Cal- cutta; the Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Argentina; Station Océanographique, Salammbo, Tunis, Africa; Departement van Land- bouw, Nijverheid en Handel, Dutch Guiana; Dansk Geologisk Forening, Copenhagen, Denmark; Sociedad de Geografia Historia, JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR ‘415 Guatemala; Metropolitan Library, Peking, China; Ameghino, Obras Completas y Correspondencias Ciencias, Buenos Aires; Princeton University, New Jersey. Through exchanges of duplicate material valuable books were obtained from the following libraries: McGill University Library, Montreal; University of Chicago Library, and Notre Dame Library, Notre Dame, Indiana. Through the use of the system of interlibrary loans it has been possible to borrow books for the use of various members of the Staff from the libraries of Chicago, and also from libraries of other cities books that were not available in any of the Chicago libraries. The Museum Library has in turn extended its usefulness by loaning its books similarly to other institutions. The files of the Botanical Library were considerably strengthened by the gift of a collection of 666 botanical separates, presented by Dr. Paul.C. Standley of the Department of Botany. Dr. Donald Dickey, of Pasadena, California, presented a set of his writings on birds and mammals. During the year the final parts were received of the Oxford English Dictionary, a monumental work, the compiling of which took thirty years. Also, the concluding volume, six, was received of the beautifully illustrated set, George Eumorfopoulos Collection, Catalogue of the Chinese, Corean and Persian pottery and porcelain, by Hobson. There were written and filed in the various catalogues 12,405 eards. From the John Crerar Library were received monthly in- stallments of their author cards, totalling 7,515. There were prepared, forwarded and returned from the bindery 666 volumes. EXPEDITIONS AND RESEARCH ANTHROPOLOGY.— During the year six expeditions were operat- ing in the interest of the Department of Anthropology. The Captain Marshall Field First Archaeological Expedition to British Honduras, under the leadership of Assistant Curator J. Eric Thompson, was in the field from January to June. Mr. Thompson arrived at Belize, the capital, on January 9, and after a few days, during which he purchased stores and obtained the nec- essary concessions for excavations, he left for Camp 6 in the Cayo District, which is a smallish site dating from the close of the Maya 416 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPorTs, VOL. VII Old Empire. There excavations were carried on until the middle of March. On the discovery of two new sites a few miles outside of this concession, Mr. Thompson returned to Belize and obtained a concession to excavate them. One of these cities, to which Mr. Thompson gave the name of Tzimin Cax, is of great archaeological importance, for in it were found burials of the earliest known Maya period (roughly 200 B.c.- A.D. 200). Information on this early culture is very meagre, and material is scarce. Asa result of operations at this site three important burials were discovered. Two of these graves yielded pottery of a type hitherto found only in the highlands of Guatemala. It had long been believed that an early culture flourished in this mountain area, but no direct connection with any other culture known had hitherto been found. These burials supply the evidence which had been missing of a stream of highland influence filtering into the Peten regions in early Maya times. Intensive excavation will probably throw more light on this early and little known phase of Maya history. The second site, Hatzcap Ceel, and a third site, Cahal Pichic, discovered a month afterwards, represent the close of the Old Empire, and date some eight hundred years later. This was a period of transition, of which little is known. These sites of about A.D. 600 yielded a finely carved altar stone and practically all the jade that the expedition found. The altar stone is, so far as known, the only carved Maya monument with a legible date in the United States. A third phase of culture, rich in pottery and shell work, is also represented at Tzimin Cax. This probably represents a period intermediate between the opening and close of the Old Empire. Unfortunately, shortage of water forced the cessation of work after six weeks of excavation. The work throughout was hampered by the uncertainty of it. Members of the expedition were compelled to wait for occasional rains to make possible each few days of work. This uncertain condition also affected the labor supply. It was impossible to sign up the laborers, Maya Indians, for a month, because at no period during the six weeks did the water supply appear sufficient for more than a week ahead. These conditions were unusual, the previous winter having been excep- tionally dry, causing the shortage, After dispatching his collections from Belize, Mr. Thompson moved to the north of the colony, and began excavations among JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 417 some small ruins at Louisville, a few miles from Corozal, from which place he visited an interesting site on the Rio Hondo, Mexico. As the Museum unfortunately had no concession to excavate on Mexican soil, he was unable to conduct any operations in this territory. During his archaeological work Mr. Thompson collected ethnological data which will be incorporated in a publication he is preparing on the culture of the Maya Indians of central and southern British Honduras. Work in the Maya field has been confined so far largely to a search for fresh ruins. The results of such work do not add much ‘to our knowledge. One of the objectives of the Captain Marshall - Field Expedition was to seek pottery that would shed light on the interrelationship that undoubtedly existed between different Maya cities. So far the earliest Maya pottery known comes from a city which has been named Holmul, where, a number of years ago, a fine series of pottery vessels showing a high artistic skill was found. Mr. Thompson found several graves containing this early type of pottery. This discovery enlarges the horizon of early Maya ceramic types, and gives a clearer idea of what types were contemporaneous at that early time. As a result of the expedition it will be possible in the future to date many sites by the similarity of their pottery to the new series of early types established. The same applies, although to a less extent, to the middle period. Here the horizon of contemporaneous pottery types has been considerably extended, although the exact place this horizon should occupy in the system of Maya chronology is not so certain. The expedition appears to have extablished for the first time the rarity of jade in early Maya times and its comparative abundance in later periods. This con- clusion applies certainly to this area and probably to the whole Maya zone. The Second Captain Marshall Field Archaeological Expedition to British Honduras and Guatemala, also led by Mr. Thompson, left Chicago in the middle of December. During the first part of 1929 intensive work will be continued at the three cities discovered by the first expedition. Especial attention will be paid to Tzimin Cax, where it is hoped Maya history will be traced even farther back. Assistant Curator William Duncan Strong accompanied the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of 1927-28 as anthropolo- 418 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII gist. Starting June 25, 1927, from Wiscasset, Maine, the expedition arrived in Hopedale, Labrador, July 18. Dr. Strong carried on archaeological investigations on near-by islands, finding several burial cairns, skeletons, and typical Eskimo grave gifts. Piloted by an Eskimo, he visited the aberrant stone ruins at Sculpin Island, north of Nain. From the type of construction, evidences of whale- bone roof-beams, lack of fire-pits, and the known fact that typical Eskimo burials were located on near-by hills, the conclusion was reached that the stone walls represented an old Eskimo whaling camp. Later investigation in Frobisher Bay revealed indubitable Eskimo ruins of this type. On July 30, while landing stores at the station site, Anatalak Bay, the first Naskapi Indians were sighted. A cruise around Frobisher Bay in southeastern Baffin Island occupied the time from August 7 to 28. In the western end of the bay at Bishop’s Island and Koojesse Inlet, stone ruins of a type identical with those on Sculpin Island, Labrador, were examined. Eskimo artifacts found in situ clinched their identity. On the Sylvia - Grinnell River a base camp of Nugumiut Eskimo, living in primitive style, was encountered. Lack of able interpreters as well as time prevented the securing of collections, but sketches and photographs were made. The men and able-bodied women of this band were in the interior (vicinity of Amadjuak Lake), but their kayaks and umiaks on the Jordan River were seen. Old stone, sod, and whale-bone iglus were encountered on Brewster Point, but time for digging was lacking. A representative collection of modern Eskimo camp debris (old lamps, harpoon-points, bone work) was secured from a temporarily abandoned camp of the Nugumiut. On Kodlunarn (White Man’s) Island the ruins of Sir Martin Frobisher’s camp were examined, and some fragmentary objects collected. Following the expedition’s return to Labrador, the time between August 29 and September 28 was spent working on the house that was to shelter the party during the winter. From September 29 to October 15 a trip was made south to Jack Lane’s Bay and up Hunt’s River in search of a band of Naskapi- Montagnais Indians. Dr. Strong was accompanied by a local boy, who, it turned out, had never been in the region before and did not know the whereabouts of the Indians. In the interior traveling was done by canoe. Storms, swift water, many portages, and an unknown country rendered the trip very difficult. There were no signs of the Indians where they had been reported to be, and though Dr. Strong and his companion pressed farther into the interior, still none were JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 419 seen. On returning from this trip Dr. Strong was held up in a snow- storm for several days. The journey was not fruitless, however, for an ancient Eskimo quarry site was discovered at the head of Jack Lane’s Bay, and a series of old clear chalcedony spear and knife points was obtained. From October 22 to December 10 ice was forming and being blown out to sea, making all travel impossible. The time therefore was spent on the houses and cutting wood. On December 11 accompanied by one man and a dog team, Dr. _ Strong began a four-day trip which took him some forty miles north- west of the station. There he found the camp of a band of Barren Ground Indians. Some information, photographs, and worth-while objects were obtained. Low temperatures (-30°) and high winds made this excursion memorable. It ended when the Indians moved to a site near the station. Owing to the bad condition of the ice, the period from December 14, 1927 to January 11, 1928 was used for study. Lack of an interpreter however, made study, when Indians were near, difficult and limited in scope. From January 12 to April 5 the best work with the Naskapi Indians was accomplished. During that time Dr. Strong traveled with the Davis Inlet band, for the most part in the interior. Shushe- bish, an Indian known to the whites as Joe Rich, acted as interpreter. Dr. Strong lived with him and his family, thus learning a great deal about all phases of their life. Crowded in a tiny tent with some ten Indians, eating their food, helping them haul their toboggans, and hunting with them, Dr. Strong obtained a comprehensive idea of native life. They were some two hundred miles from the station and had traveled through a large area heretofore unvisited by white men. Temperatures as low as 40°, vermin, occasional periods when the Indians went on prolonged sprees on molasses beer, and at times lack of food, were the main hardships. As the Naskapi depend almost entirely on migratory herds of caribou for food, their life is controlled to a great extent by the habits of these animals. Some fifteen years ago the Davis Inlet people, who originally came from Northwest River, lived on Indian House Lake with the Barren Ground band. It was then not extraordinary to kill a thousand or more caribou by spearing them when the main herd was crossing the lake on its annual autumn migration. Then, for some unknown reason, the deer changed their route, and now only a few comparatively small herds wander through the barren lands in this area. 420 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII According to the Indians, this happened because the deer smelled great heaps of bones left uncared for. The caribou, they say, told the caribou god of these bones, and he became very angry. He took all the caribou down into a distant mountain which the Indians call the Caribou House, the legend continues, and since then the Indians have been very hungry. Thus, they explain, they were forced to move to the coast where they could supplement their hunting trips with fishing, trade, and beggary. The Indians now are very careful to practise all the sacred rites pertaining to the caribou, thus hoping to make the caribou god relent. They are especially concerned about preventing the dogs from touching the head, horns, or long bones of the deer. They require that the sacred marrow used at the ceremonial feasts be eaten in the lodge, and the container cleaned at once. This is to prevent possible profanation of the deer by dogs. The mythology of the Naskapi forms an interesting link between that recorded by Turner in Ungava’and that by Speck in southern Labrador. The many references to southern animals, mere names to these people, and the contents of the myths which refer to such things as palisaded villages, suggest a rather recent northerly move- ment of the people. The fact that Indian place names, especially towards the coast, seem to be comparatively scarce, while they use Eskimoan or white men’s names for rivers and lakes, confirms this suggestion. A mythical people, called the Katcimedgeezue, are greatly feared by the Naskapi. These people are said to come far into the lonely interior in magical tall-bowed canoes and to steal Naskapi children. Their whistling may be heard by the common people, the Naskapi say, but they are invisible except to the Naskapi conjurers who pretend they can see them and drive them away by the aid of their own powerful spirits. This would seem to be the northern version of the tales inspired by the fierce Iroquois, who in early times drove the Naskapi to the north. Dr. Strong reports that the interior of Labrador is so utterly desolate and lonely that it is small wonder that the Indians believe it to be the abode of these and a host of other malevolent spirits. The Naskapi Indians do not seem to regard certain areas as belonging exclusively to certain bands. Each has a huge region, that of the Barren Ground people including some thirty thousand square miles, totally unoccupied save by about one hundred Indians. Should one band be markedly successful in the hunt, or should ll@H weyery -y ysouin qysIUy “Y sepeyO Aq poquieg wWeYyeIy "Y WsouIG JO IH (snannsouuviAy, pue sdojv12914,7,) SHAVSONIG SQOUOAINUVO GNV GANUOH AO NOLLVUOLSAY ‘ONILNIVd TVUNW IIATX 3%Id ‘ITA “I0A ‘sy0dey A104817] [21NjeN JO wnesnyy] play JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 421 caribou be abundant near them, they are visited by those less fortunate. The bands are loose organizations of kinsfolk, and are constantly shifting population. Marriage is accompanied by no ceremony, but is usually monogamous. It must be between people who are not related in any close degree. An exception to this rule, however, is the habitual marriage of one kind of cousins, technically termed cross-cousins. This custom is clearly reflected in their kinship terminology, and has important sociological bearings. Their implements are simple, and except for modern rifles and axes, are largely made of wood. The Indians, unlike the Eskimo, always cook their food. This dependence on timber is the main factor preventing their moving farther north into the treeless area where the main herds of caribou seem to be present. The art of these people finds its best expression in painting on skins, although some wood and bone carving is done. Strange to say, their art symbolism seems to be very slightly developed. So far as could be established by exhaustive investigation, art is almost entirely intended for decoration, not for magical or religious purposes. When the Indians are caught out in a storm or on treeless barren grounds, a heap of snow is piled up and allowed to freeze for half an hour; it is then hollowed out with a snowshoe, and deeply bedded with spruce boughs if they are available. When all the Indians are inside, the door is sealed shut. Possibly the Indians may have been influenced to build these houses through seeing Eskimo block-built snow-houses, but the construction of the Indian house is entirely different. The type is unique, and it is the first record of a house built entirely of snow among any Indians. The investigator’s stay with the Indians was terminated by their return to the coast because of scarcity of caribou in the interior. In April the expedition moved to Hopedale, where some seventy- five Eskimos were measured, and blood tests were made in cooperation with Dr. E. K. Langford, physician of the expedition. A trip to Nain was made from April 24 to May 2, during which more than a hundred Eskimos were measured. Full data on hybridi- zation were secured from the Moravian Mission records. From May 8 to 18 the northern stations at Okak and Hebron were visited. All people encountered at these stations were mea- sured. Various ruins were investigated as thoroughly as the season permitted. Melting ice made the return journey difficult and some- what hazardous, especially since the ice on the fresh-water lakes in the Kiglapait Mountains was breaking up. 422 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPorRTS, VOL. VII The time from May 19 to June 19 was spent at the station, because melting ice prevented travel. Studies and measurements of some twenty-five Indians were made, and some Indian material was collected. From June 20 to July 4 an excursion was made in a canoe for © about fifty miles over the difficult Hunt’s River route to investi- gate a stone age Eskimo ruin reported by the Indians. Many ancient Eskimo stone implements were secured, and the ancient Sharp Hill quarry (head of Jack Lane’s Bay) was thoroughy investigated. During the period from July 5 to 22 stone age Eskimo sites at Windy Tickle and sites of the early Mission period (about 1770) were excavated at Spirit Island and Hopedale. From July 27 to August 10 archaeological investigations of islands east of Nain were continued, partly by motor-boat and partly by canoe. On these excursions the cooperation and assistance of Messrs. Frank Henderson and Novio Bertrand, two of Com-— mander MacMillan’s aids, were of great value. Excavations were made in early Mission period ruins at Natcutuk, Ivalik, and Nukasujuktok Islands. About twenty old Eskimo graves and gift cairns were studied, and their contents secured. The cultural remains encountered during excavations on the northern Labrador coast indicate two main periods of Eskimo occupation of the region between Port Manvers and Hopedale. The first is a stone age culture, found in small camp sites exposed by wind or water erosion, which are marked by well- chipped chalcedony, quartz, or flint points and blades, ground- stone pot fragments, adze-blades, a gouge, and stone ulus. There is a notable absence of bone or ivory work. Some small fragments of fossilized bone were found at these sites, but no worked bone implements. The majority of these sites are on the coast, but one old site which is identical was found some fifty miles up Hunt’s River. An old native quarry of colorless chalcedony, its lower exposures covered by two feet of moss and soil, was discovered at the head of Jack Lane’s Bay. Hammer-stones and characteristic stone imple- ments were found in the bare wind-eroded exposures near-by. This quarry marked the only occurrence of chalcedony known in the region, and the site shows evidence of extensive work. The character of the stone ulus, adze-blades, and of one steatite charm indicates that the makers were Eskimoan. The presence of the gouge and the type of chipped stone points indicate a relationship with the JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 423 ancient cultures of Newfoundland and the adjacent mainland. It appears that this very early Indian-like Eskimo culture may be related to the Beothuk and the early Algonkian stone age cultures to the south. Such a close relationship between Indian and Eskimo remains would seem to have several important implications which are not yet clear. The second Eskimo culture is much later, and may be denoted as that of the Early Mission period. It is characterized by large rectangular stone, sod, and whale-bone iglus, similar to those at Brewster Point, Baffin Island. Well-made stone grave and gift cairns are on the high ridges behind the villages, and equally well made stone fox-traps with sliding stone slab doors are associated with the graves. The objects secured from the iglus and the gift caches show much greater use of bone and ivory than in the earlier period, and also advanced work in steatite. Practically all the village sites examined at Hopedale, Spirit Island, September Harbor and Nukasujuktok Island, revealed con- siderable evidence of early contact with white men. A superficial examination of the Eskimoan artifacts from these latter sites sug- gests certain Thule culture characteristics. In conclusion it may be stated that a long Eskimoan occupation of northeastern Labrador is indicated by the old stone culture, which contrasts strongly with the bone and ivory-working culture of later times. The Captain Marshall Field Archaeological Expedition to West- ern Europe, under the leadership of Assistant Curator Henry Field, left Chicago on July 6, 1927. Although this expedition completed its work in 1927, Mr. Field, due to work on other expeditions, did not return to the Museum until October, 1928; consequently, only brief mention could be made of this expedition’s accomplishments in the Director’s Report for 1927, and a more detailed review of its work is therefore presented in this Report. The purpose of the expedition to Europe was primarily to gather specimens of prehistoric artifacts and data such as would be of assistance in the installation of a proposed Hall of Prehistoric Man. Before sailing for Europe, Assistant Curator Field conferred with Professor E. A. Hooton of the Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts, on problems of measurements in physical anthro- pology. Mr. Field then sailed for England where the work of col- lecting data and material was begun. Mr. Field obtained valuable advice and criticism from Professor Sir Arthur Keith, President of 424 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII the Royal College of Surgeons, and Professor Elliott Smith of University College, London, in connection with studies of Nean- derthal man. Mr. Frederick Blaschke, of Cold Spring on Hudson, New York, sculptor who accompanied the expedition, made a model of the Forbes Quarry Gibraltar skull of a Neanderthal woman, under the supervision of Sir Arthur, with the original skull before him. The Chapelle-aux-Saints cranium was taken as a model for Neanderthal man and a similar work of reproduction accomplished. The sculptor also made a one-fifth scale model of a Neanderthal man, with Sir Arthur and Professor Smith giving many valuable suggestions. Plaster casts of several Neanderthal skeletal remains were purchased to aid the sculptor. Books and other sources of information were placed at his disposal. These models will be of use in carrying out plans for the proposed hall. The members of the expedition next proceeded to Paris, where they were joined by Abbé Henri Breuil, professor at the Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, who had agreed to act as scientific — adviser. Mr. Pierre Gatier of Paris was engaged as artist, and Mr. Henri Barreyre as photographer. Headquarters were established at Les Eyzies in the Dordogne region of southwestern France. Mr. D. Peyrony, Director of the Les Eyzies Museum, kindly granted the expedition permission to collect data and to make photographs, motion pictures and color sketches in and about the famous rock-shelter of Cap Blanc, whence came the skeleton of a Magdalenian young man which the Museum obtained in 1927— the only complete adult paleolithic skeleton in the United States. Samples of the earth covering the rock-shelter were secured, and pieces from the wall were obtained for the use of Field Museum. Cap Blane was visited, and Abbé Breuil and Mr. Field spent much time examining collections of prehistoric objects excavated by farmers living near-by. Upon the recommendation of the Abbé, Mr. Field purchased the Castanet collection, which includes a remarkable Aurignacian necklace from La Souquette. This neck- lace is composed of beads made from mammoth ivory, shells, per- forated teeth, and small pebbles, and is approximately 35,000 years old. All noted prehistoric caves in the region were visited to aid in selection of material for future exhibition, and several small collec- tions were purchased. The art staff then proceeded to Mas d’Azil and made photographs, motion pictures, sketches and two models. At the invitation of Professor Hugo Obermaier of the University of Madrid the expedition visited the renowned cave of Altamira JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 425 near Santander in northern Spain. Several small collections were purchased in that neighborhood. Data on the Azilian period were collected. Abbé Breuil and Mr. Field then visited the cave of Gargas and gathered first-hand information which will be of use in one of the exhibits planned for the proposed hall. Mr. Field, accompanied by his art staff, next crossed France to Brittany’s great alignment of monoliths at Carnac, where lines of single stones stretch for four or five miles. This is believed to have been in neolithic times a great temple dedicated to the sun. An extensive series of photographs was taken, numerous sketches were made, and other data were collected. Similarly, data on Swiss lake- dwellings were collected at Lake Neuchatel, Switzerland. Valuable assistance was rendered the expedition by Miss Dorothy Garrod, of Oxford University, who discovered a Neanderthal child’s skeleton at the paleolithic cave called Devil’s Tower, of the Mous- terian period, at Gibraltar, where Assistant Curator Field had made some studies in 1925. Dr. Henri Martin of Paris, who discovered in 1927 a frieze of animals definitely belonging to the Solutrian period, kindly granted to the expedition the privilege of acquiring the only set of casts made from the first mold. No other set has been per- mitted to leave France. The animals are life-size, carved in relief, and all females. Included is an interesting scene in which a cow, with lowered head, is chasing a man. The Field Museum—Oxford University Joint Expedition to Mesopotamia, financed by Captain Marshall Field and Mr. Herbert Weld, completed its sixth season at Kish, working from the begin- ning of December, 1927 to April 1, 1928. The field director was again Mr. L. C. Watelin. He was assisted by Messrs. Henry Field and Eric Schroeder. The general supervision of the work was, as previously, in the hands of Professor Stephen Langdon of Oxford University. During the season of 1925-26 trial trenches had been dug into the southern portion of the great temple complex of Harsagkalamma, the earth goddess, on the western side of the largest ziggurat. These trenches entered and pierced the temenos wall and platform of the temple-tower, but did not reach any of the lower levels. During the following season, 1926-27, under the direction of Mr. Watelin, it was decided to clear a large rectangular space in the area in which the temples were presumed to be located. During the season under consideration, 1927-28, it was possible to clear the soil to a depth 426 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REpPoRTS, VOL. VII of five meters over an area of about a hundred square meters. The center of this area revealed a building designated in the records as Monument Z, which contained practically no objects. Although it was located beneath the Arab remains, it was above the culture stratum attributed to the period of Sargon I. The general plan for this season was to clear a limited area down to water level, and to make an effort to obtain objects of cultural importance belonging to the earliest inhabitants of Kish. It was also imperative to secure skeletal material that would contribute to solving the problem as to the physical characteristics of the early inhabitants of Mesopotamia. The work was carried on with a force of about two hundred workmen and basket-boys. A light railway system consisting of eight small trucks was employed for the removal of the earth of the mounds above the plain level. Below this, basket- boys were used, and a space about ninety meters in length and - thirty meters in width was excavated down to a depth of fifty feet below the original surface of the mound. At this point water was | reached, and further digging was impossible. Continuing below the magnificent temple of Nabonidus, erected toward the middle of the sixth century B.c., an almost sterile red stratum which covered the entire area at this particular depth was reached. Just above this red layer was found a female skeleton with a thin gold headband in place around the skull. There were numerous large pots with handles emblematic of the mother-goddess, so characteristic of cemetery “A,’’ excavated by the expedition during its second season. From another grave, presumably that of a princess, were brought to light a beautiful lapis-lazuli and gold necklace, copper hairpins surmounted by figures of cow heads, and a variety of beads, silver earrings, bracelets and other jewelry. In the red stratum, which divides the upper and lower layers, were found two lapis-lazuli cylinder seals with clearly cut inscriptions, which Professor Langdon has been able to date at about 2950 B.c. As the work continued down toward water level, it was obvious that everything to be found below this red stratum was prior to 3000 B.c. Human skeletons occurred in all the various levels, and Assistant Curator Field spent every day with two Arab workmen, especially trained for this kind of work, in the task of removing the earth from the bones, applying to them a thin coat of wax, and packing them in wooden boxes preparatory for shipment to Chicago. Accu- rate records were kept of the exact level in which each skeleton was JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR AZ. found, together with the objects discovered with the skeleton. Drawings and sketches of the positions of the objects were also made. Fragments of more than two hundred skeletons were sent to Chicago. The condition of the bones as water level was approached became decidedly worse, and in several cases it was impossible to preserve them. : The general culture encountered in the lower levels differs markedly from that of the layers overlying the red stratum. There was a quantity of pottery, many pieces representing new forms. There was a definite transition to a newer and richer stone culture, and numbers of very fine stone bowls, found in association with the skeletons, were removed. Only one small fragment of gold wire was found below the red stratum. There was a complete absence of precious stones, although there were numerous beads of new forms, particularly a skirt or girdle of long beads made from the center whorl of a large shell assumed to have been brought from the Persian Gulf. Part of the external whorl of this shell was cut off, and the shell itself was used as a primitive form of lamp. A number of copper objects were unearthed, including a lamp made in the shape of a solid copper frog with eyes of inlaid limestone, supporting from the center of the back a vertical rod terminating in five petals. The two most important objects discovered in the lowest levels are remains of two chariots, one with two wheels, another with four. The former was drawn by bulls. There were several human skeletons lying in various positions inside the low-walled enclosure close to the wheels of this chariot. The wood of the wheels was disintegrated, and had become almost as thin as paper. Around the edge of each wheel were copper nails. Some weeks after the discovery of the two-wheeled chariot the four-wheeled one was encountered. The skeletons of four animals that had apparently drawn it were lying on either side of the pole. They had evidently been sacrificed with their master. Between two of the animals was found a shaft ter- minated by a metal boss and supporting the rings surmounted by a small copper bull, through which passed the reins. This very important discovery throws a new and precise light on the means of transport in use about 3200 B.c. The excavation of the wheels and body of the chariot was a slow and difficult process, occupying nearly three weeks. The wood was in a very fragmentary condition, and it was only by applying sixteen coats of oak varnish over its surface that it could be preserved. The framework of the chariot crumbled the moment that it was exposed to the air, but Mr. Watelin 428 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII succeeded, by using meticulous care, in determining its dimensions and general technique. According to his report, the wheels consist of wooden planks kept in place by a rim, and strengthened on both the outside and the inside by wooden cross-pieces measuring two and three-eighths inches in diameter. The rim is covered with copper nails at close intervals. The axles supported a platform which had a copper border at the anterior end, and wooden semicircular sideboards. Close to the four-wheeled chariot was found a copper saw, probably used for cutting the wood of the wheels. There were also several human skeletons lying in this vicinity, and one complete skeleton in a very good state of preservation was recumbent on the slope some ten feet away from the rear end of the chariot. At the close of the season the work of cataloguing and packing ; was completed after the division of the objects with the Irak Museum, represented by Mr. R. 8. Cooke, Honorary Director of Antiquities for Irak. During the season a comprehensive series of photographs was taken at Kish. An interesting motion picture of the work in progress was also made. Mr. Schroeder and Mr. Field also took numerous photographs illustrating the season’s activities and the general - progress of the excavations. The most remarkable discovery of the season, according to Professor Langdon, is a new prehistoric culture, not Sumerian, but allied to Sumerian, equally old and entirely distinct. This new culture represents a people characterized physically by a side hair- lock worn over the right ear and falling from the crown of the otherwise completely tonsured head. They produced finely painted pottery both in one color and in yellow, black, and red. The pottery was wheel-made and decorated almost entirely with geometrical designs, although a few naturalistic motives of animals occur, connecting this culture directly with early Elam. : In 1926, Jemdet Nasr, which lies eighteen miles northeast of Kish, yielded many fragments of painted pottery and some complete painted jars and tablets of an archaic type. Mr. Watelin decided to continue excavations there in March, 1928, with a force of two hundred workmen accompanied by Messrs. Field and Schroeder. The workmen, after removing an enormous quantity of earth, found hundreds of fragments of painted pottery and some complete jars, | as well as some pictographic tablets in linear script, seals of various TIIAIX ld ‘IIA “10A ‘sq10dey OZIS [VINZVU YQUII4XIS-oUO NOG VY puv[sugq ‘uopuo’yy ‘104sy psor'yT Aq poqzuosar gq (4J9]) BTuUO1D puv (YSN) dvqs [eUIIO N Wey uewyng "fy ed1004) UAHd AWAY AIOAsiP [VINjeN jo winesnyY ple] | JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 429 archaic types, and four fragmentary human skeletons in a poor state of preservation. An illustrated report by Professor Langdon on last season’s work | at Kish was published in Art and Archaeology, November, 1928. In June, 1928, Mr. Field returned to Kish with Mr. Showket, assistant in photography, to make a series of anthropometric meas- urements of the present-day inhabitants of the Kish area. In three weeks, during which the temperature reached a maximum of 121° - In the shade, and the minimum was 95°, more than five hundred Arabs were measured. Front and profile photographs were taken of them and a hair sample of practically every one was obtained. This work was done with a view to comparing at some future date the people now living in the Kish area with the ancient Sumerians and Semites, and it is of particular value because no other large anthropometric series from Mesopotamia is available. More than two thousand photographs of physical types were taken. As a result of the discovery of flint implements of paleolithic types by Messrs. L. H. Dudley Buxton and Henry Field in 1925 between Amman in Transjordania and Bagdad, an appropriation was made for the continuation of this archaeological survey, known as the Captain Marshall Field First (November, 1927) and Second (April to June, 1928) Archaeological Expeditions to the North Arabian Desert, led by Assistant Curator Field. A seven passenger touring car was purchased, and a desert driver was loaned to the expedition by the Nairn Eastern Company in Damascus for the month of November, 1927. Thanks to the cooperation of the Air Ministry in London and particularly to Group Captain Rees, V.C., - himself a keen archaeologist, the first expedition was allowed to accompany an armored car patrol into the desert. Flint implements, undoubtedly chipped by man, were collected from about twenty-five surface sites at various points in the desert. At Bair Wells imple- ments of Upper Chellean type were obtained from the gravels, an important discovery. The expedition proved the existence of man in a paleolithic phase of culture in the now almost waterless desert of North Arabia between the Hejaz Railway and Bagdad. The old idea that this region formed a geographical barrier to migration is disproved. Through the kindness of the Air Ministry in London and Air Headquarters in Bagdad, and on invitation of Major A. L. Holt of the Turkish Petroleum Company, the second expedition was allowed to accompany a desert survey party. The expedition personnel 430 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpPoRTS, VOL. VII consisted of Messrs. Henry Field, Eric Schroeder, S. Y. Showket, and G. Vania. For part of the way the expedition accompanied an armored car patrol, and was thus able to visit many important sites within an area containing a hostile population. Thousands of flint implements were collected from more than three hundred new sites. A large number of photographs was taken, and all the Roman and Arabic ruins were recorded. One of the most interesting places visited is Qasr Burga which lies on the eastern border of the great Harrat er-Rajil and was the easternmost outpost of the Roman Empire. The ruins were mapped in detail, and more than two hundred photographs were taken. Detailed information on numerous historical ruins was obtained. Photographs of the Bedouins and their tribal life were made whenever possible. In addition to the objects collected, and the data gathered bearing upon ruined buildings, information of great value concerning hun- dreds of milesof desert land was obtained. Notes on the topographical nature of the country traversed, the additional information and corrections which can be placed upon the newmaps, and the deduction that this was once a well-watered and fertile area inhabited by man, all resulting from this expedition, add materially to the existing knowledge of the North Arabian Desert. A preliminary archaeological survey was made in northeastern Irak between Kirkuk and Mosul in an attempt to link the chain of prehistoric surface sites in the desert with northeastern Irak. Caves were reported from near Rowanduz and Akkra, and it seems plausible to suggest that some of the prehistoric peoples passed through these gorges or to the south at Suleimania, where search is now being made for traces of paleolithic man. Mr. Field returned to Chicago on October 3. A great amount of research has been accomplished during the year by present and past members of the Staff of the Department of Anthropology. The results of many of these researches have already been received in manuscript, and others have reached an advanced stage so that the preparation of manuscript for publication may be expected in the not distant future. Professor A. L. Kroeber, Research Associate in American Archae- ology, has been engaged for two years in a technical investigation of ancient Peruvian fabrics collected by him during two expeditions to Peru on behalf of the Museum. He is aided in this work by a textile expert, Miss Lila O’Neale, of the University of California. Each fabric is analyzed as to technique, color scheme, pattern, JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 431 seams, finishes, and tassels. There are often from three to six techniques employed in one fabric. Some of these appear to be new to science. When the observations have been completed, they will be classified according to area and period. It is hoped that in this way not only a better idea of the range and variety of Peruvian textile art will be obtained, but also some ideas of its historic develop- ment from early to later periods. A feature of the art which is already outstanding is the combination of exceedingly simple appa- _ratus for weaving with extreme refinement of process. Professor Kroeber expects to have a manuscript on Peruvian fabrics ready for publication during 1929. | Professor Roy L. Moodie, the well-known paleopathologist, submitted a portion of his manuscript entitled ““Roentgenologic evidences of disease and injury in ancient unopened mummy-packs from Egypt and pre-Columbian Peru, in Field Museum of Natural History.’ This investigation is based on roentgenographs made of Egyptian and Peruvian mummies in the Division of Roentgenology of the Museum. Assistant Curator A. B. Lewis completed a study of Melanesian shell money. Melanesia is notable for the great variety of shell money formerly in use in many parts of the region. The Museum is fortunate in having in its collections examples of most of these varieties, many of which are quite rare and undescribed. The study in question gives a general account of the use of shell money through- out Melanesia, the distribution of the different varieties, the methods of manufacture, and a description of all examples in the Museum’s collections. Dr. Ralph Linton, formerly an assistant curator of the Depart- ment, and now associate professor of anthropology at the University of Wisconsin, has completed about one-half of the first of a projected series of ethnological studies based on his work as leader of the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Madagascar. The first study deals with the Tanala, a pagan tribe of Madagascar. The Tanala live in the dense rain forests of the eastern mountain chain of the island, and have been little influenced by European contact. Their arts, industries, social organization, and religion still retain practi- cally their original form, and they offer an unusual opportunity for the study of a primitive culture still in full vigor. Their culture appears to be archaic, retaining many features which had disappeared elsewhere even at the time of the first European contact. 432 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII A leaflet dealing with the use of tobacco in Africa has been prepared along lines which coordinate with a series of five leaflets on tobacco published some years ago. A chapter on the introduction of tobacco into Africa has been written by Curator Laufer. Assistant Curator W. D. Hambly deals with African customs relating to tobacco, while the use of tobacco in Madagascar is presented by Dr. Ralph Linton. This subject presents many points of interest which center around the growing and manufacture of tobacco, the making of pipes and snuff boxes, and many quaint customs connected with smoking. The manuscript of a study of the painted pottery and other objects found at Jemdet Nasr has been received from Mr. Ernest Mackay, and will shortly be published in the Memoir Series of the Museum. Assistant Curator J. Eric Thompson prepared a manuscript on the ethnology of the present-day Mayas of British Honduras. The results of the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Colombia of 1922-23 were submitted for publication by its leader, Dr. Alden Mason, now of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. William M. McGovern, formerly an assistant curator in the Department, and now of the faculty of Northwestern University, completed a manuscript on the ethnology of the Gran Chaco region. The Curator, Dr. Berthold Laufer, made a study of the history of the game of polo in Asia for which he has collected an abundance of illustrative and documentary material from Persia, China, and India, and continued his researches into the domestications of animals, three of which are now almost ready—the cock, the cormo- rant, and the cat. The last-named investigation will definitely settle the problem of the first appearance of domesticated cats in Asia and the varieties of cats produced in the Far East. Corresponding with his “Prehistory of Aviation’? and ‘Prehistory of Television,” Dr. Laufer is planning to write five more prehistories— those of telegraphy, electricity, paleontology, meteorology, and the refrigerator. Professor F. E. Wood, of Chicago, availed himself of the oppor- tunities offered by the Department’s study room, and examined all Peruvian skulls in the Museum’s collection, measuring 362 of these and making notes on teratological and pathological conditions found. BOTANY.—The major exploration work of the Department of Botany during the past year was the Captain Marshall Field Expedi- JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 433 tion to Panama, conducted by Mr. G. Proctor Cooper, field assistant of Yale University School of Forestry, who has had wide experience in expeditionary work in Central America. For this expedition the Museum obtained the cooperation of the New York Botanical Garden, and of the School of Forestry of Yale University, through the interest of Professor Samuel J. Record, Associate in Wood Technology in Field Museum. The work of the expedition was facilitated by substantial assistance rendered by the United Fruit Company of Boston. | Mr. Cooper worked in Panama from December, 1927, until the first of April, 1928. Most of his time was devoted to exploration in the Province of Bocas del Toro, on the Atlantic coast, where he collected from 292 trees series of specimens illustrating wood and other botanical characteristics. Many of these were previously unknown to students of woods. In April he collected thirty-one wood specimens around Permé, in the Department of San Blas. The value of the wood samples was greatly increased by the fact that herbarium specimens showing the leaves, and when possi- ble the flowers and fruits, were also collected from most of the trees, thus making possible the accurate identification of the woods. Around Cartago, Costa Rica, Mr. Cooper obtained sixty-seven different kinds of herbs and shrubs, and in Bocas del Toro 172 of similar plants. The expedition brought back about two thousand herbarium specimens which have been shared with the other in- terested institutions. The results of this undertaking were most satisfactory, the Museum acquiring a valuable series of woods and a large number of herbarium specimens from a region heretofore almost without representation in its collections. Several papers have been published by Professor Record and Mr. Cooper detailing the results of the expedition. Among the woods obtained chief interest attaches to a fine slab of the “‘cacique bloodwood,”’ which has been placed on exhibition in Stanley Field Hall. This tree, previously unknown to science, has proved to be an undescribed one, Brosimum caloxylon, a near relative of the famous letterwood of the Guianas. It is one of the rarest woods in the world. The natives regard this lustrous, reddish wood as possessing curative properties, and its possession is restricted to the chief of the tribe. “Cacique bloodwood,’’ as it is known to the Indians, is not obtained from living trees, but from old trunks which - have lain buried in the forest floor until nothing remains but a core of dense heartwood. 434 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REportTs, VOL. VII The herbarium specimens have been studied and determined by Associate Curator Paul C. Standley, who has found them to be of exceptional interest. They include representatives of two new genera, about sixty new species of trees, and one family of plants —the Quiinaceae—unknown heretofore north of South America, besides several published species of trees which had not been col- lected before in Central America. No other recent collection of plants from middle America has proved so rich in new or rare species. Mr. Llewelyn Williams, Assistant in Wood Technology, pro- ceeded early in the year to Yale University where every facility was afforded by the School of Forestry to select specimens from the duplicate collection of tropical woods in that institution. At the same time he made studies of certain tropical woods, and the results of the investigations were published under the title “‘Studies of Some Tropical American Woods” in the September issue of “Tropical Woods,” the publication issued quarterly by the Yale University School of Forestry. The Department shared in one Museum expedition, the Rawson— MacMillan Subarctic Expedition. Messrs. C. S. Sewall and A. C. Weed assembled 678 specimens of plants, mostly from Labrador. The collection, added to those obtained by the same collectors in previous years, gives the Museum an excellent series from a region imperfectly known botanically. As an indication of the extensive use which is being made of the Herbarium for research purposes, there may be cited twenty- nine papers published during the year. Some of these were prepared by the Staff of the Department of Botany, some describe the results of Museum expeditions, and others are based, at least in part, upon material in the collections of the Department. Professor Samuel J. Record, Associate in Wood Technology, published in Tropical Woods a paper of twenty-seven pages listing the trees obtained in the region of Bocas del Toro by the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Panama, 1928, and also a list of the trees collected by the same Expedition near Permé, Panama. The vernacular names are given for most of the trees reported, and the two papers form an important contribution to the knowledge of the forests of Central America. Associate Curator Paul C. Standley published in Tropical Woods _ five short papers describing new species of Central American trees represented in collections received for determination by Field Museum. He published also in Science a brief article descriptive JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 435 of Lancetilla Experiment Station, Honduras, in the vicinity of which he made a large collection of plants during the winter of 1927-28. Assistant Curator J. Francis Macbride published in Tropical Woods an account of the newly discovered Peruvian mahogany tree. In the same journal Mr. Williams published a detailed account of the woods of seven species of trees from Cuba, Panama, Guatemala, and Venezuela. Mr. G. Proctor Cooper published in Tropical Woods two papers describing the results of the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Panama. The first, entitled “Some Interesting Trees of Panama,” treats of several important timber trees, among them the handsome bloodwood cacique, a fine slab of which recently was placed on exhibition in Stanley Field Hall. The second paper by Mr. Cooper is a descriptive account of the forests of western Panama. In Tropical Woods for March 1, 1928, under the authorship of Mr. David A. Kribs, there appeared an important account of ‘““The Persaud Collection of British Guiana Woods,” covering forty pages and based upon a collection made for Field Museum in 1923-24 by Mr. A. C. Persaud. There are enumerated sixty-eight species of woods, belonging to sixty genera and thirty-two families. Mr. H. C. Benke published in Rhodora two papers describing asters and other plants, based upon material in the Museum Her- barium. Dr. E. E. Sherff, in continuation of his studies of the genus Bidens, published in the Botanical Gazetie a paper describing several new species and varieties whose types are in the Herbarium of Field Museum. Among other writers who have published papers based partly upon Field Museum collections may be mentioned Dr. 8S. F. Blake, who described ten new species of Werneria and Dnvzplostephium whose types are in the Herbarium; Mrs. E. W. Erlanson, who described a new rose in a paper appearing in Rhodora; Mr. Ells- worth P. Killip, who published seven new Peruvian plants collected by the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Peru; Mr. C. E. Kobuski, whose monographs of Acanthaceae list many Field Museum speci- mens; Dr. Francis W. Pennell, whose paper upon “Agalinis and Allies in North America” cites numerous Museum specimens, especially from the central states; and Dr. B. L. Robinson, who designated as types of certain new South American species of Mikania specimens in the Herbarium of Field Museum. The determination of unnamed collections received during the year occupied much of the attention of the Staff of the Herbarium. 436 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII The most important collection studied was that made in Panama by Mr. G. Proctor Cooper of Yale, which required several weeks because of the large number of new or rare species which it con- tains. A paper describing the new ape was prepared and is now in process of publication. During the year many lots of plants were received flats corre- spondents for determination, and these have been named and in most cases added to the Herbarium. A large part of the most valuable and desirable material received during the period under review was acquired in this manner. Material requiring determina- tion was received from many portions of the United States, and from Mexico, British Honduras, Guatemala, Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, British Guiana, and Venezuela. Among these collections there were many interesting and: unknown plants of which descriptions have been prepared for publication. In order to make possible the accurate determination of the Museum’s collection of tropical American plants of the family Rubiaceae, a group which yields coffee, quinine, ipecac, and other useful products, there were borrowed from the larger herbaria of the United States, through the courtesy of their curators, several hundred specimens of the family. These are being studied by Associate Curator Paul C. Standley who is preparing an enumera- tion of the Rubiaceae of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. A flora of the Yucatan Peninsula, which it is expected will be ready for publication during the coming year, has been brought nearly to completion by Associate Curator Standley. Assistant Curator J. Francis Macbride has been able to devote a satisfactory amount of time to study of the collections of the Captain Marshall Field Expeditions to the Peruvian Andes. These collections, supplemented by those of Dr. A. Weberbauer, Mr. Carlos Schunke, and other collectors, are serving as the basis of a compre- hensive list of the flora of Peru, now in course of preparation. Dur- ing the year manuscript has been prepared for several of the larger families. In the determination of Illinois plants Mr. H. C. Benke, of Chicago, contributed generously of his time, naming specimens sent by correspondents to the Museum for determination, and revising the identifications of specimens already in the Herbarium. Dr. Earl E. Sherff, of Chicago, has continued in the Herbarium his studies of the Compositae, particularly in the genus Bidens, and azIs [einjeu YYXIS-9UQ AUOLSIH TVHYOLVYN FO WOHSOAW ATH JO NOISNALXY TOOHOS O1Td Nd SIMNUVH “M’°N AHL Ad ODVOIHO AO STOOHOS GHL OL GANVOT ASV) FAO Ad AL pie een SS * WNISNW- QTALd- JO-NOISNIINI-1O0HNS- OIG Nd-S : ; = A@- > QINVOT (so i RAR BAR 2 2 Se sa EE TE EES e- Sr: Del Xq powaayse yom 9 foo), pallu n-onyg ou “WAL G3DNIM-3N18 f war azonim-3ama EL PN PRE AS ET PPT TS WR Fe RCO Re ik, RANE Tiched NITX 28ld ‘ITA ‘IOA ‘sz10dexy AIOISIFT [RINJVN JO UuNasny PlPLT JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 437 has determined critically much Museum material, thus increasing its value. From the Herbarium there were sent out in 1928, in exchange, 8,975 specimens of plants. This material consisted in large part of duplicates from the G. F. Gaumer Yucatan collections, but included also a substantial number of specimens from the United States. The loans made from the Herbarium during the year amount to 3,682 specimens. Many of these were specimens of difficult groups of tropical American plants sent to specialists for deter- mination for the benefit of the Museum. Among those who have cooperated in the determination of critical material are Mr. Edwin B. Bartram, of Bushkill, Pennsylvania, in mosses; Professor Oakes Ames, of the Botanical Museum of Harvard University, in orchids; Dr. B. L. Robinson, of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, and Dr. 8S. F. Blake, of Washington, D. C., in Compositae; Dr. William Trelease, of Urbana, Illinois, in Piperaceae; Dr. William R. Maxon, of the United States National Museum, in ferns; Mr. Ellsworth P. Killip, of the United States National Museum, and Dr. Ivan M. Johnston, of the Gray Herbarium, in various groups of South American plants; Dr. C. L. Shear and Mr. John R. Steven- son, of the United States Department of Agriculture, in fungi; Mrs. Agnes Chase and Dr. A. S. Hitchcock, of the Department of Agri- culture, in grasses; Mr. Lyman B. Smith, of the Gray Herbarium, in Bromeliaceae; Dr. N. L. Britton, of the New York Botanical Garden, in various groups; and Dr. M. A. Howe, of the same insti- tution, in algae. Of the more important loans sent out upon request to persons wishing to study the specimens may be mentioned: 1,490 sheets of grasses of the genus Paspalum to Mrs. Agnes Chase, who is pre- paring a monograph on this group; 107 specimens of Phlox, to Dr. Edgar T. Wherry, of Washington, D. C.; thirty-seven numbers of Monochaetum, to Dr. H. A. Gleason, of the New York Botanical Garden; 114 specimens of Lobeliaceae, to the Natural History Museum of Vienna, for study by Mr. F. E. Wimmer; 120 speci- mens of South American plants to the Botanical Museum of Berlin, and sixty-four specimens of Apocynaceae to the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. It is especially pleasing to note the increasing use that is made each year of the Herbarium. The loans made to outside students prove that the importance of the Museum’s collections are recog- 438 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII nized elsewhere, and the same fact is indicated by the large number of correspondents who forward material for determination. Fre- quent requests are received, also, for the names of local plants brought to the Herbarium by visitors from the Chicago district. By mail there are received numerous requests for information covering many branches of botanical knowledge, requiring the expenditure of much time to furnish the necessary data. The Department of Botany has assisted in the work of other Depart- ments of the Museum by supplying information upon botanical matters. The Herbarium has enjoyed visits during the past year from a large number of botanists of the United States and foreign coun- tries who came to study the collections or to make the acquaintance of the Herbarium and its Staff. Dr. J. S. Enander of Lillhardal, Sweden, one of the leading authorities of the world upon the willows, spent two weeks in the Herbarium, studying the Salix collections and annotating them. Dr. Enander was commissioned by the Swedish government to make a trip around the world for the purpose of studying willows and obtaining living material of them for introduction into Sweden, where they are used for basket making. With the assistance of the Staff of the Department and friends of the Museum he obtained a collection of cuttings of the willows of the Chicago region for ship- ment to Sweden. The death of this noted willow specialist, within a few weeks of his visit to the Museum, is noted with regret. Mr. Charles C. Deam, State Forester of Indiana, Bluffton, Indiana, visited the Herbarium twice in order to obtain data for use in the preparation of an account of the grasses of his state. Dr. Cristobal Hicken, of Buenos Aires, one of the leading botanists of Argentina, visited the Museum in June, to familiarize himself with the Herbarium and the plant geography of the Lake Michigan dunes. Dr. C. R. Ball, of the United States Department of Agri- culture, studied the collection of American willows, upon which he is an authority. Professor Edgar Anderson, of the Missouri Botan- ical Garden, St. Louis, studied the Iris collection, and Mr. R. E. Woodson, of the same institution, studied the American plants of the family Apocynaceae. Mr. H. Teuscher, of the Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, visited the Herbarium in order to identify specimens of woody plants. Mrs. Eileen W. Erlanson, of the University of Michigan, studied the collections of American roses. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 439 Mr. G. 8. Wittrock, of the University of Washington, Seattle, was engaged for the greater part of the summer in the study of the species of Agoseris, a group of Compositae, and he revised the Museum’s extensive collections in this genus. The Museum borrowed from other herbaria a large number of specimens for use in the preparation of his monograph. Among other visitors to the Herbarium were Dr. Wilson Popenoe, Director of the Lancetilla Experiment Station of the United Fruit Company at Tela, Honduras; Professor F. L. Stevens, of the Uni- versity of Illinois; Mr. G. Proctor Cooper, of Yale School of Forestry; Professor H. E. Stork, of Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota; Professor L. A. Kenoyer, of Kalamazoo, Michigan; Mr. E. J. Palmer, of the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts; Dr. Ivan M. Johnston, of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University; Dr. Albert W. Herre, of Leland Stanford University, California; Mr. Willard N. Clute, of Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Mr. Edwin B. Bartram, of Bushkill, Pennsylvania. Several students of the University of Chicago also made use of the Herbarium. GEOLOGY.—Assistant Curator Sharat K. Roy, after completing his work as a member of the Rawson—MacMillan Subarctic Expedi- tion, went to Newfoundland in charge of a special expedition pro- vided for by the Captain Marshall Field fund. There he continued the work of collecting fossils and other geological specimens which had been begun in the previous year in Labrador and Baffin Land. The winter months he spent chiefly in preparing, labeling and packing the specimens from Baffin Land and Newfoundland that had been obtained in the year previous. A preliminary study of the Baffin Land fossils indicates that the fauna is of a later period than had previously been supposed. It is expected that the complete study of the material will throw much light on the paleontology and stratigraphy of the Ordovician period in the Arctic. Since the matrix of many of the specimens was delicate shale, their preparation required considerable time, but by painstaking care a fine series was made ready for study and exhibition. Col- lecting was resumed early in the spring and was continued until the middle of August. The area chiefly investigated in Newfound- land was the so-called ‘‘eastern region’”’ which included the “Avalon Peninsula” and that region lying between the eastern boundary of Notre Dame Bay on the northeast coast and the Bay d’Espoir on the south coast. The west coast was also visited. 440 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII The locality at Manuels gave the best results, more than four hundred specimens of the fossils of Upper and Middle Cambrian age being obtained there. In all, about two thousand specimens were collected during the season. These belonged to the classes Lamellibranchiata, Annelida, Gastropoda and Trilobita. A large proportion are trilobites of Middle and Upper Cambrian age, and because of their antiquity and rarity they are an important addition to the Cambrian collections of the Museum. Their importance is further increased by the fact that preliminary studies indicate that many new genera and species will be found among them. Remark- ably good preservation characterizes most of the fossils. The Cam- brian fossils are of unusual interest also because many of them can be closely correlated with those of Massachusetts, New Brunswick, Great Britain, France, Spain, Bohemia and Scandinavia. These correlations indicate definitely that an open marine passage existed between northeastern North America and northwestern Europe during Middle Cambrian time. A comprehensive collection was made also of the ores and min- erals of Newfoundland, twelve different localities being represented in the specimens secured. At Sydney, Nova Scotia, Mr. Roy rejoined the. Rawson—Mac- Millan Expedition on its return trip, and reached the Museum early in September. All the specimens which he obtained are of species new to the Museum collections. Through the courtesy of Judge George Bedford of Morris, Illinois, an opportunity was afforded to send Mr. J. B. Abbott of the Museum paleontological staff to visit several localities in Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota and Colorado from which vertebrate fossils had been reported. Judge Bedford not only generously donated the use of his car, but accompanied Mr. Abbott on the trip to these localities. The first point at which collections were made was near Winona, Kansas, where remains of a large Mosasaur had been reported to the Museum by Mr. Mentor Etnyer of the Etnyer Survey. This locality yielded a skull, lower jaws, paddle bones and some other skeletal parts of the large Mosasaur, Tylosaurus, all of which were carefully excavated and shipped to the Museum. A find of the horned dinosaur, Triceratops, near Camp Crook, South Dakota, was next investigated, but the specimen proved to be too poorly preserved to warrant removal. The party then pro- ceeded to the well-known locality for fossil mammals at Agate Springs, Nebraska. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 441 Here Mr. James Cook, owner of the property, kindly gave permission to excavate. About thirty cubic yards of sandstone were blasted out and removed in order to reach a fossil-bearing layer. From this, a slab seven feet long, four feet wide and fourteen inches thick was removed intact. This slab contains thickly assem- bled bones of Miocene rhinoceroses and associated animals. It is planned to exhibit this slab as a whole, after carefully exposing the bones to view. Besides this slab, five excellent skulls of the pair- horned rhinoceros, Diceratherium, were collected at the locality. The party then proceeded to Beecher Island, Colorado, where an- other find had been reported by the Etnyer Survey. A few reptilian bones were obtained there. The collection resulting from six weeks spent in the field in these localities is of much value. Associate Curator Henry W. Nichols made a brief trip to the oil fields at Lawrenceville, Illinois, in order to obtain data, sketches and photographs for use in constructing a model of an oil well for exhibition at the Museum. Through the kindness of Dr. M. M. Leighton, Chief of the Illinois State Geological Survey, Mr. E. R. Fritz of the Survey, who was thoroughly familiar with the field, was detailed to accompany Mr. Nichols and assist him in securing data. A number of the important wells in the district were visited, and about thirty photographs and many sketches showing details of the machinery and other features were made, all of which will be of much assistance in insuring accuracy and instructiveness in _ the model. Several series of fossils from those collected by the Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expeditions to South America have been placed in the hands of specialists for study and description. Dr. W. J. Sinclair of Princeton University has completed the study of a series of marsupial carnivores collected by the second expedition, and has submitted the manuscript of this study for publication by the Museum. Dr. W. B. Scott of Princeton University has in preparation an extended description of the extinct mammal Homalodontothervum, an animal of which a large part of a skeleton was obtained by the second expedition. This study will also be submitted for publication by the Museum. Dr. G. R. Wieland of Yale University has in hand a series of the cones of an Araucarian-like tree, probably of Triassic age, collected by the first expedition, the study of which is expected to throw much light on the origin of this group. Dr. Wieland spent a week at the Museum during the summer in the study of these cones. The results of his studies, it is expected, will soon be available for 442 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII publication by the Museum. The fossil bird remains collected by the second expedition have been placed in the hands of Dr. A. Wetmore of the United States National Museum for study and description, and a report of his conclusions is expected shortly. Dr. James H. C. Martens, the geologist of the First Rawson— MacMillan Subarctic Expedition, completed his studies of the series of sands which he collected in the regions visited, and his results are now in course of publication by the Museum. An illustrated lecture on mining in South America was given during the summer at the Museum by Associate Curator Nichols to members and guests of the local section of the American Institute of Mining Engineers. Associate Curator Elmer 8. Riggs gave a lecture, during the Museum’s spring course, on the fossils of the Valley of Tarija, Bolivia. The Curator and members of the Staff devoted a not inconsider- able amount of time to answering inquiries received by letter and in visits. Information was furnished in this way to 350 corre- spondents and sixty visitors. These requests were largely for identi- fication of minerals and fossils, but more general information also was often sought. ZOOLOGY.—The zoological work of the Rawson—MacMillan Sub- arctic Expedition of Field Museum was largely devoted to fishes and to efforts to obtain exhibition material of the larger mammals, such as seals and polar bears. The expedition reached Nain, Lab- rador, late in July, 1927, and after a period of unloading, sailed on August 9 for a three weeks’ stay in Baffin Land, where a circuit of Frobisher Bay was made. Opportunities for zoological collecting were very limited, and only a few specimens could be collected at this time. After returning to the station, near Nain, all hands were required for the work of building winter r quarters. Freezing weather then set in. Fishing through the ice was begun in January and carried on until about June 1, whenever weather permitted. Nets were set in the bay early in June and tended regularly during that and the following month. Dredging with a small dredge was done in July and August with very satisfactory results. Meanwhile, hunting and trapping for birds and mammals were carried on, and much time was devoted to hunting seals, a number of which were secured. Polar bears were not found in the vicinity of the station, and members of the expedition were not able to secure JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 443 specimens directly, but information was obtained by means of which specimens suitable for use in the preparation of a habitat group were acquired. The collection of smaller mammals, although not large, includes very desirable material. The same is true of the birds. Animal life on land was exceedingly scarce and difficult to obtain, having been subjected to one of those periodic depletions so well known in northern latitudes. : The result of the fish collecting was much more satisfactory. All the more common fishes were obtained in suitable quantity, and most of the rarer ones. The number of fish specimens is 1,500. Full notes on the habits, distribution and peculiarities of the fishes were taken, and excellent color sketches were made from the fresh material. A general collection of marine invertebrates, numbering 2,400 specimens, was preserved, together with a small number of insects. Zoological collecting in India was continued by Colonel J. C. Faunthorpe, from whom eighteen specimens of large mammals were received. These include selected examples of sambur deer, axis deer, Indian antelope and sloth bear, fulfilling needs for habitat groups to be installed in William V. Kelley Hall, devoted to Asiatic mammals. In addition to group material, Colonel Faunthorpe obtained several desirable specimens for the systematic exhibits, among them being examples of the Indian barking deer or muntjac, and the four-horned .antelope. Three large and important new zoological expeditions were organized during the year, all starting within a period of a few weeks in October and November. The William V. Kelley—Roosevelts Expedition to Eastern Asia, of Field Museum, which had been in preparation for some months, left the United States in two divisions, the first sailing from New York November 10, and the second from Vancouver, B. C., December 22. This expedition is the outgrowth of continued interest in Field Museum and in Asiatic exploration on the part of the brothers, Colonel Theodore Roosevelt and Kermit Roosevelt. It is planned on a similar scale to that of the previous James Simpson—Roosevelts Asiatic Expedition, and will undertake explorations which, to a certain extent, will supplement and enlarge those of that expedition. The expedition is sponsored and financed through the generous contribution of Mr. William V. Kelley of Chicago, president of the Miehle Printing Press and Manufacturing Company. Mr. Kelley, previously identified with Field Museum as a Patron, has been 444 FreLpD MusEuUM oF NATURAL HIsTORY—REPpPoRTS, VOL. VII added to the list of Benefactors. The first division of this expedition is being led by the Roosevelt brothers personally. Accompanying them are Mr. Suydam Cutting of New York, who will act as photo- grapher, and Mr. Herbert Stevens of London, England, zoological collector. These four men expect to work northward near the Tibetan border in the provinces of Yunnan and Szechuan in south- western China. This is an exceptionally rugged, mountainous country in which travel is likely to be slow and laborious. Thence, turning southward along the gorges of the Mekong River, the party will descend into northern French Indo-China where it will meet the second division. This second division has the following personnel: Mr. Harold J. Coolidge, Jr., of Pride’s Crossing, Massachusetts, mammalogist and division leader; Dr. Josselyn Van Tyne, of Ann Arbor, Michigan, ornithologist; Mr. Russell W. Hendee, of Brook- lyn, New York, mammalogist and artist; and Dr. Ralph E. Wheeler, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, physician and naturalist. This divi- sion will work intensively for some months, mainly in the northern and western parts of the province of Tonkin in northern French Indo-China. Much of this region is wholly unknown zoologically, and it is proposed to make a thorough study of its whole vertebrate fauna. The two divisions of the party, after meeting in central French Indo-China, will proceed as a body to the province of Cambodia for a collection of large mammals to complete the needs for habitat groups in William V. Kelley Hall. The expedition will remain in the field during the greater part of 1929. It enjoys the cooperation of the Paris Museum of Natural History and the British, French, Chinese and Siamese governments. The second important zoological expedition which set out in 1928 is the Crane Pacific Expedition of Field Museum, sponsored and accompanied by Mr. Cornelius Crane, who is a son of Mr. Richard T. Crane, Jr., a Trustee and Honorary Member of Field Museum. The expedition is traveling on Mr. Crane’s brigantine auxiliary yacht, the Illyria, recently built and especially fitted with laboratory, refrigeration, diving gear, and other equipment for zoo- logical collecting. The party is as follows: Assistant Curator Karl P. Schmidt, of Field. Museum, herpetologist and scientific leader; Dr. A. W. Herre, of Stanford University, ichthyologist; Dr. W. L. Moss, of Harvard University, physician and immunologist; Mr. Walter A. Weber, of Field Museum, artist and ornithologist; Mr. Frank C. Wonder, of Field Museum, taxidermist. Three friends of 'T 381d ‘ITA “IOA ‘8 qiodayxy NOILOMTIOO SHNOL "hd UNHLUV “D TIVH AO AIVH LSAM SoA eae an HO MATA AIOISIFT [BINAVN Jo umnesny Play JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 445 Mr. Crane also accompany the expedition, and will take charge of photography and act as assistants to the scientific staff. They are Mr. Sidney Shurtleff, of Boston; Mr. Murray Fairbank, of Boston; and Mr. Charles R. Peavy, of Mobile, Alabama. The expedition sailed from Boston on November 16. After stops at Bermuda, Haiti, and Panama, it entered the Pacific. The route is to cover many of the islands of the Pacific and the East Indies, the principal points being Galapagos, Marquesas, Tahiti, Fiji, Solomons, New Hebrides, New Guinea, Moluccas, Celebes, Borneo, Komodo, Lombok, Bali, Java, Saigon, Canton, Formosa, and Japan. The trip will occupy about one year, and collections in nearly all branches of zoology will be made. Reports received late in the year were to the effect that a brief stop of only a few days in Haiti had been very. successful, resulting in the preservation of some 400 specimens. The third new zoological expedition is the Harold White-John Coats Abyssinian Expedition of Field Museum which left New York in October. This is financed jointly by Captain Harold A. White of New York City and Major John Coats of Ayrshire, Scotland, both of whom accompany the expedition. A third principal member is Mr. C. J. Albrecht of Field Museum’s staff of taxidermists. Mr. George E. Carey, Jr., of Baltimore, also is a member of the party. In addition, there are several professional photographers from England and Germany who will make a special photographic record of the expedition’s operations. The object of the expedition is the general zoological exploration of southwestern Abyssinia in the district of Maji, and near Lakes Rudolf and Stefanie, a region which was not reached by the former Field Museum-—Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition. A special objective will be material for a large habitat group of the reticulated giraffe, which has its center of abundance in this region, and which is the finest and handsomest of the giraffes. The route of the expedition, therefore, will be southwestward from Addis Ababa to Maji, and thence to Lake Stefanie and around the north end of Lake Rudolf. In this vicinity, the party will divide, Mr. Albrecht taking one section with accumulated collections to rail- head in Kenya and returning via Nairobi, while Captain White and Major Coats strike northwestward through the province of Kafia, possibly returning via the Sobat River and the White Nile. King Tafari Makonnen, to whom Field Museum is already indebted for many favors in connection with its previous Abyssin- 446 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPorTs, VoL. VII ian expedition, has again been most courteous in according privileges and facilities for travel. This is deeply appreciated. The Department of Zoology had the following publications in press at the close of the year, as the result of research conducted by members of the Staff: Zoological Series, Catalogue of the Birds of the Americas, ellmayr. A Contribution to the Ornithology of Northeastern Brazil, by C. E. Hellmayr. Leaflet Series No. 10. The Truth About Snake Stories, by Karl P. Schmidt. Teste ence No. 11. Frogs and Toads of the Chicago Area, by Karl P. chmidt. The Department acknowledges very substantial assistance from Volunteer Assistant Charles Westcott, who has been in full time attendance, and has catalogued 3,676 birds, read and corrected proofs of several lengthy manuscripts, and otherwise aided in carrying on the routine of the Department. Following the general growth in recent years, the Staff has met with a great increase in miscellaneous routine which has made great inroads upon the time of every member. The demands from the public for information or assistance by letter, by telephone, and in person are vastly greater than formerly. Increased activities in exhibition work, in the conduct of expeditions, and in relations with other Departments of the Museum and with visitors from other museums both American and foreign, all combine to keep the Staff fully occupied. Part VI, by C. E. The following list indicates the various expeditions in the field during 1928: LOCALITY COLLECTORS MATERIAL KIsH, MESOPOTAMIA. ... Stephen Langdon Archaeological collections (Sixth season) L. C. Watelin Henry. Field T. K. Penniman René Watelin BRITISH HONDURAS..... J. Eric Thompson (Two expeditions) NorRTH ARABIAN Archaeological collections DESERT. oo). 3 0'v'c'e 010 Henry Field Archaeological collections Eric Schroeder PERU iy Siete eared ale tsis sis A. Weberbauer Botanical collections PANAMA Siar eeen angels tetas G Proctor Cooper Botanical collections INICARAGUAR oe eiecicerces F. C. Englesing Botanical collections NEWFOUNDLAND....... Sharat K. Roy Paleontological collections ABYSSINTAIAE) nieces ar Captain Harold A. White Zoological collections Major John Coats C. J. Albrecht George E. Carey, Jr. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 447 LUMI oo OR eee Colonel J.C. Faunthorpe Zoological collections LABRADOR AND BAFFIN LEAS Donald B. MacMillan Anthropological, botanical Alfred C. Weed geological and zoological Arthur G. Rueckert collections Sharat K. Roy William Duncan Strong Charles S. Sewall E. K. Langford, M. D. SOUTHEASTERN ASIA....COlonel Theodore Roose- Zoological collections (Two contingents) velt, and Kermit Roosevelt Harold Coolidge, Jr.* Suydam Cutting Herbert Stevens Josselyn Van Tyne Ralph E. Wheeler Russell W. Hendee PACIFIC ISLANDS AND EAST INDIES....... Cornelius Crane Zoological collections Karl P. Schmidt W.L. Moss, M.D. Albert W. Herre Charles R. Peavy Sidney N. Shurtleff Murray Fairbank Walter A. Weber Frank C. Wonder Leader of expedition named first in each case. *Leader, second contingent. ACCESSIONS ANTHROPOLOGY.—Accessions received and recorded during the year by the Department of Anthropology amount to fifty-one. Of these twenty-nine are by gift, eight as the result of expeditions, eight by exchange, and six by purchase. These accessions are from numerous parts of the world and aggregate a total of about 30,021 objects. The principal accessions of the year are herewith briefly reviewed. The collection secured by Assistant Curator Strong as anthro- pologist of the Rawson—MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of 1927-28 consists of some 280 objects from Eskimo archaeological sites, thirty- five present-day Eskimo carvings and implements, five hundred ethnological objects from the Naskapi Indians, and some thirty-five ancient Eskimo skeletons or parts thereof. ‘The archaeological material embraces in the main two periods relatively far apart in the history of the Labrador Eskimo. First, there are a large number of very ancient stone implements including both the chipped and polished stone techniques. Some spendidly chipped harpoon-points of translucent chalcedony and _ several 448 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpPortTs, VoL. V11 ground-stone ulus, or women’s knife-blades, are the most interest- ing. The second period is that of the earliest Christian missions on the coast (about the year 1770). Bone and ivory harpoon-points, well carved soapstone dishes and lamps, caribou antler implements, and abundant beads or carved ornaments are particularly well represented. In addition there are a number of iron tools and hunting implements of an early type. A small collection of artifacts from the modern Eskimo serves to bring this representation of ancient Eskimo life up to the present time. The skeletal material from ancient graves will be of great value in determining the physical characteristics of the older people on the coast, and when compared with the large series of modern Eskimo measurements secured by the expedition, will show the modifications that have taken place due to hybridization and changed conditions of life. The collection from the Naskapi Indians illustrates nearly all phases of the life of these interesting and primitive American hunters. Their clothing is well represented, including their finely painted coats and leggings. Naskapi beadwork, which was obtained in con- siderable quantities, is remarkable both for its beauty and for the unigue character of the designs, which seem to be rather different from the general type of northeastern Indian art. Wooden bows and crossbows, arrows of various types, stabbing spears for killing caribou in the water, and fishing implements, all serve to demon- strate the manner in which the Indians secure a living in their barren environment. The crossbows are of especial interest as not being truly native, but as having been copied from European ex- amples in colonial times. Skin-dressing tools, native types of knives, well-made snowshoes, toboggans, games of various sorts, and a large number of drawings made by the Naskapi themselves complete the collection. These sketches will be of great interest to the student of Indian art, depict- ing as they do the life of the people as they themselves see and portray it. On the whole this collection, in conjunction with a similar collection purchased from Dr. Frank G. Speck of Philadelphia, who secured it from the Montagnais of southern Labrador, will give the Museum a very representative exhibit of this culture area. A small collection of articles of clothing, household utensils, and snowshoes from the Penobscot Indians, Maine, who are closely related to the Naskapi, was purchased also from Dr. Speck, who JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 449 obtained it as the result of an ethnological investigation of this tribe. A beaded blanket stripe, a pair of beaded moccasins, and a pipe-bag beaded with quilled fringe, from the Sioux Indians of Dakota, were obtained through purchase. The collections obtained by the Captain Marshall Field First Archaeological Expedition to British Honduras under the leader- ship of Assistant Curator Thompson are more comprehensive than any ever made in that country in one season. They consist of about 130 objects, chiefly of pottery, stone, jade, coral, obsidian, and shell. Larger jade objects were found in votive caches buried in the tops of temples, and were probably placed there as dedicatory offerings on the completion of the pyramids. One of the finest pieces of its kind is a small jade mask showing a Maya head in profile probably worn as a breast-ornament. Examples were obtained of ear-plugs which the Mayas wore in the lobes of their ears. These were made of jade for the wealthy and of pottery for the poor. Bone ornaments and feather pendants were inserted in the holes in the center of the ear-plugs. The area explored by the expedition proved to be rich in objects of shell. Weapons were very rare. Obsidian, which was imported from farther south, also was rare. Coral traded from the coast was found in one of the votive caches, and was undoubtedly much prized by the Mayas. The pottery obtained by the expedition is of great value in making possible establishment of a sequence of periods in the development of Maya civilization. Of a Maya altar stone found at Hatzcap Ceel, a portion unfor- tunately is missing, but the half of it now in the Museum shows a very well carved captive, probably the victim to be sacrificed on the dedication of the monument. The Mayas had a custom of erecting a monument to mark the passage of every five or ten years. The altar in question was erected to commemorate the close of five years from the opening of the tenth cycle. A series of excellently carved glyphs in a very good state of preservation gives the calendar round date 13 Ahau 13 Uo. The position that this occupies in the long count is 10.0.5.0.0. There follows a day 7 Ahau which pre- sumably represents the previous Katun ending, and highly important cycle-ending date 10.0.0.0.0. 7 Ahau 18 Zip. This date may corre- spond to February 18, A.D. 835. The style of the glyphs appears to require an earlier date, for they are excellently carved, but possibly at this provincial center 450 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REporRTS, VOL. VII. art continued to flourish at its highest level long after signs of deca- dence were making their appearance in other cities. There are now known to have been a series of cities with dated monuments running along the north and south line, which now forms the frontier between British Honduras and Guatemala. In the north are situated Cax Uinic and Benque Viejo, in the center Hatzcap Ceel, and in the south Pusilha, where a series of stelae were discovered during 1927 by a Field Museum expedition. Through the generosity of Mrs. Chauncey B. Borland of Chicago the Museum obtained one of the most remarkable objects received this year—a fossil turtle of the Miocene period found in Shen-si Province, China. The carapace of the turtle is covered with six delicately traced inscriptions revealing the earliest stage of Chinese script which is identical with that found on the famous oracle bones of Ho-nan. The tortoise, in the estimation of the ancient Chinese, was a divine animal endowed with supernatural qualities and the gift of predicting the future. At a very remote period the shell of the tortoise was one of the chief elements in the art of divin- ation. The shell was scorched over a fire, and the cracks thus arising yielded a picture foreshadowing future events. The oldest forms and examples of Chinese writing are preserved on tortoise-shell fragments containing questions addressed to soothsayers and the answers given. Anexamination made of the fossil turtle by Assistant Curator Karl P. Schmidt, of the Department of Zoology, showed that it represents an unknown species of the genus Testudo. ‘Thus it has a bearing on three sciences—paleontology, zoology, and archaeology. Important additions were made during the year to the Museum’s collection of ancient Chinese jades. Mrs. William H. Moore of New York (formerly of Chicago) contributed twelve choice archaic pieces of the Chou and Han periods: an outstanding mace of dark gray jade clouded with brown and russet spots and decorated with the seven stars of the dipper; a ceremonial axe-head of yellow jade engraved alike on both sides with delicate tracings of animals and geometric designs; another axe-head of light gray and green translucent jade, of very early date; a unique disk of green and brown jade decorated on both sides with different designs derived from the ornamentation of archaic bronzes; two green jade dragons, one from the late Wu Ta-ch‘eng’s renowned collection; a semicircular double dragon; a gray jade carving of a tiger; three jade carvings of fishes of naturalistic style, and a very rare spike of brown and yellow jade in the form of a pyramid. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 451 Nine remarkable pieces of jade are part of another gift received during the year. They include a magnificent plaque exhibiting a dragon-face vigorously carved in high relief; an unusually large gray disk decorated with interlaced bands and spiral designs; three kwet pi (combination of mace with disk) used in the worship of sun, moon, and stars, of the Han, Tang and Sung periods, respectively; a plaque fashioned into the figure of a bird, of the Chou period; a decorated sword-hilt of the Han period; a flask with cover, of the Sung period, interesting as the forerunner in type of the later snuff- bottles, and a pair of exquisite white jade bracelets of the T‘ang dynasty. In addition to the jade collection this gift includes a coin- mold and an imperial ceremonial silk robe, made for the temple of Lt Tsu in Peking as the presentation of an emperor, and used for clothing the statue of this god at the celebration of his birthday. This collection of jade and other objects was acquired through joint subscriptions from the American Friends of China, Mrs. George T. Smith, Miss Kate S. Buckingham, and Messrs. Martin A. Ryerson, John Jay Abbott, Charles B. Goodspeed, Henry M. Wolf, and _ Martin C. Schwab, all of Chicago. _Dr. Albion W. Small of Chicago presented a blackwood statuette of the Chinese god of longevity, decorated with cranes and “‘longe- vity” characters inlaid in silver wire. Two Korean jars of celadon pottery of the thirteenth century were presented by Mrs. Douglas Smith of Hubbard Woods, Illinois, who likewise gave a Japanese vase glazed in two colors made by Ninsei. Three interesting Japanese bronze vases are a gift of Mr. Maurice F. Sullivan of Chicago. Two colored wooden statuettes of good quality, representing Buddhistic monks and provided with a date that corresponds to A.D. 1755, were given by Mr. Corwith Cramer of Lake Forest, Illinois. Dr. I. W. Drummond of New York presented an album, bound in leather, containing twenty-four photographs of Japanese sword-guards and sword-mounts in his private collection. : Fabrics, articles of clothing,a mat, bracelets, a bolo, and a betel-nut holder from various tribes of the Philippines were contributed by Mr. Frank W. Sebring of Washington, D.C. An interesting collection of costumes and utensils from the wild tribes of the island of Formosa was acquired by purchase. A very fine old piece of decorated Hawaiian tapa, formerly the property of a chief, was bought. The Walter Field Company, Chicago, 452 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII presented a piece of tapa from Samoa, decorated with geometric designs in the center and a vine painted on the border. An extra- ordinary drum from the Marquesas Islands was secured through an exchange with the American Museum of Natural History, New York. The drum is carved out of a tree trunk, and is more than seven feet high. Such drums were kept in temples and beaten to summon the tribesmen to a religious gathering at which the principal ceremony frequently was the offering of human sacrifices to the gods. The drummer had to stand on a stone platform about four feet high to reach the drum-head, which is made from the tightly stretched skin of a giant ray. The skin was beaten with the drummer’s knuckles. These drums are scarce now; it is believed that not more than four are in existence. A group of twenty-one valuable objects, chiefly from Polynesia, was received as an exchange with the Department of Ceramics and Ethnography of the British Museum, London. The collection includes some very rare articles made by the ancient Maori of New Zealand; a finely carved model of an old type canoe;.a wooden box, decorated with beautiful carved designs, for preserving feathers; a kilt, and three cloaks of so-called New Zealand flax; two old wooden clubs from Fiji; a paddle club from the Marquesas; a spear-shaped club from the Hervey Islands; samples of tapa from Hawaii and Fotuna, and eight stone celts from Ashanti, West Africa. The Museum’s ethnological collections from Australia have been augmented by a welcome gift from Mrs. J. F. Connelly of Perth, West Australia, comprising four emu-feather plumes used by the aborigines for personal ornament; two bone pins worn through the septum of the nose; two bone implements for making fine serrations round the edges of stone spear-heads, and a pointing bone. The last-named is exceptionally interesting because of its use in magical ceremonies. The medicine-man, or any other person wishing to injure an enemy, repairs to the bush, taking with him this long slender bone. The instrument is held in the direction of the enemy’s camp, while a curse is uttered. A pair of so-called kurdaitcha shoes, purchased from Mrs. Connelly, consists of bundles of emu feathers bound with human hair. Yet, in spite of their harmless appearance, they were in time past part of the medicine-man’s equipment when tracking a foe. The shoes are the same shape at each end, a fact which may render the medicine-man safe from detection. There would be difficulty in determining direction from such tracks, and the spoor could not OZIS [BINJBU YYOIZUIM}-OUO0 YNOGY Jassoliy sniyne Aq AWlopixe,y, [l@H uvuyng * e8100%5y daaHS NIVINOQOW NVOTUANV A10ASIFT [BINJVN JO UNesnT PIT lad JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 453 be said to indicate any particular culprit. While wearing these feather sandals, the medicine-man sings a spell which translates to “Shoes to me stick fast.”’ A great amount of material shipped from Basra, Irak, was received in July as the result of the last season’s excavations of the Field Museum—Oxford University Expedition to Kish. The collection comprises numerous pottery vessels, plain or decorated, with painted designs, a large series of clay figurines, tablets, tiles and bricks, _ sixty copper and bronze implements, six stone vessels, numerous flints and stone implements, a bone stylus, beads and other jewelry, chariot wheels, a great number of skulls, and more than two hundred skeletons. About twenty-four skulls from Kish were sent by Professor Stephen Langdon of Oxford. The painted pottery vessels which were recovered from the graves in fragments are now in the process of being restored with the prospect of securing several complete and exceedingly fine vases. Gold and copper objects also are numerous. The Captain Marshall Field First and Second Archaeological Expeditions to the North Arabian Desert, conducted by Assistant Curator Henry Field, brought home more than fifteen thousand flint implements and flakes of both paleolithic and neolithic type, stones bearing Arabic tribal marks, and an inscribed door-lintel exceeding 200 pounds in weight from the Roman fortress Qasr Buraa. Mr. and Mrs. Michael Carmona, of Chicago, who lived for many years at Constantinople, presented the Museum with an outfit of a Turkish bride of the old days, consisting of a wrapper of tussah silk, a white shawl embroidered with six medallions of floral designs in colored and gold threads, a diaphanous silk night-gown with embroidered white silk collar worn during the wedding night, a towel embroidered with Turkish sentences and wrapped by the bride around her hair, a pair of wooden shoes with high heels, and an ivory comb toothed on both sides. A Persian woman’s costume consisting of three pieces, cotton trousers, green silk coat, and green velvet jacket, is the gift of Dr. Susan Moody of Teheran, Persia. Mrs. Edward E. Ayer of Chicago presented a red marble bust of Artemis in Greco-Roman archaistic style, acquired many years ago by her late husband in Florence, Italy. From his expedition to western Europe Assistant Curator Field brought back ten thousand prehistoric flint and bone implements and other objects excavated chiefly in different parts of France. Among the most important objects purchased is a middle Aurignacian necklace consisting of perforated beads of mammoth ivory, fox-teeth, 454 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII shells, and small pebbles. This was excavated in the cave of La Souquette near Les Eyzies in the Dordogne region of France. The entire range of the paleolithic periods is very well represented by the collection of flint implements resulting from this expedition, which include a series of fine “‘laurel-leaf’’ (Solutrian) blades. Where- ever possible, a complete collection of flint and bone implements and casts of animal remains found in one limited locality were purchased, so as to render the collections of greater scientific value and interest. The majority of the rarest prehistoric objects of France are in the Musée National at St. Germain-en-Laye near Paris; casts of most of these were purchased. Further, casts of all the remains of paleolithic man found throughout the world were obtained through Damon and Company in London and Dr. F. Krantz of Bonn, Germany. A set of casts of a frieze of animals found at Le Roc in the Charente by Dr. Henri Martin of Paris was also acquired. Exchanges made during the year with the Logan Museum, Beloit, Wisconsin, and Mr. Harry G. Beasley of London, England, have. resulted in the acquisition of two small but valuable collections from Africa. The ethnological objects received from the Logan Museum were collected by Professor George L. Collie and his staff in southern Algeria and the Hoggar Mountains, a somewhat inaccessible region in the northern Sahara. This collection of sixty-eight objects relates to the culture of the Tuaregs, a tribe engaged chiefly in breeding camels and carrying on the caravan trade of the Sahara. In this collection the most valuable object is a large shield of oryx hide, ornamented with ancient and intricate designs. Several locks of brass and wood are of a pattern traceable to ancient Egypt. Baskets of the coiled type, richly ornamented leather goods, and a pottery drum are welcome acquisitions. A small group of personal ornaments includes a stone armlet of ancient pattern, valuable alike for its antiquity and excellent workmanship. From the collections of Mr. Beasley, Field Museum acquired a set of 122 small brass weights from Ashanti on the west coast of Africa. These were used in time past for weighing gold dust in the presence of the king. They are cast by the lost-wax process, and their forms are interesting in relation to the plant and animal life of the country. Other objects of interest in this collection are a well-carved wooden mask from the Yoruba and a peculiar human fetish figure from Gaboon near the mouth of the Congo. From the JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 455 same locality are derived three ornamental ivory combs and a tobacco-pipe of ancient style. Dr. James Walker of Chicago presented three articles of clothing worn by men of distinction among the Bakongo people of West Africa. The two caps are elaborately woven from very fine fiber, said to have been prepared from pineapple leaves. The shoulder cape is skillfully woven from fine fibers of raffia-palm leaf. Mr. Arthur Fuchs of Chicago presented a pair of Zulu bracelets which are a good example of the plaiting of fine silver and copper wire made by that tribe. : An exchange with the Rhodesian Museum, Bulawayo, Africa, resulted in the acquisition of nine large and one small stone imple- ments of the early paleolithic period from Rhodesia. This is an interesting group representing the Chellean and Acheuilean types of South Africa. An exchange with the South African Museum of Cape Town yielded a collection of archaeological material which rounds out the Museum’s South African paleolithic collections. Bone implements, suggestive of the Solutrian period of Europe and the Capsian of North Africa, as well as an enormous coup de poing, the second largest on record from South Africa, are worthy of special mention. A number of ethnological objects from various tribes such as the Bush- men and Kaffir are included in this collection. They are all good, are old, and are suitable for exhibition. Many of them represent types no longer obtainable in their country of origin. By purchase from Dr. Neville Jones, Bulawayo, Rhodesia, who is the foremost living authority on the stone age of South Africa, there was obtained a collection comprising more than a hundred objects illustrating all the important types of stone implements found in South Africa, properly identified as to location and culture. It is the most complete collection of the sort that has been brought to the United States, and forms an important addition to the Museum’s collections. By exchange with the Kimberley Museum there was secured a small but valuable collection of Bushmen ethnological and archaeo- logical material. Many of these objects are of types no longer obtainable. In view of the fact that the Museum has previously had no Bushmen material, this is a welcome addition. With funds of the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Mada- gascar some Rhodesian ethnological material was acquired, mostly 456 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VII from the Barotse tribe. It includes baskets, wood-carvings, weapons, pottery, musical instruments, and a good series of fur cloaks made from the skins of various animals, previously lacking in the Museum. Five of these robes have been placed on exhibition. Seven Zulu tobacco-pipes of types not previously in the Museum were given by Dr. Ralph Linton. In addition to the material accessioned last year, about 1,500 objects from the Bara, Tanala, Betsileo, and Imerina tribes of Madagascar were received this year from the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Madagascar in charge of Dr. Linton. Especially noteworthy are fine wood carvings and brass castings from the Bara and an unusually complete Tanala collection illustrating practically all known types of artifacts produced by this tribe. Three large iron lamps, one of these the property of the last Betsileo king; a ceremonial axe, emblem of royalty among the Betsileo; two royal robes of silk heavily beaded, the only ones which have ever left — the island; about fifty other robes of wild silk and cotton, and four magnificent carved panels are the outstanding features of the Betsileo collection. The Imerina material consists of a number of fine blankets of domestic silk and a huge blanket of wild silk woven by an Imerina princess to be used as her shroud, one of the best examples of Imerina weaving extant. Most of this Imerina material has been placed on exhibition. BOTANY.—The number of specimens received by the Depart- ment of Botany in 1928 was 21,864, an increase of 6,946 over the specimens reported for 1927. The number of accessions was 241. Of the specimens mentioned, 1,930 were additions to the economic collections, consisting in large part of wood samples. The remainder, amounting to 19,934 specimens, were herbarium specimens. Of the herbarium specimens, 2,900 were presented by friends of the Museum; 11,155 were received in exchange from various institu- tions and individuals; 3,900 were purchased, and nearly 2,000 were acquired as the result of Museum expeditions. Professor Samuel J. Record, Research Associate in Wood Tech- nology for the Museum, and professor at the Yale School of Forestry, has continued to contribute herbarium material of tropical American timber trees, and during 1928 forwarded 371 specimens, chiefly from Central America. Particularly worthy of mention among these was a collection made on the east coast of Nicaragua by Mr. F. C. Englesing, of the Bragmans Bluff Lumber Company, which has JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 457 proved of special interest because it contained numerous woody plants unknown to science. Mr. Englesing’s collections were made in a part of Nicaragua in which no collecting had been done before. Professor Record submitted several collections from British Honduras which, like earlier ones, demonstrated the wealth of vegetation in that country, for every consignment contained at least one or two undescribed plants. The Museum’s Illinois Herbarium was increased by several notable additions. Mr. H. C. Benke, of Chicago, after a season of diligent botanizing in the state, presented 521 specimens which will help to fill the gaps in that collection, and to supply needed infor- mation regarding the distribution of the rarer members of the Illinois flora. Mr. Robert Ridgway of Olney, Illinois, generously donated 332 specimens from Richland County, Illinois, among which are represented many of the less common members of the state flora. Study of his collection revealed a new hybrid blazing- star (laatris) and a new form of the common yellow pond-lily (Nup- har advena). Mr. L. R. Tehon, of the Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois, presented 103 specimens, mostly of woody plants. From Dr. Martha Anderson of South Bend, Indiana, there were received 200 specimens collected in Illinois and Michigan, and from Mrs. M. R. Jacobs of Riverside, Illinois, three plants gathered at Hins- dale, Illinois. Miss Mary Bremer of Crown Point, Indiana, presented speci- mens of several rare plants of the Dunes region of Lake and Porter Counties, Indiana, among them a rare variety of aster and a new form of the red cedar (Juniperus virginiana). As a gift from Dr. C. E. Hellmayr of the Department of Zoology nine specimens of rare orchids were received. Miss Nellie V. Haynie of Oak Park, Illinois, contributed material of several unusual plants of the Chicago region, among them albino-fruited forms of the black raspberry and choke-cherry, unknown heretofore from this flora. The Museum was fortunate in receiving as gifts a large number of plants from Mexico, and Central and South America, the regions from which new study material is most desired. Most of these collections were sent for the purpose of obtaining determinations of the plants. From Dr. C. A. Purpus of Zacuapam, Mexico, there were received seventy-two plants from the State of Veracruz, Mexico, and from Dr. Blas P. Reko of Indé, Durango, Mexico, forty-two specimens from the State of Durango, a part of Mexico 458 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VIi which is almost unknown botanically. Mr. Charles F. Henderson of Berkeley, California, presented an interesting series of fifty-seven plants, mostly from Mexico. These were collected as the host-plants of insects under study by the donor, and include several rare members of the pigweed family. As a contribution to the little-known flora of British Honduras it was particularly gratifying to receive from Dr. J. S. Karling of Honey Camp, Orange Walk, British Honduras, seventy-six speci- mens collected in the northern part of the colony. Mr. C. R. Lundell, of the Institute for Plant Research in Tropical America, Washington, D. C., forwarded 144 specimens from the same country, among them numerous latex-yielding plants. Dr. Salvador Calderon, of the Laboratories of the Department of Agriculture of Salvador, presented 110 specimens of Salvadorean plants, several of which were additions to the flora of that republic as published a few years ago by Dr. Calderon and Associate Curator Standley. Professor L. A. Kenoyer of Kalamazoo, Michigan, sent to the Museum thirty-five specimens and photographs of plants of Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, for use in the preparation of a second list of the plants of this island by Professor Kenoyer and Associate Curator Standley, which is being published by Field Museum. Eight specimens of rare plants were received from Mr. James Zetek of Ancon, Canal Zone. The Department of Agriculture of Guatemala presented twenty-eight specimens of plants from the high mountains of that country. Mr. C. H. Lankester sent from Costa Rica eleven specimens of mosses, which have been determined through the courtesy of Mr. Edwin B. Bartram of Bushkill, Penn- sylvania. From Peru were received collections which will be useful for the flora of that country now being written by Assistant Curator J. Francis Macbride. Professor Fortunato L. Herrera, of Cuzco, Peru, well-known student of the Peruvian flora, presented 126 specimens from the wet tropical mountains, for use in the prepara- tion of this work, and Mr. Oscar Haught of Negritos, Peru, gave forty-four interesting plants from the arid region of that locality. Both of these collections are particularly welcome because they come from localities not represented otherwise in the Museum’s Peruvian herbarium. Dr. Earl E. Sherff, of Chicago, as in previous years, has donated to the Herbarium valuable material, and in the past year contri- buted eighty-five sheets, mostly species of Bidens, a group of Com- JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 459 positae of which he is preparing a monographic account. Professor A. O. Garrett of Salt Lake City, Utah, presented a desirable series of 151 specimens illustrating the flora of Utah. From the recently established Witte Memorial Museum, of San Antonio, Texas, through the courtesy of Mrs. Ellen Schulz Quillin, a comprehen- sive collection of 465 Texas plants, including material of two new varieties was received. Twelve specimens of willows, representing critical species in this difficult group, were received as a gift from Dr. C. R. Ball, of Washington, D. C., the leading American authority upon this genus, and twelve specimens of Ohio plants were presented by the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, through the courtesy of Mr. George F. Simmons. From the veteran collector of the southern fiora, Professor Albert Ruth, of Fort Worth, Texas, there were received thirty-four Texas plants. In December Mrs. Florence Patterson of Oquawka, Illinois, arranged for the deposit in the Department of Botany of Field Museum of the botanical correspondence of the late Harry N. Patterson. This generous gift will supplement admirably the Patter- son Herbarium which was acquired by the Museum some years ago. Mr. Patterson had a wide acquaintance among American botanists, and the correspondence and other papers doubtless con- tain a large amount of historical material. This collection is now at Carthage College, Carthage, Illinois, where, in compliance with the donor’s wishes, it may be retained two years for study purposes. Several large lots of plants were received in exchange during 1928. The most important accession of the year consisted of 8,805 specimens, many of them mounted, transmitted by the National Herbarium of the United States National Museum, through the courtesy of Dr. William R. Maxon. The material consisted chiefly of tropical American plants, and added to the Herbarium a large number of species which were not represented before. The largest item in this accession consisted of 4,150 plants from Honduras, which constitute a practically complete set of the collections made in that country in the winter of 1927-28 by Associate Curator Standley. The Honduran collection is now being studied in Field Museum, and will serve as the basis of a flora of the Lancetilla Valley, publication of which may be expected in the near future. The series appears to be rich in new plants, and already twenty-five new species of Piper and Peperomia have been indicated in it by Dr. William Trelease of Urbana, Illinois. 460 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII From the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, there was received in exchange an exceptionally valuable set of Colombian plants—647 specimens—collected many years ago by F. C. Lehmann. This collection, along with other recent ones, has added to the Herbarium many South American species not represented previously. The California Academy of Sciences, through Miss Alice East- wood, forwarded as an exchange a desirable lot of 415 specimens, mostly from Lower California. The Gray Herbarium, of Harvard University, through Dr. B. L. Robinson, Director, with customary generosity, transmitted 659 plants, nearly all from Europe. Brother Marie-Victorin, of Montreal, in continuation of former sendings, forwarded eighty-six specimens collected by himself in the still little- known districts of eastern Canada. From the Universitetets Botaniske Museum of Copenhagen, through Dr. Carl Christensen, there was received a particularly valuable series of 276 specimens, consisting of plants collected in Venezuela by Eggers and Warming, and of the classic collections obtained nearly one hundred years ago in Mexico and Central America by Liebmann and Oersted, among them a quantity of invaluable type material. From the Hungarian National Museum were received in exchange one hundred specimens, beautifully pre- pared and informatively labeled, of the exsiccatae issued by that institution to illustrate the flora of Hungary. The Botanic Station of Brignoles, France, sent ten specimens and packets of seeds. The latter have been transmitted by Field Museum to the Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, for propagation. The Museum has been able to secure by purchase several im- portant and extremely useful plant collections from tropical America, and these, together with others obtained by gift and exchange, have made a very large contribution to the representation of tropical American flora in the Herbarium. Among the more important purchases were 298 plants collected in Argentina by Mr. 8. Venturi, of Tucuman, Argentina, among which are many species new to the Herbarium. One of the most successful collectors of South America, Dr. Otto Buchtien, of La Paz, Bolivia, collected 300 specimens in Bolivia which have added appreciably to the Museum’s extensive representation of the Bolivian flora. Another Bolivian collection purchased consisted of 300 plants collected in the Province of Santa Cruz by Mr. Jose Steinbach of Buenavista, Bolivia. Coming from a province previously unexplored, Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate LII MISTLETOE A parasitic plant of the southern United States Installed in Hall of Plant Life (Hall 29) Reproduced in Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories One-half natural size “9 JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 461 this collection is proving to be surprisingly rich in undescribed plants, as well as in species not reported heretofore from Bolivia. A useful collection obtained during the year consists of 145 plants collected by Dr. Guillermo Herter of Asuncion in Uruguay, a country almost without representation in North American her- baria. Through the courtesy of Dr. H. A. Gleason of the New York Botanical Garden, there were obtained eighty-six plants collected in British Guiana by Mr. J. S. de la Cruz, Georgetown, British - Guiana, in continuation of a large series procured from the same collector in former years. From Mr. W. E. Broadway of Port of Spain, there were received 300 plants from the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. Of outstanding value among the accessions was a collection of 959 specimens of Mexican plants, received from Mrs. Ynes Mexia of San Francisco. They were obtained in the Sierra Madre in the states of Jalisco and Nayarit, mostly in localities not visited by any earlier collector. The collection was named chiefly by Associate Curator Standley, and was found to contain numerous new species as well as material of many plants which are extremely rare in herbaria. There were purchased 338 plants collected in Haiti by Mr. Walter J. Eyerdam, of Seattle, Washington. Very few plants from this portion of the island of Hispaniola have found their way into Amer- ican herbaria, and the collection helps to fill certain omissions in the Herbarium’s rich series of the West Indian flora, acquired in large part by the field work of the late Dr. C. F. Millspaugh. The United States section of the Herbarium was improved by the addition of 360 plants gathered in Texas by Professor Albert Ruth, of Fort Worth, Texas; by 200 selected specimens of Oregon plants purchased from Mr. J. W. Thompson, of Seattle, Washington; and by 100 California specimens obtained from Mr. A. A. Heller, of Chico, California. From Mr. Titus Ulke, of Washington, D. C., were received 336 plants collected in the course of his work in Yoho Park, British Colombia. From Professor Carl Eling, of Los Angeles, there were purchased one hundred photographs of type specimens existing in European herbaria. Photographs like these are of the greatest value for study purposes, since usually they are nearly as satisfactory as the speci- mens themselves for comparison in the determination of critical material. 462 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VoL. VII Mr. G. Proctor Cooper, of the Captain Marshall Field Expedi- tion to Panama, 1928, collected about 1,100 specimens of Panama plants, which are described more fully in preceding pages. Besides the set of these plants deposited in the Museum Herbarium there remains a quantity of duplicates for distribution to other institutions. During the past year Mr. C. S. Sewall and Assistant Curator A. C. Weed, of the Rawson—MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of Field Museum, obtained 678 specimens of plants, mostly from Labrador. This collection, supplemented by an equally large number obtained in 1926 and 1927, gives to the Herbarium a substantial representation from this region. It is gratifying to note the interest evinced by the lumber and wood-working industries, as well as by various individuals and other institutions, in the wood collections of the Museum, as evi- denced by the substantial donations of valuable specimens during the year. The Yale University School of Forestry donated a collection con- sisting of 1,600 authentically identified hand-specimens of tropical woods which augments the reference collection considerably. The Museum reciprocated by sending exchange shipments for study and other purposes. The Government Forest Service of Burma, India, forwarded a shipment composed of 178 identified wood samples of that country. The Jacob Bayer Lumber Company of New York City donated a board of black cherry. Samples of the well-known koa wood, in addition to the wooden parts of a ukelele and a finished instrument, were presented by the Hawaiian Mahogany Company of Hawaii. Twenty-nine boards and planks of important commercial woods from various tropical countries were presented by the C. H. Pearson and Son Hardwood Company, New York City, to be placed on exhibition. A collection composed of 260 hand-specimens of tropical woods was secured from the Panama region by Mr. G. Proctor Cooper, who undertook the exploration of certain districts of that area in cooperation with the Museum. In addition, a log of the rare and highly-colored ‘‘bloodwood cacique’”’ was obtained for exhibition purposes. | A board of Honduras rosewood was received from J. C. Deagan, Incorporated, Chicago, manufacturers of chimes and xylophones. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 463 The United Fruit Company of Boston donated a board of similar wood. A pod of Peruvian mahogany, collected by Mr. George Barrel, president of the Aguna Mahogany and Timber Company of Boston, and forwarded by the Yale School of Forestry, furnishes the Museum with the first authentic specimen of the true mahogany of the upper Amazon region. Mr. W. E. Bletsch of Highland Park, Illinois, an Associate Member of the Museum, again demonstrated his interest in the study of woods by augmenting the reference collection with several samples of foreign woods. Through Professor Record a very interesting exhibit of the wood and latex of the remarkable Guatemala cow-tree, was received. This particular tree, Cowma guatemalensis Standley, is limited in its distribution to the Puerto Barrios district of Guatemala. On making incisions in the bark a creamy white sap, resembling milk in appear- ance, exudes, and when allowed to dry it becomes sticky. The natives, who are familiar with this latex, use it occasionally like cream in coffee, or combine it with sugar to make a sweetmeat. - Cones of white pine were presented by the Botany Department of Yale University and Mr. Huron H. Smith of the Milwaukee Public Museum. The bark of a leguminous tree, “‘cascara amarga,”’ extensively used for medicinal purposes in South America, was presented by Mr. O. A. Farwell of Parke, Davis and Company, Detroit. A police baton made of lignum-vitae from Panama was received from Mr. Thomas G. Sutherland, Chicago. The Archers Company, of Pinehurst, North Carolina, donated wood specimens of Torrey cedar and Florida yew. Through the courtesy of Mr. D. Basnett, the Lacey Securities Company, of Chicago, contributed several hand-specimens of woods from Chile and Brazil. Specimens of Osage orange wood were secured for the Museum by Messrs. M. R. Clynes and N. E. Becker of Chicago, and presented by them. One of the most interesting wood specimens added to the exhi- bition material during the year was the so-called pink ivory donated by Professor Samuel J. Record. This rare sample was cut out of a log secured, after repeated attempts, by Mr. Rudolph Block of New York City. 464 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII The tree producing this beautiful pinkish wood is Rhamnus Zeyhert Sond., of the Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae), and grows in scrub forests or hot thorn-veld valleys in Zululand and neigh- boring regions. Ordinarily, it does not exceed twenty feet in height, and has a slender trunk that rarely attains one foot in diameter. The Kaffir name for the wood is “‘umini,”’ while the Zulus refer to it as ““umgoloti.” Because of its scarcity and color, the wood has been highly prized by the Zulus, and under the old tribal custom, still prevailing in the interior districts, the trees were not allowed to be cut. Asa symbol of regal authority only the head of the royal house was entitled to carry a stick of “umgoloti,’”’ and infringement of this peculiar privilege was punishable by death. History recites that the Zulu king, Dingaan, who was vanquished by the Boers, invar- lably carried a spear of pink ivory. After his defeat he was put to death with this weapon, at his own request, by his henchmen. Through the courtesy of Mr. O. F. Phillips of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, United States Department of Agriculture, a tray of standard barley grains for the United States was supplied for the grain exhibit in Hall 25. The tray includes four samples of two-rowed barley—Hannah, Haunchen, Swanhalz and Chevalier; and eleven samples of six-rowed barley—Manchuria, Oderbrucker, Tenessee winter, Horsford and Gataui which are eastern grown, and Coast, Utah winter, Mariout, Trebi, Nepal and Black hull-less, all of which are grown in the west. It also contains a display of the defects of barley which are of importance as grading factors, such as damaged grains, heat-damaged grains, skinned grains, smut, soil, brome grass, other foreign material and dockage. Some additions were made to the exhibits of edible oils, edible nuts and dried fruits in Hall 25 by purchase in the local market of fresh specimens of melon seed, a source of edible oil in some parts of the world, and of pistachio and cashew nuts and of litchi fruits. Tubers of the elephant ear were presented by Vaughan’s Seed Store of Chicago for use in the exhibit of starchy tubers and starches, and some of the starchy tubers commonly grown in the West Indies, such as yams, tannias and eddois, were supplied by Acting Curator B. E. Dahlgren. The New York Cocoa Exchange donated samples of the follow- ing eight varieties of cacao beans, including the most important commercial beans: Accra from British West Africa; Sanchez from JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 465 the Dominican Republic; Granada from British West Indies; Surinam f.0om Dutch Guiana, and varieties from Panama, Venezuela, Trinidad, and Bahia, Brazil. Twenty-nine selected specimens of tea were presented to the Museum by the Chicago firm of Irwin-Harrisons-Whitney, Incor- porated. These samples illustrate the principal teas of commerce namely, Japanese, Chinese and Ceylonese. The Japan teas are represented by choice, medium and common grades of basket-fired _ leaves; choice, medium and common grades of pan-fired leaves; and the by-products of tea-preparation by nibs, siftings and fannings. Formosa-Oolong tea also is represented by these grades, as well as by a sample of choice, medium and common jasmine-scented tea. Of the green teas of China there are the popular varieties known as gunpowder, imperial, and congou, each of which is represented by three grades. The black or fermented teas, largely the produce of Ceylon, India and Java as well as of China, are represented by the following grades listed in descending order: flowery orange pekoe, orange pekoe, pekoe, pekoe souchong, broken orange pekoe and broken pekoe. Among other economic plant material recently obtained are some newly listed products derived from corn—various fibers used in paper, clothing and rope manufacture. These were received as gifts from the manufacturers of such products. Crane and Company of Dalton, Massachusetts, presented five specimens of paper material: linen rags, raw linen fiber for paper manufacture, half-stock not yet put into the heater, and an unfinished and finished sheet of bank- note paper. From S. D. Warren and Company of Boston, Massachu- sets, there were received eight specimens illustrating the manufacture of spruce paper, the vehicle of our daily news print. The series consists of spruce chips for paper making, unbleached sulphite pulp, bleached soda pulp, stock ready for the paper machine, resin size, china clay and casein. The American Writing Paper Company of Holyoke, Massachu- setts, presented material for an exhibit of cotton fiber paper. This consignment, composed of eight specimens, included the following: a box of new rags, a box of old rags, a jar of new rag half-stock, a jar of beater stock, a jar of machine stock, white unglazed and white glazed coupon bond paper and sixteen photographs illustrating the various processes in the manufacture of paper. The Hollingsworth and Vose Company of Boston sent twelve specimens of rope and jute, together with paper in various stages of preparation made 466 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII from them, as follows: rope as received at the paper mill, rope cut and dusted, rope cooked, rope half-stock unbleached, rope half-stock bleached, jute bagging as received at the paper mill, jute cut and dusted, jute cooked, jute half-stock bleached, cables insulated with rope paper, insulating paper used for winding on wire, and samples of rag and jute papers. At times the Department of Botany is asked to analyze samples of paper textiles. This has been done during the past year for the Department of Anthropology and the Division of Printing of the Museum. It is of great value on such occasions to have for com- parison not only authentic fiber specimens and paper made from various kinds of authentic materials, but also slides and photo-micro- graphs of the various fibers of commerce. Nine photo-micrographs were received through the courtesy of the United States Bureau of Standards of Washington as follows: wood fiber of Douglas spruce (Pseudotsuga taxifolia), linen fiber (Linum usitatissimum), cotton fiber Gossypium sp.), jute fiber (Corchorus capsularis), hemp fiber (Cannabis sativa), sweet gum fiber (Liquidambar styraciflua), paper mulberry fiber (Broussoneiia papyrifera), aspen wood fiber (Populus tremuloides), and rice straw fiber (Oryza sativa). Thirty microscope slides of commercial fibers, mounted by Mr. Edwin Sutermeister of Westbrook, Maine, were acquired by purchase, namely: pineapple (Ananas sativa), oat straw (Avena sativa), bamboo stalks (Bambusa arundinacea), pita (Agave sp.), ramie (Boehmeria nivea), New Zealand flax (Phormium tenax), bowstring hemp (Sansevieria guineensis), hemp grown in Russia (Cannabis sativa), hemp grown in the United States (Cannabis sativa), corn stalk complete (Zea Mays), sugar cane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum), linen (Linum usitatissimum), raffia (Raphia ruffa), two slides of silver leaf poplar (Populus alba), sisal (Agave sisalana), jute (Corchorus capsularis), manila hemp (Musa textilis), paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), esparto grass (Stipa tenacissima), rice straw (Oryza sativa), cotton fiber mercerized without tension Gossypium sp.), cotton fiber Gossypium sp.), banana fiber from stalk (Musa sapientum), aspen wood fiber (Populus tremuloides), red oak wood fiber (Quercus, sp.) basswood fiber (Tika americana), Douglas spruce wood fiber (Pseudotsuga taxifolia), and lodgepole pinewood fiber (P2nus Murrayana). Dr. Salvador Calderén of San Salvador sent to the Museum a sample of the fiber of the palma de sombrero (nodes sp.) of his JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 467 native country. Mr. G. Proctor Cooper of Yale University donated a bag made of the fiber of pita floja (Agave sp.). During the period under review a number of additional corn products were received as gifts from the Commercial Solvents Corporation of Terre Haute, Indiana. These consisted of the follow- ing specimens of substances obtained from corn kernels: corn germ meal, corn bran, corn oil, wood alcohol, grain alcohol, butyl alcohol, dibutyl alcohol, butyl aldehyde, acetone and diaceton alcohol. Aill _ of these will be included in the economic exhibits, where they will serve to show the many uses to which the grain crop surplus and waste products may be put. _ Specimens of fruit of screw-pine (Pandanus sp.) and seeds of the Virgin banana (Musa sp.) were secured by Mr. G. Proctor Cooper during his explorations in Panama and forwarded to the Museum. Two lots of specimens of calcareous algae from Labrador were obtained by the Rawson—MacMillan Expedition and are being studied by Dr. M. A. Howe of the New York Botanical Garden. The Department of Botany obtained during the year a number of excellent photographs for use in illustrating exhibits in the halls, for lantern slides and for publications. Some of these have been secured by purchase, many others as gifts. Through the courtesy of Mr. Charles Atwood, its vice-president, the firm of Irwin-Harrisons-Whitney, Incorporated, Chicago, pre- sented the Museum with fifty-three photographs illustrating the cultivation, harvesting and preparation of tea for market in the different countries of the world. Mr. Albin Pfanne of Chicago supplied various photographs pertaining to coffee production in Brazil. Mr. William Stuart, of the United States Department of Agriculture, donated a photograph of a field of potatoes in blossom. Some interesting small boxes, made from the rind of the bergamot orange, were presented to the Museum by Professor Gaetano Platania of the University of Catania, Italy. GEOLOGY—The Department of Geology received during the year accessions from seventy-five different individuals and institu- tions. Of these, sixty were by gift, five by exchange, six by purchase and four from Museum expeditions. The total number of specimens thus received and catalogued was 4,575. Of these the largest number were included in the gift received from Mrs. Charles M. Higginson. This remarkably comprehensive collection, gathered by the donor’s 468 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII late husband, numbers 3,240 specimens, representing more than four hundred mineral species and varieties, or most of the important species in the entire range of minerals. Mr. Higginson’s interest in minerals was aroused in early life through his studies under the elder Agassiz, and collecting was continued by him and Mrs. Higginson during the remainder of his life. Having been gathered during a long period, the collection contains many specimens from localities now exhausted. Minerals from these older localities were sometimes given names differing from those now in use, and the specimens from these localities now serve as paratypes of these varieties. All the specimens, when received, were carefully labeled as to species and localities. While many of the specimens are not of large size, there are plenty suitable to make a good display for exhibition. Suites of especial importance are those of tourmalines from Pierrepont, New York, pyroxenes from St. Lawrence County, New York; the series of micas and hydromicas, beryls and many other silicates from New England localities now exhausted, and specimens of gold from twenty localities, chiefly in California. Mr. William J. Chalmers generously continued his interest in the collection of crystallized minerals, and presented to it forty-three choice specimens. These included excellent specimens of South African dioptase and cerussite, rare crystals of pyrrhotite and realgar from Roumania, and many specimens from European local- ities which had been held in early collections and had just become available. Mr. Chalmers also contributed a brilliant specimen of precious opal to the gem collection, and an interesting series of photographs, made many years ago, ne ae mining and other activities in Japan. Mr. Richard T. Crane, Jr., made some notable contributions to the gem collections in Harlow N. Higinbotham Hall. Foremost among these is a carving of rose quartz in the form of a large bowl, eighteen inches in diameter and six inches in height, wrought from a single piece of the mineral of gem quality. The walls of the bowl are cut to such thinness (less than one-half of an inch) that they display to a marked degree the rare tints and opalescence of the mineral. Three emeralds, having a total weight of twenty-six carats, cut from gems obtained at Bom Jesus dos Meiras, Bahia, Brazil, were also included in Mr. Crane’s contribution. These give an excellent representation of the cut emeralds of this locality, from which four large crystals had been collected by the Curator in 1923. A dish of vesuvianite of the variety known as California jade, carved by an Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate LIIT ARCHAIC JADES, CHINA Presented by Mrs. William H. Moore JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 469 American lapidist, an unusual specimen of agate, and a polished slab of green aventurine from India, are other additions contri- buted by Mr. Crane. Mr. John Borden, leader of the Borden—Field Museum Alaska— Arctic Expedition, presented two superb tusks and a lower jaw of the Siberian mammoth which he procured while on this expedition. The tusks are remarkable for their large size and perfection of form, one especially having a beautifully polished surface and complete tip. This tusk, which has a length of ten feet, is also remarkable for showing a double curve, an unusual feature in such tusks, and for the ebony color of the tip, which contrasts with the yellowish hue of the remainder. A claw of a fossil sloth found at Sarasota, Florida, and presented by Mrs. Stanley Field, is of interest as demonstrating the existence of this animal in the southern United States at an earlier time. The Illinois State Museum contributed, through the courtesy of Dr. A. R. Crook, Chief, a three pound specimen bordered with crust, of the only meteorite ever known to have fallen in the state of Illinois. This specimen was part of the forty-six pound individual which fell at Tilden, Randolph County, Illinois, July 18, 1927. The specimen shows most of the important features of the meteorite, and is of sufficient size to permit enough for microscopic and chemi- cal analysis to. be removed without any essential loss. The same museum presented also a cast of the forty-six pound individual which adds to the completeness of the representation of this fall. Dr. Ralph Linton of Madison, Wisconsin, presented a richly colored cut iolite or water sapphire from Madagascar, weighing nine carats, and a cut kunzite from California of two and one-half carats weight. These provide more nearly representative specimens of these gems than had previously been in the Museum collection. A slab of polished labradorite, given by Mrs. Theodore Thomas of Cambridge, Massachusetts, was a distinct addition to the gem collection, the coloring of the stone being unusually brilliant. Dr. Oliver C. Farrington of Chicago, presented 103 specimens of minerals and eight specimens of rocks from various localities, and five geological photographs. The minerals included diamonds in the matrix, diamond-bearing gravels, iolite in the rough and a small cut stone, some rare mineral phosphates and other rare minerals, and a number of specimens of beryl and topaz. The collection had previously been loaned to the Museum but has now been bestowed as a gift. 470 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII Eleven specimens of potash salts from Texas and New Mexico, which were presented by the United States Geological Survey through Director George O. Smith, are of importance as indicating possible resources of potash of unusual value in the United States. A number of valuable specimens of minerals and fossils were received by exchange. From the Eastern Washington Public Museum at Spokane, Washington, through Mr. C. O. Fernquist of that museum, there were received, by exchange, twenty-five specimens of the interesting hyalite, opal, sphaerosiderite, et cetera, that are obtained from cavities in the volcanic rocks about Spokane, and are peculiar to that region. The fossils comprise chiefly well- preserved leaves and other plant remains of the Miocene age, which. also occur in the Spokane region. Both the fossils and the minerals when received, had all been carefully identified, prepared and labeled. From Professor H. H. Nininger there was received, by exchange, a full-sized section, weighing seventy grams, of the Ballinger, Texas, iron meteorite, and a full-sized section, weighing 886 grams, of the Mount Tabby, Duchesne County, Utah, iron meteorite. The latter is remarkable for the unusual beauty of its etching figures and for its content of nodules of an anomalous iron sulphide. Exchange with the Paterson Museum of Paterson, New Jersey, through Mr. James F. Morton, Curator of that museum, added to the collection in Field Museum fourteen specimens of the minerals which occur in the trap rocks about Paterson. Several of these specimens are of large size and showy aspect. A fairly complete skeleton of Oreodon from Nebraska, and a good skull and jaws of Poebrotherium from Wyoming, were obtained by exchange with the University of Chicago. They give the Museum a more complete representation of these fossil mammals than had been possessed before. An important addition by purchase was an exceedingly well- prepared slab from the fossil beds at Holzmaden, Wiirttemberg, showing a complete skeleton of the crocodile-like animal, Steneo- saurus. This slab is two by eight feet in size, and shows practically all parts of the skeleton, preserved in a natural manner. The animal was a crocodile-like reptile characterized by a long, slender head with numerous teeth, and having numerous, bony, deeply pitted plates covering part of the body. Two iron meteorites were added to the meteorite collection by purchase. The largest of these came from Gladstone, Queensland, JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 471 Australia. This is a nearly complete individual, weighing 1,400 pounds. It is two feet nine inches long, one foot nine inches wide, and nine inches in height. This meteorite is remarkable not only for its large size, but because of its internal features, containing as it does, nodules of an unusual composition. The other iron mete- orite purchased is a find made near Houck, Arizona. This individual is a well-preserved mass, weighing 150 lbs. So far as known, this is the only individual of the fall. ZOOLOGY.—Accessions for the year reached a total of 8,019. This is the smallest number for several years. Also, more than half of the total consists of insects and marine invertebrates, which is unusual. The causes for this result seem largely accidental. Rela- tively few purchases were made, and although several large ex- peditions set out during 1928, only one important one returned. The accessions are divided as follows: mammals, 471; birds and eggs, 362; reptiles and amphibians, 418; fishes, 1,505; insects, 2,853; lower invertebrates, 2,410. The number obtained by Museum exped- itions is 4,641, by gift 3,064, by exchange 182, and by purchase 132. Gifts of mammals include 220 specimens of small rodents from Argentina presented by Mr. Oldfield Thomas of the British Museum. An important single specimen is the skull of an African elephant received from Dr. F. P. Thompson of Chicago. This is an unusual specimen in the fact that it illustrates the rare condition in which the tusks fail to develop. Two ribbon seals and two pairs of walrus tusks were received from Mr. John Borden. President Stanley Field made a valuable addition to the collection of animal bronzes by Carl E. Akeley by acquiring the one entitled “At Bay.” Among birds presented, the most important is a specimen of Phylloscartes paulistus, a rare South American flycatcher received from Mr. A. de W. Bertoni of Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. Two other birds from South America, rare in collections, were received in exchange from the United States National Museum. These are a tapacola, Teledromas fuscus, from Argentina, and a flycatcher, Muscisaxicola albilora, from Chile. The donations of reptiles amounted to 339 specimens from various sources. Especially noteworthy was a collection of ninety lizards and six snakes from Salvador presented by the California Institute of Technology through Mr. Donald R. Dickey. Other gifts of reptiles and amphibians included four California snakes from Colonel M. L. Crimmins of Fort Sam Houston, Texas; nine 472 Freup Museum or NATURAL HISTORY—REportTs, Vou. VII Oklahoma frogs from Miss E. R. Force, of Tulsa, Oklahoma; seven- teen German reptiles from Mr. C. F. Gronemann, of Elgin, Illinois, and 176 specimens from Wisconsin collected and presented by Mr. F. J. W. Schmidt, of Stanley, Wisconsin. No extensive gifts of fishes were received, but two especially fine specimens of North American species were presented. These were a large lake trout from Mr. E. C. Vacin of Chicago, and a specimen of the inconnu, Stenodus mackenzii, from the Booth Fish- eries Company of Chicago. The number of insects accessioned was 2,853 of which 2,173 were presented by Associate Curator W. J. Gerhard, being specimens collected over a number of years during vacation periods in Illinois and Indiana. Certain large and desirable insects to the number of fifty-four were received as a gift from Sefior E. Jacy Monteira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Local insects donated include ninety-eight specimens from Mr. Bryan Patterson, Chicago, and fifty-two from Mr. A. B. Wolcott of Downer’s Grove, Illinois. The most extensive zoological accessions of the year were those received from the Rawson—MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of Field Museum, which added 4,433 specimens to the collections. Of these, 2,711 are insects and other invertebrates, while 1,500 are fishes with which are important and valuable colored sketches made from fresh or living material. Mammals to the number of 118 were obtained, and eighty-eight birds and eggs, collections in these groups being relatively small, owing to very unfavorable conditions. DEPARTMENTAL CATALOGUING, INVENTORYING AND LABELING ANTHROPOLOGY.—The number of accessions in the Department of Anthropology during the year was fifty-one of which thirty-two have been entered. Eight accessions from previous years were also entered. The work of cataloguing has been continued as usual during the current year, the number of catalogue cards prepared totaling 5,825. The total number of catalogue cards entered from the opening of the first volume is 181,159. The 5,825 cards written during 1928 for accessions received during the year or in previous years are distributed geographically as follows: North American archaeology and ethnology, 93; Mexican, Central and South American archaeology and ethnology, 641; JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 473 atchaeology and ethnology of China, Japan and Korea, 235; ethnology of Philippines, 11; Polynesian ethnology, 33; Melanesian ethnology, 1; Australian ethnology, 11; African ethnology, 416; Madagascar ethnology, 3,773; Egyptian archaeology, 603; ethnology of Turkey, 8. Of these cards, 5,775 have been entered in the inventory books, which now number forty-nine volumes. Also seventy-seven cards prepared for accessions received previous to 1928 were entered, making a total of 5,852 cards entered. A total of 8,046 labels for use in exhibition cases were prepared and placed during the year. These labels are distributed as follows: archaeology of Egypt, 570; ethnology of Africa, 1,714; ethnology of Madagascar, 2,178; ethnology of Malaysia, 3,026; archaeology of Mexico and Mayas, 77; ethnology of South America, 160; ethnology of the Naskapi, 165; archaeology of China and Tibet, 148; ethnology of Melanesia, 8. To the Department’s albums 1,667 photographs were added. BOTANY.—During the year entries made in the catalogue of the Herbarium amounted to 9,628, bringing the total mounted sheets to 580,357. Labels were written for about 13,000 specimens of Honduras plants, for several thousand current accessions, and for duplicates now ready for distribution. All the wood samples in the reference collection, numbering close to 7,000 specimens, are now labeled and arranged in a systematic order, as outlined in last year’s Report. This enables any particular specimen to be located with ease. For the classified index of the specimens in the economic collec- tions several thousand new cards were written and filed. A large part of the material in the economic reference and storage collec- tions, hitherto identified only by numbers referring to accession catalogue entries, has been supplied with specimen labels and has been card indexed during the year. This work was started years ago and has been carried on almost continuously since February, 1925, by Assistant Curator James B. McNair and Mr. Llewelyn Williams, Assistant in Wood Technology. This organization of the economic collections is now practically completed, and the result is an orderly arrangement of the storage material, with a finding index to material which cannot be filed in the Herbarium. Descriptive labels were written for all new installations in the exhibition halls. Diagrams showing chemical composition, and 474 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REpPoRTS, VOL. VII maps showing distribution were prepared for various economic exhibits. NE The filing, as a card index, of the labels in the exhibition halls has been continued. | Several thousand index cards to agricultural literature have been received from the Institut Colonial de Marseille. These have been classified and filed. GEOLOGY.—The total number of specimens catalogued during the year was 4,575, making a total of 184,472 now recorded. Of the additions, the largest number were from the mineral collection presented by Mrs. Charles M. Higginson, which amounted to 3,240 specimens. Other additions of some magnitude were 384 specimens of fossil vertebrates and invertebrates from the collections of the Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expeditions to South America; 241 specimens of Illinois fossil plants, invertebrates et — cetera, presented by Mr. Bryan Patterson; 215 specimens of crys- tallized minerals and photographs presented by Mr. W. J. Chalmers; 118 specimens and photographs presented by Dr. O. C. Farrington, and 72 specimens of minerals and fossils received by exchange from the Eastern Washington Public Museum. Some special exhibits and series were provided with labels of the latest type during the year. These included the exhibit of Baffin Land and Newfoundland fossils and minerals in Stanley Field Hall, and in Ernest R. Graham Hall seven of the Knight murals; a case of mounted tablets of invertebrate fossils, and a case each of fossil sponges, Jurassic invertebrates, Jurassic ammonites, fossil crinoids andmo dels of dinosaurs, Miocene horses and rhinoc- eroses, and Minooka (Illinois) Mastodons. Typewritten labels have been provided in Graham Hall for a case each of South American fossils, Mongolian fossils and fossil fishes. In Hall 36 the case of pigments has been supplied with typewritten descriptive labels. Copy for a total of 3,979 labels was sent to the printer during the year; 704 printed labels were received. Typewritten labels for exhibited series made during the year numbered 379. Typewritten labels of the style used in the study collections were also made for all the specimens of the Charles M. Higginson mineral collection. For Ernest R. Graham Hall, copy was prepared which indicates the place on the geological scale of the specimens contained in each case. These labels include lists of the characteristic fossils of the ~ JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 475 geological subdivisions represented, and the families to which the specimens belong. Common names of the forms represented are used as far as possible. Mounting of photographic prints in the Department’s albums kept pace with their receipt during the year, and a total of 760 prints was thus added. Typewritten labels were provided for all of these. Of the prints, 312 represent subjects for geological post- cards which had been selected during the year. ZOOLOGY.—Regular entries in the zoological catalogues were made for 6,077 specimens. These were distributed as follows: mam- mals, 1,840; birds, 4,036; reptiles, 198; skeletons, 14; insects, 9. Specimens of mammals were numbered as catalogued, and Museum labels were written and attached to 591 skins and 300 skulls. The skulls of 2,462 mammals were numbered. Special labels have been provided for the stored skins of large mammals, and the writing of these labels has begun. A card index has been prepared for these large skins which, with a few other entries, adds 340 cards to the general index of the mammal collection. A considerable number of guide labels has been placed on the drawers of the new storage cases for mammals and birds. Owing to the absence of Assistant Curator Alfred C. Weed in the field, no cataloguing was done in the Division of Fishes. The cataloguing in the Division of Reptiles is nearly abreast of the acces- sions, so no especial effort was made there and only 198 entries appear. Exhibition labels were prepared and installed as follows: mam- mals, 96; birds, 92; reptiles, 49; fishes, 62. Copy for exhibition labels, including 681 for birds and 418 for insects, was prepared. In the Department’s photographic albums, 1,208 prints were mounted during the year. The state of the catalogues at the end of the year is as follows: Number of Total of entries Entries Total of record books to Dec.31,1928 during 1928 eards written Department of Anthropology. . 49 181,159 5,852 182,433 Department of Botany........ 63 582,137 10,019 15,559 Department of Geology....... 26 - 184,472 4,575 6,873 Department of Zoology....... 44 140,595 6,077 40,646 MRM URE re us oe 16 LS 072 8,756 378,487 INSTALLATIONS AND REARRANGEMENTS _ ANTHROPOLOGY.—The most notable event of the year was the opening to the public on June 1 of six new exhibition halls located 476 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII on the ground floor. In accordance with this plan all efforts during the first part of the year were bent toward completing this task with the best possible results. A total of sixty-five exhibition cases, including three life-size groups, were installed during the year, located as follows: Egypt (Hall Diet ae ic fot ee ie le os lap one Cee 6 Africa (Hall: D). occ eo Se eee de a dO eee 2 Madagascar (Hall§).. 005020 no ae Bee 25 Polynesia (Hall PY oo 0 ele le fa es 20e Oe 1 Malaysia (Hall G) occa es cic ca eres es so by suena 2 Stanley Field) Hallo yo. i. ccc cl cs ot a ele pe ee Renee ‘i Mexico’ (Hall’$). ooo. es a ce eka oe ew te Se re +e South America (Hall 9). 0.0.0. .0..602.0.. L53. & eee 8 Tibet (Hall 32)..2.000 0b oc Shc ee bois 3b 4 ce Be hee 2 China (Hall:24) 0. 25020 cb ae coe 6 ese e006 die 555s Bye Leer 1 Total... oso. bo bn os ge ee 65 Hall J, devoted to the archaeology of Egypt, has been completely reorganized. Previously Egyptian mummies had been exhibited individually in nineteen special cases which varied considerably in size and hardly permitted a detailed study. These old cases have been discarded, and the mummies and coffins have been aligned in a consecutive chronological order in two built-in cases extending 119 feet along the north wall of the hall. Walking along this case from west to east, the visitor is able to study human mummification and burial in Egypt through a period of 2,500 years, as the coffins on exhibition range in date from the tenth dynasty at about 2300 B.c. to the Roman period of A.D. 200. Encased top-lights make for an even diffusion of light, and variety of exhibits is insured partially by the use of slanting bases, and partially by placing mummy covers with carved portraits erect. Coptic fabrics from graves of early post-Christian centuries hang on the wall as a background, and painted linen shrouds from mummies occupy the end walls. A facsimile of the funerary papyrus of Ani is shown in the upper compartment of this case. A built-in case along the east wall of the hall, sixty-three feet in length, contains tomb-sculptures and frescoes in chronological arrangement, running north to south from the third to the nineteenth dynasty (thirtieth to thirteenth century B.C.). The compartment above this case contains plaster casts of important tomb and temple sculptures, the originals of which are still in place in Egypt. A reproduction of the famous Rosetta stone is shown in an illuminated wall-case. Six X-ray pictures, made in the Museum’s [|[VH Weyer “y qyseurnT qYysIUy “Y sepeyD Aq pojuled wBYyeIy "yy ysoulsT JO WL (so1sonbaw snawad) URAC HSIUI LNVID AO NOILVUOLSAY “ONILNIVd TVUNW ATT 381d ‘ILA “1A ‘S310dexy A10qstH{ [eINIeN JO uMesnyy Piety xy JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 477 Division of Roentgenology, of mummies in the collection, actual size, are exhibited. A built-in case, thirty feet long, on the southwest of the hall is used for a display of six complete Coptic garments in the lower compartment, and parts of garments, tapestries, and embroideries in the upper one. The statuette of Senmut, the famed architect and statesman of the eighteenth dynasty, has been placed in the center of the built-in case opposite. On a section of the south- east wall two carved wooden balcony fronts from Cairo are well shown by concealed electric lighting. | The reinstallation of the Egyptian collections will be continued during 1929. In the latter part of 1927 there had been prepared thirty-five cases for installation in the then proposed African Hall, which at that time was not ready to receive them. In the period from January to June of this year the exhibits in these cases were completely labeled, and 110 photographs and water-colors were added. Two eases were installed in addition to the thirty-five noted in the last Annual Report. The more important of these is a built-in case on the west wall of the hall, about forty-eight feet long and fifteen feet high. This case contains well selected examples of the woodworker’s craft from Cameroon, West Africa, such as door-posts and window- frames used in the houses of chiefs, large wooden effigies of human form, stools elaborately shaped in the form of leopards, and a wooden bed intricately carved. A remarkable head ornament of wood from the Bamendjo people, thought to be unique so far as the Cameroon region is concerned, is included in this exhibit. The other case installed during the year shows five excellent examples of cloaks of the Zulus of South Africa, made from the skins of the lynx and rock-rabbit. The arrangement of the thirty-seven African exhibition cases in Hall D is carried out on an ethno-geographical basis. The area which is best represented is that of Cameroon, and exhibits from this region shown on the north side of the hall cover almost one- half of the entire collection. In the center of the hall are three life-size figures of Cameroon medicine-men. A map at the entrance to the hall shows what portions of Africa are represented in the exhibits. There are small collections from the Congo Negroes, the Zulus of South Africa, and the Masai of Kenya Colony. The culture of the Somalis is illustrated in four cases, and the art of Benin in two cases displaying fine bronze castings as well as wood and ivory carvings. The exhibits in the hall include also representations of 478 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII. West African life in Cameroon, and material from Togoland, the French Sudan, Angola, the Congo, and other parts of Africa. During the year the collections obtained by the Captain Marshail Field Expedition to Madagascar of 1926-27 were installed in twenty- five cases in the eastern half of Hall E. The native cultures fall into three groups, and this arrangement has been followed in the instal- lation of the hall. Material from the Plateau tribes is shown on the south side of the hall. These tribes—Imerina, Betsileo, Sihanaka, and Tanala— resemble the Malays in physical type and to a lesser degree, in culture. Their arts and industries are well developed. The collections include a great variety of textiles woven from silk of the domesticated silkworm, wild silk, cotton, hemp, raffia, bast and banana fiber. Except in the Imerina tribe, the designs are simple stripes, but show a fine sense for color. Fine mats from the Sihanaka tribe, steatite lamps of the Imerina, ornamental iron lamps of the Betsileo tribe, pottery, and a series of wood carvings are also shown. Attention should be drawn to the oil and water-color paintings made by native artists after European models. The Plateau tribes had no pictorial art of any sort prior to their contact with Europeans. Material from the tribes of the southeast coast of Madagascar is displayed on the north side of the hall. The tribes of that region are more negroid than the Plateau people. They are, for the most part, ignorant of both weaving and pottery. They dress in flexible mats, and a series of these mat costumes, showing the various types, occupies one case. A single tribe, the Betsimisaraka, weave raffia cloths, examples of which are displayed. The culture of the tribes of the west coast and south of the island is shown in five cases in the northeast corner of the hall. These people are negroid in type and are moderately advanced in all the arts, but their work exhibits strong African affinities. They have also been considerably influenced by Arabs, and certain Sakalava groups are Mohammedans. The tribes of the south—Antandroy, Mahafaly and Bara—are represented by small general collections illustrating their arts and industries. Their wood carvings and weapons merit special mention. The Sakalava of the west coast are more fully represented, the exhibits including implements, weapons, jewelry, matting, baskets, and textiles. A fine collection of gold and silver jewelry shown in one case is believed to be the best in existence. The figured rafhia cloths displayed in another case are the only ones of their sort in any JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 479 museum in America or England. The designs are produced by dyeing the warp before the cloth is woven. This is a widespread Malayan technique, and the Sakalava probably learned the process from the Imerina. At the present time this technique is dying out rapidly and may be lost in a few years | The acquisition of a large drum from the Marquesas necessitated the reinstallation of a case to accommodate it in Hall F. In December a life-size figure of a pygmy in the act of making fire was installed in one of the built-in cases in Hall G. The data | for this group were obtained by Dr. F. C. Cole in connection with the Arthur B. Jones Expedition to Malaysia of 1922-23. The figure was modeled by Mr. John G. Prasuhn, modeler in the Department, partly on the basis of photographs, partly by using a live Negro as model. The figure represents a Semang, one of the typical pygmy tribes inhabiting the Malay Peninsula, who belong to the most primitive peoples of the world. The stature of the men reaches a height of only about four feet eight inches. They live in the retreats of the deep jungle and seldom come in contact with the coast Malays who have a superior culture. They raise no crops, but depend on game and forest products for their food. In order to make fire, they split a piece of bamboo in two, the side of one strip being cut to a sharp edge. This is placed on the ground, edge up, and is held upright by four pegs. A cut is made across the bottom of the other half of the tube, and a bit of tinder is pressed over the opening with the finger. The groove is then rubbed rapidly back and forth across the fixed section until the friction ignites the tinder. In the foreground of the case the pygmies’ mode of cooking is shown. They build their fire between three stones, and as they are unable to make pottery, they avail themselves of bamboo segments as cooking-vessels. These are filled with water together with the meat or roots to be cooked, and are placed close to the fire so that the water is brought to a boil before the bamboo container is burnt through. It is planned to complete this group by adding a repre- sentation of a native dwelling. Practically all of the exhibition cases in Hall G (Arthur B. Jones Collection) were completely labeled and arranged. A built-in case in the northeast corner of the hall was installed with a series of sixteen musical instruments from Java used in an orchestra for the accompaniment of puppet and shadow-play performances. 480 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTsS, VOL. VII : Hall H, containing a total of thirty-five cases representing the ethnology of the Philippines, was thoroughly rearranged. The groups are now assembled along the south side, and other exhibits occupy the north side of the hall. Two special cases with framework of bronze were constructed in the south corners of Stanley Field Hall. Each of them contains two large ceremonial feather masks from Hansa Bay, northern New Guinea. ‘Two of the masks are nineteen and two are fourteen feet in height. They are placed on life-size casts of figures, modeled in the Department. The masks were formerly shown without these easts in Joseph N. Field Hall. Exhibits in a case in Stanley Field Hall, which previously contained selected material from Madagascar, were changed twice during the year. The first exhibit consisted of three bamboo screens or blinds secured by Curator Laufer on the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to China in 1923. These blinds were made exclusively for the doors of the palaces of the Manchu emperors in the eighteenth century, are exceedingly rare, and are unique in their technique. They are composed of thin bamboo rods, chiefly of the spotted bamboo, carefully matched as to color, and tied together. Pictures are formed by strips of silk of various colors skillfully wrapped around each single rod, and are identical on both sides. This exhibit was changed in October to make room for a display of some choice Chinese fabrics, also obtained by Dr. Laufer on the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to China in 1923. A set of three is shown—a table-hanging and two chair-covers which were used in the palaces of the Manchu emperors for the decoration of tables and chairs on ceremonial occasions, especially on New Year’s day. They are a marvelous combination of tapestry weave in exqui- site colors with gold brocade. These tapestries were manufactured for the imperial court in the K‘ang-hi period (1662-1722). An elegantly decorated roll of purple satin brocade, nearly fourteen feet long, wrought in gold threads, likewise made for the palace in Peking, is shown. A green cut velvet panel of the K‘ien-lung period (1736- 95), and one in red velvet containing figures of the god of longevity and the Eight Immortals are in the same case. In December the Eskimo collection presented by Mr. John Borden, and temporarily shown in Stanley Field Hall, was replaced with a representative series of selected objects secured by Assistant Curator William D. Strong from the Naskapi Indians of north- eastern Labrador during the operations of the Rawson—MacMillan JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 481 Subarctic Expedition. The exhibit includes unique painted clothing, beadwork of various sorts, and household and hunting implements of the Naskapi. A series of photographs and original Indian drawings made in their winter hunting camps serve to depict the actual life of the people at the present time. In another case in Stanley Field Hail is arranged a tem- porary exhibit of selected material brought back by Assistant Curator J. Eric Thompson from the Captain Marshall Field Archae- ological Expedition to British Honduras. The exhibits include the sculptured altar stone referred to on pages 416 and 449, several fine jade objects, pottery of three periods, a necklace of small shells, and pieces of obsidian and coral. The earliest pottery in the collection consists of four-legged bowls, the feet of which are frequently molded in the shape of a woman’s breasts. Two crematory urns shown in the case were found in a well constructed vaulted chamber in the center of a mound, and contained a small heap of human ashes. Other pottery vessels exhibited are decorated with two heads in high relief, one above the other, and are believed to have been used in religious ceremonies to burn copal which served the Mayas as incense. Among a selection of Chinese pottery and porcelain of the Sung period (A.D. 960-1279), secured by Dr. Laufer, on the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to China in 1928, and now installed in Stanley Field Hall, is a tall funeral urn of celadon which was placed in a grave and held food for the deceased person. The bell-shaped cover is surmounted by the figure of a hawk with outspread wings. On the long cylindrical neck are represented in high relief the sun symbolized by the three-footed raven, and the moon symbolized by the hare pounding drugs in a mortar. Unicorn, phoenix, dragon, and tortoise combined with snake are emblematic of the four quar- ters; and twelve officials arranged in a circle are intended to preside over the twelve animals that form a cycle of twelve years. An interesting feature of this vessel is that gradually, in the course of hundreds of years, masses of loess, a very fine and friable earth, have penetrated through the crackles of the glaze and spread beneath it, forming large yellow and brown patches. One of the finest examples of celadon in this case is a small dish completely glazed on both sides. A set of sweetmeat dishes of the same glaze, in the shape of chrysanthemum petals, and a palette in which are inserted three tiny dishes separated by leaf-stalks, are also shown. In their efforts to produce glazes of beautiful colors 482 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ReEpoRTS, VOL. VII the Chinese potters took their models from nature. In white and greenish glazes they strove to emulate the colors of jade, as testified by the seal on a bluish gray porcelain bowl, which reads “‘resembling jade.” A tea-pot, a tea-cup, and a bowl of Temmoku ware, decorated with a dark brown glaze interspersed with irregular yellow speckles in imitation of tortoise-shell, are other features of the exhibit. In- cluded also are many exquisite and rare Temmoku bowls, white and light green bowls of Ting-yao and Yin-ts‘ing types, hard and soft Chiin-yao, and two unusual pillows of Ts‘e-chou porcelain. In A.D. 1108 the town Kii-lu in the southern part of Chi-li Pro- vince was submerged by a flood. Excavations made in recent years on the site of this town have brought to light quantities of pottery and furniture. One of these jars, shown in this same case (there are many others in the Museum’s collections), has an over-glaze deco- ration in brown of floral designs arranged in medallions, and is provided with an inscription which yields the date A.D. 1107. The interesting point is that this vessel was made one year prior to the destruction of the town by the flood, and that it is one of the few dated pieces of Sung ceramics. Eleven reinstalled cases representing the archaeology and eth- nology of Mexico and Central America were placed in Hall 8. A remarkable collection of serapes from northern Mexico, previously presented by Messrs. Martin A. Ryerson and Homer E. Sargent, was reinstalled in a very effective manner. Other cases comprise Mexican pottery of the Aztec period; painted and incised pottery as well as large stone sculptures from the Valley of Mexico; the culture of the Toltecs and Tlaxcaltecs distinguished by fine neck- laces, clay figurines, and masks of obsidian and onyx; and the archaeology of Mexico in the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca, as well as the archaeology of Panama. One case of material never shown before, comprising gold and copper ornaments, necklaces, and ceremonial stone implements obtained by Dr. J. Alden Mason on the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Colombia of 1922-23, has been added to Hall 9, which is devoted to the archaeology and ethnology of South America. Seven reinstalled cases in this hall contain the following: clothing and hunting implements of the tribes of the Orinoco Basin in Venezuela and Colombia; objects representing the domestic, reli- gious, and ceremonial life of the tribes of the Northwest Amazon Basin; clothing and weapons of eastern or Amazonian Peru; dress JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 483 and personal ornaments of the tribes of the Gran Chaco; and baskets of the Amazon Basin of Brazil. Two cases of Tibetan saddlery and hide manufactures were rein- stalled and placed in Hall 32. Material illustrating Islam in China was reinstalled in a six-foot case. The dress of a Manchu woman in one of the Blackstone Chinese Collection cases (Hall 24) is now more efficiently shown by the addition of a facial cast which permits completion of the figure with the picturesque head dress adorned _ with five gilt silver ornaments and silk flowers worn by the Manchu women of Peking. Five fly-whisks of white horsehair and two of coir-fiber have been added to one case; and three large writing- brushes to another case. A case containing Chinese metal mirrors, installed last year, was placed at the south end of the hall. A pair, of leather slippers decorated with floral designs in colored beads on red velvet from Annam, presented by Miss Caroline Wicker, Chicago, has been added to a display of Chinese beadwork in Hall 32. In a case containing models of pagodas, the black background has been changed to a screen of light color. A total of ninety-seven cases were completely labeled during the year. All cases in the halls on the ground floor were carefully gone over before the opening of these halls, and the exhibits rearranged or put in order. In the carpentry section of the Department twenty-four new screens for exhibition cases were constructed, five old screens were rebuilt, and 469 small individual shelves were made. In addition, 1,785 blocks for labels and 164 pieces of beaverboard for covering the bottoms of cases were cut, and twenty-five wooden bases were made. Twenty-two picture frames were made for Chinese and Tibetan paintings, and forty-seven of these were framed under glass. A total of 341 photographs, maps, and large descriptive labels were framed for use in exhibition cases. Six large wall-maps were hung in the halls on the ground floor. Highteen large papier-maché manikins were made for the display of costumes. Material in thirty exhibition cases was poisoned during the year. Rearrangement of material was made in all storage rooms, and their condition improved. Material stored in the poison room was treated as usual, and is in excellent condition Identification numbers marked on Museum objects during the year totalled 11,621. : 484 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII The work of arranging ancient Egyptian and Coptic textiles and mounting them on linen for better preservation has been continued throughout the year. Five large portfolios of beaverboard were made for the safekeeping of the mounted fabrics. | In the modeling section of the Department, four life-size casts for the New Guinea dance-masks were completed. Head and hands were modeled and cast for the figure of a Manchu woman from Peking. A life-size figure of a Semang pygmy making fire was completed. The life-size figure of a Dyak head-hunter has been modeled in clay to be cast in the near future. Several miniature figures were modeled for the Menangkabau village group. Maya casts in Hall 8 were repaired and retouched. Forty Egyptian and Mesopotamian bronzes were treated by means of the electro- chemical process. | In the repair section of the Department six hundred objects were treated, repaired or restored as follows: 113 pieces of Mexican, Maya, Peruvian and Colombian pottery, stone work, and gold; one wooden Japanese statuette; twenty-six Chinese paintings, pottery pieces, silver and stone objects; twenty-seven Tibetan paintings and painted wooden panels; one wooden cup from Formosa; sixteen musical instruments from Java, and one from Hawaii; four strings of Melanesian shell-money; 171 fabrics, sixty-five alabasters, ten pottery jars, five mummies, and three frescoes from Egypt; eleven pieces of pottery from Kish; fifty-one stone implements and one necklace of the French paleolithicon; eighty-five objects from Mada- gascar, and twenty African wood carvings. The incised lines in the east of the Rosetta stone from Egypt were whitened to render the inscription clearer and more legible. The books of the Department Library were vacuum cleaned and rearranged. BOTANY—So much time was spent during the year in preparation for an ecological group of alpine vegetation, and on restoration of fossil plants for the Carboniferous Forest group, the latter of which is to be a feature of the rearranged Ernest R. Graham Hall in the Department of Geology, that the output of the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories for the Hall of Plant Life was greatly reduced. | The most notable addition to the exhibits in the Hall of Plant Life was the reproduction of a cassava plant completed early in the year from material secured by the Marshall Field Brazilian Expedi- AT 93%id ‘ITA “1OA “8}10doxy aZIS [VIN}JBU Y}UI}Y4SIe-ouo0 YynoGy UIMIOD "VY °O Aq puNnoIsyovg ‘*1assoliy snine Aq Aullopixey, UOI}IpIdx| oVIsy szJaAesooy—uosdurtg sowvpe “vIsy [v1ZU90 YYNOS ‘suIeyUNOT, IwIeg Ul aUueDg TeH APM A Wer daaHS §.OTOd OOUVN AO dNOUD ALOISIF [BANGZVN JO —— ==: = —_ —— oe eS - ———— ay UINeESNT, P1917 JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 485 tion of 1926. The cassava plant was installed with the other material of the spurge family, which is now fairly well represented though still awaiting the addition of an adequate specimen of the Brazilian rubber tree, which is perhaps the most important economic plant of the family. The Myrtaceae received an interesting and handsome addition in a flowering branch of the “Malay apple,” already represented in its fruiting stage by a reproduction of a specimen secured in _ Surinam by the Stanley Field Guiana Expedition of 1922. As might be concluded from the position of the pear-shaped fruits on the branches, the flowers of the Malay apple, like those of many other tropical trees, arise directly from the bark of the large inner branches, even from the thick main branches and the trunk. The branch which has been added during the year was obtained by the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition of 1926. By use of preserved specimens as models, as well as color-sketches and photographs made in the field, the flowers have been faithfully rendered in glass and celluloid by Mr. Emil Sella, preparator in the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories of the Museum. _ For the walnut family, which until this year has not been repre- sented in the Hall of Plant Life, a hickory branch in fruiting condi- tion was collected near Chicago and reproduced as an illustration of the general characters of its group. It has been installed, together with a selection of fruits, wood and other dry plant material of its family, in a case adjoining the oaks. A branch of Central American mahogany, the so-called Honduras mahogany, which with its large foliage differs so greatly in appearance from the small-leaved West Indian or Cuban mahogany, was ob- tained from the Government Experiment Garden at Port of Spain, Trinidad. The branch has been reproduced in the Stanley Field Laboratories in the Museum to be used for a display of various species of mahogany being prepared for temporary exhibition in Stanley Field Hall, and for subsequent permanent installation in the Hall of Foreign Woods. Some alpine plants, destined to form a part of an ecological group, were collected on the Snowy Range, near Laramie, Wyoming, in 1927. Reproductions of a few of these plants have been assembled for a small temporary exhibit of alpine flowers, and installed in a vacant case in the Hall of Plant Life, with labels and photographs showing the general character of the vegetation of the locality where 486 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistoRY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII they were collected. They include the Rocky Mountain aster (Erigeron uniflorus), which resembles strongly the common English daisy, the yellow avens (Gewm turbinatum) with buttercup-like flowers and rosettes of much divided leaves, the yellow alpine ragwort (Senecio Fremontiz), a sedge (Carex sp.), and the bistort (Polygonum bistortordes), a characteristic alpine plant of the dock family. Among exhibits under way for the Hall of Plant Life may be mentioned a flowering and fruiting plant of the so-called Panama hat palm which, in spite of its name and its palm-like leaves, is not a palm, although it belongs to an allied family. The reorganization of the storage collections of economic material, and the new record system which has finally been carried to comple- tion during the year, has made it possible to locate and add some desirable material to the existing installations. The case of true peppers, for which the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories furnished the model of the pepper vine as related in last year’s Report, has thus been completed as far as the Museum’s material permits. New labels have been placed in Hall 29 as well as in the palm collection and among the food products in Hall 25. An attractive case containing panels of rare and fancy woods from remote parts of the world was placed on exhibition in Stanley Field Hall. The exhibit, which proved of considerable interest to both the public and lumbermen, comprises woods which, due to their valuable qualities such as density, color and figure, are now gaining favor with the American wood-working industries and are being used extensively for various purposes. For example, there is padouk, one of the woods represented in the case, which possesses a brilliant red color and is used mainly for the manufacture of furniture. Another is the well-known commercial wood, lignum-vitae, which is renowned for its great strength and density. These properties, com- bined with its self-lubricating properties, make it especially adapted for bearings under water. It is used for making bushing-blocks for lining the stern tubes of propeller shafts of steamships. Another kind shown is Honduras rosewood, which is used for making the bars of percussion instruments, xylophones and marimbas, for which purpose it is particularly fitted because of its density and resonance. The project of reinstalling the wood exhibits in the Hall of North American Woods has been started with the rearrangement of the case allocated to the pignut hickory. The substitution of a JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 487 buff-colored label for the black type used heretofore and the inclusion of a reproduction of a branch in place of a photograph of one make the exhibit more attractive. Under the supervision of Assistant Curator James B. McNair much work was done in installation and rearrangement of the economic botanical material. In Hall 25 exhibits of seeds of the bean family, edible foreign oils, coffee, tea, barley, and edible nuts were installed. In these exhibits the conventional botanical order has been followed in the arrangement of each group. This makes the exhibits instructive to botany students, who find products of the various plant families arranged in their customary order. The specimens in each exhibit have been chosen in accordance with the space available, and the exhibits have been made as concise as possible. Thus the visitor is not compelled to view a great array of duplicate and unessential material. The exhibit of edible seeds of the bean family comprises eighty- one specimens, which have been selected from 427 samples of edible legume seeds in the Museum collections. They include, besides representatives of some of the less widely known legumes, seven kinds of lupines from Peru and Europe; European vetches; chick peas, so extensively used for food in Europe and Latin America; lentils, peas, soy beans, lima beans; and twenty-seven kinds of kidney beans, mostly from Mexico and South America, where they furnish one of the food staples. Sixteen foreign edible vegetable oils have been placed on exhibi- tion, together with samples of their source material. Among them are represented the oils of safflower, cashew, mustard, melon seed, and Indian butter tree. Of the many commercial varieties of coffee grown in tropical countries there have been placed on exhibition fifty-six, with eigh- teen coffee substitutes and adulterants, selected from 174 coffee samples and fifty coffee substitutes in the Museum’s collections. There is shown the coffee berry as it appears when picked from the tree and as it is changed by the successive steps in the process of its preparation for market. In this process the outer fleshy coat is first removed, next the outer ‘“‘parchment’’ hull, and finally the inner or “‘silverskin” hull. The coffee varieties exhibited come from such widely scattered regions as Australia, Java, Celebes, Ceylon, India, Liberia, Siam, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Costa Rica, Jamaica, 488 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII and Mexico. The adulterants include as diverse articles as peas, chicory, malted barley, wheat, dried prunes, soy beans, dandelion root, and rice. From 316 specimens of tea available in the Museum’s collections thirty-three have been chosen for exhibition. They include repre- sentatives of the various grades of tea from Japan, Formosa, China, South Carolina, Ceylon, Jamaica, India and Java. There are shown also brick tea from China and “soluble tea’ from Ceylon. The tea exhibit is illustrated by eight photographs showing methods of cultivation and preparation for market in Ceylon, India, and China. A collection of forty-four of the chief edible nuts of the world has been placed on exhibition. Of these twenty-four are from the eastern and twenty from the western hemisphere. Among the former are displayed coconuts, French chestnuts, almonds, pistachio nuts, longan nuts, litchis, Indian almonds, and English, Chinese, and Japanese walnuts. The American nuts illustrated include pinyon nuts, black and California walnuts, hickory nuts, pecans, chestnuts, acorns, peanuts, cashew nuts, and Brazil nuts. Through the courtesy of Mr. O. F. Phillips of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, United States Department of Agriculture, Field Museum has added a tray of barley standards to its exhibit — of types illustrating common varieties of grains and grading factors of the official grain standards of the United States. In 1928 label copy was written for all new exhibits, 244 labels being required for their explanation. During the year twenty-five large photographs, representing various economic botanical subjects, have been installed in Hall 25. The enlargements were furnished by the Museum’s Division of Photography, and the original prints or negatives were obtained from various sources. These illustrations portray phases of the industries connected with coffee, tea, spices, root crops, sugar, and fruit marketing. | It is a great satisfaction to observe the rapid increase in size and scientific value of the Herbarium. It is composed of more than 580,000 sheets, besides a large reserve of probably 100,000 un- mounted specimens, mostly from the Old World, which are awaiting incorporation. The plant mounter prepared for insertion in the Herbarium, by gluing and strapping, 12,330 specimens, a substantial increase over the number mounted in 1927. He also attended to the fumiga- JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 489 tion of all material received, and prepared, by strapping, the greater part of the Sherff Herbarium, presented to the Museum a year ago. The Custodian of the Herbarium, who was on leave of absence during part of the year, catalogued a large number of sheets and distributed them into the permanent collections, this distribution entailing the writing of many new folder-covers, and rearrange- ment in certain groups. Work of the curatorial staff consisted primarily in making the current material received available for study by distribution of the ' sheets, as soon as mounted, into their proper places, and by naming new specimens and correcting wrongly named sheets already in the Herbarium cases. Because of the expeditious methods adopted for mounting and handling the specimens, it is now practicable to file them permanently in the Herbarium the same day they are received. With such prompt distribution, all specimens are quickly and readily accessible for the use of members of the Staff or of outsiders who visit the Herbarium for study purposes. Due to this ready avail- ability of its specimens the Herbarium compares favorably in efficiency with any other large herbarium in the United States. More than 10,000 mounted sheets, mostly from Central and South America, were added to the Herbarium during the year, thus increasing greatly its permanent value. In the course of the distri- bution of these plants through the Herbarium hundreds of sheets were determined, and the names of other specimens were corrected. Several large collections which had awaited naming for many years were determined, at least in part, and placed in the Herbarium, where they will be useful for study purposes. In its representation of the floras of the West Indies, Mexico, and Central and South America the Herbarium compares favorably with the other large herbaria in the United States, and for certain areas, such as Yucatan and Peru, the Museum’s collections are unequaled elsewhere. GrEoLoGy.—A large part of the time of the Staff of the Depart- ment during the year, has been devoted to new installations and reinstallation of cases. The latter work has been required by the change of color of backgrounds, which has necessitated the removal of all the specimens in each case and their replacement after the change of backgrounds was completed. During this reinstallation opportunity has been taken to add to or rearrange the contents of the cases, wherever the interest and value of the contents could be thus improved. Thorough cleaning of glass and refinishing of the 490 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII sashes and other wood of the cases has been carried out in con- nection with this work. In Ernest R. Graham Hall and in Hall 36, nearly all the cases, and in Hall 34 and Clarence Buckingham Hall, a large number, were reinstalled in this manner during the year. In Stanley Field Hall one case was installed; in Harlow N. Higinbotham Hall, one; in Systematic Minerals (Hall 34), fourteen cases; in Clarence Buckingham Hall, four; in Petroleums, Clays et cetera (Hall 36), thirty-six, and in Ernest R. Graham Hall, forty- three, making a total of ninety-nine cases. In Stanley Field Hall an exhibit of some of the fossils, ores and other geological specimens collected by Assistant Curator Roy in Baffin Land and Newfoundland while with the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of 1927-28 was installed in a single case. From Baffin Land are shown in this case, thirty-nine specimens of fossils of Ordovician age and seven specimens of igneous rocks; from Newfoundland, thirty-six specimens, mostly trilobites, of fossils of Cambrian age, and twenty-five specimens of ores and minerals. Several colored photographs of scenes in Baffin Land and outline maps showing routes followed are included in this exhibit. The exhibit of ores and minerals of South America collected by Associate Curator Nichols as a member of the Captain Marshall Field Expedition of 1926, which had been previously exhibited in Stanley Field Hall, was removed and distributed among the syste- matic mineral and ore series in Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall and Hall 34. In Harlow N. Higinbotham Hall the beautiful rose quartz bowl contributed by Mr. R. T. Crane, Jr., was installed in the case of quartzes, and the cut emeralds, agate and vesuvianite which he presented were installed in their respective groups. Specimens pre- sented by other donors during the year were also added to the exhibits in this hall. In order to give a more orderly arrangement, the exhibit of miscellaneous gems in the hall was exchanged in position with part of the exhibit illustrating folk-lore of gems. Thorough cleaning of the cases was carried out in connection with these changes. In Hall 34 the work of changing backgrounds and reinstallation begun last year was continued and the work completed during the year for fourteen cases. These included two cases of the Chalmers crystal collection and twelve cases of large mineral specimens. The improvement in the attractiveness and visibility of the exhibits, as _ as well as in the general appearance of the hall, brought about by JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 491 these changes is marked, and has been favorably commented on by many persons. In connection with this reinstallation a number of new specimens have been added to the exhibits. These include one- _ half of a case of minerals presented by Mr. W. J. Chalmers and a number of specimens from the mineral collection presented by Mrs. Charles M. Higginson. In Clarence Buckingham Hall the four remaining cases of syste- matic rocks have been fitted with new backgrounds and reinstalled. A much needed improvement has been provided by the installation of electric light in the case of large gypsum crystals from Utah. This lighting of the interior of the case, and the display of the transparency of the crystals obtained through it, gives a very pleasing effect. } In Hall 36, devoted to petroleums, clays et cetera, much progress was made in the work of changing backgrounds and reinstallation. Forty-one cases were emptied and their backgrounds refinished. Of these cases, thirty-four have been reinstalled. This work has required a double handling of the entire collections of pigments, clays, sands, soils, fuller’s earths and graphites, and much of the coal and petroleum collections. While in many cases the installa- tion is the same as before, changes have been made wherever they seemed desirable. For example, the collection relating to the uses of sand has been enlarged and changed to one illustrating the uses of all forms of silica. The case showing economic uses of sulphur and magnesia has been transferred to the corridor adjoining Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall, and that containing the model of a peat bog and some other exhibits has also been moved to the corridor. Owing to pressure of other work in Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall no changes of backgrounds have yet been undertaken. Some additions have been made to the exhibits in this hall, notably that of the series of potash salts of Texas contributed by the United States Geological Survey. Other revisions of a minor character have been made here. In Ernest R. Graham Hall the work of changing backgrounds and making reinstallations, as well as that of installing artificial lighting for the hall and its cases to replace natural light, was carried on in the first five months of the year. As in the other halls, the work of reinstallation required the removal of every speci- men, the fitting of false backs, readjustment of brackets and shelving and repainting of the whole interiors of cases, as well as of bases and supports of specimens. Except for some cases of inverte- 492 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsTORY—REeEports, Vou. VII brate fossils, this work was completed. The hall was reopened to the public early in June. In order to give space at the ends of the hall for certain large groups now under construction, and to intro- duce some new exhibits, some changes in the arrangement of cases and bases were made. The Yorkville and South American Mas- todon mounts, the cast of the Megatherium and the model of the Moa, all of which had occupied the north end of the hall, were moved to new positions near the center, space being obtained here partly by removal of the cast of Colossochelys. The exhibit illustrating methods of fossilization was withdrawn from the case which it had occupied, and an exhibit comparing ancient and modern plants and animals was installed in its stead. Some new specimens were introduced into this exhibit, part of them having been kindly presented by the General Biological Supply House of Chicago. A case containing ammonites was vacated, and three cases changed in position in order to bring corresponding exhibits into juxtaposition — and make room for the exhibition of the great slab of the crocodile- like reptile, Steneosaurus, acquired during the year. Several specimens obtained by the Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expeditions to South America in 1922-26 were added to the exhibits in the cases devoted to this area. These included skeletal parts of the Pleistocene horse-like animal, Hippideuwm, and of the short-faced bear, Arctodus. An egg of the giant extinct bird Aepyornis from Madagascar was transferred from the Department of Zoology and placed in the case of specimens of extinct birds. The Rancho la Brea fossils, which had previously occupied two cases, were condensed to one case, and in the case thus emptied there was installed a collection of fossil rhinoceros, tapir, tiger-cat _and other remains collected in Mongolia by the Third Asiatic Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History, Field Museum cooperating. Some tusks and other remains of the Mam- moth and a drawing of a restoration of the Mammoth by Mr. C. A. Corwin completed the installation of this case. In another case containing other specimens of the Mammoth and Mastodon, the superb Mammoth tusks presented by Mr. John Borden were in- stalled. Of the first ten mural paintings of the series being presented by Mr. Ernest R. Graham, representing typical scenes in different geological periods, prepared for the hall by Mr. Charles R. Knight, seven have been placed in final position on the walls of the hall. The subjects of these paintings are: The Chicago Coral Reef, tanh :§ ne) ra bees to the ecavem “reas” Reports, Vol. VII, Plate LVI — WILD anet. i en Sin it fi OP-FIELD-AUSEUM |" = y 2 = 2) W Bee = Ms 2 etek : * pine ‘4 . Field Museum of Natural History : Hi Hi i] Ba HER iy E ft Feu, ti tai ee ee iH ig Bi itt iar (i Hi THE-N-W-BARRIS-PUBLIC-SCHOOL: a a Sa? LOANED TO THE SCHOOLS OF CHICAGO BY THEN. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION OF ’ v) TYPE OF CASI LD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY y A 4 FIE One-sixth natural size ELLE LE OO i et Ne Ay ce te JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 493 Horned and Flesh-eating Dinosaurs, The Armored Dinosaur—Stego- saurus, Egg-Laying Dinosaurs, The Moas of New Zealand, Giant Kangaroos and Diprotodons, and The Mastodon. The three others were placed in temporary positions on the walls at the south end of the hall. The subjects of these are: A Cooling Earth, The Begin- nings of Life, and A Sea Beach of the Ordovician Period. Two of these paintings are 25x9 feet in size; the remainder are 11x9 feet. In order to light the hall, the cases, and the paintings entirely _ by artificial light, there were added to the lights previously provided, an extensive series on the east and west sides and on the north and south ends of the hall. These lights are enclosed in boxes attached to the ceiling so as to resemble construction beams, and the rays from them are directed by concealed reflectors toward the walls of the hall. Five lights are provided in each alcove and, since there are nineteen alcoves, a total of 190 lights is provided to illuminate the side walls and paintings. At the ends of the hall, lights are similarly placed parallel to the girders, sixteen lights being provided at each end of the hall. For lighting the upright cases, forty-two in number, four lights are placed at the front of and above each case, with their rays directed through the glazed tops of the cases down- ward and inward by reflectors. Thus the case interiors are well illuminated. These lights are concealed by removable covers. For lighting the cases with sloping tops, the general illumination of the hall is depended upon. The framing of partitions at the north end of the hall for cases to be used for exhibiting the special groups now under construction by Mr. Frederick Blaschke, of New York, is nearly completed and the installation of at least one of these groups is looked for early in 1929. The details of the first group to be installed, that of Neanderthal Man, are now nearly complete, and accessories from shelters actually occupied by these men, which were collected by Mr. Blaschke at Les Eyzies, France, have been received. Great progress was made during the year in the construction of the Carboniferous Forest group which, through the generosity of President Stanley Field, is being carried out in the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories in the Department of Botany. Almost all the large trunks of Sigillaria, Lepidodendron, Lepidophloios and the smaller ones of the Calamites, which are to form the principal mass of the vegetation in this reconstruction of an ancient coal forest, have been molded and cast. The characteristic external surface of the trunks has been secured, wherever possible, as in the 494 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REpPorRTS, VOL. VII case of Lepidodendron and the smaller Sigillaria stems, by applying to the molded trunks a specially prepared cortex produced in a mold which in each case is a perfect replica of corresponding fossils in the Museum’s collections, or in the case of Lepidophloios, of a speci- men kindly loaned for the purpose by the United States National Museum. The large quantity of foliage required for the Calamite recon- structions has been produced also by mechanical means, and alto- gether the work on the material for this exhibit is so far advanced that as soon as the case for the group is built, the parts already completed may begin to be assembled, and will give a fair idea of the eventual appearance of the group. This exhibit is to be installed at the south end of Ernest R. Graham Hall. In the paleontological laboratory a considerable amount of repairing and remounting of vertebrate fossils incident to the rein- stallations in Ernest R. Graham Hall was carried on, and the work of preparing, for exhibition and study, the vertebrate fossils collected by the Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expeditions to South America, was continued. Repairs to specimens included those of broken parts of the skeleton of the extinct bird Dinorms and of the ribs and sacrum of the mounted skeleton of the large dinosaur, Apatosaurus. Specimens newly mounted or remounted include a skull and two limbs and feet of the extinct short-legged aquatic rhinoceros, Teleoceras; of both fore and hind limbs of the North American camel-like animals, Oxydactylus and Stenomylus; a skull of the large, pig-like Elotherium; a skull of the South American hoofed mammal Astrapotherium; a skull of the marine reptile Platecarpus, and a pair of lower jaws of the Mastodon. Specimens cleaned of matrix and prepared for exhibition or study included a part of the skeleton of the large, extinct South American ground sloth, Scelidotherium; several jaws of Hippideum; a jaw of Arctothertum; a skull of Nesodon; additional parts of the skeleton of the little known tapir-like Homalodontotherium; bones of a small _ South American dinosaur; skulls of a new type of a large South American marsupial carnivore, and a skull four feet in length of the great ground sloth, Megatheriwm. A mold and two casts of the Gladstone meteorite acquired during the year were made in this laboratory by Preparator J. B. Abbott for purposes of record and distribution to other institutions. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 495 The chemical laboratory has been in almost constant use through- out the year. For about three months its facilities were largely employed in the preparation of parts of the foliage used in the con- struction of the Forest of the Carboniferous Period. For this work it was found necessary to provide a forced draft for the hood. This was accomplished by installing a blower propelled by an electric motor and connected by a flue with the stack. A rotating cap was also provided for the stack in place of the fixed cover previously used. Many chemical analyses and investigations were carried on in the laboratory by Associate Curator Nichols, the most important being a complete quantitative analysis of the Tilden, Illinois, stone meteorite. Other investigations and analyses were: investigation as to the durability of a number of papers under consideration for use in Museum publications; investigation as to the suitability of a paper desired for special use on a Museum expedition; investigation of a pigment for use on the backgrounds of Museum groups; investi- gation of the nature of a plastic used in taxidermy resulting in dis- covery of the possibility of its preparation at a much lower cost than that at which it had hitherto been obtained; investigation of the causes of sediments in the solutions used in the Divisions of Roentgenology and Photogravure; investigation of a solution used for the preservation of ancient Egyptian textiles; investigation of the nature of the crystals occurring on an Inca skull; analysis of the filling of an Inca tooth; investigation of the nature of a pottery bead, and analysis of the copper used in an aboriginal hoe. In addition, the restoration of Kish bronzes by the Fink electro- lytic method has been carried on in the laboratory almost continu- ously throughout the year under the supervision of Associate Curator Nichols. A large number of these bronzes were restored, and a modified form of the process was devised and used for the removal of a malignant patina that had formed on several Egyptian bronzes. While several years must elapse before it can be determined whether this process will prevent the return of the patina, no indications of its return have thus far been noted. A purely chemical treatment was likewise devised for the treatment of this patina with results which have also thus far been favorable. To the mechanical laboratory equipment consisting of a lathe, circular and scroll saws, and a planer, with two electric motors for operating them, was added during the year, and the work in the laboratory was thereby greatly facilitated. The preparation of 496 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII the linings and battens and the refitting of shelves for sixty-four upright cases was carried on here by Preparator Valerie Legault, who also installed the linings and shelves in the cases. The frame- works for three large tree trunks, eighteen feet in height, for the Carboniferous Forest group were also constructed here by Preparator Legault and several bases for mounts in Ernest R. Graham Hall were made by him. Under the supervision of Associate Curator Nichols, a model of an oil well for exhibition in connection with the exhibit of petroleums in Hall 36 was brought nearly to completion in this laboratory. The model is six feet high, three and one-half feet long and eight and one-half inches deep. It is intended to reproduce essentially the features of a small area in the Lawrenceville, Illinois, oil district. The scale of the model is five feet to the inch. As this scale does not, however, give opportunity to show the true depth at which the oil occurs, a gap is left in the model between the surface features and that part of the model showing the oil-bearing strata. The surface features show a derrick, pumps, engine, equipment for drilling and various accessories employed both to drill a well and to raise the oil to the surface. The strata passed through to reach the oil are shown in their relative positions, and the relative situations of the oil, gas and salt water in the oil-bearing strata are also shown. The dissimilarities of the strata are brought out by differences in color and texture in the materials used in constructing the model, and they correspond to those which actually occur in the formations passed through in the Lawrenceville district. ZOOLOGY.—FProgress in the preparation and installation of habitat groups of large mammals was unusual, probably exceeding that of any previous year. Four groups of large size were finished and are now on exhibition, as well as one group of small antelopes. Also four cases of large mammals were added to the classified exhibits in George M. Pullman Hall. Of outstanding interest was the initiation of installations of Asiatic mammals in William V. Kelley Hall. Case construction for one-fourth of this hall was completed, and two important groups were put in place. These were the groups of Marco Polo’s sheep and the Asiatic ibex, both prepared from specimens obtained by Colonel Theodore Roosevelt and Kermit Roosevelt on the James Simpson— Roosevelts Asiatic Expedition of Field Museum. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 497 The group of Marco Polo’s sheep consists of five animals, three males and two females, shown crossing a rocky incline at the base of snow-clad cliffs in the Pamir range of Turkestan at an elevation of about 16,000 feet. The whole effect forms a beautiful picture, carrying an impressive demonstration of the bleak, forbidding nature of the habitat of these graceful animals. The group of Asiatic ibex portrays a scene in the Thien Shan Mountains of south central Asia. As in the sheep group, the condi- tions represented are those of great elevation, but instead of sweeping slopes, broken ridges and mountain tops, there are precipitous, close-walled canyons with nearly perpendicular sides. The central figure of the group is a magnificent ram carrying long, curving horns of record size, an animal which fell to the rifle of Mr. Kermit Roosevelt. Its horns rank among the great hunting trophies of the world. A slightly smaller ram is shown feeding in a precarious position above the central figure, and at the sides are a young ram and old ewes with small kids. Both of these groups are very successful, and reflect great credit upon Taxidermist Julius Friesser, who mounted the animals, and Staff Artist Charles A. Corwin, who painted the backgrounds. Two mammal groups, prepared chiefly from specimens ob- tained by the Field Museum-—Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition, were completed during the year. One is a large group of the handsome mountain nyala, and the other a small group of the diminutive antelopes known as dik diks. Both are the work of Taxidermist Leon L. Pray, and both have been installed in Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall. The group of mountain nyala consists of five animals, a fine large bull in prime condition, presented by Captain Harold A. White, a smaller bull, two females, and a half grown young animal. These are represented as slightly startled while standing close together on a high open mountain ridge. Like other African groups in the same hall, this one is prepared without painted background, being open on three sides. An improved method of lighting has been applied to it with a very effective result. The group of dik diks, although small in size, has proved to be very attractive. A pair of adult animals, scarcely larger than jack- rabbits, are shown with a tiny, newly-born young one standing in thornbrush and other peculiar plant growth characteristic of semi- arid parts of eastern Africa. | 498 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII k In the hall of American mammal habitat groups, a group of glacier bears was installed in the last remaining space in the eastern half of the hall, thus bringing to completion its first major unit which now includes twelve large groups of high quality. The glacier bear group has for a setting the picturesque glacier-bound mountains of the Alaskan coast. An old female bear is shown with her three cubs, the mother lying down by an alder bush with her eyes watchfully devoted to the youngsters, one of which is curled up beside her, while the others are playfully perched on nearby rocks. The group was prepared by Taxidermist C. J. Albrecht. In George M. Pullman Hall several important additions and improvements were made to the classified exhibit of hoofed mam- mals. A case of American mountain sheep shows the Canada sheep or Rocky Mountain bighorn, the Lower California sheep, the Stone’s sheep of northern British Columbia, and the Alaskan sheep or Dall’s sheep. These are variously posed on a single base of artificial rock- work. Another new case in George M. Pullman Hall is devoted to two fine specimens of the European red deer, presented to Field Museum by Lord Astor of England. A full grown stag with fully developed antlers is here posed on a natural base, with a young male of the abnormal type known in Scotland as a “cromie.” Tufts of Scotch heather are seen at their feet, and the whole effect is very pleasing. The specimens were mounted by Taxidermist Leon L. Pray. Further new features in the systematic exhibit of mammals are single specimens of the rare and peculiar giraffe-like mammal known as the okapi, and a large bull mountain nyala, each of which occupies an entire case. The okapi was secured by Mr. Edmund Heller on the Captain Marshall Field Central African Expedition, and has been carefully prepared by Taxidermist C. J. Albrecht. Reinstallation of five screens of mammals was carried out in Hall 15, and all old style cases were eliminated from this hall. In Hall 21 a case of American ducks was installed with sixty-nine specimens belonging to forty species, representing a practically complete collection of this group of birds. A pair of the extinct Labrador ducks is shown, the male being in replica, because the actual specimen possessed by the Museum is too valuable to risk remounting. Six specimens were added to the case of diving birds and gulls. Two cases of fishes were placed in Hall 18 to occupy the remaining space in the east half of this hall. The species shown are representa- JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 499 tive food and game fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. One case is devoted to rays and skates secured from the Marine Biological Laboratory of Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and the other to misceilaneous fishes, including three important game fishes of Florida waters, the barra- cuda, the king mackerel and the amberjack, prepared from specimens presented by Mr. A. F. Millet of Chicago. The new cases of fishes were installed experimentally on screens of pale green color with labels tinted to match. The effect was so satisfactory that reinstallation of another case in the same manner was carried out, and a beginning made for the use of this color for screens throughout the fish exhibits. The exhibits of reptiles and amphibians, for which new material has been accumulating, were greatly improved by the installation of two new cases of the A-type in Hall 18. One of these contains fourteen specimens representing nine species of frogs and toads, nine specimens of six species of salamanders, and a Belize crocodile. The species shown are mainly North American and, with few excep- tions, the preparation is by the process of reproduction in cellulose acetate, the so-called “celluloid” process, developed by Taxidermist Leon L. Walters. The second case includes twenty-four specimens of twenty-one species of snakes, mostly common American species among which are several varieties of rattlesnakes and other poisonous snakes. The selection and preparation of insects for exhibition was advanced to a point where material for two cases is ready for installa- tion, awaiting only the printing of labels. One of these provides for an improved and enlarged series of scorpions, centipedes and spiders, and the other for 336 species and varieties of North American butterflies. The osteological exhibit of mounted skeletons was transferred in toto from Hall 17 to Hall 19, providing space for construction necessary in the development of Hall 17 for habitat groups of Asiatic mammals. Corals and other marine invertebrates were temporarily placed on the south side of Hall 17. Construction of built-in cases for the habitat groups of American mammals was begun and carried to an advanced stage in the west half of Hall 16. During construction work in Hall 16, several groups of American mammals were trans- ferred to temporary positions in the south half of Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall. In this hall important changes in lighting method were undertaken by which the cases are individually illuminated by lights concealed in the tops of the cases. At the close of the year work was in progress to continue these changes throughout the hall. 500 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII The paintings of Abyssinian birds and mammals by the late L. A. Fuertes were transferred from Stanley Field Hall to Hall 21, and a part of them removed to smaller cases. Duplicate or outworn material, numbering 501 mounted birds and sixty-one mounted mammals, was disposed of. Five more large groups of mammals were in various stages of preparation at the close of the year. These are the Indian rhinoceros, Alaskan brown bear, polar bear, South American swamp deer, and African cony or dassie. A case of waders and shore birds for the systematic exhibit of American birds was nearing completion. Progress was made in storing, preparing, and caring for the unusual amount of material recently received in raw condition from expeditions. The entire collection of large mammal skins was over- hauled and rearranged, and superfluous specimens were eliminated. The skin dresser was occupied with much fresh material, and in - addition 181 skins were dressed by outside agencies. Skulls of mammals to the number of 1,375 were cleaned under contract, and 987 by the Museum osteologist, making a total of 2,862 cleaned. Rearrangement of the reference collections of mammals and birds was carried out so far as available cases and drawers would permit. Six of the new metal cases are now in full use in the Division of Mammals and eight in the Division of Birds. During recent years, incoming material has been given temporary storage in scattered places wherever space could be found. This condition is now partially relieved and, at least in certain groups, all material of one kind may be found together. The trays in the new cases have been supplied with metal label holders in which labels have been placed showing the contents of each tray and thus greatly facilitating the nes tion of the specimens. THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION Sixteen years ago, in 1912, through the generosity of Mr. N. W. Harris, the Museum added this Department. Its function is to extend the work of the Museum into the schools of Chicago by delivering to them portable cases containing natural history and economic exhibits. Since that time 1,070 cases have been prepared. Fifty of these were completed in 1928. During these sixteen years there has been a revolutionary advance in methods of preparing and modes of exhibiting natural history OZIS [BINn}BVU P.AIG}-9uG— SoMojyVloqe'y uotjonpoidsy yuviq ple Aejuryg ut poonpoadeyzy (62 IPH) OFT JUe[d JO [2H Ut palfeqsuy Spoos 9[qipo YIM 9o1) UROIIeUTYy [Roldo1, Vy MAHSVO franc INIMARKT THIN ASN TAT NIAT TF [ed 5 if / x _ . . t aay - te 7 é 5 a md . ” La rn JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 501 material. This Department has kept pace with that advance in all its phases. The cases prepared in recent years have carefully fitted backgrounds and foregrounds, providing a complete natural setting for the specimens displayed. Like the larger stationary cases in the Museum, they represent an almost perfect illusion of the subject as it appears in nature. Although the preparation of such cases is much more intricate, and makes greater demands on the time of the preparators, the production in numbers of new cases has been main- _ tained. : The cases are prepared with every regard for their greatest possible durability. Considering the very frequent transportation, with inevitable changes of temperature and humidity which they undergo, and the almost constant handling by children in the schools, the breakage has been very small. In 1928 repairs were made to 329 cases, and every case was given a thorough inspection and cleaning. The regular service of two cases to each school, changed every two weeks, has been maintained for 402 institutions. Of this number 382 are schools: 371 of them public, five private, five Roman Catholic, and one Lutheran. The other institutions are eight Y. M. C. A’s., five branch libraries, three community centers, one boy’s club, one hospital, one orphanage, and one boy’s detention home. For the summer vacation period forty-three cases were loaned for display at Navy Pier, twelve to the Junior Department of the Art I[n- stitute, and twelve to Camp Algonquin, a camp for Chicago children of needy families. Cases were shipped out of town to institutions as follows: two to the Nashville Museum of Art, two to the Children’s Museum at St. Joseph, Missouri, two to the Buffalo Museum of Science, four to the Chicago, South Shore and South Bend Railroad for display in South Bend, and ten, by the request of the Director of the Illinois Department of Conservation, to the Illinois State Fair at Springfield. Six cases were loaned for the Merit Badge Exposition of the Chicago Boy Scouts at the 13lst Regiment Armory. A dozen cases were used to make a Field Museum exhibition at the Inter- national Live Stock Exposition at the Union Stock Yards, thus effectively reaching thousands of out-of-town visitors. ART RESEARCH CLASSES During the past year the art research work conducted in Field Museum by classes from the Art Institute of Chicago has gained materially over previous years, both in the quality of the artistic production, and in the public’s acceptance of the general need of 502 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII such study. The value of this type of research has been recognized by other schools of art, and the plan followed in the work has been adopted by other museums and kindred institutions. Several hundred students, both from beginners’ and advanced classes in the Art Institute, participate in these studies. The Art Institute provides the instructors, and Field Museum makes avail- able its study collections, as well as the publicly exhibited material, for sketching and research. Much meritorious pictorial and design work has been produced by the students in these classes. DIVISION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS The attention of the public has been drawn to Field Museum’s activities, through publicity in the daily press of Chicago, and the press of the entire United States, to a greater extent during 1928 than in any previous year. Also, the more important news concerning the Museum has been given world-wide circulation by international news agencies. In addition to newspaper publicity, the Museum has received attention in important periodicals of various kinds; it has benefited from advertising, given as in past years without charge, through the generosity of those in control of various advertising media; and it has received further publicity through radio broadcasting and in motion picture newsreels. The Museum’s own direct adver- tising efforts, through distribution of direction folders and other literature designed to attract more visitors from among both local residents and strangers in the city, have been continued as in past years. NEWSPAPER PUBLICITY.—The Division of Public Relations released a total of 349 news stories during 1928, or an average of more than six each week. Copies of these stories were furnished to the seven major daily newspapers of Chicago; to some sixty com- munity and neighborhood papers published in the city; to more than fifty of Chicago’s foreign language newspapers; to some fifty suburban newspapers covering all the principal suburbs, cities and towns within a fifty-mile radius of Chicago; and to all the principal national and international news agencies. Many of these stories were accompanied by photographs, prints from 261 negatives having been released by the Museum, copies of each of these being sent to a list of twenty-one newspapers and news photograph agencies, through which hundreds of additional copies were distributed to newspapers all over the country. The _ 8 UL eee JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 503 photographs have been especially well received by newspapers publishing rotogravure sections. Inasmuch as the interest of editors necessarily reflects the interest of the public, it is especially gratifying to record the fact that during the year the Museum has received numerous requests from important newspapers and news feature writers asking that their names be added to the publicity mailing list. The news stories ranged from items of fifty words or so up to full column articles, the majority running from about one-half to two-thirds of a column. Every story released was printed in several Chicago newspapers and many in all; and the majority of them received extensive space in papers throughout the country. In many cases newspaper staff writers have expanded these releases into full page feature articles. Many Museum activities reported in the press have drawn editorial comment both in Chicago papers and the papers of many other cities. Especially notable publicity was that given the Museum by the Chicago Sunday Tribune on the color page of its rotogravure section. On March 11 the entire front color page was devoted to reproducing three of the striking habitat groups in the exhibits of the Depart- ment of Zoology. This was followed by a series of color pictures of material in N. W. Harris Public School Extension cases, published on several Sundays during the spring. On the Sunday before Thanks- giving a full page was devoted to a reproduction in colors of the Museum’s habitat group of wild turkeys. The Museum hereby extends to the publishers of the Tribune, to Mr. John Alcock, Sunday editor, and to Mr. Godfrey Lundberg, color photographer, its thanks for their kind interest which resulted in giving the Museum this extremely valuable space and effective publicity. Likewise, grateful recognition is herewith given to the other departments of the Chicago Tribune, also to the Chicago Daily News, Chicago Daily Journal, Chicago Evening Post, Chicago Herald and Examiner, Chicago Evening American, Chicago Journal of Com- merce, and to the national and international news agencies, such as the Associated Press, United Press, International News Service, Universal Service, and Science Service, for their generous coopera- tion which has contributed so greatly to the success of the Museum’s publicity efforts. Special publicity was obtained through cooperative arrange- ments between the Museum and officials of the International Live Stock Exposition. 504 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII Indicating the extent of the newspaper publicity received, the records show that an average of nearly 1,600 clippings of articles mentioning the Museum are being received each month. As no complete coverage of even the English language newspapers is available, and certain groups such as foreign language papers are not covered at all by the clipping services, this number represents only a part of the space given the Museum. The highest monthly receipt of clippings was in September, with 2,822. The total number of clippings for the year was 19,105. PUBLICITY IN PERIODICALS.—Many special articles on the Museum and its activities, some prepared at the Museum on the request of editors, and others written by outside writers, usually illustrated with photographs furnished by the Museum, have appeared in general and popular magazines, trade journals, scientific publications, and other periodicals. Among the more important publications in which this material has appeared are Scienizfic American, Chicago Commerce, Popular Mechanics, Science, Popular Science, Americana Annual, International Year Book, Art and Arch- aeology, Science News Letter, Museums Journal (London), and — American Year Book. ADVERTISING.—As in past years, the Museum has been fortu- nate in having a wide variety of advertising media generously placed at its disposal without charge. Particularly notable was the action of the Chicago Evening American, which, in October, had prepared and gave space to a full page advertisement about the Museum, and then at its own expense bought full pages in other Chicago newspapers for republi- cation of this advertisement. Carrying the heading, ‘‘Field Museum —where stay-at-home Chicago sees the world,” this advertisement attracted a great deal of attention and stirred much public interest. Grateful acknowledgement is hereby made to the Evening American and its publisher, Mr. Herman Black. The Chicago Rapid Transit Company, and associated inter- urban lines, distributed 50,000 Field Museum descriptive folders, and again kindly displayed in Elevated Lines stations a series of colored posters of Museum exhibits. The Chicago, North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad again allotted space throughout the year to Museum exhibits and lectures in its ‘This Week’s Events” posters displayed at all stations between Chicago and Milwaukee. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 505 The Chicago Surface Lines continued its generosity of previous years by printing at its own expense, and displaying in the street cars, colored overhead posters advertising the Museum. The Illinois Central Railroad and the Chicago and North Western Railway displayed at their city and suburban stations placards announcing Field Museum lecture courses. These posters were likewise displayed in Marshall Field and Company’s retail store, and in libraries, schools and other institutions. From a half page to a page of advertising space was given the Museum in practically all Chicago theatre programs. This is a courtesy which has now continued for several years, and is extended by the Clyde W. Riley Advertising System, publishers of The Playgoer. The Chicago Civic Opera Company again generously gave the Museum a free page advertisement in its programs. The Museum was widely advertised in connection with excur- sions to Chicago conducted by various railroads, notably the Chicago and North Western Railway. Approximately 100,000 Field Museum descriptive folders were distributed by the Museum and cooperating agencies, including local transportation companies, practically every railroad and lake steamship line entering the city, and all principal hotels, clubs, travel bureaus and department stores. Supplies of these folders were furnished each month also to the officers and delegates of the many conventions held in the city. Through the cooperation of the University of Chicago and Northwestern University, Museum literature was distributed to thousands of students. The house organs for customers and em- ployes published by the Stevens Hotel, Marshall Field and Company, People’s Gas Light and Coke Company, Commonwealth Edison Company, Montgomery Ward and Company, Illinois Bell Tele- phone Company, Chicago Motor Coach Company, and many other firms, and the advertising folders of many railroads, lake steamship lines, and hotels helped to advertise the Museum. RADIO.—Radio broadcasting by local stations contributed much to the publicity received by Field Museum during 1928. Among stations which cooperated were those of the Chicago Daily News, Chicago Tribune, Evening American, Evening Post, Journal, Herald and Examiner, and the Chicago Federation of Labor. Radio talks on behalf of the Museum were broadcast also by lecturers of the Outing and Recreation Bureau, which is maintained by a group of local and suburban transportation companies and other public utilities. | 506 FIELD MusEuM oF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII NEWSREELS.—Motion pictures also brought Field Museum activities before the public. These included newsreels taken by International Newsreel, Kinograms, Chicago Daily News, Pathé and special films taken by the Chicago, South Shore and South Bend Railroad. PAMPHLETS. — Special publicity was given the work done among school children by the Museum in a pamphlet prepared by the Division of Public Relations entitled ‘‘Field Museum and the Child,’’ in which the activities of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension Department and the James Neilson and Anna Louise Raymond Public School and Children’s Lecture Division are out- lined. This pamphlet was widely distributed among school officials, principals, teachers, Members of the Museum, and other persons likely to be interested in this subject. The Field Museum folder, ‘““One of the World’s Treasure Houses,”’ was revised up to date and a new edition published, and a large amount of general editorial work was done by the Division of Public Relations. DIVISION OF PRINTING During 1928 the output of the Division of Printing has again greatly exceeded that of previous years. This is especially true of exhibition labels, for which a special need arose in order that certain halls on the ground floor with anthropological exhibits could be opened to the public. No noteworthy change or increase in the equipment was made during the year, but in order that the composition on publications could be advanced in a satisfactory manner, a monotype operator for a night shift was added to the staff on July 1. Asa result of this addition excellent progress was made during the past six months on the composition work for regular publications, guides, leaflets, childrens’ stories, and other jobs requiring an unusual amount of typesetting. | The following publications were printed and bound during the period under review: Number of copies Publication 246—Contents and Index to Volume XIV.............. 1,000 Publication 247—A New Crocodile from New Guinea....°.......... 1,021 Publication 248—Annual Report of the Director for 1927........... 3,800 Publication 249—The Marine Fishes of Panama................... 1,530 Publication 250—-A New Genus of Aquatic Rodents................ 1,017 Publication 251—Reptiles Collected in Salvador..................- 1, O17 Publication 252—Notes on South American Caimans............... 1,010 Publication 253—-The Prehistory of Aviation..............0..00-08- tesco ae - JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 507 Anthropology Leaflet No. 27—The Giraffe in History and Art....... 3,015 em MbrSenI ANG tHe CHUNG) ono. ila ds als viele ou stele celels ervielsis 4,426 GenerainGuide (Twelfth Mdition)..0 00. 6.).60 6b. cc se eee oe ee vielen es 4,825 General Guide (Thirteenth Pdition). 25.2... cb ek eee cee ee ee 7,500 LET ELG) TUS IOT TST Bg (gn) B40) 0) an ee 250 Direction Folders for Rapid Transit Company (8 pages)........... 50,450 Direction Folders for Division of Public Relations (6 pages)......... fap l2o Pears itera MO MEI CEI ISES Yl aise oles ls kisloscole welds widlesie piles eee cae sale 500 Wee ne ETICC ISS Tie MM ee Eble eile tee ela ere ae 2 370 Taxidermy and Sculpture (Akeley Portfolio)...................... 5,000 Pictonal ost: Gard AIDUMS:. osc ee BEN ee SR ANA Ete 2,900 MARE miaOSt CALGON OUIMS eo) oo oils eli go gl Bdleln gc eels dae dees 165 Miniature Sets of Exterior and Interior of Building................ 450 Post Cards—New View of Building..............0.0...0 00. cece 6,750 Posti@aras-—Old View of Building... ......:5 5.005.050 cee cee sees 9,000 Motalanumber Of COPS. 255 sedis e ie cles ok selec sce o's cos 180 , 644 The number of labels and other impressions was as follows: : Exhibition Other labels impressions LA SEUSTSEG) DOGG 6 6, Ve Re a aT 8,046 7,205 PGA SES eta ele sie eels eles 745 39,920 SE GENS OC A ee 2,396 500 PG OOP a 1,001 27,600 Waleed SPE AGETI STONE ee lc uals Sell otgie oi oils cles s side eeib ace 371 5,589 SERGE so bs jes OS eae ie nee ne ea 411,959 AWAIT OVISTOM iG ola ed lec mele die'ele | cae e 267,130 Me COREDOIIIC SOCICUY. ci. lk ee ee ccc dice casa ceeee Uabees 9,250 TUCO TEDS 5, StL aie Ma a ORR eT RB 12 SOO OMstoS DIVISIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHY, ROENTGENOLOGY AND ILLUSTRATION PHOTOGRAPHY.—The total number of lantern slides, negatives and prints made by the Division of Photography during the year amounted to 25,362. The following tabulation is a summary of the work performed: Number Number Number Number Number of Number of of of of of negatives transparent lantern negatives prints enlargements developed labels slides made made made for field made made expeditions Anthropology..... 559 1,680 9,221 120 642 OUATUV ees ljeie sae: 76 665 1,523 93 uae Geology.......... 438 819 595 6 36 ee LEO(S) la ea 40 244 1,401 58 46 49 Harris Extension... ... 155 150 56 Hate airs Raymond Division 482 67 765 eats Photogravure..... she 619 230 Publicity i ose 201 3,678 Generale ssi 13 180 SRE es Masao. 6 i 260 SIGE aS A ea 244 Totals...... 1,546 4,463 18,247 333 124 49 508 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VII ROENTGENOLOGY.—Considerable publicity was given to the X-ray work of the Museum in 1928. As a result, international attention has been attracted to the findings made by the Division of Roent- genology. Much careful experimentation has been devoted toward perfect- ing a technique that will adapt itself to the penetration of the unusual substances that have been submitted to the X-ray labora- tory for study. In mummy packages, for instance, to obtain a shadow of the skeletal structure of the body, the bandages and wrappings, and often even the coffin must be penetrated also. The | anthropological specimens that have been X-rayed are all mummies contained in their original wrappings, and development of these films brought many surprises. In the mummy of a child, for instance, it was found that the arms had been removed and the legs broken, presumably to make the body fit a coffin too small for it. From all outward appearances this package seemed to contain the entire body of the child. The original wrappings have never been disturbed, and this mutilated condition was not even suspected until the X-ray film was made. ) X-ray examination of another mummy, that of an adult Egyptian disclosed the fact that the arms and torso were missing. The head was suspended to the pelvic region by a board, and the cavity normally occupied by the missing parts was filled with some radiolucent material that casts almost no shadow on the X-ray film. Pathological conditions, identical with present-day ills such as arthritis, genu valgum, scoliosis, et cetera, are clearly defined on some of the films. These findings have been corroborated by Dr. Cora A. Matthews of the Cook County Hospital. Life-size prints of the above described X-ray films have been placed on exhibition in Hall J. These prints are in close proximity to the original mummies so that interesting comparisons can be made. PHOTOGRAVURE.—Following is a list of the photogravure illus- trations and postal cards completed during the year 1928: Number of prints Publication tlustrations: (0.000026 oo Oe ee 133,500 Leaflet Tustrationsesc oo.) cco ea ik wcnle sh elon oe 70,000 Design. Series Hlustrations. 22.0. ...0 06 oe ee 63,000 Guide! COVERS ie Wor ise buses Se Ls Dol ed eee 20,000 African Hall Guide illustrations: ..’s.0...20 2.0). 6 eee ee 52,500 Posters’ nee a Lire doe Nelly aie. 6 loll cai IG ARUN hee ee 1,900 Postal-cardsjn seriese ees See 195,000 Postal cards (general) 2 eee Ue 96,000 Special (membership: headings)... eg ae cae Ae YA eee 1,375 [eH weyeiy “yy ysouIgy qYysuy “YW SsepeyH Aq poqureg WeYyBly “YY ISOUIGT JO FLD (snanvsob37§) UMNVSONIG GAHAUOWUV AO NOILLVUOLSAU “ONILLNIVd TVUNW = TITA'T $92 1d ‘TIA “OA ‘8}10d0y A1OASIFT [eAnyeNy JO winesny] PIPL Pe JAN. 1929 §= ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 509 ARTIST.—The following is a record of the work accomplished during the year by this Division: Pemeetenast GOTAWINGS MAGE... ool ec ook wane ec wb eed wa dae eielees 350 RRM AIN GIN OS ro hein fee ee uterine adds lace Web wialebu ie oiwle ss 2 PORTED TIPE TPID Sia AN ney amas ra ne eS Bia aN gn ee ae eee een eae fae” MOIS POCA COLOL OC eg it sca ai cpeval cca Ad hie hs Gidlelere ale alee ali 390 otmaearerrepiles MeGOUCHE I i cia kk A techno 5 tio cis deel ee wegen osle deans 75 Memrnouestplocked and lettered ..o. 6. ec cd ce ka ce wecs ce deccseuee 147 PPaweawanane |ettered oo cs ine ee ce eS beg cc wate aesecleeces il Maps letcered and tinted... ..,... 66.0.0 .0 eee nee Pal Gr EN Wei ae et PO A 70 USS) SAT TSS TET GS MNT mv ee ts ae 1 MESPECINEMCICNOAVCE. Mo se lego eG aloe ocd coos Oy ET epee Mea eget aa 1 Papesenty mish publicationdettered 1... ok ce le ek ce eee ea cee ce 10 SMMC CHMEMECOLORCOC (a1) he et es sh laisse ha tite ois Wisin ge Gv ba be dale seus 1 Pamtimeoy: Cnaries RK. Knight retouched. 2: 2.2.0... .6 cc oe ee we ee 1 MOORE ESMUEN ETO IECECU ioe ee aoe ev olelelv bbe Sas viele Oe.e keen Gals 24 OOOO ee Oe lee cd vies See Oe te a Ras cote eosin ea 1 BL ISBEL STENTS TRS athe Og EI Rr re it ce et ery eg cee ee Aa 50 Seating plan of Simpson Theatre drawn and lettered..................... 1 TSGUEBI EC ela iS Ee SP ae kU BER Oe Ce RCCL iy etn VU ee ee 1,147 DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS Increased interest in Field Museum and its activities is evidenced by the growing number of public-spirited citizens who have become Members. Following is a classified list of the total number of member- ships, of which 1,365 were added during the year 1928. The names of the Members will be found elsewhere in this report. TE OAH RS Sts aah cluitea alien G aarake te piataly were cles oa se ea bes 15 CSOD TIRE TRE NUSTTE LETS A RA Ae re ie DS ae a Occ 18 Re Rai A I te a ae iia a wales weal claw bie ew os 26 MEER Aeee VICHISCES ys i oo eal aie okie cle wn eval Gs Hie ie Sietdue ein ehe wc 45 MOR ERDES ie e oitii Sosie 1s sv ac bide nie Gs ¢ ele 8 ale eivie ovo tad ebie Gee bie ais 324 MBHIEeSIG CME te, NECIMDCIS . 00 bce lc oa ee eee bw ce ewe ees nee chee 5 eee M IV PCEMDOES 0 he tye sae Siu cieie he coe Wleinre a Ae owie wiclole lepsbaeo ee each 1,768 Men-nesident associate Members. 2.6.5 6. ee cc ew ee eae ces 1 SOS S NUUS ar] CSTE a Ae ee as pe ee ot 364 PRANIMERCPIMBICPETIV NEES 9 6 Siete sot) s iS Seer s iste eves si S%, oe cilelesievs aigiaiainle vie aides le se be 2,655 PRO EMVUCTIIDCESNIPS cee cs nse Ok viele Oe eee Ge Ge SN oe was 5,221 CAFETERIA During the year 86,308 Museum visitors were furnished refresh- ments in the cafeteria located on the ground floor, an increase of 1,956 over the number served in 1927. The cafeteria is not operated by the Museum, but is under the management of a concessionaire. In the pages which follow are submitted the Museum’s financial statements, lists of accessions, names of Members, et cetera. STEPHEN C. Simms, Dvrector. 510 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII ATTENDANCE STATISTICS AND DOOR RECEIPTS FROM JANUARY 1, 1928 TO DECEMBER 31, 1928 Total attendance 2 2.202 oe gicseiotee eee ee nee ene Paid-attendance ois sicujises ses ceo eres alee ee eee 137,607 Free admissions on pay days: Students 2 eared ei aves saudio oats la wie es a cre! eed pn ee 11,031 School childrens: 5 oh. a Ok ee ee 50,525 Teachersiscd)c is. Wee bane eb ole @ acon eeies oe LeeLee 2,677 Mem bersi) Haat ee pial wie anes Croubhers icles ere ae ee ae 1,295 Admissions on free days: Thursdays «(52) 2705 wcities co welstels ose ec oie = 126,579 Saturdays-(82) 4.6 wu oes set aki he ee ee eee tee 238,561 Sundays (53) Scsce et wee 4 ae ce eines eee 455,352 Highest attendance on any day (August 19,1928)........ 20,894 Lowest attendance on any day (December 21, 1928)..... 146 Highest paid attendance (September 3,1928)............ 9,000 Average daily admissions (866 days)...........cccc+eees 2,796 Average paid admissions (209 days) ............cccce00% 658 Number’ of guidesisold 52408025 saw one ce eee 8,282 Number of ‘articles checked.2% 020) seco bees ee 19,428 Number of picture postal cards sold...............sc0ee 132,877 Sales of publications, leaflets, handbooks and photographs. . $4,087.42 1,023,627 JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 511 GENERAL FUND STATEMENT OF CASH RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS AT DECEMBER 31, 1928 Balance, December’ 31, 1927. 6c cece ee eee $ 32,285.83 RECEIPTS Income—Endowment, General, Miscellaneous and PP OORMECCCEIDES Se) cis ike ass bleleleielelece cbs saleilies eels $ 319,874.15 South Park Commissioners... .........ce0cccec0008 212,637.59 SIG MUMMEECIDUS ee cielo t cic sic ccc cieeiec Sees sececesie us 22,565.72 MMe TICES See aie ioc edo glee ciaG, cee bid ce esos a 65,800.00 PS OMETIUUIONS i ioiiis cc sof ole dic le éldce avbie sab decdiewal's 410,645.56 Securities sold and matured....................6- 697,270.73 EAI GATIS PE a ies alee ov ela aes oeldeee doe ee 56,100.00 1,784,893.75 | $1,817,179.58 DISBURSEMENTS GBCYATINGWEXDCNSCS 2)... ccc ce ccc ce seseceecess $ 560,608.38 ERPCCUEIONS Hiei clsccla'sl< c's cls ele alc le.e0'c.s eee em ecie 61,267.71 Collections OUTChAased : . 0... ee cc cee cacceses 55,020,70 MurniGurev and fXtUrES. 2.2... cece cece ccccccses 28,585.92 SECUPILICS PUTCNASEO.. . si. cc cece cee ceccscccsces 831,462.08 Annuities on contingent gifts................e0008 39,665.00 Additions to building and equipment.............. 44,097.95 SAM RMIGANSUTCD AIG oe ee ek se ee Selec eee eslee ees 144,752.00 $1,765,459.74 Transferred to Sinking Fund................ce00. 10,000.00 1,775,459.74 Balance: December:31, 1928... . 0.0... 0c. we ee es $ 41,719.84 512 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENSES FOR THE YEAR 1928 Interest and dividends on investments ............ccccceccceces $ 20,345.98 Operating expenses. 055 .(./bicie cei cies cies oicle cietee ole celeron eae 20,809.76 Excess of expenses over income ........ ccc eee c cece ccc ceces $ 463.78 STANLEY FIELD PLANT REPRODUCTION FUND STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENSES FOR THE YEAR 1928 Balance, December 3119274. oo oss ccc c cleiecleleie cole ene eee $ 186.14 Contributions by Stanley Field during 1928.............ccccceee 17,322.00 $ 17,508.14 Operating expenses —— 1928. eeceoecoeceeeeoeceeceeecee eeccoseeseeceeceecee 16,857.66 Balance, December 31, 1928.........+. esis clele\elele acta aterae 650.48 ) JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 513 ACCESSIONS DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY AMERICAN FRIENDS OF CHINA, MISS K. 8S. BUCKINGHAM, MARTIN A. RYERSON, CHARLES B. GOODSPEED, ‘JOHN JAY ABBOTT, Chicago (Herbert J. Devine, collector). 8 ancient jade objects: 1 dragon carving, 1 Han decorated disk, 3 decorated kwei pi, 1 archaic bird figure, 1 sword hilt, 1 gray bottle with cover—China (gift). AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATU- RAL HISTORY, New York City. 1 wooden temple-drum—Marquesas Islands, Polynesia (exchange). ANDREWS, HELEN PUTNAM, Ithaca, New York. 1 doll—Kalabate, Nubia, (gift). AYER, MRS. EDWARD E., Chicago (Edward E. Ayer, collector). 1 red marble bust of Artemis, in Greco-Roman archaistic style— Italy (gift). BEASLEY, HARRY G., Chiselhurst, Kent, England. 130 ethnological objects: 122 gold weights, Ashanti; 1 wooden mask, Yoruba; 1 wooden bowl, Zulu; 1 fetish, 1 ivory tobacco-pipe, Fang, Congo; 3 bone hair-pins, Gaboon; 1 loom, Santa Cruz, Melanesia— West and Southeast Africa, and Santa Cruz, Melanesia (ex- change). BORLAND, MRS. CHAUNCEY B., Chicago. 1 fossil turtle of the Miocene period, covered with archaic Chinese in- scriptions—Shen-si Province, China (gift). BRITISH MUSEUM, London, Eng- land. 21 ethnological objects: flax cloaks, clubs, canoe model, carved wood- en feather-box, pounder, tapas, and stone celts—New Zealand, Marquesas Islands, Hervey Is- lands, Fiji, Hawaii, Ashanti (exchange). Africa Fotuna, BULAWAYO MUSEUM, Bulawayo, South Africa. 10 large stone implements of paleo- lithic type (coups de poing)— Bulawayo, South Africa (ex- change). CARMONA, MR. AND MBS. MICHAKL, Chicago. 6 ethnological objects: 1 silk night- gown, 1 embroidered shawl, 1 silk wrapper, 1 pair of wooden shoes, 1 ivory comb, 1 embroid- ered towel—Constantinople and Adrianople, Turkey (gift). CHALMERS, WILLIAM J., Chicago. 5 pictures: 2 water-colors and 2 color-prints, Japan, and 1 water- color, China—Japan and China (gift). CHICAGO CHAPTER OF AMERI- CAN LEGION (CAPTAIN J. R. RUSSELL), Chicago. 1 grooved stone hammer—Orland Park (Forest Preserve), Cook County, Illinois (gift). CLARK, MRS. HERBERT, _Jeru- salem, Palestine. About 100 prehistoric flint imple- ments—Palestine (gift). CONNELLEY, J. F., Perth, West Australia. 10 ethnological objects: 4 emu feather plumes, 2 bone nose-pins, 2 bone pointers, 2 bone imple- ments—aborigines, East Murchi- son River, North and East Kimberley, and Northwest, West Australia (gift). CRAMER, CORWITH, Lake Forest, Illinois. 2 colored wooden statuettes of Buddhistic monks, dated A.D. 1755—Japan (gift). DRUMMOND: DR. I. W., New York ity. 1 album bound in leather of 24 mounted photographs of Japa- nese sword-guards and sword- mounts in donor’s collection— Japan (gift). 514 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII FERGUSON, FRED D., Manito, Illinois. 12 archaeological objects: 10 deco- rated pottery sherds, 1 clay tobacco-pipe, 1 lot of detached bones—Mound seven miles from Manito, Illinois (gift). FIELD, HENRY, Chicago. 7 archaeological objects: 5 tubular beads, 1 cylinder seal, and 1 animal carving—Jemdet Nasr, Mesopotamia (gift). FIELD (WALTER) COMPANY, Chicago. 1 piece of decorated tapa—Samoa (gift) FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Collected by Ralph Linton, leader of Captain Marshall Field Expedi- tion to Madagascar: 1,527 objects: wood carvings, brass castings, iron lamps, costumes, blankets—Bara, Tanala, Betsileo, and Imerina tribes, Madagascar. 130 objects of basketry, wood carvings, fur cloaks, weapons, beadwork—mostly Basuto, South Rhodesia, South Africa. Collected by Dr. Neville Jones, Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Madagascar: About 100 paleolithic type speci- mens—South Africa. Collected by E. S. Riggs, Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Argentina and Bolivia, 1926-27: 2 prehistoric potsherds—Tarija, East Bolivia, South America. Collected by J. Eric Thompson, leader of Captain Marshall Field First Archaeological Expedition to British Honduras: About 130 archaeological objects of pottery, stone, jade, and shell— Maya, British Honduras, and Honduras. Collected by W. D. Strong, anthropol- ogist of Rawson—MacMillan Sub- arctic Expedition of Field Mu- seum, 1927-28: About 849 archaeological and eth- nological objects: stone, bone, and household implements, soapstone and ivory carvings, clothing, weapons, and ceremonial mater- ial; 34 skeletal remains—Eskimo ang Naskenn Labrador and Baffin and. Collected by Henry Field, leader of Captain Marshall Field First and Second Archaeological Expedi- tions to the North Arabian Desert: About 15,021 objects of prehistoric flint implements and flakes, stones bearing tribal marks, and one in- se door-lintel—North Ara- 1a: Collected by Henry Field, leader of Captain Marshall Field Archae- ological Expedition to Western Europe: About 10,100 objects of prehistoric flint and bone implements, casts from French National Collection, and casts of prehistoric human remains—France, Germany, and England. Purchases: 3 objects of beadwork: 1 beaded blanket stripe, 1 pair of beaded moccasins, and 1 pipe-bag beaded with quilled fringe—Plains In- dians, Dakota, from Mrs. Laura F. Stewart, collector. 1 copper hoe of native “Indian” copper—Arizona, from P. S. Bentz. 17 ethnological objects: articles of clothing, household utensils, and snowshoes — Penobscot Indians, Maine, from Dr. Frank G. Speck, collector. 1 pair of emu feather slippers— aborigines, West Australia, from J. F. Connelly, collector. 30 ethnological objects: clothing, knife, Jew’s harp, tobacco-pipes, drinking-cup, and spoon—Taiyal, Paiwan, Bunun, Ami, and Tsou tribes, Formosa, from Gordon T. Bowles, collector. 1 old piece of decorated tapa— Hawaii, from Mrs. Emily Wallace. FIELD MUSEUM-OXFORD UNI- VERSITY JOINT EXPEDI- TION (CAPTAIN MARSHALL FIELD FUND). About 24 fragmentary skulls and about 1,500 archaeological ob- JAN. 1929 jects: complete pottery vessels, pottery jars, painted pottery jars in fragments, clay figurines and tablets, tiles and bricks, chariot wheels, copper implements, stone vessels, flint and stone imple- ments, bone stylus, beads and jewelry, skulls, and_ skeletal material—Kish, Mesopotamia. FUCHS, ARTHUR, Chicago. 1 pair of bracelets of silver and copper wire—Maxosa tribe, Zulu, Orange Free State, South Africa (gift). KIMBERLEY MUSEUM, Kimberley, South Africa. 8 ethnological specimens: 5 stone weights for digging sticks, 2 ostrich egg-shell necklaces, 1 bark quiver — Bushmen, Kalahari Desert, South Africa (exchange). LINTON, RALPH, Madison, Wiscon- sin. 7 tobacco-pipes—Zulu, Gwelo, South Rhodesia, South Africa (gift). LOGAN MUSEUM, Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin (A. Pond, col- lector). 68 ethnological objects: baskets, bowls, jewelry, shield, crossbow, household utensils — Tuareg, Hoggar Region Sahara, Africa (exchange). McBAIN, H., Evanston, Illinois. 1 shirt of bamboo twigs — China (gift). METROPOLITAN LIBRARY, Pek- ing, China. 22 packages each containing 6 picto- rial post-cards, altogether 132 post-cards of imperial palaces of Peking—China (exchange). MOODY, DR. SUSAN, Teheran, Per- sia. 1 woman’s costume consisting of trousers, jacket, and coat—Persia (gift). MOORE, MRS. WILLIAM H., New York (A. W. Bahr, Collector). 12 archaic ceremonial jades of Chou and Han periods—China (gift). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 515 etn ce FRANK W., Washington, 11 ethnological objects: fabrics, arti- cles of clothing, bracelets, areca- nut holder, bolo—Moro, Manobo, Igorot, Bicol, Sagundi, Philippine Islands (gift). SMALL, DR. ALBION W., Chicago. 1 blackwood statuette of god of lon- gevity with designs inlaid in silver wire—China (gift). SMITH, MRS. DOUGLAS, Hubbard Woods, Illinois. 2 jars of celadon pottery of the thirteenth century—K orea (gift). 1 pottery vase glazed in two colors by Ninsei—Japan (gift). SMITH, MRS. GEORGE T., HENRY M. WOLF, AND MARTIN C. SCHWAB, Chicago. 3 objects: 1 pair of ancient jade bracelets, 1 coin-mold, 1 imper- ial ceremonial silk robe—China (gift). SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM, Cape Town, South Africa. 38 ethnological objects: combs, neck- laces, girdles, wooden spoons, pil- lows, tobacco-pipes, baskets, trays, beer skimmers, musical bow, knives and sheaths, Bush- men bow and quiver, Ovambo assegais — Zulu of South Rhode- sia, Bushmen of Kalahari, Bech- uana of Bechuanaland, Ovambo of Southwest and South Africa (exchange). SULLIVAN, MAURICE F., Chicago. 2 bronze vases—Japan (gift). 1 bronze flower vase of eighteenth century—Japan (gift). VAN SCHAACK, C. P., Chicago. 1 flint arrowhead— Wilmette, Illinois (gift). WALKER, DR. JAMES W., Chicago. 2 caps and 1 shoulder cape woven from fiber—Bakongo, Congo Re- gion, West Africa (gift). DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AMERICAN WRITING PAPER COMPANY, INC., Holyoke, Massachusetts. 7 samples of material used in the manufactureof writing paper (gift). ANDERSON, DR. MARTHA, South Bend, Indiana. 200 herbarium specimens from Illi- nois and Michigan (gift). 516 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII ALEXANDER, MRS. H. H., Avalon, California. 1 herbarium specimen (gift). ARCHERS COMPANY, Pinehurst, North Carolina. 3 wood specimens and 1 herbarium specimen of Taxus and Torreya (exchange). ATWOOD, CHARLES E., Chicago. 29 samples of tea (gift). BALL, DR. C. R., Washington, D. C. 12 herbarium specimens of willows from Minnesota and North Dakota (gift). BARREL, GEORGE, Boston. 1 fruiting specimen of Peruvian mahogany (gift). BASNETT, DOUGLAS, Chicago. 14 hand specimens of woods from Brazil and Chile (gift). BAYER, JACOB, LUMBER COM- PANY, New York City. A black cherry board (gift). BELIZE ESTATE AND PRODUCE Pha ane Belize, British Hon- uras. A mahogany board (gift). BENKE, H. C., Chicago. 521 herbarium specimens, from Illinois (gift). BLETSCH, W. E., Highland Park, Tllinois. 18 hand samples of tropical woods (gift). BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Bombay, India. 6 samples of vegetable oils (gift). BREMER, MISS MARY, Crown Point, Indiana. 9 herbarium specimens from Indiana (gift BRIGNOLES BOTANIC STATION, Brignoles, France. 19 herbarium specimens and packets of seeds (gift). BRITISH FOREST SERVICE, Belize, British Honduras. 1 specimen of the inflorescence of a palm (gift). chiefly BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Wash- ington, D. C. 9 photo-micrographs of fiber (gift). CALDERON, DR. SALVADOR, Di- reccion General de Agricultura, San Salvador, Salvador. 106 herbarium specimens from Sal- vador (gift). CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCI- ENCES, San Francisco. 415 herbarium specimens, chiefly from Lower California (exchange). CLEVELAND MUSEUM OF NAT- URAL HISTORY, Cleveland, Ohio. 18 herbarium specimens from Ohio (gift). CLYNES, M. R. and N. E. BECKER, Chicago. 1 wood specimen of Osage orange (gift). COLTON, MRS. THERON, Chicago. 1 herbarium specimen from Illinois (gift). COMMERCIAL SOLVENTS COR- PORATION, Terre Haute, Indi- ana. 10 samples of corn products (gift). CONSERVATOR OF FORESTS, Rangoon, Burma. 176 wood specimens (gift). CRANE AND COMPANY, Dalton, Massachusetts. 5 specimens of material employed in paper manufacture (gift). DAHLGREN, DR. B. E., Chicago. A branch of Honduras mahogany and a collection of aroid and other tubers from Trinidad (gift). DAHLGREN, MRS. B. E., Chicago. 1 herbarium specimen from Cali- fornia (gift). DEAGAN, J. C., INC., Chicago. A board of Honduras rosewood (gift). DIRECCION GENERAL DE AGRI- CULTURA, Guatemala City, Guatemala. 28 herbarium specimens from Guate- mala (gift). XI'T 932 Id ‘ITA “108A ‘sy 10daxy or te aap tl enone —— OZIS [BIN}VU YJOIZUAMY-9UO YNOGY Avlg "JT “T Aq Aulslopixey, uolytpedxy uBlUIssAqy SMON AlIVeq OsvolyQ—uInosnypy platy (pues YyNos) [[VH [eMoweyW Aopxy VIVAN NIVINQOW dO dnNoUuyd — sane aor eee = = ee —_ =e << JAN. 1929 FARWELL, OLIVER A., Detroit. 1 specimen of bark of cascara amarga (gift). FERNALD, PROFESSOR M.L., Cam- bridge, Massachusetts. 1 herbarium specimen (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Collected by G. Proctor Cooper (Captain Marshall Field Expedi- tion to Panama, 1928): 1,100 herbarium specimens; wood specimens. Collected by C. S. Sewall and A. C. Weed (Rawson—MacMiillan Sub- arctic Expedition of Field Mu- seum): 678 herbarium specimens. Transferred from the Department of Geology: 5 samples of gum copal from Pata- gonia. Division of Photography: 53 photographs of type specimens of Agoseris. Purchases: 3,942 herbarium specimens 100 photographs of type specimens of plants; 4 photographs of vegeta- tion of Portuguese Guinea; 7 economic specimens. GARRETT, PROFESSOR A. C., Salt Lake City, Utah. 151 herbarium specimens from Utah (gift). GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 658 herbarium specimens, mostly from Europe; 1 photograph (ex- change). HAUGHT, OSCAR, Negritos, Peru. 44 herbarium specimens from Peru (gift). HAWAIIAN MAHOGANY COM- PANY, LTD., Honolulu, Hawaii. Samples of koa wood and a finished ukulele (gift). HAYNIE, MISS NELLIE, Oak Park, Illinois. 3 herbarium specimens from Illinois and Indiana (gift). 260 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 517 HELLMAYR, DR. C. E., Chicago. 9 herbarium specimens of orchids (gift). HENDERSON, CHARLES F., Ber- keley, California. 57 herbarium specimens, from Mexico (gift). HERRERA, PROFESSOR FORTU- NATO L., Cuzco, Peru. 126 herbarium specimens from Peru (gift). HOLLINGSWORTH AND VOSE COMPANY, East Walpole, Massachusetts. 12 samples of rope and jute products (gift). HUNGARIAN NATIONAL MU- SEUM, Botanical Department, Budapest, Hungary. 100 herbarium specimens from Hun- gary (exchange). JACOBS, MRS. M. R., Riverside, Illinois. 3 herbarium specimens from Illinois (gift). KARLING, DR. J. S., Honey Camp, Orange Walk, British Honduras. 76 herbarium specimens from British Honduras (gift). KENOYER, PROFESSOR L. A., Kalamazoo, Michigan. 35 herbarium specimen and photo- graphs from the Canal Zone. LANKESTER, C. H., Cartago, Costa Rica. 11 specimens of mosses from Costa Rica (gift). LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 2 herbarium specimens of grasses (gift). LUNDELL, C. L., Honey Camp, Orange Walk, British Honduras. 144 herbarium specimens from Brit- ish Honduras (gift). MARIE-VICTORIN, FRERE, Mon- treal, Quebec, Canada. 86 herbarium specimens from Can- ada (exchange). chiefly 518 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII MARTINEZ, PROFESSOR MAXI- MINO, Mexico City, Mexico. 1 herbarium specimen from Mexico (gift). NEW YORK BOTANICAL GAR- DEN, New York City. 6 herbarium specimens (exchange). NEW YORK COCOA EXCHANGE, New York City. 8 samples of cacao (gift). PEARSON, G. H., AND SON HARD- WOOD COMPANY, INC., New York City. 29 wood specimens (gift). PHILLIPS, O. F., Chairman, Board of Review, Chicago. A tray of barley standards (gift). PLATANIA, PROFESSOR GAE- TANO, Catania, Italy. 3 citrus boxes (gift). PURPUS, DR. C. A., Zacuapam, Mex- ico. 72 herbarium specimens from Mexico (gift). REKO, DR. BLAS P., Indé, Durango, Mexico. 42 herbarium specimens from Mexico (gift). RIDGWAY, ROBERT, Olney, Illinois. 302 herbarium specimens from IIli- nois (gift). ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, Kew, England. 647 herbarium specimens from Co- lombia (exchange). RUTH, PROFESSOR ALBERT, Fort Worth, Texas. 34 herbarium specimens from Texas (gift). ST. JOHN, DR. HAROLD, Pullman, Washington. 1 herbarium specimen (gift). SHERFF, DR. EARL E., Chicago. 85 herbarium specimens (gift). SMITH, HURON H., Milwaukee, Wis- consin. 1 herbarium specimen (gift). STEVENSON, NEILS., Belize, British Honduras. 8 specimens of palms from British Honduras (gift). STORK, PROFESSOR H. E., North- field, Minnesota. 1 herbarium specimen from Costa Rica (gift). SUTHERLAND, THOMAS G., Chi- cago. A police baton made from lignum vitae (gift). TEHON, L. R., Urbana, Illinois. 103 herbarium specimens from IIli- nois (gift). UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Bureau of ak Industry, Washington, DG; 9 herbarium specimens (exchange), UNITED STATES NATIONAL MU- SEUM, Washington, D.C. 8,805 herbarium specimens (ex- change). UNIVERSITETETS BOTANISKE abet 5! Copenhagen, Den- mark. 276 herbarium specimens from tropi- cal America (exchange). WARREN, S. D., COMPANY, Boston. 8 specimens of material used in paper making (gift). WIELAND, PROFESSOR G. R., New Haven, Connecticut. 1 ground section of Cycadeoides (gift). WITTE MEMORIAL MUSEUM, San Antonio, Texas. 465 herbarium specimens from Texas (gift). YALE SCHOOL OF FORESTRY, THROUGH PROFESSOR SAMUEL J. RECORD, New Haven, Connecticut. 371 herbarium specimens from tropi- cal America (gift); a log of cacique bloodwood (gift); 1,501 wood specimens (exchange); a _ bag made of pita floja, latex of the Guatemala cow tree, seeds of Astrocaryum, wood specimen of pink ivory (gift). tree eit i JAN. 1929 YALE UNIVERSITY, DEPART- MENT OF BOTANY, New Haven, Connecticut. 2 cones of white pine (gift). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 519 ZETEK, JAMES, Canal Zone. 8 herbarium specimens from the Canal Zone (gift). Ancon, DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY ACKERMAN, CHARLES N., Chicago. 7 specimens of peat—Antioch, Illi- nois (gift.) 1 specimen vegetation—Antioch, Illinois (gift). 1 specimen oak, changed to lignite— Antioch, Illinois (gift). 11 photographs of peat bog— Antioch, Illinois (gift). AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATU- RAL HISTORY, New York City. 2 enlarged photographs of Dinosaur restorations (gift). AMES, GEORGE F., Eaton, Indiana. 1 specimen Mastodon tooth (gift). BORDEN, JOHN, Chicago. 2 Mammoth tusks—Siberia (gift). 1 pair of lower jaws of Mammoth— Siberia (gift). BROWN, E. A., Edinburg, Texas. 3 specimens Pentremites—southern Illinois (gift). BUFFINGTON, CHARLES A., Cul- ver, Indiana. 3 specimens (gift). CHALMERS, WILLIAM J., Chicago. 43 specimens crystallized minerals— various localities (gift). 1 specimen precious opal—Australia marcasite—Chicago (gift). 171 photographs of views in Japan (gift). COLE, MRS. A. H., Muscle Shoals, Tennessee. 1 specimen fossil fish—Fossil, Wyo- ming (loan). CRANE, R. T. JR., Chicago. 3 cut emeralds—Brazil (gift). 1 rose quartz bowl—Idar, Germany ift). 1 specimen agate—Uruguay (gift). 1 specimen green aventurine—India (gift). 1 dish, vesuvianite or “California jade’’— California (gift). DAVIS, G. C., Peotone, Illinois. 1 fossil trilobite—Kankakee, Illinois (gift) DOYLE, JOHN, Jefferson County, Illinois. 1 specimen fossil brachiopod—Indi- ana (gift). DRUMMOND, DR. I. W., New York City. 1 specimen iridescent amber—Rou- mania (gift). EASTERN WASHINGTON PUBLIC MUSEUM, Spokane, Washing- ton. 25 specimens minerals—various lo- calities (exchange). 47 specimens fossils—various local- ities (exchange). FARRINGTON, OLIVER C., Chicago. 93 specimens minerals — various localities (gift). 10 specimens diamonds and dia- mond-bearing gravel — Brazil (gift). 8 specimens rocks—various localities (gift). 5 geological photographs (gift). FELIPPONE, DR. FLORENTINE, Uruguay. 1 specimen femur of Megatherium —Uruguay (exchange). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Collected by Colin C. Sanborn: 1 specimen agate—Alto Parana River, Brazil. Collected by the Third Asiatic Ex- pedition of American Museum of Natural History and Field Mu- seum of Natural History: 520 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII 45 specimens of fragments of shells of eggs of Protoceratops and Struthiolithus—M ongolia. Collected by Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Al- berta, Canada, 1922: 1 trunk of fossil tree — Alberta, Canada. Collected by Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Ar- gentina and Bolivia, 1922-24: A& specimens fossil invertebrates— Patagonia Beds, Argentina. Collected by Captain Marshall Field Second Paleontological Expedi- tion to Argentina and Bolivia, 1926-1927: 144 specimens fossil vertebrates and invertebrates — Tarija, Bolivia and Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. 171 specimens fossil vertebrates— Catamarca, Argentina. 21 specimens fossil Devonian inverte- brates—Austral fauna of Bolivia. Collected by H. W. Nichols: 2 specimens soils—Antioch, Illinois, Purchases: 1 iron meteorite—Gladstone, Aus- tralia. 1 iron meteorite-Houck, Arizona. Section of iron meteorite—Duchesne County, Utah. Skeleton of Teleosaur in matrix— Holzmaden, Wiirttemberg, Ger- many. 1 specimen modern crinoid—Sagami Bay, Japan. 2 specimens fossil echinoids—Ponto- toc, Mississippi. FIELD, MRS. STANLEY, Chicago. 1 specimen claw of fossil sloth— Sarasota, Florida (gift). GENERAL BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY HOUSE, Chicago. 9 specimens modern plants and ani- mals—various localities (gift). GLENDINNING, R: J., Salt Lake City, Utah. 1 specimen gilsonite—Utah (gift). GOLDBLATT, EDWARD, Chicago. 1 specimen fossil fish—Fossil, Wy- oming (gift). GRONEMANN, C. F., Elgin, Illinois. 1 specimen peat from sphagnum— Gilbert’s, Illinois (gift). HALVORSEN, E. E., Templeton, Cali- fornia. 2 specimens fossil peleeypods—Cali- fornia (gift). 3 specimens fossil oysters—Califor- nia (gift). 1 specimen petrified wood—Califor- nia (gift). HARRISON, C. M., Amory, Missis- sippl. 16 specimens bentonite and associ- ated rock—Amory, Mississippi (gift). HESTER, J. P., Flagstaff, Arizona. 1 specimen fossil amphibian foot- prints—Cameron, Arizona (gift). 15 photographs (gift). HIGGINSON, MRS. CHARLES M., Kenilworth, Illinois. 3,240 specimens minerals—various localities (gift). HOLDERNESS, WILLIAM T., Chicago. 1 specimen marcasite concretion— southern Illinois (gift). ILLINOIS STATE MUSEUM, Springfield, Illinois. Portion with crust of the 46-pound individual of the Tilden meteo- rite, and a cast of the entire individual—Tilden, Illinois (gift). KINSER, B. M., Port Stanton, Canada. 21 specimens Ordovician fossils— Port Stanton, Canada (gift). LANG, JOHN, Jacksonville, Texas. 1 limonite concretion—Jacksonville, Texas (gift). LAW, D. H., Dixon, Illinois. 1 specimen of root of fossil tree— Elsie, Kentucky (gift). LAYBOURNE, E. G., Chicago. 3 specimens fossil gastropods— Colorado (gift). 1 specimen fossil pelecypod—Colo- rado (gift). . es JAN. 1929 LILLEY, MISS, Winnetka, Illinois. 1 specimen black tourmaline in quartz— Winnetka, Illinois (gift). | LINTON, RALPH, Madison, Wiscon- sin. 1 cut iolite—Madagascar (gift). 1 cut kunzite—California (gift). MaAcDAIARMID, MRS., Isle of Wight, England. 15 specimens marcasite concretions —Isle of Wight, England (gift). ’McBEAN, DAVID, Divmnadiochit, Scotland. 2 specimens peat—Divmnadiochit, Scotland (gift). McCORMACK, C. M., Blue Mountain, Arkansas. 1 sand-facetted pebble — Logan County, Arkansas (gift). MADDEN, GEORGE S., Watts, Cali- fornia. 4 specimens garnet—Watts, fornia (gift). MENDELIN, WILLIAM, Chicago. 1 specimen ammonite — southern Kansas (gift). MOORE, WARREN, St. Paul, Minne- sota. 1 specimen fossil molar tooth of Elephas—Hawarden, Iowa (gift). NESBITT, G. K., Plumtree, North Carolina. 1 specimen clinochlore — North Carolina (gift). NININGER, H. H., McPherson, Kan- sas. Section of iron meteorite—Ballinger, Texas (exchange). Fullsize, etched slab of the Duchesne meteorite—Mount Tabby, Utah (exchange). ; Cali- OLSSON, DR. A. A. Negritos, Talara, Peru. 1 specimen fossil turtle—Mogollon, Peru (gift). ORR, RALPH W., Belgrade, Gallatin County, Montana. 9 specimens fossil trilobites — Bel- grade, Gallatin County, Montana (gift). ad ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 521 PATERSON MUSEUM, Paterson, New Jersey. 14 specimens minerals—Paterson, New Jersey (exchange). PATTERSON, BRYAN, Chicago. 215 specimens fossil plants—Mazon Creek, Illinois (gift). 1 specimen mineral—Mazon Creek, Illinois (gift). 2 lithological specimens — Mazon Creek, Illinois (gift). 10 photographs — Mazon Creek, Illinois (gift). 7 specimens fossil invertebrates— Alto Pass, Union County, Illinois (gift). 6 specimens fossil plants—Alto Pass, Union County, Illinois (gift). 1 lithological specimen—Alto Pass, Union County, Illinois (gift). PHEE, THOMAS, Chicago. 1 specimen fossil trilobite — Lock- port, Illinois (gift). PITTS, WILLIAM B., California. 3 specimens minerals—Utah (gift). 1 specimen novaculite—Hot Springs, Arkansas (gift). 1 specimen cut heliotrope—Hot Springs, Arkansas (gift). PLANTZ, H. W., Chicago. 1 specimen fossil ammonite—C ounty Antrim, Ireland (gift). PURDUE UNIVERSITY, West Lafayette, Indiana. 3 specimens compound gypsum crystals (gift). ROGERS, K. A., Chicago. 3 specimens invertebrate fossils— Cook County, Illinois (gift). 1 specimen mineral—Cook County, Illinois (gift). SALO, O. J., Red Lodge, Montana. 6 specimens invertebrate fossils— Red Lodge, Montana. 2 specimens mesolite—Red Lodge, Montana. SCOTT, G.. S., “Timmons, Ontario, Canada. 1 specimen anthraxolite—Chelms- ford, Ontario, Canada (gift). Sunnyvale, 522 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VII SEKERA, JOHN, Chicago. 1 specimen chalcedony — South Dakota (gift). SHANAHAN, W. F., Chicago. 1 specimen cup coral—Decatur, Illinois (gift). SIEGFRIEDT, DR. T. C. F., Red Lodge, Montana. 2 specimens zonolite — Montana (gift). SOMOGYI, JULIUS, Chicago. 1 specimen Lepidodendron—(gift). SOSNOVEC, V., St. Louis, Missouri. 8 specimens minerals—St. Louis, Missouri (gift). 7 specimens concretions—St. Louis, Missouri (gift). STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Urbana, Illinois. 3 specimens oil sands—Lawrence- ville, Illinois (gift). THOMAS, MRS. THEODORE, Cam- bridge, Massachusetts. 1 specimen polished labradorite— Labrador (gift). TRUESDELL, DR. G. W., Taylor Falls, Minnesota. 1 specimen conglomerate containing Lingula—Taylor Falls, Minne- sota (gift). UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Washington, D. C. 11 specimens potash salts—Texas and New Mexico (gift). UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, Chi- cago. Skull and jaws of Poebrotherium wilsoni— Wyoming (exchange). Skeleton of Oreodon culbertsoni— Nebraska (exchange). VAUGHAN; DR2i Reve Avalon, California. 1 specimen calcareous tufa—Cata- lina Island, California (gift). VEDDER, MRS. W. J., Chicago. 1 specimen fossil ammonite—New Mexico (gift). WEIS, MISS LILLIAN MARY, Chi- cago. 1 specimen sphalerite and calcite— Cumberland, England (gift). 1 specimen silver and copper—Lake Superior (gift). WIEDENIG, JOSEPH A., Chicago. 1 specimen covellite—Upper Two Medicines, Montana (gift). 1 specimen concretion—Upper Two Medicines, Montana (gift). WOOLLEY, S. W., Osborne, Kansas. 3 specimens invertebrate fossils— Osborne, Kansas (gift). DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ANDERSON, A. N. P., Los Angeles, California. 1 rattlesnake Texas (gift). APPLEBAUM, A. A., Chicago. 1 tarantula—Honduras(?) (gift). BACKES, PETER, Wheaton, Illinois. 1 barn owl—(gift). BERTONI, A. W., Asuncion, Para- guay. 1 flycatcher—Puerto Bertoni, Para- guay (gift). BORDEN, JOHN, Chicago. 4 walrus tusks—Alaska (gift). 2 ribbon seal skins, 1 skull—King Island, Alaska (gift). skin—Brownsville, BOOTH FISHERIES COMPANY, Chicago. 1 inconnu—Alaska (gift). BRODKORB, PIERCE, Evanston, Illinois. 132 birdskins—various foreign locali- ties (exchange). BUTTLES, MRS. B. E., Chicago. 1 albino bluejay—Chicago (gift). CARLSON, MRS. MARIA L., Mount Greenwood, Illinois. 1 short-eared owl—Mount Green- wood, Illinois(?) (gift). CAUBLEH, F. B., Greenfield, Indiana. 1 turtle, 1 moth caterpillar—Orange County, Indiana (gift). a = i PO OE 4 —_ NN a er, one pe JAN. 1929 cue eGO ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Chicago. 7 birdskins—Alaska (exchange). COLTON, R. H., Ashland, Ohio. 1 fly—Ashland, Ohio (gift). CONOVER, H. B., Chicago. 1 wood duck—Swan Lake, Illinois (gift). 4 birdskins—Italy, South Dakota, Massachusetts (gift). COX, JAMES, Chicago. 1 beetle—Chicago (gift). CRIMMINS, COLONEL M. L., Fort Sam Houston, Texas. 8 snakes—Fort Sam Houston, Texas (gift). 1 millipede—F ort Bliss, Texas (gift). CRUSE, MRS. D., Downer’s Grove, Tllinois. 1 robin’s nest—Downer’s Grove, Illinois (gift). DICKEY, DONALD R., Pasadena, California. 98 lizards, 6 snakes—El Salvador - (gift). ENGWALL, JOHN T., Chicago. 1 beetle—Chicago (gift). FARRO, JOHN, Chicago. 1 silver-haired bat—Chicago (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF ee HISTORY Collected by Ali Easa (Field Museum —Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition): 39 mammal skins—Somaliland. Collected by Colonel J. C. Faun- thorpe (Captain Marshall Field Expedition to British India): 12 mammal skins, 14 skulls—India. 1 mammal skin, 4 skulls—Oudh, India. Collected by Henry Field (Captain Marshall Field Syrian Desert Ex- peditions): 7 snakes, 5 lizards, 10 insects— Transjordania and Irak. Collected by A. Franzen (N. Harris Public School Penden 2 old squaw ducks, 1 sanderling— Chicago. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 523 Collected by W. J. Gerhard: 1 cuckoo-fly—Reading, Pennsylva- nia. Collected by Dr. A. L. Kroeber (Captain Marshall Field First Archaeological Expedition to Peru): 1 mammal skull—Canete Valley, Peru. Collected by A. B. Lewis (Depart- ment of Anthropology): 1 crocodile skull — British New Guinea. Collected by Juan Prudencio (Cap- tain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition): 2 crab-eating coons, 1 otter—Matto Grosso, Brazil. Collected by C. C. Sanborn (local field work): 1 flying squirrel—Deerfield, Illinois. Collected by C. C. Sanborn, W. A. Weber and Frank Wonder (local field work): 22 mammals—Pistakee Bay, Illinois. Collected by K. P. Schmidt (Cap- tain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition): 97 insects—Brazil. Collected by R. B. Slaughter (John Borden—Field Museum, Alaska— Arctic Expedition): 1 walrus skull — near Wrangell Island. Collected by J. E. Thompson (Cap- tain Marshall Field First Archae- ological Expedition to British Honduras): 4 crocodile skulls—Belize, British Honduras. Collected by W. A. Weber (local field work): 8 mammals—Michigan and Wiscon- sin. Collected by A. C. Weed and A. G. Rueckert (Rawson—MacMillan Subarctic Expedition): 114 mammal skins and skulls, 58 birds, 36 bird’s eggs, 2 nests, 1,500 fishes, 2 frogs, 311 insects, 2,400 marine and fresh-water inverte- brates—Baffin Land, Labrador, and Nova Scotia. 524 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII Purchases: 38 ducks—Wainwright, Alaska. 1 bird—British Guiana. 1 snake—Gainesville, Florida. 18 lizards, 2 snakes—Haiti and Santo Domingo. 1 mammal skin and Madagascar. 1 mounted raccoon—Michigan. 96 birds—South America. 5 snakes, 2 lizards—various local- ities. 2 birds—Oregon. FIELD, STANLEY, Chicago. 1 bronze group, “‘At Bay,” by Carl E. Akeley (gift). FORCE, MISS EDITH R., Tulsa, Oklahoma. 9 frogs—Tulsa County, Oklahoma (gift). FRANZEN, ALBERT, Chicago. 1 lot salamander eggs—Manitowish, Wisconsin( gift). 1 eel pout—Chicago (gift). FRIESSER, JULIUS, Chicago. 1 moth—Chicago (gift). GENERAL BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY HOUSE, Chicago. 1 hermit crab—Key West, Florida (exchange). 1 salamander—Imboden, Arkansas (gift). 1 snake—Florida (gift). skeleton— GERHARD, W. J., Chicago. 2,128 insects—northern Indiana and northern Illinois (gift). GILLETTE, WILLIAM J., San Diego, California. 1 bird—San Diego, California (gift). GRANT, C. P., Chicago. 10 bird lice—Chicago (gift). GRONEMANN, CARL F., Elgin, Illinois. 9 salamanders, 5 lizards, 4 snakes— Hanover, Germany (gift). GUERET, E. N., Chicago. 3 flies—Chicago (gift). HACKNEY, G. W, Gwelo, Rhodesia. 10 mammal skulls and horns— Rhodesia (gift). HAGER, MISS RUTH, West Palm Beach, Florida. 1 lizard—Palm Beach, Florida (gift). HARLAN, MAYNARD, London Mills, Illinois. 1 woodchuck skull—London Mills, Illinois (gift). HARRIS, H. M., Ames, Iowa. 9 bugs — various localities (ex- change). HELLMAYR, DR. AND MRS. C. E., Chicago. 9 beetles, 19 butterflies, 7 moths— Alberta, Canada (gift). HINE, ASHLEY, Chicago. 1 hawk owl—Edmonton, Alberta (gift). ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF CON- SERVATION, Chicago. 1 least weasel—Waukegan, Illinois (gift). KLAUBER, L. M., San Diego, Cali- fornia. 4 snakes—San Diego County, Cali- fornia (gift). KREBS, C. L., Chicago. 1 spider—Central America (gift). LASCH, EMIL, McHenry, Illinois. 1 double-crested cormorant, 6 pheas- ant eggs—McHenry, [Illinois (gift). LAYBOURNE, E. G., Chicago. 1 prairie mole—Thayer, Indiana (gift). LETL, FRANK, Chicago. 2 mammals—Homewood, Illinois (gift). 1 butterfly—Chicago (gift). 2 fishes—Alto Pass, Illinois (gift). LILJEBLAD, E., Chicago. 1 moth—Chicago (gift). LYON, DR. M. W., South Bend, Indiana. 1 coyote—North Liberty, Indiana (gift). Reports, Vol. VII, Plate LX Field Museum of Natural History MENANGKABAU BRIDE AND GROOM, SUMATRA Life-size figures—Hail G Modeled by John G. Prasuhn JAN. 1929 5 mammal skulls—Porter County, Indiana (gift). McGLONEH, A. G., Chicago. 2 mounted willow ptarmigan—Fair- banks, Alaska (gift). MONTEIRO, E. JACY, Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 54 insects—Brazil (gift). MOONEY, THOMAS, Deerfield, Illi- nois. 1 bald eagle—Deerfield Township, Illinois (gift). NATURHISTORISCHE MUSEUM, Basel, Switzerland. 4 salamanders, 8 frogs, 17 lizards, 3 snakes—various localities (ex- change). OLSSON, AXEL A., Negritos, Peru. 2 snakes—Department Piura, Peru (gift). PATTERSON, BRYAN, Chicago. 64 insects—Union County, Illinois (gift). . | 34 insects—Grundy County, Illinois (gift). PUCKETT, M. H., Chicago. 1 bat—Chicago (gift). RANDALL, MRS. LAURA A., Glen- coe, Illinois. 1 albino bluejay—Glencoe, Illinois (gift). RAPP, JOSE, San Matias, Bolivia. 2 tayra skins—San Matias. Bolivia (gift). RITTER, DR. JOHN, Chicago. 1 cat skeleton (gift). ROBINSON, R. P., Merrimac, Massa- chusetts. 6 moths—Bustins Island, Maine (gift). SCHMIDT, F. J. W., Stanley, Wiscon- sin. 2 mammals, 15 salamanders, 74 frogs, 1 lizard, 75 snakes, 11 turtles—Clark County, Wiscon- sin (gift). STRECKER, J. K., Waco, Texas. 2 lizards—McClennan County, Tex- as (gift) ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 525 SWARTZ, MISS E. PAULINE, Chicago. 3 shells (gift). a arae OLDFIELD, London, Eng- and. 2 rodents—Rio Negro, Argentina (gift). 220 mammals—Concepcion, Argen- tina (gift). THOMPSON DR. F. P., Chicago. 1 African elephant skull—Africa (gift). THOMPSON, GEORGE C., Chicago. 9 turtles—Crown Point, Indiana (gift). UNITED STATES NATIONAL MU- SEUM, Washington, D. C. 2 birds—Argentina and Chile (ex- change). VACIN, E. F., Chicago. 1 lake trout—Little Vermilion Lake, Canada (gift). WALKER, DR. JAMES W., Chicago. 6 shells—(gift). WALTERS, L. L., Chicago. 3 mammals—Salamonia, (gift). 3 coyote skins—Indiana (gift). WEBER, MISS CAROLYN H., Chicago. 1 salamander—Como Lake, Wiscon- sin (gift). WEBER, W. A., Chicago. 1 Bewick’s wren—Chicago (gift). 1 bat—Idaho (gift). WOLCOTT, A. B., Downer’s Grove, Illinois. 52 insects—Hessville, Indiana (gift). WONDER, FRANK, Chicago. 1 turtle—Brayton Island, Florida (gift). WRIGHT, THURSTON, Chicago. 1 coot—Delavan Lake, Wisconsin (gift). WYATT, ALEX K., Chicago. 1 butterfly — allotype — Chicago on (eink): 10 beetles—Hessville, Indiana (gift). YAGER, C. M., Oak Park, Illinois. 1 albinistic hybrid mallard x do- mestic duck—Bath, Illinois (gift). Indiana 526 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII RAYMOND DIVISION FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Raymond Fund: 482 lantern slides. Purchase: 13 lantern slides on Life.” “Roman DIVISION OF PHOTOGRAPHY Oe C. SUYDAM, New York ity. 163 prints of scenes and types of Naga Hills, Assam, India. 6 reels motion picture film on Naga Hills, Assam, India (gift). ELSBERG, H. A., New York City. 22 photographs of Peruvian fabrics (gift). FIELD MUSEUM HISTORY. Made by Division of Photography: 18,247 prints, 4,463 negatives, 1,546 lantern slides, 333 enlarge- ments, 49 transparent labels. Developed for expeditions: negatives. Made by H. W. Nichols: 36 negatives of scenery around oil well for modeling purposes. Made by Julius Friesser: 46 nega- tives of animals. Made by William D. Strong: 642 negatives of natives, general views, etc. OF NATURAL 724 Made by J. Eric Thompson: 79 negatives of natives, landscapes, etc., in British Honduras. Made by Commander Donald B. MacMillan: 1 reel motion picture film on the Naskapi Indians. Made by Henry Field: 642 negatives of natives, landscapes, etc., taken at Kish, Mesopotamia. 139 negatives of natives, landscapes, etc., taken in Northern Arabia. 328 negatives of European natives, landscapes, etc. Purchases: 6000 feet motion picture film taken in Kish, Mesopotamia. 4000 feet motion picture film taken in Northern Arabia. 19 prints from a Persian manuscript on polo, in Public Library, Leningrad. FRIEDENWALD, DR. HERBERT, Washington, D. C 3 prints of Chinese polo players (gift). LIBRARY LIST OF DONORS AND EXCHANGES (Accessions are by exchange, unless otherwise designated) AFRICA: Albany Museum, Grahamstown. Department of Mines and Industries, Pretoria. Geological Society, Johannesburg. Institut d’Egypte, Cairo. Ministry of Public Works, Cairo. Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg. Rhodesia Museum, Bulawayo. Rhodesia Scientific Society, Bula- wayo. Royal Society of South Africa, Cape Town. Société de Géographie d’Alger, Algiers. Société d’Histoire Naturelle de |’ Af- rique du Nord, Algiers. Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc, Rabat. South African Association for the Advancement of Sciences, Cape Town South African Department of Agri- culture, Pretoria. South African Museum, Cape Town. Transvaal Museum, Pretoria. ARGENTINA: Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cor- doba. JAN. 1929 Instituto Geografico Argentino, Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Agricultura, Buenos Aires. Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Nat- urales, Buenos Aires. Sociedad Ornitologica del Plata, Buenos Aires. Universidad Nacional de Tucum4n, Tucuman. AUSTRALIA: Australian Museum, Sydney. Botanic Gardens and Government Domains, Sydney. Commonwealth of Australia, Mel- bourne. Department of Agriculture, Adelaide. gaa of Agriculture, Queens- and. Department of Agriculture, Sydney. Department of Agriculture, Well- ington. ; Department of Fisheries, Sydney. Department of Mines, Brisbane. Department of Mines, Sydney. Field Naturalists’ Club, Melbourne. Forestry Commission, Sydney (gift). Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney. _ Geological Survey of Western Aus- tralia, Perth. Linnean Society of New South Wales, Sydney. Melbourne University, Melbourne. Ornithological Society of South Aus- tralia, Adelaide. - Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery, Adelaide. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne. Royal Geographical Society of Aus- tralia, Brisbane. Royal Society of Queensland, Bris- bane. Royal Society of South Australia, Adelaide. Royal Society of Tasmania, Hobart. Royal Society of Victoria, Mel- bourne. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney. South Australian Museum, Adelaide. Technological Museum, Sydney. AUSTRIA: Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vi- enna. Anthropos Administration, Vienna. Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. Verein der Freunde Asiatischer Kunst und Kultur, Vienna. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 527 Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft, Vienna. BELGIUM: Académie Royale d’Archéologie, Antwerp. ae Royale de Belgique, Brus- sels. Direction d’Agriculture, Brussels. Jardin Botanique de l’Etat, Brussels. Musée Royal d’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, Brussels. Musées Royaux de Cinquentenaire, Brussels. Nederlandsche Phytopathologische Plantenziekten) Vereenigen, Ghent. Société Belge de Géologie, Brussels. Société d’Archéologie, Brussels. Société de Botanique, Brussels. Société Ornithologique de la Belgi- que, Brussels. Société Royale de Sciences, Liége. Université de Louvain, Louvain. BRAZIL: Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Sciencias, Letras e Artes, Campinas. Instituto de Butantun, Sao Paulo. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. Ministerio de Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro. Museo Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. Secretaria de Agricultura, Comercio e Obras Publicas, Sao Paulo. Servico Geologico e Mineralogico, Rio de Janeiro. BRITISH GUIANA: Board of Agriculture, Georgetown. Forestry Department, Georgetown. Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society, Demerara. CANADA; Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ontario. Department of Agriculture, Victoria, British Columbia. Department of Mines, Ottawa, Ontario. Department of Mines, Toronto, Ontario. é Department of the Interior, Geologi- cal Survey, Ottawa, Ontario. Entomological Society of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario. Horticultural Societies, Toronto, On- tario. 528 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII McGill University, Montreal, Quebec. Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Sciences, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia. Provincial Museum, Toronto, On- tario. Provincial Museum, Victoria, Brit- ish Columbia. Queen’s University, Kingston, On- tario. Royal Canadian Institute, Toronto, Ontario. Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. CENTRAL AMERICA: Sociedad de Geografia de Historia, Guatemala. CEYLON: Colombo Museum, Colombo. Department of Agriculture, Colombo. Mineralogical Survey, Colombo. CHINA: Geological Survey, Peking. Metropolitan Library, Peking. Peking Union Medical College, De- partment of Anatomy, Peking. Royal Asiatic Society of North China, Shanghai. Science Society of China, Nanking. University of Nanking, Nanking. CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Académie Tchéque des Sciences, Prague. Deutscher Naturwissenschaftlich- Medizinischer Verein fiir Bo6hmen ‘‘Lotos,’”’ Prague. DEN MARK: Dansk Botanisk Forening, Copen- hagen. Dansk Geologisk Forening, Copen- hagen. Danek Naturhistorisk Forening, Copenhagen. Dansk Ornithologisk Forening, Copenhagen. K. Bibliotek, Copenhagen. Université, Copenhagen. DUTCH GUIANA: Department van Landbouw, Nijver- heid en Handel, Paramaribo. ECUADOR: Academia Nacional de Historia, Quito. FEDERATED MALAY STATES: Federated Malay States Museums, Singapore. Malayan Agricultural Society, Kuala Lumpur. Royal Asiatic Society, Malayan Branch, Singapore. FINLAND: Societas pro Fauna et Flora Peanica, Helsingfors. Suomen Museo, Helsingfors. FRANCE: Académie des Sciences, Paris. Ecole d’Anthropologie, Paris. Musée Guimet, Paris. Muséum National q Histone Natu- relle, Paris. Nature, Paris. Société ’Botanique de France, Paris. Société Dauphinoise d’Ethnologie et d’Anthropologie, Grenoble. Société d’Ethnographie, Paris. Société d’Etudes des Sciences Natu- relles, Reims. Société d’Etudes Scientifiques, Angers. Société d’Histoire Naturelle, Toulouse. Société de Géographie, Paris. Société des Américanistes, Paris. Société des Sciences, Nancy. Société des Sciences Naturelles, Ardennes. Société des Sciences Naturelles de Sadne-et-Loire, Chalon-sur- Saone. Société Linnéenne, Bordeaux. Société Nationale d’Acclimatation de France, Paris. Société d’Agriculture, Sciences et Arts, Angers. Société Nationale d’ Horticulture de France, Paris. Société Scientifique du Bourbonnais et du Centre de France, Moulins. ees ee der Wissenschaften, Ber- inadcntie der Wissenschaften, Hei- delberg. Bayerische Akademie der Wissen- schaften, Munich. Bayerische Botanische Gesellschaft, Munich. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT BayerischeStaatsbibliothek, Munich. Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Berlin. Botanischer Verein der Provinz Brandenburg, Berlin. Deutsche Dendrologische Gesell- schaft, Bonn-Poppelsdorf. Deutsche Entomologische Gesell- schaft, Berlin. Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Anthrop- ologie, Ethnologie und Urge- schichte, Berlin. Deutsche Morgenliandische Gesell- schaft, Leipzig. Deutscher Seefischerei Verein, Ber- in. Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Berlin. Frankfurter Gesellschaft fiir An- thropologie, Ethnologie und Ur- geschichte, Frankfort on the Main. Hecerch Wilhelms Universitat, Ber- in. j Geographische Gesellschaft, Munich. Georg-August-Universitat, Gé6ttin- gen. Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde, Berlin. Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde, Leipzig. Hamburgische Universitat, Ham- burg. ‘Mineralogisch-Geologisches Mu- seum, Dresden. Museum fiir Tierkunde und Volker- kunde, Dresden. Museum fiir Volkerkunde, Berlin. Museum fiir Volkerkunde, Hamburg. Nassauischer Verein fiir Natur- kunde, Wiesbaden. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Frei- burg. z aapaoreckende Gesellschaft, G6r- itz. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Nu- remberg. Naturhistorischer Verein, der Preus- sischen Rheinlande und West- falens, Bonn. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Bre- men. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Pas- sau. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein fiir Schwaben und Neuberg, Augs- burg. Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bay- ern, Munich. Reichs-Zentrale fiir Pelztier und Rauchwaren-Forschung, Leipzig. Sachsische Akademie des Wissen- schaft, Leipzig. OF THE DIRECTOR 529 Schlesische Gesellschaft fiir Vater- landische Kultur, Breslau. Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Frankfort on the Main. Thuringischer Botanischer Verein, Weimar. Universitats Bibliothek, Heidelberg. Universitats Bibliothek, Marburg. Universitats Bibliothek, Munich. Universitats Bibliothek, Tiibingen. Verein fiir Naturkunde, Cassel. Verein fiir Vaterlandische Natur- kunde, Wiirttemberg. Verein fiir Volkskunde, Berlin. Zoologisches Museum, Berlin. GREAT BRITAIN: Agricultural Experiment Station, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Ashmolean Natural History Society, xford. Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical Society, Birming- ham. Brighton and Hove Natural History and Philosophical Society, Brigh- ton. Bristol Museum, Bristol. British Library of Political Science, London. British Museum, London. British Museum (Natural History), ondon. Cambridge Philosophical Society, Cambridge. Cambridge University, Cambridge. Carnegie United Kingdom Trust, Dunfermline. Department of Scientific and In- dustrial Research, London. Dove Marine Laboratory, Culler- coats. Fisheries Board, Edinburgh. Geological Society, Edinburgh. Geological Society, Liverpool. Geological Survey of England and Wales, London. Geological Survey of Scotland, Edin- burgh. Geologists’ Association, London. Hull Municipal Museum, Hull. Japan Society of London, London. Lancashire Sea Fisheries Laboratory, Liverpool. Leicester Museum, Art Gallery and Library, Leicester. Linnean Society, London. Liverpool Biological Society, Liver- pool. Liverpool Free Public Museum, Liverpool. London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Manchester Literary and Philosoph- ical Society, Manchester. Manchester Museum, Manchester. Marine Biological Association, Ply- mouth. National Indian Association, London. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. Natural History Society of Glasgow, Glasgow. Oriental Ceramic Society, London (gift). Royal Anthropological Institute of si Britain and Ireland, Lon- on. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Bri- tain and Ireland, London. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Royal Colonial Institute, London. Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, Falmouth. Roya! Geographical Society, Lon- on. Royal Horticultural Society, Lon- don. Royal Society, London. Royal Society of Arts, London. Royal Society of Edinburgh, Edin- burgh. School of Oriental! Studies, London. South London Entomological and Natural History Society, London. Speleological Society, Bristol. Tring Zoological Museum, Tring. Victoria and Albert Museum, Lon- don Wellcome Research Laboratories, London. Zoological Society, London. HUNGARY: Magyar Természettudomanyi Tar- sulat, Budapest. Musée National Hongrois, Budapest. Royal Hungary School of Engineer- ing, Mines and Forests, Budapest. INDIA : Anthropological Society, Bombay. Archaeological Department, Hyder- abad. Archaeological Survey, Allahabad. Archaeological Survey, Burma, Ran- goon. Archaeological Survey, Calcutta. Archaeological Survey, Madras. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta. 5380 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII Bihar and Orissa Research Society, Patna. Botanical Survey, Calcutta. Department of Agriculture, Bombay. Department of Agriculture, Madras. Department of Agriculture, Poona. Department of Agriculture, Pusa. Geological Survey, Calcutta. Government Cinchona Plantations, Calcutta. Government of India, Calcutta. Government Museum, Madras. Hyderabad Archaeological Society, Hyderabad. Indian Museum, Calcutta. Journal of Indian Botany, Calcutta. Mining and Geological Institute of India, Calcutta. Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta. University of Calcutta, Calcutta. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. IRELAND: Belfast Natural History and Philo- sophical Society, Belfast. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin. University of Dublin, Dublin. ITALY: Musei Zoologia e Anatomia, Genoa. Musei Zoologia e Anatomia Compa- rata, Turin. Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genoa. R. Accademia delle Scienze, Naples. R. Accademia delle Scienze, Turin. R. Accademia Nazionale del Lincei, Rome. R. Orto Botanico Giardino Coloniale, Palermo R. Scuola Superiore di Agricultura, Portici. R. Societa Geografica Italiana, Rome. Societa dei Naturalisti, Naples. Societa di Scienze Naturali ed Economiche, Florence. Societa Geologica Italiana, Rome. Societa Italiana de Scienze Naturali, Milan. Societa Reale dei Napoli, Naples. Societa Toscana di Scienze N aturali, Pisa. Ufficio Geologico d’Italia, Rome. JAPAN: Anthropological Society of Tokyo, Tokyo. Department of Agriculture of For- mosa, Formosa. Government General, Museum of Chosen, Tokyo. JAN. 1929 Government Research Institute, Tai- hoku, Formosa. Imperial Academy of Tokyo, Tokyo. Imperial Geological Society, Tokyo. Imperial Household Museums, Tokyo Imperial University, Tokyo. Imperial University, College of Agri- culture, Kyoto. Ornithological Society, Tokyo. Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai. Tokyo Botanical Society, Tokyo. JAVA: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kun- sten en Wetenschappen, Batavia. Department of Agriculture, Buiten- zorg. Be ouaciech Bureau, Weltevre- en Jardin Botanique, Weltevreden K. Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch-Indie, Weltevreden. MEXICO: Instituto Geologico de Mexico, Mex- ico City. Museo Nacional de Arqueologia, Historia y Etnografia, Mexico City. Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomento, Direccion de Antropologia, Mex- co City. SeretaraT ‘de Educacion Pubiica, Mexico City. Sociedad Cientifica ‘‘Antonio Al- zate,’’ Mexico City. Sociedad de Geografia y Estadistica, Mexico City. Sociedad Forestal de Mexico, Mex- ico City. Sociedad Geologica Mexicana, Mex- ico City. NETHERLANDS: Bataafsch Genootschap der Proef- ondervinde lijke Wijsgegierte, Rotterdam. K. Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam. K. Instituut voor de Taal-Land-en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Indie, Hague. K. Nederlandsch Aardrijkundig Ge- nootschap, Amsterdam. Leiden Museum, Leiden. Museum voor Land-en Volkenkunde en Maritiem Museum “Prinz Hendrik,’”’ Rotterdam. Nederlandsch Vogelkundigen Club, Leiden. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR d31 Nederlandsche Phytopathologische Vereeniging, Wageningen. eee Ethnographisch Museum, Lei- e n. Rijks Geologisch-Mineralogisches Museum, Leiden. Rijks Herbarium, Leiden. Rijks Hoogers Land-Tuin-en Bosch- bouschool, Wageningen. Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke His- torie, Leiden. Rijks Universiteit, Leiden. Universiteit van Amsteedam, Am- sterdam. NEW ZEALAND: Auckland Institute and Museum, Wellington. Canterbury Museum, Christchurch. Cawthorn Institute, Nelson. Department of Agriculture, Well- ington. Department of Mines, Survey, Wellington. New Zealand Board of Science and Art, Wellington. New Zealand Institute, Wellington. NORWAY: Bergen Museum, Bergen. Peneerep ice Museum of Oslo, Geological slo. Norsk Geologisk Forening, Oslo. Tromso Museum, Tromso. Zlooogiske Museum, Osle. PALESTINE: Institute of Agriculture and Natural History, Tel-Aviv. PARAGUAY: Sociedad Cientifica, Asuncion. PERU: Revista del Archivo Nacional, Lima. POLAND: Académie Polonaise des Sciences et des Amis, Cracow. Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalia, Warsaw. Société Botanique de Pologne, War- saw. PORTUGAL: Universidade de Coimbra, Museu Zoologico, Coimbra. Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon. ROUMANIA: Université de Jassy, Jassy. 5382 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII RUSSIA: Académie des Sciences, Leningrad. Botanical Garden, Leningrad. Musée d’Anthropologie, Leningrad. Musée Géologique de Minéralogie Pierre le Grand, Leningrad. Poltava’s State Museum of the Name of Korolenko, Poltava. Russian Zoological Journal, Moscow. Société des Amis des Sciences Naturelles, d’Anthropologie et d’Ethnographie, Moscow. Société Ouralienne d’Amis des Sci- ences Naturelles, Ekaterinberg. SPAIN: Associacio Catalana d’Antropologia Etnologia i Prehistoria, Barcelona. Institucié Catalana d’Historia Na- tural, Barcelona. Junta para Amplicacion de Estudios e Investigaciones Cientificas, Ma- drid. Musei de Ciencias Naturales, Ma- rid. Sociedad Espanola de Antropologia, Etnografia y Prehistoria, Madrid. Sociedad Espanola de Historia Na- tural, Madrid. SWEDEN: Gotesborgs Botanika Tradgrad Goteborg. Geologiska Institute, Stockholm. K. Biblioteket, Stockholm. K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, Stockholm. K. Vetenkaps-och Vitterhets-Sam- halle, G6teborg. Lunds Universitet, Lund. Riksmuseets Etnografiska Avedel- ning, Stockholm. SWITZERLAND: Botanisches Museum, Zurich. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneva. Musée d’ Histoire, Lausanne. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Basel. Pa oueenenae Gesellschaft, Zu- rich. Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel. Schweizerische Entomologische Ge- sellschaft, Bern. Société Botanique, Geneva. Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle, Geneva. Société Helvétique des _ Naturelles, Bern. Société Neuchateloise de Géographie, Neuchatel. Société Suisse d’Anthropologie et d’Ethnologie, Bern. Societé Zoologique, Geneva. Sciences URUGUAY: Museo de Historia Natural, Monte- video. VENEZUELA: Cultura Venezolana, Caracas. WEST INDIES: Academia Nacional de la Artes y Letras, Havana. Biblioteca Nacional, Havana. Department of Agriculture, Bridge- town. Department of Agriculture, Kings- ton. Insular Experiment Station, Rio Piedras. Trinidad and Tobago Department of Agriculture, Port of Spain. Universidad de Habana, Havana. Adam, Tassilo, Vienna (gift). Beaux, Oscar de, Geneva. Castellanos, Alfredo, Buenos Aires (gift). Collinge, Walter E., York, England. Devincenzi, Garibaldi, J., Montevideo. Dieseldorff, E. P., Charlottenburg (gift). Dunod, Henri, Paris. Faura y Sans, M., Barcelona (gift). Ferguson, John C., Peking (gift). Frankfort, H., London (gift). Friedlander und Sohn, Berlin (gift). Gleerup, O. W. K., Lund. Hartert, Ernst, Berlin. Herter, Guillermo, Montevideo (gift). Hornell, James, London (gift. Langdon, S8., Oxford (gift). Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien, Paris. Meek, Alexander, Durham, England. Mertens, Robert, Frankfort on the Main (gift). Montani, Lonio, Chatou, France (gift). Maller, Lorenz, Munich. RTE Federico. K. G., Mexico City gift). Pittier, Henri, Caracas, Venezuela. Platania, Gaetano, Catania, Sicily. Prout ,A. E., London (gift). Rivet, P. Paris. Roth, Walter E., Christiansborg, Africa. Schinz, Hans, Zurich. Schlaginhaufen, Otto, Zurich. Sergi, Guiseppe, Rome. Spencer ,L. J., London. Stensio, Erik A., Stockholm. Teo J. Arthur, Aberdeen,Scotland gift). Tsuboi, R., Osaka (gift). Tsuda, Nositake, Tokyo (gift). Walsh, George B.,Scarborough,England. 9ZIs [enqoe YYU904ITYJ-9UO Aueulday ‘810qui9471INM ‘UepBULZlO FT TeH weyery -y ysourg (snunvsoauas) ATLA AMITATIGOOOUD LONILXY FO NOLAIAMS IX'T ld ‘ITA “1A ‘s}0doy . ALOASIFT [BINJLN JO VNosnyW plel7 ~ aun) > oT ety, = >< gin *4e2 =a : % - : ¢ al *. “a re a ‘ i i, s > > 5 ee a -_ soy bat he - ; if eS figs [m4 ; i [ — a oh : / ak - ' my a ‘ pa A: / isi a | 5 9- , i] a a b>. : 2 pe Li z. ea ; = et - - ee t ra a & ;- , ep. ms we f ; ; ; 5 F . ¥ = ; i - 7 J ee . P i 7 na teak ch a : : S oe ee Te Fe = JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT Welch, R. T., Belfast (gift). Zimanyi, Karl, Budapest. ALABAMA: Geological Survey, University. ARIZONA: Arizona Museum, Phoenix. CALIFORNIA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Berkeley. Balboa Park Museum, San Diego. Board of Fish and Game Commis- sioners, Sacramento. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. Cooper Ornithological Club, Holly- wood. Los Angeles Museum, Los Angeles. Natural History Museum, San Diego. Scripps Institution of Biological Re- search, La Jolla. Southern California Academy of Sciences, Los Angeles. Southwest Museum, Los Angeles. Stanford University. State Mining Bureau, Sacramento. University of California, Berkeley. University of Southern California, Los Angeles. COLORADO: Agricultural Experiment Station, Fort Collins. Bureau of Mines, Denver. Colorado College, Colorado Springs. Colorado Museum of Natural His- tory, Denver. State Agricultural College, Fort Collins. State Historical and Natural History Society, Denver. CONNECTICUT: Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven. Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Haven. Hartford Public Library, Hartford. Osborn Botanical Laboratory, New Haven. State Geological and Natural His- tory Survey, Hartford. Yale University, New Haven. DELAWARE: Agricultural Experiment Station, Wilmington. OF THE DIRECTOR 533 FLORIDA: Entomological Society, Gainesville. State Geological Survey, Tallahassee. HAWAII: Agricultural Experiment Station, Honolulu. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Board of Commissioners of Agri- culture and Forestry, Honolulu. Hawaiian Entomological Society, Honolulu. apes Historical Society, .Hono- ulu. - Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Associa- tion, Honolulu. Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Honolulu. University of Hawaii, Honolulu. IDAHO: Inspector of Mines, Butte. University of Idaho, Moscow. ILLINOIS: Agricultural Experiment Station, Urbana. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago. Board of Education, Chicago. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Chi- cago. Chicago Public Library, Chicago. Division of Natural History Survey, Urbana. Forestry Service, Urbana. Geographic Society, Chicago. Hardwood Record, Chicago (gift). Inland Printer, Chicago (gift). Izaak Walton League of America, Chicago (gift). John Crerar Library, Chicago. Morton Arboretum, Lisle. Newberry Library, Chicago. Northwestern University, Evanston. Open Court Publishing Company, Chicago. State iy aks of Science, Spring- eld. State Board of Agriculture, Spring- field. State Geological Survey, Springfield. State Historical Library, Springfield. State Museum of Natural History, _ Springfield. University of Chicago, Chicago. University of Illinois, Urbana. INDIANA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Indianapolis. 5384 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII Indiana University, Bloomington. John Herron Art Institute, Indian- apolis. Purdue University, Lafayette. University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame. IOWA: Agricultural Ames. Historical, Memorial and Art De- partment, Des Moines. Iowa Geological Survey, Des Moines. lowa Journal of Science, lowa City. Iowa Horticultural Society, Des Moines. Iowa State College of Agriculture, Experiment Station, mes. University of Iowa, Iowa City. KANSAS: State Board of Agriculture, Topeka. State Geological Survey, Lawrence. State Historical Society, Topeka. University of Kansas, Lawrence. KENTUCKY: Academy of Science, Lexington. Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisville. Kentucky Geological Survey, Frank- fort. LOUISIANA: Department of Conservation, Baton Rouge. State Museum, Baton Rouge. MAINE: Bowdoin College, Brunswick. MARYLAND: Academy of Science, Baltimore. Agricultural Experiment Station, College Park. Enoch Pratt Free Library, Balti- more. JohnsHopkinsUniversity, Baltimore. MASSACHUSETTS: Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst. American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston. American Antiquarian Society, Wor- cester. Boston Public Library, Boston. Clark University, Worcester. Essex Institute, Salem. Harvard College, Museum of Com- parative Zoology, Cambridge. Harvard University, Arnoid Arbore- tum, Jamaica Plain. Harvard University, Gray Herba- rium, Cambridge. Horticultural Society, Boston. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. New Bedford Free Library, New Bedford. Peabody Institute, Salem. Peabody Museum, Cambridge. Salem Public Library, Salem. Springfield City Library Association, Springfield. Williams College, Williamstown. MICHIGAN: Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural College. Department of Conservation, Geolo- gical Survey Division, Lansing. Detroit Institute of Art, Detroit. Grand Rapids Public Library, Grand Rapids. Michigan Academy of Sciences, Ann Arbor. Michigan College of Mines, Hough- ton. Michigan State Library, Lansing. State Board of Agriculture, Lansing. State Board of Library Commissions, Lansing. Edward K. Warren Foundation, Three Oaks. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. MINNESOTA: Agricultural Experiment Station, University Farm. Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Min- neapolis. Minnesota Geological Survey, Min- neapolis. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul. University of Minnesota, St. Paul. MISSISSIPPI: Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural College. Mississippi Plant Board, Agricul- tural College. MISSOURI: Agricultural Columbia. Bureau of Geology and Mines, Rolla. City Art Museum, St. Louis. Missouri Botanic Garden, St. Louis. cae Historical Society, Colum- la. Experiment Station, JAN. 1929 Missouri State Game and Fish Department, Columbia. St. Louis Public Library, St. Louis. University of Missouri, School of Mines, Rolla. Washington University, St. Louis. NEBRASKA: Geological Survey, Lincoln. State University, Lincoln. NEW JERSEY: Agricultural Experiment Station, Trenton. ever Museums Association, New- ark. Princeton University, Princeton. NEW MEXICO: Agricultural Experiment Station, Santa Fe. Historical Society, Santa Fe. New Mexico Museum, Santa Fe. NEW YORK: Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva. American Academy in Rome, New York City. American Museum of Natural His- tory, New York City. American Polish Chamber of Com- merce, New York City. Barrett Company, Agricultural De- partment, New York City (gift). Bingham Oceanographic Collection, New York City (gift). mice Botanic Garden, Brook- yn. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Brooklyn. Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Buffalo. Columbia University, New York City. Cornell. University, Ithaca. Garden Club of America, New York City. Italy-American Society, New York City. Japan Society, New York City. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. Museum of the American Indian, New York City. New York Academy of Sciences, New York City. New York Botanical Garden, New York City. New York Historical Society, New York City. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 535 New York Linnean Society, New York City. New York Public Library, New York City. New York State Library, Albany. Plastic Publications, New York City (gift). Pratt Institute, New York City. Rockefeller Foundation, New York City. State College of Forestry, Syracuse. State Museum, Albany. Staten Island Institution of Arts and Sciences, Staten Island, New York City. Stone Publishing Company, New York City. Syracuse University, Syracuse. Tompkins-Kiel Marble Company, New York City (gift). United Fruit Company, New York City (gift). University of the State of New York, lbany. Vassar College, Poughkeepsie. Zoological Society, New York City. NORTH CAROLINA: Duke University, Durham. Geological and Economic Survey, Raleigh. Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, Chapel Hill. | NORTH DAKOTA: State Historical Society, Bismarck. University of North Dakota, Uni- versity. OHIO: Agricultural Wooster. Cincinnati Museums Associations, Cincinnati. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleve- land Cleveland Museum of Natural His- tory, Cleveland. Cleveland Public Library, land. Denison University, Granville. Geological Survey, Columbus. Oberlin College, Oberlin. Ohio Academy of Science, Columbus. State Archaeological and Historical Society, Columbus. State University, Columbus. University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati. Wilson Ornithological Club, Oberlin. Experiment Station, Cleve- 586 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VII OKLAHOMA: Oklahoma Academy of Science, Nor- man. Oklahoma Geological Survey, Nor- man. University of Oklahoma, Norman. OREGON: Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Oregon, Eugene. PENNSYLVANIA: Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia. Agricultural Experiment Station, Harrisburg. American Philosophical Society, Phil- adelphia. Antivenin Institute of America, Philadelphia. Bureau of Topographical and Geo- logical Survey, Harrisburg. Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh. Carnegie Library, Pittsburgh. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Department of Agriculture, Harris- burg. Department of Forests and Waters, Harrisburg. Engineers’ Society of Western Penn- sylvania, Pittsburgh. Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. Lehigh University, Bethlehem. Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art, Philadelphia. Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia. Philadelphia Commercial Museum, Philadelphia. Reading Public Museum and Art Gallery, Reading. Sullivant Moss Society, Pittsburgh. University of Pennsylvania, Phila- delphia. University of Pennsylvania, Mu- seum, Philadelphia. Wagener Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia. Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Bureau of Education, Manila. Bureau of Science, Manila. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Manila. Department of Interior, Manila. SOUTH DAKOTA: State School of Mines, Rapid City. TENNESSEE: Agricultural Nashville. TEXAS: Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station. Baylor University, Waco. Scientific Society, San Antonio. University of Texas, Austin. UTAH: Agricultural Logan. University of Utah, Salt Lake City. VERMONT: Agricultural Burlington. VIRGINIA Geological Survey, Charlottesville. State Library, Richmond. ee Aa of Virginia, Charlottes- ville. WASHINGTON: Agricultural Experiment Station, Seattle. Department of Conservation and Development, Division of Geo- logy, Olympia. Mountaineer Club, Seattle. Pacific Northwest Bird and Mammal Society, Seattle. Puget Sound Biological Station, Seattle. Washington University, Seattle. Washington University, Historical Society, Seattle. WASHINGTON, D. C. American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science. American Association of Museums. American Mining Congress. Archaeological Institute of America. Carnegie Endowment for Interna- tional Peace (gift). Carnegie Institution of Washington (gift). Library of Congress. National Academy of Science. National Parks Bulletin. National Research Council. Pan American Union. Science Service. Smithsonian Institution. : Tropical Plant Research Foundation. United States Government. United States National Museum. Experiment Station, Experiment Station, Experiment Station, 1929 WEST VIRGINIA: Academy of Science, Morgantown. Geological Survey, Morgantown. State Department of Agriculture, JAN. Charleston. West Virginia University, Morgan- town. WISCONSIN: Agricultural Experiment Station, Madison. Beloit College, Beloit. Public Museum of Milwaukee. State Horticultural Society, Madi- son. University of Wisconsin, Madison. Wisconsin Academy of Arts, Sci- ences and Letters, Madison. Anderson, Robert van Vleck, Menlo Park, California. Arthur, J. C., Lafayette, Indiana. Baker, Frank C., Urbana, Illinois. Bangs, Outram, Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. Barnes, R. Magoon, Lacon, Illinois. Blake, S. F., Washington, D. C. Block, Rudolph, New York City (gift). Butler, Amos, Indianapolis, Indiana. Cockerell, T. D. A., Boulder, Colorado. Cook, Harold J., Agate, Colorado (gift). Davies, D. C., Chicago (gift). Dickey, Donald R., Pasadena, Cali- fornia. Everitt, Simon W., Chicago (gift). Estabrooks, G. H., Hamilton, New York (gift). Farwell, Oliver A., Detroit (gift). Field, Henry, Chicago (gift). Field, Stanley, Chicago (gift). Gates, Frank C., Manhattan, Kansas. Gerhard, W. J., Chicago (gift). Gunder, J. D., Pasadena, California (gift). Ae Hobbs, William H., Ann Arbor, Michi- gan. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR DoT Holland, W. J., Pittsburgh. Hubbs, Carl L., Ann Arbor, Michigan. Jillson, Willard R., Frankfort, Ken- tucky. Jones, E. T. (Mr. and Mrs.) Chicago (gift) Keck, David D., Berkeley, California (gift). King, George, New York City. Laufer, Berthold, Chicago (gift). Lewis, A. B., Chicago (gift). Love, Charles A., Aurora, Illinois (gift). Lyon, M. W., South Bend, Indiana. Osborn, Henry F., New York City. Osgood, Wilfred H. , Chicago, (gift). Patten, Henry J., ’ Evanston, Illinois (gift). Penrose, R. A. F., Jr., Philadelphia. Peters, James L., Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. Peterson, O. A., Pittsburgh. Pike, Charles B., Chicago (gift). Riggs, E. S., Chicago (gift). Robinson, B. L., Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. St. John, Harold, Seattle, Washington (gift). Sanborn, Colin C., Chicago (gift). Schmidt, Karl P., Chicago (gift). Shellbach, Louis, New York City, (gift). Simms, Stephen C., Chicago (gift). Standley, Paul C., Chicago (gift). Starr, Frederick, Seattle, Washington. Thompson, J. Eric, Chicago (gift). Thone, Frank, Washington, D. C. (gift). Todd, W. E. Clyde, Pittsburgh. Van Tyne, Josselyn, Ann Arbor, Michi- gan. Weiss, Harry B., New Brunswick, New Jersey. Westcott, Charles, Chicago (gift). Williams, Herbert U., Buffalo, New York (gift). Wood, Frank E., Chicago (gift). Zimmer, John T., Chicago. 5388 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION STATE OF ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF STATE WILLIAM H. HINRICHSEN, Secretary of State To ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, GREETING: Whereas, a Certificate duly signed and acknowledged having been filed in the office of the Secretary of State, on the 16th day of September, A. D. 1898, for the organization of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO, under and in ac- cordance with the provisions of ““An Act Concerning Corporations,” approved April 18, 1872, and in force July 1, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof, 2 copy of which certificate is hereto attached. Now, therefore, I, William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State of the State of Illinois, by virtue of the powers and duties vested in me by law, do hereby certify that the said COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO is a legally organized Corporation under the laws of this State. In Testimony Whereof, I hereto set my hand and cause to be affixed the Great Seal of State. Done at the City of Springfield, this 16th day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-three, and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and eighteenth. W. H. HINRICHSEN, [SEAL] . Secretary of State. TO HON. WILLIAM H. HINRICHSEN, SECRETARY OF STATE: SIR: We, the undersigned citizens of the United States, propose to form a cor- poration under an act of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, entitled “An Act Concerning Corporations,’”’ approved April 18, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof; and that for the purposes of such organization we hereby state as follows, to-wit: 1. The name of such corporation is the “COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO.” 2. The object for which it is formed is for the accumulation and dis- semination of knowledge, and the preservation and exhibition of objects illus- trating Art, Archeology, Science and History. 3. The management of the aforesaid museum shall be vested in a Board of FIFTEEN (15) TRUSTEES, five of whom are to be elected every year. 4. The following named persons are hereby selected as the Trustees for the first year of its corporate existence: j Edward E. Ayer, Charles B. Farwell, George E. Adams, George R. Davis, Charles L. Hutchinson, Daniel H. Burnham, John A. Roche, M. C. Bullock, Emil G. Hirsch, James W. Ellsworth, Allison V. Armour, O. F: Aldis, Edwin Walker, John C. Black and Frank W. Gunsaulus. 5. The location of the Museum is in the City of Chicago, County of Cook, and State of Illinois. (Signed) George E. Adams, C. B. Farwell, Sidney C. Eastman, F. W. Putnam, Robert McCurdy, Andrew Peterson, L. J. Gage, Charles L. Hutchinson, Ebenezer JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 539 Buckingham, Andrew McNally, Edward E. Ayer, John M. Clark, Herman H. Kohlsaat, George Schneider, Henry H. Getty, William R. Harper, Franklin H. Head, E. G. Keith, J. Irving Pearce, Azel F. Hatch, Henry Wade Rogers, Thomas B. Bryan, L. Z. Leiter, A. C. Bartlett, A. A. Sprague, A. C. McClurg, James W. Scott, Geo. F. Bissell, John R. Walsh, Chas. Fitzsimmons, John A. Roche, E. B. McCagg, Owen F. Aldis, Ferdinand W. Peck, James H. Dole, Joseph Stockton, Edward B. Butler, John McConnell, R. A. Waller, H. C. Chatfield-Taylor, A. Crawford, Wm. Sooy Smith, P. S. Peterson, John C. Black, Jno. J. Mitchell, C. F. Gunther, George R. Davis, Stephen A. Forbes, Robert W. Patterson, Jr., M. C. Bullock, Edwin Walker, George M. Pullman, William E. Curtis, James W. Ellsworth, William E. Hale, Wm. T. Baker, Martin A. Ryerson, Huntington W. Jackson, N. B. Ream, Norman Williams, Melville E. Stone, Bryan Lathrop, Eliphalet W. Blatchford, Philip D. Armour. STATE OF ILLINOIS Ss. Cook COUNTY \ I, G. R. MITCHELL, a NOTARY PUBLIC in and for said County, do hereby certify that the foregoing petitioners personally appeared before me and acknowledged severally that they signed the foregoing petition as their free and voluntary act for the uses and purposes therein set forth. Given under my hand and notarial seal this 14th day of September, 1898. G. R. MITCHELL, [SEAL] NoTARY PUBLIC, Cook COUNTY, ILL. a CHANGE OF NAME Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 25th day of June, 1894, the name of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was _ changed to FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was filed June 26, 1894, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE OF NAME Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members heid the 8th day of November, 1905, the name of the FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. A certificate to this effect was filed November 10, 1905, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 3 Pursuant to a resolution at a meeting of the corporate members held the 10th day of May, 1920, the management of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY shall be invested in a Board of TWENTY-ONE (21) TRUSTEES, who shall be elected in such manner and for such time and term of office as may be provided for by the By-Laws. A certificate to this effect was filed May 21, 1920, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. 540 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VI1 AMENDED BY-LAWS JANUARY 1929 ARTICLE I MEMBERS SECTION 1. Members shall be of eleven classes, Corporate Members, Hon- orary Members, Patrons, Benefactors, Fellows, Life Members, Non-Resident Life Members, Associate Members, Non-Resident Associate Life Members, Sustaining Members, and Annual Members. SECTION 2. The Corporate Members shall consist of the persons named in the articles of incorporation, and of such other persons as shall be chosen from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, upon the recom- mendation of the Executive Committee; provided, that such person named in the articles of incorporation shall, within ninety days from the adoption of these By-Laws, and persons hereafter chosen as Corporate Members shall, within ninety days of their election, pay into the treasury the sum of twenty dollars ($20.00) or more. Corporate Members becoming Life Members, Patrons or Honorary Members shall be exempt from dues. Annual meetings of said | Corporate Members shall be held at the same place and on the same day that the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees is held. SECTION 8. Honorary Members shall be chosen by the Board from among persons who have rendered eminent service to science, and only upon unanimous nomination of the Executive Committee. They shall be exempt from all dues. SECTION 4. Patrons shall be chosen by the Board upon recommendation of the Executive Committee from among persons who have rendered eminent ser- vice to the Museum. They shall be exempt from all dues, and, by virtue of their election as Patrons, shall also be Corporate Members. SECTION 5. Any person contributing or devising the sum of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00) in cash, or securities, or property to the funds of the Museum, may be elected a Benefactor of the Museum. SECTION 6. Any person contributing the sum of Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000.00) in cash or securities to the funds of the Museum, may be elected a Fellow of the Museum, who after being so elected shall have the right in perpetuity to appoint the successor in said Fellowship. SECTION 7. Any person paying into the treasury the sum of Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00), at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Life Member. Life Members ‘shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to mem- bers of the Board of Trustees. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Life Member. Non-Resident Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to members of the Board of Trustees. SECTION 8. Any person paying into the treasury of the Museum the sum of one hundred dollars ($100.00), at any one time, shall upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become an Associate Member. Associate Members shall be entitled to: tickets admitting member and members of family, including non- resident home guests; all publications of the Museum, if so desired; reserved seats for all lectures and entertainments under the auspices of the Museum, pro- vided reservation is requested in advance; and admission of holder of member- ship and accompanying party to all special exhibits and Museum functions day or evening. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of Fifty Dollars ($50.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Associate Life JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 541 Member. Non-Resident Associate Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to Associate Members. SECTION 9. Sustaining Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of twenty-five dollars ($25.00), payable within thirty days after notice of election and within thirty days after each recurring annual date. This Sustaining Membership entitles the member to free admission for the member and family to the Museum on any day, the Annual Report and such other Museum documents or publications as may be requested in writing. When a Sustaining Member has paid the annual fee of $25.00 for six years, such mem- ber shall be entitled to become an Associate Member. SECTION 10. Annual Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of ten dollars ($10.00), payable within thirty days after each recurring annual date. An Annual Membership shall entitle the member to a card of admission for the member and family during all hours when the Museum is open to the public, and free admission for the member and family to all Museum lectures or entertainments. This membership will also entitle the holder to the courtesies of the membership privileges of every Museum of note in the United States and Canada, so long as the existing system of co- operative interchange of membership tickets shall be maintained, including tickets for any lectures given under the auspices of any of the Museums during a visit to the cities in which the cooperative museums are located. SECTION 11. All membership fees, excepting Sustaining and Annual, shall hereafter be applied to a permanent Membership Endowment Fund, the interest only of which shall be applied for the use of the Museum as the Board of Trustees may order. ARTICLE II BOARD OF TRUSTEES SECTION 1. The Board of Trustees shall consist of twenty-one members. The respective members of the Board now in office, and those who shall here- after be elected, shall hold office during life. Vacancies oecurring in the Board shall be filled at a regular meeting of the Board, upon the nomination of the Executive Committee made at a preceding regular meeting of the Board, by a majority vote of the members of the Board present. SECTION 2. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held on the third Mon- day of each month. Special meetings may be called at any time by the President, and shall be called by the Secretary upon the written request of three Trustees. Five Trustees shall constitute a quorum, except for the election of officers or the adoption of the Annual Budget, when seven Trustees shall be required, but meet- ings may be adjourned by any less number from day to day, or to a day fixed, previous to the next regular meeting. SECTION 8. Reasonable written notice, designating the time and place of holding meetings, shall be given by the Secretary. ARTICLE III HONORARY TRUSTEES SECTION 1. As a mark of respect, andin appreciation of services performed for the Institution, those Trustees who by reason of inability, on account of change of residence, or for other cause or from indisposition to serve longer in such capacity shall resign their place upon the Board, may be elected, by a majority of those present at any regular meeting of the Board, an Honorary Trustee for life. Such Honorary Trustee will receive notice of all meetings of the Board of Trustees, whether regular or special, and will be expected to be present at all such meetings and participate in the deliberations thereof, but an Honorary Trustee shall not have the right to vote. 542 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII ARTICLE IV OFFICERS SECTION 1. The officers shall be a President, a First Vice-President, 2 Second Vice-President, a Third Vice-President, a Secretary, an Assistant Secre- tary and a Treasurer. They shall be chosen by ballot by the Board of Trustees, a majority of those present and voting being necessary to elect. The President, the First Vice-President, the Second Vice-President, and the Third Vice-Presi- dent shall be chosen from among the members of the Board of Trustees. The meeting for the election of officers shall be held on the third Monday of January of each year, and shall be called the Annual Meeting. SECTION 2. The officers shall hold office for one year, or until their suc- cessors are elected and qualified, but any officer may be removed at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the Board. Vacancies in any office may be filled by the Board at any meeting. SECTION 8. The officers shall perform such duties as ordinarily appertain to their respective offices, and such as shall be prescribed by the By-Laws, or designated from time to time by the Board of Trustees. ARTICLE V THE TREASURER SECTION 1. The Treasurer shall be custodian of the funds of the Corpor- ation except as hereinafter provided. He shall make disbursements only upon warrants drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman . of the Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the President, may be countersigned by one of the Vice-Presidents, or any member of the Finance Committee. SECTION 2. The securities and muniments of title belonging to the cor- poration shall be placed in the custody of some Trust Company of Chicago to be designated by the Board of Trustees, which Trust Company shall collect the income and principal of said securities as the same become due, and pay same to the Treasurer, except as hereinafter provided. Said Trust Company shall allow access to and deliver any or all securities or muniments of title to the joint order of the following officers, namely The President or one of the Vice-Presidents, jointly with the Chairman, or one of the Vice-Chairmen, of the Finance Committee of the Museum. SECTION 3. The Treasurer shall give bond in such amount, and with such sureties as shall be approved by the Board of Trustees. SECTION 4. The Harris Trust & Savings Bank of Chicago shall be Cus- todian of “The N. W. Harris Public School Extension of Field Museum”’ fund. The bank shall make disbursements only upon warrants drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the President, may be countersigned by one of the ee Presidents, or any member of the Finance Committee. ARTICLE VI THE DIRECTOR SECTION 1. The Board of Trustees shall elect a Director of the Museum, who shall remain in office until his successor shall be elected. He shall have im- mediate charge and supervision of the Museum, and shall control the operations of the Institution, subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and its Committees. The Director shall be the official medium of communication be- pseu the Board, or its Committees, and the scientific staff and maintenance orce. SECTION 2. There shall be four scientific Departments of the Museum— Anthropology, Botany, Geology and Zoology; each under the charge of a ne JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 543 Curator, subject to the authority of the Director. The Curators shall be ap- pointed by the Board upon the recommendation of the Director, and shall serve during the pleasure of the Board. Subordinate staff officers in the scientific Departments shall be appointed and removed by the Director upon the recommendation of the Curators of the respective Departments. The ees shall have authority to employ and remove all other employees of the useum. SECTION 38. The Director shall make report to the Board at each regular meeting, recounting the operations of the Museum for the previous month. At the Annual Meeting, the Director shall make an Annual Report, reviewing the work for the previous year, which Annual Report shall be published in pamphlet form for the information of the Trustees and Members, and for free distribution in such number as the Board may direct. ARTICLE VII AUDITOR SECTION 1. The Board shall appoint an Auditor, who shall hold his office during the pleasure of the Board. He shall keep proper books of account, set- ting forth the financial condition and transactions of the Corporation, and of the Museum, and report thereon at each regular meeting, and at such other times as may be required by the Board. He shall certify to the correctness of all bills rendered for the expenditure of the money of the Corporation. ARTICLE VIII COMMITTEES SECTION 1. There shall be five Committees, as follows: Finance, Building, Auditing, Pension and Executive. SECTION 2. The Finance Committee shall consist of five members, the Auditing and Pension Committees shall each consist of three members, and the Building Committee shall consist of five members. All members of these four Committees shall be elected by ballot by the Board at the Annual Meeting, and shall hold office for one year, and until their successors are elected and quali- fied. In electing the members of these Committees, the Board shall designate the Chairman and Vice-Chairman by the order in which the members are named in the respective Committee; the first member named shall be Chair- man, the second named the Vice-Chairman, and the third named, Second Vice- chairman, succession to the Chairmanship being in this order in the event of the absence or disability of the Chairman. SECTION 3. The Executive Committee shall consist of the President of the Board, the Chairman of the Finance Committee, the Chairman of the Building Committee, the Chairman of the Auditing Committee, the Chairman of the Pension Committee, and three other members of the Board to be elected by ballot at the Annual Meeting. SECTION 4. Four members shall constitute a quorum of the Executive Com- mittee, and in all standing Committees two members shall constitute a quorum. In the event that, owing to the absence or inability of members, a quorum of the regular elected members cannot be present at any meeting of any Com- mittee, then the Chairman thereof, or his successor, as herein provided, may summon any members of the Board of Trustees to act in place of the absentee. SECTION 5. The Finance Committee shall have supervision of investing the endowment and other permanent funds of the Corporation, and the care of such real estate as may become its property. It shall have authority to invest, sell, and reinvest funds, subject to the approval of the Board. SECTION 6. The Building Committee shall have supervision of the con- struction, reconstruction, and extension of any and all buildings used for Museum purposes. SECTION 7. The Executive Committee shall be called together from time to time as the Chairman may consider necessary, or as he may be requested 544 KIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII to do by three members of the Committee, to act upon such matters affecting the administration of the Museum as cannot await consideration at the Regular Monthly Meetings of the Board of Trustees. It shall, before the beginning of each fiscal year, prepare and submit to the Board an itemized Budget, setting forth the probable receipts from all sources for the ensuing year, and make recommendations as to the expenditures which should be made for routine maintenance and fixed charges. Upon the adoption of the Budget by the Board, the expenditures as stated are authorized. SECTION 8. The Auditing Committee shall have supervision over all ac- counting and bookkeeping, and full control of the financial records. It shall cause the same, once each year, or oftener, to be examined by an expert indi- vidual or firm, and shall transmit the report of such expert individual or firm to the Board at the next ensuing regular meeting after such examination shall have taken place. SECTION 9. The Pension Committee shall determine by such means and processes as shall be established by the Board of Trustees to whom and in what amount the Pension Fund shall be distributed. These determinations or findings shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees. SECTION 10. The Chairman of each Committee shall report the acts and proceedings thereof at the next ensuing regular meeting of the Board. SECTION 11. The President shall be ex-officio a member of all Committees and Chairman of the Executive Committee. Vacancies occurring in any Com- mittee may be filled by ballot at any regular meeting of the Board. ARTICLE IX NOMINATING COMMITTEE SECTION 1. At the November meeting of the Board each year, a Nomi- nating Committee of three shall be chosen by lot. Said Committee shall make nominations for membership of the Finance Committee, the Building Commit- tee, the Auditing Committee, and the Pension Committee, and for three mem- bers of the Executive Committee, from among the Trustees, to be submitted at the ensuing December meeting and voted upon at the following Annual Meeting in January. ARTICLE X SECTION 1. Whenever the word ‘‘Museum”’ is employed in the By-Laws of the Corporation, it shall be taken to mean the building in which the Museum as an Institution is located and operated, the material exhibited, the material in study collections, or in storage, furniture, fixtures, cases, tools, records, books, and all appurtenances of the Institution and the workings, researches, installa- tions, expenditures, field work, laboratories, library, publications, lecture courses, and all scientific and maintenance activities. SECTION 2. These By-Laws may be amended at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a two-thirds vote of all the members present, provided the amendment shall have been proposed at a preceding regular meeting. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR FOUNDER * MARSHALL FIELD BENEFACTORS Those who have contributed $100,000 or more to the Museum *AYER, EDWARD E. BUCKINGHAM, Miss KATE S. *FIELD, JOSEPH N. FIELD, CAPTAIN MARSHALL FIELD, STANLEY ae GRAHAM, ERNEST R. HARRIS, ALBERT W. *DECEASED *HARRIS, NORMAN W. *HIGINBOTHAM, HARLOW N. KELLEY, WILLIAM V. *PULLMAN, GEORGE M. RAYMOND, MRs. ANNA LOUISE *RAYMOND, JAMES NELSON SIMPSON, JAMES *STURGES, Mrs. Mary D. HONORARY MEMBERS Those who have rendered eminent service to Science AYER, Mrs. EDWARD E. BREASTED, PROFESSOR JAMES H. CHALMERS, WILLIAM J. CRANE, CHARLES R. CRANE, RICHARD T., JR. FIELD, CAPTAIN MARSHALL FIELD, STANLEY GRAHAM, ERNEST R. HARRIS, ALBERT W. KEEP, CHAUNCEY LupDwiG, H. R. H. GusTaF ADOLF, CROWN PRINCE OF SWEDEN McCorRMICK, STANLEY ROSENWALD, JULIUS ROSENWALD, Mrs. AUGUSTA N. RYERSON, MARTIN A. SARGENT, HOMER E. SIMPSON, JAMES SPRAGUE, ALBERT A. DECEASED, 1928 BLACKSTONE, Mrs. T. B. PATRONS Those who have rendered eminent service to the Museum ARMOUR, ALLISON V. BORLAND, Mrs. JOHN JAY CHADBOURNE, MRs. EMILY CRANE CHERRIE, GEORGE K, COLLINS, ALFRED M. CONOVER, BOARDMAN CUMMINGS, Mrs. RoBEertT F. CuTTING, C. SUYDAM Day, LEE GARNETT ELLSWORTH, DUNCAN S. KELLEY, WILLIAM V. KENNEDY, VERNON SHAW KNIGHT, CHARLES R, KUNZ, GEORGE F. LANGDON, PROFESSOR STEPHEN MARKHAM, CHARLES H. Moore, Mrs. WILLIAM H. PAYNE, JOHN BARTON PROBST, EDWARD RAWSON, FREDERICK H. ROOSEVELT, KERMIT ROOSEVELT, THEODORE SARGENT, HOMER E. SMITH, MRS. GEORGE T. STRAWN, SILAS H. WHITE, HOWARD J. DECEASED, 1928 BUTLER, EDWARD B. 546 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII CORPORATE MEMBERS ARMOUR, ALLISON V. BORDEN, JOHN BORLAND, MRS. JOHN JAY BYRAM, HARRY E. CHADBOURNE, Mrs. EMILY CRANE CHALMERS, W. J. CHATFIELD-TAYLOR, H. C. CHERRIE, GEORGE K. COLLINS, ALFRED M. CONOVER, BOARDMAN CRANE, RICHARD T., JR. CUMMINGS, Mrs. ROBERT F. CuTTING, C. SUYDAM Day, LEE GARNETT EASTMAN, SIDNEY C. ELLSWORTH, DUNCAN S. FIELD, CAPTAIN MARSHALL FIELD, STANLEY GRAHAM, ERNEST R. HARRIS, ALBERT W. KEEP, CHAUNCEY KELLEY, WILLIAM V, KENNEDY, VERNON SHAW KNIGHT, CHARLES R. KUNZ, GEORGE F. LANGDON, PROFESSOR STEPHEN McCormMIck, Cyrus H. MARKHAM, CHARLES H. MITCHELL, WILLIAM H. Moore, MRS. WILLIAM H. PAYNE, JOHN BARTON PROBST, EDWARD RAWSON, FREDERICK H. ROOSEVELT, KERMIT ROOSEVELT, THEODORE RYERSON, MARTIN A. SARGENT, HOMER E. SIMPSON, JAMES SMITH, MRS. GEORGE T. SMITH, SOLOMON A. SPRAGUE, ALBERT A. STONE, MELVILLE E. STRAWN, SILAS H. WHITE, HOWARD J. WRIGLEY, WILLIAM, JR. DECEASED, 1928 BLAIR, WATSON F. BUTLER, EDWARD B. DAVIES, D. C. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR LIFE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $500 to the Museum ABBOTT, JOHN JAY ABBOTT, ROBERT S. ALDIS, ARTHUR T. ALEXANDER, WILLIAM A. ALLERTON, ROBERT H. AMES, JAMES C. AMES, KNOWLTON L. ARMOUR, ALLISON V. ‘ARMOUR, A. WATSON ARMOUR, LESTER AVERY, SEWELL L. BABCOCK, FREDERICK R. BACON, EDWARD RICHARDSON, JR. BANKS, ALEXANDER F. BARRETT, Mrs. A. D. BARRETT, ROBERT L. BASSFORD, LOWELL C. BENDIX, VINCENT BENSABOTT, R. BILLINGS, C. K. G. BILLINGS, DR. FRANK BLAINE, Mrs. EMMONS BLAIR, HENRY A. BLAIR, MRS. WATSON F. BLOcK, L. E. BLOCK, PHILIP D. BooTtH, W. VERNON BORDEN, JOHN BORDEN, Mrs. WALLER BORLAND, CHAUNCEY B. BRANNAN, GEORGE E. BREWSTER, WALTER S. Bross, Mrs. MASON BROWN, CHARLES EDWARD BROWN, WILLIAM L. BUCHANAN, D. W. BubDD, BRITTON I. BUFFINGTON, EUGENE J. BURNHAM, JOHN BuRT, WILLIAM G. BUTLER, JULIUS W. BYRAM, HARRY E. CARPENTER, AUGUSTUS A, CARPENTER, Mrs. HUBBARD CARR, ROBERT F. CARRY, EDWARD F. CARTON, L. A. CHALMERS, WILLIAM J. CHALMERS, MRs. WILLIAM J. CHANDLER, REUBEN G. CLARK, EUGENE B. CLAY, JOHN CLEGG, Mrs. HENRY G. CLEGG, WILLIAM G. CLEGG, Mrs. WILLIAM G. CLINCH, R. FLOYD CLOW, WILLIAM E. CONOVER, BOARDMAN COPLEY, COLONEL IRA CLIFF, (N. R.) CORLEY, F. D. COWLES, ALFRED CRAMER, CORWITH CRAMER, E. W. CRAMER, Mrs. KATHARINE S. CRANE, CHARLES R. CRANE, RICHARD T., JR. CROSSETT, EDWARD C. CROSSLEY, SIR KENNETH CROSSLEY, LADY JOSEPHINE CROWELL, H. P. CUDAHY, EDWARD A., CUDAHY, EDWARD A., JR. CUDAHY, JOSEPH M. CUMMINGS, D. MARK CUNNINGHAM, FRANK S. CUNNINGHAM, JAMES D. CURTIS, MRS. ROBERT M. CUTTEN, ARTHUR W. DAU, J. J. DAVIES, Mrs. D. C. DAWES, CHARLES G. Day, ALBERT M. DECKER, ALFRED DEFREES, JOSEPH H. DELANO, FREDERIC A. DEWOLF, WALLACE L. Dick, ALBERT BLAKE DIERSSEN, FERDINAND W. DIXON, GEORGE W. DIXON, HOMER L. DONNELLEY, REUBEN H. DONNELLEY, THOMAS E. DOUGLAS, JAMES H. DRAKE, JOHN B. DRAKE, TRACY C. DREYFUS, MOISE 548 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VII ECKHART, B. A. EDMUNDS, PHILIP S. EWING, CHARLES HULL FARNUM, HENRY W. FARR, Miss SHIRLEY FARRINGTON, DR. OLIVER C. FARWELL, ARTHUR L. FARWELL, FRANCIS C. FARWELL, JOHN V. FARWELL, WALTER Fay, C.N. FELT, DoRR E. FENTON, HOWARD W. FERGUSON, LouIS A. FERRY, Mrs. ABBY FARWELL FIELD, JOSEPH NASH, II FIELD, CAPTAIN MARSHALL FIELD, NORMAN FIELD, Mrs. NORMAN FIELD, Mrs. SARA CARROLL FIELD, STANLEY FLEMING, JOHN C. FORGAN, DAVID R. FYFFE, COLIN C. H. GARDNER, PAUL E. GARDNER, ROBERT A. GARTZ, A. F. GARTZ, A. F., JR. GARY, MRs. JOHN W. GETZ, GEORGE F. GLESSNER, JOHN J. GODDARD, LEROY A. GOODMAN, WILLIAM O. GOODRICH, A. W. GOODSPEED, CHARLES B. GOWING, J. PARKER GRAHAM, ERNEST R. GRIFFITHS, JOHN GRISCOM, CLEMENT A. HACK, FREDERICK C. HAMILL, ALFRED E. HARRIS, ALBERT W. HARRIS, NORMAN W. HASKELL, FREDERICK T. HASTINGS, SAMUEL M. HECHT, FRANK A., JR. HIBBARD, FRANK HILL, Louis W. HINDE, THOMAS W. HINKLEY, JAMES OTIS HIPPACH, LouIS A. HOPKINS, J. M. HOPKINS, L. J. Horowitz, L. J. Hoyt, N. LANDON HuGHES, THOMAS §S. HURLEY, EDWARD N. INSULL, SAMUEL INSULL, SAMUEL, JR. JARNAGIN, WILLIAM N. JELKE, JOHN F. JELKE, JOHN F., JR. JOHNSON, MRs. ELIZABETH AYER JONES, Mrs. ARTHUR B. JONES, MISS GWETHALYN JONES, THOMAS D. KEEP, CHAUNCEY KELLER, THEODORE C. KELLEY, MRS. DAPHNE FIELD KELLEY, RUSSELL P. KELLEY, WILLIAM V. KING, CHARLES GARFIELD KING, FRANCIS KING, JAMES G. KIRK, WALTER RADCLIFFE KNICKERBOCKER, CHARLES K. KUPPENHEIMER, LOUIS B. LAMONT, ROBERT P, LANDON, MRS. JESSIE SPALDING (NR) LEHMANN, E. J. LEONARD, CLIFFORD M. LEOPOLD, Mrs. HAROLD E. LEvy, Mrs. DAvip M. LINN, W. R. LOGAN, SPENCER H. LORD, JOHN B. LOWDEN, FRANK O. LYTTON, GEORGE LYTTON, HENRY C. MACDOWELL, CHARLES H. MACVEAGH, FRANKLIN MARK, CLAYTON MARKHAM, CHARLES H. MARSHALL, BENJAMIN H. MARTIN, WILLIAM P., SR. MASON, WILLIAM §. McCormick, Cyrus H. McCormick, Mrs. EDITH ROCKEFELLER McCorMIckK, HAROLD F. McCormIck, STANLEY McCUuTCHEON, JOHN T. MCcILVAINE, WILLIAM B. McINNERNEY, THOMAS H. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 549 MCcKINLAY, JOHN RODMAN, THOMAS CLIFFORD MCKINLOCK, GEORGE A. ROSENWALD, JULIUS McLAUGHLIN, FREDERIC ROSENWALD, LESSING J. (N. R.) MCLAUGHLIN, GEORGE D. ROSENWALD, WILLIAM MCLENNAN, D. R. RUNNELLS, CLIVE McLENNAN, HuGH RUNNELLS, JOHN S. McNuLtty, T. J. RUSSELL, EDMUND A. MEYNE, GERHARDT F. RUSSELL, EDWARD P. MINER, W. H. RYERSON, MRs. CARRIE H. MITCHELL, WILLIAM H. RYERSON, EDWARD L., JR. Moore, EDWARD S. RYERSON, MARTIN A. MORSE, CHARLES H., JR. MORTON, JOY SARGENT, FRED WESLEY MorToN, MARK SCHWEPPE, CHARLES H. MUNROE, CHARLES A. Scott, FRANK HAMLINE SCOTT, GEORGE E. NEWELL, A. B. Scott, HAROLD N. NIKOLAS, G. J. _ Scott, JOHN W. NOEL, JOSEPH R. See JOHN bs HIRK, JOSEPH H. OAKLEY, HORACE S. SIMPSON, JAMES O’BRIEN, JOHN J. . SIMPSON, WILLIAM B. ORMSBY, DR. OLIVER S. SMITH, ALEXANDER ORR, ROBERT M. SMITH, SOLOMON A. SOPER, JAMES P. PAESCH, CHARLES A. SPALDING, KEITH PALMER, HONORE SPAULDING, Mrs. HOWARD H., JR. PALMER, POTTER SPRAGUE, ALBERT A. PATTEN, HENRY J. STERN, Mrs. ALFRED K. PATTEN, Mrs. JAMES A. — STERN, MRS. EDGAR B. (N. R.) PATTERSON, JOSEPH M. STEVENS, CHARLES A. PAYNE, JOHN BARTON STEWART, ROBERT W. PAYSON, GEORGE S. STIRTON, ROBERT C. PEABODY, AUGUSTUS S. STOREY, W. B. PERKINS, HERBERT F. Stout, FRANK D. Pick, ALBERT STUART, JOHN PIERCE, CHARLES I. . STUART, R. DOUGLAS PIEZ, CHARLES STRAWN, SILAS H. PIKE, CHARLES B. STUDEBAKER, CLEMENT, JR. PIKE, EUGENE R. STURGES, GEORGE POPPENHUSEN, CONRAD H. SULLIVAN, MRS. ROGER C. PORTER, FRANK W. SUNNY, B. E. PORTER, GILBERT E. SwIFrt, CHARLES H. PorRTER, H. H. SWIFT, EDWARD F. SwIFT, G. F., JR. RAWSON, FREDERICK H. Swirt, HAROLD H. RAYMOND, Mrs. JAMES NELSON Swirt, Louis F. REA, Mrs. ROBERT L. REVELL, ALEXANDER H. THORNE, CHARLES H. REYNOLDS, ARTHUR THORNE, ROBERT J. REYNOLDS, EARLE H. TRAYLOR, MELVIN A. REYNOLDS, GEORGE M. TREE, RONALD L. F. RILEY, HARRISON B. TYSON, RUSSELL ROBINSON, THEODORE W. ROBSON, Miss ALICE UIHLEIN, EDGAR J. - RopMAN, Mrs. KATHERINE FIELD UNDERWOOD, MORGAN P. VALENTINE, Louis L. VEATCH, GEORGE L. VERNAY, ARTHUR S&S. (N. R.) VILES, LAWRENCE M. WACKER, CHARLES H. WANNER, HARRY C. WARNER, EZRA JOSEPH WEBER, DAVID WELLING, JOHN P. WETMORE, FRANK O. WHEELER, CHARLES P. WHITE, F. EDSON WHITNEY, MRs. JULIA L. BLACKSTONE, MRs. T. B. BLAIR, WATSON F. BRADLEY, J. DORR BUTLER, EDWARD B. DAVIES, D. C. HARVEY, FORD F. (N. R.) 550 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HisToRY—REPORTS, VOL. VII WICKWIRE, Mrs. EDWARD L. WIEBOLDT, WILLIAM A. WILLARD, ALONZA J. WILLITS, WARD W. WILSON, JOHN P., JR. WILSON, OLIVER T. WILSON, THOMAS E. WILSON, WALTER H. WINSTON, GARRARD B. WINTER, WALLACE C. WOOLLEY, CLARENCE M. WRIGLEY, WILLIAM, JR. YATES, DAVID M. DECEASED, 1928 HEYWORTH, JAMES O. HUGHITT, MARVIN KITTLE, C. M. MANIERRE, MRS. GEORGE RYERSON, EDWARD L. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $100 to the Museum AARON, CHARLES ABBOTT, DONALD P., JR. ABBOTT, GORDON C. ABBOTT, W. R. ABBOTT, WILLIAM L. ABRAMS, PROFESSOR DuFF A. ACKERMAN, CHARLES N. ACOMB, JESSE P. ADAMICK, GUSTAV H. ADAMS, BENJAMIN STEARNS ADAMS, JOSEPH ADAMS, MRs. S. H. ADAMS, WILLIAM C. Apcock, MRs. BESSIE ADDLEMAN, SAMUEL W. ADLER, DAVID ADLER, MAX ADLER, Mrs. MAx AHLSCHLAGER, WALTER W. ALBEE, Mrs. HARRY W. ALLBRIGHT, WILLIAM B. ALLEN, MRS. FRED G. ALLING, Mrs. C. A. ALLING, CHARLES ALSBERG, LEWIS ALSCHULER, ALFRED S. . ALSIP, CHARLES H. ALTER, HARRY ANDERSON, ARTHUR ANDREWS, ALFRED B. ANNAN, MRS. MIRIAM ORMSBY ARMBRUST, JOHN T. ARMBRUSTER, C. A. ARMOUR, PHILIP D. ARMSTRONG, ARTHUR W. ARMSTRONG, Mrs. FRANK H. ARNOLD, WILLIAM G. ASCHER, FRED ASHBY, W. B. ASHENHURST, HAROLD S. ASHER, LOUIS E. ATWATER, WALTER HULL AURELIUS, Mrs. Marcus A. AUSTIN, HENRY W. AUSTIN, DR. MARGARET HOWARD AUSTRIAN, ALFRED S. BAACKES, MRS. FRANK BABSON, FRED K. JAN. 1929 BABSON, HENRY B. Bacu, JULIUS H. BAER, MERVIN K. BAER, WALTER S. BAGGALEY, WILLIAM BLAIR BAGGE, CHRISTIAN U. BAIRD, Harry K. BAKER, Mrs. ALFRED L. BAKER, FRANK H. BAKER, L. K. BALDWIN, VINCENT CURTIS BALGEMANN, OTTO W. - BALKIN, LOUIS BALL, DR. FRED E. BALL, SIDNEY Y. BALLARD, THOMAS L. BALLENBERG, ADOLPH G. BARBOUR, HARRY A. BARBOUR, JAMES J. BARLEY, MISS MATILDA A. BARNES, CECIL BARNES, JAMES M. BARNETT, OTTO R. BARNHART, Mrs. A. M. BARNHART, MRS. CLARE 8S. BARNHART, Miss GRACIA M. F. BARTELME, JOHN H. BARTHOLOMAER, Mrs. EMMA BARTHOLOMAY, HENRY BARTHOLOMAY, MRS. WILLIAM, JR. BARTLETT, MISS FLORENCE D. BARTLETT, FREDERIC C. Bass, JOHN F. Bass, Mrs. PERKINS BASTIAN, CHARLES L. BATEMAN, FLOYD L. Bates, Mrs. A. M. BATTEY, P. L. BAUER, A. Baum, Mrs. JAMES BauM, MERVYN BAUMGARTEN, C. BAUSCH, WILLIAM C. BEACH, Miss Bgss K. BECK, HERBERT BECKER, BENJAMIN F. BECKER, BENJAMIN V. BECKER, FREDERICK G. BECKER, H. T. BECKER, LOUIS BEHR, Mrs. EDITH BEIDLER, FRANCIS, II BELL, LIONEL A. BELL, ROBERT W. BENDER, C. J. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 551 BENNER, HARRY BENSINGER, BENJAMIN E. BENSON, JOHN BENTLEY, ARTHUR BENTLEY, CYRUS BENTON, Miss MABEL M. BERMINGHAM, EDWARD J. BERNDT, DR. GEORGE W. BERRYMAN, JOHN B. BERSBACH, ELMER §S. BESLY, Mrs. C. H. BEVAN, Dr. ARTHUR DEAN BICHL, THOMAS A. BIDWELL, CHAS. W. BIGLER, MRS. ALBERT J. BILLOW, ELMER E. BILLOW, MISS VIRGINIA BIRD, GEORGE H BIRK, FRANK J. BIRKHOLZ, HANS E. BISHOP, HOWARD P. BisHop, Mrs. MARTHA V. BISTOR, JAMES E. BITTEL, MRS. FRANK J. BIXBY, EDWARD RANDALL BLACK, Dr. ARTHUR D. BLACKMAN, NATHAN L. BLAIR, EDWARD T. BLAKE, TIFFANY BLATCHFORD, CARTER BLATCHFORD, N. H., SR., BLAYNEY, THOMAS C. BLESSING, DR. ROBERT BLETSCH, WILLIAM E. BLISH, SYLVESTER Buiss, Miss AMELIA M. BLockK, EMANUEL J. BLOME, RUDOLPH S. BLUFORD, Mrs. DAviD BuLuM, DAVID BuLuM, HARRY H. BLUNT, J. E., JR. BoAL, AYRES BODMAN, MRs. LUTHER BOERICKE, MRS. ANNA BouNn, Mrs. BERTHA BOWLBY BOLTER, JOSEPH C. BonpDy, BERTHOLD BOOMER, DR. PAUL BoorRN, WILLIAM C. Bootu, ALFRED BootH, GEORGE E. BORLAND, Mrs. BRUCE Born, MOSES BoscH, CHARLES 552 Boscu, Mrs. HENRY BotH, WILLIAM C. Botts, GRAEME G. BOURNE, RALPH H. Bousa, Dr. B. Bowen, Mrs. LouIsE DE KOVEN Bowey, MRS. CHARLES F. Boyack, HARRY Boyp, THOMAS M. BoyYDEN, Miss ELLEN WEBB BoyYDEN, Miss ROSALIE S. BoOYDEN, MRS. WILLIAM C., JR. BOYNTON, MRs. C. T. BoYNTON, F. P. BRADLEY, Mrs. A. BALLARD BRADLEY, MRS. NATALIE BLAIR HIGINBOTHAM BRAMBLE, DELHI G. C. BRAND, Mrs. EDWIN L., JR. BRAND, Mrs. RUDOLPH BRANDES, A. G. BRANDT, CHARLES H. BRANSFIELD, JOHN J. BRASSERT, HERMAN A. BRAUER, Mrs. PAUL BRAUN, Mrs. MARTHA E. BRECKINRIDGE, PROFESSOR S. P. BREMNER, MRS. DAVID F. BRENDECKE, MISS JUNE BRENNAN, BERNARD G. BREWER, Mrs. ANGELINE L. BRIDGE, GEORGE S. Briees, Mrs. GERTRUDE BRIGHAM, Miss F. M. BROcK, A. J. BRODRIBB, LAWRENCE C. BROOME, THORNHILL BROWN, A. W. BROWN, BENJAMIN R. BROWN, CHARLES A. BROWN, CHRISTY BROWN, DR. EDWARD M. BROWN, GEORGE D. BROWN, MRS. GEORGE DEWES BROWN, JOHN T. BROWNE, ALDIS J. BRUCKNER, WILLIAM T. BRUGMAN, JOHN J. BRUNDAGE, AVERY BRUNSWICK, LARRY BRYANT, JOHN J., JR. Buck, Guy R. Buck, NELSON LEROY BUDLONG, JOSEPH J. BUEHLER, CARL FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL, VII BUEHLER, H. L. BUETTNER, WALTER J. BUFFINGTON, Mrs. M. A. BUHMANN, GILBERT G. BULLOCK, CARL C. BURGESS, CHARLES F. BURKHOLDER, Dr. J. F. BURNHAM, Mrs. E. BuRNS, Mrs. RANDALL W. Burry, Mrs. WILLIAM BusBy, LEONARD A. BusuH, Davi D. BusH, MRS. WILLIAM H. BuTLER, MRS. HERMON B. BUTLER, PAUL BUTLER, RuSH C. Butz, HERBERT R. ButTZ, ROBERT O. Butz, THEODORE C. Butzow, Mrs. ROBERT C. BUZZELL, EDGAR A. BYFIELD, Dr. ALBERT H. CABLE, J. E. CAHN, Dr. ALVIN R. CAHN, MorTON D. CALDWELL, C. D. CALDWELL, J. T. CAMERON, DR. DAN U. CAMERON, JOHN M. CAMERON, WILL J. CAMP, Mrs. ARTHUR ROYCE CAMPBELL, DELWIN M. CAMPBELL, HERBERT J. CAPES, LAWRENCE R. CAPPS, DR. JOSEPH A. CARON, O. J. CARPENTER, MRS. Bayan CARPENTER, FREDERIC IVES CARPENTER, MRS. GEORGE A. CARPENTER, GEORGE S. CARPENTER, HUBBARD CARPENTER, MISS ROSALIE S. CARQUEVILLE, Mrs. A. R. CARR, MRS. CLYDE M. CARR, GEORGE R. CARR, WALTER S. CARROLL, JOHN A. CARRY, J. C. CARTON, ALFRED T. CARY, DR. EUGENE CASE, ELMER G. CASEY, Mrs. JAMES J. CASSELS, EDWIN H. CASTLE, ALFRED C. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 553 CATES, DUDLEY COUNSELMAN, MRS. JENNIE E. CESSNA, DR. CHARLES E. COWDERY, EDWARD G. CHAPIN, HENRY K. Cox, Mrs. HowarD M. CHAPIN, HOMER C. Cox, JAMES A. CHAPPELL, MRS. CHARLES H. Cox, JAMES C. CHASE, FRANK D. Cox, Mrs. RENSSELAER W. CHATFIELD-TAYLOR, WAYNE CRAGG, GEORGE L. CHEEVER, MRS. ARLINE V. CRANE, CHARLES R. CHENEY, Dr. HENRY W. CROMER, CLARENCE E. CHISHOLM, GEORGE D. CROMWELL, GEORGE O. CHISLETT, Dr. H. R.. CROMWELL, Miss JULIETTE CLARA CHRITTON, GEORGE A. CUBBINS, DR. WILLIAM R. CHURAN, CHARLES A. CUDAHY, EDWARD I. CLARK, AINSWORTH W. CULBERTSON, DR. CAREY CLARK, Miss ALICE KEEP CUNNINGHAM, Mrs. Howarp J. CLARK, CHARLES V. CUNNINGHAM, JOHN T. CLARK, Miss DorRoTHy S. CURRAN, HARRY R. CLARK, EDWIN H. Curtis, AuGuSsTus D. CLARK, DR. PETER S. CURTIS, JOHN F. L. CLARKE, CHARLES F. CUSACK, HAROLD CLARKE, FRED L. CUSHING, JOHN F. CLEARY, JOHN J., JR. CUSHMAN, A. W. CLEVELAND, PAUL W. CUTLER, HENRY E. CLOUGH, WILLIAM H. CUTTING, CHARLES 8S. CLOW, WILLIAM E., JR. CoBuRN, Mrs. LEwIs L. COHEN, GEORGE B. CoHEN, Mrs. L. LEWIS COLBURN, FREDERICK S. _ CoLBy, Mrs. GEORGE E. COLEMAN, ADELBERT E. COLEMAN, DR. GEORGE H. Davey, Mrs. BRUCE C. COLEMAN, LORING W., JR. D AVIS, ABEL COLEMAN, WM. OGDEN Dane (ele COLIANNI, PAUL V. yea DAVIS, DR. CARL COLLINS, WILLIAM M. Die anew © COLLIS, HARRY J. ; : DAVIS, FRED M. COLVIN, Mrs. W. H., Sr. Toye Acne CoMBES, Mrs. DorRA F ava? , i i DAVIS, JAMES C. COMPTON, FRANK E. é DAVIS, DR. NATHAN S., IIT CONDON, MRS. JAMES G. Dawes, E. L. CoNNOR, F. H. Cook, Miss ALIcE B. PSN Day, Mrs. Mark L. COOKE, GEORGE ANDERSON DEAGAN, JouN C., SR. CooKE, LESLIE L. DEAHL, URIAH S. CooLmwecgE, E. C. DECKER, CHARLES O. CooMBS, JAMES F., ’ DECostTa, LEWIS M. CoonLey, J. S. DEE, THOMAS J. DAHLBERG, MRs. B. G. DAILY, RICHARD DAKIN, DR. FRANK C. D’ ANCONA, EDWARD N. DANFORTH, DR. WILLIAM C. DASHIELL, C. R. COONLEY, JOHN STUART, JR. DEERY, THomAs A., JR. COONLEY, PRENTIsS L. DEGOLYER, RoBERT S. COOPER, SAMUEL DEKovVEN, Mrs. JOHN CORBETT, Mrs. WILLIAM J. DELANG, THEODORE O. COREY, CHESTER DELEE, DR. JOSEPH B. CORMACK, CHARLES V. DEMING, EVERETT G. CORNELL, JOHN E. DEMPSTER, MRS. C. W. 554 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII DENMAN, MRs. Burt J. DENEEN, MRs. CHARLES S. DENNEHY, T. C. DENNIS, CHARLES H. DENT, GEORGE C. DEUTSCH, JOSEPH DeEuTSCcH, Mrs. Percy L. DEUTSCH, SAMUEL DEVRIES, DAVID DEVRIES, PETER DEWES, EDWIN P. DEWES, RUDOLPH PETER DEWEY, ALBERT B., SR. DEWEY, Mrs. ALBERT B. Dick, ALBERT B., JR. Dick, Mrs. HomMer T. DICKEY, Roy DICKINSON, F. R. DILLON, HESTER MAy DIXON, ALAN C. DIXON, HOMER L. DIXON, WILLIAM WARREN DOBSON, GEORGE Doctor, ISIDOR DOERING, OTTO C. DOERR, WILLIAM P., SR. DoETScH, Miss ANNA DOLE, ARTHUR, SR. DONAHUE, WILLIAM J. DONLON, Mrs. S. E. DONNELLEY, MISS ELEANOR DONNELLEY, Miss NAOMI DONNELLEY, MRS. R. R. DONNELLY, FRANK DONOHUE, EDGAR T. Doup, Mrs. LEvi B. DRUMMOND, JAMES J. DUDLEY, LAURENCE H. DULANY, GEORGE W., JR. DULSKY, MRS. SAMUEL DUNHAM, JOHN H. DuNHAM, Miss Lucy BELLE DuPpEE, Mrs. F. KENNETT DURAND, SCOTT S. DURBIN, FLETCHER M. Dux, JOSEPH G. EASTERBERG, C. J. EASTMAN, Mrs. GEORGE H. EASTMAN, R. M. EBELING, FREDERIC O. ECKHART, PERCY B. ECKSTEIN, H. G. ECKSTEIN, LOUIS Eppy, Mrs. ARTHUR J. EpDpY, GEORGE A. EppY, THOMAS H. EDWARDS, Miss EDITH E. EGAN, W. B. EHRMAN, EDWIN H. EIGER, OSCAR S. EISELEN, FREDERICK CARL EISENDRATH, EDWIN W. EISENDRATH, ROBERT M. EISENDRATH, MRS. WILLIAM N. ELcocK, EDWARD G. ELENBOGEN, HERMAN ELLBOGEN, ALBERT L. ELLIOTT, DR. CHARLES A. ELLIOTT, FRANK R. ELLIS, HOWARD ELLSWORTH, Mrs. E. O. ELTING, PHILIP L. F. Ey, Mrs. C. MORSE ENGWALL, JOHN F. EPSTEIN, MAx ERICSON, MELVIN B. ERICSSON, CLARENCE ERICSSON, H. ERICSSON, WALTER H. ERNST, Mrs. LEO ERSKINE, ALBERT DE WOLF ETTEN, HENRY C. EUSTICE, ALFRED L. EVANS, Mrs. DAVID EVANS, DAVID J. EVANS, Hon. EVAN A. EVANS, Mrs. ALBERT THOMAS EWELL, C. D. FABIAN, FRANCIS G. FABRY, HERMAN FacktT, Mrs. GEORGE P. FADER, A. L. FAGET, JAMES E. FAHERTY, ROGER FAHRENWALD, FRANK A. FAHRNEY, EZRA C. FAHRNEY, E. H. FAITHORN, WALTER E. FARNHAM, Mrs. HARRY J. FarR, NEWTON CAMP FARRELL, Mrs. B. J. FARRELL, REV. THOMAS F. FAULKNER, CHARLES J., JR. FAULKNER, MISS ELIZABETH FAUROT, HENRY, SR. FAUROT, HENRY, JR. Fay, Miss AGNES M. JAN. 1929 FEcKE, MRS. FRANK J. FEIWELL, Morris E. FELIX, BENJAMIN B. FELLOWS, W. K. FELTON, S. M. FENTRESS, CALVIN FERGUSON, CHARLES W. FERNALD, CHARLES FERNALD, ROBERT W. FETZER, WADE FILEK, AUGUST FINN, JOSEPH M. FISCHEL, FREDERIC A. FISH, ISAAC FISHBEIN, DR. MORRIS FISHER, Mrs. EDWARD METCALF FLAVIN, EDWIN F., SR. FLEXNER, WASHINGTON FLORIAN, Mrs. PAu A., JR. FLORSHEIM, IRVING S. FLORSHEIM, MILTON S. FLOSDORF, MRS. G. E. FoLeyY, REV. WILLIAM M. FoLsom, Mrs. RIcHARD S. FooTE, PETER FOREMAN, EDWIN G., JR. FOREMAN, HAROLD E. FOREMAN, HENRY G. FOREMAN, OSCAR G. FORESMAN, Mrs. W. COATES FORGAN, ROBERT D. FORMAN, CHARLES FORSTALL, JAMES J. FOSTER, STEPHEN A. FOSTER, VOLNEY Foster, Mrs. WILLIAM C. Fox, CHARLES E. FRANK, DR. IRA FRANKENSTEIN, W. B. FREEDMAN, Dr. I. VAL FREEMAN, CHARLES Y. FREER, ARCHIBALD E. FRENIER, A. B. FREUND, CHARLES E. FREUND, I. H. FREY, CHARLES DANIEL FRIDSTEIN, MEYER FRIEDLANDER, JACOB FRIEDMAN, OSCAR J. FRIESTEDT, ARTHUR A. FRISBIE, CHAUNCEY O. Frost, Mrs. CHARLES Fry, HENRY T. FULLER, Mrs. CHARLES FULLER, MRS. GREETA PATTERSON ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 555 FULLER, JUDSON M. FULLER, LEROY W. FuRRY, WILLIAM S. FURST, EDUARD A. GABRIEL, CHARLES GAERTNER, WILLIAM GALE, G. WHITTIER GALE, HENRY G. GALL, CHARLES H. GALL, HARRY T. GALLAGHER, VINCENT G. GALLUP, ROCKWELL GALVIN, WM. A. GANN, DAVID B. GARARD, Ewzy A. GARCIA, JOSE GARDEN, HuaH M. G. GARDNER, ADDISON L., SR. GARDNER, ADDISON L., JR. GARDNER, Mrs. JAMES P. GARDNER, ROBERT A. GARNER, HARRY J. GARY, FRED ELBERT GATELY, RALPH M. GATES, PHILETUS W. GATZERT, AUGUST GAWNE, MISS CLARA J. GAY, REv. A. ROYAL GAYLORD, DUANE W. GEHL, DR. WILLIAM H. GEORGE, FRED W. GERNGROSS, Mrs. LEO GERTS, WALTER S. GETZOFF, E. B. GIBBONS, JOHN W. GIBBS, DR. JOHN PHILLIP GIELOW, WALTER C. GILBERT, MIss CLARA C. GILCHRIST, Mrs. JOHN F. GILES, CARL C. GILLMAN, MorrIs GILLSON, Louis K. GINTHER, Miss MINNIE C. GIRARD, Mrs. ANNA GLASNER, RUDOLPH W. GLORE, CHARLES F. GOEDKE, CHAS. F. GOEHST, Mrs. JOHN HENRY GorEsS, Mrs. ARTHUR A. GOLDEN, Dr. Isaac J. K. GOLDENBERG, SIDNEY D. GOLDY, WALTER I. GOODEN, G. E. GOODKIND, DR. MAURICE L. GOODMAN, BENEDICT K. GOODMAN, Mrs. HERBERT E. GOODMAN, JEAN ELLEN GOODMAN, Mrs. KENNETH S. GOODMAN, MILTON F. GOODMAN, WILLIAM E. GOODROW, WILLIAM GOODSPEED, MRs. W. F. GOODWIN, HON. CLARENCE NORTON GORDON, Mrs. ROBERT D. GORHAM, SIDNEY SMITH GORMAN, GEORGE FE. GORRELL, Mrs. WARREN Goss, CHARLES OQ. GOTTFRIED, C. M. GOTTSCHALK, GUSTAV H. GRADLE, Dr. HARRY S. GRADY, DR. GROVER Q. GRAF, ROBERT J. GRAFF, OSCAR G. GRAHAM, DOUGLAS GRAMM, Mrs. HELEN GRANGER, ALFRED GRANT, JOHN G. GRAVES, HowARD B. GREEN, ZOLA C. GREENBERG, ANDREW H. GREENE, CARL D. GREENE, CHARLES F. GREENEBAUM, JAMES E. GREENEBAUM, M. E. GREENEBAUM, M. E., JR. GREENLEE, JAMES A. GREENSFELDER, DR. LouIS A. GREGORY, CLIFFORD V. GREGORY, STEPHEN &., JR. GREGORY, TAPPAN GREGSON, WILLIAM L. GREY, CHARLES F. GREY, DR. DOROTHY GREY, HOWARD G. GREY, WALTER CLARK GRIFFITH, ENOCH L. GRIFFITH, Mrs. WILLIAM GRIFFITHS, GEORGE W. GRIMM, WALTER H. GRISWOLD, HAROLD T. GRIZZARD, JAMES A. GRONKOWSKI, REV. C. I. Gross, Mrs. EMILY GROSSMAN, FRANK I. GROTOWSKI, Dr. LEON GRULEE, Lowry K. GUENZEL, LOUIS GULBRANSEN, AXEL G. 556 FIELD Museum oF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII GULICK, JOHN H. GUNDLACH, ERNEST T. GUNTHORP, WALTER J. GWINN, WILLIAM R. HAAS, MAURICE HaAs, Dr. RAOUL HADLEY, Mrs. EDWIN M. HAGEN, Mrs. DAISE HAGENS, DR. GARRETT J. HAGGARD, JOHN D. HAGNER, FRED L. HAIGHT, GEORGE I. Harr, T. R. HALDEMAN, WALTER S. HALE, Mrs. SAMUEL HALE, WILLIAM B. HALL, DAVID W. HALL, EDWARD B. HALL, Mrs. J. B. HALLMANN, AucGuSsT F. HALPERIN, AARON HAMILL, CHARLES H. HAMILL, Mrs. ERNEST A. HAMILL, ROBERT W. HAMLIN, PAUL D. HAMM, EDWARD F. HAMMITT, MISs FRANCES M. HANLEY, HENRY L. HANSEN, Mrs. CARL HANSEN, JACOB W. HARBISON, L. C. HARDIE, GEORGE F. HARDIN, JOHN H. HARDING, G. F. HARDING, RICHARD T. HARDINGE, FRANKLIN HARPER, ALFRED C. HARRIS, GORDON L. HARRIS, H. B. HARRIS, MisS MARTHA E. Hart, Mrs. HERBERT L. HART, WILLIAM N. HARTSHORN, KENNETH L., HARTWELL, FRED G. HARVEY, RICHARD M. HARWOOD, THOMAS W. HASKELL, Mrs. GEORGE E. HAUGAN, CHARLES M. HAVENS, SAMUEL M. HAYES, CHARLES M. Hayes, Miss Mary E. HEALY, Mrs. MARQUETTE A. HEANEY, DR. N. SPROAT HEATON, HERMAN C. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 557 HEBERLEIN, Miss AMANDA F. Hoover, F. E. Heck, JOHN HOOVER, FRANK K. HeGG, Miss ANNA Hoover, Mrs. FRED W. HEIMAN, MARCUS Hoover, H. EARL HEINE, Mrs. ALBERT HOOVER, Ray P. HEINEMAN, OSCAR HOPE, ALFRED §S. HEINZELMAN, KARL HOPKINS, FARLEY HELLER, ALBERT HOPKINS, JOHN L. HELLER, MRS. WALTER E. HORAN, DENNIS A. HELLMAN, GEORGE A. HORCHER, WILLIAM W. HELLYER, WALTER HORST, CurT A. HENLEY, EUGENE H. HORTON, GEORGE T. HENRY, OTTO é HORTON, HORACE B. HENSHAW, MRS. RAYMOND S. HOSBEIN, Louis H. HERRICK, MISS LOUISE HOSMER, PHILIP HERRICK, W. D. HOUGHTELING, MISS HARRIOT P. HERRON, JAMES C. HOWARD, HAROLD A. HERSHEY, J. CLARENCE HOWARD, WILLIS G. HERWIG, GEORGE Howe, CHARLES ARTHUR HERWIG, WILLIAM D., JR. HOWE, CLINTON W. Hess, Mrs. CHARLES WILBUR HOWE, WARREN D. HETTLER, HERMAN H. HOWE, WILLIAM G. HEUN, ARTHUR HOWELL, ALBERT S. HEVERLY, EARL L. HOWELL, WILLIAM HEYWORTH, Mrs. JAMES O. HOWES, FRANK W. HIBBARD, Mrs. ANGUS S. HowWSE, RICHARD HIBBARD, MRs. W. G. HOYNE, THOMAS TEMPLE HIGGINS, JOHN Hupson, Mrs. H. NEWTON HIGGINS, JOHN W. HUDSON, WALTER L. HIGINBOTHAM, HARLOW N. HUDSON, WILLIAM E. HIGLEY, Mrs. CHARLES W. Huey, Mrs. ARTHUR 8. HILDEBRAND, EUGENE, JR. HuFFr, THOMAS D. HILDEBRAND, GRANT M. HUGHES, JOHN E. HILL, WILLIAM E. HULBERT, Mrs. MILAN H. HILLBRECHT, HERBERT E. HULTGEN, Dr. JACOB F. HILLE, DR. HERMANN HUME, JOHN T. HINMAN, Mrs. ESTELLE S. HUNTER, SAMUEL M. HINRICHS, HENRY, JR. Hurp, N. L. HINSBERG, STANLEY K. HUSTON, WARD T. HINTON, E. W. HvuSzAGH, RALPH D. HIRD, FREDERICK H. HuszAGH, R. LERoy HiIrRscH, HENRY H. HUTCHINS, JAMES C. HIRSCH, JACOB H. HUTCHINSON, FOYE P. HISTED, J. ROLAND HUTCHINSON, SAMUEL S. HIXON, ROBERT HYNES, REv. J. A. HOELSCHER, HERMAN M. HOFFMANN, MIss CAROLINE IcKEs, RAYMOND DICKINSON Inc, ROBERT A. HOFFMAN, EDWARD HEMPSTEAD INLANDER, SAMUEL HoGAN, ROBERT E. IsHAM, Henry P. HOoIER, WILLIAM V. IvES, CLIFFORD E. HOLDEN, EDWARD A. HOLuis, HENRY L. JACKSON, ALLAN HouMges, Miss HARRIET F. JACKSON, W. J. HonsIK, Mrs. JAMES M. JACOBI, Miss EMILY JACOBS, HYMAN A. JACOBS, SIEGFRIED T. JAFFRAY, Mrs. DAVID S., JR. JAMES, EDWARD P. JAMES, WILLIAM R. JANUSCH, FRED W. JARRATT, MRS. WALTER J. JEFFERY, Mrs. THOMAS B. JENKINS, MRs. JOHN E. JENKS, R. WILLIAM SHIPPEN JENNINGS, ODE D. JERGER, WILBUR JOSEPH JETZINGER, DAVID JIRKA, DR. FRANK J. JIRKA, DR. ROBERT JOHNSEN, CHARLES JOHNSON, ALBERT M. JOHNSON, ALFRED JOHNSON, ALVIN O. JOHNSON, ARTHUR L. JOHNSON, JOSEPH F. JOHNSON, OLAF B. JOHNSON, PHILIP C. JOHNSON, ULYSSES G. JOHNSTON, ARTHUR C. JOHNSTON, EDWARD R. JOHNSTON, Mrs. HuBERT MCBEAN JOHNSTONE, GEORGE A. JOHNSTONE, Dr. Mary M.S. JONES, ALBERT G. JONES, FRED B. JONES, G. H. JONES, JAMES B. JONES, MELVIN JONES, WARREN G. JOSEPH, Louis L. Joy, Guy A. JOYCE, DAVID G. JOYCE, JOSEPH JUDAH, NOBLE BRANDON JUERGENS, H. PAUL JUERGENS, WM. F. JUNKUNC, STEPHEN KAHN, GUS KAHN, LOUIS KAINE, COLONEL JAMES B. KALACINSKI, Mrs. FELIX KANE, JEROME M. KAPLAN, NATHAN D. KARPEN, ADOLPH KASPAR, OTTO Katz, MRS. SIDNEY L. KAUFFMAN, Mrs. R. K. KAUFFMANN, ALFRED 558 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPorRTS, VOL. VII KAVANAGH, MAURICE F. KEEHN, GEORGE W. KEEHN, Mrs. THEODORE C. L. KEENE, MRS. JOSEPH KEENEY, A. F. KEHL, ROBERT JOSEPH KEITH, STANLEY KELLOGG, JOHN L. KELLOGG, Mrs. M. G. KELLY, JAMES J. Kemp, MRs. E. M. KEMPNER, HARRY B. KEMPNER, STAN KENDRICK, JOHN F. KENT, DR. O. B. KERN, TRUDE KESNER, JACOB L. KILBOURNE, L. B. KIMBARK, MRS. EUGENE UNDER- wooD KIMBARK, JOHN R. KING, LAWRENCE F. KINNEY, Mrs. MINNIE B. KINSEY, FRANK KINTZEL, RICHARD KIRCHER, REV. JULIUS KIRCHHEIMER, MAx KIRKLAND, MRS. WEYMOUTH KITTREDGE, R. J. KLEE, NATHAN KLEIN, HENRY A. KLEIN, Mrs. SAMUEL KLEUTGEN, DR. ARTHUR C. KLINE, SOL KLINETOP, Mrs. CHARLES W. KLINK, A. F. KNUTSON, G. H. KocuH, PAUL W. Kocus, Mrs. RoBERT T. KOHL, Mrs. CAROLINE L. KOHLER, ERIC L. KopF, WILLIAM P. KOSOBUD, WILLIAM F. KOTAL, JOHN A. KRABER, MRS. FREDERICKA KRAFT, C. H. KRAFT, JAMES L. KRAFT, NORMAN KRALOVEC, EMIL G. KRAMER, LEROY KRAUS, PETER J. KRAUSE, JOHN J. KRETSCHMER, DR. HERMAN L. KRETZINGER, GEORGE W., JR. KROEHL, HOWARD JAN. 1929 KROHMER, WILLIAM F. Krost, DR. GERARD N. KRUEGER, LEOPOLD A. KRUTCKOFF, CHARLES Kuu, Mrs. EpwIn J., JR. KUHN, FREDERICK KURTZON, MORRIS LACKOWSKI, FRANK E. LAFLIN, Mrs. Louis E. LAFLIN, Louis E., JR. LAGUSKE, Mrs. CHESTER LAMPERT, Mrs. LyDIA LANAHAN, Mrs. M. J. LANDRY, ALVAR A. LANE, F. HOWARD LANE, RAY E. LANE, WALLACE R. LANGLAND, JAMES LARIMER, HOWARD S. LARSON, Bror O. LASKER, ALBERT D. Lau, Max LAUREN, NEWTON B. LAURITZEN, C. M. LAUTMANN, HERBERT M. LAWSON, A. J. LAYLANDER, O. J. LEAHY, THOMAS F. LEARNED, EDWIN J. LEBENSOHN, DR. MAYER H. LEBOLT, JOHN MICHAEL LEDERER, DR. FRANCIS L. LEFENS, Miss KATHERINE J. LEFENS, WALTER C. LEGGE, ALEXANDER LEHMANN, Miss AuGuSTA E. LEICHENKO, PETER M. LEISTNER, OSCAR LELAND, Miss ALICE J. LEMoov, A. R. LENZ, J. Mayo LEONARD, ARTHUR G. LEONARD, ARTHUR T. LESLIE, JOHN H. LETTS, MRS. FRANK C. LEVAN, REv. THOMAS F. LEVERONE, Louis E. LEVINSON, Mrs. SALMON O. LEVITAN, BENJAMIN LEvy, ALEXANDER M. Levy, ARTHUR G. LEwIs, DAv1D R. LEwIs, Fay J. Lewy, Dr. ALFRED LIEBMAN, A. J. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR LILLIE, FRANK R. LINDENBERG, ALBERT LINDHEIMER, B. F. LINDHOLM, CHARLES V. LINGLE, BOWMAN C. LIPMAN, ROBERT R. Liss, SAMUEL LITTLER, HARRY E., JR. LIVINGSTON, JULIAN M. LIVINGSTON, Mrs. MILTON L. LLEWELLYN, PAUL LLEWELLYN, MRs. S. J. LLOYD, EDWARD W. LLOYD, WILLIAM Bross LOBDELL, Mrs. EDWIN L. LOEB, HAMILTON M. LOESCH, FRANK J. LOEWENBERG, I. S. LOEWENBERG, M. L. LOEWENSTEIN, SIDNEY LOEWENTHAL, RICHARD J. LOGAN, JOHN I. LonG, Mrs. JOSEPH B. LONG, WILLIAM E. LorD, ARTHUR R. LorD, Mrs. RUSSELL LOUCKS, CHARLES O. LOUDERBACK, WILLIAM J., JR. LOVE, CHASE W. LOVELL, WILLIAM H. LOVGREN, CARL LOWNIK, DR. FELIX J. LUCEY, PATRICK J. LUDINGTON, NELSON J. LUEDER, ARTHUR C. LUEHR, DR. EDWARD LUFKIN, WALLACE W. LURIE, H. J. LUTTER, HENRY J., SR. LYDON, Mrs. WILLIAM A. LYFORD, HARRY B. LYFORD, WILLIAM H. LYNNE, Mrs. ARCHIBALD LYON, CHARLES H. LYON, FRANK R. Lyon, Mrs. THOMAS R. Maass, J. EDWARD MAcCARDLE, H. B. MACKINSON, DR. JOHN C, MACLEISH, JOHN EK. MADLENER, Mrs. ALBERT F. MaGaNn, MIss JANE A. MAGEE, HENRY W. MAGILL, ROBERT M. MAGNus, ALBERT, JR. 5 9 MAGNus, AuGusT C. MAGWIRE, Mrs. Mary F. MAHER, Mrs. D. W. MAIN, WALTER D. MALONE, WILLIAM H. MANASTER, HARRY MANDEL, Mrs. AARON W. MANDEL, Mrs. BABETTE F. MANDEL, EDWIN F. MANDEL, Mrs. FREDERICK MANDL, SIDNEY MANIERRE, FRANCIS E. MANIERRE, LOUIS MANN, ALBERT C. MANN, JOHN P. MANSURE, EDMUND L. MARHOEFER, EDWARD H. MARINER, W. E. MARK, ANSON MarQulis, A. N. Mars, G. C. MARTIN, Mrs. FRANKLIN H. MARTIN, W. B. MARTIN, WELLS MARZOLA, Leo A. MASON, WILLARD J. MASSEE, B. A. MASSEY, PETER J. MATTHIESSEN, FRANK Matz, Mrs. RUDOLPH MAURAN, CHARLES S. MAXWELL, LLOYD R. MAYER, ISAAC H. McAULEY, JOHN E. McBIRNEY, Mrs. HuGH J. McBrRIDE, MRS. WALTER J. McCartuy, EDMOND J. McCARTHY, JOSEPH W. McCLELLAN, DR. JOHN oe McC.Lu_ERr, W. B. McCorp, DOWNER McCormick, Mrs. ALEXANDER A. McCormick, Mrs. CHAUNCEY McCormick, Mrs. CyYRws, JR. McCorMIcK, HOWARD, H. McCormick, L. HAMILTON McCormick, LEANDER J. McCormick, ROBERT H., JR. McCRACKEN, MIss WILLIETTA McDoucat, Mrs. JAMES B. McDouGA.L, Mrs. ROBERT McERLEAN, CHARLES V. McHucau, Mrs. GROVER McInTosH, ARTHUR T. McKay, JAMES M. 560 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII McKEEVER, BUEL McLaury, WALKER G. McLENNAN, Mrs. JoHn A. McMILLAN, COMMANDER JOHN McMILLAN, W. B. McNAmMaARA, LOUIS G. MCNULTY, JOSEPH D. MEDSKER, DR. ORA L. MELCHIONE, JOSEPH MERRILL, HENRY S. MERRILL, WILLIAM W. MERZ, EDWARD E. METZ, Dr. A. R. MEYER, Mrs. A. H. MEYER, ABRAHAM MEYER, ABRAHAM W. MEYER, ALBERT MEYER, CARL MEYER, E. F. MEYER, OSCAR MEYER, SAM R. MEYERCORD, G. R. Mipowicz, C. E. MILHENING, FRANK MILHENING, JOSEPH MILLARD, FRANK H. MILLER, CHARLES B. MILLER, Mrs. CLAYTON W. MILLER, Mrs. DARIUS MILLER, HYMAN MILLER, JOHN S. JR. MILLER, DR. JOSEPH L. MILLER, OSCAR C. MILLER, WALTER F. MILLS, ALLEN G. MILLS, JOHN, SR. MINER, DR. CARL MINER, H. J. MITCHELL, LEEDS MITCHELL, OLIVER Mock, Dr. HARRY EDGAR MODERWELL, C. M. . MOELLER, REV. HERMAN H. MoENG, Mrs. EDWARD D. MorFrFATtT, MRS. ELIZABETH M. MourR, ALBERT Mour, WM. J. Mo.LuLoy, DAVID J. MONHEIMER, HENRY I. MONROE, WILLIAM 8S. Moopy, Mrs. WILLIAM VAUGHN Moors, C. B. MoorE, PHILIP WYATT Moos, JOSEPH B. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 561 MorAN, MIss MARGARET NOONAN, EDWARD J. MORAND, SIMON J. NORCROSS, FREDERIC F. MoREY, CHARLES W. NoRRIS, Mrs. LESTER MorGAN, ALDEN K. NorTON, R. H. MorGAN, MRS. KENDRICK E. Novak, CHARLES J. MORRILL, NAHUM NoyYEs, ALLAN S. Morris, EDWARD H. Noyes, DAvip A. Morris, F. C. NusBAuUM, Mrs. CARL B. Morris, Mrs. SEYMOUR NYMAN, Dr. JOHN EGBERT MorrIson, Mrs. CHARLES E. MorRIson, Mrs. HARRY OBERFELDER, HERBERT M. MOoRRISON, JAMES C. OBERFELDER, WALTER S. MoRRISON, MATTHEW A. O’BRIEN, FRANK J. MORRISSON, JAMES W. O’ CALLAGHAN, EDWARD Morse, Mrs. MILTON ODELL, WILLIAM R. Morsg, ROBERT H. O’DONNELL, Miss ROSE MORTENSON, MRs. JACOB OFFIELD, JAMES R. MORTON, STERLING _ OGLESBEE, NATHAN H. MOSES, HOWARD _ O’ KEEFE, Mrs. DENNIS D. Moss, JEROME A. OtcotT, Mrs. HENRY G. Movuat, ANDREW OLDEFEST, EDWARD G. Mowry, Louis C. OLIVER, F. S. Mupce, Mrs. JOHN B. OLIVER, GENE G. MUEHLSTEIN, Mrs. CHARLES OLIVER, Mrs. PAUL MUELLER, A. M. OLSEN, GUSTAF MUELLER, J. HERBERT Omo, Don L. MUELLER, PAUL H. OPPENHEIMER, Mrs. Harry D. MULHOLAND, WILLIAM H. OPPENHEIMER, JULIUS Murpuy, ROBERT E. ORNDOFF, Dr. BENJAMIN H. MuRpPHY, WALTER P. O’RourRKE, ALBERT Orr, Mrs. ROBERT C. NASH, CHARLES J. ORTHAL, A. J. NASON, ALBERT J. ORTMAYER, DR. MARIE NAUGLE, Mrs. ARCHIBALD OSBORN, THEODORE L. NEELY, Miss CARRIE BLAIR OSTROM, CHARLES S. NEFF, NETTELTON eae aie ears AUGUSTUS NEHLS, ARTHUR L. TIS, . NELLEGAR, Mrs. Jay C. Otis, J. SANFORD NELSON, CHARLES G. Oris, JOSEPH E. NELSON, EpwArD A. OTIS, JOSEPH EDWARD, JR. NELSON, FRANK G. OTis, R. C. NELSON, NILS A. | OTIS, RAYMOND NELSON, N. J. Ot1s, STUART H. NELSON, Mrs. OLIVER R. OuskA, JOHN A. NELSON, VICTOR W. Nev, CLARENCE L. PAASCHE, JENS A. NEWHALL, R. FRANK PACE, J. MADISON NICHOLS, GEORGE P. PAEPCKE, MRS. ELIZABETH J. NICHOLS, Mrs. GEORGE R. PAEPCKE, WALTER P. NICHOLS, Mrs. GEORGE R., JR. Pace, Mrs. WILLIAM R. NIcHOLs, J. C. PAGE-Wo0oD, GERALD NICHOLS, S. F. PAM, MIss CARRIE NICHOLSON, THOMAS G. Pam, Hon. HuGo NOBLE, ORLANDO PARDRIDGE, ALBERT J. NOELLE, JOSEPH B. PARDRIDGE, Mrs. E. W. 562 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VoL. VII PARKER, FRANK B. PARKER, TROY L. PARKER, WOODRUFF J. PARKS, C. R. PASCHEN, Mrs. ANNETTE A. PASCHEN, Mrs. HENRY PATRICK, Miss CATHERINE PATRICK, DR. HuGH T. PAULING, EDWARD G. PEABODY, HOWARD B. PEABODY, STUYVESANT PEABODY, Miss SUSAN W. PEACOCK, ROBERT E. PEACOCK, WALTER C. PEARSE, LANGDON PEARSON, F. W. PEARSON, GEORGE ALBERT, JR. PELLEY, JOHN J. PELTIER, M. F. PENDELL, CHARLES W. PERKINS, A. T. PERKINS, Mrs. HERBERT F. PERRY, DR. ETHEL B. PERRY, I. NEWTON PETERKIN, DANIEL PETERS, HARRY A. PETERSEN, Dr. WILLIAM F. PETERSON, ALEXANDER B. PETERSON, JURGEN PETRU, E. J. PFLAUM, A. J. PFLOCK, DR. JOHN J. PHEMISTER, DR. D. B. PHILLIP, PETER PHILLIPS, MONTAGU AUSTIN, (N.R.) PICHER, Mrs. OLIVER S. Pick, ALBERT, JR. PICK, GEORGE PIERCE, PAUL PIOTROWSKI, NICHOLAS L. PIRIE, Mrs. JOHN T. PLATT, HENRY RUSSELL PoLk, Mrs. STELLA F. PoLLock, Dr. HARRY L. PoMEROY, MRS. FRANK W. POND, IRVING K. PooL, MARVIN B. PooLe, Mrs. FREDERICK ARTHUR PooLE, GEORGE A. Poor, FRED A. Poor, Mrs. FRED A. POPE, FRANK Poprr, HENRY, SR. PoPE, HERBERT POPPENHAGEN, HENRY PoRTER, MRS. FRANK S. PORTER, JAMES F. Post, GORDON W. Post, Mrs. PHILIP SIDNEY POTTENGER, WILLIAM A. POWELL, Mrs. AMBROSE V. POWELL, ISAAC N. PRAHL, FREDERICK A: PRIMLEY, WALTER S. PRINCE, LEONARD M. PRUSSING, MRS. GEORGE C. PusgEyY, Dr. WILLIAM ALLEN QUIGLEY, WILLIAM J. QUINLAN, CHARLES SHEPARD QUINLAN, DR. WILLIAM W. RADAU, HuGo RAFTREE, Miss JuLIA M. RANDALL, CHARLES P. RANDLE, HANSON F. RASCHKE, Dr. E. H. RASMUSSEN, GEORGE RAY, COLONEL HAL S. REACH, BENJAMIN READE, WILLIAM A. REDINGTON, F. B. REDINGTON, Mrs. W. H. REED, KERSEY COATES REED, Norris H. REED, Mrs. PHILIP L. REGENSTEINER, THEODORE REGNERY, WILLIAM H. REHM, FRANK A. REHM, WILLIAM H. REICH, Miss ANNIE REID, Mrs. BRYAN REITER, JOSEPH J. RENWICK, EDWARD A. Rew, Mrs. IRWIN REYNOLDS, Mrs. J. J. RIcE, ARTHUR L. RICE, GEORGE L. RICE, LAURENCE A. RICH, EDWARD P. RICHARDS, J. DEFOREST RICHTER, Mrs. ADELYN W. RICHTER, BRUNO RICKETTS, C. LINDSAY RIDDLE, HERBERT H. RIDGEWAY, E. RIDGWAY, WILLIAM RIEMENSCHNEIDER, Mrs. J. H. RIESER, Mrs. HERMAN 4 H JAN. 1929 RIEtTzZ, ELMER W. RIETZ, WALTER H. RIGNEY, WILLIAM T. RINALDO, PHILIP 8S. RIPLEY, ROBERT H. RIPSTRA, J. HENRI RISER, JOHN A. RITMAN, HYMAN B. RITTENHOUSE, CHAS. J. ROACH, CHARLES ROBERTS, CLARK T. - ROBERTS, JOHN M. ROBERTS, S. M. ROBERTS, WILLIAM MUNSELL ROBERTSON, WILLIAM ROBINSON, Mrs. MILTON E., SR. Rosson, Mrs. SARAH C. RocHeE, Miss EMILY ROCKWELL, HAROLD H. RODERICK, SOLOMON P. RopceErs, Dr. DAvID C. ROEHLING, C. E. ROEHLING, Mrs. OTTo G. ROEHM, GEORGE R. RoGERS, BERNARD F. RoGeErs, Dr. CAssius C. ROMER, MisS DAGMAR E. ROSENFIELD, Mrs. MAURICE ROSENTHAL, JAMES ROSENTHAL, LESSING Ross, Miss MILDRED B. Ross, ROBERT C. Ross, THOMPSON Ross, WALTER S. RotTH, AARON ROTHACKER, WATTERSON R. ROTHSCHILD, GEORGE W. ROTHSCHILD, MAURICE L. ROTHSCHILD, MELVILLE N. ROWE, EDGAR C. ROZELLE, Mrs. EMMA RUBEL, DR. MAURICE RUBENS, Mrs. CHARLES RUBOVITS, TOBY RUCKELHAUSEN, Mrs. HENRY RUECKHEIM, F. W. RUEL, JOHN G. RUSSELL, DR. J. W. RUTLEDGE, GEORGE E. RYERSON, JOSEPH T. SACKLEY, Mrs. JAMES A. SALISBURY, MRS. WARREN M. SALMON, Mrs. E. D. SAMMONS, WHEELER ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 563 SARDESON, ORVILLE A. SARGENT, JOHN R. W. SARGENT, RALPH SAUTER, FRED J. SAUTER, LEONARD J. SCHACHT, JOHN H. ScHAFFER, DR. DAVID N. SCHAFFNER, MRS. JOSEPH SCHAFFNER, ROBERT C. SCHERMERHORN, W. I. SCHLAKE, WILLIAM SCHMIDT, DR. CHARLES L. ScHMIDT, Mrs. MINNA SCHMITZ, DR. HENRY SCHMITZ, NICHOLAS J. ScHMUTZ, Mrs. ANNA SCHNERING, OTTO Y. ScHNuR, RutH A. SCHOELLKOPF, HENRY SCHROEDER, DR. GEORGE H. SCHUKRAFT, WILLIAM SCHULMAN, A. S. SCHULZE, WILLIAM SCHUYLER, MRS. DANIEL J., JR. SCHWARTZ, CHARLES K. SCHWARTZ, CHARLES P. SCHWARZ, HERBERT SCHWARZHAUPT, EMIL Scott, FRANK H. Scott, RoBERT L. SCOVILLE, C. B. SEABURY, CHARLES W. SEAMAN, GEORGE M. SEAMES, MRS. CHARLES O. SEARS, J. ALDEN SEAVER, A. E. SEE, Dr. AGNES CHESTER SEEBURG, JUSTUS P. Sere, EMIL G. SEIPP, CLARENCE T. SEIPP, EDWIN A. SEIPP, WILLIAM C. SELLO, GEORGE W. SENCENBAUGH, Mrs. G. W. SENG, FRANK J. SENG, J. T. SHAFFER, CARROLL SHAFFER, CHARLES B. SHAMBAUGH, DR. GEORGE E. SHANNON, ANGUS R. SHAPIRO, MEYER SHARP, WILLIAM N. SHARPE, N. M. SHAW, ALFRED P. SHaw, Mrs. HOWARD 564 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII SHAW, THEODORE A. SHEEHY, EDWARD SHELTON, DR. W. EUGENE SHEPHERD, MRs. EDITH P. SHERIDAN, ALBERT D. SHIELDS, JAMES CULVER SHILLESTAD, JOHN N. SHIRE, MossEs E. SHOCKEY, MRS. WILLIS G. SHoup, A. D. SHUMWAY, MRS. EDWARD DE WITT SHUMWAY, P. R. SHUTZ, ALBERT E. SIGMAN, LEON SILANDER, A. I. SILBERMAN, CHARLES SILBERMAN, DAVID B. SILBERMAN, HUBERT S. SILVERTHORNE, GEO. M. SIMONDS, J. P. SIMONDS, O. C. SIMONEK, DR. B. K. SINCERE, BENJAMIN SINCLAIR, DR. J. FRANK SINGER, Mrs. MORTIMER H. SMITH, Mrs. FRANK S. SMITH, FRANKLIN P. SMITH, HAROLD BYRON SMITH, JENS SMITH, JESSE E. SMITH, Mrs. KATHERINE WALKER SMITH, SAMUEL K. SMITH, SIDNEY SmitH, Mrs. THEODORE WHITE SMITH, WALTER BYRON SMITH, MRS. WILLIAM A. SMITH, Z. EROL SMULLAN, ALEXANDER Snow, EpGAR M. SOCRATES, NICHOLAS SoLEM, DR. GEORGE O. SOMERVILLE, ROBERT SOMMER, ADAM SONNENSCHEIN, EDWARD SONNENSCHEIN, HuGo SONNENSCHEIN, DR. ROBERT SoPER, HENRY M. SORAVIA, JOSEPH SORENSEN, JAMES SPINDLER, OSCAR SPITZ, JOEL Spoor, Mrs. JOHN A. SPRINGER, MRS. SAMUEL SQUIRES, JOHN G. STANTON, EDGAR STEFFENS, RALPH SUTHERLAND STEFFEY, DAVID R. STEIN, BENJAMIN F. STEIN, DR. IRVING STEIN, L. MONTEFIORE STEIN, SAMUEL M. STEIN, MRS. SETIA H. STEIN, WILLIAM D. STEPHENS, W. C. STERBA, DR. JOSEPH V. STERN, ALFRED WHITAL STERN, DAVID B. STERN, MAURICE S. STERN, OSCAR D. STEVENS, DELMAR A. STEVENS, EDWARD J. STEVENS, ELMER T. STEVENS, EUGENE M. STEVENS, HAROLD L. STEVENS, JAMES W. STEVENS, MRS. JAMES W. STEVENS, R. G. STEVENS, RAYMOND W. STEVENSON, Dr. ALEXANDER F. STEVENSON, E. STEWART, Miss AGNES N. STEWART, Miss EGLANTINE DAISY STEWART, JAMES S. STEWART, Miss M. GRAEME STRANDBERG, ERIK P., SR. STIRLING, Miss DOROTHY STRAUS, DAVID STRAUS, MARTIN L. STRAUS, MELVIN L. STRAUS, S. J. T. STRAUSS, HENRY X. STREET, Mrs. CHARLES A. STROBEL CHARLES L. STROMBERG, CHARLES J. StRuBY, MRS. WALTER V. STRONG, EDMUND H. STRONG, WALTER A. StrRoTzZ, HAROLD C. STURGES, HOLLISTER STURGES, SOLOMON STURTEVANT, HENRY D. SUEKOFF, LouIs A. SULLIVAN, Hon. JOHN J. SULZBERGER, FRANK L. SUTCLIFFE, MRS. GARY SUTHERLAND, WILLIAM SWAN, OSCAR H. SWANSON, JOSEPH E. SWARTCHILD, EDWARD G. SWARTCHILD, WILLIAM G. JAN. 1929 SWIFT, ALDEN B. SwIiFt, EDWARD F., JR. SYKES, Mrs. WILFRED TAFT, JOHN H. TARRANT, ROBERT TAYLOR, GEORGE HALLECK TAYLOR, J. H. TEMPLETON, STUART J. TEMPLETON, WALTER L. TENNEY, HORACE KENT - TeRRY, Foss BELL TETER, LUCIUS THEOBOLD, DR. JOHN J. THOMAS, EDWARD H. THOMAS, EMMET A. THOMAS, FRANK W. THOMAS, DR. WILLIAM A.. THOMPSON, CHARLES F., THOMPSON, D. P. THOMPSON, EDWARD F. THOMPSON, JOHN R., JR. THOMPSON, Mrs. LEVERETT THOMPSON, THOMAS W. THORNE, HALLETT W. THORNE, JAMES W. THORNTON, CHARLES S. THORNTON, DR. FRANCIS E. THORP, HARRY W. THRESHER, C. J. THULIN, F. A. TILT, CHARLES A. TOBIAS, CLAYTON H. TOUCHSTONE, JOHN HENRY TOWLE, LEROY C. TOWLER, KENNETH F. TOWNE, Mrs. ARTHUR F. TOWNE, MRs. JoHN D. G. TRAINER, J. MILTON TRAYLOR, MRS. DorotuHy J. TREDWELL, JOHN TRENCH, MRS. DANIEL G. TRIPP, CHESTER D. TROMBLY, Dr. F. F. TRUDE, Mrs. MARK W. TURNER, ALFRED M. TURNER, MRS. CHARLTON A. TURNER, TRACY L. TUTTLE, HENRY EMERSON TYLER, ALBERT S. TYLER, ORSON K. UHLMANN, FRED UPHAM, MRS. FREDERIC ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR VALENTINE, JOSEPH L. VALENTINE, Mrs. May L. VALENTINE, PATRICK A. VANCLEEF, PAUL VANDEVENTER, CHRISTOPHER VANNESS, GARDINER B. VANSCHAICK, GERARD VANZWOLL, HENRY B. VEEDER, MRS. HENRY VEEDER, MISS JESSIE VEHON, MoRRIS VEHON, WILLIAM H. VIAL, CHARLES H. VICTOR, MRs. JESSIE K. VIERLING, LOUIS VOLICAS, Dr. JOHN N. VOORHEES, CONDIT VOPICKA, CHARLES J. WAGNER, FRITZ, JR. WAGNER, Dr. G. W. WAGNER, JOHN E. WAGNER, Mrs. Mary G. WALGREEN, Mrs. CHARLES R. WALKER, WILLIAM E. WALLACE, R. Y. WALLER, E. C. WALLER, H. P. WALLER, J. ALEXANDER WALLER, MRS. JAMES B. WALLER, JAMES B., JR. WALLERICH, GEORGE W. WALLOVICK, J. H. WANNER, Mrs. HENRY J. WARD, EDWARD J. E. WARD, Mrs. N. C. WARE, Mrs. LYMAN WARFIELD, EDWIN A. WARREN, J. LATHAM WARREN, PAUL C. WARREN, WALTER G. WARWICK, W. E. WASHBURNE, CLARKE WASSELL, JOSEPH WATERMAN, Dr. A. H. WATTS, HARRY C. WAUD, E. P. WAYMAN, CHARLES A. G. WEAN, FRANK L. WEAVER, CHARLES A. WEBB, GEORGE D. WEBER, BERNARD F. WEBER, FRANK C. WEBSTER, ARTHUR L. WEBSTER, Miss HELEN R. 565 566 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, Vou. VII WEDELSTAEDT, H. A. WEIL, ISADORE WEIL, MARTIN WEILER, RUDOLPH WEINZELBAUM, LOUIS L. WEISBROD, BENJAMIN H. WEISSENBACH, Mrs. MINNA K. WEISSKOPF, MAURICE J. WEISSKoPF, DR. MAX A. WELLS, ARTHUR H. WELLS, JOHN E. WELLS, PRESTON A. WELLS, THOMAS E. WELLS, Mrs. THOMAS E. WENDELL, BARRETT, JR. WENTWORTH, HUNT WENTWORTH, Mrs. MOSsEs J. WERNER, FRANK A. WEST, J. Roy West, Miss MARY SYLVIA WESTERFELD, SIMON WESTRICH, Miss T. C. WETTEN, ALBERT H. WETTLING, LouIS E. WHEALAN, EMMETT WHEELER, GEORGE A. WHEELER, LEO W. WHEELER, LESLIE WHEELER, Mrs. ROBERT C. WHINERY, CHARLES C. WHITE, HAROLD F. WHITE, JOSEPH J. WHITE, ROBERT WHITEHOUSE, HowARD D. WHITING, Mrs. ADELE H. WHITING, J. H. WHITLOCK, WILLIAM A. WIBORG, FRANK B. WIELAND, CHARLES J. WILDER, MRS. JOHN E. WILKINS, GEORGE LESTER WILKINSON, JOHN C. WILLEY, Mrs. CHARLES B. WILLIAMS, Miss ANNA P. WILLIAMS, DR. A. WILBERFORCE WILLIAMS, HARRY L. WILLIAMS, LUCIAN M. WILLIAMSON, GEORGE H. DECEASED, ANDRIN, Miss KATHERINE L. ARNOLD, WILLIAM G. BAIRD, WYLLYS W. Beck, Mrs. EDWARD ScoTT WILLIS, PAUL JR. WILLIS, THOMAS H. WILMS, HERMAN P. WILSON, Mrs. E. CRANE WILSON, HARRY BERTRAM WILSON, MRs. JOHN R. WILSON, Miss LILLIAN M. WILSON, Mrs. MARGARET H. WILSON, Mrs. ROBERT CONOVER WINANS, FRANK F. WINSTON, HAMPDEN WINSTON, JAMES H. WINTERBOTHAM, JOHN H. WINTERS, LEANDER LEROY WOJTALEWICZ, REV. FRANCIS M. WoLeEY, Dr. Harry P. WoLF, HENRY M. WOLF, WALTER B. Wo.rr, LOuIS Woop, JOHN G. Woop, RoBErtT E. Woop, WILLIAM G. WOODRUFF, GEORGE Woops, WEIGHTSTILL WoopDWARD, C. H. WORCESTER, Mrs. CHARLES H. WorRK, ROBERT WoRMSER, LEO F. WortH, Miss HELEN E. Wortuy, Mrs. S. W. WRENN, Mrs. EVERTS WRIGHT, WARREN WRIGLEY, Mrs. CHARLES W. WRIGLEY, PHILIP K. YEGGE, C. FRED YERKES, MRS. CHARLES E. YERKES, RICHARD W. YONDORF, MILTON S. ZAPEL, ELMER ZEISLER, MRS. ERWIN P. ZIEBARTH, CHARLES A. ZIMMER, MRS. RUDOLPH E. ZIMMERMAN, HERBERT P. ZIMMERMAN, LOUIS W. ZORK, DAVID ZULFER, P. M. 1928 BEIL, CARL BURLEY, CLARENCE A. CARR, EDMUND S. Copy, ARTHUR B. JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR DECEASED—1928 DUNHAM, MIss Mary V. FOLDS, CHARLES W. GATES, L. F. GOSHERT, J. FRED HANSON, JAMES L. LICHTSTERN, ADOLPH MACRAE, THADDEUS B. MAURITZON, H. A. SMULSKI, JOHN F. THORNE, GEORGE A. W OOLLEY, CHARLES F., JR. SUSTAINING MEMBERS Those who contribute $25 annually to the Museum ABBOTT, STANLEY N. ABRAHAMSON, HENRY M. ADAMS, Mrs. FRANCES SPROGLE ADGATE, FREDERICK W. ALDERMAN, JEROME C. ALDRICH, Mrs. GEORGE CAPRON ALLEN, Mrs. EMMA W. ALLING, Mrs. VAN WAGENEN ALMES, DR. HERMAN E. Ausip, Mrs. CHARLES H. ALTON, CAROL ‘W. AMIDON, ALFRED T. ANDERSON, O. HELGE ARMSTRONG, ALBERTUS S. ARMSTRONG, MRS. JULIAN ARTINGSTALL, SAMUEL G., JR. ATLASS, H. LESLIE BAILEY, Mrs. EDWARD W. BAKER, FRANCIS S. BARNES, Mrs. CHARLES OSBORNE BARNUM, HARRY H. BARRY, EDWARD C. BAUMRUCKER, CHARLES F. BAuTZ, ROBERT A. BEACH, E. CHANDLER BEATTY, LESTER A. BECKER, Mrs. A. G. BECKLENBERG, Mrs. FRED BENJAMIN, JACK A. BEREND, GEORGE F. BERNSTEIN, FRED BERTSCHINGER, DR. C. F. SEMEN «Es... BINGA, JESSE BLACKBURN, OLIVER A. BLAIR, CHAUNCEY B. BLAIR, SAMUEL BLAIR, WOLCOTT BLOMGREN, DR. WALTER L. BLUTHARDT, EDWIN BoDE, WILLIAM F. BOETTCHER, ARTHUR H. BOHASSECK, CHARLES BokuMm, NorRIS H. Bos.tey, M. E. Boynton, A. J. BRADFORD, RALPH B. BRENZA, Miss Mary Briaeas, J. H. BULLOCK, MRs. JAMES E. BURGSTRESER, NEWTON BURGWEGER, Mrs. META DEWES BURKE, WEBSTER H. BuURTCH, ALMON Buscu, ALBERT BuTLER, Dr. Craia D. BUTLER, JOHN CAHILL, JAMES B. CAHN, BETRAM J. CAIRNS, Miss ANN MAy CANBY, CALEB H., JR. CANNON, W. J. CARBERY, NORMAN A. CAREY, Mrs. WILLIAM P. CARNEY, WILLIAM Roy CARTER, DR. RANDALL A. Cary, Dr. FRANK CASSELBERRY, MRS. WILLIAM E. CHADWICK, CHARLES H. CHALLENGER, Mrs. AGNES CHANDLER, HENRY P. CHAPMAN, ARTHUR E. CHAPMAN, Mrs. Doris L. CLINCH, DUNCAN L. 567 COHEN, BENJAMIN COHEN, LOUIS ComPpTON, D. M. CONNELL, PHILLIP G. CooKE, MIss FLORA COYLE, EDWIN L. CRAIGIE, A. M. CRATTY, MRS. JOSIAH CRILLY, EDGAR CRONWALL, EDWARD C. CROSBY, FRED M. CUNEO, JOHN F. CURTIS, AUSTIN GUTHRIE, JR. DALMAR, HUGO DANA, W. D. DANIELS, H. L. DANZ, CHARLES A. DAucHy, MRS. SAMUEL DAVID, DR. VERNON C. DAVIES, WARREN T. DEDARDEL, CARL O. DEGAN, DAVID DELEMON, H. R. DENKEWALTER, W. E. DESISLES, Mrs. CARRIE L. DEWINDT, HEYLIGER A. DICKINSON, AUGUSTUS E. DICKINSON, THEODORE DICKINSON, Mrs. W. WOODBRIDGE DoDGE, O. V. DOERING, WALTER C. DOUGLASS, KINGMAN DOUGLASS, WILLIAM A. DOWDLE, JOHN J. DUBOW, JACOB A. DUGAN, ALPHONSO G. DUNCAN, ALBERT G. DUNER, JOSEPH A. DUNHAM, ROBERT J. DUNN, SAMUEL O. DUNN, W. FRANK DYCHE, WILLIAM A. EDMONDS, HARRY C. EDWARDS, KENNETH P. EISENSTAEDT, HARRY EISENSTEIN, SOL EITEL, MAX ELLINGSEN, E. ELTING, HOWARD FELSENTHAL, EDWARD GEORGE FELTMAN, CHARLES H. FERGUS, ROBERT C. FERGUSON, WILLIAM H. 568 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII FETCHER, EDWIN S. FINNERUD, DR. CLARK W. FISHER, GEORGE P. FISHER, HON. HARRY M. FISHER, WALTER L. FLATEAU, H. Pitts FLESCH, EUGENE W. P. FLETCHER, Mrs. R. V. FOLLANSBEE, MITCHELL D. FORGAN, Mrs. J. RUSSELL FORSYTH, Mrs. HOLMES FOSTER, MRS. CHARLES K. FRANK, JEROME N. FRENCH, DUDLEY K. GALLAGHER, Mrs. M. F. GARDNER, HENRY A. GARRAWAY, S. G. GEAR, H. B. GILCHRIST, MRS. WILLIAM A. GILMER, DR. THOMAS L. GLAESCHER, Mrs. G. W. GLASER, EDWARD L. GLENN, Mrs. J. M. GOLDSTINE, Dr. MARK T. GoopDE, Mrs. ROWLAND T. GOODWIN, GEORGE S. GORDON, LESLIE S. GRANT, JAMES D. GRAVER, JAMES P. GRAY, REV. JAMES M. GREEN, J. B. GREENEBAUM, Mrs. HENRY E. GREENLEE, MRS. WILLIAM BROOKS GROTENHUIS, Mrs. WILLIAM J. HAGEN, FRED J. HAJICEK, RUDOLPH F. HAMILTON, THOMAS B. HAMMOND, LUTHER S., JR. HAND, GEORGE W. HANSON, Mrs. BURTON HARDY, MISS MARJORIE HART, GILBERT HARTMANN, A. O. HATTSTAEDT, WILLIAM O. J. HAuGAN, O. H. HEDBERG, HENRY E. HEIDKE, HERMAN L. HEINEMANN, EARL HELFRICH, J. HOWARD HENDERSON, DR. ELMER E. HENDERSON, THOMAS B. G. HENKEL, FREDERICK W. HENRY, HUNTINGTON B. JAN. 1929 HERRICK, CHARLES E. HEwI1TT, MRs. CHARLES M. HILL, Mrs. LYSANDER HILL, Mrs. RUSSELL D. HILL, SAMUEL B. Himrop, Mrs. FRANK W. HINES, J. W. HINTZ, JOHN C. HODGKINS, Mrs. W. L. HOGAN, FRANK HOHMAN, Dr. E. H. HOLMES, GEORGE J. ‘HoLMEsS, WILLIAM N. HORNER, DR. DAvipD A, HOTTINGER, ADOLPH HOWARD, P. S. HOYNE, FRANK C. Hoyt, Mrs. PHELPS B. HUBBARD, GEORGE W. HuGHES, JOHN W. HUNCKE, O. W. HUNTER, ROBERT H. INGEMAN, LYLE S. ISAACS, CHARLES W., JR. JACKSON, ARCHER L. JAFFE, DR. HERMAN JENKINS, DAVID F. D. JERREMS, Mrs. D. EDWIN JOHNSON, CHESTER H. JOHNSON, ISAAC HORTON JOHNSTONE, DR. A. RALPH KARPEN, MICHAEL KAVANAGH, CLARENCE H. KELKER, RUDOLPH F., JR. KELLY, D. F. KENDALL, MRS. VIRGINIA H. KENNEDY, DAVID E. KLEINPELL, DR. HENRY H. KLENK, PAUL T. Kocu, Louis G. Kocus, AUGUST KOHLSAAT, EDWARD C. Komiss, DAVID S. Kopp, GUSTAVE KORTZEBORN, JACOB E. KRAUS, SAMUEL KUEHLHORN, ARNOLD A. LACHANCE, Mrs. LEANDER H. LANG, EDWARD J. LANGSTON, TONY LATHROP, GARDINER ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR LAWRENCE, W. J. LEE, Mrs. JOHN H. S. LEIGHT, ALBERT E. LINDQUIST, J. E. LINTON, BENJAMIN B. LLEWELLYN, Mrs. JOHN T. LOCKWOOD, W. 5S. LOEB, Mrs. A. H. Logs, LEo A. LOEWENTHAL, Mrs. JULIUS W. LORD, HARRY J. LOUER, ALBERT 8. LUDWIG, J. LEO LYNCH, WILLIAM JOSEPH MAcLEISH, Mrs. ANDREW MapDpDocK, THOMAS E. MALLINSON, EDWIN MANLEY, JOHN A. Marcus, MAURICE S. Marcy, GEORGE E. MARKMAN, S. K. MARRIOTT, ABRAHAM R. MARTIN, SAMUEL H. MAYER, OSCAR F., SR. McCaARTHY, JAMES I. McCoRMACK, PROFESSOR HARRY McCrea, MRS. W. 8. McIntosH, Mrs. WALTER G. McIver, DANA T. McMAKIN, EUGENE McMEnNEMY, L. T. McVoy, JOHN M. MEERHOFF, DR. CHARLES E. MELNICK, LEOPOLD B. MILES, Mrs. ETHEL EDMUNDS MILLER, MRS. OLIVE BEAUPRE MINOTTO, MRS. JAMES MITCHELL, GEORGE F. MITCHELL, JOHN J., MITCHELL, Mrs. JOHN J., Mour, EDWARD Moist, MRs. S. E. MONAGHAN, THOMAS H. Morss, MRS. CHARLES J. MULLIGAN, GEORGE F. MURPHY, JOHN P. V. NADLER, DR. WALTER H. NATHAN, CLAUDE NEBEL, HERMAN C. NEILSON, Mrs. FRANCIS NEUFFER, PAUL A. NEWHOUSE, KARL 569 NIEMANN, FRED W. Noyes, A. H. O’ConnorR, Mrs. JOHN R. O’LEARY, JOHN W. O’NEIL, JOHN P. OPPENHEIMER, ALFRED PACE, ANDERSON PACKER, CHARLES SWASEY PARKER, DR. GASTON C. PARKER, DR. RALPH W. PARMELEE, Dr. A. H. PARTRIDGE, LLOYD C. PAYNE, ARTHUR W. PECK, DR. DAVID B. PETERSON, ARTHUR J. PETERSON, AXEL A. PETERSON, Mrs. BERTHA I. PHELPS, MRs. W. lL. PIERCE, MRS. FRANK E. PIERCE, J. NORMAN PISZATOWSKI, EDWARD B. PITCHER, Mrs. HENRY L. PLUNKETT, WILLIAM H. POLE, JAMES S. Post, FREDERICK, JR. PREss, Mrs. JACOB H. PRITZKER, I. L. PROTHERO, DR. JAMES H. Psota, DR. FRANK J. PUCKEY, F. W. PURCELL, J. D: PURDY, SPARROW E. PutNAM, Miss MABEL C. RANDALL, IRVING RANDLE, MRS. CHARLES H. RANEY, Mrs. R. J. RATHJE, WILLIAM J. RAYNER, ARNOLD P. REA, DR. ALBERTINE L. REINHARDT, S. LOUIS, JR. RELLIHEN, EDWIN G. RENTNER, OTTO C. RIcH, ELMER RICHARDS, MARCUS D. RICHARDSON, GEORGE RICHARDSON, Guy A. RICKCORDS, FRANCIS RIES, Dr. EMIL RINDER, E. W. ROBBINS, HENRY S. ROBBINS, PERCY A. ROESSLER, CARL C. 570 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII ROSENTHAL, KURT ROTHSCHILD, JUSTIN ROUTH, GEORGE D., JR. RUTHERFORD, JOHN J. RYERSON, DONALD M. SAMPSELL, MARSHALL E. SARGENT, Mrs. GEORGE H. SAWYER, DR. ALVAH L. SCHEUNEMANN, ROBT. G. SCHIRESON, DR. HENRY J. SCHOLL, DR. WILLIAM M. SCHULZE, Mrs. MATHILDE SCHULZE, THEODORE G. SCRIBNER, GILBERT SEGGERMAN, Mrs. RICHARD SHATTUCK, WALTER F. SHAW, ANDREW H. SHELDON, JAMES M. SILLS, CLARENCE W. SIMPSON, C. G. SKOOGLUND, DAVID SMITH, WALTER BOURNE SMITHIES, Dr. FRANK SONNEVELD, JACOB, SR. SPALDING, MRS. CHARLES F. SPERLING, SAMUEL SPIELMANN, OSCAR P. STEARNS, MRS. RICHARD I. STEBBINS, FRED J. STEVENS, CHARLES R. STOCKTON, EUGENE M. SUTTON, HAROLD I. TAYLOR, CHARLES CORTLAND TENINGA, CORNELIUS THOMPSON, C. E. THOMPSON, MRS. CHARLES M. THOMPSON, FRED L. TILDEN, Mrs. EDWARD TILDEN, LOUIS EDWARD TIMBERLAKE, Mrs. THoMAS M. TITZEL, DR. W. R. TOOLEN, CLARENCE A. TORBET, A. W. TRUDE, HON. DANIEL P. TUCKER, S. A. TURNER, DR. B. S. TUTTLE, F. B. TYLER, BYRON VALENTINE, STEPHEN VEHON, SIMON HENRY Voss, ADOLPH G. SR. | JAN. 1929 WALKER, EpcGar H. WALKER, Mrs. PAuL WALKER, SAMUEL J. WARD, Miss MARJORIE WARE, MRS. CHARLES W. WASHBURNE, HEMPSTEAD, JR. WASHINGTON, LAURENCE W. Watson, Miss MINA M. WEBSTER, DR. RALPH W. WEIL, DAVID MAXWELL WEINHOEBER, GEORGE V. ‘WEIS, S. W. WELLS, HARRY L. WELTER, JOHN N. DECEASED, BLOUNT, FREDERICK M. JONES, W. CLYDE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 571 WERTH, A. HERMAN WHITE, SELDEN FREEMAN WHITING, LAURENCE H. WILDER, JOHN E. WILLIAMS, J. M. WILSON, MorRIS KARL WINDSOR, H. H., JR. WoLr, Mrs. ALBERT H. Woop, Kay, JR. WRIGHT, H. K. YONKERS, EDWARD H. ZERLER, CHARLES F. ZIELINSKI, THEODORE J. 1928 PARKINSON, ROBERT H. Scott, E. H. ANNUAL MEMBERS Those who contribute $10 annually to the Museum AAGAARD, WALTER S., JR. AARON, ELy M. ABBOTT, EDWIN H. ABBOTT, ERNEST V. ABBOTT, Guy H. ABBOTT, Mrs. KATHERINE M. ABBOTT, DR. WILSON RUFFIN ABEL, HARRY ABELL, Miss LILY CAROLYN ABELLS, COLONEL H. D. ABEGG, EUGENE ABNEY, M. D. ABORN, E. A. ABRAHAMSON, JOHN ABRAHAMSON, Mrs. PAUL ABRAMS, HYMAN B. ABT, Huco A. F. ABT, Dr. Isaac A. ABT, Mrs. J. J. ACKERT, MRS. CHARLES H. | ADAIR, HUGH G. ADAMS, A. J. ADAMS, ALBERT §S. ADAMS, C. E. B. ADAMS, CyRuUS H., JR. ADAMS, Mrs. DAvIipD T. ADAMS, FRANK R. ADAMS, MRS. HENRY T. ADAMS, HuGH R. ADAMS, J. KIRK ADAMS, JOHN Q. ADAMS, M. G. ADAMS, Miss M. JOICE ADAMS, MyYRON E. ADAMS, SAMUEL P. ADAMS, MRs. W. T. ADDAMS, MIss JANE ADLER, DR. HERMAN M. O. ADLER, LEO AFFLECK, BENJAMIN F. AGAR, MRS. WILLIAM GRANT AHERN, MIss ANNA AHLBORN, FRANK H. AHNFELT, JOHN AIKEN, MRS. ROBERT J. AILES, ADRIAN S. AISHTON, RICHARD A. ALDEN, W. T. ALDRICH, FREDERICK C. ALEXANDER, FRANKLIN E. ALESHIRE, Mrs. O. E. ALESSIO, FRANK ALEX, MIss HELEN ALFORD, O. P. ALLAIS, ARTHUR L. ALLEN, Dr. A. V. ALLEN, AMOS G. ALLEN, AUGUSTUS C. D712 ALLEN, HARRY W. ALLEN, J. B. ALLEN, Mrs. J. W. ALLEN, JOHN D. ALLEN, O. T. ALLENSWORTH, A. P. ALLIN, Miss JOSEPHINE T. ALLISON, Mrs. S. B. ALLMAN, GEORGE D. ALSAKER, Mrs. ALFRED ALSCHULER, HON. SAMUEL ALT, GEORGE E. ALTHEIMER, BEN J. ALTMAN, ROBERT M. ALTON, MRS. JESSE B. AMBERG, J. WARD AMBERG, Miss Mary AGNES ANDERSON, Mrs. A. S. ANDERSON, Mrs. A. W. ANDERSON, B. G. ANDERSON, BENJAMIN N. ANDERSON, BROOKE ANDERSON, RT. REv. C. P. ANDERSON, DAVID G. ANDERSON, Mrs. EDITH L. ANDERSON, Mrs. HARRY ANDERSON, JOHN ARTHUR ANDERSON, NORMAN K. ANDREEN, OTTO C. ANDREWS, DR. BENJAMIN F. ANHEISER, HUGO ANOFF, ISIDOR §S. ANTHONY, CHARLES E. ANTHONY, JOSEPH R. ANTONOW, SAMUEL L. ANTRIM, Mrs. ELBERT M. ARBUCKLE, MRS. G. S. ARENS, DR. ROBERT A. ARMS, HERBERT C. ARMSTRONG, EDWARD E. ARMSTRONG, Mrs. H. W. ARMSTRONG, PERCY W. ARN, W. G. ARNOLD, FRANCIS M. ARNOLD, Mrs. Hueco F. ARNOLD, MARSHALL ARQUETTE, GEORGE L. ARTHUR, GEORGE E. ARTHUR, Miss MINNIE J. ASCHER, NATHAN ASHBY, D. E. ASHCRAFT, R. M. ASHER, MAx ASMA, Dr. F. M. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII ATKEISSON, Dr. J. E. H. ATKINSON, Mrs. A. L. C. ATKINSON, CHARLES T. ATKINSON, Roy R. ATWELL, W. C. AtTwoop, Mrs. C. E. AUBLE, WILSON C. AUBRY, NUMA G. AUSTIN, E. F. AUSTIN, M. B. AUSTIN, WILLIAM B. AUSTRIAN, MRS. EDWIN AXELSON, CHARLES F. AXMAN, SAMUEL H. BABCOCK, ADOLPH BABCOCK, F. M. BABCOCK, ORVILLE E. BABCOCK, WILLIAM H. BACHMANN, DR. HARROLD A. BACHRACH, I. BACON, ASA BACON, DR. C. S. Bacon, Mrs. Epson C. BADENOCH, DAvID A. BADGER, SHREVE COWLES BAER, Mrs. ARTHUR A. BAER, DR. JOSEPH L. BaGBy, Mrs. C. B. BAILEY, Dr. G. T. BAILEY, W. H. BAIRD, Mrs. EDITH G. BAKER, C. M. BAKER, CLAUDE M. BAKER, Mrs. Dora H. BAKER, G. W. BAKER, JAMES CHILDS BAKER, JAMES R. BAKER, MIss JULIA A. BALABAN, Mrs. A. J. BALCH, HOWARD K. BALDERSTON, MRS. STEPHEN V. BALDWIN, J. F. BALDWIN, WILLIAM BALL, MRS. GODFREY H. BALL, JOHN BALLARD, MRs. E. S. Bautz, Mrs. PHIL G. BANGS, WILLIAM D. BANKARD, E. HOOVER, JR. BANKER, Mrs. EDWARD H, BANKS, CHARLES ACKERT BANNING, SAMUEL W. BARBER, Mrs. F. L. JAN. 1929 BARCLAY, Miss MILDRED BARKER, EDWARD E. BARKER, Mrs. WILLIAM BARKMAN, Miss A. M. BARLOW, Mrs. HENRY C. BARNES, Miss BERNITA BARNES, PROFESSOR NATHANIEL W. BARNES, SYDNEY G. BARNES, WILLIAM H. BARR, DR. A. H. BARRETT, Miss ADELA BARRETT, M. J. P. 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BENDELARI, ARTHUR BENDER, Mrs. CHARLES BENGTSEN, H. O. BENNET, WILLIAM S. BENNETT, E. H. BENNETT, Mrs. HAROLD D. 573 BENNETT, Mrs. WILLIAM H. K. BENNINGHOVEN, DANIEL BENNINGTON, HAROLD BENOIST, Mrs. WILLIAM F. BENSINGER, MRS. BLANCHE BENSLER, ERNEST BENTLEY, RICHARD BERENBAUM, SAMUEL BERENS, Mrs. H. BERG, Dr. O. H. BERG, OTTO BERGBOM, Mrs. M. S. BERGER, Mrs. H. BERGER, HENRY A. BERGER, Miss MarIE S. E. BERGH, E. G. BERGH, Ross F. BERGSTROM, O. BERKOWITZ, DR. J. G. BERNSTEIN, AARON D. BERNSTEIN, Mrs. JAcK BERRY, H. Roy BERRY, Mrs. RAYMOND D. BERRY, V. D. BERTOLET, CHARLES D. BESHEARS, MANSFIELD BESTEL, OLIVER A. BETTMAN, DR. R. B. BIBBER, THOMAS H. BIDDLE, ROBERT C. BIEHN, Dr. J. F. BIGANE, Mrs. JOHN EDWARD, JR. BIGELOW, MISS FLORENCE E. BILSKY, SAMUEL BINKS, Mrs. HARRY D. BIRD, Miss FRANCES BIRD, HERBERT J. BirK, Miss AMELIA BIRKENSTEIN, GEORGE BIRKENSTEIN, LOUIS BIRKHOFF, MISS GERTRUDE BIRMINGHAM, Mrs. EUGENE E, BISBEE, CHARLES A. 574 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII BISBEE, W. G. BisHop, Mrs. ALICE M. BisHop, Mrs. HOWARD F. BISSELL, Mrs. A. W. BuLAcK, Mrs. HERBERT G. BLACK, ROBERT F. BLAck, W. J. BLACKFORD, WILBUR F. BLACKMAN, HERBERT F.: BLACKWOOD, Mrs. A. E. Buair, Mrs. M. BARBOUR BLAIR, THOMAS S., JR. BLAKE, Mrs. F. B. BLAKE, Mrs. WILLIAM H. BLAKELEY, JOHN M. BLAZON, JOHN J. BLESSING, LEWIS G. BLIss, CHARLES F. BLITZSTEN, DR. N. LIONEL BLocK, MRS. JOSEPH B. BLock, Mrs. LEIGH B. Buiock, Dr. Louis H. BLock!I, Mrs. FRED W. BLOMQUIST, ALFRED BLONDER, EDWARD G. BLoopD, L. A. BiLoom, Mrs. LEON BLOOMFIELD, DR. JAMES H. BLOOMFIELD, Mrs. LEONARD Buount, M. A. BLUNT, KATHARINE Boss, DwiGcutT S. BopDMAN, Mrs. EDWARD W. BOEHM, BRUNO J. BOGAN, WILLIAM J. BOHNER, WILLIAM F. BOHNETT, HARRY W. BouitHo, Mrs. WILLIAM J. BOLLENBACHER, JOHN C. BOLLES, C. E. Bout, M. C. BOLTEN, PAUL H. BOLTON, JOHN F. Bong, A. R. BONTHRON, FRANCIS R. BONNER, FRANCIS A. Boone, ARTHUR BooNE, CHARLES LEVERITT Boot, Dr. G. W. BootH, Mrs. GEORGE BORCHERDING, E. P. BORCHERDT, Mrs. H. A. BORCHERT, DR. ROBERT L. BORLAND, Mrs. BEATRICE I. BORMAN, T. A. BORN, EDGAR R. BorouGH, Miss Mary G. BorscH, Mrs. MAry BOTHMAN, Dkr. L. BOUCHER, C. S. BoOuURNIQUE, ALVAR L. BOURQUE, DR. N. ODEON Bowk, AUGUSTINE J. BOWEN, JOSEPH T., JR. BOWMAN, JAY Boyp, Mrs. E. B. BRACH, Mrs. EDWIN J. BRACHVOGEL, Mrs. CHRISTIANA BRADFORD, THOMAS H. BRADLEY, CHARLES E. BRADLEY, FRED J. BRADLEY, HERBERT E. BRADSTREET, PERCY W. BRANDENBURG, MRs. O. H. BRASCHLER, H. T. BRAUCHER, MRS. ERNEST N. BraupDy, Mrs. Louis C. BRAUER, Mrs. CASPER BRAUN, ARTHUR J. BRAWLEY, DR. FRANK E. BREED, FREDERICK S. BREEN, J. W. BRENNEMANN, DR. JOSEPH BRENNER, Mrs. Louis N. BRENNWASSER, S. M. BREWER, EDWARD H. BREWER, HARRY F. BREWSTER, WILLIAM E. BREYER, Mrs. T. Briacas, A. G. BRIGGS, CARL R. BRIN, HARRY L. BRINK, MRs. E. 8S. BRINSON, Mrs. EARL W. BRISCOE, GEORGE L. BRISTER, Mrs. C. J. BRISTOL, JAMES T. BROADICE, Mrs. J. L. Brock, Mrs. FRANK P. BROCKETT, Mrs. J. I. BRODKORB, WILLIAM P. BRODSKY, J. J. 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BuNTE, Mrs. THEODORE W. BUNTING, Guy J. BUNZEL, PAUL M. BurcH, Mrs. W. E. BURDICK, DR. ALFRED S. Burk, Mrs. HENRIETTA LANGE BuRKE, Mrs. LAWRENCE N. BURKE, LEONARD J. BURKE, DR. SAMUEL T. BURKHARDT, CHARLES E. BURNET, Mrs. W. A. BURNHAM, D. H. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR BURNHAM, HUBERT BURNS, JOHN J. BURNSTINE, I. H. Burr, MAvRICE BuRRITT, D. F. BuRROwsS, Miss LOuIsA L. Burrows, Mrs. W. F. BuRRY, WILLIAM, JR. BURTON, MISS CLARIBEL BuRTON, Mrs. ERNEST D. BURTON, FRED A. BUSCH, FRANCIS X. BUSHONVILLE, JAMES T. BUSSIAN, JOHN A. BUSWELL, Mrs. HENRY LEE BUTLER, CHARLES E. Butters, Mrs. GEORGE BUXBAUM, MorRRIS BYERSDORF, SIDNEY R. BYRNE, THOMAS H. CABLE, ARTHUR G. CAHILL, WILLIAM A. CAHN, BENJAMIN R. CAIN, CHARLES N. CAIN, G. R. CALDWELL, Mrs. AsA J. CALDWELL, H. WARE CALDWELL, LOUIS G. CALLAHAN, Mrs. A. F. CALOGER, Mrs. A. D. CALVIN, DR. JOSEPH K. CAMP, BENJAMIN B. CAMP, CURTIS B. CAMPBELL, ANDREW L. CAMPBELL, ARGYLE CAMPBELL, DONALD A. CAMPBELL, MRS. JOHN G. CAMPBELL, Mrs. R. D. CAMPBELL, ROBERT A. CAMPBELL, ROBERT W. CAMPE, FRANK O. CANAVAN, J. NEWELL CANEPA, JAMES P. CANNING, ANDREW P. CAPPER, JOHN S. CARD, JOSEPH B. CAREY, FRANK L. CARLETON, STANLEY CARLILE, WILLIAM B. CARLIN, LEO J. CARLSON, Mrs. CARL T. CARMAN, S. S. CARNAHAN, Mrs. GLEN C. CARPENTER, JOHN ALDEN 575 576 CARPENTER, L. T. CARPENTER, W. W.S. CARR, H. C. CARR, DR. JAMES G. CARROLL, MICHAEL A. CARTEAUX, LEON L. CARTER, ALLAN J. CARTER, C. B. CARTER, Mrs. C. B. CARTER, FREDERICK M. CARTER, Mrs. J. B. CARTER, Mrs. L. D. CARY, GEORGE B., SR. CASAVANT, GUSTAV A. CASE, HORACE D. CASEY, J. R. CASEY, THOMAS Cass, Mrs. Roy H. CASSADAY, Mrs. THOMAS G. CASSELS, G. J. CASSIDY, WILLIAM J. CASTENHOLZ. W. B. CASTLE, C. S. CASTLE, SYDNEY CASWELL, Mrs. A. B. CAUGHLIN, F. P. CAVENEE, Mrs. C. M. CERVENKA, JOHN A. CHALMERS, Mrs. J. Y. CHAMBERLIN, Mrs. ADELE R. CHAMBERLIN, GEORGE W. CHAMBLIN, MRS. WILLIAM F. CHANDLER, C. F. CHANDLER, CHARLES H. CHANDLER, FRANK R. CHAPIN, RUFUS, F. CHAPMAN, MRS. FRANK A. CHAPMAN, WILLIAM GERARD CHASE, MRS. EDWARD G. CHASE, MISS FLORENCE CHASE, Mrs. LEONA CHASE, Miss MARGARET CHASE, Roy W. CHASE, SAMUEL T. CHATTIN, WILLIAM CHAVIS, Dr. SAMUEL W. CHENEY, HENRY D. CHESTER, H. H. CHILDS, KENT C. CHILDS, LESTER C. CHILDS, Mrs. R. W. CHILDS, T. W. CHRISSINGER, HORACE B. CHRISTENSEN, HENRY C. CHRISTIANSEN, DR. HENRY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII CHRISTIE, Dr. Roy E. CHRISTIE, SIGURD A. CHRISTOFFERSON, Dr. E. A. CHURAN, LEO M. CHURCH, Mrs. EMMA CHURCHILL, RICHARD S. CIOTOLA, DR. E. CLANCY, WILLIAM L. CLARE, HERBERT O. CLARK Cie CLARK, H. K. CLARK, HARRY B. CLARK, JAMES D. CLARK, DR. STANLEY W. CLARKE, BROADUS J. CLARKE, FREDERICK BE. CLARKE, HARLEY L. CLARKE, HENRY CLARKE, Mrs. HENRY S., JR. CLAUSSEN, EDMUND J. CLAVEY, F. B. CLAYPOOL, GLEN F. CLAYTON, BENJAMIN W. CLEARY, CHARLES H. CLEARY, JOHN J. CLEAVE, Mrs. FRANCES D. CLEMENTS, Miss ELLEN N. CLEVELAND, A. F. CLEVELAND, Mrs. A. F. CLIFFORD, THOMAS R. CLITHERO, W. S. CLONEY, T. W. CLow, Mrs. HARRY B. CLOYES, WILLIAM E. CLUFF, EDWIN E. COBURN, ALONZO J. COBURN, J. M. CocHRAN, J. L. CocHRAN, Mrs. J. L. COCHRAN, Miss NELLIE COCHRANE, Mrs. A. B. COCHRANE, A. K. O. COCHRANE, Mrs. ROBERT M. Con, FRANK GALT COFFIN, FRED Y., SR. CoFFIN, MRS. FRED Y. CoFFIN, PERCY B. COFFMAN, A. B. COHEN, ARCHIE H. COHEN, IRVING LESLIE COHEN, IRWIN COHN, CHARLES COLBORN, Mrs. G. D. COLBURN, WARREN E. COLDREN, CLIFTON C. JAN. 1929 Co.Lez, E. LESLIE COLE, LAWRENCE A. COLEMAN, B. R. COLEMAN, CLARENCE L. COLLINS, ARTHUR W. COLLINS, BERYL B. COLLINS, CHARLES W. COLLINS, CHILTON C. COLLINS, GEORGE R. COLLINS, DR. LORIN C. COLLINS, DR. RUFUS G. COLLISON. EDGAR K. COLNON, PHILIP COLVER, HERBERT L. COMERFORD, FRANK COMERFORD, Mrs. LYELA COMPTON, E. RAYMOND Comstock, Miss ETHEL COMSTOCK, ROBERT H., JR. CONDON, MRS. JOHN CONDON, THOMAS J. CoNnE, ALBERT P. CONGER, MRS. WILLIAM PEREZ CONGLIS, NICHOLAS P. CONKEY, H. P. CONLON, WILLIAM F. CONNERS, HARRY CoNNOR, MRrRS.FREDERICK T. CONOVER, HARVEY CONRAN, Mrs. WALTER A. Conroy, Mrs. ESTHER F. CONSOER, ARTHUR W. CONSOER, Miss META CONVERSE, WILLIAM A. Cook, Miss EpITs S. Cook, MRS. GEORGE E. Cook, J. B. COOKE, CHARLES E. CooKE, Mrs. DAVID S., JR. CooKE, Mrs. GEORGE J. Coon, ROBERT E. COOPER, CHARLES H. COOPER, FRED W. COOPER, FREDERICK A. COPPEL, Mrs. CHARLES H. CORBIN, Mrs. DANA CorBoy, Miss C. M. CoRBOY, WILLIAM J. CORDELL, ARTHUR N. COREY, RALPH L. COREY, WILLIAM H. CORPER, ERWIN CORSANT, Mrs. CHARLES KING CORSER, CHARLES B. CORWIN, Dr. ARTHUR M. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Costa, MRS. JOSEPH C. COSTELLO, THOMAS J. COSTIGANE, WILLIAM B. COSTON, JAMES E. COURVOISIER, Dr. EARL A. CowAN, Mrs. Lora S. Cox, ARTHUR M. Cox, HENRY J. CRADDOCK, J. F. CRANE, JACOB L., JR. CRAWFORD, ADAM W. CRAWFORD, FREDERICK E. CREED, DANIEL A. ‘CREEDON, Mrs. CLARA W. CREGO, FRANK A. CRERAR, MRS. JOHN CRILE, Mrs. DENNIS W. CRONKHITE, ALBION C. Crooks, Mrs. H. D. CROPP, CARL CROSBY, MRS. FREDERICK W. Cross, HENRY B. Crow, W. R. CROWDER, J. L. CROWELL, Lucius A. CUDNEY, HAROLD N. CULLISON, JAMES B., JR. CUMMINGS, Mrs. JOHN L. CUNEO, FRANK CUNNEA, WILLIAM A. CUNNINGHAM, DR. JOSEPH L. CUNNINGHAM, ROBERT D. CUNNINGHAM, ROBERT M. CURRAN, O. P., JR. CURRAN, PETER A. CurRTIS, MISS FRANCIS H. CuRTIS, LOuIS R. CUSACK, FRANCIS J. DAHLQUIST, C. M. DAICHES, ELI DALLAS, CHARLES D. DALLSTREAM, ANDREW J. DALRYMPLE, HENRY R. DALTON, ERNEST E. DALTON, HENRY L. DALY. DRE A. DALZIEL, DAVISON DAMMANN, EDWARD C. DAMMANN, J. F., JR. D’ ANCONA, A. E. DANIELS, Mrs. J. V. DANIELSON, FRED V. DANKOWSEI, I. F. DANTZzIG, M. O77 578 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII DARLING, DR. U. G. DAUGHADAY, C. COLTON DAVID, SIDNEY S. DAVIDONIS, DR. ALEXANDER L. DAVIDSON, Mrs. GEORGE M. DAVIDSON, JULIUS DAVIDSON, Lucius H. DAVIDSON, Miss Mary E. DAVIDSON, MorRTON S. DAVIE, GEORGE F. DAVIES, J. E. DAVIES, MARSHALL DAVIES, P. W. DAVIES, WILLIAM B. DAVIS, COLONEL ALEXANDER M. DAVIS, DR. AMY REAMS DAVIS, ARTHUR DAVIS, BRODE B. 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DOLESE, Mrs. JOHN DOLESE, PETER DOLKE, Mrs. W. FRED, JR. DONKLE, Mrs. L. B. DONNELLY, THORNE DONNELLEY, Mrs. THORNE DooLEYy, Mrs. ALBERT G. Dors, GEORGE B. DORSEY, JOHN T., JR. DOWLING, T. F. DoYLE, EDWARD J. DoyYLE, EDWARD V. DoyYLeE, LEO J. DRAKE, LYMAN M., JR. DREISKE, GEORGE J. DRELL, Mrs. J. B. DRENNAN, JOHN G. DRESSEL, FREDERICK C. DREwWS, WILLIAM F. DREZMAL, MAX A. . DRIELSMA, I. J. DRYDEN, Mrs. GEORGE B. DRYNAN, WILLIAM G. Duck, ALBERT DUDLEY, W. W. DuGGAN, Mrs. HENRY DUNBAUGH, HARRY J. DUNCAN, W. S. DUNER, DR. CLARENCE S. DUNHAM, Mrs. M. KEITH DuNHAM, Mrs. W. H. DUNLAP, GEORGE H. DUNLAP, Mrs. SAMUEL A. DuNLAP, Mrs. T. M. DUNN, EDWARD J. DUNNING, N. MAx DUNSCOMB, GEORGE H. DUPEE, EUGENE H. Dupuis, Miss J. L. npr Oe PRO oe See JAN. 1929 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 579 DuRHAM, Mrs. RAYMOND E. ESPENSHADE, Mrs. E. B. DURLAND, Miss ETHEL GRACE ESTES, C. E. ETTELSON, Mrs. SAMUEL A. EASTHOPE, JOSEPH EULASS, ELMER A. EATON, Dr. D. B. EVANS, Miss ANNA B. HATON, Mrs. Marquis Evans, Dr. CHARLES B. S. EATON, WILLIAM A. Evans, Euiot H. EBBESEN, A. C. EVANS, FLOYD BUTLER Eck, Dr. CHARLEs P. EVANS, Mrs. TIMOTHY WALLACE Eppy, Mrs. Morris R. EVERETT, EDWARD W. EpMonps, Miss Nora EWEN, WILLIAM R. T. EDWARDS, I. NEWTON EWING, Mrs. HucH W. EGAN, PARNELL EHRLICH, M. J. FABBRI, ALBERT EHRMAN, WALTER E. FAIR, DR. FRED F. EHRMANN, DR. FRED J. E. FALK, LESTER L. EIcH, JOHN W. FALTYSEK, E. J. EICHMAN, Mrs. HARVEY F. FANNING, C. G. EICHSTAEDT, DR. J. J. FANTuUS, DR. BERNARD EISENDRATH, MIss Esa B. FARNSWORTH, G. J. EISENDRATH, JOSEPH L. FARQUHAR, R. C. ELAM, Mrs. M. A. FARQUHARSON, WILLIAM J. ELDRED, H. WARD FARRELL, WILLIAM W. ELEY, NING FARWELL, STANLEY P. ELICH, Mrs. HERMAN FAULKNER, DR. LOUIS ELIEL, Mrs. THERESA G. FAVORITE, Mrs. ISABEL C. ELLBOGEN, Mrs. Max FAWCETT, H. J. ELLERT, ARNOLD M. FEIGENHEIMER, HERMAN ELLINSON, Mrs. WILLIAM J. FELL, A. L. ELLIOT, Mrs. FRANK M. FELSENTHAL, HERMAN ELLIOTT, Dr. A. R. FELZ, Mrs. HARRY J. ELLIOTT, Mrs. E. N. FENGER, MRS. CHRISTIAN ELLIOTT, FRANCKE C. FENLEY, WILLIAM H. ELLIOTT, Mrs. O. EARL FENN, Dr. G. K. ELMER, Miss LULU SHEPARD FENTON, J. R. ELMER, DR. RAYMOND F. FERGUSON, S. Y., JR. ELMSLIE, GEORGE G. FERGUSON, WILLIAM I. EMERY, WILLIAM H. FESSENDEN, ASA C. EMIG, HOWARD A. FETZER, WILLIAM R. ENGELHARD, BENJAMIN M. FIELD, HEMAN H. ENGELHART, FRANK C. FIELD, HENRY EMERY, Mrs. FRED A. FIELD, Mrs. WENTWORTH G. ENGELS, Dr. NICHOLAS R. FIELDHOUSE, CLARENCE B. ENGLAND, EDWARD L. FINDLEY, DR. EPHRAIM K. ENGLE, MRS. WALTER FINIGAN, THOMAS ENGLISH, JOHN J. FINK, GEORGE E. ENRIGHT, FRANK J. RINKe ha A EPSTEIN, BENJAMIN P. FINNEY, W. N. ERD, ARTHUR A. FISCHER, Miss ALICE D. ERICKSON, Mrs. E. T. FISCHER, ANTHONY C. ERICKSON, ELMER FISCHER, ARTHUR ERICKSON, H. E. FISCHER, CHARLES H. ERICKSON, HUBBARD H. FISCHRUPP, GEORGE ERWIN, Mrs. CHARLES R. FISHER, Dr. HART E. ESMOND, JOHN W. FISHER, S. 580 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII FISHER, MRS. VORIES FISKE, KENNETH B. FITCH, THOMAS FITZGERALD, DR. J. E. FITZPATRICK, Miss ANNA E. FITZPATRICK, Mrs. T. F. FLACK, THOMAS FLAHERTY, JOSEPH F. FLANIGAN, ARTHUR H. FLEMING, EDWARD J. FLINN, Mrs. F. B. FLINN, JAMES M. FLOESSLER, ARTHUR M. FLYNN, MAURICE J. FOCKLER, L. H. FoLey, HARRY B. FOLEY, JOHN M. FoLtTz, HARRY G. FONES, JAMES J. FORD, JAMES S. ForpD, T. A. FORGAN, JAMES B., JR. FORREST, GEORGE D. FORSINGER, DARWIN A. FORTELKA, DR. FRANK L. FORTUNE, JOHN L. FOSBURG, H. A. Fospick, K. I. FOSTER, CHAUNCEY C. FosTeR, Mrs. HirRAM E. FOSTER, DR. MABEL G. FOWLER, G. F. FOWLER, HENRY FOWLER, MRS. JOHN W. Fox, HARVEY Fox, Dr. PAUL C. Fox, Mrs. WILLIAM W. FRAME, C. L. FRANK, BARNEY FRANK, DAVID FRANK, FREDERICK W. FRANK, SAMUEL I. FRANKE, DR. FRED C. FRANKE, DR. META E. FRANKENSTEIN, RUDOLPH FRANKLIN, M. E. FRASER, JOSEPH J. FRASER, N. D. FRAZEE, SEWARD C. FREDERICK, Mrs. CLARENCE L. FREDERICK, R. L. FREEMAN, Mrs. ERNEST H. FREEMAN, THEODORE F. FREEMAN, VICTOR KE. FREEMAN, WALTER W. FREEMAN, WILLIAM A. FREER, HARRY M. FRENCH, C. W. FRENCH, Mrs. L. B. FRENZEL, Mrs. HENRY FREUDENTHAL, G. S. FREUND, ERWIN O. FREYN, HENRY J. FRIED, HARRY N. FRIEDBERG, MRs. STANTON FRIEDER, EDWARD N. FRIEDLICH, Mrs. HERBERT FRIEDMAN, I. S. FRIEDMAN, Mrs. IsAAc K. FRIEND, HERBERT M. FRIEND, OSCAR F. FRIEND, Mrs. R. O. FROEHLING, ARTHUR F. Fucik, E. J. FULLAM, CHARLES J. FULLER, DR. GEORGE DAMON FULLER, Mrs. J. G. FuNK, Mrs. C. S. FYFE, JAMES L. GABATHULER, MISS JUANITA GABEL, WALTER H. GABER, BENJAMIN GABRIEL, FRANK J. GAHAGAN, Dr. H. G. GAITHER, OTHO S. GALE, ABRAM GALE, FREDERICK A. GALETTI, CHARLES G. GALLAGHER, T. E. GALLAGHER, DR. WILLIAM J. GALLAUER, C. GALLOWAY, DR. CHARLES E. GALLUP, HAROLD E. GAMBLE, JAMES A. GANO, DAVID R. GANS, DANIEL GANS, GLENN R. GANSBERGEN, Mrs. F. H. GARDNER, ROBERT H. GARLICK, Mrs. ADELLA GARLICK, R. C. GARNER, F. J. GARVEY, Mrs. W. H. GARRISON, BERNARD C. GARRISON, DR. LESTER E. GARTSIDE, JOHN L. GARVER, JACOB MARLOWE GARVEY, B.S. GARY, DRY Ct a ee eT el . ae eel CE encase Ot Dil mR JAN. 1929 GASTON, CLARENCE E. GATES, NEIL H. GATES, PHILLIP R. GATHMAN, ARTHUR E. GAUL, H. J. GAYLORD, Miss ANNA E. GEBHARDT, ERNEST A. GEDDES, THOMAS GEDDES, WILLIAM H. GEER, Mrs. IRA J. GENDRON, Miss LOUISE GENTRY, MRS. VEIT GEORGE, Mrs. ALBERT B. GEORGE, CALVIN M. GEORGE, MARSHALL W. GERAGHTY, GERALD G. GERDING, R. W. GERINGER, CHARLES M. GERTZ, RUDOLPH V. GETSCHOW, GEORGE M. GETTELMAN, Mrs. SIDNEY H. GEUTHER, OTTO R. GIBBS, WILLIAM J. GIBSON, Mrs. IRENE M. GIBSON, DR. STANLEY GIELOW, WALTER C. GIESSEL, Mrs. HENRY GILCHRIST, MISS HARRIET F. GILES, Miss A. H. GILES, DR. ROSCOE GILKES, WILLIAM H. GILL, ADOLPH GILL, WALLACE GILLANDERS, KENNETH GILPIN, GARTH G. GILRUTH, IRWIN T. GINDELE, Mrs. C. W. GITTER, Miss Mary B. GLADER, FRANK J. GLASS, WILLIAM Q. GLASSER, EDWARD GLASSER, Mrs. G. M. GLICK, EMANUEL M. GLOVER, Mrs. MANSON GLUECK, I. GOBLE, Mrs. E. R. GODDARD, Mrs. CONVERS GODEHN, PAUL GOELITZ, Mrs. HARRY, JR. GOELITZ, HENRY G. GOERGEN, DR. PHILIP G. Gogs, Mrs. JOSEPHINE GOETZ, ADOLPH GOFFE, Mrs. L. K. GOLDFINE, Dr. A. H. C. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR GOLDING, GUSTAV GOLDMAN, Mrs. M. GOLDSMITH, EDWIN GOLDSMITH, HENRY M. GOLDSMITH, M. A. GOLDSMITH, MosES GOLDSTEIN, ABRAHAM GOLDSTEIN, BENJAMIN F. GoopD, Mrs. JAMES W. GOODKIND, Mrs. A. L. GOODMAN, DAVID GOODMAN, W. J. GOooDNovW, E. H. 581 GOODWILLIE, MRS. CHARLES F., Sr. GORDON, MRS. FREDERICK T. GORDON, DR. L. E. GorE, Mrs. EDWARD E. GORMAN, Mrs. Mervyn J. GORRELL, A. D. GOTTSCHALK, ALBERT L. GOUGET, WILLIAM T. GOULD, GEORGE W. GOVEN, EDOUARD T. GOWENLOCK, T. R. GRADY, Mrs. Davip E. GRAF, CHARLES J. GRAHAM, E. V. GRAHAM, MIssS MARGARET H. GRAMM, DR. CARL T. GRANT, ALEXANDER R. GRANT, LUKE GRAPPERHAUS, FRED W. GRAUER, MILTON H. GRAVER, Mrs. H. S. GRAVER, PHILIP S. GRAVES, WILLIAM C. GRAY, DR. HORACE GRAYDON, CHARLES E. GREAR, W.S. GREEN, DR. RAPHAEL B. GREEN, ROBERT D. GREEN, SAMUEL GREEN, WALTER H. GREEN, WILLIAM N. GREENBURG, ISAAC G. GREENEBAUM, Mrs. ESTHER GREENGARD, MAx GREENHALGH, JOHN H. GREENWALD, JACOB GREER, Mrs. JAMES R. GREGORY, Mrs. ROBERT B. GREIN, JOSEPH GREINER, CLARENCE A. GREY, NEWTON F. GRIFFIN, BENNETT 582 GRIFFIN, NICHOLAS M. GRIFFITH, Mrs. JOHN L. GRIFFITH, MELVIN L. GRIFFITH, WILLIAM C, GRIMMER, Dr. A. H. GRIMSHAW, NORMAN R. GRINKER, DR. Roy R. GRINNELL, ROBERT L. GRISWOLD, GLENN GRISWOLD, Roy C. GROCHOWSKI, G. S. GROEBE, LOUIS G. GROENWALD, FLORIAN A. GRUENFELD, ADOLPH J. GRUND, HARRY T. GRUNWALD, Mrs. EmMIL G. GRUT, HARRY N. GUDEMAN, DR. EDWARD GUETTLER, H. W. GUILLIAMS, JOHN R. GUINAN, JAMES J. GULLBORG, JOHN S. GULLICKSON, ROLLO GUNKEL, GEORGE P. GUNNERMAN, Mrs. Louis H. GUNTHER, SAMUEL L. GURLEY, Miss HELEN K. GUSFIELD, JULIEN J. GUSTAFSON, Mrs. ANDREW GUTHRIE, Miss MAry G. GUYTON, C. ERNEST GYBERSON, Miss INDIANA HAAS, ADOLPH R. HAAS, GEORGE H. J. HAAS, SAMUEL L. HABERKORN, Mrs. J. C. HACHMEISTER, HERMAN HACKETT, COLONEL HORATIO B. HAEDTLER, MARTIN C. HAERTHER, Dr. A. G. HAERTHER, WILLIAM W. HAGELIN, E. HAGEY, 00h HAJEK, HENRY F. HALAS, ANDREW G. HALES, EDWARD M. HALES, Mrs. G. WILLARD HALEY, Dr. C. O. HALL, Mrs. ALBERT L. HALL, ARTHUR B. HALL, CHARLES R. HALL, EDWARD B. HALL, GEORGE C. HALL, HENRY C. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII HALL, J. RUSSELL HALL, Mrs. J. 8: HALL, Louis W. HALL, Mrs. MARIAN L. HALL, ROBERT W. HALLBERG, ELMER W. HALSTED, Mrs. A. E. HALSTED, Miss A. W. HALTENHOFF, W. C. HAMBLETON, C. J. HAMBLETON, Mrs. EARL L. HAMILTON, ALEX K. HAMILTON, EDGAR L. HAMILTON, HuGo A. HAMILTON, J. R. HAMILTON, ROBERT J. HAMMEL, GEORGE E. HAMMER, THOMAS H. HAMMERS, M. J. HAMMILL, Miss EpItTH K. HAMMOND, Roy E. HAMMOND, WILLIAM J. HANCOCK, FRANK A. HAND, H. N. HANKINS, HARRY HANLEY, WALTER A. HANNAFORD, MISS MILDRED L. HANNAH, ALEXANDER W. HANOVER, WILLIAM HANSEN, Miss ALMA C. HANSEN, EDWARD C. HANSON, HARRY E. HANSON, MARTIN J. HARDER, Miss LOUISE HARDING, Mrs. CHARLES F. HARDING, CAPTAIN PATRICK J. HARDING, S. LAWRENCE HARDWICKE, HARRY HARMON, HUBERT R. HARMON, JOHN H. HARNER, GEORGE W. HARNICK, DR. HARRY N. HARPER, SAMUEL A. HARRIGAN, E. J. HARRIMAN, FRANK B., SR. HARRIS, Mrs. ABRAHAM HARRIS, D. J. HARRIS, EWART HARRIS, FRANK F. HARRIS, J. MAx HARRIS, W. H. HARRIS, WALLACE R. HARRIS, WILLIAM L. HARRISON, DR. EDWIN M. | JAN. 1929 HARRISON, HARRY P. HARRISON, J. HARRISON, JAMES D. HARROLD, JAMES P. HART, Mrs. HELENA HART, HENRY D. Hart, Louis E. HARTIGAN, Mrs. A. F. HARTIGAN, CLARE HARTMANN, HENRY, SR. HARTWIG, O. J. HARVEY, BYRON S. HARVEY, JAMES A. HARVEY, DR. ROBERT H. HARVEY, W. S., JR. HARWOOD, FREDERICK HARZA, LEROY F. HASKELL, L. A. HASLER, Mrs. EDWARD L. HASTINGS, EDMUND A. HATMAKER, MRS. JANE K. HATTERMAN, MRS. WILLIAM E. HATTREM, HAROLD HAUGHEY, JAMES M. HAUSER, J. C. HAWKES, Mrs. BENJAMIN C. HAWKINS, F. P. HAWKINS, J. C. HAWKINSON, J. T. HAWLEY, ALBERT P. HAWLEY, CLARENCE E. HAWTHORNE, V. R. HAYES, Mrs. M. T. HAYNES, Mrs. GIDEON Hays, Miss CATHERINE HAYT, WILLIAM H. HAZLETT, DR. WILLIAM H. HEADBURG, Mrs. ALBION LAMBERT HEALY, JOHN J. HEALY, Mrs. PAvuL J. HEATH, ALBERT HEATH, WILLIAM A. HEATON, HARRY E. HEBEL, HON. OSCAR HEBERLING, RUSSELL L. HECKEL, EDMUND P. HecutT, Dr. A. A. HECKENDORF, R. A. HECKINGER, WILLIAM J. HECTOR, DR. WILLIAM S. HEDMAN, JOHN A. H&G, ERNEST, SR. HEIDE, BERNARD H. HEIDLER, FRANK J. HEIFETZ, SAMUEL ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR HEINEKE, CARL HEINEMAN, Mrs. P. G. HEINEMANN, JOHN B. HEINZ, L. HERMAN HEINZE, CHARLES HEISE, WILLIAM F. HELDMAIER, MISS MARIE HELEBRANDT, LOUIS HELLER, BRUNO F. HENDERSON, B. E. HENKLE, I. S. — HENRICKSON, MAGNUS HENRY, C. DUFF HENRY, CHARLES W. HENRY, CLAUDE D. HENSCHEIN, H. PETER HENSEL, HERMAN BE. HENSSLER, DR. OTTO W. HEPFNER, Mrs. FRANK HERRING, GARNER HERRIOTT, IRVING HERROLD, Mrs. RUSSELL D. HERTEL, Hueco S. HERTZ, Mrs. FRED HERTZ, Mrs. Joun D. HERTZBERG, EDWARD HERZMAN, Dr. Morris H. HgEss, Mrs. J. H. HEss, JOHN L. HEss, SoL H. HESSERT, GUSTAV HESSERT, DR. WILLIAM HETTRICK, WILLIAM J. HEYMANN, EMANUEL H. HEYMANN, L. H. HEYN, WILLIAM P. HIBBARD, ANGUS S. HIBBARD, F. C. HICKEY, JAMES J. HICKLIN, JOHN W. HIGBIE, N. BRADLEY, JR. HIGGINS, JOHN H. HiGGins, Miss Lois E. HIGH, SHIRLEY T. HILGENDORF, GEORGE H. HILL, DUKE HILL, Mrs. E. M. HILL, FREDERICK HILL, Miss MEpDA A. HILLER, J. A. HILLIKER, Miss RAY HIuuis, DR. DAVID HILLMAN, EDWARD HILLS, CHARLES W.., SR. HIuus, Mrs. J. M. 083 584 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTsS, VOL. VII HILLYER, C. R. HILLYER, DwicuT E. HILTON, HENRY H. HIMAN, CHARLES HINCKLEY, DR. D. H. HINDS, GEORGE T. HINDS, JOSEPH B. HIRSCH, MARTIN Hiscox, MORTON HITCHCOCK, R. M. HITE, HARRY A. HoaG, Dr. JUNIUS C. HOAGLAND, WALTER P. HocHeE, Mrs. EDMOND S. HODEL, GEORGE HopDEs, Dr. J. E. HODGDON, WILLIAM HODGE, THOMAS P. HOEFER, ERNEST HOELTER, HARRY H. Horr, C. W. HOFFMAN, ANDREW HOFFMAN, G. T. HOFFMAN, JOHN G. HOHMANN, MRS. GEORGE HOLABIRD, JOHN A. HOLBROOK, FRANK X. HOLDEN, C. R. HOLDEN, HALE, JR. HoLpoM, HON. JESSE HOLE, PERRY L. HOLLAND, SAMUEL H. HOLLAND, DR. WILLIAM E. HOLLENBACH, CHARLES H. HOLLISTER, FRANCIS H. HOLLOWAY, HARRY C. HOLLOWAY, OWEN B. HOLLOWELL, R. D. T. HOLuy, W. H. HOLM, GOTTFRIED HOLMAN, ALFRED J. HOLMAN, EDWARD HOLMAN, Scott A. HOLMES, DR. BAYARD HouMEs, Mrs. EDWARD S. HOLMES, WILLIAM HOLMGREN, ELMER N. HOLRAN, Mrs. JOHN RAYMOND HOLT, JAMES A. Hott, MCPHERSON HOouzer, F. L. HOLZWORTH, CHRISTOPHER E. HoMAN, Miss BLOSSOM HONNOLD, DR. FRED C. Hoop, GEORGE A. HooGE, Dr. Lupwie F. Hoot, Miss EMILY M. HOOVER, GEORGE W. HOPKINS, ALVAH S&S. HOPKINS, W. M. Horn, ALBIN O. Horn, Miss Datsy J. Horn, Mrs. J. M. HORNADAY, THOMAS F. HORNER, WALTER A. HORNSTEIN, LEON HORNUNG, JOSEPH J. HORTON, HIRAM T. HORTON, RALPH HORWEEN, ISADORE HORWICH, BERNARD HORWICH, PHILIP HOSFORD, WILLIAM R. HOSKEN, CHARLES L. . HOSKINS, Mrs. E. L. HOSTETTER, A. B. HOSTETTER, G. L. HOUGHTELING, JAMES L. Houna, V. J. Houser, Mrs. AGNES RICKS HOWARD, Dr. RICHARD H. HOWE, EDWARD G. Howe, Mrs. FANNY J. Howe, IRWIN M. Hoyt, Dr. D. C. Hoyt, N. L., JR. Hoyt, WILLIAM M., II HRYNIEWEICKI, Dr. STEFAN HUBBARD, E. J. HUBBARD, JOHN M. HUBBARD, WILLIAM C. HUBBELL, ARTHUR C. HUBBELL, WILLIAM J. HUBER, MRs. M. J. HuBER, Dr. OTTo C. Huck, CARL M. HUDSON, EDWARD J. HUEBNER, WILLIAM G. HUFMEYER, Miss ISABELLA G. HuGHEs, Mrs. E. H. HUGHES, HUBERT EARL HUGHES, P. A. HUGHES, W. V. HULBERT, MrS. CHARLES PRATT HuLL, HARRY W. HULL, IRVING W. HULL, ROBERT W. HULLHORST, DR. PAUL HuMISTON, DR. CHARLES E. JAN. 1929 HUNCKE, HERBERT S. HUNGERFORD, LOUIS S. HUNSCHE, FREDERICK Hunt, W. PRESCOTT, JR. HurpD, Harry B. HurpD, Max H. HURLEY, EDWARD N., JR. HURLEY, FRANK J. HUTCHINSON, A. H. HUTCHINSON, MrRs. C. L. HUTCHINSON, JOHN W. Hwass, LAuURITZ P. HyYAtTtT, ALBERT P. HYNES, DIBRELL IDELMAN, BERNARD ILIFF, GEORGE F. INGLESBY, THOMAS P. INGRAM, HAROLD S. INSULL, MARTIN J. IRALSON, Mrs. MOSES IRWIN, Miss RutH M. ISAACS, MARTIN J. ISAACS, MICHAEL H. IVERSON, RALPH H. JACKSON, JOHN B. JACKSON, Mrs. PLEDA H. JACKSON, W. H. JACKSON, WILLIAM F. JACOB, CHARLES W. JACOBI, HARRY JACOBS, Mrs. C. R. JACOBS, E. G. JACOBS, HARVEY F. JACOBS, Mrs. Howarp D. JACOBS, JULIUS JACOBS, NATE JACOBS, WALTER H. JACOBS, WHIPPLE JACOBSON, EGBERT G. JACOBSON, HARRY JACOBSON, RAPHAEL JAEGER, EDWARD W. JAEGERMANN, WILLIAM A. JAICKS, Mrs. STANLEY J. JAMES, CHARLES B. JAMES, HENRY D. JAMES, Mrs. RALPH H. JAMES, ROBERT E. JAMESON, CLARENCE W. JAMIESON, NORMAN R. JAMIESON, W. J. JAMPOLIS, Mrs. MARK JANATA, LOUIS J. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR JANDA, RUDOLPH JANOVSKY, THEODORE B. JAQUES, LouIS T. JARCHOW, ALFRED W. JARCHOW, CHARLES C. JAREMA, ALEXANDER L. JARVIS, WILLIAM B., SR. JEFFERSON, Mrs. THOMAS L. JEFFRIES, DR. DANIEL W. JENKS, PIERRE G. JENSEN, CARL F. JENSEN, GORM JERNBERG, C. EDGAR JERNBERG, CARL L. JESSUP,, THEODORE JIRMASEK, BOHUNIEL JIRSA, DR. OTTO J. JOHANIGMAN, STERLING E. JOHN, Dr. FINDLEY D. JOHNSON, B. W. JOHNSON, EMIL A. JOHNSON, EVAN JOHNSON, Mrs. HARLEY ALDEN JOHNSON, HENRY G. JOHNSON, JAMES C. JOHNSON, M. JOHNSON, MARTIN A. JOHNSON, NELS E. JOHNSON, ROSCOE H. JOHNSON, DR. WALTER W. JOHNSON, WILLIAM E. JOHNSTON, IRA B. JOHNSTON, MRS. JOHN A. JOHNSTON, JOHN R. JOHNSTON, ROBERT M. JOHNSTON, SAMUEL P. JOHNSTON, W. ROBERT JOHNSTONE, BALFOUR JONAS, DR. EMIL JONAS, S. D. JONES, ASHLEY OLIVER JONES, GEORGE HARVEY JONES, GEORGE R. JONES, Mrs. HOWARD A. JONES, J. HARRY, SR. JONES, JOHN H. JONES, MRS. JOHN SUTPHIN JONES, Mrs. Lucy ELOISE JONES, M. H. JONES, DR. MARGARET M. JONES, Mrs. MORGAN T. JONES, OWEN BARTON JONES, Mrs. ROSWELL N. JONES, VICTOR H. 585 586 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII JONES, WALTER CLYDE, JR. JOOST, MRS. WILLIAM H. JORDAN, MIss IRENE C. JORDAN, ORAN E. JORGENSEN, EMIL O. JORGESON, CHARLES M. JOSEPH, A. G. JOSEPH, ARTHUR W. JOSEPH, W. S. JOY, JAMES A. JOYCE, MARVIN BERNARD JOYCE, THOMAS F. JUDAH, Mrs. NOBLE BRANDON JUDD, CECIL W. JUDD, HARRY L. JUDD, Mrs. ROBERT AUGUSTINE JUDSON, CLAY JUDSON, F. C. JUDSON, RAYMOND T. JUERGENS, MIss ANNA JULIEN, VICTOR R. JUNKER, RICHARD A. KAEMPFER, FRED KAERCHER, ALBERT W. KAHN, ALBERT KAHN, DAVID KAHN, I. W. KAHN, Mrs. Louis KAHN, SIDNEY H. KAHNWEILER, ALEXANDER KAISER, MRS. SIDNEY KaAmpp, J. P. KANAVEL, DR. ALLEN B. KANDLE, Matt M. KANIES, Mrs. WILLIAM F. KANN, Max M. KANNALLY, M. V. KANTER, Miss ADELE KANTROW, LEO S. KAPLAN, DR. MAURICE I. KAPSA, LADISLAV A. KARALIUS, DR. A. J. KARPEN, S. KASCH, FREDERICK M. KASEHAGEN, FRED W. KASPAR, MRS. EUGENE W. Katz, MRS. S. KAUFMAN, DR. GUSTAV L. KAUMEYER, Mrs. E. A. KAYE, JOSEPH M. KEELER, EDWIN R. | KEELEY, Mrs. EUGENE M. KEENE, WILLIAM J. KeEIG, MARSHALL E. KELLEY, HARPER KELLEY, Mrs. HARPER KELLOGG, JAMES G. KELLOGG, LEROY D. KELLY; EDWARD T. KELLY, MRS. GEORGE KELLY, JOSEPH J. KEMP, PHILIP G. KEMPER, W. R. KENDRICK, W. S. KENNEDY, CLARENCE C. KENNEDY, JAMES F. KENNEDY, RALPH KENNY, DR. HENRY RANDAL KEOGH, GORDON E. KEPLINGER, W. A. KEPPNER, H. W. KERWIN, EDWARD M. KESLER, EDWARD C. KEYES, Mrs. ROLLIN A. KIDWELL, JAMES E. KILLINGER, GEORGE F. KIMBALL, T. WELLER KING, FRANK J. KING, FRANK O. KING, Hoyt KING, JOHN B. KINNEY, DR. WILLIAM B. KINSEY, ROBERT S. KIpp, CHARLES P. KIRKLEY, JAMES M. KITCHELL, HOWELL W. KIx MILLER, MRs. WILLIAM KLEIN, MRS. ALDEN J. KLEIN, ARTHUR F. KLEIN, Dr. DAVID KLEIN, H. S. KLEIN, MICHAEL B. KLEIN, PETER KLEINMAN, ALEXANDER KLEKAMP, BENARD R. KLENHA, JOSEPH Z. KLENHA, Mrs. JOSEPH Z. KLEPPINGER, Mrs. F. S. KLINE, Louis A. KLINE, R. R. KLINE, WILLIAM S. KLINER, JOHN F. KLOSTER, Mrs. ASBJORN KLOTZ, EDWARD C. KNAPP, DR. ERNEST L. KNIGHT, CHARLES S. KNIGHT, CHARLES Y. KNOBBE, JOHN W. KNODE, OLIVER M. JAN. 1929 KNUDSEN, HAROLD B. KoBICcCK, HENRY G. KocuH, PAUL W. Kocu, THOMAS W. KOcCHALE, MISS CLARA M. KOEHLER, H. A. KOENIG, FREDERICK A. KOENIG, GEORGE W. KogEnIic, Mrs. S. W. KOEPKE, E. E. KOEPKE, FRED J. KOHLER, G. A. E. KOHN, EMIL KOHN, OSCAR KOHOUT, JOSEPH, JR. KouR, ARTHUR G. KOLLAR, DR. JOHN A. KOLSTAD, ODIN T. KoMAR, MORRIS KOMAREK, A. W. KONKOWSKI, FRANK E. KONOPA, JOHN S. KONSBERG, ALVIN V. Koo.uisH, Mrs. A. L. Kopr, CHARLES W. KOopPTIK, ERNEST A. KORDENAT, DR. RALPH A. KORHUMEL, JOSEPH N. KoORSHAK, J. E. KoRTEN, Mrs. WILLIAM O. KoTIN, GEORGE N. Koucrky, Dr. J. D. KOVAC, STEFAN KOVOLOFF, DAN KOWALSKI, AUGUST J., JR. KOZAKIEWICZ, Dr. LEON P. KoOZICZYNSKI, DR. LUCIAN KRACKE, ARTHUR M. KRAEMER, OTTO C. KRAFFT, WALTER A. KRAFT, DR. OSCAR H. KRAKOW, OSCAR KRAMER, CLETUS F. KRANSTOVER, ALBERT H. KRAUSMAN, ARTHUR KREBS, CHARLES E. KREIN, EDWARD N. KRENSKyY, A. MorRRIS KREUSCHER, DR. PHILIP H. KREUZINGER, GEORGE W. KREUZKAMP, A. J. KRIEBEL, WARREN W. KRITCHEVSKY, WOLFF KROESEN, W. F. KRoprr, C. G. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR KUDNER, ARTHUR H. KUEHN, OSWALD L. KUH, EDWIN J. KuH, DR. SIDNEY KUHNS, JOSEPH H. KUNKA, BERNARD J. KUNSTADTER, A. KUNSTADTER, SIGMUND KUPPENHEIMER, MRs. J. KURATKO, FRANK J. KURTZ, GEORGE R. KYLE, MRS. ROBERT T. LaAcgey, Miss Epita# M. LACKNER, FRANCIS A. LAHANN, HERMAN C. LAING, EDWARD M. LAIRD, ROBERT S. LAKE, EDWARD LAMB, FRANK H. LAMB, FRANK J. LAMBERT, MRS. FRANK B. LAMONT, JOHN A. LANDECK, GEORGE LANDER, Mrs. LULU PAYTON LANDMAN, L. W. LANE, STEVEN M. LANG, CHARLES E. LANG, CHARLES E. LANGDON, BUEL A. LANGE, FRANK E. LANGERT, ABRAHAM M. LANGWORTHY, BENJAMIN F. LANIUS, JAMES C. LANSING, A. J. LANSINGER, Mrs. JOHN M. LARIMER, ROBERT S. LARNED, S. J. LARSEN, GUSTAVE R. LARSEN, MRs. OTIS R. LARSON, FRANK A. LARSON, GUSTAF E. LARSON, LOUIS P., JR. LARSON, SIMON P. LATHAM, CARL RAY LATHROP, FREDERICK A. LAUDER, ROBERT E. LAUTZ, WILLIAM H. LAVIDGE, ARTHUR W. LAVIN, JOSEPH P. LAw, M. A. LAWLESS, DR. THEODORE K. LAWRENCE, B. E. LAWRENCE, VICTOR E. LAWTON, SAMUEL T. 588 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII LAZERSON, ABRAHAM LEACH, GEORGE T. LEAVELL, JAMES R. LEAVITT, DR. SHELDON LEDERER, EMIL L. LEE, CARL LEE, ERNEST E. LEE, J. OWEN LEE, Mrs. JOSEPH EDGAR LEE, MorRIS LEE, Mrs. W. GEORGE LEEMON, HARRY C. LEES, WILLIAM LEETE, ROBERT S. LEFFEL, P. C. LEHMAN, ROBERT L. LEHMPUHL, HERMAN F. LEICHT, Mrs. ANDREW E. LEICHTMAN, Miss BERTHA LEIGH, EDWARD B. LEIGHT, EDWARD A. LEMAN, Mrs. W. T. LEMON, HARVEY B. LENFESTEY, Mrs. J. R. LENNOX, EDWIN LENZ, Mrs. GEORGE LEO, Dr. J. E. LEONARD, MRS. WILLIAM A. LEOPOLD, FOREMAN N. LEOPOLD, HAROLD E. LEOPOLD, MRS. NATHAN F. LESAGE, REV. JOHN J. LESLIE, JOHN WOODWARD LESTER, ALBERT G. LEVENS, W. S. LEVETT, DR. JOHN LEVEY, CLARENCE J. LEVI, DR. GERSON B. LEVI, MAURICE LEVIN, I. ARCHER LEVIN, LOUIS LEVINE, WILLIAM LEVINKIND, MORRIS LEVINSON, DR. BENJAMIN LEVINSON, SALMON O. LEVINSTEIN, EMANUEL H. LEVIS, JOHN M. LEVITAN, LOUIS LEVITETZ, NATHAN LEVY, HARRY H. LEVY, HENRY R. LEWIS, J. HENRY LEWIS, Mrs. R. H. LEWIS, MRS. WALKER O. LEYTZE, MRS. J. L’ HOMMEDIEU, ARTHUR L’HOMMEDIEU, CLARENCE H. LIBONATI, ROLAND V. LICHTENSTEIN, WALTER LIDDLE, CHARLES A. LiIpov, Mrs. SAMUEL J. LINDAHL, Mrs. EDWARD J. LINDBURG, Mrs. DELLA M. LINDEN, JOHN A. LINDHEIMER, ARTHUR J. LINDHEIMER, S. W. LINDSAY, WILLARD C. LINDSTROM, MISS ELIZABETH LINKER, MEYER LINKMAN, Lours B. LINN, ERICK N. LIPKIN, MAURICE S. LIPMAN, ABRAHAM LIPPERT, ALOYSIUS C. LIPPERT, DAVID LIPSEY, WILLIAM J. LIST, PAULUS LISTER, HAROLD R. LITHGOW, CHARLES H. LITTELL, C. Guy LITTLE, Mrs. CHARLES D. LITTLE, CHARLES G. LITTLE, JOHN G. LITZKOW, FRED W. LLEWELLYN, ARTHUR J. LLOYD, A. E. LOBDELL, HARRY H. LOCHNER, FREDERICK H. LOCKETT, OSWALD, JR. LODGE, FRED S. LOEB, ARTHUR A. LOEB, JACOB M. LOEB, Dr. LUDWIG M. LOEB, Mrs. NELLIE B. LOEBE, ABRAHAM LOEHR, KARL C. LOEHWING, MARX LOESCH, CHARLES F. LOESER, JOSEPH A. LOEWENHERZ, EMANUEL LOEWENSTEIN, EMANUEL LOEWENSTEIN, NATHAN LOGAN, FRANK G. LOGAN, FREDERIC D. LOMAX, WILLIAM L. LONDON, HARRY LONG, FRANK E. LORD, ROBERT O. LORENZ, FREDERICK A. LORENZ, MRS. GEORGE W. i eel JAN. 1929 LORENZEN, H. LOSZKIN, SERJE Lott, GUSTAV R. LOTKO, JOSEPH LOUGHBOROUGH, MRs. F. E. LOWENTHAL, LEO B. Lowry, Mrs. L. E. LOWRY, SAMUEL W. LOZINS, BERT Lucas, Dr. A. L. LUCE, HOMER J. LUDOLPH, WILBUR M. LUDWIG, WILLIAM F. LUEBBERT, WILLIAM C. LuM, MERRITT B. LUNDGREN, DR. A. T. Lust, Mrs. H. C. LUSTGARTEN, SAMUEL LUTZOW, FRED H. Lypston, Mrs. G. FRANK LYMAN, THOMAS T. Lyon, DR. WILL F. LYTLE, CLINTON W. MACARTHUR, FRED V. MacDOonaLbD, E. K. MACDONALD, Mrs. J. P. MacDoucGa.t, Miss ANNA G. MACFADDEN, WILLIAM MACFARLAND, Miss BELLE MACFARLANE, WILBERT E. MAcHARG, MALCOLM MACKELLAR, DR. JOHN D. MACKENZIE, MRs. G. S. MACKEY, FRANK J. MAcLEAN, Mrs. M. H. MacLeop, Dr. S. B. MACLELLAN, K. F. MacMurray, Mrs. D. MacMurray, JAMES E. MACNEILLE, Mrs. C. T. Mappock, Miss ALICE E. MADSEN, Mrs. T. E. MAEHLER, ARTHUR E. MAGER, EDWARD J. MAGILL, HENRY P. MAGNUS, EDWARD MAGNUS, PHILIP H. MAuHN, Miss S. AGNES MAIR, ROBERT MALEY, THOMAS E. MALTMAN, JAMES MANASTER, HENRY MANHEIMER, ARTHUR E. -MANIERRE, JOHN T. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR MANNING, Miss E. MANSFIELD, ALFRED W. MANSON, DAVID MARCHAL, ERNEST N. MARCO, ALBERT C. MARKS, ARNOLD K. MARKUS, JOSEPH E. MARSH, A. FLETCHER MARSH, GEORGE E. MARSH, JOHN MCWILLIAMS MARSH, ORLANDO R. MARSHALL, EDWARD MARSHALL, RAPHAEL P. MARTIN, Miss Lucy MARTIN, MELLEN C. MARTIN, Z. E. MARWIG, EDWARD R. MARXSEN, MISS DOROTHEA MARZLUFF, FRANK W. MASLAWSKY, ALEX S. MASON, FRED B. MASON, GEORGE, JR. MASSENA, Roy MASSMANN, FREDERICK H. MATHER, ORIAN A. MATHEWS, ALBERT MATHEWS, R. H. G. MATHISON, HOWARD G. MATSON, Mrs. J. EDWARD MATTER, MRs. JOHN MATTHEWS, FRANCIS E. MATTHIES, DR. MABEL M. MAURER, J. S. MAY, PAu O. May, SOL May, WILLIAM W. MAYER, FRANK MAYWALD, ELMER G. McALEAR, JAMES MCcALLISTER, M. HALL McARTHUR, DR. LEWIS L. MCCALE. Sock: McCann, D. McCANN, ROBERT L. McCARRELL, REV. W. McCartTHY, DONALD V. McCartTHY, GEORGE H. McCARTHY, JOHN W. McCarty, CHARLES H. McCau.Ley, Mrs. THOMAS N. MCCLAIN, DR. HARRIS W. MCCLELLAN, GEORGE W. MCLELLAND, Mrs. E. B. McCLuN, JOHN M. McCLurRE, DONALD 589 590 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VII McCLurgE,- D. T. McCoNNELL, G. MALCOLM McCONNELL, JOHN L. McCoNNELL, JOHN W. McCoRMAC, DAVID, SR. McCorMAck, J. W. McCormick, ALISTER H. McCoy, CHARLES S. McCreapy, Mrs. E. W. McDONALD, EDWARD McDONALD, Mrs. JOHN GRANT McDONALD, L. McDONALD, P. L. McDONALD, W. B. McDOUGAL, DAVID B. McDowELL, Miss Mary E. McCFADDEN, EVERETT R. MCFARLAND, MRs. ELLIS McCGARRY, JOHN A. McGinty, Miss ALIcE L. McGoorty, Hon. J. P. McGougcHu, 8. P. McGRATH, DR. JAMES G. MCGREGOR, JAMES P. McKay, HARRY H. McKay, Dr. N. B. McKEE, PHILIP L. McKesg, Mrs. WILLIAM L. McKIBBIN, Mrs. GEORGE B. McKNIGHT, WILLIAM M. McLAUGHLIN, DANIEL F. MCLAUGHLIN, FRANK L. McLAUGHLIN, DR. JAMES H. McLAUGHLIN, DR. JOHN W. McLaury, Mrs. C. W. McMauon, Mrs. JOHN McMANus, J. P. McMANwus, THOMAS J. McNAIR, FRANK McNAMARA, ROBERT C. McNERNY, MATHEW F. McCPHERSON, DONALD F. McQUARRIE, DR. JOHN K. MCSHANE, JAMES E. MEAD, E. ALLEN MEAD, HENRY C. A. MEDER, Mrs. LEONORA Z. MEEK, C. MEEKER, ARTHUR MEGAW, LLOYD F. MEGINNIS, Miss MAY MEHLHOP, F. W. MEINHARDT, HARRY MELAVEN, J. G. MELLANDER, PAUL C. MENGE, DR. FREDERICK MENTZER, J. P. MERCIL, ELMER J. MERSHIMER, DR. JAMES M. Metcorr, Dr. SAMUEL METTLER, Mrs. L. HARRISON MEYER, DANIEL A. MEYER, M. K. MEYER, RAYMOND N. MEYERS, Mrs. EDWARD F. MEYERS, ROBERT C. MICHAEL, EMIL P. MICHAELSON, C. S. MICHEL, DR. WILLIAM J. MILCHRIST, FRANK T. MILLER, BERNARD MILLER, CHARLES J. MILLER, MRS. CHARLES P. MILLER, EDWARD L. MILtER i Ae MILLER, Mrs. MARSHALL D. MILLER, DR. WILLIAM MILLER, WILLIAM S. MILLIGAN, S. K. MILLS, Mrs. HERBERT S., JR. MINSK, Dr. Louis. D. MiscH, Mrs. HARRY N. MISKELLA, WILLIAM J. MITCHELL, ABRAHAM MITCHELL, CLARENCE B. MITCHELL, Mrs. FREDERICK R. MITCHELL, DR. JAMES HERBERT MITCHELL, STRATTIS MODENE, OSCAR F. MOLDENHAUER, DR. WILLIAM J. Monaco, Dr. Donat F. MONILAW, DR. WILLIAM J. MONTGOMERY, DR. ALBERT H. MONTGOMERY, Mrs. F. H. MONTGOMERY, FREDERICK D. MONTGOMERY, JOHN R. MOooNEY, WILLIAM H. Moore, Dr. BEVERIDGE H. Moore, Mrs. C. B. MoorE, CHARLES BREARLEY Moores, DR. FRANK D. MoorE, FREDERICK W. Moore, Mrs. GEORGE PAGE Moors, JAMES H. Moore, Mrs. MAE C. Moores, NATHAN G. Moore, NoRTH Moore, Dr. WILLIS MOORMAN, Roy R. eT Diag Bora at GM OPN ih OL i : £ : i : | { JAN. 1929 MORGENTHAU, MRS. SIDNEY L. MORONEY, JOHN J. Morris, IRA NELSON Morris, DR. ROBERT W. MoRRISON, Mrs. C. R. MORRISON, THEODORE S. Morss, Mrs. CHARLES F. MoRSE, CLEVELAND Morsk, LELAND R. MORSMAN, JOSEPH J. Morton, Dr. EDWARD C. MoRTON, WILLIAM MORRIS MOSER, PAUL MOosEs, ERNEST C. Mowry, ROBERT D. MOYLAN, JOHN N. MUELLER, DR. E. W. MULFORD, Mrs. ARTHUR H. MULLEN, DR. M. C. MULLEN, TIMOTHY F. MULLIGAN, HUGH E. MULLIKEN, A. H. MULLIKEN, JOHN H. MULLIN, LAMBERT J. MurREEY, E. T. R. MuRpHY, J. P. . MUSGRAVE, DR. GEORGE J. MURRAY, ROBERT H. ; MurRRAY, Mrs. ROBERT H. MURTON, CRAWFORD B. MUSSELMAN, DR. GEORGE H. MYERS, EDWIN F. NABER, H. G. NABoRS, A. G. NACHTRIEB, CHARLES G. NAESS, SIGURD E. NAFFZ, Dr. E. F. NAFFz, Mrs. Louis E. NANCE, WILLIS D. NASH, JOHN S. NASH, PATRICK A. NATH, BERNARD NATHAN, Mrs. ARTHUR S. NAuv, OTTo F. NAYLOR, Miss MARJORIE VIRGINIA NEAL, THOMAS C. NEFF, W. A. NEISE, GEORGE N., SR. NELLIS, Mrs. FRANK E., JR. NELSON, A. GERHARD NELSON, ALVIN BE. NELSON, Miss Amy L. NELSON, BYRON NELSON, CHARLES M. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR NELSON, DONALD M. NELSON, MRs. G. NELSON, HAROLD F. NELSON, HORACE C. NELSON, Miss LILLIE H. NELSON, PETER B. NELSON, ROLAND B. NELSON, Mrs. WILLIAM D. NELSON, WILLIAM H. NEMIRO, Dr. A. F. NENNEMAN, WILLIAM T. NESBIT, WILLIAM NESSLER, ROBERT W. NEUBERGER, CARL A. NEVINS, JOHN C. NEWBERRY, Miss Mary L. NEWBURGER, J. M. NEWMAN, Mrs. JACOB NEWMANN, EDWARD R. NEWMARK, JOHN T. NEWTON, DONALD W. NICHOLES, DANIEL H. NICHOLS, Dr. H. NICHOLS, HENRY C. NICHOLS, WARREN NICKELSON, S. T. NICKERSON, J. F. NickeEy, D. E. NIMMONS, GEORGE C. NITKA, JESSE NOBLE, F. H. NOEE, GEORGE J. NORDHOLZ, DR. WILLIAM C. NORDQUIST, CHARLES W. NORMAN, DAN NoRRIS, EBEN H. NORTHAM, MARTIN KENT NORTHRUP, LORRY R. NorTON, Mrs. O. W. NOTHENBERG, DR. OSCAR J. NOTTOLI, FRANK G. NOURSE, FREDERICK W. NOVAK, FRANK H. Novak, DR. FRANK J., JR. NOVOTNY, EDWARD F. Novy, Dr. B. NEWTON NOWACZEK, FELIX S. NUGENT, DR. O. B. NUTTING, C. G. NUYTTENS, ALFRED A. NYVALL, DR. HARRY O. O’BRIEN, GEORGE W. O’BRIEN, M. J. O’BRIEN, QUIN O’BRIEN, W. L., JR. 591 592 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII O’BRIEN, WILBUR J. O’BrRYANT, Mrs. MARK O’CALLAGHAN, HENRY O’CONNOR, JAMES R. O’CoNNOR, MRS. JOHN O’CONNOR, JOSEPH W. O’ DONOVAN, DANIEL J. OHNEMUS, Mrs. ANTON O’KEEFFE, P. J. OLAFSSON, DR. O. J. OLDFIELD, DR. R. C. OLDS, MILFORD H. OLESON, DR. RICHARD BARTLETT OLIPHANT, MELVILLE J. OLIVER, ROYSTON OLMSTEAD, MRS. G. G. OLSEN, JOHN G. OLSEN, OLAF C.S. O’NBEILL, DR. JOHN W. OPDYKE, MRS. RUSSELL H. ORDON, DR. H. J. ORMSBY, MRS. FRANK E. OrR, MRS. WILLIAM GEORGE D. ORRICO, JOSEPH R. ORWIG, RALPH F. OSSENDORFF, DR. K. W. OSTERMANN, Mrs. R. M. Otis, Miss M. E. OTT, JOHN NASH OTTE, Hueco E. OTTMAN, E. H. OUDIN, FERDINAND PACKARD, DR. ROLLO K. PAcCZYNSKI, Mrs. Louis J. Pappock, DR. CHARLES E. PALMER, PROFESSOR CLAUDE IRWIN PALMER, J. M. PALMER, LOUIS O. PALMER, PERCIVAL B. PALMER, P. B., JR. PANESI, STEPHEN F. PARDEE, DR. L. C. Paris, W. M. PARKER, AUSTIN H. PARKER, Mrs. E. ROSCOE PARKER, GEORGE S. PARKER, NORMAN S. PARKS, J. W. PARKS, O. J. PARSONS, FERDINAND H. PARSONS, Mrs. THEODORE SAMUEL PARSONS, W. E. PATEK, EDWARD J. PATERSON, MORTON L. PATTERSON, ERNEST G. PATTERSON, J. H. PATTERSON, MIss MINNIE L. PATTON, DR. FRED P. PATTON, WALTER I. PAULDING, JOHN PAULEY, CLARENCE O. PEACOCK, CHARLES A. PEARL, ALLEN §S. PECK, MRS. CHARLES G. PECK, COLONEL ROBERT G. PEERLING, PAUL PEINE, ADOLPHUS G. PENCOCK, MRS. GEORGE A. PENNINGTON, FRANK K. PENTECOST, LEWIS J. PERCY, DR. NELSON MORTIMER PERRY, MRS. LESLIE L. PERRYMAN, Mrs. HATTIE S. PETERS, G. M. PETERSEN, Mrs. JuLius A. PETERSON, ALBERT PETERSON, Mrs. ANNA J. PETERSON, J. E. PETERSON, PERCIVAL C. PETERSON, THEODORE N. PETERSON, WILLIAM F. PEYRAUD, Mrs. FRANK C. PFLAGER, CHARLES W. PHELAN, CHARLES | PHELPS, Mrs. EDWARD J. PHELPS, ERASTUS R. PHILLIPS, HOWARD C. PICKARD, Mrs. W. A. PICKEL, WILLIAM PICKELL, J. RALPH PICKRELL, HARVEY PIERCE, RALPH S. PIERSON, ARTHUR W. PIGALL, MRs. JOSEPH S. PINE, WILLIAM J. PLACE, F. E. PLAMONDON, ALFRED D. PLATH, KARL PODELL, MRS. BEATRICE HAYES POEHLMANN, AUGUST F. POGUE, GEORGE N. PoLAKow, Louis M. POLLAK, C. J: POLLENZ, HENRY PomMERoY, Mrs. CHRISTINE POND, ALLEN B. POND, GEORGE F. Pops, S. AUSTIN PORONTO, HALSEY FE. ee = | Jan. 1929 PorRTER, HENRY M. PORTERFIELD, R. H. Portis, DR. BERNARD Portis, Dr. SIDNEY A. POSNER, HENRY Posson, F. E. Post, DR. WILBER E. PoTtteR, DR. HOLLIS E. POULTON, JOHN J. POWELL, Miss NELLIE POWELL, W. H. PRATT, THORNTON M. PREBLE, ANDREW C. PRENTICE, OLIVER J. PRENTISS, MRS. FRANK I. PRESCOTT, PATRICK B., JR. PRICE, DoRR C. PRINCE, Mrs. A. C. PRINDLE, JAMES H. PROCTOR, DR. ERNEST R. PRONGER, HERMAN F. PROSSER, H. G. PROTHEROE, DANIEL Pryor, MAURICE G. Pryor, Miss SHIRLEY K. PULLEN, EDWARD W. PULVER, ALBERT G. PULVER, HENRI PIERRE PULVER, HUGO PYTLIK, JOSEPH S. QUACKENBUSH, MR. SAMUEL H. QUALKINBUSH, MRs. E. QUALKINBUSH, E. Q. QUINLAN, Mrs. Roy QUINN, EDWARD J. RABER, FRANKLIN RADER, RECTOR ROSCOE RADFORD, Miss PHYLLIS RADFORD, Mrs. W. A., JR. RAFF, MRS. WILLIAM J. RAMER, GEORGE F. RANDALL, C. M. RANDALL, REV. EDWIN J. RANDLE, Guy D. RANKE, Miss EMILY RANKIN, Miss JESSIE H. RANNEY, Mrs. GEORGE A. RANSOM, ALBERT, JR. RAPAPORT, MorRIs W. RAPP, FRED G. Rapp, Leo E. Rapp, Mrs. Mary G. RASMUSSEN, FRANK ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 593 RATHJE, ARTHUR G. RATHJE, MRS. FRED C. RATHJE, MRS. JOSEPHINE L. RAvU, LAWRENCE F. RAULF, CARL A. Ray, Harry K. RAYMER, G. L. RAYMOND, CLIFFORD S. RAYMOND, EDWARDS FREDERIC RAYMOND, Mrs. Howarp D. READ, B. K. READ, R. G. REED, FORREST D. REED, RuFrus M. REESE, Mrs. C. HENNING REESE, MISS CATHERINE E. REEVE, FREDERICK E. REGENSBURG, JAMES REHM, HENRY J. REICH, AUGUST C. REID, P. GORDON REID, HuGH REIN, LESTER E. REINHARDT, Mrs. HENRY L. REISS, PAUL REMINGTON, DR. SHEPPARD RENN, ANDREW J. REQUA, WILLIAM B. REuss, GEORGE I. Rex, W. H. RIcg, F. M. Rick, Otto M. RIcH, KENNETH F. RICHARDS, GEORGE D. RICHARDS, H. A. RICHARDSON, HENRY R. RICHEY, EUGENE W. Rickey, L. D. RIDER, Mrs. W. B. RIDER, WILLIAM D. RIBL, G. A. Riees, Mrs. ELMER S. RING, Miss Mary E. RIPLEY, Mrs. E. P. RITCHIE, WILLIAM RoacH, Mrs. EDWARD A. ROANE, WARREN ROBBINS, Mrs. EDWARD E. ROBBINS, LAURENCE B. ROBERTS, FRANCIS R. ROBERTS, JESSE E. ROBINSON. CHARLES R. ROBINSON, DAVID A. ROBINSON, FRANK D. ROBINSON, R. V. 594 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPorRTs, VOL. VIL ROBINSON, W. SCOTT ROBUCK, Dr. S. V. ROCKWELL, THEODORE G. ROCKWOOD, FREDERICK T. RODEN, CARL B. RODEN, Miss MARION LOUISE ROEFER, HENRY A. | ROGERS, DR. DANIEL W. ROLLO, EGBERT ROLNICK, DR. HARRY C. ROODHOUSE, BENJAMIN T. ROONEY, HON. JOHN J. Root, JOHN W. Rose, E. E. Rosen, M. R. ROSENBAUM, EDWIN S. ROSENBAUM, MRS. EDWIN S. ROSENBAUM, JULIUS ROSENBERG, BERNHARD ROSENFELD, M. J. ROSENFELS, Miss EDNA D. ROSENFELS, IRWIN S. ROSENFIELD, MorrIs S. ROSENOW, MILTON C. ROSENSTEIN, JOSEPH ROSENTHAL, NATHAN H. ROSENTHAL, Mrs. RALPH J. Ross, FRANK A. Ross, Dr. L. J. Ross, WILLIAM A., JR. ROTH, ARTHUR J. RotTH, HENRY RotH, Mrs. LESTER ROTHSTEIN, Dr. THOR ROUNTREE, LINGARD T. ROUSSIN, ALFRED G. ROWE, CHARLES B. ROWELL, Dr. L. W. ROWLES, E. W. A. Roy, Mrs. ERVIN L. ROYER, H. G. RuBIN, JOSEPH E. Rup, Mrs. ANTHONY RUDOLPH, Miss BERTHA RUETTINGER, J. C. RUGGLES, HARRY KENNETH RUGGLES, DR. WILLIAM L. RUSSELL, JOHN A. RUTHERFORD, M. D. RYAN, THOMAS C. SABATH, ISIDOR SABATH, HON. JOSEPH SACHS, PAUL J. SACHS, PHILIP G. SACKETT, Mrs. Homer S. SACKLEY, MRS. JOHN B. SAGE, Mrs. WILLIAM SALINGER, HARRY SALK, MRS. JACOB SALSMAN, Mrs. ALICE K. SALTIEL, DR. THOMAS P. SALTZSTEIN, FELIX C. SALZMAN, MAx J. SAMPLE, Mrs. JOHN GLEN SAMPSON, H. J. SAMPSON, JAMES SAMPSON, DR. S. SANDBERG, Mrs. Harry S. SANDEL, Mrs. S. SANBORN, FRANK A. SANDERS, H. A. SANDIDGE, Miss DAISy SANDS, Mrs. FRANCES B. SANDS, Mrs. HENRY SARTAIN, CHARLES A. SAUER, DR. RAYMOND J. SAUERMAN, JOHN A. SAUNDERS, PERCY G. SAWYER, DR. C. F. SAWYER, EDWIN M. SAWYER, Mrs. PERCY SCHAAR, BERNARD E. SCHAFER, O. J. SCHAFFNER, Mrs. ALBERT SCHAFFNER, ARTHUR B. SCHAFFNER, HERBERT T. SCHANTZ, O. M. SCHAPIRO, A. L. SCHAUS, CARL J. SCHIESSLE, M. SCHILLING, W. O. SCHMIDT, ADOLPH SCHMIDT, ERNEST A. SCHMIDT, ERNEST E. SCHMIDT, DR. HERBERT J. SCHMIDT, Mrs. OTTO G. SCHMIDT, DR. OTTO L. SCHMIDT, PAUL J. SCHMIDT, RICHARD E. SCHNEIDER, BENJAMIN B. SCHNEIDER, GEORGE A. SCHNIGLAU, CHARLES H. SCHNUCHEL, REINHOLD H. SCHOEN, F. J. SCHOENBRUN, LEO SCHOENING, HERMAN M. SCHOEPFLE, Mrs. MARTIN SCHRAM, HARRY S. SCHROEDER, Dr. MARY G. ste PR enc crn A NIE TS eA le wnat tia ninncec cals ae anal JAN. 1929 SCHROEDER, P. A. SCHULTZ, DR. OSCAR T. SCHULZE, PAUL, SR. SCHUPP, PHILIP C. SCHWAB, DR. LESLIE W. SCHWAB, MARTIN SCHWABACHER, MrS. MorRRIS SCHWAEGERMAN, MRS. GEORGE J. SCHWAGER, DR. IRVING SCHWARTZ, G. A. SCHWARTZ, LOUIS S. SCHWARZ, AUGUST SCHWEITZER, E. O. SCHWEITZER, RICHARD J. SCHWEITZER, SAMUEL SCHWEIZER, CARL SCOFIELD, TIMOTHY J. Scott, Dr. E. NEWTON Scott, Dr. JAMES McDONALD Scott, JOHN D. Scott, DR. WALTER DILL SCUDDER, J. ARNOLD SEAQUIST, Mrs. SETH SEATON, STROWBRIDGE B. SEAVERNS, GEORGE A. SEAVERNS, LOUIS C. SEIBOLD, ARTHUR B. SEIDEL, G. W. SEIDSCHER, JACOB SEIP, FRED SELZ, EMANUEL SELZ, Mrs. J. HARRY SENBAR, DR. F. E. SENIOR, MRS. JOHN L. SENNE, JOHN A. SETHNESS, C. HENRY SETHNESS, CHARLES O. SExTON, Mrs. THOMAS G. SEYFFERT, L. SHAFFER, HARRY SHANAHAN, DAVID E. SHANESY, RALPH D. SHANESY, Mrs. RALPH D. SHANKS, OSCAR SHANNON, REV. FREDERICK F. SHANNON, NEIL J. SHAPIRO, DR. HYMAN B. SHAPIRO, I. M. SHAPIRO, J. F. SHATTUCK, CHARLES H. SHAW, A. W. SHAW, JOSEPH J. SHEAFE, J. S. SHEARMAN, C. E. SHEDD, CHARLES E. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 595 SHEPARD, Guy C. SHEPARD, STUART G. SHEPHERD, MISS EDYTHE T. SHERBAHN, JACOB M. SHERER, SAMUEL J. SHERIDAN, L. J. SHERMAN, EDWIN SHERMAN, MRs. FRANCIS C., Sr. SHERMAN, H. C. SHERMAN, LOUIS A. SHERWIN, WILLIAM A. SHIPLEY, DR. CARL V. SHIPMAN, GEORGE E. SHOAN, NELS SHOOP, Mrs. LUCILE HUNTINGTON SHORES, DR. CLARENCE E. SHOREY, CLYDE E. SHORTALL, JOHN L. SHOTWELL, ALFRED H. SHUESLER, CHARLES R. SIEVERS, WILLIAM H. SILBER, C. J. SILBERMAN, A. SILVERBERG, WILLIAM SILVERMAN, JOSEPH SIMMONDS, DR. WALTER E. SIMMONS, PARKE E. SIMONS, Mrs. V. D., Jr. SIMPSON, DR. ELMER E. SINDING, JOHN W. SINGLETON, Mrs. CHARLES J. SINSHEIMER, BENJAMIN SIPPEL, Mrs. CORNELIUS SISSON, O. U. SITZER, DR. GRACE POWELL SKINNER, MISS FREDERIKA Sxoc, Mrs. LuDvIG SLADE, ALFRED SLADE, JOHN C. SLATEN, MRS. FREDERICK A. SLAVIK, WILLIAM SMEJKAL, DR. HARRY J. SMITH, C. F. MATHER SMITH, Mrs. C. R. SMITH, CHARLES L. SMITH, D. D. SMITH, Mrs. EDWARD E. SMITH, Mrs. EDWIN SMITH, FREDERICK W. SMITH, GILBERT M. SMITH, GLEN E. SMITH, DR. HERMAN SMITH, JOSEPH C. Sm1tH, Miss MAry RozetT SMITH, O. JAY 596 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VoL. VII SMITH, PAISHE B. SMITH, REYNOLDS S. SMITH, S. W. SMITH, WALTER M. SMITH, WILLIAM D. SNOW, FRED A. SNYDER, ERWIN P. SNYDER, THOMAS D. SOARES, PROFESSOR THEODORE G. SOLLE, WILL H. SOLLITT, RALPH T. SOMERVILLE, THOMAS A. SOMMER, Mrs. ALFRED N. SOMMERS, WERNER H. Soper, Mrs. J. P., Jr. SOPER, THOMAS SORLEY, Mrs. MILFoRD S. SPADES, M. H. SPEER, HENRY D. SPENSLEY, H. GEORGE SPIEGEL, M. J., JR. SPIEGEL, Mrs. MAE O. SPIEGEL, PHILIP SPIEGLER, FRANK F. SPIESBERGER, H. T SPIETH, W. S. Spitz, LEO SPIVEK, HERMAN SPOHN, JOHN F. SPOHR, FRANK M. SPRY, GEORGE STAFFORD, CHARLES W. STALEY, Miss Mary B. STALLA, KARL STALLWOOD, S. C. STANTON, C. N. STANTON, Dr. E. M. STANTON, HENRY T. STANTON, HOWARD B. STARR, DR. PAUL STARRETT, JAMES W. STEARNS, FRED STECHER, WALTER R. STEELE, LEo M. STEELE, SIDNEY J. STEFFENSEN, SIGURD STEIN, Mrs. ADOLPH STEIN, Dr. OTTO J. STEIN, Mrs. S. SIDNEY STEINBERG, SAMUEL E. STEINER, MAX STEINFELDT, DR. C. R.. STEINHOFF, CARROLL F. STEINSON, HENRY G. STENSON, FRANK R. STEPHEN, EDWARD I. STEPHENSON, SAMUEL G. STERLING, DOUGLAS T. STERN, FELIX STERN, MRS. HERBERT L. STERN, JACOB S. STERNBERG, MORRIS STEVENS, ERNEST STEVENSON, JAMES R. D. STEWART, GEORGE R. STEWART, S. CHANDLER STEWART, WILLIAM STOBBE, PAUL D. STOCKDALE, E. C. STOCKTON, A. C. STOCKTON, Mrs. JOHN THAW STOCKTON, Miss JOSEPHINE STODDART, CHARLES H. STOELTING, C. H. STOLL, Mrs. JOHN O. STONE, Mrs. JAcoB §S. STORKAN, MRS. JAMES STORMS, MRs. JoHN D. STRATEN, Dr. HUBERT J. STRAUS, ARTHUR W. STRAUS, ELI M. STRAUSS, DR. ALFRED A. STRAUSS, EDGAR L. STRAUSS, JESSE L. STRAUSS, JOSEPH L. STRAUSS, JULIUS STRAUSS, Mrs. LEE J. STRAWN, TAYLOR STREET, CHARLES L. STREET, EDWARD P. STRIGL, Bac: STRINGER, A. E. STRINGER, JOHN T. STROM, ARTHUR B. STRONG, GORDON STRONG, Dr. L. WILLIS STUART, ALEXANDER STUART, CHARLES W. STUBENRAUCH, WILLIAM F. STUMES, CHARLES B. STURLA, HARRY L. STURMAN, M. ROBERT SULLIVAN, CHARLES H. SUBLETTE, Mrs. OSCAR H. SULLIVAN, FRANK R. SULLIVAN, GREY SULLIVAN, MICHAEL J. SULLIVAN, Mrs. PAUL D. SULLIVAN, MRS. WALTER J. SULZBERGER, S. L. JAN. 1929 SUMERFIELD, EDWARD C. SuUMMY, CLAYTON F. SUNDELL, ERNEST W. SUNDLOF, F. W. SUTHARD, JAMES SUTTON, JOHN M. SVOBODA, FRANK A. SWATEK, Dr. EDWIN PAUL SwiFt, Mrs. ALDEN B. SwIiFt, T. PHILIP SZMERGALSKI, THEODORE J. TAFT, ROBERT H. TANKERSLEY, J. N. TASH, J. DONALD TATGE, MRS. GUSTAVUS J. TATGE, Mrs. PAUL W. TAULBEE, Mrs. KATHERINE H. TAYLOR, MRS. EUGENE S. TAYLOR, FRANK F. TAYLOR, GRAHAM TAYLOR, L. S. TAYLOR, M. B. TAYLOR, Mrs. O. L. TEAGLE, E. W. TECKEMEYER, A. O. TEEVAN, JOHN C. TEGTMEYER, ERNEST F. TRICH, MAX L. TELLER, GEORGE L. TEMPLETON, ANDREW TENHAAGEN, JEAN E. TENNEY, HENRY F. TERPNING, B. E. TERRY, DR. C. Roy TERRY, MRs. SCHUYLER B. TERWILLIGER, Miss LOUISE E. THACHER, Mrs. F. B. THAL, MISs ELSIE THARALDSEN, Mrs. H. I. THATCHER, EVERETT A. THAYER, HARRY W. THIEBEAULT, CHARLES J., JR. THOM, H. C. THOMAS, CHARLES F. THOMAS, Mrs. EDWARD W. THOMAS, REV. GEORGE H. THOMAS, RICHARD H., JR. THOMAS, Roy K. THOMAS, DR. WALTER N. THOMPSON, MRS. JOHN R., SR. THOMPSON, LAVERN W. THOMPSON, ORVILLE W. THOMSON, Mrs. CHARLES M. THOMSON, GEORGE W. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR THOMSON, JAMES THROOP, GEORGE ENOS TIEDEBOHL, EDWARD R. TIEKEN, DR. THEODORE TieRS, Louis P. TILDEN, AVERILL TIMBERMAN, ALBERT R. TINSLEY, Mrs. WILLIAM TIPPETT, WILLIAM M. TITTERINGTON, MISS SUSAN E. TOBIN, Mrs. C. P. Topp, A. . TONK, PERCY A. TORRISON, DR. GEORGE A. TOWNER, H. C. TRACY, GEORGE W. TRAMEL, FORSYTH TRESCOTT, WILLIAM S. TRIGGS, CHARLES W. TROTZKEY, ELIAS L. TROUP, PAUL V. Troy, LEO J. TRUC, WALTER TRUDE, Mrs. A. S. TRUMAN, PERCIVAL H. TRUMBULL, Miss FLORENCE TUBERGEN, MRS. BENJAMIN F. TUCKER, DR. GEORGE W. TUFTS, PROFESSOR JAMES H. TURNBULL, WILLIAM J. TURNER, GEORGE TURNER, MRS. GEORGE T. TURNER, MARSHALL S. TUTHILL, JAMES B. TUTHILL, RICHARD S. TUTTLE, CHARLES TUTTLE, W. F. TWYMAN, ROBERT J. TYE, FRANK E. TYLER, ALFRED C. TYRRELL, FRANK J. UHLEMANN, WILLIAM R. UHLIR, JOSEPH Z. ULAND, EDWIN L. ULLMAN, MRS. N. J. -UNGARO, GERALD M. UNGRICH, Mrs. HENRY, JR. UPDIKE, FRED P. URBANSKI, AUGUST G. URHEIM, Dr. O. J. UTLEY, GEORGE B. UTTER, ARTHUR J. 597 VAIL, Mrs. G. B. VANBUREN, G. B. VANBUREN, Mrs. MILDRED VANCE, WALTER N. VANDELLEN, DR. R. L. VANDEURSEN, JOHN S. VANDorRT, G. BROES VANEsso, Mrs. MEYER A. VANHOOSEN, DR. BERTHA VANSCHAICK, Mrs. ETHEL R. VANSCHAICK, Miss MARY MorRIS VARTY; 12.°G: VAUGHAN, ROGER T. VAUGHN, A. M. VEATCH, BYRON E. VEHE, Dr. K. L. VENARD, MRS. GEORGE C. VENDENBROECKE, MRS. CARL VERNON, HARVEY C. VICKERY, Miss MABEL S. VILAS, Mrs. GEORGE B. VILAS, LAWRENCE H. VINTON, MRS. GERTRUDE J. VOGLESON, Mrs. E. M. VOLK, CARL B. VOLK, PAUL VOLTZ, DANIEL W. VOORHEES, JAMES M. WADSWORTH, CHARLES WAGNER, MISS COLETTA M. WAGNER, EDWIN L. WAGNER, H. D. WAGNER, Miss MABEL M. WAGNER, RICHARD WAHL, ALBERT WAITE, Mrs. C. B. WAITE, Miss MURIEL W. WALBORN, MISS ZENA WaALcoTT, Mrs. R. S. WALDECK, HERMAN WALDO, DR. PROCTOR C. WALDRON, JOHN C. WALDSCHMIDT, WILLIAM K. WALKER, BARTON F. WALKER, Miss EpitH M. WALKER, JAMES R. WALKER, DR. JAMES W. WALLACE, MRS. DAVID WALLER, Miss KATHERINE WALSH, MARTIN WALSH, Miss MARY WALSH, DR. THOMAS F. P. WALSH, Dr. THOMAS G. WALTON, Dr. B. C. 598 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VII WALTON, LYMAN A. WARREN, ALLYN D. WARREN, MRS. FRANK WARREN, WILLIAM G. WASHBURN, DR. JAMES MURRAY WASHBURNE, Mrs. HEMPSTEAD WATERS, R. T. WATKINS, FRANK A. WATKINS, FREDERICK A. WATKINS, JESSE M. WATSON, LEO M. WATSON, R. G. WAUGH, WILLIAM FRANCIS WEAKLY, F. B. WEARY, EDWIN D. WEBB, MRS. MARTHA WEBB, Mrs. THOMAS J. WEBER, DR. SAMUEL L. WEBSTER, CHARLES R. WEBSTER, EDGAR CONVERSE WEBSTER, DR. EDGAR M. WEBSTER, TOWNER K., JR. WEDDELL, JOHN WEGG, DONALD R. WEICHBRODT, RUDOLPH C. WEIGEN, Dr. ANDERS J. WEIL, Mrs. VICTOR WEINBERG, JACOB S. WEINSTEIN, Dr. M. L. WEINTROUB, BENJAMIN WEISBACH, JOHN G. WEISL, E. L. WeEIss, Mrs. A. J. WEIsS, SAMUEL H. WEISSBRENNER, DR. R. F. WEISZ, Mrs. CHARLES W. WELCH, DR. JOHN T. WELLES, Mrs. EDWARD KENNETH WELLS, DR. H. GIDEON WENTWORTH, JOHN WERMUTH, DR. ARTHUR W. WERMUTH, W. C. WEsScoTT, Dr. CAssiIus D. WEST, FREDERICK T. WESTBROOK, Mrs. E. S. WESTBROOK, IRA E. WESTMAN, EDWARD C. WESTON, CHARLES V. WESTPHAL, Miss MAry E. WESTRICH, Mrs. F. A. WHAMOND, Dr. ALEX A. WHAMOND, DR. FREDERICK G. WHATLEY, S. T. WHEELER, SEYMOUR WHEELOCK, W. W. JAN. 1929 WHISE, DR. MELCHIOR WHITE, EDWARD S. WHITE, GEORGE H. WHITE, JAMES E. WHITE, Mrs. LINN WHITE, RICHARD T. WHITEHEAD, W. M. WHITING, ROBERT B. WHITNEY, CHARLES P. WHITNEY, Dr. HENRY S. WICKS, JAMES E. WIELAND, MRS. GEORGE C. ' WIENER, MILTON L. WIERSMA, ASA WIKOFF, Miss Mary Betty WILBORN, CHARLES WILBUR, FRED T. WILCE, GEORGE C. WILD, A. CLEMENT WILD, PAYSON S. WILD, RICHARD WILDER, Mrs. HAROLD WILDER, Mrs. LOREN WILDER, Mrs. T. E. WILEY, EDWARD N. WILKES, C. H. WILKEY, FRED S. WILLETT, ALBERT V. WILLETTS, GEORGE M. WILLIAMS, C. ARCH WILLIAMS, CHAUNCEY V. WILLIAMS, CLIFFORD H. WILLIAMS, Dr. E. B. WILLIAMS, Mrs. EUGENE P. WILLIAMS, Mrs. F. L. WILLIAMS, GAAR WILLIAMS, Mrs. LAWRENCE WILLIAMS, LYNN A. WILLIAMS, Dr. RICHARD A. WILLIAMSON, D. WILSON, ARTHUR R. WILSON, MIss CAROLYN _ WILSON, GEORGE LANDIS WILSON, Lucius E. WILSON, M. H. WILSON, PERCIVAL C. WILSON, ROBERT C. WILSON, WILLIAM G. WINDES, Mrs. FRANK A. WINDMULLER, S. W. WING, JOHN E. WINSLOW, CHARLES S. WINSTON, BERTRAM M. WINTER, I. WINTERBOTHAM, JOHN R. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 599 WINTERBOTHAM, MRS. JOHN R., JR. WISE, Mrs. HAROLD WITHERBEE, W. E. WITHERS, ALLEN L. WITKOWSKY, Miss ESTHER WITKOWSKY, JAMES WOLBACH, MURRAY WOLF, ROBERT N. WOLFE, WILLIAM C. WOLFF, CHRISTIAN J. WoLrr, Mrs. FRED H. WOLFF, GEORGE F. Woop, DONALD Woop, HAROLD L. Woop, JAMES O. Woop, JOHN H. Woopcock, ANDREW J. WOODMANSEE, FAY WooDs, EDWARD G. Woops, FRED W. WOODWARD, WILLIAM WoopDyYATT, Dr. ROLLIN TURNER WOOL, ISRAEL W. Woo Lr, Mrs. OLGA WORDEL, WILLIAM F. WORSLEY, A. A. WORTHLEY, WALLACE F. WRAY, DON C. WRAY, MRs. JAMES G. WRIGHT, H. C. WRIGHT, DR. JAMES A. WRIGHT, MRS. WARREN WRIGHT, WILLIAM WRISLEY, GEORGE A. Wry, C. E. WUNDERLB, H. O. WYNEKEN, Mrs. ANNIE J. YAVITZ, JOSEPH T. YEAKEL, DR. WILLIAM K. YEOMANS, CHARLES YocuM, REUBEN E. YOUNG, GEORGE W. YOUNG, JAMES W. YOUNG, JOSEPH W. YOUNGBERG, ARTHUR C. YOUNGLOVE, JAMES C. YOUNKER, A. YUENGER, H. T. ZEITZ, ANDREW R. ZENOS, REV. ANDREW C. ZEUCH, DR. Lucius P. ZEUCH, MRS. WILLIAM ZIFF, PETER ZIMMERMAN, RALPH W. ZOELCK, MRS. FRANK ADAMS, DAVID T. BARNARD, HARRY BARNES, CARL L. BETTELHEIM, BERT Bovik, Mrs. ANNA BURNHAM, CLAUDE G. CLARK, MANCEL T. GROOME, RICHARD L. GUGGENHEIM, §. HUGHES, DR. WILLIAM T. JONES, JOHN S. JONES, JOHN H. JOSEPH, MORRIS DECEASED, 600 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VII ZOLLA, ABNER M. ZOLLA, DAVID M. ZUCKER, W. J. 1928 KINSEY, LouIs A. KLEE, MAx LINDHEIMER, JACOB LONGHI, EMILIO MANSON, Mrs. DAVID McCARTHY, FRANK M. MULDOON, JOHN A. RAYMOND, MRS. JAMES H. RITTENHOUSE, Mrs. MOSEs F. ROACH, WILLIAM J. RupD, Dr. ANTHONY WALLER, A. RAWSON WESTERFIELD, HENRY 8S. ZOLLER, |; Fea = i ii Bert ia cs he . igs TRB: Eerie ey Y: ch va aerate ee Sener eae 3 5 ER, = ae q ot , ee f, ca Nee Miegied wea ; “ae” ‘s im aa see ike, ; = Bn Ie Wy a Ht ty Mire eset Se” Se naa at aif’ i ae Seti we atl , we “% a, ae BEI ine Ms Are Se Ate at Mae prot Ai ine oh » gh Be ir Fa Pa Bellies ae WM nnae | il i | a | Akt . ne barra ait iia i ML a, Aue ae | | | =H fy ae aeiea 2 iad See etar a =a ED Sth») cj ha eb as pee De 9 aNt SLANE 4g “o eS Pres, i hole oe Se ene raat Tp -D a oe pees AGERE once — Fa rant, EC Re pervs, es aca) wea! a y 30 y ep OLS Te =~ men = aca A pe — unl aT HOT ot NFU pe MING TOM ee” Shey gui a ae “> — i see Neos a “ P j BS aad INCas ett oA Dear ee ey att % NG th eels Pisa net Oi oa bes Ose ty Ml Sea ‘ : yi ‘ it ee pb pres, § 5 Ogi i : . ¥ ? ‘ f ‘ wp we f b ; , PL wal ; P34 ri ay ae | , SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES INL i : eed a ee * t | : : ; Arf oH é : , . » ' | f ‘ ee F Pe ; . ‘ ert ; | ( - . “| ase) ‘ 1 3 oy aah Brn at : , | ibd toa rei " j 1 ian ‘: Pst ee bee | i oi ; t os : , A | Har F a 7 | i F . o