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‘ With We a ininis of

- ALEXANDER AGA ‘SS77.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF

THE CURATOR

OF THE

| MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

AT HARVARD COLLEGE,

—
an

TO THE

Pa OSE Es Fo SERA? Sioa Pa ee 2 = Cel ae nin a ke e . ae
rap A Se eee ee ————————EE —— =e
at ces Ee Solan
sarap ta ae rier: =? ty . ee " fs
L F é

= =
—

PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE,

FOR

SERA Se
PERE
\g 4

TOU 93.

|
|
|
CAMBRIDGE, U.S. A.: |
UNIVERSITY PRESS: JOHN WILSON AND SON.
me 1893.

<>

&
z

ANNUAL REPORT

OF

THE CURATOR

OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

AT HARVARD COLLEGE,

PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE,

FOR

1892-95.

CAMBRIDGE, U.S. A.:
UNIVERSITY PRESS: JOHN WILSON AND SON.
1893.

FACULTY OF THE MUSEUM.

CHARLES W. ELIOT, President.

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, Curator.
JOSIAH D. WHITNEY, Secretary.

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ
JOSIAH D. WHITNEY.
NATHANIEL S. SHALER.
E. L. MARK

WILLIAM MORRIS DAVIS .

J. ELIOT WOLFF .
THADDEUS W. HARRIS .
ROBERT TRACY JACKSON
J. B. WOODWORTH .

H. L. SMYTHE .

W. McM. WOODWORTH .
C. B. DAVENPORT

G. H. PARKER .
WALTER FAXON .

D. D. SLADE

SAMUEL GARMAN
WILLIAM BREWSTER.
ALPHEUS HYATT
SAMUEL HENSHAW
MISS F. M. SLACK .
MAGNUS WESTERGREN.
W. S. NICKERSON

Wo. CASPELE 2

RICHARD ELWOOD DODGE ;

LEON S. GRISWOLD

GEORGE E. LADD

ROBERT DECOURCEY WARD

TA JACGARA IE

GEORGE L. GOODALE.
HENRY P. WALCOTT.

OFFICERS.

Director and Curator.

Sturgis-Hooper Professor of Geolaa:
Professor of Geology.

Hersey Professor of Anatomy.

Professor of Physical Geography.
Assistant Professor of Petrography.
Instructor in Geology.

Instructor in Paleontology.

Instructor in Geology.

Instructor in Geological Surveying.
Instructor in Microscopic Anatomy.
Instructor in Zoblogy.

Instructor in Zodlogy.

Assistant in Charge.

Assistant in Osteology.

Assistant in Herpetology and Ichthyoloqy.
Assistant in Ornithology and Mammalogy.
Assistant in Paleontology.

Assistant in Entomology.

Librarian.

Artist.

Assistant in the Zoological Laboratories.
Assistant in the Zodlogical Laboratories.
Assistant in the Geological Laboratories.
Assistant in the Laboratories of Geology and

Physical Geography.

Assistant in the Geological Laboratory.
Assistant in Meteorology.

Assistant in Petrography.

Roe 2 On EF.

To THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE : —

Durina the past year the usual courses of instruction have
been given at the Museum in Zodlogy by Professor Mark, Dr.
Slade, and Mr. Davenport, assisted in the Laboratory work by
Messrs. W. M. Woodworth, H. M. Kelley, and W. 8S. Nickerson.

Professors Whitney, Shaler, Davis, and Wolff gave courses of
instruction -in Geology, Paleontology, Physical Geography, and
Petrography. Messrs. Harris, Robert T. Jackson, J. B. Wood-
worth, Griswold, Ladd, Ward, Landes, and Whittle were the
Assistants in the Geological Department.

For the details of these courses of instruction, as well as of the
summer courses in Geology, I would refer to the accompanying
special reports of the Professors and Instructors. I would call
special attention to the interesting report of Professor Davis in
regard to Physical Geography and Meteorology.

The Newport Marine Laboratory has, as usual, been open to
advanced students in Zodlogy. An unusually large number of
students have come to Newport this year to collect material for
their winter’s work. It will, however, be impracticable for me to
accommodate so large a number again. Some other provision
must be made elsewhere for the less advanced students, — at the
Aquarium of the Museum, for instance, — if it is necessary to
carry on an elementary summer school of Zoology.

We have to thank Colonel Marshall McDonald, United States
Fish Commissioner, for facilities granted to our students in
connection with their work at the Fish Commission Station at
Wood’s Holl.

4

The income of the Virginia Barret Gibbs Scholarship was di-
vided, according to the terms of the gift, among three of the
students who spent some of their time at the Newport Laboratory.

We have received during the year an anonymous contribution
to be applied to the increase of Dr. Hagen’s salary.

As will be seen from the reports of the different departments of
instruction, considerable time was spent by the Professors and In-
structors in preparing an exhibit for the Columbian Exposition,
specially intended to illustrate the methods of instruction, and
forming a part of the Harvard University exhibit. The Museum
sent plans of the building, prepared under the supervision of Dr.
Wolff, who also charged himself with advising the Harvard Camera
Club in regard to the views of the most characteristic Exhibition
Rooms of the Museum which accompanied them. The plans,
and the photographs taken by the Camera Club and by Mr. J. L.
Gardner, will be hereafter most useful in the preparation of an
extended account of the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy which
it is intended to publish at some future time.

Photographs and plans of the Newport Marine Laboratory were
also sent to Chicago, as well as a complete series of the pub-
lications issued in connection with the Laboratory, and of other
publications relating to the Marine Fauna of the United States
written by officers of the Museum or naturalists connected with
the different deep-sea expeditions sent out by the United States
Coast Survey and United States Fish Commission in charge of
Louis Agassiz, L. F. de Pourtalés, or myself? Colonel Marshall
McDonald kindly took charge of this exhibit, which was placed in
the space assigned to the Fish Commission in the Government
Building. Duplicate collections of these publications are in the
libraries of the United States Coast Survey and of the United
States Fish Commission.

We have been able to open the Museum on Sundays throughout
the year, the Corporation having assumed the additional expense
involved in providing the necessary service. ‘The number of vis-
itors has been greatly increased in consequence, and this has em-
phasized the need of additional and more general labelling of the
collections for the benefit of the public. In the Systematic Col-
lection the larger Mammals have been more prominently labelled,
and the same has been done with the North American Mammals.
With our limited means, considerable time must elapse before

5

the labelling can be extended to the other rooms and the other
classes of the animal kingdom.

I can only repeat what has been stated in former reports, that
the increase of the classes in Geology and Zodlogy has been such
as to render it desirable that the Geological Department should be
accommodated in new quarters to allow for the expansion of the
Zodlogical Department. The Geological Department could be
housed in the southwest corner piece of the Museum, where large
lecture-rooms might also be provided for the use of the Natura)
History Department. But there seems at present no probability
of building such an addition to our building, which would require
$100,000 for its erection and equipment.

During the past winter the Pacific Room, though far from com-
plete, has been opened to the public. The most interesting speci-
mens are its marine Mammals, the Seals, Dugong, and Sea Otter ;
a collection of Birds from the Sandwich Islands, to illustrate one of
its characteristic insular faune ; and a typical collection of Fishes
and of Invertebrates, which occupies the central cases of the room.

The Greene Smith Collection of Birds has been placed in the
North American Room. New cases have been built to accommo-
date it, and the whole collection has been carefully examined and
thoroughly cleaned by Mr. Clark, who has spent nearly a whole
year upon this work. With this addition in place, we have
every reason to be satisfied with our North American faunal
exhibit.

The additional space devoted to the North American Birds has
compelled us to remove the shore marine forms, which up to the
present time have formed a part of the faunal exhibits. This has
necessitated the rearrangement of the Marine Fishes and Inverte-
brates, and their removal to the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian
Ocean Faune, limiting the faunal exhibits of the Fishes and Inver-
tebrates to the Land and Freshwater types, — a far more consistent
geographical arrangement than the former mixture of terrestrial
and marine faunal subdivisions. These changes have brought an
unusual amount of work upon Mr. Garman, and especially upon
Mr. Faxon, who has had the general supervision of this rearrange-
ment. Several of the rooms of the oldest part of the Museum
building have been thoroughly renovated.

Although we have received a small Hippopotamus, a few Ga-
zelles, and an African Elephant, we still have some gaps to fill in

6

the African and Pacific Faunal Rooms. The first invoice of mate-
rial to illustrate the fauna of Japan has safely reached us.

Extensive changes and repairs in the Entomological Department
have greatly facilitated the use of the collections, upon which Mr.
Henshaw presents his first annual report. The collections of the
Museum generally continue in good condition. The reports of
the Assistants of the Museum will give the details of the work ac-
complished, and of the additions to the collections received in their
departments during the past year.

Upon Professor Faxon, who has been placed in charge of the
collection of Invertebrates, has also fallen the principal share of
the care of the Museum as a whole since he began his duties, and
the improvement in the general appearance of the Exhibition Rooms
is very marked. We are indebted to Professor Hyatt for the care
he has given to the Paleontological Collections in. his charge, and
to Mr. Brewster for his interest in supervising the arrangement
of the Greene Smith Collection of North American Birds.

On the 9th of November Dr. Hagen died, in his seventy-
seventh year, after a lingering and painful illness of more than
three years. Dr. Hagen joined the Museum staff in 1867, and
until incapacitated in 1890 he devoted his time and energies
to the interests of the institution with which he had cast his lot.
In 1876 he refused an urgent invitation to assume the charge of
the entomological collection of the University of Berlin, the great-
est scientific prize perhaps in his department. He built up the
exceptionally interesting biological collection of the entomologi-
cal department from nothing, and the comparatively small collec-
tion of Insects which he found on entering upon his duties he has
left' greatly increased in size and value. His varied and extensive
information was always at the service of the specialists who fre-
quented his laboratory. During his connection with the Museum.
Dr. Hagen published a great number of papers on entomological sub-
jects. Unfortunately for his influence on the progress of Entomology
in this country his publications were usually printed in German.

With regard to the “‘ Blake” publications, two additional me-
moirs have been published, — a Bulletin on the Northern Atlantic
Mollusca collected by the “ Blake” during the summer of 1880, by
Miss Katharine J. Bush, and an elaborate monograph on the Pagu-
ride by Professor Alphonse Milne-Edwards and Mr. Bouvier, illus-
trated with twelve quarto plates. Professor Milne-Edwards has also

’

7

in hand a final memoir on the Crustacea of the ‘‘ Blake.” This
leaves still to be published, of the work on the ‘‘ Blake”’ collections,
the memoir on the Alcyonaria, by Professor Verrill; the Deep-
sea Fishes, by Professor Goode and Dr. Bean; the Comatule, by
Dr. Hartlaub; and a memoir on Pentacrinus, by Professor H.
Ludwig.

Although not published under the auspices of the Museum, I
should mention as forming a part of the results of the “ Blake”
an important paper by Dr. Wiren, on Solenogaster, a great part
of which is based on specimens dredged by the “ Blake” in 168
fathoms off St. Lucia, in the winter of 1878-79, issued in the
Memoirs of the Stockholm Academy of Sciences.

The available bulk of our Pentacrinus material has been sent to
Professor Ludwig of Bonn, who has kindly consented to work up
this genus from the collections made by the “ Blake ” in the West
Indies. | :

A number of publications are in preparation in the different
Laboratories of the Museum. The following work has been done
during the past year on the Collections of the Fish Commission |
Steamer “ Albatross”’ expedition of 1891. Mr. Westergren has
nearly completed the plates (fifty in number) which are to accom-
pany Professor Faxon’s memoir on the Crustacea of the expe-
dition. Mr. Faxon has already completed the text, and a
preliminary report of the collection has been published in the
Bulletin, awaiting the preparation of the plates for the final
monograph.

Professor Ludwig also reports that he has completed the
monograph on the Holothurians. A preliminary notice was pub-
lished in the Zoologischer Anzeiger and in the Museum Bulletin.
Professor Ludwig states that his report is. to be illustrated by
nineteen plates in all, of which eight will be colored plates. The
plates are distributed among different families as follows: Synal-
lactinee, one plate; Psychropotine, five plates; Deimatine, five
plates; Hlpidiinz, one plate; Dendrochirote, two plates; Mol-
padiide, three plates; Synaptide, one plate; and Pelagothuriide,
one plate. The whole of his manuscript has been received, and
the last plate is in the hands of Werner and Winter.

Professsor Schimkéwitsch has sent in a report on the Pyenogo-
nidz accompanied with two plates, Dr. W. McM. Woodworth a
Report on the Planarians, with one plate and Professor S. F.

§

Clarke one on the Hydroids, with three plates. The illustrations
of these papers are in the hands of the lithographer.

Mr. Scudder’s Report on the Orthoptera of the Galapagos (three
plates) has been issued, and a short Bulletin on the Rocks of the
Galapagos has been published by Mr. George P. Merrill.

Excellent progress is also reported by Professor Hoyle, Dr.
G. W. Miiller, Dr. Ward, Dr. Bergh, Mr. Garman, and Professor
Studer with regard to the various collections intrusted to their
care. Professor H. V. Wilson spent some time at the Museum in
examining our collection of Sponges, in preparation for his report
on the Sponges of the “‘ Albatross”’ expedition.

Owing to my prolonged absences from Cambridge, I have my-
self made little progress with the groups which I had selected to
work up; but I hope during the coming year to be able to devote
some time to them, and also to take up for publication the large
amount of material on the Acalephs of the East Coast of the
United States now in my hands. For nearly thirty years since
the publication of the Catalogue of North American Acalephs, I
have every summer, and frequently during the winter months
also, paid a good deal of attention to the Jelly-Fishes of our coast.
An immense amount of drawings and of undigested notes have
thus accumulated. Their publication, as well as a revision of the
papers on the same subject issued up to the present time in the
Museum publications and elsewhere, would form an instructive
and connected account of the Acalephian Fauna of our shores.

For a complete list of the Publications of the Museum I would
refer to Appendix A. Of the Bulletin we have issued during
the past academic year four numbers of Volume XVI. of
the Geological Series, three numbers of Volume XXIII., com-
pleting the volume, and the whole of Volume XXIV. Of the
Memoirs, we have issued No. 3 of Volume XIV., completing’
the volume. 7

About the usual number of volumes have been added to the
Library, either by gift, exchange, or purchase. The number of
volumes ts now over twenty-three thousand.

As far as the available stock permitted, we have disunbueed a
number of more or less complete sets of our publications to insti-
tutions and societies with which we have only lately begun to
exchange. It has now become impossible for us to supply com-
plete sets of our publications. Many parts of the earlier volumes

9

both of the Bulletins and Memoirs are out of print, as the demand
for certain numbers has far exceeded that for others.

We have purchased from Zeiss a complete microphotographic
apparatus ; during the summer months it will be available for the
Newport Marine Laboratory, and during the rest of the year it will
be at the service of the Museum officers.

In addition to the collections of the Albatross expedition of
1891 sent to the various specialists! who have kindly consented
to work up the material brought together, specimens were sent
for examination to Professor Goode and Dr. Bean, to Professor
Biitschli, to Dr. Steindachner, to Professor Lankester, to Dr. 8. J.
Hickson, and to Mr. Bigelow.

To Professor F. Eilhard Schulze was sent our collection of types
of Sponges from the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico and the
West Indies. This he has examined and already returned, with
notes on the species suggested by his examination of the extensive
series of Hexactinellide from all quarters now in his hands for
monographic purposes.

Our collection of North American Hydroids was sent to
Dr. Camille Pictet, to be used in preparing a monograph on the
Hydroids of the Bay of Naples for the Zodlogical Station. This
collection reached Switzerland a few days before Dr. Pictet’s
death, and it has been returned by the authorities of the Uni-
versity of Geneva.

I hear from Professor Dupont that excellent progress is making
with the cast of the Iguanodon which is to be sent from the Brus-
sels Museum to Cambridge.

Arrangements have been made with Dr, Dohrn by which one of
the tables of the Zodlogical Station at Naples has been placed at
the disposal of the Faculty of the Museum for three years. The
conditions upon which the table is assigned are shown in Appen-
dix B, and a notice? of this has been sent to all the Universities
and Colleges of the country, as well as to specialists interested
in the study of Marine Zodlogy. I regret to say that thus far the
number of applications has been most limited, and there does not

1 A list of the persons who are preparing the Reports will be found on the third
page of the cover of this Report, with the list of the publications of the Museum
now in preparation.

2 Professor James D. Dana was kind enough to give this notice the benefit of an
insertion in the American Journal of Science.

A

10

appear to exist the imperative demand for the maintenance of
the table represented by American zodlogists. The Smithsonian
Institution has also undertaken to supply this need for American
students. The Faculty of the Museum nominated Professor Meek
of Fayetteville, Arkansas, as the incumbent of the table for the
coming winter, and this nomination has received the approval of
the Corporation.

During the past winter I spent three months exploring the Ba-
hama Banks in the steam yacht “ Wild Duck,” which my friend,
the Hon. John M. Forbes, was kind enough to place at my disposal
for the purpose.

Mr. J. H. Emerton and Mr, A. M. Meyer accompanied me as
draughtsmen and assistants. On our return to Nassau, after ex-
ploring the Great Bahama Bank and the shore of Cuba from San-
tiago de Cuba to Havana, I sent a short account of.the progress
of the expedition to Professor James D. Dana for publication in
the American Journal of Science. Subsequently, we examined the
Little Bahama Bank, and I am now preparing an account of the
expedition for the Bulletin. Ihave to thank Colonel Macdonald,
the U. S. Fish Commissioner, for the use of some deep-sea ther-
mometers and of a Tanner sounding machine. Professor Menden-
hall, the Superintendent of the Coast Survey, was kind enough to
appoint me Acting Assistant of the Coast Survey, as I had been
already on former occasions while attached to the ‘ Blake,” in
order to enable him to assist the expedition in various ways and
to give it an official character. I have specially to thank the
Hon. J. W. Foster, the Secretary of State, and Mr. Wharton, the
Assistant Secretary, for securing the interest of the Spanish
Minister at Washington, and the kind offices of the Captain
General of Cuba in procuring for the “ Wild Duck ” free entrance
to all ports of the Cuban coast, as well as the assistance of the
naval authorities and of the governors of the various provinces
which we visited. To Captain J. W. Wharton, the Hydrographer
of the Admiralty, as well as to Lieut. Commander Richardson
Glover, U. S. N. Hydrographer, I am also indebted for valuable
information regarding the Bahamas. The cruise of the ‘ Wild
Duck,” while not as successful as I hoped on account of the
unusual violence of the trades, yet accumulated important infor-
mation on the structure of the islands and banks, their geological
history, and the theory of coral reefs. The pelagic fishing, both

dle

at the surface and at moderate depths, which I hoped to make
an important feature of the expedition, was quite limited, owing
to the continuous unfavorable weather we encountered. Still we
made sufficient use of the deep-sea Tanner towing-net to confirm
in general the results at which I had arrived while on the
‘* Albatross,” in 1891, regarding the limited bathymetrical range
of the pelagic fauna. I may mention as one of the interesting
catches a pelagic Amphioxus, of which the specimens we collected
were sent to Professor Lankester for examination. Mr. Meyer
devoted his time mainly to the study of the Acalephs collected
during our trip.

To Dr. Theo. W. Richards, and to Mr. Churchill of the Class
of 1893, I am indebted for many analyses of the rocks and
bottoms, and to Professor Wolff for kindly preparing slides of
some of the more interesting zolian rocks from the Bahamas.
The report of this reconnoissance of the Bahamas is well un-
der way. |

It is hoped that some arrangement may yet be made between
the representatives of the leading Universities and the Fish Com-
missioner. by which the exceptional facilities for marine research
now existing at the Fish Commission Station at Wood’s Holl may
be made available for original investigation. It has been suggested
that the Commission should continue to carry on the station as it
now does, and supply to capable naturalists representing the Uni-
versities or independent specialists the mass of material which it
cannot afford to have worked up. The Fish Commission can hardly
be expected to devote any part of its limited appropriation on ex-
penditures which have no direct bearing on the practical side of the
fishery question. An extensive and expensive plant has been built
up at Wood’s Holl, which it seems useless to duplicate. It is more
than is needed for the purposes of the Fish Commission. At least
twenty persons properly qualified could be supplied with all they
need for original work, provided these persons represented an out-
side interest able to carry on those investigations which are not
directly in the line of the work of the Fish Commission, but which
yet may prove of great value to it. By allowing the leading
Universities to subscribe to a fund which should be sufficiently
large to relieve the Commission of its purely scientific work,
and to afford sufficient means for its publication, fifteen such
subscribers might be found to bring together such a fund, and

12

leave five places open to non-subscribers, to be filled by the gov-
erning board of the Station.

A governing board consisting of representatives of the govern-
ment bureaus interested in subjects kindred to those of the Fish
Commission, together with appointees of the subscribers from the
leading Universities, might form a board of trustees empowered by
Congress to carry on the Wood’s Holl Station for the best interests
of the Fish Commission and of the different branches of science
connected with marine explorations. The vessels under the
control of the Commission would, as far as practicable, also be
available for the general purposes both of the Commission and
of the scientific investigators. Such a combination as that sug-
gested above would in no way interfere with the marine lab-
oratories now or hereafter to be connected with the different
Universities. The Wood’s Holl Laboratory would-be a permanent
station, occupied during the whole year by the officers of the Fish
Commission and the Scientific Director, and in addition to the cen-
tral station well equipped laboratories would soon be established
for all branches of the scientific investigation of the sea; and
these permanent laboratories in their turn would be supplemented
by expeditions of greater or less duration in the vessels connected
with the Fish Commission. Should such a central station be
found to work well, it would have a fair claim for support both from
the government and the public.

A beginning might be made by securing an annual sum of five
thousand dollars for five years from the Universities interested in
this work, and a plan prepared to be presented to Congress for their
approval. The position of the laboratory at Wood’s Holl, and its con-
nection with a government bureau, are perhaps the only drawbacks
to enlisting the interest of Universities in the proposed scheme.

There will of course be some difficulty in devising a practical.
plan of co-operation between the Fish Commission and the repre-
sentatives of the purely scientific interests of the country. The
distance of Wood’s Holl to the open Atlantic is also a very seri-
ous drawback. During the summers which I spent at Wood’s
Holl, my experience was that, while the shore fauna is perhaps as
varied as that of more exposed parts of the adjoining coast, it
is far less productive so far as the pelagic fauna is concerned
which forms so great a share of the material of a marine labora-
tory. But with an ample equipment of sea-going launches and of

13

larger boats such as are controlled by the Fish Commission, this
is not a very serious difficulty. The expense of living at Wood’s
Holl is practically neither greater nor less than at other New
England summer resorts.

I regret to report that the Visiting Committee of the Museum
appointed by the Overseers have been unsuccessful in their efforts
to obtain funds for some of the most pressing needs of the Museum.
The committee have shown the greatest interest in attempting to
supply the deficiencies to which their attention had been called by
the reports of the Professors and of the Curator of the Museum.

Mr. W. E. D. Scott, who is greatly interested in the progress of
ornithology in this country, is making the attempt to collect funds
for an additional exhibition room of birds. The collection he pro- |
poses to bring together is to be modelled on the plan of exhibi-
tion which has been introduced with great success in the British
Museum, and to a limited extent in the National Museum at
Washington. The plan embraces isolated cases of mounted birds,
representing single species as life-like and at the same time as
artistically mounted as possible. Next, cases illustrating the varia-
tion of such species as are non-migratory, but which range unin-
terruptedly over large geographical areas. Next, cases showing
the dichromatic phases occurring in many families, as well as cases
showing the various phases of appearance in any given species
correlated with sex, season, age, etc.

There are many problems of a similar nature which have been
brought into prominence during the past thirty years. Many of
them can be illustrated in a satisfactory way to the public by
exhibits of the different classes of the animal kingdom. The
greater familiarity of the visitors with birds and insects will make
it comparatively simple to explain to them the object of a limited
exhibit of these classes. As regards the more general questions
of development, and the multitude of minor problems which
it would be interesting to place before the public, other classes
must be selected, and the Director of any public Museum will
only be at a loss to know what to exclude from the limited
room usually at his disposal, so as not to occupy his available
space with exhibits which, however interesting to the student,
will only have a limited interest for the average visitor.

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ.

CaMBRIDGE, October 1, 1893.

14

REPORT ON THE COURSES OF INSTRUCTION IN
GEOLOGY.

By Prorsssors J. D. Wuitney, N. S. SHater, W. M. Davis, Assistant
Proressor J. E. Wourr, anp Dr. T. W. Harris.

Durine the Academic year 1892-93, the following named courses
of instruction were given in the laboratories and in the field by the
instructors of the Department of Geology.

Instruction in General Geology.

1. (Geol. 4.7) <A half-course in Elementary Geology; two lectures
a week by N.S. Shaler, with one hour for special exercises, conducted
by R. E. Dodge and L. 8. Griswold, and with required reading in
Dana’s Manual of Geology.» In the spring, voluntary excursions were
made to points of geological interest in the vicinity of Cambridge under
the guidance of the assistants. ‘The course was attended by two hundred
and eleven students. :

2. (Geol. 5.) <A half-course in Practical Geological Exercises in the
laboratory and in the field, requiring two two-hour exercises a week,
with occasional lectures: by T. W. Harris, assisted by G. E. Ladd;
designed especially for those who intend in subsequent years to con-
tinue the study of Geology and Paleontology. Attended by fifty
students.

3. (Geol. 8.) A course in General Critical Geology, two lectures
a week, and for a part of the year three, by N. S. Shaler; with an
additional hour for review of assigned reading and for conference, con-
ducted by J. B. Woodworth. Lyell’s Principles of Geology was read
parallel with the lectures. During the autumn and spring months, eight
half-day excursions were made in the field in the vicinity of Cambridge,
under the guidance of J. E. Wolff and J. B. Woodworth. During the
winter months, theses were prepared on subjects chosen with the advice
of the instructors. ‘Those only who passed a satisfactory examination
in the elementary courses were permitted to take the course. Thirty
students received this instruction.

1 These abbreviated names of courses correspond to those given in the “Announce-
ment of Courses of Instruction,” issued by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.

15

4, (Geol. 9.) A course in the Structural and Dynamical Geology
of the Stratified Rocks, by T. W. Harris. Two conferences a week,
with required reading and theses. This course was attended by
eight students.

5. (Geol. 18.) A course in Economical Geology, by J. D. Whitney.
Lectures twice a week, with required readings and theses. Attended

by thirty students. .

6. (Geol. 22.) A course in Field-work and Geological Surveying,
designed to afford special training in original investigation, with work
in the library and in the preparation of geological reports, under the
direction of N.S. Shaler, W. M. Davis, J. E. Wolff, and T. W. Harris.
Conferences were held once a week during the year. This course is
open only to those who have attained satisfactory grades in Courses 8,
S. 2, and in either Chemistry C or 2. It was attended by eighteen
students.

Instruction in Petrography.

7. (Geol. 12.) A course in Petrography, by J. E. Wolff, assisted
by C. L. Whittle. Two lectures a week, with laboratory work, theses,
and field-work. Attended by sixteen students.

8. (Geol. 23.) A course in Petrographic Research, by J. E. Wolff.
Field and laboratory work. Attended by five students.

Instruction in Paleontology.

9. (Geol. 14.) A course in Paleontology, by N. S. Shaler, assisted
in the laboratory by R. T. Jackson. Two lectures and four hours of
laboratory work a week, with theses. This course was attended by
twenty-three students.

10. (Geol. 15.) A course in Historical Geology, designed to train
advanced students in the use of fossils in determining geological hori-
zons, by N. 8. Shaler, assisted by R. T. Jackson. This course was
taken by five students.

11. (Geol. 24.) A course in Paleontological Research, under the
direction of N.S. Shaler, assisted by R. T. Jackson. Attended by
one student.

Instruction in Meteorology and Physical Geography.

12. (Geol. 1.) A half-course in Elementary Meteorology, by W. M.
Davis, assisted by R. DeC. Ward. Two or three lectures a week, with
laboratory work and recitations, first half year. Attended by seventy-
three students.

13. (Geol. 2.) A half-course in Physical Geography, by W. M.
Davis, assisted by R. DeC. Ward. Two or three lectures a week, with

\

16

laboratory work and recitations, second half-year. Attended by one
hundred and two students.

14. (Geol. 20.) A course in Advanced Meteorology and Physical
Geography, by W. M. Davis. Conferences held once a week. Attended
by eleven students.

Instruction in Summer Schools.

15. (Geol. S.1.) An elementary course in General Physical Geol-
ogy. This course was given in Cambridge, beginning Wednesday,
July 5th, and closing Friday, August 11, 1893, under the direction of
T. W. Harris. The instruction, primarily intended to meet the needs
of those who intend to take the second summer course and the second
course during term time (Geol. 8), was adapted also to the needs of
teachers. Lectures and laboratory work occupied the forenoon of each
day of the session, and short excursions to localities of geological
interest were taken in the afternoon. ‘This course was attended by
fifteen students, of whom ten are students in the University.

16. (Geol. S. 2.) A more advanced course in geological field-work
was given at different points in Eastern New York and Connecticut,
commencing Monday, August 14, and lasting six weeks, closing Sat-
urday, September 23d. The class assembled at Utica, N. Y., under
the direction of T. W. Harris. On August 28th it moved to Catskill,
N. Y., and there remained until September 9th. On September 11th
the class went to Meriden, Conn., where the remainder of the time was
spent, under the charge of L. 8. Griswold, in a study of the Triassic
sandstones and trap-sheets. Eleven students took this instruction, all
of whom are students in the University. |

17. (Geol. S. 38.) A course in independent field investigation and
geological surveying, under the supervision of the officers of the Depart-
ment. One student was engaged in this work upon the Pleistocene
deposits of Eastern Connecticut.

Additional Instruction.

18. During the year the students in the advanced courses attended
regular Tuesday evening meetings in the Geological Laboratory, which
were designed to serve the purpose accomplished by the Seminaria of
the German Universities. A number of the papers read at these con-
ferences have been announced in the College Calendar. Outside of the
papers presented by members of the University, one was read by Mr..
Warren Upham relating to a theory of the origin of Drumlins.

19. (Geol. 26.) A half-course on Geographical Methods and Re-
sults. One lecture a week, by J. D. Whitney. Attended by thirteen
students.

any

REPORT OF THE STURGIS-HOOPER PROFESSOR OF
GEOLOGY.

By Proressor J. D. WHITNEY.

During the past year (1892-93) two courses of lectures
were given by the Sturgis-Hooper Professor. The first of these
was geographical, and was attended by about fifteen students,
mostly Graduates and Seniors. The object of this course was to
give an outline of the progress of geographical science, beginning
with the very earliest times, and having special reference to the
methods by which this kind of information has been obtained and
represented, on paper or otherwise, so as to be available for prac-
tical use. “This course was comprised in about thirty lectures, and
brought the subject down to the circumnavigation of the globe by
Magellan. In the libraries of the University there is a large
amount of illustrative material for a course of this kind, which
could very properly and profitably have been expanded to twice
the length attempted.

The second course, which was attended by about thirty students,
was devoted to the economical geology of the metals and their ores,
and included brief sketches of the methods of mining, ore-dressing,
and smelting. This course is simply a continuation of one given
the previous year on economical geology in general, which, however,
was devoted to the non-metalliferous minerals exclusively. As
matters are now arranged, it seems best to make a permanent
division of the subject of Economical Geology into two courses of
lectures and study, these to be given in alternate years. The first
course will be devoted to the non-metalliferous minerals, the
second to the metals and their ores, each o1 these courses to run
through the entire College year. The object of these courses is, to
give the student an opportunity. to acquire such an amount of
general knowledge of the subject of economical geology as will be

useful both to those who are not intending to make a specialty of
3

18

mining, and to such persons as, having this object in view, may
desire to have at least so much superficial knowledge of the subject
as will be useful to them in arranging their future studies in this
line of work, and in selecting a place where these studies can be
pursued,

Chiefly to aid students in Economical Geology, certain chapters
in the “ United States: Facts and Figures illustrating the Physical
Geography of the Country and its Material Resources,” published
in 1889, and which have special reference to the subjects treated in
the courses indicated above, have been rewritten, considerably am-
plified, and brought down to the latest available date. These
chapters, which will be published separately, are now being printed,
and will be available for reference during the coming College year,
1893-94, ;

19

REPORT ON COURSES IN GENERAL GEOLOGY
AND PALAHONTOLOGY.

By Proressor N. S. SHALER.

THE course in Elementary Geology (Geol. 4) maintained during
the year the special meetings in small sections instituted in the
previous year and commented upon in the last Report. The aid
of an additional Assistant in the course rendered the work of
instruction more effective than it has heretofore been.

In the advanced course in Geology (Geol. 8) the plan of assist-
ance employed in the previous year was also pursued, ‘The field
work was slightly increased by the addition of exercises in geologi-
cal surveying, undertaken by each student on an assigned area of
one square mile. In order to make the most of the limited time
which our students can command for field work, their attention
was directed to a discrimination and survey of the pleistocene
deposits of the country adjacent to the College. The result of
this work has been the preparation of twenty-eight maps covering
as many square miles. The correctness of the maps and the pro-
gress of each student has been gauged by means of a manuscript
map already prepared, and by visits to particular localities.

In the work of paleontological instruction, Dr. Jackson contin-
ued to bring the collections into a more extended use by the
students, and a large amount of time was spent in improving the
condition of the teaching collections. The laboratory work is now
considerably hindered by the want of room.

A machine for cutting and grinding fossils was added to the
equipment of the Department. It is placed in the Petrographical
workshop, and is run by electric power with which that department
is supplied.

Mr, A. Agassiz very kindly gave the department a fine specimen
of the recent Pentacrinus decorus, in alcohol, which will be an
invaluable accompaniment to fossil types. Considerable paleeonto-

20

logical material was received from the Museum as a gift or in
exchange.

A collection illustrating typical fossils of the New York State
rocks was received from the New York State Museum, at Albany,
through the kindness of Professor John M. Clarke. For this
collection an exchange will be returned. Thanks are due to Mr.
H. L. Jones for a collection of fossils illustrating the Waverly
Group of Ohio. Considerable material was purchased from
Ward’s Natural Science establishment at Rochester, and ma-
terial was obtained by purchase, exchange, or gift from several
other sources.

The thanks of the Department are due to Miss Mary L. Ware,
of Boston, who generously gave one hnndred dollars to the
Paleontological section. With this recent gift much important
material has been purchased.

A few necessary paleontological books were purchased for the
laboratory. Thanks are due for a number of technical papers
received from their authors. Especially to be mentioned are
nearly complete sets of their publications, given by Professor
Alpheus Hyatt, and Dr. E. C. Beecher of New Haven.

Arrangements have been made to employ the electric arc-light
with a magic lantern in the Geological Lecture Room, in place of
the gas-light heretofore used. By the transfer of a number of
duplicates of government geological reports from the Museum
Library to the Department, means have been provided for per-
fecting the preparation of theses in Geology 8, the books being
at present reserved for the use of students in this course. During
the year, the usual number of rock specimens were added to the
teaching collection to replace worn or undesirable material.

The work of cataloguing the collection of photographs belonging
to the department was advanced by Mr. J. V. Lewis. Through
the generosity of Mr. J. L. Gardner, the department has a fund of
$0,000 devoted to the augmentation and care of this means of in-
struction, which it has been voted i the Corporation to call the
“ Gardner Collection of Photographs.”’

During the winter and early spring much time was given ve the
officers of the Department to the preparation of exhibits of our
means of instruction for the World’s Columbian Exposition at
Chicago. A special edition of the General Account of the Depart-
ment has been issued, in which these exhibits are fully described.
The preparation of this exhibit has made felt the want of illus_

21

trative material in the form of rock collections, maps, and models,
particularly in Course 8.

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has called on the Pro-
fessor of Geology for service in three boards: the Commissioners
of the Topographical Survey, the Commissioners of Highways,
and a committee of the State Board of Agriculture charged with
the extermination of the Ocneria dispar, or Gypsy Moth. These
duties have demanded a considerable part of his time, and have
necessarily diminished the amount of research work which should
otherwise have been done. He has also been much engaged in
supervising and directing the work of several assistants in the
Atlantic Coast division of the United States Geological Survey.

22

REPORT ON THE PETROGRAPHICAL LABORATORY.

By ASSISTANT PrRoFessor J. Evior Wo.LrFr.

THE instruction in Elementary Petrography was attended by
fifteen students. ‘The usual lectures were given twice a week,
supplemented by a large amount of laboratory work. Mr. C. L.
Whittle was appointed assistant by the Corporation, and gave the
instructor much needed aid in the care of the laboratory and the
more systematic arrangement of the laboratory work.

Six students pursued advanced work in Petrography, and made
original investigations in the following subjects, among others: —

The Felsites of the Boston Basin.
The Schistose Bombs of the Laacher See, in the Hubbard Collection.
A Basie Dike in the Connecticut Triassic.

During the winter extensive improvements were made in the
geological workshop in the basement, and in the arrangements for
illumination and projection in the Petrographical Lecture Room up-
stairs, and in the large Geological Lecture Room. The increasing
size of the classes and large amount of mechanical work done by
them and other students of geology, in slicing and polishing rocks
and fossils and preparing thin sections, made the use of power
desirable, and almost necessary. A five-horse power electric motor
was therefore placed in a corner of the Chemical Laboratory in.
the basement, and the shafting carried through the wall to the
adjoining workshop. From this a lathe is run carrying the ver-
tical tin disk charged with bort for sawing rocks, and three other
lathes with horizontal revolving iron or zine plates for grinding
and polishing rocks and sections through the different stages.
A useful saving of time and labor is thus gained over the old
method of working by foot and hand power.

At the same time a one-kilowatt, 55-volt dynamo is run from
the motor by suitable shafting, and the current carried to the two

23

lecture-rooms on heavily insulated wire with all possible precau-
tions. In the Petrographical Lecture Room this is utilized alter-
nately for illuminating the room by incandescent lights and by
means of a 2,500 c. p. arc lamp for microscopic projection or pho-
to-micrography with the large Zeiss apparatus placed there. In
this way brilliant projections of thin rock sections are shown to
the class in illustration of the lectures ; and for the ordinary screen
projection of photographs by lantern slides the same apparatus is
eminently satisfactory, especially since, owing to the great power
of the lamp, the projection can take place by daylight or by
partial darkening of the room.

The instructor has continued during the year his work on the
Archean of the New Jersey Highlands, and in the preparation of
a monograph on the Crazy Mountains of Montana.

An exhibit in Petrography was prepared for the Chicago Expo-
sition as part of the contribution of the Department of Geology to
the general exhibit of Harvard University, comprising illustrations
of the methods of laboratory work and material for lecture illus-
tration, examples of the collections, etc.

REPORT ON THE LABORATORY OF PHYSICAL
GEOGRAPHY.

By Proressor W. M. Davis.

INSTRUCTION in Physical Geography and Meteorology has been
continued on the same plan as in former years; the intention
being to give under the first heading a general account of the
oceans and a more particular account of the meaning and develop-
ment of land forms and their relation to habitation ; and under
the second heading, an understanding of the arguments on which
the acceptance of the modern physical theories of meteorology are
based. The instruction in these elementary courses was given in
the form of lectures delivered in the large Geological Lecture
Room, supplemented by exercises in the Laboratory on the fourth
floor. Written and verbal tests were required nearly every week
under the two instructors, besides the usual final examinations.

The lectures, particularly those on Physical Geography, re-
ceived frequent illustration by the lantern, for which our growing
collection of slides gives abundant means. The laboratory exer-
cises were based, much as in previous years, on the special collec-
tion of maps and models formed for this purpose and still increas-
ing. The paper models, described in previous Reports, are still in
constant use in the Laboratory; although it is now desirable that
a new edition of them should be prepared, not only thus better to
meet our own needs, but also to be able to supply the demand for
the models that comes from other colleges. At present the series
is not duplicated for sale or exchange. The employment of a
capable assistant to revise the models is greatly desired.

An almost equal use is made of the large-scale topographic maps
of our own and of foreign countries, of which the Laboratory con-
tains an extended collection, apart from the much larger collection
in the University Library, which is referred to below. In most

25

cases these maps are prepared for students’ use by mounting
together a group of sheets, representing some chosen district.
Besides many examples that might be mentioned from our own
country, the following may be cited from abroad: the longitu-
dinal forms of the-Austrian coast of the Adriatic, the transverse
forms of the coast of southwestern Ireland, the straight-lined
coast of southwestern France, the dissected plateau of north-
western France, the rugged highlands of Scotland, the lacustrine
lowland of Finland, the fluviatile plain of Hungary, etc. It is
found in teaching that these large-scale maps supply an essential
supplement to even the best physical wall maps, such as Kiepert’s.
The latter show the general form of a country as a whole, yet
they fail to represent its physical features with exactness ; but
the former remedy this deficiency, and enable the student to recog-
nize almost the smallest details of geographical form. Their use
has greatly improved the quality of our teaching. It is believed
that the knowledge of the value of accurate maps thus gained by
our students will contribute to establishing an interest in the con-
tinued preparation of accurate and large-scale maps of our own
country.

The advanced course in Physical Geography and Meteorology is,
as in previous years, still carried on chiefly through informal class
conferences, but partly also in individual meetings. This course
was attended by eleven students, of whom five were Graduates
and five Seniors. The subjects studied were: the physical features
of Missouri, Arkansas, and North Carolina, by Messrs. Clendenin,
Griswold, and Harris, based on personal observation in these
States, as well as on areview of what has been written about them :
the physical features of Middle England, by Mr. Moore; the devel-
opment of river terraces, by Mr. Dodge ; the features of our eastern
coast line, by Mr. Hill; foreign studies of thunder-storms, by Mr.
Ward ; maps of annual and seasonal temperature anomalies, by
Mr. Batchelder, and of equal annual temperature ranges, by Mr.
Connolly, these being based on Buchan’s “ Challenger”? charts.
Mention may be made in this connection of two models constructed
under my direction by Mr. Gulliver ; one showing the Newtonville
glacial sand-plain in its present. condition, and the other restor-
ing it as it presumably existed in the closing stages of the glacial
period. Some of the essays prepared by these students will be

published during the coming year.
4

26

Some beginning has been made on a project to form a teaching
collection of photographs and lantern slides, with which to illus-
trate the geology and geography of our several States. Besides a
considerable number of excellent views obtained by gift, the in-
come of the Gardner Fund, supplemented by the general laboratory
funds, enables us to purchase practically all the good photographic
illustrations of geographical and geological features that we can
find for sale. Most of the photographs have now been catalogued
and classified, in order to show not only what we have, but what
we want as well. Correspondence has been opened with a number
of photographers in different parts of the country, and with the
officers of certain State geological surveys, in order to extend our
collection in certain desired directions. It is believed that in a
few years we shall be able to select from this large amount of ma-
terial a series of graded collections of much educational value, thus
extending the usefulness of the University in this direction beyond
its immediate classes.

It is noticeable, however, that in spite of the ease with which
good photographs are now taken, it is still difficult to obtain a
well selected series of views properly illustrating the characteristic
features of any State. The attempt has therefore been made,
through an address to the National Geographic Society, to turn
the attention of our State surveys to the subject of a geographical
examination of their domains. It is indeed a curious fact, that,
while the geological accounts of our States have advanced greatly,
the descriptions of the more elementary subject of their geography
are still scanty. Such as they are, they may generally be found
in the State or national geological reports; but most of them fall
far short of what they should be in the light of modern geographi- »
cal study. Just as the State surveys have specialized their work:
in the direction of paleontology and later of petrography, it is
hoped that the next few years may see a specialization by the sur-
veys in the direction of geography, in the hands of trained experts,
as other technical subjects are. There is encouragement to think
that some of the surveys will at once proceed to the development
of this line of study. If so, a decided improvement in local geo-
graphical teaching may be looked for through the reports that
shall thus be prepared. At present, school teachers have prac-
tically no source of information outside of ordinary text-books
to which they may turn for accounts of the physical features of

27

their home districts; but such accounts might be well supplied
through the illustrated geographical reports published by the. State
surveys.

The special appropriation allotted by the Council of the Univer-
sity Library for the purchase of large-scale topographical maps
has been increased from $300 for the year 1891-92 to $350 for
the current year, and in this way our collection of modern maps
has been most serviceably enlarged. The University Library pre-
viously possessed in the Kohl collection a large number of older
maps of great historical interest, but of practically no value in
teaching physical geography. When the recent purchases began,
the only considerable topographical maps in the Library were the
Ordnance Survey of Great Britain, the Etat Major and the Public
Works maps of France, the Dufour and the plane-table maps of
Switzerland. Since then, the topographical maps of the Nether-
lands, Belgium, Norway, Germany, Saxony, Austria, Italy, and
Spain have been secured. It is hoped that the appropriation for
this purpose may be continued for several years to come, as all of
the best geographical material of the world can then be placed
before our students.

There has been opportunity of extending the relations of the
geographical section of the University with the public schools in
several ways. In the summer of 1892, an address was delivered
before the American Institute of Instruction at Narragansett
Pier, R. L., on Geographical Illustrations, and repeated before the
Middlesex Teachers’ Association and the Bristol County Teachers’
Association in the autumn. The object of the address was to em- ©
phasize the importance of using various means of illustration,
such as maps, models, views, diagrams, etc., in teaching geography.
It has since then been published by the University as a reprint
from the Proceedings of the Institute. During the year, a course
of lectures on Geography was given to teachers ; this being one of
three courses of lectures, on Geometry, Physics, and Geography,
offered by the University to the teachers of the Cambridge public
schools. In this way sixty or seventy of the teachers from the
grammar schools met in our large Geological Lecture-Room once
a week, from November to April.

During the Christmas recess the writer attended a conference
of ten members, appointed by a special committee of the National
Educational Association, and held in Chicago, to consider the

28

teaching of geography and related subjects in the secondary
schools. A report on the work of the conference will be duly
published. A sub-committee was appointed by the geographical
conference, consisting of Mr. C. F. King of the Dearborn Grammar
School, Boston, Professor G. L. Collie, of Beloit College, Wisconsin,
and the writer, to prepare a list of governmental maps that might
be advisably used in geographical teaching. The committee met
in our Laboratory in June, and made a selection of about two
hundred maps and charts from among those published by our vari-
ous official surveys. This list will be shortly published, with indi-
cations of the means of obtaining the maps, and with some account
of the features that they illustrate. It is believed that the list
may have a beneficial effect on the teaching of geography in the
schools.

The field study of the Triassic area of Connecticut, mentioned
in my previous reports as having been undertaken for the United
States Geological Survey, has been finished during the past year,
with the assistance of Mr. L. S. Griswold. Mr. Griswold -has also
completed a colored map of the district on the topographical
sheets of the survey, and has prepared a number of true-scale sec-
tions, on which, after plotting the various fault-lines by which the
formation is frequently dislocated, he has indicated the inferred
depth of the deposits underground, and has restored the portion
lost by erosion above ground; he then reversed the movements on
the fault-lines, and thus returned the dislocated blocks of each
section to their original positions, as nearly as can be determined ;
' producing an excellent illustration of the trough in which the
Triassic sandstones and lavas were accumulated.

Much spare time has been given during the past two years to
the completion of a text-book of Meteorology, which is now in the
printer’s hands. It will be ready for use with the class in Elemen-
tary Meteorology, in the second half of the current year.

Besides the share that Mr. Ward has had in the work of the
elementary courses, he has carried on a special study of thunder-
storms in New England for the National Weather Bureau, and
has continued in the editorship of the ‘“ American Meteorological
Journal,’ of which mention was made in the last Report. Finding
that the preparation of the Journal calls for an increasing share of
his time, he proposes to withdraw from certain of his other duties
for the coming year, and devote a greater part of his time to
editorial work.

29

PUBLICATIONS BY MEMBERS OF THE GEOLOGICAL
DEPARTMENT.

THE following papers of a scientific nature have been published
during the year.

By N. 8. Shaler: —

1. The Conditions of Erosion beneath Deep Glaciers, based upon a
study of the Boulder Train from Iron Hill, Cumberland, R.I. Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zodl., XVI. No. 11, pp. 185-225. January, 1893. 4
plates, 1 map.

2. The Interpretation of Nature. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston
and New York, 1893. 16mo., pp. xi., 305.

3. Report on the Work done in the Atlantic Coast Division of the
U. S. Geological Survey for the Year ending June 30, 1890. Eleventh
Annual Report of the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey, Part I.
pp. 62-64. Washington, D. C., 1891.

4. Report of the Commission to improve the Highways of the Com-
monwealth of Massachusetts. Boston, 1893, pp. 238. [With Geo. S.
Perkins and W. E. McClintock. |

5. On the Antiquity of Man in North America. Amer. Geol., 1893,
XI. pp. 180-184.

By W. M. Davis: —

1. Geographical Illustrations. Suggestions for teaching Physical
Geography, based on the Physical Features of Southern New England.
An Address delivered at Narragansett Pier, R. I., July 6, 1892. Proce.
Amer. Inst. Instruction ; also reprinted and for sale by the University.

2. The Extension of Physical Geography in Elementary Teaching.
An Address delivered before the Middlesex Schoolmasters’ Club in
Boston, October, 1892. School and College, December, 1892, I. pp.
599-608.

3. Geography in the Schools. School Review, June, 1893, I. pp.
327-339.

4, The Improvement of Geographical eae: Nat. Geogr. Mag.,
July, 1893, IV. pp. 68-75.

-d. The Subglacial Origin of Certain Eskers. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist., 1892, XXV. pp. 477-499.

30

6. The General Winds of the Atlantic Ocean. Amer. Met. Journ.,
1893, IX. pp. 476-488.

7. Brief Meteorological Articles : — Proposed Subjects for correlated
Study by State Weather Services. Amer. Met. Journ., 1893, X. pp.
68-74. Notice of H. F. Blandford, Ibid., pp. 74-76. Cloud Meas-
urements at Blue Hill Observatory, Ibid., pp. 107-109.

8. The Convex Profile of Bad-Land Divides. Science, Oct. 28, 1892,
p. 245.

9. The Topographical Maps of the United States Geological Survey,
Science, April 28, 1893, pp. 225-227.

10. The Geologic Atlas of the United States. The Nation, Jan. 19,
1893, pp. 45, 46.

11. Lunar Craters. [ Review of ‘‘ The Moon’s Face,” by G. K. Gil-
bert.| The Nation, May 11, 1893, pp. 342,343.

12. Special Students in Harvard College. Harv. Grad. Mag., 1893,
I. pp. 5386-541.

13. Articles on (Lake) Agassiz, Bad-lands, Beach, (Lake) Bonneville,
Cafion, Cataracts, Cave, Cliff, Coast, Colorado River, Coral Islands.
Delta, Deserts, Dune. Johnson’s Universal Cyclopedia, New York,
1892, Vols. I. and II.

By J. E. Wolff: —

Acmite Trachyte from the Crazy Mountains. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl.,
XVI. No. 12, April, 1893, pp. 227-233. [With R.S. Tarr. |

By T. W. Harris: —

1. Mountains as Storm-breeders. Amer. Met. Journ., X. 1893,.pp.
126-131.
By R. T. Jackson: —

Beecher’s Studies of the Brachiopoda. Amer. Nat., XXVI. 1892,
pp. 837, 838.

By R. DeC. Ward: —

1. Thunderstorms in New England during the Year 1887. Ameri-
can Meteorological Journal, [X. pp. 211-216.

2. The First Aerial Voyage across the English Channel, Ibid., IX.
pp. 307-811.

3. Recent Foreign Studies of Thunderstorms, Ibid., IX. pp. 5382-541,
X. pp. 111-126, 178-184.

4. Thunderstorms in New England during the Years 1886 and 1887.
Annals Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College, XX XI. Part IL.
pp. 261-343.

5. Investigation of Thunderstorms in New England. In Report
on the Forecasting of Thunderstorms during the Summer of 1892,

ol

by N. B. Conger. United States Department of Agriculture, Weather
Bureau, Bulletin No. 9, 8vo, Washington, 1893, pp. 80-50.

6. Our Immigration Laws: What they are and what Changes should
be made in them. The Boston Commonwealth, July 15, 1893.

7. Edited: The American Meteorological Journal, an Illustrated
Monthly devoted to Scientific Meteorology and Allied Branches of
Study, 8vo, Ginn & Company, Boston, Mass., Publishers.

By J. B. Woodworth: —

1. The Ice-wall on the Beach at Hull, Mass., January, 1893. Sci-
ence, Feb. 10, 1898, XXI. pp. 71, 72 (38 figs.).

2. Feeding-lines of a Living Land Gasteropod on Lichened Slate.
Science, March 24, 1893, XXI. p. 159.

3. Spirula fragilis found on the Beach near Gay Head, Mass. ‘The
Nautilus, February, 1893, VI. pp. 119, 120. |

4. Subjects for Theses, with leading References to the Literature.
Department of Geology, Course 8, Bulletin VII. Published by the
University. pp. 15.

5. Notes on the Wood or Fallow Ant of Southeastern Massachusetts.
Science, Sept. 8, 1893, XXII. pp. 132, 133.

By L. 8. Griswold : —

Whetstones and the Novaculites of Arkansas. Annual Report of
the Geological Survey of Arkansas, 1890, Vol. III., Little Rock, Ark.,
1892, pp. xviil., 448, with 9 plates and 2 maps.

A Basic Dike in the Connecticut Triassic. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl.,
August, 1893, XVI. No. 14, pp. 239-242, with 1 plate.

By C. L. Whittle : —

1. Some Dynamic and Metasomatic Phenomena in a Metamorphic
Conglomerate in the Green Mountains. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Feb., 1893,
IV. pp. 147-166, with 2 plates.

2. An Ottrelite-bearing Phase of a Metamorphic Conglomerate in

the Green Mountains. Amer. Journal Sci., Oct., 1892, XLIV. pp.
270-277.

By R. E. Dodge: —

1. The Moon’s Face, by G. K. Gilbert. [A review.]| Amer. Met.
Journ., 1898, X. pp. 126-131.

32

REPORT ON THE INSTRUCTION IN ZOOLOGY.

By E. L. Marx.

THE instruction in Zodlogy during the Academic year 1892-93
has been substantially the same as that of the previous year, the
only exception being a change in the course in Osteology by Dr.
Slade, which is now conducted as a research course (Zodl. 20 ¢).

The accompanying table shows the number of students by classes
in each of the zodlogical courses : —

Class. Gr Sen Jun Soph. Fr Sp Se Total
DOW lee As Oy 6 6 8 21 24 7 19 91

2 2 5 7 6 8 ] ; 9 36
a 3 6 8 3 1 4 22
A oe 5 6 ] 3 15
es 5 6 6 1 2 15
20a 12 Bo wey 12
“ 9O0e 9 ] ] 4

The laboratory work in Zodlogy 1 was under the immediate
supervision of Mr. H. M. Kelly, the Assistant during the previous
year, who had as sub-assistants Dr. H. S. Pratt, and Messrs.
J. H. Gerould, H. L. Jones, C. A. Kofoid, and A. G. Mayer.

The department was also fortunate in being able to retain for
another year the services of Mr. W. S. Nickerson as Assistant in
Zodlogy 2. ‘The number of students in Zoology 3 necessitated the
employment of an assistant in that course, — Mr. W. A. Lecompte.
Kach of the students wrote a thesis in connection with and sup-
plementary to the routine dissections of the course on a problem
in comparative anatomy.

As usual, Dr. W. McM. Woodworth assisted in fhe: laboratory
work in Zoology 4 and 5, and gave a portion of the lectures in the
former course. The number of students in these courses exceeded
the accommodations in room 2, and it was necessary to divide the
class for laboratory work into sections, and assign them to different

oe

rooms, — an arrangement that entailed considerable inconvenience
to students as well as instructors. If the classes continue to be as
large, it will be very desirable to provide in the future additional
room for their accommodation. Temporary relief from the over-
crowded condition of the room for students engaged in research
was provided by the Director of the Museum, who allowed Drs.
Davenport and Woodworth to fit up one of the rooms used for the
storage of collections as a private laboratory, in which a place was
also made for one of the advanced students.

Satisfactory progress was made by those engaged in research,
and the meetings of the Zodlogical Club every two weeks were
well attended. At Commencement the degree of Ph. D. was con-
ferred on one student, now Professor of Zodlogy in the University
of California, and that of A. M. on three others.

Considerable time was given, especially by the chairman of the
Department and Dr. Woodworth, to the preparation and arrange-
ment of material for the World’s Fair Exhibit at Chicago. The
zoological exhibit contained, besides photographs of the various
laboratories, samples of work done by students, and special appli-
ances and apparatus used in the laboratories and lectures. The
collection also embraced both wax and plaster models, in various
stages of advancement, made from microscopic objects and such
apparatus as is employed by advanced students in making
them.

During the second half of the year Dr. Davenport gave at the
Museum a brief course of lectures on ‘* Morphogenesis,” which was
open to all members of the University interested in the subject.
Similar courses of lectures on other topics would undoubtedly be
valuable both to zodlogical students and others interested in the
work of the Department.

Since my last report the following contributions from the
Zoological Laboratory, Nos. XXXIII.—XXXVII., have been pub-
lished : —

XXXII. On Urnatella gracilis. By C.B. Davenport. 44 pp., 6 pl.
January, 1893.

XXXIV. Note on the Carotids and the Ductus Botalli of the Alligator.
By C. B. Davenport. 6 pp.,1 pl. January, 1893.

XXXV. On the Eyes, the Integumentary Sense Papille, and the
Integument of the San Diego Blind Fish (Typhlogobius californiensis,
Steindachner). By W. E. Ritter. 54 pp., 4 pl. April, 1893.

5)

34

XXXVI. The Development of the Scales of Lepidosteus. By W. S.
Nickerson. 26 pp. 4 pl. July, 1893.

XXXVII. Studies in Morphogenesis. I. On the Development of
the Cerata in olis. By C. B. Davenport. 8 pp., 2 pl. July, 1893.

Since the last report there has also been published ‘“ Polyche-
rus caudatus, nov. gen. et nov. sp.,” by Edward Laurens Mark.
‘“‘Festschrift zum siebenzigsten Geburtstage Rudolf Leuckarts,”
pp- 298-309. 1 Pl. Leipzig, [Oct.] 1892. Also the translation of
Hertwig’s ‘“* Lehrbuch der Entwicklungsgeschichte,” etc., under the
title, ‘‘ Text-book of the Embryology of Man and Mammals.”

The first part of Korschelt u. Heider’s “ Entwicklungsgeschichte
der wirbellosen Thiere,” by Drs. Mark and Woodworth, is nearly
ready for the printer.

By the appointment of an additional Instructor in Zoology more
time will be allowed for the supervision of research work, and two
half-courses are added, one by Dr. Parker on The Nervous System
and its Termina¥ Organs, the other by Dr. Davenport on Experi-
mental Morphology.

The most urgent need of the Department is still the proper equip-
ment of the aquarium and vivarium, there being no adequate pro-
vision for keeping even the animals required in the laboratory work
of the regular courses; these are often needed at a time when fresh
material cannot otherwise be had. But, for the proper develop-
ment of the department, provision for keeping fresh material to be
used in the class-work of undergraduates, is less important than
it is to have well arranged compartments in which animals may be
subjected to constant and predetermined conditions of environ-
ment, the effects of which may be systematically studied. Pro-
vision should be made for carrying on investigations of this kind
running over long periods of time, as well as for the briefer experi-
mentations which may be carried on by students during the term
of a single course. Those engaged in embryological work should
also be provided here with every facility for accumulating and
keeping under control the material needed in their researches.

The necessities of the Department in this particular, which have
long been anticipated by the Curator, so far as regards the space
in the Museum building required, cannot much longer remain un-
satisfied, unless we are willing to accept an inferior position in the
facilities afforded for advanced work in Zoology.

35

REPORT ON OSTEOLOGY.
By Daniet DENISON SLADE.

SINCE my last report, the osteological collections have received
no important additions. They remain in good condition.

In the collection of disarticulated skeletons, many of the orders,
notably the Chiroptera, Insectivora, and Rodentia, are deficient in
several of the families. This lack of material is a serious draw-
back, not only to the instructor, but to the scientific student, and
it is hoped that it may be supplied in the near future by means now
unforeseen.

Specimens from various sources have been received for identifi-
cation, and have been duly returned after determination.

In accordance with my own previous ideas, and in unison with
the suggestions made by the Curator in his last Annual Report,
in regard to the original aim of the Museum, to the effect that its
highest usefulness may be made available for the purposes of
science, and for the more advanced studies, the course of compara-
tive osteology during the last academical year, was devoted more
especially to research. This plan, although it does not debar
those students who desire to gain merely a general acquaintance
with the subject, allows those more advanced to pursue the inves-
tigations in which they may be especially interested.

Instead of a final examination, as formerly required, written
theses have been adopted, and the results have been very satisfac-
tory. Lectures, as also oral examinations, have been given at the
option of the instructor. The important subject of Dentition also
received more attention than it has been possible to give to it dur-
ing the few past years. Four students, three Graduates and one
Senior, availed themselves of the opportunities offered by the ex-
tensive collections of the University in this department during the
last year, — opportunities not to be obtained in any other institu-
tion in the country.1

1 This small number of students, as is the case in other departments, must be at-
tributed to the increased number of elective studies.

36

Besides a review of Professor Flower’s volume on “‘ The Horse,”
and also other papers, the following have been published by
me : —

Osteological Notes, Science, Vol. XXI., No. 523, p. 78; No. 539,
p- 301.

Ready for publication in the Museum Bulletin : —
The Significance of the Jugal Arch.

37

REPORT ON THE MAMMALS AND BIRDS.

By WILLIAM BREWSTER.

THE collection of mounted Mammals has received the following
additions : —

A Bat from Alaska; an Elephant, a Hippopotamus, four Ante-
lopes ( Oryzx beisa, Nanotragus melanotis, Cephalolophus pygmeus,
and CO. Maxwell) and a Wild Hog, from Africa ; and five Lemurs
CGneluding Lemur catta, L. renifrons, Propithecus coronatus, and
Microrhynchus laniger), from Madagascar. A fine skin of the
African Leopard has also been mounted for exhibition in the Afri-
can Room.

The large and very valuable collection of mounted birds given
to the Museum by Mrs. Greene Smith, as described in the last
Annual Report, has been prepared for exhibition and arranged in
the new cases in the North American Room. After the specimens
had been reidentified and relabelled by the assistant and catalogued
by Miss Parker, they were transferred from the original moss-
covered stands — which proved unsuitable for Museum purposes —
to plain white painted stands, uniform with those in general use
throughout the Exhibition Rooms. This part of the work and the
general renovation of the collection were intrusted to Mr. James
T. Clark, a well known professional taxidermist, whose skill in
removing dust and grease stains, mending broken parts, and re-
storing rumpled or defective plumage has enhanced very materially
the general beauty of the collection, as well as reduced the num-
ber of specimens too imperfect to be retained to but little more
than one hundred.

Our old North American collection has been similarly treated,
and all the damaged or worthless specimens remounted or thrown
out. Those remaining have been arranged with the Greene Smith
birds, but the latter are distinguished by their different labels. The
combined collection, in accordance with the promise made to Mrs.

38

Smith, will be hereafter called the “‘ Greene Smith Collection of
North American Birds.’”’ Taken as a whole, it forms an attractive
and very satisfactory representation of the North American bird
fauna. Of course there are still gaps to be filled, but most of these
concern birds which can be obtained without much difficulty. A
pair of Bachman’s Warblers, a Snowy Heron, Night Heron, Mal-
lard, Wood Duck, Harlequin Duck, Goosander, and Hooded Mer-
ganser have been already bought for this purpose.

The Greene Smith Humming-birds, numbering about three
hundred specimens, have been placed on exhibition in the South
American room, where an entire case has been devoted to them.
This disposition is perhaps open to some criticism on the ground
that certain of the species are peculiar to the West Indies, while
others breed only in North America. But as by far the greater
number are exclusively South or Central American, and as the
family is of undoubted Neotropical origin, it seemed best to waive
this objection. The only alternative was a place in the Systematic
Room or in one of the halls, where the light would have been more
or less unsatisfactory. The case in the South American room
has a clear, direct light, admirably adapted for bringing out the
metallic or iridescent tints which form the chief glory of these
exquisite little creatures. Mr. Clark has displayed the specimens
to unusual advantage by mounting them on invisible wires fas-
tened to horizontal wooden strips, which extend quite across the
case and rise in tiers, each above and a little behind the next, like
the seats in a theatre. The flexibility of the wires made it easy
to adjust each specimen at precisely the right angle with the rays
of light, and the birds, being placed close together and freed from
the usual detracting adjuncts of shelves and stands, present an
appearance nearly as brilliant and striking as that of a bank of
flowers. If the approval of the visiting public may be taken as a
criterion, the success of this unconventional treatment can be open
to no doubt, for the case of Humming-birds has attracted general
and marked attention ever since it was first placed on exhibition.
It is perhaps necessary to add that esthetic considerations were
not allowed to interfere with a strict scientific classification, and
that small labels bearing the usual inscriptions are pasted on the
horizontal strips below the specimens to which they relate.

Five birds sent to the American Museum a year or more ago
have been returned by Mr. Allen.

og

The Assistant in this department has published the following
papers and notes in “ The Auk ”’ : —

Description of a new Humming-bird from Northern Mexico.

A Brood of Young Flickers (Colaptes auratus) and how they were
fed.

On the Occurrence of certain Birds in British Columbia.

The Ipswich Sparrow (Ammodramus princeps) on the Coast of
Georgia.

40

REPORT ON THE REPTILES AND FISHES.
By SAMUEL GARMAN.

THE work in these departments has included fitting up exhibits
for the Pacific and the Asiatic rooms, and rearrangement of the
North American and the Australian specimens, beside the usual
routine work, identifications, and studies. Better representatives
have replaced a considerable number of those formerly on the
shelves, and many duplicates have been entirely withdrawn from
the collections. Several tortoises and a large alligator were
mounted for the North American room. Among the outgoing
material was that furnished students in the laboratories, and a
couple of series of Reptiles and Batrachians sent to Dr. Hurter.

Donations were received from Mr. Philipp Adams, Dr. Harrison
Allen, A. N. Cheney, Esq., Mr. Chick, William Clapp, Hon. J. G.
A. Creighton, Prof. W. Faxon, J. B. Greenough, Esq., Mr. Thomas
A. Hillery, Dr. L. C. Jones, W. H. Jones, Esq., Mrs. J. M. May-
nard, Colonel McDonald, U. S. Fish Commissioner, Gerrit S.
Miller, Esq., Mr. Wm. B. Richardson, Mr. W. W. Rockwell, Robt.
Gaston Smith, Esq., Mr. Rollo W. Snell, Miss Elizabeth Taylor,
Bradford Torrey, Esq., and Mr. N. Vickary. Many of the acces-
sions are of rare and desirable species. Hspecially valuable are the
live specimens sent by Dr. Hurter; kept living for a time, they
afforded the means of determining much relating to the life his-,
tories of their species.

A particular study of the Acipenseroids was made by Mr. Nic-
olas Borodine, sent out by the Russian government.

The amount of loss from evaporation, leakage, or breakage is
very small.

The list of publications is made up of the Lg Owae s in addition
to unsigned reviews and other articles.

In “ Science’’ : —

‘¢On Chelydra serpentina.”
‘¢ On the Growth of the Rattle of Crotalide.”

4]

“ The Lac de Marbre Trout.” (Reprinted by Forest and Stream,
and others.)

In the Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society :—

‘¢On Cabinet, Library, and Wardrobe Pests,” in ‘‘ The Ravages of
Bookworms,” by the Librarian of the Society, Dr. S. A. Green. (Also
in Science.)

REPORT ON THE ENTOMOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT.
By Samuet HensHAw.

AppitI0ons to the collection of the department have been
received from Messrs. A. Agassiz, M. A. Barber, F. Blanchard, P.
P. Calvert, D. a Coquillett, J. W. Freese, H. H. Lyman, C. J.
Maynard, G. S. Miller, Jr., A. P. Morse, S. H. Scudder, J. G.
Shute, aan Teeter. William Trelease, and the Peabody Acad-
emy of Science, Salem.

Various portions of the collection have been studied at the
Museum by Messrs. F. Blanchard, T. L. Casey, H. G. Dyar, E. P.
Felt, C. H. Fernald, Roland Hayward, G. H. Horn, J. G. Jack,
A. P. Morse, F. W. Russell, S. H. Scudder, and Roland Thaxter ;
assistance has also been given to Messrs. P. P. Calvert, D. W.
Coquillett, H. H. Lyman, and Roland Thaxter.

The entire collection has been examined three times, and though
not entirely free from pests, is, as a whole, in excellent condition.

The withdrawal of duplicates and the condensation of scattered
material has relieved the department of various odd boxes and
cabinets ; the Loew collection of Diptera and a part of the Odonata
are the only portions of the collection not in the regular Museum
boxes and cabinets.

A rearrangement of the cabinets, rendered denivable by the
increased space afforded by the additional room, has been effected ;
the systematic and biological collections of Lepidoptera and Co-
leoptera are in one room, the other orders are in a second room, '
while the third room is reserved for the library and laboratory.

The routine work has been chiefly to facilitate the work of
specialists wishing to study the collection; for this purpose por-
tions of the Odonata, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, and
Lepidoptera Rhopalocera have been rearranged.

Additional space having been granted in the North American
room, three boxes, two of Odonata and one of Hemiptera, are
ready to be placed on exhibition.

The library has been rearranged; a considerable number of
books have been transferred to the Museum library.

REPORT ON THE INVERTEBRATA (EXCLUSIVE OF
INSECTS).

By WALTER Faxon.

A coop deal of time has been spent during the past year in
rearranging and extending the exhibition collections of Inverte-
brata. A change of plan was decided upon early in the year, by
which the marine forms were to be eliminated from the rooms
assigned to illustration of the Continental Faunz. Space was
thereby gained for a fuller display of land and fresh-water types,
and much unnecessary duplication of species exhibited in the
rooms devoted to the Oceanic Faun was avoided. This radical
change of plan involved a complete overhauling of the Invertebrata
in the North American, South American, and Europzo-Siberian
Rooms. An entirely new series of land and fresh-water shells has
been selected, mounted, and placed on exhibition in the African,
Australian, and Indian Faunal Rooms; another collection of ter-
restrial shells from the Polynesian Islands has been placed in one
of the cases in the Pacific Ocean Room. The preparation of these
collections for exhibition was intrusted to Misses Clark and
Parker. The Pacific Ocean faunal collection, though far from
completed, was brought up to a condition such as to warrant
opening the room to the public last winter.

Material for study has been sent from the Museum to F. E.
Schulze, Berlin, C. Pictet, Geneva, F. Meinert, Copenhagen, G.
W. Miller, Naples, and R. P. Bigelow, Baltimore. A collection
of corals has been given to the Bigelow School, Marlborough,
Mass. Gifts of specimens have been received from the California
Academy of Sciences, the Boston Society of Natural History, the
U. S. National Museum, A. Agassiz, Cambridge, Ign. Bohrar,
Madrid, G. 8S. Miller, Jr., Cambridge, and ©. J. Maynard, Boston.

An elaborate final Report on the Museum collection of Pagu-
ride dredged by the “ Blake” Expeditions of 1877-80 has been
prepared by Professor Alphonse Milne-Edwards and Mr. E. L. Bou-

a+

vier, and published in the Memoirs of the Museum, Vol. XIV., 172
pages, 12 plates. My own Report on the Crustacea secured during
the cruise of the U. 8S. Fish Commission steamer “ Albatross” off
the tropical Pacific Coast and in the Gulf of California, during
1891, was finished last winter. On account of the length of time
required to prepare the plates which are to accompany this Report,
preliminary descriptions of the new genera and species have been
printed in the Museum Bulletin, Vol. XXIV., pp. 147-220.

REPORT ON THE PALZONTOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT.

By ALPHeus HyYaAtTt.

In connection with work on the Carboniferous Cephalopods of
Texas, which will be shortly published, the Assistant has classi-
fied and renamed the corresponding collection in the Museum,
and made a number of preparations showing the stages of growth
of different species and genera.

The Whitney Collection of California fossils presented to the
Museum this year has been looked over and in part studied. It
is small, but it contains some fossils of extraordinary interest.
Among those that may be mentioned are a number of the types of
Gabb’s descriptions of California fossils. The value of these origi-
nals, especially with reference to the history of Mesozoic Geology
of the West cannot be overestimated.

Through Professor Pickering the Museum has also received a
small collection of South American fossils collected by Mr. A. E.
Douglass.

The department is indebted to Dr. R. T. Jackson for work upon
the collections, and the superintendence of the work of Miss Clarke
in mending broken fossils of the Gebhard and other collections.

The following papers have been published : —

Bioplastology and the related Branches of Scientific Research, te
Alpheus Hyatt, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XXVI., 1893, pp. 59-125.

The Terms of Bioplastology, by Alpheus Hyatt, Zool. Anzeiger,
Nos. 426, 427, 1833.

Bemerkungen zu Schulze’s System einer deskriptiren Terminologie,
Biol. Centralbl., XIII., Nos. 15, 16, 1893.

REPORT ON THE LIBRARY.

By Miss F. M. Suack.

DurinG the year ending September 1, 1893, the Library has
received 633 volumes, of which 5 are atlases, 1,830 parts, and 107
pamphlets : —

VOLUMES. PARTS. PAMPHLETS.
Gites tat 40 SPR. ot) Ss Ree 113 aL a
BIxchan ge yr “ees. 8) oe. obey a ee 675 48
Prpehase poo. Ge wll ie eee 224 1
Pie RARBIZ uw Ss oy yw - 4g kt pte ee en 785 40
Bmaine ates 2.6 6 oS aa
Witney Libraty oy. x) 4) ete eae 38 7

633 1830 107

The number of volumes now in the Library (exclusive of
pamphlets and the Whitney Library) is 21,024, There are 14,417
pamphlets bound in 2,452 volumes, making the total number of
volumes 23,476.

AT

[A]
PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1892-93,

Of the Bulletin : —
Vol. XVI. [Geological Series Vol. II.].

No. 11. The Conditions of Erosion beneath Derr GuaciEeRs based upon a
Study of the BoutpER Train from Iron Hix, Cumberland, R. I. By
N. S. Sater. pp. 42. Map and 4 Plates. January, 1893.

No. 12. Acmite TracuyTeE from the Crazy Mountains, Montana. By J. E.
Wo.rr and R.S. Tarr. pp. 10. April, 1893.

No. 18. Report on the DREDGING OPERATIONS off the Wrest Coast of Central
America to the GaLApaGos, etc. V. Report upon Rocks collected from
the Galapagos Islands. By G. P. Merrity. pp. 4. July, 1893.

No. 14. A Basic Dike in the Connecticut Triassic. By L. 8S. Griswo.p.
pp.4and1 Plate. August, 1898.

| Vol. XVI. to be continued.]
Vol. XXIII. [Complete.]

No. 4. Studies from the Newport Marine Laboratory.— XXIX. Preliminary
Note on some Modifications of the CHromaTorHores of FisHes and
Crustaceans. By A. Agassiz. pp. 6. 1 Plate. December, 1892.

No. 5. Reports on the DREDGING OprEeRaTiIoONns off the West Coast of Central
America to the GaLapaGos, etc., by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer
“ AtBaTross.” III. On a Peculiar Type of ARENACEOUS FORAMINIFER
from the American Tropical Pacific, Neustna Acassiz1. By A. Goss.
pp. 4. 1 Plate. December, 1892.

No. 6. Report on the Resutts oF Drepeine by the U.S. Coast Survey
Steamer “Briaxe.” XXXIV. Report on the Motitusca dredged by the
“BLAKE” in 1880, including Descriptions of several New Species. By
Katuarine J. Busu. pp. 43. 2 Plates. January, 1893.

Vol. XXIV. [Complete. ]

No. 1. Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory. — XXXIII. On Urna-
TELLA GraciLis. By C. B. DaAvENPorRT. pp.44. 6 Plates. January, 1893.

No. 2. Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory. — XXXIV. Note on
the Carotips and the Ductus Bortatti of the Atuicator. By C. B.
Davenport. pp. 4. 1 Plate. January, 1893.

No.

No.

No.

No.

48

3. Contributions from the Zoodlogical Laboratory. — XXXV. On the
Eyes, the Integumentary Sense Papritt#, and the InrecumentT of the
San Diego Blind Fish (TyPHLOGOBIUS CALIFORNIENSIS, STEINDACHNER)
By W. E. Ritter. pp. 54. 4 Plates. April, 1893.

4, Reports on the Drepeine Operations off the West Coast of Central
America to the GALAPAGOS, etc., by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer.
“ AvpaTross.” IV. Vorlaiufiger Bericht tiber die erbeuteten Honotuv-
RIEN. Von H. Lupwic. pp. 10. June, 1893.

5. Contributions from the Zodlogical Laboratory.— XXXVI. The DrEvEL-
OPMENT of the Scates of Leriposteus. By W. S. NickrerRson. pp. 27.
4 Plates. July, 1898.

6. Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory. — XXX VII. Srupies
in MorpHocengsis. I. On the DEVELOPMENT of the CrRaTA in OLIS.
By C. B. Davenport. pp. 8. 2 Plates. July, 1893.

.7. Reports on the DrepGine OreRATions off the West Coast of Central

America to the GALAPAGOS, etc., by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer
“ AtBaTross.” VI. Preliminary Descriptions of New Srecixzs ot Crus-
TACEA. By W. Faxon. pp. 72. August, 1893.

Of the Memoirs : —
Vol. XIV. [Complete.]

No.

3. Reports on the Resutts or Drepeine by the United States Coast
Survey Steamer “ Braxe.” XXXIII. Descriptions des Crustactés de la
Famille des Pacuriens recueillis pendant l’Expédition. Par A. MILNE-
Epwarps et E. L. Bouvier. pp. 172. 12 Plates. April, 1893.

49

[B]

Tue Faculty of the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy will receive
applications from candidates desiring to occupy the table at the Naples
Zoological Station, which has been placed at its disposal from October
lsoe.

The applicant must be (or have been recently) a student or instructor
at some American University, preferably a person who has taken the
degree of Ph.D. or 8. D.; he must have published some creditable
original investigation, and should be recommemded as an able investi-
gator by the professor under whom he has studied.

Applicants will please forward to the undersigned their recommen-
dations, and a statement of their qualifications, and of the subject to
which they hope to devote themselves.

In order that the Faculty may make the most satisfactory disposi-
tion of the table during the whole year, the applicants are requested to
state the length of time they desire to remain at Naples, and also the
earliest and latest dates within which they can avail themselves of the
appointment.

The Faculty will, at suitable intervals, nominate to the Corporation
of Harvard College for approval the incumbent or incumbents for the
year 1893-94.

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ,
- Director.

[C]
INVESTED FUNDS OF THE MUSEUM.

IN THE HANDS OF THE TREASURER OF HARVARD COLLEGE, Sept. 1, 1898.

Sturgie-Hooper Wand . 00 se ik te SN aie wy ee eee et
Gray Hand's ecu. % os on Eas) opt acBAE Ieee es akan ot Se 50,000.00
Agassiz Memorial Fond ee ee ee a er ey
Teachers and Papile Fund. .. ... . Sere eo a ee ee 7,594.01
Permanent Fimd . =: . . sls ce Se ee be co ee ak 6 Sich ace eam
Humboldt Fund .. . RT Rh A a las OE end nk tea ye oe 7,740.66
Virginia Barret Gibbs Rawk | & Wop Sela FOYE ot os SE ee 5,000.00

$585,737.11

The payments on account of the Museum are made by the Bursar of Harvard
College, on vouchers approved by the Curator. The accounts are annually exam-
ined by a committee of the Museum Faculty. The only funds the income of which
is restricted, the Gray and the Humboldt Funds, are annually charged in an analysis
of the accounts with vouchers to the payment of which the income is applicable.

The income of the Gray Fund can be applied to the purchase and maintenance of
collections, but not for salaries.

The income of the Humboldt Fund (about $400) can be applied for the benefit of
one or more students of Natural History, either at the Museum, the Newport
Marine Laboratory, the United States Fish Commission Station at Wood’s Holl,
or elsewhere.

Applications for the tables reserved for advanced Students at the Newport
Marine Laboratory, and for the tables at the Wood’s Holl Station, should be
made to the Curator of the Museum before the Ist of May. Applicants should
state their qualifications, and indicate the course of study they intend to pursue.

The income of the Virginia Barret Gibbs Scholarship Fund, of the value of $250, :
is assigned annually, with the approval of the Faculty of the Museum, at the recom-
mendation of the Professors of Zodlogy and of Comparative Anatomy in Harvard
University, “in supporting or assisting to support one or more students who have
shown decided talents in Zoology, and preferably in the direction of Marine
Zoodlogy.”

See Appendix B of this Report for the conditions upon which the table at the
Naples Zoological Station is assigned.

The following Publications of the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy
are In preparation : —

»

Reports on the Results of Dredging Operations in 1877, 1878, 1879, and 1880, in Charge of ALEX-
ANDER AGASSIZ, by the U.S, Coast Survey Steamer “ Blake,” as follows: —

A. MILNE-EDWARDS. Crustacea of the ‘ Blake.’’
E. EHLERS. The Annelids of the ‘‘ Blake.”
G. B. GOODE and T. BEAN. Deep-Sea Fishes of the East Coast of the United States.
“Blake” and “‘Albatross” Collections published in connection with the National Museum.
A. A. HUBRECHT. The Nemerteans.
C. HARTLAUB. The Comatule of the *‘ Blake,” with 15 Plates.
A. E. VERRILL. The Alcyonaria of the “ Blake.”
Illustrations of North American MARINE INVERTEBRATES, from Drawings by BuRK-
HARDT, SONREL, and A. AGASSIZ, prepared under the Direction of L. AGAssIz.
Selections from EMBRYOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS, compiled by A. AGAssIz, W. FAXxon,
and E. lL. MArx« (discontinued for the present).
A. AGASSIZ. The Acalephs of the East Coast of the United States.
re On Dactylometra quinquecirra Agass.
ae A Reconnoissance of the Bahamas and Elevated Reefs of Cuba, in the Steam
Yacht “Wild Duck.”
AGASSIZ and WHITMAN. Pelagic Fishes. Part II., with 14 Plates.
LOUIS CABOT. Immature State of the Odonata, Part LV.
E. L. MARK, Studies on Lepidosteus, continued.
ee On Arachnactis.
W. B. SCOTT and H. F. OSBORN. White River Fossils, continued,
M. E. WADSWORTH. Lithological Studies. Part II.
ALFRED G. MAYER. On some Medusz from the Bahamas,
J.D. WHITNEY. Origin and Mode of Occurrence of Iron and its Ores.
Ge Nomenclature and Classification of Ore Deposits.

Contributions from the ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY, in Charge of Professor E. L. Marx,
as follows: —

W. WHITNEY. The Histology of Thyone.

A. T. HOLBROOK. The Development of the Heart in Bony Fishes.

T. G. LEE. The Suprarenals in Amphibia.

Contributions from the GEOLOGICAL LABORATORY, in charge of Professor N.S. SHALER.

Contributions from the PETROGRAPHICAL LABORATORY, in charge of Professor J.
ELIoT WOLFT.

Reports on the Results of the Expedition of 1891 of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer
*‘ Albatross,”? Lieutenant Commander Z. L. TANNER, U.S, N., commanding, in Charge of
ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, as follows: —

A. AGASSIZ. The Pelagic Fauna.
A. AGASSIZ. The Echini.
J. E. BENEDICT. The Annelids.
R. BERGH. The Nudibranchs.
K. BRANDT. The Sagitte.
as The Thalassicolz.
C. CHUN. The Siphonophores.
3% F. CLARKE. The Hydroids.
W. H. DALL. The Mollusks.
C. B. DAVENPORT. The Bryozoa.
W. FAXON. The Crustacea.
S. GARMAN. The Fishes.
A. GOES. The Foraminifera.
C. HARTLAUB. The Comatule.
W. A. HERDMAN. The Ascidians.
W. E. HOYLE. ~ The Cephalopods.
G. YON KOCH. The Deep-Sea Corals.
R. VON LENDENFELD. The Phospho-
rescent Organs of Fishes.

H. LUDWIG. The Holothurians.

C. F. LUTKEN. The Ophiuridz.

O. MAAS. The Acalephs.

EK. L. MARK. The Actinarians.

F. MEINERT. The Isopods.

G. W. MULLER. The Ostracods.

JOHN MURRAY. The Bottom Specimens.

ROBERT RIDGWAY. The Alcoholic Birds.

P. SCHIEMENZ. Pteropods and Heteropods.

W. SCHIMKEWITSCH. The Pyecnogonide.

W. PERCY SLADEN. The Starfishes.

L. STEJNEGER. The Reptiles.

THEO. STUDER. The Alcyonarians.

M. P. A. TRAUTSTEDT. The Salpide and
Doliolidz.

EK. P. VAN DUZEE. The Halobatide.

H. B. WARD. The Sipunculids.

H. V. WILSON. The Sponges.

W. McM. WOODWORTH. The Planarians.

PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

AT HARVARD COLLEGE.

There have been published of the BULLETINS Vols. I. to XXIV.;
of the Memorrs, Vols. I. to XVI.

Vols. XVI. and XXV. of the BuLLETIN, and Vols. XI. and
XVII. of the Memorrs are now in course of publication.

A price list of the publications of the Museum will be sent on

application to the Director of the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy,
Cambridge, Mass.

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, Director.

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