iEx ICtbrta

SEYMOUR DURST

~t ' Tort nlvuw ^4mfler<hi-m, of Je Manhatarus

When you leave, please leave this book

Because it has been said " Ever' thing comes t' him who waits

Except a loaned book."

Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library Gift of Seymour B. Durst Old York Library

Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014

http://archive.org/details/annualreportofbo00newy_2

THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT

OK 'J HE

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS

CENTRAL PARK.

YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1860.

NEW YORK:

EVENING POST STEAM PRESSES, 41 NASSAU STREET, COE. LIBERTY.

CONTENTS.

PACK.

Officers, and Committees, . 7

Annual Report, . 9

Works outside the Central Park, 63

Topoghaphical Description of the Central Park, ..... 79

References to the Central Tark Guide Map, ...... 80

Natural History Museum Correspondence, ... . b2

Gifts, devises and bequests, ......... 84

Specimens deposited for exhibition, .... , 100

Meteorological Department Report, . . . . . .101

Paper on watering of roads, ......... 1 30

Statement respecting visitors, ..139

Columbus Statue correspondence, 140

Humboldt Bust correspondence, ...... .149

Paper relative to Park entrances, .... ... 151

Parade Ground correspondence, . . . . . . . .153

Birds and Animals in captivity 172

ILLUSTRATIONS.

The Mall, ^ . V • • • - 1

Dairy House, ... 10

Plan of Merchants' Gate, 12

The Cascade, 10

Berceau Walk, .... 19

The Camel 26 -

Paleozoic Museum, .28

The Elephant, 32

Boys' Play Ground, ........ , 40

Goat Carriage, ....... ... 48

Auld Lang Syne, 49

Columbus Statue, 55

Humboldt Bust, - 56

Map of north end of City, . - . . . . 70

Central Park Guide Map, . 81

Meteorological self registering apparatus, - 102, 101, 103, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116

118, 120, 122

pFFICERS AND foMMITTEES.

CHARLES H. RUSSELL, J. F. BUTTERWORTH, WALDO HUTCHINSj THOMAS C. FIELDS,

ANDREW H. GREEN, HENRY G. STEBBINS, R M. BLATCHFORD, M. H. GRIXNELL.

President. HENRY G. STEBBINS.

Treasurer and Comptroller. ANDREW H. GREEX.

Vice-President.

m: h. grixxell.

Secretary. THOMAS C. FIELDS.

Finance. — Messrs. Russell, Grixxell, Butterworth.

Executive. — Messrs. Blatchford, Greex, Hutchixs, Russell,

Fields.

Auditing. — Messrs. Blatchford, Fields, Butterwortil By-Laws and Ordinances. — Messrs. Hutchixs, Fields, Green,.

Statuary, Fountains, and Architectural Structures. — Messrs. Rus sell, Butter worth, Greex.

Roads and Avenues. — Messrs. Blatchford, Fields, Green, Hutchixs, Butterworth.

REPORT.

To the Honorable the Common Council

of the City of Xew York :

The Board of Commissioners of the Central Park respectfully submits this Report of its transactions for the year ending with the thirty-first day of December, 1869, being its Thirteenth Annual Report. ■

The forces of the Park have been generally engaged in the development on the grounds of plans heretofore adopted, and in maturing the plans for future operation-.

The Belvedere at the high ground of a central portion of the Park is advanced so that the form of the tower at its south-easterly angle, and the open shelter at its south-west corner, are well defined and readily observ- able ; this structure is designed to afford a prominent place of look-out over the whole extent of the Park,

10

and at the same time to present in itself varied, pic- turesque, and attractive features as viewed from different parts of the grounds.

The massive foundations of the Merchants' gate have been nearly completed, and the drives and walks that lead thereto, have been readjusted to the new lines of the arrangement of the open circular place recently laid out at the intersection of Fifty-ninth street, Eighth avenue, and Broadway. The necessary modifications of the planted grounds at this point have also been com- pleted.

The House, situated just north of the Play-ground south of Transverse road No. 1, is complete, and is much used by the boys for whose convenience it was erected. The Children's Cottage is complete, and is also very much used.

The Dairy, a rural structure of stone, situate on the southerly side of Transverse road No. 1, and south-east of the Marble Arch, is well forwarded. It is arranged for the convenient serving of milk and similar refresh- ments, and so that all supplies may be taken into it from the Transverse road ; the Children's Play-ground, well protected by plantations, and the Children's Shelter are immediately and conveniently accessible from it, and from all the southerly gates of the Park.

11

The ceiling of the Terrace has been laid with encaus- tic tile of varied design, and the decoration of the orna- mental ribs of iron lias been finished ; all that remains to complete this ceiling, is the introduction of the glass panel that is to admit the light upon the statues designed to occupy the central space immediately under it.

The old house at the Great Hill, which was rapidly falling into decay, has been newly roofed and put in good order for such useful purpose as the exigencies of the Park administration may require.

The laying out, fertilizing, and planting of the Maze or Labyrinth on the east of the Old Reservoir is com- pleted. This comprises within its inclosure thirty-seven hundred lineal feet of gravel-walk, and twenty-two hundred and fifty trees as borders or screens to the walk, and is intended to render an attempt to reach its central point, or to find a place of exit, somewhat amusingly intricate and difficult, The trees used are at present about eighteen inches in height. Gardenesque arrangements of this kind are found in many extensive public and private ground^ of the Old AVorld, and are designed to form a pleasant incident in a visit to the Park.

A fountain has been arranged at the Harlem Lake by

12

which a high jet of water is played whenever the supply in the Reservoir is such as to admit of its use.

A portion of the exterior wall of the Park, from Seventy-second to Seventy-ninth street, on the Fifth avenue, has been completed, with the exception of the entrance openings ; the wall on this avenue is complete from Fifty-ninth to Seventy-ninth street, and the foun- dation and one faced wall and part of the base course is set from this point to One Hundred and Tenth street.

A part of the wall on the Eighth avenue, from the Merchants' gate to Transverse road No. 1, has been removed and rebuilt to meet the change of grade of that avenue.

The large stone, 17 feet square, of polished Westerly granite for the basin of the Terrace fountain has been contracted for, and it is hoped will be in place during the coming season.

The bronze figures for this fountain are now in course of casting at Munich.

The foundation course for the horse drinking-fountain at the circle is set, and a large portion of the orna- mental stone work is on the ground ready for setting when the weather permits.

A movable house has been nearly completed for a

13

cover to prevent damage to the music-pavilion by the storms and snows of winter.

The movable house erected several years since near the south beach of the Lake, having been put up and taken down for eight successive years, has, by reason of use, become so much worn that it was necessary to supply its place with one more commodious and readily movable each season after the time has passed during which it may be required. The building presents on the Lake a front of three stories, the lower one being used for refreshments and cloak and skate rooms, the intermediate story for refreshments and a look-out upon the Lake, and the upper story for a ladies7 look-out ex- clusively. The whole building is of an extent of 123 feet long by an extreme width of 61 feet. A house for the use of the curlers is in course of erection at the Conservatory Lake, designed in sections, to be erected and removed with each wrinter season.

For the purpose of compacting the bed of new roads, and also the surface of these roads, the Board has imported a steam road-roller weighing about 15 tons. Invitations were sent to prominent mechanics and others interested in this class of machinery, to attend a trial of its propelling and compressing capacity. It was readily propelled from One Hundred and Tenth street up the

14

Great Hill on a grade of 4.61 feet in a hundred, and returned down the Hill without difficulty or apparent stress on the machinery. The roller has been for some months used on the Drive and Circle in compacting the earth and surface road metal.

The following minor structures and articles have been provided during the past year :

188 feet rustic seats, made.

50 feet rustic arbor.

1 rustic bridge, 13 feet wide and 35 feet long.

2 rustic bridges, each 11 feet wide and 14 feet long. 400 iron settees, 1,800 lineal feet.

9 cages for animals.

3 boxes for gate keepers.

2 temporary houses for animals, 12x38.

1 temporary shed for Belvedere, 12x100.

1 cover for steam roller, 6x8x13.

1 temporary house for steam roller, 20x25.

1 movable house for steam roller, 16x22.

67 windows trimmed, and storm-door at Museum.

40 feet staircase at Museum, 6 feet wide.

13 water-closets in Museum.

400 feet picket fence at Park gates.

10 swings for children.

4 dirt and grass carts. 10 road scrapers.

7 ladders.

11 wooden pedestals for statuary. 2 derrick masts.

8 hand-carts. 13 tool-carts. 101 stone boats.

4 blacksmith shops.

Fittings for the Meteorological department. 1 portable cottage, 20x32. 150 signs.

I store-house, 18x50.

Bridge to new skate building, 6x60. 100 feet new counters. 188 feet 12-inch drain-pipe laid. 299 feet 8-inch drain pipe laid. 523 feet 6-inch drain-pipe laid. 270 feet 4-inch drain-pipe laid.

12 feet Croton pipe laid.

784 feet 1-inch lead pipe laid. 276 feet 2-inch lead pipe laid. 600 feet stone-drain.

II frames and gates ; basins set. 1 service basin.

5 road basins. 5 walk basins.

4 stop-cock basins.

1G

5,954 evergreen trees and shrubs, and 6,5G8 herba- ceous and bulbous plants, have been planted during the year ; of these 3,429, mostly good-sized trees, have been taken from the dense plantations of the Park. ■

THE CASCADE.

The following are tabulations of statistics respecting the working force on the Park, and on other works under the charge of the Board, which will be found of interest :

17

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19

The rates of wages have in all departments been equal to, and in several have exceeded, those of any year since the commencement of the Park. The total amount expended under the head of construction during the year was $340,265.91.

BEECEAU WALK.

The following table shows the rates of wages paid by the Board on works under its charge for the past thir- teen years :

20

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21

There exists in all civilized communities a strong desire to rescue from destruction, and to preserve for future ages, those works of art and skill that justly confer on their authors a fame among men. Growing out of this desire, not only among modern nations but among those of ancient date, great collections have been assembled of statuary, paintings, and other art works that command the admiration of succeeding ages, and compel a respect for the enlightened sentiment that has been instrumental in their preservation. So pervading is this sentiment, and such hold has it upon educated men of all nations, that the conqueror who, even amid the excitements and passions of war, wastes these treas- ures of time, or suffers them to be pillaged, is justly regarded as an enemy to the best interests of our race, and is characterized as such in the pages of history.

Under a popular government in which the laws, in effect, compel the distribution of individual accumula- tions of property at brief periods, and in which the transmission of great estates from generation to genera- tion, by entail or other artificial means, is prohibited, the tendency and the disposition is to mass valuable works of art and skill under the management of corpo- rations, or bodies having perpetuity of existence, for the benefit and the use of a wider or more restricted public, as the nature of the collections may demand.

Ill our country, it is only by giving the whole people an interest in these collections that they can be success- fully gathered and preserved through long periods of time. We have, in this country, no dynastic families nor laws of primogeniture, by means of which collections can, as in Europe, be handed over unimpaired to suc- ceeding ages ; and many individuals whose wealth and taste, or the necessities of whose studies and business have led them to gather for their own use, or for the enjoyment of their families and friends, galleries of choice and expensive works of art, or valuable collec- tions of books, are, actuated by a high public spirit, in search of some agency through which they can pass over these treasures for the perpetual use and enjoyment of their fellow-men. For these reasons, in no country will collections of this character be so extensive, so val- uable, and so rapidly gathered as in this, if the proper means can be discovered for their preservation and transmission. It is becoming apparent, also, that the more valuable and extensive of these collections should be located in large cities, the centres of population and of business, where people naturally tend, and where conveniences of residence and travel admit of their examination and study. It is equally certain that such collections will not be committed to any custodian that is liable to be influenced and changed by the exigencies of the frequent political conflicts that are generated

23

under our government. That agency only that can give assurance of permanency, of integrity and intelligence, will be entrusted with the guardianship of things that all ages and all cultivated men hold valuable.

The more the mind is turned toward the desirability of securing an agency of this character, the greater the difficulties of accomplishing it will appear ; and no movement in the direction of the establishment of these collections likely to succeed can be inaugurated until the intricacies of this problem are understood and a working theory established.

Impressed by these views, the Commissioners of the Park, in their last report, presented a general outline of a plan by which this great desideratum could, at least in some degree, be attained.

Those interested, either from the nature of their occu- pation or for pleasure, in the respective branches of science and art, are to be addressed, and their means combined in the labor of collecting together the class of works that each has most at heart, with the view of depositing them with a custodian whose general province it will be to administer them in perpetuity in the interest of the special science or art illustrated by the collection and for the general instruction and amusement of the whole people.

The energies and the means of private contributors being thus devoted to the work of collecting, the adminis- tering power, by public means, furnishes the necessary buildings and structures for preserving, and such special opportunity for study and examination, to persons inter- ested in each department as may be desirable for its advance and growth.

The Legislature of the State, at its last session, author- ized the Board "to erect establish, conduct, and "maintain on the Central Park a Meteorological and " Astronomical Observatory, and a Museum of Natural " History and a Gallery of Art, and the buildings " therefor, and to provide the necessary instruments, " furniture, and equipments for the same.7' At a previous session, the Commissioners of the Park were authorized to receive " any gifts, devises, or bequests " that may be made to said, Board, upon such trusts and 11 conditions as may be prescribed by the donors or " grantors thereof, and agreed to by said Board.'7

Thus the necessary legislative sanction has been had to put these ideas in motion and in practical operation by an appropriation of funds upon which a commence- ment may be made.

Tn furtherance of this plan a number of public-spirited gentlemen took measures to obtain, by private contribu- tion, sufficient money to purchase a large collection

25

illustrative of natural history, to be deposited in the Park Museum.

A correspondence respecting this movement is given in an appendix. The undertaking having been favor- ably received and responded to by considerable sub- scriptions, the promoters of it organized themselves as the American Museum of Natural History, procured a charter from the Legislature, and, it is understood, have already collected about the sum of $40,000 for the purpose of its organization.

The Museum has purchased —

First — The entire collection of the late Prince Maxi- millian, known as the Weid Collection, comprising 4,000 Mounted Birds, 600 Mounted Mammals, 2,000 fishes and reptiles.

Second — Selections from the Yerreaux collection at Paris, 2,800 Mounted Birds, 230 Mounted Mammals, 400 Skeletons.

Third — The entire collection of American and Foreign Birds, about 2,500 in number, lately belonging to D. F.

Elliott, Esq.

Fourth — A series of 250 Birds of Siberia, purchased from Monsieur Yeciray, in faris.

2G

This purchase comprehending in all 12,770 specimens, as follows :

The details of the conditions upon which these collec- tions are to be deposited with the Park Commissioners have not vet been entirely settled, but it is believed they will be such as to be satisfactory to all the parties concerned, and greatly to the public advantage. It is important that the conditions be carefully devised, to provide for all probable contingencies, to protect the property, to keep alive and extend the interest of the donors, and to serve as a precedent for those interested in other branches of art and science who may be dis- posed to make like arrangements.

Mounted Birds

Mounted Mammals. . Fishes and Reptiles Skeletons ,

0,550 820

2,000 400

i

THE CAMEL.

27

Additions to the Museum of the Park have been made, a detailed statement of which will be found in the appendix ; among these is the complete skeleton of a whale, the donation of Peter Cooper. Esq., which has been carefully set up and is a very interesting feature of the Museum.

The Board has not been advised of any progress by the Xew York Historical Society toward establishing a Museum of Natural History and Gallery of Art, as authorized several years since by an Act of the Legis- lature.

Professor B. ^Yaterhouse Hawkins has been encased in advancing the group of fossil animals more fully alluded to in the last Annual Eeport, A very wide interest, both in this country and in Europe, has been excited among scientific men by this interesting and novel undertaking. The proceedings of the Commis- sioners of the Park in this matter have been alluded to, commented upon, and commended by scientific journals both at home and abroad, It would be difficult to in- sure too great care in the preservation of the wonderful remains of "animal organizations of past times that are from time to time discovered in different parts of the country. There are examples of fossil remains lying in public and private collections of the country, that, in the interest of science, should be utilized and placed

where they can readily be got at by those especially interested in this department of inquiry. It is very difficult, except through the offer of a reward in money, to impress upon those who, in excavation, casually come upon fossil remains, the importance of handling them with care : they are often, to them, nothing but old bones, and a stroke of the pick, or a scoop of the shovel may, in an instant, irrecoverably destroy or cast away a fragment that might serve to establish or refute received ideas of the past eras of our globe.

The great group of ancient animals formerly living during the secondary geological epoch on the continent of America, now being modeled and restored to the natural size and appearance of the animal as in life, by Mr. Hawkins, for the Central Park, consists of the gigantic Hadrosaurus of the exact dimensions (one twenty-six feet, the other thirty-nine feet, long), as proved by the fossils described by Dr. Joseph Leidy in the u Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, No. 192"; also models of "Laelap's Aquilunguis" fossils, described by Cope, together with the aquatic " Elasmos- aurus and Mosasaraus." The second division of the group will illustrate the post-tertiary period, and repre- sents the Mastodon, the Mammoth, Megatherium, Mega- lonyx, Glyptodon, etc., etc., thus uniting the early periods of animal life with the earliest evidence of

29

man's existence, and so constituting a complete visual history of the American continent from the dawn of creation to the present time.

The excavations for the structure for this department of the Museum are now going on at a point near the Eighth avenue, about one-half way between the Mer- chants' gate and Transverse road No. 1.

The Board has been exceedingly desirous to proceed with the Zoological Gardens, both because public ex- pectation looks for some development in this direction, and because of the much-needed accommodations for the growing collection of animals that are now insuffi- ciently and unsatisfactorily housed. As was stated in the reports of the Board several years since, the chief occasion of delay is the want of a proper outlet for the drainage of the ground, and the regulation of the streets and avenues about it. These are still essential re- quisites for proceeding with the work. A sewer has been commenced, which will in part accomplish this desideratum, but it will probably be at least a year before it is fully completed. The avenues and streets that surround these grounds are in such a state as to render them almost impossible of approach, and ex- tensive excavation and filling is now going on in the vicinity. With these difficulties to contend with, over which the Commissioners of the Park have no control,

30

they have done as much work in the last year as seemed practicable. Nearly two- thirds of the foundation wall is, on the west line of the square, complete. The pre- paratory excavation for the habitations of the large group of northern carnivora represented by the genus ursus, or the Bears, with their allied genera, has been made at the southwest angle of the Zoological grounds. At this point are also commenced the accommodations for the Polar Bears, the Walrus, Seals, Sea Lions, etc., specimens of cetaceous, and also for the aquatic rodents, such as Capybare, Beaver, etc. In these, as in all other habitations for the animals of the Gardens, every arrange- ment that will conduce to their healthfulness, and to the facility and convenience of observing them, will be provided, and it is hoped that in the outset the knowl- edge of the needs of various classes of animals may be so thorough, and the skill in utilizing this knowledge for the purposes required may be so marked and suc- cessful, as to avoid much of the expensive alterations and changes in plan, that have characterized during the last half century the experiences of most of the Euro- pean gardens, and that by the time these habitations are ready for occupancy, some of the ways of approach to the Gardens may be passable. Some progress has also been made in the preparation of designs and models for the houses for tropical carnivora, and each class of

31

animals, in the order of its relative importance, will be located and properly housed and provided for. A schedule is annexed, showing the animals given during the year. Among the most prominent of these are :

From Professor Joseph Henry, Secretary Smithsonian Institute, two Brazilian Ostriches.

From Dr. D. J. Macgowan, of China, one Black-boned Cock, from the interior of China — a rare bird, the species of which was supposed to be extinct many years since.

From A. J. Dovale, Esq., three Penelopes.

From Capt. William Brown, one Zebu.

From Lt.-Col. H. S. Gansevoort, U. S. A., one Whiteheaded Eagle.

From Col. Philip Figyelmesy, United States Consul, Demerara, W. I., one Puma, two Spider Monkeys, and two Toucans.

From D. W, Maclachlan, Esq., one Mexican Deer.

From Thomas H. Molloy, Esq., United States Consul, St. Johns ; X. B., one Hood Seal.

From Hon. John T. Deweese, one Black Bear.

From Capt. X. Collins, U. S. X., five African Plants.

From Maj.-Gren. W. S. Hancock, U. S. A., two Cinna- mon Bears.

From Charles M. Rice, Esq., London, one pair of Black Swans.

From B. Valentine, Esq., two Mexican Deer. From Dr. A. A\r. Bitter, a Herbarium of 107 specimens of Alga3.

From General William Myers, U. S. A., one Grizzly Bear.

From W. B. Dinsmore, Esq., two Angora Goats. From Hon. Samuel J. Tilden, 5G8 Trout. From Messrs. Williams and Hoadley, one Fat-tailed ^ Sheep, from Syria.

The animals at the Park are temporarily housed, as comfortably as circumstances admit, until the permanent houses of ^le Gardens arc completed.

The collection is already quite extensive, and equals, both in numbers and in manner of exhibition, some of those of Europe.

THE ELEFHANT.

33

In an appendix will be found a statement of the living birds and animals in captivity at the Park during the year.

The Meteorological Observatory, authorized by the Legislature, has, during the last year, attained a degree of excellence that probably is not surpassed by any institution of the character in the country. The climatic conditions are noted by self-registering instruments in- vented and constructed by Mr. Daniel Draper. The registrations are those of the thermometer — wet and dry bulb — and barometer, by the photographic process; of the force, velocity, and direction of the wind, and the rain-fall by automatic machinery.

Thus the weather each day leaves, by its own action, an enduring picture of itself, complete and accurate, presenting a marked contrast to the ordinary methods of weather observation. The records of the Observatory are frequently sought for to determine legal controversies, are given weekly to the newspapers for publication, and are forwarded to kindred institutions. Tabulations of the weather are given in an appendix hereto.

The plans of the proposed Astronomical Observatory

have been much discussed ; and extensive inquiry and

examination has been made into the designs adopted for

similar institutions. The location of the Observatory

has been also the subject of examination, in order that 4

34

the use of the instruments may not hereafter be obstructed by the atmospheric and mechanical obstacles that are liable to occur in the vicinity of large cities. A site on the Great Hill seems, all things considered, to be the least objectionable. Before proceeding with any constructions for astronomical observations, it will be essential that the extent and scope of the field to be occupied shall be distinctly determined. Whether these observations are - to be of a popular character, or whether they shall be conducted in the direction of physical investigation, such as observations on the spectra of the stars, and on the nature of the sun and planets, etc., or whether the aim shall be, as in the Paris and Pulkova Observatories, by the aid of a sufficient number of assistants, to make the merometrical observations and the mathematical calcula- tions that are essential to determine the movements and position of the heavenly bodies. It seems at present that the operations of the Observatory will, in addition to its popular features, be in the direction of physical research. The Director, Professor Henry Draper, M.D., proposes to mount his new silvered glass reflector of 28 inches aperture under the central dome. This instrument, which is unrivaled in size in America, will give the great- est facilities for spectroscopic and photographic observa- tion, as well as for those examinations which involve large light-collecting power. This telescope is of the Carse-

35

granian form, and is intended to be mounted as an equatorial.

The Board has, for several years, maintained a part of its offices for the transaction of business in apartments outside the Park. The necessity for more ample accom- modations for the forces employed in the various depart- ments has long been apparent. Thus far rooms in old buildings of the Park have been used, although neither comfortable nor convenient ; the increase of donated animals and specimens is now such as to leave insufficient room for the offices of the Board and for its working necessities. The accumulation of tools and machinery necessary to carry on its operations in numerous depart- ments, is such as to require extensive shelter to preserve them from damage by exposure to the weather.

After careful reflection on the whole subject, with the view of securing convenient provision of offices for the Board, and of rooms for its professional and other employees, a central point has been selected on the Park upon which to erect offices of Park administration ; the site proposed thus to be used is along the northerly end and westerly side of the Old Croton Reservoir, and between that and the New Reservoir. These offices and the bureau operations of the Park, including the engi- neering, architectural, and gardening apartments, will be

3G

accessible from the Park on the west, and will commu- nicate with the Park-keepers' and mechanical and labor departments, situate on Transverse road Xo. 3, and north of the Old Reservoir, so that all the operations of the Board under cover will be connected and subject to read)' and convenient supervision and control.

The shops for repairs to machinery and tools, for painting, carpentry, blacksmith, and other necessary mechanical work, are immediately on the Transverse road, so that all materials and supplies may be got to them without passing through the Park.

The stables, and the sheds for storing wagons, derricks, carts, sleds, rollers, trucks, barrows, sprinklers, and other machinery and materials, will also be located in the immediate vicinity on the Transverse road, on the north side of the Old Reservoir, to the eastward of the mechanics' rooms.

This position is central, will be easily accessible from all parts of the Park, and, with one minor storage depot at either end of the Park, will constitute an arrangement probably the most economical of time in going to and from the work that is possible ; the space proposed to be occupied is secluded from the rest of the Park, and is the most convenient and least objectionable site for buildings to accommodate the multifarious operations that can be selected.

37

It is probable that the portion of the Park offices now at the Museum will this year be moved from thence to the buildings at Mount St. Vincent.

Xo department of town ornamentation or improve- ment has of late received more attention than that of street pavements, involving both the walks for pedes- trians and the carriage-way. In this country and abroad, the ability of inventors, and the genius of specu- lators has been prolific of methods to insure a satisfactory street surface ; some of the schemes have ripened into patents, never to be useful, having developed their worthlessness on trial; others are undergoing probation.

It is unfortunate that large sums of money should be expended to arrive at the conclusion that a given experimental pavement is valueless, when the same fact might have been established at a trifling expense. The ways of the great cities of Europe a century and a half ago were generally without pavements : this state of things yielded to the cobble pavement as in our own city : and wooden pavements, of divers sorts, tar and gravel, and concretes of various mixture, divers forms of stone, asphalt, coal-tar. and bitumen — all are claiming attention to their respective merits. The Board have thought it a duty to test within the Park grounds such of these pavements as seemed likely to prove advantageous, at a

38

limited expense and on a limited scale, in order that the best method might be selected for the surfacing of the avenues under its charge. The requirements of a satis- factory pavement are much greater than formerly. Comparative noiselessness, freedom from mud and dust, as well as economy of price, are now essential requisites. The best examples of pavement are to be found in the city of Paris. In making experiments on this class of improvements, as adapted to the varying conditions of our climate, it will be the aim of the Board to insure reliable results, and to prevent, as far as in its power, the use of any of its agencies for advertising any scheme - or speculation in any department.

It will be remembered that during last summer the water supply in the city was very deficient, and some alarm, probably unnecessary, as to the future supply was occasioned by the annovances of this state of things. Attention was thus very generally called to the subject of street sprinkling.

The amount of rain that fell in the year 1860 was less than in either of the two previous years. In the month of August, 18G9, the quantity that fell was l.TG inches. In August, 1S67. there fell 7.93 inches, in the same month of 1868, 7.58 inches. Owing to the unusually low condi- tion of the supply of Croton water, the Board ceased, at

39

the request of the Water Board, to use the Croton water for sprinkling, and resorted to the water of the Lakes, filling the sprinkling casks by the use of pumps.

The sprinkling of the Drive of the Park is a work of large expense. Statistics of the number of tons of water hauled and delivered on the roadway were given in the Eleventh Annual Report. The original method of doing this work in this country is the primitive one of filling casks on two-wheeled trucks, and delivering the water from them through a perforated pipe.

Modifications of this method have been made, the prin- cipal advantage of which is to enable the driver of the horse attached to the truck, to regulate the quantity of water delivered.

The trucks now chiefly in use on the Park are four- wheeled, but the main part of the expense — that of haul- ing over the roads the necessary weight of water — is still required, though proportionally somewhat dimin- ished by the measures already adopted. The Board caused to be imported from Paris one of the street- sprinklers in use there : it is a flexible hose, mounted on several pairs of small wheels, so that the hose may be readily moved about, without the wear that would be occasioned by its immediate contact with the ground. It is found that the use of this machine, though advan- tageous at some points, is not in the present condition

40

of wages, productive of economy. The work can "be done cheaper by the old cart-sprinkling system. As the wetting of streets to keep down the dust is found to be a necessity to prevent the destruction of goods exposed to its influence, the actual damage to property by dust being very considerable, and as modern ideas of comfortable street movement are not satisfied with surroundings of clouds of dust, it is very desirable that some other method of dealing with the difficulty in the Park and throughout the city be found that is less cum- bersome, inconvenient, and expensive. It appears that in Liverpool and London, experiments have been made in this direction with some degree of success. A com- pound, consisting of well-known deliquescent salts, chlorides of calcium and sodium, mixed with water, has been tried on the streets of those cities. It is delivered on the roads in the usual methods of sprinkling. A patent has been taken out for it in England and for its application to the purpose of road- watering. It is said to render one sprinkling more effective and enduring than several of pure water, and that the application of these salts has produced a most important effect upon the surface of macadamized roads, hardening and con- creting the material in such a manner that, when it is perfectly dry, no dust whatever arises from the passage of ordinary traffic. The salts are claimed to be harm-

41

less, inodorous and anti-corrosive, and of service in the quantity of water saved and in their effect on the main- tenance of the roads. The Board has imported a few tons of these salts with the view of experimenting there- with when the proper season arrives.

It will be a most important accession to the comforts of city life if an inexpensive method can be secured for preventing dust on the thoroughfares of business or pleasure traffic.

Some documents containing interesting information on the subject of these salts are appended to this re- port.

The Board has concluded an arrangement for an effi- cient, comfortable, and economical carriage-service for the Park.

Ten commodious carriages have been built with ex- press reference to the accommodation of visitors to the Park. They are fitted up and kept with great neatness and care, and provide for the comfort of passengers both in sunshine and in rain. The drivers are careful men, in uniform, and all are under the control of the Park Commissioners. The rate of fare for going around the Park is twenty-five cents. During the skating season, when snow is on the ground, the fare from the southerly gates to the Lake is fixed at five cents.

42

This service was commenced on the first day of June, and has been regularly continued, affording a great public convenience, and an exemption to strangers and others from the annoyances to which they had been subject in carriages hired outside the Park.

The total number of passengers carried from June 1, to and including December 31, was sixty- eight thousand five hundred and fifty-seven. The total receipts for fares were $17,139 . 25. By the terms of the agreement the Board is to receive a license-fee on each of these carriages annually. It is expected that during the com- ing year other forms of carriages for one, two, or four persons will be placed on the Park under the same management.

The use of the drives and walks of the Park is so great as to demand constant attention and reparation of their surface. Ten thousand three hundred and ninety- seven cubic yards of gravel were required during the year, being an increase of two thousand nine hundred and ninety-one yards over the previous year. The washing of the steeper portions of the ways by heavy showers is sometimes extensive, requiring a consider- able expenditure for repairs. Some method of fixing the surfaces more permanently, will have to be gradually adopted.

43

The musical entertainments have been conducted as usual, with some occasional, but yet not a sufficient in- crease of the number of the performers. The attendance and interest of visitors continue undiminished.

The regularity of the recurrence of these out-of-door concerts have given them the character of an established entertainment during the season within which they are limited.

By the liberality of the contractors for the supply of mineral waters for the Park, an excellent band per- formed weekly for eight weeks at the Springs, at the northerly part of the Green.

The Board hope to be able to provide a still larger band during the next year.

The number and time of occurrence of concerts on the Mall were as follows :

I \

MUSIC

I 850a

IS GO.

July 9 Aug. 25

" 23 Sept. 1

" 30 " 8

Aug. (> " 15

•• 20 " '22

" 27 " 20

Sept. 3 Oct. l:-t

" 10

Oct. 1

" 15

27

Nov. IS

1S61.

Aug. 10 » 17 « 04 " 31 Sept. 7 " 14 " 21 " 28 5 12

Oct.

1802.

1SG3.

July

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

May 30

June 6

" 13

" 20

" 27

July 4

" 11

" 18

" 25

Aug. 1

" 8

" 15

" 22

" 29

Sept. 5

» 12

" 26

Oct. 3

" 10

" 17

1804.

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Evenj July

1805.

Jun

July

Sept.

Oct.

1866.

June

1SG7.

2 June

9

July

" 14 " 21 i( 28

Aug. 4 " 11 " 18 " 25

Sept. 1 8

" 15 » 22 » 29 0 13 20 27

Oct.

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

1SGS.

June 0

May 29 13 June 5

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

1SS9.

July

12 19

26 3 5

" ]0 " 17 " 21 " 28 " 31

Aug. 7 " 11 " J4 " 18 " 21 " 25 " 28

Sept. 1 4

" 11 " 15 " 18

Oct.

TOTAL NUMBER OF MUSIC DAYS.

1859 10

I860 9

1861 10

1862 21

1863 20

1864...- 26

1865 30

1366 23

1867 33

1868 1 21

1869 30

45

The number of Boats has been increased by the addition of eight. There are now thirty-five on the waters of the Park.

They are chiefly confined to the Lake, but occasionally one has been put on the Harlem Lake.

The number of passengers carried was 125,980, during the year 1869. being an increase of 33,8-19 over the year 1868, and the largest number ever carried. The follow- ing table shows the number of passengers carried during the year :

BOATS.

	CALL BOATS.	PASSAGE BOATS.
For the week endi	ng April	24	119	271
		May	1	355	741
it it	tt		8	225
			15	6351^	2,863
it a	tt	tt	9 9	554 "	1,5691^
			29		4,206
	tt	June		755	3,200
tt it			12	935 %	5,832
			19	1,137"	5,516
tt tt			26	1,062	4.114
i< (<	ft	July	3	1,153	4,234l<
tt tt			10	2.698	9,808 "
	tt		17	1,231	5,007i,<
			24	1.735K	5,5691?
tt tt			31	1,-12 Si.?	4,9671?
u ft	tt	Aug.	7	1,399	5,821
tt tt	tt		14	1,923*.<	5,502
a tt			21	6541?	3,240^
tt ft	tt	tt	28	1,7821?	4,109
tt tt		Sept.	4	1,420}?	4,480
tt ti	tt	11	927 ~	4,2521^
tt tt			18	1,085)^	4,647
		tt	25	674	2,654
tt tt	ft	Oct.	Q	446	1,476^
tt tt		tt	9	322	1,482
tt tt			16	138	6041/
			23	229}4	1,020
		tt	30	176 "	645l.<
	tt	Xov.	6	65	294^1
				31	611?

Totals

27,216}^

98,7631^

40

The total amount derived from tlicse passengers by the contractor during the year was $14,661. The total expense of conducting these boats was $12,682.95.

A Boat-house for the protection and storage of the boats and boatmen is needed, and it is expected will be provided next year.

The system laid down by the Board for the use of the Play-ground by the children of the public schools con- tinues to work most satisfactorily. It admits of the use of the Plav-oTOund by the children who brino; a certificate of good standing and regular attendance, and operates as an incentive to good behavior at the schools ; it is so general in its character that no exclusiveness obtains, and results in occupying the grounds of the southerly part of the Park to the full extent that is admissible.

BOYS1 PLAY GROUND.

47

There has been a considerable increase in the atten- dance of the girls upon their ground for the play of croquet.

The effort has been made to classify the younger portion of the community in their Park sports. The boys have their separate grounds, with the necessary buildings for balls, bats, clothes, &c, and the girls have their separate grounds and building, with an attendant, for their accommodation.

The smaller children have, at still another part of the Park, their shelter and running stretch, their play-ground and swings, and other paraphernalia for amusement.

Visitors have the opportunity of witnessing the play of the children, and discreet Park-keepers are detailed to prevent any improper intrusion upon them.

The Children's Department of the Park has be.en the subject of constant attention on the part of the Board, and their convenience, amusement, and comfort have been attended to in such wise as to lead to a very general use of the Park by them.

Small carriages for children, drawn by goats, are hereafter to be provided for Park use. One is already

48

established and running about the walks, and is often laden with a prattling freight,

GOAT CARRIAGE.

A chair of comfortable dimensions and of easy movement, with an attendant, has been kept stationed at the Artists' gate for the purpose of moving invalids about the Park at a reasonable rate, and others will be added as they are found to be used or required.

The Springs, an elegant structure from which mineral waters are dispensed, has been successfully conducted, and is a very inviting and useful institution.

The amount of the sales of mineral waters at these Springs during the past year amounted to $6,251.75.

A small photographic house, where visitors can have portraits and pictures taken, and also for the sale of

49

photographic pictures of the Park, has been permitted. The revenue derived from the person licensed for the purpose of taking these pictures on the Park was $919, of which a percentage is to be paid to the Board.

group in stone— auld LANG SYNE by Bobert Thompson.

5

50

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51

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saasaaMsass— « — -aasasasssassaaaasaa— — i .......,..j5......„...,„.....„.,.jj„..	1
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52

The game of Curling played on the ice is especially in favor with those of Scotch nativity, and is rapidly becom- ing more general and popular. It has been played in Scotland for centuries, and there are four hundred and fourteen clubs in connection with the Royal Caledonian Curling Club. There are also many clubs in Canada, and they arc rapidly spreading over the Northern States.

The game affords active exercise, and the discipline and order of the clubs are generally excellent.

The number of lives lost throughout the country, and in the small ponds outside, but in the immediate neigh- borhood of the Park, from persons going upon the ice when it is of insufficient strength, justifies the precautions taken by the Board to insure safety in this respect.

From the commencement of the opening the Lakes for skating not one life has been lost on the Park, nor Jias one serious accident of this nature occurred.

The number of visitors at the Park continues undimin- ished. The tables given with this report show the attendance at the Park for the year, and for six years past, at each gate ; the attendance for each month ; also the Sunday attendance.

The increased valuations in each of the three wards surrounding the Park for fourteen years, as well as the increased amount of taxes raised in these wards, are shown in the following tables :

CO

Oo

Ward.	ls.ia.	1857.	1858.	1859.	1860.
Twelfth Nineteenth .... Twenty-second.. Totals	88,149,360 8,041,183 10,239,022	$8,134,013 8,558,624 10,489,454	$8,476,890 10,971,775 11,563,506	$10,062,725 12,621,894 13,261,025	$11,857,114 16,830,472 14,775,440
"$26,129,565	$27', 182,091	$31,012,171	$35,945,644	$43,463,026
Ward.	1861.	1862.	1863.	1861.	1865^
Twelfth Nineteenth Twenty-second.. Totals	812,454,375 16,986,152 17,666,866	$13,100,385 17,903,137 18,041,857	$14,134,825 19,003,452 18,281,222	$15,493,575 20,462,607 18,756,276	$18,134,805 23,070,890 19,824,265
$47,107,393	$49,045,379	f§5 1,4 19.499	$54,712,458	$61,029,960
Ward.	1866.	1867.	1868.	1869.
Twelfth Nineteenth Twenty -second. . Totals Showing a tots Wards, from ]	$18,381,650 37,636,050 Z4,U0 1, i 1 O	$24,940,737 46,249,3-10 OA Ol ^ Old «>u,y 1 J4t 1	$28,143,005 53,608,040 OO, I 10, I bO	$42,648,865 59,912,633 4 i ,ODO, J4o
$80,070,415 ll increased L856 to 1869,	$102,105,317 valuation in of	$117,926,230 these three	$150,224,74? 26,429,565 $123,795,178

* The area occupied by the Park on One Hundred and Sixth street was- dropped from the assessment books this year, the last tax collected on it being: that of 1855.

f The area occupied by the Park from One Hundred and Sixth to One Hun- dred and Tenth street was dropped from the assessment books this year.

54

The rate of tax for the year 18G9 is 2.27, yielding on the increased valuation above stated an increased tax of $2,810,150.54.

The total expenditure for construction from May

1, 1857, to January 1, 1870, is $5,775,387 14

The cost of the land of the Park to the city is. ... 5,028,844 10 Total cost of Park to the city up to this time, $10,804/231 24

Total increased tax in three wards $2,810,150 54

The annual interest on the cost of the land and improvement of the Park up to this time, at six per cent $648,253 87

Deduct one per cent, on $399,300 of the above stock issued at five per

cent 3,993 00

052,246 87

Excess of increased tax in three wards over interest

on cost of land and improvements $2,157,903 67

Far above and beyond these pecuniary benefits to property in its immediate neighborhood, are the social and sanitary and educational advantages of the Park to the people of the whole country. As the plans of the Board are developed in various departments, larger

55

numbers become specially interested in the progress, and seek the advantages offered.

COLUMBUS.

A gentleman distinguished alike as a merchant and as an admirer and liberal patron of art, Hon. Marshall 0. Roberts, has presented a colossal statue in marble of Christopher Columbus, a most successful and impressive representation of the great discoverer and intrepid navi- gator, executed at the request of Mr. Roberts, by Miss

Emma Stebbins, at Rome. By this munificent liberality, a public, wider than that of this city, is laid under obligations to the donor, in that he has provided in the place of popular assembling of the metropolis of the continent, an enduring and continual injunction to keep in memory the boundless benefaction that has accrued to humanity through the struggles and the trials of this great captain. The correspondence in relation thereto will be found in the Appendix.

HUMBOLDT.

57

The occurrence of the day that measured one hundred years from the birth of the distinguished sage Alexander Vox Humboldt, inspired in many parts of the civilized world the desire to mark the centennial with appropriate testimonials of regard and veneration for his memory. The population of this city of German origin, with the cordial co-operation of those of other nationalities, responding to the enthusiasm that was awakened in the Fatherland on this subject, deemed it a proper occasion to rear in the Park a statue or bust of the great student of nature. The concurrence of the Park Commissioners was promptly extended, a prominent site was designated for the location of the bust, and the intention of the Commissioners expressed to make appropriate arrange- ments at the Park to fittingly distinguish the day of the celebration. A procession of civic societies was organ- ized by the gentlemen of the Humboldt Monument Com- mittee to march through the city to the Park, and the imposing ceremony of unveiling a faithful representation of Humboldt in bronze, the work of Professor Blaiser, of Berlin, took place at the Scholars7 gate in the presence of thousands of spectators. Yocal music by several of the German Choral societies, instrumental music by the band, and several addresses of felicitation gave an im- pressive and dignified character to the occasion. The circumstances of the celebration are more fully detailed in the Appendix.

58

A large number of gentlemen interested in the subject of musical culture and education, organized themselves as the Beethoven Centennial Festival, have asked of the Board permission to use a portion of the Park grounds to be designated by the Board for the erection of a commodious structure in which to celebrate, by appro- priate musical exercises, the centennial of the birth of the great musical composer Beethoven, which occurs the next year.

These gentlemen are impressed with the public advan- tages of a series of musical entertainments of a refined character, contemplating a participation of the highest talent, and that the exercises would occupy and interest the whole musical public of the country. The plans of the structure proposed are to be submitted to the Board for approval.

The Board, desiring to respond to a movement that has so meritorious an object, have these plans now under consideration.

A plan has been submitted, with a communication appended thereto, by the landscape architects of the Board, for a re-arrangement of the Sixth and Seventh Avenue approaches at the Park, at Fifty-ninth street, and a design for structures at the Artists' and Artizans? gateways (Fifty-ninth street and Sixth and Seventh avenues), has also been presented.

59

At the request of Professor Joseph Henry, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institute, the Board presented to the Government Hospital for the Insane at Washington, a pair of the Park swans, which have been duly acknow- ledged.

The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institute has kindly directed to the Central Park several valuable animals intended as donations to the Institute, and for which it had no accommodations.

A requisition was made on the Comptroller of the city, on the 16th November last, for the moneys pro- vided by Chapter 350 of the Laws of 1869, to defray the expenses of erecting a monument to commemorate the services of the soldiers and sailors of New York county in the war for the preservation of the Union. These moneys have not yet been received.

GO

The number of arrests for the year is less than for any one of the previous six }^ears. These arrests were for the causes specified in the following schedule :

AEEESTS.

Months.	1863.	1804.	18G5.	1 8G6.	1867.	18G8.	18G9.
	18	2	8	1	5	8	2
	5	G	11	4	2	10	1
	5	10	1	G	5	12	4
	8	7	3	10	7	11	8
May	13	30	17	17	19	8	9
	11	8	11	10	14	15	9
July	3	18	1G	17	13	11	12
August . .	1	17	15	17	15	9	12
	5	13	11	9	20	13	9
October	5	7	G	9	19	2	5
	7	6 .	7	7	3	6	4
	5	G	9	3	1 5	1	3
Totals	8G	130	115	110	127	106	78

Gl

CAUSES.

Causes.	1863.	18(54.	1865.	1866.	1867.	1868.	1869.
	47	63	60	52	57	58	37
	1	5	3	I	0	2	0
Breaking shrubs and flowers	9	2	0	2	1	1	1
	1	6	6	1	5	12	0
	1	6	1	2	2	0	3
	23	48	34	31	41	31	31
Interfering with an officer. .	0	0	0	4	U	1	1
	0	0	0	3	2	0	0
Impersonating an officer. ...	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
	4	0	11	13	19	1	5
Totals	86	130	115	110	127	106	78

The penalties imposed upon those arrested and taken before the magistrate, during the year, were as follows :

Fined ten dollars and less each 46

Committed for ten days or less each 9

Bound over for trial 4

Sent to the House of Correction or Asylum 2

Discharged with reprimand or otherwise 17

Total 78

Forty-nine children have been returned to their friends, their homes, or sent to the police stations during the year.

The sheep are still very attractive, as an interesting addition to the landscape, and receive a good share of attention from those engaged in breeding these useful

G2

animals. Sales of surplus sheep and their wool have been made during the year to the extent of $255.53.

The amount of grass sold during the year was 1,846 loads, for which $2,766.75 were received ; besides this, sufficient grass, and about 75 tons of hay, was reserved to maintain the animals in the Zoological Gardens and those kept for Park works.

3,336 cart loads of manure have been gathered from the drive and put in the way of use for fertilizing pur- poses. No purchases of fertilizers have been made for the Park this year.

The Board has received as interest on deposit of funds at its control for the past year the sum of $845.64.

The receipts from sales of the products of the Park during the past year were :

Prom the Pound $205 75

" sale of grass 2,766 75

" " sheep 976 00

" " wool 255 53

" " trees and plants 1,105 00

" animals, etc 93 38

" old material 79 35

" " licenses to hire skates and boats 1,000 00

" rent of house 37 50

For removing broken vehicles to arsenal 93 50

$6,612 70

The total cost of maintaining the Park last year was in excess over the previous year, being chiefly in the cost of means taken to prevent the washing of the walks.

63

The details of the cost of maintenance are given in the Treasurers accounts.

The subject of providing a parade-ground within the limits of the city for the military of the First Division N. G. S. N. Y. has been again brought to public attention, and his Excellency the Governor of the State has expressed a strong desire to aid in securing such a ground.

In answer to a request from the Governor, a commu- nication has been transmitted to him expressing the views of the Board relative thereto. The communication of the Governor and the response thereto are given in the Appendix.

WORKS OUTSIDE THE PAEK.

THE ROAD OR PUBLIC DRIVE FROM FIFTY-NINTH STREET TO OXE HUNDRED AXD FIFTY-FIFTH STREET.

The work of regulating and grading this important avenue has been prosecuted during the past year with unabated energy, and great progress has been made.

Since September 21, 1868, when the work of grading commenced, the total expenditure on this account has been $667,926,54.

Towards payment of this amount, $650,000 has been received from the Comptroller of the city, and $20,166.68

04

has been realized from the sale of buildings, fences, trees, etc., included in and taken for the opening of the road. Though there are some obstacles to be surmounted, hopes are entertained that almost or quite the whole line of the road will be regulated and considerable portion of it open for public travel on or before January 1, 1871, but the great extent of the work, which is almost five miles long and one hundred and fifty feet wide, requiring for its regulation the excavation and removal of more than 350,000 cubic yards of rock and earth, and the finding and filling in of about 300,000 cubic yards of material in addition, necessarily requires much time.

An average force of over 710 men has been engaged on it during all working days of the year 1869.

In addition to the amount of regulating and grading which has been done, curb-stones have been set, founda- tion road-bed has been prepared, and temporary side- walks laid in a large portion of the space between Fifty-ninth street and Seventy-ninth street.

A large portion of this avenue lies along an ancient and much-used road, and every reasonable effort has been made to avoid incommoding the occupants along the line with the processes of the work, and constant exertion has been made to insure the progress of the sewers, gas and water pipes, by the authorities having charge of these respective works while the work of exca- vating and filling was in progress.

65

To prevent any further disturbance of the carriage- way, and facilitate and cheapen the necessary connections with the houses on this line, arrangements have been made to lay the sewers and the water and the gas pipes under the capacious sidewalks, at a sufficient distance from the house line to make the connections easy, and. at the same time, to avoid any inconvenience to the occu- pants of houses when occasion requires that these conduits should be repaired.

THE CIRCLE AT BROADWAY, FIFTY-XIXTH STREET AND EIGHTH AVENUE.

This capacious area has been so far improved and developed as to show somewhat of the ultimate design of the work which has been continued during a large part of the past year, and it is nearly completed.

It was found, on careful instrumental examination, that the portions of the avenue and streets that formed part of the area of the circle had never been reduced to the proper grade, and that rock, usually required to be taken out two feet below the final surface, had been removed but a few inches below the surface, thus ren- dering necessary a large amount of an expensive charac- ter of blasting.

The centre sidewalks and carriage-way have been graded, and the preparations for the final surface almost completed.

GG

A massive curb has been set around it, and the trees have also been planted.

If there had been no delay in the alteration of the railroad tracks crossing the circle by the companies owning them, the work might have proceeded more rapidly, and the expense and inconvenience of doing work under the disadvantages arising from the tardy action and non-action of the railroad companies would have been avoided. The track of the Belt Eoacl has been removed and replaced in the desired position. The track of the Eighth avenue road still remains an obstacle to the completion of this important area.

THE SEVENTH AVENUE, NORTH OF THE CENTRAL PARK.

The work of regulating and grading this avenue has been continuously prosecuted under contracts ; 244,980 cubic yards of rock have been excavated, and 71,400 cubic yards of earth have been removed and filled in.

The total payments on this work up to December 31, 1869, were $330,39 6.70: this does not include a balance of reserved per centage under the contracts.

It was hoped that during the year 1869 it would be practicable to construct the sewers in the avenue, so that it need not be broken up hereafter for such purpose, but it was found, when the plans for them were received from the Croton Aqueduct Board in May last, that to carry drainage to the rivers no outlet sewers existed, or were

67

contracted for, and that until after they were built, the construction of sewers in Seventh or Sixth avenues would be much more costly in consequence thereof, while they would be useless until after the outlets were constructed.

The Board has no control in the matter of the sewers in this district, except those in the Sixth and Seventh avenues and the streets between those avenues, and decided to delay the sewerage of the avenue until the necessary outlets were constructed by the Croton Aque- duct Department : taking into consideration, in this conclusion, the fact that, by placing the sewers in the sidewalks, as intended, no inconvenience to the carriage- way will hereafter be experienced.

THE SIXTH AVENUE, NORTH OF THE CENTRAL PARK.

The work of regulating and grading this avenue has progressed steadily during the past year, and is fast approaching completion.

When work was commenced there were but 21,000 cubic yards of material above grade, and 284,000 cubic yards of filling were required. Fears were entertained by many persons that to obtain the required amount of filling would procrastinate the completion for several years, and entail great expense on the property. For- tunately, such arrangements have been made as to secure the material required for the avenue at a moderate cost.

08

The total amount of work clone on it since July V, 1 80S, when the grading began, lias been 20,500 cubic yards of earth, and G15 cubic yards of rock excavated and removed from above grade and filled into parts below grade, 179,395 cubic yards of material procured outside the avenue and filled in, in addition to the above, and 198 lineal feet of culvert built.

The amount of work now remaining to be completed is about 83,000 cubic yards of filling, to obtain the greater part of which contracts and other arrangements have been made, and it is expected that the grading may be so far completed by June next as that the curb and gutter stones may be then set, the trees planted, the sidewalks flagged, and the road-way completed from One Hundred and Tenth street to the Harlem River.

The expenditure thus far on this account has amounted to $160,226.70, or equal to 83.04 cents per cubic yard for the filling procured, including all expenses.

THE AVENUE ST. NICHOLAS AND MANHATTAN STREET WIDENING AND EXTENDING.

The proceedings for acquiring title to the land required for these improvements having been confirmed by the Supreme Court on the twenty-fourth day of May, 1869, the Board, at the request of the owners of property on the Avenue St. Nicholas, has caused the necessary sur- veys to be made for regulating and grading the same

69

from One Hundred and Twenty-fifth street to One Hun- dred and Fifty-fifth street, and has contracted and com- menced the work. It was thought wiser not to begin the regulating the avenue between One Hundred and Tenth street and One Hundred and Twenty-fifth street until after the Sixth avenue and Seventh avenue, from One Hundred and Tenth street to One Hundred and Twenty- fifth street, could be graded and put in fit condition for public travel, on the ground that the needed work would seriously interfere with travel on Harlem Lane, which is embraced in the Avenue St. Nicholas, north of One Hun- dred and Tenth street, and is now the main thoroughfare to and from the northerly end of Central Park.

ONE HUNDRED AXD FORTY-FIFTH STREET, BETWEEN SIXTH AXD SEVENTH AVENUES.

A good outlet for travel from the upper end of the Sixth avenue appearing to the Board to be much needed, and opportunity offering to obtain filling at a reasonable cost, a contract was made in May last for regulating and grading One Hundred and Forty-fifth street, from the Sixth avenue to the Seventh avenue, under authority of Chapter 564 of Laws of 1865.

It is to be regretted that no contract has yet been made for regulating and grading the street west of Seventh avenue, as it is deemed very important that a good cross-road should be worked from the Sixth avenue

70

to the North River at this place. The Board caused pro- ceedings to be taken for opening One Hundred and Forty-fifth street, from the Hudson to the Harlem river, for such purpose, but its power to cause the street to be worked and improved is confined to the portion of it that lies between the Sixth and Seventh avenues.

The amount of 28,000 cubic yards of filling has been put in this street, and about 7,000 cubic yards more are required to complete the work.

ONE HUNDRED 'AND TWENTY-SEVENTH STREET, BETWEEN SIXTH AND SEVENTH AVENUES.

Deeming it important that streets between the Sixth and Seventh avenues, that had been legally opened, should be regulated and graded as soon as it could be cheaply done, by material already on them, or by the surplus of the Seventh avenue, the Board, in September last, ordered the regulating and grading of One Hundred and Twenty-seventh street, between the points mentioned, as there was material on it sufficient to do the work. About 3,000 cubic yards of material has been excavated and removed, and about 500 yards remain to be done.

NORTH END.

During the early part of the year 18G9, the Commis- sioners of the Central Park laid out several miles of streets and avenues, and established grades for them in

71

pursuance of Chapter 565 of Laws of 1865, in that part of the city between One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street and Inwood street, and in the month of May caused three similar maps, showing the streets and roads so laid out, as well as those laid out in previous years by them, and the grades established for them, to be filed as provided by law ; suitable and durable monuments have been erected to designate them where deemed necessary.

Since the filing of the above-mentioned maps, the Board has laid out between thirteen and fourteen miles of streets in the part of the city north of Inwood street, and the continuation thereof to the Harlem river, and the setting of the monuments to designate them is in progress, as also are the maps showing the grades for them.

Probably more than seven-eighths of all the needed laying out of public streets, roads, and places north of One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street have been determined on, and the work necessary for making and filing the final maps is now in progress.

The Eleventh avenue, from the road or public drive, near One Hundred and Fifty-sixth street to the street leading from Inwood street to the Harlem river, has been ordered to be opened, and the Supreme Court appointed James M. Sweeny, Henry A. Smith, and Emanuel B. Hart,

72

Commissioners for that purpose, on the third day of November, 1869.

The Commissioners appointed by the Supreme Court in the year 18G8, to assess the damage and benefit by opening the square or public place around the new Croton Reservoir near High Bridge, have made their report, and it was confirmed by the Supreme Court on the eighteenth day of October last, and the twenty-first day of the same month was appointed for the actual opening thereof to take place. The cost of this land was $483,622, of which §323,463 is to be paid by the city, and $160,159 was assessed on property benefited.

During the last session of the Legislature a bill was p issed by the Senate and Assembly discontinuing the part of the road or public drive heretofore laid out by the Board between One Hundred and Fifty-sixth street and the lands of the Institution for the Blind, and substi- tuting another route for it between those points ; the bill, however, failed to become a law, having been vetoed by the Governor, after consideration of the subject by him, at the request of many of the owners of property inter- ested in the lands fronting on the original route, as laid out by the Board.

WEST SIDE.

Under authority of Chapter 697 of Laws of 1867, the Board has, at the request of the owners of property,

73

ordered proceedings to be taken to acquire title to the following streets laid out and retained under said Chapter:

One Hundred and Fifty-third street, from Tenth avenue to Hudson river ; One Hundred and Twenty- fifth street, from Ninth avenue to road or public drive ; One Hundred and Fortieth street, from 350 feet east of Tenth avenue to Hudson river ; One Hundred and Tenth street, west of the Eighth avenue.

PUBLIC SQUARE, FIFTY-NINTH STREET AND FIFTH AVENUE.

The public place between Fifty-eighth street and Fifty- ninth street, on west side of Fifth avenue, having been acquired for public use by the confirmation by the Supreme Court of the report of the Commissioners of Estimate and Assessment, on the twenty-ninth day of May, 1869, the Board has caused the same to be filled in, preparatory to finally regulating and grading the same, The total valuation of this land was $533,530.50, of which $364,360 was assessed on property benefited, and the remainder on the city.

By Chapter 689 of Laws of 1869, the triangular piece of ground bounded by the road or public drive. Sixty- third street and Xinth avenue, is declared to be a public place, the same as if laid out in pursuance of Chapter 697 -of the Laws of 1867 ; and at the request of owners

74

interested in surrounding property, the Board, in June last, directed that proceedings should be taken for acquir- ing title to the land required for the same, but they have not yet been informed of the appointment of the Com- missioners of Estimate and Assessment by the Supreme Court.

BROADWAY WIDENING AND STRAIGHTENING, BETWEEN THIRTY-SECOND STREET AND FIFTY-NINTH STREET.

By Chapter 890 of the Laws of 1869, the Legislature devolved upon the Board the duty of laying out, locating, and establishing the easterly and westerly lines of Broad- way, between Thirty-fourth and Fifty-ninth streets, so as to make the same the width of one hundred feet, and also to straighten the same wherever practicable ; but that " no part of either the easterly or westerly lines, as so located and established, shall be more than one hundred feet from the street as now laid out and established,'7 and also "to make that part of Broadway between Thirty- second street and Thirty-fifth street, and that part between Forty-second street and Forty-seventh street, or any part or parts of either of the said parts of a greater width or widths than one hundred feet," and required that the work assigned to the Board should be performed within four months after the passage of the Act.

The lines for the widening and straightening were determined on by the Board, and maps and descriptions

75

showing them, were filed as required by law in Septem- ber last, thus completing the duties of the Board in this matter.

Commissioners of Estimate and Assessment, it is understood, have since then been appointed by the Supreme Court to assess the benefit and damage by such improvement.

WESTCHESTER COUNTY.

By an Act of the Legislature, passed May 11, 1869. the Board was authorized and required to cause all that part of Westchester county lying west of the New York, Harlem, and Albany Railroad, and south of the south line of the village of Yonkcrs, to be surveyed, and to report to the Legislature plans for laying out streets and roads in that district, and proper grades for the same ; and also for its sewerage and drainage, and supply of pure and wholesome water ; the improvement of the Harlem river and Spuytcn Duyvil creek, and the plan and location of all bridges, tunnels, and other means of transit over and across said river and creek ; likewise the consideration of the question of locating a bridge or carriage-way over or across the High Bridge of the Croton Aqueduct.

70

In fulfillment of the duly thus prescribed, the Board has commenced and is rapidly progressing with surveys over about three-fourths of the territory included in the terms of the law. It is intended that these surveys shall be comprehensive, accurate, and in sufficient detail to serve as a reliable basis for all future work of a material character required within this territory.

A careful examination of the sufficiency of the existing High Bridge to sustain a carrriage-way over it has been made, and also a preliminary examination of the sources of water supply that are to be relied on for the lower part of Westchester county.

Under the provisions of the law the sum of $10,000 was certified by the Board to the Supervisors of the county of New York as necessary to be raised in the city of New York toward defraying the expenses of sur- veys, etc., in relation to bridges, tunnels, and other improvements across and in the Harlem river and Spuy- ten Duyvil creek, and such sum has been received by the Board from the Comptroller of this city.

The sum of §20,000 was also, and by the same authority, certified to the Supervisors of Westchester county as necessary to be raised in that county toward defraying the expenses of surveys, etc., in that county,

77

and has been included in the taxes there, and it is under- stood to be in course of collection, but nothing has yet been received on account of it.

By Chapter 706 of Laws of 1867, the Spuyten Duyvil and Port Morris Railroad Company were authorized to construct a railroad across the northerly end of the island of New York, "upon a line to be approved by the Board of Commissioners of the Central Park/' The Company, after deliberation, decided to confine the location of the line of their road principally to the Westchester side of Spuyten Duyvil creek and the Harlem river ; a small portion of it, however, was located in the county of New York, between low- water mark and the bulkhead line on the Westchester side of Spuyten Duyvil creek : and, on application of the Company, this portion of the line of the location was approved by the Board on the seventh clay of September last.

An application is now before the Board for the appro- val of the location of that portion of the line of this road lying within Westchester county, between the Hudson Paver Railroad at Spuyten Duyvil creek and the Xew York, Harlem and Albany Railroad, and is now under advisement.

Accompanying this report will be found, in the Treas- urer's accounts, a detailed statement of the receipts and

78

expenditures of the Board for the year 18G9, together with a table showing a distribution of these expenditures under appropriate heads.

Dated New York, December 31, 1869.

HENRY G. STEBBINS,

President of the Board of Commissioners of the Central Park.

ANDREW H. GREEN,

Comptroller of the Park.

THOMAS C. FIELDS,

Secretary.

CHARLES H. RUSSELL, A J. F. BUTTER WORTH, I Commissioners M. H. GRINNELL, > of the

W. HUTCHINS, I Central Park.

R. M. BLATCHFORD, J

SUMMAEY OF THE TEEASUKEK'S ACCOUNTS..

Construction Account.

Balance on hand December 31, 1868 $3,350 82:

The total receipts for the year ending December 13, 1868, are as foDows :

From issue of stock by the City of New York $325,000 00

Interest on deposits in Bank of Commerce 845 64

By balance transferred from "public square," Fifty-ninth

street and Fifth Avenue. . 11,063 45

336,909 09'

$34*365 91

The total expenditures for the year ending December 31, 1869, are as follows :

Salaries and compensation of officers and clerks $18,846 00

Surveys, engineers, architects, draughtsmen, etc , 21,239 17

Salaries of gardening department 1,615 88

Materials of construction and tools 98,615 94

Stationery, printing, advertising, drawing materials, etc- 4,986 18

Trees and plants. 945 42

Earth- filling 3,757 80

Labor account, amount paid laborers, mechanics, cartmen, etc., 182,617 33

Incidental expenses 7,642 19

340,265 91

The total receipts of the Board from the commencement of its- organization, May 1, 1857, are as- follows :.

From the issue of stock by the city of New York $5,710,697 48

Sale of buildings on the Park 6,155 87

Payment of lost tools 451 23

Rent of buildings 153 33

Exhibition of plans 294 85

Sales of grass to December 31, 1804 2,213 25

Sales of wool to December 31, 1SS5 222 40

Interest on deposits 28,605 41

Pound receipts to December 31, 1864 1,199 87

License for the sale of refreshments, skates, etc 7,175 61

Sale of old materials 2,467 18

Sale of time books 7 75

Payment of labor and materials furnished by Park 4.655 94

Premium on exchange, gold for silver 23 52

By balance transferred from "public square," Fifty-ninth

Street and Fifth Avenue 11,063 45

$5,775,3*7 14

The expenditures thus far are as follows :

From May 1, 1857, to January 1, 1858 $ 77,881 41

From January 1, 1858, to January 1, 1859 507,487 86

From January 1, 1859, to January 1, 1860 1,179,246 47.

From January 1, 1860, to January 1, 1861 878,354 95

From January 1, 1861, to January 1, 1862 479,163^ 66

From January 1, 1862, to January 1, 1863 461,540 32

From January 1, 1863, to January 1, 1864 331,871 60

From January 1, 1864, to January 1, 1865 452,590 23

From January 1, 1865, to January 1, 1866 366,915 38

From January 1, 1866, to January 1, 1867 250,983 17

From January 1, 1867, to January 1, 1868 199,264 06

From January 1, 1868, to January 1, 1869 249,822 12

From January 1, 1869, to January 1, 1870 340,265 91

$5,775,387 1 4

Maintenance Account for the year 18G8.

To balance transferred from "Island above One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Street and Public Drive," $5,442 !>4

The expenditures on account of maintenance in the year 18C8, in addition to that mentioned in the report of last year, is as follows :

Park-keepers' pay-roll for the month ending December 31, 18G8 4,G29 8.">

By balance carried to maintenance, 18f.(.) $10,072 7'.)

Maintenance Account for the year I860.

To balance carried from maintenance, 1868. . . .

The expenditures on ac- count of maintenance, 1869, thus far, are as fol- lows :

Roads, care of

Roads, repairs of

Bridle roads, care of. ... Bridle-roads, repairs of.

Walks, care of

Walks, repairs of

Plantations

Turf

Water

Ice

Irrigation

Thorough drainage

Transverse roads

Masonry and bridges...

Tools

Surface drainage

Buildings

Lighting Park

Animals.

Sheep

Manure

Park and gate-keepers'

wages, uniforms, etc Special park-keepers'

wages

Music

Stationery, printing,

(Ac....

Miscellaneous

Proportion of salaries.

Total

110,072 79

£25,054 3,824 931 6

9,384 2,326 1 3,087 10,597 274 8,857 13,579 274 76 2,618 1,9S3 215 3,557 17 6,556 1,066 652

68,723 49

2,551 6,8-9

2,763 10,140 15,000

$591 51 26,242 80,

35 55i

12,253 731

475 53!

527 95

1,997 01 383 15

I

191 47 1,0( 3 02|

1,418 yi

7,730*85! 1,670 Ul

$25,646 07 30,067 71 931 4.' 6 2( 9,420 46 14,580 62 13,562 84 11,125 94 274 09 10,854 17 13,963 14 274 09 76 49 2.809 53 2,986 67 215 50 5,038 67 17 00 14,287 73 2,736 87 552 80

71 1 03 69,434 52

2,551 38

6,809 00

5,050 66

2,763 42 15,191 52 15.0U0 00

1.177 80

$281,250 59

Received from the City of New York for the maintenance of the Paik for the

year 1869 $250,000 00

Received from sale of grass , 2,76G 73

" from pound receipts 205 7.3

" from sale of animals , 93 38

•' from sale of sheep and wool 1,231 53

from sale of old iron and steel 79 35

" from sale of trees and plants 1,103 00

from Shultz & Warier for music 1,870 CO

from licenses to hire skates and boats 1,000 00

" from rent of houso on Park 37 50

" for removing broken vehicles 93 50

By balance transferred from Avenue St. Niefc )las 22,707 83

$281,250 39

Muotum and Obsei vatory.

Received from the City of New York, for maintenance of a Meteorological and Astronomical Observatory, Museum of Natural History, and Gallery of Ait, for

the year ending December 31, 1869 $20,000 00

The payments on this account for the year ending December 31, 1809, are as follows :

Museum $2,351 54

Meteorological Observatory 2,849 09

Gallery of Art 629 47

Restoring extinct i-nima's 6,985 89

12,818 9d

Balance on hand December 31, 1869 $7,181 01

Island above One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Street and Public Drive. (Chap. 563 of the Laws of 1865.)

Balance on hand December 3', 1868 , $8,801 10

Re-transferred from maintenance, 1868 5,442 94

The payments on this account for the year ending December 31, 1869, are as follows :

Surveys, maps, etc $6,948 15

Stationery, printing, and drawing materials 581 28

Incidental expenses 230 00

7,759 43

Balance on hand December 31, 1869 $6,484 61

West Side Improvement. (Chap. 5o0 of the Laws of 1866, and Chap. 697 of the Laws of 1869.)

Balance on hand December 31, 1868 $3,321 28

The payments on this account for the year ending December 31, 1839, are as fellows :

Surveys and draughting 398 94

Balance on hand December 31, 1869 $2,922 34

Claims againsH old Commissioners for Laying Out tJtc (Jity north of One Hunefivd an J Fifty-fifth Sired.

Balance on hand December 81, 1868 -$~,0«S 32

No JHffineUta have been made cm Ibis account dining the year 18C9.

Seventh Avenue.

Balance -on hand December 81, 1868 $10,890 57

Received from the City of New York, for regulating and grading Seventh Avenue, during the year ending December 31, 1869 20o,000 CO

$210,890 17

The payments on this account during the year ending December 31, 1869, are as follows :

J. H. Sullivan & Co., contractors, regulating and grading $151,9-17 00

Thomas Crimmins, contractor, regulating and grading 25,882 50

Surveys, maps, etc 1,438 42

Stationery and printing 268 21

Tools and materials 48 84

Incidental expenses 230 CO

179,814 97

Balance on hand December 31, 1869 $31,075 60

Sixth Avenue,

Balance on hand December 31, 1863 $10,337 86

Received from the City of New York, for regulating and grading Sixth Avenue,

during the year ending December 31, 1889 75.0C0 (0

$85,337 SG

The payments on this account during the year ending December 31, 1869, are as follows :

J.H.Sullivan and Co., contractors, regulating and grading. . . $27,000 00

Thomas Crimmins, contractor, regulating and grading 4,702 23

Thomas Fealey, contractor, regulating and grading 3,600 00

Labor account, amount paid laborers, teams, carts, kc 39,201 22

Surveys and draughting 1,384 05

Tools and materials 312 96

Stationery and printing 134 10

Incidental expenses , , 230 00

76,564 56

Balance on hand December 31, 1869 $8,773 30

Mount Morris Square.

Balance on hand December 31, 1868

Received from the City of New York, for improvement of Mount Morris Square,

during the year ending December 31, 1869

SBy balance transferred from "public square," Fifty-ninth Street and Fifth Avenue,

.$15,947 7*

$ 503 43

15,000 00 444 31

The payments on this account for the year ending December 31, 18G9,

are as follows :

Labor account, amount paid laborers, carts, etc $10,917 76

Surveys, draughting, etc - 494 03

Tools and materia's G98 84

Trees and plants 1,105 00

Manure 31 25

Fence, and labor in erecting 2, £91 07

Stationery and printing 6 20

15,947 74

Circle, Fifty-ninth Sired and Eighth Avenue

Balance on hand December 31, 1S08 $2,526 "36

Received from the City of New York, for regulating, grading, sewering, etc., the Circle, Fifty-ninth Street and Eighth Avenue, during the year ending December 31, 1869 20,000 00

$22,526 30

The payments on this account for the year ending December 31, 1869, are as follows :

Labor account, amount paid laborers, carta, etc $15,435 25

Materials of construction and tools 6,239 76

Surveys, estimates, etc 724 30

Stationery 10 22

Auctioneers' fees. 90 00

-2S.499 53

Balance o;i hand December 31, 1859 $20 83

Road or Public Drive.

Balance on hand December 31, 1868 $1,630 75

Received from the City of New York, for regulating and grading the "Road or

Public Drive," during the year ending December 31, 1869 G00,000 00

Received from sale of fences on line of public drive 1,380 08

Received from sale of brushwood on line of public drive 62 00

Received from sale of wall on line of public drive .' 90 95

Received from sale of trees and gate on line of public drive 241 00

Received from sale of church seats on line of public drive , . 63 00

$603,467 78

The expenditures on this account for the year ending December 31, 1869, are as follows :

Labor account, amount paid laborers, rockmen, cartmen,

teams, etc $560,233 80

Materials of construction and tools 34,487 48

Surveys, estimates, etc 5,058 42

Stationery, printing, and books of account 631 -0?

Incidental expenses 766 85

601,227 64

JBalance on hand December 31, 18C9 $2,240 14

St. Nicholas Avenue. (Chap. 3G7 of the Laws of 180G.)

Received from the City of New York, for regulating and grading St. Nicholas

Avenue, during the year ending December 31, 18G9 $25,000 00

Tlie payments on this 0CC3uat for the ycir ending December 81, 18G9, arc as follows :

Surveys and draughting $804 55

Tools and materials 5153

Stationery and drawing materials G 40

862 48

Balance on hand December 31, 18G9 $24,137 5'2

Ninth Avenue.

Balance on hand December 31, 18G8 $10,000 00

No payments have been made on this account during the year 18G9.

Fublic Square, Fifty-ninth Street and Fifth Avenue.

Received from the City of New York, for regulating and grading the "public square," Fifty-ninth street and Fifth Avenue, during the year ending December

31, 18J9 $15, COO 00

Received from sale of old buildings 173 50

$15,173 50

The payments on this account for the year ending December 31, 1869, are as follows :

Labor, amount paid to laborers, carts, etc $1,145 02

Surveys and draughting 63 87

J. J. Yates, contractor, filling 1,200 00

Tools and materials 203 S5

Stationery and printing 85 00

Auctioneer's fees 27 50

2,725 24

Balance on hand December 31, 18G9 $12,448 26

One Hundred and Forty-fifth Street, from Sixth to Seventh Avenue.

Received from the City of New York, for regulating and grading One Hundred and Forty-fifth Street, from Sixth to Seventh Avenue, during the year ending December 31, 18G9 $15,000 00

The payments on this account for the year ending December 31, 1869, are as follows :

J. Sullivan, contractor, regulating and grading $7,550 00

Surveys and estimates 175 29

7,735 29

Balance on hand December 31, 18G9 $7,264 71

Broadivay Widening, from Thirty-fourth to Fifty-ninth Street.

Received from the city of New York, for widening Broadway, from Thirty- fourth to Fifty-ninth street, during the year ending December 31, 1869 $5,000 Oft

The payments on this account during the year ending December 31, 18C9, are £s follows :

Surveys and draughting 189 25-

Balance on hand December 31, 1809 $4,810 75

Harlem River and Spuyten Duyvil Creek Improvement.

Received from the city of New York, for improvement of Harlem river and Spuy- ten Duyvil creek, during the year ending December 31, 1869 $10,000 00

The payments on tbis account for the year ending December 31, 18C9, are as follows :

Drawing map 31 75

Balance on hand December 31, 18G9 $9,965 25

Recapitulation.

Balance on hand December 31, 1869, " Island above One Hundred and Fifty-fifth

Street and Public Drive " $6,481 61

Balance on hand December 31, 1869, " West Side Improvement " 2,922 31

Balance on hand December 31, 1869, " Museum and Observatory " 7,181 01

Balance on hand December 31, 1869, " Claims against Old Commissioners for Lay- ing out City north of One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Street," 7,038 32

Balance on hand December 31, 1869, " Sixth Avenue," 8,773 30

Balance on hand December 31, 1869, " Seventh Avenue," 31,075 60

Balance on hand December 31, 1869, " Circle, Fifty-ninth Street and Eigth Avenue," 26 83

Balance on hand December 31, 1S69, " Road or Public Drive," 2,210 11

Balance on hand December 31, 1869, " Ninth Avenue" 10,000 00

Balance on hand December 31, 1S69, •< Public Square, Fifty-ninth Street and Fifth Avenue" $12,148 26

Less amount transferred to the credit of the following accounts :

Construction Account $11,063 15

Mount Morris Square 141 31

Balance on hand December 31, 18G9, '• St. Nicholas Avenue, Less amount to the credit of maintenance, 1SG9

>24,137 52 22,767 83

Balance on hand December 31, 1869, "One Hundred and Foity-fiith Street, frcm Sixth to Seventh Avenue,"

Balance on hand December 31, 1869, 1

Balance on hand December 31, 1869, Improvement,"

Broadway Widening,"

" Harlem River and Spuyten Duyvil Creek

7,264 71 1,810 75

9.9G5 25

$100,093 05

DUel New Yobs, December 31, 1869.

ANDREW II. GREEN.

Treasurer of the Board of Commissioner, of lite Central rark.

79

Topographical Description of the Central Park, by Areas of Surface, dr.,

January 1, 1868.

Length of Park, from 59th to 110th streets

Breadth " " 5th to 8th avenues

Superficial area

" " Ground known as Manhattan Square

Area, exterior to inclosure, 59tli street and

110th street, Broad Walks

Do. occupied by four Transverse Roads. Do. " by new Crot on Reservoir. . Do. " by old Reservoir

Elevation of water above tide,

q .414

OU. 1 |i it n

Feet.

115.20 115.20

Total area of Park within inclosure, exclusive of above areas .

Area of the Pond (near 59th street, be- tween 5th and 6th avenues). . . .

Do. " Lake (between 72dand 78th sts).

Do. " Conservatory water (east of Lake near 5th ave.)

Do. " Pool (near 8th av., between 101st and 102d streets)

Do. " the Harlem Lake

Do. " the Loch

Total area of waters of the Park at this date

Acres.	Elevation of surface when ful! above tide Summer lev'
	Feet.
4 .800. I 0 O 0 on -LG.1. i u i| u	26.00 53.20
o .£.10.. '•luua	41.00
9 .013.. £" 1 (MIO 1 9 -&±- 1A 1 (MIO 1 _0±fi_ 1 • J 0 0 0	45.00 11.00 24.50

13,507 ft. 9/tf in. 2,718 " 6A "

843.-aW0- acres.

■1- O. l ii n n

862,-^Vo acres.

707.-ruau3u acres.

48,-rWo acres.

Acres.

Area occupied by Carriage

Roads

Do. occupied by Bridle Hoads Do. occupied by Walks

AC, _5.R0

1 r. .an.

Total.

Total area of ground within inclosure, exclusive of Reservoirs Ponds, Roads and Walks

Area of rock surface mainly without soil or shrubbery, estimated Area of Park ground fertilized, or chiefly fertilized, and in trees and shrubbery, or in open lawns, exclusive of Reservoirs Roads, Walks, Ponds, rock surface, <fec, estimated

560.-f04,f0- acres. 24

536,-jV^- acres.

REFERENCE TO THE CENTRAL PARK GUIDE.

6th Avenue and 59th Street-

f)th		50th
7th		59th
8th		59th
8 th		7 2d
8th		79th
8 th		85th	<<
8th		96th	ft
8th		100th	it
5th	<«	72d
5th	a	79th
5th	(<	90th	tt
5 th	it	96th	M
5th		102d	M
5th		110th	It
6th		110th
7 th	((	110th
8th	«	110th

GATES.

— The Scholars' Gate. The Artists' Gate. The Artizans' Gate. The Merchants' Gate. The Womens' Gate. The Hunters' Gate. The Mariners' Gate. The Gate of All Saints. The Boys' Gate. The Childrens' Gate. The Miners' Gate. The Engineers' Gate. The "Woodman's Gate. The Girls' Gate. The Pioneers' Gate. The Farmers' Gate. The Warriors' Gate. The Strangers' Gate.

1. Humboldt Monument.

2. The Pond.

3. Museum and Park Office.

4. Dairy.

5. Childrens' Cottage.

6. Childrens' Summer House and Play Ground.

7. Ball Players' House.

8. Play Ground.

9. The Green.

1 0 Statue of Commerce.

11. Pakeontological Museum.

1 2. The Marble Arch.

1 3. Site of Shakespeare Monument.

14. The Mall.

15. Oak and Elm, planted by Prince of Wales.

16. Music Pavilion.

17. Vine — Covered Walk.

18. Carriage Concourse.

] 9. Casino, or Refreshment House.

20. Croquet Players' House.

21. The Terrace.

22. Fountain.

23. Bronze Statue of Tigress.

SI

24. The Circle.

25. Mineral Spring.

26. Site for Refectory.

27. The Lake.

28. The Bow Bridge,

29. Ladies' Cottages. SO. Balcony Bridge.

31. "West Carriage Step — entrance to Rambl

32. Schiller's Monument.

33. Gentlemens' Cottage.

34. The Ramble.

35. The Tunnel.

36. Proposed Belvedere.

37. The Cedars.

3S. East Carriage Step — entrance to Ramble

39. Evergreen "Walk.

40. Dove Cot.

41. Conservatory Lake.

42. Site for Flower House.

43. Proposed Art Museum and Hall.

44. Site for the Maze.

45. South Gate House.

46. Stable.

47. Croton Board House.

48. Spring.

49. The Knoll.

50. North Gate House.

51. The West Meadow.

52. The East Meadow.

53. The Pool. bA. The Loch.

55. Mount St. Vincent House of Refreshment

56. The Nursery.

57. Old Fortification.

58. Harlem Lake.

59. The Cliffs.

60. Block House, War of 1 8 1 2 .

61. The Briars.

62. 7th Regiment Monument.

63. The Great Hill.

82

APPENDIX A.

New York, December 30, 18G8.

Commissioners of the Central Park :

Dear Sirs, — A number of gentlemen having long desired that a great museum of natural history should be established in the Central Park, and having now the opportunity of securing a large and very valuable collection as a nucleus of such museum, the undersigned wish to inquire if you are dis- posed to provide for its reception and development.

John David Wolfe, J. N. Phelps, W. A. Haines, A. G. Phelps Dodge, Howard Potter, Alexander T. Stewart, Adrian Iselin, Marshall 0. Eoberts,

George Bliss,

Robert Colgate, Levi P. Morton, J. Pierpont Morgan, D. Jackson Steward, James Brown, Benjamin H. Field, Robert L. Stuart, Theodore Roosevelt, Morris K. Jessup, William T. Blodgett.

Office of the Board of Commissioners of the Central Park, Bank of Commerce Building, 31 Nassau St., New York, January 13, 1869. Gentlemen, — The Commissioners of the Central Park have received your communication, in which inquiry is made if they are disposed to provide for the reception and development of a large and valuable collection as a nucleus of a museum of natural history.

The Commissioners, appreciating the views you so kindly express, entirely concur in the desirability of the establish-

83

ment of a museum iu the Park that shall become au aid to the

the same time, be an instructive and acceptable resort for the people of the city, and for the throngs of strangers that visit it.

The Commissioners of the Park will very gladly receive the collection to which you allude, and will use their best exertions toward the establishment of a museum of natural history of an extent and excellence in all its departments that will be credit- able to the city, and in their efforts toward the development of such an institution, the Commissioners of the Park will highly esteem ycur valuable co-operation.

great educational system of the city, concentrate and develop scientific efforts in all departments of natural history, and, at

I am, gentlemen,

With

great respect, ANDREW H. GREEN,

Comptroller Central Park.

To Messrs. John David Wolfe, Robert Colgate, Benjamin H. Field, Adrian Iselin, Robert L. Stuart, Marshall O. Roberts, Theodore Roosevelt, George Bliss, Morris K. Jessup,

James Brown, Alexander T. Stewart, J. N. Phelps, Levi P. Morton, W. A. Haines, J. Pier pout Morgan, A. G. Phelps Dodge, D. Jackson Steward, Howard Potter,

William T. Blodgett.

84

APPENDIX B.

Statement in detail of the gifts, devises and bequests during the past year, for the purpose of embellishing or orna- menting the Park, and of the names of the persons by whom the same are so given, devised or bequeathed.

Miscellaneous.

1869.

Jan. 4. Jourdan, Capt. John,

New York City,

1 piece Coral. Mar. 10. Cooper, Peter,

New York City, Skeleton of a Fin-back "Whale. Mar. 21. KappelhorT, J. H.,

New York City,

2 cases of Prepared Birds. April 14. Lowery, Mrs. John,

New York City,

1 lot of Syrian and Egyptian Curiosities. April 16. Raymond, Mrs. Henry J.,

New York City,

Iron Bailing and Base. April 27. Westcott, Com. Bayse N.,

U. S. N,

Jaws of a Shark. May 29. Warren, Sylvanus,

New York City,

2 Spears taken from Fort Wagner, S. C. 1 Cartridge Box. 1 Whitworth Rifle Shell.

June 10. Olds, David S.,

New York City, 1 piece of Rebel Currency.

85

1869.

June 21. Himmelinann, Casper,

New York City, 1 specimen — Singular Formation of Sand. June 28. Warren, Sjlvanus,

New York City,

Backbone of a Shark. July 6. Funke, Henry,

1 Sun Dial. July 20. Ryder Jesse,

Sing-Sing, Westchester Co.

2 Cattle Tedders.

Aug. 7. Bread made from the Root of the Succi Tree. Aug. 13. Van Nort, George M.,

New York City, Peculiar Formation of the Root of a Spruce Tree.

Sept. 7. Serrano, Juan E.,

New York City, 1 Bird's Nest ; one Prepared Specimen — Night-Hawk ; 4 Specimens of Minerals. Sept. 14. Battelle, Lewis F.,

Copy of Boston Gazette, 1770. Sept. 27. Kunze, Dr. R. E.,

New York City,

3 jars Specimens of Snakes. Oct, 26. Nelson, Capt. H.,

1 Specimen in alcohol — Flying Fish. Dec. 15. Rader, William R., and John Peterman,

New York City,

1 piece Petrified Wood. Dec. 27. Hession, Master John,

New York City, Canine Tooth of a Walrus.

Botanical.

18G9.

Jan. 14. Holmes, D.,

New York City,

7 packages Seeds. March 19. Kobinson, H. W.,

New York City,

1 package of Seeds. April 6. Staples, Cyrus E.,

New York City, 1 Tree — Adam's Needle — Yucca aloefolia. April 14. Capron, Hon. Horace, Commissioner of Agricul- ture,

Washington, D. C, 152 varieties Vegetable Seeds ; 20 varieties Flower Seeds. April 23. Capron, Hon. Horace,

Washington, D. C, 215 packages Seeds of Hardy Trees and Shrubs.

May 15. Green, Dr. Samuel F.,

Ceylon, India, 5 packages Seeds from India. May 19. Such, George,

South Amboy, N. J.,

90 Cannas — 3 varieties. Sept. 1. Collins, Capt. N.,

U. S. N.,

5 African Plants. Sept. 29. Bancroft, William S.,

New York City, 1 Oleander — Mevicum oleander. Sept. 29. Long, Jacob, M.,

New York City, 1 Bannana Tree — Muza cavandishi.

87

1869. Oct. 14.

Nov. 22.

Jan. 4.

Jan. 5.

Jan. 20.

Jan. 21.

Jan. 23.

Jan. 24.

Jan. 26.

Rittler, Dr. A. W.,

Hoboken, N. J., 1 Plant, foot of the Elephant- Tamus elephan- tis — Herbarium of 107 Specimens of Algae. One collection South American Seeds.

Animals.

Guiterman, Master Samuel,

1 Deer (D). Ramson, John,

New York City, New York City,

1 Fowl. Dexter, N.,

Providence, R. I., 1 Bald Eagle ; one Colored Peccary. Trouton, Master Charles,

New York City, Washington, D. C, New York City, Ithaca, N. Y., New York City,

1 pair Rabbits. Henry, Professor Joseph,

2 Rheas (1 D). Roome, James H.,

1 English Blackbird. Cornell, A. B,

1 Bald Eagle.

Feb. 6. Norton, Hon. Michael,

1 Fowl (D). Feb. 9. Macgowan, Dr. D. J.,

Shanghai, China,

2 Chinese Fowls.

88

1869.

Feb. 13. Cornell, Master George W.,

New York City,

5 Ferrets. Feb. 14. Williams, H. H.,

New York City,

1 Hawk.

Feb. 16. Gorcy, Francis,

New York City,

1 Esquimaux Dog. Feb. 20. Turner, D. A.,

Williarasburgh, L. I.,

1 Eaccoon. Feb. 25. Brown, C. S.,

New York City, 1 Canadian Porcupine (D).

Feb. 27. Hays, William J.,

12 Common Quails. Mar. 2. Haeger, H. G.,

2 pair Eabbits. March 18. Talcott, Mrs. James,

1 Purple Gallinule. March 25. Ward, Andrew,

25 White Mice (D). March 30. Hays, William J.,

12 Common Quails. April 3. Dovale, Abram J.,

3 Bronze Guans.

New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City,

89

1869.

April 9. Wood, Peter,

New York City, 1 Loon or Great Northern Diver (D). April 13. Barter, Miss Johannah,

New York City,

1 Babbit. April 13. Hackett, Mrs. John B.,

New York City,

1 Horned Toad. April 13. Lambert, Master James,

New York City,

1 Indigo Bird ; 1 Fowl. April 17. Arent, Anthony,

New York City,

1 pair Common Quail. April 19. Savage Robert J.,

New York City,

1 Raccoon. April 19. Lvnes, George,

Catskill, N. Y,

1 Goshawk (D). April 23. Brown. Capt. William, B. N. E,, Ship City of Sydney,

1 Zebu.

April 23. Pollopolian Association,

1 Deer (D). April 25. Conklin, William A.,

1 Mavis.

April 27. Nixon, Miss Annabella,

1 West India Parrot.

New York City, New Y'ork City, New York City,

90

1869.

April 27.

April 23.

April 28.

April 29.

May 3.

May 6.

May 7.

May 9.

May 11.

May 20.

May 24.

Gansevoort, Bt. Lt.-Col. H. S.,

U. S. A.,

1 Bald Eagle. Lambert, Master James,

New York City,

1 Horned Owl. Figyelmesy, Col. Philip,

U. S. Consul, Demerara, 1 Puma ; 1 Culminated Toucan (D) ; 1 Toco Toucan ; 2 Black Spider Monkeys (D). Heinkle, George W.,

New York City, Carrolton, Ky., New York City, South Bergen, N. J.,

2 young Alligators. Harrison, C. E.,

1 Golden Eagle. Maclachlan, D. W.,

1 Mexican Deer. Pennington, Captain L. W..

1 Raccoon. Ruffini, Frederick A.,

New York City,

1 Gray Fox (D).

Molloy, Hon. Thomas N., U. S. Consul,

St. Johns, Newfoundland, 1 Common Seal (D).

Andrews, M. Angelo,

New York City,

1 Coati. Peed, Captain R. W.,

Schooner " C. H. Kelly,"

1 Bald Eagle.

91

1869.

May 24. Thompson, G. W.,

New Brunswick, N. J. 1 Opossum and young (D). May 26. Nelson, Capt. Horatio,

S. S. Cortes, 1 Frigate or Man-of-War Bird (D). May 27. Crane, T. T.,

Hackensack, N. J.,

1 Deer. May 28. Stuart, William,

New York City,

2 Bald Eagles. May 31. Luis, A. O.,

New York City,

1 White-faced Monkey. June 1. "Vail, Eden,

1 Horned Owl. June 1. Dinsmore, W. B.,

2 Fowls (hybrids). June 1. Webster, Master Lee,

1 Opossum (D). June 2. O'Brien, John,

Bah way, N. J., New York City, New York City, New York City,

1 Angora Cat.

June 3. Hawkins, Professor B. Waterhouse,

New York City,

2 King Crabs (D). June 3. Conklin, William A.,

New York City,

1 Crocodile.

92

1869.

June 5. Daulte, Frank,

New York City,

1 Young Alligator (D). June 6. Uhlenhaut, Fritz,

New York City, 1 Speckled Tortoise (D).

June 7. Jackson, E. W.,

New York City,

1 Woodclmck. June 12. Connier, T. & G.,

New York City,

2 Young Wild-Cats (D). June 12. Holtje, John,

1 Eed Fox. June 12. Dolson & Birdon,

1 Young Alligator. June 13. Keeler, F. A.,

1 Gray Squirrel. June 16. Slattery, Mrs. Margaret,

1 Pair Pigeons. June 16. Girarcl, J. P., Jr.,

3 Pea-fowls. June 17. Adams, Rev. C. C,

1 Shepherd's Dog. June 17. Beaudouin, Louis,

1 Red Fox.

New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., New York City, New York City,

93

1869. June 19.

Girard, J. P., Jr.,

1 Peacock. June 21. Deweese, Hon. John T.,

June 22.

1 Black Bear. Saltzrnan, A.,

1 Deer.

June 22. Benton, Richard H.,

1 Horned Owl. June 24. Day, Professor E. C. H.,

1 Garter Snake. June 28. Foote, Dr. Edward B.,

2 Young Alligators. July 6. Simpson, L. H.,

1 Battle Snake. July 10. During, Jacob,

1 Tortoise. July 10. Lambert, Master James,

1 California Quail (D). July 10. Conklin, William A.,

1 Yellow Bird. July 12. Turner, Mr.,

1 Deer.

Pouglikeepsie, N. Y., Raleigh, N. C, New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City,

New York City, New York City,

94

1869. July 12.

July 15. July 20. July 27.

Aug. 7.

Price, Col. Walter J.,

2 Horned Owls. Rejaunier, Edward,

1 Eed Fox. Schifflen, B,

1 Green Snake (D). Conklin, William A.,

2 King Crabs (D). Laforge, Master Henry,

1 Turtle. Dickens, Henry M.,

Aug. 13. Aug. 16. Denison, Henry

1 Guinea-Pig.

Aug. 24.

Aug. 25.

Aug. 26.

1 Bing-Dove. Kull, William,

1 Brown Bat (D). Pice, Charles M.,

1 Pair Black Swans. Gamble, Miss Louise,

1 Alligator. Aug. 27. De Glims, Paul,

New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, London, England, New York City, S. S. Selicia,

5 Common Foxes (2 D).

95

1869. Aug. 27.

Aug. 30.

Aug. 30.

Aug. 30. Aug. 31. Sept. 2. Sept. 2.

Munroe, Hon. Allen,

2 Bald Eagles. McFarland, William,

1 Fox Squirrel. Kunze, Dr. Richard E.,

11 Turtles. Wilson, James W.,

1 Toucan. Dixon, Master M.,

1 Night-Hawk (D). McCormick, A. H.,

Syracuse, N. Y., New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, Cedar Keys, Fla.,

2 Alligators. Hancock, Major-Gen. Winfield S.,

U. S. A,

2 Cinnamon Bears. Wallace, John G.,

Sept. 7. Sept. 8. Barjau, Luis, Sept. 10. Sept. 13.

1 Alligator.

2 Turtles (D). Wrolcott, F. H.,

2 Peacocks. Meadows, H. P.,

New York City, New York City, Astoria, L. I., New York City,

1 Kestrel.

96

1S69.

Sept. 14. Thebaud, Paul S., 1 Deer.

Sept. 15. Johnson, Col. W. 0.,

1 Sea-Gull (D). Sept. 16. Hormamm, John,

1 Raccoon. Sept, 16. Baboeuf, H. T,

New York City, Newburyport, Mass., New York City, New York City,

2 Hawks (D). Sept. 18. Folson, Master William H.,

New York City,

1 Muskrat. Sept, 18. Marsh, Capt. B. F.,

Ship " Rattler,"

2 Kanchils or Pigmy Musk-Deer (1 D) 3 Manilla Pigeons (2 D).

Sept. 19. Waerth, John,

New York City,

1 Box Turtle. Sept. 20. Manning, John W.,

New York City,

2 Alligator Terrapins (D).

Sept. 20. Parrel, Master Andrew,

New York City,

1 Turtle. Sept. 21. Caldwell, Milton,

Brooklyn,

1 Newfoundland Dog. Sept. 24. Kemeys, E.,

New York City,

1 Alligator Terrapin.

97

1869.

Sept. 25. Dietz, Charles H.,

Stapleton, S. I.,

2 Wood-Ducks. Sept. 27. Morrison, C. H,

Sacramento, Cal.,

2 Gray Foxes (1 D). Sept. 27. Valentine, B.,

Piermont, N. Y.,

2 Peer.

Sept. 30. Sparhawk, E. W., *

S. S. Minnetonka,

1 Eattle Snake. Oct. 2. Wilson, Master Willie,

New York City, 1 Striped Squirrel (D). Oct. 2. Kirks, C. H.,

New York City.

1 Opossum (D). Oct. 6. Mead, T. L.,

New York City,

2 Eattle Snakes. Oct. 21. Meyers, Major-Gen. William,

U. S. A,

1 Grizzly Bear. Oct, 22. Wisder, David,

Springtown, N. J.,

1 Eagle. Oct. 27. Conklin, William A.,

New York City,

1 English. Heron. Oct. 28. Smith, Mrs. Hugh IL,

Brooklyn,

1 pair Guinea-Pigs. Nov. 1. Keeler, F. A.,

New York City,

1 Horned Owl.

8

98

1869.

Nov. 1. Dinsmore, William B.,

2 Angora Goats. Nov. 4. Savage, John,

1 Horned Owl. Nov. 5. Berringer, John,

New York City, New York City, New York City,

1 Opossum.

N< >v. 6. Sayre, Master Beginald Hall,

New York City,

2 Young Alligators. Nov. 9. Ehlert, John E.,

New York City,

1 Ferret. Nov. 9. Blake, Capt., 1 Deer.

Nov. 9. Agens, Charles H.,

1 Marsh-Hawk. Nov. 10. Tilden, Samuel J.,

568 Trout. Nov. 22. Yelie, J. W.,

Newark, N. J.,

New York City,

Bath, N. Y.,

1 Canadian Porcupine. Nov. 22. Nichols & Hoadley,

New York City, 1 Affghan Fat-tailed Sheep. Nov. 29. Farrell, Frederick A.,

New York City,

1 Moongus.

99

1869.

Dec. 9. Showier, John W.,

1 Horned Owl. Dec. 14. Velie, J. W.3

2 Horned Owls. Dec. 16. Martin, John,

1 Hawk. Dec. 23. McLieish, Louis,

1 Horned Owl. Dec. 29. Marsh, Professor,

2 Opossums. Dec. 31. Bohan, Cornelius,

New York City, Bath, N. Y., New York City, New York City, New Haven, Conn., New York City,

1 Hawk.

The letter D opposite the donation denotes that it is dead. The above are in good condition, except otherwise noted.

100

LIST OF SPECIMENS DEPOSITED FOE EXHIBI- TION.

18G9.

Feb. 25. One Canary Bird.

April 12. One Black Spanish Fowl.

April 24. One Black Bear.

May 15. Two Zebus or Bralimin Cattle.

May 17. One Bald Eagle.

May 17. One Peccary.

May 17. One Hawk.

June 5. One Elephant.

June 12. One Mocking Bird.

June 18. One Macaw.

June 22. One Green Monkey.

June 26. One Canary Bird.

July 9. One Gray Squirrel.

July 10. One Jaguar or American Tiger.

Aug. 2. Three Guinea-Pigs.

Sept. 11. Two Leopards.

Oct. 16. One Mocking Bird.

Oct. 20. Seventeen Anacondas.

Oct. 31. One Indian Elephant.

Oct. 31. One African Elephant.

Oct. 31. One Bactrian Camel.

Oct. 31. Six Lions.

Dec. 20. One Mandrill.

101

APPENDIX C.

REPORT OF THE METEOROLOGICAL DEPART- MENT.

To the Board of Commissioners of the Central Park :

Andrew H. Green, Esq.,

Comptroller.

Sir, — During the past year the Meteorological Observatory has been furnished with self-registering instruments, to record the various atmospheric conditions, as follows :

1st. Photographic register of the height of the Barometer.

2d. " " " degree of the Dry Bulb Thermometer.

3d. " " " " " Wet " "

4th. Pencil register of the quantity of Rain and Snow.

5th. " " " direction of the Wind.

6th. " " " velocity " "

7th. " " " force " "

For the use of the instruments in which the record is kept by photography, a suitable photographic laboratory has been provided, containing all the arrangements necessary for that purpose.

It having been found that the exposure, heretofore used for the thermometers, gave incorrect indications, arising from the heating of an adjacent roof, both the thermometers, the dry bulb and wet, were removed to an apartment specially con- structed for them, in the north-west turret. An enclosure, with suitable blinds, such as has be^en found in foreign meteo- rological observatories, best adapted to the purpose, has been provided, and in this, free from disturbing influences, the photographic registration is accomplished.

The Commissioners now possess the most complete meteo-

102

rological observatory in America, one not inferior in the ex- actness of its records, to those of any other country.

Of the instruments now to be described, those that register by pencil, that is to say, the 4th, 5th, Gth and 7th, in the above list, are altogether of my own invention. The 1st, 2d and 3rd, though originally European, have been essentially modified by me, and, as I believe, improved.

It may also be appropriate for me to say, that all these in- struments have been constructed by my own hand, or under my immediate orders, a lathe, and other necessary imple- ments, for that purpose, having been provided by the Com- missioners.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SELF- REGISTERING APPARATUS.

1. — Photographic Begister of the Barometer and the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometers.

The principle on which this apparatus is constructed is to throw a strong beam of li^ht on the three instruments above named, suitably arranged side by side. A photographic ca- mera is placed behind them, and pictures of the columns of mercury, formed in the usual manner, upon a sensitive plate. This plate is drawn aside by a clock, with a uniform motion at the rate of half an inch an hour, its movement being com- pleted at the end of twenty-four hours. It, therefore, receives a continuous impression of each of the three instruments, re- cording not only every movement they have executed, but also the time at which each such movement was made.

Plate 1 — represents this apparatus, a, a, are the Yenitian blinds, or Louvres, of a bay-window, constructed in the north- west turret ; the object of this open construction being to

103

admit the air freely, and to exclude the sun ; b, b, is a gas lantern, furnished with a concave reflecting mirror, e, c, which converges the light of the flame, on the three instniments ; d, the dry bulb thermometer ; /, the wet bulb thermometer ; e, the barometer. It has been found expedient in practice to use two gas flames instead of one, partly for the purpose of giving a more uniform and intense beam of light, and partly that, in case one flame should be accidentally extinguished, it may be relighted by the other.

To prevent the heat of the gas flame affecting the instru- ments, the beam is caused to pass not only through the glass of the lantern itself, but also through a second sheet of plate- glass, g, g, and again through a third, h, h, the surface of which is ground. This gives, in addition, a more uniform light. At k, 7c, is a screen which serves the purpose of supporting the three instruments. It has three narrow slits in it, through which the position of the mercury may be seen. At ?, ?, is the photo- graphic camera, the sensitive plate of which m, m, is drawn steadily aside, at the rate above mentioned, by the clock, n.

In the daily routine of the observatory at nine o'clock each morning, the sensitive plate of the past twenty-four hours is removed, and a new one put in its stead. The former is then developed in the manner customary in photography, and the record it affords is preserved.

II. — Pencil Register of the fall of Rain and Snoic. (Rain Gauge.)

This consists essentially of a cylindrical metal vessel, ele- vated above the roof of the building, so as to catch the rain or snow. From the bottom of it a tube descends into the obser- vatory, delivering the water thus received into a glass vessel, suspended from a spiral steel spring. To the lower end of the

104

spring a pencil is attached, the point of which is kept steadily pressing against the sheet of paper, which is to bear the record. Now, when rain falls, the receiving glass vessel be- comes heavier, the spring is stretched, and the pencil descends. It would thus make a straight vertical trace on the paper. But the paper is fastened to a board, drawn aside by a clock, at the rate of half an inch an hour. The trace made, therefore, indicates the time at which the glass-receiving vessel becomes heavier, that is, the time of the beginning of the rain. In like manner it also indicates its end, and the amount that has fallen. The glass-receiving vessel has a syphon arrangement, such as that described in the books of Natural Philosophy, under the title of the " Cup of Tantalus." This spontaneously empties it when the water has accumulated to a certain amount and thus permits it to recommence its action.

Plate 2 — represents this apparatus : a, is the cylindrical vessel, placed above the roof of the building to receive the rain or snow ; b, b, b, is the pipe bringing the collected water into the observatory and delivering it into the glass vessel c, which has the syphon Tantalus arrangement, d, above mentioned. The glass-receiving vessel hangs suspended from a spiral, spring c, at the lower end of which is a pencil, /, a board, g, g, on which is fastened a sheet of paper, intended to carry the record, is drawn aside at the above mentioned rate by the clock, h. A pail, i, receives the water discharged.

This instrument registers not only the duration of rain-falls, but also the rate at which the water descends, thus recording all the peculiarities of each shower. When snow falls, and is collected in the cylindrical vessel, a, it is melted by the warm air which ascends through the ceiling of the observatory, the resulting water trickling down through the pipe.

PLATS II.

105

III. — Pencil Begister of the Direction of the Wind.

On the lower end of the vertical shaft, to which the wind vane is attached, a brass cylinder is affixed. It turns, there- fore, with the movements of the vane. Around this brass cylinder is fastened a sheet of paper. A pencil bearing lightly against the paper descends from the top to the bottom of the cylinder in the course of twenty-four hours, its movement being regulated by a clock. When the wind shifts, the paper register therefore correspondingly turns, and the pencil makes a trace of the movement. On the paper are printed the four cardinal points N. S. E. "W., the trace thus showing the direc- tion, and all the variations of the wind.

In Plate 3, a, a, is the wind-vane, rising several feet above the roof of the building; b, b, the vertical shaft which turns with the movements of the vane, and gives corresponding movements to the brass cylinder, c, c, around which the paper register is fastened ; at d is a pencil attached to the top of a weight, e, and bearing lightly against the paper ; a clock, g, permits the weight to descend to the bottom,/, of the cylinder in twenty-four hours.

IY. — Pencil Begister of the Velocity of the Wind.

On the ends of a cross supported by a vertical shaft several feet above the roof of the building, are four hemispherical cop- per cups. These, whatever may be the direction of the wind, are caused to turn round with a speed, as has been determined by experiment, of about one-third the velocity of the wind. This position of the contrivance was the invention of Dr. Rob- inson : it is used in the foreign observatories, and is known as Robinson's cups.

To the lower end of the shaft thus made to revolve by the

106

cups is attached an endless screw, connected with a train of wheels, which moves a cam. Tii3 wheels are so arranged that one turn of the cam answers to fifteen miles in the movement of the wind. A pencil which rests on the edge of the cam, and bears lightly against a surface of paper, is carried from the bottom to the top of the papsr by each revolutioa of the cam. It should ba understood, that the paper is attached to a board drawn aside by a clock, at the rate of half an inch an hour. The number of times that the pencil moves from the bottom to the top of the paper, multiplied by fifteen, gives the number of miles that the wind has moved.

In Plate 4, a, a, a, a, are the four hemispherical cups, which being turned round by the wind, impart their motion to the vertical shaft, b, b, at the bottom of which is the endless screw, c, connected with the train of wheel-work turning the cam, d, d. At e, is seen the end of the pencil resting on the edge of the cam ; /,/, is the sheet of paper attached to the board, g, g, which is drawn aside at the above mentioned rate by the clock, h.

V. — Pencil Register of the Force of the Wind.

This instrument consists essentially of a cylindrical metal drum, suspended by a chain from an unyielding frame or sup- port, and exposed to the action of the wind, the lower end of the drum being connected by another chain and rod with a spiral steel spring, on the top of which a pencil is placed, bear- ing lightly on a sheet of paper, fastened to a board, which is drawn aside by a clock at the rate of half an inch an hour. When the drum is pressed upon by the wind, it is pushed in the direction toward which the wind is blowing, and pulling upon the spring causes the pencil to make an upward trace upon the paper. The force necessary to draw the pencil up-

'PLATE ILL

yAe.//fojcrgrKkavr< BtgrJB^ &blh So 7/gitayA

DanieLDrapa fecii.

107

ward to any given point is determined by direct experiment, and expressed in pounds weight.

In Plate 5, a, a, is the metal drum, made of tin plate ; it is two feat in height and one loot in diameter, suspended by a chain, b, to a strong iron support, c, c, on the roof of the obser- vatory ; its lower end is connected by a chain aud rod, d, d, with a spiral spring, e, e. On. the top of this spring, at/, is the pencil; it bears against a sheet of paper, g, g, fastened to a board drawn aside by a clock, h, at the above mentioned rate. When the wind blows, the tin cylinder is forced into some other position, as shown in the dotted figure, d, d3 and the pencil is drawn upwards. The more violent the wind, the further will the tiu cylinder be pushed aside, and the higher the pencil be drawn.

DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTERS PRODUCED.

A specimen of the daily registers of the barometer, and of the dry and wet bulb thermometers, is given on Plate 6. It is reduced to about one-fourth of the original size, to suit the page o£ this report. The upper figure represents the move- ments of the barometer for the day (December 18th), the lower one those of the two thermometers. They are tracings by a pantagraph of the photographic register, obtained as previously described.

From this it will be seen, that at nine o'clock on that morn- ing the barometer was falling, and continued so to do till a quarter past four. It remained very low until about half past eleven that night, when it commenced rising, and continued to do so very steadily until nine o'clock on the following morning. Its lowest point was reached at about half past eight.

The registers of the thermometers show, that the dry and

108

wet bulb moved closely together, from nine in the morning to a quarter past four in the afternoon, there being a difference of about a degree between them. At that time, though night was coming on, they both began to rise rapidly, the wet bulb, how- ever, not moving so quickly as the dry bulb. They both reached their maximum at the time, half past eight, when the barometer was at its minimum, then they commenced to fall rapidly, and continued so to do until about half past eleven.

The direction of the wind for the same day is given in the reduced Plate 7. This shows that from nine in the morning until about half past four in the afternoon, the wind was very steadily from the N. E. At that time it began to veer east- wardly, and continued so to do until about five minutes before eight, when it suddenly moved round to the south. Again, a few minutes before ten, it made another sudden movement, veering to the N. W. From six o'clock until eleven, with the exceptions that have been specified, there was very little mo- tion in the air, but after eleven o'clock violent agitations occurred, the vane repeatedly swinging completely round. These tempestuous movements were not ended at nine o'clock on the following morning.

In like manner, the register of the Force of the Wind for the same day is represented in Plate 8. It commenced freshening in the morning, and at one time reached a pressure of twenty- two pounds on the square foot, but at quarter past four it be- gan rapidly to decline. Soon after six there was a perfect lull, which continued until eleven, when the force once more steadily increased, with many violent oscillations, reaching at one time more than eighteen pounds on the square foot, and from that it gradually declined.

In Plate 9 we have a register of the velocity of the wind for

if
	k -

A

i	i Y 1
1

draper's self-reg-istering anemometer

for the

VEL 0 CITY of the WIND

109

the same clay. From nine in the morning until a quarter past four in the afternoon it traveled through one hundred and ninety-five miles. Its speed was then reduced, so that from that time until six o'clock it had traveled only about thirty- seven miles. In the five hours following, that is, from six until eleven o'clock, so slow was its rate of motion, that it had made only thirty additional miles. Then it abruptly and rapidly increased, so that by nine o'clock on the following morning, it had made two hundred and forty miles.

Plate 10 gives a similar register of the time, rate and quan- tity of rain that fell on the same day. The rain commenced at a little before eleven in the morning, and at a rate sometimes more and sometimes less violent, continued until six that evening, when it suddenly ceased. Its quantity at that time was seven-tenths of an inch. From six until midnight no more rain fell, then for half an hour there was another shower.

SUMMARY OF THE FOREGOING REGISTERS.

This report is already so lengthy, that I must abstain from entering on a minute discussion of the facts which the registers present, and shall restrict myself to pointing out their most prominent feature.

On the day in question, December 18th, 1869, there was a lull in the air from six P. M. to 11 P. M., during which almost imperceptibly the wind which had been previously very violent from the northeast, shifted round by the south to the north- west. The occurrence of this lull might have been foretold from the gradual fall of the Barometer, which reached its lowest point during the above named hours.

At the corresponding time both thermometers, the wet bulb and the dry, exhibited an extraordinary rise, due unquestion-

110

ably to the shifting of the wind, which leaving the northeast was now coming from the south, and so gradually veering to the northwest. The cessation of the rain which simultaneously occurred, was due to this warm southwest wind.

Now, here we have fall in the barometer, rise in the ther- mometers, change in the direction of the wind, change in its force, change in its velocity, cessation of the fall of rain, that is to say, many different atmospheric phenomena, which are all evidently interconnected. It is alone by the study of such facts furnished by continuously registering instruments, that correct meteorological views can be obtained, and the science be made exact.

I cannot close this report without expressing my obligations to the Commissioners, and particularly to the Comptroller, Mr. Andrew H. Green, for the enlightened and liberal manner in which they have caused to be furnished, whatever was needed to make the Meteorological Observatory in the Central Park what it now in reality is, the completest and most effective Meteorological Observatory in America.

I add hereto tables containing the monthly and annual reports for the year 1869.

All which is respectfully submitted.

DANIEL DEAPEE.

Ill

TABLE I.

Table showing the observed heights of the Barometer, monthly, for the year 1869. Reduced to Freezing point Fahrenheit.

Months — 1S69.	MEAN AT 7 A. H.	MEAN AT 2 P. M.	MEAN AT 9 P. M.	MONTH MEAN.	MAXI- MUM.	MINI- MUM.	DIFFER- ENCE OR RANGE.
January	29.920	29.887	29.916	29	941	30.201	29.354		.847
February ....	29.964	29.811	29.868	29	881	30.3S2	28.932	1	.450
March	29.978	29.927	29.964	29	956	30.415	29.458		.957
	29.827	29.791	29.822	29	813	30.219	29.371		.848
May	29.734	29.705	29.731	29	723	30.125	29.029	1	.096
June	29 . 908	29.870	29.894	29	890	30.256	29.497		.759
July	29.899	29.877	29.886	29	887	30.216	29.606		.610
	29.974	29.941	29.950	'29	955	30.312	29 . 703		.619
September . .	30.119	29.979	30.093	3n	063	30.308	29.338		.970
October	29.897	29.849	29.878	29	874	30.315	29.207	1	.108
November. . .	29.894	29.868	29 . 905	29	S89	30.2S5	29.368		.917
December . . .	30.093	30.039	30.072	30	068	30.625	29.118	1	.5u7

29.934 29.879 29.915

Mean for the year 29.909

Maximum for the year 30.625 at 11 a. m. December 9th.

Minimum for the year 28.932 at 7 a. m. February 4th.

Year mean at 7 a. m " 2 P. M " 9 P. M,

Difference or range

1.693

112

TABLE II.

Table showing the state of the Thermometer, monthly, for the year 1869. Fahrenheit.

Months— 1869.	MEAN AT 7 A. M.	MEAN AT 2 P. M.	MEAN AT 9 r. M.	MONTH ME MX.	MAXI- MUM.	MINI- MUM.	DIFFER- ENCE. OR RANGE.
	32.27	38.10	34.80	35.07	54.0	6 0	48.0
	32.58	38.87	31.62	34.47	61.0	14.0	47.0
March	32.00	41.12	31.19	34.77	60.0	4.0	56.0
	44.63	54.70	48.44	49.24	76.0	27.0	49.0
May	55.17	63.02	56.31	57.7o	85.0	40.0	45.0
June	65.37	73 . 59	68.68	69.28	90.0	50.0	40.0
July	68.58	77.31	72.75	72.82	92.5	61 .0	31.5
August	66.56	77.03	71.70	71.75	94.7	53.0	41.7
September	61.02	70.35	65.69	75.60	86.5	44.5	42.0
	47.14	55.24	50.33	50.89	75 . 5	30.2	45.3
November	37.29	43.37	40.46	40.34	61.0	26.0	35.0
	31.94	37.45	34.89	34.71	62.0	13.7	48.3

Year mean at 7 a. m 47.87

" 2 p. M 55.92

" 9 p. m 50.57

Mean for the year 51 .45

Maximum for the year 94.7 above zero at 2 p. m., August 21.

Minimum for the year 4.0 above zero at 4 a. m., March 1.

Difference or range

90.7

113

TABLE III.

Table shoiving the State of the Wet-Bulb Thermometer, Monthly, for the year 1869.

Months— 1869.	MEAN AT 7 A. M.	MEAN AT 2 P. M.	MEAN AT 9 P. M.	MONTH MEAN.	REMARKS. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DRV AND WET BULBS.
	30.16	34.36	32.57	32.36	35.07	2.71
February	30.50	36.15	29 . 70	32.11	34.47	2.36
	29.40	37.18	28.87	31.81	34.77	2.96
	29.10	46.65	43.03	42.92	49.24	6.32
	48.16	56.24	52.52	52.30	57.70	5.40
	60.08	66.02	64.25	63.45	69.28	5.83
	63.70	69.22	66.28	66.40	72.82	6.42
	61.94	66.58	64.57	64.36	71.75	7.39
	57.85	61.97	60.25	60.02	65.60	5.58
October	44.24	48.51	46.66	46.47	50.89	4.42
	34.42	38.80	39.05	37.42	40.34	2.92
		35.47	33 . 50	33.16	34.71	) .55

Year mean at 7 a. m 44.17

" 2 p. m 49.76

" 9 p. m 46.76

Mean for the year 46.90

Difference between the wet and dry bulb thermometers for the year at —

7 a. m. 2 r. m. 9 r. m.

Dry bulb 47.87 55.92 50.57

Wetbulb 44.17 49.76 46.77

3 7-» 6.16 3.80

9

114

TABLE IV.

TMe showing tie duration and depth of Rain and Snoic, Monthly, during the year 1869.

Rain.

Months — 1860.

January . . February . March . . .

April

May

.Tune ,

July

August . . . September October . . November December .

7.

- X

OE ^

- a

o = 6

DURATION".

- 0 O ~

10	2	?	10	1 .63	1	.63
8	3		30	4.06	5	.69
10	3	2	30	4.26	9	.95
9		21	15	1.39	11	.34
13	o	2	25	4.15	15	.49
15	2	1 13_	15	4.40	19	89
11	1	3	30	3.15	23	04
G		19	45	1.70	24	80
8	1 '	5	50	2.81	27	61
12	3	13	45	6.48	34	09
8	1	23		2.30	36	39
10	1	14		4.20
					40. 6.	50 23
120	24	7	10	40.50

■- _ -

5&0

46 . r-

Tot.il depth of rain and melt- ed snow.

Ssow.

January . February. March . . . April

December

5		23	20	15	or,	15	06	0.90
6	T	17	45	9	62	24	68	2/81
6		19	45	0	75	25	43	1.40
o		9	30					0.30
	i	17	5	24	30	67	0.82
24	5	13	20			6.23

) Sncnv melted J as it fell.

PLATE

METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT.

DIRECTION OF THE WIND.

Bamted bv « SELF-REGISTERING ANEMOMETER . NEW YORKJkamkrlgi TlieiiMu* wt BlMrkcd m the Wttital column . Uie tlirrrlinns in tht tioiiumlnl lints, last. Smitii West.

II -

- ■- : - — r

1<),,

Xorlli £ast.

'fiu.MaJCT ScJO'avp StujrAtii HiiA Co "Vgwoj.A"1'

S'OTlk.

J&uel Draper licit

115

TABLE V.

Table showing the Velocity of the Wind and Prevailing Winds during the year 1869.

Months 1869.	MIL r.S.	D VI LY M	15 AN	HOURLY MEAN.	PREVAILING WIND
	5,192.0 i	167	4S	6	9V	West.
February	5,379.6	192	12	8	00	West,
March	5,869.8	189	34	7	88	North-west.
	6,245.7	20S	19	8	67	West.
May	5,573 . 8	179.	83	7.48	West-north- west.
	4,005.8	133.	52	5	56	West.
July	4,714.6	152	08	6	33	West.
August	4,32S.5	139.	62	5	81	West.
September	4.810.0	160	33	6	68	West-south-west.
	5,813.0	187	58	7	81	West.
	6,671.5	222	38	9	26	West.
December	6,583.0	212	04	8	84	West-north-west.

The total distance travelled by the wind during the year was 65,187.3 miles. The prevailing winds were west and north-west.

110

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117

TABLE VII.

COMPARISON OF YEARS 1868, '69.

	1868.	1869.
BAROMETER.
Highest — inches	30.750	30.625
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Depth of Suow. Inches.
Amount of Water. Inches.	.01 1.84 2.06 1.27 .44 .30 .01 .51 .01 .03
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130

APPENDIX D.

WATERING OF ROADS.*

The subject of the watering of roads is an important one as regards the comforts of communities ; it is an operation which has only been performed of late years, and the appliances have been improved upon, and are still capable of further improve- ment. At one time, about thirty years ago, the streets were watered by damming the gutters, and spreading the water by means of shovels ; then a barrel on wheels was used, with a wooden box filled with holes, which dribbled the water the width of the cart.

Since then we have arrived at square, ugly-looking boxes, generally painted black, with iron distributors, constantly in the way, interfering with traffic, and drenching the streets, which are always in one extreme or the other of mud or dust.

That without water-carts we should be in a very great pre- dicament, the state of the streets of the metropolis on many Sundays during the past season has made painfully evident ; for on the Sabbath there are only one or two parishes in Lon- don who allow watering to be done, and the consequence is that the plague of dust is rampant.

Walking or driving through clouds of dust is very detrimental to personal comfort ; and when it is stated by Dr. Letheby, in a recent report, that a very large percentage of London dust consists of organic matter of deleterious nature, so that we are liable to be poisoned, in addition to the minor inconveniences

* Paper read before the British Association at Norwich.

131

of being half blinded and smothered, more importance will perhaps be attached to the object of allaying this evil, than, at a first glance, the subject may seem to deserve.

The actual damage to property caused by dust is very con- siderable ; tradespeople's goods, which are necessarily exposed, suffer a depreciation in value to a very great extent, and are often rendered completely unsalable ; and people who have been at a considerable expense in getting their houses, fronts, an I doors newly painted, are often annoyed by seeing their work spoiled before it is dry.

Recreation on S in lays, when the leading metropolitan thoroughfares are nob watered, is rendered unwholesome by the presence in the air of this most unsavory compound of pulverized road, detrital, and organic matter, a modicum of which is deposited in the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, as well as over the habiliments of the wayfarers.

During the late extraordinary dry season the attention of local authorities has been particularly called to the necessity of improving this condition of affairs.

The heavy, lumbering vehicles used for spreading water in the streets and obstructing the thoroughfares have been increased in number, but their efforts have been futile, for they scarcely re ich the end of a street of any length before the dust would be blowing at the part they began, so scorching was the sun, and so arid the atmosphere.

At an expense of a^out £100,000 the various parishes of London have been watered this season, but, notwithstanding this enormous outlay, the dust could not be laid, an 1 it is quite evident that the time has arrived when the assistance of deli- quescent salts is absolutely necessary to aid in this operation,

132

and from the results obtained by the use of the chlorides of cal- cium and sodium mixed with the water, in certain localities, there can be little doubt that they will soon be generally adopted.

A patent was taken out in September last for a compound of these well-known deliquescent salts, and for its application to the purposes of road-watering.

The proportions used are 1 lb. or J lb. of the mixed salts to one gallon of water ; the salts are put into the cart before it is rilled. The water is then laid on, and by the time the cart is full the salts are in solution.

The extraordinary dryness of the atmosphere during the past season has been exceedingly unfavorable to the develop- ment of the vital principle of the invention. The benefit the roads were expected to receive from the well-known affinity of these salts for moisture has been withheld ; but, notwith- standing that drawback, the application of the salts has produced a most important effect upon the surface of a macad- amized road, hardening and concreting the material in such a manner, that, when it is perfectly dry, no dust whatever arises from the passage of ordinary traffic. The light dust always found upon a dry road surface, which is usually watered with plain water, is not to be seen, the surface remaining smooth, firmly bound down, with no detritus whatever upon the surface.

In considering the economy of road-making, this state of the road is very important. There is scarcely anything for the scavenger to sweep up and take away ; and what has usually been carted away by wagon-loads, as waste, remains an integral part of the road ; consequently, the repairs to the

133

roacT would be much less frequent, and a considerable saving would be effected. The chlorides employed, being antipu- trescent, tend to alleviate the evils arising from organic matter deposited on road surfaces. A sanitary advantage is, therefore, gained, and the economy in the water is also a favorable fea- ture of this method of watering roads.

The water consumed in watering roads in London is about one-sixth of the daily supply for all purposes ; and as by the introduction of the chlorides so much less water is required, a saving of at least seventy-five per cent, would be effected, which is really an important consideration, as this water is required at the hottest period of the season, when the de- mands, for other purposes are more urgent than usual, and the necessity of an increased water supply is being seriously discussed.

Thus the effect produced by the use of deliquescent salts mixed with the water is not only the effectual and complete laying of the dust, but the collateral advantage of economy in labor in road-making and in consumption of water. It also obviates the necessity of Sunday labor in road-watering.

Nearly all the shopkeepers in Baker street, Portman square, have given their testimony with regard to the favorable results of the application of the chemicals in their street, which was chosen as one having a constant traffic.

They state that instead of having their shops filled with dust that they scarcely see a particle, and that, on Sundays, when other streets are smothered in dust, that they rejoice in their immunity from this nuisance.

There were certain essential conditions necessary to be attained to render the application of deliquescents universally practicable.

134

It was important that tho chlorides used should be harm- less, inodorous, and anticorrosive, and that they should be procurable in such quantities, and at such prices as to enable them to be used with a proper regard to economy, consider- ing the large quantity which would be necessary to meet the demand likely to arise, should the method be generally adopted.

The chloride of sodium is plentiful enough, and easily obtainable in any quantity, nor is it probable that the pi ice would ever become so enhanced as to prevent its use for this purpose.

The chloride of calcium is a peculiar article which has never been in great demand, but which can be manufactured to any extent, and at very reasonable prices.

There is, therefore, no practical difficulty in the way ; the application has been tested under the most unfavorable circum- stances for an entire season, and has been completely success- ful in this country. There was some doubt as to the effect likely to be produced in tropical climates, but as we have had the opportunity of experiencing a tropical heat this season, it may be considered that the same result will be attained in India. The municipality of Calcutta are about to test the method in their city where the plague of dust is also intoler- able, and where the damaging consequences of dust (there it is brick dust, the road being made with brick) are sometimes seriously felt.

135

Copy of Report to the Health Committee of the Borough of Liverpool, by the Superintendent of the Scavenging Depart- ment.

The Superintendent begs to report upon the results of the experiment made during the past watering season of the effects of Cooper's Patent Watering Salts.

The trial was made on the main line of thoroughfare through the centre of the town, viz., from St. George's to St. Luke's Church, along Lord street, Church street, and Bold street.

This line of streets may be considered as the chief line of carriage traffic for omnibusses, cars, and private vehicles, and is almost entirely macadamized road, with a small portion of paved roadway ; and it may be considered to afford as ex- treme a test as it is possible to supply.

The result may be briefly stated under two heads, viz., in point of view, firstly of watering, and secondly of financial results.

Firstly, then, regarded as a means of laying the dust, ihe use of the salts has been entirely successful, and the beneficial and useful effect of water containing the salts in weak solution is beyond comparison superior to that of plain water.

13G

The practical result may be stated to be, approximately, that two water-carts were found equal to seven wTater-carts under the old system, on a macadam road subject to heavy and incessant traffic. But upon paved streets one cart may be expected to do the work of five, where the traffic is only ordinary and not excessive.

Secondly, in a financial point of view, notwithstanding the saving in the labor of horses and carts, and leaving entirely out of consideration the economy of water, it appears that the salts cannot be used economically at the price at present charged, viz., £3 per ton, and this is the objection which I have made from the outset to the patentee.

I consider that, in order that the salts maybe used not only with advantage, but also with economy, i. e., showing a reduced expenditure on watering, the patentee should be able to supply the salts at less than £2 per ton.

This applies to Liverpool only, because the Health Com- mittee pay nothing for the water used in watering the streets.

It is true that a reduction of seventy per cent, would be effected in the quantity of water wasted on the streets during the summer season, but of this the Water Committee would reap the benefit by having so many thousands of gallons the more available for the town supply.

There are some collateral advantages derived from the use of the salts, viz., that the road surface is kept in supeiior order, and a saving is thereby effected in the cleansing of the surface to the extent of about twenty per cent.

137

Finally, no complaints have been received of any injurious Or deleterious effects produced by the salts, as to which, how- ever, Mr. Oclling, Chemist at St. Bartholomew's, has certified that they are perfectly harmless.

138

APPENDIX E.

STATEMENT SHOWING SUNDAY ATTENDANCE AT THE

MONTHS.

January. February...

March

April

May

June

July

August

September.. October November. , December. ,

Totals. ..

1SG4.

134,738 68,355 59,458 50,245

115,493 74,707

135,073 55,293 51.287 40,098 32,034 57,54-2

882,123

1,231 1,755 2,031 1,880 1,99 1,410 540 57C 1,196 1,478 403

15.8C0

9,881 14,971' 10,911 15,552 30,001 10,501 29.4S0 11,400 12,902 16,749 15,728

7,793

198,590

11,007

20,721

18G5.

1SG6.

1.021.873

133,477	201	6,569
21,755	319	7,293
38.279	1,152	16,840
107,543	2,232	27,346
58,988	1,186	17,122
118,982	1,663	26,509
171,738	1,620	31,097
100,430	1,595	27,476
107,416	2,153	34,205
90,522	1,832	32,73!!
40,630	1,386	24,450
26,113	810	10,748

16,155 262,373

4,404

U.V.'

129,200	323	8,363
71,533	486	9,403
30,657	782	12,332
73,064	1,432	32,702
149,846	1,960	28,482
121,849	1,025	20,297
125,517	1,288	25,G55
127,784	954	24,184
153,624	1,496	37,637
104,022	1,312	22,117
47,440	1,144	20,364
101,536	88C	13,684

9,393 1,226,072

13.1

255,220

6,45:

0,47

139

PARK, BY MONTHS, DURING THE PAST SIX YEARS.

1S87.

18C8.

116,570 24,666 43,029 161,768 117,252 129,725 123,578 130,676 161,115 104,791 30,657 25,807

1,170,898

220 525 1,305 2,460 1,660 1,234 984 812 1,305 1,285 929 749

13.54C

5,488 7,296 19,822 30,759 23,982 23,821 27,58'.' 24,402 32,09 • 33,094 16,966 11,791

17,279 909 2,740

257.000 29,310

193,107 81,094 65,473 57,082 136,790 161,734 105,315 179,095 69,309 105,524 57,287 25,374

1,237,844

421

18E 715 1,254 1,599 939 S75 949 849 1,281 1,223 203

10,494

8,245 3,170 12,245 17,441 28,302 30,330 20,402 23,253 20,751 29,748 30,527 4 193

233,073

6,544

2,059

1889.

113,090 54,495 56,217 101,420 100,860 144,797 162,572 219,684 104,901 89,029 52,847 18,855

8,003 1,225,379

G25 C71 C75 1,215 904 635 577 819 776 807 60S 210

8,58S

14,813 12,500 18,083 24,000 2S.720 15,021. 23,297 31,005 23:149 20.272 21,188 5,554

2^8,893

6,347 1,247

400 245

',670

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146

APPENDIX F.

Hon. Andrew H. Green,

Comptroller of the Central Park :

My Dear Sir, — I have the pleasure through you to present to the Central Park Commissioners the colossal statue of " Columbus," the work of our gifted countrywoman Emma Stebbins. Columbus is represented as standing upon the deck of a ship alone and at midnight, just before the land of the Western Continent burst upon his view. His mutinous crew have all deserted him and are feasting below, while he — the intrepid discoverer, with a firm grasp upon the rudder-post, looks eagerly, anxiously forward, piercing the darkness with his eye of faith, and, with earnest prayers to Heaven for suc- cess, waits for the dawning of the day — that day which, coming at last, brings with it victory and repose.

This statue is truly grand in its conception and beautiful in its execution — worthy, indeed, to occupy a prominent place in our Central Park. It will add one more attraction to that charming spot, which the Commissioners and yourself have done so much to adorn for the pleasure and delight of the people.

The statue and pedestal are both at the Academy of Design subject to your order as soon as a suitable glass house has been provided to protect the marble from the weather, "With

147

the hope that the Commissioners will be able to provide this during the present season and receive the proffered gift, I remain,

Your obedient servant,

MAESHALL O. EOBEETS.

Fifth Avenue, coe. Eighteenth steeet, New York, February 20, 1859.

Office of the Board of Commissioners of Central Pare, Bank of Commerce Building, 31 Nassau st., New York, March 23, 1869. My Dear Sir, — I am much gratified to be the medium of commimicating to the Commissioners of the Central Park the munificent donation that is the subject of jour expressive let- ter of the 20th ultimo.

It has often seemed very remarkable that more than three centuries should have passed away without any commemora- tion in our city of the discovery of the vast continent, of whose cities it is the chief ; and it is especially agreeable to recog- nize the fact that one of her most eminent commercial men, appreciating the exalted character of the achiever of this dis- covery, has suggested and accomplished a memorial that appropriately illustrates an event that holds no second place in historical importance.

As was fit, the xAmerican merchant and promoter of mari- time enterprise, has called upon the genius of the American sculptress to create and clothe, with all the finer expressions of art, a symbolical representation of a revelation that should have stamped ineffaceably upon the continent the name of Christopher Columbus.

148

Tlie Commissioners of the Park, concurring fully in your encomiums upon the distinguished artist who has so admirably rendered her subject, and valuing highly your kind expressions relative to the work with which they have been so long con- nected, accept the proffered statue with especial pleasure, and will immediately proceed with the arrangements necessary for its protection and preservation, that it may long stand, the subject of popular admiration and of public appreciation of the large liberality of its donor.

"With great esteem and regard, I am, dear sir,

Very sincerely yours,

AND EE W H. GKEEN,

Comptroller Central Park.

Hon. Marshall O. Koberts.

149

APPENDIX G.

New York, January 22, 1869.

Andrew H. Green, Esq. :

Dear Sir, — About ten years ago my German countrymen and myself were very much indebted to your kindness for pro- curing us the permission to erect a bust in the Central Park in memory of the poet Schiller.

In the course of this year the centenary birthday of Alexan- der Von Humboldt (born September 14, 1769), will be cele- brated, and there is a disposition in many circles to erect a monument in his honor. Could we again rely upon the per- mission of your Board, and would you be kind enough to speak in favor of our intention ?

The monument proposed is a pedestal of about ten feet high, with a bronze bust in life size, to be placed where you would indicate.

By giving a favorable answer you will oblige,

Yours truly,

W. AUFEKMANN.

Office of the Board of Commissioners of the Central Park, Bank of Commerce Building, 31 Nassau st., New York, January 27, 1869.

My Dear Mr. Aufermann, — Your kind note of the 22d instant is received.

The Commissioners of the Park cordially sympathize with those who cherish the name and fame of the illustrious Alex-

150

ander Yon Humboldt. I do not doubt that the Commissioners will cheerfully assign a location in the Park for a statue or bust that shall pass down in appropriate form, to successive generations in this land, the memory of one of whom his native land is justly proud, and whose long life was dedicated to the interpretation of the grandest phenomenon of nature for the benefit of all nations and for all time.

I am, with great respect,

Yery sincerely yours,

ANDKEW H. GEEEN,

Comptroller Cetdral Park.

W. AUFERMAN, Esq.

151

APPENDIX H.

New Yoke, March 29, 1869.

To the President of the Board of

Commissioners of the Central Park : Sir, — We send herewith a study that is intended to serve as a further illustration of our plan for the re-arrangement of the Sixth and Seventh avenue approaches to the Park at Fifty- ninth street.

Since this plan was laid before you, in 1866, extensions of territory on a liberal scale have been secured, in accordance with our recommendation, on the city side of the Fifth and Eighth avenue gateways, and the question of a corresponding enlargement at the two intermediate points will doubtless, therefore, at some time engage the attention of your Commis- sion.

The relative positions of the Sixth and Seventh avenue entrances coincide with each other so precisely that the accom- panying study is applicable to both localities. The design for the building, however, and even the details of the plan may be somewhat varied, without interfering with the general idea.

The main fact we have to deal with is a gateway situated at the point where a broad city avenue is abruptly terminated by the wall of a great park, evidently a salient conjunction of cir- cumstances, and a conspicuous architectural opportunity.

It is to be borne in mind in this connection, that a shaded walk forty feet in width, adjoins the Central Park wall along the line of Fifty-ninth street, and that the entrance under con- sideration is for visitors on foot only ; also, that a horse rail- road is laid down in the centre of the avenue, which is a main

152

artery for metropolitan travel, and that the cars now stop short of the Park, on the down-town side of Fifty-ninth street, while a belt railroad of secondary importance occupies the whole line of curb in front of the broad walk, and hinders visitors arriving in carriages from being set down comfortably at the Park gate.

Fifty-ninth street must, in time, become a crowded tho- roughfare, because it will have to accommodate half the cross- town travel which will be stopped by the Park between the south line and the traffic road at Sixty-fifth street. Conse- quently the point will be a critical one where the railroad avenue meets this busy street, and ample provision should be made for an accumulation of vehicles in the immediate vicinity of the Park entrance.

Architecturally considered, the position is one that seems to warrant almost any degree of liberality in its conception, for a time must come when the whole neighborhood will be filled up with handsome houses, and it will be easy then to raise funds for large structures of this specific character.

Under these circumstances our suggestion is that the avenue between Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth streets be sufficiently widened to form a public place of liberal dimensions, that the railroad be re-arranged as shown on the plan, and that the gateway be designed in the form of an arcade or shelter erected for the convenience of the public, over the wide side- walk, in front of the Park entrance.

Hoping that the general idea thus embodied may meet with a favorable consideration,

"We remain, sir,

Yours respectfully,

OLMSTEAD, YAUX & CO.,

Landscape Arcliitects.

153

APPENDIX I.

State of New York — Executive Chamber, Albany, October 11, 1869.

Andrew H. Green, Esq.,

Comptroller of Central Park, New York :

Dear Sir, — During the last week I reviewed the First and Second Divisions of the New York State National Guard.

The review of the Second Division was upon the very spacious and beautiful parade-ground connected with, and forming, I believe, a part of the Park in Brooklyn, and which is under the charge of the Park Commissioners.

I was more than ever impressed with the idea that New York City should have a grand parade-ground for the First Division, numbering probably more than eight thousand of volunteer soldiers, equal to any in the world, and, in a few remarks made, I promised to urge upon the Central Park Commissioners the necessity of making provision for division and brigade reviews, and I said that, if they would not or could not do it, I would invoke the aid of the Legislature, (not, as reported, "to interfere with the Commission," but to secure a parade-ground.)

I feel a deep interest in this matter, and beg to ask the following questions :

1st. Cannot provision be made within the limits of the present Park for division and brigade reviews ? If not, what are the reasons ? 12

154

2d. Could additional ground be taken and added to the Park for this purpose? Is there any ground which could be made available?

You have, doubtless, already given this subject much con- sideration, and wish, as I do, to secure the place for reviews, and I invite your views and suggestions.

Very truly yours,

JOHN T. HOFFMAN.

Office of the Board of Commissioners of the Central Park, New York, November 27, 1869.

Hon. John T. Hoffmann,

Governor of the State of New York :

Dear Sir, — In compliance with the request contained in your letter of the 11th ultimo, I offer a few suggestions rel- ative to the establishment of a parade-ground in this city, trusting that, in some degree, they may be useful in securing such action in the premises as to subserve the best interests of all classes of the community.

I am reluctant to trespass upon your attention to the extent required in a full examination of all the considerations in- volved in a subject that has more intimate relations to other questions than is usually supposed, and which I think cannot, with propriety, be finally acted upon without an appreciation of the importance of these relations, nor without some ac- quaintance with the military history of the State and City, and at least a general conception of the objects for which, under our form of constitutional government, a military force ought to be formed and fostered.

155

While an examination of the military legislation of the State shows that some form of military organization has been continuously maintained, it as clearly shows that while this organization has often been active and efficient it has some- times been neglected and fallen into disuse.

You are doubtless familiar with these considerations, and will give them their proper weight, but it may be worth while to allude briefly to some of the legislation of the State and City that more immediately concerns the subject.

Under the Act of April 3, 1807, a parade lying between Twenty-third and Thirty-fourth Streets and the Third and Seventh Avenues was laid out, embracing about two hundred and fifty acres.

The Commissioners who laid it out, in their report dated in 1811, when the war with Great Britain seemed inevitable, say, " the question, therefore, was not, and could not be, whether " there should be a grand parade, but where it should be " placed, and what should be its size. And here, again, it is " to be lamented that at this late day the parade could not be " brought further south and made larger than it is, without " incurring a frightful expense.

" The spot nearest to the part of the City already built " which could be selected with any regard to economy is at the " foot of those heights called Inklangberk, in the vicinity of " Kips Bay. That it is too remote and too small shall not be " denied ; but it is presumed that those who may be inclined " to criticism on that score, may be somewhat mollified when " the collector shall call for their proportion of the large and " immediate tax which even this small and remote parade will " require."

156

In 1814, during the excitement of the war, the third year after the parade of two hundred and fifty acres was laid out, and which was thought too small, the Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty represented to the Legislature that this parade was much larger than was requisite, that the expenses of it would be enormous, and prayed that it might be reduced. It was by the Legislature accordingly reduced so as to contain about eighty acres.

Fifteen years afterwards, in 1829, the remainder of it was abolished.

The Battery at the lower end of the City, containing about ten acres, was, until about the year 1839, used as one of the principal parade-grounds.

Washington square, containing about ten acres, was laid out in about the year 1828 by the Cit}- authorities as a parade- ground, and when it was first prepared for the purpose, about the year 1836, was surrounded by trees, most of the area being left open for military evolutions, but in that condition it was found unfit for the surrounding neighborhood, and was re-ar- ranged by the City with trees and walks as a square or park.

From this time down to a late date no effective measures appear to have been taken by the State or City or by the military to secure a parade-ground, and snch parades as were had were generally held, as they often now are, in the smaller Squares, Streets and Avenues of the City. Occasionally, for several years, the division parades have been held at East New York, in Kings County.

In the year 1861 a movement was made among the military for a parade-ground on the Central Park ; after much discus- sion that portion of Hamilton Square lying east of the Fourth

157

Avenue, containing about fifteen acres, and in the immediate vicinity of the Park, was set apart by the Common Council for a parade-ground, and in the year 1865 was by the Legislature also " set apart as a parade-ground for the First Division of " the N. Y. S. National Guard and the various companies, " regiments, and battalions thereof."

By the same act the Street Commissioner of the City of New York was required to cause the said portion of said square "to be properly graded and prepared for a paracle- " ground by contract or agreement, as in his opinion will best "preserve the interests of the city," and it was expressly pro- vided that " no such contract or agreement shall require, in- " volve, or authorize an expenditure of more than the sum of " twenty thousand dollars, and any contract or agreement re- " quiring or involving or authorizing the expenditure of more " than " that sum was declared void.

Notwithstanding this imperative limitation of expenditure, in the year 1867, the further sum of 830,000 was appropriated by the Legislature " for the grading and regulating Hamilton Square in the City of New York." In the year 1868 (chapter 885 of Laws of 1868) this Square was discontinued and closed, and its sale directed by the Legislature, and in 1869 the fur- ther sum of $10,000 was appropriated " for damages to the " contractor for grading Hamilton Square."

Thus it will be seen that, at a period while the military spirit was fanned by a momentous struggle in which the country was involved, land belonging to the City, that would have afforded at least tolerable accommodation for the military, was directed by the Legislature to be sold.

The Commissioners of the Park have had no jurisdiction over this land, and no hand in paying out of the money in- tended to be applied to its improvement for the military.

158

Further, by Chapter 593 of the Laws of 1866, Tompkins Square, of about ten acres, is declared "a public parade- " ground for the use of the National Guard of the First Division " State of New York, at such times as commandants of regi- " ments in said division shall designate, by orders," and it is thereby made " the duty of the Street Commissioner of the " City of New York, before the first day of July, 1866, to re- " move all trees and other obstructions " from said Square, and to " level and grade the surface of said Square in such manner " as to render it available as such parade-ground," the expense of which is to be taken from the usual appropriation for public parks.

In the year 1868 the Legislature appropriated " for paving "Tompkins Square, set apart for a military parade-ground, " with the Fisk concrete or other suitable pavement, so as to "make the same available for parade purposes, the sum of " sixty thousand dollars, to be expended under the direction of " the Street Department." (Chap. 853, Laws of 1868.)

Thus another of the squares of this city, which is sur- rounded by a dense population, has been transformed.

It will be seen by this abstract of legislation that it has never been made the dnty of the Commissioners of the Park to provide a parade for the military, the responsibility resting elsewhere ; and although they have given the subject much attention, any interposition of theirs in the premises has been informal, and with the simple desire to have done what ought to be done. And it will farther be observed that, in the cases of Washington and Tompkins squares, wherever it is intended to use a ground for military purposes permanently, the other use as a park gives way, and legislation directs accordingly, showing a recognition of the impracticability of the two uses in common.

159

As you allude to a review of the Second Division on the parade-ground in Brooklyn, it is proper to notice the legis- lation in relation to that ground, to see how different it has been from that for this city. It would be incorrect to say that the parade-ground for Kings County is a part of the Brooklyn Park. It is a separate piece of ground, laid out under a special act (Chapter 852 of Laws of 1866), " to provide for a parade-ground for the county of Kings." The expense of it, and of its care and maintenance, is, I am informed, provided for from a separate fund from that of the Park.

It is laid out at a remote part of the city, where land is comparatively cheap, and contains 40 acres. Its chief merit is that it is nearly level, and that it is separate from the Park, and, therefore, in no respect interferes with Park en- joyments.

It is placed under the charge of the Commissioners of Prospect Park, and doubtless merits the encomium you pass upon it.

The pleasure and satisfaction you found in it were very natural, being such as one always experiences on observing ample, adequate, and convenient provision for the uses in- tended, and are perhaps the best possible illustration of the correctness of the views of the Central Park Commissioners on this subject, held and expressed years before this ground was laid out. They hoped that such a ground would have been provided in this county, instead of which, the ground the city actually owned has been taken away without remon- strance, so far as I am aware.

After this brief review, and as it appears that the Com- missioners of the Park have not been required by any Act to lay out or provide a parade for the military, either in or

160

out of the Park, the next thing to consider is whether they should without any legislative requirements have provided such a ground within the limits of the Central Park. And this brings up your first question, to wit : " Cannot provi- " sion be made within the limits of the present Park for " division and brigade reviews ? If not, what are the " reasons ?"

The views of military men differ widely as to the extent of ground essential for a parade.

Some are of the opinion that ten to fifteen acres would suffice ; others think sixty acres or more essential in this city. An intelligent reply to your inquiry can only be given after a satisfactory ascertainment, by competent military opinion, of the extent of ground required for a parade and its ac- cessories under our existing and probable future military system.

A parade of ten acres might be provided in a park, while it would be difficult to provide one of sixty acres.

I am not informed of the area that you think necessary for the purpose.

The appropriation from the grounds of the Central Park of an area that would be generally deemed by intelligent military men sufficiently extensive for the review of one or more brigades or divisions, and the proper arrangement of these grounds for the accommodation of such parades, would, as the Park is shaped, seriously dimmish its capacity for civic enjoyment.

Indeed, the objects sought to be secured in a ground for popular enjoyment or park uses, and in one for military dis-

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plays are so different, and the arrangement of the grounds so incompatible, that it would be better not to attempt to com- bine them. It would hardly be possible to make a parade- ground of sufficient extent within the Park without the destruction of features which are among its chief attractions. One unapproachable characteristic of the Central Park is its varied surface, including its fine exposure of massive rocks ; as year by year the area about the Park is leveled for building, this incomparable feature will be more marked and distinctive. It is, of course, entirely within the limits of possibility to level the picturesque surface to any extent for military use. The levelling could be done for a moderate sum of ^money, but no expenditure of money could ever restore or repair the results of the destruction, or give back again to the grounds features which are peculiar and are not found in any other city park in the world.

A very brief observation will disclose the impractica- bility of keeping the sward of a park in a condition that is inviting and attractive to the visitor when it is frequently used as a parade-ground. It is not alone the military that are to be provided for in such grounds, but it is the heterogeneous crowd that follow upon military displays, in- tent only upon them, the results of whose visits, if not provided with large space beyond the limits of the parade, would be destructive to all natural embellishment. It has seemed to the Park Commissioners reasonable that, if citizens are required in the interest of the whole community to do duty as soldiers, and that duty requires drills and parades, that a satisfactory place should be provided, and that they have had repeated interviews and discussions on this subject with the military authorities of the city, and have expressed a readiness to aid and co-operate in steps to provide the necessary grounds, and they have rarely failed, when the 13

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subject has been considered, to find a concurrence on the part of the military in the propriety of their views.

The Park is a ground appropriated and arranged for the enjoyment of all the classes that inhabit a great city, and the design has been so to plan and arrange it that the visitor may immediately on entering be led, by the aid of what at once meets the eye, and by the continual discovery of fresh objects of interest, to divest himself of the thoughts and reflections that attend upon city business life, and to give himself up to an hour of undisturbed recreation.

Whatever in such a scheme properly aids in the transi- tion of the mental operations from business to pleasure or recreation is valuable.

The Park is visited by millions — citizens and strangers — the natural beauties of the landscape, of tree, shrub, and flower, of brook, meadow, and beetling cliff, as they appear, changing with the varying seasons, afford more satisfaction to a larger number of people than any other use to which the acres could be devoted, and it is not too much to say that experience has fully shown that ideas of this nature that underlie the whole design have been generally comprehended and accepted.

Few estimate correctly the number of aged persons, of invalids and children, that in these grounds find a quiet en- joyment that would be impossible if any element of interest that is attended with danger or disorder were introduced.

The charm that every man of feeling finds in the well-kept lawns, and in the walks, and in the pure air are greater and higher than any other class of attractions that can be offered.

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These are consistent with certain other uses, but not with all other uses, and no one ought to desire to impair the at- tractions of the Park by introducing others that are incon- sistent and impracticable. It is erroneous to suppose that lawns can be kept in good condition with horses and men constantly walking over them. A sward is composed of numberless tenderly organized plants easily worn, and, when overworn, the result in dry weather is dust, and in wet, mud.

The lawn of a private country place may be preserved without disfigurement even if the proprietor and his few visitors walk over it, but the Park is visited by almost as many people as there are blades of grass in its lawn. Even the enduring marble is worn out by the frequent footsteps of its visitors. The carpet on the floor scarcely endures the use of one's own family. What, then, would be the condition of a lawn with the steps of thousands constantly wearing it.

Thoughtful military men are not unmindful of these popular advantages. They will understand that neither they nor their families are excluded from the Park, and we have generally found that when they come to examine the subject in all its bearings they are, like other citizens, unwilling to forego them for any opportunity of military display that would exclude them.

There are often as large a number as 8,000 to 10,000 vehicles entering the Park in one day, because it is a place where a drive is comparatively free from danger, and because it is an agreeable resort.

It has been said that the introduction of military bands and banners, and the movements of uniformed columns, are no more dangerous in the Park than in the streets. This I

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believe to be erroneous. If a military display approaches in the avenues of the city, there are crossing streets every few yards of the way for those who desire to escape meeting it. Not so in the Park — laid out not as a city but as a pleasure-ground. On approaching a military band, one must turn around and go from it, often difficult to do where large numbers of vehicles are on the road, or take the risks and dangers of accident that might attend the meeting it. People have become accustomed to resort to the Park with a feeling of assurance that they are free from the annoyances and dangers to which they are subject in the streets, and the intro- duction of any uses that would disturb this feeling of security would be the means of expelling from the Park, numbers who now find it their only opportunity for out-door exercise and enjoyment.

The larger areas of grass are now occupied by the children of the schools. Tens of thousands come there to play, and but a short time will elapse before all the lawn surfaces of the Park, which, owing to the conformation of the ground, are of very moderate extent, will all be filled with these children, of whom there are now attending schools in the city more than one hundred and fifty thousand. This occupancy is open to all children attending schools, is greatly needed and much sought for, and is, as now regulated, a most gratifying sight to the visitor ; it harms no one, and is consistent with the plea- sure of all. Would it be well to interfere with or expel it ?

As showing the public sentiment on the question of the propriety of introducing military parades into the Park, it may not be amiss to quote a statute on the subject, passed in 1865, during the war, which is in the following words :

" No military encampment, parade, drill, review, or other

165

" military evolution or exercise shall be held or performed on " said Park, or any part thereof, except with the previous " consent of the said Board, nor shall any military company, " regiment, or other military body enter or move in military " order within said Park. No military officer shall have " authority to order, direct, or hold any such parade or drill, " review, or other evolution or exercise or encampment within " said Park, except in case of riot, insurrection, rebellion, or " war."

To this recital of the statute may be added the opinions of competent military gentlemen on this subject. Brigadier- General Josiah T. Miller, then Inspector-General of the State — during the last war a devoted and intelligent observing officer — examined into the subject of parade-grounds in this city. In his official report of the year 1864 is this passage :

" Parade-grounds are also essential, and the State should " provide one for each division, and particularly for the First " Division. This parade-ground in the First Division ought " not to be in the Central Park. Military occupancy and " exercise are inconsistent with the rules adopted for the gov- " ernment of the Park, as well as with the objects for which " the Park itself was originally designed.

"Grounds equally convenient for military purposes might " be obtained in the immediate vicinity of the Park, the occu- " pancy of which by the military would accommodate officers " and privates, and at the same time increase the enjoyment " of the general public, always fond of military spectacles."

It was after this that the action of the Common Council of the city and the Legislature above mentioned, setting apart Hamilton square for a parade, was taken. It is not singular that the military should, in common with many other appli-

166

cants for reviews, and displays, and amusements, seek the Central Park. They desire to go where order and beauty prevail ; where the people go for their enjoyment, forgetting that, except with the necessary preparation, they will destroy the very thing that they desire to enjoy.

The point, therefore, to which I desire attention is, not that a level place cannot be made on the Park for military, but that it cannot be done and at the same time preserve existing features. You cannot keep lawns frequently trampled by men, horses, and by artillery in a proper condition for others to enjoy.

If they are not kept in such a condition, you deprive tenfold more people of enjoyment than you gratify by a military use of the grounds.

The keeping of a parade-ground for the numerous military of this city in grass should not be attempted ; one use is not consistent with the other, and it is better to make adequate provision for both.

The part -oi a parade to be used by the military should be composed of a noiseless, dustless material, agreeable to the foot, and which cannot be injured by the passage of cavalry and artillery, and should have adequate shelter for men and their arms and accoutrements. It should be capacious, and regard should be had in it to the convenience of those who are to use it.

Last year Major-General Alexander Shaler, commanding the First Division of the State National Guard, courteously invited the co-operation of the Commissioners of the Central Park in a communication, of which the following is a copy :

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" Headquakteks Fiest Division N.T.S.N.G., " New Yoek, March 24, 18U9.

" Board of Commissioners of the Central Park :

" Gentlemen, — The question of providing a suitable parade- " ground for the use of the First Division National Guard " State of New York (which embraces all the State troops in " the City of New York), upon which they can all be assembled " for exercise, has agitated the minds of a goodly portion of our " community for years past, and does at the present time to " such an extent as to suggest the importance of meeting the " question without further delay.

" As you are aware, efforts have repeatedly been made to " obtain such a parade-ground within Central Park.

" After a careful examination of the portions of the Park, " at all available, I have come to the conclusion, however, that " sufficient grounds within the Park cannot be appropriated "without diverting them from the use for which they were " intended and are now applied.

" In view of this fact, and of the importance of settling for all " time a question which, until it is settled, will be a constantly- " recurring one, I have the honor to solicit the co-operation of " your honorable body with me, with a view of providing the " First Division N.Y.S.N.G. with a suitable parade-ground.

" Yery respectfully yours,

" ALEXANDEK SHALEK, "Mqj.-Gen. Commanding 1st Div. N.Y.S.N.G."

The Commissioners of the Park, being thus officially invited, and having, as it were, for the first time any right to speak on the subject, recognizing in the First Division of the N.Y.S.N.G.,

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a most efficient and well-disciplined military body, and appreciating fully the services, sometimes arduous and dan- gerous, that they are required to hold themselves ready to perform, at once responded by the appointment of a committee to co-operate with General Shaler and such of his staff as he had associated with him in the matter.

The General had examined the Park and other localities in the city, and the result of repeated interviews between him and the representative of the Park Commissioners, was the prepara- tion by the Commissioners of a plan for a ground to lay before the last Legislature. • No action was had, as is understood, because it was too late in the session.

The only ground of hesitation on the part of the Commission- ers of the Park to recommend to the Legislature the purchase of the ground shown on the plan, arose from the large outlay of money that would be required.

It is one thing to take land in a rural part of Kings County at five hundred dollars per acre, and another to take it in New York at an average of one or two thousand dollars per lot. It is for the authorities of the State to judge whether an expendi- ture of the extent required should be made to obtain a satisfac- tory parade-ground in this city.

In estabhshing a parade-ground, certain questions immedi- ately arise which are not easily answered, for want of prece- dent and experience, and because the subject is, in its nature, indefinite, changing with the popular sentiment, and with the varying interests of the military in their own discipline and efficiency.

If a parade-ground is required in this city, is it to be for work, for actual drill, and for those exercises that are neces-

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sarj to secure discipline and efficiency, or for holiday parades and mere display, or shall it combine both of these character- istics ? What is the greatest number to be accommodated at any one time ? Shall the ground be for occasional brigade and division reviews only, or shall it at the same time compre- hend arrangements for the more frequent regimental and com- pany parades and exercises now so much needed in this city ? Shall it be for the New York State National Guard alone, or shall it afford opportunities for displays of volunteer companies and for the numerous civic companies that throng the city at certain periods ?

Again, are all the arms of the regular service — cavalry, artil- lery and infantry — to be accommodated ? Is provision to be made for target practice of these various arms ? Is convenient, spacious and comfortable opportunity to be afforded to spec- tators to observe these displays, so that the discomfort of crowds may be avoided?

Shall there be one extensive parade-ground adequate for division and brigade reviews, situated as conveniently as prac- ticable, and other smaller grounds immediately in the city for the lesser parades and exercises ?

The element of accessibility is very essential for the conve- nience of the military — an element difficult of attainment on this island to the extent that would be desirable.

All these questions must be answered before the selection of a site for a ground equal to the needs of the military of this city can be properly effected, and are involved in your second inquiries : " Could additional ground be taken and added to " the Park for this purpose ? Is there any ground which could "be made available?" 14

170

Grounds immediately north of the Park could be taken and added to the Park for this purpose, and could be made available.

By an extension of the original limits of the Park north- wardly, accomplished several years since, its northern boundary now includes the bluffs that overlook, from an elevation varying from twenty-five to a hundred and thirty feet, the Harlem commons that lie between these bluffs and the 11 arlem river, a distance of nearly two miles. These lands are very nearly level, and are separated from the Park by the street that is its northerly boundary.

The buildings that are rapidly covering them have radiated southerly from Harlem, so that the portion of the common lands adjacent to the north line of the Park has not yet been much built upon.

Within the area that would be required for a parade there are few, if any, buildings of any considerable value.

It would be difficult to suggest on this island a location that affords a finer or more appropriate site for a parade-ground than would be furnished by a sufficient extent of these lands.

They could be added to and form a part of the Central Park, and remain under the same care and government, without being so actually in it as that the uses of either would be in- terfered with by the other. They are separated from it by the width of a single street ; are readily and cheaply accessible by various lines of City horse and steam cars, and by boats upon the river; from their level character could be easily regulated and arranged for a parade-ground, and by which evolutions of cavalry, infantry and artillery could be satisfactorily observed, and the plan of the ground is susceptible of an arrangement that would interfere but little with the public travel.

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I think I am quite safe in saying that the military authori- ties would readily concur in the appropriateness of this site as the most convenient and accessible or practicable on this island.

"While the Commissioners of the Park have had the power to lay out squares in other parts of the island, this especially- adapted site has never been within such power.

They are and have long been of the opinion that such a ground should be provided, and have, when called upon, not been backward in responding to the request of the military in the premises, and while they have been restrained by consider- ations of expense from recommending the acquisition of more ground for this purpose, they are now, as they always have been, ready to lend their aid to any reasonable movement to secure a capacious and satisfactory ground for the military, when their co-operation can be offered without seeming to be intrusive.

Sympathizing in your high estimate of the military of this city, it will give me great pleasure to submit to you, at any time you may suggest, the plan of the grounds above referred to, prepared with the view of answering, in a large and com- prehensive way, all the purposes that such a ground should be made to serve, in the present and for the future, and at the same time to enter, if you desire, more at length upon the de- tails of the subject than I have been able to do in this com- munication. I am, with great respect,

Yours, very truly,

ANDEEW H. GEEEN,

Comptroller of the Parle.

172

ArPENDIX J.

A DETAILED STATEMENT

Of the Living Birds and Animals in captivity on the Central Park, during the year 1869.

For the identification of the birds living in captivity the Board is indebted to George N. Lawrence, Esq., and for that of the animals to William J. Hays, Esq., of this City.

MAM VI ALIA.

Order: Quadrumana.

Family : Simiadce.

Genus : Cercophitliecus. Czrcopliithecus callitrichus (Is. Geoff.), Green Monkey; 2 spscimens, West Africa.

Genus : Cynocephalus. Cynocephalus maimon (Desm.), Mandrill ; 1 specimen, West Africa.

Order : Carxivora.

Family : Felidce.

Genus : Felis. Felis leo (Linn.) ; Lion, 6 specimens, Africa and Southwestern Asia. Felis leopardus (Linn.), Indian Leopard ; 1 specimen, Asia. Felis varius (Gray), African Leopard ; 1 specimen, Africa. Felis concolor (Linn.), Cougar Puma, or American Panther ; 2 specimens, North and South America. Felis pardalis (Linn.), Ocelot ; 1 specimen, Texas and South Amer- ica. Felis domisticiis (Linn.), Angora Cat ; 1 specimen, Asiatic Turkey.

173

Genus : Lynx. Lynx rufus (Raf.), Wild-Cat ; 1 specimen, North America.

Family : Can idee.

Genus : Cards. Canis latrans (Say.), Prairie Wolf ; 2 speci- mens, Western United States. Canis fami- liar is (Linn.), Domestic Dog ; 3 specimens, 3 varieties : 1 Newfoundland Dog, Newfound- land ; 1 Shepherd's Dog, British Islands ; 1 Greyhound, British Islands.

Genus : Vulpes. Vulpes fulvus (Desm.), Pied Fox ; 3 specimens North America. Vulpes vulgaris, (Briss.) Bed Fox ; 1 specimen, Europe. Vulpes mrginianus (Rich.), Gray Fox ; 1 specimen, United States.

Family : Viverridce.

Genus : Viverra. Viverra rasse (Horsf.), Rasse ; 1 specimen, Java.

Genus : Herpestes. Herpestes griseus (Geoff.), Moongus or Gray

Ichneumon ; 1 specimen, India. Family : Mustelidce.

Genus : Putorius. Putorius fv.ro (Linn.), Ferret ; 4 specimens, Africa.

Family : Ursulas.

Genus : Ursus. Ursus Jiorribilis (Ord.), Grizzly Bear ; 2 speci- mens, Western United States. Ursus ameri- canus (Pall.), Black Bear ; 8 specimens, North America. Ursus amerieanus var. cinnamoneus (And. and Bach.), Cinnamon Bear; 2 speci- mens, Western United States. Ursus malay- anus (Puaffe.), Malayan Bear; 1 specimen, India.

Genus : Procyon. Procyon Joior (Stcrr.), Raccoon ; 7 specimens, United States.

Genus : Noma. Nasua nasica (Linn.), Coati ; 3 specimens, South America.

174

Order : Rodentia.

Family : Sciuridce.

Genus : Sciurus. Sciurus vulpinus (Gm.), Southern Fox Squirrel ;

1 specimen, Southern United States. Sciurus carolinensis (Gm.), Gray Squirrel ; 3 speci- mens, United States. Sciurus carolinensis, var. niger (Aud. and Bach.), Black Squirrel ;

1 specimen, United States.

Genus : Tamias. Tamias striatus (Linn.), Striped Squirrel ; 1 specimen, United States.

Genus : Cynomys. Cynomys ludovicianus (Bd.), Prairie Dog ;

2 specimens, Western United States. Genus : Arctomys. Arctomys monax (Gm.), Woodchuck ; 1

specimen, North America.

Family : Casioridce.

Genus : Castor. Castor Canadensis (Kulil.), American Beaver ; 1 specimen, North America.

Family : Muridce.

Genus : Fiber. Fiber zibethicus (Cuv.), Muskrat ; 1 specimen, North America.

Family : Hystricido3.

Genus : Eretliizon. Erethizon dorsatum (Cuv.), Canada Porcu- pine ; 1 specimen, Northern United States and Canada.

Genus : Dasyprocta. Dasyprocta agouti (111.), Agouti ; 2 speci- mens, South America.

Genus : Cidogenys. Ccelogenys paca (Rengg.), Sooty Paca or Spotted Cavy ; 1 specimen, Tropical America.

Genus : Cavia. Cavia Cobaya (Linn.), Guinea-Pig ; 11 speci- mens, Brazil.

175

Family : Leporidce.

Genus : Lepus. Lepus curriculus (Linn.), Common Babbit ; 2 specimens, Europe.

Order : Pkoboscidea. Family : Ekphantidce.

Genus : Elephas. Elephas indiats (Linn.), Indian Elephant ; 1 specimen, South India. Eleplias qfricanus (Blum.), African Elephant ; 1 specimen, Af- rica.

Order : Aetiodactyla. Sub-order : Buminaxtia.

Family : Bovidce.

Genus : Bos. Bos Indicus (Linn.), Zebu ; 3 specimens, India.

Bos taurus (Linn.), Domestic Cattle ; 8 spe- cimens, 2 varieties : 2 Kerry Cattle, Ireland ; 6 Flores Cattle, Flores Island.

Genus : Bison. Bison americanus (Gm.), American Bison ; 1 specimen, Western United States.

Genus : Bubalus. Bubalus coffer (Spann.), Cape Buffalo ; 4 specimens, South Africa.

Genus : Ovis. Ovis aries (Linn.), Domestic Sheep ; 139 speci- mens, 2 varieties : 138 Southdown Sheep, England ; 1 Affghan Fat-tailed Sheep, Syria.

Genus: Capra. Copra Mrcus (Linn.), Domestic Goat; 12 specimens, 3 varieties : 2 Angora Goats, Syria ; 2 Chinese Goats, China ; 8 Common Goats, Europe.

Family : Cervidce.

Genus : Cervus. Cervus canadensis (Erxl.), American Elk or "Wapiti ; 4 specimens, North and West United States. Cervus virginianus (Bodd.),

17G

Virginia Deer ; 21 specimens, United States. Cervus mexicanus (Gm.), Mexican Deer ; 1 specimen, Mexico.

Genus : Axis. Axis maculata (Gray), Axis Deer ; 1 specimen, India.

Family : Tragididce.

Genus: Tragidus. Tragulus pygmceus (Biiss.), Kanchil, or Pigmy Musk Deer ; 1 specimen, Asiatic Islands.

Family : Oamelidce.

Genus : Camelus. Camelus drornedarius (Linn.), Common Camel ; 2 specimens, Arabia. Camelus lac- trianus (Linn.), Bactrian Camel ; 1 specimen, Central Asia.

Sub-order : New Ruminantia.

Family : Suidce.

Genus : Dicotyles. Dicotyles fajacu (Linn.), Collared Peccary ;

2 specimens, Soutli America. Dicotyles labi- atus (Cuv.), White-lipped Peccary; 1 speci- men, Texas and South America.

Genus : Sus. Sus scrqfa (Linn.), Domestic Hog ; 2 specimens, 2 varieties : 1 Japanese Hog, Japan ; 1 Chinese Hog, China.

Order : Maesupialii. Family : Didelphidce.

Genus : Didelphys. Didelphys virginianus (Shaw), Common Or ossum ; 2 specimens, United States.

177

AVKS.

Order : Passekes.

Family : Turdidce.

Genus : Tardus. Turdus musicus (Linn.), Song Thrush ; 1 specimen, British Islands. Turdus migra- torius (Linn.), American Eobin ; 1 specimen, North America. Tardus merida (Linn), Blackbird ; 1 specimen, British Islands.

Genus : Harporhynchus. Harporht/nchus rufus (Linn.), Brown Thrush ; 1 specimen, North Ameiica.

Genus: Mimus. Mimus pobjglotfus (Linn.), Mocking Bird; 1 specimen, Southern United States.

Family : Saxicolidce.

Genus : Sialia. Sialia sialis (Linn.), Bluebird, North Ame- rica ; 1 specimen. Family : FringilUdce.

Genus : Serinus. Serinus canaria (Linn.), Canary Birds ; 2 specimens, Canary Islands.

Genus : Spizella. Spkdla socialvs (Wils.), Chipping Sparrow ; 1 specimen, North America.

Genus : Passer. Passer domcsticus (Linn.), European Spar- row ; 1 specimen, Europe.

Order : Zygodactyli. Family : Rampliastidw.

Genus : Ramphastos. Rampliastos toco (Gm.), Toco Toucan ;

1 specimen, Brazil and West Indies. Ram- phasios arid (Vig.), Ariel Toucan ; 1 speci- men, Brazil.

Family : Psittacidce.

Genus : Sittace. Sittace macao (Linn.), Bed and Blue Macaw ; 1 specimen, Central America.

178

Genus : Conurus* Conurus pertinax (Lin.), xanlholcemus (Scl.), St. Thomas Conure ; 2 specimens, West Indies.

Genus : Chrysotis. Chrysotis leucocephala (Linn.), White-headed

Parrot ; 1 specimen, Cuba. Genus : PUdolophus. PUdoloplius sulpliureus (Gm.), Greater Sulphur-crested Cockatoo ; 2 specimens, Aus- tralia.

Order: Accipitres.

Family : Vulturidoe.

Genus : Gy pectus. Gy pectus barbatus (Linn.), Bearded Vulture ;

1 specimen, Europe. Family : Falconidce.

Genus : Buteo. Buteo borealis (Gm.), Red-tailed Hawk ; 2

specimens, North America. Genus : AquilcL Aquila canadensis (Linn.), Golden Eagle ; 2

specimens, North America. Genus : Halicctus. Halicctus leucocephalus (Linn.), Bald Eagle ;

19 specimens, North America. Genus : Tinnunculus. Tinnunculus alaudariiis (Gm.), Kestrel ;

1 specimen, British Islands. Genus : Circus. Circus hudsonius (Linn.), Marsh Hawk ; 1

specimen, North America.

Family : Strigidce.

Genus: Bubo. Bubo virginianus (Gm.), Great Horned Owl ; 14 specimens, North America.

Order : Pullasteje.

Family : Columbida\

Genus : Streptopelia. Streptopelia risoria (Linn.), Ring-Dove ; 6 specimens, Africa.

179

Genus : Phlogcenas. Phlogcenas cruentata (Lath.), Red-breasted

Pigeon : 1 specimen, Philippine Islands. Family : Pemlopidce.

Genus : Ortalida. Ortalida bronzina (Gray), Bronzed Guan ; 3 specimens, Venezuela.

Family : Cracidce.

Genus : Orax. Crax alector (Linn.), Crested Curassow ; 1 spe- cimen, Tropical America.

Genus : Pauxi. Pauxi mitu (Linn.), Razor-billed Curassow ; 1 specimen, Tropical America.

Order : Galling.

Family : Perdieidce.

Genus : Lojihortyx. Lophortyx californicus (Shaw), California Quail ; 1 specimen, California.

Family : Phasianidce.

Genus : Phasianus. Phasianus colcliicus (Linn.), English Phea- sant ; 2 specimens, British Islands.

Genus : Euplocamus. Euplocamus nycthemerus (Linn.), Silver Pheasant ; 1 specimen, China.

Genus : Gallus. Gallus domesticus (Linn.), Domestic Fowl ; 5 specimens, 4 varieties : 1 Silky Fowl, China; 1 Cochin Fowl, China ; 1 Silver Poland Fowl,

Europe ; 2 Bantams, India. Gallus ( ?),

(Fowl hybrid), 2 specimens.

Family : Pavonidce.

Genus : Pavo. Pavo cristatus (Linn.), Peafowl ; 32 specimens,

India. Family : Niimididce.

Genus : Numida. Numida melcagris (Linn.), Guinea Fowl ; 38 specimens, Africa.

180

Order : BllEVIPENNES. Family : Struthionidce.

Genus : Rhea. Rhea americana (Lath.), Common Rhea ; 4 specimens, South America.

Order : GllALUS.

Family : C Icon iidce.

Genus : Ciconia. Ciconia alba (Linn.), White Stork ; 1 speci- men, Africa.

Family : Ardeidoe.

Genus : Ardea. Ardea cincrea (Linn.), English Heron ; 1 spe- cimen, Europe.

Genus : Tigrisoma. Tigrisoma cabanisi (Heine), Tiger Bittern ; 2 specimens, Central America.

Family : Rattidoe.

Genus: Gvllimila. GalUnuJa mariinica (Linn.), Purple Gal- linule; 2 specimens, United States.

Order : Lamellirostres.

Family : Anatidce.

Genus : Cygnus. Cygnus olor (Gin.), European Swan ; 44 speci- mens, Europe. Cygnus buccinator (Rich.), Trumpeter Swan ; 1 specimen, North Amer- ica. Cygnus a' rat us (Lath.), Black Swan ; 2 specimens, Australia.

Genus: A user. Anser ferus, (var. Linn.), Bremen Goose; 6 specimens, Europe. Anser cygnoides (Linn.), Chinese Goose ; 2 specimens, China.

Genus : Aix. Aix sponsa (Linn.), Summer Duck ; 2 specimens, North America.

Genus : Anas. Anas boschas (Linn.), Mallard Duck ; 2 speci- mens, North America. Anas boschas (var. domtsticus), White Duck ; 17 specimens. North America. Anas ( ?), Duck (hy- brid), 1 specimen. Anas ( ?), Duck,

(hybrid), 11 specimens.

181

IJEI'TILIA.

Order : Testudinata.

Family : Emydoidos.

Genus : Chrysemys. Chrysemys picfa (Gray), Painted Turtle ;

10 specimens. United States. Genus : Cistudo. Gistudo virginea (Ag.), Common Box Turtle :

7 specimens, United States.

Family : Chehjdroidce.

Genus : Chelydra. CJielydra serpentina (Schw.), Alligator Tur- tle ; 1 specimen, United States and Canada.

Order : Crocodilia.

Family : CrocodUidce.

Genus : Alligator. Alligator mississippiensis (Gray), Alligator ; 7 specimens, Tropical America.

Genus : Crccodilus. Crocodiles ( ?), Crocodile ; 1 sj>eci-

men, Africa (?).

Order : SAURIA.

Family : Iguanidce.

Genus: Doliosaurus. Doliosaurus McCaUi (Girard), Horned Toad, California and Mexico.

Order : Ophidia.

Family : Boidce.

Genus: Boa. Boa constrictor (Linn.), Common Boa; 1 speci- men, Tropical America.

Genus : Eunectcs. Eunectes murinus (Linn.), Anaconda ; 16 specimens, Tropical America.

Genus: Chilobotlirus. Ghilobothrus inornatus (Dunv.), Yellow Snake ; 2 specimens, Jamaica, W. I.

182

Family : Cohtbridce.

Genus : Eukvnia. Eutcenia sirtcdis (B. & GL), Garter Snake; 2 specimens, United States.

Family : Crotdlldce.

Genus : Crotalus. Crotalus durissas (Linn.), Common Battle- snake ; 2 specimens, North America. Crotalus adamanteus (Beanr. ), Diamond Battle-snake ; 1 specimen, Southern United States. Crotalus conftucntus (Say), Battle- snake ; 2 specimens.

BATRACHIA.

Order : AtfOUKA.

Family : Hykirfce.

Genus : Hyla. Hyla versicolor (LeC), Tree-Toad ; 3 specimens, Northern United States.

ART I C UL. ATA.

Order : Hymexoptera.

Family : Ajjiarice.

Genus : Apis. Apis mdlifica (Linn.), Hive Bee ; 3 colonies, Europe.

183

Mammalia. Quadrnmana . . 3

Carnivora 52

Rodentia 28

Proboscidea ... 2 Artiodactyla. . .203 Marsupialia ... 2

Total.

290

SUMMARY.

Aves.

Passeres 10

Zygodactyli ... 8

Accipitres 40

Pullastrse 7

Galling 86

Brevipennes ... 4

Grallse 6

Lainellirostres. 88

Reptilia.

Testuclinata ... 18

Crocodilidae ... 8

Sauria 1

Ophidia 26

Total

53

Total 219

Batrachia. Anoura 3.

GRAND TOTAL.

Mammalia 290

Aves 249

Reptilia 53

Batrachia 3

Living collection 595

NUMBER OF ORDERS, GENERA, AND VARIETIES.

Orders. Genera. Varieties.

Mammalia 6 36 62

Aves 10 39 52

Reptilia 4 11 13

Batrachia 1 1 1

21 87 128

184

LIST OF SPECIES

Exhibited for the first time on the Central Parle during the year 1860.

MAMMALIA.

QUADEUMANA :

Mandril. Gynocephalus mounou. "West Africa. Black Spider Monkey. Aides niger. South America.

Cheiroptera : Brown Bat. Vespertilio subulatus. North America.

Carnfvora : Lion. Felis ho. Africa and Asia. Leopard. Felis varius. Africa. Jaguar. Felis onca. South America. Angora Cat. Felis domesticus. Asiatic Turkey. Newfoundland Dog. Canis familiaris. Newfoundland. Red Fox. Vidpes vulgaris. Europe. Ferret. Futoriusfuro. Africa.

Pixkepedia :

Common Seal. Phcea vitulina. Coast of Labrador.

Prc boscidea : Indian Elephant. Elephas indicus. South India. African Elephant. Elephas africanus. Africa.

Artiodactyla : Bactrian Camel. Ca?nelus bactrianus. Central Asia. Affghan Fat-tailed Sheep. Ovis aries. Syria. Angora Goat. Cafra hircus. Syiia. Zebu. Bus indicus. India.

AVES.

Passeres :

Thrush. Tardus musicus. British Islands. Chipping Sparrow. Spizella socialis. North America.

185

Yellow Bird. Ghrysomitris tristis. North America.

Zygodactyli : Toco Toucan. Ramphastos toco. Brazil.

Culminated Toucan. Ramphastos winch tat us. Tropical America . White-headed Parrot. Chrysotis leuq^cephata. Cuba.

Accipitres :

Kestrel. Thmwnvidus alaudarius. British Islauds.

PULLASTR2E :

Eefl-breasted Pigeon. Phhgcenas cruentata. Philippine Islands . Galling :

Silky Fowl. GaUus domest ic us. China. Cochin Fowl. GaUus domesUcus. China. Fowls (hybrid).

Bronze Guan. Ortalida bronzina. Venezuela. GRALLiE :

English Heron. Ardea cinerea. Europe. Steganopodes :

Frigate Pelican. Tachypetes aquila. Southern United States.

Pygopodes : Loon. Col //ni has torquatus. North America.

REPTILIA.

Testudinata :

Speckled Tortoise. Nanemys guttata. North America.

Crocodilia : Crocodile. GrocodUus ( ?). Africa.

Sauria :

Horned Toad. Doliosaurus McCalli. California and Mexico. Ophidia :

Garter Snake. Eutainie sirtalis. United States. Green Snake. Ghlorosoma vernalis. United States. 15

186

BATRACHIA.

Anoura :

Tree-Toad. Hyla versicolor. United States.

C KUSTACEA.

Entomostraca : Horse-shoe Crab. Simvlus polyphemm. Atlantic Coast.

LIST OF SPECIES

That hare bred in the Central Pari- for the year 1869.

MAMMALIA.

No. Bred.

4 Prairie Wolves. C. latrans.

2 Dogs (hybrid), { ££££1 | Claris.

3 Scotch Terriers. C. famUiaris. 3 Red Foxes. V.fidrus.

2 Ferrets. P.furo.

20 Guinea-Pigs. C. cobaya.

16 Eabbits. L. canictHus.

1 Wapiti Deer.* C. canadensis.

5 Red Deer. 0. Virginia n us.

3 Flores Cattle. B. taurus. 124 Southdown Sheep. 0. aries.

2 Chinese Goats. C. hi revs.

AVES.

15 Ring-Doves. S. risoria.

12 Peafowls. P. cristatus.

60 Guinea-Fowls. N. mdeagris.

14 White Swans. C. olor.

10 White Ducks. A. domesticus.

15 Ducks hybrid .

\aJta

{A. domesticus. t '. moschcUa.

187

CONTINUED LIST OF BIKDS INHABITING THE PAKE.

Family : FringiUidce.

130 Padda oryzirora (Linn.), Java Sparrow. Several pair

set loose on the Park by Mr. J. Jones.

131 Fringitta ccelebs (Linn.), Chaffinch. Several pair set loose

on the Park.

132 Loxia leucoptera (Gm.), White- winged Crossbill. Very

rare.

133 Chroicocephalus Philadelphia (Ord.), Bonaparte's Gull.

Very rare. Specimen shot after leaving Harlem Lake.

y