ANNUAL REPORT

of tHe

Board of Sheep Commissioners

of tHe

STATE OF MONTANA
1903-1904

CONTAINING AI.SO

New Law Relating to Sheep Passed in 1905,

Governor's Quarantine Proclamations of 1905,

Regulations for Disinfection of Cars,

Directions for Dipping of Sheep,

Article on Repression of Contagious and
Infectious Diseases.

It is imperative that ilontana Sheep Hen and Breeders Elsewhere
who import Rams into Montana should read the provisions
of the new law relating to Sheep Inspection, Dipping,
and Quarantining of Sheep, and the Disinfection
of Cars used in sheep shipments from one
point to another within the state.

State Publishing Co., Helena, Mont.

Annual lleport

OF THE

Board of
Sheep Commissioners

OF

Montana

1C^03-1Q04

T C. POWER, President
CORNELIUS HEDGES, Jr., Secretary

HELENA, MONTANA

STATE PUBLISHING COMPANY
HELENA, MONT.

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2013

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Annual Report of the Board of Sheep Commissioners

OF MONTANA.
1903-1904.

TO MONTANA SHEEP MEN.

This pamphlet contains the new law approved by the Governor
February 28, 1905. It is absolutely essential that every sheep man
in the state should be familiar with this law and its provisions re-
specting the disinfection of cars in which any sheep are to be shipped
to points within Montana; the law and formulas for the dipping
of sheep, and the quarantine proclamations which must positively
be observed, and all of which are important.

No Montana sheep owner should import any rams or stock sheep
into the state without first familiarizing himself with these pro-
visions.

It is desired to place a copy of this pamphlet in the hands of
every sheep owner in the state. If you do not receive one and will
so advise the secretary, a copy will be mailed promptly free of
charge.

Helena, Montana, Dec. 10, 1904.
To President T. C. Power and Members of the State Board of Sheep
Commissioners :

Herewith I present to you the transactions of this office for the
past year.

BOARD CHANGES.

Soon after the last annual meeting Commissioner David Smet-
hurst of Carbon County handed to Governor Toole his resignation.
The reason given for this action was that he was no longer engaged
-in the sheep industry and wished to give way to an active sheep
man to the end that his county, which is largely interested in sheep,
might be represented on the Board. Governor Toole promptly ap-
pointed another gentleman to fill the vacancy, but so far as I have
been able to learn he has not yet qualified.

About the same time Commissioner David Hilger of Fergus County
tendered to Governor Toole his resignation as a member of this
Board.

In his letter apprising us of his action he states that he could not
find time to attend to its duties and that he had disposed of his

slieep interests and was engaged only in cattle raising. The resigna-
tion was accepted by the Governor and the vacancy filled by the
appointment of Mr. B. C. White of Garneil, well known as an intel-
ligent and interested sheep man, and well qualified for the position.

In parting with Mr. Hilger we cannot refrain from expressing our
regrets and in complimenting him on his unfailing courtesy and
promptness in his correspondence with this office, while his reports
were always most carefully prepared and contained much informa-
tion from his county — which was formerly, if not still, the banner
woolgrowing county of the state.

APPROPRIATIONS.

The appropriations made at the last annual meeting were in due
time made out in the form of claims and presented to the State
Board of Examiners, and all were approved except that of Mr. John
F. Patterson for dipping and supervising the dipping of certain
sheep in Chouteau County. This claim was more than two years
old. It has first been presented to the owners of the sheep and by
them declined. Mr. Patterson, through his attorney, then presented
the claim to this Board and it was in turn submitted to the Board
of Examiners, having first been approved by Commissioner Bourne.

The State Board of Examiners disapproved the bill, giving as
their reasons that it was contracted before the present Board of
Sheep Commissioners was appointed. They, however, stated that
they deemed it of sufficient merit to recommend that it be made the
subject of a special appropriation by the forthcoming legislature,
and would so recommend it to their consideration.

The bill of Inspector R. IT. Clendenin of Meagher County, w^hich
one member of the Board had stated was not a proper charge against
the state fund, was submitted to the Board in accordance with your
instructions of one year ago. The claim was approved by the other
two members of the Board and the warrant issued to Mr. Clendenin.

With one member dissenting, the claims of your President for
$600.00 to apply on the judgment against former Inspector Henry
Struck, and for $250.00 in favor of the National Livestock Associa-
tion, were also approved by the Board of Examiners.

In the matter of the appropriation for Struck, an attorney was
employed by your President to prepare a brief in the matter for
consideration by the Board of Examiners.

EXPENDITURES.

The expenditures of the Board for the year ending November 30,
1904, including all the appropriations of the last meeting, together
with $111.00 of outstanding warrants for November, amount to

$4,904.01. This is larger than heretofore and is in excess of the
yearly receipts.

The expenditures are classified as follows:

Commissioners' expenses . . .$ 468.60

Inspection and treatment 2,739.00

Stationery, postage and incidentals 1,146.41

Secretary's salary 550.00

$4,904.01

RECEIPTS.

The receipts to the fund during the year ending November 30,
1904, were $3,968.08. This is a smaller amount than the fund for-
merly received, but it must be remembered that the levy is now but
one-quarter of a mill on the dollar, where previous to 1903 it was
one-half a mill.

At the end of the fiscal year — November 30, 1904 — there was in
the fund the sum. of $9,043.46, and it is the earnest desire of your
officers that it be spent only, as heretofore, in maintaining the
strictest inspection for the detection^ of scab, and if sanction be
given, in assisting in the discovery and prosecution of those engaged •
in perpetrating bounty frauds.

DISCIPLINE.

So far as known, but one arrest was made during the past year,
and that was in Custer County at the instance of Inspector Dan H.
Bowman. The offending parties were the proprietors of sheep that
crossed into Montana without reporting to the Montana inspector.
A conviction was secured and fine imposed.

Complaint was made to the Board by a sheep man in Meagher
County that he had reason to believe that one of his neighbors had
systematically stolen sheep from him and asking for the appointment
of a special detective by the Board. The matter was referred to ^
Commissioner Folsom for settlement and we are not advised as to
the outcome.

INSPECTORS.

Owing to the immense extent of state line between Wyoming and
Montana and the trouble alluded to before, Commissioner O'Neil!
late in the season asked for an additional inspector for Custer
County to aid in policing the state line. He has not as yet rendered
any bills and we cannot tell anything as to how long it was neces-
sary for him to serve.

Early in the year considerable trouble was feared from scab in
what looked to be a bad outbreak in Teton County. Mr. S. L. Potter
was induced to take charge of the work of superintending the dip-
ping of the diseased and exposed sheep. By his prompt action its
spread was prevented and in July he made report that the county
was free from scab.

In Meagher County, where there has been much trouble from
scab in certain bands for many years, the situation was greatly
cleared by the shipment of. the bands in which the trouble has
occurred. It is to be hoped that the trouble has been relieved in
that quarter.

The inspectors in both Chouteau and Rosebud Counties have been
busy and vigilant. There have been large movements of sheep in
both counties and some little trouble was feared, but last reports
from both quarters were to the effect that the sheep were free from
disease.

LEASING OF PUBLIC LANDS.

During the latter part of July we were advised that there was to
be a hearing in Denver, Colorado, conducted by a joint committee
of members of congress and representatives of various departments
of the government, regarding the lease of unappropriated public
lands of the government. We were urged to be present at that time
or else prepare a statement expressive of the wishes of the Board.
Such a protest was framed and transmitted to Mr. Charles F. Martin,
secretary of the National Livestock Meeting, for presentation to
the committee.

But a short time thereafter we were much shocked to learn of
the very sudden death of Mr. Martin. Mr. JMartin ha^ been an
indefatigable worker for the livestock interests and his loss will
be most keenly felt. "While he may have been radical in some of
his views, his efforts were always directed to enhancing the value
of livestock products and promoting in every way the welfare of
the stockmen. He took a considerable interest in the effort to have
an anti-shoddy bill passed by the last congress.
' The meetings of the National Livestock Association are yearly
increasing in importance and interest and at least two of our Com-
missioners— Lindsay and Bourne — were present at the last session
of that body in Portland. The next meeting of the Association will
be held in Denver, January 10-14, 1905. The National Woolgrowers'
Association will immediately precede it on the 9th of January.

PROPOSED LEGISLATION.

The principal matter to be discussed at the present meeting will
be the i)roposed changes in inspection and quarantine laws, which

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was partially considered at the last meeting one year ago. If our
sheep men will stand together in the matter of these changes there
is no doubt that they may be secured. There has been no little
complaint on the part of inspectors in the manner of their remunera-
tion, and in some instances it has been difficult to get men to fill the
positions. Without attempting to influence your action in the mat-
ter, I would respectfully remind you of the two recommendations
of sheep men who met to consider the subject in October, 1903, dur-
ing the State Fair, called together by President Power. The repre-
sentative sheep men there present expressed themselves as in favor
of paid inspectors, and of a law to compel sheep being moved from
one county to another to have certificates.

Eespectfully submitted,

CORNELIUS HEDGES, JR.,

Secretary.

STATICTIOS.

It has been impossible to make an independent compilation of
statistics relating to the sheep industry, as few of the sheep com-
missioners made any complete returns. We print herewith such
as were received.

Mr. A. C. Logan, of /Billings, Montana, who enjoys the reputation
of being a well informed man on the sheep industry, in his pamphlet
issued in 1904 estimates the number of sheep in the state at 5,115,532 ;
the number of pounds of wool sheared at 34,500,000.

The number of sheep actually assessed in the state during 1904,
according to the figures of the State Board of Equalization, is as

follows :

Stock sheep . 4,022,856

Lambs 93,475

Rams 22,434

Total.. 4,138,765

Assessed valuation $8,453,594

In connection with the above figures it must be remembered that
lambs are not assessed, except where run in straight bands, which
accounts for the small number.

BEAVERHEAD COUNTY.

1. Number of sheep on hand March 1, 1904, 153,291.

2. Number of sheep brought into this county from other states
since March 1, 1904, 18,000.

3. Number of lambs docked since .March 1, 1904, 94,000.

4. Number Iambs and sheep slaughtered or sold and shipped out
of state since March 1, 1904, 42,300 lambs, 16,500 ewes, 23,250
wethers.

5. Number pounds of pelts sold since March 1, 1904, and price
per pound received for same,

6. Number of pounds of wool sheared since March 1, 1904,
1,460,203; and price per pound 'received for same, about 15V2C.

7. Number of pounds of wool consigned, and at what advance. . . .

8. Number - of sheep destroyed by wolves and coyotes during
past year, 3,426.

9. General health and condition of sheep now in this county, good.

10. General details of any scab or other infectious disease, if any,
existing during the past year and to date : No disease that we know
of. • Sheep in good condition, although we had a very dry year.

11. Remarks and general information -relating to the industry:
Please state if you have any wool stored in Montana (after Sept. 1st).
No wool in store in the county, and no wool contracted or sold for
delivery shearing time 1905.

JAS. P. MURRAY,
Sheep Commissioner, Beaverhead County, Montana.
Dated at Dillon, Montana, Jan. 14, 1905.

FERGUS COUNTY.

1. Number of sheep, 633,970.

2. Number of sheep brought into this county from other states
since" March 1, 1904, none reported.

3. Number of lambs docked since March 1, 1904, 242,133.

4. Number of lambs and sheep slaughtered or sold and shipped
out of state since March 1, 1904, 179,783.

5. Number of pounds of pelts since March 1, 1904, 108,960 ; and
price per pound received for same, 9%c.

6. Number of pounds of wool sheared since March 1, 1904, 4,758,-
916 ; and price per pound received for same, 17.90c.

7. Number of pounds of wool consigned, and at what advance^
none.

8. Number of sheep destroyed by wolves and coyotes during
past year, 9,500.

9. General health and condition of sheep now in this county:
Never better.

10. General details of any scab or other infectious disease, if
any, existing during the past year and to date : See general report.

11. Remarks and general information relating to the industry.

Please state if you have any wool stored in Montana (after Sept.
1st) : Average weight per fleece, 7.86 pounds.

B. C. WHITE,
Sheep Commissioner.

Dated at Garneil, Montana, February, 1905.
To the Hon. the State Board of Sheep Commissioners, Helena, Mont.

Gentlemen : From the data furnished by the sheep men of Fergus ■
County I have the honor to report to your body that the sheep and
woolgrowing industry of Fergus County is in a highly satisfactory
condition, as regards the general health of the sheep and absence
of all infectious or contagious disease among the sheep of the county.

Sheep men look forward to a prosperous year for the business and
anticipate better prices for wool, sheep and lambs than have pre-
vailed for several years passed.

The wool clip for Fergus County for 1904 amounted to 4,758,916
pounds, and sold at an average price of 17.93 cents per pound, bring-
ing to the sheep men the sum of $853,272.64.

The sheep sold numbered 179,920. Placing the average price per
head at $1.80, which includes the lambs sold, the sales amounted to
$323,856.00. The number of pounds of pelts sold amounted to 108,-
960, which sold at an average price of 9% cents per pound, bringing
$10,626.60. The number of lambs held in excess of the sheep sold
and destroyed by wild animals amounted to 28,571, valuing them
at $1.80 per head or $51,427.80, making a total of $1,238,983.04
brought into Fergus County by the wool grooving industry for the
year.

The total number of sheep returned to the assessor was 605,333 ;
adding the number of lambs held over we have in the county at the
present time 633,904 head of sheep, and this is not taking into ac-
count several thousand sheep wintering in the county but owned
outside. The losses from wild animals amounted to 9,500 head, and
complaint is made by several sheep men against the inefficiency of
the present bounty law.

The average weight of fleece per sheep was 7.86 pounds, but
owing to the favorable conditions that have existed during the fall
and winter it is believed that the sheep of the county will average
fully eight pounds the coming season, and the wool clip of 1905 bids
fair to be of high quality, as sheep went into the winter in good
condition, and the universal report is that the general condition of
the sheep is excellent and that they are ''doing fine."

There has been no severe storms and but little cold weather, that
would call for feeding. The winter ranges have been in splendid
condition with no deep snow or crust, although in some localities
there has not been as much open water as during some years, but
with what snows that have fallen sheep have not suffered for water.
Only one case of supposed exposure to scab has been reported, and

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this band of sheep is under strict quarantine, and up to the present
time there have been no developments that indicate that the band
is infected.

No wool was reported as consigned, and for the first time in the
history of the county the woolgrowers had a splendid home market
at Lewistown, and we believe the Lewistown market averaged the
highest in the state, as several clips sold as high as 20% cents. A
large amount of wool was sold on the ranches and at the shearing
pens, a circumstance unusual in the experience of the woolgrowers
of the ''Inland Empire."

There is lack of organization and co-operation among the sheep
men in both the county and state, and the sheep men seem to think
it is a waste of time to meet and discuss matters that affect their
industry, whereas every other class of business men meet to discuss
matters that relate to their business, while the sheep man goes it
alone. He is imposed upon in freght rates, in assessment and taxa-
tion, by wool buyers and commission men, and he protests against
it, but as there is no organization through which he can ask for
redress, his business has to bear whatever burden is placed upon it,
and he will get no recognition or redress until he fully appreciates
the fact that there is strength in organization. That a few days
spent once a year, meeting with his brethren in the business is not
time wasted, and still further, when delegates are sent to National
Livestock Conventions, to act upon matters of vital importance to
the sheep business, the sheep men want to be sure the delegates have
authority to act, instead of representing nothing for lack of member-
ship of sheep men in any woolgrowers' organization.

B. C. WHITE,
Sheep Com. for Fergus County.

PAEK COUNTY.

1. Number of sheep on hand March 1, 1904, 65,000.

2. Number of sheep brought into this county from other states
since March 1, 1904, 22 bucks.

3. Number of lambs docked since March 1, 1904, 25,000.

4. Number lambs and sheep slaughtered or sold and shipped out
of state since March 1, 1904, 30,000.

5. Number pounds of pelts sold since March 1, 1904, 10,000; and
price per pound received for same, 8c.

6. Number of pounds of wool sheared since March 1, 1904, 455,-
000; and price per pound received for same, 15%c.

7. Number of pounds of wool consigned, and at what advance. . . .

8. Number of sheep destroyed by wolves and coyotes during the
past year, 1,200.

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9. General health and condition of sheep now in this county:
Could not be better.

10. General details of any scab or other infectious disease, if
any, existing during the past year and to date : There has been no
scab or other disease the past year or at any other time in Park
County.

11. Remarks and general information relating to the industry.
Please state if you have any wool stored in Montana (after Sept.
1st) : There is no wool stored. Sheep are in good condition, and
everything is favorable for them to winter well.

SAML. O'N. C. BRADY,

Sheep Commissioner.

Dated January 1st, 1905.

POWELL COUNTY.

1. Number of sheep on hand March 1, 1904, 79,300.

2. Number of sheep brought into this county from other states
since March 1, 1904, none.

3. . Number of lambs docked since March 1, 1904, 27,600.

4. Number of lambs and sheep slaughtered or sold and shipped
out of state since March 1,1904, 18,000.

5. Number pounds of pelts sold since March 1, 1904, 10,000 ; and
price per pound received for same, 8c.

. 6. Number of pounds of wool sheared since March 1, 1904, 519,-
750; and price per pound received for same, about 15c.

7. Number of pounds of wool consigned, and at what advance. . . .

8. Number of sheep destroyed by wolves and coyotes during
^ past year, about 2,070.

9. General health and condition of sheep now in this county, good.
But from the present outlook I think we are going to be greatly dam-
aged from the Anaconda poisonous smoke in the valley.

10. General details of any scab or other infectious disease, if any,
existing during the past year and to date :

11. Remarks and general information relating to the industry.
Please state if you have any wool stored in Montana (after Sept.
1st) : No wool left on hand.

"WILLIAM WILLIAMS,

Sheep Commissioner.

GENERAL QUARANTINE PROCLAMATION, 1905.

State of Montana, Executive Office, Helena, April 3, 1905.
"Whereas, Under the provisions of an act of the Ninth legislative

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assembly of tlie state of Montana entitled, ''An act to foster, develop,
protect and promote the sheep industry of the state of Montana, and
to appoint a Board of Sheep Commissioners, and appoint inspectors
and deputy inspectors, and to define their duties and powers and
the duties and powers of the state veterinary surgeon in connection
therewith," and to repeal an act entitled, ''An act for the appoint-
ment of a Board of Sheep Commissioners, and to define their powers
and duties," approved March 5, 1897, and section 3030, inclusive,
of the Political Code covering the' same subject, approved Feb. 2&,
KOd, it is made my duty whenever I shall have reason to believe
that any of the diseases mentioned in said act, or any contagious oi
infectious disease has become enzootic or epizootic in certain locali-
ties in any other state, territory or country, or that conditions exist
that render sheep likely to convey disease, that I shall thereupon
by proclamation designate such localities and prohibit the importa-
tion from them of any sheep into this state, except under such re-
strictions as I, after consultation with the president of the Board
of Sheep Commissioners or state veterinarian, may deem proper, and
Whereas, I have reason to believe that conditions exist in the fol-
lowing named localities which render sheep when brought into this
state likely to convey the disease known as "scab" and other con-
tagious or infectious diseases, it is hereby ordered that all sheep im-
ported into the state of Montana from Alabama, Alaska, Arizona,
Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida,
G-eorgia, Idaho, Indiana, Indian Territory, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,
Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jer-
sey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio,
Oklahoma Territory, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South
Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia,
Washington, AYest Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming and the Dominion
of Canada, must when shipped into the state of Montana be loaded
at point of starting into properly disinfected car or cars and be
shipped in such properly disinfected car or cars into this state, where
upon arrival at point of railroad destination in this state, such sheep
must be immediately placed under the supervision of a sheep inspec-
tor or a deputy sheep inspector and by him be properly dipped,
treated and quarantined under the direction of the state veterinary
surgeon.

When sheep are driven or trailed into the state of Montana, then
the owner or person in charge thereof, shall give due and sufficient
notice of the expected arrival of such sheep at the state line and
the point thereon must be designated in the notice given to the state
veterinary surgeon, and all such sheep must be dipped at the state
line or point of entry into the state of Montana, as the state veteri-
nary surgeon may direct.

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The provisions of this proclamation shall only apply to sheep
intended for detention or ownership within the state of Montana,
and shall not apply to sheep in transit through the state by railroad
when such sheep are accompanied by a health certificate issued by
an inspector of the federal bureau of animal industry.

I hereby warn and direct all persons, companies and corporations
importing sheep into the state of Montana, to give due and sufficient
notice to the state veterinary surgeon of the time of expected arrival
of any such sheep into the state of Montana, which notice must be
in the office of the state veterinary surgeon at least five days before
such expected arrival.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the
Oreat Seal of the state of Montana to be affixed, at the city of Helena,
the capital of the state of Montana, this 3rd day of April, 1905.

JOSEPH K. TOOLE.

By the Governor :

A. N. YODER, Secretary of State.

DAWSON COUNTY QUARANTINE PE.O0LAMATION.

Executive. Office, Helena, Mont., April 7, 1905.

Whereas, Under an act entitled, ''An act to foster, develop, pro-
tect and promote the sheep industry of the state of Montana, and to
appoint a board of sheep commissioners and appoint inspectors and
deputy inspectors and to define their duties and powers, and the
duties and powers of the state veterinary surgeon in connection
therewith; and to repeal an act entitled, 'An act for the appoint-
ment of a board of sheep commissioners and to define their powers
and duties,' approved March 5, 1897, and sections 3030 to 3046 in-
clusive of the Political Code covering this subject," the act under
which this proclamation is issued being entitled, "Substitute for
Senate Bill No. 15," approved by the governor Feb. 28, 1905; it is
made my duty upon the recommendation of the president of the
board of sheep commissioners or state veterinary surgeon, to issue
proclamation scheduling certain localities within the state of Mon-
tana for the prevention of contagious and infectious disease among
sheep, and to prevent the removal from such localities or the impor-
tation into such localities of all sheep ; and

Whereas, I have reason to believe that conditions exist which ren-
der all sheep within the following described area in Dawson county,
this state, likely to convey the disease known as scab, it is hereby
ordered that no sheep shall be driven, trailed or otherwise trans-
ported into or out of the following described eastern portion of
Dawson county:

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Conimeiiciiig at the month of the Big Dry, up this creek to the
junction of Big Timber creek; thence up Big Timber creek to the
junction of the east branch ; thence up the east branch in a south-
easterly direction to its head; thence in a direct line southeasterly
to the head of the middle Fork of Cherry creek; thence down
Cherry creek to its junction with Magnadier creek; thence down
Magnadier creek to its junction with the Yellowstone ; thence down
the Yellowstone to its point of crossing the Montana-Dakota boun-
dary line ; thence northerly on the Montana-Dakota line to its point
of crossing the Missouri river ; thence up the Missouri river to the
original point of starting, the mouth of the Big Dry creek.

All persons are hereby ordered not to remove from or within the
above described area any sheep or to transport out of said described
area any sheep excepting upon order of the state veterinarian.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the
Great Seal of the state of Montana to be affixed at the city of Helena,
the capital of said state, this 7th day of April, 1905.

JOSEPH K TOOLE.

By the Governor :

A. N. YODER, Secretary of State.

NEW SHEEP LAW OF 1905.

Substitute for Senate Bill No. 15.

''An Act to foster, develop, protect, and promote the Sheep Indus-
try of the State of Montana, and to appoint a Board of Sheep Com-
missioners and appoint Inspectors, and Deputy Inspectors, and to
define their duties and powers, and the duties and powers of the
State Veterinary Surgeon in connection therewith;" and to repeal
an Act entitled, ''An Act for the appointment of a Board of Sheep
Commissioners, and to define their powers and duties," approved
March 5, 1897, and Section 3030 to Section 3046, inclusive, of the
Political Code covering the same subject."

Be it Enacted by the Legislative Assembly of the State of Montana :

Section 1.

The Governor of the State of Montana is hereby directed and em-
powered to appoint a Board of Sheep Commissioners, consisting of
one member of each of the counties of the State, which appointment
shall be made with the consent of the Senate, when in session. The
members of said Board, before entering upon their duties, shall take
the oath of office prescribed by the Constitution, which oath of office
must be filed in the office of the Secretary of State.

Section 2.

Each member of said Board shall be an actual resident of the

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County for which he is chosen, and an owner of sheep within the
State, or directly interested therein, and must, during his term of
office, reside within such county. The members of said Board shall
hold oftice for a term of two years, and until their successors are
appointed and qualified, and in case of vacancy in said Board from
death, resignation or otherwise, the Governor shall fill such vacancy
by appointment.

Section 3.

The Board must organize by electing one of its members as Presi-
dent, and appointing a competent person as Secretary, which Secre-
tary shall receive such compensation as may be allowed by said
Board. The members of the Board shall receive actual expenses
incurred by them in the performance of their duties, but shall receive
no other compensation for their services except as Inspectors or
Deputy Inspectors, or protecting the sheep industry as may be pre-
scribed by the rules of the Board. Five members shall constitute a
quorum for the transaction of business.

Section 4.

The Board may divide the State into suitable Districts for inspec-
tion purposes, and provide for and appoint Inspectors and Deputy
Inspectors, when necessary. It shall be the duty of the Board to
exercise a general supervision over the sheep industry of the State,
and to do all acts that, in their judgment, will foster and develop
said industry, and protect the same from theft and disease, and
shall devise and recommend, from time to time, such legislation as,
in their judgment, will foster and develop said industry. The Board
may employ all proper and lawful means to procure the attendance
of witnesses before it, and may employ attorneys to advise the Board
and to assist in the prosecution of any person or persons guilty of
any offense against any of the laws and interests of sheep owners,
and the protection and fostering of the sheep industry.

The Board shall have power to make rules and regulations for
its own government, and for the guidance and direction of Sheep
Inspectors, and may convene whenever necessary, provided that
there shall be at least one meeting of said Board each year.

The duties of the Secretary shall be such as may be prescribed
by the Board.

Section 5.

It is the duty of the Board to audit all bills for expenses incurred
in the protection or fostering of the sheep industry, under the pro-
visions of this Act, and if found correct, to certify the same to the
State Auditor, who shall present the same to the State Board of
Examiners, and when approved by said Board, he shall draw a
warrant on the State Treasurer in favor of the person or persons
entitled to such compensation or reimbursement, in the sum so

^16—

certified and approved, payable out of the ''Sheep Inspection and
Indemnity Fund. ' '

Section 6,

The Board must make an annual report in writing, to the Gov-
ernor, on or before the 20th day of December in each year. Such
report must give a complete statement of the transactions of the
Board during the year, and a summary of the reports of the Sheep
Inspectors.

Section 7.

The Board of Sheep Commissioners, when in session, or when not
in session, the resident of said Board must, upon request of any
organized wool growers' associations in the state, or of any three
sheep owners in any county, or upon request of the State Veterinary
Surgeon, appoint a capable person as Sheep Inspector for such
countj^, who shall hold his office during the pleasure of the Board,
or when the Board is not in session at the pleasure of the State
Veterinary Surgeon, and the President of the Board, and must per-
form the duties hereinafter prescribed.

The Sheep Commissioners of each County may recommend a suit-
able person for Inspector.

The Board of Sheep Commissioners, or when the Board is not in
session, the President thereof, or the State Veterinary Surgeon, may
when deemed necessary, appoint one or more special Inspectors, who
shall make and file the same oath, perform the same duties, and have
the same power and authority as Inspectors.

The Sheep Commissioner of any county may be appointed Inspec-
tor, or Special Inspector, and when acting as such Inspector, or
Special Inspector, shall be entitled to the same compensation as
Inspector.

Section 8.

The Inspector need not be a resident of the county for which he
is appointed. He must, before entering upon the duties of his office,
take the oath of office prescribed by the Constitution, which oath
of office shall be filed with the Secretary of State. The Board of
Sheep Commissioners, or when the Board is not in session, the Pres-
ident of said Board, or the State Veterinary Surgeon, may request
an Inspector of one county to go to another, county and perform,
the duties of Inspector therein, or to assist the Inspector of such
county, and when appointed to assist an Inspector, the Inspector of
that county shall have general supervision and control over the
work to be performed.

Section 9.

The Board of Sheep Commissioners, and when the Board is not
in session, the President of said Board, or the State Veterinary Sur-
geon, may employ persons to take charge of all diseased sheep when
in quarantine or otherwise, upon refusal of owners to take proper

—17—

care and to assist the Sheep Inspector, and the person so employed
shall be under the supervision and control of the Sheep Commissioner
and Inspector of that county.

Section 10.

The Inspector must inspect all sheep within his county, which
he may have received notice or information are affected with, or
have been exposed to any infectious or contagious disease, and in
case he finds the same are not so diseased, or exposed, he must make
and issue a certificate, stating such facts ; but if the sheep are af-
fected with or have been exposed to any infectious or contagious
disease, they must be quarantined, and the regulations for their
quarantine holding and keeping must be at once made by such
Inspector, each Inspector so appointed must personally supervise
the dipping of, or otherwise treating of all scabby or diseased sheep
within his county, and appoint the date for each and every dipping.
He has the right with the advice and consent of the State Veterinary
Surgeon, to determine and superintend the preparation and mix-
ture of material used in dipping the sheep, and must cause all sheep
so quarantined to be distinctly marked with a red letter ''S" on the
right side.

In the discharge of his duties, the Inspector shall, so far as prac-
ticable, comply with the instruction, rules and regulations prescribed
by the State Veterinary Surgeon, and the Board of Sheep Commis-
sioners. AH sheep dipped shall be held in quarantine at least ninety
days after the last dipping, or until released therefrom by the In-
spector upon the order of the State Veterinary Surgeon.

Section 11.

Upon receipt of information of any of the facts mentioned in the
preceding section, or that any sheep within his county are affected
with or have been exposed to any infectious or contagious disease,
the Inspector must immediately cause such sheep, and all sheep
running in the same flock, or upon the same or contiguous range
with them, to be examined, and if found so diseased or exposed to
disease, to be quarantined and held with a certain limit or place, to
be designated by him, and such sheep must be held in quarantine
until the owner or person in charge, or the Inspector has eradicated
such scab or other infectious disease, and the Inspector issues a cer-
tificate stating such facts and releasing such sheep from quarantine.

When sheep infected with, or which have been exposed to, any
infectious or contagious disease, have been kept in any building
or corral, the Inspector must inspect and quarantine such premises,
and prohibit any sheep being placed therein until such premises
have been cleaned and thoroughly disinfected, which must be at-
tended to within ten days from date of quarantine.

Section 12.

In all cases of scab, or other infectious disease, among sheep in

—18—

this state, the Inspector has authority to order a quarantine of the
infected premises and diseased animals, or animals exposed to such
disease, and to define the limits within which such sheep must be
kept, and in case such disease becomes enzootic or epizootic in any
locality in this State, the President of the Board of Sheep Commis-
sioners, or State Veterinary Surgeon, must immediately notify the
Governor, who must thereupon issue his proclamation, forbidding
any sheep to be transferred from said locality without a certificate
from the Inspector or State Veterinary Surgeon, showing such sheep
to be free from any infectious or contagious disease.

Section 13.

Whenever the Governor has reason to believe that any of the dis-
eases mentioned in this Article or any infectious or contagious dis-
ease has become enzootic or epizootic in certain localities in any other
state or territory, or that conditions exist that render sheep likely
to convey disease, he must thereupon by proclamation designate
such localities, and prohibit the importation from them of any sheep
into this State, except under such restrictions as he, after consulta-
tion with the President of the Board of Sheep Commissioners or
State Veterinary Surgeon, may deem proper. Any person, who,
after publication of such proclamation, knowingly receives in charge
any such sheep from any of the prohibited districts, or transports or
conveys the same to and within the limits of any of the counties of
this State, is punishable, as hereinafter provided, and is liable for
all damages which may be sustained by any person, by reason of the
importation, transportation, or reception of such prohibited sheep.

Section 14.

Upon the issuing of a proclamation by the Governor, imposing
restrictions upon the importation of sheep from any other country,
state or territory, the owner or person in charge of sheep being
shipped or driven into the State of Montana from any country,
state or territory against which quarantine has been declared, must
forthwith notify, by telegraphic dispatch, the State Veterinary Sur-
geon at Helena, Montana, stating from what country, state or terri-
tory said sheep are being shipped or driven, the number thereof,
and where they will first arrive in this state or be unloaded.

Section 15.

Whenever the State Veterinary' Surgeon receives the notice men-
tioned in the preceding section, he shall immediatly notify the In-
spector of the county into which such sheep shall first come to be
unloaded, and it shall be the duty of the said Inspector to imme-
diately inspect said sheep, and if he finds that they are affected
with scab or any other infectious or contagious disease, he may
make such order with reference thereto as he may deem necessary,
as provided in Section 18 of this Act.

—19—

Section 16.

The expense of inspecting, feeding, holding, dipping, treating,
marking and taking care of all sheep inspected, quarantined, dipped
or otherwise treated, under the provisions of this act, including the
fees and expenses of the Inspector on account of services in con-
nection with the same, must be paid by the owner, agent or person
in charge of such sheep, and such charge shall be a lien upon such
sheep for such charges and expenses, v\;^hich lien shall be prior and
paramount to any and all other liens, demands, or claims against
such sheep, and the Inspector may retain possession of such sheep
until such charges and expenses are paid; but such lien shall not
be dependent upon possession, and such lien may be foreclosed in the
name of the Inspector, by a sale of the sheep, or as many thereof as
may be necessary to pay the same, and costs of sale, at public auc-
tion, upon ten days' notice given by posting notices thereof in three
public places in said county, or such lien may be foreclosed by an
action in court, or an action may, without foreclosing such lien,
be maintained in any court of competent jurisdiction against the
owner of such sheep, to recover the amount of such charges and
expenses; provided, however, that the fees and expenses of the
Inspector for inspecting sheep which have been within this state
six months preceding such inspection, shall be paid out of the Sheep
Inspection and Indemnity fund.

Section 17.

In no case must any sheep affected with, or that have been ex-
posed to any infectious or contagious disease, be removed or allowed
to be removed, from one point to another, within any county, or
from one county to another, without a written certificate from the
Inspector. It shall be unlawful for any railroad company or trans-
portation company to ship sheep from one place to another within
this state in cars in which other sheep have been shipped until such
cars have been cleaned and carefully disinfected, under the direction
of the State Veterinary Surgeon, or Inspector, who shall give a
certificate which shall accompany the shipment.

It shall be the duty of the railroad or transportation company,
before cleaning or disinfecting any such car or cars to give notice
to the State Veterinary Surgeon, at Helena, Montana, at least five
days before the cars are to be so cleaned and disinfected; and it
shall be the duty of the State Veterinary Surgeon, upon such notice
being given, to inspect or cause to be inspected, on or before such
date, such car or cars, so cleaned and disinfected, and to give the
proper certificate therefor.

It shall be the duty of every person before shipping sheep by rail
from one place to another in this state, to notify the railroad or
transportation company and also the State Veterinary Surgeon at
Helena, Montana, at least five days before the shipment is to be

—20—

made, of the date the shipment is to be made, the number of sheep
to be shipped, and the station from which and the station to which
tliey are to be shipped.

Section 18.

AYithin five da^^s previous to the arrival of any sheep into this
state, from any other state or territory, the owner or agent in charge
of sucli sheep must report by telegraphic dispatch, to the State
Veterinary Surgeon, at Helena, Montana, stating from what coun-
try, state or territory such sheep are shipped or being driven from,
the number thereof, and the place where they will first enter the
state, and where it is intended to unload them, or, such notice may
be given by registered mail, if mailed in time, so that in the ordi-
nary course of mails it will reach the State Veterinary Surgeon's
office five days before such sheep would reach the state, and the
State Veterinary Surgeon shall, immediately on receipt of such
notice, notify the Inspector of the county in which the sheep shall
first come to be unloaded, and it shall be the duty of such Inspector
to immediately inspect the same, and to make such order or orders
for thoiir qua>l"antme, treatment and dipping as he may deem
necessary.

Section 19.

Any sheep that are shipped or driven into this state with the
intention on the part of the owner, of holding them within the state
longer than is necessary to feed in transit, which must be done in
railroad stockyards, must be at once quarantined, dipped and
branded with a red letter ''S" on the right side, under the super-
vision of a duly authorized Inspector, at the point of entry or un-
loading or as near such point as may be deemed safe by the Inspector
in charge, without danger of scattering infection.

After being dipped and branded, they may be moved to the ranch
or range where it is the intention of the owner to keep them, pro-
viding they can be moved to such ranch or range within ten days^
when they must be dipped a second time and remain in quarantine
for ninety days or until inspected and released by order of the
State Veterinary Surgeon. If the owner or agent fails to so report
for inspection, or the said sgent or owner fails to obey the order
of the Inspector, he or they shall be punishable as hereinafter pro-
vided.

The provisions of this section shall not apply to sheep that are
billed and shipped through the state.

Section 20.

The Inspector in each county shall receive for his services while
necee-sarily employed in the discharge of his duties, not exceeding
Eight ($8.00) Dollars per day, which includes all necessary travel-
ling and other expenses incurred in going to and returning from the
place where such inspection is had, or other services performed.

—21—

Section 21.

The State Veterinary Surgeon or Deputy State Veterinary Sur-
geon shall have authority concurrent with the Inspector to inspect
and quarantine sheep and do any and all other acts, and make any
and all orders that the Inspector or Sheep Commissioner is by this
act authorized to do or make, and shall have authority to supervise
and direct the action of the Inspectors in the discharge of their
duties. And the State Veterinary Surgeon shall have authority to
prescribe how sheep shall be dipped or otherwise treated, the kind
of dip, which may be any one recognized by the United States Bu-
reau of Animal Industry, and to make rules and regulations for
the instruction and guidance of the Inspectors in the discharge of
their duties.

Section 22.

Whenever any Inspector files in the office of the State Auditor
any bill with proper reports and vouchers, duly approved by the
President of the Board of Sheep Commissioners, setting forth :

1. The name in full of such Inspector.

2. The kind and nature of the services rendered.

3. The particular locality where the work was done.

4. The time when, and the length of time employed.

5. The number of sheep inspected and the name of the owner
or. person in charge.

6. The disease or diseases treated, the number treated for such
disease, and the length of time of such treatment, and the result.

7. The amount claimed, and the value of the services.

8. The amount of expenses necessarily incurred.

9. A statement and account of all money received by him from
any owner of sheep on account of services performed under this
Act, including any sums realized on account of any lien therefor.

10. The State Auditor must, when such bill is approved by the
State Board of Examiners, draw a warrant in favor of such In-
spector, payable out of any moneys in the Sheep Inspection and
Indemnity Fund."

Section 23.

Every Inspector appointed under the provision of this Article,
must keep a book account to be known as the "Inspection Eecord, "
in which he must enter and record all his official acts and proceed-
ings. Such record must particularly show the name of the owner of
every flock of sheep inspected, when the same was inspected and
the number in each flock, the result of such inspection, whether
the same were quarantined, the limits of the quarantine, when re-
leased therefrom, the names of the persons to whom certificates
have been granted, and when, and all orders and directions made
in relation to any matters herein designated.

He shall notify the Secretary of the Board of Sheep Commission-

—22—

ers wlien any sheep are brought into his county from any other
state or territorj^, when any sheep are inspected by him and found
to be diseased, with the name of the owner, the number thereof, and
where located, when any sheep are quarantined by him, the limits
of the quarantine, and when such sheep are released therefrom, and
furnish such other information as the Secretary of the Board of
Sheep Commissioners may, from time to time, require.

Upon the termination of his term of office, he shall deliver such
record to the Secretary of the Board of Sheep Commissioners.

Section 24.

Any person who brings or causes to be brought into this state,
any sheep infected with scab, or other infectious or contagious
disease, or who shall violate, or fail to comply with any order made
by the Inspector, State Veterinary Surgeon, or Deputy State Vet-
erinary Surgeon, or proclamation issued by the Governor, under
the provisions of this Act, or who violates or disregards any of
the provisions of this Act, or who shall, in any manner hinder, ob-
struct or resist any Inspector, Veterinary Surgeon or Deputy Vet-
erinary Surgeon in the discharge of his duties, or who shall break
any quarantine, or wilfully or negligently permit any animals to
escape such quarantine, shall upon conviction be punished by im-
prisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by fine not
exceeding One Thousand ($1,000.00) Dollars, or by both such fine
and imprisonment, and shall be liable to a civil action for all dam-
ages which may be sustained by any person by reason of such act
or acts.

Section 25.

Every Inspector must, on or before the 30th day of November
of each year, make a report in writing to the Secretary of the Board
of Sheep Commissioners, showing from his inspection record par-
ticularly the matters therein contained since his last report, which
report shall be in triplicate, and one shall be filed in the office of
the Secretary of said Board, and one transmitted to the State Vet-
erinary Surgeon, and the said State Veterinary Surgeon must em-
body the information thus given in his report to the Governor. If
such report is not made in triplicate by the Inspector, the Secretary
of the Board shall make and certify a copy thereof, and transmit
the same to the State Veterinary Surgeon.

Section 26.

The Board of Sheep Commissioners, or the President of said
Board when the Board is not in session, shall have authority, upon
recommendation of the State Veterinary Surgeon, to employ one
or more specialists to investigate any subject relating to fostering,
promoting and protecting the sheep industry of the State, and cause
to be performed any act or thing, which, in their (or his) judgment,
is necessary, or would tend to foster, promote and protect the sheep

—23—

industry. Such specialist or specialists may be employed by the
day, week, month or year, and shall be under the direction and
control of the Board of Sheep Commissioners, or when the Board
is not in session, the President of said Board. The expense of such
specialists shall not exceed Five ($5.00) Dollars per day each, to-
gether with actual expenses for transportation.

Section 27.

The Board of County Commissioners at the time of the annual
levy of the taxes, must levy a tax of one-fourth of a mill on every
dollar of the assessed value of all sheep in their respective counties
to be collected as are other taxes, and paid to the State Treasurer,
who must keep the same as a separate fund to be known as the
''Sheep Inspection and Indemnity Fund," which fund must be used
in defraying any expenses of the Sheep Inspectors and all other
expenses incurred under the provisions of this act, except the salary
of the State Veterinary Surgeon; but at no time shall any warrant
be drawn upon said fund in excess of the amount of moneys in said
fund, or to exceed the amount of taxes collected and paid in.

Section 28.

The Sheep Commissioners appointed under the provisions of Sen-
ate Bill No. 100, approved March 5th, 1897, shall continue in office
for the term provided in said Act ; but hereafter shall be governed
and controlled by the provisions of this Act.

Section 29.

That an Act entitled, ''An Act for the appointment of a Board of
Sheep Commissioners, and to Define their Powers and Duties," ap-
proved March 5th, 1897, and Section 3030 to Section 3046, inclusive,
of the Political Code, and all Acts and parts of Acts inconsistent
with this Act are hereby repealed. /

Section 30.

This Act ' shall take effect and be in force from and after its
passage and approval.

' EDWIN NOEKIS, President of the Senate.
WYLLYS A. HEDGES, Speaker of the House.
Approved February s28, 1905.

J. K. TOOLE, Governor.
Filed Feb. 28, 1905, at 4:35 P. M.

A. N^YODER, Secretary of State.

RULES AND ORDER OF BUSINESS FOR STATE BOARD OF
SHEEP COMMISSIONERS.
I.

Each county in the State shall constitute an inspection district.

—21—

II.

Oue Inspector may be appointed for each district and receive
such compensation as is provided by law, and as many deputies as
necessary. The financial condition of the Commission to be con-
sidered.

III.

Inspectors may be nominated by the Sheep Commissioner acting
for the county in which they are to serve, and be confirmed as
provided by law.

IV.

Inspectors may be under the supervision and direction of the
Sheep Commissioner of the county in which they serve, when not
conflicting Avith the established general supervisory prerogatives of
the State Veterinarian, and President of the Board of Sheep Com-
missioners.

Y.

It shall be the duty of the Sheep Commissioner of each county
to take an active interest in all matters pertaining to the sheep and
wool-growing industry in his county, making a written report to
the President of the Board not later than November 30th of each
year, of all matters coming under his supervision, as far as possible
showing in detail the number, age and kind of sheep slaughtered
or shipped out of the State from said county, giving names of the
parties disposing of same ; also to show the number of pounds of
wool marketed from that county, giving the names of the owners
thereof. The Commissioners shall be reimbursed for all actual ex-
penses incurred in the performance of these duties, as provided by
law, and it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Board to fur-
nish suitable blanks and stationery to each Commissioner for his
use in performing the duties herein prescribed.

VI.

The President and Secretary shall have authority to investigate
and approve or disapprove all claims against the State ''Sheep In-
spection and Indemnity Fund," and report the same to subsequent
regular or special meetings of the Board.

VII.

The annual meeting of the Board shall be held in the office of
the Board during December of each year, at the call of the President.
The President shall have authority to call a special meeting at any
time whenever in his judgment it is advisable to do so. He shall
call a meeting of the Board upon the written request of a majority
of the Commissioners. At any regular or special meeting the pres-
ence of five members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction
of business, and the order of business shall be as follows:

—25—

1. Calling the roll.

2. Reading minutes of the previous meeting.

3. Election of officers.

4. Eeports of officers.

5. Reports of committees.

6. Unfinished business, and

7. General business.

VIII.

These Rules and Order of Business may be amended or abolished
by a majority vote of the members present at any regular meeting,
without previous notice.

CAR DISINFECTION.— FOR SHEEP SHIPPED TO POINTS
WITHIN THE STATE.

]Ielena, Montana, April 5, 1905.
Agreement between the various Railroad Superintendents of the
Great Northern and Northern Pacific, President T. C. Power of
the Sheep Commission, and the State Veterinarian.

From March 15th to December 1st of each year, all cars in which
sheep are shipped shall be disinfected and cleaned according to the
provisions of Substitute for Senate Bill No. 15, for which disinfec-
tion there shall be made a charge by the railroad company against
the shipper of $1.50 per car.

From December 1st to March 15th, there shall be no disinfection
of cars and no charge made for the same, excepting some contin-
gency arises requiring disinfection during the period covered from
December 1st to March 15th, then such shall be done on order of
the State Veterinarian, for which the railroad company may charge
a double rate for disinfection, i. e., $3.00 per car.

Provided that all sheep intended for shipment from one point
within Montana to another point intended for immediate slaughter,
then cars need not be disinfected, but the shipper, owner or person
in charge shall make an affidavit setting forth the above mentioned
facts, which affidavit shall be attached to the way bill.

Bucks or breeding sheep that are shipped in box cars other than
stock or sheep cars, may be shipped without disinfection of such cars.

M. E. KNOWLES,

State Veterinarian.

Approved.

T. C. POWER, President Sheep Commission.
See Circular No. 1-S.

—26—

INSTRUCTION TO INSPECTORS— HOW TO DISINFECT CARS.

Circular S, No. 1.

Office of State Veterinary Surgeon.

Helena, Montana, April 6, 1905.

To Slieep Inspectors : — In accord with Section 17 of Substitute for
Senate Bill No. 15 approved February 28, 1905, it will be your duty
upon direction from this office, to superintend the cleaning and dis-
infection of all cars in which sheep are to be shipped in this state
where the shipments originate in and the point of destination is
within this state. Therefore, upon notification from this office, you
will proceed at once to the point designated and superintend the
cleaning and disinfection of all cars of the class above referred to.

One of the following methods must be used in this disinfection :

The car must be first carefully cleaned and all debris removed
therefrom, after which — First steam at a pressure of 100 lbs. may be
used in applying steam jet to all the surface of the car, including
floor and sides, not less than 20 seconds at each point of application
to the wood work. Simply turning steam on to the wood work and
going over it hastily will prove of no avail.

Second, scalding hot water applied to all the inside surface of the
car under steam pressure with hose where all wood work is covered,
will be efficient.

Steam and hot water can only be used during the summer months
and when the weather is warm.

Third, spraying all the inside wood work of a car with any of the
reliable cresylic acid preparation, or crude carbolic acid made of a
strength of not less than one part of the cresol preparation or crude
carbolic acid to fifty of water, will be effective any time of the year,
this spray to be applied to every portion of the inside of the car until
it is thoroughly wet. (In cold weather this must be applied HOT.)
The preferable method of making this application is by some one of
the compressed air spray apparatuses.

Fourth, the entire inside of the car may be lime washed with a
white wash containing not less than 2 ounces of crude carbolic acid
to each gallon.

After the cars are thoroughly disinfected, you will tag each one
with a tag supplied from this office, giving the date of inspection and
YOUR SIGNATURE MUST BE PLACED UPON THE TAG AT THE
POINT DESIGNATED. You will then report to this office the in-
itials and number of each car disinfected, point of origin and point
of destination, the name of the consignor and consignee, the number
of sheep shipped, and you will also kindly return to this office a
duplicate of the health certificate issued.

Cars that have been disinfected for a shipment within the state
and that are to be used again within the state for shipping sheep ;

—27—

in the meantime not having left the state, may be utilized for again
shipping sheep within the state without disinfection upon the assur-
ance from the railroad superintendent or his duly authorized agent
that the above facts are as stated. ,

When mutton sheep are to be shipped from one county within this
state to another where such sheep are intended for immediate
slaughter, then no disinfection of cars will be required, but the owner
or person in charge shall make an affidavit setting forth the fact that
such sheep are so intended and will be used for immediate slaughter
and that they will not be turned upon the public range or mixed with
other sheep. Such affidavit shall be attached to and accompany the
way bill, provided that no sheep intended for immediate slaughter or
other sheep can be shipped out of a county in which any contagious
or infectious disease exists among sheep, excepting upon special per-
mit and order by the State Veterinarian.

These regulations apply only to sheep that have been within the
State of Montana six months or longer.

Tack disinfection card on car with 4 tacks, one in each corner.

Report car numbers and initials on card supplied from this office.

M. E. KNOWLES,

State Veterinarian.

Approved.

T. C. POWER, President Sheep Commission.

NEW BOUNTY LAW.

An Act to amend Sections 3070, 3071, 3072, and 3076 of the Political

Code of Montana, fs amended by an Act approved March 6th, 1903 ;

relating to the Bounties for the killing of certain wild animals.
Be it Enacted by the Legislative Assembly of the State of Montana :

Section 1. That Section 3070 of the Political Code of the State
of Montana, as amended by an Act approved March 6th, 1903, be and
the same is hereby amended so as to read as follows :

"Section 3070. That there shall be paid out of the fund named in
Section 3076 of the Political Code of the State of Montana, as ap-
proved March 6th, 1903, created for the killing of the following
named animals, hereafter killed in the State of Montana, the follow-
ing bounties :

For each grown wolf, $10.00; for each coyote $3.00; for each wolf
pup $3.00 ; for each coyote pup $3.00 ; for each mountain lion $10.00.

Section 2. That Section 3071 of the Political Code of the State
of Montana, as amended by an Act approved March 6th, 1903, be
and the same is hereby amended so as to read as follows :

Section 3071. Any person killing any of the aforesaid animals.

—28—

except mountain lions, to obtain bounty thereon, shall, within sixty
d iys of the date of the killing, exhibit the skin or skins of the said
a:Mii:nl or animals including the tail and the skin from the entire
head, including the ears thereof, to the Bounty Inspector nearest to
the locality in which the animal or animals were killed; and shall
at the same time, file with the Bounty Inspector, as hereinafter pro-
vided, an affidavit setting forth that he killed the animal or animals
from which the skin or skins were taken; that the same was killed
nearer to, or if more than one hide is presented, that the greater num-
ber were killed nearer to the residence of the said Bounty Inspector
to which the same was presented, than to any other Bounty Inspector,
and also state the county or counties in which said animals were
killed, and every Bounty Inspector appointed under the provision of
this Act shall be empowered to administer oaths to any and all per^
sons making any affidavit as aforesaid: Provided, however, any per-
son killing any mountain lion to obtain the bounty thereon, shall pre-
sent the same to a Bounty Inspector as provided in this Section for
wolves and coyotes, except that in addition to the requirements of
this Section the skins of mountain lions shall also contain the entire
skin of the lower jaw which shall be severed by the Bounty Inspector
and thereafter treated in the same manner as scalps of wolves and
coj^otes herein provided.

Section 3. That Section 3072, of the Political Code of the State
of Montana, as amended by an Act approved March 6th, 1903, be and
the same is hereby amended so as to read as follows:

Section 3072. It shall be the duty of the Judge of the District
Court presiding over any of the counties within the state to forthwith
appoint three representative stock growers, whose duty is shall be to
appoint, not to exceed ten Bounty Inspectors within any of the Coun-
ties of the State, whose duty shall be to receive and examine all
skins or pelts presented for bounty within their respective localities ;
the said Bounty Inspector shall receive ten cents for each skin exam-
ined, said amount to be paid by the owner of said skin ; and each shall
take the oath of office provided in case of county officers, said oath
to be filed with the County Clerk of the County wherein he shall be
appointed; each Bounty Inspector shall to prevent fraud, minutely
examine each skin presented, and should such examination disclose
that the scalp and ears, with the skin from the entire head of each
animal or animals, has not been severed, punched, patched or in any
• manner marked, he shall there in the presence of the persons pre-
senting such skin, mark each skin by severing the skin from the head,
including the ears, and then redeliver the skin or skins to the person
presenting the same, and shall require the affidavit of one resident
taxpayer residing in the vicinity in which said animal or animals
were killed, setting forth that he is a resident taxpayer and taxpayer
on livestock in said county, giving his postoffice address and stating

—29—

that he is personally acquainted with the person presenting the skin
or skins, and to his own knowledge, information and belief, said per-
son did kill or cause to be killed the animals from which the skin or
skins were taken, within sixty days preceding the offering of such
skins for bounty, in the locality nearest to where said Bounty In-
spector resides, and at the same time make out and deliver to said
person, a certificate addressed to the County Clerk of his County, and
immediately mail to said County Clerk a duplicate thereof, showing
the date, number and kind of skins so marked by such severing, and
the name of the person presenting the fact of the filing of the affidavit
herein provided for, and the examination made as required; and said
certificate shall be duly signed by him in his official capacity. Pro-
vided, that when any doubt shall exist as to the kind of skin or skins
presented, whether w^olf or coyote, the certificate shall be issued for
the lesser bounty, and each Bounty Inspector shall keep a record in
a bound book of all the skins so marked and severed, showung the
date, number and kinds, the names of the persons presenting the
same, which book shall be a book, of official record, and the Bounty
Inspector shall immediately string upon a wire all of said scalps, in-
cluding the ears thereof as severed by him, and securely seal ends of
said wire with a lead by means of a punch, both to be furnished by
the State Board of Stock Commissioners, each punch to contain a let-
ter of the alphabet and no two punches in the same County to con-,
tain the same letter, and numbering seal with a number correspond-
ing with the number of Bounty Certificate issued for the skin or skins
contained thereon together with his letter ; all wolf, coyote, pup wolf,
and pup coyote heads to be strung on separate wires, respectively,
and so noted on said certificate the number of the heads on said wire.
The Bounty Inspector is not authorized to examine any skin or issue
any certificate except on the first three days of each month, and any
examination made by him or certificate issued on any other day is
void. The Bounty Inspector shall, not later than the 15th of each
month, render to the County Clerk and Eecorder of the County in
which he resides a report setting forth the names of the persons pre-
senting the skins, with the number of the certificate, the kind and
number of the skins so presented, as to each and every certificate
which he has issued during said month. The County Clerk shall upon
the receipt of each said certificate file the same in the order in which
they are received, and safely keep them until the arrival of the skin
or skins mentioned in such certificate, properly sealed as hereinbefore
provided ; and upon the receipt of said skin or skins so sealed, he shall
call to his assistance either the County Treasurer, or in his absence,
the Clerk of the District Court, who being present, shall both, in
order to prevent fraud, minutely examine each scalp strung upon
each wire, and should such examination disclose the scalps as here-
tofore specified, of such animal or animals, agree with the number

—30—

and kind of scalps or lower jaw of mountain lion mentioned in these
said certificates, the County Clerk shall thereupon in the presence of
said Treasurer or Clerk of District Court, destroy said scalps without
removing' same from said wire, by fire ; and said County Clerk shall
then make out and deliver to the person named in said certificate, a
second certificate showing the same statement of facts as contained
in the certificate of the Bounty Inspector with the additional state-
ment of the examination so made by him; and that he found said
scalps to agree Avith the number and kind mentioned in the certificate
of said Bounty Inspector, and so stated therein in said certificate. In
no case should a bounty certificate be issued by the Clerk and Re-
corder for more scalps than are actually received and counted by
him, and the County Clerk and Recorder shall receive for each scalp
or mountain lion lower jaw accounted for by him, the sum of five
cents each to be paid quarterly by the Treasurer out of the Bounty
Fund. " The County Clerk shall keep a record in a bound book of all
certificates so received and issued, showing the date, and description
of the number and kind of hides, and the name of the person pre-
senting the same, which book shall be an official record.

Section 4. That Section 3076 of the Political Code of Montana, as
amended by an Act approved March 6th, 1903, be and the same is
hereby amended to read as follows :

Section 3076. It shall be the duty of the Board of County Com-
missioners of each County in this State at the time of the levy of the
annual tax, to levy a special tax of four and one-half mills on the
dollar, upon the assessed valuation of all cattle, horses, mules, asses,
sheep and goats in their respective Counties, which tax shall be col-
lected as other taxes on live property, and when so collected shall be
paid into the State Bounty Fund aforesaid, which said fund shall be
preserved inviolate for the payment of bounties herein above pro-
vided for. Any County Commissioner who shall interfere to prevent
the levy of the taxes aforesaid, shall be deemed guilty of a mis-
demeanor.

Section 5. All Acts and parts of Acts in conflict herewith are
hereby repealed.

Section 6. This Act shall be in full force and effect from and after
its passage and approved by the Governor.
Approved March 1st, 1905.

J. K. TOOLE, Governor.

Filed March 1st, 1905, at 3 :15 P. M.
A. N. YODER, Secretary of State.

—31—

THE EEPEESSION OF CONTAGIOUS AND INFECTIOUS DIS-
EASES UNDER RANGE CONDITIONS,

The goal of the sanitarian is the prevention of diseases, and it is
a reproach to him to be compelled to engage himself to the task of
representing disease that could have, under proper legislation and its
full enforcement, been prevented.

To successfully combat the developments and control of disease
requires a wide knowledge on the part of the sanitarian of many sub-
jects, and largely upon his ability to impress upon the lay public the
importance of these subjects, rests his success or failure.

The most essential requisites for the prevention and repression of
contagious and infectious animal disease are

First, wholesome, complete and efficient sanitary police laws.

Second, a central administration board or commission.

Third, the conscientious and unfailing enforcement of such laws
by competent sanitary officers wholly removed from political in-
fluence.

Fourth, the co-operation and entire sympathy of the intelligent,
law-abiding stockman.

Hence the assistance of the legislator, the political economist, the
stockman and sanitarian must all be invoked to accomplish the de-
sired end.

To prevent the inroads of a disastrous epizootic may, indeed has,
preserved our country and various states from grave crises, and in
Montana whose largest individual interest is in stock growing, to pre-
vent a disease that would destroy thousands of animals or repress
disease annually occasioning thousands of dollars of loss, is an aim of
the highest character worthy of a strenuous effort on the part of
every individual interested in our commonwealth.

The welfare of our stock industry affects every branch of agricul-
ture within our borders, and as the vast irrigation enterprises now
proposed, develop countless thousands of acres of the finest agricul-
turial land in the world, this relation will be intensified. As a matter
of fact, our live stock industry bears a more or less direct relation
to the entire commercial and industrial interests of this great state ;
railroads and mines not excepted.

Animal diseases are not alone of interest from an economic view
point ; the danger to public health from those communicable to man
is of the gravest account and deserve the most careful consideration ;
however, purely /from an economic standpoint, a contagious disease,
when limited by trivial effort and that is only slightly fatal, the
treatment is necessarily attended with inconvenience and expense,
and a wide dissemination of such diseasCj- occasions loss of condition
and productiveness ; not to mention the suffering experienced by the

—32—

animals. These conditions render an easily preventable disease a
great calamit}^

An efficient sanitary police system can only be founded on a central
administration entirely free from political influence and independent
of local opposition and influence. It should be under the control and
direction of a well organized, intelligent board or commission en-
doAvrd with nearly autocratic power. Such a body should have abso-
lute control of all sanitary a'ffairs, including the appointment of san-
itary police officers and the direction of all their duties.

Where possible, all veterinary sanitary police officers should be
capable veterinarians ; but when such are not obtainable, then con-
scientious, intelligent and industrious laymen must be selected who
are willing and capable of learning the practical duties so essential
to the control and repression of disease.

If occasion justifies, each county should be divided into sanitary
districts. If no such occasion arises, then each county should be
constituted a sanitary district over which an inspector should preside
under the direction of the executive officer of a central adminis-
trative body.

Too much care cannot be exercised in the selection of such men
upon whom so much depends, since a pittance of the cost of an ex-
tensive loss from disease in one county would sustain an efficient
sanitary system for years. Fortunately, however, under our existing
range conditions there is but one type of animal contagion existing ;
or that need for the present at least give us concern. This disease is
scab or so-called ''mange" among sheep, horses and cattle which
exists to some extent under varied conditions on our ranges today.

The management of scab among sheep under range conditions pre-
sents one important feature of difference from that of horse and cat-
tle in that all sheep are held in close herd making them immediately
susceptible to sanitary control, while the larger animals roam at will
over a vast expanse of country and it is never possible to gather at
one time an entire herd. This fact is not without its advantages
however, since a sufficiently intimate contact does not occur between
the diseased and clean larger animals to bring about but a small per
cent of infection.

Am,ong sheep the close herding and intimate contact in sheds, on
the bed ground and in the corral and even upon the range, occasions
rapid dissemination of scab. Under ordinarily fair conditions, scab
among sheep is not a difficult disease to repress, but with restricted
range, scarcity of water and a refractory owner, (that sometimes
goes with the foregoing conditions quite naturally,) it often becomes
a serious problem to solve.

The method we have found successful with the intelligent and
cordial co-operation of owners has been as follows :

—33—

Immediately upon the discovery of Scab among a band of sheep or
upon determining exposure, the sheep are placed in quarantine with
the boundary thereof plainly marked. They are all marked plainly
with a red "S" on the right side for the purpose of identifying them
as ''scabby or exposed sheep." At this time, they are also carefully
tallied so as to enable us to determine escaped or lost ones. Prepara-
tion is at once made for dipping as the weather will permit, and at
the first opportune moment, the initial dipping is accomplished. The
sheep are again tallied and clean range is selected on which to range
them between dippings. Ten days later, they are again tallied and
dipped and the range is again changed, if possible, especially during
summer months. Every sheep before it is thrown into the vat, should
be examined and those found suffering with an advanced case upon
which patches of hard scab are detected, must be immediately placed
in a catch pen provided for the purpose and at the completion of the
morning or evening dipping, these particular sheep should be soaked
in the dip for at least five minutes and the crusted patches be thor-
oughly scratched and raked with a guyyj comb or similar object.
Such sheep should be separately marked for attention at the second
dipping.

When dipping for scab, all sheep must be detained in the vat three
full minutes, to be determined at each filling of the vat with sheep by
a watch or clock kept in a convenient place near the entrance of the
vat in plain view, and it must be made the duty of the attendant
stationed at the entrance of the vat to keep tally of the time and call
out plainly the time of entrance of the sheep into the vat, and when
the three minutes have expired. A sand glass answers this purpose
admirably when properly adjusted.

After each dipping, it is the Inspector 's duty to select a new range,
when such can be secured, and plainly mark it with quarantine stakes
or monuments.

After the second dipping, all sheep must remain in quarantine until
released by proper order. Sheep that have been dangerously ex-
posed, should always be dipped as are scabby ones, excepting that
two minutes is sufficient time to detain them in the dip. Exposed
sheep must always be placed in quarantine, the boundaries of which
must be plainly marked.

After dipping exposed sheep, there is no necessity of changing
range. To obtain desired results economically, a dipping plant should
1)8 well equipped with corrals, chutes, heating appliances, conven-
ience of location and arrangements. The length of a dipping vat
may vary according to the number of sheep to be dipped, but ordin-
arily to suit Montana conditions, should not be under 60 feet, and
those constructed of substantial lumber are preferable.

The draining pen should be 20 feet square, and where it is possible
±0 obtain a portable boiler or the use of a traction engine, much time,

-34-

labor and fuel can be saved in maintaining heat in the vat as well as
in boiling lime and sulphur where this dip is employed. By the use
of a little contrivance known as a caloric transferer attached to a 1
inch steam pipe, the temperature of the dip can be evenly kept with
a few pounds of steam pressure and great economy of fuel which is
of no little importance in some localities of our state.

For a 60 ft. vat, it is advisable to use two caloric transferers, one in
each end. "Where lime and sulphur is to be used, an extra one must
be provided for the boiling tank.

Two dips only are recognized by this Department, tobacco and sul-
phur and lime and sulphur, and a long experience with both impels
me to give the preference to tobacco and sulphur dip as being
superior in every way to any dip with which I am ecquainted.

In using the tobacco dip, any reputable nicotine preparation may
be employed, but to obtain the results desired, we have nearly always
found it necessary to make the dip double the strength prescribed by
the manufacturer. Ordinarily these dips are said by the manufac-
turer to be efficient at dilution of 100 to 1. We almost invariably find
it necessary to make the dip 1 to 50 of water.

It' is assumed that in using tobacco dip, you will select one of the
preparations made by a reputable firm rather than go to the trouble
and expense of making the infusion from, the native tobacco.

The direction for preparing this dip are as follows : After care-
fully measuring the capacity of your vat, fill it to the water line with
warm water, after which, throughout Montana, you must add to the
water in the vat, at least 1 lb. of concentrated lye to each 100 gallons.
If the water is particularly hard, additional concentrated lye must be
added until the water feels soft to the hand.

Some of the waters of Montana, to obtain a requisite amount of
softness, require nearly 2 lbs. of concentrated lye to the 100 gallons.

Now mix the tobacco preparation with the water in the vat, making
the dip the strength of one part of the tobacco preparation to 50 or
75 of water. The water in the vat must be heated before the tobacco
preparation is added, remembering, however, that tobacco dip must
never be boiled, as the nicotine volatilizes and evaporates.

After the tobacco preparation is added to the dip, mix 16 lbs. of
flowers of sulphur to each 100 gallons of dip with hot water until it
attains the consistency of a thin paste.

Now mix the sulphur with the dip in the vat, stirring with a hoe
until the sulphur is thoroughly and unifornily suspended in the
liquid. The dip in the vat should be thoroughly stirred with a hoe
4 or 5 times a day to keep the sulphur suspended in the liquid.

In purchasing sulphur, do not mistake flowers of sulphur for pow-
dered Western sulphur. Always ask for flowers of sulphur, which
will cost slightly more but that gives inestimably better results.

—35—

KSheep must be detained in this dip as has been before mentioned,
3 minutes when scabby and 2 minutes when exposed.

A suitable lime and sulphur dip for the cure of scab is made as
follows : Flowers of sulphur, 24 lbs ; unslacked lime, 8 lbs ; water
100 gallons. In preparing this dip, the lime should be placed in a
mortar box near the boiling tank and sufficient water added to the
lime to start it slacking well, when the flowers of sulphur should be
added to the lime and the two thoroughly mixed with a hoe in the
method employed for mixing mortar. After the lime is thorougly
slaking and the sulphur has been thoroughly mixed with it, then the
mixture must be placed in the boiling tank in which must be placed
30 gallons of water for each mixture of lime and sulphur to make
100 gallons. (Any multiple of this mixture can be boiled at one
time depending upon the size of the boiling vat.) Lime and sulphur
must be boiled for fully 3 hours without intermission, and should be
stirred every few minutes to insure solution.

If coarse or western sulphur is used, the following formula must
be employed : Powdered Western sulphur, 33 lbs. ; unslaked lime,
15 lbs. to be mixed and boiled as above described where flowers of
sulphur is used.

Frequently disastrous results have followed the employment of
lime and sulphur dip when used a few days after shearing, ;as the
cuts on the sheep become infected and large fatalities have occurred
from this pcQuliar form of septic poisoning.

If lime and sulphur is to be employed, it should never be used in
less than 4 weeks after shearing.

M. E. KNOWLES, State Veterinarian.

RECOMMENDATION TO SHEEP OWNERS.

The Board has no authority to require that all domestic sheep be
dipped once each year, but it earnestly recommends to sheep owners
that this be done and believes that it will pay to do so. The dipping
of your bands will prove beneficial not only for the extermination
of ticks, thereby improving the health of the sheep, but it will also
show an equal improvement in the condition of the wool.

—36—

THE STATE OF MONTANA BOARD OF SHEEP
COMMISSIONERS, 1905-1907.

President, T. C. Power, Helena; Secretary, C. Hedges, Jr., Helena.

County. Name. Address.

Beaverhead James P. Murray Dillon

Broadwater J eff . Doggett Johnson

Carbon Charles C. Huyck Roberts

Cascade J. B. Long Great Falls

Chouteau George B. Bourne Hill

Custer Frank D. O'Neill Miles City

Dawson ...William Lindsay Glendive

Deer Lodge .W. M. Montgomery Anaconda

Fergus B. 0. White Garneil

Flathead

Gallatin ....John F. Work Bozeman

Granite Lee C. Degenhart Philipsburg

Jefferson E. J. Stanley Whitehall

Lewis and Clark T. C. Power Helena

Madison Henry W. Buford Virginia City

^leagher J. E. Bower

Missoula D. P. Maclay Lo Lo

Park S. O'N. C. Brady Myersburg

Powell William Williams Deer Lodge

Ravalli J. L. Humble Corvallis

Rosebud D. McGillivray Sabra

Silver Bow Herman Diestel Butte

Sweet Grass James Vestal Big Timber

Teton .W. K. Flowerree Lowry

Valley L. H. Miles Saco

Yellowstone P. B. Moss Billings

SHEEP INSPECTORS, 1905.

County. , Name. Postoffice.

Broadwater Jeff. Doggett Johnson

Carbon Frank L. Clark Red Lodge

Chouteau D. A. Smith Hinsdale, Valley Co.

Custer D. H. Bowman, Reg. Insp Knowlton

Custer . . .W. S. Snell, Sp'l Insp Miles City

Dawson ; James Carson Glendive

Deer Lodge Dr. A. H. Cheeney Anaconda

Fergus B. C. White ..Garneil

Gallatin John F. Work Bozeman

Granite Lee C. Degenhart Philipsburg

Madison L. S. Briggs Ennis

Meagher C. W. Cook Unity

Park J. W. Van Doren Livingston

Park S. O'N. C. Brady.... ..Myersburg

Powell William Williams.....' Deer Lodge

Ravalli B. S. Chaffin Corvallis

Rosebud Andrew P. Tadsen Forsyth

Sweet Grass Tom Flannagan Absarokee

Sweet Grass J. W. Bailey Big Timber

Silver Bow Dr. A. H. Cheeney Anaconda

Valley D. A. Smith ' Hinsdale

Special Inspector. — Dr. R. A. Dennis has been employed by the Board as a Spe-
cial Inspector for Billings and vicinity, and will be regularly stationed there.
Consulting Chemist. — Prof. Emil Starz, Helena.
State Veterinarian. — Dr. M. E. -Knowles, Helena.