es pus ey wa! ; at oe Ai Py japon a * Mt 4 ey a iy f A i ee Se i, oo ety cae fi ae ‘ rt Sah we mit ‘i ) ; cy vi ae Oa SORTA UCAN UH RAS rN stat” iy » hie a2 Ms aiett vet “ i iy mi reta in ay" ai aa lie . oes hla! ph . ok : w : " sy f aye 5 f sh bear Ms yt, Aun ae tea gitsn: eins i Cs iy ay i] ey athe ne i eiytaty al ; a ee ae ‘Shae tit Nd aS ie | Pt te bai a ae 9 = t gees ss ies ? = ‘ Za £ RE es = : oe Bat ait oon pies yates Wee i a i ae iy we A ey i ee one a Miah) Ween me Yeap: ge ap ta Ba ns ath hee sei a8 a cheat uke Ue ull iy! ‘ ye: oh iy me te cee ae i “nee 23" — ei oes 5 th us J : crt aR ‘ A / Ne Rr a Pe ur aie Mea en " at i RT ta Oe ie x AA (nie RS RST ai qi & quit we RS GA : my Wants swith he Ati a ine k Mes ih \ a Ma a at Wl ai ‘ames i ae yy ey me in ae alualhanaiat One. Ae EB Giant Bi idals Be 4 Py % Mw tn 4 ¥ + ete da ; ig a ;. cr att ay oe "4 rs LAC ; ne slntdate fy! + H cyte ree ee oa j is, iphigittae if ee ime sai her par “elie bats Sete ry see im hg RTA Wy, anaes! F, ts) toe t ae my? he eas ue, o ov Re ee if BA aye 4 ie i? et Tes. ; 19 Hs lls A aity ee es iat uh yl Vpbq its e piles tah are: ati y ASM ee Ree: eas db y, Abay 4 nig tit Mag ais oe at an ” Mya Ne LY a sgt! a es Mag! He Bi , mii set ot has ee Vote IY ath, dada San ie il Ih das Ah Ped aya'e 2 aah 8 ake a ae ant planers st) ’ nage te ea i ce i Bias Anite ek ‘s as : . vatiee Leah a : ee . iin es eth i wh et i ee 3 iret is! at “Ht yd aster siti ‘tie ey wah fi Ve o : at ith abbas Vea Pears es, wd, ; a ¥ oe ea 1h : Pan dt ih gs ae ae fray \? mae i On a co Li arahc ict Pr ab ot Maida ite Ratan, oe ote god ‘ bate ee fre G an ‘ f ROO ae ASA AL Baan ‘ Phen Ahh < 1 rey ii i ae divy net ave, Jae 4 oY oy ‘at fa cay a ee “4 i j ie eit eae ae ieee | aS md ql og” “agi “> N se | al Hn he ul I iid Ay ripeun “Ay | « ¥ a ' it | j | ye 6 | “afte Mh || fl mots woe, ALBANY: FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY, Condition of the State dean oF, NATURAL HISTORY, AND THE HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION. ANNEXED THERETO. Made to the Senate, January 14, 1851. ALBANY: CHARLES VAN BENTHUYSEN, PRINTER TO THE LEGISLATURE, 407 Broadway. ean) Ae DR Be! ‘ ort note + - oF all } £, — nating eae y ‘ “1 \ ' . m ¢ i ‘2 i , - , Ai i ’ eyire ae Se * | SMM A De , Ce : cs , : CUETT ALOIS GEO) Bm A PLL I Yah a hanat® (0b . : ied he i : ay 4 BE Pe iy ' ro : %. ah ‘ ; F . dad 4p) ; - hee ne Le) oe a State of New=-work. No. 39. IN SENATE, JAN, 14, [801 Lipencittnn Reeth, 5 a a ta Ye > a 6) ¥ > 3% wa || a ae a + A ys FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT “*~2:i:ro1% Of the Regents of the University, on the condition of - the State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Histori- cal and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto. To tHe Hon. Sanrorp E. Cuurcu, | President of the Senate : Sir—I have the honor to transmit the Annual Report of the Regents of the University on the State Cabinet of Natural His- tory, and on the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto. I am, very respectfully, Your obedient servant, G. Y. LANSING, Chancellor. [Senate, No. 30.] 1 [u.n.&1000R. | we OW i‘ ” wb imi ane wre i \ ‘ ape" tn taT ae ¥ > 1? by We - ? x r - Mins . Rg ad NY tl \ mh % i alah. a % te 's Pa) 7 - _ Bek ete: acc tora a Wa ah uns io: moish rae Ke. oetiae saorut ot ‘to whey sinctel FL oath Deca quoteilt Leiria’ Lo 3 snide! aM steno hoxasenb (roth: salle rein phe, ‘ eteia deat ae oxi Lia, quilt ® yeaetaS, / anise tu Taxi hada A. oxtt Hiccuselie enh eerie ER tT Ceri welded obit a) Mi yninnevinal Oe herune cotiestlo® nebtan pihus, funy, Fenitadeklhn Ui ooqeat yon amet taavie larthede viet CAVAd 4 BR nye bharypiand.) | | ‘ 4a ad . Pekin : y wa! t | OF ne " ool ro 7 ‘ A ene 4 : REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY. @ Wasuineton Hunt, Governor, ex officio. Sanrorp E. Cuurcu, Lieut. Governor, ex officio. CurisTOPHER Morean, Secretary of State, ex officio. Gerrit Y. Lansine, Chancellor. Joun Greig, Vice Chancellor. Guan C. Verpianck, LL. D. Joun K. Paice. Erastus Cornine. Prosper M. Wermore. Joun L. GRAHAM. Joun McLean. Giprton Hawtey, LL. D. Davip Buet. James 8. WADSWORTH. Joun V. L. Pruyn. JaBEz D. Hammonp, LL. D. Joun L. O’SuLLIVAN. Rosert CAMPBELL. Rev. Samueu Luckey, D. D. Rosert G. RANKIN. Puitie 8S. Van RENSSELAER. (One vacancy.) T. Romeyn Becx, Secretary. JoHN GEBHARD, Jr., Curator of the “State Cabinet of Natural History.” t i aiceit s We eas) « rs ? ’ ¥ : ne 7" f Jalan ro “4 art » eo ery rey’ arta mig) 1634.7 Ee $i aN ae i 4 hi sel ; rt . ‘ * ite Me pels hein ae qiatevined gv we gubh 1 fii wraabatiene ae is i) ioliganad) arian me ee 1) Ga . Ofer ne 1) oni V goer ee a . Gd aoe ncat A mare rt? a | “A oat a eo ‘ : | | «of Pea | peanateeg et | ore W Ue waenc acd, at i. ely ; ‘winend ol cele oe | \ | . ee | ve ils i a, BA me © ¢ Phi walt, acres uy Me J Bs or eh) , iA - ae orcad) aia . ait Owen ¥ a areal if an cS Tas “road a ST eat | ye AD SL doeasH .F sea os r, i, ‘ ; , 4 7 ~ ? at Oe | | were? boa By ens 2 | ee ater raaeolh, At. otewoul aaowaR alt Pe Sol wre AR a) verano be | eateeeead wa 18 ocr) o 4 ; : - by aol my (.~ortaoet oaQ) * a ee ake ween b a | ; a Bah. aL cms) Knot | tt een [| Csvacedoo At o tagthtat) otnin » ‘od 9 yt aD “ STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE REGENTS Specially charged with the care of the State Cabinet. 1850. HAMILTON FISH, Governor. CHRISTOPHER MORGAN, Secretary of State. ERASTUS CORNING. JOHN V. L. PRUYN. ROBERT G. RANKIN. duit? aol, wm, lO eee ae Hii, wana * * | Mh ie ro ee ‘ fy , , ' ae ‘7 dy 4 i ay ‘uh mF sf yaert D ’ i ’ v iat 4 fer i My ; , 4. « y ATA a? m1 aT ; he 8 I | i ay # yeaa rare. ert KOT LAY J abate We. quatatons HAGOM ARULOTOME J yor MUR WI : RAS a THE i ma REPORT. Seemeeeeeendl —— * TO THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK. The Regents of the University ReEsPECTFULLY ReEporRT: That the various Departments in the State Cabinet have been greatly enlarged during the year that has just expired. It was stated in the last report that many of the Zoological specimens were found to be injured by the moth. A further examination showed the necessity of destroying several, so as, if possible, completely to check the ravages of this destructive insect. Mr. Hurst, the taxidermist, was at the same time directed to replace such as were thus lost to the collection, and also to supply other deficiencies that were still existing. The purchases made on this account will be noticed in the list of articles added. While the attention of the Board was thus directed, they re- ceived a communication from the parents and uncle of the late Mr. De Rham, (the donation of whose minerals, fossils and shells are noticed in the last report,) in which they tendered for the acceptance of the Regents, and through them, for the State, the valuable and splendid collection of birds and other animals made by this gentleman during his life time. This memorial of his ardor and research in the science of natural history, accumu- lated at an expense of many thousand dollars, and embracing some of the rarest and most valuable specimens, had remained secluded since the period of his lamented decease. It was now only yielded that it might receive a permanent abiding place in the Museum of the State. 10 [Senate Mr. Hurst was directed to repair to New-York and take charge of the collection. On its arrival here its contents were examin- ed and ascertained. The number of animals and birds that will be preserved amounts to upwards of three hundred, and by far the greater part of these are native to our State and country. Of these last, the Regents will only specify the golden eagle, one of the rarest of our birds, and not previously in the Museum, while of the foreign ones, it is sufficient to name the condor of Mexico and the silver pheasant of China. It is only, however, by a personal examination that the variety and importance of these specimens can be appreciated, and the Regents have great reason to be satisfied with the industry and skill displayed by Mr. Hurst, in preserving and arranging them. Indeed the committee of the Board having this watter special- ly in charge, have found it imperatively necessary to engage his permanent services, in order to maintain the Zoological depart- ment in its present high state of preservation. They haveagreed on the sum of two hundred dollars per annum for this purpose, to commence with the first of September last, and they trust that this measure of precaution will meet with the sanction of the Legislature. In compliance with an arrangement, of some years’ standing, with Dr. Fitch of Washington county, that gentleman has added about 300 specimens, belonging to a particular division of insects and native to our State. They are arranged and named, and a catalogue, prepared by Dr. Fitch, accompanies this report. The Regents may here observe that they have received repeat- ed applications during the last year, to purchase collections in zoology and mineralogy, made within our own borders, but they have been obliged to decline them, in consequence of the means placed at their disposal. Donations of value have also been received for the Mineralo- gical and Geological departments, and of these, it will be seen that the specimens presented by Dr. Hough, of St. Lawrence county, are interesting from the illustrations they offer of the mineral wealth of the northern part of the State. No. 36.] 11 HisroricaAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION. Mr. Lewis H. Morgan, of Rochester, whose report with its illustrations, in the last annual communication of the Regents, has excited such deserved attention, urged upon the Regents, at an early period of the last year, another appropriation for in- creasing the specimens of Indian manufactures already in the cabinet. The sum of two hundred and fifty dollars was accord- ingly placed in his hands, and on this there have been received an Indian bark house and a large Indian eanoe. The remainder of the articles obtained, are understood at the date of this report to be on their way to this city. Mr. Morgan, also, promises an additional report on the above, and if received in season, it will be transmitted to the Legisla- ture. At his instance, also, the Regents were induced to purchase from Mr. Ely S. Parker, an Indian and an engineer in the ser- vice of the State, the tomahawk of the once renowned chieftain Cornplanter. The authenticity of this relic is established in an interesting letter from Mr. Parker, a copy of which is herewith transmitted. It is only necessary to glance over the catalogue of donations to this collection, to be assured of the great interest taken in it, both by strangers and by our fellow citizens. Dr. Hough has communicated a paper entitled “ Notices of Ancient remains of Artin Jefferson and St. Lawrence counties, with illustrations of the same,’ in continuation of his paper pub- lished last year. The Regents recommend its printing with the present report, and they, also, transmit an analysis, by Dr. Salis- bury, of a hematitic iron ore found in Westchester county. With the above detail of the proceedings of the committee, charged with the care of the State Cabinet, the Board might be content to close their annual] report, were they not deeply im- pressed with the necessity of obtaining more ample means for the preservation and increase of the “State Cabinet,” and thus extending its benefits to the tens of thousands, who, as in the 12 [SenaTz last year, may be expected during the present, as its welcome visitors. An appropriation of two hundred and fifty dollars for the year 1851, is the sole amount now at the disposal of the Re- gents. This should be increased to at least one thousand dollars for the present and the next year. Again, every available foot of ground for the proper disposition of the collection is occupied and the Board have hence received, with great pleasure, an offi- cial notice that the Commissioners of the Land Office and the New-York State Agricultural Society will present to the Legisla- ture, plans for increasing the building now devoted to the best interests of science and the arts, in a manner commensurate with the dignity and the high destinies of the State. It isan unpleasant, but a necessary duty to add, that on an application from the local committee of New-York, appointed to forward objects of interest, both natural and artificial, to the approaching exhibition in London, some doubts were thrown out whether the State possessed a collection of fossil remains in its own right. This matter will, however, be brought before the Legislature by another commission, and the Regents, therefore, content themselves with the statement of the circumstance, and, also, that Professor Hall has promised to furnish a catalogue of the fossils, now the property of the State, so far as they are des- eribed in the Ist and 2nd volumes of his Paleontology. This, at whatever time it may be received, will be transmitted to the Legislature. It has been further suggested, and the idea seems to be gain- ing favor, that the specimens of Indian manufactures, now in the collection, and those which are presently expected, should under the care of a watchful guardian, be dispatched to this Ex- hibition, so remarkable, even if its least sanguine auguries are accomplished. But the Regents have not the means, nor the power, to further such a plan, and it will remain with the Legislature, alone, to sanction it with their necessary assent. By order of the Regents, G. Y. LANSING, Chancellor. T. Romeyn Brox, Secretary. No. 30.] 13 Papers accompanying this Report. A. Account current of receipts and expenditures, 1850. B. Catalogue of the Quadrupeds, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fishes, &c., added to the State Cabinet from January 1, 1850, to January 1, 1851. In this will be found a list of the collection of the late Mr. De Rham, so far as the same has been named and ar- ranged. C. Catalogue of Insects added to the State Cabinet of Natural History, December, 1850. By Asa Fitch, M. D. D. Donations to the Botanical Collection. E. List of Minerals, Geological specimens and Fossils, added from January Ist, 1850, to January 1st, 1851. F. Additions to the Historical and Antiquarian collection, by donation and purchase, from January Ist, 1850, to Janua- ry Ist, 1851. G. Letters of Mr. Ely 8S. Parker, concerning Cornplanter’s Tomahawk. H. Notices of ancient remains of art in Jefferson and St. Law- rence counties, by Franklin B. Hough, M. D. I. Analysis of a specimen of a Hematitic iron ore, by James H. : Salisbury, M. D., Chemist to the New-York State Agricul- tural Society. K. References to various writings, relating to the Narurat His- TorY OF New-York, that have appeared during the year. Received since the adoption of the report by the standing com- mittee, but previous to its presentation to the Regents. L. Catalogue of specimens of the Rocks and Fossils in the Gray Sandstone, Medina Sandstone, Clinton Group, Niagara Group, Onondaga Salt Group, anda part of the Water Lime Group ; being a contiuation of the Catalogue of the State Geological Collection, as far as the Fossils are named _ and described, by James Hall. ( A.) The Regents of the University, in account current with the appropria- tions towards preserving and increasing the “ State Cabinet of Natural History,’ and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection, annexed thereto, and for defraying the incidental expenses of the same. To balance from previous account (see Senate Doc. 1850, NO...'7Dp iD. 1.0 weg ncais im a bartar alle heyeee eae $98 13 1850. Jany. 2 To cash received from the Comptroller, being the annual appropriation for 1850,........ 250 00 April 13 To cash received from the Comptroller, being the special appropriation for the increase of the cabinet, and the payment of contin- gent.exXpenses,........ sabe, «Sip wie elhas ieee 500 00 $848 13 1850. CR. Jany. 8 By cash paid Jas. Henry, stationery for 1849, including two folio volumes, for recording donations and the names of visitors, No.1, 14 82 By cash paid Lewis H. Morgan, expenses of travelling and other contingencies in the collection and arrangement of the Indian collectiony NO, By sik ca ois wey nb Soman ees 18 00 Jany. 9 By cash paid J. A. Hurst, for a preserved Buck and sundry birds, No. 3,........... 73 00 Jany.18. By cash paid J. A. Hurst for 21 days work at the cabinet, clearing out the moth, with sundries for the same, No. 4,...... 0s. eens 65 50 Amma's qarried Terwerd, ...0 6 ssews s+ Cees ae $ No. 30.] 15 Amount, broueht Horwatd, ..0..sceseds ngs $ March 8 By cash paid Wm Boardman for sundry erec- tions and repairs at the State Cabinet,No.5, 10 89 Mar. 19 By cash paid J. A. Hurst, for a collection of preserved animals, birds and fishes, princi- pally to supply deficiencies occasioned by destruction from the moth, No. 6, ......35 159 25 Apr. 12 By cash paid John Gebhard, for contingent expenses and: purchases, No. 7, ........s. Te Apr. 27 By cash paid Ely S. Parker for the tomahawk formerly belonging to Cornplanter, No.8,.. 20 00 June 4 By cash paid J. A. Hurst, for a pre- SPEYER SUWOE BAL. cs ss bes weap 14 00 for a preserved Buffalo pike, .... 10 00 For expenses going to New-York, packing and transporting to Alba- ny the De Rham collection of birds, Bie, ES e es . GINS Ae ik 53 37 June 4 By cash paid John Gebhard for contingent expenses and purchases, No. 10, ......... 4 80 June 17 By cash paid Lewis H. Morgan, advance, to purchase indian manufactures, No. 11,.... 250 00 July 3 By cash paid railroad company for transpor- tation of Indian canoe and house, No. 12,.. 8 70 Sept. 2 By cash paid Wells & Co., transportation of - Dr. Hough’s donation, and other contingent experses, NODS. o; sting «wade aeeeega 5 80 Sept. 6 By cash J. A. Hurst, for sundry preserved ani- mals ang. birds, NO. 14/2 wis asics « 0008 sa as 64 50 Dec. 18 By cash paid Jno. Gebhard for various pur- chases and contingent expenses, No. 15,... 6 12 Dec 18 By cash paid James Henry’s acct. for station- esy dirige $250, No. 6, foi. ce wes nares 8 65 $792 62 By balance to new account, . ....0ee0 00s 0s nen 55 51 $848 13 a ee 16 | | Senare ( Copy. ) Aupany City Banx, Dec., 28, 1850. I certify that there is the sum of fifty-five dollars and fifty-one cents standing to the credit of the “State Cabinet of Natural History ” in the books of this bank. ( Signed ) JNO. T. MARSHALL, Book-keeper We have examined the foregoing account and believe it to be correct, having compared the same with the vouchers. HAMILTON FISH, ERASTUS CORNING, Albany, Dec. 30,1850. CHRISTOPHER MORGAN. ( B.) CATALOGUE OF THE QUADRUPEDS, BIRDS, REPTILES, AMPHIBIANS, &¢, ADDED TO THE State Cabinet of Natural History, (Including the Collection of the late H. Casimir De Rham, Jr.) FROM JAN. 1, 1850, TO JAN. 1, 1851. {Senate, No. 30] 2 Zs eu, ea, eae pe % , : 7 ’ ~s . ! : ~ 4 An ay ARSE ES 44 %y E yAtw +e ' CR ‘ * ‘ s at " ac * ol) oY z fee ,' oo haa ‘) at A Wt ap Rai hak Swe Meaty. AE: Be Be che Beat nei the Aria id Cet tet “f ue J f 4 ' q "i a ; bt ' ae in ier ai, moa a PG it + ed fiat ‘ y f ae | ae a a ay ee Oe ror a atest aM Fa Man agtnae awe SS FAMILY URSID: Procyvow'Lotén; Raetoony - - - - - = - - 2 eH FAMILY MUSTELID. Muriivis kenedred, Slfunic) io. 0S Se ee Musretia rusca, Brown Weasel, - - - - - - - - - Purorius Noveporacensis, New-York Ermine, - - - - Puvommes vidos) Miiks 0? = - 2 40-0 i- Oe te FAMILY CANIDA. Vuures FuLvus, Red Fox, - - - Wa sia FAMILY FELID. Lyncus poreALis. Northern Lynx, - - - - - - - ORDER RODENTIA. FAMILY SCIURIDZ. Scrurus Levucotis. Little Grey Squirrel, (male & dill Scrurus vunpinus. Fox Squirrel, - - - - - - - Scrurus nicer. Black Squirrel, (male & female,) - - - Scrurus Hupsonicus. Red Squirrel, (male &female,) - - Scrurus Hupsonicus. Red Squirrel, (Albino,) - - - - Scrurus striatus. Striped Squirrel, - - - - - - - PTEROMYs VOLUCELLA. Flying Squirrel, - - - - - - 12 17 50 58 59 60 61 62 65 30 : [Senate FAMILY ARCTOMID. Axcromys mMonax. Woodchuck, - - - - - -.- - 68 FAMILY GERBILLIDE. Meriones AMERICANUS. Deer Mouse, - - - - - - - 7 FAMILY CASTORIDE. Fiver TisetHicus. Muskrat or Musquash,(m.&f.) - - 75 FAMILY MURID. Mos tevcopus. Jumping Mouse, - - - - - - - - 82 ArvicoLa RuFEscens. Tawney Meadow Mouse,- - - - 85 FAMILY LEPORID. Lepus nanus. American Grey Rabbit, - - - - - - - 98 Lepus americanus. Northern Hare, (male, fem. & young,) 95 i Erinaceus Europzus. Hedgehog, (old and young,) England. Capra ipex. Lin. Skulland horns of the male. From the Alps. BIRDS. ORDER ACCIPITRES. FAMILY VULTURID. CaTHARTES GRYPHUS, Condor, (male,) From the Andes. CaTHaRTes aurA, Turkey Buzzard,(male,)- - - - -p. FAMILY FALCONID. Aquita cHRyszTos, Golden Eagle, (male,)- - - - -p. This fine specimen was shot a few years since at Islip, Suffolk county, and is the identical one referred to by De Kay in his Zoology of N. Y., Part IT. page 4. Hauiartos Leucocepnatus, Bald Eagle, (male and female,) Panpion caRoLinensis, American Fish Hawk, (male,) with afish inthe beak, - - - - - - - - - Burgeo sancti-syoannis, Rough-legged Buzzard, or Black Hawk, (male and female,)- - - - - - - Burro soreatis, Red-tailed Buzzard, (male,) - - - - Navcierus Frurcatus, Swallow-tailed Hawk, (male,) - - Fatco cotumBarius, Pigeon Hawk, (male and female,) AstTuR ATRICAPILLUS, American Goshawk,(male,) - - - FAMILY STRIGIDA. Surnia FunEREA, Hawk Owl, - - - - - - - - - Sunnis nycrea, Snowy Owl, (male,)- - - - -'- - Buszo asio, Little Screech Owl, (male and female,) - Orvs patustris, Short-eared Owl, (male,) - - - Uxvuia nesutosa, Barred Owl, (male and female,) - Utuia acapica, Acadian Owl, (male,) - ~ - - - - 82 - | SexaTE ORDER PASSERES. FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDE. ZooLoGy—Part V.. CaprimuLeus vociFERus, Whippoorwill, (male,) - - - 32 FAMILY HIRUNDINID. Hirvunpo purpurEA, Purple Martin, (male,)- - - - - 37 Hirvunpo Futva, Cliff Swallow, (male and female,) - - 41 FAMILY AMPELID. Bompyciiia caro.inensis, Cedar Bird, (female,) - - - 44 FAMILY ALCEDINID. Aucepo atcyon, Belted Kingfisher, (young male,) - - - 45 FAMILY CERTHIDA. TrocLopytrs «pon, House Wren, (male,)....- os. h-ype > 53 TRoeLopyTEs Lupovicianus, Mocking Wren, (male,)- - 55 TrogLopytEs PaLustRis, Marsh Wren,(male,) - - - - 56 FAMILY PARIDZ. ." Parus picotor, Crested Tit, (two males,) - - - - - 59: FAMILY SYLVIADZ. Recuuus satrapa, Golden-crested Kinglet,(male,)) - - 62 Statia witsoni, Bluebird, (m.&f.) - - - - - -.- 6b FAMILY MERULIDZ. OnPHEus poLyeLortus, Mockingbird, (male,) - - - - 67 OrrHeus ruFus, Brown Thrush, (male,) - - - - - - 68 ORPHEUS CAROLINENSIS, Catbird, (m.&f.) - - - - - 69 Merua migratoria, American Robin, (m.&f.) - - - 70 FAMILY SYLVICOLIDA. TricHas. PHILADELPHIA, Mourning Warbler, (m. & f.)- - 80 VERMIVORA PENNSYLVANICA, Worm-eating Warbler,(m:&f.) 82 Vermivora sotiraria, Blue-winged Warbler, - - - - 88 No. 30.| SyYLVICOLA SYLVICOLA SyLVICOLA SyLVICOLA SYLVICOLA SYLVICOLA SYLVICOLA SYLVICOLA SYLVICOLA SYLVICOLA SYLVICOLA SYLVICOLA 39 ZooLoGy—Part IT. VERMIVORA CHRYSOPTERA, Golden-winged Warbler, (male,) p. 84 VERMIVORA PEREGRINA, Tenessee Warbler, (male,) — - VERMIVORA CELATA, Orange-crowned Warbler, (young m.) macuLosa, Spotted Warbler, (male,) - - PARDALINA, Spotted Canada Warbler, (male,) BLACKBURNIZ, Blackburnian Warbler, (male,) CASTANEA, Bay-breasted Warbler, (male,) - striaTA, Black-poll Warbler, (male,) - - piscoLor, Prairie Warbler, (male,) - - - CANADENSIS, Black-throated Blue Warbler, (y’gm.) zstiva, Summer Yellowbird, (m. & f.) - - pinus, Pine Warbler, (female,) - - - - ICTEROCEPHALA, Chesnut-sided Warbler, (male,) parus, Hemlock Warbler, (2 males,) - - Formosa, Kentucky Warbler, (male,) - - Wusonra mirrata, Hooded Warbler, (female,) - - - Wizsonta pusitua, Green Black-capped Warbler, (male,) Cuncivora c&RULEA, Blue-grey Gnatecatcher, (male,) - FAMILY MUSCICAPID. Muscicara ruticiLLa, American Redstart, (m.&f.) - Tyrannus crinitus, Great-crested Kingbird, (male,) - FAMILY VIREONIDA. ViREO oLivaceus, Red-eyed Greenlet, (male,) - - - IcTERIA viripis, Yellow-breasted Chat, (male,) - - - FAMILY LANIIDA. . Lantus seprentrionaLis, Northern Butcherbird, (2 males,) FAMILY CORVIDS. GarRuLus cristatus, Blue Jay,(male;) - - - - - GARRULUS CANADENSIS, Canada Jay, (male,) - - - - . Pies: cavpata, Magpie, (male,):- .- +) > .c t-te or Corvus AMERICANUS, Common Crow,(male,)- - - - Corvus corax, Raven, - - - - - - - - - - - QuiscALuS veRSIcoLOoR, Common Crow Blackbird, (m. FAMILY QUISCALID/. [Senate, No. 30.] 3 127 129 130 131 132 134 136 34 | Senate ZooLtocy—Part II. STURNELLA LUDOVICIANA, Meadow Lark, (male and fem.) p. IcreRvs BALTIMORE, Golden Oriole, (male.) - - - - - Icrerus pHeniceus, Red-winged Oriole, (male.) - - - Motorurus Pecoris, Cow Bunting, (female.) - - - - - DoxricHonyx oryzivorus, Boblink, (male and female.) - FAMILY FRINGILLIDE. Coccozorus cERULEUS, Blue Grosbeak, (male.) - - - - Coccogorus Lupovicianus, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, (male,) SrrutHus HyEMALIS, Snowbird, (male and female.) - - FRINGILLA 1L1aca, Fox-colored Sparrow, (male,) - - - FRINGILLA PENNSYLVANICA, White-throated Sparrow, (m.&f.) FRinciLua Leucoparys, White-crowned Sparrow, (male.) EmBerizA sAvANNA, Savannah Bunting, (female.) - - - AmMopRAMUs PALUSTRIS, Swamp Finch, (female.) - - - CarpvuE.is TRisTis, Yellow-bird,(male.) - - - - - - ERYTHROSPIZA PURPUREA, Crested Purple Finch, (m. & f.) PiryLus carpinaLis, Cardinal Grosbeak, (male.) - - - PIrPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS, Chewink or Ground Robin, (m.) Spiza cyanea, Indigo-bird, (male.) - - - - - - - - Pyranea sTIvA, Red-bird, (male, young m. &f. )- = ae PyRANGA RUBRA, Black- a Red-bird, (male.) - - - PLEcTROPHANES LApponicus, Lapland Snow-bird, (female.) PLEcTROPHANES NivALIs, White Snow-bird, (m.&f.) - - AuaupA cornuTa, Horned Lark, (male and female.) - - CoryTuHus ENUCLEATOR, Pine Bullfinch, (male, young m. & f.) Loxia LevcopTeRA, White-winged Crossbill, (male.) - - FAMILY PICID. Picus prLeatus, Crested Woodpecker, (female.) - - - Picus ERYTHROCEPHALUS, Red-headed Woodpecker, (male.) Picus vittosus, Hairy Woodpecker, (male.)- - - - - Picus pusescens, Downy Woodpecker, (male.) - - - - Picus varius, Yellow-bellied Woodpecker, (male.) - _ - Picus carotinus, Red-bellied Woodpecker, (male.) - - Picus arcricus, Arctic Woodpecker,(male.) - - - - - Picus auratus, Golden-winged Woodpecker, (2 m. & f.) - 138 139 141 143 144 No. 30.] 35 FAMILY COLUMBIDE. ZooLoGcy—Part I: Ecroristes migratoria, Wild Pigeon, (male.) - - - p. 196 ORDER GALLINZ, FAMILY PHASIANIDE. MeEveacris GaLLopavo, Wild Turkey, (male,) - - - - 199 Domestic Fowl, (young,) FAMILY TETRAONIDS. Ortyx vireiniana, American Quail, (male, female and 2 Youns,) 07 Fe es BOR TETRAO UMBELLUS, Common Partridge, (male, female and 2 yom Mee! ee ee See ee Tetrrao curio, Pinnated Grouse, (male and female,) - 205 TETRAO CANADENSIS, Spruce Grouse, (male and female,) 206 Areus GicaNnteus, (Temminck,) Argus Pheasant, or Gi- gantic Argus. From Sumatra. PHASIANUS NYCTHEMERUS, (Linneus,) Silver Pheasant. From China. ORDER GRALL-. FAMILY CHARADRIDZ. CHARADRIUS SEMIPALMATUS, American Ring Plover, (male and . females). mus = ots imei oh petal Cans p ote CHsRADRIUS MELODUS, Piping Plover, - - - - - - - 210 CuHARADRIUS VOCIFERUS, Kildeer Plover, (male,)- - - - 212 CHARADRIUS VIRGINIACUS, Se ear ea - 213 STREPSILAS INTERPRES, Turnstone, - - - - - - - 216 FAMILY GRUIDZ. ARDEA HERODIAS, Great Blue Heron, (adult & immature male; adult with a fish in the beak,) - - - 219 ARDEA LupoviciANA, Louisiana Heron, (male,)- - - - 223 ArpEs virescens, Green Heron, (male and female,) - - 224 36 [Senate ZooLocy—Part II. ArpeEA ExiLis, Small Bittern, (male,) - - - - - - p. 225 ArpeA minor, American Bittern, (male and female,) - Arpea piscors, Black-crowned Night Heron, (male,) - FAMILY SCOLOPACIDA. NumENIvus Lonerrostris, Long-billed Curlew, (male,) - NumEntus nupsonicus, Jack Curlew,(male,) - - - - - Herrropopa sEMIPALMATA, Semipalmated Sandpiper, (m.,) TRINGA MARITIMA, Purple Sandpiper. (male,)- - - - - Trinea RuFEscENS, Buff-breasted Sandpiper, (female,) - - Trinea crnctus, Black-breasted Sandpiper, (male,) - - Trinea scuinzi1, Schinz’s Sandpiper, (male,)- - - - - Trinea pecroraLis, Pectoral Sandpiper, (male and fem.,) Trinea canutus, Red-breasted Sandpiper, (male and fem..,) Tring pusiLLa, Wilson’s Sandpiper, (male,) - - - - CALIDRIS ARENARIA, Sanderling, (2 males and fem.,) - - Toranus macuLARIUS, Spotted Sandlark, (male,) - - - Toranus BarTramius, Grey Plover, (male,) - - - - - Toranus ruavipes, Yellow-legs, (male,) - - - - - - Totanus MELANOLEvcUus, Varied Tatler, (male and young,) Toranus sEmipaLmatus, Willet, (male,) - - - - - - ScoLopax witson1, Common American Snipe, (2 m. and f.) RusticoLa minor, American Woodcock, (male, female and VO ee FAMILY RALLID. Rauius crerirans, Salt-water Meadow-hen, (male,) - - OrTyYGOMETRA CAROLINA, Sora Rail, (male,) - - - - - Gauuinuta GALEaTA, Florida Gallinule, (male,) - - - This specimen is referred to by De Kay. See Zo- ology, Part II., page 264. FAMILY RECURVIROSTRIDE. Himantopus nicricouiis, The Lawyer, (male and female,) ORDER LOBIPEDES. FAMILY PODICIPID. Popicers RusricoLiis, Red-necked Grebe, (male,) - - - Hyroxga carouinensis, Dipper or Pied Dobchick, (male,) 226 227 232 233: 236 237 238 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 250 251 256 257 259 262 264 265 276 277 No. 30.] 37 ORDER NATATORES. FAMILY ALCIDA. Zoo.oev—Part II, Mercuuus ALLE, Sea Dove, (male,) - - - - - - p. 280 This specimen is referred to by De Kay. See Zo- ology, part IT., page 280. Auca trorpa, Razorbill, (male,) - - - - - - - - - FAMILY COLYMBIDA. CoLympBus GLAciALIs, Great Loon or Diver, (m. and f.,) CoLYMBUS SEPTENTRIONALIS, Red-throated Loon, (fem.,) - FAMILY PROCELLARIDE. — THALASSIDROMA wiLson1, Wilson’s Petrel, (male,) - - - FAMILY PELECANIDE. Sutra aMeRicana, American Gannet, (male,)- - - - - FAMILY LARID. Ruyneuops nigra, Black Skimmer, (male,) - - - - - SrerNnA HIRUNDO, Common Tern, (male,) - - - - - - SrerRNA cAyAna, Cayenne Tern, (male,) - - - - - - This is the specimen referred to and described by De Kay. See Zo., Part II., page 299. Sterna nicRA, Black Tern, (male and young,) - - - - Larus ARGENTATUS, Winter Gull, (male andfemale,) - - Larus atricitia, Laughing Gull, (male,) oc” ial: te Map i] Larus gonaparti, Bonaparte’s Gull, (male and female,) Larus sapini, Fork-tailed Gull, (male,) - - - - - - This is the specimen described by De-Kay. See Zo., Part II., page 312. Lestris BsurFoni? Artic Hawk-gull,(male,)- - - - - LxstRis RIcHARDsONII, Richardson’s Hawk-gull, (male,) - This specimen is referred to by De Kay. See Zo., Part I., page 315. 233 285 286 290 295 297 298 299 300 306 310 311 312 314 315 38 [Senate FAMILY ANATIDZ. ZooLoGy—Part II. Mercus MERGANSER, Buff-breasted Sheldrake, (male,) - p. Merevus cucu.iatus, Hooded Sheldrake, (male and fem..,) FuLIGULA VALISNERIA, Canvas-back, (male,) - - - - Fuuicuna MARILA, Broad-bill, (female,) - - - - - FuLicuLa RuFITORQUES, Bastard Broad-bill, (male,) — - FuiievLa Laprapora, Pied Duck, (male,) - -' - - _ Fouievia rusina, Ruddy Duck, (male and female,) - Furievra evaciatis, Oldwife or Squaw Duck, (m., wint. p.) Fourievia exaciatis, Oldwife or Squaw Duck, (m. & f. y.) Fuxicuna atpeoLa, Buffle-Headed Duck, (m. &f.) - - Futievna craneuia, Whistler,(male.) - - - - - - Fuuieuia uistrionica, Harlequin Duck, (male.)- - - Furieua motissima, Hider Duck,(male.) - - - - -. Fuieuta Perspicityata, Surf Duck or Coot, (immature m. FuiievLta AMERIcANA, Broad-Billed Coot, (male.) - - Furieuta Fusca, White-Winged Coot,(male.) . - - - Anas sponsa, Wood Duck, (male and young male.) - - Anas caRoLinensis, Green-Winged Teal, (male and female. Anas acuta, Pin-Tailed Duck, (maleand female.) - - ) Anas cLypeata, Shoveller or Spoonbill, (m., wint. plum.) Awas ciypesta, Shoveller or Spoonbill, (m. & f., sum. pl.) Anas Strerrra, Grey Duck or Gadwall, (male.) - - Anas americana, American Widgeon or Bald Pate, (m. & f.) ANSER CANADENSIS, Wild Goose, (male.) - - - - - ANSER aLBirrons, White-Fronted Goose, (male.) - - ANSER BERNICLA, Brant Goose, (male,) - - - - - - 318 320 321 323 325 326 | 827 328 328 329 330 331 332 335 336 337 338 340 341 342 342 343 345 348 349 351 AMERICAN BIRDS DESCRIBED BY AUDUBON, WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN OBSERVED IN THE STATE OF NEW-YORK. The Volume and Page refer to the Edition of Audubon’s Birds of America, in 7 Volumes,—the publication of which commenced in 1840. VoutumeE I, Icrinta PLUMBEvs, Mississippi Kite, (male,) South. States,p. 73 Fatco prrecrinus, Great-footed Hawk, (male, with Golden- winged Woodpecker under foot,) - - - - 84 Southern, and occasionally in the Middle States. Mitvuuus ryrannus, Forked-tailed Fly-catcher, (male,) - 196 Ranges from New-Jersey to Mississippi. Volume II, HELINAIA PROTONOTARIVS, Prothonotary Swamp-Warbler, (male and female,), oc. envoxtoee aly oy “os. «89 Louisiana ; and is occasionally seen as far north as Louisville. SIALIA OCCIDENTALIS, Western Blue-Rird, (malc,)- - - - 176 Banks of the Columbia River and in Upper Cali- fornia. Srauia arctica, Arctic Blue-Bird, (male,) - - - - - 178 On the banks of the Platte and Columbia Rivers ; and has been seen in the Winter at Fort Van- couver. VoLuME Il, Turpus navius, Varied Thrush, (female,)- - - - - - QQ Nootka Sound; and a specimen was obtained in 1826, at Fort Franklin. CoccoTHRAUSTES VESPERTINA, Evening Grosbeak; (m. &.f.,) 217 Sault Sainte Marie, in Michigan, and on the Rocky Mountains. Pyranea Lupoviciana, Louisiana Tanager, (m. & female,) - 231 On the banks of the Platte and Columbia Rivers. on | a 40 [Senate VoLumeE [y. Icrerus BuLLockit, Bullock’s Troopial Oriole, or Hang- nest, (amale,)- =o. - On the banks of the Platte, and in Upper California. GARRULUS STELLERI, Steller’s Jay, (male,) - - - - - - 107 Nootka, and on the Pacific Coast of America from the mouth of Columbia River to the 56th parallel. Sirta pusiLta, Brown-Headed Nuthatch, (male,) - - - 181 Florida, Georgia and Carolinas. Picus princrpaLis, Ivory-Billed Woodpecker, (m.&f.,)- - 214 Carolinas, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana and Mis- sissippi. Picus queruLus, Red-Cockaded Woodpecker, (m. & f.,) - 254 From Texas to New-Jersey. Picus rorquatus, Lewis’ Woodpecker, (male,) - - - - 280 On the banks of Bear and Columbia Rivers. Picus Mexicanus, Red-Shafted Woodpecker, (male,) - - 290 Rocky Mountains, Columbia River, and Northward to the Saskatchewan. CENTURUS CAROLINENSIS, Carolina Parrot, (young,) - - - 306 South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Lou- isiana, and up the Mississippi to Kentucky. VoLUME V. CoLUMBA PASSERINA, Ground Dove, (male,) - - - - - 19 It is met with from the lower parts of Louisiana to Cape Hatteras, following the Coast quite round the Floridas. Ontix pLumireRA, Plumed Partridge, (male,) - - - - 69 Columbia River and Upper California. VoLumMeE VI. Ipis nuBRA, Scarlet Ibis, (male,) - - - - - - - - - 53 Bayou Sara, in Louisiana. No. 30.] | 4) FOREIGN BIRDS. Upupa Epors. (Lin.) Hoopoe, Africa. Eprmacuus Maeniricus, (Oken.) Rifleman, (male and female.) New South Wales. OnioLus catBuLa. (Oken.) Golden Blackbird. Europe. GracuLa rosEA. (Oken.) Rose-colored Thrush. East Indies. Epotius MaLaBaRicus. (Oken.) Drongo. Africa. GALBULA virIpIs. (Oken.) 2specimens. Africa. In addition to the Birds named in the preceding catalogue of the De Rham Collection, there are twenty-two specimens of Foreign Birds,:whose specific names have not been determined. RECAPITULATION. (DE RHAM COLLECTION.) No. of Specimens. Mammalia, --.--_-—- - - - - - - -.= ~~ 36 i ee met | | Watialarne| i- Sedtucai Le eharks 4 ate it a 2 wih ne = oi ved Cori > Pe | ole ade ae cn 2h; ~ aire a iS He a , : iN , rm a rt A‘ “aganit AUST MAN hs rs, » sh “ inttd ; eit ane Cage. 4 j ra By | pili ‘clu amas, Semnaetiepias ey oargotsteo salir duh el bevels sinitl ait ‘lo Gomttingtye oyk-wbie wt, ane oy rinks rol sberataeundod ob £10 i be: aed, paged afin ad | ; 3 ; . gag “nora nt rUnOae eed k res fe @ agi me, ee Wh eewily eWay me ey i Ret AGONY MABEL HO dy BR : a ; os ae " ‘ , ‘4 1 y We a r .¢ hb .. : earning! Li od . “o : h is 1 «€ be re 5 ‘ ae p ~ “ : om, ei dee Na les a ae} at iw ap ad! a 4 Lf a, et : Mi, . » eae 9 1% 3 w 4 a ~ i. wa oa4 = wh 2 athys ‘y Ry we . Ms r g, ; hy ae ee Cin j “ver &, ‘. , : i 4 r ” : : i a - ; '. & _ : i a 8 ‘4 7 ° é wi oS Tee ete of i cntthe Mo ~ . a) a ha ta) were. } 4 J ‘ , bea : rt. . satel wins HO Be ‘ id P 4 by Py y « i a 1 5 4 ' i fi ’ a | s ? 4 P) fe 7 Aout : ii ’ * ‘ ‘ Ab q é "i ah . ~ P bas ® H . é , cs >i . , “ Chew od ° e : ~ ‘ / } ‘ ' (C.) CATALOGUE WITH REFERENCES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE dB Bondionky «Poy COLLECTED AND ARRANGED FOR THE State Cabinet of Natural Historp, BY ASA FITCH, M.D. The following paper comprises all the New-York Insects of the sub-order Hom- optera known to me, except some of the minute species, to determine which re- quired further researches. The species and genera that are here presented as new, are indicated by an asterisk preceding the scientific name, and a brief description of these, embracing their essentia] characters, is added. To the described species is appended a reference to the name of the author and the place where the original description will be found. In the generic arrangement of these insects, Amyot and Serville’s Hist. Nat. des Ins. Hemipteres, Paris, 1843, and Westwood’s Synopsis of British Genera, have been” my chief guides. An acknowledgment is due to the Rev. D. Zeigler, of York, Pa., | for a copy of Germar’s paper on the genera Clastoptera, &c., in the Zeitschrift f. d. Entom.; andto Dr. T. W. Harris, of Harvard University, who has been so kind as to place temporarily in my hands his entire collection of Homoptera, including the several species named in his Catalogue, and also those magazines and other publi- cations which contain all the more important papers of Germar, Spinola and Fallen upon this order of insects. I regret that these latter favors were not received in season for me to avail myself of them in preparing the following paper, though it is not probable they would vary it in any important point from the shape in which it is here presented. Albany, February 22d, 1851. LN SHO 1S: FAMILY CICADIDA. CICADA. Linn. ‘Frostep Cicapa, C. pruinosa, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iv., p. 330. The specimen was taken near the east end of Long Island. No. 609, male. os Crcapa, @. canicularis, (Harris.) Inj.Ins., p.175. No. 610, male; 611, female. Crevicep Cicapa, C. rimosa, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi- | 235. Two specimens were taken in Washington county | the middle of June, 1845. As these are the only ones I | have ever met with, I am led to suspect that, like the | ‘following, this species may be periodical in the time of its appearance. No. 612, female. Sevexreex-vean Locust, C. septendecum, (Linn.) Syst. Nat., ii. 708. No. 613, male. | FAMILY FULGORIDE. CIXIUS. Lar. Srigma-spottep Cixrus, C. stigmatus, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., iv. 336. On various trees and shrubs. No. 614, male; 615, female. | Pine Crxtvs, *C. pini. Elytra with a few fulvous, cloud-like spots; destitute of a larger black stigma and black band at the : base. Length to the tip ofthe elytra, 0-23, (twenty-three hundredths of aninch.) Found on spruce, fir, and pine. Smaller than the preceding, and evidently distinct. No. 616, male; 617, female. TT 46 [Senate Eueonctate Cixrvs, *C. tmpunctaius. White, dorsum yellow; two bands on the front, two dots on the veriex, and two on the prothorax, black; elytra brownish-pellucid, im- maculate, nerves impunctate. Length, 0:23. Found on oaks. No. 618, male. Var. a. The whole upper half of the face black. No. 619, male. EF ive-utinep Crx1us, C. quinguelineatus, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi. 241. No. 620, female. DELPHAX. Fas. ®rexrp Deipwax, *D. arvensis. Pallid-yellow, immaculate ; elytra : and wings pellucid. Length 0:17. Common in fields of wheat early in June. No. 622, male; 623, female. . Doasau-stripep Deipuax, *D. dorsalis. Dull yellow, dorsal vitta white ; elytra dusky, middle apical nerve and a small dot on the tips of the outer apical nerves black ; facial carine white, interstices black; tergum black, with a dorsal and lateral vitta orange red; legs pale yellow, striate with black. Length,0-°20. No. 621, male. OTIOCERUS. Krrpsy. Decrrr’s Oriocerus, O. degeerii, (Kirby.) Trans. Linn. Soc., xiii. 16. On various trees. No. 624, male; 625, female. CogqueBert’s Oriocerus, O. coguebertii, (Kirby.) Tr. Linn. Soe. xiii. 18. Sometimes abundant on grape vines; also on beech and oak trees. No. 626, male; 627, female. Var. a. The elytral vitta dividing into three branches. No. 628. b. The vitta not prolonged upon the sides of the thorax. No. 629. ‘Wour’s Oriocerus, O. wolfii, (Kirby.) Tr. Linn. Soc., xiii. 19. Taken on walnut bushes. No. 630, male. Axsnor’s Oriocerus, O. abbotvi, (Kirby.) Tr. Linn. Soc., xiii. 17. Taken on oaks. No. 631, male; 632, female. Kirsy’s Ortocerus, *O. kirbyii. White; elytra without dots, with a faint brownish band from the middle of the in- ner to the apex of the outer margin, and spot on the apex of the inner margin. Length, 0-42, to the tip of the elytra. Found on oaks. No. 633, male; 634, female. | | | | No. 30.] 47 ANOTIA. Kirsy. Bonnet’s Anotia, 1. bonnetii, (Kirby.) Tr. Linn. Soc., xiii. 21. On willows, about the middle of September. No. 635, male; 636, female. PCECILOPTERA. Lar. Fsostep Pecitorrera, P. pruinosa, (Say.) Jour. Acad. bik Sci., vi. 237. No. 637, male; 638, female. Common ppestdtsbae *P.(%) vulgaris. Blackish-pruinose ; ely- tra with a transverse row of pellucid-white points be- yond the middle; legs pallid, femurs blackish ; ventral segments edged with orange ; medial carina sometimes obsolete. Seems more allied to this than any other genus, though the simple neuration of its elytra, and some other marks, present discrepancies to this associa- tion. Length, 0°20. Common on various shrubs and trees. No, 639, male; 640, female. ° *» FAMILY MEMBRACIDE. ENCHOPHYLLUM. Any. and SrErv. Two-spottep Encuopuyiium, E. binofatum, (Say.) Appendix to Long’s Exped., p. 301. Common on numerous plants and trees. No. 641, male; 642, female. Var. a. Color brown. No. 643. Broap-rootep Encuopuyiium, E. latipes, (Say.) App. to Long’s Exp., p. 302. No. 644, female. ENTILIA. Germar. Notcu-Backep Entiiia, E. sinuata, (Fab.) Entom. Syst. Suppl., p. 513. No. 645, male; 646, female, Sub-species Saipate Front somewhat concave, causing the anterior foliole to incline slightly forward. No. 647. Hotiow-sackep Entixia, E. concava. (Say.) App. to Long’s Exp., p. 301. That part of the generic definition which represents the thorax as “ foliaceous and deeply notch- ed” does not apply to this species. In all other respects this is so closely related to the preceding as scarcely to call for a generic separation. Both species occur on various herbs and trees, particularly on the Canada thistle, where the larve are, like plant-lice, attended by ants, which protect them and subsist upon their saccha- rine secretions. No. 648, male; 649, female. 48 [SENATE *CARYNOTA. (Gr. xapa, roundish, vwros, the back.) Head broad, triangular ; thorax in form of a half cone, not compressed above into a sharp or foliaceous edge; elytra with five terminal cells, the apical triangular with its end rounded ; border broad, slightly wrinkled ; nerves strong, elevated. Allied to Gargara, from which genus however, our species are excluded by the form of the head.and of the apical cellule. Burrernut Carynota. C. mera, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi. 301. On the butternut. No. 650, female. Oak, or ARCH-sTRIPED Carynota, C. arquata, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi. 302. On different species of oaks. No. 651, female ; 652, male (?) SMILIA. GeErMar. Unapornep Smiiia, S. nornata, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi. 299. Common on oaks, chestnut, hickory, &c. No. 653, male (?) ; 654, female. Var. a. Edge of the keel not fuscous-black. No. 655. Unarmep Sminia, 9. inermis, (Fab.) Ent. Syst. iv. 15. On oaks. No. 656, male; 657, female. V-marKep SmiiiA, S. vau, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei., vi. 299. Kabitddns, particularly upon the white oak. No. 658, female. Var. a. Elytra fuliginous throughout. No. 659. 6. Elytra hyaline throughout. No. 660. c. The thoracic bands margined with black. No. 661. d. Front tinged with sanguineous. No. 662. e. Head white. No. 663. Jj. Head white, with sparse large black pune- tures. No. 664. g. Posterior thoracic band obsolete. No. 665. h. Bands obsolete; a fulvous spot above each eye. No. 666. 1. White ; apex of the thorax and a spot above each eye fulvous. No. 667. j- Apex of the thorax white. No. 668. No. 30.] 49 Cuestnut Sminia, *S. castanee. Fuscous, more or less green when recent ; head, anterior edges of thorax and all beneath, bright yellow ; elytra hyaline with an apical and large longitudinal basal spot, fuscous. Length, male 0-25, fe- male 0°30. Common on the chestnut. No. 669, male; 670, female. Var.a. Face with scattered fuscous dots. .No. 671. Oax Smizia, *S. querci. Black, with an abbreviated bright yellow dorsal vitta, which is commonly interrupted near its tip ; legs pale yellow. Length, 0-22. On oaks. No. 672, male. Var. a. Dorsal vitta not interrupted. No. 673. Srrirep Sina, S. vittata, (Amyotand Serv.) Hemipt. p 539. Common on the red and black oak. No. 674, female. Subsp. *guttata. The oblique stripe replaced by a few greenish spots or dots. No. 675. Earep Smriia, *S. auriculata. Bright green, when faded mottled with yellow, immaculate; humeral angles somewhat salient, rounded ; keel evenly rounded, much elevated, anteriorly advanced and overhanging the head ; elytra scarcely exceeding the tip of the thorax. Length, from the front 0°35, from the anterior end of the keel 0-40 ; height 0:23. Onoaks. Rare. No. 676, male. *CYRTOISA. (Gr. pros, curved, hump-backed.) Humeral angles rounded, not salient ; dorsum compressed-foliaceous, forming a regularly arched keel highest near its middle, and at most with a slight con- cavity posteriorly; apical cellule triangular, itsend rounded. Dif- fers from Smilia in having the keel most elevated in its middle in- stead of anteriorly. Marsiep Cyrtosia, C. marmorata, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei., vi. 301. On oaks. No. 677, female. Winpowep Crrrosia, *C. fenestrata. Yellow marbled with ru- fous ; a pellucid spot behind the summit of the keel and a smaller one half way to the apex ; an oblique yellow vitta below the anterior spot, margined with fuscous or sanguineous ; tip of the thorax reaching beyond the ter- minal cells of the elytra. Male black, the pellucid [Senate, No. 30] 4 An oe 23) 50 [Senate spots almost obsolete and the yellow vitta replaced by a few yellow dots. Length 0:25. Onoaks. No. 678, male; 678 (bis) female. CERESA. Amy. and SErv. Two-Hornep Crresa, C. diceros, (Say.) App. to Long’s Exp., p. 299. Occurs like the following, on various trees and shrubs. No. 679, female. Burrato Ceresa, C. bubalus, (Fab.) Ent. Syst., iv. 14. No. 680, male ; 681, female. Var. a. Sides of the thorax mottled with fuscous. No. 682. b. Under side black-brown. No. 683. : *TELAMONA. (From Telamones, a synonym of Atlantes, in allusion to the en- ormous backs of these insects.) Humeral angles projecting, — pointed and ear-like: dorsum compressed-foliaceous, the keel abruptly elevated at one or both its ends, forming a somewhat square crest or foliole: thorax nearly or quite reaching the tips of the elytra, with elevated longitudinal lines on each side: apical cellule triangular, its end rounded. The squarish dorsal crest forms a marked distinction between the genus here proposed, and that of Thelia, to which it is most nearly related. OneE-coLoRED TeLamona, *T. unicolor. Yellow, immaculate, apex of the thorax tinged with fuscous ; summit and angles of the crest rounded. Length 0:45, height 0:25. No. 684, female. Banvep TeLamona, *7. fasciata. Yellow ; thorax anteriorly and at its apex, and an oblique band crossing the posterior part of the crest fuscous; head and anterior margin of the thorax yellow, with numerous black punctures and a black dot above each eye; crest longer at its base than above, anterior end more concave than the poste- rior, angles rounded. Length 0-38, height 0:20. Found on walnut trees. No. 685, female. Hotiow-crestep TeLamona, *T. concava. Brown; a large spot on each side and a transverse band behind the crest, yellow, with sinuous black margins, the spot traversed by an , J : No 30.] 51 interrupted flexuous black line ; summit of the crest slightly concave posteriorly, with a small yellow spot ; erest contracted at its base before and more strongly be- hind, its posterior angle rectangular, its anterior round- ed and more elevated. Length 0-42, height 0:22. No. 686, female. Beecu Teramona, *7. fagi. Black, varied with obscure cinere- ous ; anterior half of the crest double the height of the posterior half, and elevated from it perpendicularly. Length 0-40. Taken on beech trees. No. 687, male. Wooppine TeLamona, T. ampelopsidis, (Harris.) Inj. Ins. p. 180. On the woodbine. No. 688, female. Sap Tetemona, *T. tristis. Fuscous mottled with pallid ; crest with a white line on its posterior base and one or two small pellucid spots in its upper edge; three black dots over each eye ; posterior angle of the crest nearly rec- tangular and almost as high as the anterior, the upper edge nearly straight. Length 0-35. Found on bushes of hazelnut, &e. No. 689, female. Mazetnut Tevamona, *T. corylt. Pale dull yellow; an abbre- viated band occupying the anterior end of the crest, a curved and fuscous-margined band crossing its posterior end, and the apex of the thorax, ferruginous ; form of the crest similar to that of tristis. Length 0°32. Taken on hazelnut bushes. No. 690, female. Oak TeLamona, *7. querci. Green, freckled with yellow, fading to dull yellow punctured with biack ; crest with a pale yellow vitta on its posterior edge; angles of the crest rounded, the anterior much higher than the posterior. Length 0-40. On different species of oak. No. 691, male; 692 female. Reciivate Tevamona, *T7’. reclivata. Greenish white; a sub- interrupted band crossing the back part of the crest, a stripe at its posterior base, and the apex of the thorax brownish black; anterior end of the crest strongly. in- clined backwards, rectilinear. Length 0-35. On oaks and chestnut. No. 693, female. 52 [Senate THELIA. Amy. and Serv. Two-sporrep TueLia, 7. bimaculata, (Fab.) Entom. Syst. iv. 10. Occurs on the locust. No. 694, male. SINGLE-STRIPED THELIA, T. univittata, (Harris.) Inj. Ins., p. 180. On oaks. No. 695, male; 696, female. Tuory-nusy Tues, *F. crategi. Fuscous varied with black and white ; thorax with two broad white bands margined with black, the anterior narrowed on the front and notched on each side at the base of the foliole. Length, 0-34; height, 0-13; to the apex of the folicle 0-26. On the thorn. No. 697, femate. TRAGOPA. Germ. Dorsau Tracopa, *7. dorsalis. Greenish-white, polished; elytra hyaline ; occiput, pectus, and large dorsal spot sending a branch towards each eye, black. Males black, with the face, apex of the thorax, the abdomen and feet greenish-white. Length, 0°20. On grape vines. No. 698, male; 699, female. UROXIPHUS. Amy. and Serv. Watnut Uroxipnus, U. carye. Dull brown; elytra towards the apex obscure-cinereous; abdomen and annulus on the tibie pale yellowish ; sternum pruinose-white. Length, male, 0°30; female, 0-37. On the walnut and pig-nut. | No. 700, male; 701, female. Var. a. Femurs rufous, tibe and base of the hind tarsi pale yellow. No. 702. FAMILY CERCOPID. APHROPHORA. Germ. Four-sporrep ApHropHora, 4. quadrinotata, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi. 304. Taken on grape vines. No. 703, male; 704, female. Var. a. Elytra nearly hyaline. No. 705. No. 30.] 53 LEPYRONIA. Amy. and SErv. Four-cornerep Lepyronia, L. quadrangularis, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., iv. 335. Common in autumn and spring in groves of the sugar-maple, where numbers may often be met with, drowned in the vessels of sap. No. '706, male; 707, female. PaRALLEL-MARKED Lepyronia, L. parailella, (Say.) App. to Long’s Exp., p. 303. Common on the white pine. No. 708, male ; 709, female. Saratoca Lepyronra, *L. saratogensis. Pale fulvous varied with white; anterior and posterior margins of the vertex parallel. Closely related to parallella, but that has the vertex crescentiform, is much darker colored, and is confiuently nigro-punctate. Here the punctures are tncolored. Length, 0-40. Common on the pitch pines of Saratoga plains, and is sometimes met with on the white pine also. No. 710, male; 711, female. Var. a. Dorsal vitta obsolete; elytra pellucid-white. No. 712. CLASTOPTERA. Germ. Oxntuse Ciastorrera, C. obtusa, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., iv. 339. If this is not the C. achatina, Germ., that spe- cies is unknown tome. No. 713, male; 714, female. ‘TestTacrous CiasropTerA, *C. testacea. Testaceous ; scutel rufous; elytra with a polished callous-like black dot near the apex. Length, 0-20. Found on oaks and pines. No. 715, female. Var. a. A black callous-like dot on each side of the pectus. No. 716. b. Pectoral dots present, elytral dots wanting. , Novwi7. | c. The black dots wanting, both on the elytra and pectus. No. 718. Pine Cuastortera, *C. pini. Black; head yellow, with a black band on the anterior margin of the vertex ; thorax with a yellow band anteriorly ; elytra with a broad hyaline 54 [Senate outer margin interrupted in the middle, and a black callous dot near the apex. Length, 0-14. Found chiefly on pines. No. 719, male. Var. a. A ferruginous dot on the apex of the aoe No. 720. b. The yellow thoracic band widely interrupted. No. 721. Prorevs Crasroprera, *C. proteus. Head bright yellow, :a blaek band on the anterior margin of the vertex and a broader one on the front; front polished, without transverse strie ; a callous black dot near the apex of the elytra; legs yellowish-white, tarsi black. Length, 0-16; males slightly smaller. Abundant on the panicled dog-wood, (Cornus paniculata.) Closely allied to the C. atra, (Ger- mar,) but on examining a host of specimens, not one oceurs in which the legs are annulated with black or fuscous. No. 722, female. This pretty insect, though so small in size, presents an aston- ishing number of sub-species and varieties, so clearly and distinctly marked that at first glance they would be confidently regarded as well eharacterized species. The following are the more prominent, though by no means all, of the varieties that occur: Sub.sp. 1. flavicollis. Thorax entirely yellow. Var. a. Elytra yellow. No. 723. 6. Elytra with an oblique blackish vitta. No. 724. Sub-sp. cincticollis. Thorax with a black band. Var. a. An interrupted black band on the anterior margin of the thorax. No. 725. b. An entire black band on the anterior margin of the thorax. No. 726. e. Thoracic band crossing the disk instead of the — anterior margin. No. 727. d. Band on the disk of the thorax, and scutel black. No. 728. Sub-sp. maculicollis. Thorax with one or two discoi- dal spots. Var. a. A black spot on the disk and interrupted band anteriorly. No. 729. No. 30.] 55 b. A black spot on the disk and anterior band entire. No. 730. c. Two black spots on the disk of the thorax. No. 731. Sub-sp. nigricollis. Thorax black, with a yellow band forward of the disk. Var.a. The black band on the anterior margin of the thorax interrupted. No. 733. b. The band continuous, No. 734. c. Scutel black, with a yellow dot at its base. No. 735. d. Scutel entirely black. No. 736. FAMILY TETTIGONIIDA. TETTIGONIA. Georr. Forx-strirep Terriconia, 7. bifida, (Say.) Jour Acad. Nat. Sci., vi. 313. On grass in meadows. No. 737, male; 738, female. Var. a. The usual three white dots in the black frontal spot confluent, formingalunule. No. 739. b. Two white dots only on the front. No. 740. c. The orange color on the sides of the front re- placed by black. No. 741. TureeE-pottep Terricgonia, *T. tripunctata. White; vertex with two black dots on the disk and a third on the apex; thorax with two pale brown bands; elytra pellucid- white, the longitudinal nervures brown, except at their tips; head longer and more pointed than in the prece- ding species. Length,0:20. Takenon dog-wood. No. 742, male. PROCONIA. Leven. and Serv. Four-stripep Proconta, P. quadrivittata, (Say,) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi. 312. In having the vertex flattened, this and the succeeding species are widely separated from the two foregoing. Common, on various shrubs. No. 743, male; 744, female. 56 Senate | Var. a. Spots on the thorax sanguineous. No. 745. b. Thorax with two black spots atits base. No. 746. c. Thorax margined with black at its base. No. 747. . Disk and base of thorax green, immaculate. No. 748. e. Thorax with a green mark shaped like a tri- dent, based onits posterior margin. No. 749. Qu, AULACIZES. Amy. and SErv. Trnper-FooteD Autacizes, 1. mollipes, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi. 312. Common on the grass of meadows and pastures. No. 750, male; 751, female. New-York Auvtacizes, *. noveboracensis. Yellow; elytra and large spot at the base of the thorax, olive-green; no black vitta on the sides of the pectus; head shorter, broader, and its apex more obtuse, than in mollipes. Length, 0°33. Rare. On grass inmeadows. No. 752, female. *HELOCHARA. (Gr. 20s, a marsh, xouipw, to rejoice.) Head obtuse-triangular, broader than long, slightly broader than the thorax, the trans- versely-striated front reflected over on to the anterior sides of the vertex ; vertex with a slight longitudinal stria ; ocelli on the vertex, farther from each other than from the eyes; tips of the male antennez knobbed ; elytra with five terminal and three dis- coidal cells. By its knobbed antenne, this genus occupies a similar rank in the sub-family Tettigonides, that Idiocerus does in that of Jassides. Common Hetocnara, *H. communis. Dark green; females erass- green, when faded variously mottled with tawny yel- low; beneath, more or les black, legs testaceous. Length, 0-20. On grass in marshy situations, often ex- cessively numerous. No. 753, male; 754, female. Var. a. The usual transverse row of large punctures on the foreside of the thorax obsolete. No. 755. . No 30.] 57 EVACANTHUS. Levert. and Serv. OrpiTtaL Evacanruvus, *E. orbitalis. Black, shining ; orbital mar- gins, antenne and legs, tawny white; elytra deep fus- cous, nerves and large spot at the apex of the outer margin white; face with a tawny white, transverse spot or band above. Length, 0.18, to tip of female abdomen 0-20. On dogwood; the last of July. Rare. No. 756, male. GYPONA. Germ. YELLOow-sTRIPED Gypona, *G. flavilineata. Pale green, immacu- late; thorax with eight pale yellow vitte, the middle ones common to the vertex and scutel. Tettigonia 8-lineata, var. a, of Say. Having never met with speci- mens possessing rosaceous stripes and nervures, and this insect being larger in size than the 8-lineata, I am in- duced to regard it as a distinct species. Length, 0-35 to 0:45. Common on oaks, maple, walnut, &c. No. 757, male; 758, female. Rep-MorTLep Gyponia, *G. scarlatina. Dull yellowish brown; elytra with rosaceous nerves and dots; thorax without vitte ; common disk of the elytra sparsely dotted with black; length, 0°40. No. 759. female. PENTHIMIA. Germ. American Pentuimia, *P. americana. Black; elytra white to- wards the apex; two dots on the anterior edge of the vertex, and a spot on each outer angle of the thorax sanguineous or rufous. Female, with the vertex, thorax, scutel and venter, sanguineous. Closely allied to the European varieties hemorrhoea and sanguinicollis, (Fab.) but is a size larger. Length,0°23. Rare. Taken on the sugar maple. No. 760, male; 761, female. ACOCEPHALUS. Germ. Yetiow Acocepuatvs, */. vitellinus. Yellow; elytra longer than the abdomen, with pellucid spots, and on the margins towards the apex a few black dots. Length, 0-26. Found on the sugar maple. No. 762, male. 58 [SenaTe Var. a. Four faint tawny yellow vitte on the thorax, and an oblique tawny band across the middle of the elytra. No. 763, female. CCELIDIA. Germ. Banpvep Caxipia, C. subbifasciata, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei., vi. 310. Found on beech trees. I have also taken this species in Kentucky and Illinois. No. 764, female. GarpEN Caxipia, C. olitoria. (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi. 310. Taken on raspberry bushes. No. 765, female. BYTHOSCOPUS. Germ. Buiack-Backep Byruoscorus, *B.tergatus. Sordid green, immacu- late; elytra smoky; tergum black; beneath greenish yellow; tarsi pale brown. Length, 0:30. On willows. No. 766, male. OneE-coLoreD Bytuoscopus, *B. unicolor. Greenish-yellow, im- maculate; elytra hyaline; length, 0-28. Taken on flowers of goldenrod. No. 767, female. Haur-crotuep Byruoscopus, B. semimudus, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi. 307. Found on birch trees. No. 768, female. SappLeED Bytuoscopus, B. clitellarius, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi. 309. On various herbs and shrubs. No. 769, ‘male; 770, female. Pine Bytuoscopus, *B. strobi. Yellowish-brown; elytra with three white bands, and closely inscribed with fuscous points and lines, outer margin with small fuscous spots ; beneath brown; legs pallid, with spine-bearing black dots. Length, 0:20. Common on pines in May. No. 771, male; 772, female. IDIOCERUS. Lewis. Weerine Iprocerus, *J. lachrymalis. Brown varied with white; elytra hyaline, immaculate, nerves fuscous; a black spot at the anterior edge of each eye; two remote black dots on the fore side of the vertex commonly connected by a transverse black line; scutel with a transverse black spot on the disk and two triangular ferruginous No. 30.] 59 spots at the base. Length, 0°28. Taken on poplar and walnut trees. No. 773, male; 774, female. Var. a. The black frontal line prolonged to the spots forward of the eyes. No. 775. b. The usual small black spot beneath each ocellus wanting. No. 776. c. The black frontal line wanting. No. 777. d. One or two small four-sided discoidai cells in the elytra in addition to the usual num- ber. No. 778. ALTERNATE-MARKED Iprocerus, *J. alternatus. Brown varied with white; elytra hyaline, immaculate, nerves fuscous with white alternations; two remote black dots on the ante- rior edge of the vertex; scutel with two dots on its disk and two triangular spots at its base black. Length, 0:22. Common, on willows. No. 779, male; 780, fe- male. | SpotTeD-winGED Ipiocerus, *f. maculipennis. Chestnut-brown varied with white; elytra hyaline, with a large fuscous spot on the middle and another at the apex of the outer margin, with an intervening white spot; a faint white spot towards the base of the sutural margin. Length, 0-25. Taken on thorn bushes. No. 781, female. SuTuRE-stTRIPED Ipiocerus, *I. suturalis. Yellowish white; elytra hyaline with a dusky vitta on the suture, and two dusky spots on the base of the scutel. I have never met with the males of this and the following species, but their facial ocelli and elytral neuration indicate this to be their generic place. Length, 0°25. Taken on chest- nut trees. No. 782, female. Pate Ipiocerus, *J. pallidus. Greenish white, immaculate; ely- . tra hyaline. Length,0°22. On poplars and willows. No. 783, female. PEDIOPSIS. Burm. Green Pepiopsis, *P. viridis. Light green, immaculate; elytra. pellucid, almost hyaline. Length, 0-18. No. 784, fe- male. "60 [Senate THREE-SPOTTED Pepropsis, *P. trimaculatus. Dull brown; seutel with a black spot at each angle, the posterior one some- times obsolete; elytra with pellucid white spots situated one on the apex, one on the disk, and a third anteriorly, scutellar region obscure cinereous; face whitish. Length, 0:18. No. 785, female. ATHYSANUS. Burm. To this genus we refer those species which differ from Macrop- sis and Pediopsis in having the ocelli between the vertex and the face, and from Jassus in having the elytral suture straight. VariABLeE Atuysanus, *A. variabilis. Sulphur-yellow; elytra commonly with an oblique black vitta, their tips pellu- cid; vertex, thorax and scutel often fulvous or black. Length, 0:20. Abundant on birch trees,in June. No. 786, female. Var.a. Dull yellowish-white throughout. No. 787. b. Bright sulphur-yellow throughout. No. 788. c. An oblique black stripe on each elytron. No. tSe- d. Vertex, thorax and scutel tawny yellow. No. 790. e. Vertex and thorax tawny yellow, scutel black. No. 791. Jf. Vertex, thorax and scutel black. No. 792. Spruce-TREE Atuysanus, */ abietis. Black, shining; head light yellow, mouth and two bands on the vertex confluent at their ends, black ; middle of the sutural edge of the elytra with a white streak. Length, 0-20. Taken on the black spruce. No. 793, female. Winpowep Atuysanus, * fenestratus. Brownish-black ; face and scutel rufous; elytra each with a pellucid spot near the apex, another on the disk, and a third opposite this last on the sutural margin. Length 0-20. On birch trees. No. 794, female. | SMALLER Atuysanus, */. minor. Cinnamon-yellow; elytra with a discoidal and large apical spot hyaline. Length, 0-18. Common on birch trees. No. 795, female. No. 30.] 61 Brecu-TReEE Atuysanus, *. fagi. Elytra fuscous, immaculate ; scutel, face and pectus black; venter and legs light yellow. Length,0-18. Taken on beech trees. No. 796, female. Buack-nosep ATHYSANUS, *. nigrinasi. Pale yellow, lower part of the face black or fuscous. Length, 0-18. Common, particularly upon the hornbeam, (Carpinus americana.) Presents many varieties. No. 797, female. AMBLYCEPHALUS. Curtis. Curtis’s AmpiycepHatus, *. curtisti. Greenish yellow ; two dots on the vertex, band on fore part of the thorax, and six vitte on each elytron, black ; beneath black. Length 0:15. Common particularly on the grass of meadows. No. 798, male ; 799, female. Say’s AmBLYCEPHALUS, *4. sayii. Pale yellowish, without dots ; elytral cells partially margined with fuscous or black, ° nerves white. Length 0:13. Abundant on grass in pas- tures and meadows. No. 800, male; 801, female. Var. a. A black spot on the base of the thorax. No. 802. b. Three black spots on the base of the thorax. No. 803. c. Only the apical cells margined with fuscous at their tips. No. 804. MetsHeimer’s Ampiycepuatus, */4. melsheimerti. Pallid, base of the tergum black; elytra pellucid, nerves white. Length 0-10. Common on grass. No. 805, male; 806, female. Inrmican AmpBLycepHALus, .4.? inimicus, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi. 305. Though this much resembles the species named Sayzi, above, it differs from this genus by the length of its elytra, and from Jassus by its striated front and the number of its discoidal and apical cells. It probably forms the type of a separate genus. Common on grass, and its larva has been said to depredate upon the roots of young wheat. No.807,male; 808, female. Var. a. Nerves white, cells margined with fuscous. No. 809. 62 [Senare: b. Two smaller dots between the ordinary ones on the head. No. 810. c. Two dots only on the neck. No. 811. d. Dots on the neck all wanting. No. 812. JASSUS. Fas. FREcKLED Jassus, *J. irroratus, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi. 308. Common on herbage. No. 813, male; 814, female. Var. a. A transverse row of five white dots on the anterior edge of the head. No. 815. YeLLow-Backep Jassus, *J. fulvidorsum. Head, thorax and scu- tel sordid yellow, uninscribed ; elytra white, closely in- scribed with fuscous lines and points, and on the outer margin irregular spots. Length 0°25. On pines. No. 816, male; 817, female. Porntep Jassus, J.? acutus, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei., vi. 306. Found on hornbeam. No. 818, male. *ERYTHRONEURA. (Gr. epudpos, red, vevpov, nerve; in allusion to the color of por- tions of the elytral nerves in several of the species.) Head cres- centiform, about as broad as the thorax; vertex rounded down to the front without an angular edge; ocelli between the ver- tex and the front, almost as near each other as to the eyes: elytra without closed cells in the disk ; apical cells four, longish ; mid- dle apical nerve simple. Forward of the transverse nerve the ex- terior and middle nerves are sometimes obsolete. Fora group of our small Jassides, whose elongated linear bodies give them the aspect of Tettigoniides, no place appears among the genera de- fined by Amyot and Serville. This and the following genus is therefore proposed for their reception. Wounpep Eryruroneura, *E. vulnerata. Fulvous-brown spot- ted and lined with whitish; elytra with an abbreviated yellowish-white vitta on the outer margin, interrupted near the middle by an oblique black line, and towards the apex by an oblique sanguineous one; tips dusky, with whitish nervures and spots ; a whitish medial line common to the vertex, thorax and scutel; beneath No. 30.] 63 black, legs pallid. Length 0-12, On raspberry bushes, grape vines and other situations where the foliage is dense, often in great numbers. No. 819, male; 820, female. GRapE-vINE ErytTHRonevurA, E. vitis, (Harris.) Inj. Ins., p. 184. Inhabits with the preceding. No. 821, female. Auiiep Eryturoneura, *E. affinis. Pale yellow; elytra hyaline, spotted with light yellow, with a black dot on the inner margin towards the apex, and a broad yellowish brown band on the base. Allied to basillaris Say, but readily distinguished, being destitute of sanguineous markings. Length 0°12. No. 822, female. THREE-BANDED Eryturonevura, *E. tricincta. Pale yellow, with three broad bands, the anterior velvet-black, occupying the thorax and basal half of the scutel; the middle bright ferruginous ending outwardly in black, forward of the middle of the elytra, the posterior dusky brown, on the apex. Length 0:12. No. 823, female. Var. a. Anterior band sanguineous. No. 824. OBLIQUE-STRIPED Eryruronevura, E. obliqua, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., iv. 342. No. 825, male. Bran-vine Eryturonevura, E. fabe, (Harris.) Inj. Ins., p. 186. No. 826, male ; 827, female. * EMPOA. (Gr. ev, Upon, wo, herbage.) Differs from Erythroneura in having the apical nerve widely forked, forming a triangular api- cal cell, which is shorter than the three other terminal cells. Oax Empoa, E. querci. White; elytra pellucid, with three black- ish dots in a transverse row behind the middle. Length 0-12. On oaks, sometimes excessively numerous. No. 828, female. Scartet Empoa, E. coccinea. Scarlet-red, immaculate, pectus and venter orange, elytra brownish-pellucid. Length 0°10. Taken on pines. No. 829, male. 64 [Senate | FAMILY PSYLLID. PSYLLA. Geor. Turee-pottep Psyiua, *P. tripunctata. Wax-yellow, dorsum black ; legs and antenne pale yellow, the latter black at the tips; elytra hyaline, nerves brown, beyond the furcation widely margined with smoky-fulvous, a black- ish dot on the middle of the terminal margin of each of the inner apical cells. Length 0-16. No. 830, female. Four-tinep Pysuua, *P. quadrilineata. Bright fulvous; elytra hyaline, nerves blackish; four whitish longitudinal lines on the middle of the metathorax ; abdomen black with a yellow band at its base. Length 0°12. No. 831, female. Horwgeam Psyuua, *P. carpini. Light-green or greenish yellow; elytra hyaline, nerves light green. Length 0-16. Com- mon on the hornbeam, in July. No. 832, male; 833, female. : ANNULATED Psytia, *P. annulata. Straw yellow; legs white; elytra hyaline, nerves straw yellow; antenne black, basal half straw-yellow annulated with black. Length 0-15. Occurs on the sugar-maple. No. 834, male; 835, female. LIVIA. Lar. Vernay Livia, *L.vernalis. Bright ferruginous ; pectus and tips of antenne black; legs ferruginous-pallid. Length 0-15. Found in spring in vessels of sap of the sugar- maple. No. 836, male; 837, female. Buack-Leccep Livia, *L. femoralis. Bright ferruginous ; pectus, four forward femurs and tips of the antenne black. Perhaps not distinct from the preceding. Length, 0-15. Taken on a pine tree, in July. No. 838, female. No. 30.] 65 FAMILY APHID. APHIS. Lavy. AppLe-TREE Apuis, 4. mali, (Fab.) Ent. Syst. iv. 216. Com- mon on the under side of the leaves and tips of the young branches of the apple-tree. No. 839, male. CHERRY-TREE Apuis, 4. cerasi, (Fab.) Ent. Syst. iv. 211. Com- mon on the under side of the leaves of the garden cher- ry, (Cerasus vulgaris, Mill.) No. 840, male. CHERRY-INHABITING Aputs, *. cerasicolens. Palegreenish yel- low ; antenne and legs black, base of the femurs pallid ; nerves of the fore wings dusky, stigma pellucid white ; abdominal horns quite short. When irritated, the legs and antenne instantly emit from their pores a bluish white cotton-like substance, which remains adhering to them, resembling fine mould. Length 0-20 to the tips of the wings. On the common black-cherry-tree, (Cerasus serotina, DC.) No. 841, male. Berperry Apuis, */. berberidis. Black; pectus and abdomen pale yellow, tip black ; legs dusky ; larva and pupa pale, with a green or black vitta on each side of the back, parallel withthe outermargin. Length,0-10. On the under side of berberry leaves. No. 842, male; 843, female. Cazpace Apuis, 4. brassice, (Linn.) Syst. Nat. ii. 734. Common on the under side of cabbage leaves. No. 844, male. Si1x-weep Apuis, */. asclepiadis. Black; abdomen oie green ; sides with two rows of impressed fuscous dots, three in the lower, larger, five in the upper; abdominal horns nearly equalling the tip; stigma smoky-whitish ; nerves brown; the costal whitish. Length 0-15. Onthe lower vad of young leaves of the common silk- weed. No. 845, male. Dog woop-LEaF ees, *A. cornifolia. Apterous females black, subpruinose, obovate; legs pale yellow, feet black; antenne pale yellow, tips black ; horns nearly equalling the truncated tip of the abdomen. Length, 0:05, to tip of abdomen. On the under surface of the leaves of Cornus pamculata. No. 846, female. [ Senate, No. 30.] 5 66 : [SEnaTE Tuorn-Lear Apuis, */4. crategifolie. Black; abdomen green, with a row of blackish dots along each side; nerves of the fore wings whitish, black at their tips; tibie, except at their tips, and base of the femurs, green; horns nearly half equalling the tip of the abdomen. Length, 0-15. On the leaves of Crategus punctata, corrugating them. No. 847, male. Bracu-1nHAaBitTine Apuis, */. betulecolens. Sulphur-yellow; an- tenne deep black, two basal joints sulphur-yellow, the following joints white at their bases; stigma pellucid yellowish; nerves black, the costal and marginal sul- phur-yellow, base of the forked nerve hyaline; horns very short. Length, 0:18. No. 848, male. Mapie-trREE Apuis, 4. aceris, (Linn.) Syst. Nat. ii. 736. Our insect appears to correspond with the brief description given of this species. Occurs on the Acer pennsylvani- cum. No. 849, male. ; Evper-LeaF Apuis, *4. sambucifolie. Black; tibe and base of the femurs pallid; stigma dusky; nerves black, the furcate one hyaline at its base. Length, 0:15. On the under side of the leaves of the elder. No. 850, male. Pine-rnnapitine Apnis, *4. pinicolens. Straw-yellow, densely pruinose ; antenne black, bases pallid, with a fuscous annulus; fore wings with a fuscous spot on the apex of each nerve; nerves brown, hyaline at their bases, the costal straw-yellow; horns very short. Length, 0-25. Solitary on the pine. No. 851, male. PopLar-LeAF Aputs, *4. populifolie. Chestnut-brown, pruinose ; legs hairy, black, above the knees pale brown; stigma ” smoky fulvous, margined with black; nerves brown; tergum with two dorsal rows of impressed, quadrate, fuscous spots, and on each side two rows of impressed dots; horns equalling a third of the distance to the tip. Length, 0:22. On the leaves of the Populus grandidentata. No. 852, male. Cone-FLowEer Apuis, */. rudbeckia. Red; antenne and legs black, basal half of the femurs pale yellow ; horns equal- ling the tip ; stigma yellowish ; nerves brown, the costal sulphur-yellow ; Length, 0:20. Infests the upper part of the stalks of Rudbeckia laciniata, Solidago serotina and S. gigantea. No. 853, male. No. 30. | 67 LACHNUS. I:1ice. Spruce-TrRee Lacunus, *L. abietis. Apterous females pubescent, broad oval, blackish clouded with lurid brown, with a faint cinereous dorsal vitta; venter lurid, pruinose, with a black spot near the tip; antenne sordid-white, with a black annulus at the apex of each joint. Length 0:15 to tip of the abdomen. Occurs on the Abies nigra. No. 854, female. Oax-LeaF Lacunvs, *L. quercifolie. Light yellow; antenne pel- lucid white, with a slender black annulus at the tip of each joint ; fore wings with a blackish spot on the apex of each nerve and a deep black dot on the base of the curved apical nerve; stigma whitish. Length to tip of wings 0-15. On the leaves of the white oak. No. 855, male. Wittow Lacunus, *L. salicellis. Black; tibie and base of the antenne obseure pallid; base and costal margin of the fore wings yellowish-white. Length 0-08. On the young succulent twigs of willow trees. No. 856, male. Awper-LeaF Lacunus, *L. alnsfolie. Apple-green; antenne greenish-white, with four black annuli; legs greenish- white, tarsi, knees, and line on the posterior side of the tibie black; wings hyaline, the three oblique nerves black. Length,9-10. Onalder leaves. No. 857, male. Eim Lacunus, L. ulmi, (Linn.) Syst. Nat. ii. 733. Solitary, on the under side of elm leaves. No. 858, male. Poprar Lacuyus, L. populi, (Linn.) Syst. Nat. ii. 736. On the under side of the young leaves of Populus grandidentata. No. 859, male; 860, larva. ERIOSOMA,. Lezacu. AppLe-TREE Buieut, E. lanigera, (Hausman.) Illiger’s Magaz. vol. i. p. 440. Myzoxylus mali, (Blot.) Mem. Soe. Agricult. de Caen, 1830, p. 38. On the bark of young branches of the apple, to which tree, in Europe, it has been a great pest. Commonly only solitary individuals are here found, and in but one instance, have I met with it clustered and covering a limb as described by foreign writers. No. 861, male. 68 | SenaTE AppLe-noot Bricut, *E. pyri. Black, more or less pruinose, with a tuft of cotton-like down on the tergum and com- monly a smaller one on the head; fore wings hyaline, with a Jarge black stigma and nerves, the externo- medial nerve hyaline towards its base; inner edge black from the base to the apex of the first nerve, hyaline beyond. Length, 0-20. Common on the wing in groves, in autumn. On the roots of a young apple tree brought me from a nursery, excrescences were observed, the crevices in which were found to be covered with small lice-like larve, among which some winged individuals occurred, which proved on exami- nation to be this species, from which circumstance its habits are inferred and its name bestowed. No. 862, male. Auper Buieut, *E. tessellata. Dull bluish-black; tergum with the segments marked by strongly impressed lines and covered by white down in square checker-like spots. Length,0-16. On the under side of branches of the alder, (Alnus rubra, Marsh.) crowded together and concealed beneath a dense covering of snow-white down. I have searched in vain for winged individuals of this species. No. 863. 7 Brecu-TkEE Bureut, EL. wmbricator. Blaek; three last segments | of the abdomen blue-pruinose ; stigma brown; longitu- dinal nerve and a line on the middle of the inner margin black. Female (?) winged; abdomen fulvous, with a black spot on the disk; legs pallid. Larva pallid, with 2 fuscous dorsal stripes; posterior half of the abdomen covered with a tuft of cotton-like down, from which proceeds two longer and coarser filaments. Length,0-22. On the under sides of the branches of the beech tree, covered with snow-white down. On the slightest jar of the branch, a shower of tiny drops of a water-like fluid falls from these insects. Having met with no description of the E. fagi, (Linn.,) or its habits, I am unable to ascertain whether that insect is dissimilar to ours. No. 864, male; 865, female (2); 866, larva. — Wen obec No. 30.] 69 Pine-Tree Buireut, *E. strobt. Black, pubescent, subpruinose ; a dorsal row of white meal-like spots on the tergum ; fore wings with the costal margin, the apical and two inner basal nerves, black. Length, 0-20. Common on branches of the white pine, giving to the bark of infested trees a peculiar black appearance. Belongs to a nondescript genus, intermediate between this and Lachnus. No. 867, male; 868, female. BRYSOCRYPTA. WHatrrpay, Wircu-HazeL Brysocrypta, *B. hamamelidis. Males black, prui- nose; wings hyaline; nerves brown; legs whitish ; knees and tarsi black. Larva smaller, brown. Length, 0:09. Inhabits conical follicles on the upper surface of witch-hazel leaves; each follicle contains about a dozen individuals, and has a small orifice in the under surface of the leaf. No. 869, male; 870,larva; 871, its follicle. FAMILY COCCIDA. Our species of this family have not as yet been investigated in their living state. The dried shield-like bodies of the dead fe- males have been met with on severai of our indigenous trees. In addition to the species so abundant upon the apple-tree, and cur- rently regarded as the Coccus arborum-linearts of Geoffroy, (speci- men No. 872,) the following may serve as New-York examples of this family: The Willow Coccus, *C. salicis, is ferruginous with obsolete black spots, has an oval nearly hemispheric form, and measures 0°20 in length, (No. 873.) The Linden Coceus, *C. tilie, the largest of our species that have been observed, is ferru- ginous, hemispheric, and measures 0°24, (No. 874.) Both these species have the usual slit at the posterior end, and are wrinkled transversely. 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AA ” ¥ P| . nt fyosir tit cd ae Tom: ove. eliatteds Rig id bes sf ‘ if bey ais } “4 {i} rs} \3 f Prag ety eo ¢ es ’ 1 "to hike aor-atlirda ot cot 1d Baas tae ttt pean hi 4 “ \ ; ‘fun ‘ vis al ie | ‘ vEF i4) 4 Tish i P Piel PTR 2. ea rt "1 “ ; ® oie Hy £ y ' ’ . r iy ; i ; , ha: te; s rien , f é iv, FR > os : ‘ f% eee 77? “oh T; 9s , s ¥ f ; Ne | ; * « r \ .¢ ; 4 Aaiw atorriatwe, why Hae) Ey ‘ : 4 b « S 2 fi The, pre : #} ay Perey ? ao : 3 in } ae “te v Z ’ ’ ant i ee 1 i 1 Pa r nergy ‘ ; ff Ire {f La { hie wt at Hii (F : 0 nail a a4 . er " j . = { p “ \ EL ie 5 sy irre TPE yee Apa ae wat: Vet oh wth wrivy ys toygaat ; ‘ 4 wh, i * G 7 : ; . ve ot ;* > i he 2. ae A .. 4 m f r ve i 5 rt . Fon lineal ws i ‘ e { f cj ; a Pet . Tet: at esi Tite Leese Hi ‘ m1 "s ' . . , “|= § iL : ’ ‘ i a . wD \ ’ ¢ ~ ’ 7 ' ” ry 7 . . g ef % ’ } ’ nf i ‘ - ‘ ; , : i . c “ad . 4 ¢ j bs ’ joa (D. ) ao ae a From Prof. James Hatt. Dirca patustris. Leather Wood. Specimens of the wood and bark. \ From Tuomas Ricu, of the schooner Commodore. ArtocaRpus incisA, (Bread fruit.) A specimen of the shell of the bread fruit. From the West Indies. From Bens. Mix, of Albany. Bovista cranitrormis, (D. Schweintz.) Cranium-shaped' puff- ball, fifteen inches in diameter. From Saratoga county. From Dr. Cuartes Martin, U.S. Navy. A nut used by the Indians for burning, for the purpose of color- ing the India rubber. From the Amazon river. A nutmee inclosed within the inner husk or mace. From Mar- tinique. Two nuts, unknown. (@) THATON SicF axnall teed ont i. even boow eel To. aoe anyinage fro W rodlonE aipecitte’ ) Ret worglng orf te ond sieeile w ffoka” att Yo -weutinnye f { dist havortl } ASraRE & ‘ ‘ Oe ee wpibeal tr W auf aaere Ty, ‘thir acre . { is _s yee A Tei oes va inall ton Rog fsqade-omioe ¢. Stabe toe AL)’ exvhiventie -TisEe> spatdnst unr". ,watomnify al coos esipa Ut, r ‘Va ¥ anat moma ds'igaid et ce ~wiloo "ho amu pind ot mt yslarud gol esol Bad adi vie mvt mare A. ant nun “seaddedars abhol adr Q “ | ae mont - .oauat 10 Leurl vite od aiiw fosotoat a x ge (E.) LIST MINERALS, GEOLOGICAL SPECIMENS AND FOSSILS, | ADDED TO THE Siate Cabinet of Natural History, FROM JANUARY 1, 1850, TO JANUARY 1, 1851, ———— oh mile” (VA, HAAMIOAT? «LAQIOOUORD. A te ae ee mug | pei namtnts Fo byt stl Joni ob VAL HAS on oaat peo oi Mont “ft Ei a, f - a i bs | > © : . ’ . , 7 " ‘ q j j &} r , ‘ 8 a § sy (ore SPP, we \ MINERALS. DONATIONS. From Mitton Suexpon, of Ellenville, Ulster county. Four specimens of sutpHuRET oF tron, from the Shawangunk mountain, near Ellenville. From Turopore Trep, of Croton, Westchester county. A large specimen of trourma.ine, (Schorl.) From Croton. A BAR oF rron, made from ore found at Anthony’s Nose. From Joun Fircn, Esq., of Troy, Rensselaer county. A specimen of caLcarrous spar, taken from the tunnel of the Albany and Stockbridge railroad, near Canaan, Colum- bia county. From Francis Saurus, Esq., of the city of New-York. A specimen of eraruite, from his lands in Essex county, N. Y. From Arnotp Woop, of New Scotland, Albany county. A specimen of Boe 1ron ore, colored by manganese, from the town of New Scotland. From Oscar Wet, of Albany. STELLATE CRYSTALS OF SULPHURET OF IRON, on green jaspery slate. From Tueropore Trep, of Cortlandtown, Westchester county. Specimens of Prroxipe or rron, (Limomite) from Cortdlantown, Westchester county. 76 [SenaTE From Aurrep O. Currier of Troy. PsrupomorpHovs crystats of Specular Iron, imbedded in quartz- ose rock, from Chittenden, Vermont. From Mrs. JANE VAN VECHTEN. Gavena, from I]linois. From Atmerin Marks, Esq., of Durham, Greene Co. Copper pyrites. Two specimens ; from Bristol, Connecticut. Garena, from Illinois. SULPHURET oF 1RON, from Lockport. GREEN CARBONATE OF COPPER. Two specimens. Docg-rootH spar. Two specimens, from Lockport. From N. T. Rayysrorp and Apin W. Darns, of Albany. Iron ore. From Fort Henry, Essex county. From Doct. Cuartes Martin, of the United States Navy. CARBONATE OF COPPER. Irom the mines of St Jago De Cuba. YELLOW AND VITREOUS SULPHURETS OF coPPER. Five specimens. From the mines of St. Jago De Cuba. Native coprer. Two specimens. From the mines of St. Jago De Cuba. SULPHURET OF IRON AND COPPER. From the mines of St. Jago De Cuba. Quartz containing crystals of Sulphuret of Tron. From the mines of St. Jago De Cuba. Quartz PEBBLE. From Prof. James Hatt, of Albany. RED OXIDE OF ZINC, WITH FRANKLINITE. From Franklin, N. Jersey. Four specimens. ‘Massive FRANKLINITE. From Franklin, N. Jersey. FRANKLINITE, CRYSTALIZED. From Franklin, N. Jersey. FRANKLINITE AND CARBONATE OF LIME, From Franklin, N. Jersey. JeFFERSONITE. From Franklin, N. Jersey. No. 30.] 77 From Wituram H. Grant, of Barrytown, New-York. Seven Lenticutar concretions. From the black shale of the Hudson River group, quarried out in making excava- tions for the track of the Hudson river railroad, about four miles north of Stuyvesant Landing, Columbia county These concretions are flattened, and were found piled upon each other horizontally, the larger one occupying the base and the smaller one the apex, thus forming a regular tapering up- right cone. The diameter of the largest concretion is one foot, and of the smallest six inches; and the aggregate height of all is eleven inches. A vertical nucleus appears to pass through the centre of the mass, around which the flattened spheroids were - formed. The law of segregation, or rather molecular attraction, will explain and account for the formation of the several con- cretions ; but the general principle or law, which governed the whole mass, and produced symmetry of form and harmony of arrangement, is not fully understood, and is worthy of conside- ration. | The appearance of the spheroids as they were found imbedded in the shale, will be more fully comprehended from the follow- ing drawing : 4 78 [Suvare The following communication of Mr. Grant describes the local- ity, &c., where the concretions were obtained : ‘The concretions I forwarded a few days since, for the State Geological Cabinet, were found in the rock excavations for the , Hudson River Railroad, about four miles north of Stuyvesant (Kinderhook) landing. They were imbedded in the rock (the common black shale of the Hudson river group) from twelve to eighteen feet below the surface, on the face of a ledge, and were loosened and partly removed by a blast. The rock at this local- ity has the usual dip to the east of 45° or more, but that imme- diately surrounding the concretions is characterized by the warp. ed and tortuous and rather loose stratifications frequently seen where a vertical surface for any distance is exposed. It is also rather moist, and fifteen or twenty yards distant so wet as to be difficult of blasting. I was not present when these specimens were first exposed ; but, on careful inquiry, find that the foreman and laborers at work on the spot, concur in saying that they were in a horizon- tal position, resting on each other, the largest at the bottom, and tapering upward in the conical form in which they were packed when sent to the Geological rooms. Whether these constitute the whole of the series, or whether they belong to the same se- ries or not, Iam unable to say, as there were several others, numbering in all perhaps 25 or 30, thrown out at the same time by blasts that were, unfortunately, broken, and many of the frag- ments lost. Whatever may have been the number in the series, from the best evidence I have, they were placed independent of _ the stratifications of the rock, the layers nearly or quite horizon- tal, and diminishing symmetrically in size from the base to the top. The broken pieces that I have obtained, and one specimen entire, present:a more symmetrical appearance than those which I have sent, and the stem-like formation in the centre which ap- parently connected them together, is more clearly marked. As these are the first concretions of the kind that I have dis- covered in the course of several years experience in the excava- No. 30.] “ 79 tion of work of a similar description, I have deemed them of suf- ficent interest, though not much versed in the subject, to present them to the State Cabinet of Natural History. WILLIAM H. GRANT. ) From Sunzivan Bounron, Esq., of Church’s Mills, St. Lawrence County. A CRYSTAL OF CALCAREOUS spaR, from Governeur, St. Lawrence county. This crystal is more than a foot in diameter, and weighs seven- ty-five pounds. KZ : GEOLOGICAL, INCLUDING FOSSILS. DONATIONS. From Henry Rovssrau, of Troy. Hyprrstuene, with imperfect Garnets. Broken from a boulder of 1,000 lbs. lying in the Water Works’ creek in the north part of the city of Troy, on the side hill, nearly one | mile east of the Hudson river. Rock in place, in the north part of Lewis county, 200 miles northwest from where the boulder was found. From Puitire W. Groot, Esq., of Albany. FostTER’s GEOLOGICAL CHART AND KEY. From Turopore Teep, of Cortlandtown, Westchester county. A specimen of cranire, from Cortlandtown ; also, A specimen of enetss, (polished.) From J. A. Hurst, of Utica, Oneida county. A piece of “ TtasLe rock,” from Niagara Falls; broken off from that portion which fell in the month of June, 1850. From Atmerin Marks, Esq., of Durham, Greene county. Several rock specimens from the Hamilton group, containing petrifactions of Delthyris mucronata, atrypa, &c. From Joun Fircn, Esq., of Troy. Two specimens of timestoneg, from John I. Budd’s quarry, Scho- dack, Rensselaer county. No. 30.] 81 From Prof. James Hatz, of Albany. Cast of a portion of the lower jaw of pALZOTHERIUM. The original was found in the tertiary formation of the valley of the Upper Missouri. By Purchase. HoMALONOTUS DELPHINOCEPHALUS, (Hall.) Fossil from the Nia- gara Group, Lockport. [Senate, No. 30.] 6 LIST OF MINERALOGICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SPECIMENS: RECEIVED FROM FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, A. M., M. D. OF SOMERVILLE, ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY, N. Y. The following is Dr. Hoveu’s description of the specimens : Nos. 1 to 20. Catcarrous spar. Found associated with Pearl Spar at a new locality on the banks of the Oswegatchie river, near the village of Church’s Mills, Rossie, St. Lawrence county. Several interesting crystalline forms have been observed here, some of which are believed to be new, or at least not hitherto found in this State. The accompanying figures represent several modifications. Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. No. 30.] 83 Figs. 1, 2,3, represent modifications of the pyramid of the scalene dodecahedron, in which the summit is replaced by a single hexagonal plane, perpendicular to the axis of the crystal. In fig. 2, every alternate solid angle at the summit, is replaced by a plane with cleavage parallel to its surface, and therefore a part of the primary rhombahedron. In fig. 3, these planes are enlarged so as to reduce the terminal plane to a triangle, and in fig. 4, this plane is entirely destroyed, and the crystal presents the usual form of the d¢naire, of Haiiy, or a scalene dodecahedron with a summit of three rhomboidal faces. The measurement of these planes are caleulated as follows: O. on R., 113° 17’; O on P., 142° 14’; as derived from the measure of the angles P. on R., and R. on R., as given in the State report on mineralogy, page 219. All of these forms occur in the specimens transmitted to the State collection. It is very probable that actual measurement might give different angles from those calculated above. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. [W/\7 Figs. 5, 6,7, represent modifications observed in the pyramid, by the extension of some of the planes, and the extinction of others. Fig. 8, represents a common form at the locality. The reéntrant planes indicate its compound character. When but partly developed, it presents in certain positions the appearance of a low four sided pyramid. In some instances the pyramid is modified by six additional planes which make the summit a little more obtuse, as is represented in fig. 9. 84 [| SenaTE 21. Caxcarrous spar. Governeur, St. Lawrence county. It occurs imbedded in clay, and is very compact. One crys- tal from this locality was more than a foot in diameter, and weighed seventy-five pounds. This has been presented to the State Cabinet by Sullivan Boulton, Esq., the finder. 22,23. Fosstus oF THE CHAzY LIMESTONE. Found in a boulder. The parent rock of this mass cannot be less than 70 miles distant. 24 to 29. Catcargous spar. Vrooman’s Lake, Antwerp, Jeffer- son county. Fig. 10, The crystalline forms observed at this locality are intermedi- ate between the primary rhombahedron, and the hexahedral No. 30.] 85 prism with low, three-sided pyramids as terminations. Great _ Similarity exists among the crystals of this locality, and the ac- companying sketch, fig. 10, represents a very prevalent compound form. 30. Porspam sanpstonE, With lines apparently of stratification, crossing it in two directions. 31. Spivette. This mineral occurs in Rossie, near Somerville, associated with chondrodite, graphite, &c., in white limestone. 32, 33, 34,35. CuHonpropite. Locality of preceding. This mineral, hitherto rare in northern New-York, was found in great quantity in the spring of 1850, in white limestone, with its usual associates of spinelle and small quantities of graphite. It is disseminated throughout a ledge of white limestone, and exists in great abundance. The locality is three-fourths of a mile W.N. W. of Somerville village, on the land of Mr. Alfred Day. The mineral occurs of various shades of yellow and orange, some- timesincliningtored. Thespinelle is of a dul! reddish tinge, and in small crystals translucent. The largest crystals observed (3 of an inch on a side) were opake, but the faces of the crystals are usually smooth and bright. The singular association of these minerals has been observed in Orange county, and other sections.of the Union. Thisis the first abundant locality observed in St. Lawrence county. See State Mineralogy, page 282. 36 to 39. Peart spar. Associated with calcareous spar, (No. 1-20.) Rossie. AQ,41. Spuene. Found in a hornblende boulder, associated with erystals of the latter minerals. Rossie, St. Law- rence county. 42. CRysTALizep cast 1r0oN. From the furnace of Messrs. Skin- ner and Blish, Church’s Mills. Rossie. This most interesting specimen, with three or four others, was produced in the fall of 1819, by the concurrence of numerous cir- cumstances which seldom coincide. Having shown this forma- tion to numerous practical founders and iron manufacturers, and 86 [Sexate to several distinguished chemists, none of whom had ever seen anything like it before, I am inclined to believe the specimen to be unique. It formed on the inside of a cavity made by the escape of liquid iron, as the “‘ pig bed” was broken up, soon after casting from the furnace. The ore was derived in part from the Sterling iron mime in Jefferson county, which ore has for one of its associates the sul- phuret of nickel. Fragments of the carbonate of iron, specular ore, and the other minerals from this locality afford traces of nickel when carefully tested, and it may be probable that cast iron made from this ore is in reality an alloy of nickel and iron. A partial examination was made of this ore, and the iron from it by Mr. 8. W. Johnson, in the laboratory of Yale College. A. thorough analysis will be made at a future time. It is well known that those meteoric masses of native iron which have been examined chemically, have nearly uniformly been found to contain nickel; sometimes it is as high as twelve per cent, and that they possess a remarkable crystalline structure. I have been able to find but two authentic analyses of metal- lic erolites which did not possess a crystalline structure. The crystalline structure in these specimens is seldom apparent externally, but becomes so by polishing and etching with acids. The crystalline forms presented in the cast iron, are the tetra- hedron and octahedron with their surfaces and their edges brist- ling with points, which, when examined by a lens, appear to be themselves fringed with smaller and more delicate needles, at right angles with the axis to which they are attached, and gradu- ally diminishing in length as they approach its point. 43. CRYSTALIZED SPECULAR 1R0N, from the farm of Joel Smith, Go- verneur, St. Lawrence county. Mining operations have been commenced at this locality, and one or two tons of the ore have been raised. The rock in which it occurs (primary limestone) has never in this section of the No. 30.] 87 State proved a valuable repository for metals, and the workings will doubtless be shortly abandoned. The ore is associated with quartz, (No. 44,) carbonate of lime in crystals and incrustrations upon other minerals, (No. 45) and a reddish brown calcareous spar, (No. 46) which presents curved and broken surfaces on cleavage. The white limestone which furnishes this ore, is overlaid at this locality with Potsdam sandstone, thus furnishing one in- stance in addition to the many I have observed in this vicinity, pro- ving at least the relative age of the two formations, although it af- fords no criterion by which to decide the disputed question of their ortgtn. | As the relation of the rocks and the ore is somewhat interest- ing, I insert a figure to represent them. aif = Tal In pu l eae ||| ome Mp eet ||| SS) a \j if ae —_ tt Si] —= |} {0 iH Pr ee a A\\s gre Sven lll 4 REFERENCES. a. Soil. 6. Potsdam sandstone. c. White limestone. 88 [Senate d. Iron ore deposited in strings and masses through the rock. e. Red and coarsely crystalline limestone. 47, SpEcULAR IRON oRE, of a soft sectile texture, like red chalk, from the farm of James Morse, Governeur, St. Lawrence county. This place has also been recently wrought for iron ore, and several tons of a quality like this, and No. 48, (more silicious and gritty) have been procured. It is in and under Potsdam sand- stone, and appears to exist abundantly. The sandstone of “this vicinity is in many places highly colored with iron, which ren- ders it harder and less liable to decay upon exposure. The sur- faces of the rock appear every where studded with projecting masses of this ferruginous mixture. No.49 represents one of these masses. In the immediate vicinity of this locality, and in the same field, is a deposite of Scary rron rroru, (No. 50.) of an extremely unctuous character, and dark red color. It possesses but slight cohesive properties, and has been used with great advantage in diminishing the friction of wagon wheels and heavy machinery. It may be used successfully in sharpening razors, polishing eut- lery, imparting a metallic coat for eleetrotype purposes, and for all other uses to which plumbago is applied, except where the color would be an objection. It occurs in white limestone and apparently in large quantities, associated with the following: 51, 52. SunpHare or sBaryTes. Of a highly crystalline and cleavable variety. The color is snow white when not stained by the iron; in some cases it is nearly transparent, and in others it is filled with angu- lar cavities from the high crystalline development which it exhibits. The edges of the plates which form the cavities do not often present crystalline planes, yet several have been observed which besides the more common forms represent the modifications represented in the following figures: (11, and 12.) I I No. 30.] 89 Fig. 11. Fig. 12. The surface often presents a columnar appearance, as is repre- sented in specimen, No. 53. Besides this mineral, there is found with the micaceous ore, a hard silicious mineral, of dark color, and conchoidal fracture, (No. 54,) a porous and stratified variety of the same, (No. 55,) and a white spongy mass (No. 56,) apparently the heavy spar partially decomposed by exposure to the weather. 57. Dark GREEN SERPENTINE. Associated with the rock in the vicinity of the above locality. The iron froth and the heavy spar of the locality above des- cribed, appear to occupy separate veins, which vary constantly in width, and change in character within short distances. Their relation is shown in the following section: SS—— = = oO) SSS = 5 SS —-S ) +, oe eid ff ie TOW uta Rls » {3 Pe ag af, « 5d hae? 23548 t 2 E r ysis f ' 62,9 e My 7 a ‘ ~ - wel # . bape, eK hp | ro etn LUA ad Ah vie \ Pe * h, 4 Pod ahh ey > wo { ily ° A ' rt : ia | 3G! my : * ee , Sees ‘> Ty j ) Lat 8 ‘ ‘ 34 , str 4 hi mate ad Mc. dete re ist 1) Ye a 1. DOT | kaw 2 \ P . WOQ0H HA 89 sory nhyun aumpuy uo) sadod ay. ban handiu0sy -garn0g vg $ fJoaboyomponsodde aauasarp'y 75° 242 Jo auoys 24240 ONILNI Wd NVIONI TT] = ST] en RS —— Seana ay = a ———— — —— I. : ——— = = ee | SS ' RG GSS N= , Aww Ss & : SS | SE P=! <= SS — S =) es Cas = i] > S . . Fgh ges Aye 2 S 8 | dae | se REE» , \ Ss 8 PS i iS SS \ Q ‘3 Q iS s RS e . : Rg = &, SS S s x S Sars & AV) \ 5 a) ~I ?, Y | WN Mie, eS S 4 he % ‘3 Qui Xe ce & We S Ne Casieae = S we See ae $ unl a ea Aor! YY e , oe = \\ Yr iyo mse & me 2S NWAWAW AWA, mS . Y yy ss WM MS Ne Vy Mie \\ 1.\\ 1), ey i er w Vy 83 0 OU EN M/A Y 25 ml | OH tia ait Mi IN ge vy? j y; : ee a SS 9PV4.40) DAN you 8 jy eee Ae oe ee bieseste SESE SSS 3 s © ate ae Wa S Yy yj 28 > = ty yy 3s — D, S c Gi ope : Uy Vs a Suk a j Mites S| CAE ~S ii | aly a | 6 wy S iS dl By = ; 8 S a! Ol eg . ie a S tie, p> tp ad be il Or. ip AA y oa P 8! op es Ct gy Mp Bos => S y, Op Gh- = pO \ bs By wy TAM Guy er ee Gi \\y Zap yi Wy y ai... “ aKa PANY H\\\ N°? 8 TRACE OF AN On lot no. 2 in the town of Rodman Jeff, Co. near the restdence of Jared Kreeman Visited and Surveyed JUNE 1850 BY FRANKLIN 8. HOUGH M.D. Lith. of R.H. Pease, Albany KY. Pine stiineyp on Sethe bank 3 ftdvam a y 4 a ee ae ge Be oulder of Gnetss rockased “4, : Rie gracaing stone tools \) IAW aN vat —----“. tn a Se by A) = RY Tey Creek =<—~“« ry Hou se of N | Freemjan| BR wy, Z To Watertown. 6 miles >> fet ae VG i NS ee 5 a Whe ‘ 4 vi i ; ’ MA wee \ “ss we cy

; Bae Bye, Se = a % e 2. ey SE Se eee = ree : SS ne ! U2? Q = a Presbyterian Ss o \Church | S| = ' a = Se a ee ee 8S) S Ss Rl a ~ a 10 20 JS0 Scale of Rods Public <—K iM 7 | (HL) NOTICES OF ANCIENT REMAINS OF ART, IN JEFFERSON AND ST. LAWRENCE COUNTIES BY FRANKLIN 8B. HOUGH, M. D., OF SOMERVILLE, ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY. In addition to the remains of ancient works in the town of Leray, Jefferson county, described in the last annual report of the Regents, on the condition of the State Cabinet, page 101, the - writer has been able to ascertain the existence of one or two others in that town, but now so obliterated that no trace remains The principal of these was about five miles from the village of Watertown, near the red tavern, on the plank road to Evans’ mills. It was situated on the margin of a small stream, a branch of West creek, (the same whose source is marked on plan No. 2, of my article of last year,) and in a level sandy plain at the western extremity of the pine plains, a strongly marked feature of this section of the country. | Nothing can be gathered concerning it, except that it was a nearly circular enclosure, and consisted of a low mound or ridge of earth, with gateways or intervals along its course at irregular distances. Some of the largest pine trees of the forest grew upon and within the bank. The neighboring fields for- merly yielded the usual variety of fragments of pottery, and rude implements of bone, steatite and flint. The present highway to Antwerp passes across the eastern margin of this enclosure, and the area is mostly occupied by houses and gardens. This work is in the immediate vicinity of the post-office, named Sanford’s corners. 104 [Senate Remains of ancient art have been observed in three different localities in the town of Watertown, Jefferson county, all of which are situated on the brows of hills, or on elevated grounds above the level of the lake ridges. One of these is on the land of Wm. Lampson, near the residence of Joseph Gibbs, half a mile east of Burrville, and about a quarter of a mile from the town line of Rutland, on lot No. 31, of the township survey. It con- sisted of a crescent, running across an elevated ridge, the steep banks of which completed the enclosure, and would have ren- dered it a very suitable position for defence. No graves were found within or around it, and there is much reason to believe that it was a military work, belonging to a period long subse- quent to that of many others in this section of the State. On the hill side is 2 spring of water, and within the enclosure is a large boulder of gneiss, which has been worn smooth and concave in places, by the rubbing of stone implements. On a point of land across the deep valley on the west, and directly opposite, I picked up a cast iron ball, weighing eight ounces. Several of these have at various times been found by the inhabitants, and this leads to the conjecture that they may have a connection with the history of the work. With the exception of iron balls I have been unable to learm | the existence of other metallic articles from this locality, although fragments and implements of aboriginal workmanship have been abundant. No trace of the original mound is now left, and the accompanying sketch, (No. 6,) was drawn under the direction of one of the early settlers who was familiar with it when the coun- try was first cleared. _ This site being on the line ras Montreal and Onondaga, may we not reasonably conclude that this may have been a ¢amp or station a the French, at the period w aie! they Wooo ip This inquiry can never be answered, and we are left to —_ the history with such feeble assistance as may be drawn from a few scattered memorials. On lot No. 29, in the town of Watertown, there formerly ¢ exis- ted two trench endlogaren. One of these was on the farm of No. 30.] 105 Anson Hungerford Esq., and ‘is now entirely obliterated ‘by the cultivation of nearly fifty years. Its place and relative position is represented in outline, on sketch No. 7, which accompanies this paper. It is said to have resembled the work near it, had gateways or intervals along its course at irregular distances, and was sur- rounded by a ditch so deep that a team could not be drivenacross it without great difficulty. A short distance from this, on the same range and Jot, and on premises now owned by Asa Goodenough, is another trench still in perfect preservation, and by far the most distinct of any I have seen in northern New-York. This locality is three miles south-east of Watertown village, on the summit of a gradually sloping natural terrace of Trenton limestone, in the edge of an open wood, and-commands‘an exten- sive and pleasant’ prospect. . Elms three feet in diameter are found growing upon the bank, while within the enclosure are found the decaying remains of oak and other trees still larger. In one place, on the south-western side, the bank is about six feet above the bottom of the ditch. A section of the bank, and. plan of this work (No. 7) accompany this description. In the north-western corner of the town of Rodman, Jefferson county, there formerly existed a remarkable enclosure, which by long cultivation has been obliterated. An outline of the work, as near as can now be known, together with a description, was furnished me by Mr. Jared Freeman, the owner of the land, who was familiar with its appearance when every part was entire. It occurs on lot No. 2, in a gently sloping field, near one of the small sources of Stony creek, and consisted of a double bank, with an intervening crescent-shaped space, and a short bank running down to the stream, which may have been the remains of a dam or a covered way to the water. Beaver dams are common on the stream, but this has not the appearance usually seen in’ them. Within the inner enclosure there was plowed up a large quantity 106 [Sevate of corn, over an area of about one rod by eight. This was charred either by fire, or long exposure to the action of the elements, and must have been an immense grainery, or a cache, or hiding place for grain. It is estimated that there must have been several hun- dred bushels that were plowed out. Charred corn was found nowhere else except at this particular spot, although the adjacent fields have furnished an unusual abundance of stone and earthen-ware fragments. Just within the enclosure is a large boulder of gneiss rock of very hard texture, in which are seen two or three broad, shallow depressions, doubtless worn by the grinding of stone implements. These smooth depressions were twelve inches across, and from one to two deep. No other part of the mass presents a smooth surface. Directly upon the mound there stillstands a pine stump, which, although partly decayed, still has a diameter of five and a half feet, at a height of three feet from the ground. An out- line of this work is represented in plan No. 8. In the vicinity of Perch lake, in the town of Pamelia, Jefferson county, near the mouth of a small stream known as Lowel creek, and on an estate commonly called the “ Lafarge place,” there formerly existed a number of earthen mounds, probably burial - places, all of which, except one, have been levelled by cultiva- tion. The original number or exact locality of these barrows or tu- muli, cannot now be ascertained. They may have numbered half a dozen, and were considered as objects of curiosity by the early settlers. The one now remaining stands on an elevated bank that gradually descends with an intervening plain to the lake shore, and commands a pleasant prospect. It is in the im- mediate vicinity of the mansion (now in ruins) built by Mr. La- farge, the former proprietor of large tracts of land in the vicinity. It has a diameter of about thirty feet, a present elevation of three feet, with a depression in the centre, and is circular in form. The relics formerly found in the adjacent fields indicate tha this was anciently a favorite haunt of the aborigines. So far as OO EE No. 30.] 107 the writer could learn, no excavations have ever been made at this place to ascertain the existence of relics or bones in the mound. A semicircular trench formerly existed in the town of Oswe- gatchie, St. Lawrence county, on lot No. 40, (western sub- division,) on the farm now owned by Benjamin Pope. A small portion in the present highway is the only part now visible, but on the first settlement of the country a complete semicircle could be very plainly traced. Within the bank was a ditch two feet deep. No bones have been found here, although an unusual abundance of earthen-ware fragments formerly occurred here. Stone implements and flint arrows, also were frequently found in and around the work. In this instance we observe a departure from the plan observed in most other works in this section of the State, in which a com- plete enclosure was formed, either by an artificial mound of earth, or in part by some natural barrier, as a stream, or the brow of a hill. In the present example none such existed, and the work consisted simply of an open crescent. A sketch of this work is represented in plan No. 9. Several other works remain to be described, particularly in Jefferson county, but the foregoing is all that the writer has been able to examine during the past year. Connected with our primitive history, and forming a link in the chain of events that preceded our existence as a State government, are several specimens of rude painting upon the rocks on the Canadian shore of the St. Lawrence river, which although not within our territory, yet may belong to our history, and are here inserted. They may hereafter be found to confirm or illustrate some recorded incident, and are examples of the symbolical records employed to preserve the memory of events. Directly opposite to the village of Morristown, and a little below Brockville, are two localities where paintings may be seen, They appear to have been executed in red ochre ; are about three 108 | [Senate feet above the average surface of the river in summer, and traced — in the rudest manner upon ‘the vertical face of the cliff. They are some fifty rods apart. The lower one represents a canoe ‘with six individuals, and a cross as represented in the following sketch: 7% al aatie A Every part is still very distinct. The cross is about twelve inches high, and the whole is drawn in that proportion. It evi- dently was the work of converted Indians, and cannot date back further than the period of the Jesuit missions in the seventeenth century. Above this, and nearer the town of Brockville, are painted two canoes, each with six persons. The boats are about ten inches long, and have the relative size and distance represented in the following figure : “il rc as hike ‘ eal ‘| . : i. je a No. 30.] 109 The left hand figure is blurred, and represents besides the boat an object that could not be determined. It is much like that in the figure. More interesting than these, is a painting done apparently in vermilion, in Elizabeth township, C. W., about one fourth of a mile above the village of Oak Point, in Hammond, St. Lawrence county. It represents a batteau, or canoe, with thirty-five per- sons, and a cross. The cross is about one foot high, and the boat four feet long. The lines representing men (7?) are strokes half an inch wide, and ten inches long, and it is like those above described, about three feet above the water’s edge. A sketch of this, with the associated scenery accompanies this paper. -, wt 7 hinivemang sik sili ao Roe Heidt goth he PURE apse hawt Bc Dy Midegtnsh ¢ ie och | “ ‘- 4 rit TER . bt sng BE: wt dt eh t Fa: te wag fi oat Be, atthe gel ai th ‘* Pett) ¥ A bad ys ad 4 haters f watt he % Hnwk ee ain ae eee Peta, “odouye ee re 5 rtcuae Beale pineasiog eMBit pal T — oveds yyy? eet f , Haw +2 Tie figh< BK ote Me, uf . Ete * ee Pe | . = Pee pT ode A ga Pt WR wf Jeode See aed én Xe EI REY choke Late! gone: . an Scere” | 32 ‘S Si ’ “4 . : ut , , s : ee oe 5 ae ‘ RA, ad rt a \ s af rs 5 = n : E \ 7 F ae mm Pa \ ofa ¥ \ te a Fl } . ‘ " . > ae * ’ i 7 \ rm * " > y } . ; i s opt \ » Yu ‘ , i i - Pr Oe . > 7. a > ’ ; hap - n * we Q ' i ' : a t . ? 1 ‘ ie ; é - - , , + \ ¥ 4 \ ) ‘ ‘ ' ’ ee g¥ ~ iy ‘ i P : ‘. ie * bs ar i -_ -) n A eg . j end, f ‘ hg % : “id | ‘ 4 4 4, ‘t ms : ty é ; $a 1 P - aiid fu < ‘ ; r ae eer ‘ A hes ae Ede: . y i Nes 5 Aidepe oc ' eae : ns ro ata ted As - iG, at ‘oe te # * ‘ Fen . Liam ener ind see tate. ote os ; ’ 5 i » - 7 . y ” (1.) ANALYSIS OF A SPECIMEN OF HEMATITIC IRON ORE. BY J. H. SALISBURY, M. D., Chemist to the New-York State Agricultural Society. Oxp State Hatt, Axupany, Dec. 23, 1850. This ore occurs on the farm of H. I. Cruger, Esq., in West- chester county. It was furnished for analysis by T. Romeyn Beck, M.D. When applied as a pigment, it has somewhat the appearance of a bronze. It is easily pulverised to a great degree of fineness, has a greasy feel, and contains a small per centage of an oily unctuous body which is readily volatilized by heat. The following are the results of an analysis : 100 grains deprived of water, gave, » Peroxide of Bron, ....... Seiad ee eae ae x2 86.75 gee ee ee ee eee 7.50 ATAMInay ss... . HERE RSS J vee ee nee clades ose eae BE AIPAMESOS 00) Siac deed ideale wie PTE #2 £295 PAs PikWaeesavend see < Hles veg ody OED MIE bb k.o 5 wean ice: oh es ee eee ee Es Perret ere errr ree eee eee 0.35 Rs by bk ae wins aed 2 ees. Ce Unctuous organic matter, resembling oil, .. 0.42 99.67 The oily matter has an aromatic odor resembling that of some species of laurus. When exposed to destructive distillation it passes off in white vapors, which are so pungent as to excite when breathed, coughing, and a sense of suffocation. When in- haled through the nose, they give rise to a sharp, burning pain of the Schneiderian membrane, which persists for some time after the inhalation. Mem.—The above mineral is noticed in Lewis C. Beck’s Mineralogy of the State of New York, 4to., page 30, under the name of Red ochre. Aas Sie at je: wapantas HE vig uae ee 4 | ; % i wbartt leone ger haa Toes ads wt re ; + - t i “ = dant & vA! 2 mit oe ae ee i re PHT emda ad, ‘peat ok ” gt | dept al pak ener J 1 ta nese, as di ao mxis0900,9 oO % Mipimedt .T ud sleglada 402 bose enw ah, eh 0. etd Biect vs ten. wal +t oha WRT Leis f ‘ alti bd col MR Opry Y ah aE: Met ant bye itarelaney aie oy hi ui mod ate om BEEP LINE Ba en sae Jeo Pattee DSCs Phere hee Lente ti @ oly n Yer ts onal, a te ~ - SD Pats GRE tan Gl bowiliiatow ufibaot a dolity yh esoxstoan { : Biey i + sa ‘ha hire 1 add Wi: e iran datave to berv biepab aa GY GBs eeu é iwedded Cae Hiee chong 0 stem ‘ee ae eae ee ene ew ere rie el a is ae ff i > ee @ av ea © ® Be There @wae beee +6 \ i , AP 4 af oe, ft ee ee, } i ‘oe eee s pede reed tah g eer ae an’ \ a ) oe ’ ah 4¥ “ r } hy ; : RA dy 4 Oece Reet eee we oad s “oT ee aes eee re {) \ o we “oe © aS, a_i » « * * o- ye ’ . a ‘ey \ Ng nes , : . a . 2 2 2a ee ae aw » 8 ta Coe Gee ) , ou J “eS ‘} we a ob PRE dy wo "4a «ae ehti ‘2 sere . Gh.O 2, ble aretie wedees Vi Abs te oii Sapte ay - F ai ~ 3 f © bit Pa: ‘ Wis, tieb. ey TAS ‘of ; Se ' : ce : iH OY 4iy tal? markets lst $851 sat i Hudgiovia oA wart us ain wes , oka eats args etieah ot Se ot. | rnold he ati 6. > Oh (ry ; meg on. WIR aid LW ot Lets y olidwe a 86 ~ it scot OY -" éthe: ie thr) } te ewibn, J » bree etl fy ron ‘boitteay sing Yetrvued pada ap od webs erin’ quel wrest oll¥'s 2 Wolke air. wise Ak alate ely stew ebeTd cea cntoobia ori 4 % Be! oxi io tyolatmalhe wihondl cy lyre Kat tisha ub ceca fie) | pte ta bot io teal ad wong & Silat, - ‘ r vi ‘ + a 7 . 4 7 a (K) References to various Writings relating to the Natural History of New- York, that have appeared during the year. ZOOLOGY. Proceedings of the American Association for the advancement of Science. Second meeting. Page 409, A Monograph of the fresh water Cottus of North Amer- ica. By Charles Girard. /innals of the Lyceum of Natural History. Vol. 5. Page 1. Observations on the Limosa Scolopacea of Say. By | John Bell. 3 Page 4. Observations on the preceding paper by George N. Lawrence. Page 9. Synopsis of the Coleopterous Insects of the group Cle- ride, which inhabit the United States. By John L. Le Conte. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Vol.: 2. New Serves. Part i. Page 5. Anattempt to identify the Longicora Coleoptera of the part of America, north of Mexico. By John L. Le Conte, M. D. Noticeof the Buack Eeyrrian Isis, by J. Barratt, M. D. From the Middletown (Conn.) Sentinel and Witness of May 21, 1850. BLACK EGYPTIAN IBIS—(a rare bird ;) called also, Glossy Ibis ; Tus falcinella. One of these rare birds, Inis raucrnELLA, was shot at Middle- town, on the banks of the Connecticut, May 9th, time of a high |Senate, No. 30.] 8 114 [Senate flood. Itis a male in full plumage. Its length is twenty-eight inches,* and stands 18 inches high, bill 5 inches long, which is slender and curved. It has been carefully preserved, and is now in the Cabinet of Dr. J. Barratt. By the papers, we learn, that a similar bird was shot at Freshpond, near Cambridge, Mass., on the 8th inst., and has been presented to the Harvard Cabinet of Natural History. Itis highly probable that these birds belonged to the same flock, and may have been driven to the South by the late storms, after crossing Behring’s straits, having left the valley of the Nile, in March, as we: suppose. The Ibis falcinella is very rarely seen in the U. States. This is the first that has come to our notice on the Connecticut ; and has not been known in this country many years. The Prince of Musignano, was the first to show that the bird called Tantalas Mexicanus, by Mr. Ord, (the continuator of Wil- son’s Ornithology,) was the Ibis falcinella of Europe, a bird com- mon in Egypt. Mr. Nuttall, in vol. 2, p..89, of his highly interesting work on American Birds, has given a full history of this species of Ibis, with a figure showing the Pyramids in the back ground. To this work we refer the reader (who has aceess to it.) Mr. N. says, ‘it is a periodical visitor of Egypt, where, in common with the sacred Ibis, it was revered and embalmed in the vast Cata- combs of Saccara and Memphis. It arrivesin that country in October, and leaves it in the month of March. They spread themselves into. Russia, Siberia, Tartary, Denmark, and oceasion- ally into Sweden, and perhaps Lapland, remaining in those coun- tries till driven to migrate by the inclemency of the approaching winter ; at which period they appear to arrive in Africa and Asia. It is a still more rare and accidental visitor to the United States.” “So highly was it honored, that the Ibis became the charac- teristic hieroglyphic of the country: repeated upon all their * Mr. Nuttall says, length 23 inches; this I apprehend is a typographical error for 28. Turton in Brit.’ Fauna, p. 55, says, length 2 ft.6; extent of wings, 3 ft. 2; weight 18 ounces. No. 30.] 115 monuments, obelisks, and national statues. The abundance of their remains in the catacombs, proves indeed the familiarity, which the species had with the indulgent inhabitants of its favor- ite country. Diodorus Siculus says, these birds advanced with- out fear, into the midst of the cities. Strabo relates, they filled the streets and lanes of Alexandria to such a degree, as to become troublesome and importunate. The Ibis is now no longer ven- erated in Egypt, and is commonly shot and ensnared for food. The markets of the sea coast are now abundantly supplied with them and a white species, as game, both of which are ignomini- ously exposed for sale, deprived of their heads, a spectacle from. which the ancient Egyptians would have recoiled with horror. The person who shot the Ibis, at this place, remarked, “ how tame it was.” This confidence and easy familiarity with man, would render it entirely unfit for a residence in New-England, where there is such a murderous propensity to shoot the feather- ed race. Middletown, Ct., May 16, 1850. A bird of the same species, shot by Mr. Hurst, on Grand Is- land, in the Niagara, in August 1844, is now in the “ State Cabi- net.” See third annual report, page 22. MINERALOGY. Silliman’s Journal. New Series. Vol. 9, p. 287. On the discovery of sulphuret of nickel in north- ern New-York. By Franklin B. Hough, M.D. (Found at the Sterling iron mine, in Antwerp, Jefferson county, New-York.) Vol. 9, p. 288. New mineral localities in New-York. By Dr. Franklin B. Hough. PeEarL spar, in Rossie, St. Lawrence county. Ipocrase, near Governeur, St. Lawrence county. SULPHURET OF CoppER, near Vrooman’s lake, Antwerp, St. Lawrence county. SULPHATE OF BARYTES, in Governeur and Antwerp. STALACTITIC QUARTZ, Parish iron mine in Rossie, and Sterling iron mine in Antwerp. 116 [Senate Vol. 9, p. 424. On the existing mineral localities of Lewis, Jef- ferson and St. Lawrence counties, New-York. By Dr. Franklin B. Hough. } | Vol. 9, p. 430. Large crystals of sphene, (with figures,) obtained at Diana, near the Natural Bridge, Lewis county, New- York. Described by Wm. 8S. Vaux, of Philadelphia. Vol. 9, p. 449. Analysis of Oak Orchard acid spring water, Ala- | bama, Genesee county, N.Y. By H. Errieand William J. Craw. (The results are heathen Greek to the unin- itiated. ) Vol. 10, p. 372. Optical examination of several American micas. By B. Silliman, Jun., M. D. Vol. 10, p. 383. Analysis of phlogopite, from St. Lawrence co., ) N.Y. By William J. Craw. GEOLOGY. Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Second meeting held at Cambridge, August, 1849. Page 255. On some fossil remains, from Broome county, N. Y., By W. C. Redfield. Page 256. On the trails and tracks in the sandstones of the Clinton group of New-York; their probable origin, &c., and a comparison of some of them with WVereites and Myrianites. By Prof. James Hall. Page 347. On the brachiopoda of the silurean period, particu- larly the leptenide. By Prof. James Hall. Page 351. On graptolites, their duration in geological periods, and their value in the identification of strata. By James Hall. (L.) CATALOGUE OF SPECIMENS OF THE ROCKS AND FOSSILS IN THE GRAY SANDSTONE, MEDINA SANDSTONE, CLINTON GROUP, NIAGARA GROUP, ONONDAGA SALT GROUP, AND A PART OF THE WATER-LIME GROUP; BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE CATALOGUE OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL COLLEC- TION AS FAR AS THE FOSSILS ARE NAMED AND DESCRIBED : By JAMES HALL. tb, i) $Bhs' a thes rae | } i Ten aswel fits baWranae dhe, Ne iy. ve : Lu) A dip h a Hotind. ee Ae 9 2 i Py BD dikis. Ud Lape ie lgeth wwarx hive, fwith Barta ol lla tees hp Nina: e Met jor , ‘ooh a By am i er. ieeqiatiads fi * “oP ie’ +» 4 ae et! } aM :] . =e bi: . i ; j | APD ; Pr a PEE artark * Peas Nae 44 egyt ist pring % ae ae + ; a? aii * 4 i ia EE AA TRE EY Ph RO Hee orle Ail a a) ies oh eas ("t> bHeeidis “oe lewd bene” Geren soe . 2 et Ee Se Dieting an fon os serials: Aviad « By i TUNA uy Mi DD ; ‘ +3 : Ya home te. Ti Be ioe ra : ; i ae ans rp ty CU AOA TAG ‘ esi wee i a Ad, ¥d001 PHD 96 BY ER ; Pere . rr ane ¥ EAKCTHBI ei THAIN AAG: ie aetrvecti hah Hs ATS GEA ANON ) TAS AVACTKOAG UGH Z “ id See I Gahto? UnesTwe Ay ATE a eo WEDS Res a ed Moree ia Rela eet an KA Sb ERM AHA RARE | ut BA Ra RA ; ald ha oo) A ia By ¥ . wa { oy ni wet ad ie 2 i Laine ete Abewl fee \ " i ct me. D ’ ‘. ‘i , ' I mi fai. a “ip . \ ie ° be % i eet TABLE CASE, No. 7. . Roor state. Rowley’s Quarry, N. Lebanon, Columbia co. . State. One mile west of Hillsdale, Columbia co. . Guazep state. One mile south of Hudson, at the supposed coal mine. . Rep suate. Near Kinderhook creek, Chatham, Columbia co. . Rep state. One mile 8. W. of Washington Hellow, Duchess co. . Mrttstone Grit. Stceel’s creek. . SHAty sanpstone. With fragments of fossils. do. do. do. do. . SHALY sanpsTonE. With impressions of Modiolopsis modic- laris. . SHALY SANDSTONE. . CONCRETIONARY SANDSTONE. . Gray sHALY sanpstone. Road, 2} miles north of Rome. . Gray sanpstone. Woodruff’s, south of Rome. . GRAY SANDSTONE, sHALY. Woodruff’s, south of Rome. . Gray sanpstone. Woodruff’s, south of Rome. . GREENISH GLAZED SLATE. . Gray sanpstone. Salmon creek, Village of Florence. do. do. . Gray sanpstonE. Falls of Stony Brook, Redfield. . Gray sanpstone. Village of Florence. . Gray sanpsToNE. With water marked surface. Falls of Salmon creek. . Gray sanpstone. West of Oswego village. . Gray sanpstone. Woodruff’s quarry, south of Rome. . Gray sanpstonE. Below the dam on Mad river, Camden. . Gray sanpstone. Dam at Mad river, near Camden. . Gray sanpstone. Upper falls of Mad river, Redfield. 28. 29. 30. dl. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. AT. 48. 49. 50. ai 52. 53. 54. pac 56. a7, 120 SENATE Gray sanpstonse. Road to Lorraine from Redfield. Gray SANDSTONE. 3 miles west of “Ghent Meeting-house,” Columbia county. Gray sanpstone. Road south of Rome. Gray sanpstoneE. ‘Tippler’s quarry. GRAY SILICIoUS sANDsTONE. With shaly nodules, and con- taining galena. Columbia co.? CONTORTED LIMESTONE. 1% miles N. W. of Stand Pondville, Dutchess co. Mitustone Grit. Bloggs’ Clove, Blooming-grove, Orange ¢o- Compact sanpstongE. Two Ponds, Monroe, Orange co. , MILLSTONE GRIT, (BOWLDER.) Hamptonburgh, Orange co. Miuustone 6rit. Deerpark, foot of Shawangunk Mt. range. GraywackEe. 2 miles west of Woodbury; Monroe, Orange: county. | Miuustone Grit. Deerpark. ConcLomEeRaTE. Canterbury., Orange co. FINE GRAINED GRIT RocK. Base of Shawangunk mountain, Rochester, Ulster co.. 7 Grit rock. Walls of the Shawangunk lead vein, Sullivan county. Miuustone crit. Deerpark. Breccia. 2 miles N. E. of Craigville, Orange co. YELLowIsH sANDSTONE. Stockport Landing, Columbia co. ComPAcT SHALY SANDSTONE. Near Hydepark, Dutchess co. 4 A METAMORPHIC SLATY AND CRYSTALLINE ROCK. 2 CoMPACT METAMORPHIC GRIT ROCK. BRowNIsH SILICIOUS LIMESTONE, METAMORPHIC. ———? CoMPACT SHALY SANDSTONE. SHaLy sanpstone. With thin layers of shale. 2 SILICIOUS LIMESTONE. Limestonse. Blogg’s Clove, Blooming-grove, Orange co. Limestone. Warwick, Orange co. - No. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. a. 72. Pe So ee ae 30.] 121 IN VERTICAL CASE, No. 7. Grey sanpstone. Three miles north of Salem, Albany Co. Buack state. Hoosick, Rensselaer co. Limestone. West of Granville, Washington co. Limestone. Snake-Hill, Saratoga co. do do Rep sHaLe. Easton, Washington co. SuHaLe. Sugarloaf, Orange co do do Compact sANpstonE. Bellvale, Warwick. Rep state. Blooming-grove, Orange co. MILLsToNE GRIT, (compact.) Canterbury, Orange co. RED SHALY SANDSTONE. do Rep sanpstone. Pine Hill, Cornwall, Orange co- RED MILLSTONE Grit. Carpenter’s Point, Deerpark. Rep sHALE. Cambridge, Washington co. TABLE CASE, No. 8. . ONEIDA CONGLOMERATE. Steel’s creek, Herkimer co- do do do : do do Cleveland, Oneida lake. do Mason’s quarry, S. W. of Utica. do do do Mansfield,8. of Hampton. do south of New Hartford. do 7 Mason’s quarry,S. W. of Utica. do near Starch Factory creek. do do do Steel’s creek. do Mansfield, 8. of Hampton. . Mitustone crit. On top of Hill between Ferguson creek and Starch Factory creek, near Utica. ‘MEDINA SANDSTONE. . Meprina sANDsTONE, gray beds. Lewiston, Niagara co. 16. 17. do do do with ripple marks. Lewiston, high bank of river. 122 [Senate 18. Mepina sanpstone, gray beds. Lewiston, Niagara co. 19, 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. do do do do do do do do do do do do de do do do do do do do do do do do do . MEDINA SANDSTONE. with undulating lines of deposition. Martville, Cayuga co. Wayne co. Near Martville. Quarry N. of Martville. Mill below Martville, towards Hannibal- ville. : Hulmes’ quarry, Sterling, Cayuga co. with Dictuolites Beckii. Medina. upper mass MHulmes’ quarry, Sterling, Cayuga co. upper mass. Cental’s Mill, Wayne co. do do Hulmes’ quarry, Sterling, Cayuga co. do near Martville. do upper gray mass. Medina. do Lewiston, Niagara co. do Rochester. variegated. Rochester. TABLE CASE, No. 9. MEDINA SANDSTONE. Sterling Centre, Cayuga co. do do do do Park’s mill-dam, EK. of Amboy Cenire, Oswego co. with concretionary markings. Oswego village. with mud cracks. Oswego village. ' et ct — I, —_—— No. 30.] 123 9. Mepina sanpDsTONE, With pleurotomaria pervetusta. Medina. 10. do do Hi. do with Pleurotomaria pervetusta and Lingula cuneata. Medina. 12. do with Pleurotomaria pervetusta, Medina. 13. do do 14, do do 15. do East side of Irondequoit bay. 16. do with Palaeophycus ftortuosus. Vinton’s quarry, Brighton, Monroe co. 17. do with Lingula cuneata. Medina, Orl. co. 18. do do £9. do do 20. po do 21. do do 22. do do 23. do with Palaeophycus. Medina. (24. do with Modtolopsis primigenius. Medina. 25. do with fucoides, q 26. do do 27. do do a do 29. . do with Arthrophycus harlani, (loose,) near Cleveland, Oneida lake. 30. do with Arthrophycus harlan, Me-dina, Orleans co. 31. do near Sterling, Cayuga co. 32. do with Arthrophycus harlani. Medina, Or- | leans co. 33. do with Arthrophycus harlani and Fucoides ? auriformis, Medina. 34. do with Dictuolites Beckii. Medina. 7 124 [Senate VERTICAL CASE, No. 7. MEDINA SANDSTONE. (Conrinuep.) 35. Menpina sanpstone, with Lingula cuneata, showing current markings. Lockport, Niagara co. Sa 36. Gropr, Meprna sanpstone. Lockport. 37. MepINA sanpstone, upper gray layers. Medina, Orleans co. 38. do variegated. Rochester, Monroe co. 39. do | Lewiston, Niagara co. © «40. pili 5 0, upper gray layer. do 4]. do conglomerate. Wolcott, Wayne co. 42. do ' with water markings. Lewiston. 43. do - showing diagonal lines of lamination. Rochester, Monroe co. ) 44. do Martville, Cayuga co. 45. do inclosing nodules of shale. Rochester, Monroe co. brs 46. do with Arthrophycus Harlani. Wayne co. AT. do variegated and shaly. Medina, Orl. co. 48. do shaly. Lewiston. 49. do Redfield, Oneida co. 50. do upper Sastty layers. Medina. 51. do variegated. Lewiston. De. do upper greenish shaly layers. Lewiston. 53. do do do 54. do upper gray layers, with Cytherina cylin- drica. Medina. 5D. do variegated. Near Martville, Hannibal, Cayuga co. 56. do variegated. Lewiston, Niagara co. Og.. do Rochester, Monroe co. 58. do very shaly. Irondequoit bay; Monroe co. 58. do Medina, Orleans co. 60. do with Lingula cuneata and Cytherina cylin- drica. Medina, Orleans co. 61. do with nodules of shale enclosed. Medina. 62. do do ; 63. do with Lingula cuneata. Lockport. 64. do do Medina. No. 30.] 125 65. Mepina sanpstone, with Lingula cuneata and Pleurotomaria 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 85. 84. 85. 86. oT. 88. 89. 90. ot. 92. 93. do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do pervetusta. Medina, Orleans co. with Lingula cuneata. Medina. Clarendon, Orleans co. with tortuous lamination. Rochester. Shaly variety. Lewiston. do do Shaly. Rochester, Monroe co. do. Martville, Cayuga co. with Cytherina cylindrica and Lingula cuneata. Medina. with concretionary surface. Oswego. with Arthrophycus Harlani. Medina. do Adams’ Basin, Monroe co. with Fuicoides? heterophyllus. Adams’ Basin, Monroe co. with Fucoides? heterophyllus. Medina, Orlean’s co. do with Fucoides? heterophyllus. Rochester, Monroe co. with fucoidal markings. Medina. do do Martville, Cay- uga co. variegated. Phillipsburg, Oswego co. with fucoidal markings. Lewiston with Arthrophycus harlani, and conglome- rate. Oswego co. with Arthrophycus harlani. Medina, Or- leans co. with ripple marks. Medina, Orleans co. with Arthrophycus harlani. Sodus, Wayne county. upper gray layers. Medina, Orleans co. do Medina, Orleans co. * 23. 24, 126 [Senate TABLE CASE, No. 10. CLINTON GROUP. . ConGLoMERATE, With shaly surface. Blackstone’s quarry, New Hartford. . SHALY SANDSTONE, With Buthotrephis palmata. Blackstone’s quarry, New Hartford. do with Rusophycus bilobatus. Gaylord’s and» Norton’s quarry, New Hartford. do with Buthotrephis gracilis. Blackstone’s . quarry, New Hartford. . Sanpstone, with Beyrichia. New Hartford. ConeLomERATE. Stebben’s creek, near Clinton village. do with iridescent surface. Blackstone’s quar- ry, New Hartford. . OoLiTic RON orE. Bennett’s ore bed, west of Clinton village. do do do do do Wadsworth’s quarry, New Hartford. do with crinoidal joints. Eames’ quarry, near Verona. | do | with crinoidal joints. Parson’s quarry, near Verona. do Hammond’s orebed, Westmoreland, Onei- da co. do Parson’s quarry near Verona. do with Leptena séricea. Bennett’s ore bed, near Clinton village. . SHALY sANDsTONE, With Leptena sericea. Saw mill, south of Verona, Oneida co. . Limestone, with Pentamerus oblongus. Rochester. do do . SILICIOUS LIMESTONE. do Wolcott, Wayne co. . Limestone, with Atrypa hemispherica. Mill, below Martville, Cayuga co. do — with fragments of Pentamerus oblongus. Sodus, Wayne co. OoLiTic rRON oRE. Rochester. do upper beds. Stebbins’ creek, Oneida co. (2 specimens. ) No. 30. ] 127 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. ol. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 39. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. AT, 48. 49. 50. 51. Limestone, with Leptena rugosa. Donelly’s quarry, Madison. Ooxitic rron orE. Wolcott, Wayne co. do with fragments of shells. do do with Pentamerus oblongus. do do with Spirifer radiatus. do do do Donelly’s quar- . ry, Madison. FERRUGINOUS LIMESTONE, With Pentamerus oblongus. Donel- ly’s quarry. SHALY SANDSTONE, With Rusophycus pudicus. Gaylord’s quar- ry, New Hartford. do with Rusophycus pudicus. Gaylord’s quar- ry, New Hartford. Artrypa concresta. Reynale’s Basin. do PLICATELLA. do SHALE, With Graptolithus clintonensis. Sodus. Limestone, with Atrypa hemispherica. Rochester. do do reticularis and Pentamerus oblongus. Donelly’s quarry, Madison. GRAY SANDSTONE, upper mass of Clinton group, with frag- ments of Homalonotus delphinocepha- lus. Steel’s creek, Herkimer co. do upper mass of Clinton group. Steel’s creek, Herkimer co. SHALE, with Atrypa congesta. Reynale’s Basin. Altrypa plicatella. Reynale’s Basin. Chetetes lycoperdon. Reynale’s Basin, Niagara co. UppER GRAY SANDSTONE, With Modiolopsis ovata. Remington’s quarry, S. of Mohawk village. Limestone, with Atrypa congesta. Medina, Orleans co. Caninia bilateralis. (2 specimens.) Reynale’s Basin. Atrypa congesta. FipROUS SULPHATE OF sTRONTIAN. Stark, Herkimer co. do With carbonate of lime, &c. Stark, Herkimer co. CRYSTALIZED SULPHATE OF sTRONTIAN. Stark, Herkimer co. GyYPsuM. | do 52. 53. D4. D0. 56. 57. 58. 5D. 60. 61. 62. 63 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. ao. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 128 [Senate VERTICAL CASE,No.8 CLINTON GROUP. (ContinvED.) SHALY sanpstone, with fucoidal markings. Blackstone’s quarry, New Hartford. SHALE, with obscure fossil markings. do. Green sHALE. Martville, Cayuga co. oa FERRUGINOUS SANDSTONE, With Beyrichia. New Hartford. SHALY SANDSTONE, Rusophycus subangulatus. Blackstone’s quarry, New Hartford. do with fucoidal markings. do. SHate, with Buthotrephis gracilis. Near Clinton village. Sanpstone, with Buthotrephis palmata. Fox-Hollow, Herki- mer co. SHALY sanpsTonE, With Organic markings. Blackstone’s quarry, New Hartford. | do - with Rusophycus bilobatus. Gaylord and Norton’s quarry, New Hartford. SuHate, with fragments of Buthotrephis ramose. Blackstone’s quarry, New Hartford. do ..do SHALY SANDSTONE, With fucoidal fragments. Two miles 8. W. of Verona. ConcLOMERATE, With iron pyrites. Blackstone’s quarry. do with iridescent surface. do do with shaly surface. Stebbin’s creek, Onei- da co. do with shaly surface. Rogers’ cr’k., Oneida co. do Blackstone’s quarry. New Hartford. SuaLy sanpstone, with fuicoidal markings. Near Clinton village. do with fuicoidal markings. Clinton quarry, north of Martville. Suate. A quarry north of Martville. SHALY SANDSTONE, With fucoidal remains. Quarry south of Clinton village. Hornstone, composed of fragments of shells. Rochester. SanDsTONE, With Beyrichia. New Hartford. as ee. a. No. 30.] 129 76. Grey sanpstone, With Lingula oblonga. Quarry north of Martville. 77. FerRvuGinous sanpstone, with fragments of organic remains. New Hartford. 78. do Stark, Herkimer co. v9. do Steel’s creek. 80. SuaLy sanpstone. Van Hornsville, Herkimer co. 81. SHaty Limestone. Bushnell’s, Oneida lake. 82. do Quarry near Verona. 83. do with Fenestella prisca? Near Verona. 84. do do Mariville. 85. do Martville. | 86. GREEN SHALE. do 87. do Swift’s creek. 88. LimEsTone. Near Verona. 89. SHALY LIMESTONE. do 90. Ootiric rron orr, With Beyrichia. Van Hornsville. 91. do Swift’s creek. 92. do ‘ Bennet’s ore-bed, near Clinton village. 93. do cdo 94. do with concretions and crinoidal joints. Pearson’s ore-bed, near Verona. 95. Rep sanpstone. Steel’s creek. 96. Rep concLtomerate. ~ Steel’s creek, Herkimer co. 97. OoxiTIc 1RON ORE, With limestone. Wolcott Wayne co. 98. Limestone, with Pentamerus oblongus. Sodus, Wayne co. au. do do Rochester. 100. do cdo do 101. Suae, with Lepiena rugosa. Donelly’s quarry. 102. Ooxiric 1Rox orE, with calcarious spar. Wolcott, Wayne co. 103. Suaty timestone, with Fenestella prisca. Taberg furnace. 104. Suae, with Atrypa plicatella. do 105. do with Beyrichiaand Tentaculites. do 106. Oo1iric rron orE, with fragments of fossils. Stebbin’s creek, Oneida co. 107. . do Stebbin’s creek, Oneida co. 108. do with fragments of fossils. South of Clin- ton village. [Senate, No. 39.] 9 ~ wet eee m eo) caren | wie ws 130 ‘[Szxnare 109. OoxrTic rRoNoRE. Quarry north of Clinton village. 110. do Hammonds’ quarry. 111. do with Phenoperaconstellata. Woleot, Wayne county. 112. do with sulphate of barata. Wolcott, Wayne county. 113. do with Pentamerus oblongus. Donelly’s quar. 114. Limrsrone, with fragments of fossils. -Near Martville. 115. Sanpsrone, with iron pyrites. Stebbin’s quarry, near Clin- ton village. 116. SHaty sanpstrone, with casts of Leptena. Near Blackstone’s quarry, New Hartford. 117. Ferrvernous sanpsTone, with cast of Lepie@ra subplana. Near Clinte village. 118. Suaty sanpstone, with Leptaena rugosa. Near Tippler’s quarry. 119. Sizicrous Limestone, with Leptaena rugosa. Munger’s quar- ry, OAGOP ry 120 do with Leptaena rugosa. Oneida lake. 121. Sinicrous anp SHALY LIMESTONE. Above the upper ore bed, Swift’s creek, Oneida co. 122. SHaLy Limestone, with Leptena corrugata and Pyrenomeus cuneatus. Clinton village. 123. SHaLY sanpstone, with Avicula emasculata. Munger’s quar- ry, Oneida lake. 124, do with imperfect fossils. Gaylord’s quarry, near Utica. 125. do with Rusophicus bilobatus. Gaylord’s and Norton’s quarry, N. Hartford. 126. do do 127. do do 128. do with Buthotrephis palmata. Gaylord’s and Norton’s quarry, N. Hartford. 129. do with reots of marine plants. 130. Gray Sanpstrone, with concretions. 131. SHary sannstone, with fucoidal markings. Van Hornsyille, Herkimer co. 132. do Stark, Herkimer co. No. 133 134. 135 136 137 - 138 139. lr aller gic ee atta salle dae 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. ee 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 30.] . Siticrovs Limestone, with sulphate of strontian in erystals, do do . Gypsum, Stark, Herkimer co. . Darx cotorep eypsum. Stark, Herkimer co. . SANDSTONE AND GYPSUM. do | . SHALE WITH GYFSUM. do do do . SHALE, with Phacops limulurus. do with impressions of Phacops limulurus. 13] Stark, Herkimer co. TABLE CASE, No. Lt. NIAGARA GROUP. do with Homelonotus delphinocephalus. do with Dictuonema reteformis. ‘do with Caryocrinus ornatus. do with Spirifer niagarensis. do do do with Leptaena subplana. do with Atrypa nitidea. LivestTone composed of crinoidal joints. ANHYDROUS GYPSUM. Wuitr cypsum, or alabaster. EncrINAL LIMESTONE, (polished.) Limestone, with crystallized coral. Sinicious timestone. Niagara Falls. Lockport. Dark LIMESTONE, With Cytherina, Wayne co. DARK BITUMINOUS LIMESTONE, do do do Peary spar. Lockport. DoerootH spar. do PEARL SPAR AND DOGTOOTH spAR. Lockport. Doerooty spar. Lockport. Lrvestoxe, with small geodes of Pearl spar. do _ do do Lockport. do do do do do do do do do do do do Lockport. with galena, sulphuret of lead. Rochester. with zinc blend. Niagara Falls. with crystals of zine blend. do. 132th [ Senate 27. FRAGMENTS OF ORTHOCERA. Wayne Co. 28. do ao 29. SuLPHATE or stronTIAN. Lockport. Lay 30. do do ety 31. PEARL SPAR WITH DOGTOOTH SPAR. -Lockport. eons 32. Dark Limestone, with cavities. Barre, Orleans co. 3d. do upper part of rock. Niagara Falls. 34. ENcrinal Limestone. Niagara Falls. 35. Limestone, with Cladopora seriata. Lockport. 36. Dark timestone. Near Lenox. 37. BreccraTED LIMESTONE. Oneida co. 38. do Ham’s quarry. 39, ConGLOMERATE LIMESTONE. 40. do 7 41. do 42. do : 43. do Ham’s and Bigelow’s quarries. VERTICAL CASE. NIAGARA LIMESTONE. (Continvep.) 44, Sua.e, with nodules of gypsum replacing Caryocrinus ornatus. Lockport. 45. do with Orthoceras undulatus. Lockport. 46. do with Dictwonema reteformis. do 47. do with Leptaena striata. do 48. do with Leptaena rugosa and Leptaena striata. Lockport. 49. do with Orihis elegantula. Lockport. 90. do with Orthis testudinaria and Leptaena rugosa. Lockp’t. 21, do with Orthis testudinaria. Lockport. 52. do with Bumastis barriensis. do 53. do with fragments of various fossils. Lockport. 34. do with Orthis testudinaria and Leptaena rugosa. Lockp’t. 95. do with Avicula emaccrata. Lockport. 96. .do with Leptaena subplana. do ‘ 97. Ewcrinau Limestone. Near Lewiston. 08. Snare, with Caryocrinus ornatus, and cavities filled with cal- carious spar, Lockport. a — . 80.] 133 . Limestong, with crinoidal columns. Lockport. 60. AsTRoceRIUM VENUSTUM, from the original excavation of the Erie canal, 1825; (polished specimen.) Lockport. 61. Limestone, with striated surface, lignelite. Lockport. 62. do with trypa reticularis. Lockport. 63. Brown piruminous Limestone. Rochester. 64. Limestone, with Trematopera ostiolata. do. 65 do with .2trypa neglecta. do. 66 do with vertically striated surface, lignilites. Loek- port. 67. BreccraArEeD LimMEsToNE. Near Rochester. 68. Wuirr GypsuM, ALABASTER, (polished specimens.) Lockp’t. 69. GEODE OF DOGTOOTH SPAR. Lockport. 70. ENCRINAL LIMESTONE. do 71. do (polished specimen.) Lockport. 72. Linestoxe, with dogtooth and pearl spar. Lockport. i. do with dogtooth spar. do 7A. do with pearl spar. do 13. do with geode of dogtooth spar. do 76. Suupuate oF Srronrian. Loekport. 77. Lraestone, with pearl spar and dogtooth spar. Loekport. 78. do with geode of pearl spar, with selenite. Rochest’r. 79. AnuypRous gypsum. Lockport. | 80. SULPHATE OF STRONTIAN. do 81. Limestone, with pearl spar. Lockport. 82. do Ves (3. 83. . do with geode filled with bituminous coal. Lockp’t. 84. Limestone, with dog tooth spar, Lockport, N. Y. 85. do with pear] spar and dog tooth spar, do 86. do with dog tooth spar, do 87. do with dog tooth spar, do 88. PraRL spar, (a geode,) do 89. do AND DoGroorH sPAR, do 90. do rosecolored, do 91. Livestonr, with pearl spar, rosecolored, and dogtooth spar, Lockport, N. Y. | 92. do with dogtooth spar and sulphate of stroutian, 4 Lockport, N. Y. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 1153. 114. 115. 116. Ly 118. 119. 120. 121. 134 ' [SenaTE . Limestone, with dogtooth spar. Lockport, N.Y. . Peary spar in geode of limestone. do . DoeroorH spar. do do AND Peary spar,replacing Astroceriwm venus- tum. Lockport, N. Y. . BRown SPAR. ; Lockport, N.Y. . Limestone, with Ewomphalus hemispherica. do . ConcRETIONARY LIMESTONE, four miles north of Manchester. 100. Limestone, with concretionary nodes upon surface, Niagara Falls, N. Y. Gropr, with pearl spar and crystals of sulphate of strontian. First excavation of the Erie canal, 1825, from Mr. Bett, Lockport, N. Y. Limestone, a concretion, near Skenandoa. : Dark BITUMINOUS LIMESTONE. Between Lenox Basin and Canastota. -Lrmestone, with cavity showing lamine of growth of As- trocerium venustum, Rochester. Compact LIMESTONE, With Cytherina. Ham’s quarry, Cayuga county. CoNncRETIONARY LIMESTONE, four miles north of Manchester. CoMPACT DARK COLORED LIMESTONE. Wolcott, Wayne county. do do do do do Limestone, with Cladopora seriata. Sweden, Monroe county. do Diplophyllum cespitosum. Lockport. Comract Limestone, with Cytherina. Butler, Wayne Oo. Limestone, with cavities lined with crystals of calcareous spar. Lockport. SHALY Limestone, With Spirifer crispus and minute Cytheri- n@. Ham/’s quarry, Cayuga county. ComMPACT BROWN LimEsTONE. Rochester, Monroe county. do uimestone. Four miles west of Manchester.. CoNCRETIONARY LIMESTONE. Steel’s creek, Herkimer county. BRECCIATED LIMESTONE. * do do Limestone, With surface markings. Ham/’s quarry, Cayuga county, | ReppisH compact Limestone. Steel’s creek, Herkimer Co. CoNnCRETIONARY do Near Skenandoa, BRECCIATED* do do REESE No. 30.] 122 123. 124. 125 COMA MAP WW — — © 12. a ee | 12 oO Rm OO pot ed SSS ow 23. 135 . BrecciaATED Limestone. Near Skenandoa. do do do do do do . ConcrRETIONARY dO do . RED SHALE. do TABLE CASE, No. 12. ONONDAGA SALT GROUP. . Compact RED sHALE. Cruger’s mill, Herkimer county. . VARIEGATED SHALE. Chittenango. Between Sauquoit creek and Paris hill. . VARIEGATED SHALE. Baldwinsville. . Rep SHALE, With green spots. Baldwinsville. do do Oneida castle. GREENISH GRAY SHALE. North of Chittenango village. . Grey sHALe. South of Port Byron. . Green sHate. Churchville, Monroe county. do do . RED SELENITE, With green shale. Clyde, Wayne county. with seams of gypsum. Near Lake Sodom. RED GYPSUM, do do Lake Sodom. do do . Gypsum. do . SELENITE. do do do . Compact eypsuM, do do Monroe county. . GREY SHALE, with cavities of crystals. Near Lake Sodom. with remains of Cytherina. Near Peru. with cavities of crystals. Near Lake Sodom. . CALCAREOUS INFILTRATIONS, between layers of gypsum. Al- len’s creek, south part of Monroe Co. . Gypsrous MaRL. Newark, Wayne county. Allen’s creek. do . Gypsrous MARL, with seams of fibrous gypsum. Monroe county. Nine mile creek. with fragments of marl enclosed. Newark, Wayne county. with fragments of marl enclosed. Newark, Wayne county. with fragments of marl enclosed. Near Camillus. 136 _ [Senate 26. Gypsrous MARL, With marks of pseudomorphic crystals of common salt. §S. of Syracuse. 27. do do Hill S. E. of Chittenango. 28. do do Bull’s quarry, Lenox. 29. do do ; do 30. do do Kelby’s quarry, Lenox. 31. PskupoMoRPHIC CRYSTAL OF comMoN sALT. S. of Syracuse. 32. do do Bull’s quarry, Lenox. 33. do do Nine mile creek. 34. Gray sHaLe. Bull’s quarry, Lenox. 35. do with obscure fossils. Near Bellisle. 36. do with impressions of fossil shells. Bull’s quar- ry, Lenox. on. do do do 38. do with obscure fossil shells. Bull’s q’y Lenox. 39. do with plant-like impressions. do AQ. do with some plant-like impressions. do | 41. Serpentine. Near Syracuse. 42. do do 43. CALCAREOUS SERPENTINE. Near Syracuse. 44. do 45. do 46. do 47. SerpeNTINE, With crystals of caleareous spar. Near Syracuse. 48. do Syracuse. 49. Gypsrous MARL. Nine mile creek. . Biack cypsEous MARL, with selenite. S. of Bellisle. . NopuLe oF eypsuM AND MARL. S. of Chittenango. . SeLenire, with black gypseous marl. Howland’s quarry, do Springport. Cayuga co. do do . Dark siALE, with surface covered with black selenite. Mar- ble’s quarry, Port Byron. . Gray GYPSEOUS MARL, With spherical cavities containing con- eretions. Lenox. . Impure Limestone, With spherical cavities. . Hypraviic timestone. Troopsville. . AsH COLORED HYDRAULIC LIMESTONE, With remains of Strepte- lasma. Black Rock. No. 30.] 137 59. Hypraviic Limestone, With lignilites. Caneseraga creek. 60. do do Onondaga. 61. do do do 62. do ys edo Caneseraga creek. 63. do do do 64. VerMicuLAR LIMESTONE. Near Syracuse. 65. Hypravuric trmestonr, with head of LEurypterus remipes. Oriskany. VERTICAL CASE, No. 12. ONONDAGA SALT GROUP. (Conrtixvep.) 66. VARIEGATED RED MARL. Near Oneida castle. 67. Rep marx, with green spots. Chittenango. 68. Rep sHate. Between Sauquoit creek and Paris hill. 69. GREEN SHALE. do 70. Gray sHALE. Near Chittenango. we: do Allen’s creek, Monroe co. 72. Gray Gypsrous MARL. Orlean’s co. 73. Gray Gypseous sHALE. Near Churchville. 74. Gypsrous mari. Allen’s creek. =. do Loekville, Wayne co. 76. FRIABLE sanpsTonr. Near Paris hill. 77. GYPSEOUS SHALE. do 78. do do 79. Gypsrous mary. Allen’s Creek. 80. do with seams of fibrous gypsum. S. part of Monroe county. 81. GREENISH MaRL, With fibrous gypsum. Jordan. 82. do do do 83. Rep cypsum, with gypseous marl. do 84. do nodules. Newark, Wayne county. 85. GYPSEOUS MARL. do 86. do Clyde, do 87. Mart, with red selenite. Newark, do 88. Gypsrous MaRL. Near Port Gibson, Monroe county. 89.. ARGILLACEOUS LIMEsTONE. NearChurchville. Monroe county. 90. SeLenitrr, with decomposing iron pyrites. Newark. 91. Gypsum. do 138 [Senate . Gypsum. Allen’s creek. do Leroy. do do do do do nodule. Monroe county. . GRanvuLAR Gypsum. Allen’s creek. . Gypsrous MARL, With selenite. S. of Belleisle. . GREY GYPSEOUS MARL. . GREY ARGILLACEOUS LIMESTONE. . Gypseous sHaLe. Near Waterville. . Compact LIMESTONE, With minute vermicular cavities. Wa- terville. do with minute cavities filled with concre- tions. Near Waterville. . GREY SHALE, With cavities made by crystals. Near Jordan Lake. . Dark sHALY Limestone. Near Waterville. . COMPACT LIMESTONE. do . SHALY LIMESTONE. do . GREY SHALE. . Gypsrous MARL, With selenite. Newark, Wayne county. do Near Camillus. - do do . SELENITE. do . Gypsrous MARL, With selenite and marks of pseudomorphic crystals. Near Camillus. do with marks of pseudomorphic crystals. Near Camillus. . PSEUDOMORPHIC CRYSTALS OF COMMON SALT. Camillus. do do do do do do do with imperfect fossil shells on shale. Lenox. . ImMpERFECT PSEUDOMORPHIC CRYSTALS. Brown’s quarry, near Caneseraga creek. . Gypseous sHauE, With marks of pseudomorphic crystals. Near Belleisle. . Gypseous suatses, with marks of pseudomorphiec crystals. Lenox. do Near Camillus. _ No. 30.] 139 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. PsEUDOMORPHIC CRYSTAL OF COMMON SALT. Near Camillus. GYPsEOUS SHALE, with pseudomorphic crystals. Near Ca- millus. Dark COLORED SHALE. Grey sHALE. Near Belleisle. Dark SHALE, With impression of marine plants. Lenox. do do do Gray sHALE. Chittenango. SERPENTINE AND LIMESTONE. Syracuse. do do do do do (polished) do do do SERPENTINE, (polished.) do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do °* do do SERPENTINE AND LIMESTONE. do SULPHATE OF STRONTIAN IN GRAY MARL. Syracuse. Gray MarRL, with crystals of sulphate of strontian. Syracuse. GRAY GYPSEOUS MARL. Lenox. GRAY SHALE, with impressions of fossil shells. Lenox. Sate, with obscure fossil shells. Lenox. : VESSICULAR LIMESTONE. Onondaga Hollow. do Lenox. do do Lenox. do Port Byron. do do Near Syracuse. Dark sHALE. Cherry valley. Limestone. Chittenango. do with drusy cavities. Oriskany Falls. Gyrsrous MARL. Cherry Valley. 190. 191. 140 . GREY SHALY LIMESTONE. Chittenango. . GypsEous MArt, with calcareous inerustations. creek, Monroe county. . Hypravric Limestone, with cavities. . GREY GypsEous sHALE. Chittenango. do do . GYPSEOUS MARL. . NopuLr oF cypsum. Near Jamesville. . Gypsrous MARL, With seams of fibrous gypsum. Phelps, Ontario county. do do do do do do . LIMESTONE ABOVE GYPSUM BEDS. Jamesville. . Gypsrous MARL, With nodules of gypsum. S. of Chittenango. . CoMPpACT GYPSEOUS MARL. do . GRAVEL CEMENTED By Gypsum. Soring at Salina. . Gypsreous sHaLtr. Kennady. é posite from salt-vats. Syracuse. 4 i ; % x ¥ SENATE Allen’s . SELENITE, With compact gypsum. Phelps, Ontario co. . Back GypsEous MARL, With selenite. Springport, Cayuga co. AS 7 < t 4 - \ . Compacr LimesToONE, With vessicular cavities filled with crystaline matter. Near Lanak’s mill. . Compact LIMESTONE, With zine blend. do do with irregular cavities. do . Hypravric timrstrone, with lignilites. do do do do do with obscure fossils. Byron, Genesee co. do with cherty nodules. Near Marcellus. do do do | . Compacr sHaLy Limesronr, Phelps, Ontario co. . CrystaLizep Gypsum. Deposites from the salt-vats, (10 spe- cimens.) Syracuse. . CALCAREOUS FORMATION, having oolitie structure. Deposites from salt-vats, (4 specimens.) Syracuse. Ooxire. Deposites from salt-vats (3 spe.) Syracuse. CALCAREOUS Mass, showing oolitic and pitted structure. De- p No. 30.] 141 Upper part of Onondaga salt group continued in vertical case of }. 2 3 4. - 6 i 8 9 10. FE. 12. 13. 14. 1 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. water-lime group. Hypravtic trmestone. Allen’s creek. do do do do do Clarence Hollow. do Allen’s creek. do do do do do do do Monroe co. do Caledonia. do Near Lewiston, Niagara co. do Allen’s creek. do Williamsville, Erie co. do do do Street Farm, Caledonia. do do do Allen’s creek. do Street Farm, Caledonia. do Phelps, Ontario county, do One mile east of Vienna. do Near Vienna. do with sulphate of strontian. Street farm, Caledonia. do Phelps, Ontario county. do (partially burned.) Phelps, Onta- rio county. . SHALY HYDRAULIC Limestone. Phelps, Ontario county. . Hypraviic Limestone, with nodule of chert. Marcellus. do with ecrystaline nodules. Lanak’s mills. do with crystaline nodules. Lanak’s mills. . SHALY HYDRAULIC LIMESTONE. . DARK COLORED HYDRAULIC LIMESTONE. Marcellus. . Hypravutic Limestone. Cherry valley. do (dark colored.) Near Marcellus. * 142 | [Senate | J airy . e " 33. Suaty Hypravuuic Limestone. Near Deansville, Oneida Co. (dark colored.) Near Deans- ville, Oneida county. Onondaga valley. with fluor spar. Manlius. do do do do do do do do do do Onondaga Valley. Cherry Valley. Phelps, Ontario county. Near Lanak’s Mills. (shaly.) Oriskany Falls. Chittenango. Near Manlius. with Anhydrite. Near Syracuse. E. Steel’s creek, Herkimer Co. upper part shaly, with crystals of baryta. Phelps, Ontario county. black, shaly upper layers. Phelps Ontario county. with Lingule. Cherry Valley. Vessicular. Oriskany. do | Below Jamesville. with cavities filled with crystaline matter. Near Jamesville. with crystals of magnesian carbon- ate of lime. Near Marcellus. crystals of magnesian carbonate of lime. Near Marcellus. with nodule of chert. Near Mar- cellus. ce 34. do 35. HypRAvLIC LIMESTONE. 36. do 37. do 38. do 39. do 40. do 41. do 42. do 43. do 44. do 45. GYPSEOUS SHALY LIMESTONE. _ 46. HypravLic LIMESTONE. 47. do 48. do 49. do 50. do 51. VESSICUL# LIMESTONE. 52. HypRaAvuLic LIMESTONE. 53. do 54. do 55. do 56. do 57. do 58. do 59. do 60. do 61. do 62. do 63. do with gypsum. Near Syracuse. — : t; ee a} ee ae eS et ee oe Pe ‘ te re ay uke CA oS et Se ee eae a MEMORANDUM OF DRAWERS AND BOXES OF FOSSILS, Principally of duplicate specimens from various rocks and groups. in the basement and in the shed of the old State Hall. To THE Recents oF THE UNIVERSITY Or tHe Strate or New-York: Gentlemen,—In answer to the requirement to prepare a cata- logue of the duplicate specimens which have been collected in the department of Palaeontology, I must beg leave to state that when J began the Palaeontology in 1843, it was my wish to col- lect as far as possible suites of fossils for the State collection and for the Colleges, as had been done of the rocks and minerals du- » ring the Geological survey ; convinced of the great importance of having these collections, and that no time could ever be so fa- vorable for the object as during the progress of the necessary c¢ol- lections for the Palaeontology. Having, however, no appropri- ation for the employment of an assistant, I hired persons at my own expense for two or three years; and a large part of the col- lection of duplicates enumerated in the subjoined list, was thus made. Finding it impossible to make the collections with my own means, I abandoned the intention of making collections for the colleges ; and for the purposes of obtaining specimens for deserip- tion, found it best to purchase them, or to employ collectors oceasionally in a few localities. A complete catalogue of individual specimens in the dupli- eate collections becomes, equally, as with the arranged collection, impossible at the present time, for the reason that many could. not now be characterized by names. Neither would sucha eata- / ~ 144 : [Senate logue be of any value until some permanent arrangement of the specimens be made. They are now placed in drawers, sometimes — piled two or three tiers deep, and others are packed in boxes. During the past summer, the rooms formerly appropriated to this department were otherwise disposed of, and the specimens removed to a basement room, damp and dark, under the westeud of the main building. This place is entirely unfit for such pur- poses; from its dampness it is impossible to use it as a working room, and there is not light enough to examine carefully and ar- range the specimens. Under these circumstances I have not opened boxes where the specimens are much better protected and safer than they can be otherwise. All that I have been able to do, is to endeavor to arrange in some order the drawers, at least so far as to place them in a temporary case, on one side of the room. More than a year since I began a system of numbering for all the duplicate specimens, with a view to catalogue them so far as reference to the different rocks and groups, and known genera, could be made; and I had procured cases for the arrangement of the specimens. When the rooms were otherwise appropriated last summer, most of the drawers of these cases were piled up on the floor of the basement room, and the cases themselves con- verted into other uses. In the present uncertain and disordered state of this collection, with no place to arrange the cases of drawers, this system of cataloguing cannot be continued. You will perceive by the number of boxes and drawers enu- merated, that there is a large collection ; the drawers alone con- tain more than three thousand specimens. Many of these are duplicates, and many of them are not the most perfect specimens ; but they are such as a collector does not pass by ; and many or all are useful in making out the description of species. The collection contains many good and valuable specimens ; which, after selecting a very perfect suite could be made availa- ble either for collections for the colleges and academies, or for exchanges, should it ever be regarded as desirable to extend the collections in this department beyond the limits of the State. i No. 30.] 145 Many of the aramers iain the specimens just as they have been distributed from the boxes, no selection or separation having yet been made. These drawers have a label of the locality from which the specimens have been collected. I would beg leave to call your attention to the fact, that the present situation of these specimens is very unfavorable to their, safety. Those in the smaller drawers are, in a high degree, from their exposure, and from the room being used as a general lum- ber room, exposed to dust; and the dampness of the room is so great that I suppose the shaly specimens, and those containing any iron pyrites will soon go into decomposition. Besides these specimens there are a large number of slabs containing fossils lying in the basement rooms, and many similar ones in the yard and in the shed. The grouping of different species, or of a single species over large surfaces, show their habits while in a living state. The same species in rocks of different character, and in different conditions of preservation, have been collected, in order to show the physical conditions under which the fossils became imbedded. These have been collected with much labor and expense, and in a large collection, should be considered very important and interesting specimens. J regret to say, however, that many such specimens have been either partially or entirely destroyed, since they were deposited on the premises. The collections include the folllowing: 1. One temporary case containing ninety-six drawers filled with specimens from different rocks and groups. 2. Nine similar drawers filled with specimens, not in a case. Three drawers filled with specimens, belonging to new cases. Forty-five large drawers in close cases, filled with specimens of the fossils of the lower limestones, Helderberg limestones, Hamilton and Chemung groups. Fourteen boxes of specimens of fossils and minerals from the Niagara group. [Senate, No. 30.| 10 146 [SwaErEe ‘Three boxes of specimens of Hami roup and Helderberg limestone. a | Forty-nine boxes and three kegs of specimens in the shed out- side the building. Nearly all these boxes have been examined, the specimens re- arranged, and the boxes labelled with a card indicating the fossils they contain. Owing to exposure and other causes many of these labels have become effaced. — f ey y, 904 ATURE rs t Nuns, “al on i Yr THE LEGIS on > % Sebrna ae UARIAN COLLECTION oo z A gr e808 pe sie’ a ie & WS Aw nts Ria ¥ * : é Sy : 2 S. ys as SD NIRS le PINE AND TOE Sl ) PRINTER TO No. 407 Broadway Me 4 P THE UNIVERSITY, he Assem bly, tek C. VAN BENTHUYSE: ean bey ) “0 — . . t , .. MI Se SS tted to t : —_ ansmit ate * ae Mee bet wT ee ‘ a ~~, > ae ae iG F AW Dwi Sa ‘

eee ie Mirae ee Se ae ae ee. Rw, ee aE we ewe seer a 9% oh ee ‘ hich a nll Aten rer winnie me a a sf e silo we. wth | ee sie a wi id ehdnkeways it eee a ne so FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT Of the Regents of the University, on the condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Histori- eal and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto. To the Hon. Jonas C. Heanrt, Speaker of the Assembly : Sin,—I have the honor to transmit the Annual Report of the Regents of the University, on the State Cabinet of Natural His- tory and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto. | I have the honor to remain, Respectfully, Your ob’t sery’t, G. Y.ALANSING, Chancellor. | Assembly, No. 122.] 1 [u.n.3000L.&1000R. | “paotay TAO Ths ae tv feitibase andt.ato hisrovintt oft Io is “inopsilT oil bas protec [simiaVl to ees cotenod, Baxorns moitatloD Wires f bree ni ; eat ae pees 2 anitok eee a | 2 pidge. at rode : todah inno itt tierement toned ody. ovad B : itt ferhewt Yo teaida’® ‘otate edt ao_ ewigiaving oli bezons wolteafie) toitea pita fas fevivodelit ode | i ¥ 4 | i e viilasion ot tous oda oved T ans Sr getlaltongeatt poe . ef rion Mo ta0F Ee hs Aeon aay. MS eo ee [BAO 18.10.0068. 7.01 (Ot of , \ REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY, 1852. a Wasuineton Hunt, Governor, ex officio. Sanrorp E. Cuurcu, Lieut. Governor, ex officio. Henry S: Ranpatx, Secretary of State, ez officio. Gerrit Y. Lansine, Chancellor. Joun Greice, Vice-Chancellor. Guuian C. Verriancx, LL. D. Joun K. Paier. Erastus Cornine. Prosper M. Wermore. Joun L. Granam. Joun McLean. Gipron Hawiry, LL. D. Davip Bue... James 8. Wapswortn. Jonun V. L. Pruyn. Jasez D. Hammonp, LL. D. Joun L. O’SuLiivan. Roserr CAMPBELL. Rev. Samvuext Luckey, D. D. Rogerr G. Rankin. Pyiuie S. Van RenssenakEr. Rev. Joun N. Camppety, D. D. T. Romzyn Brcx, Secretary. ~ : pean ¢ 5 voneilll anaes wad 2 at AD AL, elise Me not va pare oul xslt oT. STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE REGENTS, Specially charged with the care of the State Cabinet. 1851. - WASHINGTON HUNT, Governor. CHRISTOPHER MORGAN, Secretary of State. ROBERT G. RANKIN. ERASTUS ‘CORNING. | ROBERT CAMPBELL. ~ Joun GepHarp, Ja., Curator. James A. Hurst, Taxidermist. *Agdidtd 801 oda Ap "Oe ; * sonerod .TAUH HOT: - .tetE To Yantorn® AOL OM War Pi ee ae e ~~ . 2 ‘ E N . - o ¥ “Eo ‘ 1 ‘s 4 ; - ' ae . ‘ t — REPORT. TO THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK: The Regents of the University . Respectrutty Reporr: “Phat the State Cabinet of Natural History, under the superin- tendence of its efficient Curator, continues in a satisfactory con- dition. All the animals preserved in the collection, have been carefully examined twice during the year just expired, to fore- stall, if possible, any injury from the moth or other destructive causes. Mr. Hurst, the taxidermist, is specially engaged for this duty, as stated in a previous report. The additions to the State Cabinet, by purchase, have not been numerous, although they are specially deserving of note. After several years of strenuous effort, sanctioned by previous standing committees of the Board, and consequent unsuccessful outlays of sums of money, by persons authorised to collect the larger ‘animals native to the State, the last winter proved an eminently’ successful period in attaining the desired object. A male moose, evidently of advanced age and certainly of unusual size, was taken in the northern part of the State,and with much labor and considerable expense, brought to this city, in a good state of pre- servation. It has been purchased for the collection, in accord- ance, it may truly be said, with the generally expressed wishes of your predecessors. A*male panther, of large size, has also been bought, with a beautiful specimen of the Fisher or Black Cat of the New-York 10 . [ ASSEMBLY Hunters (Mustela Canadensis.) This last is becoming extremely rare, within our borders,—so rare indeed that Dr. Dekay could - not obtain a specimen to figure from, and could only give us in his “‘ Zoology of the State of New-York” a drawing of the skull. As the moose is said to differ in various respects from the de- scriptions and figures usually given of that animal,and as a plate — of the Fisher would seem in a measure necessary, to complete the delineations of animals native to our State, the Regents have en- gaged from the funds granted to them, lithographic drawings of each. If it,be desired to. multiply copies of. these, any further expense will be limited to that of printing and paper. ei A list will be found accompanying this Report of the articles added to the Indian Collection in 1850-51, under the superinten- dence of Lewis H. Morgan, and which did not appear in the last — communication made by the Regents to the Legislature. The illustrated report on these articles, by the last named gentleman, was duly transmitted, but it was not deemed advisable by the Legislature to print the same. There remain but few of the large animals indigenous to the State, to be obtained, and the prices demanded must necessarily be smaller. The Regents, through the liberality of the Legisla- ture, will be enabled to ‘add these from time to time, from the present annual appropriation. “8 . Accompanying this report, will be found, among other matters, a list of donations made to the State Cabinet during the year 1851. Their variety and value illustrate the interest taken by the public in the collection. But even this is still more striking - ly and remarkably witnessed in the crowds that literally, from day to day, constitute its visitors. By order of the Regents, G. Y. LANSING, Chaneellor. T. Roweywn Becx, Seerctary. No. 122.] Il The following Papers accompany thts Report. A. Anaccount current of receipts and expenditures during 1851 B. Catalogue of the Quadrupeds, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fishes, &c., added during the year 1851. C. List of Minerals, Geological Specimens and Fossils, added during the year 1851. D. Additions to the Historical and Antiquarian collection, by donation and purchase, from January 1st, 1851, to Janua- ry Ist, 1852. E. References to various writings on the Narvrai History or New-York, that have appeared during 1851. F. Description of the means employed to remove the rocks at Hurlgate, by submarine engineering, by E. Meriam, (ac- companying a specimen of the rock, presented to the State Cabinet.) G. A statement of the materials which have been and are to be used in completing the publication of the Natural History received into the Geological Rooms since the 12th day of February, 1851, to January 1, 1852. (A. ) The Regents of the University, in account current uith the appropri- ations towards preserving and increasing the “ State Cabinet of Natural History,” and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection, annexed thereto, and for defraying the incidental expenses of the same. : + \ To balance from previous account (see Senate Doc., 1851, No. 30; p.)15)5 «4% «ls .5 b ste tile clei 1851. og | ; . Jan. 6. To appropriation received from the Comp- (tollenas ci hivolaas. eons oth lepine July 14. To appropriation received from the Comp- | thoblers oz er saad wh). Jee eG@s d- RALCEREMOMOD Ob $1,105 51 ae ee ee 1850. peop DR. Dec. 27. By cash paid Dr. Asa Fitch, for 295 specimens of insects, native to the State, and naming and arranging the same, (described in the last reports) NO. 1.5: «a ap ap, «aie scale ti5) eine 1851. | Jan. 20. By cash paid A. F. Chatfield, for 145 speei- mens of insects collected at Albany and its WHCTURLYs IVOG See kina re kecwew sees as -15 00 By cash paid Jas. Gladding, glazing and paint- ing at State Cabinet, No. 3, ...0:...06 cee: 7 96 By cash paid J. A. Hurst, on account of sala- ry, for preserving specimens, keeping them in good condition, as per contract, from Sept. Ist, 1850, to July Ist, 1851, No. 4,.. 150 00 By cash paid contingent expenses of State Cab- inet, six accounts with vouchers, No. 5,.. 6 61 Amount carried forward,........cec0 ever se> $200 BT No. 122.] | April 3. July 15. 26. al. Dec. 15. 13 Amount brought forward, ....... RERTRY EN By cash paid Dexter & Nelligar, for arsenic, alcohol, camphor, &c., during two years, © BOT CANO ATO. INO: Gy. cee secs cecsee:s By cash paid J. A. Hurst, for a bull moose, BREE Taare ent eirsts s Ga’ uik eS erate Mrereinieae By cash paid Dr. F. B. Hough, for collecting various specimens of fishes and one in the river St. Lawrence, &c., No. 8,. . By cash paid for nieibenten expenses, six ‘Mouchers)NG.9 adh to olde odd al gathias . By cash paid for incidental expenses, No. 10, W. J. Warner, binding,. ..00...... $2 75 Blank book, ViGitOrsn. os, cu sacs ».s 0's 5 00 Expenses on minerals presented by Be Comey otra eesti ae DGS By cash paid, No. 11, John Gebhard, Jr., incidental ex- penses of the rooms, ......... . $13 94 Hood & Tobey, for a microscope,.. 25 00 Weed & Parsons, for printing labels, 6 00 By cash paid Jas. A. Hurst, salary to Septem- Her st; 1991, No.1... 0s. See's ere ay ae By cash paid Jas. A. Hurst, for various ani- mals preserved, including a, male panther, very large, a fisher, very rare, rattlesnake and young, and a black rat, No. 13,...... 7 By balance to new account,.... \ $259 57 12 02 ‘500 00 20 00 44 94 ~50 00 $1,054 15 51 36 $1,105 51 SS er ere ere 14 3 [AssxmELy We have examined the above account, and find it correct. The payments have been made by order of the standing commit- tee and are accompanied with proper vouchers. WASHINGTON HUNT, ) CHRISTOPHER MORGAN, Albany, Dee. 24, 1851. ERASTUS CORNING. ( Copy. ) Axupany City Bank, Dec. 19, 1851. I certify that there is the sum of fifty-one dollars and thirty- six cents standing to the credit of the “ State Cabinet of Natural History” on the books of this bank. ( Signed ) H. H. MARTIN, | Cashier. ( B. ) CATALOGUE, OF THE QUADRUPEDS, BIRDS, REPTILES, AMPHIBIANS, ‘FISHES, &€., ADDED TO THE State Cabinet of Natural History, From January 1, 1851, to January 1, 1852. 4 f ce 7 ee { EX wep wih tio ee ongallt nd. the! « ote # uatuty * on the basen seep MAMMALIA. ORDER CARNIVORA. FAMILY SORECIDZ. - caLops aquaticus, Common Shrew Mole, - - - - p. Presented by James H. Raby, of Albany. FAMILY URSIDE. URsus AMERICANUS, vehi Black Bear, -) - - >- .- = FAMILY MUSTELIDZ.: MustTELa caNaDENsIS, The Fisher, - - - - ~ - - - os FAMILY FELIDE&. - Fauis concotor, Northern Panther, (male and female,) - Lyxcus rurus, Wildeat.or Bay Lynx, - - - - - - - Presented by Julius Rhoades, Esq. ORDER RODENTIA. » FAMILY ARCTOMIDZ. : Arotomys monsax, Woodchuck—the skull, - - - - - Presented by Lewis McMullen Selkirk, of Beth- lehem, Albany county. ; ORDER UNGULATA. FAMILY CERVIDA. Vanvys avces, The Moose,'(male,) -..- -- eres [ Assembly, No. 122.] 2 ZooLogy—Part I. 31 47 51 68 BIRDS. ORDER ACCIPITRES. FAMILY FALCONIDE. Haviarros Levcocepuatus, Bald Eagle, - - - - - p. FAMILY STRIGIDE. Bono maximus, Eagle Owl, from Norway. Presented by D. L. Barker, Esq., of Hevingham Hall, Yoxford, Suffolk county, England. Bouso asio, Little Screech:Owl, - - - - - - - - - Presented by Dudley Walsh, of Albany. : ORDER GRALLA. FAMILY GRUIDZ. AxgpEA CANDIDISSIMA, White-crested Heron, (female,) - - This specimen was shot by the Hon. John A. Dix at Kast Hampton, on Long Island, in August, 1850, and is by him presented to the State Cab- inet. ZooLoar—Part IT. 5 25 221 REPTILES. ORDER I. TESTUDINATA. FAMILY CHELONIDE. Zootogy—Part III. CHELONURA SERPENTINA, Snapping Turtle, - - - - - p. 8 Emys picra, The Painted Tortoise, - - - - - - - 12 Emys Gutrata, The Spotted Tortoise, - - - - - - 13 Emys Inscutpta, The Wood Terrapin, - - - - - - 14 Cistrupa Carorina, Common Box Tortise, - - - - - 24 ORDER IIT. OPHIDIA. FAMILY COLUBERIDZ. Cotuser Eximivus, The Milk-snake, - - - - - - - p. 38 Tropiponotus pEKAYI, The Small Brown-snake, - - - 46 FAMILY CROTALIDE. CrotaLus purissus, Northern Rattle-snake, - - - - - 55 Two specimens. The one was taken at Lake George, and presented by S. R. Enders, of Al- bany. The other was taken near the Schenec- — tady turnpike, four miles west of the city of Albany, and presented by William Wood, of Albany. | CLASS IV. AMPHIBIA. eee FAMILY RANIDS. Rana patustzis, The Marsh-frog,- - - - - - - - p. 62 Buro americanus, Common American Toad, - - - - 67 Hyua versicotor, Northern Tree-toad, - - - --- - 71 FISHES. ORDER V. LOPHOBRANCHIL. FAMILY SYNGNATHIDE. ZooLogy—Pari V. SyNGNATHUS PEcHIANUS, Olive Brown Pipe-Fish, - - - p. 821 Presented by A. S. Doane. Hippocampus Hupsonius, Hudson river Sea Horse, - - - 822 Presented by John Jacobson, of Staten Island. ; LIST OF SPECIMENS OF LIVING SALAMANDERS PRESENTED TO THE STATE,CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY, BY S. F. BAIRD, OF WASHINGTON CITY. 1. Ambystoma opaca, Salamandra fasciata. Dekay. Zoology IV. p.77. Plate XVII, fig. 40. 3. Notophthalmus viridescens, ‘Triton millepunctatus. Dekay. IV. p. 84. Pl. XV., fig. 34. 3. Notophthalmus miniatus, Salamandra symmetrica. Dekay. IV. p. 73. Pl. XV., fig. 33. 4. Plethodon glutinosus, Salamandra glutinosa, Dekay. IV. 81. Pl. XVIL.. fig. 42, 5. Plethodon cinereus. 6. Plethodon erythronotus, Salamandra erythronota. Dekay. IV. Pl. XVL, fig. 88. 7. Desmognathus fuscus, ' Salamandra picta. Dekay. IV. 75, 8. Spelerpes bilineata, “i Salamandra bilineata. Dekay. IV. 79. - Pl. XXIIL, fig. 67. 9. Hemidactylium scutatum. 22 _ [Assemeny 10. Pseudotriton ruber, Salamandra rubra. Dekay. IV. p, 80. Pl XVII. 43. ’ The specimens were all caught in the course of an hour, on the farm of Joseph C. Tiffany, Esq., near Coxsackie. The ninth species is now for the first time publicly added to the Fauna of the State. CATALOGUE OF REPTILES AND FISHES, FROM ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY, PRCCURED FOR THE STATE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY, BY FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, A. M., M. D. SRN mL REPTILES. FAMILY CHELONID. CHELONURA SERPENTINA, The Snapping Turtle, From Gouverneur, St. Lawrence county. Emmys ‘picra, Painted Tortoise. From Fish Creek, near Black Lake, Macomb, St. Lawrence county, (upper shell.) Emys Inscutpra, Wood Terrapin. Rossie, St. Lawrence county. (shell.) ” FAMILY COLUBERIDA, Cotvser crtutus, Chain-snake. Rossie, St. Lawrence: county. Of common occurrence in this section of the State... CoLuber Eximius, Milk-snake. Rossie.» This is the most com- mon of our serpents. CoLuBer punctatus, Ring-Snake. Of rare occurrence in this re- gion. Thisis the first and only specimen I have found. within the last four years. Rossie. CoLuBER VERNALIS, Grass-snake. Rossie. Very common in the- latter part of summer. It is seldom seen larger than: the specimen sent. | TRopmonotus TzNIA, Striped-snake. Rossie. Very common. Tropipoxotus DE Kay1, Small Brown-snake. Rossie. | This, like the Ring-snake, I consider rare in this section.. 24 | AssEMBLY AMPHIBIANS. FAMILY RANIDA. Rana pipiens, Bull-frog. Rossie. ( Rana Hortconensis, Northern Bull-frog. Black Lake. Rossie. Rana FonTinALis, Spring-frog. Rossie. Very common. Rawa watectna, Shad-frog.. Rossie. Very common. Rana syLvatica, Wood-frog. Rossie. Common. Two speci- mens, young and adult. we Buro AMERicanus, Common Toad. Two specimens; a very small young one and an adult. Rossie. Hyua versicotor, Northern Tree-toad. Rossie. This specimen was kept for some time in order to determine the range of color which it was possible for it to assume. This was found to vary from greenish and light ash-colored _to very dark brown, and it was able to assimilate its color to that of the light colored lichen of the beech, and the darker hues of the elm, maple and pine barks — with great ease. The time required seemed to vary with the light, but usually occupied less than five min- utes. FAMILY SALAMANDRID. SALAMANDRA suBVIOLACEA, Violet-colored Salamander. _ Rossie. Very common under stones and rotten logs, more espe- cially in the spring of the year. Satamanypra Rusra, Red Salamander. Common under logs, &e. Rossie. Two specimens; small. FISHES. Perca FLavescens, American Yellow Perch. Black Lake. This fish is very common in the rivers and small lakes in Northern New-York. An interesting fact relating to this fish has come under my notice, which is worthy of record. Previous to 18438, the waters of Black river No. 122.] 25 and its tributaries were believed to contain none of this species. In that year Messrs. B. Smith, of Greig, and A. Higby, of Turin, Lewis county, procured about thir- ty specimens from Oneida Lake and placed in a pond adjoining Brantingham Lake, with the design of rearing them. The obstructions placed to prevent their escape having been removed, they soon found their way into all the streams and Jakes not obstructed by water falls, with which there is a water communication. And at this time there is no fish more abundant than these in the tributaries of Black river. This result may furnish a valuable suggestion to those who would desire to in- troduce new species of fish from distant localities. Numbers of pike and pickerel were also placed with the perch in the pond, but they are believed to have been destroyed by the salmon trout previously inhabit- ing it, as none have been observed there since. Lucioperca americana, Yellow Pike Perch. Commonly known in this section by the single name of Pike. Two speci- mens; one from the Oswegatchie, the other from Black Lake. These and pickerel are caught throughout the year. In winter a hole is cut in the ice,in which hooks are set; the lines being fastened to the short arm of a lever supported by a rod which passes through it. When the lines are drawn down by a fish the long arm of the lever is thrown up as a signal to the fisherman. One person can often attend upon a dozen hooks at a time. CENTRARCHUS AENEAS, Fresh water Bass, From Black Lake. Centrarcuus Fasciatus, Black Fresh water Bass. Commonly ealled by fishermen Black Bass. Black Lake. Pomotis vuLcaris, The common Pond Fish. Sun Fish. Black Lake. PimeELopus puLLus, Brown Cat Fish, Oswegatchie river. . Another cat fish of very common occurrence in this section, being supposed to be new, is here described :— 26 | ASSEMBLY” (Being under the impression that the following spe- cies is new, a description has been prepared, which is here offered. Since it was written, opportunities have occurred for examining numerous specimens at various stages of growth, and no marked difference was noted between the young and the full grown.) PIMELODUS GRACILIs, (NeW Sp. ) Characteristics.—Caudal fin, fureate; body, slender s ; mouth small and.armed with two bards’ of minute vil- lose teeth. Length nine to fifteen inches. Description.—Color, dark olive brown aboveand light ash-colored beneath the sides, presenting intermediate shades. Surface, scaleless and smooth, except upon the head, where it is minutely granular. Lateral] line dis- tinct and nearly straight: Head slightly flattened, with a. longitudinal depression, extending from a little before the orbits to a point above the extremities of the gills. Barbels eight; two of which are small, erectile, and placed on the anterior margin of the posterior nostrils and reaching the orbits. Anterior nostrils slightly tu- bular and much depressed. The angles of the mouth furnished with flattened and pointed barbels extending back to the tips of the gills and with a slight rudiment ‘of an accessary bone at their base. Four barbels on the lower lip, the external ones longest, somewhat flatten- ed: the interval between the inner ones much greater than between those on the same side. Mouth small - with minute teeth in each jaw and in the throat. Eyes slightly prominent and color of the iris dusky, with a. narrow golden margin. Dorsal fin with one spinous ray slightly serrated behind and six branched rays, the first of which is longest and the last sometimes rudi- mentary. Pectoral fins with one strong spinous ray | sharply serrated behind and nine branched rays which regularly diminish in length from the first to the last. The tips of the pectorals when depressed extend beyond the middle of the dorsal, and the spinous rays of these admit of ‘being fixed at the will of the animal, when they might serve as weapons for defence. Ventral fins No. 122. ] 27 of eight soft rays, the third of which is: longest—some- what rounded and reaching the base of the anal fin. Anal fin with twenty-two—twenty-four branched rays— long and sub-equal. Caudal fin of twenty-two branch- ed rays, furcate. Adipose fin half an inch in length and extending up the back in a ridge about one inch. Vent, midway between the ventral and anal:fins, with an urinary meatus behind it, appearing as a'small tu- bercle. Base of the fins becoming reddish after death from infiltration. Length nine to fifteen inches. Fin rays, D. 1-6; P. 1:9; V. 8; A. 22-24; ©. 29. This species occurs in the Oswegatchie, Indian, and other rivers tributary to the St. Lawrence, and in seve- ral of the smaller lakes of St. Lawrence and Jefferson counties. Its neat, slender form, small mouth and fur- cate tail distinguish it from other species which occur in these waters and from any that are described either as proper or extralimital in the Natural History of this State. It is said by fishermen that it did not occur in the Oswegatchie river previous to 1832. It is distin- guished by no other local name but simply that of com- mon catfish in the localities where it occurs, and is by most considered equal to the trout as an article of food. Cartostomus auREoLus, Mullet Sucker. Oswegatchieriver. Com- mon in the lake and large streams of St. Lawrence co. Levciscus aTronasus, Glack-nosed Dace, From a small stream in Rossie, where it is common. Levciscus niripus, Shining Dace. Oswegatchie river, where it abounds. It is commonly called by no name except Dace. Esox netTicuLatus, The common Pickerel.’ Commen in Black Lake, St. Lawrence river, &c., where it at times attains a weight of fifteen or eighteen pounds. Hyopon tereisus, River Moon-eye. Black Lake. From the sil- very reflection of this fish it has received the local and improper name of White fish. Lepipostrus Bison, Buffalo Bony Pike. Known here only by the name of Bill fish. It abounds in Black Lake, and at certain seasons they appear along the shores and stony age .- : | ASSEMBLY points in immense numbers. The proper spawning sea- son of this fish in Black Lake is about the middle of June. At this season they appear in the greatest num- bers in companies of four and five. Being objects of no — value and very annoying to fishermen, they are destroy- ed upon all occasions and in great numbers. Pickerel and other fish very often suffer from the bite of these voracious and unsightly fish. They have been taken five feet in length in Black Lake. ANGUILLA TENUIROSTRA, Common Eel. Oswegatchie river. From Josrpu Russet, of Albany. EGG OF THE SHARK. From Beyxsamin Kyower, of Onondaga Hill, Onondaga county. A SEA SHELL (Cassis), from the Pacific Ocean. TorRTOISE SHELL, from the Pacific Ocean. ‘A specimen of corat, from the Pacifie Ocean. From Agen Frencu, Esq., of Albany. A BALL oF HarR, from the stomach of an animal. “Hl SO O W S3971¥ SNIYIA)D ANVEIY “ISVI Hg HINY IO 'HLI7 THE MOOSE, CERVUS ALCES. The accompanying lithograph is after a drawing by Swinton, from the grand specimen in the State Cabinet, which was killed in the town of Ohio, Herkimer county, N. Y., in the month of January, 1851, by hunters in the employ of Mr. James A. Hurst, State Taxidermist, and was by him set up and prepared for the State. The dimensions of the animal are as follows: Feet. Inches Length from point of nose to root of tail,......... px lis gbenethiofiiail yiieds Jjn-asle. ooo f-wupeat sds. nee 8 Height, aishowlden | juts 2.20 foods Io. YO tages &REEHLOT3 The following account of the moose is copied from De Kay’s Zoology of New-York: In the summer, the moose frequents the neighborhood of lakes and streams, frequently swimming in the water, and feeding upon aquatic plants, among which the roots of the pond lily appear to be most greedily devoured. It also feeds upon the high coarse grasses, twigs of trees, more especially of the striped maple, (Acer striatum, Pursh,) which has consequently received the nanie of Moose-wood. It likewise peels old trees, and feeds upon the bark. Period of gestation, nine months; and it produces one or two at a birth, in April or May. _. In winter, the moose herd together for mutual protection, se- lecting hilly woods, and feeding exclusively on young twigs and the moss and bark of trees. These herds consist of a bull, a cow and two calves; sometimes four or five cows, but this is more rare. Occasionally several of these herds unite, and when the \ 30 [ AssempLy snow lies deep, they will tread down a space of several acres, which are termed by the hunters moose-yards. At this season, and in such situations, the hunter attacks them most successfully. They are yet numerous iu the unsettled portions of the State, in the counties of Essex, Herkimer, Hamilton, Franklin, Lewis and Warren; and since the gradual removal of the Indians, they are now (1841) believed to be on the increase. They have been extirpated from Massachusetis, but are still found in Maine, Ver- mont and New Hampshire. Godman has erroneously stated that they are not known south of Maine; and this error has been magnified by subsequent copyists, who assert that it is not found in the State of Maine. It existed formerly much nearer the Atlantic coast; for we learn from Dunlap, that a pair of moose were once sent from Fisher’s island to England. The moose is a timid, wary animal; and its senses of hearing and smelling are so acute, that it requires the greatest caution on the part of the hunter to approach it. During an expedition of several weeks through the counties of Hamilton, Franklin and Essex, although their tracks were almost daily visible, yet we never had an opportunity of shooting a single individual. The moose furnishes an excellent material from its hide for moccasins and snow-shoes. The best skin is obtained from the bull moose in October, and usually sells for four dollars. They were formerly so numerous about Raquet lake, that the Indians and French Canadians resorted thither to obtain their hides for this purpose; and hence we have the origin of the name of that lake, the word raquet, meaning snow-shoes. They still exist in its neighborhood. The moose, when pursued, trots off with great rapidity, but in an awkward manner, its hoofs at: the same time making a crack- ing noise. At this gait it soon leaves the hunter far behind, step- ping with great ease over fallen timber of the largest size. When hard pressed by the hunters on snow-shoes, if it breaks up into a gallop, they are sure of overtaking it soon. Its flesh is much esteemed, and the meat of the young can scarcely be distinguish- ed from the best veal. . The nose and tongue are particularly con- sidered great dainties. The-moose, when ‘taken young, is easily No. 122.] 31 domesticated, and has been used in this State for draught. I am not aware, however, that they possess any advantage for such purposes over our common beasts of burden; and their prefer- ence for twigs and bark of trees, instead of grasses, would render them not very desirable to the farmer who cared for the growth of his plantation. \ - The moose inhabits the northern parts of both continents. In America, they range to the Arctic Sea; and Iam enabled to state, from personal knowledge, that their extreme southern limit along the Atlantic coast is 43° 30’ in the State of New-York. Pele md ea be a 4 Ghee ORAM) rel bag B fh . iain 4 ss ee, at ww t , . a : Ne eh eR ths pe a ei fe iy’ , Pe “WLW DS MLD WT 8° YL TT Ga | SISNAJGVNVOD WIJLSNW ¥ f : i AN VETY “FISWSS HI 10 WLI7 L THE FISHER. MUSTELA CANADENSIS. * In 'the “ Zoology” of the State, the skull, ohly, of the fisher is figured ; Dr. Dekay not being able at the time of the publication, to procure a perfect specimen: The Regents of the University, for the purpose of supplying this defect in the illustrations of the Mammalia, directed a drawing and engraving to be made from the beautiful specimen in the State Cabinet, which was taken in the town of Ohio, Herkimer county, N. Y.,in the month of January, 1851. (See figure on the preceding page. ) The following remarks on the sa aa are copied from Dekay’s Zoology of New-York: ; The fisher or black cat of our hunters, i is a large and powerful animal, standing nearly a foot from the ground. It was former- ly very abundant in this State, but is now confined to thinly set- tled northern districts. Twenty years ago they were numerous in the western part of the State, where they are now scarcely ever seen., It is a nocturnal species, and lives chiefly on the smaller quadrupeds, but also devours frogs, fish and serpents. It climbs trees with great ease, and takes up its abode in the trunk of a tree. It appears to prefer marshy wooded swamps, and the vicin- ity of lakes and water-courses. The name of fisher, which has been censured as not applicable e. to this animal, is, however, that by which it is best known, and - which it has received from its characteristic habits. Richardson States that it feeds on the hoards of frozen fish stored up by the residents. We are informed by a person who resided many years near Lake Ontario, where the fisher was then common, that the name was derived from its singular fondness for the fish used. to bait traps. The hunters were in the practice of soaking their [ Assembly, No, 122.) 2 = 34 [| ASSEMBLY fish over night, and they were frequently carried off by the fish- er whose well known tracks were seen in the vicinity. In Ham- ilton county it is still numerous and troublesome. The hunters there have assured me that they have known a fisher to destroy twelve out of thirteen traps in a line of not more than fourteen miles in length. It brings forth two young annually. Its geo- graphical range is included between the fortieth and seventieth parallels of latitude, extending across the continent. (G.) CATALOGUE oF MINERALS, GEOLOGICAL SPECIMENS AND FOSSILS ADDED TO THE State Cabinet of Natural History, FROM JANUARY 1, 1851, TO JANUARY I, 1852. S061 4t TANTHAL ve ed gla PY oe & aes Fie * ia MINERALS. DONATIONS To the State Cabinet of Natural History, during 1851. From Hamitton Fisx, late Governor of the State of New-York. (Governor Fisx received the following as a present from Gov- ernor:FLoyp, of Virginia. He desired to mark his appreciation of the donation, by placing it in the “State Cabinet of Natural History.”’) 1. Native Rock Salt, found in sinking the Salt Wells of Washing. ton’and Smyth counties, Virginia. ‘(Two specimens.) 2. Table, or Dairy Salt, made at the Salt Wells of Washington and Smyth counties, Virginia. 3. Common Sclt, made at the Salt Wells of Washington and Smyth counties, Virginia. 4. Coarse Salt, made at the Salt Wells of Washington and Smyth counties, Virginia. 5. Gypsum, from Washington and Smyth counties, Virginia. (Three varieties.) 6. Primitive Marbie, from Rockbridge county, Virginia. 7. Iron Ore, (Limonite?) From Graham’s Works in Wythe coun- ty, Virginia. Also found throughout South-western Virginia and East Tennessee. (Two specimens.) 8. Iron Ore, ( ) From Sharpe’ s Iron Works, Washington county, Virginia. 9. Lead Ore, from Smyth county, Virginia. _ (Two specimens.) 38 [ ASSEMBLY | 10. Lead Ore, from Albemarle and Wilson counties, Virginia. (Two specimens. ) 11 Lead Ore, ( _) From Wythe county, Virginia. (Five specimens.) 12. Crystalized Quartz, from Carroll county, Virginia. (Three . specimens. ) 13. Copper Ore, (copper pyrites?) from a county, Vir- | ginia. (Three specimens. ) 14. Cannel Coal, from Kenhawa county, Virginia. (Three speci- mens.) : 15, Semi-bituminous Coal, from Wythe county, Virginia. From Joun H. Scatrerwoon, of Albany. A specimen of suLpHURET oF rron, from Ohio. From James H. Siu, of Argyle, Washington county. © A specimen of cranire, containing molybdenite, broken from a_ boulder, found in North Argyle, Washington county. — From Hoop & Tozry, of Albany. A specimen of native cinnazar, (red sulphuret of mercury,) from California. From Perrer Ozernist, of Albany. A specimen of sLac, from the Crane Iron Ore. . From Juziws Ruoanes, Esq., of Albany. Specimens of caLcarrous tuFa, (petrified moss and wood,) from Marcellus, Onondaga county. | From Davin Noste, 2d, of J ohnsburgh. | Two specimens of crarrrte, from the farm of A. Noble, Johns- burgh, Warren county. From D. A. Hawrey, of Albany. | Two specimens of 1ron ore, from the south-eastern part of jPut-+ nam county, N. Y. From Epwarp Murray, of West Troy. A specimen of marBLe, from Ulster county, N. Y. | No. 122. } 39 From J. F. Amrs, of Manchester, N. H. A QUARTZ cRYSTAL, from Canterbury, N. H. From Dr. J. 8S. Conxry, of Antwerp, Jefferson county, N. Y. A specimen of miLLerits, (sulphuret of nickel,) from Antwerp, Jefferson county. A specimen of cacoxEentTE, (chaleodite of Shepard,) Antwerp, Jef- ferson county. A specimen of sparuic 1ron, from Sterling Iron Mine, Antwerp, Jefferson county. Presented by Pirrre Vaw Corrianpr. A specimen of rron, made from the iron ore discovered at An- thony’s Nose, in the Highlands, in blasting for the tun- nel in the Hudson River Railroad. From Lronarp Wizur, of Wales, Erie county, N. Y. A specimen of sepraria, found on his, farm in Wales, Erie Co., N. Y. From Russeii Couz, of Troy. A specimen of CaLirorn1a QUARTZ. A specimen of prssixs, cemented together by iron, which ie : overlays the gold bearing sand. From Jou J. Moax, of New Scotland, Albany, county. Several stems of encrinites, from New Scotland ; also, Specimens of inDURATED CLAY. From Micnarnt Cuarxe, of Albany. A water-worn PeBBLe, resembling a potato. From the Hon. E. T. Smirx, of Suffolk county, N. Y.. Several przeues from the shores of Long Island. Specimen of sanp from the beach of Long Island. From Beysamin Kwowsr, of Onondaga Hill, Onondaga Co. A specimen of copper org, in quar®. LIST OF MINERALS FURNISHED FOR THES STATE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY, BY FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, M.D., Of SOMERVILLE, ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY, N. Y. SpecuLAR IRON oRE, from an island in Muscalunge lake, Theresa, Jefferson county, where it has been wrought to some extent; but the great quantities of iron pyrites with which it is associated, will greatly impair if not entirely destroy its value. ! SPECULAR ORE WITH IRON PyRITES. Locality of preceding. TRON PYRITES. Do. SULPHATE OF BARYTES. Do. MALACHITE. Do. DysyNTRIBITE. . eo: | 4 Sroncy quartz. Locality of preceding. This is formed by the removal by decomposition of sulphuret of iron from the quartz rock in which it is disseminated. The specimen exhibits every stage of the process. : Gaurna. Macomb, St. Lawrence county. LasraporitE, from « large boulder on the shore of the St. Law- rence, near Ogdensburgh. Dysynrainite. A new species describc’ in the proceedings of the American Association, New ilaven, 1850, p. 311. This name (suggested by the difficulty with which it is pulver- | ized in a mortar,) has been given by Prof. Charles U. Shepard, of Amherst College, to the variegated serpentine almost invariably associated with the red specular iron ore of Northern New-York. No. 122.] 41 So uniform is this association that I have become accustomed to regard it as a reliable indication of ore. This mineral is referred to in the annual and final reports of the geological survey of this State in the following places :— Fourth annual report, p. 74, where it is called serpentine. “It oecurs near the natural bridge in Lewis county, and is suscepti- ble of a fine polish.” This is the only locality hitherto noticed in which this mineral is of sufficient solidity in mass, to be wrought into articles of utility. Final Report of 2d district, p. 68, mentioned as serpentine, accompanying iron ore. , Do. pp. 71, 94, 95, where it is noticed as an associate of iron ore. — Do. p. 96, where it is Acsoritien as serpentine breccia. Do. p. 376, mentioned as serpentine associated with iron ore at the Shurtliff ore bed in the town of Philadel- phia, Jefferson county. Do. p. 377, also spoken of as an associate of ore at the Sterling iron mine, Antwerp, Jefferson county. 7 Mineralogical report, p. 274, Lewis county, mention- ed as serpentine.’ Third Annual Report of Regents on State Cabinet, p. 31, where it is named “ Brecciated black. Serpentine.” Hovenire, 3 specimens. ‘This is a new species, described by Prof. C. U. Shepard, in the Transactions of the Ameri- ean Association, New-Haven, 1850, page 314. It occurs in Gouverneur, St. Lawrence co., near the southwestern edge of the town, one and a half miles north of Somer- ville village. Its associates are serpentine in large erystals imperfectly developed,—phlogopite of a reddish Fellow cast, and spinelle often in small brilliant crystals of a reddish color, or more rarely an inch on a side. Dolomite, chondrodite, and blue amorphous spinelle oc- eur in the vicinity. | | 42: en | ASSEMBLY bs The rock in which these oceur is white limestone, rising in this place but a slight distance above the general level, and the depo- site is apparently limited to a few feet in extent. From observations made since the description was published, there is reason to believe that this mineral is pseudomorphous. of spinelle. It is, however, but very rarely crystalized, and oe- curs usually in nodular masses, with awhite or pearly grey color externally and reddish brown within. A crystal of spinelle has been noticed in some instances as anucleus to these globules. This locality is mentioned in the State Report on Mineralogy as furnishing serpentine and mica. Zircon, having the prevailing form of the following figure, oc- : fe Figure 1. . curs one mile from Rossie village, St. Lawrence coun- ty. From its oceurrence at different localities in the same range for three or four miles, there may be reason to hope that it will hereafter be detected in considera- _ ble quantities. Hitherto it has been found only in de- tached crystals, sparingly scattered through white lime- stone, and associated with apatite, graphite, loxoclase, ko. The form here represented. is not figured in the mineralogical report of Prof. Lewis C. Beck, and is an interesting addition to the crystalline forms of this mineral. It seldom occurs with the symmetry of the figure, but is usually greatly distorted by the extension of some of the planes at the expense of thg others. The intervening prism is at times obliterated: The terminal planes are usually the most brilliant, while those which separate these from the prismatic portion have a dull wrinkled surface, with occasional strie in the direction of the natural cleavage. Specimens of these have been placed in the State Cabinet. No. 122.] 43 SuLPHATE OF BARyTEs. Limpid crystals of this mineral, from one line to half an inch in extent, have been noticed associated with calcite and spathic iron, at the iron mines in Rossie, St. Lawrence county. They are of es- pecial interest, as representing crystalline forms not hitherto attributed to this State. The following figures exhibit the forms observed at this locality. i My Fig 3. At times, the thickness of the tabular crystals greatly exceeds. their length, and they become rectangular prisms, with flat sum- mits and bevelled edges.. Heavy sparis among the rarest of the associates of specular iron in Northern New-York, although it occurs among the white limestone at some localities, in great abundance. F. B. HOUGH. ss biG a tio? ore oe : nt 4 eke " hi i ur re eh aaers binding what a iit “ah tals ihe sea BL ae tt aay ran ede sid : a ent: oh ; ath % Bre ; , * : * v x An a 4 tu! tea fy | ays Bi : j r : Thee s ? A : Ve Ae ; em, ‘ ere! LU fy! a r we ans ; eu 1 A ‘ ‘ d ~. ‘ j 2 Fis) ~ - , = - ‘ one " ; , ; 5 ; oe 1 j ty +s i were i \ * fi ‘ah f ¥ si SUA 1 j 4 ‘ A ¥ i n : il » - 4 r : u / — ” ’ : { ‘ 7 > 4 u : ; / ; } ‘ 4 ) i» 4 “ my 4 ‘ “ . i mn Wale t Sipe ~ ~ y s ' ” - Py ~ ny \ iy, 4 f, ¥ Olid he te t ; f " 35 ; my ; oe eA : i Pp 4 4 , . ‘ p a ‘ + ¥ - f ¥ ( X f ; " ‘ ‘ : ‘ Re a ; TY fibe s * eI ‘ . - } 4 : 7 ' : ‘ eee * ind 4 x rh tT. . ‘ i" “ 4 he i ; bh F a ., vv ‘ a | a ? ; i ' ' ie me Mi! i" a4 . 7 r pn — i ‘ f v { ‘ bey : ‘ r ' i } A at a ’ i ee s yy ’ . : r ' . ‘ F ae Ng & wR gee , 7 U n , é ( D.) ADDITIONS . TO THE HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION, InN THE State Cabinet of Natural Gistorp, FROM JANUARY 1, 1851, TO JANUARY 1, 1852. AE 6 ALUM OP BE BARDIA, MOAN 02 : decal: We Sel oe a x M4 ax x i : y . i X 5 f \ ‘ t tbe eae rah ee Pete bei pre's Pca hae yet at . ise \ ‘ % " wie r 4 +, " ; . " re ‘ ; Ags , ay . ‘| 4 Ww pe \ Pra ¥ he rite BR Mee ae 8s be garrh . 4 4 H , ” : ' ' ' - , ¥ . i ‘ 1 ~ } . j ae fi he ‘ eet . . = ‘ v < / lhe ! ‘ oe DONATIONS. ‘From Lewis McMouuuen Seuxrrx, of Bethlehem, Albany county. An Indian chert arrow ueEap, (large.) Found in Bethlehem, Albany co. From Prof. Esrnezer Emmons, of Albany.. A fragment of Inpian porrery. Found on the banks of the Hudson river, six miles above the High Falls. This fragment, which is two inches long and one and a half wide, represents the head and about one half of the shell of a tor toise. It appears to have been a portion of a pipe. From Frerpinayp WieEt, of Albany. A. specimen of corn made of the bark of the bread fruit tree, by the natives of one of the islands in the Pacific ocean. From James H. Siti, of Washington co. A piece of one of the oak rrExs cut down inthe town of Argyle, Washington county, in the year 1797, for the purpose of constructing a navy, under the administration of John Adams. The following communication of Mr. Sill, accompanies the specimen : “T have taken the liberty to dead to the State Cabinet of Natu- ral History a piece of oak ti en from a tree which grew in the town of Argyle, Washington county, N. Y., and was cut down in the year 1797, under the administration of John Adams, to be used in building a tavy. My unele, David Sill, informs me, that there were at that time two gigantic oaks which grew near together, that were cut for 48 [ AssEMELY the above named purpose. One of them was hewed, and after- wards drawn by fifteen yoke of oxen, with the forward end ele- -vated on a huge woodsled. When they had got out of the woods, a “stump speech” was delivered by one of the party from the. forward end of the stick, as a stage. After passing the bottle around, according to the custom of the times, they moved on with shouts of overflowing patriotism that almost seemed to inspire even the dull ox with more than his ordinary ambition, and thus delivered the stick ata place then called Dumont’s Ferry, a short distance below Fort Miller. The other tree, of which the piece presented to the State Cabi- — net is a part, was cut and scored on two sides, and partly hew- ed; but owing to some small defect it was abandoned. About twelve years subsequent to that time, it was split into rails and laid up into fence. Only a few of the rails mow remain, and it was with some trouble that I succeeded in obtaining a few pieces which bear the marks of the axes of those who scored and partly hewed the stick ; one of which is seen on the plete herewith pre- sented. J AMES Hi. SILL. From the ae BE. T. Smrrx, of Suffolk county, N. Y. "Two Indian arrow Heaps, made of greasy quartz. One do, made of yellow jasper. From A. Heyer Brown, of Albany. A stone axr, eleven inches in length. This relic was found sev- eral feet below the surface, in digging a well at Pough- keepsie, Dutchess county. From Mrs. Mercy Vauentine, of Albany. A military cap pLats, of the Revolution. Design.—The Ameri- can Eagle with extended wings, surmounted by thir- teen stars. Motto—‘ Unity is Strength,” 1776. From Agranam J. Warner, of Richmondville Schoharie co. An ancient miti-stonr, plowed up in’ the town of Conesville, Schoharie county, in the summer of 1850. The stone is gray wacke, twenty inches in diameter and two inches thick, and was used in the early settlement of the coun- try in a hand-mill. No. 122, 49 From the Rev. M. 8. Goopats, of Amsterdam, Montgomery co. A camp xniFe, dug up by James Stewart, Esq., of Guy Park, for- merly the residence of Sir Guy Johnson, of tory memo- ry in the days of the Revolution. The knife is a relic of those times. ¥ From Tueopore Mitts, of Cherry Valley, Ashtabula, co., Ohio. STONE CHISEL, made of greenstone. STONE DEER-SKIN DRESSER, made of har ra STONE AXE. WHITE CHERT ARROWHEAD. The following communication accompanies the relics. “To the Regents of the University of the State of New-York : “‘Gent.—Please accept the Indian hatchet, arrow and knife, which are herewith presented to you. ‘T picked them up on my farm in the Cherry Valley, Ashta- bula county, Ohio. _% Deeming all Indian implements acceptable as presents to the Geological Hall, I take the liberty of presenting them. — THEODORE MILLS.” Cherry Valley, Ohio, June 20, 1851. . \ From the Rev. Joun N. Campzeuz, D. D., of Albany. A cup, turned from one of the red cedar gate posts of Fort William Henry. The gate posts were placed in the ground A. D. 1755, and removed A. D.1837. These posts are now in the State Cabinet. A BEAD BASKET, made and presented by Perer Le Paces, jr., one of the pupils belonging to the New-York Institute for the Blind. A specimen of Pot Rock,” from Hurl Gate channel, near New- York. Procured and forwarded by Mons. Martuerert, the engineer employed in removing obstructions to navigation in Hurl Gate. A piece of copper sHEETING, taken from Way’s Reef in Hurl Gate channel. Large quantities of this were obtained while | Assembly, No. 122. ] 4. 50 ey removing the reefs in Hurl Gate, which had been stripped trom vessels which had struck against them at different times. Presented by Mons. Maiturrerr, engineer, &e. From Prrer G. Brapt, of Bethlehem, Albany co. A stone cutsEL. Also, two regularly rounded PegsBLEs. From W. A. Horcuxiss, of Albany. An reon wey, taken from the Halls of the Montezumas, Mexico, on the 12th day of June, 1848, and which originally be- longed to the Palace Garden gate. From Henry B. Toop, of Mott Haven, Westchester co. N. Y. A part of the suor rack of the British frigate Hussar, with four cannon balls. Also a musket,and a bayonet and scab- bard. © “The frigate Hussar, was lost December 15th, 1780, off Stoney . ‘Island, on Westchester county shore, having struck Pot Rock, in Hurl Gate. She was loaded with troops, ammunition, and supplies for the British army in this country. The troops and erew had barely time to reach shore, before she sunk, with seven- ty American prisoners, who were in irons and could not be res- cued. These relics were obtained by Messrs. Pratt & Howe, in the month of August, 1851, by the aid of Taylor’s sub-marine armour, after having been buried over seventy years. The wreck . lies in water seventy-six feet deep, at high water.” From Bensamin Kynower, of Onondaga Hill, Onondaga co. A clay prinxine cup, in the form of a duck, from the Sandwich Islands. Also, a HEAD DRESS, made of sea shells. No. 122.] 51 SCHEDULE OF ARTICLES Qbtained from Indians residing in western New-York and on Grand River in Upper Canada, being the product of ther own handicraft and manufacture, for the Historical and Antiquarian collection in the State Cabinet of Natural History, by Lewis H. Morgan, Esq., of Rochester. , . The following extract is taken from Mr. Morgan’s report to the Regents of the University in relation to the Indian articles mentioned in the schedule. | “ By a reference to the schedule, it will be perceived that the additions the present year are at least equal in variety and inter- est with those of the preceding. Some of them are of the same name and general character; but in such cases the article itself will be-found to be either a more perfect specimen, different in some essential particular, or from some other locality. A portion of the articles were obtained of the Mohawks, Onondagas, Cayu- gas, Senecas and Tuscaroras, who, to the number of two thou- sand four hundred and fifty, now reside upon a large reserve se- cured to them by the British government on Grand River in the Niagara peninsula, in Upper Canada. But the residue and_the chief portion were obtained from the Senecas in the western part of the State.” . Ga-dis-ha. Swear for carrying arrows. 1 2. Ga-je-wi. War cuz, with ball head. 3. Gi-such-ta Ote-ko-4. Brett oF wamrum. 4. Ote-ko-4. Srrine or wAmMpuM. 5. Ah-so-qua-ta. Srone pipe. 6. Da-ga-ya-sont. Siiver cross, 8 inches by 5. :p do.:.* do. 6 inches by 4. 8. do. do. 3 inches by 13. 2 specimens 9. Au-ne-as-ga. SiLver proacu, 4 inches diameter. 10. do. | do. 3 inches diameter. | 1]. do. do —-« 14 inches diameter. There ard in all 13 broaches of various sizes. | 12. do. | 13. do. 14 . Au-ne-i-hughd. Finerr rine. 4 specimens. 15. 16. Ly. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. ol. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. | AL. 42, 43. 44. 45, 46. 47, 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 52 . | ASSEMBLY Ah-was-ha. Ear rine. 1 pair. D§-yase-ta-hos-ta. SiLvER HAT BAND. Ont-wis-ta-ne-un-da-qui. Siuver Beans. (Long.) O-wis-tai-no-o O-sta-o-qua. Rounp Sitver Beans. (Variety.) Gd-ose-ha. Bany FRAME. : Ga-swa-hos-ha. Bapy FRAME BELT. Gia-nose-g4. Basy rRaAME BELT. do do Da-ya-he-gwa-hus-ta. Hat BAND OF BROACHES. Ga-yd-ah. Sarcuen. Ga-ya-ah. Work Bac. Ya-wa-o-di-qua. Piy Cusuion. (2 spec.)- Ga-ka-ah. Kizr. (Made of fawn skin.) Got-ko-on-da Gise-ha. Drer skin LEGGIN. Da-yunt-wi-hos-ta. Der sKIN WAIST BELT. Yunt-ka.to-da-ta. Demr skin sHOULDER BELT. Ah-ta-qua-o-weh. Moccasin. do do do do Hair ORNAMENT. SHOT POUCH. Gat-go-ne-as-heh. Hommony suave. (2 spec.) do. do (A chain cut on the end of the handle.) Ya-a-go-jen-ta-qua. Breap TURNER. Ah-do-gwa-seh. WooDEN LADLE. do do (2 specimens.) do do Ah-do-gwa-seh. Bark LADLE. Ah-do-gwa-seh. Woopen Spoon. Gi-na-qui. Bark Barre. (8 sizes.) Ga-o-wi. Bark tray. (6 sizes.) Gi-oo-wi. Bark sap TUB. Ga-te-as-hi. Gass BEaps. , Ga no-si. CoNCH SHELL BREAST PLATE. Ah-da-dis hi. ‘Cane. (2 specimens.) .Ah-so-qui-ta. Pier, made of Missouri stone. do do made of black stone. do do made of Nodule. 6 No. 122.] | 53 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. ag. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74, 75. 76. TT: 78. 79. 80. Sh. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. Ah-so-qua-ta. Pirr, made of wood and lead. Ga-ga, ne-as-heh. Brut aNnp KNIFE. Gus-di-wah-si. TurRTLE SHELL RATTLE. do do O-no-ga Gus-da-wah-sa. Horn RATTLE. Gus-to-weh. HEap DREss. Ga-wa. Moccasin Aw. Buncu oF suMAC. O-yeh-qua-a-weh. Inp1an TOBACCO. Gis-tat-he-o Ga-ya-ah. Fawn skKIN Bac. Gus-da-wa-si Yen che-no-hos-ta. Kyre Ratti, of deer hoofs. Spear used in the war of 1812. Ga-ne-a-ga-o-dus-ha. War cLup. Ya-o-da-was-ta. Inp1an FLuTe. (2 specimens.) Wa-a-no. Inpian Bow. Ga-ne-ah. Bau Bat. Ga-no. Arrow. (Pointed with deer’s horn.) Gi-no. FraTHERED ARROWS. (18 speeimens in sheaf.) Q-di-da-one-dus-ti. Ey sHOWERER. Yun-ga-sa. Topracco pouch, made of the foot and leg of the snapping turtle. Gi-go-si. Fase FACE. Q-a-ta-ose ki. Moost HAIR BURDEN STRAP. Gus-ha-ah. Moose Harr AND BARK BURDEN STRAP, Gus-haé-ah. Burpen srrap, (bark thread and worsted.) Gus-hé-ah. do (bark with moose hair figures.) Ga-te-is ha Gi-a-o-ta-ges. GRAss SHOULDER ORNAMENT. Yout-ka-do-qua. Basket FISH NET. i Husk Moccasins, (one pair.) Ga-a-sken-di. Barx rope—made of basswood filaments. do do 2 specimens from Tonawanda. Ose-ga. SKEIN OF SLIPPERY ELM THREAD. Ose-ga. do (colored. ) do TWISTED INTO STRINGS. Ose-ga. Srrips OF SLIPPERY ELM BARK. O-sa. SKEIN OF BASSWOOD FILAMENTS. O-sa. Srrips OF BASSWOOD BARK. Go-yo-ga-aces FINGER CATCHER. ; 64 _ [Asszmsiy 894. 7 - BIRD TRAP FOR CATCHING QUAILS. 90. Gus-ha-ah. Deer nair BURDEN STRAP. 903 Gus-hi-ah. Basswoop BuRDEN STRAP. Hie, 91. Ne-us-tase-ah. Basxer Sieve. | 92. Gase-ha. CovERED BASKET. 93. O-ga-ka-ah. OPprEn-woRK BASKET. 94. Ta-gase-ha. MARKET BASKET. 95. Ga-geh-da. JavE In, Or SHOOTING STICK. 96. Ah-de-gwas-ha. Hominy sBuapE. , 97, er Pappirs. (6 specimens.) 98. Yun-des-ho-yon-da-gwat-ha. Pop corn si£EvE. 99, An-ne-us-gia. Sitver Broacu. (9 specimens on a card.) 100. An-ne-us-gi. do (20 specimens on a card— small.) 101. Ga-ka-ah. Sxrert. 102. Gise-ha. Lrcern ror Femaue. (1 pair.) 103. Ah-de-a-da-we-si. FremaLe ovER-pREss. 1033 E-yose. BroapcLoTH BLANKET. 104. O-sta-o-qua. Brap NECKLACE. 105. Ga-ka-ah. Skirt FoR FEMALE. - 106. Gise-ha. Lrcein ror FEMALE. (1 pair.) 107.8Ah-de-a-da-we-sd. OvrER-DRESS FOR CHILD. 108. Yen-nis-ho-qui-hos-ta. Wnristpanps oF BEaps. (1 pair.) 109. O-ha-da. Porcupine Quttts. 110.°Drer’s Harr, used for making burden straps, &c. 111. Da-ya-no-ti-yen-di-qui. Swow Boar. 112. Gi-wi-si. Snow snake. (5 specimens.) 113. Ga-ne-ko-wi-ah. Burpgen Fasme. 414. Gaé-no-sote. Bark novse. 115. Ga-sna Ga-o-no. Bark canor. olor ( E. ) References to various Writings relating to the Narv- raL History of New-York, that have appeared dur- ing 1851. ZOOLOGY. Boston Journal of Natural History. Vols. 4,5 and 6. Hentz’s Description of the Araneides, of the United States. - Vol. 6, p. 247. Observations on the Fishes of Nova Scotia and Labrador, with descriptions of new species. By Hora- tio R. Storer. Silliman’s Journal. New Series, Vol. 11, p. 351. Infusoria in Hudson river ice, found by Pro- fessor Bailey, of West Point. Journal lof the Acacemy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelpiia. New Series. Vol. 2. (Ato.) Page 99,139. Anattempt to classify the Longicora Coleoptera of the part of America, north of Mexico. By John L Le Conte, M. D. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sctences, of Philadelphia. Vol. 5, p. 310. Synopsis of the species of Donacia (Fabr) inhab- iting the United States. By John L. Le Conte, M. D. Page 331. Synopsis of the Lampyrides of temperate North Amer- ica. By John L. Le Conte, M. D. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New-York. Vol. 5, p. 68. Description of the Selene Argentea of Lacépedé, a fish whose existence has been doubted. By J. Carson Brevoort. . 56 [ ASSEMBLY ‘MINERALOGY, GEOLOGY AND PALENTOLOGY. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. Vol. 7, p. 212. Sir John Richardson on some points of the Physi- cal Geography of North America, in connection with its. physical structure. | p. 215. Dr. John J. Bigsby on the Erratics of Canada. p. 238. Sir Charles Lyell on Fossil Rain Marks of the recent Triassic and Carboniferous Periods. p. 247. W.E. Logan on the occurrence of a track and foot prints of an animal in the Potsdam sandstone of Lower Canada. ¥ p. 361. Onthe Houghite of Prof. Shepard. By 8. W. Johnson. . 3 p. 395. Dr. Hough. New Localities of Minerals in St. Lawrence and Lewis counties, N. Y. American Association for the Advancement of Science. (Fourth Meeting.) | ; Page 311. On Dysyntritite from St. Lawrence county, N. Y. By Prof. Shepard. Page 314. On Houghite, from Oxbow and Rossie. By Professor Shepard. Page 383. Analysis of Phlogopite Micas, from St. Lawrence county, N. Y. By William J. Craw. — Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 3, p. 879. Mr. Wells on the Phosphate of Lime, at Crown Point, N. Y. MINERALOGY. Silliman’s Journal. New Series. Vol. 13, p. 117. Lievrite, found in Monroe, Orange county, N. Y., at the O’Neil Iron Mine. Vol. 13, p. 264. Carbonate of Strontian, found in the rocks of the Clinton group in Oneida county, N. Y. By Prof. O. Root. . No. 122.] 57 Vol. 13, p. 370. On Octahedral Olbigist Iron. By T.S. Hunt. Vol. 13, p. 392. Two new Minerals from Monroe, Orange coun- ty. By Charles Upham Shepard, M. D. Dimagnetite and Jenkinsite. Vol. 13, p. 416. Allanite, from West Point. By Dr. C. Berge- mann, from Poggendorff’s Annalen, and communicated to Silliman’s Journal by W. G. Lettsom. BOTANY. Silliman’s Journal. New Series. Vol. 13, p. 397. Notice of some large trees in Western New- - York. By S. B. Buckley. [The subject of the present division of this report, has been ta- ken up in the Appendix of Silliman’s Journal, vol. 13, May 1852, under the title of “ American Zoological, Botanical and Geologieal Bibliography for the year 1851. Prepared at the request of Pro- fessor Spencer F. Baird, Assistant Secretary Smithsonian Insti- tution. By Charles Girard.” As this will necessarily be more extensive and complete, and be regularly continued, this article will hereafter be discontinued from this report. We have how- ever inserted the notices collected to May 1, 1852. |] Bere aE e om te Tag pat : odt i hotaqand Her “ae iy ae sit anaveniime GBS ‘taboo Sila . stoi Gat! Aheeunsns yon Lhe eit Pak” * fyrethey ealtento Mme sid bsraritads: teat pelt od Dita esiolqanon bein “Hee 6 Fi! hte Meijer ald sites, hostigitonatb ad-90 iy Rs ae Jf Os eg oe 1 oe F; mare 7 tit “ogi 0 a, Gl, a0 fone, mek cla ha brine Pi; bal bepheets BIEKOM, bea, . PM ha Wiobitos ggo'k ott, oe tial a alt, re iutok «fat Beate, +t Bt apy) E mo 4" h ye fe am YO) eae ae t oage Pai Sees SONA eT ie ics , Wi & = § ' am, a4 4 ’ tt : eH I Tie ‘- ipl ite be Beit: & = oi th ah Hager agra —— a, etate sir a ‘both se: ‘aed, YS" ates beh ee nyesiggs Parent a ape soos on ae is at eS asi" 2s le oie eins We it sueficl dian NYSE sist? Yo nolahylb sane coe Seer ABEL: fow damapol eigainilliZ. ie-gibaaqqa rg dion) bag ‘Jog ivafagl, -lnatpalaa Sansa, hae an i A SE rp ater f en ad ‘iekeonthon: Poon: OnE ht a at ra hy a 2 ¢ a is ? - 4 ‘ f ‘ ax Boas pd ; % 4 Re iat Be wt Togs ; OLS | se! ( i vw 7 Qk ae os -_ ‘i : i ' > ; 7 : : A 4 a "y 3] A : 4% A aby rey 4 5 ¢ deg as > ¢ i ~ iP ; BBE fe iui “ - 7. ‘3 +. ‘ . 3 e * 4 al } i : Ny i » ; ’ ™ dorst 2 ° ' ' 7 ’ '* . . . a ‘ -~_ . s ‘oo rut) ae Tey a 5 4 ¢ v ay ee oy ‘ . s) by 4. Garbett lat Ripa agile ‘ ‘ Y it: Wey a ay ie Ae 1 . * ; : j ‘ pte ee q Bes ope ¢ ye aaa : bets greet Sh Cpa ecuay, By Yat . a an ; *, ; st ) ‘ - & f _ vi Pe S 4 . 2 sma ee . Ty P < ree | na Prigt ¥, ‘ \ ‘ e A ( F.) Description of the means employed to remove the Rocks at Hurlgate, by Submarine Engineering. By Kk. Meriam, (accompanying a.specimen of the Rock presented to the State Cabinet.) New-York, January 7th, 1852. Dr. T. R. Brcr, Sec. of the Board of Regents of the — : University of the State of New-York: Dear Sir—In the month of October, 1849, M. Maillefert, a French Engineer, came to the City of New-York from Nassau, New Providence, for the express purpose of making proposals to remove the rocks fromthe channel of Hurl Gate by a new mode of Submarine Engineering. He proposed to break and scatter the rocks by exploding powder on the surfaces under water using the water as a fulcrum and igniting the charge by means of a galvanic battery. | His proposition was communicated to Congress and the Com- mittee on Commerce of the House of Representatives recommend- ed an appropriation of thirty thousand dollars for this object and the amount was included in the’ appropriations of the River and Harbor Bill, which passed the House but was lost in the Senate at the close of the session for want of time to act upon it. An application was subsequently made to the Legislature of this State for an appropriation to cover the expenses of removing three of the most dangerous rocks from this great thoroughfare, but the application was unsuccessful. In the summer of 1851 proceedings were commenced for rais- ing the required amount by subscriptions to a loan to be repaid by the Government of the U.{S. when Oongress shall have made a special appropriation therefor. 60 - [ AssempBLy The raising money by subseriptions to a loan has thus far been successful, and M. Maillefert has thus been-afforded the opportu- nity of demonstrating the value of his discovery. In the month of August last he commenced operations in the channel of Hurl Gate for breaking down and seattering Pot Rock. This rock was one of the most formidable obstructions in that great thoroughfare, which for two centuries had been a terror to navigators, and for near a century has been a reproach to the country, for the reason that no measures were taken to remove it. At the depth of twenty-four feet below mean low water its length was two hundred and twenty-five feet, and width sixty feet. It had a depth of water on one side of sixty-two feet, and on the other of sixty feet. Its height was fifty-two feet—its apex reaching to within eight feet of the surface of the water. Its po- sition was about midway in the channel where the current was very rapid, and a large and dangerous whirlpool was formed by it. On the 20th of August two charges of 78 Ibs. each were fired on this rock, which destroyed four feet in length of its top, and when twelve charges had been fired the whirlpool disappeared. From the 20th of August to the 7th of November one hundred and forty-three submarine charges were fired upon Pot Rock. Twenty-seven of these were of 78 lbs. each, the residue of one’ hundred and twenty-five pounds each. The aggregate weight of the one hundred and forty-three charges was sixteen thousand six hundred and six pounds. On the 7th of November, Lt. W. A. Bartlett, U. S. N. and Asst. in the Coast Survey, who had been detailed by Professor A. D. Bache, Supt. of the U. 8. Coast Survey, to make surveys in Hurl Gate, made a survey of Pot Rock. The following communication from him states the result of his examination: ‘““Hett Gate, 3) P. M., Friday, ov. 7th, 1851. “Mr. Meriam: Dear Sir—I have made a very complete exa- mination of Pot Rock at low tide to day. I Have to say’ now in =~ eee RSS na ee Pers mas No. 122.] 61 anticipation of the plotted sheet that there is not less than eighteen and a quarter feet of water on any part of Pot Rock at low tide to-day. As soon as possible I will give you the plans of reference to mean low water. ‘¢ Yours truly, W. A. BARTLETT, U. S. N. and Assistant in the Coast Survey.” From the 7th of November to the 12th of December, ninety- one charges of one hundred and twenty-five pounds each, were fired upon Pot Rock. The aggregate weight of these ninety-one charges is eleven thousand three hundred and seventy-five pounds. | The number of charges fired from August 20th to Dec. 12th, is two hundred and thirty-four, and the aggregate weight of powder in the 234 charges is twenty-seven thousand nine hun- dred and eighty-one pounds. The present surface of Pot Rock is very large, being equal to that of four full sized building lots, twenty-five feet by one hundred. When M. Maillefert commenced operations on Pot Rock, he eould only fire at high tide and during slack water. No charge could be fired on the rock while the tide was running. The tide turned very quick on the rock, the longest period for working being less than sixteen minutes, during which only two charges . _ could be fired. In the early part of November he had broken ' down so much of the rock as to change the current to such an extent that he was enabled on the 2Qth of that month to fire thirteen charges in one day, at both high and dow water, using sixteen hundred and twenty-five pounds of powder, or sixty-five kegs in a single days work. When operations were commenced in August, there was but fourteen feet of water on the rock at high tide, now there is more than twenty-jwe feet. The greater the depth of water on the rock, the more effective is the foree of the explosions. 62 [AssumaLy One of Francis’ Metallic Life-Boats was placed over a charge during the explosion, and received no injury. It was sometimes the case: that vessels passing through the Gate, came close along side of Pot Rock at the time of the explosion of a charge, but in no case did any vessel receive injury from the force of the explosion. Mons. Maillefert placed his boat containing the battery within sixty feet of the rock, when he fired the charge. This enterprise presented two very important considerations. The first was the removal of the dangerous rocks from this great thoroughfare—the second, to afford M. Maillefert the opportunity of demonstrating conclusively the effect of his new system of blasting rocks under water without drilling, by using the water asa fulcrum. The result has been most satisfactory, and com- merce, as well as science, will reap great and lasting benefits from the discovery, and men of science will be admonished to regard facts as far safer than theory to ‘build upon. | I have forwarded to you, by Mr. D. K. Seaman, a large piece of gneiss, taken from Pot Rock, twenty-five feet below the sur- face, at high water. This fragment was broken from the body of the rock by means of the explosion of a charge fired upon it twenty-five feet below the surface. It may therefore be viewed as not only a rare, but a valuable specimen for the Geological Cabinet of the State of New-York. Other rocks in the channel of Hurl Gate have been operated upon by M. Maillefert. A rock known as “Bald Headed Billy,” has been entirely removed. This rock brought up a good many vessels. It was removed at an expense of five hundred dollars. Two rocks that lay near Pot Cove, opposite Mr. Edwin Hoit’s mansion, have been entirely destroyed by eight submarine charges of one hundred and twenty-five pounds each. Eleven charges have been fired upon “Frying Pan,” and seven upon “ Ways Reef.” Four charges have been fired upon “ Dia- mond Reef,” in the Harbor of New-York. The weather is now . too cold for submarine operations, and but little more can be = pape OT ‘No. 122. ] 63 done on the rock until the spring, but what has already been accomplished with an outlay of less than eight thousand dollars, is worth hundreds of thousands of dollars to the country and to — the world. Annexed is an illustration showing M. Maillefert’s plan of blasting rocks under water. Yours very respectfully, E. MERIAM. | ASsEMBLY | 64 “eB1uyo oy} ory 0} ‘£1094eq OrMBATES HIEMOT °9 *10}8TUBO ONY ‘OS1VYO OY} OFUST 0} SurAres “Iojonpuod 10 “eIL MA “py” To pexy sSuu yo suvour Lq ‘¥901 044 uo oSsey0 04} OpIns 0} Sutaros pot uory *q "OSIBYO 94} UMOP LOMO] 07 edoy “9 *poyse] A[Zu014s ‘ropmodun3 Surureyuoo JoysTUBy “vp Bey SSN” Pe Dee —_— — HMLVM UHONO SHOU ONISVTA XO NVId SALYAAATTIVW ‘W PNIMOHS NOLLVYLSOTI NV (G. ) Materials belonging to the State, which have been used in publishing the Natural History, and the Annual Reports of the Regents of the. University, received into the Geological Rooms, since the twelfth day of February, 1851. The wood cuts used in the Reports of the Regents of the Uni- versity for the years 1849 and 1850, illustrating the articles fur- nished to the Indian collection in the State Cabinet by Lewis H. Morgan, Esq. Two wood cuts of Parhelia, observed by Dr. Hough and figur- - ed in the Annual Report of the Regents for the year 1850. Twenty-one original colored drawings, from articles of Indian - manufacture in the Indian collection in the State Cabinet of Na- tural History, and from which the wood cuts were made to illus-. trate Mr. Morgan’s Report on the articles furnishéd by him to the collection. Five original drawings of ancient remains of art, from which the Lithographs accompanying Doct. Hons paper on Indian Antiquities were taken. Materials belonging to the State, which are intended to be used in completing the publication of the Natural Ihistory, received into the Geological Rooms since the twelfth day of February, 1851. DEPARTMENT OF PALAONTOLOGY. Received, July 24th, 1851, of John E. Gavit, three thousand im- pressions, each, from plates 21, 24, 32, 33, 41, 49, 50 and 51 (eight plates) for the second volume of the Paleontology. Received, October 1, 1851, of Richard H. Pease, steel plates, Nos. 34, 34°, 35, 35, 36, 362, 74, for the second volume of the Paleontology ; also, three thousand printed impressions each of plates Nos. 20, 34, 342, 35, 35, 36, 364, 37, 40f, 59 66, 74, 78 for the second volume of the Paleontology. [ Assembly, No. 122. 5 66 [ AssEMBLY Received, November 25, 1851, of Richard H. Pease, steel plates Nos. 38, 65, 67, 404; also, three thousand printed impres- sions of each plate. Received, December 13, 1851, of Richard H. Pease, eight steel engravings of fossils for volume two of the Paleontology. The plates are not numbered. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. INSECTS. Received of Richard H. Pease, the following steel plates of in- sects, viz: Nos.6, 7,8, 9,10 and 11; also, three thousand printed impressions of each plate. Received, May 22, 1851, of Richard H. Pease, the following steel plates of insects, viz: Nos. 12, 13, 14, 15,16 and 17; also, three thousand printed impressions of each plate. - Received, October 1, 1851, of Richard H. Pease, three thousand printed impressions of plate A. of insects; also, steel plates of insects, Nos. 18, 19, 20 and 21. ~ Received, December 26, 1851, of Richard H. Pease, three thou- sand printed impressions each of plates, Nos. 22, 23, B,C, of insects; also, the steel pee B, C, of insects. é FRUITS. Received October 1, 1851, of Richard H. Pease, three thousand printed impressions Sudhir the following platesof Fruits. (Col- ored,) viz: Nos. 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 32, 45, 46, 53, 56, 57, 70, 73, 69, 52 and 72. Received December 1, 1851, of Richard H. Pease, Steel Plate 76, (Currants. ) Received December 26, 1851, of Richard H. Pease, three eee sand printed impressions akon of the following Plates of Fruits, (Colored,) viz: Nos. 5,6, 94, 94, 114, 124, 134, 14¢, 26, 37, 44, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 58, 63, 74, 80, 81. Also Plate 44 of Fruits. APPENDIX. + eee REPORT ON THE FABRICS, INVENTIONS, IMPLEMENTS AND UTENSILS OFr.~THK 7 IROQUOIS, MADE TO THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY, JAN. 22, 1851, By LEWIS H. MORGAN. ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE COLLECTION ANNEXED TO THH State Cabinet of Natural History, With Illustrations By Ricuwarp H. Pease, ALBANY, ORDERED T0 BE PRINTED, BY THE ASSEMBLY, 1852. REPORT. The Regents of the University having renewed their appropri- ation for the further enlargement of the Indian collection, and again committed its expenditure to the undersigned, he asks leave to submit the following REPORT: It is an easy matter to bring together the fabrics and inven- tions of the modern Iroquois in suificient completeness to illus- — trate the present condition of Indian society within the limits of the State. Their range and diversity are neither so wide, or so complicated, as to preclude the possibility of a minute exhibition of the articles, of every name, which are either of original or secondary manufacture. Ifthe effort for their collection is con- tinued for a few successive years, it will not only result in ex- hausting the subject, so far as their present fabrics are coneern- ed, but, acting backwards upon the past, it will draw forth many ancient inventions which are now held in the memory of the aged, or in the grasp of tradition. When every thing which the Iroquois can furnish of their present manufacture, or recall through tradition from the past, is brought into one collection, it is but a commencement of the interesting work of gathering together whatever will illustrate the inventive intellect of the Indian family. Ina general, but correct view of this subject, it is unnecessary to discriminate, ex- cept for classification, between the fabrics and inventions of the — Iroquois, and those of the Indian family at large. They are uni- 70 | ASSEMBLY ted in one harmonious and connected system, sprang from a com- mon mind, and all together are necessary to exhibit the artizan capacity and social condition of the Indian from the era of abo- riginal occupation down to the present period, when Indian life, in some parts of the republic, is merged in comparative civiliza- tion. While the attention of the Regents, and of the people of the State, is very naturally directed, in the first instance, to the fabrics of the Iroquois, a people with whom we stand in man interesting relations, it should not, and cannot properly be limited to them alone. A collection, worthy of the State, must necessarily take a wider range, and aim at a general and univer- sal collection of the fabrics, inventions, implements and utensils of the whole Indian family: from the stone tomahawk of the Pe- quod, and the rude pottery of the Mobilian tribes, to the beauti- ful bark and moose hair basket-work of the Chippeway, and the delicate, bead-work embroidery of the modern Iroquois. A few years of well directed effort, with a small expenditure of money, would secure such a collection; one which would not only become as widely known as the Indian whose social his- tory it proclaims, but would form an enduring monument to the enlightened munificence of the State. . By a reference to the schedule which accompanies this report, it will be: perceived that the additions the present year are, at least, equal in variety and interest with those of the preceding. Some of them are of the same name and general character; but in such cases the article itself will be found to be either a more | perfect specimen, different in some essential particular, or from some other locality. A minute description of each article will not be attempted. It will be proper, however, to introduce the most prominent among them with a brief explanation of their ob- jects and uses. A portion of these articles were obtained of the Mohawks, Onondagas, Cayugas, Senecas and Tuscaroras, who, to the number of two thousand four hundred and fifty, now reside upon a large reserve secured to them by the British government, on Grand river, in the Niagara peninsula in Upper Canada. But the residue, and the chief portion, were obtained from the Sene- 4 No. 122.| 7) « cas in the western part of the State. They number in all two hundred and twenty, and the articles tllemselves are of one hun- dred and fifteen distinet species. - Gi-sweh-ti Ote-ko-a,' or BELT OF WAMPUM. No.3. Plate tl, figure 1. Ote-ko-a, or sTRING OF WAMPUM. No. 4. Plate 2, figure 2. vs The use of Wampum reaches back to a remote period upon this continent. It was an original Indian notion which prevail- ed among the Iroquois as early, at least, as the formation of the League. The primitive wampum of the Iroquois consisted of strings of a small fresh water spiral shell, called in the Seneca dialect Ote ko-a, the name of which has been bestowed upon the ‘modern wampum. When Da-gii-no-we-dii, the founder of the League, had perfected its organic provisions, he produced seve- ral strings of this ancient wampum of his own arranging, and taught them its use in recording the provisions of the compact by which the several nations were united into one people. Ata subsequent day the wampum in present use was introduced among ‘them by the Dutch, who in the manufactured shell bead offered an acceptable substitute for the less convenient one of the spiral shell. These beads, as shown in the plate, are purple and white, about a quarter of an inch in length, an eighth in di- ameter, and perforated lengthwise so as to be strung on sinew or bark thread. The white bead was manufactured from the great conch sea shell, and the purple from the muscle shell. They are woven into belts, or used in strings simply, in both of which conditions they are employed to record treaty stipulations, to convey messages, and to subserve many religious and social purpo- ses. The word wampum is not of Iroquois origin. Baylie, in his History of New Plymouth, informs us that it was first known in New-England as Wampumpeag, from which its Algonquin deri- vation is to be inferred; and Hutchinson says that the art of making it was obtained from the Dutch about the year 1627, 1. Norr.—The reader should note the characters by which the different sounds of the vowel a, the letter upon which the greatest variations are made, is indicated :-— a is sounded as in arm; iasinat; aasinale. Allof the Indian words used are in the Seneca dialect of the Iroquois language. 72 | Ass=MBiy In making a belt no particular pattern was followed: some- times they are of the width of three fingers and three feet long, in other instances as wide as the hand, and over turee feet in length; sometimes they are all of one color, in others variegated, and in still others woven with the figures of men to symbolize, by their attitudes, the objects or events they were designed to commemo- rate. The most common width was three fingers, or the width of seven beads, the length ranging from two to six feet. In belt making, which is a simple process, eight strands or cords of bark thread are first twisted, from filaments of slippery elm, of the re- quisite length and size; after which they are passed through a strip of deer skin to separate them at equal distances from each other in parallel lines. A’ piece of splint is then sprung in the form of a bow, to which each énd of the several strings is secur- ed, and by which all of them are, held in tension, like warp threads in a weaving machine. Seven beads, these making the intended width of the belt, are then run upon a thread by means of a needle, and are passed under the cords at right angles, so as to bring one bead ipngthwise between each cord, and the one next in position. The thread is then passed back again along the upper side of the cords and again through each of the beads; so that each bead is held firmly in its place by means of two threads, one passing under and one above the cords. This pro- cess is continued until the belt reaches its intended length, when the ends of the cords are tied, the end of the belt covered, and afterwards trimmed with ribbons. In ancient times both the cords and the thread were of sinew. » The belt possesses an additional interest from the fact, that the beads of which it is composed, formerly belonged to the celebra- ted Mohawk Chief, Joseph Brant Ta-yen-di-nd-ga. They were purchased, by the writer, of his youngest daughter Catharine in October last, at the reservation on.Grand river in Upper Canada before referred to; and were afterwards tx ken to Tonawanda in this State and made into the present bel:. In this form it will be most convenient to preserve them as a relic of the distin- guished war captain of the Mohawks. Wampum was also put up in strings, from two to three and some- times four feet in length, several of which were joined together into ; No. 122 Say 73 one. The string represented in the plate was obtained of an On- ondaga on Grand river. Both in strings and belts, wampum was put to a great variety of uses. Its office was to record treaties, and preserve such trans- actions as were worthy of particular remembrance. Whatever was to be entrusted to its keeping was “ talked into” the belt or string which ever afterwards could tell, by means of an interpre- ter, the exact transaction of which it was made at the time the sole evidence. Operating upon the principle of association, the belt or string gave fidelity to the memory. As the laws and usages of the League were entrusted to the guardianship of such belts and strings, one of the Onondaga sachems, Ho-no-we-nda-io, was made hereditary keeper of the Wampum, and he, and his succes- sors, were required to be versed inits interpretation. These belts and strings were the only visible records of the Iroquois, and were of no use except by the aid of thuse special personages who could draw forth the secret records locked up in their remem- brance. | White wampum was the Iroquois emblem of purity and of faith, It was hung around the neck of the White Dog before it was burn- ed; it was used before the periodical religious festivals for the confession of sins, no confession being regarded as sincere unless recorded with white wampum; further than this, it was the customary offering in condonation of murder, although the purple was sometimes employed. Six strings was the value of a life, or the quantity sent in condonation, for the wampum was rather sent as the evidence of a regretful confession of the crime, with a petition for forgiveness, than as the actual price of blood. Wampum has frequently been called the money of the Indian ; but there is no sufficient reason for supposing that they ever made it an exclusive currency, or a currency in any sense, more than silver or other ornaments. All personal.ornaments, and most other articles of personal property passed from hand to hand at a fixed value; but they appear to have had no common stand- ard of value until they found itin our currency. If wampum had been their currency it would have had a settled value to which all other articles would have been referred. There is no doubt 74 | [ ASSEMBLY that it came nearer to a currency than any other species of prop- erty among them, because its uses were so general, and its transit from hand to hand so easy, that every one could be said to need it. The ancient value of wampum was half a cent per bead, ac- cording to the statement of Catharine, the daughter of Brant. It is now very scarce and difficult to procure, as the manufacture of it ceased many years ago, and the quantity has been gradually diminishing with the lapse of time. It bids fair to rise again to its primitive value, at the period when it was exchanged for furs. Ga-das-ha or sHEAF. No. 1. 2 feet. The sheaf is an Indian invention of great antiquity, and univer- sal among Indian races. It was sometimes made of the skin of a small animal, like the wolf, which was taken off entire, dressed with the hair on, and hung upon the back, the arrows being placed within it. But the choicer articles were made of dressed unhaired deer skin, and embroidered with porcupine quills as represented in the figure. It was made of two strips of deer skin about two feet in length and of unequal width ; one of these was narrow for the back side; the other about three times its width so as to make a convex front, thus forming a species of sac in which the arrows were deposited. ‘The ordinary sheaf, as used by the Iroquois in ancient times, would hold from fifteen to twen- ty-five arrows; but those used by the western Indians were gen- erally large enough for forty or fifty. It was worn on the back inclining from the left shoulder down towards the belt on the right side of the body, crossing the back diagonally. There are deer string fastenings at each end, the lower ones Being attached to the waist belt, and the upper ones passing around the neck and under the left arm. To draw forth an arrow and place it in the bow, it was necessary to raise the right hand to the left shoulder when it came at once in contact with the feathered end, which projected from the sheaf; so that it was but the work of a sec- No. 112.], 75 ond to set an arrow inits place. Originally the Indian bow was about three feet in length, and the arrow two; and it is said to have been an easy matter for an Iroquois hunter, with a bow of this description, to send an arrow, pointed with flint or horn, en- tirely through a deer. But in later days, when this weapon came to be used merely for amusement, and the muscular strength ac-. quired, by its use, had abated, the bow was lengthened to four feet and the arrow to three. Gii-ne-ko-wi-ah, BURDEN FRAME, OF LITTER. No. 113. Oe a fre ae SEP SE BPE coum IIe Y IY Aeon = A ¢ ( = ng ee AZ cars, og Ns Aeon This is an ancient contrivance to assist in carrying burdens. Game, cooking utensils, wood, bark, in fact everything” which could be transported by hand could ‘be borne upon this frame. They were a necessary appendage to every house, to the traveller, and to the hunter. Sometimes they were elaborately carved and finished, but more frequently were of a plain piece of hickory, like the one represented in the figure, and made with the quick- est dispatch. The frame consists of two bows of Hickory, brought together at right angles, and fastened to each other by means ofan eye and head. The upright part of the frame is the same as the horizontal in all particulars, except its greater length. Strips. 76 ‘i! | Ass—EMBLY from the inner rind of bass wood bark were then passed between the bows both length and crosswise, and fastened to the rim pieces. A burden strap was then attached to the frame at the point where the strip of bark passed across the upright bow from side to side; and from thence it passed diagonally across to the horizontal part of the frame, to the point where the lower strip of bark crossed that part of the frame. There were several feet of rope at each end, reserved to lash around whatever burden was placed upon the frame; but when the frame was empty, as it is shown above, these ropes were passed up to the top of the frame and there secured. After being loaded the frame was placed upon the back, and the burden strap passed over the head and placed across the chest. Jf the burden was very heavy it was customary to use two straps, one across the chest, and the other against the forehead. At the present day the burden frame is still in use. ° ; Ga-ose-ha, or RABY FRAME. No. 19. } In the collection will be found two specimens, one of which was procured of a Tuscarora woman on Grand river, and the other of a Seneca at Tonawanda. This figure is introduced to show-the frame divested of the belts and drapery by which, when in actual use, it is entirely concealed. It consists of but three principal pieces of wood, the bow, bottom board and foot board, upon the first and last of which the most labor was bestowed. They are No. 112.] 77 always carved, and frequently inlaid with silver, or with wood of different eolors and in various figures. The bow, which arches over, is held to the bottom board by mears of a cross piece, pass- ing under it, into which the ends of the bow are inserted. It is further secured in its perpendicular position by means of side pieces in which the bow is embedded. The foot board at the small end of the frame is also carved, and often inlaid, it being the only part of it, which is exposed when the infant is lashed upon the frame. Deer sirings are run along the outer edges of the bettom board under which the belts are passed from side to side passing over the body of the child. As a whole the Ga-ose- ha, with its embroidered belts, and other decorations, is one of the most conspicuous articles pertaining to their social life. Ga-swa-hose-ha, or BABY FRAME BELT: Ga-nose-ga, OF BABY FRAME BELT. Plate 2. Ga-nose-ga, OF BABY FRAME BELT. The covering of the frame consists of a spread to draw over the bow, and these belts. The largest belt (Ga swa-hose-ha, Fig. 1,) is of red broad cloth, beautifully embroidered with bead work. This is attached to the frame next to the bow, and passed over the frame from side to side, under the deer strings and above the child, finally bringing that part of it, which is most embroidered in the centre of the frame.- In like manner the second belt, (Ga- nose-ga, Fig. 2,) which is made of broad-cloth, is adjusted at the foot of the frame. Between the two the short belts (fig. 3,) is inserted. Over the bow is drawn the spread ( Yen-dus-ho-da-qué) usually of red merino, embroidered with beads, and often decora- ted with silver ornaments. Rattles were attached to the bow for the amusement of the child; but as its arms were confined be- neath the belts, this gratification was only afforded when the frame was rocked by the Indian mother, or waved by the breeze while depending from the branch of a tree. | 4 / Gat-go-ne-as-heh, or HOMMONY BLADE. rhe No. 36. =I) aan eed) FaaLESN1 ea ampmmannnans) ID 4 feet. Many of the domestic utensils of the Iroquois were of wood. Figures of animals, of birds, and sometimes of reptiles were carv- ed upon them in the most ingenious manner. The hommony blade or soup stick is one of this description ; an article used in — every Indian household for making hommony, succotash, or soup, and for many other purposes. It is usually from three to four feet in length, and made of hard maple, or other tough wood, in the general form of the one represented in the figure. This hom- mony blade is made out of one piece of wood, although the end piece is attached to the blade by alink. In the end piece are two wooden balls, also cut out of the solid wood within the frame in which they are confined. For a wooden utensil it is beauti- fully made. ; ” No. 36, This specimen is made in a different fashion, although much the same as the former. Inthe handle are two balls cut out, like the above, of the solid wood within the frame in which they are 78 [ AssEMBLY EO No. 122.] 79 seen, while the end of the utensil terminates in two human fig- ures facing each other. Sometimes several links are cut out at the end of the handle, of which kind two specimens will be found in the collection. Those figured above are of Seneca manufac- ture. | Ya-a-go-gen-ti-qua, OF BREAD TURNER. No. 38. 3} feet. The corn bread of the Indian is unleavened, and cooked by boiling in water. After hulling the corn and poundiug it into flour, it is made into loaves about six inches in diameter and two in thickness. These loaves or cakes are then boiled until they are hard, which is the general mode of cooking; but they are ‘sometimes baked. The bread turner is used, as its name indi- cates, to handle these loaves while under the process of cooking. The specimen given above was obtained from a Tuscarora woman on Grand river. ‘ [ AssEMBLY Ah-do-gwi-seh, or LADLE. i No. 40. Manda pai ~ | a Ne ; aul LZ —— _ In ancient times the ladle not only answered as a substitute for the spoon among the Iroquois, but supplied the place of every other contrivance for taking food from the dish. They are made of hard wood, of different sizes and patterns, and very perfectly finished. The end of the handle is often surmounted with the figure of an animal or bird, so carved as to form a species of hook . upon the back of the ladle with which to hang it upon the side 7 ‘No. 122.] 81 of the dish. These figures were offen carved with surpassing skill, the proportions, and attitude of the animal being accurately preserved and studied. , Of the two figured above, the one sur- mounted with a squirrel was made at Tonawanda by a Seneca ; and the other, with a hawk, upon Grand river, by a Cayuga. They are both finished specimens of the Indian ladle. LADLE, WITH WRESTLERS. No. 39. Saas on ~~ ——— OO = —— Sat =| Ys y % if, Wika Mi. y 4 Yy | Assembly, No. 122.] 6 82 ; [ Assmmaty LADLE WITH SITTING FIGURES. No. 41. fe / Fi In other instances the human form was introduced in various attitudes. The figure of the wrestlers is quite spirited, and a good specimen of wood carving. Uponthe others it will be seen there are five figures; four of them in a stooping posture, and the fifth bending over backwards, with his hands and feet each upon the head of one of the sitting figures. Other specimens are surmount- ed with a turtle, or a swan, or a wolf, at the fancy of the maker. These ladles are found in large numbers in every Indian family, at least one for every member of the household, in which to the present day they are the substitute for the spoon, and in mast fami- lies, for the knife and fork. In minuteness, delicacy, and beauty of carving the Jadle surpasses all the other wooden utensils of the Troquois. In the collection will be found four specimens carved with human figures, seven with those of animals, and two plain ; part of them were obtained among the Senecas, and the residueof the Iroquois in Canada. - No. 122.] 83 BARK LADLE. No. 42. mS go, mS — The original ladle was of bark and a very simple contrivance, as will appear from the above representation. It was made of . red elm bark, and would hold but little more than the common spoon. In ancient times ladles of this description: only were used; but they were laid aside when the possession of metalic implements enabled them to substitute the present one of wood. The ladle is, without doubt, an original Indian utensil, and in all probability the origin of the common wooden ladle still in gene- ral use among our own people. QO-si, OF BASSWOOD BARK. . No. 88. In the former report the subject of rope making from filaments of bark was adverted to, but not particularly explained. As fab- rics of bark occupy a conspicuous place in their domestic econo- my, as well as form an interesting department of Indian manu- facture, some further notice of the art will be made. The Iro- yee [Assempny quois used but two kinds of bark, the slippery elm and the bass- _ wood, the former for thread, twine, and burden straps; and the latter, which is a coarser bark, for ropes and heavy belts. At the proper season the inner-rind of the bark was peeled off in narrow strips six or eight feet in length and tied up in bunches, as represented in the figure above, this being the first stage in the process of mauufacture. O-si, OF SKEIN OF BASSWOOD FIEAMENTS. Before it would run off into filaments or small threads, it was boiled in ashes and water, washed thoroughly, and dried in the sun. It could then be separated into natural threads or filaments of any size, which, unless too fine, would run the length of the strips of bark. It was then put up in skeins, as shown in the figure, ready for use. , Ga-a-sken-di, or BARK ROPE. No. 81. is Basswood filaments were usually run off coarse, and, in that condition, braided into ropes, as represented above. Three strands only were used, and in the process of braiding, which was done by hand, these strands were not twisted, as their strength would not thereby be increased. A specimen of this bark rope fifty feet in length is furnished, and two others about thirty feet each. In some instances burden straps of a coarser kind were made of basswood, which was braided into an open No. 122 85 work belt, with interstices between the strands. Upon the bur- den frame mentioned above is a strap of this description. The inner rind of the slippery elm bark is peeled off, in the first instance, in narrow strips about four feet in length, and tied up in bundles. It is sometimes preserved for months in this form before it is made into threads. After being boiled in ashes and water, and washed and dried in the same. manner as bass- wood bark, it is run off into filaments, Which can be made as fine as small] thread, if desired. Ose-ga, or SKEIN OF SLIPPERY ELM FILAMENTS. No. 83. 5 SSS These threads are then tied up in skeins, as represented above, and laid aside for use. For burden straps of the best quality, this thread alone is used, it being stronger, more pliable, and of a finer texture than the basswood. The skeins themselves have a reddish tinge usually, but the first quality has a grayish color. They are sometimes dyed black or some fancy color, to give va- riety to the belts into which they are woven. A specimen of the gray and of the colored bark thread is also furnished. In the manufacture of the several species of burden strap, more skill, ingenuity and patient industry are exhibited, per- haps, than in any other single article fabricated by the Iroquois, The strap consists of a belt in the centre about two feet in length by two and,a half inches in width, with ropes at each end about seven feet each; thus making its entire length from fifteen to twenty feet. It is used attached to the litter or burden frame, . to the baby frame, and to the basket, when these burdens are to be borne on the back; in which cases the belt is passed around the forehead. Fifteen or twenty small cords are first made, about three feet in length, by twisting the filaments of bark by hand. These cords, which make the warp, or substance of the belt, are - ’ ' 86 7 [ ASSEMBLY then placed parallel with each other, and side by side; after which finer threads of the same material,) usually colored, are — prepared for the filling, to be passed across the cords over and under each alternately from side to side and back again. The . fine thread, or filling, is twisted in the first instance, and also again as it is braided or woven in with the warp while being passed across from side to side. As the work is all done by hand, it is a slow and laborious process, but the specimen will show how successfully it is aécomplished. After the filling has thus been braided in with the warp, each of the main cords, although covered on both sides, literally wound with the finer threads in crossing and returning, is still distinetly visible, giving to the belt the appearance of being ribbed. The whole process is ex- actly the same as the modern process of weaving, the main differ- ence consisting in this, that in the Jatter the warp and filling are ' nearly equal in the size of the threads, while in the Indian art the warp is several times larger than the filling. *% Towards the ends the belt. is narrowed gradually by joining two of the cords in one, until its width is diminished about one- third. The cords are then lengthened out by adding new fila- ments, and braided into an open-work band or bark rope about an inch wide, and flat; the band consisting of as many strands as there were cords at the end of the belt. The surface of these belts is generally smooth and even, and the belt itself so closely braided as to leave no interstices through which the eye could penetrate. When threads of different colors were used, the belt — was variegated simply, or small figures were woven in it for or- | nament. Another species of burden strap, of more expeditious manu- facture, was made by placing the warp cords side by side, and stitching them through and through with bark thread, in which case the cords themselves were made larger than in the ordinary burden strap. For stitching, a hickory or bone needle, without an eye, was used in ancient times. As the cords consisted of two strong threads twisted into one, the stitching thread was passed through each cord, between its two parts, from one side to the > No.122.] 87 other and back again. Ropes were then attached to the ends of the belt and the work was completed. Q-i-ta-ose-ki, Or MOOSE HAIR BURDEN STRAP, Gus-ha-ah, or DEER HAIR do No. 74 Plate 3. Near the rump of the Moose ( Yen-da-ne,) and near the neck be- tween the shoulders, there are small tufts of white hair, about | four inchesin length, each yielding a small handful. These hairs were carefully preserved, dyed red, blue and yellow, and used in the manufacture of the finest varieties of burden straps. Similar tufts of hair, but inferior in quality,;are found upon the Elk, (Jo- ra-da,) and in the tail of the deer (Va-o-geh.) The Moose hair burden strap is made in all respects as above described, except that the thread, which serves as the filling, is wound with this hair upon one side of the belt, in such a way, as either to cover the whole face of the belt, or to sprinkle it through with small figures at the pleasure of the maker. The one represented in the plate (fig. 1.) is a very perfect and beautiful piece of work, near- ly the whole upper surface of the belt being covered with Moose hair, white, yellow, red and blue, which is woven into the belt in a regular figure. It was madeby an Onondaga woman on Grand river in Upper Canada, where it was purchased in October last. Although it has been used many years, and the colors have lost some portion of their original brillianey, it is yet wholly unim- paired, and a remarkable specimen of finger weaving, as well as of artizan skill. It is not only woven compactly, but with such evenness of thread as to present a smooth surface and uniform texture. It is difficult to believe, upon an examination of the un- der side. of the belt, that it is manufactured with bark threads ; and perhaps still more incredible, that in the mechanism of this belt, ean be found the primary elements of the art of weaving. In figure 2 of the plate is a representation of a burden strap in which deer’s hair is used. It is made in the same general fash- ion as the preceding, and is the work of a Seneca woman at To- nawanda. 1. Among the Chippeways a great variety of fancy work in the nature of baskets, — &c., is made of birch bark, upon which various figures are worked with moose hair of the kind above descrited. " 88 1 [ AssemeLy Da-gi-ya-sont, or sILVER CROSS. : No. 6. Plate 4. ; The passion of the Iroquois for silver ornaments in ancient times was very extravagant ; and down to the present day it has suffered but little abatement. This inclination was seized upon by the trader, who purchased the richest furs with articles of this description of small comparative value. Among the number is found the silver cross, which doubtless owed its introduction among them, in the first instance, to the pious ministrations of the Jesuits ; but at the present day it is regarded merely as a person- al ornament, and is without significance to them as a religious em- blem. When worn they were attached to a necklace, or perhaps fastened to the hat, or hung upon the hair. The one figured in the plate is of unusual dimensions, the longest part being about ten inches, and the transverse about six, and made of solid silver. It was purchased of a Cayuga on Grand river. They are fre- ‘quently found with two transverse pieces of silver, as shown in the two small crosses, figures 2 and 3. Sometimes they are en- graved with figures of animals or birds,asa swan. The name ‘6 Montreal” is stamped upon two out of the three other crosses in the collection, thus indicating the place of manufacture. An-ne-as-ga, OF SILVER BROACH. No. 9. Plate 5. Ah-was-ha, or EAR RING. No, 15. Plate 5. Au-ne-ad-hus-ha, or FINGER RING. No. 14. Plate 5. Broaches of silver are worn by every female. They are of all sizes and patterns, from six inches in diameter, and worth as ma- ny dollars, to half an inch and worth a half dime; answering upon the female dress the double purpose of ornament and use. At a fixed value they pass from hand to hand, thus forming a species of currency among them. Every Indian female, however humble, has some silver broaches, while occasionally those can be found who count them by hundreds. The larger ones are usually worn upon the 4h-de-a-dé-we-si, or over dress, in front, as a button or pin, the largest being placed at the bottom. Some- No. 122.] 89 times the smaller ones are strung together and worn as a hat band, or as a necklace. Finger and ear rings of the same material, specimens of which may be seen in the plate, were also very common. The most of these silver ornaments in later years have been made by Indian silversmiths, one of whom may be found in nearly ev- ery Indian village. They are either made of brass, of silver, or from silver coins pounded out, and then cut into patterns with metalic instruments. The ear rings figured in the plate were made out of bar silver, by an Onondaga silversmith on Grand river, under the direction of the writer. Ont-wis-ti-ne-un-di-qua, or sILVER BEADs. No. %7. Plate 6. The long silver beads, represented in the plate, were very com- mon in former times, but are now rarely to be met with. They are simply tubes of silver, varying from one to two inches in length, and strung upon deer string, with round silver beads be- tween them part of the way from the lower end of the string. In this string there are seven strands, all of which are banded to- gether by the deer strings which issue from the small ends of the several strings; but at the larger ends, they are disunited. At was purchased of the wife of a distinguished Cayuga sachem, John Jacobs, (Jote-ho-weh-ko) on Grand river. Beads of this de- scription are worn around the neck, or in the hair, or perhaps as. a hat band, to which use they were devoted at the time of their purchase. They bear evidence of long usage. QO-wis-ti-no-0, Or ROUND SILVER BEADS. No 18. Plate 7. Fig. 2 Ga-te-as-ha, or GLASS BEADS. No. 47. .Plate 7. Fig. 1. The round silver beads figured in the plate, which were ob- tained of a Seneca female at Tonawanda, were evidently mace in imitation of the old fashioned gold beads, as there is a close re- semblance in size and workmanship. At an early day these beads were in great favor with the Indian female, but now they 90 | AssrMBLY are seldom to be met with. very fifth bead. upon the string is of an opaque blue glass, introduced for contrast. The common glass beads (fig. 1) have always been and still continue to be in high favor. From the period of their discove- ry to the present time, glass trinkets of this description have con- tinued to dazzle the eye of the Indian maiden, and to be seized upon with the greatest avidity. The brilliancy of their colors,. the neatness of their finish, and their conspicuous appearance as personal ornaments, have ever given to necklaces of this descrip- tion a peculiar charm; a charm sufficiently potent to draw forth the richest furs from the depths of the wilderness, to be freely exchanged, although a thousand fold more valuable, for these glittering baubles. The specimen figured in the plate was pro- eured of a Mohawk girl in Canada. Gii-te-iis-ha Gi-a-o-ti-ges, or GRASS SHOULDER ORNAMENT. No. 78. Plate 8. This article of dress is in the nature ofa necklace. It is made of a fragrant marsh grass called by the Senecas Gi-a-o-ta-ges, which is first braided into small three strand cords, after which several of them are united in one chain. At intervals of three or four inches small discs, made of the same material, but some- times covered upon the upper face with bead work, are attached, together with some other ornaments. On the specimen repre- sented may be seen a small and delicately made basket of the size of a thimble, made of the same grass. This is more particu- larly a female ornament, although in ancient timesit appears to have been worn by both sexes. The grass of which it is made constantly emits an agreeable odor, the fragrance of which made a species of substitute for artificial perfumery. It was obtained of an Oneida female on Grand river | No. 122] / 91 Gi-ga-ne-as-heh, or KNIFE AND BELT. No, 54. ER a> hn Among the Senecas in this State, and the Iroquois in Canada, the knife and belt are very frequently to be seen as a part of their daily apparel. To the leather belt a plain sheath is attached, in which the knife is worn, the handle appearing partly above it. Formerly the tomahawk was worn in the belt, and behind the back, from which cireumstanee doubtless originated the habit of wearing the knife in the-same manner; for it is as frequently seen behind the back as upon the side. The blade, which is usu- ally from six to ten inches in length, is that of a common knife; and it is used as a substitute for the pocket knife, as well as for a great variety of purposes. The one figured above was procured of a Seneca on Grand river. Yun-des-ho-yon-di-gwat-ha, or pop coRN SEIVE. No. 98. ——— 3 = os pk ee Corn was charred by roasting it before along fire in the field while in its green state. Before reducing it to charred corn flour * 92 | ASSEMBLY . it was parched over in the ashes to reduce its weight still more by drying. The splint seive represented in the figure was used to sift out the fine ashes which might adhere to the kernel. After the corn was thus purified it was pounded into flour and mixed with a portion of maple sugar; in which condition it not only made a very palatable and nutritious food, but was so light that sufficient could be carried in the bear or deer skin pocket of the hunter or warrior for many days subsistence. Gis-tit-he-o Ga-ya-ah, or FAWN SKIN BAG. No. 62. Bags or pockets of this description, made of the skins of ani- mals, were in constant use among the Iroquois in ancient times. They were hung to the girdle of the warrior and the hunter, and would contain within their narrow folds sufficient subsistence for a long expedition, thus answering very perfectly the purposes of the knapsack. At home they were used as repositories for the safe keeping of choice articles. Occasionally these pockets were made of the skin of the speckled fawn, a fine specimen of which is given on plate 7." | No. 122.] 93 BIRD TRAP. No. 991-2. is = —— a Se Tes aS ee es ere CER ae pe a ee et ee oe Trapping game of all kinds, from the bear and deer to the quail and snipe, was a common practice. -For deer, a young tree was bent over and held in this position by the mechanism of the trap. When sprung a noose was fastened around the hind leg of the deer, and he was drawn up in the air by the unsprung tree. Bear traps were constructed in such a way as tu let down a heavy timber upon the back of the animal, when sprung, and thus pin him to the earth. Nets of bark twine were also spread for pigeons and quails. : An attempt was made to procure models of these traps, but the project failed for the present year. A sim- ple bird trap, however, for small birds, will be found in the col- lection. It consists of a.rounding strip of elm bark about eight inches long by four wide, with an eye cut in one end and a piece of bark twine with a noose at the end of it, attached to the other. After the bark is secured upon the ground, a few kernels of corn are dropped through the eye upon the ground, and the noose ad- _justed around it. When a bird attempts to pick up the corn the ruffled plumage of the neck takes up the string, and brings the noose around the neck, which is tightened the moment the bird attempts to fly,and either strangles or holds it in captivity. The trap is said to be very successful. Ga-wa. OF MOCCASIN AWL. No, 59. ‘In ancient times the moccasin awl was asmall bone about five inches in length taken near the ankle joint of the deer. But in . * ‘ 94 . [ ASSEMBLY later days they have substituted a metalic point, inserting it how- ever in a bone handle. These handles are often carved with such care and labor as to make them tasteful implements. In sewing deer skin either with sinew, or deer strings, or bark thread, . the Iroquois women are very expert. ; Ah-ta-qui-o-weh, or moccasin. No. 33. fh PN aH iy fhe aN ‘, Wy WU et, Uff it Y yy WY iy Y Wi LMIYSM MEY, Yi f ft NC y —= See Y (zs ( y, Yip Yy / y Zs (3S f ZZ RH f ij Loft, ‘ - = se = (tf 4 re H ZB Sr ON Tt Ne Sy =: Se ee eee . wry VAARKAY YO 3 4 | i SS SY Q Se “= « RABE Beene: w RVAny >, A 8 AAA ANY \\ \ = . ay OY h ~—>- \ A CBAKY \\ a SS . 2S SS See x SS SSS WW “Jp Tn the common moccasin the side pieces instead of folding down rise above the ankle, and are secured with strings. Many of the Iroquois both male and female, and especially the elders, still cling to the moccasin as the most acceptable protection for the foot ; and wear it plain, as represented in the figure, as a part of their daily apparel. The bottom and sides are without seams, the only ones being on the instep in front, and up the heel behind. In the figure the moccasin is thrown out of shape by being flatten- ed on the side. When in actual use the thickness of the mocca- sin would be the thickness of the foot. Two specimens of the plain moccasin are furnished, one from Canada and the other from Tonawanda. | No. 122: ] ; 95 ~ Gus-to-weh, or HEAD DRESS. No. 58. Yy Up iM Y My Mp | Laretes Wey) Peake cS. SiG This figure is introduce to show the skeleton or frame of the Troquois head dress, which, when completed, is the most striking feature of their costume. It is made of splint in the manner rep- resented, except that in some instances another band arches over from side to side. The large feather revolves in the tube in which it is inserted. It was obtained of a Seneca on Grand river. Gi-ka-ah, or KILT. No. 27. Plate 9. The ancient male costume of the Iroquois consisted, in its prin- cipal parts, of the moccasin made plain ; deer skin leggins made plain, setting tight to the legs, and rising considerably above the knees ; the Ga-ka, or breech cloth also of deer skin, worn about the loins; and a bear or deer skin blanket. This is especially the present daily costume of the wild tribes, which roam over the plains in and beyond the Indian territory, and west of the Mississippi States ; and was, doubtless, the primitive costume of the whole Indian family. The first innovation among the Iro- quois was the introduction of cotton shirts, after their intercourse commenced with the Dutch and English. With the use of the 96 [ AssEMBLY shirt the Ga-ka was laid aside; and soon afterwards blankets of skin gave place to those of woolen, which were supplied by the traders. Ata later period the pantaloon was substituted for the leggin, and the woolen blanket was made into a frock coat. The ancient Iroquois male costumeis now retained only as an apparel for the dance. The kilt is of modern introduction among them, and never was used except inthe dance. At an early day, when the Ga-ké was in universal use, the kilt was not even worn for this purpose. It is difficult to determine from whom it came, but it has become the favorite part of their dancing costume. The kilt shown in the plate, is a superb specimen made of white buckskin embroidered with bead work. It is secured around the waist by a belt, and falls down to the knees. The plate itself will super- sede the necessity of any description ; making it only necessary to add, that this article is of Seneca manufacture. Got-ko-on-da Gise-ha, or DEER SKIN LEGGIN. No. 23. Plate 10. This leggin is a pure Indian article made after the antique fash- ion. It is made of brown colored deer skin tanned in the Indian manner, designed to set tight to the skin, and to rise above the knee. Upon the projecting edge, which is worn in front, a por- cupine quill border is worked in the ancient style. This leggin is a reproduction of that worn before the kilt came into use, when the leggin rose higher than at present. Ah-ta-qua-o-weh, or Moccastn. No. 31. Plate 11. O-ha-dia, or PORCUPINE QUILL. No, 109. Plate 14. No. 1. Both the male and female moccasin were introduced in the last ‘report; but they were chiefly embroidered with bead work. The moccasin represented in the plate is such a beautiful specimen of porcupine guill work, that it will justify an equal illustration. The porcupine (Ga-ha-da) is covered with a species of quill per- fectly round, without down or feather, and terminating in a sharp point. The small quills are from one to four inches in length, and are white with the exception of the tip ends or about one fifth of the quills, which are of a dark brown color, and give to the ani- No. 122.] 97 mal its dark appearance. After being picked and seasoned they are colored red, blue and yellow by artificial dyes, (see fig. 24, plate 12,) and then used in connection with the white ones. For heavy border work the quills are moistened and flatten- ed down, and in that form are used, as will be seen in the plate; but for vine or figure work, a thread is stitched through the deer skin and around the quill, and drawn down so as to compress it. This process is repeated at intervals, ‘the quill being bent between the stitches. No patterns are used to work from, the eye and the taste being the principal guides. In combining colors much taste is displayed. Yunt-ka-to-da-ta, or DRER SKIN SHOULDER BELT. No, 30. Plate 12. Da-yunt-wa-hos-ta, oR DEER SKIN WAIST BELT. No. 29. Plate 13. Whether the practice of wearing a belt over the left shoulder was a primitive custom of the Iroquois, or an imitation of the corresponding article in our own military costume is uncertain ; but the latter seems to be probable. At an early day these belts were worn, made of deer skin worked with porcupine quills like the one represented: in the plate. Having been passed over the left shoulder and across the chest diagonally to the waist belt on the right sideit was there secured. The waist belt was a narrow strip of deer skin embroidered in the same manner. It was put on like the bead and worsted belt, with the centre in front, the belt being passed around the body from before back, and the ends brought around in front again to be tied, in order that the orna-__ mented part might occupy a conspicuous place: | Assembly, No} 122. ] 7 No. 73. The tendency of the Iroquois to superstitious beliefs is espe- cially exemplified in their notion of the existence of a race of su- pernatural beings whom they call Falsefaces. This belief has prevailed among them from the most remote period, and still con- tinues its hold upon the Indian mind. The Falsefaces are be- lieved to be evil spirits or demons without bodies, arms or limbs, simply faces, and those, of the most hideous description. It is pretended that when seen they are usually in the most retired _ places, darting from point to point, and perhaps from tree to tree, by some mysterious power ; and possessed of a look so frightful and demoniacal as to paralyze all who behold them. They are supposed also to have power to send plagues and pestilence among men, as well as to-devour their bodies when found, for which rea- sons they were held in the highest terror. To this day there are large numbers of the Iroquois who believe implicitly in the per-_ sonal existence of these demons. No. 122.] ; 89 Upon this belief was founded a regular secret organization call- ed the Falseface band, members off which can now be found in every Iroquois village both.in this State and Canada, where the old modes of life are still preserved. This society has a species of initiation, and regular forms, ceremonies and dances. In ac~ - quiring or relinquishing a membership their superstitious notions: were still further illustrated, for it depended entirely upon the omen ofadream. If any one dreamed he was a Falséface, it was only necessary to signify his dream to the proper person, and give _& feast, to be at once initiated ; and so any one dreaming that he. had ceased to be a False face, ad but to make known his dream and give a similar entertainment to effect his exodus. In no oth- er way could a membership be acquired or surrendered. Upon all occasions on which the members appeared in character they _ wore False-faces of the kind represented in the figure, the masks being diversified in color, style and configuration, but all agree- ing in their equally hidcous appearance. The members were all males save one, who was a female, and the Mistress of the Band. ‘She was called Ga-go-sa Ho-nun-nas-tase-td, or the keeper of the Falsefaces; and not only had charge of the regalia of the band, but was the only organ of communication with the members, for their names continued unknown. The prime motive in the establishmenf of this organization was to propitiate those demons called Falsefaces, and-among eth- - er good ‘results to arrest pestilence and disease. ‘In course of time the band itself was believed fo have a species of control over diseases, and over the healing art; and they are often invoked for the cure of simple diseases, and to drive away, or exorcise the plague, if it had actually broken out in their midst. As recently as the summer of 1849, when the cholera prevailed throtgh the State, the Falsefaces, in appropriate custume, went from house to house at Tonawanda, through the old school portion of the vil- lage, and performed the usual ceremonies prescribed for the ex- pulsion of the pestilence, | When any one was’ sick with a complaint within the range of their healing powers, and dreamed that he saw a Falseface, this was interpreted to signify that through their instrumentality he . — 106 [ ASSEMBLY was to be eured. Having informed the mistress of the band, and — prepared the customary feast; the Falsefaces at once appeared, preceded by their female leggler, and marching in Indian file. _Each one wore a mask or falseface, a tattered blanket over his shoulders, and carried a turtle shell rattle in his hand. On en- tering the house of the invalid they first stirred the ashes upon the hearth, and then sprinkled the patient over with hot ashes until his head and hair were covered ; after which they perform- ed some manipulations over him in turn, and finally lead him ‘around with them in the falseface dance (Ga-go-sa), with which their ceremonies concluded. When these performances were over, the entertainment prepared for the occasion was distributed _ _to the band, and by them carried away for their private feasting, as they never unmasked themselves before the people. Among the simple complaints which the Falsefaces eould cure infallibly, were nose bleed, toothache; swellings, and inflammation of the eyes. The falseface shown in the figure was purchased of an Onondaga on Grand river; the other one in the collection came from Tonawanda. ’ Da-ya-no-ta-yen-da-qua, or sNow BOAT. No. Ths Bottom view. With the snow boat was played one of the winter games of the Iroquois, in which the strife was to discover which boat would run the farthest in an iced trench or path. The boat was about fifteen inches in length, and made of’ beech, or other hard wood, something in the fashion of a canoe. It was solid, with the ex- ception of an oblong cavity in the centre, over which arched a ‘hickory bow, designed to suspend bells or other rattles upon. No. 122.] it . oe In the stern of this little vessel a white feather was inserted for a flag, by which to follow it in its descent. On the bottom the boat was rounded, but with a slight wind lengthwise, as shown in the figure, to give it a true direction. A side hill with an open plain below was the kind of place se- lected.to try the speed of the boats. Trenches in a straight line - down the hill, and about a feot wide, were made by treading down the snow ; after which water was poured into them that it might freeze and line the trenches throughout their whole extent with ice. These trenches to the number of a dozen, side by side, ‘if as many individuals intended to play, were finished with the greatest care and exactness, not only down the hill side, buttoa — ‘considerable distance across the plain below. At the same time | the boats themselves were dipped in water that they might also - be coated with ice. The people divided by tribes in playing this, as in all other Iroquois games; the Wolf, Bear, Beaver and Turtle tribes play- ing against the Deer, Snipe, Heron and Hawk. At the time ap- pointed the people assembled at the base of the hill and divided off by tribes, and then commenced betting upon the result, a cus- tom universally practised on such occasions. The game was played by select players who were stationed at the top of the hill, each with two or three boats, and standing at the head of his own trench. When all was in readiness the boats were started off to- gether at the appointed moment, and their rapid descent was watched with eager interest by the people below.. It is not ne- cessary to.describe the scene. If the game was twenty it would be continued until one side had made that number of points. A count of ene was made for every boat which led all upon the ad- verse side, so that if there were six players on a side it was pos- sible for that number to be made at one trial. On the contrary, if all the boats but one upon one side were in advance of all on the adverse side but one, and the latter was in advance of all, this head boat would win and count one. The principles of the game — are precisely the same as in the Snow Snake game described in the last report. All of these Indian games were played with great zeal and enthusiasm. To us they appear to be puerile — : it 102, - [ASSEMBLY amusements for men in the prime of manhood; but yet they were adapted to the ways and habits of a people living without arts, and without the intellectual employments which pertain to civil- ized life. Such games mark the infancy of the human mind, but they often beget a generous emulation and a ready skill which lead to future improvement and elevation. G&-no-84, OF CONCH SHELL BREAST PLATE. No. 45. Plate 14. Fig. 2. Breast plates of this description were much worn in ancient: times. The leading chiefs of the Iroquois wore medals either of silver or sea shell on public occasions. This medal is in the com- mon form, and is chiefly interesting as the personal ornament of Peter Fish Carrier, (So-aee) a Cayuga Chief about 60 years of age, now residing or Grand river. , He is the only surviving son of the distinguished Cayuga chief (Ho-jd-ga-ta,) who bore the name of Fish Carrier, and who resided at Cannoga on the Cayuga lake du- ying the period of the revolution. A reservation was set apart for his special benefit at this place, by the treaty of 1795, made at the Cayuga bridge. He died near Buffalo about the year 1800, after which -his family removed to Grand river. Ah-da-dis-ha, or cane: This cane is also chiefly interesting as a memento of the most distinguished living sachem of the Cayugas, John Jacobs, (Jote- he-weh-ko,) now about eighty years of age, and residing upon Grand river. He was born about the year 1770, at the chief vil- lage of the Cayugas Ga-yd-ga-an-ha, which was situated upon the north side of Utts creek, about one and a half miles from the Cay- uga lake, and about four miles north east from Aurora. When General Sullivan was on his return from the invasion of the Sen- © eca territory in 1779, he sent a detachment into Cayuga county to destroy the villages of the Cayugas. The people fled to Niagar a, and Jote-ho-weh-ko, then a small lad, was carried’ by his family. At a subsequent day he returned to his former home and resid ed No. 122.1 103 there until the Cayugas finally disposed of all their lands to the State and emigrated. His family removed to Grand river where at asubsequent day he was made one of the ten Cayuga sachems, as his name indicates. The cane itself is curious as a specimen of Indian carving, it being wreathed with serpents. It has been used by Jote-ho-weh-ko for many years, and was obtained of him for the collection in October last on Grand river. Ah-so-qua-ta, or Prpr. No. 56. AN aS RAT ATTA TEU a IU ui iNyae aha \ Nia aBEE A Eh hes Ny Hing RYH i as y Ait i} ite i] Bit ats : inne t The pipe represented in the figure is made of a soft red stone, ealled Catlinite,or the Missouri pipe stone, that State being the chief, if not the only place, in which itis found. It is in common use among the western Indians for making the calumet, and also for common pipes. Like soap stone, which was much used by the Iro- quois for the same purpose, it can be fashioned into pipes without the aid of metalic instruments. There is a tradition in relation to this pipe that it was taken from a Sioux many years ago by a Se- neca, in one of the many inroads of the Senecas into the territo- tories of the former people. It bears decisive marks of its anti- quity, and also of severe usage, for the original orifice in which the stone piece was inserted has been taken away, and a new one made above in which the present. stone is fastened, It was ob- tained of a Seneca. 104 ‘ | ASSEMBLY ¢ Ah-so-qua-ta, or Pier. No. 50. This pipe is made of stone ; but without the stem piece it is in the exact fashion of the ancient earthen pipe of the Iroquois. As the stone is intensely hard it is difficult to say how it was drilled out. Stone implements are often found of Indian manufacture, some of which are bored with great regularity. It has been sup- posed that the boring was done by means of.a reed made to re- volve back and forth by hand, and sand employed to do the cut- ting. Nothing is known of the origin or manufacture of this pipe; it was purchased of a Mohawk on Grand river. | STONE PIPE MADE OF NODULE. No, 52. ° 4 feet Among the western Indians large pipe bowls with long stems, ornamented in various ways, and called calumets, are very com- mon; but among the Iroquois the pipe was usually short, and without a stem piece. Fancy pipes are occasionally to be met with, like the one represented in the figure, having a long stem piece and a huge bowl. In this case the bowl is a nodule of stone, .With a rough exterior, weighing about a pound; and has been drilled out by artificial means. The handle is of wood colored black and perforated by means of wire. A cluster of feathers depends from the centre of the handle. It was procured from a Seneca at Tonawanda. 7 No. 122.] 105 _Ga-re-gwa, or SPEAR. No. 64. The spear is not an Iroquois weapon ; although in later years articles of this description of American manufacture have some- times been found among them. They had no name in their lan- guage for spear, until it became necessary to give one to the for- eign weapon. The one figured above was purchased of an Onon- daga on Grand river, and is said to have been used in the last war between the United States and Great Britain. ! Gii-ne-a-ga-o-dus-ha, or WAR CLUB. No. 69. - Saticonenetigeeenen ZZ = eS aS 7 Eee = \ ——— Ss The deer horn war club was one of the ancient weapons of the Troquois at the period of their discovery. In some instances in later times a steel blade was substituted for the deer horn, as in the above specimen, thus rendering it a more deadly weapon than formerly. priy: Gi-sna Gia-o-wo, OF BARK CANOE. ; Plate 15. In the construction of the bark canoe, the Iroquois exercised considerable taste and skill. The art appears to have been com- mon to all the Indian races within the limits of the republic, and the mode of construction much the same. Birch bark was the best material; but as this birch did not grow within the home territories of the Iroquois, they generally used the red elm and bitternut hickory. The canoe figured in the plate is made of the 106 | ASSEMBLY bark of the red elm, and consists of but one piece. Having taken off a bark of the requisite length and width, and removed the rough outside, it was shaped in the canoe form. Rim pieces of white ash, or other elastic wood, of the width of the hand, were then run around the edge outside and in, and stitched through and through with the bark itself. In stitching they used bark thread or twine, and splints. The ribs consisted of narrow strips of ash, which were set about a foot apart along the bottom of the ednoe, and having been turned up the sides, were secured under the rim. Each end of the canoe was fashioned alike, the two side pieces inclining towards each other until they united, and formed a sharp and vertical prow. In size, these canoes varied from twelve feet, with sufficient capacity to carry two men, to forty feet, with sufficient capacity for thirty. The one figured is about twenty-five feet in length, and its tonnage estimated at two tons, about half that of the bateau or river boat in use upon our inland waters before the construction of the canal. Birch bark retained its place without warping, but the elm ard hickory bark: canoes were exposed to this objection. After being used, they were drawn out of the water to dry. One of the chief advanta- ges of these canoes, especially the birch bark, was their extreme lightness, which often became a matter of some moment, from the flood-wood and water-falls which obstructed the navigation of the inland rivers.. Two men could easily transport these light vessels around these obstacles, and even from one river to anoth- er, when the portage was but a few miles. For short excursions one person usually paddled the canoe, standing up in the stern; if more than two, and on a long expe- dition, they were seated at equal distances upon each side alter- nately. In the fur trade these canoes were extensively used. They coasted lakes Erie and Ontario, and turning up the Oswego river into the Oneida lake, they went up Wood Creek, and from thence over the carrying place at Rome into the Mohawk, which they descended to Schenectady. The Iroquois thus possessed a connected water route from the Hudson to Lake Superior. Their canoes would usually carry about twelve hundred pounds of fur. At the periods of the invasions of the Iroquois territories by the French, large fleets of these canoes, sometimes numbering two # e Ooo No, 129.) 107 4 hundred, were formed for the conveyance of troops and provi- sions. With careful usage they would Jast several years. Ga-sna Ga-ose-ha, or BARK BARREL. No. 44. i ih AN By Nh if ily i ~ itn iN i uA ith j : wild aE Es | Mh y i) j i] | fl a“ aN SS = %\ a = i Se ee : = \—- B® j= W 3 PA / / } \\ i The bark barrel was used to store charred and dried shell corn, beans, fruit, cured venison and other meats,and a variety of oth- er articles. When corn was buried in pits or caches, it was usu- ally put in bark barrels of this description. During the war of 1812, when the British forces were expected over the frontier, the Senecas at Tonawanda, who had enlisted in the American army, buried their corn in bark barrels, after the ancient cus- tom. These barrels were made of all sizes, from those of suffi- cient capacity to hold three bushels, to those large enough for a peck. They are made of black ash bark, the grain being run around the barrel. Such barrels were found in every family in ancient times, and among other purposes to which they were de- voted, they were made repositories for articles of apparel and personal ornaments. With proper care they would outlast the longest life. , 108 | ASSEMBLY Several specimens of bark trays and bark sap tubs will be found in the collection. These yessels are always made of red elm bark. -Ga-no. or ARROW. No. 8: In ancient times arrows were pointed with horn or bone as well as with flint,and made even more dangerous missiles in the former cases. The above is a representation of an arrow of this | description, which, with several others, was purchased of an One- ida on Grand river. It is about three feet in length and pointed with deer’s horn. O-no-ga Gus-da-weh-si, or HORN RATTLE.” = Various kinds of rattles were used by the Iroquois in; their dances, of which, the turtle shell rattle was the most common ; but occasionally, in later days, one is to be met with of this de- seription. It was obtained of a Caynga lad on Grand river. No. 122.] 10% igh / Yont-ka-do-qua, or BASKET FISH NET. iN N = ‘n= F == Se —+—= —S = Se SIS — ~; ————— SOS h JN The basket net was made of splint in a conical form, about three feet in length, fifteen inches in diameter at the mouth, and six at the small end. In using it, the fisherman stood in the rap- ids of the creek or river, where the water rippled over the stony bottom, and with a stick or rod managed to direct the fish into the partly submerged basket, as they attempted to shoot down the rapid. When one was heard to flutter in the basket, it was” at once raised from the water, and the fish was found secure within it. In those forest days, when fish abounded in every stream, it was an easy matter thus to capture them in large num- bers. | Basket-making is preéminently an Indian art. It was the "intention of the writer to enter into this subject somewhat mi- nutely, and for that purpose a collection of splints in their various stages, from their condition when first taken from the tree, to those ready to be made into the most delicate baskets, was put up and arranged. But the unexpected length of this re- port will prevent any thing more than a passing notice. Black ash furnishes the only splint used by the Iroquois, and perhaps the same may be said of all other Indians. They choose a tree about a foot in diameter and free from limbs, after which they cut off a stick about six-feet in length. After removing the bark they pound the stick with some heavy implement to start the — splints, which can thus be made to run off with the utmost regu- 110 : | ASSEMBLY larity and uniformity of thickness. This process is continued un- ti] the log is stripped down to the heart. These splints, which are about three inches wide and an eighth of an inch thick, are afterwards subdivided both ways until reduced to the required width and thickness. When resplit into thinner strips the splints have a white and smooth surface. If the baskets are to be variegated, the splints are dyed upon one side before they are woven, and are also moistened to make them pliable before they ° are used. The patient industry of the Indian female while en- - gaged in this manual labor, and her skill and taste are alike. ex- emplified in this interesting manginctne E-yose, OF BLANKET. No. 1031-2. Plate 16, b _ In ancient times the [roquois female costume consisted of moc- casins, leggins, a deer skin skirt, and a deer or bear skin blanket _ dressed. with the hair upon it. Since then they have adhered to the ancient costume with great fidelity so far as the articles of apparel are concerned, although they have changed the materi- als of which they were made. They still wear the moccasin, the leggin, the skirt and the blanket as a part of their ordinary dress; but the deer skin has been laid aside for the broadcloth and the woolen; and the porcupine quill in a great measure for the bead, We can yet discover in the broadcloth blanket, however tasteful- ly embroidered or ribboned, the legitimate descendant of the an- cient deer skin blanket. As now worn by the Indian female, the. blanket isa very graceful and becoming article of apparel. It is either passed over the head and falls down around the person in natural folds, or rests upon the shoulders and is gathered like a shawl. The one shown in the plate is ef the latter description. It is bordered with ribbon, the colors of which are tastefully com- bined, and also with beadwork, which will be more fully appre- ciated from the plate than from any description. Ga-ka-ah, or skier. No. 101. Plate 17. ' This is without question the finest specimen of Indian bead- work eyer exhibited. Next to the article itself tie plate will - ~~ No. 122. ] ill furnish the best description. It was made by Miss Caroline G. Parker (Ga-hd-no), a Seneca Indian girl, now being educated in’ the State “Normal School, to whose finished taste, and patient in- dustry the State is indebted for most of the many beautiful spe- . cimens of beadwork embroidery now in the Indian collection. In doing this work, the eye and the taste are the chief relian- — cgs, as they use no patterns except as they may have seen them in the works of others. In combining colors certain general rules, the result of experience and observation, are followed, but beyond fhem each one pursued herown fancy. They never seek for strong contrasts, but break the force of it by interposing. white, that the colors may blend harmoniously. Thus light blue and pink beads, with white beads between them, is a favorable | combination; dark blue and yellow, with white between, is an- other; red and light blue, with white between, is another; and - light purple and dark purple, with white between, is a fourth. Others might be added were it necessary. If this beadwork is critically examined it will be found that these general rules are strictly observed ; and in so far beadwork embroidery may be called a systematic art. The art.of flowering, as they term it, is the most difficult part of beadwork, as it requires an accurate knowledge of the appearance of the flower, and the structure and condition of the plant at the stage in which it is represent- ed. These imitations are frequently made with great delicacy, of which a yery favorable exhibition may be seen in the plate, in the flower introduced at the angle of the skirt. _ Ga-ya-ah, or saTCHEDL. No. 24. Plate 18. This beautiful article is also of Seneca manufacture. Upon the lowest part of the front side (fig. 1) there is an ingenious im- itation of a rose bush, with its flowers at different stages of matu- rity, from the one just opening its bud, to the full blown rose. The success of the imitation, eonsidering the nature of the ma- terials, and the artist, is quite commendable. It is easy to recognize the opening rose in the bud at the left, which, with its envelope and stem, is very accurately delineated. In flowering, 112° | ASSEMBLY dark green beads are used for the stalk of the shr ub, and Low beads of various colors and tints, for the flowers. On the reverse side of the Satchel are two stars, which as spe- cimens of fancy beadwork are tastefully and ingeniously made. This is not an original Indian article, but a naturalized invention. Ya-wa-0-da-qua, OF PIN CUSHION. a Plate 19. ; The plate is intended merely as a further illustration of the ge- neral character of bead work embroidery. ‘It is of Seneca manu- facture and requires no description beyond the plate itself. Ga-n6-sote, OF BARK HOUSE. No. 114. Plate 20. The bark house of the Iroquois has long since given place to a more substantial structure; but occasionally in some secluded corner a Gd-ndé-sote, may yet be seen, constructed by some one whose age Or fondness for the ancient mode of life led him to pre- fer the light, but convenient lodge of his forefathers. The single Ga-n6-sote was usually about twenty feet by fifteen upon the ground, and from ten to twenty feet high. The frame consisted of upright poles firmly set in the ground, usually five upon the sides and four at the ends, including those at the corners. Upon the forks of these poles, about ten feet from the ground, cross poles were secured horizontally, to which the rafters, also poles, but more numerous and slender, were adjusted. The rafters were strengthened with transverse poles, and the whole was usually so arranged as to form an arching roof. After the frame was thus completed, it was sided up and shingled with black ash bark, the rough ‘side out. The bark was flattened and dried, and then split in the form of boards. To hold these bark boards firmly in their places another set of poles, corresponding with those in the frame, were placed on the outside, and by means of splint and bark rope fastenings the boards were secured horizontally be- tween them. It usually required four Jengths of boards, and four courses from the ground to the rafters to cover a side, as they were lapped at the ends, as well as clapboarded ; and also in the same proportions for the ends. In like manner the roof was coy- No. 122.] 113 ered with bark boards, smaller in size, with the rough side out, and the grain running up and down; the boards being stitched through and through with fastenings, and thus held between the frames of poles, as on the sides. In the centre of the roof was an opening for the smoke, the fire being upon the ground in the cen- tre of the house, and the smoke ascending without the guidance of a chimney. At the two ends of the house were doors, either of bark hung upon hinges of wood, or of deer or bear skin sus- pended before the opening; and however long the house, or whatever the number of fires, these were the only entrances. Over one of these doors was usually cut or painted the tribal de- vice of the head of the family. Within upon the two sides were arranged wide seats, alsoof bark boards, about two feet from the ground, .well supported underneath, and reaching the entire length of the house. Upon these they spread their mats of skins, ~ and also their blankets, using them as seats by day and couches by night. Similar berths were constructed on each side about five feet above these and secured to the frame of the house, thus furnishing accommodations for the family. An interior view of the house is given in the plate. Upon cross poles near the roof | was hung in bunches, braided together by the husks, the winter supply of corn. Charred and dried corn, and beans were gener- ally stowed in bark barrels, and laid away in corners. Their implements for the chase, weapons, articles of apparel, and mis- | cellaneous notions were stowed away, and hung up, wherever an unoccupied corner was discovered. A house of this description would accommodate a family of eight, with the limited wants of the Indian, and afford shelter for their necessary stores, making a not uncomfortable residence. The Iroquois resided in permanent villages. About the period of the formation of the League, when they were exposed to the inroads of hostile nations, their villages were compact and stock- aded. Having run a trench several feet deep around five or ten . acres of land, and thrown up the ground upon the inside, they set a continuous row of stakes or palisades in this bank of earth, Assembly, No. 122.] 8 114 [ AsseMBLY¥ fixing them at such an angle that they inclined over the trench.! Sometimes a village was surrounded by a double or even treble row of palisades. Within this enclosure they constructed their bark houses, which were very large and designed for several fami- lies, and in them secured their stores. Around it was the vil- lage field, consisting oftentimes of several hundred acres of culti- vated land, which was subdivided into planting lots; those be- ‘longing to different families being bounded by uncultivated ridges. But at the commencement of the seventeenth century, when their power had become consolidated, and most of the adjacent nations had been brought under subjection, the necessity of stock- ading their villages in a measure ceased, and with it the practice. At the period of the discovery of the inland Iroquois, about the year 1640, few, if any of the villages of the Senecas, Cayugas, or Onondagas were surrounded with palisades; but the Oneidas and Mohawks continued to stockade their villages for many years af- terwards in consequence of the inroads of the French. From being compact, their villages afterwards came to be scattered over a large area, and their houses were planted, like the trees of the forest, at irregular intervals. No attempt in the modern village was made at a street, or at an arrangement of their houses in a row ; two houses seldom fronting the same line. They are merely erouped together sufficiently near for a neighborhood. As their villages at an early day were reckoned by the number of houses, it is important to notice the difference between the bark house of the ancient and of the modern period, to arrive at any estimation of the number of inhabitants in former times. When the village was scattered over a large area, the houses were single, and usually designed for one family; but when compact, as in early times, they were very large, and subdivided so as to accommodate a number of families. The long house was often over an hundred feet in length, by about sixteen in width, 1. Herein is doubtless the origin of many if not all of the Trench Enclosures which are found in various parts of the State. Not all of them necessarily made by the Iroquois, but by them and the nations who preceded them in the occupancy of New- York. | No. 122.] 115 with partitions at intervals of about ten or twelve feet, or two lengths of the body. Each apartment was in many respects a separate house, accommodating two families, one upon each side of the fire. Sometimes there was a fire in every apartment, but more frequently for every other partition, so that one fire would answer for four families. Not unfrequently one of these houses contained from ten to twenty families, all bound together by the nearer ties of relationship, and constituting in effect one family. They carried the principle of “living in common” to its full ex- tent. Whatever was taken in the chase, or raised in the fields, or gathered in its natura] state by any member of the united fami- lies, enured to the benefit of all, for their stores of every descrip- tion were common. They had regular hours for cooking through ’ the whole establishment, and whatever was prepared was free to - all. After the morning repast the Iroquois had no regular meal, but they satisfied their appetites whenever it was convenient. As they used no tables in ancient times they took their food sep- arately, and whenever it could be done with the least trouble, the males first, and the females afterwards. There were no side doors to the long house, and as a necessary consequence there | was a species of hall or avenue through the house from end to end. In constructing one of these houses, spaces were left at in-’ tervals through it for store rooms, which were open to those who were contiguous. Other peculiarities of these patriarchal house- holds of the Iroquois might be pointed out; but sufficient has been said to give a general idea of both the single and the long house of our primitive inhabitants. A Mr. Greenhalgh, in 1677, visited the Seneca village of Dg-yo- de-hok-to, signifying a “ hsrigled creek,” situated upon a bend of the Honeoye outlet west of Mendon, in the county of Monroe. Under the name of “Tiotohatton,” he thus speaks of it :—(Doc. Hist., N. Y., vol. 1, p. 13) “ Tiotohatton lies on the brink or edge of a hill; has not much cleared ground; is near the river Tioto- hatton, which signifies bending. It lies to the westward of Can- agorah, about thirty miles, containing about 120 houses, being the largest of all we saw, (the ordinary being from fifty to sixty feet long,) with from twelve to thirteen fires in one house. They _ have good store of corn growing about a mile to the northward 116 [AsseMBLY - of the town.” He further states (ib. 12,13) that Canagorah con- tained 150 houses, Onondaga 140, and Oneida 100. It is not im- probable that the largest of the Iroquois villages in ancient times, or about the period of their discovery, contained — two to three thousand inhabitants. It is difficult to form a correct estimate of the total number of | the Iroquois at any particular period, the opinions of those, hay- ing the best opportunity of judging, have been so various. They _ have been rated from ten, to seventy thousand. An opinion may perhaps be indulged, without giving the statistics upon which it is founded. The period of their greatest prosperity, and of their highest military supremacy was about the year 1650; and their total population at that period may be safely placed at 25,000. A higher estimate would be better supported by such data as the case affords, than a lesser one; although the impression of later writers seems to be the contrary. An approximation to the rela- tive strength of the several nations of the League upon this basis may be made by the following apportionment : To the Senecas 10,000; to the Cayugas 3,000; to the Onondagas 4,000; to the Oneidas 3,000; and to the Mohawks 5,000. A century later or about 1750, their total population was probably about half this - number, the Mohawks having wasted away the most rapidly. To return from this digression to the bark house from which it proceeded, it is proper to observe that among the articles furnish- ed is the model of the original Ga-no-sote of the Iroquois, some six feet by four, in its ground plan, and made as large as it could be conveniently transported. ‘The model shows very perfectly the mechanism of the bark house throughout; but it is defective in its proportions. It was designed for two fires, or four families, and therefore should be either longer or narrower, and not as | high. With this criticism in mind the plate gives a faithful im- pression of the primitive house of the Iroquois. The great length of this report forbids those suggestions upon the further enlargement of the Indian collection, and those reflections upon its importance, which the subject is calcu- lated to inspire. With a fair portion of the fabrics, implements _ No. 122.] | 117 4 and utensils of the most gifted race of Indian lineage within the limits of our Republic, as the nucleus of a general Indian collec- tion, the way is fairly opened by the State for successfully ac- complishing an enterprise, which is both full of historical inter- est and worthy of its enlarged munificence. It is greatly to be hoped that the time is not distant when one collection, at least, _ Imay exist in the country, which is sufficiently general, and suffi- ciently minute, to illustrate the social life and the artizan intel- lect of the whole Indian family. There is also a collateral consideration which cannot be over- looked. In the fabrics of the modern Iroquois there is much to inspire confidence in their teachableness in the useful arts. When their minds are unfolded by education, and their attention is attracted by habit to agricultural pursuits, as has become the case to some extent, there is great promise that a portion, at least, of this gifted race will be reclaimed, and raised, eventually, toa citizenship among ourselves. In that great work, the people of the State have a part to perform. It would be a grateful specta- cle yet to behold the children of our primeval forests cultivating the fields over which their fathers roamed in sylvan indepen- dence ; and worshiping that God, in the fullness of light, and knowledge, whom, in the Great Spirit, however imperfect their conceptions, they most distinctly discerned. All which is respectfully submitted. LEWIS H. MORGAN. Rochester, January 22, 1851,- ‘ Sal ie 1A aay ‘# dadt saiarorg. 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