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BUREAU OF FISHERIES

REPORT

OF THE

UNITED STATES
COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1917

WITH

APPENDIXES

HUGH M. SMITH

Commissioner

<7 ASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
; 1919

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CONTENTS.

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30,
1917. 104 p. (Document No. 845. Issued December 6, 1917.)

THE DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 1917. Appen-
dix I, 99 p. (Document No. 846. Issued February 1, 1918.)

ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917. By Ward T. Bower and Henry D.
Aller. Appendix II, 123 p. (Document No. 847. Issued December 28, 1918.)

MorTaLIty OF FISHES ON THE WEST COAST OF FioripA. By Harden F. Taylor. Ap-
pendix III, 24 p., 4 pl. (Document No. 848. Issued June 13, 1917.)

FIsH ISINGLASS AND GLUE. By George F. White. Appendix IV, 15 p.,2 pl. (Doc-
ument No. 852. Issued August 27, 1917.)

THE PIKES: THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, HABITS, CULTURE, AND COMMERCIAL
IMPORTANCE. By William Converse Kendall. Appendix V, 45 p., 6 fig.
(Document No. 853. Issued September 27, 1917.)

NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE MINNOWS GAMBUSIA AFFINIS AND CYPRINODON
VARIEGATUS. By Samuel F. Hildebrand. Appendix VI, 15 p., 4 fig. (Doc-
ument No. 857. Issued August 13, 1917.)

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REPORT OF THE
UNITED STATES COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED
JUNE 30, 1917

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CONTENTS.

(Generaladministrative considerations: as. secsc-2- 5-4-4: 8 AL Poe eee

Mie COMM ereial fISHEMICSS asia. cmciccrsraio Sere SONS She Sr ag Pe Teal
Outlineof activities: !. cess oe ree wa? DS, Nias eee
Shrimp industry of the South Atlantic and Gulf States....................
New England vessel fisheries. ..........--.-- ye a NA. tees
Fisheries of the Pacific Coast States Ue oie Cae St oe eke SE ee
Wesselitishertesiatiseatule nWash= ss ccc. 5 5em eee See oe ok ee eee
Preservation and utilization of fishery products. .

Curing alewives

in the Chesapeake Basin ......---.-...-.- P er aie legit, ©

Exploitation of neglected aquatic foods... ..-2--20--2. $232.40 ----- 22550.
Exploitation of Alaskan HaNery TESOUTCES: 2.30.52 AAMAS oe ao ane
Rien es PEONCAE LY Altceets Aa eo nei Sno aeebie Sid fm aiala ocho sees eae Sore = awe ace

Development of

agjuate sonnees of leathers. 3.25.22 2 os2 242230 see 2a

Propagation and distribution of food fishes.....-....-.-.--------+------------
SeerAN re View OF OPES ULOMA «Sait i sia te Se ae ie hae feed
1 LEH EN ayeNeTISPSh Cay ae Le Ca ge aa Ae ss PR ae ee Ut
Pasirioainon ur ane harcbery OULDU to... ss. ccces caches aceeen gta de ule!
Propagation of the Pacific salmons.................-

Propagation of c

ommercial fishes of the Great Lakes. . ie oa Cais) Geet aa

Propagation of migratory fishes of the Atlantic rivers........-......------
Operaionsio: tie interior StahOns. en. h2 <n lyse <= se esa
Eairaeaticmahunarinespectes...o2oo 5050s eee ELO Oe. OL a SES

Rescue of fishes

ELONMOVErhOWiedulaniG Gums -e pee et peeve eo ie). = te senna

Plants in connection with fish-cultural experimental work............--...
Acclimatization..... Risch Pa Cia vejaynimtate eas cine aya Be SSS Siae cfu ain van) ten
Renita GWe States. see se sate ose Sense a ek beck die obese on eee
ra aietisn Naicherics.Ur fee es ee oe
Artificial propagation of fresh-water mussels......-....-.------------+-+---++---
DULVveys, investigations, and experiments... 51-22 = Genie oo oie eect e eee
Bernetn AsPCCIA ORL WOEKate ga- arn cee oon Geen e ae Stee ect en oe
BmibiewOr WiArile TIRNES: Uc Sous cas Sonne? oe ie > te ace ec ee oes sees ae eee ye
Surveys of fishing grounds BES Recta ene ce ns. Senwiee a hur ge faeces

Oceanography. .

Pip ne COLD SINOU Dy 3. a o,a0id alayete ie ai ainteeisic Sa aie Se -awaee els vig od see
LOMO RITE PNICIOT AO os «xiao ss icwin aie wioe Mine Sie yee ieee ie wig sie Se
Progress in culture of diamond-back terrapin..............---------------

Studies of anadr

OMOUSHISMESL ofa eece es eer Ls eee Se eo Td eee ee

Investigations pertaining to fresh-water fishes......-..-------------------
Water-power development in relation to fish life..............-.2..2-.-.-
Service of the piolopical lap OfALOMES: 2 2-1 town cic eree is ee elo 2 oe ec
Miscellaneous investigations Cha Lisle We: BeGe eae eGR Sine, Spe a me Rania iii
PERN OnIES BORVICGS ha neter tian ooo ls each stage res cueeloas dele L
muportance of the; A laskafisheries.s..-..2-s605- 54+ a8 cee. ob vies Secies od a8
Soins gt Cnedisheny Mawar vcore arate 2/2 orgs aides maha 2 Seid ails mia rape aesave
Census of Wood River salmon. . ee ae Sea ee an eR A ee
A fishery intelligence service Did Te i Rk MTEL SO a ee
Commercial fishing within the Aleutian Islands Reservation. .............
PaEpoeiomon private hatcheres-¢-. ates. .lhi0e6 2 oie. t scales ste ss
PETITE EE T5 CONG: CEE OM coe eat SOR RU SP el MP reo
PA SL5 TU SSO) Ef) cf Sabre gee a Bede ee aN ir eo ene ena aa EES
OSSETIA SAS Ae Se a ee
meprepiiauons. tor eeal service: 2225. 22k Bs- tee aee ee ks sods cae Be
Wandsimcmrer tne Bealinordss ko egie seth ds eee ae eset. bas we abe

pean required bay SeQIsland NAV 68sin5 a0 oo. ccen ne esi wn sels sale doen cew a

Sale of sealskins

4 CONTENTS,

Alaska fur-seal service—Continued. Page.
Blue foxes and reindeer on the Pribilof Islands.......................-.- 96
Vesseltorthe ‘eribilot Islands. 3. 322. sos. oases eee eee a eee 97
Sealskins'taken by aboripines:...22 222222. 5 ee ee eee eee Se ee 97

Minor fur-bearing animals of Alaska.......-..-..------ LEE SA es See Ne cA 3s.) 98
Work of the wardens:.\..:5.4 9322.-2 258 Se ein ees alnerne te areata ote 98
emulation. «<0 succes ale 8 Gan cea ate oe See me 98
Furs'shipped from Alaska... .ct¢secesoeecen ca 2 =a pes ame ear 99
Fur farmingin Alaska... pu slas ee Sheers ee ee ee 99

Miscellameous matters3 bie. picieicje <i ocle=la<ie 1 te lalele Sera etl eesti ee eierats 100
Special constructions and improvements. .....-....--..:--+--.-----s22e8 100
Construction, repair, and movements of vessels.........-.-.-------s------ 101
Publications,. .7. 28 94 ues) 2, oi ee See ee ne Sena fee eee 102

Some needs ollthe fisheriesiservice-¢ 2-2-5 osc ee eee eee Hees cee sno 104

REPORT

OF THE

COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE,
BUREAU OF FISHERIES,
Washington, October 4, 1917.

Str: There is submitted herewith a report covering in outline the
operations and activities of the Bureau of Fisheries during the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1917.

GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE CONSIDERATIONS.

The past fiscal year may properly be regarded as the most im-
portant and successful in the recent history of the Bureau. The
service was better equipped than ever before in both material facili-
ties and personnel; it received liberal financial support from Congress
and generous criticism and appreciation from the public; it was
enabled to extend and expand its activities so as to serve in a most
acceptable manner a large usefulness to the fishing industry and the
country at large; it was privileged to make special adaptation of its
investigational and technical operations to meet the great national
emergency; and at the beginning of the current fiscal year its outlook
for continued and increased usefulness in all lines of activity was
most promising. fatytey

The Bureau’s administrative staff at headquarters at the beginning
of the fiscal year consisted of H. F. Moore, Deputy Commissioner ;
Irving H. Dunlap, assistant in charge of office; Henry O’Malley,
assistant in charge of fish culture; Robert E. Coker, assistant in
charge of inquiry respecting food fishes and the fishing grounds;
Alvin B. Alexander, assistant in charge of statistics and methods
of fisheries; and Ward T. Bower, chief agent of the Alaska service.
On October 31, 1916, the death of Mr. Alexander deprived the
Bureau of an able and loyal employee, who had been in the service
since 1887 and chief of division since 1903. He was succeeded by
Lewis Radcliffe, who has been in the Bureau since 1907, serving for
two years as director of the biological laboratory at Beaufort, N.C
and later as assistant in the division of scientific inquiry. ‘To each
of the foregoing and to the rank and file throughout the country
the Commissioner extends his appreciative thanks and commends
them to the Secretary for efficient and faithful service that has

made the year exceptionally fruitful. :

6 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

The appropriations for the Bureau of Fisheries for the fiscal year
1917 aggregated $1,144,850, as follows:

SRIBVIOSE eles ws tnic Sich 6.6 a sete = See cash oh ee ae rs cava ee $427, 350
Miscellaneous expenses:
A GINIMIBULAUIOIN. « a areiaca Sop ciate wits ete eee Cee eee ee 10, 000
Propagation of food fidhes:.... .2.<0:....<.e 5 Seek. 35 a ee renee 360, 000
Mamtenance of vesselaits 250.5 55 ee i See eee 80, 000
Inguiry respecting food fishest . a. 5.4 “DIR 29... os eet wae 42, 000
ptatistical inquiry. eres io. eee a een ane 7,500
Protecting sponrevsheneés.. sol. occ ers soe oe keh co eee 3, 000
Protecting seal and salmon fisheries of Alaska.................-...---+---- 75, 000
Investigating admacesrteiidies 4. 8 fae 2 te 25, 000
Completion of and improvements at stations:
Glowcesterh Mags - ose 24 be ABs ee tere en centre 2 rh ee 3, 000
Dulath: Ming S140 12 Sd P. Bore wose sees. eee ee 2, 000
Key West Blac. 22ie: 74 Jf caine no tes) ee 25, 000
Lobster-réariniy plants <5 c3e SOE Jet cee Saaek hoon cree ee eee ee 5, 000
‘Tro steel distributtom Garp. Woe ete eee ee ee ee 40, 000
ALwo Mmotorboate A ask arsprwi Cons: setae eee eer cs ry en er 10, 000
Buildings and improvements, Pribilof Islands, Alaska................----- 20, 000
Repaits; steamer Albatross (deficiency). -.......-----.-.---------2--+-e<06 10, 000

A detailed report of the expenditures under each of these appro-
priations will be submitted in accordance with law.

THE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES.
OUTLINE OF ACTIVITIES.

The activities of the Bureau in relation to the commercial fisheries,
over which it should be understood the Government exercises no
ee or supervision except in Alaska, have included the fol-
lowing subjects during the fiscal year 1917: Canvass of the entire
fishing industry of the Pacific States; canvass of the shrimp industry
of the South Atlantic and Gulf States; collection of detailed statistics
of the vessel fisheries centering at Boston and Gloucester, Mass.,
Portland, Me., and Seattle, Wash., and the publication of this in-
formation for the use of the trade in monthly and annual one-sheet
bulletins; practical studies of the methods of preparing fishery prod-
ucts for food, fertilizer, and other purposes; prosecution of an active
campaign for the more extensive production, distribution, and
utilization of fish for food, particularly certain species that have
heretofore entered into the food supply only to a limited extent;
demonstrations and investigations addressed to the proper and more
complete utilization of waste products of the fisheries; practical as-
sistance to the fishermen through demonstration of new or improved
methods of handling and preparing their catch; aid in establishing
and promoting a hydroid fishery in United States waters; investiga-
tions of new aquatic sources of leather, and conduct of active work
in the interests of fishermen and tanners looking to the use of skins
of various fishes and other water animals in manufacturing leather;
and the dissemination among fishermen and fish packers of a ver
large amount of descriptive matter on the preservation and utili-
zation of fishery products.

SHRIMP INDUSTRY OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC AND GULF STATES.

One of the most important fisheries of the South Atlantic and Gulf
States is that for shrimp. The Bureau has recently completed a
canvass of this industry for 1916, which reveals a surprising growth

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. Tf

as compared with previous canvasses. The aggregate catch in that
year was 43,942,105 pounds with a value of $758,620, an increase
of 136.7 per cent in quantity and 72.9 per cent in value over the last
canvass, that of the Bureau of the Census for 1908. Louisianastill re-
mains the center of the industry, over 41 per cent of the entire catch,
or 18,160,586 pounds, being accredited to it; Florida is second with
11,549,175 pounds; Mississippi third with 8,899,350 pounds; and
Georgia fourth with 4,261,480 pounds. The remaining States of
North Carolina, Texas, South Carolina, and Alabama ranking in the
order named, produced less than 2.5 per cent of the entire catch.

The number of persons engaged in the industry was 9,235, of whom
3,645 were fishermen, 89 on transporting vessels, and 5,501 in the
shore industries. The investment in boats, fishing apparatus, shore
and accessory property, and cash capital aggregated $2,484,625, and
the wages paid in the canning and drying industries amounted to
$246,775. The cost of cans, paper linings, labels, and cases for
canned shrimp was $331,162. The wholesale trade in raw, dry-
cooked, and pickled shrimp totaled 5,780,090 pounds, valued at
$430,123.

Three marine species of shrimp are taken for commercial purposes.
Of these the most important and abundant form is Penzus setiferus,
which occurs throughout the range of the fishery from Beaufort,
N. C., to Corpus Christi, Tex. The closely related species P. brasili-
ensis is much less abundant and may be distinguished from the other
by the character of the groove along each side of the rostrum which
extends nearly to the posterior margin of the carapace, while in
P. setiferus this groove extends less than halfway back. As the fish-
ermen do not recognize these differences, an estimate of the relative
importance of P. brasiliensis is difficult. The third species, Xipho-
peneus kroyerit, commonly known to the fishermen as ‘‘sea-bobs”’ or
‘“‘seven-beards,”’ is considerably smaller, differs in color and general
appearance, and has a rostrum as long as or longer than the carapace
instead of shorter, as in the species of Penzus. It is taken commer-
cially only on the Louisiana coast, where it is used solely for drying
when the larger species are unobtainable.

On the Atlantic coast the bulk of the shrimp are taken with otter
trawls and on the Gulf coast with haul seines, except in Texas where
cast nets are used almost exclusively. At Apalachicola, Fla., and
Biloxi, Miss., the otter trawl has recently been introduced and is
expected to play an increasingly important part in the shrimp fishery
of the Gulf coast. In the trawl fishery, motor boats with crews of
one to three men are employed. In the Mississippi haul-seine fishery,
sail schooners about 40 feet in length serve to carry the fishermen to
the fishing grounds, 25 to 80 miles distant, and the catch to the
factory. fin operating the seine a motor boat and a rowboat are used.
The seines range from 175 to 250 fathoms in length and 11 to 18 feet
in depth and are operated by crews of 6 men. In Louisiana, the
fishermen establish camps near the fishing grounds, the latter being
visited in open motor boats. The haul seines employed in this State
average about 300 fathoms in length. Gasoline luggers make fre-
quent trips to the fishing grounds to transport the catch to the can-
ning factories, most of which are located in New Orleans.

The irregularity of the movements of the shrimps makes it difficult ~
to define the seasons of abundance in the various waters. In general,

8 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

the season in North Carolina is August to November; in South
Carolina July to November; in Georgia and east Florida the year
round, with irregular slack periods; in west Florida October to July;
in Mississippi March, April, and July to December; in Louisiana
February to May and July to November; in Galveston Bay, Tex.,
March to November; and in Corpus Christi Bay, Tex., throughout
the year with longer or shorter periods of slackness. The intro-
duction of the otter trawl in Mississippi may lengthen the season in
that State.

In 1916, 448,443 cases of canned shrimp, with a value of $1,436,851
were produced. The principal canning center is Biloxi, Miss., at
which place not less than 13 plants are operated. New Orleans is
second in importance. Shrimp were also canned at Houma, La.;
Lakeshore, Bay St. Louis, Pass Christian, and Ocean Springs, Miss. ;
Apalachicola, Fernandina, and Nassauville, Fla.; Valona and Bruns-
wick, Ga.; and Southport, N. C.

The canning operations are quite simple. The meat is separated
by hand from the heads and shells) thoroughly washed in fresh water,
and cooked in wooden tanks for 5 to 10 minutes in boiling water to
which sufficient salt for seasoning has been added. The meat is then
spread on wire-meshed trays to cool and is then packed in the cans
by hand. The cans are of two sizes, holding about 4 and 8 ounces of
meat, respectively. For the dry pack, the cans are lined with parch-
ment paper cut to size by the dealer supplying it. The paper pre-
vents the discoloration which results when the meat is in direct con-
tact with the tin. In the wet pack most operators have abandoned
the use of the lining without unfavorable results. For this pack the
cans are filled with brine. After capping, the cans are processed in
steam-tight retorts at 240° F., the smaller cans for 8 to 10 minutes
and the larger cans for 12 to 14 minutes; the dry-pack cans for 60 to
70 minutes.

The drying of shrimp is an important industry in Louisiana, fully
half the catch being preserved in this manner. Most of the drying
is done along the shores of Barataria and Timbalier Bays. Without
removing heads or shells, the shrimp are boiled for about 30 minutes
in large kettles of water to which salt has been added in the propor-
tion of 10 to 20 quarts, depending on weather conditions, for each
900 pounds of shrimps. They are then spread on large wooden dry-
ing platforms at a depth not to exceed 2 to 3 inches and dried in the
sun, being turned over every 20 or 30 minutes. Under favorable
weather conditions, the drying is completed in 1 or 2 days. The
shrimp are then ae into circular piles and the meat threshed out
by workmen walking round and round over them. This primitive
method of freeing meat from heads and shells is termed ‘‘ dancing the
shrimp.” The meat is then separated from the shells by sifting and

acked in barrels for shipment. The product is sold for food in Cuba,
Oéutral and South America, and in a number of large cities in the
United States. The heads and shells which have been more or less
pulverized into a meal or bran by the dancing process are sacked and
sold for fertilizer. In 1916, this industry yielded 1,368,346 pounds
of dried shrimp, valued at $183,144 and 684 tons of fertilizer valued
at $12,067. Statistics of the industry in detail are given in the
following table:

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

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12 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
NEW ENGLAND VESSEL FISHERIES.

Statistics of the vessel fisheries centering at Boston and Gloucester,
Mass., and Portland, Me., have been collected during the year by the
local agents and published promptly in monthly bulletins showing,
by species and fishing grounds, the quantities and values of fishery
products landed by American fishing vessels at these ports. Two
annual bulletins also have been issued, one showing the catch by
months and the other by fishing grounds.

The fleet landing fishery products at these ports in 1916 included
512 sail, steam, and gasoline screw vessels. ‘These vessels landed at
Boston 3,089 trips, aggregating 98,331,038 pounds of fish, valued at
$3,702,365; at Gloucester 2,864 trips, aggregating 66,680,548 pounds,
valued at $2,159,894; and at Portland 2,992 trips, aggregating
20,812,839 pounds, valued at $521,647. The total for the three
pore amounted to 8,945 trips, aggregating 185,824,425 pounds of
resh and salted fish, having a value to the fishermen of $6,383,906.
No comparison with previous returns can be made for Portland, as
this is the first year the products landed at that port have been in-
cluded in these statistics. At Boston and Gloucester, as compared
with the previous year, there was a decrease of 1,291 trips and of
6,584,142 pounds in the quantity, but an increase of $1,124,342 in
the value of the fish landed. The catch of cod decreased 4,489,950
pounds, haddock 2,684,498 pounds, hake 4,258,410 pounds, cusk
1,085,389 pounds, halibut 947,234 pounds, and swordfish 483,345
pounds, but all of these species increased in value except hake, which
declined about 1 per cent. The mackerel catch increased 4,225,945
pounds, or 38.70 per cent in quantity, and $396,331, or 64.54 per cent
in value. There was also considerable increase in the quantity and
value of herring, pollock, and miscellaneous products. The catch
of Newfoundland tei decreased 26,715 pounds, or less than 1
per cent, in quantity, but increased $70,275, or 27.48 per cent, in
value. The catch of tilefish landed at Boston during the year
amounted to 873,142 pounds, having a value of $24,295.

The following tables present in detail, by fishing grounds and by
months, the products of the vessel fisheries of Boston and Gloucester,
Mass., and Portland, Me., for the calendar year 1916. The weights
of fresh and salted fish given in these statistics represent the fish as
landed from the vessels, and the values are those received by the
fishermen. The grades, or sizes, given for certain species are those
recognized in the trade.

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

“anyDA

*spunog

“Peles

crs ‘Z| 682 ‘LOT
goer SG |
€0F‘S | SPe ‘GFT
CLS ‘F | Fee ‘CST
cal GLL
006 Ste ‘ar
CLT 688 ‘8
ee Or ca
Ly | WIL
9690'S | &2L ‘ECT
9F6‘% | 961 ‘6LT
621 CTL ‘6
$68 °T_ | Zor OTT
L416 = |- 696 ‘SE
L2I$ | 6826
“an]DA “SPUNOT
“YSsol iT

116 ‘TL0‘T

‘anjng | ‘spunog

“petes

*(spunod $z 0} T) porog

*(spunod §z 19A0 pur QT Iepun) joyre yy

“POD

OUGHT SINGLE" OGG) Gina tes |e eee 9ZL 68] TIS “6F9‘L | 680‘
U6GO ALE GGT cave pacteal lesan ao GZE "FL | 0&2 ‘008 968
SAOG he BS RaEGOr = +s uenea|togdesseewo|aeaeee eelez events ceeel aye
09S TaG08ser— pti siens cata were an ge PLI‘T | 990‘8T 9
OLT 688 “9 Speehccane || Cs sao Gos TZT LLY g
Eel |) Cet wo[eceeeeee|eeeeeee eee e[erteenee|teeereceenel G
SSOUSCE I CRGRCCLALE tlh ase Laan es ee 998 ‘08 | P61 ‘22r‘T | 68F
i8— OPinGro— NSS aee sks ane ose SS OFT. 62'S i
GOB-0G. | S60 VRE, iii. steelers ccak 09¢ ‘ET | 908 "21% 86
CEG LTA ROL POSS a Lak | ea aan noone maaan L&P ‘Gh | 856 “FFD CoP
PATO ROG |PRSESSR Ss SOSREGS IY E81‘ | Z8o ‘FET its
OLS TL | SEF 886 “YT Spec cae ELL LT | ZOE 'S0E oes
988 ‘L | Lor ‘tr Per era (pcecsy ci 710% | S#6 ‘FE €8
GLP OD'OL~ ke algae oe #o8 Ger ‘OT IL
Gg (Ok I | Ricca |e v% | 009, I
GTOET, | OBDRON Ii same amie ¢ 29‘T | 69L‘OF 91
GOG SL 1/COGR OIG © 4|Peiee Saleen eee) LTO ‘FO1| 220‘F60'% | 68%
OPIASP) | 1698-0 et 4 | tae a Bae as ce OIL ‘09 | 12g ‘OFT | Fez
620°% | 092 ‘EL co pre ae ne ee esc‘t | ¢e6 ‘Or €
mesa eat s\gaqcores lepenger = cceli
SMAUlOL | @20%22F | TII TT S94 6T | 99F'20F et
PVSi 2.1 SeR se a eR eee. 1 er | eens 2
focal Rose ta § terd| Mina | RPS 5 © bd oc lla ee ek ib ny ae ¢
Seay a SS e aeR 2 S| gaia de eR ea od 000‘T | 000 ‘02 I
96S | OOSkEr — “Tl waaneaea tee cee: 3 G6e iT | OFS ‘88 G
BUR AIS SGRLELSO OI Ra tee vale ee 3 £62 ‘61 | $99 ‘L0P L
HOO: 7S21KOGG KOOL - 6|patinak oa ae OS ‘2$ | £27 ‘89 81
“ONDA “Spunod “anj]DA “SpUunog “ON]DA. “Spunod
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*sdiay
*(19A0 pue spunod (T) o31e'T JO I0q
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a IO a a eC qyQnog
ot dda St gt aig ea a II I “55-55. DUBISLIBES
pits inet gs iG Po Maio Be OOS a hie SOOO: Apuny jo Aeg

a See nee caine 7 2 ie) ea wmeyyey) FO
RP SrHe Sete. ci SRE ree 1 WUsrT pucywsty TO
Leta ee er Bee Se oe S[TBoys exon] USN

Se eget sone ae eo “**-jauueyO Gyno
BO Ey Pa EOS 3 ISIIIS IC -°--- eq Yorsdy

SAR aE CoRR tee Be ooo oc espeT Sxoiger
or 2 oe Rae ck Sea “"yueg e[PpPpuyl
sp Sale She aS aii ts eee cn ce ieee *-yueg semmeddry
petri trace ens OE SIO O --"yueg YIVelO
Peed = pp o> Bee OOS BAIT TENS Som “"*"sueg seysep
piri Sea NS OOS em et SCH yueg sos10ex)
pice isola ein SS Gl” sectarian eat “"*"suBeg SUMOIG.

“IPN4LHU0] 7SIN 99 JO ISAAL

Bele RS Se aaa nos “*"""""pue]punoJMON FO
RAE Ea EE pee ee ORIEN Eo yueg oosing

i aE perenne) pe Site CCAR Ore yueg weelh
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‘SGNNOUD ONIHSIY AM NMOHY ‘OIG, UVAX UVANATV,) AHL ONIUAG STASSHA DNIHSIT
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2

99805°—19

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

14

6&L‘8 | 621 ‘°86% | 8cO'e | 102 ‘6g
Seeders be, 11 018‘
MER rote

6¢ c96‘T | 02 ecg ‘T
saw onl ee eel ace 096...
413 | Shr'L__| e9% LT6 ‘FG
Bc iad | wc oe cs Ig 6S ‘OF
Sr pecal(, corsa hi O2T ,
96 | S@a'T | 68T OgS ‘ST
T8o°% | FOE'Z8 | 68 196 ‘OL
Lig. | 0696 L 016 6
968‘ | OFL‘TS | 92 60 ‘OT

218% | 991 ‘F6

cc Pega LOR. .| 01028
See lene pene ORO RE
£20'T | OOT(2h | 686 | O9L°STT
ZI 0099 | $83 | Sor ‘re
62S 06Z°T | 128 029 ‘%
‘aNjDA | “Sspunod | ‘anjpA | *spunog
“pores “YsoLT

*(spunod #z 0} T) porog

GIS CLI} TIL ‘E8z“% | BOT ‘SFI! 200‘0T9‘9 | 2¢8 ‘602! S69 ‘OFF ‘F | 008 ‘Ezz| 906 ‘E72 ‘2
ce. _|. 466 969. | e99foe 62. | 88. | e10‘z0 | zeo‘een‘t
eee ss |praaeaaais § 09% 028 ‘OT pe oF ene eae COL 090 ‘9T
G18 __| o98 ‘Ts LIT | OTP ‘6e ss | Sh6 ‘TT zoo | $08 ‘eT
spe |e: ane (CaP) 9 omen eee ee ec ae ca
CF6‘S | S68"OST | 9F'ET | 9F0%ZLE OPT ‘AT | 8F6'ZEE | G8O“CT | OTL ‘229
9ST cro O16 ‘ZI | $62 “c6¢ 080‘T | 009 ‘TZ 290 ‘Ei | SIF ‘ez¢
Reh al reece are bacon al a oer Sale Ks OLZEGTiark. (ESS | ta earns s
Tre —| 0808 SFE | OTF ‘eT zoc'T | G89'62 | 819. | 02812
BES | 08% ‘OT OTF | OLL ‘68% e2L'T | O81 98 PELs | Ges Fez
189 ‘F@ | 0&8 ‘Ese 2059 | 026 S0F% 9S0‘C% | OSS F6F | 666'8 | O8z ‘cece
Z8e‘T_ | Slr ‘08 LE0'S | 016 ‘08% COL'T | OFO'TS — | SIL'% | OF8 ‘CLT
80‘€% | €98'E09 | eF6‘S | 028°292 9u2 ‘Sh | 898 ‘2z0‘T | £90‘ST | OS0‘ez9
Arona Hepes ges ae roi eee GOP iG. | OND W Tikes leet eee eget
CFS ‘08 991 0c6‘E ae OL | O19°92@ | e89°E | OTS ‘FFT
G1¢ PSESe abla ok ees 00 00G 72.5. |p sen = sues se =
826 | OFa‘S ALE | 060‘ST cB. | OSL ‘SE | SOFT | 00z‘0S
TFS °8E | ZFL‘FS6 | 926‘S | FEO‘SOT GPS ‘E9 | 962 6LE‘T | FLL‘6 | Scg‘zoe
908 0cs ‘9 oy te 99 ie 99¢‘T | GEE ‘ze aly 028 ‘oT
ERE oe REO Se ORS ¥S OL 1; oe in| Re ean IO C86 ‘22
goog ‘cr | o96‘0ge | 9Sh‘99 | 216 ‘6F6'% | 926 ‘8 | OgO‘8zo | STB “LF | cg ‘C62 ‘T
SIZ‘T | 083 ‘so PPP ‘FS | I8P‘L60‘T | 060‘E | 064 ‘69 60°08 | 0S9 ‘88 ‘T
ehr$ | 068 ‘OT 069$ | OOL‘TE €g6$ | ose ‘0z cess | OTS ‘2a
‘anjoA | “spunog | ‘anjoA | “spunog | ‘anjpA | ‘spunog | ‘anjoA | *spunog
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$98 ‘Z Pema Sn 2S eee eee Re a a ee ys
COUMCNN Beret te Tees re orn e Sees Seems eens RIDES eBIOn
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Sie ee cawos | aoe a? sae deed ree “yueg suuy 4s
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FISHERIES.

COMMISSIONER OF

REPORT OF THE

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cual 002‘¢ | Z16‘e | szF‘cce | 824‘ 9¢¢ ‘er oF ‘or | ezg‘ooz‘T | e82‘% | es¢‘T¢ 69S"CE ISSZENOPRT > 266 Goes seen ee eee “<== 5781 0ih
I _..| $88 ____| $69° | 66r6zz ceo"ee | Zo8 ‘896 =| FET 88% £16 ‘G9 | 9L0'9ST‘T | 908% TSS TR TE tice ae: 2 eg (ECU oe IOUS
9% £68 ‘% $66, | $18 °29 : eco See ROOST: #Z ~"JeUURY,) ILO
996°T | 19z/9¢ Seeded eee cornered 8 CUS eesED Lar: (i elie ince ae 2 1 Sista let Sg Sa aspaT Skaiyer
929 FOZ ‘8% ray C86 ‘6T ee eset 2s oe game SOS ERS "777" yUBg seyse)
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8 OL ‘T pe COS CRE | BEE bo ir coe ‘G F “oo HUBY SUMOIG
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6ST 029 ‘9 cre | 0994 &% 88 if 7 "TTT TyuBg sieqeg “99
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SILERIES.

I!

nl

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF

16

BL ___|,008'99
PPS ‘ITE | 026 ‘66I ‘FT
2c ‘e | 9se‘28

Z16 Gg ‘gg

L 062

cso ‘Tr | #89 ‘STs ‘s
III SIF ‘9

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409 ‘OFT | S80 ‘6ST ‘2
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662 ‘02 | £68 ‘TT9
769‘ | O88 ‘SCT

8% Gee ‘T

6 086 ‘¢

Gel ‘Ze | 089 ‘282 ‘T
110 ‘2T$ |-998 ‘126

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BESS ATe “*| $e1 0s9‘S =| OSF O82 ‘3% Galachbass |e sae

re ae cae "| 928 Goz ‘eh | 219°S | F120 ‘COT

oe OE 5 | OO, 2 |e ST ROAR STR ele oa Soc eee ae aoe

aes BeeLes gec‘se | $96‘ZE | 22 ‘262
beat a eee eee 68 OF6 ‘T GIGS. eeneiene ~ (Passes | eeee a
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enc $91 08S ‘P er lee IOS O2F RSS 27 ol a ae
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

FEL O1S‘9 | 0% ‘E2T | F246 ‘TFS‘L | OI8‘S | 869 ‘ET | 990 ‘TOT | ATT “282‘¢ | 2 Osh ‘T | 968°28E | 262 ‘T9S ‘ST | 99%‘ | OTS ‘Z8T | 986 “6aF‘T | FOL ‘GOT ‘Ch |-~ [2309 pueIDH
SIT osr‘g | 99¢‘98 | SOT ‘ZOs‘T | 22 8cS PIP ‘TZ | 889‘seL | 8% OOT‘T | 8Lc‘TE | #18 ‘802 199‘S | OTS ‘FOL | 922 ‘SOT | 916 ‘TSE |---~-> ~~“ TeI0O,,
66 086 ‘2% | eee ‘ZTE ‘T | 22 82S rs ‘GI | OZ mw Or 00¢ 826‘E | 299 ‘O9T 89% 921 ‘G | 9g ‘2g T6T ‘9ST ‘I |°7 77> “Tesowes ‘oroyg
Canna -| ats eT ‘e), Sob oamce|SeoooIIo|| yp ERP 6S Fal IN titer dls 16% ‘S&F per Sai eee a cald $19 ‘100'Z | ~~~" JouuRYD YyNeg
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ORE LADS COE VATE rege Re > 8 ig ae oe eget > oo Seen | ae ae | $88 _,|.080 ‘29 “"*"yuRg Si0jeg 48
nie lar ile ero reece cena ieee cep Se hee
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

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21

THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

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22

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! “A 099 JO “W Spunory

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

co
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“-"*""! 60¢ OTS | LEO ‘98% Poa oar se re aeeaa eae GES FI8 ‘1S ose ‘I$ | 000 ‘0z $6¢ 8h | 160‘Z¢0‘T
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*(spunod $1 Jepun) [peug *(spunod £7 03 fT) tintpeyy *‘(spunod {z 100) o318'T
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29

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

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31

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

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32 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

The principal source of supply for the large quantities of fish landed
by American fishing vessels at Boston and Gloucester, Mass., and
Portland, Me., is the fishing grounds lying off the coast of the United
States. In the calendar year 1916, 72.10 per cent of the quantity and
72.96 per cent of the value of the catch landed by the American fishing
fleet at these three ports were taken from these grounds. Of the
remainder, 9.06 per cent of the quantity and 9.34 per cent of the value
were taken from fishing banks off the coast of Newfoundland, 18.80
per cent of the quantity and 17.61 per cent of the value from grounds
off the Canadian Provinces, and less than 1 per cent of both the
quantity and value from the coast of Labrador. Herring from New-
foundland constituted 6.06 per cent of the quantity and 5.10 per cent
of the value of the fishery products landed at these ports during the
year. The herring were taken on the treaty coasts of N ewfoundiawd
but cod and other species from that region were obtained chiefly from
fishing banks on the high seas. All fish caught by American fishing
vessels off the Canadian Provinces were from offshore fishing grounds.
eae catch for each of these regions is given in detail in the following
table:

QUANTITY AND VALUE OF FisH LANDED BY AMERICAN FIsHING VESSELS AT Boston
AND GLOUCESTER, Mass., AND PoRTLAND, Mgz., IN 1916, FROM GROUNDS OFF THE
Coast or THE UnriTEeD States, NEWFOUNDLAND, AND CANADIAN PROVINCES.

e

Species. United States. Newfoundland.¢ | Canadian Provinces. Total.
Cod: Pounds. Value. Pounds. | Value. | Pownds. Value. Pounds. Value.
Fresh......- 22, 358, 873 | $869,105 | 827,672 | $21,114 |12, 806, 544 | $328,350 | 35,993, 089 |$1, 218, 569
Bs Salted....... 603,249 | 29,724 | 3,021, 449 | 129,726 | 4,004,775 | 178,863) 7,629,473 | 338,313
addock:
Hresh..-.--- 49, 843, 838 |1, 488,572 | 105,265 | 1,504 |10, 422,393 | 267,306 | 60,371, 496 | 1,757,382
Nias aa ecioek 19, 829 668 110, 639 2, 534 53, 828 1,091 184, 296 4, 293
e:
Fresh....-.- 10,520,206 | 287,772] 265,974] 4,403 | 2,242,911 | 42,121 | 13,029,091 | 334, 296
= ppalted vey oe 5, 356 130 64,290 | 1,349 73, 562 1, 465 143, 208 2,944
ollock:
Fresh....... 15,125,113 | 374,361 5, 350 73.| 372,024 7,144 | 15,502,487 | 381,578
é al ua 57, 295 1,133 17, 840 388 26, 008 517 101, 143 2,038
usk:
Fresh ....... 4,428,815 | 92,539 51, 765 860 | 1,535,947 | 25,016 | 6,016,527} 118,415
a Salted eS ier 26, 349 378 7,545 175 17, 876 482 51, 770 1, 035
alibut:
POSH). <- eee 896,724 | 117,509 | 1,084,749 | 107,110 | 1,382,048 | 152,456 | 3,363,521 377,075 -
Salted....... 315 26 66,649 | 6,212 28, 280 2,272 95, 244 8,510
Mackerel:
Fresh....... 9577405800)'|!) “B7ONOTG | sw coacee ee seca ee 1,090,831 | 48,463 | 10,831,631 | 627,539
3 Salted.......] 4,433,718 | 377,848 |..-.2...---|.--.--... 641, 000 43,901 | 5,074,718 421,749
erring:
Fresh....... 7,360,705 | 66,641 | 4,049,011 | 142, 659 300 5 | 11,410,016 | 209,305
DalfOd.. cus Soccaecacaneltsessarens 122d LO. |p USO; G44 || Caiwce cesecclae nance 7, 223, 224 183, 344
Swordfish:
70 ag me kewee 1,647,908 | 217, 867 735 74 123, 669 20,338 | 1,772,312 238, 279
‘ilefis
Fresh....... S73)149) |. 247905 a. a eee ee bonce|>, (S73p149 24,295
Miscellaneous:
Fresh....... 6,042,215 | 130, 220 360 22| 115,422 4,703 | 6,157,997] 134,945
Salted....... 40 YI Pe oes CS Sra ee ene ep eS 40 2
Total..... 133, 984, 490 |4, 657, 866 |16, 902,517 | 601,547 34, 937, 418 |1, 124, 493 |185, 824, 425 | 6,383, 906

a Includes 13,210 pounds of salted cod, valued at $576, and 42,975 pounds of salted halibut, valued at
$4,449, from the Labrador coast.

Cod.—In 1916 there were 19 vessels employed in the salt bank
fishery and 96 in the market fishery landing their fares at Boston,
Gloucester, and Portland. Considerable quantities of cod were
brought in also by vessels operating on the shore grounds. The total

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. oo

quantity of cod landed was 43,622,562 pounds, valued at $1,556,882,
of which 35,993,089 pounds, valued at $1,218,569 were fresh, and
7,629,473 pounds, valued at $338,313, were salted.

Haddock.—The haddock is the most important of the fishes taken
in these fisheries. The quantity landed was 60,555,792 pounds,
valued at $1,761,675, nearly all in a fresh condition, only 184,296
pounds, valued at $4,293, being salted.

Hake.—The year’s yield of hake amounted to 13,172,299 pounds,
valued at $337,240. The entire catch was landed fresh with the
exception of 143,208 pounds, valued at $2,944, which were salted.

Pollock.—The pollock fishery was in a prosperous condition in 1916,
and the catch landed at Boston and Gloucester exceeded that of the
previous year by 791,577 pounds in quantity and $93,234 in value.
The total yield for Boston, Gloucester, and Portland was 15,603,630
pounds, valued at $383,616. This quantity was landed fresh except
101,143 pounds, valued at $2,038, which were salted.

Cusk.—The catch of cusk was 6,068,297 pounds, valued at $119,-
450, of which 51,770 pounds, valued at $1,035, were salted.

Halibut.—The halibut fishery on the Atlantic has varied but little
during the past few years. The-catch in 1916 was 3,458,765 pounds,
valued at $385,585, all of which was landed fresh except 95,244
pounds, valued at $8,510, salted. The quantity landed at Boston
and Gloucester declined from 3,870,685 pounds in 1915 to 2,923,451
pounds in 1916, but in the latter year there was an increase of $4,627
in the value.

Mackerel.—There is reason to believe that the abundance of mack-
erel is increasing, and there is no reason why the large catches of
former years may not be repeated. The yield of fresh mackerel by
the American fleet in 1916 was 102,420 barrels, compared with
71,564 barrels the previous year, an increase of 30,856 barrels. The
output of salted mackerel was 19,554 barrels, compared with 19,691
barrels the previous year, a decrease of 137 barrels. The quantity
landed at Boston, Gloucester, and Portland during the year was
15,906,349 pounds, valued at $1,049,288, of which 10,831,631 pounds,
valued at $627,539, were fresh, and 5,074,718 pounds, valued at
$421,749, were salted.

In 1917 up to June 30 the catch of fresh mackerel was 38,947 bar-
rels and of salted mackerel 7,131 barrels, as against 43,169 barrels
fresh and 4,468 barrels salted for the previous year to the same date.
The mackerel fishery in the spring of 1917 was interrupted owing to
a strike among the fishermen at the beginning of the season. ‘The
seining fleet was delayed in sailing, and the season was a failure so
far as the seiners were concerned. The gill netters had a very
successful season, and the fishermen made the largest shares for
‘many years. During the season of six weeks some of the fishermen
shared $1,000 each, and a considerable number shared $500 each.
The fleet numbered about 30 sail of seiners in the south and about
125 sail of netters, about the same number as in the previous season.
The fish taken were of mixed sizes, weighing from about 1? to 34
pounds each, and brought from 8 to 14 cents a pound, according to
market conditions. Up to the latter part of May the catch was only
about one-third that of the previous season. The first fare of
mackerel of the season of 1917, amounting to 5 barrels, was landed

34 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES,

April 25 at Atlantic City, N. J.; these fish weighed 1} pounds each
and sold in New York at 22 cents a pound. The Cape Shore fleet
numbered about 32 sail, or about 8 more than in the previous year.
These vessels were very successful, and more vessels than ever before
made second trips, and one vessel made three trips.

Swordfish.—The catch of swordfish landed at Boston, Gloucester,
and Portland amounted to 1,772,312 pounds, valued at $238,279.
The swordfish fleet was not so large as in the previous year, and the
receipts at Boston and Gloucester declined 483,345 pounds in quan-
tity but increased $14,743 in value.

FISHERIES OF THE PACIFIC COAST STATES.

The Bureau has completed a canvass of the commercial fisheries of
the Pacific Coast States for the calendar year 1915, and a bulletin
embodying the results of the canvass has been prepared for distribu-
tion to the trade. The statistical agents of the Bureau visited every
fishing community and obtained data by personal interviews with
fishermen and fish handlers and by personal examination of all
available records. The last general canvass of the fisheries of this
region was made by the Bureau in 1904.

The number of persons engaged in the fisheries of these States was
found to be 28,936; the investment in vessels, boats, fishing appa-
ratus, shore and accessory property, and cash capital amounted to
$24,025,172; and the products aggregated 286,204,558 pounds, with
a value to the fishermen of $9,300,672. Washington ranks first
among these States in the extent of its fisheries. In 1915, this State
had 14,609 persons employed, an investment of $14,133,908, and
products amounting to 158,983,478 pounds, valued at $5,317,080.
California ranked second with 8,457 persons employed, an invest-
ment of $5,827,113, and products of 92,513,457 pounds, valued at
$2,488,098. In Oregon the number of persons employed was 5,870,
the investment $4,064,151, and the products aggregated 34,707,623
pounds, valued at $1,495,494.

The pack of canned salmon in the three States aggregated 1,961,026
cases, valued at $9,298,566; the pack of canned tuna, all of which is
put up in California, aggregated 258,427 cases, valued at $1,517,858,
and other canned articles amounted in value to $858,907; a total
of $11,675,331.

The species taken in largest quantities were albacore- or tuna,
21,049,190 pounds, valued at $316,103; cod, 10,487,401 pounds,
valued at $343,338; halibut, 40,825,874 pounds, valued at $2,050,709;
and salmon, 131,128,934 pounds, valued at $4,089,865.

Compared with the returns for 1904, there has been a very large
increase in the fisheries of these States. ‘The number of persons em-
ployed has increased 9,278, or 47.19 per cent; the investment
$11,185,223, or 87.11 per cent; and the output 117,604,882 pounds,
or 69.75 per cent, in quantity, and $2,619,806, or 39.21 per cent, in
value. Statistics of the fisheries, including the quantity and value
of canned products, of the Pacific Coast States in 1915, and compara-
tive statistics of products for various years from 1888 to 1915, are
given in the following tables:

35

MISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

OM

OF THE C

REPORT

CUTSGZ OPCs Seer areas GUICICOSOpieey ees are TT PO0 Pe sa

ORO Mee T Wite yey ee BEC GEG, Wve nee ae ed CORStE. Ao en

Z10 ‘206 TCL. Siena oo DBSRtel SG 1 cpen beer vein ca STEN ESOC alias ee aa

EO dite renege cee eebadem => alee eceearen ipeinace sracaee

09F ‘ z =s0ee ee OOF 4 ee

G20 el linanae SS (tS Mel pes SSS SS ees 689 | Seances ele

GPL “2G 4020 ‘ST Ler 6 LOE ‘F 828 F 892 °¢

008 ‘S0T OC Ce te gee Cs ot || PES “===! 008 ‘20T 1%

IZ ‘% 0g 00F Ore ee eg apa nace seein

0¢3 ‘8 ieee: eS WOPSGT — a\seeae = ooo Cee eee

000 ‘% 02 000 ‘2 Wate. Aeneas: ee Pte ek

Gore rae 0F9 ‘TZ CCPC), Serie ecco a ae eee

Bete ager \ ee pee | hh CO ah) ee ees | Sepia reer

86T , SL, 1. 1 eas es ae pagel pee i areas

110 ‘2% 120 ‘8 Gge ‘ET 098 ‘*F 666 089

00 “6z G9 008 “66 CC ak (ila fan eae re aes ae FS aa

000 ‘6 WW 000 ‘6 Pie | (GSES Seer e sr eer OSes Roa

OOF ‘6S ; 0z8 00F “6S (VAS Regie | peice we | Cosas aka i eas

G08 ‘ZT ‘I 1g <a amma Cs ene toe Laas 002 '2% 68

G68 ‘608 ‘T | £98 “OT 9F8 ‘LIP SOI ‘F OFL ‘Zo 118‘

OST ‘ere £08 | GE0 ‘8% PST SCT ‘Ge a

960 ‘E22 , 280 ‘¢ Q1Z ‘SOT -| L8T‘T G08 “69 796 'T

ose ‘ose ‘% | Lue OI ‘ese ‘T | OgF ‘T SSP ‘Z8S 688 ‘T

eee hae ee per a ORT gah) —r-tecsres sss aipeees SGbteses 4

O9T ‘SFT 666 00¢ ‘¢ ll a arm | Drgrs aercreas | a a e eSg

Gz ‘98 ec SMI! — digo Sd OGSSTT:. “Aipsszassee osce

aig 1 eee patie a 1 Ac) Coe |e eae

B86 ‘68 88T 008 ‘99 8I PSI ‘F8 0g

106 ‘Fe9 pe "| T6L ‘eo akony PaAGSOSe 5 SO lenc tesa oe

onta 7. SMEDLEL ae AIRS ine tena poae lie A

$89 ‘TLS ‘es | 1S¢, se‘rses | 8h, os9 ‘ees | 9

Se ae 986 ‘8% Ged Reni i 2) “EASE EH UGG

*an] DA “LIQUTNAT *an] DA “LOQUTN, “anj]DA “LOQUINAT

[e101 “BTUIOJIBD “u03Z010

BOG BE Tes BT | cecsse accor anu coe ation eae geet ea DEP REO UOUE SEIS RSE 210 7
008 ‘9bS pier eeriae "7 PByaeo Ts!
602 ‘98¢ ‘2 ------Aq3edo1d Arosseo0e8 pus aJoyg
0S0 ‘% RT FT IC snyeredde Sure AA,
eel di aie a a | abate ae eens pou OSCR SUIS O REE APES er Oe ROG SO 4y4No suCTeqayY
Tis ‘F -- 990 ‘soxes ‘S309 ‘sosporq
2 + NGG pe + ~ Samet |e RA ae oie eee ea a oath aac sdei} puv sjog
(270) gt Uae | AR go | ala aa an tates oe OI SAC IOI ONO IO POR OS - >"S[90T A.
QT — ~~ 0 | TG we ere i NRE a oo oa a a "7" STAMBI} TIRE
OOO MRO se al | PRE eee ee eee ee oir esa er hea eis sles sinc coor ara soul’y
Se rg ak ed cl gD pla Pag gi cata abl gal PEE I IIE SOK 3 pressor ie’ 2s SID ee
Saisie chapel 14's oy alee SRS Lsa a | ac rsa a eH CITI NT Peg Nags eM Pg es peg OF IN oie einloie's COMO -"sjou OFA
Sth Bi oy ss - Snel RETR SRR aie St Ss ees RCS pee ee vorttsttsts so sjou yooy
FET JOP mee’ a] Re se sree Sisce rie Gane Orage ee See eee peser ae rep cosiisee cris Sh Our,
L6¥ ‘2 | PM eae Bee ee FO eee gg IOP AG SCE TYAS syou doo
fe ese | Fe I I I III III IFSC OOO SVU tea 7]
SSS CO CURA. GEIS IIR SIC COO SG 15 2a OCI OOF oR Eg En dS ORO RAIS IOS “77> "sou BI[OZUBIe
piclcialsoiein nial Sis cisiele sisi oirie|[eieinie stPleitinisicicisisisis\afelsicielaiS me Smile GiP\m «)* ice niele ri pia anise SO DOL Ea Rete
€0T ‘oor ‘ I PR EERE SESE SS Re Seno res eee ace oie ae wae gel woreereres = sjou punog
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OOF O!- ~4 |: QOD SE nn. = ETE ETERS EST SESE ie rae casa PESroS TS Rokdaricome
1s
see ceece eee 892 ‘2 SOOT SISO OR CUES TEIOCCGURGG On rE OOS CIO IO SSNS OOO SIGE |,
099 ‘ZFT OG a de. = 3 |(PE Sees Ae seC les ree ie es pmatae ss pbs eee meme ce “(400 put suo} ¢) SMoog
Gagigg ’. Hilec ss oyescSisitela's seisciss sin se rise a Sacre er Soar ee ee 493NO
apis SE: see one Pauses sy sS TSS Ss Sess ae see See ee ees eee eG a erenae
RFS ‘689 OPlevss >. - «SP Seer ress Petes Sse See SSS r sss Pet See ee ee “3ur}1odsued} S[esse A,
S28 ‘S29 SO sheen eee ae CMe ee te alsa Se ~""997NO
a --1 e9e TT oorsec°* -Q3RUIO.L,
099 “F6I “8 GLB nas pons + [eep a reete ec eeeer Tore IEP ESE aE ERAS Reena enaee "77" BUTS STOSse A
SSE SERS S 609 ‘FT -***"pesesue suosieg
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‘CODVONT LNAWdINDA ANV ‘STUSSAA ‘SNOSUA

‘CIGL NI SHLVLG ISVOD OlMIOVg 4

HL AO SAIYaHSIY AHL JO SOMLSILVLG

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

36

280 % ose “6I 780% O08 6 See eee a aaa ae Sie mrt ipiae binveeh Dibebhttal (ik. SSeS oes Obs tate oe ee a OEE ee ep eee ouedul0g

GF 588 ‘CT OF $88 ‘oT ae ak Sie! CesmatgadigL fal ee a ie pe sssens sre scr arsms an Sonsces tan Sap tse =8r er *2ee eo aa -ojuemIBINeg ‘OXI
016 ‘9 COF ‘Eb% 290 ‘9 ORL ‘9T% a £64 (7A 4 et Sl Ses Fee aes 88S AS ae wre a eS ere qo10g
00¢ 000 (& 008 000 (¢ Pci pbk MARR ABA rai (aR MRR tees: Ss = Tas Aaa SO
69 , OS ‘9 692, OF ‘9 pares
899 “9 668 “E92 899 ‘9 A emi ede cel lg aac | ake take yf ie a hl | mag SS einfeinesc SS Aeon amie ein Siete a eee *-Ysolq
s[O1OOV IL
CLT 00s ‘e GLI ponte. —afrrtchécteess|fores essere Ftest ade sB alee sna e nS STIRS ROS SOS See a ane ia aes “*""peiesg
68 ‘LT OFS ‘OZF ‘T 289 ‘$1 098 ‘OLS PSE 048 ‘ZT 218% OTR, erie eS ae ae ae nn gee ieee ane ale S Geel
. 3,, poosUrT
298 (AT £00 {9¢9 298 (LT £00 f9¢9 rapsesece snap: Sideyin cons 7 (SNS SaS oe eagg eo ces [cass ees Soest eee 2 ysysury
se 000 ser 020 (8 000 ‘81 reine Balser net th econo ER SEs TSR ORNS ee ee ee
cg ‘T 19F ‘OTL 668 ‘T T9F ‘OTT YSelq
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zeo'e Seb ‘eL | 229 ‘8 cP ‘EL pas oRnccinwin|noeeayran Ginna [F Un ABs <A eae Sa 920 AAG ec ee --peeypreyy
CE TN S| Ss ees OF ea ee O&F 6 69T “SEZ ez ‘tao | GOL “OGa OR [Pee ae ea en qnqyen
Mig = (MBM, | ORs [ONES fer ceceicbente srs fnetce cea ace ccc ete a
OE OB oats | DUNE 5. fi seeeeeme coe [naact ie so3- =n) b sass chine ona [eemnpe -n2snac|ansconannshanravqsan=sa see nmnenae a aves ae
Oye H
696 ‘ST ri ‘9602 ae POS a : : Mpa | Sete ee ode | | Pes RE 696 ‘ST O66 REO, © [ReemNese eects setae cis eas Sak es aia ye rear a ysyAeiy)
CLP 6 7 it nn (geen abcess ae aided (Aap sateen ci [rs 5a ann BER CG Sree oy? 6 ee ye oe ee in pees
LT6 “602 £9c ‘686‘9 | 162602 | €90‘F16°9 | OF 996 ‘I 989 | gt il | aR AR Ree Eee Ses cece pW qsely
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*‘ponurjuoO—CI6I NI SHLVLY LSVOD OMIOVG FHL AO SAIMAHSIY AHL FO SOMSILVLS

37

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

00F %
OFS “BFS ‘S
ggg ‘Zoe
629 ‘CT
00F ,

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16,
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“WOM IOYsy VIMIOFTIVO A IOATY VIGUIN[OD UT UeYBy, g

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tsseq Yooy

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

38

ZL9 ‘008 ‘6 | see ‘h0Z‘98e | 860 ‘sah ‘% | Lob ‘e1S ‘26 | FOF ‘gap 5T- | RO EAOL SPB: || O8OELTR TO | GLERRB BOT Ene ern eee ee cn soespeeecapea ae SI6L
000 ‘68 ‘9 | 000f0ST “92T | 000%026'T | 000%2Lb'2F | 000'98E,T | 000 LIZ se | 000 ETS PRS MGMO OdRLOUE ("7 "<2 STO ree ee 8061
998 ‘089'9 | 929669 ‘S91 | TFL ‘€zo'% | Po9‘6OT zo | G6OSST "TE | GE SES Ae | SEI ZLB Z | O6L P96 i: ee AOR LN fa! ee EMR ALI FO6L
ILI ‘9TS‘9 | OTS‘LEE ‘EIS | E8E ‘89'S | 680'G9h FL | O88 CIS, TO2"GrG "60 ~1/"S0errs8"e, tan no TGIe |" * eee ee eee ee 6681
296 ‘69h ‘6 | GLI TES ‘LPL | ESF ‘98L‘T | OZ0fOTO {0G | 980 ZSV"T | GEO THI 8 | SEF st0PT ||, Meg aneO.6g: ')" 277257 ° 22 ee ee C68T
$96 928‘ | BCR “OTT “ESE | 166 ‘220°E | GOP ‘SER "ZG | GO 218, | GOL Tes 86 | 899 186 ZRC en 0B) ent ee ae ee eee Z68I
TOT CRG CE | ZAR CRRA NISBESTGO TSS ceeelerce |eSRSKOLOSTSNQOcKGOT Gs P| CORRORSS! sIZACROOhRGG p09 9 00 si 0ece 0) | cercms semen s 0000s sts rape es oh
*anjDA *spunod “anyDA *“spunog ‘anjvA “spunog ‘anjDA *spunod
7 QaldIOAdS SUVAA NI SLONGOUd GALIVS CNV HSAuUd AO ATIUIA TAILVUVAINOO
2190086 | sce ‘Foz ‘ose | s60‘ssr‘c | zcr‘eTS‘c6 | FOF “CORT &@p 108 $S— | O805LTS{G 1] GaP feRbSQGT | |=2 > 2272s esses sesesesssecsscs aos scSsss sees ee eRea erases aasaay ON A
Sze 664 £9 SCE sd RGR ag PRR | sede alae ctaas | ama nmatn ate ainchee in Re oe SpeoMeas 1910
169 ‘% 000 ‘Oct *¢ 008 §% QUOSGOOSG ==. disse Ste" S84 eee at rg 161 QOOfOGP- .- --.Jrvttteerteetstt cots sttet eth testi esses ssa essa SSS aes se ee doy
Oal F G18 ‘6 Ol ‘F gee "rans i seeaecievescicss sss 4|t syesns 1 a9s aa as ws oS Seca Dace OSs esas eign tee ie eee en ea ** TOIT BAG
068 “FZ 000 £26 b(n | pisos a ai | ieee oe eta |e ree foe CO a PSS 068 FZ QOOIZOSET: WT VTeP SSeS gees ase eee eee ee ee sjyonpoid oyey a 18q30
006 Sl lm AAR oll | RR |g aOR 002 ‘F QOOED. . «NST AS LUST reese ag sas sses pease tees teste seassese ssa ysaseeaes --omOqeTey MA
ie ZI as Geo ty Sipe l= wes.) er) eS ee a a TS8 ‘ZIT G2 “G89 ‘% a eS nk np aS ET ** "710 OTR MA
apace Daria | ee ieee Vin 20. ee | [fa [seen RN ea NSP Pe So) so SRS eee ence se sees TITTLE
696 FG OCF 189 ose‘ 000 (862 aa atin tee era Po eed ase | EE i a Rana air IES rot RT dugg
6IT ‘OT G6E °268 6IT ‘OST 268 ‘268 ; i), abies |= re i RO cc ina aaeiiaiemets ae ane for ee St, RG Sa sieysqoy Aurdg
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STL ‘961 2€8 “£96 °€ Pek ‘821 OT FIP TT GGL ‘ST GLZ ‘SIF 928 ‘FG Py a 5) il a a laine Panesaere sqBig
196 <8 SUE 698E “9 929 ‘8 GER SETe "OG; [Sata ae ee a GZE 000 OT <- 6 > Josessevsdessttsssssas sea aaiemsnissstisssssscaisssdsss aan eae mbg
LIL 608 °2E 112% (0 i | ei sosigecs ea ssc Sse nsteen SSCS Sas 251 sages sens | ae aa enna a aaa ae ye ea a tae ae ee ee ee ar ae sndoj09
619 ‘8 808 “FZ Sipe jenn} SO SIERAS SSNS SSA TRAS says 619 ‘84 BOSSE > «~~: <A SES esses sisecisg sean, sna sisi ASS agS pseg
98S ‘19% 918 ‘O9F ers ‘9 Ger ‘8 Gol LF¢‘T 86 ‘09% POS SOGp ~~ ~~ (| a ae Segunda adsl naan te seein ra ag JOM Ie
—daTIeN
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iS1I94SAQO
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9FE 129 086 ‘6rF 6 epacoadae| a2. para 006 ‘OT 002 ‘22 OFF “9G OG Oi pgs [PS RE OR IS Re te eee ee IOZBY
863 ‘TZ 028 £06 LOT ‘8ST o9T ‘29 TRO ‘e$ 09F ‘2% OST 0G The = «i [ Serene sna ance nA ee ene yog
FLL “62S 009 ‘TFS eso ‘LIS O68 {cop It SS Rea oer Sales pein eo 61 ‘ZI$ PRU rere a ee SE ee a ee * prey
*INj]DA “LIQUITAT "anjyDA *LIQUITLAT "InNjyDA “LIQUUTNLAT an] DA. AIQUUNAT SUIPID
*1810.L *BIUIOJITVO “m0Z010 “mOJSUTYSe AA

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*ponulju0j)—CT6é. NI SHLVIG LSVOD OMIOVG AHL JO SUINAHSTY AHL JO SOIMLSILVLG

39

OF FISHERIES.

ER

REPORT OF THE COMMISSION

"s6c‘c9z$ 1B ponyea ‘sjessnul pus ‘YspyIOI ‘sqeio ‘ouoleqe ‘sourpes soseo OLT ‘EF Pu ‘zZ9E‘O8s 92 PonyeA ‘sosvo ggc‘9 ‘oor peYs ‘e7¢"6z% 4B panyea ‘sesvo 9066 ‘Pes sepnyouy 6

“BUIUUBD O1OJOq POYOUIS seseo 9eg sepnyouy £
*ZUTUUBO O1OJEq PeYOUIS sesBa EGc sopnyouy a

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*‘snsuoy oY} Jo nveing oy} Aq poysi[qnd Byep WoOI] oI’ 9[qB} SIG} UL SGT OJ SOTIST}RYS OUT, 9

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Geo *oL8 GEO 600 — *S)"008 27a WN Lee iGO = Se tOOTE aml SiG emee eee clu a > Sue l SOSWO? yor a geo Deen oan aone paige Sec arias +++ -snoouey]TOosIyy
LTE (961 £06 ‘82 GOT ‘6F PARR) noi eda el iota i IRGC P A SEG paxooo jou ‘s1a3shQ
LOPS bP6'P Pr6 'P SESUOPIGS pg mee) Sha aaa eee eee aa ~ poyood JON
098 T S67 012 pis :(°.9) Dai aia pete ime ta wR Te eis Sper EA RS srere---99rml WeID
990 F Gog 'L cog 2 “"suo][es” ~~” “*777"""Dax000 JON
a ve oe a LES "6h se vel, sie ea ae Be ac RR Rape cere sure[O
; oes coy eet OOP A tery GO LE | es Te eB bye ee cee ae ieee oiael Neamraay °)) ume ts ein Sah tee cairn marae el Baten A a RS SAA ee [Te MOTO A.
O9F ‘221 £50 ‘66 022 ‘OT aanOD "or 77>" pReyyeayg
886 ‘TTS ‘T | T6P (89% S00 {G00 ( |* "2 ODESses oe eran cia i ih oy in gr “TOATIS
G9¢ "CLL 'T | 828/069 2 egos ee ee OG GLL || SLE ORGY yoeq dun yy
6GL ‘ESET | LET ‘TOP 869 'F0T | 822 ‘OF TOONGTS “GOP OCR? Grae 3-0 Doe cuca tum ceri aire gc Sen a ea mat ititie)
GBT foc, “e | £82066 PLS ‘OFT | SOL ‘26S 022 ‘00F ‘T | FOF ‘8LTa ***yoourg9
608 ‘156 0&2 “96 S16 ‘F2S OLS ‘F $68 ‘ZE6$ | O61 ‘16 “-yoeqen[ gd
; suOMleg
gsc for Tegig Og Ie al TGR ee ee ae PP ec ccc ck pee le OD ee eh ie ee rede one eee Saaee EO TUO gd
898 ‘LTS “TS | Lop ‘Boz 898 ‘LIS TS | Leb ‘89z *(Buny) e1008q TY
“INjDA “LIQUUTNAT “aN]DA “LIQUNAT “anyDA “LIQUNRAT “INjDA “LIQUUTNAT
PSLONGOUd CANNVO
198 ‘CIT OG€ ‘TSE ec Neon megan Oe man BARR IPO, a eg Tier nd a cae 1s8 ‘ZIT | ose ‘Tse *PSUONUA 3 Set > “777170 eeu.
60 ‘% 766 ‘I 928 % $26 ‘T ae ess aglly ey ae See aes €8 OL °° OPIS Re as DE ae SEE SE ee spassnyy
619 ‘8 PFS 'S ON ee Ge GP eer Re eee al ee beh ig mee IS PS 'e Ra OD" Spa eso 8 Be Ss a ae ee “poag
989 LEZ 892 ‘¢9 gig ‘9 802 ‘T ZL, Tee 862 ‘OS GbE F9 Po "SOPi ier os a 4 1 ay ieee ee ana Raa ~**-goyse yy é
—OATJUN
109 ‘coe T#S ‘T6 $29 ‘GOT 289 *EG SOR ity eS oa ca ee ee Se ASCOLOFD 698 ‘18 PESSO Dire cor 75 2 a Berea ey rakes cae woreesso go IBUL ax
2S
sete lees —uorst. onto |sroes | ree en sat
«Fede CUES ekin Riss wed wiew lee Seas ee eee se etegy
PLL ‘62S 002 “08 eso‘LTS =| G84 ‘8 er ge aoe ee POLE OLS ee BORG somaeras 1 |
‘anyvA “hyyuone ‘anna “fhqyUong “anyDA “hiyuone “anjDA “hyUong HS) 4:) (@)

‘SNOTIVD CNV STUHSNA NI “110 IVHM ANV SHSNTION

40 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

VESSEL FISHERIES AT SEATTLE, WASH.

Statistics of the vessel fisheries at Seattle, Wash., have been col-
lected by the local agent and Ore rs as monthly and annual bul-
letins giving the quantity and value of fishery products landed by
American fishing vessels at that port.

In 1916 there were landed at Seattle by American fishing vessels
517 trips aggregating 17,411,435 pounds of fish, having a value to
the fishermen of $1,361,233. These fish were taken from the fishing
grounds along the coast from off the Columbia River northward to
Portlock Bank, Alaska. The products included 15,317,992 pounds of
halibut, valued at $1,306,645; 2,039,200 pounds of sablefish, or black
cod, valued at $53,438; and 54,243 pounds of other species, valued
at $1,150.

The fishery products taken in Puget Sound and landed at Seattle
by collecting vessels amounted to 10,137,387 pounds, valued at
$471,259. These products included 8,141,682 pounds of salmon,
valued at $427,812; 1,425,989 pounds of herring, valued at $9,028;
149,214 pounds of steelhead, valued at $12,405; 61,957 pounds of
salmon trout, valued at $5,201; 41,274 pounds of smelt, valued at
$2,130; 59,487 pounds of flounders, valued at $1,025; 47,071 pounds
of sole, valued at $1,164; 127,388 pounds of crabs, valued at $8,890;
and a number of other species in smaller quantities. The quantity
and value of fishery products landed at Seattle by fishing and collect-
ing vessels in 1916 are given in detail in the following tables:

41

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

eez ‘Toe ‘T | cep ‘tty ‘2t | 699 | s6e‘8e «| 8h =| TOR GS | SEF ‘es | 0OZ"680% | Z F8E GPO ‘908‘T | E6“LTE“GT | LTS [on Re WY gies fh re “TROL
CRS ag aE PA a BIR ci | hs See ms ee GOK i) SUG NO al beeen ine oe at L18 49 OU0 29, on | Fh icles sae a oe Teno pa "777 doqureeq,
Fah SPT Lak Oe seer: Ace goed toe SOE ST ET FOO 00 al geen ee TOT ‘FL 7 joa Pg 1 as ee gee ge ier NTS JoquoAON
200 Lil 2S BYB SUS Ger cone eealeg acto a| a ees luge fag as G80 201000 Obes lence. 5 |g cae GUS BEL 7°! | SPALL Leal na eisai ae eee nen eae eee ee 1940100
968902 | SLL IGBL'S. [=m n|nn ee ereney g G08 S76 OF OPE cop agree ie eee GPT LSE 1 OBE CET gen (h0! Abed lea eer bar cae nar eee ee qoqureydag
TOE ‘60T | 616 ‘90ST | 98 ogrit =| ST 029 , 28L‘B | OOT ‘601 vee 609 001 | GAS "SOE TIP bp ene oe Dae ones “"qsngny
O2z‘erI | Ise‘ez6‘T | 402 | 99916 | STE |; SP49 | VEO | O16 GIL = frrTr TTT P08 ‘SFT =| BSE “282 'T | 6G hopes aden eed ea tea de rach “777A
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MER TCR om OCUL Gly salon: 3 onal eel aes aes MLS | S968 | Slee ee GLO"6aL- °-| SOT POO) GH GSr> PRESS abet Saree aye ee ee a!
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WiEwiGes VE AGS 15. \"o- 7 acl cy: Pomel emaliee ical ee amie ruen 1$ 09 906 ‘8 G0G/ CTS. 5) 10! ead auee ca rece Ss pantie hoe Tee ee ines yore
PD RV ow AP EOL CGH coal prelie t aadle ame glee 2a Ohi eatoe. Glee ol ae Bee |p 4a 699 ‘25 T6001; 162" eee ores spits Bcead eae akc “Aren.IqeT
60F ‘89S | S90THS =f eile esl erat ee oges | 000‘8T = |-7""** Za ae 6F0 ‘898 | Sc0 86 | 8 kt gk th pases Soa ae ~-- Arenuee
‘SHLNOW Ad
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PLO‘SLT | 6G ‘2906'S | T TéT SAT 006 ‘8 poo‘T | $88 °TL 9 VEE ad am Soo, ls le ee Spe rep era ste oye: ued Yoorj10g
A <n oe rr “eral 2 Seale es at Saeallitcoek S| ae poe ee aa Re Pea obit 1S “spunoi3 pues] UOe[PPUT
806‘0T | 420 ‘98T Diaries Ts OD lg) eee (Rg se Trrrtstrr ts **Spunord eseyexe A
eeu ae a ip Caer ER Fle ater tenon rete (eat ee bs
cS are | eee ee Sage “*""Spunols Ioq VOMIT HT
096‘ 10/0) ere eins kee oda a dae hake av ea wy, i epetc 000 ‘01 T oa fears, oe: re Shae “roouedg adv)
sel w ou AST Te ‘21 629 ‘GOT ieee is Cree ee seine “777 AouvururO ade
OO ete ee ee ie ee Oats aia ssa at B eller cs £00 ‘Fes =| OT SPAS ee ee "rTrTt Tt TT PURIST Wore UOI0D
066 {¢ cers | Le 15 ame eee al bale ne ae ZBE_, | 982 ‘ST ¥08 ‘19 6. —— | ee ee * PURIST 19489110 F
BO 96 a pene ee ec ajdene pijaceree 4) ‘@ | O&F ‘OFT S10 210 Ch .| 0 ae | = ek ee WEIS 00H
ROnuereings Stl Bre 2 Stas ed ee eee |e et at OO Et 000 $9 000 ‘FZF i“ ~ puvysy JoANooUBA ‘4SBOd ISAM
962 ‘59% | 908 ‘6998 | GES | EFS ‘FT_ | 69 Scr ‘e | 086 ‘22 | LTT ‘g28 829 ‘ELL S| FS Atak syueg 4103987
189 ‘89 G96 "V0" [7777 pe) sels tes Osa Beth ites "°°"! P88 ‘CT | oG6“Zpg = [nto Sei Seca ariel 000 ‘22> 61 spunois Joqiey skeiy)
864 ‘06S | ZOP‘FOTE [--" "|" Carne Al bs. ec *e | S20 "FS. | SGe PAE ie gco‘oss = | 269986 | 8S "rere eee *sspumlors JOATY BIQ UNIO)
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LIL'SLT | 198 P12 | 88P, 0099 190 1% OSt ‘FE 8h 1 ZIS‘Ts — | OZ0'0E =| OL8 ‘Ser OSI ‘Sh «| SPL ‘eGL nett tit tri r tit satds 10 sapy
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weer

*1BIO.L, “19qum1000 7 *I9QUIIAON *19q0}00 “roquieydag “qsn3ny “sotoodg

oct ‘ze | Tes ‘sez | 220‘ZS | 6L6‘TTZ | 928 ‘F% | ETO “L9L

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Sees So eos aad
MEL TIA DASAMSA SRS OSE ASE SE SSR SOO ET

cee acicemeee jan a ania ne = sais nie rin rots
eh leteta hs thlaityt a a pthacerig Ay ye LEDER ID,

epz‘T | 110 ‘FT pice ee ATs) ee aR RE eke CELT SEL

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19P 19‘L | OTF‘T | 869°LT | 084% | €20'FE

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‘ano, | spunog | ‘anjo, | ‘spunog | ‘ano, | ‘spunog | ‘anja | spunod | ‘ano | ‘spunog | anjoA | spunod | ‘anna | “spunod

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

“Aqne ‘oun “ARI qudy ‘OIC, “Aren1qa 7 “Arenue se ‘soroedg

2

H ‘OIG. DNIUAG STSSSHA DNMLOTTION Ad “HSVA\\ ‘ATLVAG LY GHGNW] GNV GNNOg I#—ng NI NauV], ‘SHINO Ad “SLOAdOUd AUAHSTT

43 ©

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

“‘UOZ0P 626'¢ v

692 ‘TLb | Z8e‘LeT ‘oT | ose‘og | soz ‘og¢ 802 ‘EF TIS ‘826 T89‘eIt | 90z‘G66‘2 | soe ‘sR, G99 ‘6zt‘T | 98s ‘T9 LOLS GET Ti [Rae see 5 oe ae Se ee Se” ST CIO

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068 8 a ea RY ee |Meat aes ee Ree eS lea haat OE ce nein ca ee ke ae a ek eas sqeip
PEF eee ai ee le PIT A Yi oom OP IE Tg SR NE Cee ee ysy 19410
p91 T 90T 08¢ ‘¢ LT OFS 2 Sy |B AS oe ee 9[0g
£20 ‘T £8 OST ‘F 08 O80! Sins tame |S ees re Se a ae ee *s1opunoy
pL eee ewww wel eee ele eel es “"poomoy,

essen Ce soirssinse eely cio wisisie nae (HOO Oul Cd) ysyeorqeg

44 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
PRESERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF FISHERY PRODUCTS.

One of the most important services the Bureau can render is to
send trained experts to the fishing centers to instruct those desirous
of preserving fish by methods new to them, to ascertain by ex-
periment the adaptability of various fishery products to untried
methods of preservation of these products, to increase the utiliza-
tion of waste fish and fish waste, to encourage the adoption of methods
which will improve the character of the pack and discourage the use
of methods which produce an_ unsatisfactory pack, to study and
attempt to solve obstructive difficulties with which the fishermen are
contending, to furnish advice relative to equipment needed and
information as to where it may be obtained; in fact, to serve as
efficiency experts to the fishery interests.

Although handicapped by lack of adequate provision for work of
this character and inability to employ men with the desired basic
training because of lack of funds, it has rendered important service
to cannery men and others connected with the fisheries in the Middle
Atlantic and New England States. There is a pressing demand for
work of similar character in the South Atlantic and Gulf States, in
the Pacific Coast States, and in the Great Lakes and Mississippi
Valley region.

The diversion of some of the menhaden vessels to Government
use, thereby diminishing the size of the fleet engaged in catching
menhaden for fertilizer; the diversion of large amounts of tankage
from the packing houses for hog feed, thereby reducing the sources
of supply of ammoniates; the general scarcity of fertilizmg materials;
and the costliness of feed for poultry and stock, afford a very unusual
opportunity for increasing the utilization of fish offal imto oil,
fertilizer, and fish meal. The amount of unutilized offal is very great.
The Bureau has urged the fishermen to install conversion machinery
and use this waste, in order to alleviate the shortages of oil, scrap,
and meal, and has furnished information relative to machinery
needed, etc.

Experiments have been made in the preservation of drum, sea
robin, sharks, whiting, menhaden, river herring, bowfin, the milt roe
of fishes, and various other neglected or little utilized products by
untried methods of preservation, to ascertain the methods best
adapted to the preservation of those products for market.

The methods of smoking and cooking smoked fresh-water fishes of
various species have been described in circulars prepared and pub-
lished for wide distribution. Active campaigns of demonstration and
instruction were begun before the close of the fiscal year, with the
promise of immediate practical results in the increased utilization
of the “coarse”’ fishes.

CURING ALEWIVES IN THE CHESAPEAKE BASIN.

Coincident with the decreased run of alewives, or river herring, in
Chesapeake Bay and tributaries, the value of the fish has increased
markedly. The methods of preserving the catch are, however, very
wasteful. This is due in part to uneconomical methods of cutting
the fish, to the custom of selling the fish by count instead of by
weight, to the failure to fully utilize the roe, to lack of knowledge of

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 45

proper methods for canning the fish, and to failure to utilize the
milt roe for food and more of the fish offal for fertilizer. At present
the fish are marketed fresh, smoked, salted, and canned. Some of
the roe is canned. The pickled fish are usually prepared in one of
three ways, known as “‘cut’’ fish, “gross,’”’ and ‘‘selected roes.”

The Bureau has recently been making a study of the industry in
this region for the purpose of securing closer cooperation among the
fishery interests so as to improve conditions, to give new methods
of preserving the various products a trial, and to develop uses and
markets for neglected products... By way of experiment, some of the
fish were cured after the Scotch method and some of the milt roe was
canned. From an analysis of the latter and tests as to the methods
of preparation for the table, it appears that this will make a good
food product.

The following method of canning alewives has proved quite satis-
factory. The fish are cut, washed, and placed in the salting vats in
the same manner as if intended for salt curing. After 12 to 14 hours
they are removed from the vats and washed in an abundance of
luke-warm fresh water. During the washing, they are trimmed, the
balance of the fins and scales being removed. They are then cut to
can size and placed in the cans, after which they are processed for
55 minutes at 244° F. for No. 1 cans and 60 minutes for No. 2 cans.

Herring roe intended for canning is collected in buckets as the fish
are cut and washed in fresh water in special trays, blood and adhering
particles of entrails being removed. ‘The roe is then put in the cans.
As it swells considerably in processing, the cans must not be entirely
filled. If of the sanitary type, the cans are filled to within about
three-fourths of an inch of the top with roe and then filled to the edge
with cold salt brine, about 1 pound of salt to 8 or 10 gallons of water
being used to makethebrine.. The brine is added solely for seasoning.
The cans are immediately capped and placed in the processing
baskets. If solder-top cans are used, the filled cans are placed in the
exhaust box. Upon removal from the exhaust, the necessary air
space is provided for by pressing the roe down with a plunger. Ma-
terial clinging to the groove where the solder is to be applied is
removed with a brush and the cans are capped and tipped. The
canned roe is processed in a closed kettle for 45 to 55 minutes at a
temperature of 240 to 245° F. The milt roe may be canned in the
same manner as the roe except that the cans can be more completely
filled, as this product does not swell in processing. As the quantity
of brine used in this case will be somewhat less, it should be made
correspondingly stronger.

EXPLOITATION OF NEGLECTED AQUATIC FOODS.

The Bureau has continued its active campaign in behalf of neglected
roducts, more particularly those suitable for food, and has scored
urther successes in this important field.

The history of the establishment of the tilefish fishery was referred
to at length in the last annual report, in which it was shown that to
the end of the fiscal year 1916, when the fishery had been in existence
only 8 months, there had been caught over 4,388,500 pounds of
tilefish, for which the fishermen received more than $210,000. By

99805°—19—4

46 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

the end of the first 12 months, the known catch was upward of
10,250,000 pounds, valued at more than $400,000. During the fiscal
year 1917, the landings aggregated 11,641,500 pounds, and the
receipts of the fishermen exceeded $477,730. A feature of the fishery
in that year was the increased receipts at Boston and the diminished
receipts at New York, although New York, at the end of the year,
continued to be the chief center of the business.

The campaign to make an asset out of one of the most destructive
and neglected fishes of the Atlantic coast, namely, the spiny dogfish,
has progressed rapidly and well, notwithstanding local opposition and
a counter campaign of misrepresentation and ridicule among a
limited number of people who had become committed to another and
impracticable way of combatting the dogfish plague.

Among the first steps taken by the Bureau was to suggest a change
in the name of the fish for trade purposes. The species has been
generally known as dogfish, ‘a name which is objectionable because of
the prejudice against it and is not distinctive because it is shared by
various other little-regarded marine and fresh-water fishes. People
in all parts of the country will eat catfish but are opposed to dogfish.
The name adopted was grayfish, which is descriptive, not preoccupied,
and altogether unobjectionable.

Although the authority and the funds for carrying on this work
were not granted by Congress until the latter part of June, 1916,
midsummer found canners in Maine and Massachusetts making
arrangements to pack grayfish, and packing actually began in August
under an arrangement made with the Bureau by which the fish was
to be prepared in a stipulated manner and sold at a price not to exceed
a certain low figure, in return for which the label was permitted to
state that the fish was packed in accordance with the recommendation
of the Bureau of Fisheries. Another early development was the
selling of a limited quantity of fresh fish in the New York market,
with the indication that demand would increase.

The destructiveness of the grayfish and the extent to which it has
interfered with established fisheries have caused the fishermen to look
upon it with such aversion that it was only by the exercise of much
porenactins that they could be induced to catch the fish or even to

ring ashore those caught incidentally with apparatus set for other
fishes. An early feature of the campaign was the complete change in
the fishermen’s attitude after they ail become fully informed as to
the Bureau’s plans; and the autumn of 1916 witnessed the extra-
ordinary sight of New England fishermen going out especially for
grayfish and selling their catch at remunerative prices for food.

Although the canneries took all the grayfish they could obtain,
when the fish withdrew from New England waters for the winter the
season’s pack was not as large as desired by the canners or contem-
plated by the Bureau in its publicity campaign, and in the marketing
of the pack it soon became evident that the demand far surpassed the
supply. ‘The canned fish met with very ready sale, and long before
the winter was over the entire pack was disposed of and orders con-
tinued to arrive from all parts of the country. The goods proved to
be not only one of the best canned products on the market but also
one of the most economical to the consumer, who could buy at retail
for 10 cents a can containing 14 ounces net weight of fish.

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 47

The limited quantity of grayfish which the canners found it possible
to pack on the Atlantic coast having become exhausted, arrangements
were made in December for the inauguration of grayfish canning on
Puget Sound, where the fish are found in numbers in winter as well
asin summer. The salmon canneries of Washington are idle in win-
ter, and the owners showed much interest in the project presented to
them of being able to keep their plants open when they had formerly
been unproductive. One cannery hegalt operations almost immedi-
ately and by March, 1917, this had been joined by two or three
others, while four or five others had announced their intention to
experiment with the fish with the view of entering the business if
the industrial conditions warranted it. The entire prospective pack
of the first concern. was contracted for, and it was stated that one
packer had been obliged to refuse an order of 20,000 cases on account
of the scarcity of cans. A number of orders for export were received
but were declined by the canners in deference to the Bureau’s desire
first to satisfy the heavy domestic demand.

In the latter months of the fiscal year the demand for grayfish con-
tinued to increase. Although the canned product had been known
to the trade and public only since October, in April, 1917, it was
known to be handled by dealers in 128 cities and towns in New York
and Pennsylvania alone, and by May the fish was on sale by retailers
in 30 States and the District of Columbia.

With the return of grayfish to the coastal waters of New England
in the spring of 1917, canning was resumed in Massachusetts, and
there is every indication that the output for the calendar year will be
greatly in excess of 1916 and that the fish will henceforth have a
market for fishermen and packers.

The Office of Home Economics of the Department of Agriculture
has conducted experiments in feeding canned grayfish to human
beings, and has found that 92.8 per cent of the pee is digested as
compared with 94.5 per cent in the highest grade of Columbia River
salmon, 93.1 per cent in fresh mackerel, and 91.9 per cent in fresh
“butterfish. Nasty fave per ce&t af the fats in grayfish were digested
as compared with,94.4 per cept an salmon, 95.4 per cent in mackerel,
and 89.9 in butte a x. Mp A

Early in the al ‘year ‘the Bureau opened negotiations with the
fishery interests of Puget’Sound regarding a campaign to increase the
consumption of the-sdzcalled ‘‘black cod,” a fish of excellent quality
and high food value. In, anticipation of the creation of a ase de-
mand, considerable quantities were placed in the freezers in Seattle
and Tacoma during the summer and fall. The fish is not related to
the cod family and ik the interest*of accuracy it was renamed sable-
fish, and it began to be exploited under that name in January, 1917.
It immediately found .a,ready market and moved from the cold |
storage plants so rapidky tht it was,determined to defer a more
vigorous propaganda until spring, when it could be caught in larger ~
numbers. In April, display cards and other advertising matéer were
issued and its excellent qualities were galled to, the attention of the
public through the newspaper PAE a) acct press, As a result,
upwards of 2,000,000 pounds of the frozen:fightand 1,304,000 pounds
in the fresh state were disposed of by the dealers by June 30, and
reports at that time indicated that it was being landed in larger
quantities by the fishermen of the Pacific Coast States and that a

48 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

considerable fishery was developing in Alaska. The sablefish is
abundant along the entire Pacific coast north of San Francisco, and
it is believed that it is destined to afford a very important food supply
to the country.

A similar undertaking in respect to the burbot was inaugurated
about the time of the opening of the Great Lakes fisheries in April.
The burbot, which is a fresh-water member of the cod family, is an
abundant fish of the large bodies of water of the northern part of the
United States, and not only has been neglected as a food resource
but on account of its predaceous habits is destructive of other food
fishes. Effective cooperation was established with a number of |
the principal wholesale fish dealers at Great Lakes ports, and about
500,000 pounds of burbot were marketed by them between April 1
and June 30. This fish is generally sold skihind eviscerated, and
headless; and as the price is low it affords an economical food
supply of good quality.

xperiments in smoking various species of fresh-water fish, begun
at the Fairport station some two years ago, have yielded interesting
results. The bowfin or grindle, which is usually regarded as practi-
cally worthless, has been found to yield a very superior product when
properly smoked. Everyone who has sampled the product has tes-
tified to the excellent texture and flavor of the meat and some pro-
nounce it the best of smoked fish. The bowfin is generally known
through the Mississippi Basin as dogfish or grindle. It is an abundant
form in the Great Lakes and in sluggish waters from Minnesota and
New York to Florida and Texas. The proper utilization of this
species will not only add another commercial product to the market
but will tend to reduce the relative abundance of a species which is
most predatory upon the other fishes that are more highly valued in
the fresh state.

EXPLOITATION OF ALASKAN FISHERY RESOURCES.

An innovation in the Alaska field and a contribution to food pre-
ey has been the comprehensive campaign inaugurated by the

ureau to encourage the utilization of fishery products heretofore
more or less neglected. At the same time attention has been directed
particularly toward the packing of herring by the Scotch method,
which heretofore has not been attempted in Alaska, all herring for
food purposes having been preserved by the more simple Norwegian
method. The Bureau secured the services of a recognized authority
in the ae of Scotch herring and sent him to Alaska in the spring
of 1917. Three special assistants, graduates of the fishery school of
the University of Washington, were employed by the Bureau to
accompany the expert and acquire all information possible in regard
to the improved methods. Several of the regular employees of the
Alaska service also were detailed to learn these new methods, so as
to be able to instruct the fishermen.

Very gratifying results have followed this campaign, as the fishery
interests have shown a marked interest and a desire to give practical
effect to the Bureau’s work. The herring fishery of Alaska has not
been developed to anything like the extent of its possibilities, and as
a result of the interest manifested by the trade it is probable that the
product in 1917 will be more than double that of any previous season,

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 49

It is believed that at least 25,000 barrels of Scotch-cured herring will
have been prepared in Alaska in 1917, this in addition to a substantial
pack of herring prepared in the Norwegian style. The largest pack
of Norwegian herring heretofore made in Alaska in any one year was
approximately 18,000 barrels.

Efforts are being made by the Bureau’s agents to develop the use
of other species of fishes, particularly the sablefish and atkafish. The
latter, improperly called atka mackerel, is excellent when salted like
mackerel. It is abundant in parts of Alaska but is entirely unknown
in the markets.

MARKETING CARP ALIVE.

The carp is generally marketed fresh, smoked, or alive, the principal
markets being in the large cities in the East which have a foreign
population. As a result of various inquiries regarding the feasibility
of shipping carp alive from Pacific Coast States to New York City and
other eastern points, the Bureau conducted a brief investigation of
the methods employed in handling this product. Normally two car-
loads of carp are shipped each week into New York City, principally
from Port Clinton or Sandusky, Ohio, occasionally from other points
in the Great Lakes and upper Mississippi Valley region.

The fish are transferred from the nets to large live cars and towed
to the shipping point or to retaining ponds to be held for shipment
later. Those held in ponds are fed regularly on grain to fatten and
harden them. At the point of shipment, the carp are transferred to
tanks in the cars, which are usually old baggage cars. Each car is
equipped with 8 to 10 galvanized-iron tanks arranged along the sides
with a passageway about 2 feet wide running through the center. The
space under the passageway serves to hold ice in which the fish which
die in transit are iced.

The tanks are about 3 feet wide, 3 feet deep, and 8 to 10 feet long,
heavily reinforced with strips of angle iron. A strip of metal about
8 inches wide extends inward from the upper edge to keep the water
from sloshing out and the fish from jumping out. When the car is
in motion the balance of the opening is covered with a solid cover.
Running lengthwise along the bottom of the tanks are one-half-inch
galvanized-iron pipes, perforated at intervals of about 4 inches along
the upper side with very small, uniform-sized openings for aeration.
A wire grating covers these pipes. When the car is stationary or
moving slowly, air is passed through the pipes by a pump operated
by a set of storage batteries, which are recharged while the car is in
motion by a belt attached to the car axle. When the car is moving
more rapidly, a floor pump, connected directly with the axle of the
car furnishes the necessary power. In warm weather the air, before
entering the tanks, is cooled by passing through a set of coils sur-
rounded with ice. In transit the constant attention of a skilled
attendant is required to care for machinery and fish.

The amount of fish which can be transported with reasonable safety
depends upon prevailing conditions of, temperature and distance,
varying from about 8,000 to 20,000 pounds. |

At the terminus, the fish are transferred to tanks on automobile
trucks and delivered to the retailers, who have tanks with running

50 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

water for keeping the fish alive. In the live-carp trade, fish weigh-
ing from 2 to 3 pounds are preferred. In the fresh (dead) carp trade,
fish weighing from 3 to 5 pounds, and for smoking still larger fish,
are preferred.

DEVELOPMENT OF AQUATIC SOURCES OF LEATHER.

There is a growing scarcity of mammal hides used in the manufac-
ture of leather. The fishermen have no established market for fish-
skins. A small demand for certain fishskins for special purposes
exists, but difficulty is experienced by those using these products to
get in touch with sources of supply. These facts have led the
Bureau to investigate the possibilities of making satisfactory leathers
from fishskins and establishing a market for these products. The
tasks confronting it are to induce tanners to develop processes suitable
for converting fishskins into high-grade leathers and thus create a
market for the raw hides, to instruct the fishermen in preparing the
hides properly for the tanner, to encourage them to save and market
the skins, to ascertain to what uses the leathers are best suited, and
to determine the extent and sources of demand for fishskins for other
purposes. :

The Bureau has distributed several hundred skins of sharks and
other fishes, including cod, hake, grouper, gar, ray, catfish, and wolf-
fish, among tanners ae experimentation. A number of tanners are
interested in the project and are developing processes capable of pro-
ducing some very creditable leathers. The larger samples have been
submitted to the Bureau of Standards for testing as to tensile strength.
The average tensile strength of one of the shark skins examined was
3,479, pounds per square inch. Such data are being used for com-
parison with other leathers. Of the skins tanned, those of the various
sharks are the most promising.

Present methods of skinning sharks are slow and tedious. Special
instruments have been made and are being tried out for the purpose
of overcoming these difficulties. Instructions have been furnished
fishermen regarding the curing and aera of skins for shipment,
and the names of tanners desirous of obtaiming raw materials have
been supplied.

Formerly large quantities of shark skins, cleaned but not tanned,
were used for polishing wood, ivory, and the like. Because of the
roughness, hardness, and durability of the outer surface, they were
especially serviceable for this purpose. Although sandpaper and
emery preparations have largely replaced such materials, there is
still a small demand among cabinetmakers for certain of these hides.
It remains to ascertain what hides are best suited to the needs of the
various trades and arrange for supplies of these materials. In the
past, shark-skin leathers have been used to a very limited extent for
various ornamental and novelty purposes. The results of experi-
ments recently made in the tannin of. these skins indicate that they
can be used on a commercial basis for bag, belt, and similar purposes,
and this information is being brought to the attention of manufac-
turers of such articles. The Bureau is also endeavoring to ascertain
whether an industry can be built up which will utilize the skins of
smaller fishes, such as cod, hake, grouper, burbot, rays, catfish, etc.,
on a commercial basis. These and other problems have received

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 51

attention, and those obstructive to the development of the industry
are being solved.

Congress passed an act, approved June 12, 1917, authorizing the
Bureau to conduct a careful investigation in this field. This act car-
ried an appropriation of $10,000 to enable the Bureau of Fisheries,
in cooperation with the Bureau of Standards, to develop new aquatic
sources of supply of leather.

PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD FISHES.
* GENERAL REVIEW OF OPERATIONS.

Conspicuous success and progress have characterized the year’s work
in fish culture. While the output of several of the important species
was less than the average in recent years, the aggregate output was
larger than in any previous year, the increase over 1916 being some-
what more than 6 per cent. Among the fishes produced in about the
same numbers as in 1916 were shad, whitefish, silver salmon, chum
salmon, rainbow trout, and brook trout. Species whose output was
smaller were chinook salmon, sockeye salmon, grayling, smelt, black
bass, pike perch, yellow perch, white perch, cod, and lobster. In-
creased production was secured in the case of catfish, buffalofish, silver
salmon, humpback salmon, steelhead salmon, Atlantic salmon, land-
locked salmon, lake trout, striped bass, pollock, and winter flounder.
The somewhat detailed discussion which follows shows the reasons
for the gains and losses in the different fields. The total output was
5,158,963,295, compared with 4,847,262,565 in 1916.

Following is a summarized table showing the number of fish eggs
and fish distributed by the Bureau in the past year. Most of the
eggs herein noted were transferred to various State hatcheries.

I}

52 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

Summary, By SPEcIEs, oF THE DisTRIBUTION oF FisH AND Fisa Eaes Durine THE
Fiscat YEAR 1917.

, Fingerlings,
Species. Eggs. Fry. yearlings, Total.
and adults.
SUS iaate encase 4, 251, 289 4, 251, 289
112, 000 605, 407 717, 407
6, 754, 000 207, 898 6,961, 898
1759465 COON ata nce saecene , 946, 000
EREVOL NOLEN 9 a ote cinreyare eet lelele narnia sree cia) ew areiae | oslo tele setee lee alee eee 177, 000
SWViHite fish 9 se ihi2) oe e aie Da be Ma 331/610! 000! Sueete a 384, 212, 500
Lake herring (cisco)... ..\. 22 6vtk oes sae 82,500, 000/65. .- 5-02 ane 82,550
Blueback'salmon: jess d. cere cea ele 75, 038, 525 5, 793, 953 82, 832, 478
(Ghinidoki Salm ones eae Ua tenet eda le ines 16,404,404 | 27,065,581 50, 661, 185
Chunr'salmoni7 55325 Sh SES 2 a 55 14, 403, 300 7,014, 580 21, 417, 880
Hompback:salmonies 2 24h eee ee ee a wae 27, 406, 204 7, 449, 030 34, 855, 234
DUVET SAMIIOM Wie s 2 ibs hls eta cna cietaibicles oc 4,403, 700 4,662,960 9,066, 660
Sfeelhead salmon. sence ceee aaa 2,040, 710 2,061, 709 7,340,019
Aten tic SIMONE: Senet sinatetni= slomionae as a 3, 028, 850 3,029, 737
Landlocked salmon...............-.--------- 531, 000 798, 689 177, 635 1,507, 324
Rain BOW troltl eee ace ae eee ey ee 1, 454, 200 250, 200 2,574, 942 4,279, 342
Blackspotted trout............-..--.-.------- 1, 630, 000 2,051, 400 2, 683, 900 6,365, 300
ech Leven trout sae oun boot ced odie epeetcs ox decden BEDE Sata ; 25, 860
Take trots-ceeeses- ..| 35,332,000 33, 395, 155 3,698, 158 72, 426, 313
Brook trout...--.--- 3 935, 600 5, 972, 495 7, 868, 932 14,777, 027
Sunapee ake trout... 222 /e ae ey aie seo 34 -| comic aes teire S000) ee and soem 8,000
Grayling.......----- 125,000 1107800053252 ee 1, 203, 000
Smelt cst asides oe cob copes -Hhevdicad. sles gatas goles 28;,000/000)}- 2-)-Saoses- ae 28, 000, 000
PARQ ANG DICKErOle cnc cite cei alet Mes ete tne Cis seclewe a tenes | es nai ate h ete 103, 643 103, 643
RYreshwaterdrum: hires otjsthe th Ay yeh eed. oe Vee ere ee poss , 804 29, 804
Care ay 0) CoB A SSE SE LOSS SS ABe 5S sees tne eeale costes. Saas be ohink Sino Se 1,565, 072 1,565,072
argemouth*black bass. 3204. i4s. Ji iEl sca SI 320, 050 961,912 1, 281, 962
Smalimouth’ black bass. f jute s-sheckdoasers deeed- tease 237, 600 149, 837 387, 437
TOOK DASS We eeess ene eet nals eee meme yal Ge ceesO eee back aes a tebe ceinaaeme 91,742 91,742
Warmouth Dass: eos saeh seer EER SUSE S Re ee eee eens 2,4 2,
Duntishy ey uehle 2 eee Jee temic is ag lay We elie ey) ae ape UM es eh ee 2,670, 513 2,670, 513
Pike percheiei? Mess st ee he ust 212,900, 000 174, 097, 500 15, 874 387, 013, 374
Wellow perch, 2: Siossi eae ec Ce eB 175, 421, 000 163, 839 175, 584, 839
WITS DELGH Sakis sp Liaise Tavinw wie taapisie se ~emretee slip tacieaep celts 3256257000 [2.2 sates bee 32, 625, 000
WViNGG PASSA Ptr. Sct s Lier ee fee. Satta see 15, 298 15, 298
Striped (DaSss ses chee o55 shinee toc se en sey
Mackerel) Cl. . b se I Seg eRe A
Butterfisha ict pped-e 44 sc. doe J ose tesa
Code a aeeen ase
Pollock. <2: -
Haddock :2- 225
Flounder. ....-..-
Miscellaneous fishes 6,70
Teele F aR S GE i AY Sar RN Ee OREN sata (kPa aA 110, 260, 000 5,400 | 110, 265, 400
Motalepyewae le. Hx Joe Shan che add 318,939,100 | 4, 757,908,782 | 82,115,411 | 5,158, 963, 293

The foregoing output may be conveniently classified on the follow-
ing geographic basis, which agrees quite closely with the general
character of the operations of the hatcheries:

Marine: species of the Atlantic coasts! 1.2 cs .- 21-0. seep ls kane emits 3, 646, 827, 048
Migratory species of the Atlantic coast.....-.-.-....-----------+---- 333, 322, 576
Hashes’ol the-Great Lakes. 072. G225 2 kee wk ise = ce ae ee 926, 201, 687
Micratory fishes of the ‘Pacific coastr.2 7620222. 2... Waseem eee 206, 173, 456
Pushes of the igtertoriwaters:<.22'2: 2 Odo ota: 2550 eae eee sale A6, 438, 526

MORAL Gece oi cecce tie co Gn UR Cee ie, ea 5, 158, 963, 293

It is possible to record a further reduction in the unit-cost of fish-
vanel operations. Taking into consideration all expenditures
chargeable to fish culture and fish distribution, together with the
salaries of all employees in the fish-cultural service, the cost of fish
produced and planted in 1917 was $114.46 per million, as against
$117.86 in 1916, $131.65 in 1915, $146.36 in 1910, and $239 in 1905.
This record is noteworthy in view of the increased cost of all supplies,
materials, and temporary labor, and indicates increased efficiency and
economy.

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 53

HATCHERIES OPERATED.

During the year the Bureau operated 55 regularly established
hatcheries, 19 subhatcheries, and 74 ege-collecting stations. The
stations in alphabetical order, with the subsidiary stations there-
under, the period of operations, and the species handled, are shown
in the following table:

FisH-CuLtuRAL STATIONS OPERATED DURING THE FiscAL YEAR 1917.

Designation. Period of operation. Species handled.
Sb (3 1 es Yin ES I: a ea eae SB Us ol J) Blueback and humpback salmons.
Seal ‘Harbor, Alaska........--- June-October........-----« Blueback salmon.
Uganak, Ragas <0 cee AN re GOs eae eee SNES Do.
PE are Clee ese ee Soren Sana.s Sani Hintiretyearss.. 2-22-5233 eee and rainbow trouts, chinook
salmon.
Battle Creek, Cal..........--.- December-April..........- Chinook salmon.
Hornbrook, Cal................| January—May..........-.-. fanibok and silver salmons, rainbow
rout.
Mirek, Calon so cao = December-April..........- Chinook salmon.
aiceronice VWisisiho foes ck at Mire y Oar. (02... sac acs on Pie chinook, silver, and steelhead
| — salmons.
BIPASvIOWsIW Asie. snc cccecliaces = GORA AA NAE te he ante Blueback, chum, humpback, silver, and
steelhead salmon.
IB CHIT OR VV SO Oe coer S oe | ee ad GOs steel dees Chum and silver salmons, steelhead
salmon.
Barrington, Wash............. ADEN JUNOS os ore ancinaaes Chum and silver salmons.
Duckabush, Wash.............] October-June...........-.- Chinook, chum, humpback, silver, and
steelhead salmons.
Ilabott Creek, Wash..........|...-- GO SEs hitcieace ze secs Chinook and chum salmons.
Quilcenos Wash... -- 22220542222] Bntiretyears:-. 2.20522. bee humpback, silver and steelhead
salmons.
Qualia Wastes. ccsescec asp. ons (lope Ae GSM ASerene Blueback, chinook, and silver salmons.
PICEUDAEIS AVY RSEN pe be Sete be ale EO ea een ee os Silver and steelhead salmons.
Boothbay Harbor, Mig see ee are ce se 0 Sr eee ees Flounder, pollock, lobster.
MOAN, MO. oo Soe 2k5S oslo July—October, age June. .| Lobster.
Bozeman, Mont. ..--o...:.+..122.3} Entire year.. a ..--| Blackspotted, brook, rainbow, and lake
trouts, steelhead salmon, grayling.
Odell Creek, Mont. ....:.......| March-May................| Grayling.
Meadow Creek, Mont..........]..--. 0a ee ee Ae Grayling and rainbow trout.
Yellowstone, Wyo...... ses Se July andhuneurs es oe Blackspotted trout.
Clear Creek, WUD cece deh el seats CLO eae Career oe ae Se, Do.
Columbine Greak, Wyo. (5a }ilga Mae Se ek a ah ad Do.
Cub Creek, Wyo........... SENG (oe eR eet Ayres Do.
Lake Camp, NUR Sa ect bl Seine a Cee aaa ree eR PE Se Do.
Pelican Creek, Wyo.......|.---- AOS a ee eae Do.
STV AMROAOME AMG. oo to oe March-May.........-...---| Shad and yellow perch.
Cape Vincent, INP Ncsen cee sentsbise ae Entire year. ss. cee ewe Brook, lake, and rainbow trouts, lake

herring, landlocked salmon, pike, and
yellow perce , Whitefish.

@haumont, Niu «528-0 ceeacke November and December.| Whitefis
Galloo Island, N. Y........... October-November. ......| Lake trout.
Grassy Bay, Se eulbeeyiel ps LEN Se egy Stee eS 4 Yellow perch.
Henderson Harbor, N. Y...... GG fare eager eed Eee! Lake herring.
Ogdensburg, N.Y... 3.21. April-May:...........-.---| Pike perch.

a2 DitebercNavadiber Rnd Es Lake trout.
HO NOVEM DER oss. skeeek ae Whitefish.

Sodus Point, N.Y. ..| November—December .| Lake herring.
Stony Island, WN Yael >|, Niovemlber.:..:-...- Lake trout.
Three Mile Bay, N. Y........., November-December Lake herring and whitefish.
Upper Saranac, N. Y.......-.. November...............--] Whitefish.
Central Station, Washington, DCE trOy Oars... osc. sok Shad, pike, and yellow perches.
Clackamas, Oreg SENSES es te al epes g -do <2 ei 2 ae eas Bee Brook and rainbow trouts, steelhead,
chinook, and silver salmons.
Applegate, Oreg..........-...- ‘Apel venis er a ee Chinook, silver, and steelhead salmons.
Big White Salmon, Wash..... December—March -.| Chinook’salmon.
Snake River, Oreg.........-... Oatober ne sos Pe _ Do.
Little White Salmon, Wash...| July-May..........--------| Chinook and chum salmons.
Rogue River, Oreg..........-.- Entin@ yOal-. 2-2... -24506059 Blackspotted trout, chinook, steelhead,
and silver salmons.
Upper Clackamas, Oreg........ HOO sas Seach nie Sapa Chinook, steelhead, and silver salmons.
Willamette River, Oreg....... ‘July re te A eC: ea oe” Shad.
Cold A aaa Ga See te et tee Mntinetyeare a. ee Se Bass, catfish, sunfish.
GOW Ge ese oo st ai 1UNLETH ALR a ein oe Bass.
rdie Brook, Mo.<20) .-<5-23 Sosa.04 mtireryGar. 2. sk sse ees Atlantic, humpback, and landlocked
salmons, brook trout.
PP UIUth | Minn oo tke eee eval conte WO sane ert alae enemas Brook and lake trouts, pike perch, white-
fish, steelhead salmon.
Grand Marais, Minn........... October-December....-.--- Lake trout, whitefish.

Susie Island, Minn..........-.- November.......--.-. ».---! Lake trout.

54 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

Fisa-CuLturAL STATIONS OPERATED DurRING THE FiscAL YEAR 1917—Continued.

Designation. Period of operation. Species handled.

Hdenton, NU Clits io. sso
Weldon. N.C... 120..-9.40 pee
MP Witl Denil ts. ces ce ete seein ete

Hrntireyear [51.5 .4....4-b 4
April-May. oc 3--- apetin sd
Entire year.......---------

Black bass, shad, sunfish, white perch.

Striped bass.

Brook and rainbow trout, black bass,
carp, sunfish, rock bass.

aI ODU, LOW Ans ss oo0 sms nee ae ete erate LO ante acini a see Black bass, buffalofish, carp, catfish,
crappie, drum, pickerel, pike, perch.

Black bass, buffalofish, carp, catfish,
crappie, pike perch, sunfish, suckers.

Black bass, crappie, sunfish.

Black bass, buffalofish, carp, catfish
crappie, pickerel, sunfish, pike and

ellow perches.

Black bass, buffalofish, carp, catfish,
crappie, pickerel, pike perch, sunfish,
vellow perch.

Black River, Ark......-.-.-.-- October-December... -.---
November—December....-

Cumberland River, Ky......-.
August-December......-.-

Lake Cooper, Ill....-..--.-...-

Lake Pepin, Minn............ September-November.....

Gloucester, Mass. ...-2-.-.-.-----.) MUL years os 222.2... Butterfish, cod, flounder, haddock,
lobster, mackerel, pollock.
NGTEON UAE | MOnee econ ce ree ae ees Ae eee eee seein ee = Brook trout, steelhead, landlocked, and
humpback salmons, smelt.
Grand Lake Stream, Me.....- September-June. .......--. Landlocked salmon.
TOMO, AMUN spies see stee oe on ee NEO Vean es fes-6 cere an Black bass, buffalofish, catfish, carp,

crappie, drum, pike, rock bass, sunfis

yellow and pike perches, brook an

; rainbow trouts.

TEE Ci Aaa con ee riceee sae | Baa: a! Upper sennorocds scesects Black bass, buffalofish, carp, catfish,

brook trout, crappie, drum, pike, pike
erch, rock bass, sunfish, yellow perch.

ibe kpiles (Cy se45 eB epa ames 6] Saeko ee sae aa acmie Blackspotted, brook, rainbow, and lake
trouts, grayling.
Antero Lake, Colo............ April May etc ocetece tess Rainbow trout.
Crystal Lake, Colo...........- INO VEIN DBE See wee nee cee Brook trout.
Englebrecht Lake, Colo...-..- Do.
Hoselkuss Lake, ft Reade eal led 2 d Do.
Musgrove Lake, Colo..........|----- Do.
Northfield Lake, Colo... Do.
Smith Ponds, Colo....-.. Do.
Turquoise Lake, Colo... -. Do.
Uneva Lake, Colo........... Do.
Woodland Park Lake, Colo. Do.
Seven Lakes, Colo........- Blackspotted trout.

LOWISVINESKiy ccc sacs conan <ei526 Black bass, crappie, pike perch, rock
pats, sunfish, chinook salmon, rainbow
rout.
Mammoth Spring, Ark Black bass, catfish, rock bass, sunfish.
Friar Point, Miss......-.------ Black bass, buffalofish, carp, catfish
crappie, rock bass, sunfish.
Brook and rainbow trouts, rock bass,

Hniare year2.0c.) Jo. ce ese
smallmouth bass.

Manchester, lows... ....--.<---+-s<-

Bellevue; Towa. « «..2.- =e=<° a0 «. August-December......-- Black bass, buffalofish, carp, catfish,
crappie, drum, pike, sunfish, warmouth
bass, white bass, yellow perch.

NorinincGrerar lowae. 6) ona) cnn) cmneot Saiseaeine <a Black bass, buffalofish, carp, catfish,
crappie, pike, rock bass, sunfish, yellow

erch.

Galena Mis 28h sentetenecne UNO rel Oeh ae abens -eeeerer Black bass, buffalofish, carp, drum, pike,

river herring, sunfish, warmouth bass,

yellow perch.

Nashua) Neher eet ese ane Ue YOARls seamen ster neg Brook, lake, and rainbow trouts, small-
mouth bass.

IN GOSHO) Mos teme cet. cin Eee al) See CLOSE Et CEES RNIN Soc eer Black bass, crappie, rainbow trout, rock
bass, sunfish, yellow perch.

Northville, Mich...... ee Ae toe ee ae CO secre ete tess Dyes Brook, lake, and rainbow trouts, small-
mouth bass.

Aen a NEO pee oe cote] EL Em ett nce Lake trout, whitefish.

Bay City ater te OO Maes se tego Pike perch.

BAY POL. Wich ress a a2... | UNOVPIM DORs neuen. cece Whitefish.

Braviits Meno ee ee? BO cn ee Do.

Belle Isle, Mich...............| October-November. .....- Do.

Charity Island, Mich..........].---- fe te eee eae ae ee Do.

Charlevoix, Mich...........:-- April-May, November..... Lake trout, whitefish.

Cheboygan, Mich............. October-November. .....- Lake trout.

NIGCOUT, MICHt | enero eel = G0! - ope eee Do.

IDGSUOUL. MUG teen eae ee. April-May , December. .-. - Pike perch, whitefish.

Painport,Mich ween e he cs. dees October-November.......- Lake trout.

MTATIRIOTU, jC ae tt cece eles 1s lo} See ee ere Do.

Grand Haven, Mich..:..-....4)....- G0 21.2 eee ee Do.

Isle Royale, Mich.............]...-- Cth: ¢ 47 ee Be kaey Lake trout, whitefish.

GVSLONG: MIC os foc emcteede sc GO: . oR Sere Lake trout.

Weland Micha: SY ieee pene Coz: 2 Ab eee eases Lake trout, whitefish.

Manistique, Mich... Jo 00 ooo... tO eee a ee Lake trout.

Marquette Michis 3 Ae esis ae HO’; 155 See Pe Do.

Monroe; Micht =. ones ssceace te April-Mayis 2 eee Pike perch.

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 55

Fisa-CutturAL STATIONS OPERATED DURING THE FiscAL YEAR 1917—Continued.

Designation. Period of operation. Species handled.

Northville, Mich.—Continued.

Monisine Mich: .. on as dagad October-November......-- Lake trout.
Munoscong, Mich. ........-.-- Ua OFA bb wene mgarameipiysms se aee Se Pike perch.
Naubinway, Mieh...........-- October-November. -......| Whitefish.
Northport, Mich..............|---.- co fe OL ee SE Eee Lake trout, whitefish.
Ontonagon, Mich............-|----- do, 4s Lake trout.
St. Ignace, Mich..-... Fea Seer CER ae (6 {1 ees Smee re oe Lake trout, whitefish.
ieessaIGS NICHES er. Sc Rote scl (98 ae Me a Bad Lake trout.
St. Joseph, Mich..............|....- dos: tpg ls7. 73g Do.
South Manitou, Mich......... December. 302 -a soon sho 4 Whitefish.
Port Lookout, Miche ees Olt Ea CR ao al oe Eee Do.
Oranpebyrey sn Ce... = 4)qqeeeeet NIT GVA soe See Black bass, sunfish.
Branchville. Gee 048. | oe rs Mareh—Aprile een eee Shad.
JacksonboroiSii©..,53) 2582 ssc )ie2 - GON. Be 22.4 sae Ek Do.
BMH BY, sONIO. 2.1. woe ccctee oe Entire year. -.... ce Lake trout, whitefish, pike, perch.
Middle Bass, Ohio. .........-. April, November - De- | Pike perch, whitefish.
North Bass, Ohio. . -. Do.
Port Clinton, Ohio Do.
Toledo, Ohio... ee Do.
Quincy, Ill...... EEE SUED LANE Black bass, buffalofish, catfish, crappie,
pie perch, rock bass, sunfish, yellow
ass, yellow perch.
Stadobnspury\VWbse2s2ssei sac. 22-232 Olea reas 25558 Foe SER Brook, lake, rainbow, and sunapee trouts,
landlocked and steelhead salmons, yel-
low perch.
Danline Pond \Vitesfs. 2 ok July-December .......-.-. Brook trout.
HIGIdeH, Vibes. 22 o20 ses eee ene HINTING SVORT = he cose se cee | Brook, lake, and rainbow trouts, steel-
head and landlocked salmons.
ake Mitchell, Vite... ..--éc<6- September-December....- | Brook trout.
Swanton, Vt cee April-May: ...2 03.45.0222 | Pike and yellow perches.
Berkshire, Mass...........-... MEINE vVOAIT.. so ace Boe | Brook trout.
Ban) Marcos! Dexses.) 22330 e ay ee (Sse reps areca ite Black bass, crappie, rock bass, sunfish.
Saratoga i Wy Ons. ssdes5 see 5.2 i a2laes. does ssa ti. 5 bee Blackspotted, brook, and rainbow
trouts, steelhead salmon.
Spearish; Seals. 25 5). ee. GOAT UA. ake Brook, blackspotted, lake, rainbow, and
Loch Leven trouts.
PRIIICIOMMISS peer sae eocmce dal coca (60 yO ph ll Black bass, catfish, crappie, sunfish.
White Sulphur Springs, W. Va...|...-.. GOuyeg see ey CREE LS Brag qa rainbow trouts, black bass,
sunfish.
WroodsiHole,. Mass. .25. is: thi. gees dosehites. 342. ab ROS: Cod, flounder, mackerel.
Menemsha, Mass.............- January—-April..........-- Flounder.
Wino Mass! S225.) 82. Sb eee Le ee ee acme cree Do.
Wackford WRi Ti rsi 2) soe sly eilasess Goli-efoees tes ett he Do.
Wytheville, "A dae nel lelap ha Hntire year ....3-.5.+..0-- Black bass, brook and rainbow trouts,
rock bass, sunfish.
BGS AY AUABK Rte h ete cy ia eee Ope fees staemeae ute = 8 Blueback salmon.
Smeaton Bay, Alaska......... August-September. ....... Do.

Early in the fiscal year an additional hatchery was added to the
number already in operation, through the acceptance of a donation
by Mrs. Mary A. Scully of a trout-hatching slant which had been
constructed and successfully operated as a private venture for some

ears by her husband, the late John S. Scully, of Massachusetts.

his property consists of about 135 acres of land in the heart of the
Berkshire Hills, some 7 miles from Great Barrington, Mass., with
the ponds and buildings required for a complete trout hatchery.
A joint resolution of Congress, authorizing the Secretary of Com-
merce to accept the gift on behalf of the Government was signed
by the President on July 28, 1916, and shortly thereafter the Bureau
instituted active trout operations with the stock of fish included as
a part of the donation.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE HATCHERY OUTPUT.
The output of the hatcheries, planted under favorable conditions

and in well-considered places, reached every State and Alaska. The
commercial fishes were distributed for the most part in local waters,

56 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

on the initiative of the Bureau and under the immediate direction
of the various station superintendents. The fishes adapted for the
minor interior waters were largely planted on applications from
States, clubs, associations, and individuals bearing the indorsement
of Senators or Representatives.

In the course of the year the fish-distributing cars traveled a
total of 138,717 miles, the paid transportation amounting to 122,778
miles. Although the output of fish was larger than ever before, a
material reduction in distribution expenses by messengers was
effected, through the systematic planning of the work with the view
of supplying all species without covering the same territory twice.
By this means the messenger travel of 645,721 miles in 1916 was
reduced to 554,597 miles in 1917. The average cost per mile for
movement of the Bureau’s cars, based on data compiled for the
fiscal year 1916, was $0.144, including fares of the car crews.

A new fish transportation car, for which Congress had provided
an appropriation of $20,000, was completed and put in commission
shortly after July 1, 1916. This car is of steel construction through-
out except for the doors and windows, and is equipped for carrying
140 cans of fish. Its use has greatly facilitated the distribution
work, as it carries a load almost 50 per cent larger than the old cars.

Small shipments of eggs have been made to foreign countries, in
response to official requests. Thus, there were forwarded to Canada
96,000 rainbow-trout eggs and to Japan 100,000 brook-trout eggs
and 101,000 rainbow-trout eggs. To the Canal Zone there were sent
2,750 fingerling, black bass, catfish, rock bass, and sunfish, at the
request of the canal administration.

detailed statement of the distribution and planting of fish is
published separately as a ee of this report, and is available for
gratuitous distribution. This statement shows by States and local-
ities the number and age of fish of each species distributed during the
year.
PROPAGATION OF THE PACIFIC SALMONS.

The run of both red and humpback salmons in the vicinity of the
Afognak station was the largest that has occurred in that region since
the year of the eruption of Mount Katmai in 1912. In connection
with the run of the former species, it is noteworthy that Litnik Lake
was the only point in the ash belt where any number of redfish were
noticeable, and nearly all the other lakes which they frequented before
the eruption were barren. Whether this run, consisting of indi-
viduals of an inferior size, was affected by remote influences or was
in ye or altogether the result of the hatchery plantings is conjectural.

ollections of red-salmon eggs extending from July 26 to October

18 amounted to 22,424,000, of which 4,678,000 were taken at Seal
Bay and 692,000 at Uganak Bay. ‘To these acquisitions was added
a gift of 1,016,000 eyed eggs from the Karluk hatchery of the Alaska
Packers Association. Some of the later eggs were more than seven
months in process of hatching, due to the fact that the water tem-
erature remained around 33° F. until after the middle of April, fol-
owing a very severe winter. Fry began taking food late in April,
and 8,871,000 were on hand at the end of the fiscal year after
10,296,000 had been liberated... Freshened salt salmon, a by-product
of spawning operations, was fed with satisfactory results. Its prepa-

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. Ei

ration consisted in soaking in running water for 24 hours, removing
skin and bones, and grinding. It was next placed in boiling water,
which caused the flesh to granulate, and was then reground. When
granulated by the boiling-water treatment a greater proportion is
eaten, whereas when the raw flesh is reduced to a fine state by the
second grinding a large part, in the form of a milky fluid, is lost when
put into the water. The fry are fed from six to eight weeks, and
released only when it becomes necessary to provide feeding space for
more recent hatchings.

At Litnik Lake 25,310,000 humpback-salmon eggs were collected
between August 11 and September 11. At Seal Bay 3,010,000 of this
species were obtained and more were in sight, but collecting had to
be discontinued in order to reserve space for redfish eggs. At Uganak
Bay when 10,730,000 had been taken all space was filled and collec-
tions were necessarily suspended. Late in October all these eggs were
transferred from the field stations to Afognak hatchery and the aux-
iliaries were closed. In the course of the season, a transfer of
16,000,000 humpback-salmon eggs was made to Seattle, Wash., half
of them being destined to Puget Sound stations and half to stations
in Maine. The 19,343,000 humpback fry produced at Afognak were
held as long as possible, but owing to lack of room it was necessary
to plant them prior to sac absorption. Most of them were released
in the river alow the lake and were widely scattered so that they
might settle in crevices between the rocks covering the river bed.

Although the run of red salmon in the vicinity of Yes Bay station
was commercially far below that of the preceding year, a good col-
lection of eggs was made. Although the number secured was not as
large as in the previous year, when 72,000,000 were taken, the figures
of the average year were surpassed by several millions.

While facilities for rearing were limited, more than 800,000 finger-
lings were produced and liberated in the course of the season and
785,500 were being held at the end of the fiscal year. From 58,000,000
eggs collected, mainly in September, 49,600,000 fry were liberated,
and 2,000,000 eyed eggs were supplied to the Oregon State hatchery
at Bonneville. The salt-solution process was employed for the re-
moval of dead eggs.

The combined output of fingerling salmon from the Washington
stations was above 37,000,000, while upward of 3,000,000 additional,
in process of rearing, were carried over into the new fiscal year.
Stéelhead fingerlings released numbered nearly 4,000,000. Egg col-
lections at these stations were generally successful, though diminished
because of the off year for humpback salmon. A feature at Birdsview
station was the en of 38,000 humpback-salmon eggs. This species
has heretofore visited these waters only every second year, and this
appearance in Grandy Creek can not be regarded otherwise than the
result of the Bureau’s effort to establish an annual run by the transfer
of eggs from Alaska. Conditions were most unfavorable during the
humpback run, Grandy Creek being at a low stage, and the water
spread out over the wide gravelly bar at the creek’s mouth, making
it difficult for fish to enter. No eggs were taken at any other Wash-
ington station, although fishermen, noting their off-year appearance,
made reports from various places which indicated the taking of quite
anumber. Alaska humpback fry, the product of 4,000,000 eggs, were
again introduced in this stream, The same conditions that hampered

58 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

the entrance of humpbacks into the creek prevailed during the sockeye

run, otherwise larger results would undoubtedly have been recorded.

In the spring, several sockeye salmon, from 6 to 10 inches in length,

were taken in the creek. Another shipment of 225,000 eggs was sent

Ease eenwalt station in order to continue the plantings in Puget
ound.

Low water curtailed the chinook-egg collections in the Puget Sound
region, but hatching results were good, the fry taking food more read-
ily and developing more rapidly than anyother species. Thesteelhead
run was late, but nearly as many eggs were collected as last year, and
over a million were transferred to Maine and other points eastward.
The take of silver-salmon eggs was 2,000,000 in excess of last year.

At Baker Lake the sockeye-egg collections numbered 5,445,000, sur-
passing the previous year by 2,000,000. An unusual occurrence was
the fact that about 22 per cent of the eggs could not be fertilized,
though the fry resulting from the fertile ones were normal. The
silver-salmon eags were infertile to a somewhat greater extent. A
battery of troughs was set up outside the hatchery for the rearing
of fry. All fish were fed to some extent prior to releasing them.
All chum, and silver salmon fry at Darrington station were reared to
the feeding stage. There was an increase in the aggregate egg col-
lections of chinook, chum, silver and steelhead salmons at Tilabot
Creek station, but at Day Creek a falling off occurred. All eggs at
the latter point were transferred to Birdsview for hatching. At
Sultan station a washout reduced the egg collections. All fry at this
point were fed prior to release. A slough pond, 150 by 4 feet in area
and 14 feet deep, was constructed, and used with excellent results
for holding and feeding young fish.

At Duckabush station there was an unusually small run of chum
salmon, and as trouble was experienced from log jams, at least half
the run of chum and all the silver salmons escaped capture. At
Brinnon station, though conditions were like those at Duckabush,
increased collections of silver and chinook salmons eggs were made,
despite the fact that unlawful purse-seine fishing was conducted
below, for which some of the fishermen were convicted by State
authorities. Most of the steelhead run at this station escaped when
the rack was washed out in May or when log jams prevented fishing.
The work at the Duckabush and Quilcene stations was greatly facili-
tated by the purchase of two motor trucks during the hea part of
the fiscal year.

An interesting item in connection with the work at this field was the
result attained from feeding in the so-called slough pond, an arm of
the Walcotts Slough, which was screened to as enemy fish.
All the salmon fry hatched at Brinnon, and the younger specimens
of fish forwarded from Duckabush and Quilcene, were placed in this
pond and fed regularly. They made a rapid growth and the losses
were slight. They were allowed to pass out at will, the meshes of
the screen bein ha enough to permit their escape. The. chum
salmon left the slough at the end of four or five weeks, although they
had in almost every case been fed for about the same length of time
in troughs or cement ponds before their transfer to the slough. The
chinook and silver salmons remained for a longer period and left
the slough in a body. |

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 59

At Quilcene station the collections of all species except humpback
were larger than last year, a noticeable increase being in steelheads,
which numbered 420,000 as against 45,000 in the previous year.
Good success was attained in hatching, the fry losses were normal, and
all young were fed and planted.as advanced fry or fingerlings. Two
million humpback eggs from Afognak station, Alaska, hatched well,
and the young were reared to fingerling size before liberation.

A power machine for grinding fish food was installed at Birdsview
and a motor truck was acquired, and both appliances effected import-
ant economies in time and labor. The shore of Grandy Creek was
protected by a plank wall for arresting erosion and to prevent the
flooding of the station grounds. At Illabot and Day Creeks the
battery shelters were inclosed with rough-board siding for the
exclusion of snow and wind, and at the former a heating coil was
installed, its hot-water discharge entering the hatchery supply
flume, with the object of preventing freezing and water stoppage.
At Sultan the open end of the hatchery was boarded in, 11 new
troughs and fittings were added, and an earth rearing-pond was
constructed.

The Quinault, Wash., substation is located on one of the most
important blueback-salmon streams in the United States at the
present time, but it is unquestionably being heavily overfished.
While the close season is always complied with, it consists of only
one day each week, and as fishing operations are conducted for a
distance of several miles up the river, it is believed the fish entering
the streams at the beginning of a closed period do not pass beyond
the last traps before fishing is again resumed. The run of four years
ago was extremely small and was in part responsible for the di-
minished numbers entering the past season. While there is no way
of definitely determining the number of fish reachin Quinault Lake
in the course of a season, a very close estimate may ee arrived at by
basing it on the number taken by the Indians at the mouth of the
river. This during the past year indicated one of the poorest seasons
onrecord in the region. The run to the upper waters was 10 days late
owing tolow water. Many fish that collected in deep holes, apparently
waiting for a rise, were taken by seining, and most of them being
ripe, they were stripped where caught. The spawning season began

ovember 10, and the total egg collections amounted to 13,395,000.
Hatching was delayed a month by cold weather and snow in the
mountains. <A part of the young had to be released in the sac stage
owing to lack of trough room. About 50,000 were held per trough
until the sac was absorbed, when they were liberated down to 6,000
and these held for fingerling production. Dead eggs .were removed
by salt solution, and with Rio 3 effectiveness that the care of the eggs
required the time of only two men.

bout 45,000 blueback fingerlings brought over from last year
were the product of eggs from Alaska. Of these 42,502, by actual
count, were marked by the removal of the adipose and left ventral
fins, and liberated in August and September. The losses from mark-
ing were slight.

Diiichocleasinon fingerlings were observed in Quinault Lake in
much larger numbers than in the previous two years, many thousand
being seen feeding in schools near the surface in May and June.
Incidental to blueback fishing, there were collected 235,000 chinook

60 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

eges which produced 160,000 fry. The run of silver salmon was the
largest since the establishment of the station and contained many
large males, some of them weighing 25 pounds. The egg collections
of this species numbered 2,166,000, from which 1,910,000 fry were
hatched and distributed. Three earth ponds, each 40 by 16 feet, were
built during the year and successfully used in rearing operations.
An addition of 25 feet was built to the east end of the hatchery,
making it 40 by 127 feet, with capacity for 100 hatching troughs.

In the Oregon field, the egg collections of all species for the year
numbered 39,941,100, and the output amounted to 35,099,392 fish
and eggs. The earlier salmon-egg collections in the Columbia Basin
were above the average, but there was soon a diminution, because
of the redoubled efforts of commercial fishermen, who were spurred
on by the higher prices paid for salmon. The operations of these
men are jeopardizing the industry.

Through a technicality discovered in the law, Clackamas River
was thrown open to commercial fishing after having been closed
about eight. years. This stream has heretofore been gaining each
year, notwithstanding the strenuous fishing near its mouth and on
the Willamette River. Unless there is relief within a reasonable
time, it is feared that salmon fishing on the Clackamas will soon be a
thing of the past.

From Clackamas station a large distribution of trout was made
throughout Washington and Oregon. An autotruck, transferred
from Baird station, ereatly facilitated and cheapened the distribu-
tion. Shad operations were undertaken during the early summer
months as usual at Willamette Falls, and two new collecting fields
were opened up—one at St. Helens, on the main channel of the
Willamette River, and one at Astoria, on Youngs River. Flood
waters from melting snows and warm backwaters materially ham-
pered the work, and up to the close of the fiscal year only 1,861,000
shad eggs had been secured at the three points.

At the upper Clackamas station low water prevented satisfactory
runs of chinook and silver salmons. Two earth ponds were built
at this point for the alternate holding of adult fishes while ripenin
and fry undergoing rearing. An abundant supply of water follows
the introduction of a new 6-inch line.

Collections of chinook eggs for Little White Salmon station were
satisfactory only at first or while the Columbia River was yet closed
to commercial fishermen. Then fishing became a handicap, reducing
collections to about half the amount of the preceding year, or to
17,914,000 eggs. During the long period that the Garicabia River
was at flood stage, the fish remained at the mouth of the river where
they were captured by trolling operations of commercial fishermen.
The intensity of these operations is evidenced by the fact that one
concern in Astoria paid the commercial fishermen $52,000 for the
salmon taken by that method. From stripped salmon a sufficient
number of carcasses were preserved to meet the food requirements
of young fish. Some of the flesh was smoked, but most of it was
salted. In former years these fish have been discarded. During
July and August 50,000 chinook fingerlings were marked by the
removal of the posterior half of the dorsal fin and the left ventral fin.
The fish averaged about 24 inches in length, and were not in the best

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 61

of condition. They were hatched from ‘‘fall’’ eggs. At this station
20 ponds of the series planned were completed in time to be utilized
in the rearing of chinook fry. They are patterned after the modern
series at Quilcene station, and can be emptied, thoroughly cleansed,
and otherwise handled at minimum expense. The most detrimental
effect of the intensive fishing for chinook salmon on the lower Colum-
bia River was experienced at the Big White Salmon station, very
few fish appearing after the first two days of the run.

At the Rogue ‘River station, where 5,626,000 eggs of this species

were collected, only 1,683,000 were obtained the year before. The
run of fish was the largest ever known on,that river, but only a few
escaped the fishermen and ascended to waters in the vicinity of the
station. These were spring run, and as no trace of a fall run reached.
the hatchery, it is probable that the greater part of the run was
canned. The pack of two canneries at the mouth of the river ex-
ceeded anything in the past, the passage for the fish being practically
obstructed by the gill nets, which were installed in every favorable
eddy. The Ament dam across Rogue River again proved a serious
obstruction to the ascent of salmon to the hatchery, the fishway
on the north side not being in working order, while the ladder on the
opposite side has never been satisfactory. Steps are being taken
by the State board of fish commissioners and local sportsmen to
remedy these defects. While the steelhead-egg collections were
large, they were not proportionate to the number of fish in the lower
river.
The first runs of fall chinook and silver salmons in Applegate
Creek were nearly total failures so far as propagation was concerned.
Practically all the chinook salmon were taken by commercial fisher-
men, and the silver salmon did not make their appearance in this
field in the usual numbers. Whether this was due to the extremely
low temperatures or was caused by oceanic conditions is unknown.
Collections of steelhead eggs exceeded former records, nearly
6,750,000 being taken; and to relieve the congested conditions in
the hatchery more than 2,000,000 were transferred to State hatch-
eries and to points in the East. Adult fishes, captured by means
of jumping box and trap, were held in the station ponds for ripening,
but the excessively cold weather retarded their development and
they accumulated to such an extent that 5,000 were on hand at one
time. This long retention caused a considerable percentage of the
eges to become “‘glassy” or ‘‘dry”’ and incapable of fertilization.

At several of the Bureau’s Oregon stations where steelhead rearing
operations were conducted, the State authorities cooperated in the
work to the extent of providing funds for the feeding of the steel-
heads to the fingerling stage. This work was also actively supported
by various anglers associations in the State.

The output of the Baird (Cal.) station and its auxiliary stations
for the year numbered 22,748,250 eggs, fry, and fingerling fish, over
14,000,000 being of the iatter classification. There was no run of
salmon in the McCloud River at Baird. The eggs hatched at this
oe were transferred from the auxiliaries, chiefly from Battle and

ill Creeks, which furnished nearly 10,000,000 chinook eggs for
development at Baird and the California hatchery at Sisson. Fry
produced at Baird station numbered nearly 4,000,000, including
67,000 brook and rainbow trouts.

99805°—19——_5

62 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

The chinook-egg collections at Battle Creek were only fair, amount-
ing to 14,293,000. Owing to the high temperature of the hatchery
water supply, the fry in course of rearing had to be liberated as early
as April 11. In May chinook-salmon fingerlings to the number of
13,850 were marked at the Battle Creek hatchery by the remoyal of
the adipose and right ventral fins; the fish were about 2 inches long,
and Aiteough they were the product of the last eggs taken in the fall,
they were apparently in good condition when liberated. Temporary

earth ponds were seed to relieve the hatchery of fry, the young
being allowed to leave them at will.

Between October 24 and December 8, 7,026,000 chinook-salmon
eggs were collected at the Mill Creek station, and several tons of
stripped salmon were smoked and salted as a fish food. The young
refused this food when from 6 to 8 weeks old, and as the water sup-
ply was dangerously warm, the fish were liberated and the station
was closed by April 15.

The silver-salmon run at the Hornbrook hatchery was almost a
complete failure and but few eggs of that species were collected.
There was also a reduced run of chinooks as compared with last
year. Of the 2,940,900 eggs secured, 1,000,000 were transferred to
the rials hatchery at Sisson, owing to partial failure of the water
su ;

te various stations on the Pacific coast and in Alaska, where

the salmon fry and fingerlings were fed from five to nine times daily,
a mixed diet was used. The ingredients consisted of salted salmon,
smoked salmon, soluble blood meal, middlings, spleen, and liver, the
panei ingredient being salted salmon. Owing to its high cost,
iver was used very sparingly and only during the early stages of
growth. Spleen was added for variety. Difficulty was experienced
with the smoked salmon, as generally the fry refused it, and in every
case where it was fed the losses were largely increased. From the
results secured it is assumed.that this material is not suitable for
young salmon.

PROPAGATION OF COMMERCIAL FISHES OF THE GREAT LAKES.

The efforts put forth in the propagation of the commercial fishes
of -the Great Lakes were quite successful. The largest collection of
lake-trout eggs in the history of the Bureau was made, while the
take of whitefish and lake-herring eggs slightly exceeded the col-
lections of last year, notwithstanding that storms interfered with
the operations to a considerable extent in some of the more im-
portant fields. The only species propagated in this region which ~
shows a material reduction in output is the pike perch, and this was
caused by the abnormally late spring, the spawning grounds being
heavily coated with ice at the time when the run of fish thereto
usually occurs.

Late in September field stations of the Duluth hatchery for the
collection of lake-trout eggs were opened up in the vicinity of the
important fisheries in Lake Superior, and during October and Novem-
ber 25,385,000 eggs of good quality were secured and transferred to
the Duluth hatchery. This being in excess of the number that
could be conveniently handled and at the same time allow hatching
space for other species of eggs to be accommodated later on, it was

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 63

decided to turn over 3,000,000 green eggs to the Wisconsin Con-
servation Commission. With the appearance of the eye-spots in
February, further shipments, aggregating 1,350,000, were consigned
to applicants, and from the remainder 14,955,000 young fish were
isiched and distributed, most of them in Lake Superior.

Incidental to the lake-trout collections, 1,785,000 whitefish eggs
were taken at the fishery near Grand Marais, Minn., and these,
together with a stock of 25,000,000 green eggs of this species for-
warded to Duluth from the Put in Bay field, produced 7,130,000 fry,
most of which were planted in Lake Superior.

Active operations were inaugurated in Michigan. waters on October
18 with the taking of the first Jot of lake-trout eggs in the vicinity of
Detour, Mich., and from that time until the end of November daily
collections of this species were made at 1 or more of the 13 collecting
stations operated from Northville. The favorable weather pre-
vailing during the spawning period permitted almost daily attend-
ance at the nets, and as there was a good run of fish the outcome of
the operations was the largest collection of lake-trout eggs in the
history of the Bureau’s work. Out of a total of 86,379,200 secured,
58,889,000 were taken in the vicinity of Charlevoix, St. James, and
Manistique, the yield in the remaining fields ranging from less than
200,000 at some points to several millions at others. Of this stock
32,000,000 in round numbers were laid down for hatching in the
Charlevoix, Alpena, and Sault Ste. Marie substations. About
18,000,000 were furnished green to Federal and State hatcheries
outside of Michigan, and all of the eyed eggs produced at Northville
from the remainder, amounting to 22,507,000, were also shipped on.
assignment to other hatcheries. The eggs in the Sault Ste. Marie
hatchery were turned over later to the Michigan Fish Commission,
while from the stock incubated at the other substations named
14,662,000 were hatched and distributed on contiguous spawning
grounds.

Whitefish spawning operations in the Michigan territory opened
October 24, in the Detroit River, and the last eggs of the season
were obtained on December 26 at Northport, Mich. From these
and nine additional collecting points, located in Saginaw Bay, upper
Lake Michigan, and Grand Traverse Bay, eggs to the number of
95,520,000 were obtained. Weather conditions throughout the
season were reported as normal, but the catch of the commercial
fishermen, at all points was light, averagmg not more than 50 per
cent of the take in previous years. The resulting shortage in the
stock of the Detroit finale was made up by the transfer thereto
of 48,680,000 eggs taken in Lake Erie under the direction of the
Put in Bay, Ohio, superintendent. The entire number yielded
100,000,000 eyed eggs, 60,000,000 of which were transferred to the
Alpena and Charlevoix hatcheries with the view of distributing the
resulting fry on near-by spawning grounds. ‘The remaining 40,000,-
000 were hatched without loss at Detroit, and the product was lib-
erated in. the Detroit River and on other spawning beds in the lower
lakes where operations had been conducted.

The gathering of pike-perch eggs for stocking the Detroit hatchery
was begun April 11 in Saginaw Bay, off Bay City, Mich., and on May
5 in Munoskong Bay, an arm of St. Marys River. From these two
fields 162,150,000 eggs were secured. This number was reduced by

64. REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

losses to 50,250,000 eggs after the eye spots had been developed in
the Detroit hatchery. In accordance with the terms of the lease
granting the Bureau the use of this hatchery, 40,500,000 eyed eggs
were turned over to the Michigan Fish Commission. Part of the
fry hatched from the balance were planted in inland waters of Michi-
gan and the remainder were deposited in Lake Huron, Saginaw Bay,
and Detroit River.

Prior to the opening of the fishing season in Lake Erie the force of
the Put in Bay station was engaged in repairs and improvements to
grounds and buildings and in getting the equipment in shape for
field operations. Preparations were made for conducting whitefish
propagation on the largest scale commensurate with the funds avail-
able; and, in order to save every possible egg, men were detailed to
the various fisheries in advance of the spawning season, in November,
to see that the fishermen were supplied with all necessary utensils
for taking and fertilizing eggs, and to give the uninitiated instruc-
tions as to the proper method of procedure. A force was assigned
in due season to the important fisheries at the west end of the Lake
near Monroe Piers:to install crates for the holding of unripe fish
pending the development of their eggs. However, a severe storm
prevailed during November 15 and 16, just when the fish had com-
menced to congregate in numbers on the reefs and in the shoal
waters around the shore, causing the water to recede to several feet
below normal and starting such a strong current in the Lake that
nearly all the commercial nets were wrecked. The fish were driven
into deeper waters, where they remained so long that most of the
fishermen removed their nets from the Lake, fearing to trust them
out so late in the season because of the destructive effects of ice.
Through the hearty cooperation of the fishermen, 2,218 partly i
fish were obtained and penned after the storm had subsided, and the
egg returns from this relatively small brood stock were satisfactory,
thus redeeming the operations from complete failure which at the
height of the spawning season seemed inevitable.

In other portions of Lake Erie the collections averaged up to the
records of past years and in some instances exceeded them. Of the
eight fields occupied, the largest measure of success was obtained at
Port Clinton, Toledo, and Isle St. George, which yielded 115,760,000,
69,680,000, and 66,440,000 eggs, respectively. The collections from
all portions of the Lake amounted to 357,240,000 eggs, and had the
nets been in good condition after the storm it is believed the take
would have broken all records, as the fish must have returned to the
spawning grounds in great numbers, judging from the quantities
taken in nets that were afterwards found to be badly ‘dna Bee
Assignments of green eggs to State hatcheries and stations of the
Bureau, aggregating 121,700,000, were forwarded direct from the
fishing fields. ‘The remainder were hatched, producing 208,500,000
fine, healthy fry for return to the spawning grounds,

As the Ohio Fish Commission was able to satisfactorily care for all
eggs of the cisco, or lake herring, available in Lake Erie, no attempt
was made by the Bureau’s men to obtain eggs of that species, this
being in accordance with an agreement previously entered into with
the State authorities.

Notwithstanding the exceedingly cold and prolonged winter expe-
rienced in this region, a few warm days near the end of March sufficed

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 65

to remove all traces of the unusually heavy coating of ice on the pike-
perch spawning grounds, and the fishermen were able to install their
nets earlier than for several years past. Rough weather prevailed
during the first few days of April, however, making it impossible to
fish until the 7th, when a lot of eggs came in from the Port Clinton
field. From that time on daily collections were received until the
close of the spawning season on May 6. The weather conditions
during this period were generally favorable, and the results of the
work were satisfactory, -611,250,000 eggs being secured, or about
20,000,000 in excess of any season’s collections on this lake since
the spring of 1911. Green eggs to the number of 166,200,000 were
- shipped on application, leaving 445,000,000 to be laid down in the
Put in Bay hatchery. After the development of the eye spots
52,000,000 additional eggs were utilized in filling assignments and
from the remaining stock 115,500,000 vigorous fry were hatched,
nearly all of which were returned to Lake Erie.

Fish-cultural work at Cape Vincent opened October 18 with the
receipt of small lots of lake-trout eges from Galloo and Stony Islands,
in New York waters, and from the commercial fisheries near Pigeon
Island, Ontario. The collections were interfered with by prevailing
high winds, and, as a consequence, only 762,000 eggs were secured
from the entire Lake Ontario field. To make up for the shortage in
lake-trout eggs for this hatchery, 9,400,000 green and 1,750,000 eyed
egos were forwarded from Michigan. From this stock 6,315,000 fry
were hatched which, with the exception of 179,000 furnished to New
York applicants for stocking interior waters, were all liberated in
suitable parts of Lake Ontario.

During the fall of 1916 arrangements were made by the superin-
tendent of Cape Vincent station to cooperate in whitefish propaga-
tion with the New York Conservation Commission at Old Fort and
Upper Saranac, N. Y., and to collect independently from commercial
fisheries in the vicinity of the station, at Three Mile Bay and Chau-
mont Bay, N. Y.; also on the Canadian side of Lake Ontario around
South Bay. This latter field, which had never before been canvassed
by the Bureau, proved fairly productive, yielding 12,550,000 eggs,
and had a suitable beat been available it is believed the collection
there would have been several times larger. Under existing condi-
tions the eggs had to be hauled many miles overland, then shipped
by rail to Kingston, Canada, and from there to the hatchery by boat,
notwithstanding the fact that the fishery is only 20 to 25 miles dis-
tant from Cape Vincent. The Bureau’s share of eggs secured as a
result of cooperative work with the State amounted to 12,048,000,
and 4,280,000 were obtained from commercial fishermen in New York
waters, bringing the total collections to 28,878,000, or sufficient for
stocking the hatchery without resorting as in past years to the trans-
fer of eggs from outside stations of the Bureau. Fair success was
attained in hatching these eggs, and in making the distribution the
19,550,000 fry produced were equitably divided between the spawn-
pee unde in Lake Ontario and the interior waters of New York.

the course of the whitefish spawning season, which was coinci-
dent with that of the Lake herring, extending from November 10 to
December 5, eggs of the latter species to the number of 115,575,000
were collected and hatched, yielding 82,550,000 fry for return to the

66 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

spawning grounds. Over four-fifths of these were taken in the vi-
cinity of Sodus Point, N. Y., and more might have been secured there
had hatching space for handling them been available.

In connection with the propagation of commercial fishes, the
usual numbers of young brook and rainbow trouts were hatched at
Cape Vincent, the eggs having been furnished from outside sources.

n advance of the spawning of the pike perch in April, trap nets
for the capture of brook fish were set in the Oswegatchie River
within the corporate limits of Ogdensburg, N. Y., with the intention
of conducting spawning operations in cooperation with the New
York fisheries authorities. However, for some unknown reason, the
catch of fish was only about one-third as large as last year, when
operations were conducted on the same stream. ‘This resulted in a
ot men pre decrease in egg collections, the total deliveries at the

atchery amounting to only 21,312,500, or less than one-third the
number obtained in 1916. The fry hatched numbered 10,875,000,
and after providing for a proper return to the spawning grounds the
remainder were shipped to applicants in New York and Pennsylvania.

During the spring of 1917, 31,350,000 yellow-perch eggs were
collected from brood fish obtained by setting nets in the river near
the hatchery and 26,000,000 were hatched. With the exception of
250,000, which were used to fill applications, all of the fry resulting
from this work were returned to the river.

The experience of recent years having demonstrated that pike-
perch propagation could be more successfully and economically con-
ducted on the shores of Lake Champlain than at the established
location on the Missisquoi River, steps were taken early in the fiscal
year to take down the Swanton hatchery and rebuild it on a selected
site at Sandy Point, on Missisquoi Bay. All of the old material was
utilized in the new construction, which was erected on a cement
foundation and provided with a cement floor into which two large
fry receiving tanks were built. The hatching capacity of the new
building was increased by about 100 jars, and an abundant water
supply by pumping was arranged for by extending the suction pipes
directly into the lake. As funds were not available for completing
the hatchery in all its details, only such part of the construction
was planned for as would permit of the propagation of pike perch
Hang the spring, with the view of adding the finishing touches
ater on.

The cold, backward spring and the presence of ice in the lake and
river about one month later than usual were mainly responsible for
the poorest spawning season that has been experienced in this region
for some years. Such conditions have always been found to seriously
curtail the run of spawning pike perch, this being especially notice-
able in 1913, when practically no females entered the river. That
year, however, they were taken from the lake, but durmg the past
spring the fish did not seem to congregate on the lake spawning
grounds at all.

In the belief that the old method of securing a brood stock from
commercial fishermen entailed more expense than necessary, the
station superintendent engaged the services of an expert web worker
from the Lake Erie field for the construction of a trap net, to be
operated by the station force. After a trial it was decided that the
net could not be worked in the river successfully owing to its frequent

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES, 67

obstruction by floating débris. An effort was then made to operate
it on a flat at the mouth of the stream, and here a considerable
number of brood fish were taken. As a result of the season’s experi-
ments with this net it was decided to construct severat more on the
same lines, equip them with proper leads, and depend upon this
method in the future for securing a brood stock, arranging for their
operation in close proximity to the hatchery. Only 39,150,000 eggs
were taken, and the percentage of hatch was somewhat below the
average. However, this is not attributed to the poor quality of the
eges, but is believed to have been wholly due to the imperfect and
untried conditions encountered in the new location. A few fry
were retained for filling local applications, but the bulk of the out-
put was planted near the station in Missisquoi Bay.

The collection of eggs was deemed too small to warrant the resump-
tion of the field hatching operations inaugurated last year at Burling-
ton, Vt. In leu thereof the State Fish Commission undertook collec-

tions from the Lamoille River with equipment loaned by the Bureau,
and the 32,500,000 eggs secured were eyed in the Sandy Point hatchery
and then transferred by the State authorities to Burlington to be
hatched and distributed locally in Lake Champlain waters.

After completing the collection of pike-perch eggs, 20,000,000
eges of the yellow perch were taken for filling applications. The
applicants for this species were so scattered that 1t was found im-
practicable to supply all of them during the short period that fry
were available. Therefore a certain proportion of the fish were
cote in a small pond at St. Johnsbury station, with the view of
orwarding them to the more distant applicants in connection with
the black-bass distributions later in the season.

PROPAGATION OF MIGRATORY FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC RIVERS.

The results of the shad season on the Potomac River were decidedly
encouraging, there being a fair catch of fish and an abundance of eggs
of good quality available for hatching. On the other hand, the efforts
put forth at the Edenton (N. C.) station were practically fruitless, the
collection of shad eggs being the smallest in the history of the Bureau’s
work jn that region.

In advance of the shad hatching ssason the Bryans Point station
was engaged in the propagation of yellow perch. In preparation for
that work, 25 live cars were anchored in the mouth of a convenient
creek for the reception of a brood stock, which was obtained by
making daily visits to the nets of the commercial fishermen operating
in neighboring streams and purchasing all available specimens. In
this way 14,874 were acquired during March and installed in the live
cars, where eggs to the number of 141,740,000 were dropped and
bailed up for development in hatching jars between March 23 and
April 3. Having finished spawning, the brood fish were released in
local waters. The crop of eggs produced 130,370,000 vigorous fry
for return to the spawning grounds.

During the mild weather of early April, shad appeared on the
spawning grounds in numbers, and the fishermen made good catches
until April 8. _ From that date until April 15 cold and stormy weather
prevailed, and the water temperature dropped from 53° F., April 1
to 44° F., April 10. On April 17, when the temperature rose to
54° F., the catch was again good and the first eggs of the season

68 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

were taken. Two days afterward vigorous collecting efforts began,
and were sustained to the close with average collections for the last
12 days of April closely approximating 4,000,000 eggs, the month’s
ageregate being 47,196,000. rape the fact that high northwest
winds prevailed during May and the water temperatures were rather
low for successful work, the daily average of egg collections for the
month was 1,225,000, and the total for the season amounted to
77,580,000, exceeding last year’s total by nearly 15,000,000. Of this
product, 1,899,000 eggs were transferred to the Washington aquarium
of the Bureau for an exhibit, and from the remainder 68,665,000 fry
of good quality were hatched and liberated on the Potomac River
spawning grounds. The relatively large fry production was made
possible ‘by delaying the measurement of the eggs until the second
day after their installation in the hatchery, thereby eliminating at
the outset virtually all that were infertile, injured, or otherwise defec-
tive. The egg-collecting period ended on May 25, and the work of

lanting the fry, dismantlng and storing equipment, and closing the _

aatchery was completed by May 31.

During the early part of the fishing season in Albemarle Sound, the
prospects were favorable for one of the best runs in many years, but
as it turned out very few fish reached their spawning grounds in its
upper reaches and the Edenton station experienced one of the poorest
years in its history. The sound was monopolized throughout the
shad-spawning season by pound-net fishermen, practically none of
whom were willing to cooperate with the Bureau in its efforts to
save eggs. It is customary for these men to fish their pounds during
the morning hours, and as the bulk of their catch is herring, it is
necessary that the nets be hauled at frequent intervals and the fish
prepared for salting. When requested to fish during the hours from
4 p.m. to midnight they objected on the ground that no labor would
be available during those hours for dressing their herring. Only
7,625,000 eggs were taken and 6,060,000 fry hatched.

While satisfactory cooperation of the fishermen was lacking, the
second year of white-perch propagation at Edenton station was an
improvement over the first attempt, the egg collections aggregating
41,925,000 and the fry production 32,625,000.

There was increased cooperation on the part of the fishermen at
the striped-bass auxiliary of the Edenton station, at Weldon on the
Roanoke River, and the operations were highly successful as compared
with results of former seasons. The first eggs were gathered April 23.
Rising water, in conjunction with cold weather on May 5, arrested
collections from that time until May 17, after which some eggs were
taken daily until May 24, when the river had become so low and clear
that the fish departed for deep water and the work had to be dis-
continued.

A feature of the work in this field was the holding of male fish in
boxes at a midway river point for use when eggs were found and only
females caught. Over a third of the eggs collected were saved throug
this arrangement. The ege collections for the season numbered
19,049,000, which yielded an output of 16,137,000 fry for return to
the spawning grounds in the Roanoke River.

The ibe | year’s effort to hatch shad at auxiliaries of the Orange-
burg (S. C.) station on the Edisto River was a failure so far as actual
numbers were concerned. While there was no scarcity of adult fish,

ee

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 69

very few were caught in a spawning condition. Between March 15
and April 30 the production of fry at the Jacksonboro field hatchery
amounted to 145,000 and at Branchville 125,000; both lots were
liberated on the spawning grounds in the Edisto River.

The propagation of Atlantic salmon at the Craig Brook (Me.)
station was prosecuted to the same extent and along the same lines
as heretofore. At the beginning of the year 968 wild adults of this
species, purchased during the preceding two months, were being car-
ried in the station inclosure awaiting the development of their eggs.
By spawning time in October the number had shrunk through losses
in the pound to 887, of which 491 were females. From this stock
3,739,180 eggs were secured, 3,404,258 fry hatched, and 3,028,858
young fish distributed, the discrepancies in the numbers showing the
losses sustained through the incubation and fry stages. The entire
output of this species was liberated, as formerly, in tributaries of the
Penobscot River, the distribution occurring in May. At the close
of the fiscal year 835 adult fish to be used as a brood stock for next
season’s supply of eges were on hand in the station inclosure.

During May and June 28,250,000 smelt fry were produced at the
Green Lake station, the eggs having been derived from a run of brood
fish in the vicinity. The output would no doubt have been much
larger had not a cold heavy rain occurred just at the beginning of the
spawning season, reducing the temperature in the brooks and causing
the run of fish to drop back into the lakes below, where many of them
were badly bruised on the sandbars in their attempts. to spawn.
Fifteen million eggs were taken from a second run, and the remainder
of the collections were gathered on the gravel beds where the fish had
congregated in the lakes. In making the distribution preference was
given to waters in the State which the Maine fisheries authorities are
especially desirous of stocking.

A shipment of humpback-salmon eggs forwarded from the Afognak
(Alaska) station arrived at the Craig Brook and Green Lake stations
on November 17. The eggs laid down at the former, numbering
4,096,000, were in fine condition and the fry hatched from them were
liberated in March in tributaries of the Penobscot, the entire loss on
both eggs and fry during the time they were held amounting to only
~ 134,561. Excellent results were also attained with the Green Lake
assicnment. From the 4,106,752 eggs received fry to the number of
3,950,150 were hatched and distributed, the rivers selected for the
plants being Dennys, St. Croix, Hast Machias, Narragaugus, and St.
George, all of them coastal streams in the State of Maine.

OPERATIONS OF THE INTERIOR STATIONS.

The total number of trout produced for distribution for the fiscal
year, including brook, blackspotted, and rainbow, amounted to
25,411,669, or an excess of 2,298,227 over the output of those species
in 1916.

The brook-trout operations at Leadville station were unusually suc-
cessful, both as to the number of eggs taken and the results attained
during the hatching and distribution period.

The hatchery at Berkshire, Mass., recently donated to the Bureau,
yielded an output of 256,995 brook trout, 179,995 of which were
fingerlings.

70 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

The stations showing increased production of brook trout over last
year were those at Cape Vincent, Clackamas, Duluth, and Nashua.
Some losses occurred at the Erwin station owing to the poor quality
of eggs obtained from commercial dealers.

At the Hornbrook auxiliary of the Baird (Cal.) station, 205,650
rainbow-trout eggs were collected from wild spawners during the
spring.

In an effort to improve the brood stock of rainbow trout at eastern
stations of the Bureau, a consignment of eggs from wild fish, of extra
large size, was forwarded from collecting fields in the vicinity of Boze-
man to Wytheville during the spring, with the view of distributing
the resulting fry to the various rainbow stations in the East to be
reared for breeders.

There was an aggregate output of 10,250,465 basses, crappies, sun-
fishes, and catfishes, this being a slight increase over the 1916 distri-
bution. The yield of black bass was greatly curtailed at a number
of stations by cold weather during the spring which caused the brood
fish to abandon their nests.

The closure of the San Marcos station, owing to the failure of the
Texas Legislature to enact legislation favorable to the Bureau’s work
in that State, reduced the output of the station from 370,925 in 1916
to 90,656 in 1917.

At the Bullochville (Ga.) station a half-acre pond was treated with
quicklime in March for the purpose of stimulating aquatic plant life,
so essential in pond cultural operations. Brood fish to the number
of 56 nested in the pond thereafter, and it is believed that the experi-
ment will have a favorable outcome.

At Odell and Meadow Creeks field stations, in Madison Valley,
Mont., 995,000 rainbow-trout eggs were collected during April and
May, and in May and June eggs of the grayling to the number of
2,800,000 were secured. This work was seriously hampered by high
water, which permitted the fish to escape from the main channels of
thestreams into numerous small rivulets, where they were inaccessible
for propagation. As a consequence egg collections of both species
were greatly curtailed as compared with past seasons. After provid-
ing for the return to the spawning grounds of a sufficient number of —
fry for the maintenance of the stock therein, the balance of the eggs
were shipped, some as eyed eggs on assignment, and some to the Boze-
man station with the view of utilizing the product in filling applica-
tions for young fish.

The spawning season of the blackspotted trout in the Yellowstone
National Park ordinarily extends from the latter part of one fiscal

ear into July or August of the next, the fish on the west side of Yel-
atone Lake usually spawning during June and on the opposite side
in July. During July, 1916, the egg collections in this region aggre-
gated 7,400,000, all of which were taken from fish that had ascended
tributary streams to spawn. ‘The fish were seined from below racks
or barriers that had been installed for their interception, and held in
live cars for ripening. All of the eggs were eyed in the park hatchery
and then transferred, part to various stations of the Bureau, and part
to various State fish hatcheries. In the spring of 1917 the work was
resumed, and eggs amounting to 440,000 were secured from the Soda
Butte field.

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. (a!
PROPAGATION OF MARINE SPECIES.

Taken as a whole, the output of the marine stations exceeded that
of 1916 by more than half a billion fish and eggs. Owing to conditions
over which the Bureau had no control, the volume of the lobster and
cod operations was somewhat lessened in comparison with the previous
year, but the shortage in that direction was compensated for by the
largely increased production of pollock and flatfish.

On. account of the limited funds available and the excessively high
cost of lobsters, only 14,660 adults were purchased as a source of egg

supply for the Boothbay Harbor station, this being a smaller stock by
~ several thousand than had usuaily been secured for that purpose.
The lobsters were acquired and installed in the pound between July 1
and September 30, and during succeeding months they received
the close attention of a caretaker who fed them regularly, maintained
a uniform water temperature in warm weather by opening and closing
the gate valves of the pound at a specified time each day, and guarded
against pollution by the removal of all débris from the inclosure at
frequent intervals. In April the stock which was in the pound was
transferred to live cars at the hatchery until the lobsters could be
relieved of their eggs, after which they were turned over to the Maine
Department of Fisheries.

Those surviving confinement amounted to 10,976, or nearly 75
per cent of the origmal number, which shows merely an average loss,
considering the long term of confinement to which they were sub-
jected. It was found there had been an appreciable loss of eggs
through premature hatching in the pound, and there were indications
that some of the barren lobsters had been stripped by eels, notwith-
standing the vigilant efforts made to prevent this by the regular
setting and tending of baited eel traps. In the course of the year
many lee eels were caught in this.way, but it was impossible to
capture the small ones. On account of the losses mentioned, only
104,445,000 eggs were realized, the average per lobster being 9,516,
or slightly less than that of last year. The percentage of eggs
hatched was 98. The fine quality of the fry is justly attributable,
in part, to the adoption of large, flat, wooden baskets for removing
them from the pound, thus reducing the amount of handling that has
heretofore been required. In the future it is intended to use these
baskets exclusively, not only when unloading the pound but when
making transfers thereto. During the spring months all available
“seeders”, amounting to 237, were purchased and from this source
5,615,000 additional eggs were obtained.

On March 1 fyke nets were set in waters adjacent to the Boothbay
Harbor hatchery, and from that time to the close of April the force
was busily engaged in acquiring a brood stock of flatfish. To this end
new fishing grounds were resorted to, and extended collections were
made in Casco Bay and farther westward by means of the station
steamer. The total number of brood fish obtaimed from all sources
amounted to 7,775; these yielded 1,085,326,000 eggs from which
966,266,000 fry were hatched, a percentage of 89. The fry were
liberated in the usual manner, and in waters near where the fish had
been caught. . .

in past years an experimental shipment of pollock eggs was
made from the Gloucester station by means of the steamer Gannet,

72 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

which was equipped for the purpose with jars, cans, and other appa-
ratus. The trip was completed December 11, on which date 7,381,000
live eggs, out of an original consignment of 34,430,000, were delivered
at the station. In connection with this shipment, and also’ those
made on previous occasions, every possible attention had been given
the eggs en route; the water was changed at frequent intervals,
and the eggs were packed and handled by different methods.
view of the extremely pape results attained, it can only be concluded
that it is not practicable to transport long distances such delicate,
sensitive eggs as those of the pollock. From the eggs received only
3,346,000 fry were obtained for distribution.

During the fafl the superintendent purchased a carload consign-
ment of 6,420 lobsters, had them prepared under his direction for
transfer to the Pacific coast, and personally accompanied the ship-
ment. The trip across the continent consumed less time than in
former years, and the results were very encouraging, there being a loss
of less than 10 per cent and ali of the survivors being liberated im most
excellent condition.

At the beginning of the fiscal year, comparatively small numbers of
lobster and mackerel eggs were undergoing incubation at the Glou-
cester station, and additional collections of these species and of the
butterfish were obtained, hatched, and distributed during July.

Pollock propagation was undertaken on November 1, 1916, under
conditions which it was feared would greatly handicap the work.
The schooner Grampus, whose crew had for 20 years acted as spawn
takers for the station, was assigned to other duty, making it neces-
sary to train a new force of men to take spawn. The results of this
change were noticeable at first, but by the time eggs were available,
in large numbers, the character of the work of the new men had
materially improved. Between November 1 and January 27,
2,081,000,000 eges were taken, and during the height of the season, in
December, when the daily collections frequently reached from
50,000,000 to 100,000,000, and on one occasion to 161,000,000 eggs,
the hatchery became so crowded that it was necessary at times to
plant the oldest eggs in the house to provide room for new acquisi-
tions. The total number disposed of in this manner aggregated

614,530,000, all of which were deposited in open waters off Cape Ann.
One shipment of 34,430,000 was forwarded to Boothbay Harbor -

station and the remainder produced 856,220,000 fry, which were
distributed along the Massachusetts shore from Rockport to Marble-
head. From the close of the pollock season, near the end of Febru-
ary, the weather was too cold for successful ege collections. Durin
that period Gloucester Harbor was completely frozen over for severa
days as far as the breakwater at its entrance, and as the station was
short of fuel the entire force, including the spawn takers, was utilized
in carrying coal from Rocky Neck to the hatchery, using an old sleigh
and small hand sleds for transporting it over the ice.

Between February 27 and April 13, 1917, 92,340,000 cod eggs
were taken at Gloucester, yielding 62,790,000 fry, which were planted
in adjacent waters. In addition 3,820,000 cod fry were developed
from a shipment of eggs forwarded to Gloucester from the Woods
Hole station, during a period of congestion in that hatchery. Hgg-
collecting operations were seriously curtailed during March and April
by the spring freshets. Cod eggs in abundance were available at

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 73

that time, but the sea water all along the New England coast, for
15 to 25 miles offshore, was freshened to such an extent that very
heavy and sometimes total losses occurred when eggs were carried
init. The haddock as well as the cod were affected by it, and many
of the haddock eggs died in transit to the station. The total col-
lections of haddock eggs were 10,820,000, which yielded an output
of 6,720,000 fry.

Practically all of the 340 brood flatfish secured for the station were
taken in tyke nets set during March in Gloucester Harbor, the at-
tempts to obtain additional supplies in Ipswich Bay and in the
vicinity of Salem being unsuccessful. From this stock 191,250,000
eggs were derived and 169,660,000 fry were hatched and planted,
the distributions being made in the harbors and coves of Ipswich
Bay and Massachusetts Bay.

Ratti fish-cultural operations for the season at the Woods Hole
station began with the acquisition of the first lot of brood cod, on
November 21, and from that time until December 1 purchases of
these fish aggregating 3,155 were made daily from commercial
fishermen. This appeared to be the best brood stock the station
had had for sogera years, but from a fish-cultural standpoint it

roved to be disappointing, as the number of makes and barren
emates contained in the lot was disproportionately raw resulting
in a smaller yield of eggs by 48,000,000 than that of the previous
year, and a reduction oF 23,000,000 in the output of fry. Eggs to
the number of 238,630,000 were obtained from these fish between
November 28 and February 25; the height of the spawning season
occurred in December. On one occasion during December the
hatchery became overcrowded, necessitating the transfer of a con-
signment of 6,810,000 eggs to the Gloucester station for develop-
ment. The losses sustained in hatching aggregated 61,642,000, or
about 26 per cent of the stock retained. ter having finished
spawning, the surviving brood stock, numbering 2,648 fish, were
liberated’ on March 1. The distribution of the fry extended from
December to March, inclusive.

In advance of the flatfish spawning season, additional hatching
equipment was constructed, with the view of increasing the output of
this species over that of last year. However, this proved to be impos-
sible owing to the difficulties encountered in securing a brood stock.
Before fyke nets for the capture of this fish could be installed in
Waquoit Bay, ice 7 inches in thickness had to be sawed out, and a
second sawing was necessitated in order to effect their removal. In
other places floating ice, shifted by wind and tide, covered the nets
and rendered them inaccessible. The collections at Menemsha Pond
were greatly hampered by scarcity of fish, despite the fact that more
were available at that point last year than could be accommodated at
the Woods Hole hatchery, and some 500 barrels of flatfish were taken
from the pond by commercial fishermen. °

The effort to obtain brood flatfish in Narragansett Bay met with a
larger measure of success than at either of the other fisheries, not-
withstanding the operations were materially interfered with by the
high winds, which not only put many of the nets out of commission
but caused the loss of approximately 60,000,000 eggs by washing them
out of the live cars where the brood stock had been stored. From all
three fields 2,787 male and female fish were taken. Although strong

74 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

winds were quite prevalent during the hatching season, they were not
from a direction that causes extremely roily water in the harbor.
The losses during the incubation period were therefore light as com-
pared with some years when more favorable conditions have been
encountered, and from the 856,002,000 eggs realized 678,770,000 fry,
or 79 per cent, were hatched.

RESCUE OF FISHES FROM OVERFLOWED LANDS.

The rescue of food fishes from temporary ponds and sloughs border-
ing the Mississippi and Hlinois Rivers was vigorously prosecuted in
the fields formerly operated near Bellevue and North McGregor,
Iowa; Homer, Minn.; La Crosse, Wis.; Meredosia, Ill.; and Friar
Point, Miss.; and a new collecting base was established at Galena, IL,
the returns from which were very encouraging.

Warm weather in August and early ice formations in November
shortened the season in the upper Mississippi River, while operations
at Meredosia were hampered by high-water stages in the Illinois River
during July and August, at the very time when this work can usually
be prosecuted to best advantage. Another unfavorable feature at
this station was the excessive heat almost daily in July, which made
the handling of the rescued fish very difficult. Owing to these con-
ditions the aggregate collections of 8,818,160 at all points were about
3,000,000 less than those of the preceding year. As in past years, the
majority of the rescued fishes were returned to the main river chan-
nels, and a limited number were used to supplement the black-bass
distributions from the pond-fish cultural stations of the Bureau. .

The salvaging of fishes from the overflowed lands can and should
be very greatly extended throughout the Mississippi Basin. The
comparatively ‘slight attention given to the matter by the States
emphasizes the necessity of Federal aid in ameliorating or preventing
the enormous annual losses to which the best food fishes of the region
are subject.

PLANTS IN CONNECTION WITH FISH-CULTURAL EXPERIMENTAL WORK.

In addition to the work of mussel propagation carried on by the
fisheries biological-station at Fairport, lowa, experiments of a prac-
tical nature relating to. the propagation and rearing of useful fishes
are also conducted. The result is the production of large numbers of
fishes, not all of which are required in experimental work, the surplus
being liberated in public waters, usually in the vicinity of Fairport.
The following table gives the number of each species distributed in
1917 and the age at which planted. These figures are included in the
general tables of distribution which appear elsewhere. :

Species. ~ Fry. Fingerlings.| Total.

Largemouth black bass............---- @ cnet es EM cdleease eee 3,525 8,525
ROT Sh Se oo. Mer pind ecto ool elas 5 45, 137
Oranpie. ss. fool. LY oes eos 18,300
Buffalofish j 6, 750, 000
Carp recs acth betes oo. bae hl see womeetec eck eae eee ete ree MA es: 112, 000 112, 000
Catnshh ut st Oot ddeetng Ss pares Cae See LIS: YOR ed on earn pe ents 141

Total 6, 929, 103

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 75
ACCLIMATIZATION.

In continuance of the attempt undertaken four years ago to accli-

matize the humpback salmon in eastern waters and to establish an
annual run of that species in Puget Sound, 16,000,000 eggs which had
been collected near Afognak, Alaska, were forwarded from that point
during the fall of 1916. On arrival at Seattle, about half of the con-
signment was reserved for development at the Birdsview, Quilcene,
and Duckabush stations. The remainder of the eggs were shipped
to Maine, arriving there November 17, and were divided between the
Green Lake and Craig Brook stations. They were hatched at both
stations with merely nominal losses, and the fry were distributed,
in excellent condition, in the coastal rivers of Maine; points of de-
posit as near the headwaters of tributary streams as possible being
selected for their liberation, the object being to guard against the
destruction of the young fish by entrance into brackish water before
reaching a suitable age. The eggs retained at the coast stations were
also successfully hatched and planted.

A number of years ago the Bureau began the annual shipment of
eastern lobsters to the State of Washington, in the hope of being able
to establish this valuable crustacean in Puget Sound waters. In pur-
suance of this undertaking, a carload consignment of 6,420 adult
male and female lobsters was forwarded from Bath, Me., to Ana-
cortes, Wash., in November, 1916. This proved to be the most suc-
cessful shipment of the kind that has so far been made, the total losses
en route being less than 10 per cent. The lobsters, in excellent con-
dition, were planted soon after arrival in the vicinity of Rosario,
Orcas Island, one of the San Juan group.

In November, 1916, a lot of eyed eggs of the ayu, or dwarf salmon,
which had been forwarded through the courtesy of the Japanese
Government, was received at the Birdsview (Wash.) station. These
eggs, which are very small and somewhat adhesive, were transported
in water. En route more than 50 per cent had hatched, and the fry,
as well as most of the remaining eggs, were dead. The few live eggs
hatched within a short time after being removed from the hatchin
boxes, but as the station had no equipment for handling such sma
fry, they quickly passed through the smallest mesh material avail-
able, and no opportunity was afforded to observe them.

RELATIONS WITH THE STATES.

The Bureau’s constant aim and practice are to cooperate with the
fishery authorities of the various States in every feasible manner.
This cooperation is most widely exhibited in the matter of providing
fish eggs for incubation in the State hatcheries, the resulting young
to be distributed under State auspices, and of furnishing young fish
to be similarly planted.

A list of the States to which, on request, the Bureau, in 1917, sup-
pee fish eggs and fish of the species and in the numbers indicated

ollows.

76

REPORT OF

‘

THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

ASSIGNMENTS OF Fish Eacs AND FisH to Stare FisH Commissions, Fiscan
YEAR 1917.

Fingerlings, Fingerlings,
State and species. Eggs and fry.| yearlings, State and species. Eggs and fry.| yearlings,
and adults. and adults.

California: Chinook sal- New Jersey—Contd.

DIOS eb =<. eee HAOAMgOUO! |. 1b sea Steelhead .....-.....3 100/000! | 2.
Illinois: New York: ;

plselk: bass'9.4)5 $22 eee pees eee 7,000 Lake 'trout.. s.2 ese 5,490,000). 2-.eeeeee

Brook trout.........- OL O00)| sie eee Landlocked salmon... 25,000) sa eee

Catfish. 5 tse. fadeeeeallaccn a ek ere cite 10, 500 Pike-perch fry........ 6,600;.000'|-s. 2 en eeeee

Crappies. sete elise eee tee! 300 Steelhead) {so seege ess 500;'000:,)'S: eee

Pike perch J suecestaee 115000000!) -aa- -Sae aes Yellow-perch fry..... 250; 000 222 Pe eeceue

Rainbow trout.....-- ‘500001 | .22 bt Bes sas North Dakota:

SUNASHY. oe pepe nce cman ilincae ee sects 4,000 Pike perch eeeess-iee 3,000,000!) Ase noete

Whitefish ............ D000; OOO ics tee Steelhead 2. secs sen ne ‘100; 0003) ee sees

Y.ollawsperch. 46u-204||. ere os be 250 || Ohio:

Indiana: Pike perch..-.} 15,000,000 |--.-------.. Lake trout......--.-- 600, 000) 42. sceene aes

Towa: Pike perchiifet 22... 73, 600000 || Se syeseee eee
Brook trout: 2s. se se DOLOOO yaeijehess ee Whitefish. .0....<.%4 40; 980,000) 40-pee ane
TAKS RNOUG. So 5260 ce 2 1005000) enc Seeceees Oklahoma:

Pike Perch tse eens 405000! 000)|\t-me=e ere ee Black bass. - ssjss -i-t|cbvee see aaes 70
Kentucky: Catfish:o5.25 es 55+ = |edit 10

Black passtees cote Qualecs tease cece 88 Rock bass .2232s2t2 224]. cad sence 80

Chinook. salmon! fe2.0|t ace soeee eee 6,000 Simfishy 52242: tos. | beer eee 90

OTAPPICR ot 22 roe salen eels Sate nae 2,800 Yellow-perch fry..... 100, 000 60

Pike-perch fry...--...-. 30005000) 2¢.' eae ee Oregon:

Bein DOWALROUteS oo dee |iee ae crete eae 10,000 Blackspotted trout. -- 250 000} seinen 2 ok

Mockibasseust S225 22) CEU eee hg 1,050 Blueback salmon...-. 2; 000, O00 HE Seek eae

Se fSh Hee se. Bee salleeeeee tienes 4, 200 Chinook salmon.....- 163, 900 60, 000
Maine: Lake trots. ee." 15 000; OOO Seema aseeres

Brook trout.....----- TOQKOOO | aerate, Silversalmon!.¢ 2.) Wo-53-5-e8 ee 10,000

Lake trout......-....- 200000) || sscey meee Steelhead) .....5.--<6 1687, B00) oceans

Landlocked salmon... 401 O00) emesomtese= 2 Pennsylvania:

Massachusetts: Catfish..)....--..---.-- 12,500 Makeitrout: << -2= 6 1,000,000) |>=6e ee sre

Michigan: Rainbow trout.....-. 50; 000"|- cee eeeee eee
Grayling 22 soccer is SOMQOO secs ae Pikewperch.. secee eos 8, 000,,0005/2u- Sa eeee ee
Lakeanout ss. sccs2ee 8640, 0004/4. tees. a5 South Dakota:

Pike-perch eggs....-.- 40; 000/000 i)cthiaeniae tee Blackspotted trout... 30000") - feast

Pike-perch fry........ 2;000/000))|/2 2224s saeee Brook (Louth... jos ae-0| soso eee eee 23,150

Whitefish fry......... 250) OO0T (222 Seceen act Pike perch). 2222-2 3-5- 3, 000; 000) iste on
Minnesota: Utah: Blackspotted

Lake trout. cease ace 35 D008 O00 = (i=) ete aera TLOUb: a. Vaee - sesseeo—s 100}000) | 322s ~ a <n

Steelhead ............ POO O00 .Skeee-oeae Vermont:

Wihitensht ss lel es 3 TOD sH00) | come ee ae @hannel catfish: .. 2-0 2}55 20-2 sane 100
Missouri: Rainbow trout O85 4005 toe seas cos Lake troute..2 2-226. 1,500; 000" 22a ee sso
Montana: Landlocked salmon... 40; 000 nest h soak

BIACIADASSE es = se wieas| teers s ose ne 7,500 Steelhead -- 222-2... 200; 000") cne sector

Blackspotted trout... AOO OD a 2ese tase as Washington: Black-

CaUTSHY ees. oe a A eed 2,000 spotted trout......... 200; CO0u| Sear eae

Rainbow trout.....-- OOS ODO! |e artes ane sete Wisconsin:

Wihitefishs. 2025224 300; O0O\esee soetoe ae Lake trout.......-.--. 13;.000,'000: |c 2 sSaeeeaet
Nebraska: Pike perch... OF S00 QUU) io < mercies ae Whitensh ec c.sc0s 5. » O00; O00) | x aeemeer ome
Nevada: Brook trout... THO COO) $22: 222 EGER e Wyoming:

New Hampshire: Blackspotted trout... 300, 000 |icaee seein nice
Brook trout) 2 052--- HO} OOO S232 66% cater WAR OMTOWL £2 osc okie 200) 00Df)Das24.24-% os
Landlocked salmon... 255 00D) 2026-8 eetoe.s Rainbow trout....... 100,000 e-ea et oes
Rainbow trout.....-.-. OOS ONO eJeinepeee ie orate Steelhead ............ LOO; O003 Some ser cctcet

New Jersey:

Rainbow trout.....-.- DO) OOOH saat aera Motale tes ese @ 322, 930, 700 163, 248

Smallmouth black

DAS ose eee) eons Pee 1,500

@ Includes 14,230,000 fry.

The Minnesota Game and Fish Department donated 25,000,000
pike-perch eggs which were consigned to the Duluth station.

CLOSURE OF FISH HATCHERIES.

During the year the Secretary, acting under the mandatory pro-
visions of law, has closed two fish hatcheries, located at Havre de
Grace, Md., and San Marcos, Tex. The Secretary’s action in each
case was based on the recommendation of the Commissioner of
Fisheries, and no date was set for reopening the stations.

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 77

The conditions which necessitated the closing of the Battery shad
hatchery at Havre de Grace, at the mouth of the Susquehanna
River, are set forth in a report by the Commissioner to the Secretary
on January 27, 1917, from which the following extracts are taken:

The possibility that the Bureau might be driven to this step has been appreciated
by you for nearly four years. Each season in that period the condition of the fisheries
at the mouth of the Susquehanna has been taken under consideration with reference
to our fish-cultural work. In annual reports, in special reports to members of the
legislature, in communications to the governor, in press notices to the fishermen and
the general public, and in personal statements and appeals, we have shown the neces-
sity for a radical change of policy on the part of the State of Maryland in order that
the further depletion of once valuable fisheries might be arrested and the abundance
of important food fishes might be restored and maintained. Nothing has been done
to improve the situation. The State continues to permit practices known to be
inimical to the best interests of the fisheries and directly antagonistic to the efforts
of the Bureau of Fisheries in behalf of the people of the State. The future expendi-
ture of effort and money under the circumstances is not only inadvisable and unjusti-
fied, but is clearly forbidden by the following stipulation which Congress has wisely
placed on our annual appropriations for the propagation of food fishes:

“No part of the appropriation herein for propagation of food fishes shall be expended
for hatching or planting fish or eggs in any State in which, in the judgment of the
Secretary of Commerce, there are not adequate laws for the protection of the fishes.”’

The Government has been conducting shad-cultural operations at Havre de Grace
since 1877, and has occupied the present site since 1880. Owing to its favorable
location and the cordial cooperation of the fishermen, the hatchery was able to save
the spawn of a very large percentage of the ripe shad caught for market, and the out-
put season after season tested the full capacity of the plant. In fact, this hatchery
has a record of young shad produced that is not approached by any other; and the
abundance of fish was assured year after year, notwithstanding an enormous catch.
Gradually the methods of fishing have undergone a change and there has arisen a
new generation of fishermen apparently indifferent to the needs of the shad, forgetful
of their own interest, disinclined to cooperate with the Government, and insisting on
the use of methods that are contrary to the interests of the State and of its people.
The legislature, with the weight of evidence and testimony available regarding the
obnoxious fishing methods, would be justified in summarily suppressing them as a
- nuisance; they remain unaltered. There is thereby placed on the Federal Govern-
ment a task that yearly becomes more difficult, more expensive, and more unsatis-
factory to all persons having the welfare of the fisheries and the fishermen at heart.

In the earlier years cited, the average cost of collecting and hatching shad eggs at
Havre de Grace was well under $100 per million. In 1915 the cost exceeded $1,940
per million, and during the past three seasons has averaged $1,216 per million, or more
than twelve times the former cost.

The entire history of the hatching operations on the Susquehanna shows that the
Bureau has spared no effort and expense to aid the fisheries and maintain the supply
of Maryland’s most important food fish. I would favor the resumption of our opera-
tions as soon as; the State gives evidence of a due appreciation of the Government’s
work by the enactment of laws placing proper restrictions on the fishing.

The situation at San Marcos was somewhat different from that at
Havre de Grace in that two stipulations imposed by Congress in
relation to the fish-cultural work of the Bureau were being violated.
The matter was formally presented by the Commissioner to the
Secretary in May, 1917, and the Secretary thereupon issued a closing
order, accompanying it with a public statement from which the
following is an extract:

It is with deep regret that I have been obliged to close the fish-cultural station at
San Marcos, Tex., because of the failure of the State to meet the conditions imposed
by Congress. These conditions are (1) that the State shall afford proper protection
to the fishes cultivated and (2) that the Commissioner of Fisheries and his duly
authorized agents shall be accorded the right to conduct fish-cultural work and all
operations connected therewith in such manner and at such times as they may
a as necessary and proper.

e principal fish cultivated at the San Marcos station is the largemouth black
bass, the most important of the fresh-water fishes of Texas. The Department has for

99805°—19——6

78 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

years been calling the attention of the State to the fact that this species is not protected
during the spawning season, but may be caught and killed even when the parent fish
are on their nest guarding their eggs and defenseless young. Such disregard for the
elemental needs of the fish nullifies the work of the Bureau of Fisheries and indicates
an indifference to the future welfare of the fisheries and fish supply that is in strong
contrast to the attitude of other States. The necessity for amending the local fish
laws was actively urged on the State by the Department during the years 1915, 1916,
and 1917, is acknowledged by the State fishery officials, has been pointed out by
numerous public-spirited citizens, and has received the favorable consideration of
committees of the State legislature. At the recent regular and extraordinar’y sessions
of the legislature strong representations were made to the legislature and the gov-
ernor by citizens, by Department officials, and by members of the Texas delegation
in Congress, but the legislature failed to act.

The other phase of this matter was (a) the assertion by the Bureau
of the supposed right to take fish for brood purposes, rearing, and dis-
tributing, from the head of the San Marcos River, in accordance with
a distinct agreement with the local utilities company, that con-
trolled the water and with a citizens’ committee which acted for the
town of San Marcos, at the time the station was located there in
1893; and (b) the recent denial by the townspeople and the local legal
officers of the right of the Bureau’s agents to take fish from the shut-
off head of the San Marcos River that, from the very outset, had been
regarded as a part of the station’s nursery system. Fortified by an
opinion of the attorney general of Texas, the local county attorney
gave notice that the continuance of operations in the water in ques-
tion would be followed by prosecution of the Bureau’s representa-
tives. The Bureau could not consent to abandon operations it
regarded as rightful nor to subject its employees to arrest, imprison-
ment, and possible fine and conviction, for carrying on disinterested
work in behalf of the State, so the discontinuance of the station was
the only logical procedure.

ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION OF FRESH-WATER MUSSELS.

The usual work in the propagation of fresh-water mussels was
carried on at various points in the Mississippi Basin under the super-
vision of the fisheries biological station at Fairport, Iowa. By
means of this work, together with well-regulated protective measures,
it is expected to perpetuate the supply of commercial mussels.

During the year a total of 252,486,200 mussels in a condition of
parasitism on fishes were planted in suitable waters, as compared with
331,451,490 for the preceding year. This decrease was due to very
unfavorable river conditions and to an unprecedented scarcity of ripe
mussels. While an abundance of female mussels with eggs was avail-
able, it was not until very late in the season that many ‘‘river muck-
ets”’ sufficiently ripe for the work could be obtained.

Five species of commercial mussels were propagated in 1917, of
which the principal ones were the common mucket and the Lake
Pepin mucket. The inoculated fish hosts were liberated in the
Mississippi River off Fairport and in Lake Keokuk, Iowa; in Lake
Pepin, Minn.; in the Black and White Rivers in Arkansas; and in
the Cumberland River in the vicinity of Kuttawa, Ky.

The actual cost of production was 2.72 cents per thousand, but if
allowance is made for overhead charges the cost per thousand was
3.73 cents. In connection with this work 57,839 adult and 921,915
fingerling fish were reclaimed from landlocked ponds in the over-

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 79

flowed lands and returned to public waters. Of the number of fish

rescued 110,603, or approximately 11 per cent, were infected with

larval mussels. The total number of fish handled was 2,039,018.
The following table shows the details of this work:

MussEL PROPAGATION IN THE Fiscat YEAR 1917—Pornts or DeEpostr AND SPECIES
or GuLocHipIA UsSep ror INFECTION.

Arkansas. Mississippi River.
Cum- |_ Ses PMA b
Specios of mussel. rere ‘ Rae ake Pair- Total.
, ; 40 4
Ky. white pints Keokuk,} Pepin, port,
as ny Jowa. | Minn. lowa.
a
Pocketbook (Lampsilis ventri-

BTN mee CS ROO EISCE EIAERCIESE| POE RED RE aee are ene wens cr Joao? S5e82( 8555 Soo esS 1,820,000 1,820,000
Mucket (Lampsilis ligamentina)|4, 699, 000/15, 432, 700/34, 072, 500).....-.-..|-.-.--+---- 76, 805, 500/131, 009, 700
Lake Pepin mucket (Lamp- | |

SLIM MLEGIG wate as a= os kok [ARE ale AER SE ek OE (12, 639, 900)106, 662, 600).........- 1119, 302, 500
Yellow sand-shell (Lampsilis |

MAUNIGTUOLUES se see = 52 tS cial as oa nie. REN COOHD | arches fet SEE SOEs Ser ace 2 ee me Ses | 213,000 247,000
Butterfly (Plagiola securis)....|.......-- 107, 000) ee Pe eee) Ik ae ee a eee Gee shee Sree tare 107, 000

Matai tes terre eet 4, 699, 000 15, 573, 700 34, 072, 500/12, 639, 900/106, 662, 600/78, 838, 500|252, 486, 200

SURVEYS, INVESTIGATIONS, AND EXPERIMENTS.
GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE WORK.

In biological work the year has been marked by substantial read-
justments. These have arisen partly from enlarged responsibilities
and opportunities coming with an increase of personnel, partly from ‘
the fact that some of the investigations have progressed to a stage
justifying or requiring a rearrangement of plans, and partly from the
conditions of national exigency. On the whole, the changes and the
new undertakings have the effect of concentrating the efforts of the
Bureau upon problems of most immediate practical importance.

The climax which came in national affairs late in the fiscal year
necessitated the directing of the usual laboratory and field investiga-
tions toward increased production of aquatic supplies, especially
foods, and toward measures that conduce to a reduction in wasteful
and destructive practices.

STUDIES OF MARINE FISHES.

The oceans, 4s the largest bodies of water, are and must always
remain the greatest sources of food from fishes, and the studies
intended to lay a proper foundation for the exploitation and control
of marine fisheries are of very great importance. The conditions of
study and the complexity of the problems are, however, of such a
nature as to cause marine investigations to be relatively slow in the
mrp deevion of practical results. In the present circumstances, there-
ore, and with the lack of suitable available vessels, there has un-
avoidably occurred a temporary suspension of some investigations
that it would have been otherwise highly desirable to continue.
The tuna investigation conducted off the coasts of southern Cali-
fornia and Mexico has been continued throughout the year, with
results which are not yet sufficiently definitive to admit of conclusions,

80 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

but which seem to indicate the delimitations of the areas of possible
tuna fishery. At the close of the year plans were under consideration
for a more adequate prosecution of this investigation in the hope and

belief that another year would not pass without a definite and prac-

tical contribution to the solution of some of the principal problems
now appearing as obstacles to a continuous and entirely successful
prosecution of the tuna fishery and the industries dependent there-
upon.

SURVEYS OF FISHING GROUNDS.

For a short period during the early winter of 1916-17 the Grampus
was employed in surveying banks in the vicinity of Cape Fear of
whose exact location, extent, and productivity the fishermen have
been unaware. Unfavorable weather permitted the survey of but

‘two grounds. The larger of these lies in 12 fathoms of water 9 miles

southwest one-half south from the Cape Fear River entrance buoy, is
easily found and will support an important fishery for sea bass or
blackfish. The smaller ground, locally known as the ‘snapper
bank,” lies in from 12 to 13 fathoms of water 14 miles west southwest
from the offshore light buoy 2A at the end of Frying Pan Shoal. It
is entirely surrounded by a large area of scattered patches of rock
and affords good fishing when a vessel is allowed to drift over it.

The investigations of the same vessel in the Gulf of Mexico later
in the winter, although seriously interrupted by storms, fog, and
other circumstances, yielded information valuable to the fishery
interests of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Shrimp were taken
in abundance in the otter trawl on mud bottom, in 5 fathoms of
water, off the entrance to Mobile Bay. In February experimental
hauls off the southeast side of Ship Island, Miss., developed a pro-
ductive area at least 4 or 5 miles long on which shrimps were found in
abundance equal to the best fishing off Fernandina, Fla., but with a
much smaller proportion of small fish and trash. Another ground
producing large shrimp in abundance was found in 9 fathoms, on
mud bottom, about 9 miles southeast of Barataria Pass, La. These
results indicate that a productive winter fishery for these valuable
crustaceans may be developed offshore on a considerable stretch of
the Gulf coast.

OCEANOGRAPHY.

The same causes which have contributed to a temporary diminution
of activity in studies of marine fishes led before the close of the year
to the interruption of some of the important oceanographic investiga-
tions.

The Grampus was, however, able to make a series of observations
beginning with a cruise from Gloucester, Mass., to Norfolk, Va.,
early in the fiscal year. The vessel then made a line of hydrographic
stations from Cape Henry to the Gulf Stream and thence to Cape May,
N.J. Going later to Gloucester, Mass., a few stations were made in
the Gulf of Maine, whence she proceeded to Southport, N. C., for
investigations of fishing grounds as already mentioned, and later to

Key West. In the Gulf of Mexico the vessel cruised over the con-

tinental shelf (within the 100-fathom line) from Key West, Fla., to
Aransas Pass, Tex.

Some oceanographic data have also been gathered in connection:
with the tuna investigation on the Pacific coast.

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:

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 81

While the field work in the investigation of Chesapeake Bay closed
during September, 1916, the detailed study of materials collected,
which is necessary for the drawing of conclusions, remains to be
finally completed; however, substantial progress has been made.

SHELLFISH INVESTIGATIONS.

Provided with a more adequate personnel for attention to the
problems of the oyster industry, the Bureau has been able to set
these investigations upon a basis promising and already yielding
greater efficiency and more practical service to the oyster industries.
A provisional field laboratory has been established at Milford, Conn.,
from which as a base the principal problems of the great oyster-
planting industry on Long Island Sound and other waters are being
considered. The problem of finding the conditions necessary to
secure a regular ‘‘set’’ of oysters is given first place, although atten-
tion is given from that headquarters to other important matters,
such as the destruction or damaging of oyster beds by the growth of
the so-called ‘‘sand coral.”

There has been cooperation with the Conservation Commission of
Maryland in observational and experimental work on the growth
of oysters in Chesapeake Bay. Through the Woods Hole laboratory
further attention has been given to the study of green gill in oysters
of Lynnhaven Bay and other localities, and studies of some impor-
tance have been addressed to the nutrition of oysters. The results
of both of these latter investigations have been given out in published
reports. The Bureau has continued to extend aid to the oyster
investigations of Puget Sound undertaken in cooperation with the
University of Washington.

Serious mortalities among oysters or injuries to oyster beds occurred
during the year in regions remote from each other and from distinct
causes in the several cases. Among these was the damage to oyster
beds from ‘‘sanding,’”’ owing to the work of polychaete worms in
building tubes of sand and overrunning, or even smothering, the
oysters; it was most prevalent in Jamaica, Great South, and Hemp-
stead Bays.. The loss of large numbers of planted oysters in Chesa-
peake Bay was investigated and the results were made known to
persons interested. On the west coast of Florida there occurred ver
serious losses of oysters resulting from the depredations of a turbel-
larian worm, locally but improperly known as a ‘leach.’ A less
misleading and more appropriate name is that of “wafer,” which is
applied to a similar pest in New South Wales. This form had not
previously been recorded as an enemy of oysters in this country.

Mortality among scallops in Maine was investigated and found to
be attributable to the work of starfishes, which were made more
abundant by the pursuit of improper practices in the scallop fishery.
Sy a recommendations were made.

nvestigations relating to fresh-water mussels have been continued
actively. Interesting progress has been made in experiments in
rearing mussels under conditions of control since it has been found
that mussels (Lake Pepin muckets) reared in confinement from arti-
ficial infections begin breeding at the age of little more than two
years. A second generation is now being reared from parents which

82 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

were artificially propagated and reared in confinement. Studies and
experiments indicate that the natural food of fresh-water mussels is
made up principally of detritus, which is decayed or decaying animal
and vegetable matter, and that vegetable matter is preferred to ani-
mal. Investigations completed just at the beginning 6f the fiscal
year have shown also that fresh-water mussels have the power of
absorbing nutriment in the form of fats (olive oil) and protein (ege
albumen) directly from solution in the water and through the cells
of the surface of the body (gills, mouth, palps, and foot). It was
possible to determine that the fats, so taken up by the cells of the
outer body walls, were transported through the circulatory system
to the various parts of the body.

Considerable attention has been given to the matter of securin
for the mussels proper protective legislation on the part of the severa
States. Under present conditions, the efforts of the Bureau to propa-
gate fresh-water mussels are not supplemented as they should be by
the extension of a reasonable measure of protection to the young
mussels.

A study of the causes of pearl formation in fresh-water mussels
has been brought to a stage of reporting. There has also been
obtained during the year a.valuable fund of information regarding
the pearl fisheries and pearl culture in the Far East to which it is
hoped to give publication within a reasonable time.

BIOLOGY OF THE BLUE CRAB.

A new investigation of the life history and habits of the blue crab,
although begun only at the beginning of the fiscal year, has already
made such progress as to supply the information most needed as a
basis for the regulation of the fishery and the conservation of the
blue crab, particularly in Chesapeake Bay, the headquarters of the
world’s greatest crab fishery.

The blue crab may spawn more than once. Crabs under observation
have spawned twice in the same summer. The female crabs which
are dredged during the winter are prospective spawners whether or
not they have spawned during the preceding season. The life history
of this species in Chesapeake Bay 1s, in brief, as follows:

Nearly all the young are hatched in the lower bay from the last
of June to about the first of September. The great majority of the
young begin a migration northward up the bay, settling on the bot-
tom when cold weather comes and ceasing to feed or to shed. ‘The
next spring they resume development and their northerly migration.
They reach maturity in Maryland waters, where mating occurs, prin-
cipally during the last of July and August. Mating occurs only once
during the lifetime of the female, but sufficient sperm is received and
carried to fertilize two or more successive batches of eggs. The
females then migrate southward to the lower part of the bay, while
the males generally stay behind, spending the winter in deep water or
in creeks and rivers. About 80 per cent of the adult crabs taken in
the upper waters of the bay are males, and, correspondingly, about
80 per cent of the adult crabs taken in the waters near the mouth of
the bay are females.

I

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 83

Some of the females lay a batch of eggs before or while going south,
but probably the greater number lay no eggs until the following sea-
son. A certain small percentage of the young do not migrate up the
bay but remain to develop and mate in the lower waters.

At the approach of cold weather the crabs settle to the bottom and
are usually supposed to bury there, but it is probable that they
simply lie dormant and occasionally move slowly over the bottom.
Practically all females dredged during the winter, whether or not they
had spawned previously, were found to contain eggs and the livesperm
with which to fertilize them. There is no evident northward migra-
tion of such crabs in the sprmg. Most of the females die shortly
after the last batch of eggs is laid. Crabs mature in about a year,
erowing in size by successive moltings. Mating occurs only at the
last molt of the female, when the abdomen changes from the tri-
angular to the apron form. The length of life is apparently two or
three years.

An investigation of the spiny lobster, an important crustacean and
excellent article of food in the waters of southern Florida, was under-
taken about the middle of the fiscal year, and satisfactory progress
is being made.

/
PROGRESS IN CULTURE OF DIAMOND-BACK TERRAPIN.

The results of the continued experiments in diamond-back terrapin
culture at the Beaufort (N. C.) laboratory were given at some length
in the last annual report. The progress during the past year has
been gratifying, especially in the rapid growth of the young terrapin
hatched in the summer of 1916. The largest individual kept in a
warm house and fed during the winter was more than three inches
(80 mm.) in length of bottom shell. This is believed to be a new
record for the growth of diamond-back terrapin in the first year of
life, and gives further encouragement to terrapin culture as a com-
mercial enterprise.

STUDIES OF ANADROMOUS FISHES..

At the beginning of the fiscal year, two particularly important
investigations were in progress relating to fishes which, though not
alike in structure or appearance, have the same interesting and sig-
nificant habit of leaving the ocean and ascending streams for the pur-
pose of piving rise to a new generation. This lathe is of particular
practical importance because essentially all the mature individuals
of the species are periodically assembled in definite runs in restricted
localities, when they are easy of capture on the one hand and available
for purposes of artificial propagation on the other. It is most de-
siabts that there should be available specific and reasonably compiete
knowledge of the migrations of the shads and the salmons and of the
conditions to be met in protective measures and in practices of arti-
ficial propagation.

Progress was made in the analyses of the data accumulated during
the field studies on the principal shad streams from St. Johns River,
Fla., to the St. Croix River, Me., and New Brunswick, but probably no
stage of completion can be reported until, with a change of conditions,
it becomes again possible to give the careful attention to the elaborate
measurements, comparisons, and analyses which the subject requires.

84 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

A further investigation of the migrations of the Pacific salmon has
been undertaken with the most competent assistance, having special
reference to the salmon of Alaska and the problems of governmental
and private artificial propagation.

INVESTIGATIONS PERTAINING TO FRESH-WATER FISHES.

The Bureau has continued actively the several investigations
relating to the food of fresh-water fishes, both as independent studies
and as phases of the experiments in the rearing of fishes in ponds.
The results of more than two years of study of the habits and food of
the yellow perch have been prepared for publication. A report on the
pikes, comprising most of the known data regarding the habits,
artificial propagation, and commercial importance of this well-
defined family of fishes, has been issued and will prove useful to those
who are interested in the cultivation of the pike, pickerel, and mus-
kellunge, and to whom it is of importance to understand the relations
of these predatory fishes with their less vigorous associates in natural
or artificial bodies of water.

The serious decline in important fisheries of the Great Lakes, due
to excessive and sometimes unrestricted fishing, long ago showed the
necessity for a thorough knowledge of the habits and migrations of the
principal fishes of the Lakes, in order that the regulation of the epied
and the artificial propagation of the fishes might be founded upon suc
a clear understanding of the habits and movements of the fishes that
the maximum in practical results would be attained. It has not yet
been possible to give to this field attention commensurate with the
importance of the fisheries and the difficulties of the problems. A
beginning was made during the fiscal year in the inauguration of a
new study of the systematic relations, habits, and migrations of the
fishes of the subfamily Coregonine, including the whitefishes and
ciscoes or lake herring.

The experiments and investigations in the rearing of fishes in ponds,
which have been pursued in connection with the fisheries biological
station at Fairport, lowa, have continued to yield gratifying results.
While the artificial propagation. of the buffalofish had previously been
shown to be entirely feasible as regards the fertilization and subse-
quent handling of eggs and the rearing of young to a fairly advanced
stage, the effort to have buffalofish spawn naturally in artificial ponds
had not, until the spring of 1917,met with success. The conditions
were varied last season by keeping the experimental pond about half
full of water in the early part of the season and allowing it to fill

radually early in May. A few days after the pond was filled, a few
buffalofich were observed to be ‘‘splashing’’ along the margin of the
pond. Abundant buffalofish fry were observed soon afterwards,
when specimens were collected and identified. Without additional
experimentation it can not be definitely determined if the manner
of manipulation of the pond practiced his season was the particular
effective factor in bringing success.

In the last annual report it was mentioned that, in spite of many
failures in earlier trials, a successful attempt at the propagation of
the channel catfish, or spotted catfish, in ponds was in progress as the
fiscal year closed. As the channel catfish at Fairport have again
spawned under observation in the ponds of Fairport, it seems alto-

ee

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 85

ether probable that this most highly esteemed of all catfishes can
fs propagated successfully in a practical way, by serene a suitable
environment and proper nesting conditions, and by the exercise of
care to separate the jae from the eggs or young at the Spa time.
The fry which hatched in the ponds and those which were hatched from
eggs in jars in the experimental battery grew rapidly, attaining a
length of 3 inches in a few weeks.
ther experiments in the propagation and rearing of the large-
mouth bass and several species of sunfishes have also been in progress.

In experiments in the rearing of fishes attention has been given to
the study of the food of the developing fishes at all stages, and to
collateral observations of the available food supply. Experiments
have also been undertaken in the artificial feeding of fishes in ponds.

During the fiscal year a careful biological and fish-cultural survey
of certain waters of western North Carolina, including the Mount
Pisgah National Forest Reserve, was made and information was
gained that will be of material value in guiding the Government’s
activities in the propagation and protection of fishes in the reserva-
tion.

The fish capacity of artificial ponds or of natural lakes is deter-
mined by physical, chemical, and biological conditions, and success
in the rearing of fishes or the conservation of fishes will be greater it
guided by a proper knowledge of these interrelated conditions. The
subject is one of much complexity and knowledge grows only by slow
stages and patient application. The Bureau has been glad, therefore,
to continue its cooperation with the State Geokowiel and Natural
History Survey of Wisconsin, in those fruitful studies of the biological
and physical conditions in Wisconsin lakes which have a general
application.

In the study of the fishes in relation to the extermination of mos-

‘quitoes and to public health, as supplemental to the broader investi-
gations and activities of the Public Health Service and the Bureau of
Entomology, a satisfactory degree of progress has been made and
further experiments are undertaken in promoting a growth of desira-
ble species of fish in impounded waters.

WATER-POWER DEVELOPMENT IN RELATION TO FISH LIFE.

With progress in water-power developments and a steady increase
in the number of dams in the course of rivers frequented by migratory
fishes, it is unfortunate that there is not more adequate information
as to the conditions under which fishways are necessary and practi-
cable and the types of fishways adapted for particular species of fish
and conditions ot stream and dam environment. As much attention
as possible has been given to the matter during the fiscal year and a
report on the subject was issued. Plans are in contemplation for
more extended field studies during the fiscal year 1918.

The peculiar problems of fish protection in arid regions arise from
the fact that large portions of the flow of streams may be diverted,
into irrigation canals, and, if the fish are permitted to pass freely
eeonen the canals and into the laterals, they must eventually be
stranded in the fields or otherwise lost. An investigation of the con-
ditions in irrigation projects was begun last winter, and a preliminary
report on the subject has been made. The investigation has been
interrupted for a time by the pressure of other matters. |

86 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

At the Yuma (Ariz.) project the fish are excluded from the canals,
because of an arrangement whereby the water enters the canals from
a settling pool through a siphon that is fish tight. Seven miles below
Yuma the maintenance of a dam on the Colorado River for diversion
of water in Imperial Valley, Cal., causes the river bed below the dam
to be left dry at times so that quantities of fish are stranded. The
Salt River project involves a large system, but as the canals and
ditches always contain water there is little reason to suppose that
much damage to fish occurs. The reservoir formed by the construc-
tion of the Roosevelt Dam in Arizona has been well stocked with
bass. Fish are reported to be lost in the spring freshets, when the
water rises to a height of 10 feet or more above the top of the spill-
ways, carrying fish over the dam and through a fall of 225 feet. The
prevention of such losses by the use of screens to hold the fish back
has been given consideration, but the difficulties are very great and
possibly insurmountable.

In California, and especially in the Sacramento River basin, where
large areas of land are farmed by irrigation, large losses of fish would
occur but for the effective work of the State authorities in requiring
all ditches and intakes to be provided with screens and all dams
with fishways. A recent act of the legislature requires the owners
of dams that are too high for a useful fish ladder to build and main-
tain hatcheries. In that State the ‘‘squirrel-cage”’ type of revolving
screen is generally recommended for its simple design and cheapness
of construction, but for canals wider than 25 or 30 feet the parallel-
bar type of screen is considered the only practical means of keeping
fish out. In Nevada a new law effective September, 1917, requires
the screening of intakes and ditches as well as the use of fishways.
Irrigation is extensively practiced in the northern half of the State,

and heretofore countless numbers of trout fry and other fishes have

been poured into the fields.
SERVICE OF THE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES.

The various investigations in progress at the several biological
laboratories at the close of the preceding fiscal year were continued
during the early part of the present year. ‘Before the close of the
year, however, it was found desirable to adopt temporarily a new
policy with regard to the laboratories because of the necessity of
concentrating all efforts, as far as possible, upon the immediate
increase of the aquatic food supply. ,

The laboratory at Woods Hole was not opened for general investi-
gations but a special staff was stationed at that laboratory for work
relating to the improvement of methods of preserving fish. One
investigator was employed for observation of the occurrence of nema-

tode parasites in the flesh of marine fishes, a question which has ~

been found to have a direct bearing upon the marketing of fish.

At the Beaufort laboratory the scientific staff consisted only of the
director and one investigator who was enabled to continue the
important and timely investigation of the protection of wood against
marine borers. The director devoted himself to experiments in the
curing of fish by methods of salting and of salting and smoking. It
had been generally believed that the curing of local fishes during the
summer was not practicable, but, largely as a result of the Bureau’s

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 87

efforts and experiments, several kinds of fishes have been preserved
and the dealers have found a good demand for salted fish.

The fish-cultural experiment work of the fisheries biological sta-
tion at Fairport bears so directly upon the immediate problems of
food supply that the activities of this station have suffered no cur-
tailment, but are expected to be somewhat extended during the
ensuing year. Among the investigations in progress, apart from the
direct experiments in rearing fishes as previously referred to, are
those relating to insects and ‘insect larve, aquatic plants, and para-
sites, as they affect the productivity of ponds or lakes. The results
Bo es ped are already ales in guiding the management of

shponds.

The construction of the marine biological station at Key West was
undertaken during the fiscal year. The pool which will serve as a
source of supply. for sea water, for the protection of small boats, and
for other purposes, has been excavated, and a canal connecting the
poe with the ocean has been completed except for a control gate.

lans for two of the buildings were completed and bids were adver-
tised for in the last month of the year. Owing to various causes,
including the present high prices of takes and materials, there exists
some doubt if a reasonable bid will be received. Meantime, some
scientific work was begun during the winter and encouraging progress
has been made. The study of the spiny lobster has been ie prin-
cipal investigation.

MISCELLANEOUS INVESTIGATIONS AND SERVICES.

There has been an unusual number of calls upon the Bureau for
investigations and advice relating to the diseases of fishes or to the
mortality of fishes in public or private waters, due either to disease
or to industrial pollutions. In as many cases as possible the fish
pathologist of the Bureau, or an assistant, has visited the scene of
trouble, made all practicable observations or collections, and upon
return to the office has subjected the material and data to careful
examination. The most serious trouble of this kind to arise was a
mortality of sea fishes on the west coast of Florida, which has been
described and discussed in a published report.¢ Other serious,
troubles manifested themselves in Chesapeake Bay, Saginaw River
and Bay, and elsewhere.

The Bureau has not only continued to cooperate with the Bureau
of Sous, as far as the conditions permitted, in a study of kelp harvest-
ing in relation to the fisheries, but it has begun a systematic study
of the distribution of marine alge on the west coast with particular
attention to species that may be useful in the industries.

ALASKA FISHERIES SERVICE.

IMPORTANCE OF THE ALASKA FISHERIES.

All branches of the fishing industry, except whaling and halibut fish-
ing, showed an increase in 1916 over 1915, and the fisheries in the aggre-
gate were more extensive and valuable than ever before. The number

a Mortality of Fishes on the West Coast of Florida. Appendix III, Report of Commissioner, 1917; by
H. F. Taylor. Bureau of Fisheries document No. 848. ;

88 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

of persons engaged was 23,994, an increase of 1,532 over the previous
year; the investment amounted to $39,569,612, an increase of more
than $2,253,000; and the value of the products was $26,156,559, an
increase of more than $5,157,000. The yield of the fisheries in both
quantity and value was the largest in the history of Alaska. The
record year, 1914, was surpassed by nearly $5,000,000 in the market
value of the output.

The salmon industry in 1916 represented 88 per cent of the total
investment in Alaska fisheries and 92 per cent of the total value of
products. An important feature of the business was the operation
of 100 canneries, a gain of 15 over 1915. The pack of canned fish
reached the stupendous total of 4,900,627 cases, valued at $23,269,429,
which figures were never before equaled. In southeast Alaska, the
runs of coho and chum salmons were the largest ever known, and the
runs of humpback and red salmons were exceeded only by the seasons
of 1915 and 1914, respectively. In central Alaska there were exceed-
ingly heavy runs of humpbacks and reds, and the fish canned exceeded
by 400,000 cases the high record of 1914. In western Alaska, the
district in which the red salmon predominates, the catch of 19,600,000
fish was but little less than the average for the five-year period ending
with 1916 and was about 3,000,000 fish more than in 1915.

The other important Alaska fisheries in 1916 had the followmg
value of products: Halibut $679,463, cod $518,797, herring $418,076.
and whale $363,721. As compared with 1915, the halibut and whale
fisheries showed a decline and the cod and herring fisheries an advance,

VIOLATIONS OF THE FISHERY LAWS.

Taking into consideration the immense extent of the fisheries, the
vast territory covered by the operations, the comparatively unset-
tled condition of most of the coastal sections, and the strong tempta-
tions that come to the fishermen to take fish regardless of the welfare
of the industry, serious violations of the fishery laws are remarkably
infrequent.

During the 1916 fishing season a number of cases of minor infraction
of the laws were reported by the Bureau’s agents to the local United
States commissioners and district attorneys. These cases involved
fishing during the weekly close period, fishing in prohibited areas,
and using nets within illegal distance of other nets. ta most instances
conviction was secured and a fine was imposed. A noteworthy batch
of cases was brought before the United States commissioner at Haines
in August, 1916. The Bureau’s warden made complaint against the
operators of 3 boats and 28 operators of nets, found fishing in Chilkoot
River and Chilkoot Lake in violation of the weekly close-time provi-
sion of law. All of the defendants pleaded guilty and were fined from
$1 to $250 and costs.

CENSUS OF WOOD RIVER SALMON.

Wood River, a tributary of Nushagak Bay, has for many years
been set aside as a natural breeding preserve for salmon, chiefly
resorted to by the red salmon. In order to keep informed as to the
extent to which the salmon are able to escape the commercial fishing
operations in Nushagak Bay and pass up Wood River to their spawn-

EE eT

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 89

ing grounds about Lake Aleknagik the Bureau in 1908 began the
enumeration of the fish and has continued this work each year since,
1914 excepted. By means of a temporary rack thrown across the
stream near the Jake, the fish are compelled to pass through a narrow
gate and are there counted by agents kept continuously on caer by
day and night, for about seven weeks durmg which time the run lasts.

In 1916, between June 23 and August 12, the number of salmon
ascertained to have gone to their spawning grounds was 551,959,
compared with 259,341 in 1915. The bulk of the fish came in three
distinct waves in July, at the crest of which 57,237, 47,343, and
55,864 salmons, respectively, were noted in 24 hours. Except during
the heavy runs a considerable proportion of the fish showed injuries
attributable to nets, and such fish were somewhat more numerous
than in 1915.

Acknowledgments are due to several fishing companies for assist-
ance which made this work possible. The Alaska-Portland Packers’
Association provided a tug for towing the equipment to the lake.
The Alaska Salmon Co. supplied a boat for use in making investiga-
tions on the lake and the Alaska Packers Association furnished the
entire equipment required for making the count.

A FISHERY INTELLIGENCE SERVICE FOR ALASKA.

In response to a formal request by the Territorial Legislature of
Alaska, the Bureau of Fisheries in conjunction with the Signal Corps
of the United States Army established (in the summer of 1917) a
fishery intelligence service whereby a number of coastal towns in
Alaska are furnished daily (Sundays and holidays excepted) with
the prices of fishery products at Seattle and Ketchikan. The daily

uotations include the prices of the more important kinds of fresh
fish, and on Monday of each week additional information is furnished
in regard to prices of salt products at Seattle and Ketchikan. It is
hoped that the service thus afforded the public will tend to stabilize
prices and to create a more dependable market for the fishermen’s
products.

COMMERCIAL FISHING WITHIN THE ALEUTIAN ISLANDS RESERVATION.

During the past fiscal year 11 permits to engage in fishery opera-
tions within the Aleutian Islands Reservation. were issued to the fol-
lowing persons and companies: :

1. S. Applegate, of Berkeley, Cal., authorizing the packing of not
peed 300 barrels of salmon per annum in the vicinity of Umnak

sland.

2. A. C. Goss, of Unalaska, authorizing the taking of atka mackerel
and red salmon in the vicinity of Attu Island and Umnak Island,
respectively, in 1917.

3. Pacific American Fisheries, authorizing the construction and
pperaticy of a plant on Ikatan Peninsula for the canning or salting
of salmon or other food fishes.

4. Sockeye Salmon Co., authorizing the construction and operation
of a plant on Unimak Island for the canning or salting of tie or
other food fishes.

90 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES,

5. Paul Buckley, of Unalaska, authorizing him to engage in cod
fishing operations on Akutan Island.

6. Paul Buckley, authorizmg him to engage in cod fishing opera-
tions on Unalaska Island.

7. Alaska Fishing Co., authorizing the taking of not to exceed 1,000
barrels of salmon in the vicinity of Unalaska Island in 1917.

8. Paul Buckley, authorizing him to construct and operate on Una-
laska Island a plant for the canning or salting of salmon and other
food fishes taken in the vicinity of Unalaska Island.

9. O. K. Quean, of Unalaska, authorizing him to take not to exceed
200 barrels of salmon in the vicinity of Unalaska Island in 1917.

10. Alaska Commercial Co., authorizing the packing at Unalaska
of not to exceed 50 barrels of salmon in 1917.

11. Andrew C. Smith, of Portland, Oreg., authorizing him to engage
in the business of salting cod and salmon for commercial purposes at
Chernofski Harbor and Kuliliak Bay. 7

All of these LL stipulate that employment shall be given as
far as practicable to natives of the reservation in the matter of carry-
ing on the operations authorized. All permits are revocable at the
pleasure of the Secretary of Commerce.

Two permits authorizing operations within the Aleutian Islands
Reservation have been issued jointly by the Departments of Com-
merce and of Agriculture. One involves the pasturing of cattle,
sheep, and other domestic animals by Paul Buckley upon that part
of Unalaska Island which is south and west of Kashega and Kulliak
Bays; the other somewhat similar operations on Unimak Island by
Andrew C. Smith.

INSPECTION OF PRIVATE HATCHERIES.

In the year 1916-17 there were operated in Alaska four salmon
hatcheries belonging to companies engaged in the catching and
canning of salmon. These obtained .90,136,000 eggs of the red sal-
mon, and hatched therefrom 83,353,000 fry which were planted
in local waters. Under the law the rebates of taxes allowed these
companies, amounting to 40 cents for each 1,000 red or king salmon
fry released, aggregated $33,341.

STREAM IMPROVEMENT.

An important matter in the conservation and increase of the
salmon supply in Alaska is the improvement and development of
additional natural spawning beds. There are numbers of streams
in Alaska, particularly in the southeastern section, which are im-

assable to salmon because-of natural barriers, chiefly waterfalls.

n some cases, also, streams have become choked through the accu-
mulation of timber and other débris. It is felt that much good may
be accomplished by giving the salmon every possible opportunity
to spawn naturally. There are various places where falls can be
blasted out or where fishways can be established, thus opening up
a considerable extent of spawning area which heretofore has been
wholly inaccessible to salmon or which in some instances has been
accessible only at periods of high water. The Bureau ‘eels that at
comparatively sind expense excellent work can be done in bettering

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 91

these conditions. A few streams were improved in this way during
the past year, but the work has been limited because of a lack of
funds. It is hoped that these operations can be undertaken on a
more extensive scale in the near future.

ALASKA FUR-SEAL SERVICE.
SEAL ISLAND NATIVES.

The welfare of the native inhabitants of the Pribilof Islands is a
matter demanding and receiving the constant solicitude of the
Bureau. The attitude of Congress toward these people, as shown by
the safeguards thrown around them and funds provided for them,
has resulted in the gradual development of a community that is
probably better cared for than any other natives of Alaska.

On June 30, 1916, the resident natives numbered 311 (192 on St.
Paul and 119 on St. George Island), and on March 31, 1917, they
numbered 316 (193 on St. Paul and 123 on St. George). The popu-
lation remains nearly stationary, the fluctuations in recent years
not exceeding 2 or 3 per cent. The general health of the natives has
continued good. The physicians and the school-teachers, acting
under the immediate direction of the agents, deserve much credit
for their work in improving sanitary conditions among the natives
and for their efforts to raise the standard of living.

A full account of the measures taken for the support of the natives,
‘their education, and their physical care is given in the report on
the Alaska service for the calendar year 1916.

The act making: appropriations for the Bureau for the fiscal year
1917 contained an item of $20,000 for new buildings, repairs to old
buildings, and other necessary improvements on the Pribilof Islands.
The appropriation became available too late to permit the purchase
and transportation of materials in the season of 1916. Accordingly,
the work of planning for the most important constructions and re-
pairs was taken up in the winter of 1916-17, and a large quantity
of building material was sent to the islands in July, 1917, on the
steamer Roosevelt. The matters to which special attention has been
given during the present season, in addition to general repairs to
existing structures, are (1) the construction of new houses for natives
on both islands, (2) the cons/ruction of a new salt house on each
island for use in preserving and storing sealskins, (3) the installation
of a new water-supply system for the village on St. George Island,
(4) a survey for a new water-supply system for the village on St.
Pe ene and (5) important sanitary improvements on St. Paul

sland.

Careful consideration has been given to the type of house that
would be most suitable for natives. The houses now occupied were
built for the most part 40 years ago, and are small, uncomfortable,
and insanitary. Final choice has been made of a neat, simple knock-
down house, plans for which were submitted by a Seattle firm,
comprising a living room, three bedrooms with closets, a kitchen,
and a bathroom, all on one floor. Four such houses for St. Paul
Island and two for St. George Island have thus far been provided.

The large quantities of supplies annually required for the support
and use of the natives, and of the Government employees on the

92 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

islands, together with the materials needed in connection with the
taking, curing, storing, and shipping of seal and fox skins, were, for
the season of 1917, sent to the islands on the steamer Roosevelt.
This is the first time that the Bureau has been able to employ its
own vessel for this service.

APPROPRIATIONS FOR SEAL SERVICE.

Owing to the increased cost of supplies it became necessary to
devote a larger part than heretofore of the appropriation of $75,000
for the fiscal year 1917 to the Pribilof Islands. During the second
half of the fiscal year the Bureau was forced to limit greatly or al-
together suspend certain activities of the work pertaining to the
protection of the fisheries and the minor fur-bearing animals. Con-
gress has made the same appropriation, namely, $75,000, for the
entire Alaska service for the fiscal year 1918. In the season of 1917
there was a still further increase in the cost of supplies, as was evi-
denced by the return of proposals submitted in May, when the ag-
gregate amount was found to be approximately $72,000. Steps were,
therefore, taken to secure a supplementary appropriation. Inas-
much as the Bureau is charged with the support of the natives on the
Pribilof Islands, it feels that its first duty is to purchase the needed
supplies for that purpose. Unless Congress meets this emergency,
the work of the Alaska service in regard to the protection of the
fur-bearing animals and fisheries must perforce be so curtailed and
limited as to be seriously ineffective.%

CONDITION OF THE SEAL HERD.

A detailed statement of the condition of the Alaskan seal herd
in 1916, with various tables and comparisons with former years, is
contained in the report entitled, ‘‘Alaska Fisheries and Fur In-
dustries in 1916,’’ published in August, 1917 (Bureau of Fisheries
document No. 838, 118 pages). The usual complete census, conducted
by G. Dallas Hanna of the Bureau’s staff, showed 417,281 seals
of all ages in the herd in the summer of 1916, an increase of 14.6 per
cent over 1915. Tentative figures of the census of 1917, also under
the direction of Mr. Hanna, indicated a total of 468,692 animals of
all ages. The estimated number of pups born in the summer of 1917
was 128,024, as against 116,977 im 1916.

These increases in the seal herd resorting to the Pribilof Islands are
regarded as entirely satisfactory and such as are to be regularly
depended on so long as the present conditions prevail. The recupera-
tion of the herd to something like its former proportions within a
comparatively few years may confidently be expected. The natural
mortality among the various classes is now normal; and the only
untoward feature of the present situation is that arismg from the
great preponderance of mature and adolescent male seals as a result
of the close-time that has been effective for five years and oxbinas on
August 24, 1917. It should be the consistent per. of the Bureau,
as it is its obvious duty, in the light of the established biological facts
and economic demands, to so administer the seal herd as to over-
come the existing disparity of male life and to ultimately bring the
herd to a condition approaching that of a scientifically managed herd

sat Congress has since appropriated an additional sum of $35,000 for the Alaska service for the fiscal year

—— ee

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 93

of dairy cattle, where every young female born will be saved and
reared and every young male not actually required for breeding
purposes will be otherwise utilized in the most profitable manner.

SEALS REQUIRED BY SEAL ISLAND NATIVES.

The quota of seals whose meat was needed for food by the natives
of the Pribilof Islands was tentatively fixed at 7,500 for the calendar

ear 1916. The number actually taken and utilized, including the
oa seals which died during the drives, was 6,468, of which 3,483
were from St. Paul Island and 2,985 from St. George Island.

For the calendar year 1917, which up to and including August 24
was subject to the close-time law fixed by Congress, the food re-
quirements of the natives were regarded as the same as in 1916,
although it was of course contemplated that a part of those require-
ments would be met by the seals taken for commercial purposes.

SALE OF SEALSKINS.

During the fiscal year 1917 there were three public-auction sales
of skins taken from the seals that had been killed for the use of the
natives. These sales were conducted at St. Louis by Messrs. Funsten
Bros. & Co., agents of the Department, and consisted of skins that
had been received during several years, there having been no attempt
to dispose of sealskins in the fiscal year 1916 owing to the condition
of the market. The details of the sales are as follows:

Average

. Gross prices | Net prices ,
Date. Skins. received: vaoaivodt 8TOSS price

per skin.

Num-
ber.

DG LEMIDOR 70.0101 Os seco ee elemiaia cai aiela siet= sie sie ela einlic 1,900 $74, 530. 00 $52, 083. 26 $39. 23

Up R TA 2h IOI (2 eget onaee “agen ean penceseenareeponeanee 2, 93, 678. 00 65, 450. 27 46.
Aggies TG esos sbboosccneaoaSSOSUeronsr—Se0bSCcC0r 1,500 68, 540. 50 48, 259. 65 45. 69

Cur Pd aes balls EUs Lee eee hence © BNO Lt 5,400 | 236,748.50 | 165,793.18 43. 84

All of the foregoing skins were dressed, dyed, and machined before
being offered for sale, and were thus ready to be made into garments.
This is the newest feature of the sealskin industry as established in
America by the Department. The financial results have been such
as to fully justify the agreement whereby the Government paid $10
apiece for the skins thus treated, and the buyers have expressed
great satisfaction that they were able to obtain finished goods,
whereas under the conditions formerly prevailing they would have
been obliged to undergo the delay, the uncertainty, and the greatly
increased expense of having their raw skins shipped to London and
reshipped to America before any use could be made of them. It
is impossible to state just what monetary benefit the Government
has derived from this arrangement, but some data afforded by the
April sale were very suggestive. On that occasion there were sold
at public auction, under the same conditions that attended the sale
of 1,500 dyed and dressed Alaskan skins, 1,553 raw skins taken from
the Robben Island seals under the supervision of the Japanese

99805°—19——7

94. REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

Government; the Japanese skins were of essentially the same quality
as the Alaskan, and whereas the former brou ht on an average
$25.84 per skin, the latter, as already stated, brought $45.69 per
skin, an increase of $19.85 after allowing for the cost of preparation.

All branches of the fur-seal industry have thus become firmly
established in America through the action of the Department, and
not only Alaskan skins but skins from seal herds in the custody of
other governments are finding their markets here.

BRANDED SEALS.

The 5,228 fur-seal pups branded on the Pribilof Islands in 1912
have continued to afford valuable data bearing on the relation of
age to size and growth. These data supply the most authentic and
only conclusive evidence on this much-discussed subject. _

During the season of 1916 numbers of these branded seals—both
male and female—were observed in drives and on the rookeries.
On St. George Island, in the period from June 9 to August 10, 1916,
there were noted in various drives 198 male seals bearing the 1912
brand and therefore 4 years old; 30 of these were taken for accurate
measurement. Branded seals were noted in nearly every drive of
bachelors and in considerable numbers among the cows in the harems.
On St. Paul Island 44 branded males were taken for examination.
The foregoing examples were included in the 1916 shipment of skins
and were classified by the experts in St. Louis as follows, the designa-
tion being in accordance with the long-established and universally
recognized London standard:

Number.

Smal Pipa. 5 cle lic c 2's ciel g Pb hts ek a Abit aie es =o ere ee ee er 2
Mid@aino pi. 2265. U0 e ee ee aside Sa Selle banc ae ee oe er d
Leo ho 10 0 een ie) eae ts aE Se PR PIR See Me Rei 22
MA Gs 2 RS ec late etn als Se cre cae erbecha ately oye tc tM aratererte me let ete tear i ae 27
Madd ling. 0.2 O40 20. os ests (dee opi ebien. seiglemiee th pe ot cee a 4
Middlitio-and small oo fo. be Sed. dete oo tienes ~ heen nc oe 15
RGA beers oo tain ie us aE ee ae Seid a wectaas Soe teed mem came POPPIN si. - 74

The variations in the size of seals of the same age are clearly shown
in this statement. The 74 skins from seals known to be 4 years old
fall into six trade categories, with ‘large pups” and “small’’ predom-
inating. The trade names applied to sealskins have come to mean
so litt] and are so misleading that a new classification would seem
to be demanded.

UTILIZATION OF WASTE PRODUCTS OF 'FHE SEALING INDUSTRY.

With the exception of limited quantities of seal meat required by
the native inhabitants of the Pribilof Islands, practically the entire
carcass of the fur seal after the removal of the skin has up to this
time been discarded. During the close time, with its restricted take
of seals, this waste of useful material has not been serious, but with
the resumption of commercial sealing it will become the duty of the
Bureau to endeavor to find a practicable way of utilizing the seal
carcasses and of thus making the fur-seal service still more of a
revenue producer to the Government. The difficulties connected

‘

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 95

with the profitable exploitation of this waste material are the cost
of transportation, the absence of harbors, and the uncertainty attend-
ing the landing and loading of equipment and products. To this
matter, to which considerable attention has already been given, the
Bureau will devote still further effort looking to the conduct of the
work either by private firms under contract or by governmental
agency.

mA eis legacy of the old times, when 5,000,000 pounds of seal
carcasses were frequently allowed to rot on the killing grounds in a
single year, is the accumulation of bones. No use was ever made of
this important fertilizer, and it has remained for the past year to
record the first attempt to secure the commercial utilization of seal
bones.

The Bureau has conducted considerable preliminary work to
determine the extent and value of the seal-bone accumulations,
and has interested numerous individuals and firms in the matter.
In the summer of 1916 a considerable quantity of bones was collected
and sent down on the supply ship; and samples of this shipment in
lots of 50 to 300 pounds were, on request, sent to various persons for
examination. An analysis made by the Bureau of Soils, Department
of Agriculture, showed that these bones, some of the samples of
which were from seals killed many years ago, have valuable fertilizing
properties, containing from 24.85 to 25.26 per cent of phosphoric acid
age from 4.57 to 4.80 per cent of nitrogen. A report received from
the islands indicated hat the bone deposits actually in sight repre-
sent about 6,000 tons, with a number of killing grounds not Aa uit
and it has become apparent that, notwithstanding the skepticism and
scoffiing of certain persons who had formerly been on the islands,
there exists in these bones a valuable resource which should be put
on the market, especially at this time when the supply of fertilizers
has been reduced i the war.

Some of the bones, resulting from the most recent killings, are on
the surface, but most of them have become overgrown with grass and
are covered with earth and sand. During the past year the natives
have been employed, at such time as their other labors would permit,
in collectin Goes Owing to the frozen state of the ground, the
work of gathering bones is mostly confined to the at from May
to November. ‘This coincides with the active sealing season when
every able-bodied native must devote considerable time, and some of
them all the time, to sealing operations, the landing of supplies, the
shipment of skins, and occasionally to important construction work.
For these reasons the quantity of bones that would otherwise have been
available in the season of 1917 was curtailed, but nevertheless several
hundred tons were gotten ready and will be shipped as opportunity

is offered. The poor roads on the islands hinder the transportation
of bones from the deposits to the villages, but the situation is being
improved, and a light motor-truck equipment is being provided to
facilitate this work. Bone crushers have been sent to the islands so
_that bones may be ground and thus be put in compact form to save
‘Space in transportation.
_. After considerable correspondence and negotiation with various
persons and companies in regard to the utilization of the bone deposits
on the Pribilof Islands, the Bureau early in July, 1917, accepted an
offer made by a Seattle firm to pay $30 per ton for 300 tons or less

96 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

delivered f. 0. b. vessel at dock in Seattle. A similar offer may be
expected for all the bones that may be obtainable in the next few
years.

Arrangements are being made so that all other by-products result-
ing from the taking of fur-seal skins will be utilized. It is expected
that use can be made of all seal gullets, which have been found to
be convertible into a good grade of light leather suitable for special

urposes. Experiments are now under way to use the intestines
or casings. e blubber is being saved for use in dressing the skins.
A small canning outfit was sent to the islands in the summer of 1917
with a view to determining the feasibility of canning seal meat, of
which a quantity far in excess of the natives’ needs will hereafter be
available. A considerable quantity of the waste products resulting
from sealing operations will be required for feeding the fox herd on
St. George Island, where the supply of natural food during the winter
is very limited.

Careful consideration is now being given the plan of installing a
small plant at the Pribilof Islands for the purpose of preparing oil
and fertilizer or other products from the excess refuse material
resulting from the seal killings. This matter will be definitely
worked out before another season, so that there will be no loss of
any part of the seal products. This is a distinct advance over con-
ditions which existed at the Pribilof Islands when commercial killing
was in progress years ago, for at that time there was no effort to
make use of any part of the seal except its pelt.

In anticipation of He sealing operations and the necessity of |

employing the best methods in taking, curing, and caring for the
skins of fur seals, and also of blue foxes, an arrangement was made
with Messrs. Funsten Bros. & Co. whereby there were sent to the
islands in the season of 1917 two experienced seal men from New-
foundland and two expert sealskin handlers from St. Louis. These
men are to cooperate with the agents, instruct the natives, and
bring into closer relation than heretofore the seal fishery and the
sealskin trade.

BLUE FOXES AND REINDEER ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

In September, 1916, the skins of blue and white foxes that had
been taken on the Pribilof Islands in the preceding winter were sold
at public auction in St. Louis. The extraordinary prices received
for blue-fox skins in the 1915 sale were not obtained in 1916. The
best lots brought $113, $125, $128, and $135 per skin, the average
for the entire collection of 420 being $48.20. e 20 white-fox skins
brought $14.25 each. The gross receipts from this sale were $20,527.

During the winter of 1916-17 the foxes on St. George Island were
found to be unusually numerous, and there was a noteworthy increase
in the number of pelts obtained. The take of 417 blue-fox skins and
2 white-fox skins left an ample reserve, 413 foxes having been marked
and released, while many unmarked animals were known to be on
the island at the end of the trapping season. The pelts obtained
on St. Paul Island numbered 150 hues and 37 whites. These skins,

numbering 606, were sent to Seattle on the steamer Roosevelt in |

August, 1917.

|

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 07

In compliance with a request from the Bureau of Biological Sur-
vey, Department of Agriculture, there were furnished from the
Pribilof Islands six pairs of blue foxes for an experimental fox farm
located in New York. The foxes were captured on St. George
Island, taken to Seattle on the supply steamer, and delivered to an
agent of the Department of Agriculture; two of the animals died en
route.

From the small number of reindeer placed on the seal islands in
1911, there has grown a herd which in August, 1916, numbered
about 196 animals of all ages. A few of the males have been appro-
priated for the food purposes of the natives, and plans have been
made for increasing the usefulness of the reindeer to the natives.

VESSEL FOR THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

St. Paul and St. George Islands, which are the two important
islands of the Pribilof group, are approximately 40 miles apart. At
present there is no safe means of getting from one island to the other
except upon the infrequent occasions when a Coast Guard cutter
happens to be in the vicinity or the Bureau’s supply steamer Roose-
velt is making a regular trip. These islands are practically in the
center of Bering Sea and are exposed to heavy storms, hence the
small launches now in use are altogether unsuited and unsafe for
this journey between the islands. It is therefore felt that a stanch
vessel at least 75 feet in length and about 18 feet in breadth, and
powered with an internal-combustion engine of at least 125 horse-

ower, should be secured for use at the islands. This vessel should

e of the type which has been developed as the most satisfactory
form of cannery tender for use in the exposed waters of Alaska,
capable of riding out a gale when necessary.

A tender of this character for the islands is very much needed for
the transportation of persons, especially at the time when the im-
portant work of the fur-seal census is in progress, and it is also
needed for the transportation of supplies from one island to the
other. It is required for occasional trips to Unalaska, the nearest
town, 250 miles distant. With the resumption of commercial sealing
operations next season, such a vessel will be very valuable in handling
the increased take of fur-seal skins and other products, particularly
in the matter of lightering cargo to the ship, which must anchor
some distance offshore. A tender of this type may also be very
Beporant for use at times as an auxiliary in guarding the fur-seal

erds.

It is therefore recommended that Congress be asked to authorize
the construction or purchase of a vessel of this character for the
purposes stated, and an item to this end has been inserted in the
estimates of appropriations for 1919.

SEALSKINS TAKEN BY ABORIGINES.

Under certain restrictions Indians, Aleuts, and other aborigines
dwelling on the Pacific coast of North America north of the thir-
tieth parallel of north latitude may hunt fur seals. Primitive
methods of capturing seals are enjoined by law and treaty and the

98 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

annual take of skins by the aborigines residing in the United States
is quite small. From communications which the Bureau receives
from time to time, it is evident that some fur-seal skins are bein
taken by Indians in British Columbia. No information is at han
to indicate that any considerable number of seals were taken by
Alaskan natives in the calendar year 1917. A few skins are known
to have been taken in the vicinity of Sitka, Alaska, by Indians in
the spring of 1917, the seals having been speared, and it is reported
that the natives still have these skins and understand that they
must be authenticated if they are to become items of trade. In
May and June, 1917, certain Indians of the State of Washington
engaged in fur-seal hunting. The Bureau again secured, through
the Department of the Interior, the cooperation of Dr. C. L. Woods,
superintendent and physician in the United States Indian Service at
Neah Bay, Wash., in the matter of authenticating theskins. To date
(Aug. 17) the Bureau has received from Dr. Woods certificates in
regard to 513 of these skins. These certificates indicate that all
were speared from canoes and that 211 were taken from male seals
and 302 from females.

MINOR FUR-BEARING ANIMALS OF ALASKA.

WORK OF THE WARDENS.

The force of wardens was active in the season of 1916-17, and was
located as advantageously as possible with reference to the trapping
operations. The shortage of funds for this service, occasioned by
the greatly increased cost of supplies for the Pribilof Islands, re-
stricted the movements of the wardens and impaired the efficiency
of the service.

There have been several complaints and prosecutions for violations
of the fur-bearing-animal laws and regulations of Alaska. Notwith-
standing that strong evidence was submitted in the cases taken to
court, no convictions resulted. The general sentiment, particularly
in the sparsely populated and remote districts, is such that convic-
tions for violations of the fur-bearing-animal laws and regulations
are secured only with the greatest difficulty. In addition, a number
of investigations have been made of btap ladies of alleged poisoning
and illegal trapping.

REGULATIONS.

No new regulations governing the taking of fur-bearing animals
were issued during the season 1916-17.

In connection with the total prohibition of the killing of martens
for a period of five years from March 15, 1916, it has developed that
certain trappers wished to retain possession of skins legally taken;
and in order that no injustice might be done the owners of such
skins, when they desired to ship them, arrangements were made for
recording all these pelts that 1t was preposed to hold in Alaska after
November 15, 1916. All shipments of marten skins from Alaska
after that date will be checked against the records thus obtained.
The Bureau has received 58 such reports, covering 3,031 pelts.

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 99

For some years the Post Office Department has aided the Depart-
ment of Commerce in obtaining statistics of the furs shipped from
Alaska by mail. An order of the Postmaster General dated May 4,
1917, published in the Postal Guide for June, reaffirmed the policy
of cooperation and made certain changes in instructions to post-
masters which will undoubtedly result in an improved service. The
new order became effective October 1, 1917.

FURS SHIPPED FROM ALASKA.

Statistics compiled by the Bureau indicate that during the period
from November 16, 1915, to November 15, 1916, the value of the
furs shipped from Alaska was $911,244, exclusive of the fur-seal and
fox skins from the Pribilof Islands, as against $400,532 in the pre-
ceding similar period. The leading fur bearers of the Territory are
foxes, lynxes, minks, muskrats, and land otters. In 1916 there was
a noteworthy increase in the number and value of most of the im-
portant pelts shipped to market. The number of lynx pelts was
21,608 against 9,374 in 1915, and the average price advanced from
$8 to $12. The number of red-fox skins increased from 11,770 to
15,711, and the average price increased from $8 to $12. Over 101,000
muskrat skins came out in 1916 against less than 33,000 in the pre-
vious year. The shipment of mink skins fell off slightly but the
average value advanced 100 per cent.

FUR FARMING IN ALASKA.

Although Alaska is well known as a producer of furs, it is not
believed that its possibilities for fur farming, particularly the breed-
ing of foxes, have been generally appreciated or recognized. There
are various sections where it has been demonstrated that such oper-
ations may be conducted successfully. For several years past there
have been a number of fur farms in operation on the Tanana and
Yukon Rivers. The Copper River district is another section where
fur farming has been prosecuted with a considerable measure of
success. Still another region which has proved suitable is the Chilkat
Valley in southeastern Alaska. Fur farming has also been conducted
for many years on islands, particularly in the Afognak-Kodiak region,
and islands to the westward, including the Shumagin Group.

In southeastern Alaska a number of islands have been devoted to
fur farming, but except in one or two instances operations have not
been successful. As in the case of other islands elsewhere in Alaska,
this appears to have been due to the impression that it was only
necessary to release a few pairs of foxes upon an island and in due
time reap an easy harvest of pelts. In some cases even this indiffer-
ent method was moderately successful, but real success in the propa-
gation of foxes on islands in Alaska has occurred only where intelli-
gent supervision has been given. There has been a notable improve-
ment along this line in recent years. It is now the custom on some
of the islands and in all cases of fur farms on the mainland to con-
struct carefully designed wire inclosures, or corrals, where the animals
are subject to that attention which experience has demonstrated to
be essential to success. There appears to be no reason why Alaska

100 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

should not assume a much more important réle than heretofore in
the business of fur farming.

At the end of the fiscal year 1917 four islands were under lease by
the Department for the propagation of fur-bearing animals. These
were Middleton, Simeonof, Little Koniuji, and Marmot Islands. The
lease of Carlson Island was canceled November 22, 1916, and Marmot
Island was leased for five years, beginning September 1, 1916, at $200
Pee year. Negotiations have been pending for the lease of Pearl

sland.
MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS.

SPECIAL CONSTRUCTIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS.

No new hatcheries or laboratories were authorized during the
fiscal year but a number of special appropriations became available
for improvements at several stations, and construction work was also
in progress at various stations under former appropriations.

t Key West, Fla., the site of the marine RES laboratory
authorized some years ago, a salt-water reservoir, 40 by 45 feet, has
been excavated together with a canal 210 feet long connecting the
reservoir with the open bay. The canal is to be provided with
gates, and an ample supply of pure sea water is assured. Part of
the foundation for the laboratory has been constructed, and plans
and specifications for a residence building and pump house with
provisional laboratory have been prepared and bids for their con-
struction have been solicited. An additional appropriation of
$25,000 has been made, but it is evident that, under existing condi-
tions, the amount provided is inadequate for the completion of an
acceptable laboratory.

At the Louisville (Ky.) station, the construction work has included
six concrete rearing ponds 8 by 20 feet, an earth pond 79 feet square
for growing aquatic plants and minute animal food for young fish,
and supply and drainage pipes. With the exception of a fence, this
station 1s regarded as complete.

At the Springville (Utah) station, a hatchery and asuperintendent’s
dwelling have been built. The hatchery, 34 by 97 feet, contains
120 troughs, with ample office, storage, and other rooms. The
dwelling is a frame structure with 8 rooms and modern conveniences.

The old wooden flume for supplying water to the Duluth (Minn.)
hatchery has been replaced by an iron pipe line.

Bids within the limits of the several appropriations for a retaining
basin for brood fish at the Gloucester (Mass.) hatchery, for a lobster-
rearing plant for New England, and for two new steel fish-distribution
cars have not as yet been obtained.

The title to the property on Block Island, R. I., selected for a
fish-cultural station as authorized by the act of Congress approved
June 23, 1913, was found, on investigation, to be somewhat involved,
and it was necessary, in accordance with the State law, to obtain
from the probate court of the town of New Shoreham permission
to sell the property. This was granted by decree of the court on
October 2, 1916. The Legislature of the State of Rhode Island, in
1909, ceded to the town of New Shoreham all control over the waters
within 1 mile of the shore of Block Island and granted the electors
of that town authority to enact ordinances to protect and regulate

REPORT OF -THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 101

the taking of fish in Great Salt Pond. The act of the State legislature

ranting certain privileges to the United States Commissioner of
eerie, approved by the governor of Rhode Island on May 11,
1914, therefore does not apply to the waters adjacent to the property
selected on Block Island. In order to cover this privilege, the town
council of the town of New Shoreham on June 20, 1917, passed the
following resolution:

Resolved, That the United States Commissioner of Fisheries and his agents be and
they are hereby granted unrestricted right to fish in the waters adjacent to Block
Island and the right to conduct fish-cultural operations in any manner, at any time
that may by them be considered necessary and proper, together with the right to
fence in the small cove [adjoining the property selected] and the exclusive right to the
use of this cove.

The Government, however, has not been able to accept the deed to

the property as the State of Rhode Island has no law which cedes
jurisdiction to the United States over the land which the Government
may acquire for fish-cultural purposes. The governor of the State
has been requested to assist in procuring the passage of such an act
by the legislature during the next session, which meets in January,
1918. ;
At the Clackamas (Oreg.) station a new salmon hatchery was con-
structed with an appropriation that was made available in 1914.
The structure is 58 by 100 feet. Its lighting is rendered almost per-
fect from white inside finish and 43 prism-glass windows. Other new
buildings provided at this place were a combination carpenter shop
and woodshed, 20 by 40 feet, a garage and lumber storage combina-
tion 22 by 30 feet, a pump house 12 by 18 feet, and a paint house 9 by
15 feet. All new buildings are on concrete foundations and so con-
structed that decaying floors can not affect the walls or other parts.
The station is practically new and highly attractive in appearance.
A new water system was installed with two electrically driven pumps,
which are apse units. Their combined delivery is 1,600 gallons
per minute, the discharge being into an excavated reservoir of 210,000
gallons capacity.

Taking advantage of the lull in fish-cultural operations at the Mich-
igan stations during the first three months of the fiscal year, important
repairs and improvements were made to the water supply and pond
system at Northville, a special appropriation for the purpose having
been obtained. The work included the grading and enlargement of
the spawning space in two of the bass ponds, replacing 487 hnear feet
of old vitrified sewer crock connecting the dam and the water-supply
reservoir with 16-inch iron pipe, and repairs to the retaining wall pro-
tecting the water-supply system.

\

CONSTRUCTION, REPAIR, AND MOVEMENTS OF VESSELS.

The act providing appropriations for the support of the Bureau for
1917 contained an item of $10,000 for two motor boats for the Alaska
fishery patna Bids for the construction of these boats were opened
at Seattle on December 5, 1916, seven proposals being received. The
contract was awarded to a local firm, the work began at once, and the
boats were completed and accepted on May 10,1917. The contract
price was $9,352, and the entire cost, including plans and inspection,
was $9,702.70. The boats resemble the type of boats used in the purse-

102 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

seine fishery for salmon, carry a crew of three men, and have accom-
modations for two fishery agents. They are 48 feet long and 124 feet
beam, draw 5} feet of water, are lighted by electricity, are driven by
25 horsepower distillate engines, and have a normal speed of 84 knots
per hour. The fuel tanks have a capacity of 600 gallons, giving a
radius of action of about 3,000 miles. The new boats, which have
been named the Auklet and the Murre, after two common water birds
of the Alaskan coast, left Seattle on July 7 for Alaska, reported at
Wrangell on July 12, and immediately entered on fishery patrol work
in southeast Alaska.

The steamer Halcyon, provided for the Boothbay Harbor station
and described in last year’s report, was launched November 30, 1916,
and finally completed and accepted by the Bureau May 3, 1917. The
vessel was immediately transferred to the Navy.

The steamer Albatross during the early part of the fiscal year contin-
ued the tuna investigation along the California coast until November
23, when she proceeded to San Francisco, arriving November 26.
Soon afterward she was docked to ascertain what repairs and over-
hauling were necessary. A deficiency appropriation of $10,000 be-
coming available on May 2, the vessel was taken to Mare Island Navy
Yard where the work was undertaken. During the year the vessel
cruised 4,833 miles, using 717.9 tons of coal at a cost of $7,273.44.

The steamer Fish Hawk was engaged in fishery investigations in
Chesapeake Bay, making trips at intervals from July 1, 1916, to
March 22, 1917, since which time she has been chiefly on naval duty.
Before the vessel can be used for any outside work, considerable
repairs to the hull are necessary, and new engines should be provided.
During the year the vessel, while employed in the service of the
Bureau, cruised 681 miles, using 581 tons of coal at a cost of $1,659.47.

The steamer Roosevelt sailed on January 23, 1917, from Norfolk en
route to Seattle, where she arrived April 23, having been detained at
Guantanamo over a month on account of the international situation
and at Balboa nearly three weeks for repairs. At the end of the year
she was ready to transport supplies to the Pribilof Islands.

The auxiliary schooner Grampus was engaged from July 18, 1916,
to April 24, 1917, in oceanographic and other investigations on the
Atlantic coast and fishery investigations in the Gulf of Mexico. In
April the vessel reached Washington, and sailed thence on May 15 for
Gloucester, Mass. Defects have developed in the hull of the Grampus
incident to age and very active and continuous service, and the ques-
tion is being considered as to whether the expense of rebuilding is
warranted. The vessel is of an obsolete type and not at all suited
to the present needs of the Bureau.

The steamer Phalarope has been utilized, as usual, in connection
with the hatchery and laboratory at Woods Hole, Mass., and in shad
hatching on the Potomac River; and the steamer Gannet has been
actively employed at the Boothbay Harbor (Me.) station.

PUBLICATIONS.

The publications of the Bureau issued and distributed Sure the
fiscal year are here noted. These were supplied chiefly through the
Superintendent of Documents to persons on special mailing lists.

he Fisheries Service Bulletin, issued monthly, has proved very
popular and useful. It is of special interest to employees, who are

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 1038

thus kept informed of the current work of the service of which they
are a component part. Every employee receives a copy of each issue
and maintains a file. In the course of the year it was necessary at
times to increase the number of pages to accommodate all the matter
oe for publication, and the monthly edition has also been
enlarged.

Effective February 1, 1917, the Bureau discontinued the free dis-
tribution of its general publications. This action was necessitated
by the increasing demands and the limited allotment available for
printing. Hereafter applications for publications will be referred to
the Superintendent of Documents, who will supply them at prices
representing the actual cost of paper and press work. The only excep-
tions will be institutions and specialists collaborating or exchanging
with the Bureau and State and foreign fishery officials. Documents
issued in the Bureau’s exploitation and propaganda work, together
with the Commissioner’s annual report, statistical bulletins, and the
Fisheries Service Bulletin, will be supplied as heretofore.

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER AND APPENDIXES THERETO.

Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries to the Secretary of Commerce for the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1916. 114 p.

Alaska fisheries and fur industries in 1915. By Ward T. Bower and Henry D. Aller.
Appendix m1 to Report of Commissioner for 1915. 140 p.

Pacific cod fisheries. By John N. Cobb. Appendix tv to Report of Commissioner
for 1915. 111 p., 9 pl., 1 map.

Survey of the fishing grounds on the coasts of Washington and Oregon in 1915.
Eton aie C. Johnston. Appendix vr to Report of Commissioner for 1915. 20 p.,
4 charts.

Explorations of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey steamer ‘‘Bache”
in the western Atlantic, January—March, 1914, under the direction of the United
States Bureau of Fisheries. By Henry F. Bigelow. Appendix v to Report of Com-
missioner for 1915. 62 p., 1 chart, 53 text fig.

Distribution of fish and fish eggs during the fiscal year 1916. By Henry O’Malley.
Appendix 1 to Report of Commissioner for 1916. 112 p.

acific salmon fisheries (revised edition). By John N. Cobb. Appendix m to
Report of Commissioner for 1916. 255 p., 29 pl.

ish laws of Mississippi River States: A digest of statutes relating to the protection
of fish and miscellaneous aquatic animals of States bordering on the Mississippi River.
By Emerson Stringham. Appendix rv to Report of Commissioner for 1916. 20 p.

Condition and extent of the natural oyster beds and barren bottoms in the vicinity of
Apalachicola, Fla. By Ernest Danglade. Appendix v to Report of Commissioner
for 1916. 68 p., 1 map, 7 pl.

Fishing in the Priamur district of Siberia. By John K. Caldwell. Appendix v1
to Report of Commissioner for 1916. 31 p.

Mortality of fishes on the west coast of Florida. By H. F. Taylor. Appendix m
to Report of Commissioner for 1917. 24 p., 4 p. of pl.

BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

The structure and growth of the scales of the squeteague and pigfish as indicative of
ai history. By H. F. Taylor. Bulletin xxxiv, 1914, p. 285-330, 8 text fig.,

. I-LIx.
: Notes on the fishes of east Tennessee. By Barton W. Evermann and Samuel F.
Hildebrand. Bulletin xxx1v, 1914, p. 431-451, 13 text fig.

The histological basis of adaptive shades and colors in the flounder Paralichthys '
albiguttus. By Albert Kuntz. Bulletin xxxv, 1915-16, p. 1-30, 8 text fig., pl. -m.

SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS.

Investigations, experiments, and surveys relative to the aquatic resources of the
United States conducted by the Bureau of Fisheries during the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1916. Extracted from Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries to the Secre-
tary of Commerce for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1916, p. 34-49. =

104 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.

Commercial fisheries of the United States and the operations of the Bureau of
Fisheries in connection therewith during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1916. Extracted
from the Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries to the Secretary of Commerce for the
fiscal year ended June 30, 1916, p. 50-100.

The work of the Bureau of Fisheries and its fish-cultural station at Boothbay Harbor,
Me. 13 p., 6 text fig.

ECONOMIC CIRCULARS.

No. 22. The grayfish. Tryit. It knocks H out of the H.C. of L. 8 p., 1 text fig.

No. 23. The sablefish, alias black cod. An introduction to one of the best and
richest American food fishes, with recipes for cookingit. 6 p., 1 text fig.

No. 24. Artificial propagation of the diamond-back terrapin. 21 p., 5 text fig.
(Revised edition. )

No. 25. The question of fishways. 6 p.

No. 26. The burbot: A fresh-water cousin to the cod. 4 p., 1 text fig.

No. 27. The bowfin: An old-fashioned fish with a new-found use. 4)p., 1 text fig.

No. 28. as practical small smokehouse for fish. How to construct and operate it.
7p., 3 text fig.

No. 29. Preserving fish for domestic use. 2 p.

STATISTICAL BULLETINS.

Monthly and annual statements of the quantities and values of certain fishery
roducts landed by American fishing vessels at the ports of Gloucester and Boston,
ass., Portland, Me., and Seattle, Wash.

SOME NEEDS OF THE FISHERIES SERVICE.

The Commissioner renews his previous recommendations for a
modern building with ample laboratory facilities for the Washington
headquarters combined with an aquarium for experimental and
observational work in fish breeding, fish feeding, and fish pathology.
The aquarium should be adapted for public education and should be
recognized as a national institution. The need for and benefits to be
derived from such a building are fully set forth in the Secretary’s
communication to the Speaker of the House of Representatives on
April 2, 1917, printed as House Document No. 117, Sixty-fifth
Congress, first session.

In order more adequately to perform the duties devolving on the
Bureau, more particularly those that have received an added impor-
tance because of the national crisis that necessitates increased output
of food and industrial materials, there is urgent need for additional
personnel and facilities for practical and immediately productive
work in furtherance of the activities hereinbefore referred to, in
behalf of the exploitation of neglected aquatic resources, the methods
of preservation best adapted to the various products and com-
munities, and the prevention of waste in all branches of the fisheries.
Items have been included in the estimates of appropriations for the
next fiscal year that will meet some of the Bureau’s needs in respect
to these matters.

Respectfully submitted.

H. M. Smrrsu,
Commissioner of Fisheries.
To Hon. Witi1am C. ReEpFIeLp,
Secretary of Commerce.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS
DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 1917

HENRY O’MALLEY
Asststant in Charge of Fish Culture

Appendix I to the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1917

1

CONTENTS.

Character of work ovo ee eis ah asic a le Seen ele ore niet etele aie ee anata tn
Method of cisthtibU bons. 2 oe om wieaincn 0.0 ae seit pe these oaiale ae mia lalate NO arteries
Species cultivated............----- 2-2 e cece cece cece cece cence eee eee e ee neee
Summarized statement of distribution - .- 2, -- 2-3 5... cos dee nn sels a ie eee

Summary by species/.s20 hele 22o2 220s See ais os oe as eee eee eral

Allotments to. State fish comimissiqnsi:.- 222.2... -iso- oe oe ane eel

Shipments to Canal Zone and foreign countries. .....-------------+--++++-
Details of output for 1917.........---------- 2-2 -e eee ee eee eee eee eee cece e eee

Stations operated and the output of each..........---------------+--++-0-

List of egg-collecting stations. ....-..------.-----------+---+---+- 2-2 eee
Distribution of fish and eggs, by States, waters, and species..............----
Distribution cOsta f. 0 4 SP 2 -Al OT - A ERE See ee See

INDEX TO SPECIES DISTRIBUTED
Page
Atlantic palWMGn. «cu os6o5 one ce te 31 | Miscellaneous fishes. .............
Blackspotted trout.......----.--- 32-| Pikeand pickerel:....\ 2 ssneeteer
Blueback salmon....t-.<---s-i2-% 24 Pike perehi.a.2 2-05 ek none eee
ST OOULBGU ile pawl ort eel ete By Polleete ee uk sc ene cee
TBCsLii gr | oa atc |: ee ane ere Seed ea ie 22°) Rainbow trowt< +... o..).. ates
RONDORNAI Ss eee ect e Ao 95 (| JBiver herrine. 0 39 acer
CAPD orchids Oa ectka tice Me ee eee DP (Rock Passo sa24. de eakas Ape ge ate
GOH AI TC! | MRRIaRGeS, 5 RMSE Seek ees = me ee TOM aS athe «once! io ae eens ore ieee
Chinook salmon: -. 22. ase 0een 23 J Silverisalmones’ ost ai J 2 lu asses
Chum salmon. 22. .-2- 5 -'« SERRE 2 24 | Smallmouth black bass......-.....
el Roe ee oe Be oe D wea Gb Sielis a Ceti ee Bo ree Aan ee
Chey 0 ea ROR RE AEE Ser es 5 Ae 59) | Steelltead: 05 0.0 25... ane eee
PU oan 8 ea dla me aiakecvm aes 96 | Strawberry bass..........---..---.
Eresh-watertdarum. <n) -% oeinc 0 59.) Striped: bass. <...5-2..-2.s. saeaeee
Grainne. 222 0 tigi a sii eee 59\ Suckerde oc eoeaee o's: aaj eee
VEIN 7c 0 hice ahi or eee St Snot fate 96 | Sunapee trout.....--. 5.0 .eesmn
Humpback 'calmon::...-...----=-- 24°) Sunfish (bream): ..-.-----sesseeen
Talse,berting (CISCO)... «2-5 = .)-\ =~». 23 | Warmouth bass.....-------------+-
Pics BOO the oo hee oan nate ree dee 36 | Whitefish? 042220 caemear nce s >
Landlocked salmon.......-------- 32 | White bass. .5 22 oes e's 5 ame
Largemouth black bass......--.-- 63 | White perch.......2.-.-5.-.....-+
OHSEE ooh a eketige we ee we ees 66° Yellow. basss.cniveameer= sees dee ce
Tech Leven trout. occ. .52+:--% 36 | Yellow perch..........-+----+es-
MaCKBIGl so. .c. a= -dewesuesins cnescs 95
2

THE DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS DURING THE
FISCAL YEAR 1917.

CHARACTER OF WORK.

The fish-cultural operations of the Bureau of Fisheries are directed
to the restoration and maintenance of the commercial fisheries of the
country and to the development and extension of the fish-producing
area of its interior waters. The needs of the great fisheries indus-
tries, which embrace large investments of capital and contribute
important food supplies of salmon, shad, codfish, lobster, etc., are
paramount. The work of assembling and hatching the eggs of the
commercial species and the liberating of the resulting fry in suitable
waters have been unremittingly prosecuted by the Bureau, and there
has been no relaxation of the efforts of past years to discover and
develop new fields. A glance at the appended tabulation will disclose
the magnitude of the distributions and the wide extent of territory
covered. With an output of the size indicated it may readily be
understood that it is necessary to liberate the greater portion of the
fish during the very early stages of their existence.

The fishes furnished for the stocking of the streams, lakes, and
ponds of the interior during the fiscal year 1917 were largely of the
fingerling sizes. Of trout, grayling, and salmon it has been possible
to produce requisite numbers with facility, but the species applicable
to the needs of a considerable portion of the country—the so-called
warm-water fishes—are in a different category, and the Bureau has
been unable to supply them in numbers sufficient to meet the rapidly
growing demands. The eggs of fishes of this class, owing to adhe-
siveness or other deterrent qualities, are not adapted to hatchery
processes and resultant multiplication on a large scale. Their pro-
duction is therefore limited to such numbers as the brood fishes
themselves are able to bring off their nests in ponds where partial
protection is afforded, and while the output of the pond fish-cultural
stations is annually expanding, it is far from being adequate to satisfy
public requirements.

To make up for the deficiency so far as practicable, recourse is had
to collections of the young of black bass and kindred species which
abound in the temporary lagoons existing at times in the high-water

zones of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers.
3

4 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Early in the year these rivers overflow their banks and spread
out over miles of territory, and in the warm shallows thus formed
many varieties of the native game and food fishes deposit their eggs.
The young fish hatched therefrom are imprisoned in immense num-
bers with the subsidence of the floods in the thousands of depressions
ranging in depths from a few inches to several feet, and here they are
preyed upon for several months by game birds and the alligator gar.
Finally all that escape these enemies must perish incident to the dry-
ing of the pools in the fall. From depressions of this character the
Bureau rescues many thousands of fish annually, returning by far the
greater portion of them to the original streams, but culling out choice
specimens to supplement its stock for distribution to applicants.
This great resource is capable of being turned to highly successful
account when funds are available for the extension of the rescue
operations.

While only about 5 per cent of the Bureau’s total output is applied
to the interior waters of the country, the benefits accruing therefrom
have been widely disseminated, and with the increasing cost of food
materials this branch of the work is attaining greater significance.
In its prosecution the Bureau has received valuable assistance from
certain State fisheries authorities, club representatives, and public-
spirited individuals, not only in formulating plans for but in the
actual distributions of fishes. One highly important and beneficial
effect of such cooperation has been the development and growth of a
sentiment opposed to the ruthless and destructive fishing methods in
vogue in many localities.

METHOD OF DISTRIBUTION.

The fry hatched from the shad, whitefish, salmons, lake trout, lake
herring, pike perch, white perch, yellow perch, striped bass, cod,
lobster, pollock, flatfish, and haddock—constituting the commercial
species—are planted on the spawning grounds from which the eggs are
derived or utilized for the stocking of new and suitable waters in an
effort to extend the fisheries.

With respect to the game and food fishes of the interior, which
are propagated in comparatively small numbers, provision is made
for the return of a sufficient number of young fish to the waters where
eggs are collected for the maintenance of the supply therein; the
remainder of the stock is then assigned to suitable lakes or streams
for which applications have been submitted by responsible individuals.
This class includes the various trouts, basses, sunfishes, and cat-
fishes.

Blanks upon which formal applications for fish can be made are
furnished by the Bureau on request. Upon the receipt of applications
properly executed and bearing the indorsement of a United States

a

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 5

Senator or Representative, an assignment of fish is made, suitable for
the waters described and to the Bureau’s facilities to supply, and the
delivery is arranged for as soon as possible thereafter. Applicants
should confine their choice of fishes to species that are indigenous to
the region of the waters to be stocked. Nonindigenous species of
fishes are assigned only upon the recommendation of the State fisheries
authorities, and not then unless such recommendation conforms to
the Bureau’s judgment.

The Bureau refuses requests for such predaceous fishes as the black
bass, sunfish, and kindred species for introduction into waters in
California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, Wyoming, or western
Montana, as it is believed their presence in such waters might prove
harmful to the trout and salmon fisheries of that region.

Each species of fish spawns at a specific time during the year—the
brook trout and the domesticated rainbow trout of eastern waters in
the fall or early winter; the blackspotted trout, steelhead trout, and
the wild rainbow trout of western waters during the spring; while all
of the pond fishes reproduce in the spring or early summer.

The product of each season is distributed as the fish attain proper
size for shipment, and after the exhaustion of the stock of one season
no more are available until the same season the following year.

The distribution of trout in the Eastern States begins in March and
is completed by the last of June, while trout shipments to applicants
in the Middle States extend from about May 1 until well along in
July. In the Rocky Mountain States the trout distributions occur
somewhat later, the work usually starting by September 1 and
continuing into the early winter.

The black basses produced at the Bureau’s pond-cultural stations
are distributed between May and August, while the miscellaneous
fishes rescued from overflowed lands and the output of rock bass,
crappie, sunfish, and catfish from these stations are shipped simul-
taneously, the distribution usually extending from August to Decem-
ber.

Itis the policy of the Bureau to fill applications in the order of their
receipt so far as practicable, but it is impossible to state definitely,
in advance, when the fish requested by an applicant can be furnished,
the approximate time of delivery depending upon transportation
facilities, which are not always available on a given date, and, in the
case of the pond or river fishes, upon the degree of success attained
in the collections.

The number of fish assigned on an application must necessarily be
governed by the available supply of the species requested and the
time of year scheduled for the delivery, it being obvious that very
young fishes which have not been fed can be furnished in much larger
numbers than those which have been held at considerable expense at

99805°—19——8

6 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

the Bureau’s stations until they have attained the size of fingerlings.
It is the aim of the Bureau in all cases to allot a sufficient number of
a given species to form a brood stock for the water area described,
and those interested in the lake or stream so stocked are relied upon
to see that the fish are afforded proper protection by the restriction
or prohibition of fishing until a sufficient length of time has elapsed
for them to reproduce, a period which will vary from two to three
years, according to the species furnished.

Fry or very young fish can be shipped in much ite numbers
than those of the fingerling sizes. A 10-gallon transportation can
will safely carry from 2,000 to 3,000 fry of the trouts or black basses,
from 500 to 1,000 one-inch fish of these species, and of those 2 inches
long, from 100 to 300. It has been calculated that the varying num-
bers of the different sizes stated have practically equal value for stock
purposes, as the losses in open waters from natural causes are in
about the ratios indicated.

Some of the commercial species propagated—whitefish, pike perch,
white perch, and shad, which are distributed only as fry—are so
small that as many as 100,000 can be carried in a 10-gallon can.

Fish intended for applicants are carried to destination in specially
equipped railroad cars belonging to the Bureau, or in the regular
baggage cars attached to passenger trains, an experienced messenger
accompanying them for the purpose of aerating the water en route.
The only expense the applicant is put to in connection with the trans-
action is that of transporting the fish from the railroad station des-
ignated in the application to the waters in which they are to be
liberated. Some days in advance of an intended delivery the con-
signee is notified and given detailed instructions regarding the
reception and care of the fish after they are turned over to him. He
is notified again by wire a few hours before the arrival, in order that
he may meet the train and receive the consignment, which will be
handed to him from the car by the messenger.

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1917, the Bureau received
11,208 applications from individuals and associations for fish to stock
public and private waters. Requests for blanks upon which to sub-
mit applications for fish should be addressed to the Commissioner of
Fisheries, Washington, D. C.

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 7

SPECIES CULTIVATED.

During the fiscal year 1917 the Bureau handled some 50 species of
fish and the lobster. Of these the following were produced at its reg-
ular propagating stations:

THE CATFISHES (SILURID):

Horned pout, bullhead, yellow cat (Ameiurus nebulosus).
Marbled cat (Ameiurus nebulosus marmoratus).

THE SUCKERS AND BUFFALOFISHES (CATOSTOMID&):

Smallmouth buffalofish (Ictiobus bubalus).
Common buffalofish (Ictiobus cyprinella).
Black buffalofish (Jctiobus urus).

THE SHADS AND HERRINGS (CLUPEID&):
Shad (Alosa sapidissima).

THE SALMONS, TROUTS, WHITEFISHES, ETC. (SALMONID#):
Common whitefish (Coregonus albus and C. clupeaformis).
Lake herring, cisco (Leucichthys artedi).
Chinook salmon, king salmon, quinnat salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha).
Silver salmon, coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch).

Blueback salmon, redfish, sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka).
Humpback salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha).
Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta).
Steelhead (Salmo gairdnert).
Rainbow trout (Salmo irideus).
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
Landlocked salmon (Salmo sebago).
Blackspotted trouts: Yellowstone Lake trout or cutthroat trout (Salmo lewisi);
Tahoe trout (Salmo henshawi).
Scotch sea trout (Salmo trutia). Introduced species.
Loch Leven trout (Salmo trutta levenensis). Introduced species, propagated in
limited numbers for observation.
Lake trout, Mackinaw trout, longe, togue (Cristivomer namaycush).
Brook trout, speckled trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).
Sunapee Lake trout (Salvelinus aureolus).
THE SMELTS (ARGENTINID#):
American smelt (Osmerus mordaz).
THE GRAYLINGS (THYMALLID#):
Montana grayling (Thymallus montanus).
THE MACKERELS (SCOMBRID#):
Common mackerel (Scomber scombrus).
THE BUTTERFISHES (STROMATEID#):
Butterfish (Poronotus triacanthus).

THE BASSES, SUNFISHES, AND CRAPPIES (CENTRARCHIDZ):
Crappie (Pomoxis annularis).

Strawberry bass, calico bass (Pomozis sparoides).
Rock bass, red-eye, goggle-eye (Ambloplites rupestris).
Warmouth, goggle-eye (Chxnobryttus gulosus).
Smallmouth black bass (Micropterus dolomieu).
Largemouth black bass ( Micropterus salmoides).
Bluegill bream, bluegill sunfish (Lepomis incisor).
Other sunfishes, chiefly Eupomotis gibbosus,

8 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

THE PERCHES (PERCIDA):
Pike perch, wall-eyed pike, yellow pike, blue pike (Stizostedion vitreum).
Yellow perch, ring perch (Perca flavescens).
THE SEA BASSES (SERRANIDZ):
Striped bass, rockfish (Roccus lineatus).
White perch (Morone americana).
THE cops (GADIDZ):
Cod (Gadus callarias).
Haddock ( Melanogrammus xglifint's).
Pollock (Pollachius virens).
THE FLOUNDERS (PLEURONECTID#):
Winter flounder, American flatfish (Pseudopleuronectes americanus).
CRUSTACEANS:
American lobster (Homarus americanus).

The fishes rescued from overflowed lands in the Mississippi Basin
and returned to the original streams were as follows:

THE CATFISHES (SILURIDA):
Spotted cat, blue cat, channel cat (Ictalurus punctatus).
Horned pout, bullhead, yellow cat (Ameiurus nebulosus).
THE SUCKERS AND BUFFALOFISHES (CATOSTOMID):
Common sucker (Catosomus commersonit).
Black sucker (Hypentelium nigricans).
Smallmouth buffalofish (Ictiobus bubalus).
Common buffalofish (Ictiobus cyprinella).
Black buffalofish (Ictiobus urus).
THE MINNOWS AND CARPS (CYPRINIDA):
Carp (Cyprinus carpio).
THE PIKES AND PICKERELS (Esocip2):
Pike (Eso lucius).
Pickerel (Esox reticulatus).
THE BASSES, SUNFISHES, AND CRAPPIES (Cenmn neem
Crappie (Pomoxis annularis).
Rock bass, red-eye, goggle-eye (Ambloplites rupestris).
Warmouth, goggle-eye (Chxenobryttus gulosus).
Largemouth black bass ( Micropterus salmoides).
Smallmouth black bass ( Micropterus dolomieu).
Bluegill bream, bluegill sunfish (Lepomis incisor).
Other sunfishes, chiefly Hupomotis gibbosus.
THE PERCHES (PERCIDA):
Yellow perch, ring perch (Perca flavescens).
THE SEA BASSES (SERRANID#):
White bass (Roccus chrysops).
Yellow bass (Morone interrupta).

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 9
SUMMARIZED STATEMENT OF DISTRIBUTION.

The following table shows the number of fish and eggs actually
distributed during the fiscal year 1917, or, in other words, the output.
of the hatcheries, with all losses in transportation deducted:

SuMMARY, BY SPECIES, OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF FIsH AND Eaas DurRING THE FISCAL
YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1917.

Fingerlings,
Species. Eggs. Fry. yearlings, Total.
and adults.

STIS Ry cera a a tla aod oh |S 4, 251, 289 4, 251, 289
er here SE ed 112, 000 605, 407 717, 407
B Talofish ee ete ee oo 6, 754, 000 207, 898 6, 961, 898
UCL) SS eo S8e de doe JeeBoee DOGO OREREDT SOe Ar Stor | aomr oomoeec a 6 CcSe Seer ae 4 48
a sae eee ee REE ee ere ie 51 ie | 77,946,000 |.......-.--...| 77,946,000
Eigen HGEr ini = 5 22 40 cov ee a [ocr ec econ Oe” 3-5 177, 000 "177,000
EL ESTAR pa SE RE gl 52, 602,500 | 331,610,000 |.............. 384, 212) 500
ee pre (CISCO) PSaarece Seeeer emanate reenad | Basie soins cic In S ye oe Scepcoscsesnic it pong 000
MOE SALMON = <a. et oe asthe oe cae ee ee oe bares as scates ak 4, 662, 960 |, 066, 660
Giinsok mlmon........-.- 7,191,200] 16,404’ 404} 27,065 581 50, 661, 185
Blueback salmon BP SEE oe et en 2; 000, 000 15, 038, 525 5, 733. 953 82,832, 478
umpbac On fn 5p ee eae FO UO Pas 8s , 406, 204 * 449 0: 347855, 234
CLUE SOUT Ch pga SU ee ke eS age Ee ae 14, 403, 300 7,014. 580 21,417 880
Pepolauetttront 20s. b ee eee IS 3,237,600 | 2,040,710 2) 061, 709 7,340. 019
Te pea erue. wee eee nee n eee e nee enennnnann nes 1, 454, 200 3 ot ay 2,574, ea 2 ey Ea
Bandiocked salmon... --s-0- 05.202 2-cloeee eh 531, 000 ” 798) 689 177, 635 1, 507, 324
Blackspotted trout Dee AiR OLS 1,630,000 | 2,051, 400 2, 683, 900 6, 365, 300
plitbovert tout. 0s se tn eee 1 RE OTERT OE Te 25, 860 25, 860
Memento ae CAS 35,332,000 | 33,395, 155 3, 699, 158 72, 426, 313
Brook trout weeseeeseeeececeeeeceeeeneeececens 935,600] 5,972, 495 7, 868, 932 14) 7, 027
una OU Salas ce Sie Nate ar ctals s cinta sie win oe oe cite mcm] mitclele tteitatdins SIeY Ce OP &, OOO eictercer tee cee 100
Grapripe ee N coh enn aa 125, 000 DOS G0! |. eee ae 1, 203, 000
Ere es, A UT SRR OTe rooted ald OS 000; 00D [onc cuset eres, 28, 000, 000
ene Mickerel across Sass ee ete poco ne cae Pe ee ese dee 103, 643 103, 643
SELiiyot trol ta) 1 eS Ge nn eA a | GR a 29, 804 297 804
etree es en ne IS ARTE A I 1, 565, 072 1, 565, 072
Largemouth black bass...........---..---..-.--|--.s0-ss0cseee 320, 050 "961; 912 1; 281; 962
Smallmouth black bass... ......--.-----ss+cs2-|ocecseeseeeeee 237,600| . 149,837 387, 437
pe ee ee pia aig

OPEL EH DAS oe 2 te sere or aban ne M RE BIS E oF ea nas vee :
Sc Tn Lk ee ae eT PTS ae Et oh (Re ae 2, 670, 513 2, 670, 513
leapt ils a aT * 212,900,000 | 174, 097, 500 15,874 | 387,013,374
Yellow iS Ss PIS IRS OT ie a 175, 421, 000 163,839 | 175,584, 839
Ww hite Meee ae eying te ME ME No oy od Se 32, 625,000 |= o22en chau S 32, 625, 000
Rete EE as i es NE Ps a ee eT re a , a
Biniped bass. 6... ere TA Pt HO, 137, ONO: |. steers aoe 16, 137, 000
MACK ELON? ota oc sone ae a en ee Waly oe 2 2,341,000 |i. -550cceesece 2,341, 000
TT Tt Si naaene ey ee A, SOR SR SIRORL : - 920; 000 fess cece ctaey 920, 000
LC 0 tat Se ae Ra ee eee ea eel 1,000,000 | 236,786, 000 2,648 | 237, 788, 648
eManER Mb LO Py oo en ak eda 2g PAPE, 096, 000: | as scecoiede 2 1, 474, 096, 000
indies ss. do eee eon, | Siiee A720) OO! 4. oes ee ae 6, 720, 000
“0 SR Sa eek 8 6 CP eis RNS g f), S14, 606, 000, |5.5.02-005) 4 1, 814, 696, 000
ee goreeus HOS gear pacusccue0ssecsesa+ er accor bEaeeesoa ee aa genta ar ne me 945
REO a ee a Nain toa ok cacao dee Ne cisuncecieceiee , 260, yA , 265, 400
SEE Soh erica ais Ac rahe aera Sas 318, 939, 100 |4, 757,908,782 | 82,115,411 | 5,158, 963, 293

nh—wh

10

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

ALLOTMENTS OF FisH AND Eaoas To Strate FisH Commissions, FiscAL YEAR 1917.

Finger-

Eggs and

State and species. fry.

adults.

California: Chinook sal-

Yellow
Indiana:
Iowa:

Brook t8OUts5 <<. sinc

ake trolltesecs accesses 100, 000

Pike perchiceesec.a.c-e- 40, 000, 000
Kentucky:

Black: DASSoon. cee aos n| st seme nae <==

50, 000

Maine:
‘Brook troutio. <2... .\-4
ake trowhe-cs Pies. tee
Landlocked salmon.....
Massachusetts: Catfish....)............--
Michigan:
Grayling? te a4 oe ceded
Paketrout. secon see

Pike perch: s-<cesi-s2-

Whitefish ssc occ c<es
Minnesota:

bake trout sacs seaceess

Steelhead jx. 5... 25

Whitefishe eke t 5553.8
Missouri: Rainbow trout -
Montana:

IAC WSSSss corn ee let ee kl

Novratbas Pike perch....
Nevada: Brook trout.....
New Hampshire:
IBTOOK GROWL» c\nj0)njnia.c ole
Landlocked salmon... ..
Rainbow trout.........
New Jersey:
Rainbow trout.........
Smallmouth black bass.
Steelhead

lings,
readline,
and

oi
ngs,
State and species. pie yearlings,
adults.

New York:

Lake trout). st .22 1002 5,490, 0000} t255...5..

Landlocked salmon..... 25,000: |S

Pike perch... cocoa De +6600; 000)|22asee sees

Sieelnead 2. 3S aa eee 500, 000 :| eee sees

Yellow perch........... *250; O00) 15>. -eeenee
North Dakota:

Pike perch

Steelhead 2.0 e ss oearnce

hio:

Lake trout

Pike perch

Wihitefish: 2s ceeseesee
Oklahoma:

Black bass

Cita SH S220 BSF a Soe ee nee pene

Rock bass i-2 iste Tk Lee ao eee

Surifishis tse ea Coe ee

Yellow perch.-......2.- *100, 000 60
Oregon:

Blnckspotted trout... .- 200, 000 | azicete once

Blueback salmon....... 2,000, 000) |. cece... <<

Chinook salmon...-..... 163, 900 60, 000

Take trout. ane scesss- 1, 000, 000) oo -ge pes oe

Silver'salmron. 22-2. 5-2] soso oe eee 10, 000

Steelhead. ee eee- seas 1;.687,\600 leonente os 2.
Pennsylvania:

Wake Grote «cee se se =e J, 000,000. | 0:6 fo «03

Rainbow trout.....-..- 50,G00 I =. eee noe

PIkOMPErel) s scascscecces 8, 000; tt aa ee
South Dakota:

Blackspotted trout... .. #30; O00) |Seaceeaces

Brooktrout: 2 <2 - 5.1 < -6|esse.c eee 23, 150

PIkG Perch |. a. seaeee ces » 000; 000 bec mete na. oe
Utah: Blackspotted trout 100, 000) |es eae ar
Vermont:

Channelicatiish~-..---|>.ss-peeureaee 100

Dakeitrout. oc. 522 eee 1, 500, OQ0 ea naey <=>

Landlocked salmon....-. 40 O00 tienen te foo

Steelhead ~. cence ocean 200, 000 Zo an 2k = 255
Washington: Blackspot-

LOG ENOUG Sa ecn cccitee shes 200 000}, | craps oa a;
Wisconsin:

Wake trout. sacac canes 13,000,000). necie- eee

Wihitelish. 255 cccie=ce == 5,000,000 |..........
Wyoming:

Biackspotted trout ..... 300,000 |......-.--

AKO TLOUU co mcrclce nce. 200, O00)| seeeeeae =

Rainbow trout......... 100,000 jadi nie 32

ptealhead' |< secs cececcas ES 000):|teataee.'

*14, 230, 00 230, 000°
Total.......-- Soe { 308, 700,700 \ 163, 248

a Fry are indicated by an asterisk, thus (*); all others are eggs.

Surements or Fish AND Ecas to CANAL ZONE AND Foreman Countries DurRING ~
Fiscat YEAR 1917.

Country and species. Eggs .
Canada: Rainbow trout............ ww eee ade mee ewes cacawenevesinatrekemeem enn ta eine 96, 000) | seeemeses
Japan:
WOOK tLOWbscs axe b detuccte nos toc coewcubudecumeeeeee cts tanh ace wee maeiiae teins cele iin 100; 000)|Ssewsecens
AINDOWILIONGs sss ccceswenscecces cuccoedssceneencas bars ote seceeascheamash(ss sees <b 101; 000)| se ewawene

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

DETAILS OF OUTPUT FOR 1917.

11

The following table shows the work of the different stations in
1917, the period of operations, and the eggs and fish furnished by

each station for distribution.
fish and eggs from station to station are frequent.

It will be noted that transfers of
Such transfers

are made in the interest of economy and convenience where the
shipments consist of eggs, and give advantageous distribution
centers in the case of young fish.

STATIONS OPERATED AND THE OuTPuUT OF EACH FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1917.

[NoTE.—See explanations of this table on p. 17.]

: . Fingerlings,
Vee of Species. Eggs. Fry. yearlings, Total.
: and adults.
Afognak, Alaska:¢
Entire year..........-- Blueback)salmon==<2. <|55-26-2sc028 13,576,700 | 2,200,000 15, 776, 700
Humpback salmon....|............ 195343) OOOH: sae 19, 343, 000
Baird, Cal.:
HINtIne "Veal... =. «ene IBLOOK (routs sss Ne S| cea ope eee ee 26, 000 26, 000
Ghmookssalmon sy se ehh ee BE oe 3, 702, 000 3, 702, 000
Rainbow stroutisssesecs| sass eee eee eee eee 19, 450 19, 450
Battle Creek, Cal.b—
Dec —Apritn.skssacoe- Chinook salmon....... 5A000 000i li cewecea cece 5, 695, 300 10, 695, 300
Hornbrook, Cal.—
dT 1) ee Chinook salmon....... 1, 000, 000 800, 000 368, 000 2, 168, 000
Rainbow trout........ 175, 000 11, 200}| a= ceeeeees 186, 200
Silyerisalmoneos oss N ooescasgueee 50, 000 11, 000 61, 000
Mill Creek, Cal.c—
Dee Agree Seas ce Chinook salmon.......] 1,027,300 {....-.-.---.-- 4, 868, 000 5, 890, 300
Baker Lake, Wash.:
Entire year............ Blueback salmon...... 711,825 | 1,996,000 2, 807, 825
Chinook salmon....... 5 Ba ORI are eeecosee 85, 581
Silverssimony 25292. pasos eee laet ee ete ote 508, 900 508, 900
Steelhead ............ 66 510h ce csheeees 66, 510
Birdsview, Wash.d—
Entire year............ Blueback salmon...... Bsns SIAL NAIR et 97, 000 97,000
Chum salmon eae Pe Lk RE Te AE ee 928, 010 928, 010
Humpback salmon... 165,000 | 3,563, 810 3, 728, 810
Bilvenisalnon).2 ce. - Scales ae wie. aects case ee eee 1, 980, 000 1, 980, 000
Steelhead S27 eee PSSA UOOOL I acc cecdeacet 1, 424, 000 1,974,000
Brinnon, Wash.—
Entire year............ Chum salmon 892; 8001/2 Betas 892, 800
Silver salmon 197400) ercrasaures sons 197, 400
ieeltondse ss = 5551 seca eheue setae 242, SO0H tS. J El Ye 242, 800
Darrington, Wash.—
Apr.—June:. 2s. 3.028 Chuamisalmon sss sasse2| eet ssaeee 277,000» lacaeec soeee 277, 000
Silver salmon'oc25232.-|ca.ca0e0aete 00; 000; ae cece 700, 000
Duckabush, Wash.—
Entire year............ Chinookisalmon: 54.5.5 [2s son eee oee es tes 706, 507 706, 507
Chumisalmon'sacesstee|s- sateen 2,402,000 | 5,838,520 8, 240, 520
Humpback salmon....|............ Be eeaten to | 1060; 120 1, 960, 120
Silverisalmons 2 iscsi ok tee oe 38,000 | 1,823,960 1, 861, 960
Steelheadsss:s2. ete eee. oe ee 689; 700"? YS 689, 700
Illabott Creek, Wash.—
Oct.-jumne: ©... -\. 5.3.65 Chinookjsalmone ence lk 2.5. ste eee ae 44,105 44,105
Chamisaimonets. - falls dosa2 cee DISSE OOO UE Sou ee. 1, 831, 000
4 SUVersalmones.. oo oath nace eeeee 259600): | eae ee eee 259, 600
Quilcene, Wash.—
INUIFGAVGAN.. 2 ccecsss53 C@humisaimone: -2sb ecb. . 222 5 Vip e8 POU Looe secs be 7, 553, 000
Humpback: salmoneye.| is. cs ccs sseeleeeee ee osecee 1, 925, 100 1,925, 100
Silver'salmons set wot url|ooc.< sac daceemeeteeeeonene. 247, 000 247,000
Hleelhead wecesaes chun|sacesccancee 626;:500)|(..- 2 ssc ..n'e= 626, 500
Sultan, Wash.—
Entire year............ Silver:salmons acces vecle<occencsette Ban OOO) Pasa seats 855, 000
Steclhead ms2 3. ssc os|esocceeasuen 353° 500)| 220. eeeeecs 353, 500
Boothbay Harbor, Me.: :
Entire year............ MlOUNGeBasasee «scat tala ces case 966,266,000 |......-..-.. 966, 266, 000
ODStOR set cee coc ce see ae 110, 000, 000 5,400 | 110,005, 400
POloelki ssi ctsengqe cael ivoeutouane BS S46" OOD! te i.c bane scae 3,346, 000
Bozemen, Mont.: ¢
Entire year............ Blackspotted trout ...|...........- 25072; 000) |... Seese2 1,072, 000
Brook Trouble. oo. wecubernpebte Wess Als cae s 363, 850 363, 850
Gunviirinecerccc. cota 125, 000 968; 000) |. se ane 1, 093, 000
DAKO WOUPe co lssc le olks scene sees SOc pore 37, 500 37, 500
Rainbow trout........ 253, 000 60, 000 664, 100 977, 100
s SO eae Sati ae BERS ta [SER Rae Rao 10, 000 10, 000

12 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

SratTions OPERATED AND THE OuTrPuT oF EACH FOR THE FiIscAL YEAR 1917—Contd

Station and period of
operation.

Bozeman, Mont.—Contd.
Yellowstone, Wyo.f—
July-Sept. Sak enero mclaae
Bryans Point, Md.:9
Mar.-May. Riots Seishin Riviere

Cape Vincent, N. Y.:
Entire year we aidisremieeteate

Central eee Washing-
ton, D
Entire y Woarsas 8c see

Clackamas, Oreg.:
Entire’ Weare sectboses

Anions, Oreg.—

Snake River, Oreg.—

Species.

BLOOM MON toe een se
Lake herring..........
haketrout 25-202 52
Landlocked salmon...
Pikeiperchi..... 52252 5.2
Rainbow trout........
Whi tehshi ose eses

Cattishy i 25 ae aera
Grappiene ae ow et
iPikewperchiss = seteeee:
Rainbow trout........
HOCK] DaSSase a hen eee

Suckerst jee. seve 7. 58

Rainbow trout........
Silver salmon.........
Steelhead ............

Chinook salmon......-
Silver salmon.........
Steelhead! 22 fo. ect. t

Oct Ree oi Ree 2 COs ts ccecseean secs

Little White Salmon,
Wash.h—

Rogue River, Oreg.—.
Entire year............

Upper Clackamas, Oreg.—
mtire year..........2-

Willamette, Oreg.—
July and Wades 3.
Cold Springs, Ga.:
Entire year............

ag Ga.—

Craig Braoe. Me.:
ntire year See ad esa ep

Duluth, Minn.:
Hntire year... .c..c<seee

Edenton, N. C.:
Entire year.......--..-

Giacesnotied trout...-

Chinook salmon......
Silver salmon...... f
Steelhead ae tse

Chinook salmon.....-.

Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.

| | |

eee

68, 665, 000
130, 370, 000

eee ees ee

1, 447, 500

Silver salmoneesi62..))) 2 het tai

‘Steelhead ............

Atlantiesalmons sok alo ease ceeceee 3, 028, 850
TOOK: UO bs. oe eee |e cee merce eee 962, 000
Humpback salmon....|....-.-.---- 3, 961, 439
Landlocked salmon...|....-..---.. 7, 480
Brook trout... ssscstise| danske seebee 152,000
Lake trout.......-.... 4, 200, 000 11, 453, 000
Pike perch agtsoten cs lacmcece cose 5, 087; 500
PLOOIDGAC .- 2 eee el ot ceed eee ia sgeit. d= 40 sae
Whitefish). (22 sc sclaae 122, 500 7, 130, 000
eee DSSS. sci ce ba ealel ame ovatm a mete 19, 100
MAGE... 53 cbeinecnaeenelseewatecuinee 6, 060,
Statish ole niet eieepetenen wewemeses ool pee wanscn cent

iWhiteperchils. c..ccccleeecouaevess

"948° 050

7,900

32, G25, 000 lich Sees

1, 823, 000
30370, 000

171, 500
393, 700
2, 322° 100
4,878, 248
163, 000
14, 960, 644
1, 695, 550
8, 000

ig 75 800
6,000

128) 600
1, 278, 600
71, 700
718, 850
2,351, 000
180, 120

32, 625, 000

2 ee eee ee

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

13

SraTIONS OPERATED AND THE OuTPuUT oF EACH FOR THE FiscAL YEAR 1917—Contd.

Station and period of

operation. Species. Eggs.
Edenton, N. C.—Contd.
Weldon, N. C.— ]
ATS MSBY son <- 2055/2 Striped! basst 2.2 32 25-|=sseacs5525-
Erwin, Tenn.:/

Emntireryear. = °_ 7.522% BlaeksDass 235-5: 52 s06)-22 52555552

Brook trowte2=5 2:2 228|2-=53-<e2558

BED aan as ase cases ees 233) Oe

Rainbowitlout: -s57-5.||s222222208°

Rockibasseess. a= 22-222 |5..-2252 50

Smallmouth black bass}-.-....-.-.----

BASH: sae eae desee less seee sce

Fairport, Iowa:
ntire year

Yellow perch........-.
Miscellaneous

Black River, Ark.—
Oct.—Dee

Crappie. Sass eae
Pike perch
Suckers

CumberlandRiver, Ky.—
Nov.—Dec

Lake Cooper, I11.—
Adie “egies 224 ios Black bass
; Buffalofish

Crappie

Fingerlings,
Fry. yearlings, Total.

and adults.
TG3137;000) | 2.5 ce eeeeee 16, 137, 000
27, 000 2, 690 29, 690
wees sks se 182, 425 182, 425
SAY 2’ 000 2,000
ana Tf 332, 502 332, 502
GARETT 00: 25, 450 25, 450
11, 000 1, 700 12, 700
WOMNHA dS 8, 135 8,135
ee pee 6,349 6, 349
6, 754, 000 2) 737 6, 756, 737

112, 000

Lake Pepin,
Sept.-Nov

Gloucester, Mass.:'
Entire year............

Green Lake, Me.:
Entire year............

PUKSPSLreh ean isan soe See eal eel ea ete ete se aiaisis
Sanfishs sakes sac hee becetesen ah Seana ee te ree
Wellowsperchs! s).5.4 53/2 cose seeee [ce ae tee ene
Miscellaneous

BIA CKUHASS 4-94 sh 5q 22 eles ao stare
pelo Leis ee a) ee eitasaats

Minn.—

Pike perch.
Suckers. ... oe
Sunfish} 2s = 822225 5e2 f

Yellow perch.......-..|---
Miscellaneous

Butterfish--<22 =: 22252.
Cod

‘opster-e.£=5-2-.205-
Mackerel: ..<i<22:2-5~-
Pollock :125..05. 5520+ <

Brook trout........-..
Humpback galmon....
Landlocked salmon. .. 301, 000

Grand Lake Stream,

Me. /—

Sept.-June.............

495, 000
1, 470, 750, 000

br Conte). 1, 358, 676

23, 600
537, 814

73, 814

14 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

STATIONS OPERATED AND THE OvuTpuUT OF EACH FOR THE FIScAL YEAR 1917—Contd.

Station and period of

operation.

Homer, Minn.:m

Entire year..........--

La Crosse, Wis.:

Entire year... ...-c.cs

Leadville, Colo.:

Entire year......-....-

Louisville, Ky.:

Entire year... .-.722.25

Mammoth Spring, Ark.:
Entire year...........-

Friars Point, Miss.:

July=DeC= = 2. ode knoe

Manchester, Iowa.:°

ENtir€ Year... sec cincces

Bellevue, Iowa p—

AMP = DOC vs wields nex:

Fingerlings,

Species. Eggs. Fry. yan

and adults

Black bass 58, 731
Brook trout ...jssece cleweee seo ce| (| wh eeON DODD b> eee ee
Buffalofish. ... 76, 725
Carpe eee see 443, 053
Wathshe. (5.46 Reasons |e eeeere 1, 571, 442
CFAPPIC +}... 2h coo eke oS eee. oe a ae ee 677, 782
UMS cin Seip sos eater eoae nl sae |S eee ee 200
Pike and 38, 909
Pike perc , 950, 2,615
Rainbow troutyeccs acc | soc ecesen oleate oe eee 14, 200
ROCK Passi, caceew ods sae sec aoe eee car ene s 124
UMHS oe erase eaaidees ose ale caremepe eee 442,786
wellow'perchs2es5. 32.22 ceed eee 150, 000 50, 505
Black: bass 9. Me cat cloaca ele ct See toe 57, 100
IBTOOKLTDUTE {eee ee oe. lan eee eae oa ee eee 130, 330
Biniglofish se ausectes seek noeon sen cae een ee 12, 500
Carpe es 0 ot gis A(T cae Fl aa ey ae a 78, 000
Catishe sas * See 7 bal. oS eee as See ee 805, 600
Crappie ee cwasmeus cus eeeeeeeceee Neeeeeeth eee 219, 310
TN se cece ct enele ose: Cee eee aco eee ane ae 26, 000
Pike and pickerel 26, 500
Pike perch : 4 12, 500
Rock bass......- ez 1,330
Strawberry bass 5 Be ae wee 10, 000
Suntishhetes6- shen ealceeenes 293, 000
White bass 10, 300
Yellow perch 34, 050
Blackspotited!trout, ¢2.|- 22. <2 =ae cl sate ee eee 1, 839, 000
Brook trout...,.-.-.-- 920; 000M Deeemaeees ios 3,312, 800
Grayling es. 2 ce ee ie dl hoo sceeee gee 110} 000) |Sa--a-seeeeo
Lake'troutes: so sei2-b | -esteesber acl aeeeeeerne ae 50, 000
Rainbow troub.<-tccee| cess sss e sn nee Beeeeee cee 151, 000
Black bass eee eae cece = ale eer ee 6, 090
Chinook salmon: 22: llscacecasceeaietebe eee eee 6, 000
Crappie sh 25-025. Leh eee eek en eee teeen 1,575
Pike perehe ses saceeee|aset ees ce ee 35,000) O00) te =inieeleeine es
Rainbow. roubs.- ssces|=secsosh aoe oe eee ee 10, 000
Rock bass 2,525
Smallmouth black bass 5, 500
Sunfish 10,175
Black bass 6, 555
Catfish 207
Rock bass 14, 753
cur black bass 50, 065
unfish 25, 562
Bick Passe hes occa. 2s] teens aes el ee eR eee 7, 587
Butialofish.%; 2's 5/00|eeeet~ see telnae como eeaee 3, 296
Carp eech es SS lS as ea ee eee 1,847
OF 10 Fo) «age ea a a el ee ae Tee ee ort | ee eee See 9, 952
Crappiesste eee nodetcs| at aeeenseue| se caeeeoeeo ae 7,320
Rock bass 25. cases dea ean aeceee Saami 1,110
Sunfish?) d,cteowsoens 2. sec deon cc aaa meee eee 49, 768
Brook trouteees sens. <|-ccces ces coal aceaceeee eee 529, 607
Rainbow trout........ 391/000).|2. ease aeenee 125, 250
Rock Dass 22s. e woee alco c cele notes | Mamteee ee ame 9, 555
Smallmouth black bass]..........-- 3,000 200
Blkck bass dees ccecdsclaasssscanana|saeeeeemaacaes 73,356
Buttalofish. sss geeet.n|-osessece neal Veeeeneeee ese 47, 400
Carp fis e. ose cl an|ecce coc c dena peemeeenemrass 33, 300
Opifish +. OK cceet eke: la accinins oe. tee ee oe 386, 065
ener Pe es ee PR ereemies Sree (lk yas ee 194, 278
Dram: 2: foes eee co). * 2 ON 1,875
Pike a and ‘pickeralc sh. |..22.c05 2 cecmlaeeeeeterees. 8,900
Mtraw berry DaSssi.c..<\-oc.scs lec clearer ee oes 105
Sunfish. 2. .222. suc oua Soe ees ae se 783, 750
Warmouth bass. 400
White bass..... 4,500
Wollow NerGlyad- teste uneikesctdet atencas ae 3,010

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

15

SraTIoNs OPERATED AND THE OutTruT oF EAcH FoR THE FiscAL YEAR 1917—Contd.

Station and period of
operation.

Manchester, Iowa—Contd.

North McGregor,
TowaqI—

Aug.-Dec.....-.--

Galena, Ill.—
NOV -«--ccccccees-- Ree

Nashua, N. H.:
Eintireyear..-o--s.25..

Neosho, Mo.:?
Entire year......--....

Northville, Mich.:s
Entire year......---...

Charlevoix, Mich.t—
ADE AMAay soccecceceiee

Detroit, Mich.—
Dec.-JUNO +... <-sscecce

Orangeburg, S. C.:
Entire year....-. wdases

Put in Bay, Ohio:
Entire year......--ce.

Quinault, Wash.:2
Entire year......-... <-

Quincy, T1L.:
Entire year........

St. Johnsbury, Vt..
Entire year. ...........

Crappleremeeeeen =a => oa
Pike and pickerel
ROCK passwaesne ache
Sunfish sees cee.

Yellow perch
Black bass

Pike and pickerel . . -..
River herring.........
Sunfish

Brook trout... ....-.-<
Lake trout ............

Crappiew cscs sce on ce ae

Smallmouth black bass
Sunfis

Blackspotted trout. ...
Brook trout..........-.

Wihitefish’o. 223.2222.

Hakettrontece..-ss.c.
Whitenishiece.2 acc tone

PIKE POTD sac once tes
Wihitenshy. s28 sso.

Fingrlings,
yearlings,
and adults.

WAKE ChOUG eee asee na assert oes
172, 000, 000
52) 480, 000

Pike perchwsses-cti-<-
Whitefish

5, 000
608, 000
864, 000
337,000
111,000

3, 298, 000
25, 800, 000

10, 500, 000
30, 000, 000

9, 750, 000
40, 000; 000

990, 000
115, 500, 000
208; 500, 000

11, 150,000
160, 000
1, 910, 000

Crappie siiieece. sae cence =o coe seul emeneenigsienain=
Pike merchee eee areas se ceacs sea
RROCEs Dass eet oo ee eco wa oeistce or Paatetate atare acle'ote
STaTTEI Se sete ee ee oe |W am sees cents meee sel
Wollow: DaSSo 20 2-nscalsecceweccaculaeaceeenecnen
Yellow perch.......-. SCAR Scodsice Renee ees n=

Brook trout..2.-----.-

1, 450, 000

MAKOTO bs oc ce ccccinc a] asec ~aejnn Gan) Menace e5
Landlocked salmon. ..|....-.---.--|eceeeeeeeee---
Rambow trout. .-.2---|.<.scscecmne

Smallmouth black bass

487, 676
12” 120

8,000
8,000
8, 800

46, 500
93, 000
1,200
8, 100

177,000

193, 000
2’ 000
3,700

817, 200

eeceeeccccns

60, 700

Total.

202,174

5, 000

718, 000
31, 996, 000
45, 000
184, 025

3, 298, 000
25, 800, 000

10, 500, 000
307 000, 000

50, 250, 000
40? 000, 000

142, 672
60, 700
270, 000

990, 000
287, 500, 000
2607 980, 000

11, 202, 953

16 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

STATIONS OPERATED AND THE OUTPUT OF EACH FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1917—Contd.

. A Fingerlings
Station and period of Gren A ’
' pecies. Eggs. Fry. yearlings, Total.
operation. andadulict
St. Johnsbury, Vt.—Con.
Entire year........-... Steelhead ooo 22 cens|ecesae es aan | a smneeeeeeee 32, 750 32, 750
Hunapeo trout: sic see essen ees ees 8,000). caeeeaeree 8,000
Mellow: perchiss254se2e| ses acnsass-5| -ceeane eee ee 1,356 1, 356
Berkshire, Mass.—
Hntire veer... 2s2aee Brook troutss2ciseseeulfsnceeccenes 77,000 179, 995 256, 995
* Holden, Vt.—
Entire year............ Brook troub=ss2c22<0--|Soe+sceee cee 569, 500 2,300 571, 800
haketnoubessss54sc0ec|sarcdee et eel geaeceee sasee 8, 635 8, 635
handlocked salmon... .|5.:-2225202|U sete tend ee! 4, 260 4, 260
Rainbow troutsssec.c|fececs-saeeal cemee eaters 1,007 1, 007
Steelhead peta. sccset 3: | senses. <- cer | eee eran 16, 509 16, 509
Swanton, Vt.— :
Apr SIM AV ne coos cab ssac Pike perch:<:2e2ss22554|ssserscc20. 11.900; 000):|-2-ae-eeeere 11, 900, 000
Wellow:perchis2.2:-02.|s222222e2505 $3" 700:'000)|||eea-ceeees 18, 700, 000
San Marcos, Tex.:
Entire year. .........-. 85, 656 90, 656
30
12,991 12,991
22, 522 22, 522
Saratoga, Wyo.:z
Entire;year: 2c. 55202 Blackspotted trout....}.....-...... 185, 000 685, 000 870, 000
Brook trout... Fa. oe 45, 000 45, 000
J Rainbow trout... os2c|-ssneee seme 212°000! | 2ne eee aaa
Steelhead ctttevs ss she’. |2 Sosa see ee |teeen eas teees ; 9, 500
Spearfish, S. Dak.:
Entire wears. 5-2. 222252 Blackspotted trout. ...}.......----- 597, 400 166, 400 763, 800
Brook trout Bae 707, 650 707, 650
AKC MIOUte coe eo alone seonceee 32, 500 32, 500
Loch Leven trout 25, 860 25, 860
Rainbow trout 101, 600 148, 600
Tupelo, Miss.:
NPesyeabees cee a eee Black hassss.cceevinacltacese sseeee 222, 000 78, 015 300, 015
. Catfish) <: 52s: sdca 08] Sec sa seen meneeter ees ces 800 800
Crappie=2:2cfesacacne| siete eee See eeameeoenae 125 125
Sunfish .ssescesccteeee|festaceseee aloe eee es oeces 48, 450 48, 450
White Sulphur Springs,
W. Va.:
entire years. .4-)s4.0 el Black basSic422.c.dansc\ss2ees et eeeclace see oenecsee 1,300 1,300
~ Brook trout ..-::::.... 3 GO0M Cee owes sant 770, 055 773, 655
Rainbow trout........ en Oy See Ane aaa ae 248, 600 255, 400
Smallmouth black bass|........--.- 92, 000 1, 500 93, 500
Suntishh - save. oo aeh ec | cee eeeetesee lacteee aetna ces 6, 000 6, 000
Woods Hole, Mass.:y
Hnvire year secs .4-- eek Cod). - set ssc eseneccen 1,000,000 | 170,178,000 2, 648 171, 180, 648
1 foyutets [se apne ae ln IS a 678;:7770;,000!|| 2 sees seeeeee 678, 770, 000
Mackerel). 2.2422 iphs-cdlssssescecnee 1;'846; 000 | a-ssseneces 1, 846, 000
Wytheville, Va.:z
Entire year............ 139 Ye oy COA Ba eae eae) Moecmernciad bosactesescaacge 10, 030 10, 030
IBTOOK trots: 2220 jou sles sceeece raelesecemsse een 97, 900 97, 900
Rainbow trout......-.- BHO; O00) eceserace a. + 506, 445 1, 036, 445
HOCK DASS#s Syme terteete clot se seit aie | cone ane e eel 15, 350 15, 350
Smallmouth black bass|.......----- 11, 000 1, 295 12, 295
Sunfish s 2: 22245. scorc/es tesa ste epee oe eecke 1,570 1,570
Yes Bay, Alaska:
ntireyeaties.--s.euee Blueback salmon......] 2,000,000 49,600,000} 1,448,000 53, 048, 000
Topalioutpiut...% co. dls sae toe seme eee oes 318, 939, 100 |4, 758, 402, 117 | 82,190,463 | 5, 159, 531, 680
Dost in transite i205 2 ce |aees coe cclece meee hen ace teeeeeeeeeee 493, 335 75, 052 568, 387

See J

Net Gutput.....2-0. 8 bsdets naseeeumemeeeenee: 318, 939, 100 |4, 757, 908, 782 | 82,115, 411 | 5, 158, 963, 293

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 17

TRANSFER NOTES TO PRECEDING TABLE.

For convenience in handling, transfers were made as follows:

a Afognak to Craig Brook, 4,096,000; to Green Lake, 4,106,752; to Birdsview, 4,000,000; to Duckabush,
2,000,000; to Quilcene, 2,000,000 humpback salmon eggs.

b Battle Creek to Baird, 2,598,500 chinook salmon eggs.

¢ Mill Creek to Baird, 413,300 chinook salmon eggs.

d Birdsview to Central Station, 20,000 chinook salmon eggs; to Duluth, 100,000; to Leadville, 100,000; to
Green Lake, 50,000; to Saratoga, 100,000; to St. Johnsbury, 100,000; to Holden, 50,000 steelhead trout eggs.

e Bozeman to Leadville, 175,000 grayling eggs; to Wytheville, 25,000; to Leadville, 100,000; to Clackamas,
237,000 rainbow trout eggs.

f Yellowstone to Leadville, 2,015,400; to Spearfish, 975,000; to Saratoga, 890,000 blackspotted trout eggs.

9g Bryans Point to Central Station, 2,600,000 yellow perch eggs.

h Little White Salmon to Louisville, 20,000 chinook salmon eggs.

# Duluth to Leadville, 50,000; to Spearfish, 50,000; to Bozeman, 50,000 lake trout eggs.

j Erwin to Orangeburg, 4,000 rock bass fingerlings.

k Gloucester to Boothbay Harbor, 34,430,000 pollock eggs.

‘ Grand Lake Stream to St. Johnsbury, 30,000; to Cape Vincent, 5,000; to Craig Brook, 10,000 landlocked
salmon eggs.

_m Homer to San Marcos, 8,600 crappie fingerlings; to North McGregor, 600 sunfish; 7,200 catfish finger-

lings.

n Leadville to Bozeman, 800,000; to Homer, 200,000; to Spearfish, 1,000,000; to Baird, 50,000; to Saratoga,
500,000; to La Crosse, 100,000 brook trout eggs.

o Manchester to Northville,100,000; to Homer, 101,000 rainbow trout eggs.

P Bellevue to Neosho, 3,300 catfish; to San Marcos, 3,625 crappie fingerlings.

q North McGregor to San Marcos, 5,900 crappie fingerlings.

r Neosho to Quincy, 4,000 rock bass fingerlings; to Erwin, 385,725; to Clackamas, 48,675 rainbow trout

eggs.
s Northville to Cape Vincent, 9,400,000; to Put in Bay, 2,000,000; to Central Station, 20,000; to Alpena,
4,460,000; to Nashua, 75,000; to Charlevoix 1,950,000 lake trout eggs.

t Charlevoix to Cape Vincent, 1,750,000 lake trout eggs.

u Putin Bay to Detroit, 45,680,000; to Duluth, 25,000,000; to Central Station, 1,000,000 whitefish eggs;
to Duluth, 17,850,000; to Homer, 10,000,000; to Cape Vincent, 2,000,000; to Central Station, 3,000,000; to
Quincy, 3,000,000; to Louisville, 10,000,000 pike perch eggs.

v Quinault to Birdsview, 225,000 blueback salmon eggs.: :

w Quincy to Tupelo, 375 yellow perch; to San Marcos, 4,000 crappie; to Orangeburg, 340 crappie; 800
catfish; to Cold ata 1,500 sunfish fingerlings.

x Saratoga to Neosho, 25,200 rainbow trout eggs.

y Woods Hole to Gloucester, 5,810,000 cod eggs.

z Wytheville to Cold Springs, 7,500 rock bass fingerlings; to Louisville, 25,000; to Manchester, 25,000; to
Nashue, 100,000; to St. Johnsbury, 100,000; to,Central Station, 20,000; to White Sulphur Springs, 200,000
rainbow trout eggs.

The eggs hatched at the main stations listed in the foregoing table
are In Many cases obtained from auxiliary sources, usually tempo-
rary stations occupied during the season only or, in some instances,
mere camps which are shifted from year to year. In the Great Lakes
and off the New England coast collections are made by the Bureau’s
vessels or boats in favorable localities. The following temporary
stations and collecting points furnished eggs of the given species for
the main hatcheries during 1917.

®
18 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

List or EaGc-CoLuectine Srations, FiscAn YEAR 1917.

Station. Period of operation. Species handled.
Alaska:
Res Harbors one eer. ee eects ae June-October.......--:- eee salmon.
Smeaton Bays. .osccce eos cere rose se August-September. . . . - Do.
LOC ha eee ee ee EERO Aare CRSE June-October......----- Do.
‘Colorado: E
SANITATOMUAKO’ Ate cele cs se De eee heect Opec April-May. --..:.....-.-% Rainbow trout.
Crystal ake a2 cee ee ee eet me ane Woverpor. 222) 22 (ke oe Brook trout.
Hingelbrecht Dakestec. 2c. euseee es ace October-November. . ..- . Do.
ELOSSCIIKTSUAKG ee soe eee saree ee cle eis O's 2 AR eee ee Do.
Muserovewuakesic.c. nee hse ne coma 0 0 Sf ES Do.
Worthheldake:sio--: 2. were cannes + ce ta foe GOS AU!. CES ae Do.
Smith} Bonds 42026 5 eae eee acer ee CON. whee cones Do.
TUTGUOISe uakest. eto cetcalete eee ee eee do. SF a Do.
UMeN a AKG ten a es eee ei oe ae eee GOn 6 bocce. loners Do.
Woodland’ Park’ Wake se: S722 eee eee oo SOS RLS OH Do.
Sbyen (Wakes. 2 esse cee doce ee omen ce ene ee JUNE? 2 22 W/-15).. = tees Blackspotted trout.
Maines “Portland <2 5s 3 <<.0< si ci-n aso se teeter es J ity st@ben! May, and | Lobster.
Massachusetts: June.
Menemshas, to a - 69 tao. ok oe ee ne ate January-April. ......... Flounder.
Wadnodlt.ceecce. TRS el La Fee eae deans | eee a Got tt. Os VR Rea Do.
Michigan
By ICY cece te dee coe eee ce ee ae o/s 3 0st Pe a ee eS Pike perch.
Bay Porto ser skc dcbneteccedeceeoe eters November. ..'.\.:...22. 2 Whitefish.
(BTA VOr hcp hola meee eee eee eae te See do Do.
Belle Isle..-.....-. Do.
Charity Island. - . Do.
Cheboygan. .....- 2 Lake trout.
DD STOUT Ree ease ase Lecce eee 5 Do.
EP GINGOLUs co cae CMe oe etre ee eae Meas Do.
Prankiort.2. 2 seseeoce6 dade ae eee as ase d Do.
Grandgsblavent. oa. 21 se seen ce pees Do.
slo; Oval sae OF oe cee ee ee ae Lake trout and whitefish.
MKOVSLONC creas -er ce coe ee wane eee ee ee Lake trout.
Uelatd ae 2 ee ee Se RL A SC ee Lake trout and whitefish.
IMamlistiquet asec 2:5-scee tee Lake trout.
IMArquiptte: vsccess snare esse eee ee ee do Do.
Monroe. i555 State, Oh) £8. ates April and November....| Pike perch and whitefish.
MUMISIN orca ee ce ee ae cy Sea seh cee October-November. . ... Lake trout.
MUNOSCOME AL EMIS Ey. Sage ee Ee eke ys AipTil es se - pv-tearee | Saetiee Pike perch.
Nati binway tetas css foeuee ae eee ee es ovember-December. ..| Whitefish.
Northporteii2. -O-(25 Jo9- . (ua esses. | ete ss GO eis2o28 3. a tacee Lake trout and whitefish.
ONtONALONY soo sen. cceee ees eet tenes October-November. . .. - Lake trout.
Stilonacé-ekin ds chee? re). cee hes. dhs Gore -peeesst fcep te Do.
Si JAMesieenc cease sap eee eee eee malees GORE Ses cess acc aee Lake trout and whitefish.
StsJoseph ee. £3553. 55452 £235 SEE ER. e435 Op Rees - dS se 8 Lake trout.
(POPLAR Rees see uitiee nee hanes en one nae al eaters 6 (0 ne eal ae eae es Do.
South Manitou ..°4/ 64 Sjgsiads ete ge December... .-..-.-.<:- Whitefish
Nader is] 80%) 20) eee eee oes eeioeim ete mite GOs mca ove ces Secetes (0)
Minnesota:
GrandiMarais- 2)... scott weasceees eles October-December. . . . - Lake trout and whitefish.
Susie island's --- 352.26. aoeee teen eoeeee November. -22243-2.2%.2 Lake trout.
Montana:
O'Dell! Creeks. Soo 2h. C obs Sees seek cee March-May........----- Grayling.
South) Meadow, Creek.2-.0.6 eo ase leew oe GO 2262 ot osse eke Grayling ‘and rainbow trout.
New York:
Chanmiont 2 eee foo aa ecto eee November-December. . -| Whitefish.
Galloo Islnd Pec ic sscn ents Seer ene eee October-November. . ..- Lake trout.
Grassy IBAVi 1 sie es en cehmeaa neues May. .ossecnmes eens cee Yellow perch.
HendersonsElarbors <-scccewessctecsnceee ae ee .| Lake herring.
Opdonsputgeert-nescse oe eer eee April-May ....22---t<.5 Pike perch.
Pigeon Island 35 ec sncnwis 9 aeieg se cescees tether Noveninere: Lake trout.
Old Moreeta ee tian ees cic ee ac cee eee November): ..27. 2-25 ste 22 Whitefish.
Sodus Point ese eves tes tae toe eco November-December...| Lake herring.
SOUER BAY o<ccser ce ec sisi Soares dodo eke (oes QO asyo5 stoi wens pce Whitefish.
Stony Tsland SS maemo nel iae es ae Soc leo INGvember...:--- sce -ese Lake trout.
MNES MUCUBAYccmeneie-lewenercew- sect ws November-December. -..} Lake herring and whitefish.
ot oe ged BBTRT AG: Sete iecteta ateisits a eleereioe NOVEM per. 62. =-=2- sess 5 Whitefish.
“Middle BASS! oo ccueomce peeks ch ss ccmceines Nand Ape December, | Whitefish and pike perch.
and Apri
NortbvBacseas. tc -e.e-tcu. cess te cocede eee Onc canine cutee ee Do.
Port Clinton -2 22 Boece eet oss scan cee sone Be SE etres ok sa Do.
MOIGUO = os.c5:c5< oe eae ae Soe oe os cei ccincle see Obie ea eb eee seep Do.
Rhode slant: Wickford s-eecerceee.ceeseee ep oe ABEL eee Flounder.
Vermont:
Darling: POnd'../. ty. csuttsletes «ceo ms seraie July-December. ........ Brook trout.
Dake Mitchell. 2. c5o. saa ceecceeue ster seen September-December. .. Do.
Wyoming:
Glens Uresies «1 foc cheat teal os at July and June........... Blackspotted trout.
Columbine ‘Creek... si sce. o setice ed eben tec ane Ola. eh e- ce neenease Do.
Ci Greek: siscsaecwee potentiates caelacame (a (oe a ee Do.
Dake’ Camp iin i2och chee. nein sace ee sae aces Os ceweewacapac cans Do.

Pelican 'Credk:: 5). ciecestecbonses peseeicen|see'se Got ea scec es access Do.

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

18]

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND EGGS, BY STATES, WATERS, AND SPECIES,
DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 1917.

On the pages following are shown in detail the distribution of fish
eggs, fry, fingerlings, yearlings, and adults, by species, by States
and municipalities, alphabetically arranged, and by waters, for the

fiscal year ended June 30, 1917.

The distribution was composed largely of fingerlings, yearlings,
and adults, though quite a number of eggs and fry of some species

were distributed.

In succeeding pages where figures are preceded

by an asterisk (*) such numbers indicate an egg distribution; if

preceded by a dagger (}), a fry distribution.

All other enumerations

represent fingerlings, yearlings, and adults.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917.

CATFISH.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Alabama: Georgia—Continued.
Abbeville, Davis Mill Pond........- 50 Fayetteville, Coleman’s pond....... 100
Birmingham, City Lake...........- 40 Gave Gays NONGi sss e oa ae ae 20
Dancy, Solesbury Lake...........-- 200 Williams-Fitzgerald Pond......... 40
Goodwater, Newman’s pond........ 100 Loganville, Bennett’s pond......... 200
Headland, Blackwood Creek. ....... 80 Manchester, Rock Creek............ 200
Ee eee 100 || Mitchell, Allen’s pond.......-...... 100
TAGKIO SiPOUG =. ce. ale tees 140 Monroe, Alcova River............... 300
PUTNAM OFAC a. sess ance nce se oes 80 Oberts’s pond. =. ss sssecaee ae 200
Montgomery, Sandlin’s pond........ 50 Snow's ponde 7. seo esas occ ee 200
Pinckard, York’s'pond.........-.-. 100 Piedmont, Bussey Branch.......... 100
Three Notch, Miller’s pond......-..- 100 Rochelle, Spring Lake.............. 300
Arizona: Rockmart, Wood-Knight Pond..... 100
Douglas, Mulberry Pond...........- 200 Social Circle, Row’s pond.......-... 100
Duncan, Cottonwood Pond.....-.... 200 White Plains, Freestone Pond...... 100
Flagstafi, WakkeyMary: iat 2 ccs 100 Simmons’Sipondeoes-c<seses eee 150
Globe, Roosevelt Lake.............- 2,200 || Illinois: A
Jerome Junction, Chino Creek..-..... 100 Apple River, Apple River.......... 750
Skull Valley, Otto Pond.....---.... 100 Carbondale, Borger bake:is. 23% 2.3 200
THGSOn SOtO!S; DONG joe. soot. em eae 400 Carrollton, Greenwood Pond........ 200
Arkansas: ‘ Council Hill, Fever River....-. 600
Black Rock, Black River........... 15, 232 Crystal Lake, Crystal Lake... 2,000
Daggett, Cache River...--..-....... 300 Dallas City, Lake Cooper. . 32
Elkins, Mountain Ibi) Soop eocabe 100 Farmer City, Salt Creek. . 200
Fayetteville, White River.......... 340 Galena, gy tad River a 46, 500
White River, West Fork.......... 400 Galesburg, City Lake. . 200
Green Forest, Pine Grove Pond..... 200 Millington, Fox River. 600
Harrison, Grassy Pond......-....... 100 Nora, Apple River...... 1, 200
Oak Grove Pond 3 uso 52 sas--enee 100 North E anover, Apple R 2,000
Kerlin, Christie’s pond........-.-... 100 Rodden, Apple River...... 2,000
Mammoth Spring, Warm Fork Creek. 207 Scales Mound, Fever River 600
St. Joe, Johnson’s pond. .......-.... 40 Stockton, Plum River... 2,000
Womble, Edwards’s pond.........- 160 Warren, Apple River............... 1,350
Colorado: Indiana:
Cimarron, Swanson Lake........... 200 Angola, Fox Lake..... 200
Yountain, Eureka Lake............. 595 Jackson Lake...-.....-- 200
Grand Junction, Welsh Pond....... 495 Edinburgh, Sugar Creek...... oa 400
Hotchkiss, Park Lake...........--.. 495 Evansville, Evansmere Pond....... 1,000
Montrose, Frees’s pond.......--..--- 200 Fruitdale, Hillcrest Pond........... 200
Georgia: Jasonville, Stefanski’s pond..-...... h 100
Athens, Brooks’s pond.............. 200 Mishawaka, St. Joseph River....... 400
Atlanta, Coats’s pond. a2: 40 Muncie, Gravel Pit Pond........... 200
Bogart, Lee’s pond... 100 |) Towa: : 2
Broxton, Kight’s pond. a4 200 Bellevue, Mississippi River......... a 344,000
MeGovern’s pond s:...-2:...--.22 200 Boone, Des Moines River........... 600
Ricketson’s pond. ......s.-...--.... 100 Fairfield, Fairfield Pond............ 1, 250
Carrollton, Little Tallapoosa River. . 300 Fairport, Mississippi River.......... a112,952
Pittman’s pond.............:--..- 100 Lime Springs, Upper Iowa River. . . a7
Crawfordville, Chapman Creek...... 200 Manchester, Maquoketa River...... 3, 000
Wens Pond ss2ascence se ee eee 25 North McGregor, Mississippi River..| » 531, 200
Douglas, Vickers’s pond........-... 200 || Kansas:
Elberton, Broad River.............. 400 Langdon, Sunnybrook Pond........ 150
Fairburn, Reeves’s pond............ 100 Osage City, Smith’s pond........... 100

@ Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.

20

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917,

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

Disposition.

Kansas—Continued.

Satanta, Irrigation Pond............

Sharon, Sharon Valley Fruit Farm
WAKO seciecac sche eee Ce eee eee

Topeka, Wakarusa River-.-..---..-.-

Kentucky:

Auburn, Fisher’s pond. ...

Crofton, Railroad Lake.....-... Be

Demossville, Licking River.-.-..-..-

Glasgow, Dean’s lake..-.-...--.---.-

Hodgenville, Nolyn Creek.-.-....-...--
Stark’s pond

Lebanon, Mattingly’s pond---..-...-

Richwood, Denfel’s pond...-.--..-.-

Sturgis, Lindle’s pond.-....-.......-

Vine Grove, Macey’s pond.........-
UGS MONG es ovens nce on/em eee

Louisiana:
Lake Charles, King’s pond...-....-...
New Orleans, Aquarium .....-...---
Maryland:

Bel Air, Reeves Pond.......-.-..-.-

Dickerson, Potomac River -........-

Frederick, Monocacy River -- ----.-.-

Seneca, Potomac River.--..---------

Massachusetts:

Clinton, Coachlace Pond...-.--------
lOE SEIU s CS saeerepaeodedacccrc
MOSS ya ROUGee ste tect: ecae niece
Waushaccum Lake
Wiest AKO ste foes nen oe

Palmer, State Ponds

Michigan:

Clinton, Raisin River Pond.........
Wampler Wake -2) cc ..n-anemrne

Cressey, Crooked Lake.........-.---

Highland, Lakesin Oakland County.

Houghton, O’Neil Lake..........-.-

Tron Mountain, Crystal Mud Lakes. .

Jackson, Portage Lake......-...-.--

Pontiae, Mid Wuake sess oe ise

St.auonis, Cine River..--c-<.-<2o.n<

Scottville, Pere Marquette River. ...

Vanderbilt, Round Lake..-.....--.--

Minnesota:

Brimson, Indian Lake...-...-..--.--

Currie, Buffalo Lake-................

Degraff, St. Marys Lake.......-.--..-

Homer, Mississippi River-......-..--

Lake City, Lake Pepin.............-

Richmond, Mississippi River-..-..--

Winona, Mississippi River...-...---

Mississippi:

Aberdeen, Cypress Pond............
Goose Pond aN
iouse. Ponds. --.--.-.

Canton, Farm Lake....... ip

Ecru, Willow Pond.........-...-...

Friars Point, ae pam River......

Hazlehurst, Home Lake............-

Kosciusko, Kosciusko Lake-.......--
West’s pond

Myrtle, Frazier’s pond.............-

Pontotoc, Ridgeway Lake......-...-

Tougaloo, Moman’s pond ...........

Van Vleet, Neal’s pond...-.-......--

Woodville, Lake Maurice-.........-
Missouri:
Cooks, Meramac River............--

Everton, Oak Leaf Park Pond......
Faucett, Moore’s pond.........-..--
Jaundon, Graves Lake............--
Joplin, Sloan’s pond................
La Belle, Lake Mattingly .........--
Merwin, Corbin’s pond
nee: ae Park Ponds ae

pringfie THY’ S PONG. sectors x14
Tebbetts, Elley’s DONG esmoceesa: os

CATFISH—Continued.
Number. Disposition. Number.
Montana:
100 Forsyth, Tongue River............. 800
Yellowstone River.............-.- 2,000
100 || New Hampshire: 3
400 Bennington, Gregg Pond............ 600
Franklin, Pemigewassett River. .... 800
100 || New Mexico:
200 Carrizozo, Skow’s pond............- 100
300 Chamita, (Rio Grande: .:25212288.5-- 150
200 Deming, Idyl Wyld Pond........... 100
600 Elida, McAlester’s pond............. 50
100 Mullen’s' pond). 2.02.2 pes eee 50
100 Phillips’s;pond he. - 22-2. gsoee ee 50
100 ‘Kenna, ‘Kimo !Pond-22">.>-22--seeer 50
100 Melrose, Sweet’s pond..........-..-- 50
400 Moriarty, Diamond X Ranch Pond... 100
200 Portales, Dunlap Lake......-....--- 50
Roswell, Chain Lake..........-.-... 100
200 Figure Eight Lake.............-.- 50
55 Morseshoe Laker o-eese- -s20-- eee “100
South Spring River: .............- 50
100 Sutherland lakes. se enseneeeeee 100
125 Oy, Chicosstuake ce... st-e esse 125
400 Socorro, Story’s pond .........---.-- 50
150 Torreon EOnd=-5- sent ane eae 50
Texico, Jones’s pond.........-.-..-- 100
400 Wagon Mound, Jordan’s pond....-... 75
800 Yeso, Willoughby’s pond..........-- 50
400 || New York:
800 Addison, Canisteo River.-..........- 800
800 Avon, Horseshoe Pond........--.-.- 800
12, 500 Maryland, Schnevus Creek. .....-.-- 600
Pine Bush, Dwarkill Creek........-. 400
200 Shawangunkkill Creek .......-..-- 600
400 || North Carolina:
400 Elkland, Miller Pond...--......-.-.- 125
3, 600 Fuquay Springs, Spring Water Pond 75
525 || North Dakota: Lisbon, Lone Tree
525 Lake... ..2.0-s02-0---2 ence wenn n-ne 1,009
400 || Ohio:
200 Belleville, Clear Fork Creek ......... 75
400 Crane Pond ts: ss. ce=- eee ewer 25
400 Cutrow Ponds ses see eee tees 50
400 Gatton Lake fosneccce cs anni acmehes 25
Plank PONGs. 2 ces scans oe aren ae 25
300 Berea, Kinney Pond. 2-22-2222 oe 400
300 Cincinnati, Lake Como.............- 200
300 Cridersville, Moyer’s pond.........-.- 200
a 548, 040 Oneida, A ene Creek i -t = ose 600
a 716,772 Robinson, Robinson Pond.........- 200
@ 25,725 St. Marys, Lake St. Marys ......-..- 50
@ 175,900 || Oklahoma:
Aline, Timmons’s pond............. 150
200 Alpus, City ake: --.ewcin eee 100
200 Armstrong, Hatchery Ponds 10
175 Brinkman, Lake George....-....... 150
300 Byars, Hawser Lake............-.-- 200
75 Cordell, Barton Pond . 222s secsg--eeee 150
@ 3,327 Ghamblee lake... 2.25 sseeeeeee eee 150
300 Edwards Lake.....-....--..- Sere 150
100 Davidson, Couch’s pond..........-- 100
100 Davis, Freeman Lake.........-..... 100
100 Eldorado, Pleasure Pond.........-- 100
150 Erick, Downs Pond..........----..- 150
40 Fairview, Pail’s pond............... 150
150 Frederick, Slack’s pond...-.....-.-..- 200
40 Grandfield, Hancock’s lake......... 100
otl’S pana irene te peste =e <cicivow ct 100
800 arks’s pong: 3. cent. Spe oe ee 100
400 Hobart, Bredel’s pond.............. 100
200 Lakeview Pond ..........-..-.-ss0 100
400 enon’s PONG <5... 4-)--2eeenemee 200
155 IPortwoodis:pond..2-......-.Jsnese 200
300 MOINS PONG 2 < x12. 05. -- aoe eeeee 150
400 Jet, Matthews West Lake.........-.. 150
300 Bem ia LANG. do vac cn isin 3 aan 150
200 Lawton, Highland Lake............ 100
100 Lookeba, Willow Lake.............. 100

a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 21

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

CATFISH—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
|
|
Oklahcma—Continued. South Carolina—Continued.

Mill Creek ,Westheimer-Daube Pond 350 Orangeburg, Indogo Run..........- 200

Ringwood, Unruh’s pond.........-.- 100 Sally, Cooper’s pond..:......--..-.- 75

Sulphur, Orchard Hill Pond........ 150 SaWeyOus DONG.) nase = at eee 75

Texhoma, Allison’s pond...-.---...- 550 || South Dakota:

Texola, Brushy Creek.....-..:..---- 150 Bellefourche, Westcott’s pond ...... 75
Graves Ss POUG = 2. s 5 -\ tae ett 150 Canton} Sioux River...-2------+--2- 200
iWwihlorton’s pond=2- PS. 3.2. \sele25+ 150 Fairburn, Fay’s pond.............:- aD

Thomas, Little Deer Pond..--...-.-- 150 Lake Andes, Lake Andes......-.... 1, 400

Walter, Kennedy’s pond........-.-- 100 Madison, Lake Madison............. 1, 400

Watova, Munson’s ponds... -.-...-..- 100 Pukwana, Red Lake... -...-.---.-- 1, 400

Wynnewood, Husted’s pond......-- 100 |} Tennessee: : fhe

Pennsylvania: i Bear Creek Junction, Mining Com-

Arcola, Perkiomen Creek.-.-.....---- 1170)) ete Dab yeh OUdS oo eae ese sae eeeee 70

Cassandra, Noels Creek.....-.------ 300 : Bethel Springs, Moore’s pond......-. 100

Cherry Tree, Meadow Spring Pond.. 300 |) * Calhoun, Swofford’s pond........... 70

Coalport, Beaverdam Run.......... 600 } Cookeville, Caruthers’s pond........ 70

Collegeville, Perkiomen Creek....... 170 Denmark, Hardee’s pond...-........ 100

Gury Keagy, Pond 15 ese tenes ns 300 Dyer, Reed’s pond..-..--........... 50

Denver, Gross Pond) <=... .t20s os. 340 Estill Springs, Elk River........... 200
BHI SHRONG SACs ane. 2 tee Mata 340:|| «Gleason, Brummitt’s pond.......... 50

East Greenville, Perkiomen Creek... 170 McKenzie, Sexton’s pond........... 60

Espyville, Spring Run Pond......-. 50 McMinnville, Horton’s pond........ 100

Frankstown, Juniata River........- 600 Maryville, Boring’s pond............ 100

Gardners Station, Bermudian Creek. 300 Murphreesboro, Baskin’s pond...... 85
Watimore Creek... jc0 enim oe sine=s 200 Blue ond: 23 Se 100

Gratersford, Perkiomen Creek. . .-- -. 170 CedarWake ree aessscnss ae seeaee 100

Green Lane, Perkiomen Creek. --- -- 170 TOG Ver SipOnG sues. ee a ee 75

Hanover, Conewago Creek........-. 200 Nashville, Messenger’s pond........ 200

Hendricks, Perkiomen Creek......--. 170 Ooltewah, Haven’s pond............ 70

Indiana, Moose’s PONGee sce saseese 600 Quebeck, Davis’s pond............. 70

Johnstown, Wildcat Pond.......... 500 Rutherford, Good Luck Pond....... 100
iWabnore bond . 322. 2a. .eose oes « 500 Springfield , Carr Creek.............. 340

Kratz, Perkiomen Creek. -..-.......-- 170 Tullahoma, East Mulberry Creek..--. 450

Lancaster, Sheetz’s pond..........-- 500 || Vermont: Lyndonville, State fish com-

Langhorne, Beechwood Pond.....-.. 20 MISSION: fxs s52cse2s Sa 100
CRGGR iS DONC esecn ee css ecance tec 250 || Virginia: Cullen, Robertson’s pond... 90

Lititz, Hammer Creek....-.--.----- 170 || West Virginia: i
IFA Ie ypu Ulnar. osc anweccinis see's 170 Belington, Viquesney Pond......... 150
Zartman Pond _........-..---.---- 340 Elkins, Tygarts Valley River....... 600

McLean, Perkiomen Creek........-. 170 Harrisville, Hughes River, North

Mackeyville, Dumm’s pond.......-.. 100 Onis Saul Se eee cen numer cure \. 300

Manheim, Chickies Lake............ 680 Kerens, Leading Creek.........-.-.. 600

Oaks, Perkiomen Creek. ...........- 170 Keyser Ca biasing sen see cle ne 450

Pennsburg, Perkiomen Creek....... 170 Powellsostnil eect teem anes 600

Pequea, Susquehanna River.....-... 850 Weston, West Fork River.....-..... 300

Perkiomenville, Perkiomen Creek... 170 || Wisconsin:

Philadelphia, League Island Pond. - 100 Eagle River, Eagle Chain of Lakes. . 6, 000

Phoenixville, French Creek.-......-.- 510 Ball Greeks Hall Creek!.....-.4--5222 600

Quakertown, Sheard Lake.......... 250 Fountain City, Mississippi River.... @ 646, 020

Rahns, Perkiomen Creek............ 170 Genoa, Mississippi River............ @ 230, 000

Red Hill, Perkiomen Creek. ........ 170 La Crosse, Mississippi River....... a 370,000

Rushland, Neshaminy Creek........ 550 Ladysmith, Park Lake.............. 300

Salford, Perkiomen Creek.-.........-. 170 Lynxville, Mississippi River. ....... @ 200, 000

Salisbury Junction, Sullivan Pond.. 300 Mazomonia, Mill Pond.............. 1, 200

Schwenksville, Perkiomen Creek. ..- 170 Monroe; Hiyde!Pond 7 eo eae 1, 200

Scranton, Moosic Lake...........--- 200 Monticello, Little Sugar Creek, West

Somerfield, Marleys Run.........-... 300 IBranchitar yi se CSS ee eens oe a 900

Souderton, Perkiomen Creek, East Sugar River, branch of............. 900
Lael a Boe See pe eAD ae Cone 680 Nashville, Dry Lake.-..... a 800

Spring Mount, Perkiomen Creek.... 170 Rice Lake, Berger Lake. g 300

Stewartstown, Anderson’s pond.. 100 Desair Lake........ ae 300

Warrier Ridge, Juniata River 600 Ebi Chai Gee eae etn eee 300

White Ridge, Juniata River, Franks- Bake Montanisteeceeectecn css secs 300
POWHUDUANCH Eee scence scce bess 300 Lower\Riceilakes == sion. Bee 400

Wilkes-Barre, Thorn Lake. ......... 350 Moon \Wakersssoos tne scc snes wane s 300

Yerkes, Perkiomen Creek........... 170 Spruce Lakes ss see eee 300

Zeiglersville, Perkiomen Creek. ..... 170 Tuscobiawuakes jhe eoceascesoeke 400

South Carolina: Trempealeau, Mississippi River. .... @ 154, 467

Lowrysville, Robbins’s pond (A)..-- 100 || Canal Zone: Ancon, Panama Canal... 1,000
Robbins’s: pongiGB): =. ..-25-5-..-. 100 ; ——__—__—_
Robbins Ss ponanG) esa fees: 2s 100 Totalsssess: ee es eee ee b 4, 251, 289
urkeryy ClrOGke ste eee crcciarc aoe as 200

Lykesland, Gantt’s pond........... 150

@ Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
b Lost in transit, 3,955.

99805°—19 9

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

CARP.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.

Arkansas: Black Rock, Black River.. 6 || Mississippi: Friars Point, Mississippi

Illinois: TRAVEL =. a1 SReaeeie eee see nee ae 1, 847
Dallas, Lake Cooper.............---- 449 || Tennessee: Erwin, Bonner’s Pond..... 2,000
Galena, Mississippi River.........-.- 8,800 || Wisconsin: __ : : ;

Towa: Fountain City, Mississippi River... . 95, 228
Bellevue, Mississippi River.......... +e 300 ee, SET aye See sabe ae 20, 000

: a ae , 000 a Crosse, Mississippi River......... 53, 000
Fairport, Mississippi River.......... { 4,741 Lynxville, Mississippi River.......- 5, 000

poner McGregor, Mississippi River.. 26, 290 Trempealeau, Mississippi River. ..-. 171, 555
innesota: ———_———
Homer, Mississippi River........... 122, 850 +112, 000
Lake City, Lake Pepin.............. 6, 921 Total... .-.--02-+2eeeeeeeee eres { [
Richmond, arena e River...... *, 23, 390
Winona, Mississippi River.......... 30, 030

BUFFALOFISH.

Arkansas: Black Rock, Black River -- 123 ||. Minnesota—Continued.

Illinois: Richmond, Mississippi River........ 17, 675
Dallas City, Lake Cooper...........- 788 Winona, Mississippi River.......... 450
Galena, Mississippi River..........-. 8,000 |} Mississippi: Friars Point, Mississippi
Meredosia, Meredosia Bay.........-- 150 IRIVELs anes veemnceseitseanaene saa 3, 296
New Boston, Mississippi River...... t1, 740, 000 || Missouri:

Iowa: Ste. Genevieve, Huber’s pond....... 10
Bellevue, Mississippi River.......... ‘ 47, 400 mes PONG... 23 jC) ae 10

P He Pre Talar se 3, 695, 000 isconsin:
Fairport, Mississippi River.......... { Reroe Fountain City, Mississippi River.... 1, 150
Muscatine, Mississippi River.-.....- +100, 000 Genoa, Mississippi River........ Ay 5, 000
North McGregor, Mississippi River... 55, 060 La Crosse, Mississippi River. . =s 6, 500
Port Lawrence, Mississippi River... +619, 000 Lynxville, Mississippi River. . +. 1,000
Quarry Pond, Mississippi River. ..-. +100, 000 Trempealeau, Mississippi River. .-.. 57, 450
Sooke Island, Mississippi River... .. +250, 000 ——--—
Turkey Island, Mississippi River.... +250, 000 Total 76, 754, 000
Minnesota: $< ayitwr viet teenies: oreo cata Al De) Menai eae ae ns eis a els aia area 207, 898
Lake City, Lake Pepin.............. 1,099
SUCKERS.
Arkansas: Black Rock, Black River. -. 186 || Minnesota: Lake City, Lake Pepin.... 462
Maryland: Dickerson, Potomac River. 100
Totals scat sccaeues ose te seat 748
SHAD.

District of Columbia: Highway Bridge, Oregon: Z
POLOMEG RIVED ioe 2-2 eae news aoe on +600, 000 Astoria, Youngs River.....-.---.-.- +180, 000

Maryland: _ Willamette, Willamette River. ..... +2, 171, 000
Bar Landing, Potomac River......- $810,000 |} South Carolina: :

Broad Creek, Potomac River.......- +7, 281, 000 Branchville, Edisto River......-.--- +125, 000
Chapman Point, Potomac River....} 41,318,000 Jacksonboro, Edisto River-----..--- +145, 000
Little Hunting Creek, Potomac Virginia: i

WIV OR ceases cece mts n eens +1, 853, 000 Dogue Creek, Potomac River....... +8, 130, 000
Moxleys Point, Potomac River......| +7, 151,000 Mount Vernon, Potomac River....-) {2,115,000
Piscataway Creek, Potomac River. .|- +8, 856,000 Occoquan Creek, Potomac River. -..} 10,315,000
Swan Creek, Potomac River........ +7, 789, 000 Pamunkey Creek, Potomac River...| +5,090,000

North Carolina: Pohick Creek, Potomac River....... 7,957,000

Edenton, Albemarle Sound...-...... +5, 762, 000
HAPentOM bay ee eee eee ee coe cote +298, 000 Total eee tees etter ssins soe tes +77, 946, 000
RIVER HERRING.
Disposition. Number.
Ulinols; ‘Galena, ‘Mississippi (Rivers. «./- {24 sidesewee ahaa Honemeeees oeeo Ua eteketeme ete 177, 000

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

23

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

WHITEFISH.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Illinois; Montana: Somers, State fish commis-
Chicago, Applicant. .......-..- Seonkiet *200, 000 RIG Lng aecepconseceo socbEcer senna *300, 000
Spring Grove, State fish commission.) *5,000,000 || New York: :
Michigan: Fox Island, Lake Ontario .
Alpena, Lake Beaver.....-.----.--- +250, 000 | Grenadier Island, Lake Ontario
Belle Isle, Detroit River..........-- +20, 200,000 || Hayes Point, Lake Ontario
Lake St. Clair.........-..-- gee cen 710,000,000 || Long Lake West, Little Tupper Lake
Carsonville, Lake Huron...---.-.---.- +1, 200, 000 New York, Aquarium
Cathead Reef, Lake Michigan. ...... +6, 000, 000 Niagara Falls, Lake Ontario
Crystal Falls, Anderson Lake....... +100, 000 Plattsburg, Lake Champlain
Fortune Lake, North......-.-.---.- +200, 000 Pleasant Lake, Pleasant Lake
Fortune Lake, South.........--.- +200, 000 Point Peninsula, Lake Ontario....--
Fort Wayne, Detroit River.....-.-.- +5, 000, 000 Port Henry, Lake Champlain.
Tron River, Chicagon Bakers. sce: +300, 000 Rouses Point, Lake Champlain
Manistee, Lake Michigan.........-.- +1, 200, 000 Three Mile Bay, Lake Ontario
Manistique, Lake Michigan......... +1, 680, 000 Watkins, Seneca Lake
Manitou Island, Lake Michigan +6, 000, 000 Wilson, Lake Ontario
Marquette, Lake Superior........... +3, 780,000 || Ohio: e
Naubinway, Lake Michigan........- 72, 880, 000 Catawba Island, Lake Erie.......... +10, 000, 000
New Richmond, Lake Michigan..... 71, 200, 000 Isle St. George, Lake Erie........... +40, 000, 000
lac alata Reef, Lake Huron. ..-.-.-.| +8,000,000 Kellys Island, Lake Erie..-........- +35, 000, 000
Old Mission Point, Traverse Bay....| 6,000,000 Marblehead, Lake Erie.........-.-.- +20, 000, 000
Point Patterson, Lake Michigan. ... +720, 000 Middle Bass, Lake Erie.......--.... +30, 000, 000
Point Soul Choix, Lake Michigan. -. +720, 000 Port Clinton, Lake Erie............- +13, 500, 000
Presque Isle, Grand Lake..........- +300,000 || Putin Bay, Lake Erie...-..2.. 2... +35, 000, 000
Bake sauis oo). 27.5. LoRaoeeE sor Spee +250, 000 State fish commission. .......-...- *40, 980, 000
St. Joseph, Lake Michigan........-.- +1, 200, 000 Sandusky, Lake Erie..............- +10, 000, 000
Sand Bay, Lake Michigan.......... +6, 000, 000 Toledo* Lake Hries: 2 5.205--2..-<- +15, 000, 000
Scarecrow Island, Lake Huron...... 712,000,000 |} Wisconsin: Sheboygan, State fish
Susie Island, Lake Superior......... +1, 275, 000 Commissioniie 2-28 sens concn ceceee *5, 000, 000
Thunder Bay, Lake Huron......... , 000, 000 oss eseee
Minnesota: : otal sche Mss cet sense *52, 602, 500
Grand Portage, Lake Superior... ... 1, 275, 000 $331,610,000
St. Paul, State fish commission. - ... *122, 500
LAKE HERRING (CISCO).
New York: New York—Continued.
Fox Island, Lake Ontario........... +10, 925, 000 Three Mile Bay, Lake Ontario...... +10, 500, 000
Grenadier island, Lake Ontari -| 716, 600, 000 Tibbetts Point, Lake Ontario. + 4,000, 000
Hardscrabble, Lake Ontario... T 6, 600, 000 Trout Hole, Lake Ontario.... -| T 7,000, 000
Hayes Point, Lake Ontario......... F 2,500, 000 Wilson Bay, Lake Ontario.......... $12, 000, 000
Henderson Harbor, Lake Ontario.-..| + 2,500, 000
Point Peninsula, Lake Ontario...... T 2,425, 000 MOtaIRE ee ome kces cede ses see eas 82, 550, 000
Sodus Point, Lake Ontario.......... , 500, 000
SILVER SALMON.
California; Hornbrook, Klamath { $50,000 || Washington—Continued.
nen Pesta sleacsiccescscentenetesae 11, 000 Duckabush, Docewallips River...... he 980
Tregon: P 38,
Applegate, Applegate Creek......... +393, 700 Duckabush River.......--.----.-- { 335, 980
Clackamas, Clackamas River........ 4, 400 Illabott, Tilabott Creek.............. 259, 600
PralieROrie HAVET... .--- 2 ecieeesans 6, 000 Quilcene, Big Quilcene River....... 37, 000
Troutdale, Big Sandy River........ 10, 000 Little Quilcene River............. 110, 000
Upper Clackamas, Clackamas River 71, 700 Quinault, Quinault Lake.........-. 1, 910, 000
Washington: Sultan, Elwell Creek.....-.--..--... +340, 000
Baker Lake, Baker Lake............ 508, 900 Skyomish, River... 02.352. 3-..<- 7515, 000
Birdsview, Grandy Creek........... 1, 980, 000
Brinnon, Wolcotts Slough..... safeties +197, 400 Total +4, 403, 700
Darrington, Hatchery Creek........ TaGO; GOGH. \\ eRe ae RGAE BC paca iN) 4, 662, 960
CHINOOK SALMON.
Califorma: Kentucky: Lexington, Russell Cave
Baird, McCloud River.............. 3, 702, 000 BPTI LAK Ores oe Sas ok ecc's seine nies 6, 000
Battle Creek, Battle Creek........-. oy ad ae mee retin Soma
. F pplegate, Applegate Creek... +171, 500
Hornbrook, Klamath River......... {. hostbon, || “Gletkamnan Cheleentea mavet 3, 592, 100
Klamathon, Klamath River........ 7100, 000 Hatchery Creek.......... 200, 000
Mill Creek, Mill Creek. . nodoredooc tes 4, 863, 000 JGnnsomiCredkK ie. eee ce se cet eee 200, 000
Sisson, State fish commission ...... *7 027,300 Portland, State fish commission... .. *163,900

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917,

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

CHINOOK SALMON—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.

Oregon—Continued. Wadhington—Continued.

Seuferts, Fifteen Mile Creek......... 60, 000 Duckabush, Docewallips River-..... 689, 550

rail Rogue River. ...).<<s<ssecesese 1, 758, 800 Rata ce ae DA (ERE Teas ae 16, 957

je $463, 000 abott, Illabott Creek.............. 44,105

Ca a 755,200 || Little White Salmon, Littie White #10, 413, 305

ashington: almon River .sss-< cc se see ceeeee 4, 547, 278

Baker Lake, Baker Lake.........--- 485,581 || Quinault, Quinault Lake........... +160; 000

Big White Salmon, Big White Sal- { +2, 437, 958 —_—_—_—_

mon River... = buLssteaeeeasce +3 387, 290 ae {i 191, 200

. 873, 000 Otal . s<\s.0.2 2 Seb ee $16, 404, 404

RPE Creek... 2-2 an rnn ns tema rac { ” 180; 000 27, 065, 581

BLUEBACK SALMON.

ae ihe aN oe Washington: #7 :

ognak, Hatchery Creek..........- +7, 506, 000 A 11, 82.

Tgite/ Creeks. ...--..00.2.f0 00s S000") oer ne ee a 1, 996, 000

atmidicil ake.) 4s ated be Hitenaneniee ei Grandy, Grech 5 eee 3 “

> ) x ore Se ee ee ee es
Ue. ols para Creek........... fi oOo oy || Quinault, Quinault Lake........... ee 150, om
ake McDonald....<.222-.2.0% bai rp! i

plnisinieiricint Peat etait 1, 448, 000 oe

WeStRLV Ons J ooc cane see eencceeceasca +19, 400, 000 *2, 000, 000

Oregon: Bonneville, State fish com- Total. bosses. tine semee ad os eee +75, 038, 525

ANSON aacto veils cece beaks w= sealers *2, 000, 000

HUMPBACK SALMON.

8

5, 793, 953

Alaska: Washington:
meee eae Creek---.+--:-.- als’ Oy on Birdsview, Grandy Creek.....-.-..-- { glee the
mia ewe abs ele er iniclotelmie ’ ,
Maine: Duckabush, Duckabush River...---- 1, 960, 120
Calais net Crolm Rivereecs oe seer +925, 050 Quilcene, Big Quilcene River. ----- 1, 700, 100
Cherryfield, Narraguagus River--..-.-- 525, 000 Little Quilcene River..........-.- a
Dennysville, Dennys River.....---- 1, 050, 000
East Machias, East Machias River-.| +1, 050, 000 Total a {7 +27, 406, 204 204
Orland)Orland Riveri?=* 92. . 282) ET (OSGIO UI hha er hh aici GAN tate anae Sipe chan witecteg Scie 7 449, 030
Orono, Penobscot River......-..--.-- 1, 984, 339
South Penobscot, Wights Pond...-. 4506, 500
Warren, St. Georges River.........-. $386, 715
CHUM SALMON.
‘Washington: Washington—Continued.
Birdsview, Grandy Creek.........-- 928, 010 Quilcene, Big Quilcene River.....-.-- +6, 528, 000
Brinnon, Wolcotts Slough.......--.- 892, 800 Little Quilcene River.........-..- 1, 025, 000
Darrington, Bennetts Slough tt fess 277, 000 BSS
Duckabush, Duckabush River...... { i» oa en Totals iccct ccc ssn eeeeneceeenes {fp Ona’ el
Iabott, Iabott Creek...........--- +1, 831, 000
Little White Salmon, Little White |f +1, 47, 500
Salmon River. { 8) 050
STEELHEAD.
Maine: Forest, Farrar Lake..........- +27, 200 || Minnesota—Continued.
Massachusetts: Duxbury, Applicant. . *200, 000 Clearbrook, Deep Lake..........---- 4,000
Michigan: Steenerson Lake.......---.-------- 4,000
Bessemer, Spring Creek.-.......-.---- 2, 000 St. Paul, State fish commission... .- *200, 000
Crystal Falls, Holmes Lake.......-. 4,000 Tamarack, Sandy Lakes............ 10, 000
SINT EI VED ss cree nace eecee ccc 4,000 || Montana: Forest Grove, Snider’s pond. 3,000
Ewen, Ontonagon River.........-.- 4,000 || New Hampshire: Conicut, Lake Tarle-
Ishpeming, Cedar Lake..........--- 2, 000 HON oon eee ee eencin n> iscceceneae 5,500
Skandia, Foster Creek............... 1,500 || New Jersey: Hackettstown, State fish
Watersmeet, Trout Creek........-.. 4,000 GOMMISSION see w= ot aes eL Ree *100, 000
Minnesota: New York:
Brimson, Mollie Lake..............- 6, 000 Caledonia, State fish commission... - . *300, 000
Central Lakes, Crystal Lake......... 5,000 Dunraven, State fish commission... . *200, 000
Chisago City, Green Lake.........-.- 10, 000 North Creek, Thirteenth Lake....... 1,500

a Loss in transit, 13,335 fry.

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

STEELHEAD—Continued.

25

Disposition. Number. | Disposition. Number.
New York—Continued. Washington—Continued.

Oakdale, Great River........------- *100, 000 North River ss.s. 22h. steerer 8, 000

Raquette Lake, Lake Kamso....---- *25, 000 Summit Lake. -=.--\.s2s-2saeeeoee 6, 000

Stamford, Beaver Creek........-.--- 1,500 West Wishkah River....-...-.--- 8, 000

Tuxedo, Tuxedo Lake..........---- *25, 000 Baker Lake, Baker Lake...----..---- 66, 510

North Dakota: St. J ohn, State fish Bellingham, Lake Louise......------ 5, 000

ROM MISSION yas sere taeen MEO eet ee *100, 000 Birdsview, Day Creek...--...------- 15, 000

Oregon: Grandy: Creek: =: - s-=..cs4 S45 Saree 1, 075, 000

Applegate, Applegate Creek.......-- 734, 500 Will Creek:.2... 3... Seas See 45,

Bonneville, State fish commission. ..| *1,037, 600 Phinney, Creek. «2.3995. 25es See 45, 000

Butte Falls, State fish commission... *690, 000 Skacipiiver 9s 0 Uli. ences se 198, 000

Clackamas, ‘Clackamas River......-. 286, 500 Brinnon, Docewallips River... ------ +235, 000
Mali Orepk' 00 Wyk) She ee 10, 000 Little:Beef: Creek. 3: 323-3 Oas eee +7, 800

Estacada, Clackamas River...-.----- 40, 750 Chewelah, Deer Lake...........---- 3,500

Mountain Lake, Clackamas River, Duckabush, Duckabush River...--- +689, 700
SOY KH AO 16) ol Seay eae eo aR 1, 600 Kelso, Ostrander Creek, South Fork. 3, 000

Trail, Rogue River..-....----.------ 128, 600 Northport, Deep Lake........--.--- 3,500

Vermont: Quilcene, Big Quilcene River.-..-..--. +476) 500

Brattleboro, West River. .--.-..--.-.-- 2,500 Little Quilcene River..........--- +150, 000

Groton, Wells River. ......-.-24--:-2 680 Sand Creek, Sand Creek 4 000

Holden, Chittenden Pond.-.-.....-.-- 7,000 Sultan, Elwell Creek....-..---..---- $353, 500

Orleans, Willoughby River.....--.-- 3,700 || Wisconsin:

Pawlet, Metowee River..----.-.----- 1, 250 Cable; Williams Lake..22£.) 2222.3 4,000

Roxbury, State fish commission... - *200, 000 Grand View, Aitkins Lake-.-..-..-.--- 4,000

Rutland, Button Brook.......-.----- 2, 000 Muscalonge Lake....-.:/.....----- 4,000
iBimierald! ake 4.2226 ewe eet 1, 259 Mavlor Wake.ss2252- cusses eee 4, 000
SCOUMBTOOK! >. 5.2 SOG Ss eee sk we 2, 000 Upper Clam Lakers oui 29 Ret 6, 000
Sunsetakesscc. sh2bus. sssesisss 1, 250 Salmo, Raspberry Creek.........--- 4,000

St. Johnsbury, Joes Pond.........-- 1, 000 SIOUX RVI ee secre eee ee ener 5, 000
MooserR Ivan it eases 2282 Sece 1, 000 Waupaca, Little Wolf River, South
pleepers River -.;-.<.-.-==sieW-3aee0 3, 000 Branch: ) 23s -- Sete as aees-ee 10, 000

South Royalton, White River, Wyoming:

VARCENOI 2.228)5 sas 2 ee eet ae 6, 000 Laramie, State fish commission. -- -. *100, 000
South Ryegate, Round Pond......-. 2, 000 North Platte, North Platte River... 9, 500
Waterbury, Waterbury River......- 6, 120 ——

Washington: *3, 237, 600

Aberdeen, East Wishkah River..... 6, 000 Totalas. 2 4s yan ees ee 2, 040, 710

NE WSKARIRIVOER: ot)... 242. seasedios 6, 000 2,061, 709
RAINBOW TROUT.

Alabama: Chandler Springs, Chandler Colorado—Continued.
PI CEROSMONER Keo Fos oes mn ales ose 600 Norrie, Deeds Creek......,..-.------ 2,000
Arkansas: Ophir, "Howard Fork Lake........-- 1,000
Harrison, Mill Creeks =: (25 et aasee 2, 500 Ouray, BlueLake).-23..42-cas sees 1,500
Lewisville, Dobson’s pond........-. 172 MakeWenore sak « sacsket. «sates ee 1,000
California: Parshall, Keyser Creek....-.....---- 2,000

Baird, McCloud River. ...........-- 14, 450 Rifley WihitéesRiversn2: - sscs25-ees- 2,000

Hornbrook, Klamath River....:..-- 11, 200 White River, South Fork........- 1, 500

Point Reyes, Lime Gulch Creek..-.-. | +25, 000 Rosemont, Abbott’s pond.......-.-- 500

Colorado: Ruedi, Ford and Henderson Lake. - . 4,000

Almond, “mast River:......--.-\-.98<s 1,500 Erying Pan River: tsaysisek te -8 4,000

Antero, "Antero Reservoir..--..-..-- 52, 500 BRuedi'Creek2<*.......cssaie dostose 2,000

‘Austin, Surface Creek, West Fork.. 1,000 Ruedithaketssasccmecess cistern 4,000

Bowie, ‘Hubbard Creek.........-..-- 2,000 Smith Creek: - 3022 Slee eeersBeesd: 2,000

Castles, Taylor Creek.....-.-...:-.<- 2,000 Salida, Cochetopa Creek.........---- 1,000

Debeque, Leon Creek......... ree 2, 000 South Arkansas River. .........-- 1, 500
MGSO AKO. socceesccee--5-- 5, 000 Sapinero, Gunnison River.......--..- 1, 500

Delta, Surface Creek... 2. -.226.4-s<< 4,000 Sellar, Cunningham Creek........-..- 1,000

Durango, Conejos River 1,500 Sloss, Frying Pan River. .........-- 4,000
MOtatOMeaKe. seas. coe = seco @ 1,500 Rocky Fork Creek. ......2:---+-:- 2,000

Estes Park, Big Thompson River, Steamboat Springs, Walton Creek
Boniaiiigskes 15, 000 Bond s2822 = ites. Sees 500

Florissant, Crystal Peak Pond...... 500 Vasquez, Little Vasquez Creek...... 500

Fraser, Little St. Louis Creek....... 500 Walden, Michigan River........-.-- 10, 000

Granby, Beaver Lake............... 2,000 North Platte River.......-...-.-- 10, 000
GIANG UE saan ass osc minegaeles 2,000 Weston, Russell Lake...........-..- 6, 000

Hillside, Angico Pond..........-..-. 2, 500 Connecticut: Taconic, Ward Brook.... 1,007

Leadville , Lower Evergreen Lake... 6,000 || Georgia:

Loveland, Big Thompson River..... 11,000 Asbestos, Merritt Creek............- 2,000
Big Thompson River, North Fork. 19, 000 Blue Ridge, Big Rock Creek.......- 1, 600
Big Thompson River, South Fork. 21, 000 Big Skeenah Creek..........-...-- 1, 600
Platte River, Millers Fork ........ 8, 000 Cooper Creek......-- : 1, 200

oe Priest Lakes, Lutz’s Fightingtown Creek 800

woe dear eobndig tenia eatin 5 1,000 Noontootla Creek.......-------.-- 1, 600

Moffat, Lutz’s meee fy 500 eccoa River. - cs. 2-2 qeseuuee twee 1, 200

a Lost in transit, 3,500 fingerlings.

AS) DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.
RAINBOW TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Georgia—Continued. Minnesota:
Cartersville, Allatoona Creek ........ 1, 200 Caledonia, Badger Creek............ 500
Mnocoon Creek vac oa. eae 800 @rooked Creek - .2sss25 jceact see 500
Stamp Creek cio o<) sates ee eee 1, 200 East Beaver Creek...........--.-- 500
Cleveland, Cathy Creek........-..-- 6, 000 Tnish' Creek 7c. <n toca seer eaeee 500
a | POOR ME ee Cee tees es 5, 000 Minneapolis, Nine Mile Creek... ....- 2, 500
Shoal Croek.0230 . 4s) Seas ato 4,000 St. Paul Park, Okoboji Lake. . ..... 1,000
Helen, Mitchells Lake..............- 1,000 Winona, Ginthers Creek..........-- 600
Hiawassee, Swallow Creek. .......-- 6,000 wStockton! Creek: = Solem aeeeee eee 600
Robertstown, Briar Creek.......-..- 2,000 || Mississippi: Pachuta, Horse. Shoe
PodderiCreeksi 52252 cae 5,000 ORG A: . Benes hese s habe: eee 1, 800
Soapstone Creek. ..............--- 5,000 || Missouri:
Tiger, Hitower Creek..............-- 3, 000 Browns Spring, Spring Creek........ 300
Idaho: Cabool, Big Piney River, Upper.... 250
Albany Falls, Vane Lakes 1, 600 Exeter, Flat Creek.................. 600
Bellevue, Spring Creek.......... 5, 000 FROSTING RAVER arias sone cee eae 2, 600
Boise, Big Spring Creek..... 7, 500 Fairview, Barber Lake........----.- 1, 235
Blackfoot River...........-.-- 15, 000 Joplin, Jenkins Creek. ..........-.-- 2,500
Bintalo: Creek. o.5.4a2eee eee 10,000 Lebanon, Bennett Spring River. - -. 91
Most Riversccossec hts ae 18,750 ig Ha Tonka akes. ce-eeee eee 250
Wood Rivers.c.ei coe suet kee 18, 750 Neosho, Hickory Creek. .......----- 8, 090
Lakeport, Payette River............ 20, 000 Newburg, Kaintuck Creek.......--- 5,000
Spirit Lake, Spirit Lake. ........... 12, 800 Noel) Ek River... 2 sss. --ees Sasa 4,000
THlinois: Northview, Pomme de Terre River. 300
Cary Station, Highland Creek....... 1,000 Turn-bull Creek-3...seee bs. see 300
Chicago, Applicant... ....<........se2 *2, 000 Pineville, Little Sugar Creek......-- 3, 600
Spring Grove, State fish commission. *50, 000 Rolla, Little Piney River.........-. 9, 000
Indiana: Warsaw, McKrill’s pond..... 3,000 St. James, Meramec Spring Pond... 4,125
Towa: North Meramec River...........-- 150
Cedar Rapids, Coe College. .......-.. *2, 000 St. Joseph, State fish commission... *98, 400
Harts Ranch Siding, Little Paint Steelville, Dry Creek........-.-2-.-5 75
Creel ese er ces sa ces antes eee 1,000 Verona, Spring River.............-. 8, 000
Paint Creek 25350 isiee_ er gi 2,000 Wayne, Eden’s pond.....-.....---- 2, 500
Jackson Junction, Goddard Creek... 2,000 || Montana:
Manchester, Head of Spring Branch.. 1,500 Anaconda, State fish commission... . +153, 000
Monona, Willow Lake. ...........-. 1,000 Arles Jocko Riverscsic osacee see 3, 750
NortheMcGregor, Bloody Run. . ..- 2,000 Valley Creek cic 5. aycisl fi ee 3, 750
Douseman, Coulee Creek ...... 2, 500 Belgrade, Bull Run........-..------ 6, 000
Sioux City, Spring Valley Creek... .. 1,000 Cottonwood Creek. ........-...--- 8,000
Waterville, Paint Creek............. 2, 500 Dry; Creek a... cee hs sone ee ae eee 3,000
ee Mast Gallatin River-.-:ssssseescee 3,000
Dione, Kentucky River, Poor Fork... 1, 560 Middle'Creek.. 5. 12s. <2sscssqueee 3,000
Gatun, Kentucky River, Clover PassiCretk. <.cdicjcesueunesaeeet 3,000
La) ol AR EUS ets hk ee 1,650 eeseiCrpeke e202) 42 aly ee 3,000
Harlan, Kentucky River, Martin Ross'Creeket 7 Se eee 3, 000
Morke 2osieeesisecdstaccse tee 1, 650 Sixteen Mile Creek..::.-....:.2.22 3, 000
Jeffersontown, Osterholt’s pond..... 1,000 ‘ThonipsoniCreek: 822 oss ae 3,000
Livingston, Sinking Creek.......... 660 West Gallatin River. ............. 3,000
Nubert, Kentucky River, Clover Billings, Spring Creek............--- 7,500
Woneec biced Gdacaersdetoe, see 1,330 Box Elder, Cowan’s pond........... 3, 750 3
Pineville, Kentucky River, Clear Boyd, Red Lodge Creek..........-- 6, 000
NOK .n\ensistewsddou see teeter 1, 650 Bozeman, Brackett Creek........-..- 2,500
Rhea, Kentucky River, Poor Fork.. 1, 500 Bridger Creeki) 2.2 te eee 2,500
Maine: Buck Creek ooc0 550s eee eee 2,000
Farmington, Clearwater Lake....... 4,000 Cache Creek: wos seccz cae e eee 2,000
Portland, Crooked River..........-- 4,000 Gherry Creeks <3 2.2.25). eee 2,000
Maryland: Fransham Creek. 220 eres 2,000
Baltimore, Applicant. .............- *6, 800 Lava. Lake ss0sssaiees. cee ae ce 25, 000
Deer Park, Altamont Lake.... 600 | Meadow Creek ascerssecet.-s<sceee 2,000
Frostburg, School House Run 300 Middle Créekee.wissscaetes ee cet 13, 000
Hagerstown, City Park Lake.. 2,000 Mystic Lake. .... 2,000
Oakland, Cherry Creek........ 300 North Twin Lake 2,000
Deep Creek -cccseco teil 2 LSP 300 O? Dell Creek ease ses oan e ee 2,000
Dunkard Lick Run=--5)-220!2 2s 300 Ole'Olsonake.te ures as once 2,000
Massachusetts: Passi Credktanestee nck on we ewe ones 2,000 :
Athol, Swift River, East Branch.... 3, 000 Pine Creek eeece ie ase co saieiee kine 2,000 |
Leominster, Wickeepickee Vrook..-- 3, 000 Rocky Creeks at vee cns sone 2, 500
Lowell, Burgess Pond.....-.......-- 2,000 Sage Cresiceee ter ote e cot moa 2, 500
Forge: Pond eiveves sence et 3,000 Sales Takao etore eo ee 2,500
MONE Pond: s22sc5 ds serene ee ve eee 3,000 Sixteen Mile Creek...............- 3,000 :
Long-Sought-For Pond. ......-..-. 2,000 South Taylor Creek............... 2,000 :
Spectacle Pond................-.. 3,000 South fwin Wakes 2. oes ene ee 2,000 1
Michigan: Story Wakes. is Aol ea 2,000
Branch, Pere Marquette River...... 6, 000 Pay loriGregkecs ie see cw enigerare 3,000
Metamore, Brandts Creek. .......-.- +6, 000 West Rainbow Lake.............. 2, 400
Montrose, Glenn Lake. ............. 1 Oop Browning, Arnoux Creek.......-.-- 2,000
Mount Pleasant, Chippewa River... 6, 000 Cut Bank Creek, North Fork. .... 4,000
Owosso, Applicant......../.....-..- *180, 000 Cut Bank Creek, South Fork..... 1,000
Maple River Branch. ...........-. +3, 000 i Creek <2. ee oe oe 2,000
Wingleton, Pere Marquette River... 6,000 Mist iron Creek. .csciscceceee snes 2,000

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

RAINBOW TROUT—Continued.

27

Disposition.

Montana—Continued.

Browning—Continued.
Greasewood Creek........-.------
Livermore Creek..........---
Milk River, Middle Fork.. y
Milk River, South Fork........-.
hWwttlomi@reek: ies eae ccuceeache.
Bynum, Farmers Lake. .........---
Cascade, Lake Thirty Five..........
Deli eBasin Creeks Hi 022 25265254 -05%:
DAPGOTOOKS oe teem as Sees eee cere
Dillon, Best’s
Magar, Pryor Creek. ..5-2 22+. se<0
Forest Grove, Flat Willow Creek,
Sombie dw One es ese aee s ae
MeCartney Creek. : 5.2.22 025-2522
Glacier Park, Gunsight Lake-........
Great Falls, Elk Run Creek.........
Hilger, Moccasin Creek.........-----
Lewistown, Casino Creek. --.......-..
Libby, Parmenter Creek... -.....-..-
Malta, Beaver Creek. ............---
Manhattan, Camp Creek
Gibson! Creeks 222 2 2...
Oyler Creek.2:-:-.......
Martindale, Trail Creek. ....
Missoula, Belmont Creek
Big Blackfoot River. -..........-.-.
Clearwater River........----.---+--
BET OreGkseet snes ss cata ice
Mibowslakee oso. scccscreacsceses
(0) Col OF G(2) een en pee a

MBCIOUMMAREG et osc co Stele saab ss
Monida, Picnic Sprig Pond s<.c2.-
Moccasin, Louse Creek......-.....--
Plains, Kelly Lake........-....-.---
Red Lodge, Rosebud River.........
Stevensville, Bitter Root River,

Bardi Work’. 20. see

Smith Slough Creek...
Spring Creek..........
pwanip | Creekaice. occ. swastese ee
Sweet Grass, Maverick Lake........
Townsend, Deep Creeks aes: setae
Whitefish, Beaver Lake............-
Winitefish Wake’ <2. 5ose eee eee
Yellowstone, Madison River, South
POT Nal Salar. Lipase cen ota ee
Nebraska:
Kilgore, Spring Creek.............-.
Lakeside, a yler’s pond <2. -ha:2 28%
Rushville, American Horse Creek...
Medicine Root Creek............-.
No: lesh\ Creek. .. 2222 <dueh asec
PPITIGMOTOCK aa abe oe 2 os aie assoc eiae
White Clay Creek.........--...---
Nevada:
HilyeADpliean teenie 4 5 odac Ja ue ee
Verdi, Truckee River and tributa- \
TIOG Ee ee Nes neni Sess bee.
New Hampshire:
Bennington, North Branch River... .
Campton, Ellsworth Pond.......-..
Enfield, (Cole Dente osc6 conc. <0
Keene, Ashuelot River............--
Meredith, Lake Winnepesaukee.....
Newport, Sugar River, North
Pani Cli steerer sos oats ae
Sugar River, South Branch...-..-.
Potter Place, Cole Pond...........-..
Warren, State fish commission. .....
New Jersey:
Englewood, East Northvale Brook. -
Hackettstown, State fish commission
Whippany, Bagdley Brook........-.

Number.

5;

2,500

.

wo ++
NSYVVON LS LPIA AOF

+
Po

Sera wens

.

*
_
Sows
et at ey

g E
S85 S882 S222 288 S88888S 8 888288

Disposition.

New Mexico:
Chama, Chama River..........-..--
Chamita, Santa Clara Creek.......--
Clovis} Paylors pond +s=.- 22. sans
Costilla, Costilla Creek.........--..--
Embudo, Penasco Creek.......-.-.--
Glorieta, Stewart Lake.........-.---
Las Vegas, Calf Canyon Run........
Pout Fork Gallinas River, branch
Of mS ose one wae aee see
Parkigpring Wakes sce sees scm mese
Rioideba Casao sc 328 ce see tene as
Santa Fe, Tesuque River..........-.
9. Taos "Benteur Wake. oo... seaceeee
Wagon Mound, Spring Canon Creek.

New York:

Auburn, North Brook...............
Owaseo) Lakeiiss su esses ee
Sennetubrook ee seeee ses cess

Forestport, Little Woodhull Creek. .
Gouverneur, Silvia Lake............
Great Bend, Black Creek...........-
Hornell, Canacadea Creek

Canisteo: Creele. 6 5. se. wceciaeeeis

Lafargeville, Catfish Creek.........--

Newton Falls, Grasse River... -. are

New York City, Aquarium..........

Port Jervis, Shinglekill Creek..... Sat

Syracuse, Butternut Creek.........-
Limestone! Creek.) 22-050 seeceaeien
Nine) Mile Creeke 26-25 secee contre.

North Carolina:

Black Mountain, Long Branch......
Swannanoa River, North Fork....
Swannanoa River, Sugar Fork...-

Bowie, Pine Swamp Creek........-.

Brevard, Kings Creek............-.-

Cherryfield, Cherryfield Creek.......

Darby, Buffalo Creek, Joes Fork.....
DugperiCreeks. 2.o2. 5. sees ose:
Maurel! Creeks... 2. cers eee
Laurel Creek, Flannery Fork......
Little Dugger Creek...........-..-
PePsibranchnee osaneticee sen ceceees
iRock#House Creel s-.52 4-50 462 6c
Upper Buffalo Creek.............-
Upper Blk Creek . 2: <2cjc-ncissiee
Yadkin River, Upper Stony Fork.

Denny. bobs Branch. 2). jean seneten

Doughton, Sandy Creek............-

Hikin SWIaG Creeks 52-222 sec esa astee
Mitchells River, South Fork.......
Wood! Creek: 2.25 ss F8eo 5 scan

Elkland, Elk Creek..................
Little Wik Creek... << .05.<2<.-2%
New Riveris. 2s. See as waa conc eoes

Elkville, Ready Branch..........-.-

Forney, Forney Creek.........-..---

Hendersonville, Hickory Creek......
Mill Credk 2s. ess See ge ere
Punchan Camp Creek.......--...--

Hickory, Mountain Creek........-..-

Highlands, Adams pond............-

Hot Springs, Little Creek............

Huntdale, Big Creek..............--

Linville, Linville River.........-.--
Wrataiga Rivercssssc<.<c0c-5-scle 4:

McNeil, Masters Branch..........--.
Wantla Orablet zi. 40-0 /ustnuoue

Marion, Buck Creek.............-.---
South\Poe River... 3.22.26. ee

Marley Ford, Yadkin River, South

UO WASH OT Kate es a ccreraicatqemsiteesbicle
Yadkin River, Ston

Montezuma, Chestnut Heights Lake.

Mortimer, Crooked Creek ...........

Newland, Kentucky Creek........-..
MROBVRAVED So mite acinerwSseeasasoonts

Number.

a
DO 9

He H= GO C2 01 00 > C2 00 00 HR OO 0100 He OD

wv Se ee

a es

—s

hore) Seth gel cll aoe a ce el Sl el cl SS ae Sh ed

we SY SS

ety

i

we ee SN Se

or

SSSE55 SESSSSSSSSSSSESSSSSSSSSSESSSSSESSEESESS SSSESSESSESEESSESE

Berepnr

28 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

RAINBOW TROUT—Continued.

Disposition.

North Carolina—Continued.
Noland, Noland Creek.........--

North Wilkesboro, Halls Creek....-- 2,100 Howland Creek
Mulberry Creek.......------------ 1, 400 Tadian Thin: sscer-eeeene
Old Fort, Catawba River, North DONGS Hy Soccer
Works. 5 cae Fee ase eee sete. 750 eit Rune ee
Pineola, Linville River...-.-.------- 1,040 Went Rims ene ee oe es
pees Wreckiisas sakeee ce ce are 1, 875 Lent Hollow Run
Pisgah Forest, Davidson River and Wiles Rum sss. essences
AMIDUILAR IES eee eee see ae ancl m= 8, 000 PattenssRUMs ease eee
Selica, Cathey Creek.....-...-------- 6, 000 Ruse Branch. ---<- 22222.
Sevier, Crab Tree Creek......-.----- 10, 000 Seibert Run......--- See
Shulls Mills, Watauga River....-.--- 28, 000 Sherwood Creek
Thurmond, White Oak Creek..--..-- 2, 800 Sinking Branch
Royal City Creek.........--------- if Spoore Run........-. :
Tuxedo, Green River....----------- 2, 100 BLONO MUM se ee eee eee
Rock @reeke: ssc aoe eyes cme mais 1, 400 Toles Hollow Run
Ohio: Williams Run
Bellefontaine, Mad River, Head- Wolfie sine ee ease
WATOL SASS sao cee te aeas cle +6, 000 Doylestown, Mountain Run
Reus @reeks.3 22 522s eee Sees eee +6, 000 Tinicum Creek
Oklahoma: Dudley, Trough Creek
Ada, Byrds Mill Creek......-.------ 300 East Mahoney, Lakewood Lake. .---
Crescent, Kellys Lake. -...-..-------- 100 Easton, Bushkill Creek
Oregon: Ebensburg, Davis Creek
Lakeside, Eel Lake.--.....--.------- 5, 000 Pry.celGreekie sais ss snes
Ken Milotuakess-225254s25--a0°-- 5, 000 Everett, Oregon Creek
Pennsylvania: Fairview, Lent Woods Creek
Altoona, Canoe Run........--------- 15, 000 Forks, Fishing Creek.....----------
Piney Creek-......---------------- 21, 600 Garden, Trout Creek
SinkempeRn sees ese e eee ese 19, 600 Valley Creek.-..-.-------
Wanscoy.cenivllerte = ass aero 15, 000 Gardner, Gardner Creek
Aspinwall, Hickory Spring Lake..-. 1, 400 Hellertown, Saucon Creek

Bellwood, Bells Gap Creek

Logan Spring Dake:. 0-2 cic 1, 200 Howellville, Valley Creek and
Band ysitiiniee teas cseen ee 1, 800 pranchés sss. ses sess
Rip tom ayia ees eee ee 1, 800 Hughesville, Big Muncy Creek
Bridgeport, Crow Creek......------- 1, 500 Little Muncy Creek
Carlisle, School Farm Pond 1, 000 Muncy Creek......------
Chambersburg, Caledonia Creek 5, 500 Johnstown, Alwine Run
Falling Spring Run...-....-------- 17, 825 Baker Bana se se eee
PPOOr HLOUSG RUN: scence sess = = 4, 250 Beaver Run (A)
Sanatarium Lake..........-------- 425 Beaver Run (B)
Clearfield, Albert Run.......-.------ 1, 000 Bens Creek-!4ee cas fee 22
Alder Rimi ss: dso-e <a Se ceenee 1,000 Bens Creek, North Fork....-..-.---
Bald PEA RAmM). oases eee eel 1,000 Bens Creek, South Fork
lepitecind iota eee Renae eR enoemsoG 1,000 Big Spring Run
Com Reese eects aeeeer eae 1, 000 Breast Work Run
Cold ikke esasacee eee ele ser 1, 000 Canfield Runs: 22232. 2-5
Wagar |b Sheen ae waamoreeopcn 1, 000 Daily Draft Creek
Oyphers vate ot sesh ss eer ee seeeee 1,000 Malton Mines s peewee se ee eee
Dixon Run....-. Sele Selecteer esos = 1,000 Dalton Run, Left Fork
OTANI csieneiee ees ee eens 1, 000 Hinckston Run
Green PU. we acmade iene eee 1,000 Hinckston Run, Right Fork
Guttord Runs eseet seco ees ee tees 1,000 Laurel Run (A)
HOON HEV UINe evel otetrsrart eit eisiseierer 1,000 Laurel Run (B
IKnepp RNa. feeeeees ceeneenees 1,000 Laurel Run, Left Fork
CTING | RyLDNe oe sroo cretetacicrataialeielot a-ateiete 1,000 Tick Run see. Jee eo eon as
Leonard Run........- 1,000 MinhartiR UN csoe see eee see
Little Moravian Creek...........-- 1, 000 Little Mill Creek (A)
Tittle DroviweUMsccsomcewie= teeter 1, 000 Little Mill Creek (B)
Little Trout Run, left-hand branch 1,000 Mill Creek (3)
i Vvin PStOM Eee elaeen gee awicere ese 1,000 Mill Creek (B).
AOSb EID se janine tes eee eee 1, 000 Mill Creek, Left Fork (A)
Moravian Rin. .ce sess cee ao-'s 1,000 Millor Rumseeesesee ee. eases
Mosquito Creeks. ---ceese soo e es - 1,000 Mishler Run...-.-- SES eee
Pino Hollow Ril. seed. s ste. ~- se 1, 000 O’Connor Run ae i
Rock Hollow Rim-. 2-32 -2- 2. 1, 000 Powder Mill Run
Sanders) Big: Rime. seen - sca sent 1, 000 Rachels Run......-------
DSandersi RW. ne oacmsyaade abs c eee 1, 000 (Red! Rup sesseacen cn senee
Sprice HuUnK q...- <<cmeemene ses4 seme 1, 000 Salt Lick Creek
DSULUIMELOUISG RES ees ieasetn rosie : 1, 000 Salt Lick Creek, Right Fork. ..--.-
[Ese 1 Al 8905 0 Re See. EEE 1,000 Shinglowumes... 2: . 0. = See
WV Lt EVD s casicslcmcmcineteiee tae ee 1, 000 Solomons Run
Woodland) Rian. sestieasetes-:.-2 1,000 Solomons Run, Right Fork
LOTIOSS Evitliegisn-aqaeeeeascoe te 1, 000 Sugar Runes. cos... 22sec. ase -beee
Coudersport, Colcord Creek....------ 1,000 Sugar Run Pond
Mees Hinuie.coecrsees see eeen==l-s 1,000 Sugar Run Pond, Lower
(ennier Branch. ...- sce sccisente == 1,000 Tub Mill Creek
GTGOn RUN descus cetseee teuveccee= 1,500 Wildcat Run...

Number. Disposition.

1, 800 Hollidaysburg

Pennsylvania—Continued.
ee 8, 000 Coudersport, Healks Run

wee eeee Sewer eec renee

Number.

5238888

RR eee Ree ee
3

uuu Uwe we Se

BSSSSS5S222S35EES5

ws ee Se ee NN

orp Soro
8

REND ReENN REE SENN NR RRR RRR Rr
Ssssssssssssssssss Beusss

OE ee)

Pel pe ek ek pe peek et et et OD

wwe NEN OE

Ce

1, 400

wwewewwvwe
eS

w_wweve

SSSSSSSSoSsSssss

we

BWI S ESE Ss &

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 29

Distribution of fish and’eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

RAINBOW TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Pennsylvania—Continued. South Dakota—Continued.
King of Prussia, Trout Creek and |. Mystic, Castle Creek................. 2,000
DEL IG Scene aE ee Aer sore a 1,500 Nahant. Hop Creek 22.3 30a eee 1,000
Knoxville, Kings ONCE aenaaee vets 500 Little Rapid Creek................ 1,000
Lititz, Poplar Run, West Branch.... 2,250 Middle Box Elder Creek. ......... 2,000
Media, Ridley Creek.........---.--- 2,000 Nigger'Creek:*\ Balas geet 1,000
Nanty Glo, Evans Run............- 1, 200 Rapid Creok =". Wyeth hagas 1,000
Mary Powell Run.-.. 2: ----....-.- 1, 200 Rapid Creek, North Branch.._.... 1,000
New Centerville, Crow Creek.....--- 1,000 Newell, Phillips’s pond...._.......- 2,000
Gulph Creek and branches. ....--- 2,000 Piedmont, Big Elk Creek......__._- 3, 000
Trout Creek and branches.....-.--.- 1,500 || . Rapid City, Barker s pond.......... 1, 000
Valley Creek and branches........ 2, 500 BoerellPond sso 5 head ee 2) 000
A dead Hunters Valley Creek... .- 3,000 Mahoney’s pond..............)dL- +1,000
Northbrook, Glen Hall Creek...-...- 2,100 Minnelusa| Creek. 2 onal unn anne 1,000
Oil City, Camp 23 Run...........-.- 2,000 Rapid Creekc.. aaa) Sn aehe aie +1, 000
Paoli Road, Trout Creek and Rochford, Castle Creek.............- 1,000
branches........---------------- 1, 500 Riley Ponds...) o- eas eee 1, 000
Valley Creek and branches...-...- 4,500 Savoy, Breakneck Gulch Run....... 73, 000
Planebrook, Crook Creek......-.--.- 1,500 Little Spearfish Creek...._........ +8, 000
Trout Creek and branches. .---. eo 1,500 Spearfish’ Oreck. aseii us mien oie +4, 000
Pleasant Mount, State fish commis- Spearfish, Boyden Spring Branch... +1, 000
SION......------ +--+. ------+-++----- *50, 000 Crow Creek, Upper Branch........ 71, 000
Richland, Bennetch Lake....-...... 500 Hulis\Creek" 04"). aa +1,000
Krumstown Creek. ...--.--------- 500 La Plant, Creeic eee ee +1, 000
Mill Creek.........-..------------- 500 Nicholls’s pond). 53. sae +1, 000
Millard Lake.....--........------- 500 Nicholls Spring Branch.........-.. 1.000
Stricklerstown Creek.......-.----- 500 INiivass pond in sumer amen arate 1.000
St. Clair, Silver Creek Pond.......-- 2,000 Piancesenlcer Steen eke era +1,000-
Smithfield, Sandy Grecks i eacs es 2, 800 . Ranch Oreck Gens welsh ey pce +1, 000
Somerfield, Laurel Run............- 2, 800 Redwater Power Canal..__..._... +1, 000
Strattonville, Zagst’s pond 2,000 Robinson Lake*.....-.2....:....5 1.000
Tamaqua, Cramers Run.......--.--- 1, 000 Marit nee Kamer s anne aan cm 3,000
Toby Run. .-........-.-.-----.--- 1,000 Schmidt Creek ::-...,.-.<u:ih lol +1, 000
Troy, Leonard Creek.......-----.--- 3,000 Spearfish Creek......... +5, 000
Tryonville, Olson’s pond......-..--- 3,000 Spring Branch. Slee ti wel nied +1,000
Uniontown, Seaton’s lake.........-. 2, 100 Swamp Cresk... fas aceee BE, +1, 000
Warfordsburg, Green Valley Pond. - 700 Sturgis, Bear Butte Creck........... +2, 000
Waynesboro, East Antietam Creek.. 6, 000 Spring Creek. »., e085} sends. oo 1, 000
Red Run....--.---------+-2+----+- 3,000 || Tilford, Morse Pond..............--- 1, 000
West Chester, Valley Creek. .-....-.. 3,000 |] Tennessee:
Williamsport, Loyalsock Creek.-.... 4,000 Browns, Laurel Creek 1.600
Windber, Dark Shade Creek.......- 1,800 |} Chattanooga, Rainbow Lake........ ” 500
South Carolina: Stanley Creek... ein) came 725
Mount Croghan, Short’s pond........ 1,000 || Elkmont, Bear Wallow Creek... ...- 1, 600
Pickens, Little Mountain Creek... -- 3, 000 Takes (OSE Keg eS 5° 600
Mountain Creek..............-.--- 3, 000 WTHOUR IGG cole, ly ec 4. 400
Rock Laurel Creek.....-..-.....-- 2,000 | Little River, Fast Prong.......... 3000
SEEDER RAY Ole og ans 3, 000 Little River, West Prong.........- 2} 000
Whitewater River.....-...-...-.- 4,000 Pigeon River 2’ 000
Walhalla, Chattooga River, East Wrwain. North ludiam’Creek || lfuls a 612
Branch.....---.-.-.----2-++++--- 4,800 Spring Branch.................... 2,425
Devils Fork Creek..-.-...--...-.-- 4,000 Farner, Coker Creek................ * 800
Devils Fork Creek, East Branch... 3, 200 Huntland, Reynolds Lake.......... , 600
Devils Fork Creek, West Branch... 4,000 || Johnson City, Sinking Creek.......| 1, 400
Indian Camp Creek......-.-.-.-.- 4,000 || Jonesboro, Broyles Creek.........-.. 2, 000
Moody Creek.......--------+--+--- 3, 200 McFarland, Coca Creek............-- 800
_ Whitewater River.........----.-.- 8,000 Newport, Sinking Creek............. 975
South Dakota: Noeton, Holston River.............. 1,600
Brennan, Wounded Knee Creek..... 2,000 Probst, Lost Creek 800
Buffalo Gap, Beaver Creek...-.---.- 7,000 || Roan Mountain, Heaton Greek... 6, 000
BlsckiPal Rian asosc Soret estes iA 000 Shell Creek... is ep aie Me eos, 10. 000
Elmore, Spearfish Creek. -.....-.-... +2, 000 Wonderland Park, Laurel Creek. ... 1, 800
Englewood, Bogus Jum Creek....-.. 6, 000 Little River 2 : 2’ 000
Be alder TOOK syst state sec ese 4,000 |) Utah: a ery Deuce etree S Any fae 2
2225 EGS ek eI ae {2,000 || " Provo, Strong’s pond 1,000
Loh hols) SPR oe a 71,000 || Salt Lake City, Bowen's pond....... ” 500
Landis Creek, Southeast Fork..... 1,000 aa AWN HS ROUND. aad z
roan Cer het Branch: ..:_- 1,000 aaees be 25) I UE SEE Seo eae ate
ou MANCHA te iene eactes 1, 000 ; - oe
Spearfish Creek, South Branch....| ~ Wi 000 || Marshfield, Winooski River......... 2,000
pper Thalcome ides wee Be Wee +1,000 Newport, Clyde River............... 1,000
Fairburn, Dry Creek..........------ 1,000 North Troy, Mississiquoi River. ..-. 1,000
Mronch) Greek sects ware sa'se ee 2,000 || Virginia:
Hill City, Spring Creek ............. 4,000 Abingdon, White Top Creek........ 47,000
Hot Springs, Cascade Creek.......... 2,000 Alleghany, Dunlaps Creek, Head-
Wind Cave Creek....... ete : 1,000 WHUCUSS ete tion ae oan 3 Sees 3,000
Maple River, Maple River..........- 2,000 Arcadia; MeWalls'Creek.-.0-, oo... 3, 200
Midland, Standaford’s pond......... 1,000 Atkins, Holston River, Middle Fork. 8, 000

Mitchell, Enemy Creek.............- 3,000 Nicks) Creekn a4. <.<5c<nanonccee 2,000

50

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

RAINBOW TROUT—Continued.

Fries Junction, Brushy Creek....---
Goodview, Jumping Run. ......----
Hardwood, Hayes Creek.......-----
Harriston, Moorman River.......---
Keezleton, Cub Run.............---

Mountain Rane eae. ee eeaer eee
Kimballton, Big Stony Creck......-
Lexington, Big Spring Pond.....-.-
Tyneabus , buftalo|Creek 322202 --<

eadow View, Moore Creek......-.-
Narrows, Mill Creek..........-
New Castle, Meadow Creek......
Pembroke, Little Stoney Creek......
Pulaskic Thorn, Ponde-s-.eessessnsse

Rural Retreat, Cripple Creek......-..
Shawsville, Anderson Run...-..-..---
Vaughan Creek. ...i2...0oeees 24.)
White House Creek........- ah
Shenandoah, Cub Run.........-.---
Snowden, Dancing Creek..........--
Otter Creek s.4.2 40st st aencne wee
Staunton, Mill Creek.............---
Stephenson, Turkey Run........-.--
Sylvatus, Green Creek............--
Laurel Fork Creek...........------
Tazewell, Beaver’s pond..........--
WoliCreek. oo.8 het Jee 5 eke

Washington:
Chewelah, Waitts Lake............-.
Colville, Applicant osBENRee Res Babonls
Everett, Applicant...........---2s-:
Sumner, Glen Acorn Pond..........
Spokane, Glen Tana Pond.........-

BpokaneuRiver. .)ccs-skceveene~s ve
Tacoma, Falls Creek........-..-----
Tonasket, Loots Coulee Creek... . - --
Vancouver, Battle Ground Lake....

Lewis River, East Fork......-..-.

Boek Cregk sis. deve wvonbevwenee? {

Nae Ss
sss

PWR WH NWHNOWNWHWOR RR WR Ree bh
ao
o

Ro Ne Ne weeNet ne Ne MeN Ne Ne Se Ne Ne Se

Sot et et
SSSSssssSssssss

No

Aniwa, Carpenter Creek.............
ONeill Creeks: 3222 sSeamcee aseseeee
Red Rivera: so0 <6. sees deseo.

Arcadia, American Valley Creek... -
Davis Creek

Disposition. Number. Disposition.
Virginia—Continued. West Virginia:
Bedford Otter River, Hales Fork... 2,400 Alexander, Bear Camp Run.......--
Otter River, North Fork.......... 1, 200 Buckhannon: Riverssssc ssc assess
Betty Baker, Burks Fork Creek..... 4, 800 Buckhannon River, Middle Fork. .
Blacksburg, Mill Creek............-. 1, 800 Elk River, North Fork...........-
Blue Ridge, Clark’s pond. .....--.--- 600 Lick Run...... DS anmeerc cee aee =e
Buchanan, Stoney Run..........--- 3, 200 Bowden, Cheat River, Shavers Fork .
Catawba, Catawba Creek... -.......- 2)400 || Caldwell, Monroe Draft Creek........
Catawba Creek, North Branch..... 2,000 Clover Lick, Clover Creek..........--
Christiansburg, Elliots Creek........ 2,000 Dobbin, Stony River Lake..........
Lawrence Pond......-..---------- 800 Edinburg, Trout Run.....-.....-...
Stony Creek:2--s<.ce deneencareeee 800 Elkins, Tygarts Valley River........
Struples Crook: 22. fie sceectete eee 1, 200 Glady, Cheat River, Glady Fork.....
Wilson Creek .<-)2)0 posccaeudenee 1, 200 Green Spring, Jenkins Pond.........
Damascus, Beaverdam Creek......-- 10, 000 Harman; Bigs une: = easne cee seeae
BirchiBranch=).c---sseee le ees 2,000 Booty Be BN eos oe en ee
Tennessee Laurel Creek........--- 10, 000 Dice Rune eee 5 ieee ee eee
White Top Laurel Creek.........- 10, 000 aure WES nee eeepc see
Delvale, Powells River, North Fork. 4, 200 Keyser, Mull Rin eee eee
Dolphin, Abernathy’s pond......-... 600 Martinsburg, Tuscarora Creek .....-.
Dryden, Ridge View Pond.........- , 000 Midvale, Long Run................-
East Radford, Conley Creek.......-- , 200 Parkersburg, Bailey’s pond.........
Meadow Creek.......-.-.--------- , 800 Raleigh, Glade Creek. < ._ - 2.22425.
Ellett, Lester Creek..........-5.:--- , 800 Richwood, Cherry River, South Fork
Fairwood, Fox Creek............---- , 000 Thomas, Blackwater River, North
Willson Creeks. ..2. sare sce vecieoee , 500 HOrKene=ee eae ceeea dae e etree
Hace Biew Trap Ril. ..52-esseseee 800 Walkerville, Little Kanawha River. .
ebnéy. LROn yc. ssceaesece ses eneae 200 || Wisconsin:
000
600
000
000
000
000

Lewis Valley Creek..........---.-
North. Creek .2.3) isd. cacceseph cece
Rock Creeks eee seeceeeene sowee en
Smithy Creekisyiset we ctecs ete cence
Athelstane, Big Eagle Creek........-
Bangor, Johnson Creek.........-----
Birnamwood, Embarras River, and
tributaries]! 20... he.cne eb sale
Blair, Trump Cooley Creek..........
Bloomer, Duncan Creek............-
Blue Mounds, Handels Run.........
Ryans) Rum 6 so sanc acca so seepe Saeee
Walnut Hollow Run..............
Boscobel, Sanders Creek..........--
Deer Park, Willow River. ..........
Elkhorn, Whitewater Creek........-
Ellis Junction, Hand Saw Creek. ...
Fairchild, Black Creek .............-
Beaver, Creek co cies eh gene eens
lick: Creekuw.-c 5... oer eee eee
Hay Creek, Bast... . 2.20 5-0.50cee4
Horse Cree

Fond du Lac, Dotyville Creek......
Merrytown Cree
Silver Spring Creek. ..............
Upper Sheboygan River. .........

Glen Flora, Main Creek, North Fork .

Grand Rapids, Big Four Creek.......

Hayward, Namakagan Creek........

Independence, Borst Valley Creek...
Bruce Valley Creek. .........-- 208
Chimney Rock Creek .............
COOKS HOTGG es aise noite the nine pS EE
Davis Valley Creek...............
Dubiels/Creek--.. - so555 arodeaeite

Number.

aSSessess

sesssss

1, 200

see
sss

wwe ee SENOS OME

.

= ood Let eet eee SS eel

soe

gee ege eee sssgeesegegeesesseesssessee =

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

31

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

RAINBOW TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Wisconsin—Continued Wisconsin—Continued.

Independence, Hunts Valley Creek. . 500 Wausau, Little Trappe River......- 500
TESDIVCTOCKs= 5 Sse 2 a5 were ate 500 PINGURAVON: |. o sie-sc5ncemcnaaceeeee 500
PrN OLeO Ks 2 BCS or scec ae she 500 EEA UEVON 2 OSS cas since nieeiaeee 500
LUNRG TT Cr) SEC ASRS EAE oan Beare 500 Westby, Clockmaker Creek......--- 500
MBIQNCY, CLeOK S28 Scie sk anise - woo 500 KappiGreek. ........da52-ae tenes 500
Marsoleh Creek =: 32 53.455. Soe < 500 41 en Mwaniblute Creek:.....2 22-22 ane 500
North Branch Creek.............- 500 Wilton, Kickapoo River. ........-..- 1,000
CURGIY Oneal ee oe eee caceoeeeesenacerc 500 Winter, Phelan Creek............2.- 1,000
Palkowski Creek ..........-.-.-.-- 500 Woodman, Little Green Creek.....-. 4, 000
elon Creeks. 2 )-)5 5 sul Soeemiaalees 500 || Wyoming:

Ropes Creek? 2.2.2 esse stew alsa 500 Beulah, Big Sand Creek...........-. +2, 000
ROSKOS reek ete lea ese egos 500 Boneti Spring Branch...........-- F1, 000
PRETISTOD OPEC Koni ere te cea sats 500 Howes’s ponds cs 5 eae teteee =e 1,600
Schaffner Creek 500 Cody, Anderson Creek.............- 4,000
Skogstad Creek ae 500 Shoshone River, South Fork...... 4,000
siraverse Creek e-store 500 Douglas, Box Elder Creek........-- 10, 000
UOT Ce ree ks ete re ierdtewte te 500 Green’ Valley Lake: .-..:../...-:.2 10, 000
OID OS) eae Se Se ile Oe a 500 La Prele| Creek.) ase hse ee 10, 000
\WETIIY O22) ee oO ae Oe 500 Evanston, Bear River............... 20, 000
ZAVTTITC) & (Cig a CR ee oe 500 NiliCrenkeee 3: Sele. eee oe ee 15, 000

Kilbourn, Hulbert Creek..........-. 1, 000 Sulphur Creek asc. cee eee 8,000

La Crosse, Adams Valley Creek..... 500 SViellOWw I Gre@k: 620-2 ses cei none 10,000
15) al Cia (ci ee e ee ee 1, 000 Kemmerer, Hams Fork Creek....... 15, 000
Burham Valley Creek...........-- 500 Lander, Baldwin Creek..... Paes 3,000
TITS OPPO RS vio. eases fat Soe oa See 1, 000 Crescent Wake: >.G) eres iS 2,000
i racers Cooley Creek. ....<.... 1,000 Grave Creek: -s 5a eee ee 2,000
RENO ren kere. fe odo sacs e eo. Sees 3 500 Gustavelluake:. isis secee eee 2,000
lemming Creek So. 2 22 42. tadosnase 1,000 Little Popo Agie River............ 4,000
Mormon Cooley Creek...........-.. 1,000 GUIS Wake ws: ate Soke eS 3,000
Timber Cooley Creek.-..........-- 1, 000 North ork River. .ssee-cce besa 4,000

arWorge, Bear Creek. . 2.522025. += 2, 000 North Platte, North Platte River... 23, 000

Manitowac, Devil River............. 500 Powell, Appelgren Lake............- 3, 750
PaMipO reels =o. oe tse 2 Nee watte ets 500 Mdmondsyakensee-sceccccneeeese 3, 750
erivanek Creek): 225. ests ehlaah 500 nod Make: Yo%. so. 0. ee aed 3, 750
MASIICOULYEULVOD 2 a0 nee acca eine oe 500 byverettibake 25 sak en See ae 2,500
IPIPBOM EVOL es 2s < cate, 2% ancl 1, 000 Gillettedvake 735 ne hae ele eee: 3,750

Marinette, Menominee River 3, 000 Gravel PitiPonde 2 5..sacte-8 cae 2,500

Mauston, Seven Mile Creek.......... 500 Howelliake so a5 cbse 3, 750

Norwalk, Moores Creek............- 1,500 Loftsgaarden Lake.............--- 3, 750

Oakfield, Herman Creek............ 500 Pong sakes. ca eeens eee cece sees 3, 750

Pembine, Merryman Creek.......... 1,000 ancien Wake-ct2. . sales fb sesekek 3, 750
Geena... 1,000 Me Wake eo) cosa edd ets. 3, 750

Rhinelander, Four Mile Creek....... 500 Sawtooth ‘Lake......... Beast eecse 3, 750
Gudegast Creek Zot ape tend, S Sa Sa 500 Sheep Creek= 4... Sesets Seber. 6 2,500
ja Gavi Gil Giese ee tae en ee 500 Wardlaw-lake: 52225. 24225. secede 3, 750
WK GOMOTRO Kee Ace cen nee eee 500 Sheridan, Spear Pond (A)........--- 2,500
IRGHCATIERIVOIe ec. teeta ee ee 1, 000 SpearsBond) (B) fos jan cemoccaeeeee! 2,500

River Falls, Kinnickinnick River ... 4,500 State Fish Hatchery.............. *100, 000

Stone Lake, Little Godfry Creek. .... 1,000 Thermopolis, Cottonwood Creek...-. 8, 000
Pierce ake). .c2: 5: ses paces ae 1,000 ||} Japan: Kobe, Japanese Government. . *101, 000
RLONGWLAKGs = ocnica coe saneeetee 1,000 || Canada: Magog, Canadian Govern-

Waukesha, Dopp Creek...........-. 2, 000 MON Ghee Hee sae aten owes aneaaee 96, 000
Garret. Creek. 52323-0220 .s eee nee 2,000
Wpnes Creek = s58= 2). esse esis eee 2,000 *1, 454, 200
Minick @reek.c-)2- 2-2. ce beaten geo 2, 000 Totalian.cti-\Ssiasae aatemmacseee aes +250, 200
12s Cae) ae een oe B 2, 000 2,574, 942
WLMAMGIONECK .' 22520: Sass aebaaes 2,000

ATLANTIC SALMON.
Maine: Maine—Continued.

Brownsville, Pleasant River........ $718, 750 Oakfield, Mattawamkeag River,East

Dennysville, Dennys River.......-.. +21, 000 Branches dee se Se Lag ee +648, 500

Dover, Piscataquis River........... +625, 000 Onawa, Greenwood Stream........- +48, 600

East Machias, East Machias River. . +30, 000 Orland, Orland River, ......-..----- 887

Grindstone, Penobscot River, East I aT

Branc sae ee be oo oat 312, 500 Total T3, 028, 850
Seebois Riversa oe ae eet 12500) 1. (00) \eeaeeetmmate csi cy reciente a9
Monson, Davis Stream.............. Sty 000

a Lost in transit, 20,278 fingerlings.

32

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

LANDLOCKED SALMON.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Maine: Maine—Continued.

Abbott Village, Buttermilk Pond... +5, 000 Walkers, Squa Pan Lake.........-.-- 30, 000
Hake: Juanita ereen econ eter +5, 000 Webster, Chema Lake..............- +7, 500
Sebec Wake tc cecuenee teen 412, 500 Wescott, Little Ossepee Lake.....-- 2,511

Bangor, Penobscot River........-.-- 711, 000 ‘Wilton, Wilson Lake.-2---2 ose eee Tig

Bigelow, Little Jim Pond........-.- 5,000 || Massachusetts:

Bucksport, Toddy Pond.........--- 10, 000 East Northfield, Applicant.......... +10, 000

Canton, Lake Anasgunticook.....-.- 712, 500 Lee, Stockbridge Lake.............- 2, 230

Caribou, State fish commission. ..--- *301,000 || New Hampshire:

Columbia, Schoodie Pond........--- +8, 000 Bradford, Massasecum Lake......... 1, 674

Dedham, Green Lake........-.----- +15, 000 Bristol, Newfound Lake............. 4,185
Manns (Brook =2.2-2.00St 2 hoe 745, 000 Canaan, Tewsbury Pond........-..- 3, 348

Dexter, Puffers Pond......-....:--- +5, 000 Hillsboro, Island Pond...........--- 4,185

Eagle Lake, Eagle Lake.........-..- +75, 000 Keene, Granite Lake..............-- 1,674

East Machias, Gardner Lake....-.-- arise cuales Lae eben SCE. din, | OE » en

; , 48 Spoftord Wakext2 lee: sees eee oll

East Orland, Toddy Pond.......... { 9250 || Lebanon, Crystal Lake.............. 5, 022

Ellsworth Falls, Vinan Lake.......- 12,000 Meredith, Waukewan Lake......... 1, 674

Enfield, Cold Stream Lake.......-.- 717, 500 Mountainview, Dan Hole Pond..-.. 1, 674

Farmington, Clear Water Lake...... +7, 500 Warren, State fish commission. ...-. * 25, 000

Port Kent, Hash River. oj< ej eke 427,500 || New York:

Franklin, Donnell Pond...--..------ ro O00 Arden, Honest Lipke =. (An? eee raolee

: & +28, 000 Hammondsport, Lake Keuka.....-- 2,000

Grand Lake, Dobsis Lake..........- so? Long Lake, West Bear Pond <2..." {1,000

206, octors PONG! = -245 feos aesnce eee y
Grand Lake...... poorer crease 64,814 || Nehasane, Big Rock Lake........... 4° 000

Harrington, Schoodic Pond.......-. +8, 000 ake lila: 22.2352 eee 4,000

Hartland, Great Moose Lake.......- 712, 500 Port Jervis, Wood Lake............. + 1,970

Jackman, Lake Wood............---. 710, 000 Raquette Lake, Bettner Ponds...... * 5,000

Kennebago, Kennebago Lake.....-- 2,000 Rake Kora s::22. 4.20839! ee FA * 5,000

Kineo, Moosehead Lake.......-..... +2, 500 Mohegan Lake 2i2.2222 822 aes * 5,000
Moose River ' 27, 500 Warrensburg, State fish commission. * 25, 000
Roach River. +7, 500 || Vermont:

Newport Junction, Lake Sebasticook +5, 000 Canaan, Big Averill Lake..........- 725

Nicolin, Nicolin Lake..............- 20, 000 Little Averill Lake....£2/-2)2).2-2 580

North ‘Anson, Emden Pond........- 10, 000 Greensboro, Caspian Lake.........-- 1, 000

North Belgrade, Belgrade Lake..... 12, 500 Hardwick, Nichols Pond....:......- 1,000
Messalonskee Lake...........----- 412, 500 Newport, Echo Lake. 2. Toes 1,500

Norway, Virginia Lake............-- 1,600 Seymour Lake: 2,000

Otis; Green ake... cc -8ecs5 Shee +66, 219 Orleans, Willoughby Lake.........- 2,756

Phillips Lake, Phillips Lake....-..-. +12, 000 Roxbury, State tish commission. .... * 40, 000

Portage, Portage Lake.............- +15, 000

Princeton, Bir Wakes jc. tesco. tee +20, 000 * 531, 000

Readfield, Parker Pond...........-- +10, 000 Potal¢@. co... eS + 798, 689

South Paris, Abbott Pond........-.. 2,531 177, 635

South Windham, State fish commis-

SOW! <3 ee east cannietas eee tee *100, 000
BLACKSPOTTED TROUT.
Arizona: Colorado—Continued.

Safford, Fry Canyon Creek.......... 2,000 Breckenridge, Upper Blue Lake..... 3, 000

Marilda Crésk: i255 9h. osscasncenee 2,000 Buena Vista, Cottonwood Lake. .... 4,000
Colorado: Kroenke) Lake.w Je: ceeesneee eee 38, 000

Almont, Spring Creek............... 10, 000 Middle Cottonwood Creek. . 5 8, 000

Antero, Antero Lake............ bd 25, 000 Buffalo, Buffalo Creek : 25, 000
South Platte River 15, 000 (Goose Creek errererrn re eens 4, 000

Aspen, Brush Creek................-. 2,000 Carbondale, Roaring Fork River. ... 22, 500
Colfax Makeyeouees -u8 che cece ee 2,000 Castles, Frying Pan River........... 5, 000
Conumdrum Creek.........-...--- 3,000 Cather Springs, Little Faountain
W0st Man! Creeks. (seis... sc eteec< 2,000 Creek. see erm atte 3, 000
IMATOOM Oreeks sess oc els coe ote ee 3,000 Cebolla, Gunnison River............ 50, 000
Roaring Fork Creek............... 3, 000 Chromo, Big Navajo River.......... 17, 000

Austin, Beaverdam Lake...........- 3, 000 Little Navajo River.........:..... 7,000
dst Lake.2.i. 2. eee. ene as 3, 000 Cimarron, Big Cimarron River...... 5, 000
Youngs Creek: - cc... ce Seii ee! 2,000 Big RediGreslest syle. i ane 5, 000

Avon, Lake Creek, East and West Cimarron’ River! (2. 222222524: 8, 000

Mania Ahr We omaees a tic c5 12,000 Dry Creek, East and West Forks.. 5, 000
WTUTGUOIss LAK oe eeeeeectet c cece 15, 000 Horsefly Creek..................-. 5, 000

Baldwin, Castle Creek............... 5,000 Little Cimarron River............- 2,000
Mall Greeks ee sr ins saeoeress oc). 10, 000 Witte RediCreek..*. 222) 32 eeu 5, 000
ONO Cresks Soha eS one. 10, 000 Lower Cimarron River............ 3, 000
Pass Creeks. 2) ioc ye eae. ae 5, 000 Roubidean 'Creek.......5..20266226 5, 000

Basalt, Kellysilake:. eoto2 cece sececc. 5, 000 Sprne Creeks:2 =.= 5 Seeneeneeeee 4, 000

Bearcreek, Bear Creek.....:..-..-..- 5,000 Coke Ovens, West Dolores River. ... 5, 000

@ Lost in transit,

8

,000 fry; 16,530 fingerlings.

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 33

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BLACKSPOTTED TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number.
Colorado—Continued.
€olorado Springs, Broadmoor Lake - 30, 000
Como, Sacramento Creek...........- 2,000
Tarryall Creek, North Fork......- 2,000
Twelve Mile Creek...............- 3, 000
Cotopaxi, Cottonwood Creek........ 5, 000
Creede, Rio Grande River..........- 40, 000
Crested Bluff, Anthracite Creek..... 10, 000
Herush Oneekss 51S fees = 10, 000
MosliGrebket ss 5, 000
ID SRA RY Eo oo ee ea le a 5, 000
Pilate ruiyers a5. ers ht oe? 13 5, 000
Washington Gulch Creek.........- 5,000
Cripple Creek, Gillett Lake........-. 6,000
Debeque, Big Creek. ..............-- 4,000
Bull Creek 4,000
Buzzard Creek 4,000
Coon Creek 3, 000
Grove Creek 3, 000
Kahnah Creek 2,000
Mesa @reekess soc 54, DIATE SP 3, 000
Plateau Creek. <5 2 sce aicte ine cee = 3, 000
Del Norte, Elk Creek...............- 10, 000
Denver, Bear Creek................- 12,000
Dillon, Boulder Creek.............-. 3, 000
(Of Ones) ee Oe ee 2,000
Martin ©reekes 000. SO ere) 2,000
Durango, Canyon Creek............. 3, 000
Gastade Creek 23222-20882 2 4, 000
Gipar Croakio:: ses.) Seriteiels. 3, 000
LOD Fela Get) fee 3, 000
LETS (Osi 2) oes te mS a ee ere | 3, 000
Welomigs PRiven. o.oo sa vac 5, 000
Hermosa Creek.............2----+- 9, 000
DNC LOM Creek. .2.5 BI59_) Seale tl 9, 000
ape lataphivers-....g2e4.0ecs8t_ ot 10, 000
HGIP Diet CLC Kee sx. crac seroicie ott 5, 000
ime Creek) >< haet gs Jr els 4,000
Los Pinos Creek, South Fork...--. 3, 000
Needle Creek.........: Ole ee eae 3, 000
Edwards, Squaw Creek : 4,000
Eldora, Boulder Creek............-. 40, 000
Florence, South Hardscrabble Creek. 5, 000
Fort Collins, Bennett Creek......... + 20, 000
soe wWreht Creek... o252<2. ite. + 40, 000
Little South Poudre River........ + 80, 000
Melntyre, Creeks - 5 220-) 25: bes t 20, 000
Poudre River, North Fork........ 105, 000
SCE DI CTOC Kas oie jae <a ok semoiaer + 10, 000
PRISED AKG foie e'o nos ciese ce eee sae + 15,000
Fraser, Corona Lakes...............- 9, 000
IB SIME MNOTCG Kos: ces Ree har 20, 000
Frisco, Meadow Creek.............-- 3, 000
. North Ten Mile Creek.........._.. 3, 000
Georgetown, Clear Creek, South
Tee ee tee oe eee ae 2,000
IGlGnEnoake wars 22 2) SSS) S08 oe 5, 000
(CHRO AE EE Ra at, Bet ete Selene 5, 000
Glenwood Springs, Grizzly Creek.... 10, 000
Granby, Bowen Creek: ...--. 2.22... 4,500
em tates ee? 7,500
LETT CRE CT GS e eh he aa a Sonepat 4, 500
MP AOOIMUV ELE ae ce soe oa ee ken 20, 000
CInSTEG | 1D RO) Se ee eee 9, 000
Grand River, North Fork......... 16, 000
GaVOTET (int 2 ee eee 10, 000
Stillwater Creek. = 52. 2-0. -o.-.--+5 3, 000
Strawberry Creek -......2......... 10, 000
roils} el hye Giy\).< 9h Se aS oe 3, 000
ANU Rey el O53.) Ca eae ae ete 6, 000
Grand Junction, Blue Creek......... 12,000
Granite, Clear Creek... ....-..--..2 4,000
Pine Creek: scsssecs te. 4,000
Gant, Genes. oe Sita ti 33, 000
ypsum, Gypsum Creek............ 8, 000
Hartsel, High Greekz<s2ehe eee te. 4, 000
Hierro, North Beaver Creek.......-- 10, 000
SUMO. 25 tasede wattle eee te 10, 000
Hinkles, Mill Creek................. 10, 000 |

Disposition. Number.

Colorado—Continued.

Hotchkiss, Clear Fork Creek......-. 2,000
Crystal Greek i. Jose. 2-20 eee--ee- 8,000
TOFOUX Oreek «2 222n tees eects 5, 000
Smith) Hork Creek s2=-= 2 sneeese se 2,000

Idaho Springs, Bear Creek........-.- 3, 000
Halliivers.itee ce tact eens ares 3,000
Wancei Greek: eileen 2,000

Lake George, South Platte River,

South Works ease masa 5, 000
La Veta, Cuchara Creek......-..--.- 5, 000
Leadville, Frying Pan River and

tributanlostesss. tee eee 30, 000
Mancos, West Mancos Creek....--.- 5, 000
Midland, Lashbaugh Lakes........- 3,000
Monte Vista, Alamosa Creek....--.- 6, 000

Conejosikivertas-2-easecs seeee 6, 000

Rock Creek, South Fork........-. 4,000
New Castle, Fawn Creek 3, 000

Ripple Creek. ...... 3, 000

West Miller Creek 3, 000
Newett, Teeter’s ponds........-...- 4,000
North Cheyenne, Cheyenne Creek,

INOrthiHorkes creas 4acsec eee ene 3, 000
Northgate, North Platte River.....-. 10, 000
Ohio City, Gold Creek...........-.- 2,000
Ouray, Poughkeepsie Creek.......-.. 5, 000
Pagosa Springs, Big Blanco River.. 20, 000

Little: BlancosRiver iret 8, 000

San Juan River, East Fork....... 9, 000

San Juan River, West Fork....... 18, 000
Pando, Hagle:River. qo). aiciae « 30, 000
Paonia, East Muddy Creek........-.. 10, 000

Henderson Creek.........-...---- 3,000

ar oum Creckstorosseese ences eee 5, 000

Merron Creeks eee 3, 000
Parkdale, Arkansas River..-......-. 3,000
Parshall, Grand River, South Fork. 4, 500
Pitkin, Boulder Lake... :.-22.---7.% 3,000

Chaney akess-s3s.23.52525. +4522 2,000

Mampshine Lakews!2 a2 ste ote eee 3,000

Ghirarp7 Creeks saeestae a eeee 5, 000
Placerville, Naturita Creek.........- 18, 000
Ridgeway, Big Cimarron Creek..... 5, 000

CowiCreckets sass assoc oe 5, 000

Escalante Creeks... --\j2<\: 12s ane 2,000

UncompahgreyRiver.....--.-----+- 5, 000
Rifle; Beaver:Creek 5 5225 sees 5, 000

Bast Divide Creek 22232. fas-scecme 7,500

West Divide Creek. ...-.... pomsads 5,000
Rosemont, East Beaver Creek. ..-... 15, 000
ued Rmedt Creeks 45552 lo- ae 2,009

Smith! Creekewae JI aati eee 2,000
Saderland, Gould Creek..........-.- 15, 000
Palida ib earCree kt ase ese 5, 000
Sapinero, Curucanti Creek....-...-... 5,000

OAD! CLOGks ssc oae ceatene ornate 5, 000

West Ble Creeks s/f. econ ose l= 4,000
Shawnee, Deer Creek. .:-.-22:2...-:- 25, 000
Silverton, South Mineral Creek....-. 3,000
Somerset, Anthracite Creek.......-.- 3,000

West Muddy Creek.............-. 10, 000
South Fork, Alder Creek...........- 2,000

‘Beat Crpelehsbessrcoesersnrs 2 ee 4’ 000

Dryer Creeksenissaccceccess oaacie te 6, 000

Hil Creek. ss nent eee mes 2,000

Hmbargo) Creek. ~..c25s--cnscccees 2,000

Rio Grande, South Fork.......... 4, 000

Willow: Creeks stancs2 ches ec tes 4,000
South Platte, South Platte River. . 25, 000
Steamboat Springs, Buffalo Pass

Fe ont oe POOP SAORI Seat Seay 10, 000

Farrison/@reakose. .e2 oc fsb ak 4,500

Mad Creek, North Fork........... 4,000

Slater Creek........-.- eRe pt See 4,000
Stoner Creek, Stoner Creek........-- 5, 000
Sulphur Springs, Corral Creek.. .... 14, 500

Willows @reeks.t.20.7. toss SPS 10, 000

Sunset, Four Mile Creek...........- 10, 000

34 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.
BLACKSPOTTED TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number. | Disposition. Number.
Colorado—Continued. | Montana—Continued.
Thomasville, Engelbrecht Lake. ... 60, 000 Livingston, Ferry Creek. ......------
ose ta East ‘Troublesome eS hep Teen Solon ee ects aac teReeee
TOOK Ue ook ere teen sane rickland’ Crecke.sesee. --o-paueee
West Troublesome Grebk.; sesise 202 i, 500 Upper Mission Creek. - esses.
Vasquez, Fraser River.....-..-.---- est Boulder River...........-..-
Sy Asati Oreeise -pemen oes ea sacs 6,000 Yellowstone River........-.....--
Rae Vi ae Monelneie nic aatae atte an orn lascale, Bitter Root River, branch
Walden OC CLOCKa ccs cele serene «iii Of. 22s Bot escceere nese ees eee i
Walsenburg, Huerfano River........ 10, 000 Blanchard Creek.........-.------- :
Ward, Middle St. Vrain River...... 3,000 Camas Greek. 0. of. sss nne~ cae 5
Weber South Hetie IVLVED jee aee se ra Conca Creeks ee ie Scere (
estclifie, Bear Lake........-.-.--- rant Creek: S25 ec tnc bees eee 3
Grape Gveble tis webeasacbaeatt dese 10, 000 Johnson) Creeks = 223-4o-c see seo q
North Colony Creek....-..-.-.----- 4,000 Lo Lo Creek....-.-....----------- ,
South Colony Creek.......-------- 4,000 Mill Creek.....-.-.-.-------------- '
Wheeler, West Ten Mile Creek... ..- 3, 000 Miller\ Creek: so. 22 onan eee i
EBY, Re mpi ae eeceeeeeeeee a Rock pees oe eee eee eee ee ee een ee ,
ouman, Big Blue Creek.....-..----- WintCLOGkS!\. sete esos- sc s55<eeee
Michigan: i ; Moccasin, Porter Creek......-..--.-- :
Detroit, Applicant <3. 7 cece. s-e~n *20, 000 Moore, Fessell’s pond....--.-------- i
Fale Tawas, Silver Creek....-..-.--- +5, 000 as ee Seeaiaiein f
ontana: ossfork Creek: . 3-2 «.-saejeune eeaee
Anaconda, Cable Creek.....--------- +4, 000 Pony, North Willow Creek.......... ;
reltoe por ee nttete seach 1 ie LEM Creele.. - 22. Saccaes ‘
eepl Creda cence occ eeeee sere att Wak..00 i225 2 sneer eee
DNTPS G22 e oe dieea ek +4,000 || Pray, Mill Creek, North Fork. ...... "
Fish Trap Creek.........--------- ree Mill Creek, South Fork.........--- d
Moster Creek. ee tec 4 saisecelineienr 6, 000 Strawberry Creek. ................ i
pa Marsh Creel: Feeecnesesceseres 1% on Roundup, Flatwillow Creek_...2<204 ;
TOCK.----- --- ---2---2----- ’ illow Greek =. > 0! .cacsesceseeeee
Mill Creev.....-...---- «sd elcome 6,000 || Sheridan, Indian Creek........--.-.- :
Seymour Creek. -..-w.0 «525.5 4=6% 2: 6, 000 Mill Gropke 2) 2tecau ba tk Sie
oe fe pormnission wr teeereteeee 7 " i Wisconsin Creek........---------- ;
arm springs Creek .....-------- Shonkin, Shonkin Creek....-....----
Willow Greeks 0 20000 180m || Stevensvite Bass Cres o-=
8S, @ CTeCK....--. --------- ’ UNL CLOCK. accekcicee irc ae ee eens
Bozeman, Dry Creek.. -..---------- 14, 000 South Burnt Fork Creek.........- :
i a Creek....-...-.- seecceences 74, 000 Spring Creek. .ce.isdeweds .seeece ee
Butte licant.........------+---- *200,000 || guperior, Cedar Creek
Carbella, Lower Rock Creek......... ire becp Oenekeek: “Takia We a:
Miner Creek.......--..------------ 4, 000 Dry Creek... : i
Choteau, Teton River. ......-.----- +12, 000 Wish Creek
Clyde Park, Bang Tail Creek....-... 4,000 | Flat Creek. --20222.-.- ;
Cale Cre specks past ocminecns yrs ra Fourteen Mile Creek :
apts 584i eee Ra +6” 000 Johnston Creek......--------- : :
R saa a SE PEER Eris o See Sa +4, 000 Lost Gulch Creek.-.-.-...-.22--0-
aaa cts Pee os rrers OD ee igh las , Oregon Gulch Creek........-.----- :
Corwin Springs, Big Creek......-.-. 1 OOD Quartz Creek......---....s.sseeee. :
pee BES BETS AO 90 & te Thompson Creek. .......-------++- ‘
Benning hee a 4° 000 Trout Creek..0ce./sostsecesteees g? ;
Daileys Creek .......----------+--+ 4,000 || Sweet Grass, Forest Creek......----- ,
Randall VARS... ...s}.09scetense: 4; 000 eee Dry Creek nese ecenececees ,
Boa rays $8 reyson Creek... cen conasen esse
ids Or ee i000 || ‘Twodot, Big Elke Creeic 222202277.
Dillon, Hoffman Creek........------ 4,000 ba eat ence ee ee eee ceee ce enecees ,
Pee ee oop | Daisy Dean Creeks... ..-...s.0s000-
Simon Creek. <2. sscccce] {4000 || Els Creek, North Foric..*-<-.-...- ;
Risohilaicrankent coe cleo ee 6, 000 Flathead Creek, South Fork....... ;
Forest Grove, Flatwillow Creek, ae Sb dasa Soh West Fork......- :
Er nas onrersearerbe tesalin’T (ATR) Il)" tite Wpteey Oita. ccc ncn cag
McCartney Creek.......-..-----+-- 4; 000 North Horse Creek....-...-------- ,
Tyler Creek, Ss rin Branch Aer 4, 00 rete richie Sd Seee Sasser oe ,
yler Cree 6st NOrk. =. icant s 1 32 SO ee ’
Gardner, Gar ner River ee sask sks 8, 000 Sdapertet on ee South Fork........ ’
SllOWSTONO RLV EDs w. —ois.<ice-c waicesee|| pp EPE TOO || tale meee eee cree woo cetecssessees ’
Grannis Siding, Lower Shields River 6, 000 Upper pepe “i madeaeneeee ’
ha bere ee ie Sa RE ae t 4 ait Ko de orse Creek........-------- 2
obson, Antelope Creek........---- ew Mexico:
Judith Gap, Judith River, Ross Fork 1 000 Buckman, Pajarito River. .-...-..... 5,
TS a COE an Creek...... 14; on . ae de los Paes weceeeeeeeeeee 3,
OMillan’s pond: coaeeey seb = <2 apitan, Rio Ruideso..............-
Libby, Pipe Creck.......----------- 8,000 || Carlsbad, Carlsbad Creek... -......2. 2}
Quartz Creek... <s:ecadeseess bm apres 8, 000 Chama, Brazos River....-....------ 5,
ra sae Blea Lake.....------- a A aac leg se eeeec see ete recess e
risbin Creek........... y B RIVED. 26552 2 cc2 sete ee
Cokedale Creek. ......--- 4, 000 Chavez Creek...........---------- 2,
Hilbow Greeks... csc kde coe et ce 4,000 INWtrlas River. 2. success enetenere 5,

SSSSSSS22 S222222222232S22222 333222SSSSS3 SSSSSESESS Ss

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 35

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BLACKSPOTTED TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number
New Mexico—Continued. South Dakota—Continued.
Cloudcroft, Water Canyon Creek. ..- 3, 000 Rochford, Little Rapid Creek. ...... $25,000
Maxterqeecod iver) =. t..).¢45-/sbiu 1,000 Savoy, Spearfish River-............. +20, 000
Florida Statioa, Hadley Creek...... 2,000 State fish commission............. 730, 000
Glorietta, Bear Creek.............-.- 3,000 Spearfish, Crow Creek.....:.....-..- +15, 000
WOWRC TORK Slee cak fac sinsece ss ase 3,000 Heeles|Creek:: 5 = 5... 3-0 ences 710, 000
El Rito del Morero Creek.......... 3, 000 Higgins Gulch Creek.............. 710, 000
HalviGhost: Creek)... - <2 .--sesee 2,000 Lindley Creek.......... 8, 000
PEGI ARNO LORKS oor sate = cla amie asi- mmrclels 5, 000 Schmidt’s lake....... 715,000
aGENOneek. < oo. sss- cis. J eae 2, 000 Smith Spring Branch.... +5, 000
MoaraiCreeks 35. osc ocse secs dees 2,000 Spearfish Creek —.-- See ees 65,000
Panchuelo Creek...........-...--- 6, 500 Spearfish Creek, branches of....... $31, 000
IBseostiver: cusses escde 255-58 12, 000 Spring Creek... 52 |S eee 25, 000
WWithlows Creek. 3.2320. 2---<2sccc- 1 3, 000 Watercress Creek...-.5..-.00.02!28 5,000
Wmndsor Creeks io) eewseseseeesss 3, 000 Willow Creekct 2 occ eee ae chee +6, 000
Grants, Laguna Redonda........... 2,000 Sturgis, Bear Butte Creek........... +25, 000
Laguna, Water Canyon Creek....... 3,000 || Utah: Murray, State fish commission. . *100, 000
Las Vegas, Falls Creek.............. 3,000 || Washington:
ETM ONCOL eek e eww tecocaccies 4,000 Aberdeen, Charley Creek............ +6, 000
RCOSPRE VOT te se ote nee tannic 22,000 Chenoise Creekes.s sence seceeoe +4, 000
MIO Gas Casas. ss.5-'56 s<2'b285 <n 2,000 HR RiVeb eas pec teeesac seek eee nee 6,000
EVIOVGAUINAS 3. ss 5. ees oL sds 13, 000 Hoquiam iver: 2. -che-cs.ses sees 16s 000
Recolote!Creaks sos2s5- 5208.8 sé. 3, 000 Humptulips River................ 6,000
Mountainair, Tajique Canyon Creek! 6, 000 indian! Creekss: oto cceeecceeeseoe 4,000
Raton, Palo Blanco Creek........... 3, 000 TOWNS YRIveDiesseecercces cae nee 4,000
Schwachheim Creek............... 3,000 Stevens Creek... .-..- Borer eden +8, 000
Sermhstrom) Creeks 25-66-52 3ccek 3, 000 Van Winkle Creek... ...........-.. +4, 000
VUES ara Che's) eee ae a 3,000 iWsynoochee River. -- 25: sce ssocce +4, 000
WaterworksiPond: <5 --:<)..025.2 =. 3,000 Asotin, AsotiniCreek. 22.2022: 522.532 +20, 000
Wrigelsworth Creek............... 3,000 Chelan, Antilon Lake-..-............ 8, 000
Roberia, Pecos River.:......2....... 5,000 Cleelum, Applicant ............. ee *50, 000
Santa Fe, Capulin River............. 3, 000 Kelso; Clark Creeks 2225-2220 06 58 +4, 000
Nambe River 5, 000 Owl Creek 52-5 5252824 155% cae 74, 000
Rio Medio..... 7, 000 Northport, Deep Creek... .... +4, 000
TONE ACH ECOL 2. Se oss Se eeek eke ee 2, 000 Little Sheep Creek. -....-..:-- re 74,000
Santa Fe River 13, 000 OnIOMm Creek: 2252 sosinon cae secs +4, 000
PRESHGUIG RAVER e. sos ene even ee 6, 000 Sheep Creole Met Aes 2 ee +6, 000
Taiban, Taiban Creek. .............. 1,000 Port Angeles, State fish commission. *150, 000
Taos Junction, Rio Pueblo.......... 5, 000 Snoqualmie, Applicant.............. *50, 000
PAO Oreakss Soames ics beet. owl. 5,000 Stevenson, Lake Toketa-............ +8, 000
Tres Piedras, Rio Vailecitos......... 6,000 Noceni bake: <.-5.:2232540. 050 Me +6, 000
Ute Park, Beaver Creek..... Te 3, 000 Tacoma, Canada Creek.............. +6, 000
Guinarron Rivers. ee). sist 3,000 Chambers Creek.........--.--..... +6, 000
Hurricane Creek:.;.3)55.22 .2.<2)- en 1,500 CheniusiGreek- 22552 -2cc 22s te 76, 000
LR GGL LRT) ea ag 38, 500 @lear Crecle-- 228 2 22282 25255 5ee Oe +6, 000
cgrbrad." OU f2\( Chives) oe ee ap 3, 000 Malls Creeki<2522ccssasscec eres soos +6, 000
West Agua Fria Creek............ 3,000 Goldenwdiakess# = os fee saaee +6, 000
fh La aa at Tyson Springs Creek. 1,000 Hylebos Creoles <25222 4282 le +6, 000
New York: New York, Aquarium.... *10, 000 Makeveneles 2 ssa eee ae nen iron
Oregon: Lake James....-..--...-.---..---- 6,000
Bonneville, State fish commission. . - *250, 000 Little Mashell River.............. +6, 000
Rogue River, Rogue River.......... 8,000 Ranger Creek: 5222652250. ce ake +6, 000
South Dakota: Rushing Water Creek..,.......... 76,000
=e Bend, Minnelusa Creek......... +2, 000 Skukewush Creek...........------ +6, 000
rairie (reek... 80/2 ais) 2 Ee eee +8, 000 South Mowich River.............. +6, 000
Englewood, Englewood Creek....... +5, 000 Vancouver, Bert Creek...........-.. +8, 000
eapigl@nedks /s406 5 ee aoe 25,000 Big Creek schsac62255oesee- cease +8, 000
Hill City, Barthold Pond........... 44,000 CedariGreekai 2a fas 4 eee ee +8, 000
ae yea Se SRR ee reas +6, 000 Little Washugal River.........-.. sie
ot Springs, Cascade Creek..-...... +8, 000 . , 000
Tron Creek, fron Creek.............. 51, 400 Washenal Biveh 29> be ses2- “=n fun septoeD
Lead, Spearfish Creek, Upper--..... $15, 000 Washgual River, North Fork...... +8, 000
Whitewood Creek................. : 720, 000 Walla Walla, State fish commission. *50, 000
Mystic, Tunnell Creek........--..... 78,000 || Wyoming: ; ,
Pactola, Bogus Jim Creek........... 76,000 Bonneville, Big Horn River......... +14, 000
ae Tel(Cinet] C oun a See 2 ae eae +10, 000 Clearmont, Crazy Woman Creek,
I BOHATD PONG see «o.oo 2 Asta ae, $2,000 Middle wWorka.\aacnt sce ceesaet +11, 000
Literals (hit oo: Se 42,000 Mabelubake ss sasccee. occ seen cee 711,000
ROWOR i aikGe iss Soe Goce ode ob 4. +4, 000 Magdalene Lake................... 710, 000
WWitCtonisnierepkeeees Fo +6, 000 Muddy: Creek. 528. 3sSet er as 712,000
Rapid City, Box Elder Creek....... $22,000 Paradiseivake: sae. eeee sss ners. 712,000
anyon Takers Wass Le weet 8, 000 Tipemlbake.. coase-ansoe ve cee nace eee 710, 000
City Spring Creek................. 4,000 Cody, Anderson Creek...-........... ei
Cleghorn Spring Creek............ 4,000 Bleanor Creek 6:5 hec kee be 8, 000
(Haley Lakes 33505 Seo heh 4,000 Shoshone River, North Fork...... 712,000
ails'Pond 2 eee 74,000 Shoshone River, South Fork... ... 712, 000
Indian School Lake. .............. +4, 000 Sunlight Creek.....:....-.--+..--- +8, 000
Time Crobkiseee eee es 3 +5, 000 WiGndUiveri-- 24.0. asanscs-se-ce ce 712,000
Bapid' Crock. s=u leon ste ee 725, 000 Cow Creek, Cow Creek.............- 20,000
MDAC LONG ss se fe eae: own +4, 000 Encampment, Encampment Creek,
Rapin CROCK. 0, ee cee sea ease $24, 000 Sour Works oo cGe ee ee 135,000

36 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BLACKSPOTTED TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
W yoming—Continued. Wyoming—Continued.

ack Creek, Jack Creek.......-....-- 190, 000 Sheridan, Sackett Pond............. +8, 000
Laramie, State fish commission. - . -- *100, 000 State fish commission............. *100, 000
Manderson, Nowood River.......-.- +37, 400 Twin Lakes .cs 22ee a. step ene ~ +6, 000

State fish commission........----- *100, 000 Spring Creek, Spring Creek and
Newcastle, M. W. Ranch Lake...... +20, 000 THUDULALIOS 2 smaesmeaas sae ene 70,000
Pass Creek, Pass Creek........----- 60, 000 Yellowstone, Bridge Creek. .......-.. +42, 000
Powell, Chain of Lakes........-.---- +12, 000 Buffalo' Creek i2s2sscaeseteeee eee +60, 000
Mirrorvakeso22cnssnae 712, 000 Clear Creek. 2.22) 322o72 2420 eeeee +28, 000
Rock Creek, Rock Creek. hays 20,000 Columbine Creek i #21, 000
Rock River, Sand Lake.......------ 15, 000 ‘Pelican’ Creeks 223 saa gaccance eee +42, 000
Saratoga, North Platte River........ 50, 000 es
Sheridan, Jackson Creek.........-.- $15, 000 *1, 630, 000
Dake! Geney disses evs same eon +10, 000 otal Gi. P5200 | 5A soa 42,051, 400
Rapids Crepes. season ae 15, 000 , 683, 900

LOCH LEVEN TROUT.

South Dakota:

South Dakota—Continued.
Belle Fourche, Orman Reservoir... - 25, 835

Deadwood, City Park Lake........- 25
LAKE TROUT.

Colorado: Michigan—Continued.

Leadville, Twin Lakes......-..--.-- 40, 000 Point Abbaye, Keweenaw Bay ...-.- +100, 000
Montrose, Tripler Lake... - seen gee 10, 000 Presque Isle, Lake Superior. ....-..-.- ae 000

Tilinois: Chicago, Applicant..........-. *2,000 St. Ignace, Lake Michi,an..-....-.. 157, 500

Iowa: Spirit Lake, State fish commis- St. Joseph, Lake Michigan.......... 429, 000
SI OME are bate eer tte ee esterase ete aoa *100, 000 Sault Ste. Marie, State fish commis-
aine: Slomse. 18. Sea ee ee +8, 640, 000
Greenville Junction, State fish com- Scarecrow Island, Lake Huron...... 1, 022, 000

Slams goa. sok hectares tod carers wit *100, 000 Sidnaw, Hauger Lake.......-....... 8,
Winthrop, State fish commission. . - - *100, 000 Skillagallee Reef, Lake Michigan... . +931, 000

Massachusetts: Tobens Harbor, Lake Superior...... +600, 000
Chester Big Pond ese. -seec.c acter 2,500 Todds Harbor, Lake Superior. -..--- 600, 000
DeexGoose Pond: ...- 5: sever? espe 2,500 Traverse Island, Keweenaw Bay... - 100, 000

Greenwater onds.o--ss5--deqaeee a on Washington Harbor, Lake Superior. ren 000
ee eo ee 2300 || Wrights Island, Lake Superior......{ "80" 000
Stockbridge Lake........--.-.---- 2,500 || Minnesota:

Michigan: Burlington Point, Lake Superior. -- - +550, 000
Big Rock Reef, Lake Michigan......- +1, 148, 000 Duluth, Lake Superior.............. 100, 000
Charlevoix, Lake Michigan........--. +1, 148, 000 Encampment Island, Lake Superior. +500, 000
Charlevoir Reef, Lake Michigan....} 71,148,000 French River, Lake Superior. -..-..-- +550, 000
Covington, Worm Lake......------- 6, 000 Grand Portage, Lake Superior. ...-. 7802, 500
Crystal Falls, Berg’s pond.......-.--- +6, 000 Knife River, Lake Superior.......-- +500, 000
Detour, Maker Huron -. -oicjwci-eeh eee +380, 000 Pillinger, Shamneau Lake........-..- 10, 000
Escanaba, Lake Michigan.........-- +105, 000 St. Paul, State fish commission. .-.. #3, 300, 000
Fishermens Home, Lake Superior. . a eat td Stewart Se Lake Superior Sreasos ey toe
Fish Island, Lake Superior........-- 4564, 000 || Sucker River, Lake Superior........ { 498) 000
Fishermens Island, Lake Michigan..| +2, 296,000 Susie Island, Lake Superior.....-..-. +627, 500
Gaylord; BrinkDake. oc. s-tien-es +6, 000 |) Montana:

Gull Island Reef, Lake Huron....... +1, 024, 000 Whitefish, Beaver Lake..-........-.-- 16,500
Horseshoe Reef, Lake Michigan. .- - . 71, 095, 000 Whitefish Lake. 55 --steenn-nene- 21,000
Tron, River, ironm Dake: .-s5.2s2220 3 +6, 000 || New Hampshire: x
Pickerel Lakers sacscc- sacl ocesis : +9, 000 Bradford, Long Pond << -..ctsees-c- 4,000
Sinise tiie <i. ose csise soe Sanne cei +12, 000 Massassecum Lake........-.--...- 4,000
Isle Royal, Lake Superior. ...-.-.--- 480, 000 Bristol, Newfound Lake.........--- 10, 000
King Lake Siding, Big King Lake .. 6, 000 Fitzwilliam, Laurel Lake........... 4, 000
Wittlewking uakes-2-.-ctk-.-.dente 6, 000 Lebanon, Cole Pond................ 9, 600
Long Point, Lake SUPONOL ese a-- 960, 000 Crystal Waker ns. ts a-me<na anne 1,500
McCargoes Cove, Lake Superior... .. 200, 000 Pike, Lake Darleton).\<---.-....mee 2,413
Manistee, Lake Michigan.........-.- 432,000 || New York:
Manistique, Lake Michigan......... 283, 500 Albany, State fish commission...... +3, 000, 000
Marquette, Lake Superior.......-..- +490, 000 Allan Otty Shoal, Lake Ontario. .... 337, 500
ene, Lake Superior....-..--.-- 250, 000 Au Sable Forks, Crystal Lake. ...... p 000.
Nine Mile Point, Lake Michigan....| 71,094, 000 Naylor Ponds. -2\-.\- .. es. Pee 6, 000
Northpoint Reef, Lake Huron...... +872, 000 Bear Point, Lake Ontario. .......---. +209, 600
Old ~athead Reef, Lake Michigan...| 1,094, 000 Caledonia, State fish commission....| *2, 490, 000
Piney River, Keweenaw Bay. .-.-..- +300, 000 Charity Shoals, Lake Ontario.....-. 1, 021, 000

@ Lost in transit, 1,000 fry; 14,500 fingerlings.

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 37

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

LAKE TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number.

New York—Continued.

Dutch Point, Lake Ontario........- +368, 000
Fox Island, Lake Ontario. .......-.-.- +697, 500
Grenadier Island, Lake Ontario..... 1, 642, 450
Hammondsport, Lake Keuka....-.-.- +10, 000
Interlaken, Cayuga Lake..........-. 710, 000
Lake George, Lake George...-.-....-- 715, 000
Lake Placid, Lake Placid....-....-.. +20, 000
Long Lake West, Loon Pond....... *50, 000
Northville, Sacondaga Lake........- { % oe
Pigeon Island, Lake Ontario. .....-- +100, 000
Point Peninsula, Lake Ontario...--- +638, 500
Port Henry, Clear Pond...-.......-- +6, 000
Port Jervis, Cahoozie Lake.-........- +9, 000
Raquette Lake, Lake Sagamore....- *50, 000
Redwood, Millsite Lake............. +15, 000
Riverside; Paradox Lake........... +10, 000
Hehroonakew2etee == /6 ake ea 2s +10, 000
Saranac Lake, Pine Pond........-.- +15, 000
Skaneateles Junction, Skaneateles
ake sh Ser esse esc oes +36, 000
Stony Point, Lake Ontario.......... +630, 250
6 poets Point, Lake Ontario......- $491, 355
0:
Grafton, Quarry Pond. ......... eA +3, 000
Isle of St. George, Lake Erie. ....... +490, 000
Marblehead, Lake Erie.............- +500, 000
Put in Bay, State fish commission. - *600, 000
Oregon: Bonneville, State fish com-
STING Mee ena sales ae actos tah = ace *1, 000, 000
Pennsylvania:
Bellefonte, State fish commission ..- *500, 000
Pleasant Mount, State fish commis-
Sti See eee *500, 000
South Dakota:
Bellefourche, Ormande Reservoir. . . 13, 500
a. City Boegel’s ponds. =e 2c6" 750
lectric Light Pond............... 1,500
Thompson’s pond..............-.- 750

Disposition. Number.
Vermont:

Barton, Crystal Lake...........---- 3, 750
Bennington, State fish commission. . *100, 000
Canaan, Big Averill Lake..........-. 1,825
Greensboro, Caspian Lake........-.--. 1,470
Hardwick, Nichol’s pond. -......-.- 1,600
Holden, Lake Dunmore............- 2, 500
Middlebury, Lake Dunmore ae 6,000
Orleans, Long Pond....-...- 3,900
Willoughby Lake........-..-..... 4,000
Roxbury, State fish commission..... *1, 400, 000
Washington: Tonasket Applicant .. -- *200, 000

Wisconsin:
Bayfield, State fish commission.....| *8,000,000
Delta, Spring Gake....22.-2..22.-c2 +10, 000
Donaldson, Black Oak Lake......-.- 10,000
Gordon, Eau Claire Lakes.........-. +10, 000
Madison, State fish commission. --.. *4, 000, 000
State fish commission. ..........-.. *6, 000, 000
Pelican, Pelican Lake............... 8, 000
Pembine, Boulder Lake...........-.. +9, 000
Coldwater Lake: --}.-- 23482-0522" +9, 000
DindquistUake:.o2.esccc-ce te tee +9, 000
Round Wake. 22:52 2ckestsccoeeek as 79, 000
apo Wing, Lake Superior. ....-.-.. 42, 200, 000

oming:
Ciearnane, Paradise Wakes... esses 1,000
Lander, Atlantic Lake. -..........-.. i 2,500
LOUIS WUaKOS coop eerciemae ee sees 2, 500
Poposia Lake. .......-.. 2,500
Pyramid Lake as 2, 500
Sandy Wake oo. ajo etree em ebiee ets 2,500
Laramie, State fish commission. - . .- *100, 000
Riverton, Brooks Lake.............- 2,500
Sheridan, State fish commission...-. *100, 000
+35, 332, 000
Motalia ss acc asa ts 45 ese $33, 395, 155
3, 699, 158

————— ee es

BROOK TROUT.

Alaska: Juneau, Salmon Creek Lake. . *150, 000
Arizona:
Globe, Reynolds Creek............-.. 4,000
Tempe, Tonto Creek.............-.- 4,000
California:
Baird, Salt. Creek. 2: .2.02 20250 et ee 5,000
Sacramento River, branch of..-...- - 5,000
Colton, Fox Creek 02: e220 8) cohen 1,000
TA gil bP {a a Aan Mc 1,000
El Monte, Win Mor Pond......-.-..- 1,000
Hancock, Squaw Creek. ...-.-.....- 5,000
Hickman, Riverview Lake.......... 1,000
Lancaster, McIntosh’s pond...-....-- 1,000
Point Reyes Station, Lime Gulch
WLP er oem ce sk pe tet eee *25, 000
Rosamond, Graves’s pond -......... 1,000
Truckee, Martis Creek........-...... 2,000
IETOSSOR CEeGK a Lise ts Sole nk cote 7,000
Colorado:
Antero, Antero Lake...............- 6, 000
Aspen, Express Creek.............-- 9,000
Austin, Twin Lakes................- 15,000
Bailey, Deer Creek..............-.-- 1,500
South Platteviver 7:60... 2... 428 84, 000
Basalt, Cattle Creek..............-.- 15,000
Biglow, Last Chance Creek.......... 12,000
orth Frying Pan River.......... 15, 000
Boulder, Boulder Creek............- 18, 000
Bowie, Hubbard Creek.............. 10, 000
Buena Vista, Days Lake............ 6, 000
Canon City, Beaver Creek........... 15, 000

Colorado—Continued ;
Cimarron, Big Cimarron River.....-
MakewNlougssase=ls4canuseaneeecene
Hak GON Osos. «ons stan scneese eae

Cliff, South Platte River..........--
Colona, Buckhorn Lake......-..--.-.
High Park Lake. --..-------------
Onion Creek Lakes........--------
Sink Hole Wake. 2-22. sceeweens
Tie Camp Wake 72 .2-08 soe ce= eee
Colorado Springs, Fountain Creek...
Langridge Ponds. -.c-scees sseeee-
Creede, Red Mountain Creek......-.
Rio, GrandeyRiver. 2) ees: eae
Shallow Creeks. oe sectsessee ses
Sunnyside Creek.........-...---.-
Trout Creek .So.cteis ts -ae aha
Cripple Creek, Gehm’s pond.....-.-
Crossons, Crossons Nursing Pond....
Curtin, Unewa Lake-., 0... ass
Delta, Current Creek............-.--
Dirty George Creek...............
Happy Hollow Creek..............
Surface Greeks...) -2shectaouseeer
Youngs Creek... .sess0-5--2c05-=4 40, 000
Denver, Bear Creek......-......-.-.- 20, 000
CovertSipond:.... sev, teesmceeces sac 800
Indian Creek. i 22152 sh svies chee eae 5, 000
Dillon, Slate Creek..........---.---- 10, 000
Divide, Loshbaugh’s pond.......... 6, 000

ow
rae

bo one
RHR NE oS

el ell el ll Se)

ADorono Wwooonot

ee

ST Te ee

{

SSSESSSSSSSSSSSSSSESESEE

—

@ Lost in transit, 25,000 fry; 1,565 fingerlings.

99805°—19——10

38

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition.

Colorado—Continued..

Durango, Florida River...--..------
Eagle, Brush Creek.......---.------
Eldora, Boulder Creek, North Fork. .

ake dOtde geese ease seen eee
Fraser, Corona Lakes.....--..-------
Glenwood Springs, Grizzly Creek....

No Name Creek.......------------
Granby, Baker Creek....-.---------

Grod “Rivers. .<2sc0..0s26ha ete

@regkeeinensscnedeescsscceesteeces
Hillside, Road Pond.....-...-...---
Hill Siding, North Boulder Creek... -
Hotchkiss, Crystal Creek....--------

Smith Fork Creek.....---2:.--:.--

Wyle Crecksc-scseeceae es seas pane
ODmManwakeraencesescace ese sineee
Jefferson, Rock Creek......--.--.---
Lake City, Gunnison River, Upper
Lake Fork:...2 202 aciteseee:
Lake George, Pierce’s pond....-.---
South) Platte River. ----ssssc02s
Leadville, Arkansas River....-.---.
BAG SOL CLOblkere sec cetaanes eaeerace
(BOM lee Kk eece once eeener eee ene
Crystaliakeweas ese etaasterecces
Half Moon Creek. .2.sceme:s22=ces-
Palka Creek: tise seen tsacsse
MakevParkiCreek=5c--52--<--2-te =
IMraseTOVOG Lake. ss. oscecca-necneee
Rock#@reek sore. nia) seeeceemcesee
Merinessee Creek---2-56-scc5 5 eles
Timber tine, Lake. -..=--<2s-s---5
Morquolseasake- ees see eeoe eR cee =e
win Wkesetc eee cae cee cee ce eeeee
Twin Lakes Creek.....-..-.-------

Marble, Lizard Lake. .
Snow Mass Creek................--
Marshall Pass, Arkansas River
North Fork.........
Greens Gulch Creek...
Littel Cochetopa Creek
Poncho Creek...

Silver Creeks2ousccaeceaczs :
Meredith, Jakenson Creek.........-
Minturn Cross Creek. 22. 2Seece-t ee

ich, Lalses. 25 sac 2 acount es

Gore Creeks. c.cccceeccurhecemnenae
Montrose, Spring Creek...........-.

SWANSOMUAKGS « cocsteac ce ttedseae
Nast, Cunningham Creek..........-.

ine Pan Riversite.c.cac. cece.

Frying Pan River, South Fork....

Tvanhoe Creek

Olathe, Heckert’s lake..........-....
Ouray, Dallas Club Lake............
Pando, Hagle Rivers....ces----s5 a6
Parkdale, Arkansas River.......-.-.
Phillipsburg, Walton Creek Lake...
Prospect, Lily DakOcevvesevocesecs

Mountain View Lake...........-

Wood Creek... 2: Jee ossgendoeane
Red Cliff, Homestake Creek.........

Number.

Disposition.

Colorado—Continued.
Ridgway, Dallas Creek............--
Rite, Rifle Creek ~_.on--, ee -on eae ae
Ruedi, Freeman Creek.........-----
Krying. Pan [River semose-s-.=-s—=%
Rocicy Fork Creek. .c..2-csheccube
Salida, Pass'CreeKeseccene= see eee
Poncha Creek... 2-25. chee aces eee
South Arkansas River...........--
Sapinero, Gunnison River..-......--
Sellar, Sellar Lake..................-
Shawnee, Deer Creek..........----.-
Shoshone, No Name Creek....-....-.
Silverton, Molas Creek........--.---
South Mineral Creek........-.-.--
Sloss, Frying Pan River.............
South Platte, South Platte River,
South Work... 5. ee eeeeee eee eee
Thomasville, Eagle Lake.......-..---
Engelbrecht Lakes..........-..---
Howard Dake 2rd... we ecnosn eee
PIM e Creek. cssewec aceuncmanoeeees
Spring iCrecks... seqasaeeoceeceeeee
Trinidad, Arkansas River.......-..-.
Purgatory River, Middle Fork....
Victor, Beaver Lake............-.4-
Bison Park: Wake os cssee =a seeeeee
ughlitt/sipond--. canes: sees
Skaguay Wake. .2-. lo. sen cemeeeeae
Webster, South Platte River......-..
Weller, Clear Creek........-..---200
Woodland Park, Club Pond..-......
Crystal ‘Ponde-1.-42%.. 2 sae
Engelbrecht Lakes..........-.-...
Fourth Lake... ..25stucseegaaeeeee
Hay Creek. citcace sane Soe
Take No: 2: 2 ouiscitee te eoesee eee

Connecticut:
Bethel, Diamond Hill Brook....-....
Flanders, Won-Bec-Water Creek....
Forestville, Morris Pond............
Granby, Hurricane Brook...........
Hartford, Broad Brook..............
SDMNe River-..<..ccc.ssaanseeeeen

New Canaan, Five-Mile River.......
Krog Town Brook...csscue.tecsene
Mill River: ..2. 20 scene oseeee see
Mill River, East Branch..........
Norwalk River, West Branch-....
Silvermine Rivers-s2.-2.-c-6 meee

New London, Beaver Brook........
Cedar Brook~....:ccset.cc-u0 ae
Jordan. Brook.\....scaceseene see eeee
Latimers Brook.:.. cesses eae

Plantsville, Plants Pond..
Simsbury, Bissell Brook. .
Salmon) Brook? .-.c<.<-.e-.<
Southington, Vlasto’s pond.........
Willimantic, i aie sila tisineeaereete
Mount Hope River, West Branch.

Norman Clark Brook.............. {

Georgia: Tallulah Falls, Tallulah
RVC seen occ cnceesdcssseeeeeeee

allace, B
Coeur d’Alene

d (kt): (pee So ke Sent
Hrazier Creek. ..'ccsveses cates cere
Placer Creek... ccs nate saest een

-

Number.

RoaSiohaSwas
S333 SSSSS3SSssssees

Oororm

et hh)

S
Ss

SSSSSSESSSSSSSSEE

3, 125

38

.

guBgeseessssseeees

~

Theis
Oo “1.00

~

—

.

&

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 39

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Illinois: Spring Grove, State fish com- Maine—Continued.
THISSIOMO eae «te ese =o ees ke *50, 000 Jackman, Little Churchill Creek. .... +16, 000
Indiana: Little Turner Pond...........-.-- +12) 000
Elkhart, Heaton Lake Creek........ +15, 000 Little Wood Pond..........------ +8, 000
Hobart, Duck Creek.........-..---- +10, 000 onetP ond ss. 2a eee +24. 000
Michigan City, Cowin Brook........ +10, 000 osttbondssetwkics.ack nee +12) 000
RPE PpEnOO Kes Sos Cc csi cea +10, 000 uthen Ponds. ...58te sleet see eee +12) 000
Wabash, Swank Creek............-- +20, 000 MicorestPond sees easee oe kee +8, 000
Iowa: Mooseimivert). yas se oe ow +32) 000
Cresco, Baldwin Creek..........-.-. 1,000 Moses Holden Pond...........---- +8, 000
Rutherford Creek............----- 1,000 INewtonsPond.....-2. 5. ssrA +12) 000
weet Lake, State fish commission. . *50, 000 Rancourt Bonde: 2 ack UE Ste +8) 000
aine: sandy) Stream 2245. <0 Bae ae
Attean, Attean Lake............-.-. +9, 000 Smithieond =) ea ae eee on
Clearwater Pond...........--.---- +9, 000 SfonysBroglges ease ss. eee eee +8, 000
Monsepyonde. o.oo ce) as tiee 79, 000 Sugar Berth Pond.......2.0.. 222. +12) 000
olpberd. stil... cee... +9, 000 Supply Ponds.) ccs ccn- cede ce +8,.000
Williams Brook..............----- +9, 000 Three Siredins Jie lice... -kei +3, 000
Bar Mills, Silver Brook..........---- +28, 000 Whipple; Pond] settee ae +8, 000
Belfast, St. Georges Lake..........-- +30, 000 Kennebago, Johns Pond 1,975
Bingham, Decker Ponds........-.-. 1,500 Kennebago Lake.................. 37000
Blanchard, Bunker Pond........... +8, 000 Little Kennebago Lake..........- 1 975
Bluehill Falls, Motherbush Pond..-. 2,000 Kineo, Moose River................. +24” 000
Castine, Fresh Pond............-.-- 3, 000 Scotean River............. eke Ge +15, 000
Columbia Falls, Peaked Mountain Tomhegan River..............--.. +12) 000
oe a ce aieae sod $21,000 || Kingfield, Day Brook............... +17, 500
Dedham, Branch Pond.........-.-- +50, 000 MittsiPond see een cae ees 417’ 500
Dexter, Jumper Brook....----...-.. 16,000 || Lincolns Mills, Alder Brook......... ” 600
ee os espokens we eee eter eee eee 427, Bi McGeorges Siding, Cathance Lake... 728, 000
Rife Panes. OY PS eh LOS (eae ee ans ee
Bagle Lake, Hagle Lake............. #114, 000 Taconia take... 2 3 000
Square Lake.........-..-----.---- 157,000 || North Anson, Embden Pond.......- 2) 000
East Orland, Craig Pond............ { Pe See a ee 2 a 600
! rchard, Mansion House Pond. , 000
Gully Brook ..............----.--- Te oo Oaiaossde, State fish commission.....| _ *100; 000
Patten Pond..........2.2-2c004- { , is Creo Wakeice = tS Si 0th. Sia: +102, 676
500
Wardwell Brook.................. +15, 000 Paine Daa Serena oe ue er
Ellsworth, Branch Pond............ +50, 000 Pleasant Lake aeher tent eens +21, 000
Ellsworth Falls, Beech Hill Pond... 721, 000 Motewoad! Ponds: ie eee uae ae +15, 000
Enfield, Trout Pond eS ee aie ie fe Se 712, 000 Phillips Lak Philli aoe es eh sey tae 4
Grand Lake Stream, Bonny Brook.. 45,000 || ‘portabe, Post? ips Lake........ 150, 000
Gardner Brook..................-. +3, 600 Por eh gr Waiee Lake..........--.. 136, 000
Spring Brook:........ 2 $5’ 000 ortland, Beaver Brook............. +7, 000
Sunset Brook:.o.2....1.........| +10, 000 Brandy ‘Brook... . ase eegggens 5 +10, 500
Green Lake, Green Lake............ +70, 000 oy. ids pander: ih incie Ses Rego 717, 509
Harmony, Grant Brook Pond........ +21, 000 te ake, tributaries of
Harrington, Schoodic Pond......... +14) 000 thon Branch............--.-... 110, 500
Hinckley, Lake George.............. +21; 000 Ne tle ne TORO REC ORe Pace 4Scidr ibs 710, 500
Holeb, Barrett Pond................ +15; 000 onesuch River-.-..2+/.-.+....1.- 121, 000
Bog Brook +15,000 Pleasant River... .522--.-Sssese-ce 717, 500
Deer Ponds} feta |], Red Brook...---- seer 110, 500
adits Ponds ks. ee ee +6, 000 Princeton, Huntley Brook 717, 500
owelliPond” 2... os ke cone pees +10, 000 Saco, Boothby Brook. ......... 2 714, 000
MoasGiver.............0. sso: +50, 000 Boynton Breek.: esa. ee +14, 000
Holden, Hatcase Pond........ Tae sa +30, 000 BirhamyBrookerssenee eee eee 717, 500
Island Falls, Pleasant Pond.......-. +18, 000 Deep Brook.....:-/---.2-2.--2---- 721, 000
Jackman, Attean Lake............-- +12, 000 Foxwell Brook....-.....-.....---- 714, 000
Benjamin Pond..............----- +8, 000 Fresh Water Brook...........---- 17, 500
Big Churchill Creek............--- +12, 000 Goose Fair Brook..............-.. 721, 000
Bie’TurnenPond........--.--.-2ks +8, 000 HarmonBrook-2522222-0-2- sees se 714, 000
Tavis Evil 215 ean a de ld +16, 000 Eolmes}Erooksaesca2 sess saeme see 714, 000
BonldemPond!)) 0. o.oo s--kecet +8, 000 Keay ETO kes oem enone eee eee +10, 500
Campbell Pond.............------ +3, 000 TGOTGRB ROG kere eee et ae eee 714, 000
Clearwater’Ponds.... of. e..:. +8, 000 Meade Brookesesesere snes lee oe aee +17, 500
Colunmbbondeerer.: 0.5.) ..cca8 +12; 000 MunchnBrooketeess:seseeons eeamas 714, 000
GCrackenibondsereer sso oee +16, 000 EC iy 181 010) ea oc Son eese Dene eee 714, 000
Damiond Ponds eet... os. toe +12; 000 Nand yaibrookemesaaee ss soe sae a 14, 000
Hirst Tobyelondes a5 osbecncecos 712, 000 SisripsrOOkeeres secccnes eae maas ie 000
Gander Brooke ose 4. te on eters tie 712, 000 Searsport, Swan Lake............... +27, 000
Grave Pondee IU. os. onset 48,000 || South Berwick, Knights Pond +10, 500
ee Pong AEE eer Te re fouly Paris, aor Rivers. ssn-n5. 17, 500
tes) ay Ee ae Rea mn E FVafih1 2403 416 ae ee eT
PELOTSOLBIOOK, so satrce ate gs fe ee +12, 000 Waskbuen (POUG SG ons. cc ase eee +7000
Horseshoe Pond..........---.--.-- +8,000 || South Penobscot, Fourth Pond....- 1) 500
Jim Mack Pond...............---- {22,900 Wight Ponte c so 1.235.005 6007 3, 000
Little Big Wood Pond............ 16, 000 Waldoboro, Slaigo Brook............ 2,000

40 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917,

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number.
Maine—Continued.

Walkers, Blackwater Brook.......-. { 72, 000
2,000

Squa PanvBrooks: nals e a ene { 13009
Squs Panthake. ee --ercecosseee +39, 000
Waterville, Britton Lake............ +30, 000
West Ellsworth, Patten Pond....... 75, 000

Whitneyville, Arna Meadow Brook . +10} 500
Maryland: :

Baltimore, Applicant.............-. +3, 600
Cumberland, Flintstone Creek....-. 1, 000
Deer Park, Glade Run.............. 800
Frostburg, Big Shade Run.......... 800
Big anrel Runs... sce scecneeeee 800
Little shade Rune... ..2 eens sees 800
Puzzleyi Runs: set see ee see ane 800
SpikersRuUne esses tees. esos 800
Germantown, Jones Creek........-.. 612
Glen Echo, Little Paint Branch..... 500
Hagerstown, Lanes Run............ 1,800
beitersburgvRimees > Soe eccenoe 2, 000
Stakes RUN miosccccectec eee oe aed 3, 000
Lonaconing, Browns Run........... 1, 200
Mountain Lake Park, Little Youghi-
opheny Riverssatesssecces eacess 2, 400
Osklarid, Black Runi-2 Sno sence 400
iBradleysRiunes se 22.220 eee semen 400
IBrowninpyRondies ose sece cabanas 1,600
JOU Dy telled 24 vu awnd peo es aa Aare ee 1,170
Oly Une Se cee ee ner ee 1,170
GlsdeiRins se) eee ee 800
Herrington and Kessner Run...... 400
Maker Beulaberee. serene cee e ee 400
Murley Brook...... psf het os a ae 1, 600
North Cherry Creek............--. 800
oliverpRuUllys ose ce ws eect eece Rees 400
Motion iRtnsxa ssa sae asec eae 540
Wilson iam sexs ons See ae AS 800
Rockville, Lakes Brook...........-. 1,000
Massachusetts:
Barre, Gaston’s pond......-....--.- 2, 500
Clinton, Bowers Brook. .......-.---- 1,500
Burkes Brook... 2..s ese ee 1, 500
(Collins Brook:..-cseeeesnceeee eee 3,400
Cushman, Roaring Brook........... +6, 000
Hartsville, Konkapot River......... 82, 000
Hinsdale, ‘Knapp rook...02e) 8 2,000
Stevens Creek...............- 5, 000
Kingston, Furness Brook. . 6, 000
Lee, East Beartown Brook....- 1,000
Hast eetBrook setcccc..seeees 1, 000
HVODD Brooker sc eee ce wee cccseene 1,000
Pegey Brooks {satu aneacuet ees 1,000
an le ene a aac aa Rae
BmyBrooke o.oo. cee tentina ;
Washington BIOOK. a sce agusaet oe 2,000
West Beartown Brook..........-- 1, 000
Leominster, Fall Brook...........-. 10, 000
Spectacle Poudss... . 2 icc acre aaense 5, 000
Pittsfield, Furnace Brook........... 1,000
Sackett Brook.:25.2.5. 2. ..waestecs 1, 000
TowniBLrooksn<ccnes cscs. ee neneh o 1, 000
DLOKUIMARIVOl eee ec acencc)s cocmmer 1,000
Shelburne Falls, Avery Brook....... ey 000
Bassett Brackscese cddccc ccaveease 5, 000
RGarUnIVeD caalesecee oc sccace mass +5, 000
Branch Cropki. eo sccse. o2.5-<snmere +5, 000
Clark. Brooks sos ccc owes set cidenee [es 000
Glosent Riveruscesoc st... scence 5, 000
DTracOne Broo kssse ee sctemoces os oes 1: 000
Drake Brookszssccnanceecnee- ch ue 4,000
Wox: Brook. scat Sees 2 58k 3,000
Hawks Brook. .02o25seso eed 3228 5, 000
Mill River oo). ccesedapusauetsseee ee 5, 000
North River..c.sceccerscseueestesee 4,500
Sehneck. Brook... c220 0 oes suz 4, 000
Steel Brook. 2s szsccaqcsucceeeee et. 4, 000
Wilcox Brook. scc0tteite cece cots 3, 000
Wilder Br0okectan meunmratasen ccs +4, 000
Tyngsboro, Butterfield Pond........ 3, 000

Disposition.

Massachusetts—Continued.

Wellsley Farms, Indian Spring
BOOK. 5 aac amapntinte cat ch cee enna
Westboro, Cedar Brook.........-.-.
Westfield. Big Powder Mill Creek...
Great Brook 2occerss Stegee ncnen a

Roaring. Brook) .-sn-uasee-esleseee
pand y; Mill Brook= 2) 2): uepessseee

Michigan:

Baldwin, Baldwin Creek and
Branches......2 0322 it2s7-baceeeeeane
Bessemer, Massie Run............-.
Beulah, Cold Creek........-...---.--
Branch, Weldon Creek.......-.-.---
Chassell, Paradise Brook....-.....-.-
Copemish, Betsey River...........--
Covington, Case Creek.....-......--
Dreher Creek...%. -bes2 50 -eteeeees
Rock Creek. .- i s23-<6 Sones eee eee
Watson Creek: 32.2. deca shascesee
Crystal Falls, Briar Hill Creek. .
Brule Lake:s. 4. as.t 4 sseanceeeenee

Daggett, Johnson Creek.........----
East Tawas, Au Sable River.......-.
Indian'Creeke 25. .-.c-se<s5-seeees
Loud) Creek: 22: 2203 eee sseeese
Vaughn Creek... -.5520) Seer
Farwell, Chippewa River and
branches 222 use e ke see seen eee
Hillman, Brush Creek.........-..-.-.
Bullock' Creek. 3. 2th 6. seca
Pike Creek. 2. 223 ose cicts- passe
Houghton, Poppy Creek: 3:2 ~s-2aqc
Indian River, Little Pigeon River...
Twin) Dake Branch 2a: oo. cee cect
Tron River, McColman Creek........
MeAllister Creeket 2.5.52 nc oneness
Silver(Creeks 2c 2conesn once gees
Ishpeming, Clear Water Creek.......
Gold Mine Creek.........---------

West"Branch? 252 220) vies +... aie
Jackson, Crouches Creek...-....-.-.
Kingsley, East Creek................

Grays Greeks. 22322.) .2kee eee
Lake Gerald, Little Elm Creek. .....
Lake Linden, Chantonaw Creek.

Dreamland Creek........---.-

Spring Brooks. pee eee eee
Leo Siding, Kelsey Creek.......-...
Deas, Clam. River.2e22---s----~-—06
McBains, Clam River......-..-.-.-.
Marenisco, Alder Creek..............

ASH Gredine ky seew semen c. tccnee

Balsami@reekceers ete esac8. an kseras

BarrsiEroous eeeences ont. cas 4 eaceee

Bear Creeksnc: sidec2ictcece cease

(BOAVERIDTOOKAS oo -0t¢22 see cena

‘Birch: Oreakes cess) = <5 205¢ eae

Cedar Creek..........- cette eee

Clam Creek...) 00505555562 euereers

Dandy Browns Brook.....-.-..----

Douglass Creek. -=..2.25:ticeteeess

Poleys Creeks. s<<: 252 seashore

WOrbSuBroOkiec2c- 2:26 saeteeeeeman

Hazel Creek... --:.:.:s2seseesneeere
Hofiman Creek... :<-/ 20 ALit
Honeymoon Creek..........------
Tron (Creek. sc. kcnse es nclee ne eemee A

Number.

es
>
i)

NON CONTAIN tO TET ET ND

CO at ae al el er ns ie et i Oy

8

eee eee OS

—
i}

SWWW Ree eer OOO

Otel eter ee

Cl 2.

—
WED NNvUT

BE ee ee ee OOOOH EEE SSO Sma OOw ono oS

weer eee eee Sw

eee ete)

—

——
| Sok Soll oR ll aod

CO-games Oat ce OE ee

SSESSSSESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSESSSZEEZESE SESSSSSSSSESSSSSSES SESSESSSESESE

aS > Soe ee eee

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 4]

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Michigan—Continued. Minnesota—Continued.

Marenisco, Jimmie Thomas Brook. 1,500 Houston, Storer Valley Creek....... 850
NGHOSPEEGOKS eens cise assertions Foci 1, 500 Swede Bottom Creek............. 850
IEE Gs) a 7, 500 Knife River, Baptism River. ......- 8,000
Little Coon Creek................. 4, 500 Manitanvitlyere -o 2.00) pe pe +5, 000
Little Spring Creek..........-.---. 1, 500 Temperance River...............- 8, 000
MekKinney Creek: ...-.2...22... 224 7, 500 Larsmont, Launsberry’s pond....... 2,000
Mays Creeks ooo. bee a eee 1,500 Lewiston, Enterprise Creek......... 1, 400
Munroe Creel. Soi 252... .ccs.e2 88 1,500 Kerguson) Creek) tea: sae eee 700
Nine Mile Creek... .....0022.2-22.-5 1, 500 Hemingway Creek............-..- 1, 400
Wiren@roeks Woo seats cs eee 1, 500 Wine Creeka sie feet a eM 1, 406
HAIPOOINCTCOK Mra) oc csc eee 1, 500 Little Falls, Skunk Creek..........- 4, 500
NO Wel CLOCKS. oh <= cakes satel antienld 1, 500 Pickwick. (Troug Creek.) 2.5. -eeeeee +24, 000
ESV AIMONOO Khe how eecinece cee see 1,500 Pillager, Peterson Creek............. 3,000
pamipsoniG@reelk. eo cone kee 1,500 Rochester, Badger Creek............ 1, 400
Schamel Creek........ 2s cake atte 1,500 Bear Creekirant!..2suee: Anleeee oe 1, 400
Slippery Elm Creek............... 1,500 Trouti@reeke hve ee) Noe ees 700
puaplen Creeks 0 2 ooo. scan met 1, 500 Rushford, Big Spring Creek......... 850
Sutherland Creek ........-......-. 1,500 iBirchdale Créek=s. S425 5) gee 850
Mamarack Creek... cose) seseeh- 1, 500 gmpiCreok:s sce. o3. te Naa eee ay 850
Miniplett Creeks. 2222322. aS 1,500 Collridge/Creeki252_ 12 25eh sy. ee 850
mpeazZel Greeks) 22h 522 ec ea 1,500 Daley Cred hs oe.) eee 850
iWallow. Creekic.< 222.2. 2eccd dt yee 1, 500 DiamondiCreek. a). os ase nen ete 850
Marion, Clam River..........-...... 8,000 Enterprise Creek.) 2 .i5.2).0:02.-05 850
Mass, Fire Steel River. ...........-. 6, 000 Ferguson Creek..... Be bagel te 850
Metropolitan, Sturgeon Creek, West Perndale Creek. -! i is222.2 22g east 850
BEAN CHM oe ot oo ck ax ecbtd ated 3, 000 Gaffney Spring Creek... 850
Negaunee, Escanaba River. 10, 000 Grib bin) Creeks tears cs hr tes eid 850
Spring Creek Pond........... mil 2? 000 Hazard Creek... -...o....s8euee 850
RenekamMCreek 22222 ue th suod 5, 000 Hemmingway Creek............-- 850
Niles, Dowagiac Creek............... 10, 000 T-verson! Creoles) 2» Sy iab tee ctyie4. 850
McCoy Brook...-........... Saeed 6, 000 Jensen' Creeks as-is eee ek i 850
WraltonUBrook. So. 3262s 0 ec2ce3 528 4,000 Meade: Creek So 28s oe 2.) ated 850
Nirvana, Pere Marquette River and Opheim’ Creek= 223225. 35.42 ai eA 850
{DELL} OVETSI Ea a ane +20, 000 Overland! Creek. 00) las aay ae ees 850
Ontonagon, Cranberry River........ 7, 500 Pinei Creeks oi hts -: Sl) eee 850

Cunningham Creek. .............. 3, 000 Rtish Creeks ce sk bane aos Cs ae ilk
Meer Creeke.22 255.2265 22.aeeaes ots 3,000 Silveri Creek: 3 oP ee us hee 850
WaddysiCrege 2s Se 1,500 ‘Porkelson' Creek s..5 55). Lael bee 850
Perch Siding, Cold Creek............ 1, 500 Wigilandi@reek: oo) 2 leat yaaa ls 850
EE PEGHURLVOMess soe co en ce. SUR 1, 500 IWascoy'Creek sk? hosd saya oe 1,700
Pori, Leveque Creek...............- 3, 000 St. Charles, Campbell Creek........- 1, 200
Raco, Pine River, tributaries of... ... 12,000 Carter Creek 92) 25-5. Sia safes ott 600
Rockland, Flintsteel River.......... 4) 500 (rowiCrédke. Soo <5" she. e) seh 1, 200
Rockland Creek. 62520. y. 00 eae) 3,000 Culbertson Creek! {°s.)_ 1. sa 600
Rock River, Rock River............. 8, 000 Demuth! Crock 25 eh AG ee 1, 200
Stager, Nault Creek................. 1,500 Drakes’ Creek.) </-.. awoset) Beh 1, 200
Stager Crooks secs sore es tc abel 3, 000 ays Creek.) 2 ten Wwe. ee aes 600
Stephenson, Belgey Brook.......... 3,000 Ferguson Creek. .......2..---22-1- 600
Stonington, Lake Grace............. 3, 000 Hemmingway Creek.......-....-- 1, 200
Tioga Siding, Hickey Creek 3, 000 iendee Creel? . 2.2006 Saat Ta 600
Wellston, Cedar Creek.......... 4 +15, 000 IFolMmS Creeley Si. 2h) Woda Noay 1, 200
iene Creek 250052225 5 Uap eee Gee +40, 000 Holtz Creek... . 1, 200
Wingleton, Bauman and Cedar Logan Branch. 1, 200
rep KS My ee ef Oa Ad Oe ag +20, 000 Loudens Creek... 600
Yuma, Slagle Creek................. +30, 000 Nichols! Creek<. 255 - Siaet Berane 600
Minnesota: Pettis’ Creek sack Veni.) Saale 1, 800
Byron, Bear,Creek.....:....... 2:2: 4,900 Pieils: Creckc 21) oe seen bead oi 600°
Caledonia, Crooked Creek, South ine ‘Creek: 2.22532 ae aa: 600
TEC Scie Seo Se eae 480 Quincy Creeke § 2eeen i Sees 1, 200
Crystal Valley Creek.............. 480 Rush’ Croeks<tG5 ules WP Mas eh eae 600
LD FES 3 F2Val Gy 21e] ee Oe 480 Slarins Creek: 255 Gis babs dee ds 600
Thompson Creek. -......... 28... 480 Prout Creek 22 he" yhb ae yes 1, 800
West Beaver Creek...............- 480 Troy Cred a Wieaw vi nie ieee 1, 200
Winnebago Creek................- 480 Whitewater River. ......-..-..-.- 600
Clearbrook, Clearbrook Creek........ 10, 000 Whitewater River, Middle Branch 1, 800
uty Brookes sehr Giseg hae 16,000 Whitewater River, North Branch. 1, 200
Fairbanks, Wolf Creek.............. 8, 000 Whitewater River, South Branch.. 1, 200
Harmony, Elliott Creek............. 2,550 Wilson} Branchess<2)225_ 25. co.seee 600
Maland Creek. 2.220228). 850 Sugar Loaf, Pleasant Valley Creek... +6, 000
Mover’ Cresk s 325 2 ste fF nn ee 850 West Burns Creek...........00-28- +10, 500
Houston, Badger Creek. ............ 850 Winona, Beaver Creek.........---.- 1,000
Pape Cracices. ae tek eec es AB 850 Conednle Creek: .. = ccc ...tedsanaee 2,000
Campbell Creek............-...--. 850 Gilmore Valley Pond............- 1, 200
niky Creek. Woh etn iey eels 850 Willow bond)... 002. 4.22 Sees 1, 200

East Beaver Creek...............- 850 || Montana:

Crystal Valley Creek.............. 850 Alder, Rubey River........2..--.- 900
Looney Valley Creek.............. 850 Arlee, Agency Creek... 222... ..202-: 675
Money Creek. c.2 0 9%s. 3. ctrseeei.s 850 Finley CrGeke oe ha tcas canner 1,675

42

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition.

Montana—Continued.
Arlee, Jocko Rivers j20.. Sse t eee
Spring Creek... cccccu deen pees
Belgrade, Benhart Creek...........-
Bull Crock ve cccxcewousmeehene ieee

Dry: Creek oo. oo. See Cees raat
East Gallatin River..............-2.
iIMiddleiCreokG2. ope cn.ioee eee ook
Passi€reaks. st tek cache

Story Creekin fooler tn ee
Thompson\Creek?. -..2225.4 2a

Browning, Arnoux Creek............
Milk River, Middle Fork..........
Choteau, Sun River.................
Darby, Bitter Root River...........
Dell, Red Rock River....:-.:.....42
Sheep! Creek Cc. )64 2 te ew
Dodson, Lodge Pole Creek..........
East Bridges, Chain of Lakes...._._-
Florence, Three Mile Creek......._..
Forest Grove, Flatwillow Creek,
Wiestitorkes i o.ccke=Jssecee eee
McCartney Creekic-. 2422242525222
Surenough Creek.: 22.2220) ..2222
Glacier Park, Cutbank River.....-..
Grimnelltbakesis.20) 5.2 +. 92.05.
Gunsightibake: soso oe). eae
ake Josephine=-s6 ose sass lees
Lake Mary Ellen Wilson..........
Red Eagle Lake..........2.. 252222
St. Marys Lake....-....222:52252-
Hamilton, Spring Creek........._...
Havre, Beaver Creek: ......0..29250.
Hedges, Careless Creek... .... au
Swimming Woman Creek 4
Hobson, Springdale Creek... fife
Lewistown, Castle Creek............
ake Paradise:.-:2 2.5225. 8222 52008
Marquette River. :.2.-- 222.2014
Spring Creek, East Fork..........
Martinsdale, Basin Creek............
Richmond Creek..................
Missoula, Browns Lake. ...........-
DusettiCreeks oo. tL Mae ae

Pony, South Willow Creek..........
Red Lodge, Red Lodge Creek......-

Springhill
Stevensville, Cherette Creek.........

Victor, Lake View .2205i¢ .se9) hu
White Sulphur Springs,
Creek. <2. /itiicke ae.
Beaver Creek. ....... ag
Big Birch Creek...
Big Spring Creek.........
Cammas Creek ..553. 5-5
Duke Creek se 232s scope te |
Musselshell River, North Fork... .|
Newlan Creek

Smith River, South Fork.......-- |
White Tail Creek.................
Winston, Antelope Creek...........
Staback Creek.........-..-......

Number.

Disposition.

_

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4
~

Nebraska:
Chadron, Beaver Creek
Big Bordeaux Creek.
Chadron Creek

White Cla
Rushville,
Nevada:

Bristol, Brayley Brook
Cockermouth River

ASG Ua Brooks. cet ane nae
Black Brook
Clay Brook

Lake Anderson.......... 3
Lake Carolyn. ...
Mount Echo Brook

Glen, Ellis River
Glen Cliff, Funnell Brook...........
OliverianiBrook........ - Sse
Witcher Brook... co.cc en cena
Gorham, Wild River..........021)-
Grafton, Sanders Brook.............
Greenfield, Alexander Brook. .....-.
Cooper Brook: ......u.. eee ae
Hardy Brook... ~ uote bo eeee
Harrington Brook.................

Number.

+15, 000

+
ee ee
SCOMOON WP

ee SAS Saas etiets

bo.o9 09.0989 09 00

_
RNR ON Nm Oh Orb To bo 00

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-

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&

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 43

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
New Hampshire—Continued. New Hampshire—Continued.

Greenfield, Hovey Brook..........-. 3, 000 West Rindge, Taggart Brook........ 6, 000
MLV TIO ANIC ooo ac155 ca sicie ce 4,000 Walton; Blood) Brook... .-5-0.sos--ce6 4,000
bawhroOkeee es oc.0 2 scescs emis 3, 000 Hodgon' Brook 2... - 25.2 Sobecseee- 4, 000
WewlonEbrooks: =o. 2.2) <n.) onacee 3, 000 Wing Road, Gale River............. +12, 000
Smith Brook...... ee oe 3, 000 Woodstock, Eastman Brook..-....-. 6, 000
South Brook. . 2,000 || New Jersey:

VC TRIGA BR00) ea ee 2,000 Englewood, Ditman’s pond........-. 800

Henniker, Aime Brook 10, 000 East Northvale Brook............. 500
Reign Brook.-.-....::2-5.-2cco00 4,000 HutehinsonsPond=: 2. -ce-eeee sees 500

en Borough Brook? .-2--. 2.2 22..-- 200 Heong, Hells pond a2. oo se eeeseeee 500
Flanders Brook.................-- 5,000 Oak Ridge, Stony Brooke sg 2--- ee 750
ENORSR TOOK hoes ee ee ee 200 Stonyrerook Wakerrs oso eneeee ee 2,000
eawellSBrookss = oceese snes Se oe 200 Paterson, Saw Mill Brook........... 2,000
iWiood ward (Pond:2 22.22.2022. 2-..2 8,000 Phillipsburg, Lows Hollow Creek... 1, 000

Keene, Granite Lake............---- 8,000 Mil Brooks? ss! =n eee eee seees 1,000
(CARES 15000) eed ge ees eee 5, 000 Rockaway, Beaver Brook.........-. 2,400
WiLLOR ES TOOKs = east eran Sid Slee 8,000 || New Mexico:

Lebanon, Chamberlain Brook...---. 2,000 Cloudcroft, Water Canyon Creek .... 1, 500
Greatisrogk 3: /222e 3. Pe 11, 000 Dexterveecos River. tee eee 1, 000
up bard Brooks. -- 2-225: 25s2¢-s-2. 9, 000 Espanola, Quemado Creek .......-... 1,000
PEN PE TOOKees 2504+ 242ees5 52252 - 1,500 Rig Amadia-fe: stosee toe yoe eee 1,000
Pirie bOnd cons» Sense Se eee See 14, 000 Santa-Clara River-...-.....-:-2-.- 1,000
OOTY, BROOKS ss eae sn hes cel on- 12, 000 WrickasiCreckss ces cesee nemo tees 1,000 -

Littleton, Glover’s pond.........-.- +4, 000 Folsom, Canyon Creek ...........-.. 1,500

Manchester, Bog Brook........-.--. 3, 000 Glorieta, Holy Ghost Creek........-. 5, 000
MOIGNETOOKEE = Sa5 Ses css cece cen. 10, 000 Macho! Creeks) sasc22 ease aces 2,000
ColdStream! Brook=_-2-.-2-222-..- 6, 000 Moro Creckiss: 2) occ. .c6 2 ccee neces 3, 500
(DE Tae Tal B10) Se ener ee 4,000 Pecos! Rivertts ti cssccteccaccee ames 9,000
iHiodgedon Brook-£2. 2230222. 2. 2. 15, 000 Willow Creak 2526225252 2033522 52-62 1,000
WeACHTOOKA: ost: ice. \osaet sen aae 10, 000 Winsor Creok oe see 8 2 sie se ee ae 2,500
McOvestion Brook .=..\2-222-2.--2- 2,000 Hagerman, Felix River... -.......- 500
MITStONe rook. 222.25 5222 00 sos 2,000 Manty, Pecos! River sqm=-s2eeeeceb ees 7, 500
IP PRIA TOOKS = ees eta e sale. 1,000 Las Vegas, Gallinas River........-.-. 6, 000
AULONE ROOK A= 5425 Sa este ee ce 10, 000 Gallinas River, South Fork .-....-.. 2,000
Peters Brook 300 Gallinas River, Trout Spring
Pierce Brook 24, 000 Branch scsi es. pea coe Sees 1,000
Ray Brook 2, 200 Gallinas River, Youngs Fork....-. 1,000
Searches Brook 6, 000 Sapollowtiver=sccsteccecass ose aae 1,000
South Weare Brook.........-.---- 8, 000 Raton, East Royale River.........- 7, 000
UAE TOOKE esses loo lees se. ce 15, 000 Schwachkeim Creek, Left Fork... 2,500
Sweet Water Brook.........-.---- 2, 000 Schwachleinge Creek, Right
Zhompson Brook:..:.-.-.------2-- 2, 000 Or Seon: Sees ee aa ese oa 2,500
WULF oT ee 0000) | oe 11, 000 Suparite Crecks cess coe teen ences 5, 000
Wit StB TOOK 2 Soot es oe 5450035 2,000 Riberis, Pecos Rivers. .-20---22-52 5, 000
Wioodward Brooke: 22-3200. 222: 10, 000 Taiban, Taiban Creek............... 500

Nashua, Bailey Brook..........-..-- 6,000 || New York:
iBartemus) Brook: 2 s-/-22222-2---: --- 6, 000 Altmar, Campbell Creek..-.....---.- +4, 000
Beaver Brooks se gasssecs reece s 2,000 Grindstone Creek.....-.-.-------- 728, 000
Biudro Brooks. 22-225 ace sens ace 10, 000 RodunkiCreeks.! io sh32c¢ Saceneale +5, 000
Crystal Spring Brook.......-.----- 4,000 Ardsley, Grassy Sprain Brook....... +4, 000
layer Brook... i505-.5-1.08 2h cscs 1,500 Sprain BROOK 60.52.2520 sagt os is 000
Arye BbTOOken ast eoce et tote 2'000)||s Attica) Holden Brook. /°°** 2.222225. 4,000
anierveed Brook 222228 ss22-e a os 8,000 | Java Center Creek....,.......--.-- 73, 000
Little Nesenkeag Brook..........- 2,000 Johnson) Creek teens see eee eee 1? 000
MING yp BTOOK -o.seso22e s Sage ee oe 4,000 || Au Sable Forks, Taylor Pond....... 8, 000
MaticookBrook:>.2: 222) 2a 22ese eee 8, 000 Bath, Cold Spring Creek........-..- +5, 000
Nesenkeag Brook.............---- 10, 000 Benson Mines, Ellis Creek.........-.- +5, 000
DN BVEGIS DONG] oo fcc os. os oie eee 8,000 Little Rivers sccesce cece cemaccees +15, 000
ECAC Ks BLOOK 2s’. 2%..'.2 22 -.2sce 4,000 Tamarack Creék jooce ceo. sa sae +5, 000
Pep er brook.-2....-....---2--2- 5, 000 Brookhaven, Little Neck Run--.-.- 71, 750
MEPAEMA LOOK +s. = 22... 22.2 -seeese 1, 500 Cadosia, Vance Creek ..........-.-..- 1,000
WELCH ED THOKe: vena 2 =~ Sol caceee 8,000 Callicoon, Callicoon Creek ........... +9, 000

Newport, Rand Pond 1,000 Cambridge, McMillans Brook........ +3, 000
pHedd Brooke. .-. 2. .-.2--2 2,000 Carthage, Black Creek..........-.--- +12, 000
Stonyebroole sa Se a ses 8,000 Deerlick Creek +3, 000

North Woodstock, Eastman Brook.. 3,000 Draper Creek - .. +3, 000
Jackman Brooks... 22-5... -1.---<-s 2,000 Hubbard Creek . +5, 000
MOSt RIVOle= ye ace see eee sss 2, 000 Weaver Creek 75, 000
Pemigewasset River, Middle Wihite Greek 2 3252 2 nce attinctneciny2 +3, 000

Livashalelt ee 8 SN oe a eee 2,000 Catskill, Woo will Brook....-. +3, 000

Plymouth, Oey, iBrockies: See... 8 8, 000 Cattaraugus, Boardman Creek....--- +3, 000
HOWer’S DIOOK seas aoe soe nee oe 8,000 Wiallkeetbrook>. + o-suee sete tee +4, 000

South Brookline, Rockwood Pond.. 4,000 Cobleskill, Adams Hollow Brook.... +10, 000

South Lyndeboro, Rose Mountain Charlotteville Creek............--- 2,000
IBPOOK .. .- 5='saewcusc ter ne eee ek 8,000 Clapper Hollow Brook...-.-.....-- +8, 000

Suncook, Deer Brook.............-. 3, 000 Cold Spring Brook............---- 1, 500
Hampshire Creek ...............-- 3, 000 East Worcester Creek.......-.-.-- 712, 000

Twin Mountain, Zealand River..... +9, 000 Par Hollow BYrOOR. ©2.2-- cc. ese 1, 000

Warren, State fish commission...... *50, 000 Conewango, Post Brook.......-..... +5, 000

44 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917,

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.

New York—Continued. New York—Continued.

Corning, Owens Pond........------- +4, 000 Santa Clara, Guide Board Brook. ... +5, 000
Cortland, Hall Brookes..2- aces 5, 000 Spring Pond........ sieewengoece +2, 000
coll BLOOKee-52 eer eee ee nee seer 4,000 Schenectady, Hungerkill Creek...-.. 12: 000
Crophan, MishiCreek ees: aoeccaae=- +10, 000 Schenevus, Bik Creole... 2c! Soanane +15, 000
Sand: Bond: ss42252 455 eee ee 710, 000 Sherburne, Handsome Brook... .--- +20, 000
Mout Brooke sseee..seeeeee ee =- I? 000 Smyrna Brook ies .5.:20 none 1, 200
Delevan, Worden’s pond.......----- 4,000 Shohola, Beaver Brook...-...--.---- a +10, 000
Deposit, Cold Spring Brook.......-. 1,000 South Lansing, East Teeter Creek..- +6, 000
Columbia Dakeitei.t2 02 --- sere. <= 2,000 Steinberg Creek........-.-----.--- 1, 600
Onuara Greekessss2-poteee neaciae 2,000 Springville, Clarks Brook. .-.......- +4, 000
D2yovors Bigs ca ee eet or oe seeace 1,000 Syracuse, Butternut Creek.........- 1, 200
Droit: Creeks 2 ars whe Veen ce 1,000 Chittenango Creek. ..-----.------- 1, 600
Wihitaker Creek: i2.:26::sc2-52-<5- 500 DeMont Frida Brook.-...-.-....-- +5, 000
East Worcester, Baptist Church Evansward Trout Pond........... +5, 000
TOOK REE e ote eae nets +6, 000 Mimestone Oreekesses: es -aeee eee 1, 200
Clapper Hollow Brook........---- +5, 000 OnondagalCreeke a2 oe. eee 1, 200
Tar Hollow Brook 2022202 --2-5- 42 +6, 000 Pooles Brook? ae y se ears wee 1,600
Ellenville, Beer Kill Creek .....-.--- +9, 000 Seriba Greek: 22 Meee 2,000
Botsford Brook .....-------------- +5, 000 Walton, Beers Brook...-.---- s +13 500
Elmira, Barfield Brook............-- +8, 000 Bramley Br00k 5. s sos. see eee +5, 000
aaver bLookescsneser cece seas +4, 000 ‘Hast Brook. Jc aséecl coceeaceaeee +9, 000
Gathering Oredksse2ecsncecssce ore +8, 000 Marvin Hollow Creek....-.-.....- +9, 000
Jackson Greclcesassecence oes ere +8, 000 West Brook: . ..--- <0 5---- 0-2 -ce= 13, £00
Recloy Creek. ness fo ore set aeisiciain +5, 000 Watertown, Stebbins Creek......... 15,000 -
SinpisinelGreekessee se eee = eto +8, 000 Westport, Birch Ponds’. ss.-sas ee 500
Wiyncoop Creek:.-.-.------.----5- 18 000 Bouquet River.......-..------.-.- 500
Felts Mills, Felts Mill Creek. ..-..-.-- +10, 000 Bouquet River, North Branch. ... 500
Fulton, Black Creek. ........------- +16, 000 Bouquet River, South Branch.... 500
Sheldons Creek.......-.--------+-- +5, 000 Branch Brook, South Fork........ 500
Genoa, Gamel Creek: ...--.-..-....- 1, 600 Club House Brook.....-.---.-.-.- 500
Pine Hollow Creek... .02-22----.- 800 Cold Spring Brook.....-:......... 500
Great Bend, Hubbard Creek....-.--.- +15, 000 Courtiey (Ponds ces] cera 500
Halfway, Carpenter Brook...-...---.- +10, 000 Deep Hole Pond....--.-.....-_... 500
Hornell, Car Valley Brook. --.------ +5, 000 Hn Ch Od ie ee ele rola ot eee 500
RockwelliBrookt--ccseseeene nee ee +5, 000 Hinch Pond Brook. <---.-.5-: eee 500
Seely Creck-t eerie scm = e-eneem- 710, 000 Ted eB role aiee store tae nie ctor 500
Hunter, Batavia Kill Creek..-..-...- +8, 000 Tindsay Brook.) cs. 5-250 see eee 500
Big Hollow Creek........-------+- +8, 000 Miller Camp Brook.........--..... 500
Nauvoo Creeks 2202282 eee +6, 000 Moss Pond eo sacwsjraniaswonceeee cam 1,500
LaFargeville, Landon Creek... -..-.-. 74, 000 Moss Pond Brook......--..---...- 500
Lake Mahopec, Croton River, West Schroonwhivel scence en eeee ts 500
IBTABCH Sassen e een occccee es $21, 000 SecretiPond 2-2. ac. <5 eee 500
Liberty, Mongaup Creek..-.-..-- bee 1,000 White Plains, Fowler Pond..-....... 300
Limestone, Quaker Creek. .-..------- 3,000 |} North Carolina:
Long Lake West, Otter Pond......- +5, 000 Andrews, Morris Creek. ..-.-.-.-.-.. 2,000
Lyons, Ackerman Brook..-.....----- 1, 200 Asheville, Dillingham Creek........] ° 2,500
Glenmont Brook.....-- ajctactoistel ela 1, 200 Bowie, Cauchee Creek.........--.-.. 3,000
Mido Crap At tacschice- case sere 1, 600 Brevard, Hubbard Creek............ 4,000
ivoselGneakeesess ee lao ceoe seca 1, 200 Woilliamson'Creek..--- 5. --.- me 8,000
Morrisville, Cowasselon Run.......- 3,500 Cherryfield, Bear Wallow Creek. . . . 3,000
Onida Creek. 200 sence cnnes 3,500 Cherryfield Creek. .............-+- 3, 000
Mount Kisco, Beaverdam Creek..... $17, 500 Mill Creeks. ...3: 2 5--otec en eee 3,000
Newark, Trout Creek. ......-.--...-- +15, 000 PaxtoniCreeko 3. 2-206 oeeeeee 3, 000
North Ilion, GUC reek see eer ae icine 718, 000 Doughton, Sandy Creek......-...... 3,000
North Lansing, Gulf Creek.........- 800 Edgemont, Wilson Creek.....-.....- 5,000
Teeter Creek. .....--.--+--s02000-- 400 || Elkland, Greens Mill Creek. ...-.- 1,500
Northville, Charley Lake.......-...- +5, 000 Hartley Creek.. 2. 2.2 .«----sepeseee 1,500
Oneonta, Charlotte River..........- 20, 000 Howards Creek: so in2ss-emee esses 2,000
Oswego, Lewis Creek.......---.-..-- 10, 000 Flat Rock, Kings Creek..-..--...... 2,000
Port Henry, Cheney Pond.......-.. 10, 000 Graphiteville, Mill Creek............ 2,000
Sand sP ond aes ee seer eae 5, 000 Lake Toxaway, Bear Wallow
Port Jervis, Black Brook.........-.- 5, 000 Creek .o jocnccenecteees ce sae cocke 6,000
BuyntiHopeiGreeketit-- --<-s--cms 6, 000 Chatooga)Riverssos 2.2. ncse t=. 10, 000
Bush Kill Creek. -.-....-2.- Saree 6, 000 Fowler Creeks (ste se<c- een cscs ete 4,000
Mon eeipihiverie-.cssccceer vases +10, 000 Green Creekieee coe se. c-15.cn secs 4,000
Shinglekill Creek. ................ 8,000 Miller’s pond. fieek ieee eijeicle sarees 4,000
Stenneykill Creek..-.............- 4,000 Thompsontlekes....2.<-...scnee 4, 000
Potsdam), Snell Brooks. ok sis... +10, 000 Lenoir, Davenport Branch.......... 2,000
Preble Tioughioga River 1,000 Linville, Big Grassy Creek.......... 5, 000
Randolph 7,000 Grandmother Creek * 10,000
Raquette *25, 000 Laurel Creek. ......- F 5, 000
Bear Pon *25, 000 Linville Riverocs. v5 .<5.-.c8ee 5, 000
Richland, Mad River, West Branch. 10, 000 Linville River, West Fork........ 5, 000
Salmon River, North Branch. .... li Pec ag Grassy Creek. bane FB 4 a
. ; arion, Little Buck Creek........-. ,
Rome, Fish Creek.....-..----------- { 2,800 Mount Mitchell, Crab Tree Creek... 300
Mohawk Rivers. ius... ce bes ence 3, 200 Old Fort, Curtis Creek.............. 5, 000
Santa Clara, Deep Pond............ 2,000 JATFELt CeO. . o.6nischjomsieacle ace 2,000
‘Deen, Pondauten. 0’. Jose aue sscze 2, 000 Mackey Creelin\: =. cance arenas cee 2,000
Dimmerick Brook................- 4,000 Swannanoa River............... 2, 000

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition.

North Carolina—Continued.
Olivette, Mulberry Creek..........--
Pineola, Barrier Creek...........---
Cranberry Creek. ......-.--.-.----
MIM VUO IVER: oisaccscee <2 ooheke
Pisgah Forest, Davidson River and
Uni Oe or See ee he ae ee,
Rosman, Bear Wallow Creek.......-
Bowen Works Creek.......-------
Bowing Creek. jose. stesso
Bast Bork Creek... ../3s75i--nieriee <i ¢
French Broad River, East Fork...
French Broad River, Middle Fork.
Gapbies Branch!.22. 5.200 ee
WV SiKers Creel cctec ewe cen eeeece
Pada Hall Greck:..)caccoctaoaccenete
Selica, Cantrell Creek. ...........---
Shulls Mills, Boone Fork Creek. . ---
Watauga River............----.--
West Jefferson, Peak Creek....-.---
_Prather Creek. ........-..--------
0:

Akron, Cuyahoga River......-..----
Cuyahoga River, tributaries of. - --
Little Cuyahoga River......--.---

Madison, Grand River.......-.-----

Paden City, Klays Creek........---

Urbana, Cedar Creek............---

Youngstown, Mill Creek.........---

Oregon:

Clackamas, Molalla Creek ........---

Liberal, Molalla River.............--

Molina, Mill Creek............-....--

Noti, Long Tom River............--

Pennsylvania:

AMitoona, Blair Creek <<< ss0ess0csee

Ashland, Dyers Run.........-....--
Roaring: Creble sk. s2es55. chee ted

Pera ons hoe SO TIS. Soe
Tuna Creek, East Branch.......-.-
Tuna Creek, West Branch......-.
Willow Creek

TV GURUS oes sant eer den ee
ave Run, West Branch..........-

BIR CKOGE... <i co, DA eee
Bine swamp Run. eee
Ratnpone Creek == <%to-.222s2eee8=
ARE OES BUT 9 fo hoesoiotere lores tonetaoce

SPLINE BIOOK : 2. orton
Sugarworks Run, East Branch....
Sugarworks Run, West Branch... .
RADCY Crean wwe ewes weet st
ALUM Fi \,G) en eR
Mowands Crock 25.5.0. -cccvww es
Watkins Creek. .2292 4 222 2b he
Whitehead Creek ............-----
Williams Hollow Creek.........--
Wilson Creek t% cron a

Carlisle, Yellow Breeches Creek .. .- -

Cedar Hollow Valley Creek.........
Valley Creek, South Branch.....-

Chambersburg, Caledonia Creek. . .- .
Carbaugh Rutissooace te
Furna

Sanatarium Lake... .
Solenberger Lake...............--

Solenberger Run.................-

Number.

be
on.
soo
ace

~
WHOIS Dore tw bd

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8 228888

2832228

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45

Disposition.

Pennsylvania—Continued.
Cherry Tree, Brush Run.........----
Chesterbrook, Valley Creek.......--

Valley Creek,

Clearfield, Albert Run..........----

Alder Run...

Baughman Rum: . 22.2... sees
Bear Wallow Run..............--
Big Hicki Rune 2 2 Ya. 3.) Sese ee eee
Big Lick Run, Left Branch........

Big Lick Run,
Big Lick Run,
Birch Run...

Right Branch....-.
Shaws Branch....--

BISH RGM sa Sas

Coupler Run
Crooked Run.

Downey sulle see eet sees

Gum Swamp) Run). =
Eaines Runs eee eee
Hampton Runwe eee eee
Haney: Rion so eee

Irwin Run...

IMephart RUM seers tame

Kline Run...

baying Rock Run =:ot eee ae eee
PGT CRA RR TAIN ecee Vy e Rnie a Seae

Montgomery Creek.............:--
Moose, Creeks. nt ee

Morgan Run.

Ogdenvhiinke 52 eee ee ee
Pine Hollow Run s-2o eee eee
Bing Swap Rin eee eres
Raccoon thane fees 2k ee eee
Rattlesnake Riumn2:-2<25_. 22 oe. =

Sam Reed Runes.
Sanborn Rian eee i Bes
Sandy Hunth tee eee eet eee

Selfridge Run

Singletres Runes oo. eee

Spruce Island
Stone Run...

une ee

Stone Hammer Run...........-...

Stone Quarry

1571656 eee ES eo)

Stony Battery Run...............
Stoneville: Run. o4ee ses ES
Scotus eee ee
SuULveyor Rum 2: 22.6.
‘Parks 822 2k eee ee

Walnut Hollow Run

Whitney Run

ee

Number.

w
s8
Ss

we eweveun se ©

S8ES8SSSSSSS8S38

ewe wR

a
w
S
i=)

wv ve

¥

SMeNMN eS eS ES OO ew we Ow

eefeee2

46 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Pennsylvania—Continued. Pennsylvania—Continued.

Clearfield, Wilder Swamp Run.....-. 1,000 Glen Union, Benjamin Run........ 1, 200
Wiser Huns. - -- sh eocth esse eee 1, 000 Clendening Rumen reece acest ne 1, 200
Witch Hazel Rin. .cccecrss - das 1,000 Cold: HorkyRuns-te--e-5---)- sees 600
Woods Rin . -cco see eee 2,300 Crabapple Rumeseet seen peice sp ee 600

Coudersport, Allegheny River, Head- Granberryo Rut ccs acc eee eee 600

WE LOLS selection icieeine n= acer 1, 500 Phants Hiunse. oe aeese tees eee 600
Chapel Wao es es oee abe. aera oe 500 Rocky .PorkiRimn: >: ocesssseeraee 600
IDYiehasithenlaqbhel Some eee see ne den oe 500 Shoemaker Runes pees: =- eae 1, 200
Dingman Run, East Branch....-- 500 Water Plug Rumi. o2-- 0. seer 600
Dingman Run, West Branch.....- 500 Gouldsboro, Bell Meadow Creek... ..

Kline Hollow Creek..-...--.------- 500 Lehigh River, Headwaters..-....-- 1, 200
MehManUR UN ee aemac ase ee ee 500 Harrison Valley, Bloomers Run...-.. 500
IMA] Oreeksis o's c.ccacceececs maken 1,000 Blue: Coat) Runs. o6cccceeae eso sene 500
IN GISOUMEUUIN Soot sace tate eee ae aie 500 Byam eRe os cece sce east ee eee 500
Nelson Run, East Branch...-.-.-..- 500 Clark Runs s.see ne ae eee eee 500
Reed RAM Pee aco sce eee selete 500 Clinton Rime s-he.6s =e se eee 500
Reed Run, North Branch...-...-... 500 Devens, Creek. 22-50 ne aoe 500
Ruse Hollow Creek ....-..-.------ 500 iDewightiCreek=--2--een. eee ee 500
Stone Crusher Hollow Creek. .....- 500 Glace Creek =. «cee ccna se mcgeee 500
SwansonRiny oo. cee2-.2e-scocce 500 500
PRrOUbR UD ee. ae oe wisn enc ceee 500 500

Drums, Lehigh River..........-..-.- 800 500

Dudley, Maller Run: .--.-----=--o=5 1,500 500

East Mahoney, Lakewood Lake. .-- - 1,500 500

Easton, Bushkill Creek...........-- 1,000 500

Ebensburg, Big Run.........-...-.- 600 Lent Hollow Run............-...- 500
CedarsRiin! Hae eee = ta oe ws eee 600 Manndels)Run. 3-522 cee eee nee 500
@hesti\Creekn 22 -cecescecnse2ce « 600 Moores Runes. 222 2see see see noes 500
lear Creelon ~ satan. --ccn scat eee 600 IPGle MitkyRUns.-----=raee eee eee 500
Wavis\ Creeks see saseen ssc p coe aee 600 Bost Creek. 20.206 c52505aee> tose 500
JAMS IRN oefericcl- sas aisie LE worse 600 Rock Rumen Gs. c-ecck cp aceeeeeees 500
PONESHRUN ae cp echo eser eae 600 School House Run: ---2--ces- see 500
Marel Pack mame se cece peepee 600 Timmer Creek. scne~ aces ae ee 500
McCBrideiRiltisso=- =< 2 2eec 5 Se cacms 1,200 Veley Rune: Sonne. 2-5 eee ee 500
ME OORGS URNS otc ntcim =e sreiopts eh ineiniete 600 Writes Run... . 2. o2--s2sase--eee 500
Morris Jones Creek ...........-..-- 600 Whitney Creek... \--.-<-i-=-+5 Ace 500
IWoloiRun RS. casem oo casero ae oeeee 600 Henderson, Gulph Creek.........--- 1, 200
FROSTING IRIN 2 os aioe acierarte aise =m 600 Howard, Laurel Run........--..-..- 1,000
Sheltie cRiins 2 eb eee ceecasee eee 600 eas "Run. .!.s.6s: sence ee eee 1, 000
Sell VSekuine -e-vepteciachuve wean aes 600 Howellville, Valley Creek ......-.--- 1, 200
SMM sess cee sen cer ees tee 600 Valley Creek, South Branch....... 1, 200
MSPEUCOI Cree efor a anenia al= ele eiaere 600 Hughesville, Beaver Run.....-.-.--- 3,000

CF (cho oh Ra a eer 600 Big Creeks. s-5<- seeps Seow ae 3,000
Waters Run 252 (Cots ton ee sae 600 Little Muncy Creek ..........----- 3,000

Fairchance, Glendale Creek.......-. 1,000 Hulls, Sinnamahoning Creek, East
Hayden own Creok......--.-.-2- 1,000 Work. 2: =. ig sieiots <\oeic =his pine ae 1,500
PATO FEU MS sje i= ate woe nice ieee ate 1,000 Susquehanna River, East Fork.... 2,000

Fallentimber, Beaverdam Creek..... 1,800 Hyner, Hyner Run........-.--- 2,000

Franklin, Lyons Run 600 Right Fork Creek.........- 1, 800
Patchel Run........ _ 1,000 ||. Indiana, Fyock Run 1, 200
ReedRN.. case. ceseech = 1,000 Gilhourers| Rumi... .. 40 qed. see eee 1, 200
SCOUDIRTIN Sees wseee tos cee Soeesa 1,000 Jersey Shore, Rauch Run..........-. 2,400
aLWO Mile RUNG oe ciee ac.0' om tse eine 1,200 Johnstown, Alwine Run......-....-- 1,000
Wyllliamarisinetese ete eae ce 1,000 || Kane, Buck Run............-.----- 1,000

Garden, Trout Creek.........-....:- 800 Fife Run...... $5 fa cceheeeen Meee 1,000
Walley: Creeke-f> 5 a-che2 se cemetince 1, 200 Kinzua Creek, South Branch....-. 1,000
Valley Creek, South Branch....... 1, 200 anigan Rin). « ciccs «seer secean sabe 1,000

Gillintown, Benner Run..........-- 1,000 Mal) Creek. 2c a'sivigetotewie cess 5 Ee 1, 200
Black Moshannon Creek........-. 2,000 Watermill Creek; cc.cesce ese - <2 1, 200
Gorton Rie. e ociacisc ccc scanseeee 1,000 Kato, Beech Creok:jncc-cenn--2---=- 6,000
Hicks Rimisstcccsseccs ce ceeso-caee 1,000 Panther Runs o.cccesesecsees ses soe 1,000
IMoientigy Riltsescccnccss nesre'ser 1,000 Randy Rinne esoecer eet cnc... See 3,000
INEV ONS EVirneeemnac( cts ce soe heiee 1,000 Wolfe: Creoken. ccce sees ac «oesactel 1,000
Norton URT As so oser hone se acca: 1,000 King of Prussia, Gulph Creek. ...... 800
IPINIG HEV UT: 2 «islets clone eis seek ae 1,000 Mir out (Creekeen cee eatat a= atte sae 800

Glen Iron, Bartley Run............- 500 Lakewood, Potato Creek, Head-

PAO ARUN te ec ceca tccies opis th aan ee 500 WALEIS Aah see eenesesscnse hs os 3 eee 1,500
branch Mini 2. .cesse an. peom alae 1,000 ees, Valley Creakinics icis<j:0% cj aca 1, 200
WBitAlO Creeks. as os neice eee acie cates 1,000 Valley Creek, South Branch....... 1, 200
Furnace Gap Run...........-.---- 500 emont, Bear Meadow Gap Run.... 500
WOAUITGLR GIN. occa ec daice acme clea ced 1,000 Cedar Creek. fiscc3.cn2ninded dee 1,000
Penns Creek. £5 siicjs.< veces elas 1,000 Centre Furnace Creek...........-- 500
PHeasloy: Rit. sos ese seeeetes saat 1,000 DUADTOL Us ac eens - no noo eee 1,000
DSPLUCOMRUN, «cas cco OP cunt 500 Mountain Creek. . oi ss0cs.cacntee cd 1,000
SPIUZer RUM vena. tasetoeee tea. cece 500 Roaring RUN... <5 2..55-ceeeneemeeee 1,000
SLOMVPRscaeecer oo. cece ee aes cate 500 Ross Farm Pond 500

Glen Union, Baker Run....... ha 2,400 Shingletown Gap Creek .......... 500»

Bear Pan! RUR... 2... 0..c0es 600 Sinking Creek... .....-0-=-anehu-¥e 1,000

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

47

Number.

Disposition. Number. Disposition.
Pennsylvania—Continued. Pennsylvania—Continued.

Lemont, Slab Cabin Creek 1,000 Pen Argyl, Cherry Hollow Creek..-.
Spring Creek...........---- 1,000 Delapolei Creek. =~ 2" tenn eeeee eee
Spruce Creek......-...----- 1,000 Ross Valley Creek.....------------
SHG @)| CiGG) 52 soeeeoeeeresaeeee ; 1,000 Alples Creel ete ees eee eee Reet

Lewisburg, Beaver Run.......-...-- 1,500 Philipsburg, Alder Run.......-----,

Lewistown Junction, Alfarata Brook 600 Ardel Run......-.------+-+--+-+--
Fishers Meadow Brook.......-. ae 600 Bailey Run.....-.-.-+--------+---

McElhattan, Chatham Run.....-..- 2, 400 Barger Run........---------------
CS GTS EE ES a 2, 400 Barker Run......--------------+--

Mahaffey, Bear Run.............-.- 600 Bark Shed Run....-..------------
(Cina RDU a es ae ee ea se 1,200 Beaver Rum........---------------
RPE es 4 600 Benner Run....-...--------------
TEI 2GI CCAS ea 600 Bigelow Run....--..--.----+------
Mprelekans se). Vanes ese Oee ewe 1,200 Bi Spring Run.........-..-------
Mc@racken) Rimesss i222. 5h2 52 222k 600 Bilger Run....--..--..------------
RIN GPIR TT beak Ol ad 600 Blacks Bean hua n= seer ease neeasers
PIER ES elles lc cc ee 600 Black Moshannon Creek......-..--
Rogue Harbor Run...........---- 600 Butler Run........-..------------
aw MIND RUN. - = <2 cso oa. sess 1,200 California Run......--------------
Shoo 12 ee Se i 1, 200 Carlin Run.....---------------++--
WMauiskoy RUN-.o-.ccs es. tn sa nceen- 1, 200 Clover Run......--.--------------

Malins, Valley Creek ...........-.--- 1, 200 eta ee age Aaa ate Ramee eS

Maple, Tout Creek. ..--..-----2-2.-2 800 Gaire Sue clk epee alata

Mauch Chunk, Bear Creek..-..--..-- 1,000 Dayton uae esate eee seen awe
BP ADOS EVEN beet seis sels ie seaiainc ais 500 Deep Rock Rune-22 222254 2222 hee
Mauch Chunk Creek..........-..-. 1,000 CHO Une Recetas A eee
WS GU DE9 0h 0 eT a a io 1,500 nigh! Rime e cee eee

Meadville, Gilbert’s pond.-........-- 600 Flat Rock Run

_ Mercersburg, Blue Spring Run 500 Forge Run.....
Gharehen Runs... --5-.2 - re 500 Four Mile Run
UPC K OV IU tne ss Seas seca ccaste 1,000 Forshey Run..

Milford, Dingmans Creek..........-.- 78, 000 (Hess IR meses. ae Ss See os eee
Myarisid MCreeK -si.5 s2cda20e esse +8, 000 TEMIEL OTR Tete acest eRe ee eee
Raymondskill Creek .........----- 710, 000 IMIZZATOUR Nees cee ees ee
PaweMMCTOOK a4 oi 2252055 eehes fee +5, 000 Aurel Run seein ont ss 22k ee eek ee
Vandermark Creek..............-- 75, 000 Mittle: Beaver Runies-.:25t2222iice

IMEnbaW BulluRun. 22222552 2.222.2 300 ittle TomtRun 23222422 22.422 59
MAG aRENEE: 235s a0ssheies dete. 300 MOOR MNS eet eas ss Snes ese
PedariSpring Run. -=.-<2<22226 2 300 MeCordiRins: pene ne seeks aee ie a
REHGR TY MUN 2 ia ao a's dua s'ss 25 52 300 MillensRiiate aterm eases see aene ae
Roamaciner Rin. eet teks. +2, 000 Moravian Run.........-..--------
Mooper Huns 2.2. 2.82s2.28) 1.3.28 72, 000 MoreantRin: 222252202 eo5 ee ees
UD ESCs yh SEIS ey oe ae oat +20 ae INasonRumiss:: atsseeee ec semes nee

ishi , NON odin aes sees Seen ees
Fishing (CAG Soace te ace case -peeee 600 @ne MileiRine<<2 =n ee ee
Hox Holowskine-eoe. sos seek 300 IPStor RNs eee ose ey
GB ital Conia 2% bo eee ee ee ee ee 300 Pine unset 226. ceteeeee ii eh ss So
Little Fishing Creek............... 600 Hock Uhwe ts fae oss so eee ae
Mong Run. 3.teese se see ees a $2,000 Seneca hunk .esen eeeeeae sas asses
WCas RUNG Sco, ssee = ae eee te 2,000 Sevenispring (mits s-a5. sss eens
Meh thatten Run 5925 eeesieteeee 3, 000 Shields Run..... ceed et has
MaGpemirtunis 228 sascissessdeeeeee 2, 000 SpeiMnlo mune seeess tee eee
MEIC RUIME Ss 2.44 22 aan aceite 300 Slate ume Abate eee esteer see
LIGA BOR ner encere cerrnc 42,000 Sleepy Hollow Run.........---..--
mand Spring Run... = 2250.52.20. +2, 000 MAYES 6 =-ee ees teeee te eeee
SPEER. 3. 5-j.52/-242- iF 000 Splash Run=s-tseees 222-22 seen cee
Spruce Run. ........... 2,000 SPLUce Ryne teeeteeesen eee eee
ill Lane, Valley Creek... 1, 200 Sterling Runtes 225 esos

Minersville, Big Creek 600 Tomahawk Wuhis foe, hs. eee
lntks@reile: .. cous saasatee- soot 600 Tom Lit Rimieesetee + one scene
Weep Creek: 5.2. s52..225: Be a 600 Trowubih ere caee cons eeee ee
BG IATs EN sos fo5 3 css a sae dhe sass 600 TurtleSpringeRuns. sec csc seceene
IWESTHOREO Kien yn.o ao ded anaet oetee soe 600 TwigiRaneenasee sense eee vaccce

New Bloomfield, Juniata River, trib- Vail Runises 2ateccets sc s5isatenee
EAD VAOte eee ssn am aon ssasadacsee 2,000 Walken Riumins gs 5<cac0c2525 oe cates

New Centerville, Tout Creek.......- 800 WihiteiStoneyRamne at esse eee
Walley Creeks) sce) 1, 200 Wrinbirne auti-ecs. 5.222208 enone

Newport, Big Spring Creek.......... 1, 200 Will Rinsiee sala s 1st

Osceola Mills, Bear Run........-.-.-- 2,000 Pittsfield, Andrews Run..........--
Big Trout 25 =) > a 2 2,000 BabtonuR nerd. 2225255252080 feces
Coal Runt. --- Picaascah 295322620 2,000 Plane Brook, Valley Creek........-.
MOATharti RUN sess assesses ssaorst 1,000 Port Allegany, Comes Creek.........
Minnow Run: .<isesoassadeetes shes 1,000 RAIL nao sa ses sos tae nn ease
Mountain Branch................. 2,000 Hamilton Rumi. ss. sc.csscceess ses
Lwin Root RU. . saccamocsecee eee 2,000 ROCKRUNE tc20c5c5.cecnnceseeaeaes

Orwigsburg, Shoener Run........... 2,000 Skinner Creek, South Branch.....

Paddy Mountain, Penns Creek...... 6, 000 Skinner Creek, West Branch......

Paoli Road, Valley Creek..........-. 1, 200 Port Matilda, Bear Run............-.
Valley Creek, South Branch....... 1, 200 Beaver RUDsccccceccssscce pacaeeee

Sees secasseecssecsessesceessesceseees2eseeeeeeseeeeeeeeseeeeeee se esse sseeseee

48 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. ‘ Number, \
Pennsylvania—Continued. Pennsylvania—Continued.

Port Matilda, Brown Run.....:.... 1,000 Somerset, Lohr Run.............-.-- 400
Coon Hollow Run... .ccc-css ngage 1,000 North Fork Run.........--------- 400
Mlat Rock Creeks. tas sh epwecte as 2,000 Bbafer Rum. jsccscccoseocs> 255 ee 400
ERs ik: RUM es cee eee ee inte 1,000 jWeimer Run... 2 sceet se acess =e 400
McAllister Run< 252.222 sacceeeos.- 1,000 Stillwater, Fishing Creek............ 2,000
Meadow Creek.............-..---. 1,000 Stroudsburg, Little Bushkill Creek... 1, 200
Milligan Hollow Run........--...- 1,000 Summerville, Piney Creek, branch of 600
Pine RMN eo eanactevacorten cma coats 1,000 Tamaqua, Clear Spring Run........ 1,000
Ise eto bad abba Ses Ase ape BES See Set 1,000 Restler ‘Rum. .oc2s sss cecsceesce se 1, 000
Sand Spring Run. oss--seqee-e 1,000 Tobyhanna, Tobyhanna Creek...... 1, 200
Renee eu mae Trout Run, Bear Run.............. +2, 000

ix Mile Run 2, 00) ’ +2, 000
Bpring Ran 1,000 Blacks Creek. .......+.+-+-++++-+-- { 2, 000
pruce Run... 1,000 +2, 000
St ony Creek... 1, 000 Block House Creek... 2: 2:-2<-=82 { 2 000
umbling Run a5 2, 000

Preston Park, Potato Creek... 1,000 Bunnell Rum......-...20.--+<e0205 1 alee 000
alston ol Run... .. 2 F 72,
Bear Run... oe 2,000 Saag | aR aap ee { 2,000

ear Trap Run. Oy, 72,
Bottle Run. 2’ 000 Flooks Run........--..---++-++++- { 3,000
Peek ae s ain Hour MileRun?. 2.522 fS2eee seca 2, ve

) UT. . 2, 00 . - 72,
Pk Lick ree i 2’ 000 Little Pine: Creek~..- 3 22.-2te= 34 { 2 000

FOZOMURMUIN s aetnsiacisianis<amicccers aime 2,000 A
py aun ts, Se aR RUDY Se. 2, ay Otter Rum...........2.-2--2.---- { Pe oe

PUMAN ARID cere se aera a aie wien se 2,0 ,
Hams Wis ee 2’ 000 Pack Horse Creek...........-....- { O00
Tong oe Fe sh SUR Ape es rae fs 2,000 Rock Runs. ..6. 02. sade. eae 42, on

WCMNUINONTCCK 2 coc ewccceeso seca 2,000 . 2,
Mill Creck...=.-.000.00 0000000000 2’ 000 Smith Run...........+-..--+----- { 2 000

SAILS Rass hee ante RS cme nen ache 2,000 2,
peers Hae Semana nissieeaiaisle vamos ee 2,000 Texas Creek... -....-.+---++-++++ 2 -

AMUNOT INIA ewoceee = Sone ge ttee 2,000 , 000
nlessantiCreek: 22s. sc=s cc os sc omen 2,000 Wolf Run.....-.-.--2-+--+-+--++-- 2, 000
BotashiRinscssrhecccneee sen satan 2,000 Troy; Brace’ Creek ...). 5... .5- 02 eee 4, 000
DROONEMUIEE «sec sinc sects onl eeeek ocr 2,000 Leonard, Creek. 2 iacc-'eceeie 2 Jee 3,000
PROC KR UM etree weet cinct, 2 aoe eee 2,000 Ulysses, Newton Creek..........-.-- 500
Balt MMe e alcaisinws cscs seis eoiaets 2,000 Uniontown, Glade Run............. 1, 000
DBHOnMRUM sco se eae secce ona CARE 2,000 MUU RUN 22 sei siaes aainie'n «ae Hee 1, 000
Mialthelm Rims ee ecnce oe cncedee an 2,000 Quehbee Rv. sete ecie cee aae ce en ese 1, 000
OLR RIG eee sence eee ace econ 2,000 Valley Store, Valley Creek.......... 1, 200
elowmor Wiliie.- 0 cececcee oaee 2,000 West Chester, Mattock Run......... 1, 000

Renova, Baldwins Branch.......... 600 Whiteland, Ashbridges Creek....... 1, 000
SUN es OS A i a 600 Whiteland Creek...........2..20++ 500
Dark Hollow Creek. ..........-..- 1, 200 Wilkes-Barre, Bowman Creek....... 2, 500
Grecneuick Creek ..5-4s.cccacancue 1, 200 Williamsport, Big Bear Creek....... 4, 000
FOUVRBYANC Ne ctsstsc cise magee ces 600 CaxrtersRUn 552 s.55-acastsa< cee 3, 000
Menosdsranchs: ts sc0. os coec nse cena 600 Days Runes snessececssSaeel eee 4, 000
iGlahitese esas ec ccemoe cence ree 1, 200 Hoagland Run, North Branch. ... 3, 000
Lick Run, Left Fork.............. 600 Laurel Valley Run..............-. 3, 000
Little Green Lick Creek........... 600 Blonkett Creek. co. jacea~ 5. eeeeeee 4, 000
Moribily: Creekes. oo. se eee scees 600 Shingle Branch. < soos... ss.,ceeeee 3, 000
MoCraney Un ccs.e acest cwenecees 600 Spooner Run.....-..sedeconeseaeee 3, 000
Oleand Cresk ts eo. Saale hae ate 600 WOLD os vie oan ee neal 4, 000
Pump Station Creek............2. 600 Windber, Beaver Run............-. 600
Seven Mile Runes soso. icc ce on 600 Beaverdam Creek.........-.-----= 600
ShinglewWrancvhs: =) 2c .ccce- sccm 1, 200 ‘Berkebile) Rimi. so cectsuaseaseeeee 600
Young Womans Creek, Left Fork. 1, 200 Berkey Mun. pa a oa5 5 seen eee eels 600
Young Womans Creek, Right Biscuit Spring Run... .c:cc-cse- 600

MOUSE Se kee ecole sakose amet 1, 200 Bowser Spring Run............... 600
Young Womans Creek, Summer- Clear Shade Creek.............--04 600

BOD OLICs: arate ee ne a oes ee 600 COrrl om si brel Mord ye a ee eee 1, 200

Richland, Krumstown Creek........ 500 Dark Shade Creek..2....-.5-<--.-2 6
NAGS OS sce nee eee ot cas 500 Gloss. Run sipise yoneed theese? asic 600
CURIE (G5 na) tenes ates Al Fe ela vale a a 500 Woaprel Rune fits tee. beeen 600

Roaring Springs, Beaver Creek... ... 1, 800 Dayton RU) seme Lames a2 oe _ 600
Three Spring Run... <2 25. ..253- 2,400 Little Dark Shade Creek.......... 600

Smithfield, Piney Creek...........-. 1, 000 Miller Ritins= J sos.6 wae, Seelib ae 600

Somerset, Ankney Run............. 400 Moores RU en oe sao. cess. aaeehed 600
Bare ROCK RNs.) os. seust cae 400 Oldham -Bumnis. 2.0. - «ai, saaneeene 600
Beam), Rans.. 225 ccs skeee eee 400 OTROR URI eile yea 5 aa PP aL 600
IBTOPR RUN so ce sees eae esaws 400 LTE NALS hes ee eens eed? 600
Clear Run 3 Be Arai oe: res alee Re 400 Roaring Fork Creek............... 1, 800
GIPAr RIN GB) =. cocccceeee ee. demak 400 Bandy ROG oe os. = cccanencaatiemenet 600
PMSSLErMRUM 3. coo. eas eeaeee seis 600 Shade’ reps. 5... .. 5... .anateaebis 1,800
Jones Mill Ram = 3, fee eet eee 400 Shingle Ron... 2 cue seweeecee 600
KoosenRun.c. .chcepadh poder oes 400 Wentz RUD. $.....ts\ct dadgiecs nated 600
Laurel Hill Creek: . 2... sepiesoneds. 600

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition.

Rhode Island: Georgiaville, Harris’s

Walhalla, Bare Branch............-.
Colies Creek...........-
Hamet Creek... .
Mills Creek... .....
Whitewater River...........-...-

South Dakota:

Spearfish Creek, Upper......-...-.-
Wildi@at Creeks... 62.05 Shake.
Englewood, Bear Butte Creek.......
Worsim Creek: -.:...2 e482) epee
Box Elder Creek.......... Ue alate
MorraliCreeknowicns ak a
East Fork, Spearfish Creek, Kill
Daw Branch
MiksCreekis. 2c s2-ck
Elk Creek, branch of... .
Elk Creek, Halls Branch..........
Elk Creek, Hogan Branch.......-.
Elk Creek, West Branch.......-...
BISTONUMPO le hic ceec coe ORE

EER ys CTOCI: = ce niadeeesesies oases.
MMNCTOR Kscte ce cck senceeate Lee
RC OTIP HI CTOO Ke ice mi erin tie deere
Wattle Hl Creek = 2.6.2 << .cive 2h 6

South Box Elder Creek. ..........
BBrIne Creelcn (Oo ccnces cee outs
(STOINELC | Oy ets) Soe pee mee eee eo
VAL OMCOTCO NK: ccm e lence ecck tide aoe
Upper Bear Butte Creek..........
Fairburn, Squaw Creek.......-...--
Hermosa, Battle Creek..........--.-
SOUAWIOTEOkK. eco cce cs eHe AL
Hill City, Barthold Pond
Dell Creek. ...-.
Horse Creek....
Spring Creel oo.ai-ceo OES
Spring Creek, Newtons Fork.....-.
Upper Spring Creek....-.2.-..-.-.
Hot Springs, Fall River............-
Upper Beaver Creek. ...........--
Wind Cave Creek.........-..-..-.
Tron Creek, Iron Creek..........-..-
Martin, Bear-runs-in-the-lodge Creek.
Little White River...-..........:.
Nahant, Little Rapid Creek, West
PENT SRII apc tp harataia'atelata'wiotclngetee sien
PURI CLOG Kee nant sn a ae ae mee ater
BHM LCO Ks. oatae aerate eterna nes
Spring Creek....-.-------..--=.---
Pikomwereok. 1 sf eso t 22. = eS
Piedmont, Little Elk Creek......-..-.
Pine Ridge, Wolf Creek.--.-.--.--...
Wounded Knee Creek........-.---

Pring
Rapid

CANVOH UakGweeces ces cnae anes
Castle Creeks sia o a =e. -
City Spring Pondeoe ese =. oe
Cleghorn Spring Lake.......-...--
Cottonwood Lake.................

Number. Disposition.

South Dakota—Continued.
+2, 000 Rapid City, Dark Spring Lake......
Meer Creeks ?2o5 223525 eee
1,000 Fair Ground Lake......--...--..--
1, 500 Halley dhakess> 4.545550 ss seeeeeers
1, 000 Indian School Lake ~......-....---
1,000 Jim Orepkss: 2545.52 55" Soares
2, 500 Keenan Pond. a
Time Creeks sc 2c22 cece seers
1,500 ime) Balm Creek. 2-2-2282 sem
4,000 Little Rapid Creek.....-........--
750 ockhartye onde see eee eee
2, 000 Mong ROondee ns tascs sccm cea
2, 000 Wilby ol shy pl e{o\a\6 eaaenaaceooeee pace oH
4,000 NuggetiCreek = 2222.2: hos 2tee ssa
2, 000 ROWOL AKO: c2he can ccseess cots
750 Prairie Creek sssetccnsestocasenee
750 IROUnGRRONGE= acs. tennessee ene
3, 000 Schamber, Ponds nec sees sce ae
750 Scott Ponde see see nee owe
Sickler-Ronds s=4225 2) -sctsc-se oes
1,500 SlateiCreek--ss25023--s-s20-s-ee ce
3,750 SpaydersPond mee. .s--ssses- secre ae
1, 500 Spring Creeks soe sasee eee nese
1,500 Supenorsunbereestases come eee ae
750 Tittle Spring Lake-.......-...--...-
750 TionnellCreekeie: 3: oo. -s-ceewereat
2, 250 ppVietoria Crecken (jen ys one
10, 000 Rochford, Gimlet Creek ae
6, 000 Little Rapid Creek. --..-i<<\--.--2
2, 250 RapidiCreekeeseracec=% ace ens tase
5, 000 SiliveriCreekissestetss222e- tee ee
750 Savoy, Beaver Creek...-...---------
3, 000 Little Spearfish Creek...-...-....-
1,000 bor CabiniCreek==—22\ssc-ecete ee
10, 750 South Dakota Fish Pond....-..-.--
2, 250 Spearfish Creek... .<--=--=---- 5-1
750 Spearfish, Beaver Creek..-...-...-.-
2, 250 BilliCookBraneh sess 9. esses
4, 750 BridaliVeil Riverssoc0-20-520-eeee
1, 750 Camp No.2) Wakes. <<. --- 25 sosa—=
6, 000 Chicken Creek... ..5-<-5-<--2ia%s0-
1, 500 City Creek .2 ate ete
PoxcsiWakes 255520 ete eee eee an
@rarojpbrancheeeee ence ens sssee sae
@row Creeks s22 testator ceca

9 OT wor
wNoouansocr
SEssaass

WO WOO Re bt
SoS SN

i

.

SSSERESS SSESSES

Sess

eee Se

Lett So ll ll el

Crow Creek, Authier Branch...--.
Dedrich Spring Branch.....-. ee
Ernest Spring dere
Farmer Jones Creek....-..-..:.-.-
Hemlock Spring Branch...-.-.-..--
Honwood Branch soe ..aece-eeeeres
Higgins Creek..--..--.--- Lin ain DEES
Hilton Gulch Creek.-......-...--.-
Lake Branch. 3.220424. e eee
a Plant Branehe. ceesrsiss- css seee
Lindley Spring Branch.......--..
Little Ranch Creek.....-.---..----
Lower Redwater River....--------
MeCofiin' Creeks can <= \snas5-2ee eee
McGregors Branch.........--.-----
McVey Spring Branch..-....-- Sats:
VETOES rane ae are fois os 2 er car
Mardens Spring Branch....-....-.-
Mountain Meadow Creek...--.-.-.-.-.-
Oak Spring Branch). 22e == a5
Owensi@reckee eres c cee - -caan ce
Park Spring Branch......-...--.-.-
Pettigrew Branch......-...-----.-
Power Dam Lake...-.-....-- ae
Rapid Spring Branch
River View Branch.......-... i
Schmidt Branch! 222-2 ee
Smith Spring Branch
Spearfish Creek.......-..........-
SpPMUeROLOOks -\...c2 cee nh ease
Spring Creek. .....--. 5)... maces ee

49

Number.

3,000

i

_

Cr be OF DO CO Go CO Co GO DO G0 C9 C9 57 00 O71 GO DD 9 SO O71 CO OD O11 Se OT 00 S DH CO

SSS SS ST

—

i i

Al
Oo bo OO

oy

SSSSSSSSSSESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSESSSESESES

_

50 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.
BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
South Dakota—Continued. Vermont—Continued.

Spearfish, Spring Draw Creek....... 10, 000 Bolton, Beaver Meadow Brook...... 45,000
Stucco Mill Branch.--..-..-.-.- J. 4,000 Haney Hollow Brook............- 5, 000
Toomey Brandis. 2s2.co-seeee seen 6, 000 Jones: Brook: +<5.2cec~ aes emecoweee es
mroomey Wakes: cess caterers 8, 000 TunksBrooks asses aeaeetee eee 73, 000
Town Creek Branch...........---- 2, 000 Bradford, Maplewood Brook.......- 713,000
Weare branch owe eee 5, 000 Braintree, Thresher Brook.......... +3, 000
Wildcat Creek..... 8 SCS SERRA SOR 5,000 Brattleboro, Ames Hill Brook....... 1,000

Sturgis, Bear Butte Creek.........-- 7,500 Barber BOOK sees eeree rae eeer 1,000
Weadman Creakes oe eee 2,500 Bartlett Brook. _-..---.-....--.223 71,000

Tilford, Morse Creek........-..----- 1,500 Bingham Brook.--.....-..---..... 1,000

Valentine, Rosebud Creek.......-..- 1, 500 Blanchard Brook...........----.- 72,000
Schweigman Creek..........- See 1,000 Bonnyvale Brook..........----..- 1,000

Tennessee: Broad Brook--ts-- ee teases oe eeeee 1,000

Bristol pip Creekss se oss se eeeee 1,000 IBrO WLU BOOK enon eae eees eee 1,000

Elkmont, Jakes Creek. 4,000 Bruce Brook.......--..----------. 1,000
Dittle Rivers: 12. 006s SNS SaaS 2,000 Bullock Brook.......------------- 72, 000

Erwin, Coffee Ridge Creek.......... 2,000 Burdict Brooks2en-- s2e-2=-es-ser +2, 000
arg IBranchisoees a oe eee 750 Carl] Sargent Brook..........----.. 71, 000

Garbers, Cherokee Creek........-.-- 500 Chamberlain Brook.........--...- 1,000
Ranisoyi Greeks: (212-2 {o0cc pratense 500 Church Hollow Brook.......-..... 1,000

Unicoi, Clear Fork Creek..........-- 250 |} Cold Brooks). 2252. <== sbaae= aa Toop

Wonderland Park, Laurel Creek. ... 2,000 Crosier Brook........----.-- --- 1,000

Vermont: Dean Brook eeeencsesee== al 000

Arlington, Battenkill Biver......... 51 Deer Park Brook --- 1,000

Beaver Brook]... ceice scoot +5, 000 Dry Brook.........-.------------- 2,000

: +5, 000 Edson Akley Brook.......-....-.. 1,000
Benedict Brook................-+. { Let Ellenwood Brook............-.-.- 42} 000
Butternut Gutter Brook.......... +2, 000 lage aeogke mets) pant“ ga Ty bpp
Cole Brookes 2.20 isee0: Bea es { ee Glidden Brooks... 520.) /2aeee ee 1,000
Deming IBTOOK> oe en nee 52 Goodenough IBTOO Keene ere ee 71, 500
MayvallewBrookn)) sen oe ones) ee 51 Green River... ---.--------------- 1,000
RecdiBrooks ei weer ane +2, 000 Halladay Brook.......-.-.------.. 1,000
Roaring sranch. sees ss) see eee eee 51 Herrick Brook. ..-.------astm=hace 71, 000
, 5, 000 Higley Branch... ~~... 1...) eee 1,000
Roaring Branch, South Fork... ... { 15; 51 efnesbure Brook nano cee: eee 1,000
oughton Brook... .25 22am eeee t2,000

ee ees ase Pie TEE 51 Houghton Meadow Brook......... 1,000

MAiken) Brookes cere geen +5, 000
East Peacham Brook............. #10, 000 TEU aac Sea meat bear 17000
Harvey, Brooks. <s22023 98 Sek Ee { » 000 ; pe Toce ake ce eee ee +2) 000
Roy Brook fas AN lle tee a Me real Ome V (0) €NKS brook ...-..---------------- 72,000
Sucker 1B C0(0) eRe LI Aelia +8, as Johnson IBTOOK =: = eee asa eee 1, 000
% ? Kine Charter Brooke 2.6. =.) soe 1,000

Barre, Daune Wood Brook.......... 71, 000 Lynde Brook 2000
La Fayette Brook................. 3, 000 Murlbe ae mGh. 2; 005. .f ae aaa brie
Marvin Brookgees ono. Scot eee B 000 Mend. be oe eet hea v
pwae Bridie cee 43,000 MES TE Lt oe heel

Bennington, Barber Pond........... 300 iRecdberook--es ee piel
Bickford Hollow Brook........... 300 i ok.... d

Roaring Brook...... okt 1,000
Big Hell Hollow Brook ............ { 75, 000 Rock River....:ait seiceece ines 1,000
200 Rock River Branch........---.-.- 1,000
iBrowniBraok --5--2-au.e oe { 75, 000 Rock River, North Branch........ 1,000
; 200 Rudd Brook:...-.:=+- 2822 aeeseee +4, 000
Bushnell Brook ................... { 120 Sam Sargent, Ange RE re 71, 000
ate Rock Pond <. .. Seeeen-eeeees 000
Chapel Brook: ito: 0 ne cn san ot 200 Smith Bropk sic. Lists cee eeu eee +2000
Chase Brooks ................ 7,000 South Newfane Brook............. 1,000
wins) 200 Thayer Brook: A.-0sctacweieornees = +2, 000
DeweysBrooki +4000... ee ia Tinker Brook sas ace ahene sere eee +2, 000
IDunville brook. ..- ==. eee 300 wenn Waren BROOK spre rede: Fy reed
Mivens Broek y. oie. dsc Sc se sae +2, 000 Ward Biggie secs cue c” cee can +2; 500
reoee THEO oo oem d cin Pe 300 West Dummerston Brook..-...... 1,000
Pep geen Regie oe eee 800 Williams Brook. «.....2+-2++++.+-. +1, 000
Little Hell Hollow Brook......... ap ba i SRS. bite
Perry Thompson Brook........... 5, 000 Bristol, Baldwin Brook............. hel
Rider Brook................ +4, 000 ib}ibaiss) les wove) <5 ~ SIRS aeons) 1,000
F werad | 200 Hewitt Brookes: .n2o) o<. ttm senige 1, 000
Rockwood Brook................. oe Dee ee > Fea vb fo
shane BOG 2. tee ee ats 300 || Cambridge, Ellsworth Brook..--. 3. 000
lowes Beige pe oA eee sg LA aa eivin sw mtn plone 3,000
Walloomsac River................ 300 Macumiber Brook ean ooS : 3? 000
Waters Brook./_.5 co sencs csaaee $3,000 Mansfield Brook............ 3, 000
Woodford Big Ponds 25:5 .4.... 2: 300 Redmond Brook........ 4; 000
Lia's cate ues ;
Woodford City Brook............. 200 Reynolds River............. aaloe ae 4,000

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

ol

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number.
Vermont—Continued.
Cambridge, Waugh Brook.........-. 43,000
Waugh Brook, East Branch....... $3,000
Canaan, Big Averill Brook.......... 500
Bis Aver Make... J.1.4 Jc. 1,000
Black Branch (First)....-......-. 250
Black Branch (Second)....-...... 500
TDG TGS DEY <a ee a 1,000
Hoan e BIOOK. so .<<2--- 5255-205 250
pachowsbranch)os.) 9.20 eke 500
Center, Larabee Brook..........-.-- +3, 000
Chester, Chester Pond............... +5, 000
Cuttingsville, Beaver Meadow Brook +3, 000
Crocker, BIOOK . .='--- oe -2 pee on 22a <1 +3, 000
Danville, Hartshorn Brook.......... +2, 000
SHICKORDTOOK. . 5. cccaccseses ese +3, 000
East Dorset, Battenkill River....... $25, 000
IMudel om Brook 222502 s +5, 000
WROD ORCOK ee coe econ cob ome +3, 000
East Hardwick, Bell Brook.-......-.. 72,500
East Ryegate Creamery Brook....- +4, 000
Moore Brook............-..------. $3,000
Bly, Bannock Brook. -...5.2-2.----2 1,500
Enosburg Falls, Cold Hollow Brook. 3,500
add rout) Brook... .. = 2. o5--5 5: $2, 500
Mineral Spring Brook............. $2, 500
SionevilleBrook>.2..---2...0.-.2.. 2, 500
Tyler Branch, Bakersfield Branch 74,000
Greensboro Bend, East Greensboro
PSTOOKAS oan. aise acon coco res +3, 000
Lamoille River, Headwaters-...... +10, 000
Stannard Brook:-...225-25252.-.2 - 4,000
Groton, Darling Pond............... { pp a0
Hardwick, Abutment Brook........ 1; 500
Bailey Erook...... 02.20... Js +2; 500
ColliersBrook-ves. 15205222 242282222 $2, 500
MoopertBrook.222i¢ 2-2. (22522) 5.2. 8 +3, 000
OurniemBrogks 6.2) cb soe cst 71,500
BRTOnEBTOOK So. 255005252 .252522. 72,500
High Trestle Brook. ....-.~....... 73, 000
Mandi brook... 22350-02582 02 72, 500
IWorrisiBrook=-25.5.5.0-5~0--%2-2-- 71, 500
AIM BTOOK- nace 525-02 25052002 73, 500
ONLereMOOKente eas cee cklcoctes +6, 000
Holden, Barnard Brook............. 5, 000
BASSClib BUOGKS case 2s sees hae ss: 73,000
Pallings Brooks2cs2226.2. 252 5ene 200
Clovervale Brook...--..5-2.....22- +6, 000
Clovervale Brook, East Branch... +4, 000
Coal Kaln Brooke sa222 e202 he: 5, 000
Coburn) Brook=22si 7. eee +5, 000
astyBrookiss: 5222563 si sehen ss 400
BNHOULPDTOOK a2 SOee te Peta eae eee +5, 000
urmace; BIOOK..a228s2 snc es ee eee , 000
Furnace Brook, North Branch. ...| ay
Furnace River, West Branch...... +10, 000
pu TOOK: 2.2... Sse22 2 sense 200
Little Brook... .. 200
Osgood Brook.......-- 200
IRIGHICIBNOOKS oteo.25 = 2 sic. 22s oe SEE 200
iandalBrook: «0.0.2 .5.<-+--ss--% $5,000
pee ES ROOK ES Soe o a.s sin ete ae Sasa 200
Valley View Farm Brook......... +6, 000
Wardwell'Brook. ........s-08-8442 200
Hyde Park, Tyndal Pond........... +7, 500
bakes AverullBrook...-. 2.022222 74,000
BipsATverilmakettectey ok fii es +4, 000
137 BV ai 3592) OSs Ae ae tae 4,000
Coaticook: Biyor=<-< 22552224522 255. 6, 000
Colo Brookes sheet 20 22 Pi aie 42, 500
Porest Brookesseee: = 26h. ce see 4,000
Little Averill Brook............... $2,000
Little Averill Lake... 3 s5 ic). .4: 73,000
MOE rOOkises 232th owes Soon +6, 000
INOTEON LakOnts= 2022 et meters 5, 500
MNiheran River.c-.cessc cee ecest $15, 000
Lyndon, Hawkins Brook............ iB 000
eldon! Brook-<* cece sks ee ose ts 3, 000

Disposition. Number.
Vermont—Continued.

Lyndonville, Dish Mill Brook. ...... +10, 000
Blowers Brook: jee +3, 000
Keach Brooke! 8\s2sc nee +2, 000
OMB TOO A222 ae +3, 000

Lunenburg, Cat Bow Pond.....-....- +4, 000

McIndoe Falls, Chamberlain Brook. { 18, Ato
Creamery Brook: . 2:5. 26. eee 200
Manchester Brook..............--- 200
Moore Brook!) 5.0522 Sern aes 400
Symmes bond =) eee eee +5, 000

Manchester, Battenkill River........ +8, 000
Cold'Spring Brook. 2.02 29s 73, 000
DathropyBrook=s >) 25.2 o es eee 73, 000

Wye Brooks: 25/55 eee ds ae a Ve 000
MorrisiBrooke2) 23 esas ae
Manchester Depot, Battenkill River,

WestcBranch)-3\" 5a ee +5, 000
Marshfield, Beaver Pond...........- T5, 000
Doctortown Brook.......-......-- 5, 000
Ezra Mears Brook...........------ 12, 500
Lamberton Brook...............-- 12, 500
Niggerhead) Brooks). 5222.12 202: +2, 500
Middlebury, Dutton Brook..___..... +5, 000
Imeles|Brookiss22354.. 62235 50 ee +3, 000
McDowell Brook............. z 3, 000
Middlebury River 2 +8, 000
RoormhannsBrook sss) 4255 5s 75, 000
PRiptonRivencess2 saves sale a 4, 000
Ripton River, North Branch...... 5, 000
Steam Mill Brook................. 73, 000
Middlesex, Long Brook............- T5, 000
IPCInCe BTOOK? 4 sage. a. .) oe 1,000
Montpelier, Lairds Pond............ 500
et hya(s sino cele Ae aie Secs | 3, 000
Morrisville, Billings Brook.........: +6, 000
Bughbee Brook s:.) 2) 42.4. toa 1, 500
Gooper Brook: 255532). 5-54 Shea 72, 000
DarlingsBrook.+2 26 35522 hss 5 le +2, 000
GroenuRiverss sn a8 cvasce fo neeee ee 4, 500
Hazen JBrookiss ss ckass0 soscsseen 2, 000
MCNalliBrook?ss2. = 5525205 | oe 4, 000
PotashyBrooksesse 54502 eee ee 2, 500
Ry dersBrook=ts. sstee ees Cee 74, 500
SmithtBrooki-4-ssss5 252-2 e eee 2, 000
Upper Terrill Brook............... 74, 000
Newfane, Grassy Brook............. 1, 000
New Haven Junction, Dike Brook - . +3, 000
Hubbard Brook: ..25 0.22 43 ee +3, 000
Newport, Buck Brook (A).......... +2, 500
Buck BLook:(B)aosscsosne eons 73, 500
Centenbrnook-<2) aii sts 2282 oe 73, 500
Day. Brook? 2.222. 5252525225 $3, 500
Hatton Brook +2, 500
Holland Pond +1, 000
Jd Brooks = tees roe awe te +4, 000
Kidder Pond. : 71, 000
Long Brook. . +7, 000
Orcutt Brook +4, 000
Papenaw Brook......2-.:/=s::2..- +2, 500
Mice Brooke: oso sackac coe ee ose +5, 000
BurtlesPondiass22ece + ets 220 soe +6, 000
Vailes Pondl ai cn2iack. cose oe ote 71, 000
Ware! Brookes) 222.222.2292 SoCal ee +4, 000
WeatsoniBrook 3: cio... akan ete +4, 000
North Troy, Jay Branch.......-.... +5, 000
Norton Mills, Nulhegan River,

IAC KAD TaNChes eye es oes eneees +12, 500
Nulhegan River, East Branch... -. +14, 500
Number Six Brook... ---..-.2.22:2 5, 000
ROanINeeBIOOKe cn sacta ces tet oee 2, 000
Swanson Brookes. 2 233 oes 4,000
Mellow Branen). -.:.. 3.2 see +6, 000

Norwich, Lake Mitchell............. pees
’

Orleans, Dewey Brook..........-.-- +3, 000

Gallipy Brook. io. .2-seeocceeseeae +6, 000

Partin LOOKS .5. eka eacnmenieceinnaers +3, 000

WYTIAD BrO0Ke cee cc ncecnenceeres 3, 000

52

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition.

Vermont—Continued.
Pittsford, Chittenden Pond.....---.
Plainfield, Bancroft Pond......--.---
Keings bury Branch... sleae aie eleinint
BIPGOn PON Geen ue oe see in oem stats 3
POLLY GOMIS LOO Kar roe = ciaieieyamelein eeialaa te
Poultney, Endless Brook....--...-.--
Hicles Brook. 22h cts, oe eee
Mewis Brooks. cities «erasers ses

Poultney River .)...--+\-<<2-\--sie-<4
Riley: Brook.c_- -4 252 -ehemasecbe

Proctorsville, Williams River.....--

Randolph, Adams Brook......--..--
PAN GOCE PNG Gee eno 6 ean sire eee
JATIMISVH BT OOK ter 2 apo. eerfae aie cineis
AV OISS TOOK Soe ae Seni ce eee
Bass UBrOOKs: | eens ate eeist eee
pear Hill Brooks: o24> serege ee ee
Beedleis'pongue aes eceanieitewie
Blanchard Brook... 20. 2 cee epee
Bowman) Brookise. oo. ostaetes ee
Chandler! Brook: 2. 2.254: = asf4e52-3
Clourhy Brooke sco. e- ee eleeiien
Cushman’ Brook2. 2-2-0. 2<fne6ee

INI GMRONGR ee ace op eeeswoe
Poverty Lane Brook
Roarine Brook) (AVE. 2 a2. sea
Roaring Brooki(B)a 22s. ee amteee
RoodseBrogks sees 2s. s ~ sac eee
SOPSM BIO Rss heen caceeretl
Spears Brooks: 2). ccc. asc 655 ques
PHA EY BLOOK!. 6 ..o<sc5/2 -1241=,-)clee
Upper Ayers Brook............-.-
Readsboro, Bailey Brook...........-
Canedy (AACE op es REL i6or
Hstey Brook <2)... osc emaseeekers
Olden Brookins. cso. sen ee Ss aes
West’ Branchis.2 .-1- -i bkaietss
Rutland, Brewer Brook. ..........-..
Britton Brookes. 2. eee cceaoeeee

Glynn: Brookes. 2-5-5 dee hos ene
im Bigketbrooks. 2.55205 eased
McDevitt Brook.............. F
Moon (Brook... ..5-<-25/25

O’Brien Brook
Paint Mine Brook
Parker Brook ees. 25<0cet oo. detds
PHU SHB TOOK ou c cictoe biccies see Bee

Shrewsbury Pond...........-.....
Spring Brooke hes secre cies « «eet
StewartiBrookic se seen sos ened
Sugar Hollow Brook...........-...
Denney TOOK 2s ec ais- snes eet
St. Albans, Miner Brook............
St. Johnsbury, Blodgett Brook....-.
Chesterfield Brook........---.....
FISStIN ES BLO Kio. «estes cone waiccwn,s
PfawicinsiBrookks: 2u5 Jaen esteie ess
Lawrence Pond (A).............--
Lawrence Pond (B)......-.-.-..--
Meadow) Brook. 25% 0. aden eee

BIRONErS RINGL: 0s isiciee eins scan ;

Spaulding Brook: «.c oc. ccecscceces

Number.

+15, 000
+3, 000
+3, 000
+3, 000
+3, 000
+5, 000

Disposition. Number.

Vermont—Continued.
St. Johnsbury, Walter Andric Brook.
Wright Brook“22-... wees 20-2 s ene

Shaftsbury, Warm Brook..........-

Non
eS

+ =<
wD a
ees

Warm Brook, tributaries of.......

South Londonderry, Farnum
Brook.2.2 cst cces onkec secs teeree
High Bridge Brooks)... 5... .e=-ne5
Mivermoreisrookss- eee ceaereeene

Mud Pond’ Brookes)... seer
Tannery Brook: J2te.-ccoee ce een

South Ryegate, Bailey Pond
Long Pond
SCOUL BrOOK er inc scan seen 71

South Wallingford, Otter Creek. .... 7l

Stowe, Gold Brook. <2. . <2. --5- 5
West Branch River..5...-----+--s0 t
Wiest EI Brook. 2. os sine ee sneer Tt

Sunderland, Battenkill River......-.
Lathrop Brook..........---2..----

Sutton, Bailey Brook..........-..---
Bundy Brook
Burnham’ Brook::.. 07-22... asseuee
Butterfield Brook 52. -- en aes
Kin
Ree
Richards Brookes. 2.5 oseeemacs eee
Sanborn BLookie. -- sees ee eee
Twombl
Willard) Brook...2.../-.<2se2e-cstoer

Taftsville, Skunk Hollow Brook....-.

Townshend, Eddy Brook..........-
Jay. Brookes coc Joos aoe chee ase eee
Mill Brook
Peaked Mountain Brook
Plumb Brooks csescas eee eee

Wallingford, Otter Creek. ..........-

Waterbury, Hill Brook..............
Liscom Guild Brook.........-..---

Se ee

CO 00 Bm OCI O1ror me Orsi Gos

Se ee

a
Bap BRYN

SSSSSSSSSS SSS SSS SSS SSS SSS SSS SSS SESS SSSSueSsSssssssssss Ssesss

eS

—
ee pe ee eo

AOSCNFNOOL SWOOINOOW FR Be bord

Swassey Brooke. snc. seca
Thatcher Brook. o. cs... a ccsee eee
Wists Brooke 322-225. aaceeenceeee
Wheeler Brook. <= ..0--0 = =icsse8be
West Burke, Bugbee Brook.........
Cheney Brooks occ. cccccsseseemeee
Glark Brogkiccks So ei S222 eee
Haden Brookes.) oS. issece- ese

ay
3

lo

nan

>

B

a

to

4

8

am

r

:

:

;

;

;

;

ape

PLOP LEAS LEA AGN AS > bt

.

Legacy Brook. sgist.. ban teeuee
Moulton} Brook. ccccfeaetcnastentoeeas

—~— —+$— —
oOo mf Nw

.

Page Brook < .c.otescrsice oenoeweeee
School House Brook..............-

Townsend Brook............----.-

West Dummerston, Baker Brook. - . 6, 000
ee Mountain Brook............
a

West Hartford, Dana Brook.........
HAGSTROM Clete) ect. < one 2 c= aeatemees
Sunny Brookiic23.2 0 ..ccocce acme

West Pawlet, Indian River.........- { Mia

Windhall, Jamaica Pond..... aeak ses 1,000
Woodstock, Beaver Meadow Brook.
English Mills Brook.............--

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 53

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Vermont—Continued. West Virginia—Continued.

Woodstock, Gulf Brook. ........-..-- 75, 000 Alexander, Lower Dry Run.......-- 180
Hedgehog Brook..-...--..-------- 71, 500 arpeus Camp Runssse see eee ates 180
WSenrOngBrGOK.~2.-sccn- = 2- = nee 78, 000 Phillips Camp Run:....-22--es-e% 180
alcOtawuAKe. 28 oo so gad. ae etek 500 Trout. ooo ee eee 180
Marra DED TOOK ence cme one ees 71, 500 Upper Dry; Run=.2. 2522 oe-eeeeeee 180
North Bridgewater Brook.......-- 74, 000 Beard, Locust Creek...........-..2-< 800
Ottaquechee River......-.--.-.-<: +7, 000 Dobbin, Stony River Lake.........-. 2,000
Wrospersbrook:. . = 6-0 - . } states i 000 Glady, Cheat River, Glady Fork.... 4,400
Richardson Brook.......---. tects 2, 000 Hendricks, Otter Creek.............- 1, 600
PmipheBrook=..- aes eee PERS 73, 000 Keyser, Cranes Nest Run........-.-- 1, 550
South Pomfret Brook.....-....--- 75, 000 Eliber Spring Run...-.-...- asin ooo 625
White Brook....-......--...------ +3, 000 JOrd anes eo. costae oe nee 800

Virginia: 2 Mall Rin eee eee eee eee 500

Arcadia, Jennings Creek...........-- 2,000 ‘Whips'Gap Rin’ =: st ets eeaeee 800
Jennings Creek, North Fork....... 2,000 Kingwood, Ashpole Run........-...- 270
103 GIG Gs er) eee See ee emeeen oo 2,000 BuiralowRimeeee see see ece cee 270
Worth! Greek ase. <2. ine 2,000 Littletons Wolf Run. ---- 22 s-es- 222s 450
Sprouts Run........-...---------- 2,000 Manown, Morgans Run......-.....- 800

Atkins; Nicks Runs: 3) 3c aeee & 3, 400 Newlon, Buckhannon River, West

Bedford, Otter River, Stony Fork... 2,000 Pork: oes ee Re Bak ee ee 3, 200

Big Island, Hunting Creek.-.......-- 8, 000 Piedmont, Thompson Run.........-. 250

Buena Vista, Enchanted Creek...... 2°000 || Raleigh, Fat Creek..........-.-...-- 800
HS ENG PO Kester clam en 2,000 Spangler, Hannah Run. os -/es 450
Pryors Cove Creek.......-.-.------ 2,000 Terra Alta, Joes Run... 900

Damascus, Park Branch 3,000 Salt Tick Creeks).< 2-02.85. BOM 800

Edinburg, Laurel Run.-.-.----- =: 1,600 Wildell, Greenbrier River, West
Little Stony Creek......--.-222:- 1, 600 PONG. soeene Seeen ces bm oae e eee 4,000

Elkton, Boones Run..........------ 2,400 Wilsonia, Silcot Run..............-: 1,200
Wea i EU ope ote ame losinine = ator 3,000 Winterburn, Greenbrier River...... 630

Hardwood, Hayes Creek.......----.- 1,000 || Wisconsin:

Harrisonburg, Dry River......--...- 2,500 Abbotsford, Eau Plain River.....-.. 1,200

Hunter, Calvin Run........--.------ 2,000 Adams» DuckiCreek-co=- 2 aeeees eee 668
Little Difficult Run............-.- 1,600 Jackson Creeki-ceven seme eee 800

Laurel Fork, Big Reed Island Schoonover Creek....-.----------- 334

FOTO G Kertereme a alinie == sieiwieinta iam 2,000 Alma, Bohris Valley Creek. .....-... 1, 200
Mud) Monks Creek. 2222. ssiccac cise A 1,000 Breams Valley Creek.....-..--..-- 1, 200
Stone Mountain Creekz......-.---- 2,000 Cooke Valley Creek......--------- 2, 500

Lexington, South Buffalo Creek... . 2,000 Friede Valley Creek.......-.------ 1,200

McGaheysville, Stony Run.........- 1,500 Johns Valley. Creek.......0..25522 1, 200

Natural Bridge, Back Run..-..-...-.-- 2,000 Little Waumandee Creek...-...... 1,200
TDL Or Ph Ee ee oa Bia ek 3,000 Norwegian Valley Creek.........-- 2,500

Olinger, Thompson Creek.........-- 1,500 Schaufs Valley Creek.........----- 1, 200

Riverside, Whites Run.............- 2,000 Trout Valley: Creeks. <a ee 2,500

Shenandoah, Pitt Spring Run....... 2,400 Waumandee Creek..........--..-- 2,500

Staunton, Crab Run.........-.-.-.-- 2, 400 Arcadia, Big Beaver Creek .....-...-- 2,000

Strasburg, Waites Run.............-. 2, 400 Bruce Creeks. sa)-c's jee -c eee 2,000

Tazewell, Clear Fork Creek.......... 2,000 Bim Creeks pecan eee ee neeec nee 2,000
Tate Creel fa sae oe =-- - 2,000 Konitsonl Creek eee ere eee 1,000
Plum Creek..........- 2,000 Little Beaver Creek.........------ 1,000
Roaring Fork Creek... -- eae 2,000 Newcomb Creéksocce eaten 2,000

Troutdale, Fox Creek..........-.-.-- 2,000 North Greeks. 2 scceeeeenes eee 2,000
eanvel Crees casas sate 3,000 Stonysrooke es cet cere eee ree 2,000

Waterlick, Dilbeck Run.....-...---- 1,600 Viral Creeks 225 ea see 1.000

Woodstock, Paddy Run.........---- 1,600 Ashland, Cedar Creek....-.--------- 2,000
Peters Mill Run.....-----.------=- 1, 600 Mish) Creeks oe cere eee ane 8,000

‘Washington: Pine Creekssosoete eaves sete 5,000

Clarkston, Alpowa Creek......------ 750 Whittelsey: Creeks 3.52 sos csoceccen 3 3,000

Du Pont, Lyons Lake:...2..22.--/-.- 5,000 Athens RibWviver sesse. sone sss te 1,600

Everett, Applicant........---------- *100, 000 Bangor, Adams Valley Creek..-.-.--- 1, 200

Republic, Sanpoil River.......---.-- 600 Big Credle wsccnnc valent ged 800

Springdale, Swamp Creek.......-.-.- 450 Burns Greeks sccm sore eee se 800

Stevenson, Ena Lake............-..- 900 Ditch’ Creeks cece ees oe sees 1,200
Equan-not Lake.........-.-------- 900 Bast Branchivestsetaee cote ces 800
LEE Tye] UE ea oa eR Se ea 450 ynon Creékic-. eo. ceecre anes 800
BUCH DOMGAKO sa ccm adee wee cet ehs 675 Mish) Creeks rece tence seas 800
Mohomish Wakes. keesy ot 675 Kolkmans Creek..-.....-----=-5-- 800

Tacoma, Waldes Rhue Lake. ....... 5, 000 Little Fish Creek......-.---------- 800

Vancouver, Cedar Creek............- 15, 000 Mosher Creek. ......--.--------=-/ 400
Salmon Creek. .........0.2-00-000- 20, 000 Band Crbelnnaccccc toed vss-cunditaed 1,200
Whipple Creek..............-.4.-- 10, 000 Whites Grol ce. ccaceon ce tee 800

West Virginia: Barneveld, Johnson Creek..-.-.------- 400

Albright, Cheat River............... 27 Black River Falls, Allen Creek. -..-- 400
IE CEM ire Sis By 6 ee 1,600 Arnold Creek......-.-.------+-+--- 400
Midd yacreaicnmes tes ed LCE 720 Bacon reek. ea=.-sosceceenesa 400
Garin Creckssansaucrrsasscccks et 900 Clear CreeK.......----------=------ 400

Alexander, Beech Run..........-..- 270 Dicky Creék. .20---.<-cee-seee- == 400
Birch Fork Creek........--------- 540 Hrenab! Creekens 16 Suet, eee ae 400
lin inc se ee eS 180 Hoffman Creek....---------------- 400

99805°—19——_11

54

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Wisconsin—Continued. Wisconsin—Continued.

Black River Falls, Kenyon Creek. .. 400 Durand, Arkansaw Creek..........- 500
Levis Creek ...6- 22 4u<enet seeds 400 Arkansaw Creek, Middle Branch. . 500
Morrison. Creekiss 5.5 ne-2t oe os wile « 400 Averill Creek..-ctc-0.-<erscetitee 500
erry, Creeks. << sse eee dace oem belts 400 Big Arkansaw Creek..........--.- 500
Pine CreGkse as siccwanceecceeeae cee 400 Cooley Crack: ctvcce< tec odes 500
Ranch! Creek). tiene sree 400 Duchane Creek...22 222. 3-. 2225.4 1,000
Roarinyicreely.... senate cee cote 400 Kall Creekiscccctcntsnvceeee tea eee 500°
Robinson Creeke=_tiansssses reso 400 Merron ‘Creeks ¢ :.-- ocean tenses 1,000
Silver Creek. sso... wickets seme. 400 Joe Gray-Creek.....5.------2 1.2.06 500
Slosser: Greek... .- 3-220 58015. 28e 400 Little Arkansaw Creek............ 500
RDO Wy CLOG Kian cle tawinaeiae oem cielelas 400 Little Missouri Creek.......-.-..-- 1,500
Sauaw) Creeks: . 2 is... nescence ie 400 Lattle.Plum: Creeks. ..--=ccb eee 500
Sthunton' Creek. 1... - 22 s-iss eee 400 Manion Creek. --..2.2-5----=-<-<s" 500
TankiCrpek e.. soesos shee eee 400 Orlady Creekvi << eek eee 500
DOwil Creek: sos. 2) Renee oeeeee 400 Pattison Creekicis. 5.25 tse-p esses 1,000
*TTOUT CneOkes . 22 Siset cas cae esac shee 400 Ryder. Creek. .)<2-cceckeecee cece 500
Van Hersett Creek....-.2.-...-22: 400 Schue Creek cs. ose cena actaaeeee 1,000
Visno Creek. f=... Mesh sseeesat 400 Spring Greek... ...<..<<.~+2.s<<_ somes 1,000

Blair, Beaver Creek, North Branch.. 3,000 Eau Claire, Andrews Creek.......-..- 800
Beaver Creek, South Branch...... 3,000 Annie Creek.t. 3.6.2.2 -Joe siete 800

Bloomer, McCanns Creek...-......-- 3, 200 Bessie Creek. ...5. 5.3022 2 ot uateeee 400
iid (Crégics 3. feo: cs oo user oe 800 Brown Creek. 0.20. <\00 =cut eee 400

‘Blue Mounds, Austin Creek. ......-. 400 GlarkCreeke << <5. oo. nen ccr eee 400
Boley Creek. oan ---seeeeee- eens 400 Culver Creek. . .- =~. -.sa0s-) eee 800
Mraimne Creeks. seeks sessed een 400 Dale' Creek. «5+. 2-202 tates oe 400
rol Creakes 22 - . scjos-s sees Bees 400 Mivens Creeks. 2. -<.-<. ots eee 800
MeKinley.Creekis5)--p--2c8h-c-pee . 400 Mildred Creek:.-......-2 9856 asa 800
Ruste Creek. <0 5 .ce--25.-hs ee teene 400 Palmer Creek Js ..< << 00.heca-eeeee 800
Shea Creeks s. 5 seeks shakes eee ee 400 Sandy Creek: ..ic0c2 esse ceccecm ane 400
Topper Greek... 22... scne tno 400 Willow Creek........ boeddeces cane 400

Bowler, Henning Creek.......-....- 800 Edgerton, Anthony Spring Creek. . . 334
Straussberg Creek......--..-....-. 800 Badfish Creek. .-..--..-.----.-.--- 500

Brokaw, Silver Creek....-....-..... 2,000 Caledonia Spring Creek.....-.--.- 167

Casco, Casco Creek........-----.-2- 1,600 Greens Crookes oc. smmitae- cic -eeree 167
AICKMUAG) RUN oe 2e4-2 yoete ce ase 800 WoyDT) CBO one amine eine eee 335

Cashton, Aarnes Creek.............. 600 Silver. Creek... ier ceinstsH oe ae 335
Hagen Creek... <sss4<ccekd eee 600 Eland, Eland Creek..7.....-..----.- 1,600
INorbo Creek... +.-2-2=soes = Use be 600 Embarras Rivers. icictsc/ a2 ecee 800
Schriener Creek, ...----<tse2'1- eae 600 Embarras River, branch of...-....- 400
Shannon Creek... steeso seid. 600 Embarras River, Middle Branch. . 1,200

Cayuga, Bittner Creek......---..... 400 Eleva, Adams Creek.......--.-....- 400
Cayuga Creek... =~. sctistasntalo devise 400 Bennet Valley Creek.....-.-...-.- 400
Earnest Creek... .--.-..2-<22 2250s 800 Big Creek ( sy ce wiceene cheeky Seepage 400
Eight Mile Creek...........-.....- 400 By Creek, (B) i855). Sate ee 400
MPOM RIOR ow cs es eee bees eee se 800 Bolinger Creok....--.-...2-4-cesies 400
Weieivtier Creeks -nc ceinc's sree scr eck cle 400 Chimney Rock Creek.....--.-.-.-.. 400
MPM Cregke soos essere s se cen tees 400 Fifteen Mile Creek.....-.-..-.--.. 400
WiidiCraeki ee. sin eee oe poate eee 400 Haaken Crook .....-..-.-.<.-2.0- nem aeee 400
OTECLGGk na coscsese epee san ek setae 800 John Hoven Creek.......-.-.--.-. 400
pring OVeek. jasc csr.ce ee eee es ae 400 Lindsey Creek. ..£.-....220 3 eseue 400

(Cvlon, Hay Creek. 67 parse esepndene 400 McCurran Creek. . 2-2 2a35-b tees 400
Birbton Greek 2 senc as spose saeee 800 Bosman Creek. 02. .--52--2-ceh eae 400
BULINE BOOK. socccce cca ers + sccee 800 Sunum Creek... 22.202 See 400

illow River, South Fork........ 1,600 Tolefisen Creek... .-2.-.---202- 65 400

Danbury, Bangs Creek......-...-..: 1,500 Trout Creek. 2s... ssn sade eeeee aoe 400

Darlington, Lovetts Branch......... 400 Elkhart Lake, Crystal Lake....-..-..- 800
Obier Creaiceer: ree oon eeeee ee 500 Mullet River. <<.-s-essee eek 800

Deer Park, Willow River, South Mullet River, branch of....-----.- 1, 200
Bork... 2) sede sn eee oats fae’ 800 Elkhorn, Spring Prairie Creek....... 1,134

Delta, Spring Lake................. 5,000 Fontana Spring Brook.....-.---.- 334

Dodgeville, Blotz Creek..... Spe eae 400 Whitewater Spring Creek....-.... 334
oe (yet) Se ee 400 Williams Bay Spring Creek....... 400
Cox Hollow Creek........-......-. 400 Elk Mound, Mud Creek..........-..- 3, 200
MNBGOLSAKeeset sa snec reenact 400 Ellis Junction, Smith Creek. --..-.-..- 400
ends Creeks. cocina ss she => abe 400 HUNG OLR AVR aie wpe nnn hn ae 1, 200
JOUGS Crapk vse esos. pes,-p eae ae 400 Elmwood, Big Mosourie Creek. ...-- 1, 200
ele d CYRARS Sesh tnenawetes ase 400 Brush Creek ec seasas as iss: esas 400
ROCK Creates savas ccrcicea scene 334 Cave Creek a erenn cn <Seiiet taaeeeen 800
Wedlake Rum. 2025. secs s os sndes 400 Mosourie Creek, South Fork...... 800
Williams Crbelinn adeeec sine acer - tenes 400 Plum Creek, South Fork..-.-......- 1, 200
Wallow Creek... . tierce d-pccastit 400 Fairchild, Graves Mill Creek....-.... 400
Waper Crepe: sense Meee able 55 400 Hansonereek.. =. ~---.. svat aeeees 400

Donaldson, Muskrat Creek.......... 668 MoUaren Creek. v. w4.c.- bl annncnie 400
pring Creek 3 cc seetes pepe dak 1,200 Marten €reak.\) |... -m<bse=swerte 400
SWAMP CLOCK 2525. cee dee es penne 1,600 METH Crops ie a ono nie, ainmninins EE 400
Tamarack Creek .\.. 25 2. cearescenink 1,200 Newman Creek......-.-..-.----.- 400

Dunbar, Pike River, South Branch. . 1,600 Searls Creeks... os fcc. vemees nee 400

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.
BROOK TROUT—Continued.

55

Disposition.

Wisconsin—Continued.

Fairchild, Snake Creek
Molles:Greek= .5i.4-- aos bg
LEDE aTS C |:ae nee Co & e

Fond du Lac, Camp Ground Creek..
Gans Creek. oe: sss occas eters
Gillett Creek... --..22 280 3 SUR
PERG DDSGEBGK Se Sacjaciar starve eee e
HROVSOTOOK eto narsaestancnton dee ee
IMP Ve yi CLOBKe So ccicnociccemet abe
IPATSONS CLBOK «201 foc. os ops porctone ae
Phelps Creek... 3025) VAS Se
Rueks Creek... 2-05 I ET.

DiTOOK Greeks yay. oewrgeeene wen
Fountain City, American Creek. -...
Cream Valley Creek. ......--..----
Eagle Valley Creek.........-.-----
Glencoe Creek. .)).wcccc we eee ce DI
Johns Valley Creek.......--.-----
Pipers Valley Creek........-------
Foxboro, Empire Creek....-...-----
Galesville, Beaver Creek, North
BRTAUICO eo ctetia Wiese eee ee
Beaver Creek, South Branch.....-
Dutch Creeks. geceeee cee ete PI
Frenches Creek .......-..---------
Silver Creek......-.-.

Glen Flora, Bear Creek. --....------
Deer Pail Creek...-.~--.~-25/2-.22
JOSIO CLOCK. +5. ececeer eset zeses ee
Little Jump River!) /2e28 Soe
Main Creek, Middle Fork.....-.--
Main Creek, South Fork.....-..---
Silver Creek. .....-=--:--s0922! 2.1
Skinner Creek, North Fork.-....--.
Skinner Creek, South Fork..-.----

Gordon, Ox Creek... 292022 2255522.

Grand Rapids, Chester Creek. -....--
ilarvey, Oreck: .:2-::-:22522222220:
Seven Mile Creek.........-----.--

Hancock, Little Roche a Cri Creek. -

Hatley, Plover River........:::.---

Hortonville, Black Otter Creek.....-

Independence, Amundson Creek. --.
BennettiCreekesss.-ss202--22255---
Bjerkland Creek -.t=:222-7. 22: 4525:
Borst Valley Creek......---+---.--
Burnt Valley Creek....-...--.-- ie
Chimney Rock Creek......-.---.-
(Wooks Creek. =--.28t2 22 te ues seer
Davis Creek... .--
Davis Valley Creek.
Minbielicreek...--::s2--:-752 20
Engum Valley Creek...-....------
Waar Creek: = .-.22252.+52222 22-5.
Wernnipht Creek.» +:=.2s's2---22--22
mie Crees = <= SSVI Be ee

Gunderson Valley Creke....------
awkenson Creek..:...-.-----:---
Olman'Creek. 5: .2::3s::2:\.22a255

MulperpiCresie:. 5-2. 0 YEO"

Hunts Valley Creek....--..-------

Husselgard Creek......-.--:------

Johnson Creek.....----::25-------

cas as Creek... o2ssss2tees2 252-002
aloney Creek....-.---. fore ed fie
Nelson Valley Creek.......-------
North Branch ccs -2). 5224-32 tS
Blum; Creeks 3as2.saeendsssss- ees
Popes Creek... gs ss ste et
Roskos Creekw.n cea 2ss0cr5 este Ae

Number.

Disposition.

Number.

Wisconsin—Continued.

Independence, Russell Valley Creek.

Ruste Greeks: ¢.<2s2s-2ebsseesseues
Simonson Valley Creek.....-..-.-
Skogstad Creek: 2 /21T e eee
Slanten Valley Creek......-.--.-.-
Solfest: Greek: 45/20 2202252 329s ene
Traverse Valley Creek......---.---
WiberyiOrecle:} 202223 sas esit ee
Ujte:Cregkynt ss sos hase e ae

Vietim@nedics ria s2 ex pneee eye
Wiallsi@reelkeiacavscsos ieee eke

Zimmers Valley Creek....-..-----
Towa Falls, Elk Run Creek....-.---
Kellogg, Snake Creek.......--.-----
Kilbourn, Corning Creek...-...-.-.-

Gilmore Oreek: iss 722 eae see

La Crosse, Dutch Creek.......-.----
Maple Creeks tr iiss es oso Ree
Halfway: Crecks tema seer aeeoe oe
Sand Lake Cooley Creek....--.-.-
Spring Cooley Creek.........--..-
State Road Cooley Creek ‘

La Farge, Bear Creek......-.-.-----

Manitowoc, Black Creek.......-..--
Branchiivense esse eke
Cootway Creckesee test ss
Misher Creeks 0} cre tee Soe ee

iKappelmaniCredkv.-. toes see
iKromforti@reek 2s. ee eee
POM TUR IV ele een ae eta
Marengo, Bruinsweiler Creek...--...-
Cody Crock sep R et ae eos
Morsythe Creek. 8 ose. ope get
MarengzorRivene en -\ccsn ss one se re
Spring Creek: 2) 2220 Mes sees ere
Mauston, "Bigi@reeks tt. 2. eas
Brewer Oreek-*).<. = Ss Shook sea
Mile: Crocker’ er 285 ese seg

Mellen, Beaver Creek..............-.
STO GNeOKs + sane see see tee
Camp 20 Creek eo nae sods cae,
@leveland!Creéke=: 252.5. 55.8 ha.
Delica: Crecks Ase te. os shin sect
MrleiGreck: ste te: Soke n: cca as
Rox Crepic sete Aer eke ee ee ,

Gravely Creek.........-.-
ee Creeks. ees eae 2
Hard Scrabble Creek............--.
Kings Creek hn. stetae bee see a ee
McCartiyi@resk® Sonu ns tstec ce s-. ae
Mellen‘ Greekse: Sse rene seen cae Sere

Roekysiuminsees a-26 600s. > ns ane
Scott and Taylor Creek............
Seipel CreeksPee stats ches nae
Silver Creek see cscs sas anee te pedis

Stony CreGketscecs soe le 52 ss eee es
PrombiGneekesses onc cs tad- seein

Menomonie, Adams Creek..........-
AndersomOnrecle se s2 25.225 coe sen
IATATISIOLOG KS nays elo Aisa has ea erermaters
ASVAUIM OMOBKs - 5. o5s0 cae ote teats
Big HOAVver Creek a2 252 oc lence oe
nog tad) Sol, Cites eae ae te eee eg
BP HO LOOKA oac)s ceca ee se tian
Big Meadow Creek........-...---.
Big Missouri Creek..............--

Ol

we ewe eee ee eee

SSSSSSSSSSS8SSESS8S8

ve SSS Se

e

ae a a

RR ee Re ROR ROO OTR RW ORR RR AIO

weer eve vueveveveus

BRSRRRRARSSSSSSS SSS SSSSSeessS

56

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition.

Wisconsin—Continued.
Menomonie, Big Otter Creek. .
IBISS Creek wie. can. se feces
Blain Crebks sec oo ceect eos
Bolin ‘Creek. 5225222 aes
Bubbling Spring Creek
Cady: Croekca 7? scc<2 seep
Campbell Creek.........---.
ClackiCreekie acces vsctecte a
Connor) Creek... 2bcceece see
Woon Crédke ces. copaeeee sees
Cranberry Creek....-.....-.-
Crosby Crecke so ocsccsxcsccce
Dahil Creek res sok cence sees
Drowley Creek..........----
Dushane Creek........-- pf

Mddy: Creeks®. ste. sc-e5-
Eighteen Mile Creek.....-.--
Minems! Creeks cones -ceecce ce
Galloway Creek.........----
Gilbert Creek? Set
HalliCreeks fee es cceasene
Hay Oreckiee ns eres cceese ae
Hay River, North Fork.....
Hay River, South Fork.....
Hop bs! Gredk 208 16 es
Honby Greck eee ea oes

King Creek
Knight Creek
Lamb Creeks. 5./532 02 .-3 2.
Taindsay: Creek eee. Lee
Little Beaver Creek........-
Little Elk Creek. .:..-2...-
Little Missouri Creek.....-.--
Little Otter Creek.........--
Little Sand Creek........-.--
DWOSDyHitlewees seeoe leo tee
Lower Pine Creek........-.--

INFOTOS CREO. seus e rn estuse
CORES conn ris tii aL Oe DE
Mud Creek, East Fork......
Mud Creek, North Fork.....
Owen Creek...........--..--
Palmer Creeks 32222222022
Parker'@reeks ss 5222 sascccee -
Popple Creek........
Proper Creek... - AGS
Quarder Creek. . -
Quilling Creek....

Rock Cragionscuctosorestesee

Simonson Creek. -.....---.:-
Smith Oreeles ss 2234255 mi-15,-
pring Cveek sce e ae wi ce
DLoneereaksesersnaits sce a a0
Styer Creeks. ce. sae seen
AR DRI Creeks caxtscteeeels'|\a.5
Tiffany Creeks .s.ccce-- so --
Torgerson Creek.......-.----
SREOUL CLEGK.. see sc cies sets
Upper Pine Creek.....-...--
Valley View Creek...----.--
WaAnCOiCrbtiks - see ceesineim ss
Varney ‘Creek/.-.2/s2----...
Washburn Creek.....-.-..---

Number.

Disposition.

Wisconsin—Continued.

Millston, Ketchem Creek.......-....-
ambert Creek... ..,2 ---22-ceeee
Pigeon Cregke ose nnck sees: ee
Robinson Creek... ats
Rudd Crecka eee senses se

Mondovi, Armor Valley Creek.......
Bennett Valley Creek.....-...--.--
Carroll Creek
Da
Dillion’ Creek2teae.) oa. vases ose

Bord: Creeks 626 oo) 2) eee eee
Harvey Creek... -=-..2ese-k ene
Hayes Creek; 5... o=--vhsa-s Saeaeiee
‘Merril Creek. <0. -.c5\t0)- -Saeeee
Modera.Creek.'../---<.--- omer eeeeas
Rock Creek: . sucstisth sso sno. ee
Rosman’ Creek. .\../.'.- 2-2 --56-2ees
Whelan Creek-..2.. ..-2.-92epee
White Creek 22-22 --..<222se5- eee
Monticello, Blum Creek.....-...-..--
Carroll Creek... .-. ...<¢//2e-esees

Marty Creek's. 5o.bcc.-: see eee
New Lisbon, Fountain Creek-......-.
Macomber Creek

Webster Creek. occ 5 tse -5|-eeea
Newry, Homstad Creek...........--
Norwalk, Brunner Creek.........-.-

Fairbanks Creek.............-----

Matis Creeks f su. fees. ene eee

Spring/Creek. -. 22 03.72 eee
Spring Valley Creek.......-....--.
SummitiCreek!: 2... ict doeeee eee
Traschel Creek 222 222. stcen's genes
Oakfield, Camp Ground Creek... -..
Willow Cree

Otis; A:verill Creek ......... <2: enema t

Hanson Creek: 2.2 ose eee
Johnson! Creek:.\.:\..5.....0cs cece eee
Johnson Creek, East Branch....--
Pat Smith Creek.......... Ae
Pine 'Créek:.-5'.2.e secs ‘weeks
Pine Creek, North Branch....-...
Prairie River. fs oeseces ses ceases
Willow: Creeks a.cc5c- s.2--
Park Falls, Rapid Creek. - .
Rock Creskv: S22.2.5. <<
Sand' Creek tocesecne<<a- 5 - aah
Patzau, Empire Creek..........--..
Pembine, Boulder Creek............
Mulliony; Creek. 20. ..-.-<ccises nee
Pemone Creek=-..2...<....--28ebe
Silver Cresk-a.-.'... |... 5. --eeee
Smith Credkos.5.--.---4- cass seer
Trestle Wreeke va. = =.'..-/. eee
ak oe Big Plum Creek.-.........---
ogus Cree

Porcupine Creek : ..:.2::...--sseee
Roaring iver = ...<. 5 2!.sassase
Pewaukee, Spring Creek...........-.
Phelps, Twin Creek..........-.-225-

Number.

SSSSSSESSSSSSESE

400

A
Ny
Ss

me
. ~

SESESEEE SSE REE EEE EEE

734

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

BROOK TROUT—Continued.

or
=~]

Disposition.

‘Wisconsin—Continued.

Plainfield, North Creek.........-.--
Roche a CriCreek.... 2622232222.
ManiMile Creek o2 Secs S555 2

Readstown, Albert Johnson Creek. -
Black Bottom Creek............--
Boyle Creek... 2.8 32) i222 2s hws
KOlariev Cretkeses Siti. oe eee
WavaCrenke ss scc des cece onde tee
Flanagan Creek.............-...--
Hortnoy Creek. 2 ss 2200s see
Govier Creeks so. oes sean esa aeeee
EVANS CTO kes do Sec se et basen

Harrison Hollow Run.............

Herrid Creek........! _ eB FS

MinTISONIO Teekay! oc 8. see S
Norwegi
IBN CROGKS de Je a sass see eat ok
Reedsburg, Hay Creek........-....-
aNWIRIOKOGK At cas sso ass re Gcsose ts
Rhineland, Crescent Creek.-.........
Four Mile Creeokeeeieas sees
WeNNIC Oreckss. 6. ssa255 ncecee eee
Nois
River Falls, Kinnickinnic River. .-.
Kinnickinnic River, Lower.......
Kinnickinnic River, Upper...-.-.
Kinnickinnic River, West Branch
Salmo, Bark Creek.................-
Brickyard Creek:.o..<ssretee<s te
OSTACTOOK Sa.5 oe nao a sane se ee

Siskiwit Creek.............. ghost
Sheboygan Falls, Otter Creek. -.....
Rhine Creek?: 505. 2 22!
Sparta, Ranch Creek................
Spring Green, Jones Creek..........
Stone Lake, Hay Creek...........--
Sissibagama Creek.............-..
Stoughton, Atkinson Creek........-
Superior, Miles Creek.............--
et Brule: River ...2..2.o 022s 3-2
Tomah, Allen Creek..........------
Bear Creek. ...... 2-22 -+sseaee esse

Mtiper Greeks: 20225. ost. -t tn eco
Pricbiany CrOGKE Le eo a iain mnie
Jennimps/Gnéek-e2 > ois fcc. s eos
Malo Creeks... 22 ca .0-1.ccn0cee

Little Squaw Creek...............
MOWENCEOB Rate oe ceed io Lari coete
Mill Creek...
Mudd Creekindsazacecceners: 2208
Bandi Creek ssay se ese sete ee ce oes
Handy, Creeks 3522526 S228 kesss cic
Bilver Creek sect aime
Sparta Creek eres - 52s son ce cadeey
LON yiCreekess Ae ee socio eee es
Swanip Creek pos oo ss cece ke ese

Number.

BSSess

He He OO DO C0 G9 69 C9 DO CO CO et He et

vee Se OS EO

SSSSSSSSSSSESS5

os NN pL
~
ss

Disposition.

Wisconsin—Continued.

Tomahawk, Armstrong Creek....-..
Bearskin River. ..-..-2:..20i5 2
Berry Creek... v.i2 ..: 29
Big-Pme Creek:.:..-:.:.+222eoe2~
Hayi@reek-s. 5-3. 2-5 eee
Kenhling Croelc: =... 2-223 559
Little Pine Creek............-....
Pickereli@reek:«- 2: :-\=2-=22e seer
Richie Creeks2:2222 s2.s.2sareeete-

Spring Creek.< sec 222255 s2-32sh eee |

Squaw Creek:.::22 2223.55. 8204
Trout @reekesisc22255hece25 settee
Trempealeau, American ValleyCreek.
Beaver Creek ..5- 252255255520 e ene.
Beaver Creek, North Branch......
Church Valley Creek.......-....-.
Corrigans:Creek.<-:2s2:2.2252s0026
Corrigans Valley Creek............
Crystal: Creekiso:: 22: 2522225255288

Dutch Creek..........-
Ettrick Valley Creek.
Fox Creek....-.....-
French Creek, North Branch......
French Creek, South Branch......
French Valley Creek-.......-...-.-
Holcomb Cooley Creek....-...----
Norway Valley Creek..-......-..-
Pine Creeks sy sesgsnsers toes eee
Tamarack Creek..: 2222222452 222252
Turtle Lake, Beaver Creek.........-
Clayton Bridge Creek.............
Liphtning Creekoe oy ios 2522 ee
Silver Creek-4isns525 575495 a

Turtle! Creekseysnos eee ee
Viroqua, Bad Ax River, North Fork.
Be-A-Bout Creek.....2.--22-¢.22-
Bishop (Creek: <2 2224-2335 4
Brookville: Creekso2.\/.120 222 ceo

Garey, Creeks rs0 see see ceee
Gedar Creek tae ne ee ee
Cheatham Creek... ..
Connaway Creek...
Cook Creeks neck espe es oe
Dueck bee Creek... esses 2 02 e
Rc ORG Kot Bien eee FS gee 8 Oa

Harrison Creek, North...........-
Harrison Creek, South........-...
Pine Hollow Creek............-...
Purdy Cneeklecte cheers
Reeds Crock lee fice Do tase saa
Rogers\ Creek. cise het
Seas: Creek er cake ries ve ee ae
Sidie' Creckik= 2 Ose h e eee
Springville Creek =. 5.26 =. 42 55-..
Manton Creek=-= oe ees. cheeses ect
Willow Sprin
Waukesha, Baldwin Creek..........
Bickwell Creeks tecee ey icdeee CSUN

DoppsiGreek. 3220. 220s teen tek
Genesee Creeks. 2225052082 eek
Honeyager'Creek.- ... >= 5--52-2-26
Weppens Creek. > on. ns neccesele
Rosenow Creek........--.-.------
Salesville Creek. - 2.1... 22. {2.025
Scuppernong Creek. . —
Waterville Creek...
Willow Creek.......-..- se
Waupaca, Radley Creek.....-....-.
Wausau, Big Sandy Creek.........-
IBIRURAOTDRKar 2.2 cea af seeen sana

Number.

58

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.
BROOK TROUT—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition.
Wisconsin—Continued. Wisconsin—Continued.
Wausau, Four MileCreek........... 2,000 Wilton, Gallagher Creek.............
Tittle’ Trap Rum. 62.5. e aera 334 Kinney Valley Creek......2.....-.
Westby, Bad Ax River 400 Moyers Creeks peri. Jac oes
Baghen Creek. ecscie.s5 ose seeck 400 Moores Creekis2 e.ceern 6 3 U8
Barges Creeks .2 soso. sabe eee ee 400 Posy ‘Creek: 2 0 25)-2 FAR ee
Dahl Creek: =. 522522 55< Sesh eee 33 400 RiordoniCreek-s...-2-..=sek eee
Douse Creeki vs 22.2.2 .e seeesee ee 400 Dibke! Creeks! pee -see soem peace
ree (Creekeee se eee emer 400 Sinks (Creek otc eet e's aees aeneee
Ellefson' Creek 25 ....2224 s 252 Het 400 Slayton Creek. . 2... .... eed
Hsotea Creek 5-2 =. sess. yee oe Hees 600 Straightman Creek.........-...-.-
Hreming Creek: . 2222524 eccesnece 400 Walge Creek... 0... «4-0 = <ancseeeee
Hanson Creeko: ce 252s s.caesese soe 400 Webb: Crogic tt. 250 0. at ee eae
Helge Larson Creek............-.- 400 Winneboujou, Blueberry Creek... ..
Helgeson Creek...........-.-..--- 400 Cusins Take... 52.) eee aes
Helseth Farm Creek.....-.....--.. 400 Glozes.Creek 37.0.0... Go
Hillside Creek. —. 2-2: 2chepese othe 400 Hollbrook Creek. -. 2. eee
Hoilins Creeks <<. 255.22 2.5 Shee: 400 Dake Hlorence.--/).-- 5 -ces5n eee
folte’ Creeks [OOP ees ance anes 400 Little Brule River... 2... .22. -@aeoe
WeNSOn Creeks sii se eck san eae 600 Sandy honda vce seein ae an eee
‘anehus Creek: 2a sscc2 cee cae oa 400 Saunders Pond 222-82. c5 aa eee
Garson Greek 3/550 850s cea amok 800 Stoney Pond)... tee ee
MolleriCreek:. Wat hos 22sec ss kssceces 400 ‘Wiheatons Creek.,.2-2:.34-.56. nee
wim Creeks ss. choose. 5355 chess 400 Winter, Allen Creek......----....--
Olsom Creeks. i .G. pe peers hens 800 Gasey Crpek.c2 i252 205055 Lanse
Overhagen Creek... .. - pe pe 1, 200 Deadmans Creek..-..-- -2+-:...-
Peterson Creek... . 22-4 ssne2 225t4 400 Jennings) Creek. 2 2245.02 524hemene
Pierce Creeks. hs: Shas ce5-vadeead 400 Nap StoutiCreek...-<-..-.0,5- 888
Rentz Crobks o. so .ccetenete ee dte® 400 || Wyoming:
Sandbakken Creek. ....-...-..-.2: 400 Aladdin, Rocky Ford Creek.......--
Sease Creeks: fee scces cee aos bs 400 Beulah, Sand Creek....:..-:.-/.----
Senling Crock. fs 2s oct sgocew a438,- = 400 Silver Spring Branch..........-.--
Shannon Creek: . 22. - 2526-22254 600 || Cody, Anderson Creek.......-.--.--
Sherve Creek’ s2s35 52 2se525- eahae es 400 Shoshone River, South Fork....-.
Skersmoen Creek................-- 400 Lander, Bear Creek...............--
Skough Creek... ... Be sense de 400 Beaver Créek 0 28.05. 282.3
Spring Valley Creek.............-- 400 Big Popo Agie River. .........-.--
Stevenson. Creek: 52 \5-..)- a0 sea- 2. 600 Lander Creek i220. Sete. h eae
Hveen' Creek. 25-8 =o. cga5 ede 400 SOGk (Creckes oo ons suc cee
Swenson Creek. 5. sea a8 ce wo ope 400 Milas Creel on oo ons am seiy noe
Timber Coolee Creek.....-...:---- 400 Slate: Creeks! o26.. 52.) see eee
TMomiben Cracker eae eee 400 Willow Creek (oe 5.022 es
Vontitvudén' Creek. 2). (-c)/5 net 400 (uaramie: Himt/s Takes! . 05.232. .06
Whitehall, Adams Creek............ 1,000 Manderson, East Tensleep Creek... .
IBTeedICreeks + a. ue anes eee cette 1,000 Misty Moon Lake...............--
Caswell Greek: oo 5 eet sc 1,000 Willow Oreek. oo 22. oe. tec ee
WMreaman Oreck. 0/522. 0. wget 1,000 Newcastle, Stockade Beaver Creek. .
TANI OW CLOG 0. cms orca sists aya cle la 1,000 Powell, Bitter: Creek. . (2.203 s-.0s1 5:1
Marnden Creek: 22... 2222 eles 1,000 Canyon Greek... ...... sven deer <
fensel Crackin. =e eect ckese 1,000 Wake Creek: . 2... -s-+ aeons
(KidG@eriCreckort Jie Oy ee 1,000 Line Creek
Libakken'’ Creek. nase tne 1,000 Little Roc
McKivergan Creek. ...........-..- 1,000 Mae Wood Creek
Solsrud ‘Greek... /.- S225-.cene Lee een 1,000 Owens Creek
Mavlor Creeks ena. ceases tata 1,000 Paint Creek
IWebbiCresle*socc tee tet ee 1,000 Willow Creek
Wislis'Crack= toe eee es ete ar 2 1,000 Sage, TwiniCreek.2....- oo 80. ees
(Wiood \Crepketsjncces tate ee este ce 1,000 Saratoga, Jack Creek............----
Wilton, Billings Creek.............. 600 Lake Creek) oo vo iusesseresteaeose
Brinn Waele eT te ong eee 1,200 || Japan: Kobe, Japanese Government.
Cold Spring Creek................. 600
Cook Creek2s ct c28 cet euncset aceite 1, 200
Dorseb' Cred ee ee es 5 ne cies 690 Total. £5 Ueto uke sis c'cls ates < sabe
Warmers Credle st.iSi... ts Saceaer 600

SUNAPEE TROUT.

Number.

S8SS88

t+
Poe eet
S
S888

+935, 600

+5, 972, 495
7, 868, 932

Vermont: Brattleboro, South Pond

Disposition.

a Loss in transit, 6,000 fry; 900 fingerlings.

Number.

+8, 000

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917,

59

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

GRAYLING.
Se a ee a se ee Pp

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.

California: San Francisco, San Gre- Montana—Continued.

Porm Creeka. 2. 35. ensbee ats. Ge see Se *50, 000 iWillow/ Creek - 2322 5.6 sheers tee +8, 000

Colorado: Glacier Park, Grinnell Creek. .....-. +32, 000
Antero, Antero Lake...............- +50, 000 Middle Two Medicine Lake. _....- 732, 000
Leadville, Arkansas River. ......... $15, 000 St Marys: Lake s..2.2)2) 22 ee 732, 000

Twin BECStse meee cee seeae as eee ooe +15, 000 Madison Lake, Madison Lake.....-- +500, 000
Loveland, Big Thompson River....- +30, 000 Odell Creek, Odell Creek..........-- +260, 000

Michigan: Grayling, State fish com- Sappington, Jefferson River....-..-. +24, 000
HUES Sn Be ea ee eee ers Fr) #50, 000 Whitefish, Lacy Creek.............. $24, 000

Montana: New York: New Milford, Basherkill
Belt pelt Creek: 2.58 2u ie. phe 5 +16, 000 RIVER sees cecesc es ccc cs ue ee *25, 000

Little Belt Creek +16, 000 _———_—__———

ver Creek: 322) lo seseee v2 +8, 000 Totals ck 2 ic eee eee eee *125, 000

Wile Creek. .28sc2 5 soe. i eee +16, 000 { 1, 078, 000

SMELT.
Maine: Maine—Continued.
Anson, Great Emden Pond......... +4, 000, 000 Sullivan Tunk Pond). 5. -sees ene +4, 000, 000
Belfast, Quantobacook Lake........ +4, 000, 000 Waldo, Halfmoonand Mixer Ponds..| +4, 000, 000
Brooks, Randall Pond............-.. +4, 000, 000 —__—_—
Denham, Branch Pond +600, 000 Total eveet tessa Sse ohana +28, 000, 000
Otis, Green’ Lakev>. 22.22. 22-82... 5. +7, 400, 000
PIKE AND PICKEREL.«a
Seer pe ke De ah ee el ee

Illinois: Minnesota—Continued.

Dallas City, Lake Cooper..........-. 33 Richmond, Mississippi River........ 2;060
Galena, Mississippi River.........-. , L00 Winona, Mississippi River........-- 3,070

Iowa: Wisconsin:

Bellevue, Mississippi River. .......- 8, 900 Fountain City, Mississippi River. ... 12, 485
Fairport, Mississippi River........-- 205 || _ Genoa, Mississippi River............ 5, 000
North McGregor, Mississippi River. - 20, 050 La Crosse, Mississippi River......-.- 21, 500

“Minnesota: Trempealeau, Mississippi River. .... 10, 532
Homer, Mississippi River........... 10, 762 —
Lake City, Lake Pepin.............. 946 Totalen. cose cusaceeteeecataeeee 103, 643

FRESH-WATER DRUM.

‘Illinois: Galena, Mississippi River..... 1, 200 || Wisconsin—Continued.

Towa: Genoa, Mississippi River............ 5, 000
Bellevue, Mississippi River.......-.. 1, 875 La Crosse, Mississippi River... ..... 20, 000
¥airport, Mississippi River.......-.-. 529 Lynxviille, Mississippi River. .....-. 1,000

“Wisconsin:

Fountain City, Mississippi River... . 200 Mota AR Nee Se hese nk 29, 804
CRAPPIE AND STRAWBERRY BASS. °

Alabama: Colorado: Wray, Robb Lake.......... 300
Anniston, Aquarium............-..- 35 || Connecticut:

QOxford) Bake =.=: 22: <i092.) Loss. 70 Waterbury, eulljPond 22... caeeee 70
Birmingham, City Aquarium....... 20 Smith Pond..-... babe bose Eocene 35
Dancy, Binion’s pond.............. 70 || District of Columbia: Washington,
Montgomery, Shooting Club Lake... 70 Rhodmont Lake..............-..... 40
‘Opelika, Edwards’s pond........... 70 || Florida:

‘Sulligent, Maddox’s pond........... 35 Orlando, Lake Florence............. 84

Arizona: Lake biey: ecb Se sued Sey 2. pose 84
Douglas, Mulberry Pond............ 80 Lake Stanley...............2..... 84
Globe, Roosevelt Lake.............. 1,120 || Georgia: ~

Arkansas: Cusseta, Shine Place Pond.......... 90
Black Rock, Black River.........-.. 1,900 Greensboro, Richland Creek........ 25
Conway, Owen Lake................ 30 Mora, Walker’s pond........---...- 50
Fayetteville, Davidson’s pond ...... 40 Stone Mountain, Venable Lake..... 100

White River, Middle Fork........ 100 Swainsboro, Rountree Pond........ 100
Genoa, Hall’s pond................. 140 Tifton, Waterloo Pond..........-.-. 90
Little Rock, Spring Lake........... 140 || Illinois: :

Morrillton, Earl’s pond............. 35 Ava, Ava Springs Lake............. 80
Patmos, Lafferty’s lake............. 140 Belleville, Fern Glen Lake.......... 120
Russellville, Galla Creek..........-. 105 Carbondale, Lake Goodman........ } 360

a The fish here listed were rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.

Tllinois—Continued.

Indiana:

60

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

CRAPPIE AND STRAWBERRY BASS—Continued.

Disposition.

Crystal Lake, Crystal Lake.........
Dallas City, Lake Cooper........--.
East St. Louis, Cemetery Pond... ..
Elizabeth, Apple River...........-.
Farmer City, Salt Creek..........-.
Galena, Mississippi River.........-..
Galesburg, City Lake..............-
McComb, Ruebushe’s ponds ese).
Millington, Fox River..............
Moline wPower/Pond) os. acsccesanens
Pana, Converse’s ponds. --- 25.2.2.

Shelbyville, Kaskaskia River.......

Corydon Junction, Diedrick’s pond -
Edinburg, Sugar Creek.............
English, Little Blue River..........
Indianapolis, Fan Lake.............

AiiAablifoyd hy orom be een ie aie Name te

Codariiake cys sje ee Se ed

Muncie, Gravel Pit Pond...........

bar oon Pond! eis 2.05 Jee eee oe
New Albany, Perrettes Lake........
PET MOUWR VOT: =. Sechias eee eee
Plymouth, Twin Lakes.............
Portland, Bailey’s pond sass seus!
Ramsey, Bush’s pond............-.
Rome City, Sylvan Lake...........
Terre Haute, Gravel Pit Pond....-.
Waynetown, Harvey’s pond........

wa:
Bellevue, Mississippi River.........
Boone, Des Moines River...........
Corning, Nestling Water Pond.....-
WETHOMES PONCE esa. secs ee
Eldora, Iowa River.........
Fairport, Mississippi River... .
Guthrie Center, Woodland Lake....
Manchester, Maquoketa River......
North McGregor, Mississippi River. -
Kansas:
Baileyville, Anthony Far Pond.....
Chanute, Allen Lake. ......
Edwardsville, Betts Creek
Forest Club Lake.
Marshall Creek. -
Mission Creek.......
Milk: WalisiyWik River. .coscscdeaecene
Kincaid, Grindstone Lake..........
Pittsburg, Radels Pond=...:......22
Shout?spondis. =. 2. , fas: SYS
Stanley, Rural Retreat Lake........
Kentucky:
Anchorage, Spring Hill Lake........
Brodhead, Dix River...............
Negro Creek... =... Sasekis tok RS
Crab Orchard, Crab Orchard Lake...
Danville, Sallee’s pond..............
Gatliff, Big Poplar Creek............
Georgetown, Hall’s pond............
North Elkhorn Creek.............
Greensburg, Green River............
Guthrie, Durham’s pond............
Hodgenville, Walters’s pond........
Kuttawa, Cumberland Ri
Lakeland, Hospital Lake............
Lawrenceburg, Marrs Lake.......:..

Number.

Disposition.

Kentucky—Continued.
Lexington, Le Bus’s pond.......-..-
Sink: Hole Pondssces.o2-sscceneeee
Wallace, Ponds. sccskoesecee eee
Logana, Adams’s
Louisville, Hloyd fork.) 2. eee
Harrods Creeks. sssseneu aoe
Landsdowne Lake..........-.-.--
Sears Ponds shee sss acces eee
Maceo, Kingfisher Lake.............
Owensboro, Lewis’s pond.........-.
iLyne's pond Joc ec2 so sceeneee eee
Shelbyville, Brown’s pond..........
Clear Creek’. 34.2.0.<2) 42 estes ee SCRE
Springfield, Neikirk’s pond......-.-
Whitesburg, Rosedale Pond......
Williamsburg, Cumberland River...
Winchester, True’s pond..........-.
Witherspoon’s pond..............-
Louisiana:
Florien;. Mill’ Creek:.< 2. 2<cc-ceasertene
Homer, McKenzie’s pond......-...-
Myris; Mill Ponds. enap- cer aceeene
Maryland:
Frederick, Monocacy River.......-.-
Seneca, Potomac River...........--
Massachusetts: Plymouth, South Tri-
angle Pond
Michigan:
abius, Clear Makes sesee- cesses
Floodwood, Lily Lake........--...-
Highland, Lakes i
County .u28 sae ns -sisoee beens
Houghton, Fales Lake....... ahaiges
Baron Pond 000-0 sesncons Greene
Indian River, Indian River.........
Jackson, Big Portage Lakes. Jascedd¢
Marquette, Deer Lake........-.-...-
Nashville, Willow Pond.............
Reed City, Lake Osceola...........-
Minnesota:
Buffalo, Buffalo Lake..............-
Central Lakes, Augusta Lake......-.
Degrafi, St. Marys Lake............-
Forado, Union Lake......
Homer, Mississippi River
Lake City, Lake Pepin..
Little Falls, Fish Lake..
Minneapolis, Cedar Lake.
Morristown, Pleasant View Pond
North Branch, Rice Lake...
Owatonna, Lonergan Lake
Preston, Root River, Middle Branch
Root River, South Branch.
Richmond, Mississip i River
Rochester, Mill Pon

Winona, Lake Winona
Mississippi River......
Mississippi:
Aberdeen, Baker Lake..
Cantrell Lake... geceseeese- osm
Ackerman, Hemphill’s pond........
McKnight’s pond.......-.
Columbus, Owen Pond............-
Corinth, Young’s DONG espe
Crystal Springs, Batton’s pond......
Flora, Lipscomb’s Pond... -eecet eee
Friar Point, Mississippi River.......
Hazlehurst, Crystal Lake...........
Fletcher's lake... <.-.5i9-scustst o 2b
Lake Havelsc...-+--.- scans ae
Marchetti’s lake........-.----.-+
Jackson, Spring Lake.........-.....
WillowARonud!s ....-..----sseeteene
Kosciusko, Bailey Lake.............
Meridian, Reed Brake Pond........

@ Rescued from overflowed lands and returned to original waters.

OO OO a

North Dakota:

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

CRAPPIE AND STRAWBERRY BASS—Continued.

Disposition.

Mississippi—Continued.

Pontotoc, Pontotoc Pond.........-.
Quincy, Bird’s pond................
Senatobia, Mitchell’s pond.........-
Water Valley, Otuckolofa Club Lake.

Missouri:

Aurora, Honey Creek...........-.-.
iBarime. Baring Lake... ..2...25254.

Grandview, Berry Pond.....-...-..

ROUGH OMG tee ic o.0 mien se eie cn ee
Kansas City, Weber’s pond......-.-.
Lathrop, High Point Lake..........

IMAKGMEONSONES 3 oo cac snc we eitteale
Lebanon, Mayfield’s pond.........-..
ILTRI GS JUTE UG 2) Se ey

Peirce City, Clear Creek...........-.
Pleasant Hill, Bond Lake...........
Potosi, Mineral Fork Creek..........
Rolla, Congressional Club Ponds....
Cowan’s pond
bri hyd ey os LE Bes ey ee ea ee
OzarkHake sesame need eee gee

New Mexico:

Artesia, Jerome’s pond............-.
Clayton, North Canyon Creek....-...
Haswell, Blue Lake... 222... .2.-2..:
Roswell, Haymaker’s pond.........

Mea ake otha seieeee eee

North Carolina:

Franklinton, Good Luck Pond......!
Hendersonville, Maybank’s lake. ...
Kinston, Carraway’s pond
Kittrell, Moore’s pond........--.---
Littleton, Johnston’s pond

Warren Pond
Louisburg, Jackson Pond...........
Roseboro, Great Swamp Pond......
Winston-Salem, Lake Katherine....

Bottineau, Lake McArthur.........
MON SUAS Ee oe neee oe aka tee
apon Wake. Jc 5 ieee en Sel Se

Devils Lake, Devils Lake....-......

Ohio:

Cambridge, City Lake...............

inte Mill Ponds «2 .25.<ose0 = eeAes
Chillicothe, Paint Creek..........-..
Cincinnati, Chapman’s pond...... 28

Stone Lick Creek.....-.......-....
Crestline, Sandusky River........-..
Midland City, Lake Stanislaus......
Morrow, Little Miami River........

Little Miami River, Todds Fork..
St. Marys, Lake St. Marys.......-..
Williamsburg, Little Miami River,

IDES MAL NGi? op So ee ee
Winchester, WhiteOak Creek .......
Oklahoma:

‘Ada, Shady Wake... 5.22. <ssesiieb
Agra, Robertson’s pond........-. 2
ATius; City takes sos. poco. te.5
Ardmore, Chickasaw Lake

Club Lakes se so aivea mace nies
‘Asher, White Bakes. 2s. 3S.0s5 6.202
Aydelot, Willow Lake..............
Bessie, Besler’s pond...............-
Boley, Wim baker sass. isseeciwes sk
Bristow, Jones’s pond............-..-
Byars, Byars Lake. J... fsck sJae2e 22

ake Harwawat sesussstesdele Sed

Lake Peavine < 289230 S228 s5t ost

ichards’s' pond es... 22 eects eeeee
Cement, Cooper’s pond..-...........

Number.

Disposition.

Oklahoma—Continued.
Choteau, Adkins Lake.............- 3

NUTS ys PONG seo o.oo eee
Cushie, Fleming’s pond............
Hlgin=Sawin’s pond... Jose seeenses
El Reno, Petrees Pond...........-...
Erick, Henke’s pond...............-
Mallissiiake Charlese--c ccc neene
Frederick, Godard Lake.............

Prainiesspring Lake... 9s sx ssse8

Slack Bakes -.2 seek See
GotebasEinton Lake. sees... seme

Minton/Lake:- 20. - $eeSesce eee
Gould) Dunean’s pond s2aeea see ose
Grandfield, Cassidy’s lake.........-.

Cottonwood Lake

Lake Willow:<-=.6208esecciscktisaaes
Granite; irion/s ponds -. > ..-- eases

Olds’s pond
Guthrie"Beetsiiake.pecen onc ss on

IndianWalker: 2 jsc2 sec nesses aeecel

SantarHeakelsos: asscssonae ee. ae

Seeleyssilakes*cco3: ono ep osetia

Walliams Waker os) Seer ae eae
Haworth, Hughes’s pond.........-.-.
Hickory, Canyon Lake...........---
Hobart, Bottom’s pond.........-...-

ittle Otter: Creeks. bo = .ssssece sane

Terry Lake: sooo teee se oe ase ee
IHLOllisssNells pond ioe se eee eee ee
Keystone, Dry Lake.-.-.---..:-:-.--
Kiowa, Kiowa Katy Lake..........-
Konawa, Autry’s pond............--

Bates’s pond! (Ah. - ees eens cere

Bates’s pond: (B)-..<2-.. stesso

TumperiRond’: <#2--2-- eee eee eee eee

Maxwell’s pond......... = Ree
Lone Wolf, Carson’s pond......-.---

Poline/s;pond 2.222 Sessa sees ae
Loveland, Dunbar Lake..-......--...
Mangum, Houpe’s pond.......-..-..-

Lake Orth

‘Rocher’s-poud': bss. 22-25.
Maramec, Maramec Lake...-.-...--.--

Pattison; SspOnG Sans meer a eae
Marlow, Roach Lake........-:-....-
Marshall, Otter Creek.......--..----
Mountain View, Kendrick Pond....
INSSE OIG ?S PONS 2 sis aa see
Newkirk: Club) Pond... 2:220-2-24 222

Rarroadebakese = sseec eck case
Oklahoma City, Armor’s pond...-...

Sandringham Lake........-..--...

Steanson’sponteee. oe ceaees eee
Oakwood, Mound Lake...........--
Owasso, Silver Lake...-...----225.-
Pawhuska, Bird Creek........-...--

Bird Creek, North Fork.........--
Perkins, Perkins; Ponda: s-435-Ge. 2
Perry, Parelis ponds. . a-asnn secs
Sapulpa, Anderson’s pond......--- t

ity Lake: =... seass- Semtscess sei

Euchre Lake. > -.--. bet soo eee

Moyer/sipondee spo... ene te

Moses’S{pond es taeemnaacocns=oteee

Rock iGreak: Ponds... = -6 sts se
Seminole, Grove Lake...........----

Roscoe’s pond... ..-

Templeton’s pond... -. or
Shattuck, Ivanhoe Lake.........-.--
Shawnee, Blue Valley Pond.......-.

MEN ol b72) <a ea I nee

Matid ake a2 oc cs.- cnn tates
Stillwater, Chandler’s pond.....--.-.

Cltysh Gad eee sie mens onsen

Dack?s Ponds. sa: sins a4 deere ses

Masketiwhoud.<.02- =. a-ncses tere

WWelly7Sspond as.c2.0¢ ange act avez

LOowry’S) pond. ©. 32... «ceeabbeaeitaae

Westbrook’s pond:i.2s-.¢.052524-

61

Number.

62

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

CRAPPIE AND STRAWBERRY BASS—Continued.

Disposition.

Oklahoma—Continued.

Stillwater, Willow Lake...........--

Vost Lakec oj ccvescscsee er enerees
Stroud, Silver Pond. .i). esc: 22 2s e.<-
Tecumseh, Drake Lake.........----

Nichols hake-scsce oan seein arent

Parker Wake: socckt occ -ceneee soa

Santa He Lake: 2-5 sates ncetaviee ste
Walter, Parish’s pond.........-..-.--
Wanette, West’s pond............--
Wilburton, Newsom’s pond......-..

Pennsylvania:
Altoona, Juniata River..........-..--
Ephrata, Cocalico Creek...........--
Lancaster, Conestoga Valley Pond-.

Waterworks Pond........-.--..---
La Plume, Keewanee Pond.....-.---

Manataka Pond.....-../22J226.2--
Rushland, Neshaminy Creek. ....---
Waterford, Lake LeBoeuf........-.--

South Dakota:
Lake Andes, Lake Andes........---
Madison, Lake Madison. .
Pulkwane, Red ake: 722) 2s ss.
Scotland, James River..-....-...-.---
Sioux Falls, Brant Lake...-......-..-

Tennessee:
Collierville, Daffodil Pond.........--
Estill Springs, Elk River.........---
Elk River Mill Pond. .......=-..--
Hickory Valley, Terpedega Pond....
MeMinnville, Barren Fork Creek. ---
WollinsiBiven: s.25 =... be ses A N-s sete
Memphis, Peter Pond: =... 72.5.7
Sinks ponds: 202. ce. - Pe eee nes
Milan, Black Jack Pond...........--
Oliver Springs, Valley View Pond...
Shelbyville, Duck River
MYM e’s PONG. 20 5e- sees de sees
Springfield, Babb’s pond
Red River, Sulphur Fork.......-.
Tellico Plains, Lake Tellico.......-.

Texas:

Alvarado, Lake View........-....--
Annona, Snow Lake.............-.--
Atlanta; srushPond 2... sees sess

Johnsons pond’ s. susiuiece 22st
Bagwell, Gin Lake..........-.....--
Baird, Hancock’s pond..........----

Murmers Pong: wks ssee dock SSS e
Big Springs, Lucian Wells Lake.....
Blossom, Brickyard Pond........--.
Bogata, Griftin. Lake... ..<.t2setee a

Bonham, Johns Estill Repose Lake..

Steren spond... 2.22 Saco eees

Burton, Jaroszwesky’s pond.........

iWatson’s pond..;. 320. Lisi. .ee
Caldwell, Elizabeth Lake

Guim Lak6scesctens coe oseene eee
Hitchcock's: ponda sit psc et
Center Point, Guadalupe River...-.
Clarksville, Allen’s pond..........-.
Country Club Lake...............
Dim PIGMAEG ac. encoces wuts se
IVOTLAKO)s acne occ bated cee
Comfort, Holiday Creek............-
Corsicana, Derden’s pond.........-.
Mrost PONG seek cee. cats obtee oe
Magnolia Pond... i. eosie. Hus
Crockett, Beeson Pond........-...-

Red

Grannis |Creekj.)2,2 5207 toe3 35.1034
Hake Mask-iisss heswsstesseces xace
Saterwhite’s pond........-.-..-.-
Smith Dakewcwccescecescuctsaetes
Dallas, Highland Lake...:........-.
Del Rio, Devils River.......-.....-.
Deport, Old West Brook Pond......

Number.

Disposition.

Texas—Continued.

Detroit, Brickyard Pond........-...-
Grasslands Pond: ).-..- 2. s4-<'4em
Edgewood, King’s lake........-.---
El Paso, Cement Lake............--
Fort Worth, Fossil Lake.........-..-
Fruitvale, Hazel’s pond...........--
Gatesville, Leon River.....-.-.-.-.-
Plum Creek-. -. eee een ee eee
Georgetown, San Gabriel River. ..-.
Gilmer, Buie Lake. .....222.2..22.25
Flag Lake by a esate etebde Ge ple Saas eee
Smith Lake.--c2s a-s2 eee eae
Graford, Doan’s pond 5
Rider Lake: = =.=. heeeaeese serene
Grand Saline, Bermuda Grove Pond.

Grandview, Country Club Lake...-.
Grapeland, Clear Lake........------
Horods Lake:.:...-.-s.-2-+.c2neee
Howard's pond 22. 25222. 6-be eee
Spring, Wake! 4: -c.-2.2 22/5) eee
Round Lake: !. 5.55. eeeane tee
Greenville, City Pond.........------
Eulsey’s pond 24 steer oe se eee
Hawkins, Little Sandy Club Lake. .
Treland, Laxson’s pond =~... pees
Jacksonville, Allis Lake........-..--
Alexander’s:lake:....-25-2.ss<see8
Boles Wake: . 25. 2ic 02s c-2-eeneeees
Canon’sTake=-c-:5.2 3-tee as sets
Sory’s lake! =...2806: sneer soe
Jermyn, Roberts’s pond.........-.--
Jewett, Lake Estelle............--.-
Kerrville, Guadalupe River...-....--
Walhrmind’s ponds. - 20. -eee
Laredo, Wormses Pond........-..--
Longview Junction, T. & P. Lake..-
Marshall, Annie Lake.....-...-...--
ern Leaf Lake: ....-. 5% 20. 222oe3
Melvin, Valley Lake.-....-....----.-
Menard, Las Moras Creek..-.....-.--
San:SabatRiver:. .ac0s-. sere soar
South Elm. Creek.) = 22t2e52 222s
Wallick Laker.) i025. case <apee
Water Hole Lake..........---.-.:
Mesquite, Dallas Mesquite Lake-..-..
ake HAZOLS Joc acecec snkceeseee
Mineral Wells, Lake Pinto. .........
McCracken’s pond 3} no otltoe ase
McCracken’s pond (B)..-....------
Slaughter Creek:....... see. u-beens
Wratson’s pond. 22)... 2... se eee
New Boston, McGee Lake. -...---.--
Omaha, Hayes’s pond........-...--
Palestine, Bowen Lake. .--.----.-----
Braughton hake. eae esses eean
‘Brush Lake... .stestveres tere ee
East Side Park Lake.........--.-.
Elkhart Lake
Guinn’s pond
Buff Laket-2e2.cec2
Leach Lake..........-
Sand Laker sace-eete cect
Satine Lakers sssse-5-2---~ 2225-8
South Side. Lake. ...........-06.4
Spring Wakes. os... 8.2 Jee
Spring Parks Lake... ...4....2onee.
ThOMOASHUGEO p<. <a. a -\)5 2 eee eee
Willow Dake... 260.25. sch eareeen
Paris, Crowley Pond..........-..-.-
Holt’s RIOR ioc waa oo woe erie lee ei
Pearsall, Geyer’s pond............-.
Petty, Beville’s pond..............:
Rutherford’s pond. -... ists weer
Pilot Point, Peel’s pond.........-.-.
Rock Crusher, Rock Crusher Lake. .
Round Rock Brushy Creek....+/s043
Rugby, Griffin Lake. .........22:.:.

Sabinal, Onion Creek... JHsc5 45 eee

Number.

:
:

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

CRAPPIE AND STRAWBERRY BASS—Continued.

63

a Rescued from overflowed lands and returned to original waters.

> Lost in transit, 1,156.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Texas—Continued. Wisconsin—Continued.

San Marcos, Cape’s pond............ 200 Blair, Trempealeau Pond.........-- 300
Redwood:Pond = ...c2 292.322. 48 Brokaw, Battle Creek..............- 400
San Marcos River......-..----.--- 4,000 Brokawerondi sn 28 ae 8S eee 200

San Saba, Barnett Creek...........- 35 TYADDREVIVELE ose 32 5S See noses 400

Sherman, Vaden Lake.............. 100 Cablepiastmeakess.s. csc. os cneeeee 300

Strawn, Palo Pinto Creek........... 70 Centuria, Poplar Lake....-.-.-.-.-- 120

ae s ae Jocgue-oemenson 35 Donaldson, Porcupine Lake......... 50

letcher’s pond. ...........--..-.- 70 Fountain City, Mississippi River....- a 194,660
Midland Lake..............-.....- 35 Genoa, Mississippi River........-..- a 50,000
Texarkana, Davis Lake............. 150 Go x
y , Loon Bardomlakers- soc 00 fe. 600
Spring Lake. ....-....--....-.-... 150 || La Crosse, Mississippi River.........| « 160,000
ia, Round Lake.............--.. 150 Ladysmith, Bass Wakert< +. sta. 200
myler, Chinquapin igee ida | eee esata 200
denen ee eee a ee aC eeie io ake yPOlaski ey see en sa a 23 Re 200
itts Mill Pond................--. 70 Lake Stephenson 200
Rowland’s pond..2222.221111) 5 || (Ul vicyille, Minsisthan ibis seal sal el @ekOOD

Vande Leona River 70 || Menomonie, Cedar lees ek, "100

“5 a eeinarttts fe pe ieee eG es Ero

Weatherford, Holland's take. 2-200 00 |) Santas Bend Tees Tose a
elfare, Joshua Creek ......----...- 150 : LAL cde air ates

Willis, Howell’s pond.....-.1..-1 11. 35 ee enn aerate RG a

Wills Point, Beauty Pond. <<... 100 || Red Cedar River. 122.2. 7002000 100

odson Lake... 20.020 H De ive PARC s.r eS 100
Tain IG UR enece cade canis ber 100 Stumpy abate es) ate 100
ee en eke eh ete EE ae Nebagamon, Lake Nebagamon ...... 600

See ea yak et Mult i Norrie, Bass Lakes: 00/0208 a 200
EakerGoodnirht 2. 235.8 92.0235.2 100 F f
Lake Howell....----........... do, poner Rene TARO << -2-eienrs wachoats ao
Mako Osborrie... 1... 2.0250 -2400. 150 {I Bing Hive PER na a
i, INGUECIVer ose s65 280 bers 400
Lake Perry ...-..-------+-+-+--+-% 100 Rice Lake, "Deer Lake........--- ts 200
ake mheodores..)- 2 = 22202984! 150 F 2
Lake William.................--.. 150 TAR Teen crenoacs aan as an
Moss Lake. .-----..2-2.2+2.2.2.++- 100 | Raspberry Laise 2.22222 0220200. 200
WillowsPond toes) Sand tee et 100 Rice Lake....-.----------++-+-+-- 200
Woodland Lake 902.2222222.202) 100 |) Silver Lake. s.2-2020.0.2. 2s. 200
—— Butterfield’s pond......... 35 fa eecbin TER ree eee i
irginia: SCE a Re a OE

Burhans Wharf, Haley Mill Pond.. 20 |i; eactellz, Ackerman LAR e so: docs: ae

Clarksville, Green Pond............- 80 oe Springs, Lake St. Croix......- 600

Cullen, Robertson’s pond........... 80 aradise Lake. ...-.-.. S243 ESE: 600

Ford, Coleman’s mill pond.......... 80 Bparts Mission Bend Lake....-. sees 300

Franklin City, Powell’s mill pond.. 120 Three Lakes, Little Moccasin Lake. - 50

Front Royal, Barnett’s pond........ 20 || Tomahawk, Bass Lake..-.--.......- oy

Glen Allen, Chickahominy Pond... 40 Trempealeau, Mississippi River. .--- @ 182,515

Harrisonburg, Eversole Pond....... 40 || Turtle Lake, Horseshoe Lake. ....-. 200

Meadow, Rosecrest Farm Pond..... 40 Lower Turtle Lake....--.-------- 200

ost City tae Be cer eth Eakekoel ares 100

ton), Club.Wake. 2.220253. 223282 80 Uy Seo per SUES Oc
Waterview Pond.................. 200 Wascott, Red) Lake... .. leh: acess 600
Valoy Mall Pond. .5. 082 Meso 80 Wausau, Borax Creek...-..--.------ 200

BASIE, Lake Warden. is-cee sean 120 ist Clair aby we eeeee tere eee eee aa

RCSA GARE Si occrn nicrcterevare LIE 80 unmore Creek .....--.-----------

Neblett’s end SER SET 80 Lake Wausau.......-.------------ 300

The Plains, Goose Creek............ 360 Rib Lake...........-+.----------- 200

West — ia: Lochgelly, Williams’s ee rae wee ene e cen e eee n nee hee a
ALE eee 9 150 oad Lake. . nesses test tes.

isconsin: Short Portage Lake..........-.-.- 200

Amery, Clare Lake.............----- 200 Wonewoc, Tank Pond.........-.-.- 390
WidDOPSSEEIHOUAKO 80 oe. eccwe Jel 200

Bennett, Lake Munising..........-.. 600 Total’ bis cs sedee oe Meee 1,565, 072

LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS.
. Alabama: Alabama—Continued.

Abbeville, McCalls Mill Pond........ 1,500 Brewton, Brickyard Pond.........- +3, 000

Aliceville, Cunningham Lake....... 1, 000 Burnt Camm Creek ..3.; =. 26-52 +5, 000
Gardner Lake.......-...-- vy 1, 500 Canoe, Gordon Spring Pond........ 4, 000

Ashby, Six Mile Creek. Z 24 Carrollton, Central Springs Pond.... 60

Ashland, Axton Lake............... 1, 000 Sapps Valley Lake.....-...-..-.-. 1, 500

Birmingham, City Lake............ 40 || Castleberry, Bell Pond +2, 000

Brent, Tucker Pond................ 150 |, Thames Pond..........--- +2, 000

64

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

Disposition.

Alabama—Continued.

Centerville, Avery Lake.....- Brose
Cooper Lake.......... Cae See eRie=
Dighteay Wako cc: cece seat ee

Coopers, Horse Creek......-....----

Courtland, Big Nance Creek.....-..
Moumntam Wake, > 52 ios. 33- 2...

Decatur, Beaver Lake........-.-----
Canine eee Geen

Eoline, Hobson’s pond......--------

Eutaw, Choctaw Pond.........-..--

Evergreen, Cane Brake Creek... -.--

Florala, Lake Jackson .....-..--.---
Taker Wilhamoes sees ec oe ccm ene

Florence, Cypress Creek......-------

Fort Mitchell, Cantey’s pond.......-

Fort Payne, Little River.......-----

Gastonburg, Vincent Pond.....-....-
Geneva, Choctawhatchee River. . --.
Goodwater, Goodwater Pond...-.-.-
Gordon, Bazemore Mill Pond......-
Gurley, Hurricane Creek......-.---.-
Headland, Shady Lake......-..--.-

Three Cornered Pond.......------
Hillsboro, Quarry Pond......-...----
Huntsville, Indian Creek......--.-.-
J acksonville, Browns Pond.....----
Foness Kelly Pong ss622 2s nee
Lawley, Okmulgee Pond.......-----
Letohatchie, Bullock Pond...-..----

Guy2S pond seceessaee ee were

Sanderson’s pond ...:.------------
Lineville, Lake Mae..........-------

Worthy’ spond oss shesschestee ==
Mockhart, Still!Pond +222: -s+-5--5-=
Luverne, Campbell’s pond......----

Kendrick-Ruff Lake.......-.-----

Montgomery Lake. ...........----
Shooting Club Lake...........--..-
Whetslenes' Lake: 2: 3.0) 2023222-4-
Mountain Creek, Arnold’s pond...-.
Oneonta, Armstrong Creek........--
Black Warrior River.........-----
Opelika, Wetumpka Creek........-.-
Ozark, Weeks’s pond ......2-25-222
Patsburg, McNeill’s pond.........-.
Pine Hill, Indian Creek.........-.-.-
Ramer, Collier’s pond.....---2-2:.--
LAT CUP ON OEE ao oie. auiermtsscis ists
OlMes!S Onde nce t es weeee sete
Wallen sipOndon j-cateacs oe ceces
Riderwood, Lake Choclahona.......
Roanoke, ele ie pond. ee oes
Wsery’ Sond. <0. /asntaceeametone
Scottsboro, Gossett Creek......-.---
Selma, Harper-Melton Lake.......-.-
Silver Weil Lake

Tyson, Farrior’s pond..............-
Fleming Uakesrs) e220. s eres
Bones WakOs. 5. ustsaeewcse lee toee
WPyson Wakes... vce s oneeetk as othe
Williams bake soe 20 mrercion io si een

Union Springs, MTN Ponties seo
Rosenstihl’s pond.......-.......--

Number.

Disposition.

Alabama—Continued. ;
Uniontown, Cherokee Pond.......-.
Vinegar Bend, Mill Pond.........-..

Wellington, Cowden’s pond........-

York, Mellown’s pond...-....------

Arizona:
Flagstaff, Mormon Lake.......-.-.--
Geronimo, Wightman Ranch Lake...
Gleed, Horseshoe Pond..-...-...-.----
Globe, Roosevelt Lake..........-:.-
Holbrook, Thomas’s pond.........-
Morenci, fagle River... --- cee
Winslow, Clear Creek

Arkansas:

Arlberg, Little Red River
Atkins, Whiteside Pond. .......-.--
Bellefonte, Crooked Creek
Huzzah Creek.c |, 05.12. eee
Benton, Saline River...............-
Black Rock, Black River. ........--
Conway, Owen Lake..........-....-
Daggett, Cache River.............-.
Dardanelle, Oakdale Lake
Earle, Lake Beautiful
QOutzen’s Lake!-.2.1. |... 5. sepa
Edgemont, Little Red River. ......-
Elba, Little Red River
Elkins, Mountain Lake
Fairmon, Fish Creek...........-.-.-
Fayetteville, Richland Creek......-.
White River. oc..s52.<o-o Bee
White River, Middle Fork.......-
White River, West Fork
Gilbert, Buffalo River.....-.-.2eeee-
Harrison, Crooked Creek.........---
Hartford, Boteau River, Jim Fork..
Heber Springs, Little Red River..--
Helena, Lake Solomon............--
Higden, Little Red River......-....
Hiwassee, Brinegar’s pond....--
Hughes Belle Meade Lake. -
Leslie, Little Red River..........---
Little Rock, Spring Lake. ........--
Luna Landing, Lake Chicot.......--
Malvern, Baugh’s pond...-......-.--
Miller, Little Red River............-
Oakvale, Little Red River........--
Ozark, Turner’s pond 4. <--233-92ee
Patmos, Lafferty Lake............--
Pine Bluff, Atkins Lake. -......-.--
Poe, Little Red River..-.--.3:eeaae
Rogers, Osage Creek............-.--+
Rottaken, Big Lake.........-1---.2
Clear: Creek oo: 3554545 eee
Fourche ‘Bayou... 9s. 2 s-2ee
Grassy Walkke seciiiivar. asters. & 2s
Horseshoe: bake sono ee seek
Kykendall Lake-eacss-eas ess caer
Lorance Creek..........- sie aS
Maple. Creek <0 op ac ans nos Saeed ee
Pennington Bayou....-.-....-----
WOME BRYON. freee soe oct Coun ae eee
Rumley, Little Red River.......--.-
Sandiff, Little Red River.........--
Scotts, Chenault Lake.............--
Fletcher Lake........-.
Hill Lake.......
Horseshoe Lake. . -

PLUM Bayou cs ccc cccs deem eeeee
Scotts Bayou wc... ssa edeeboe eens
Steole’s lake... ........2. ese doee
Shirley, Little Red River.........--
Sprin dale, Brush’ Croeks2.4220ee eee
Walker Lake, «cus Scobie eeee
Walnut Spring Lake.............-

Number.

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 65

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
|

Arkansas—Continued. Georgia—Continued.
Stamps, Stamps Lake..........-.... 48 Atlanta, Clara Meer Lake..........- 475
Texarkana, Hubert Lake........... 20 Mesiibabey eb. utente aaa +4, 000
PineMMeMak Ose: < oeleeecidsctsisrssh 30 Lake Wyanoke. .....-.5---\)1-.--- 3, 000
Shornton, Pine Lake ...- 2.2/5... 50 Piedmont Park Lake... .....-02-5. 4,000
Moltec, Mound Lake....:5.22)--<. 60 Augusta, Carmichael Pond.......-. 450
Waldo, Clear Wake... s-ssccc0-../- 60 Austell, Sweetwater Creek. ....- Set 4,000
CRTOSSVPUARO 527.5 -n0 = anos 5 - = aclcj/5< 60 Beach, Moore’s pond.....--...-..-.: 150
Colorado: Bellville, Briarwood Pond. ......... 500
Brandon, Chivington Lake.......... 300 Bishop, Appalachee River. ........-. 5, 000
Calhan, South Butte Reservoir... ... 95 Parkaker eo ltowensacciseascv cee 1,500
HonnpiPonds)-_. 0. 2-2-.-52.6 3 95 Blythe, Palmer Ponds. J.526 4.02 100
Denver, Lakewood Lakes..... 95 Boneville, Johnson’s pond..........-. 150
Durango, Animas River.-........ ‘ 246 Boston, Lako) Pond. --...2-2..2--.2 1, 500
Fort Logan, Rucker Lake........... 380 Bowdon, Maple Pond..............- 100
Haswell, Blue Lakes................ 500 Box Springs, Lake Mohignac.......-. 4,000
Holly, Bear Creek Pond..-.......... 95 Bremen, Nelson’s pond. ........-.-- 2,000
Mastelopevk onde. si. 26 soccehnemee 95 Byron, Lower Pond...........--.--. 4,000
WOHBSTOWMS PONS. = oss 5<0 feelers 95 Cartersville, Callaway’s mill pond... 2, 000
Lamar, Two Buttes Lake........... 1, 425 Jackson: Creek. ue sod a ree 3, 000
Las Animas, Blue Lake............. 475 Jackson) Mill Pond) 25322022 soaa22 2,000
Loveland, Southside Lake. ......... 40 RiaccooniCreckse see ses soc ee eee 2,000
Nepesta, Dotson Lake...........-... 285 ReGvesHMAK Cn asece cemeteries 1,500
Nyburg, Setters Lake............... 285 Stamp) Greekit sas ste ees aes 3, 000
Palmer Lake, Palmer Lake. ........ 100 Cecil Kings Pond sf icon sociremceee 1,000
Pueblo, Goodnight Pond S53. eeeoe 190 Chula, Pate Mill Pond............. 1,500
IA VOCHMUAKEeE ito at o Ss sane sere 285 Cuthbert, Butler Pond.............. 2, 000
Rocky Ford, Sugar Club Lake...-.. 475 Coleman} Pond. 253-4. Ssee tesek 2,000
palidas Davy Lakes: .o.052 56. ecc2 se. 190 Cox's pond thus Je sck ests sine sacs 3, 000
Sterling, Point of Rocks Lake....... 380 Daivis!si pond sees eae eee see 3, 000
Connecticut: Biles pond) aks 23a ee 2,000
Canaan, Long Pond.............-..- 80 Hoods! Bonds 2c. sse-see-2 s+ ossae 2, 000
PUWVETR LIKOS oo oo aheerei tase mStislsa% 240 Wade'sipond= 22. ethee sees 2,000
East Lyme, Cedar Lake............. 120 Dacula, Alcova River Pond...-....-. 210
Patarausett) Lake... j..s25 eu. ces 120 Dalton, Swamp Creek +3, 000
Hartford, Mountain Creek........... 150 Eton, Holly Creeks... 8) 5uE es: ase 3, 000
Norwalk, Crystal Lake.............. 100 Mill Creeks 222 ose ek ee BG, 3, 000
Tariffville, Nash Pond:.... 150 || Gibson, Smith Branch 500
Wallingford, Quanipaug Lak Mu 225 Greensboro, Bowden Pond. : 900
Waterbury, Pearl Lake......2...... 400 Griffin, Clearwater Pond a 350
West Willington, Hockey Lake..... 200 Hahira, Gaskins’s pond 1, 200
Delaware: Haralson, Swygert’s pond 700
Delaware City, Scotch Run Lake.... 200 Hogansville, Flat Creek 3, 000
Laurel, Records Lake............--. 300 Jonesboro, Chambers Pond 3,000
Florida: Jesters Old Mill Lake 4,000
SBAECOW:, GKOUA DMS on. oe scireninsieuice 1,000 Kibbee, Adams’s pond 75
Rakewboulat (<2. tuccm scene sco - = 1,000 Lake Park, Lake Francis...........- 1,500
Lake Garfieldiae... <5 dae). nrs5ee5 1, 500 Ocean) Ponisi. teste cece eens 1,500
Bascom <Piney: Ponds... cde =e 1,500 Zara Ponds: sis Ace seen 1,500
Davenport, Lake Buckeye.......... 1,515 Lumpkin, Bladen Creek Pond....-. 2, 000
De Funiak Springs, Blue Pond. .... 1,000 iRerkins’s;pondl 22 ee. sete ees 3, 000
Florence Villa, Lake Conine...-..... 1, 200 Womberly Mill Pond. .......--.-. 2,000
MaKe WIOISG ..\.. oss wien ce eeu oe 1, 200 McIntyre, Edgars Pond............. 2,000
MaKOP WANN). 2 oseac22 = caer setts 1, 200 Manchester, Manchester Mill Pond.. 3, 000
ake-Hailton:. .)- <5. -j<—secedeeaes 1, 200 Meigs, Parmer’s pond..............- 1,000
WAKCMMCCINO ...- 2-52. e--s-22- 5 <n 1,000 Moultrie, Ladson’s pond. .......... 2,000
WAKO S Mathes. 2sn = coisas 52 ees 1, 200 Ocilla, Paulk’s pond... 2.--.2-.-5- 1,000
LOLS] 0500 07 ee ee ee oer ove 1, 200 Omaha, Brown Pond...-...-....- 2,000
Geneva, Buck Lake.......-.--.-..-. 2,000 Palmetto, Johnson’s pond........... 2,000
Mohawk, Juanata Wake. .5-22-s2-5-< 2,000 iPavo, Adams Ponds sae nesses eee 2,500
Orlando, Big Sand Lake...........- 2, 500 Quitman, Blue Ponds eee 1,000
Perry Whiddon’s pond...........-. 30 Raymond, Raymond Lake......--. 6, 000
Pine Castle, Lake Conway. ....-.--- 3, 000 Reidsville, Beasley’s pond. ......... 500
1,070 Rockingham, Johnson Mill Pond.... 1,000
1, 024 Rome, Rotary) Vakei-.... 222.2252. 1,000
Summerfield, Little Lake Weir-....-. 2,000 Roseland Station, Brickyard Lake.. 4,000
Tallahassee, Buck Lake............- 1,750 Sandersville, Johnson’s pond........ 100
Digi es ee so a a 1,750 Screven, Brady’s pond.............. 1,500
Tampa, Strawberry Lake........... 1,500 Shellman, Crittenden’s pond........ 1,500
Mavares; Lake Dorag-csscs vente.) <i 500 Hart’sipandus. 5 Sates es ee 1,500
Windermere, Lake Butler........... 1,500 Siloam, Boswell’s pond.......-..-..- 300
Wake: Downes’) 5. sts se 520/52 +2%1< 1,500 Social Circle, Stanton’s pond........ 1,500
Georgia: Sparta, Archer’s pond.............- 150
Alston, Southside Pond............. 1,000 Sycamore, Donohoo Gin Pond...... 500
Arlington, Plantation Pond......... 3, 000 Trion, Riegel’s pond.....-.....-...- +3, 000
Ashburn, Kerce Mill Pond.......... 1,000 IROUNGEPENd se ieee vk claenee aie 1, 000
Rock House Pond................ 1,000 Valdosta, Bentley Pond.........-.- 1,000
Shingler’s pond .... «=a aeseeeekes 800 Jo RieiRand sigchec.sstss tee meee 1, 500
Wihiddon:Lake::255) 3. .-scccscc a5 3,000 Mani S ROMs tio 252 sacs oe wala 2,000
Athens, Brooks’s pond...........-.. 1,000 Vidalia, Swift Creek...............- 2, 000

66 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.
LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition.
Georgia—Continued. Indiana—Continued.
Vienna, Gregory’s pond.......-..... 150 Crete, Jessup Mill Pond............-
Warm Springs, Thomas’s pond... .. 85 Culver, Lake Maxinkuckee...-.......
White Plains, Humphrey’s pond.... 100 Dugger, Sunflower Lake............-
Jernigan’s pond —~ =, udu asesk 600 Edinburg, Sugar Creek.....-.....-.-
Willacoochee, Clara Pond. .......... 75 || English, Little Blue River...-..-..-
Hetcher’s pond. =. see raa lage 1,500 Evansville, Evensmere Pond.......-
Moore's pond: ./-. <-ncin-seneee eee! 1,500 Infirmary, Lakes) -2- ces) ens eeee ee
Paul's PonG = shee sasha. au eee ee 1,500 Greenfield, Sugar Creek......---.---
Woodbury, Betts Pond............. +2, 000 Huntingburg, Ferdinand Lake......
Wrens, Armstrong’s pond..........- 1,500 Indianapolis, Ben Hur Pond...-...--
Wrightsville, Ohoopee Creek .....-- 300 Fall Creek. -2c ete ieee ee
Tllinois: Kendallville, Tamarack Lake. ..--.-
Alpha, Crescent Lake.....-..-.-...: 700 La Grange, Long Laker 2.5. ee
Anna, Sitter’s lake.....-.- 2024-4454 200 Royer Lake: 22.22 02-2 eee ee
Apple River, Apple River........-- 390 South Twin ake:’: 252 2eeecae
Barstow, Rock River... 2.2.2 4520% 400 Largo, Wabash River........-------
Belleville, Club Pond......-..-..--- 300 Leesburg, Tippecanoe Lake..--.-.---
Brighton, Stubblefield Lake......-.- 120 Wena, AlmaiPond.252.0l. 52a
Brownfield, Rainbow Lake......-.. 300 Diberty, Wily Ponds 2: ees eee
Carterville, Crain Lake. ............- 600 Logansport, Kline’s pond....-.------
Centralia, Lake Centralia........... 750 Lake Chicott-=.- 22 eee
Chieaco, Aquarinim.;. 2... 22) ee 25 Michigan City, Vail Mill Pond...-.--
Christopher, Harrison’s pond....... 150 Milton, Butler Creek.........-------
Ralein's pond). ok seen eee Ly 200 Martindale Creek..........--------
Council Hill, Fever River........... 224 Simons Creek ss es eee
Crystal Lake, Crystal Lake........- 1,000 Whitewater River, Greens Fork...
Dallas City, Lake Cooper.........-- a 192 Whitewater River, Nolans Fork. -
Edwardsville, St. Claire Pond.....-.. 1,000 Whitewater River, West Fork...-
Effingham, Ewington Pond......... 200 Monticello, Honey Creek....-.---.---
Elizabeth, Apple River........-..-: 2,772 Pike) Cregkcet see auaren yas on pees
Farmer City, Salt Creek............ 40) Muncie, Gravel Pit Pond......---.--
Farmington, Howell’s pond......... 90 New Albany, Indian Creek...-....-.-
Franklin, Burlington Lake.......-.. 120 New Carlisle, Hudson Lake..-..-..-.--
Galena, Mississippi River.....---... @ 8,000 Ockley, Gravel Pit Pond........-..-
Galesburg, City Lake........-...... 40 Otisco, Fourteen Mile Creek....-.---
Gilchrist, Continental Lake......... 300 Pendleton, Fall Creek........-...---
Hillsboro, Hill-Morrow Pond....... 60 Pierceton, Webster Lake.......-.---
Irving, Wilson’s pond..........----. 120 Plymouth, Pretty Lake............-
Iuka, Oakwood Lake........-.....- 300 Ray, Cleariveake s:2s=2 ie eee ns
Lebanon, Siegel’s pond-..-..--.-..-- 300 Long Lakers 2 shee acess dates
Marshall, Spring Lake..............- 60 OUD GM akesmee scot nomen comes
Meredosia, Meredosia Bay....-.-.--. a95 Rockport, Hooppole Creek.....-..--
Millington, Fox River..........-.... 80 Sellersburg, Belknap Lake. ..-......-
Moline, Power Pond...............- 720 Globe Wakes Voce ea ee
Monmouth, Country Club Lake....- 90 Seymour, White River, East Fork. .
Illinois Central Pond........-....- 90 Terre Haute, Kolsem’s pond.......-
Murphysboro, Stecher’s lake. -.-...- 80 Tipton, Shadyside Pond ::=2:: ae
Nora uals Tiversvi59-/5.3 aa 624 Valparaiso, Flint Lake...........-..
North anover, Apple River. j 308 ong Lakes: 2: #25242.. s Bo
O’ Fallon, Birch Spring Pond. ines ¢ 100 Veedersburg, Patton Lake.
Red Bud, Red Bud Lake.......-... 300 Walcottville, Dallas Lake......-...-
Sylvan Lake .2)......biee sce: 300 Walkerton, Koontz Lake......-..---
Rodden, Apple River.............-- 154 Walton, Kesling’s pond....-..--..--
Roodhouse, City Reservoir. -.--....-.- 300 Washington, Zinkan’s pond.......-.-.
Salem, City Lake........ swe syebe 400 || Iowa:
Scales Mound, Fever River.........- 312 Anamosa, Buffalo River-..-.-.---.--
Shawneetown, Gregory Memorial Bellevue, Mississippi River....-..-.-
PODG oor eY =p eee a nlncet Sees 150 Boone, Des Moines River....-..--..--
Okerson’s mill pond............... 150 Central City, Buffalo River.-..-...-
Shelbyville, Kaskaskia River....-.- 40 Clear Lake, Clear Lake.....-........
Stockton, Plum River-../. 220.5 40-0 266 Creston, Summit Lake..........-..-
Trenton, Carr’s pond.<./.ten0-eolece 150 Des Moines, Buxton Pond...-.-..-..
Hanke’silake. sacs dik wfouoskal£ 300 Eldora, Iowa River....-..---..---.-
Troy, Reider’s pond........ 2-00) Le 200 Fairfield, Adams’s MONG har ssacdeee
Warren, Apple River......-.-..-.-- 1,950 Fairfield Pond.............-.-.---
Indiana: Rryman’s ponds sissse iss 22.
Alexandria, Englewood Pond.....-. 75 Fairport, Mississippi River...-.-..-.-
Angola, Loon Lake............0..0- 150 || Knoxville, City Pond...............
Batesville, Waterworks Pond....... 120 Lime Springs, Upper Iowa River....
Bremen, Lake of the Woods.......-- 150 Manchester, Maquoketa River.......
Bruceville, Brantlinger’s pond...... 80 Maynard, Volga River, South Branch
Centerpoint, Steuerwald’s pond... .- 100 Monticello, Maquoketa River.......
Churubusco, Gandy Pond..........- 100 Nashua, Big Cedar River..........--
Corydon, Buck Creek. .....-.--.-.-: 800 Nevada, Dayton Park Lake.........
Engleman’s pond........-:-.--..= 100 North McGregor Mississippi River. .
Bllver Lakes). ....<<-t pubes cee 400 Onawa, Blue Lake.......50..5...002
Crandall, Indian Creek......-......- 300 Osceola, Rarike’s pond...........--.

a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.

a

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

67

Disposition.

Towa—Continued. ;
Steamboat Rock, Iowa River. .-....-
Story City, Lake Co-Mar.........-.-
Washington, Highland Park Lake. -
West Burlington, Railroad Pond....

Kansas:

Chanute, Allen Lake.............---
Edwardsville, Cement Lake
Lake of the Forest ..........:..---
Elk Falls, Elk River...............-.
Fort Scott, Bridal Veil Lake......-.
Sheeler fides) eet une oe
Girard, Allison’s pond.....-......--
Havana, Santa Fe Lake.............
Huron, Anthony Farm Pond.......
Pittsburg, Embree Pond.......-..--
Richmond, Santa Fe Lake.........-
Soldiers Home, Lake Jeannette-....--
Topeka, Berry Creek.......... eats
MOADCLESUIIAKO. 2325.02 00 eb se.

Kentucky:
Allensville, Mosely Pond.........-.--
Anchorage, Reel’s pond........-----
Blackey, Kentucky River, North
MOLK: ssseassonccusseu etek See
Brandenburg, Adams’s pond...-.-.-
Algood’s pond.............
Cain Pon
Dowden’s pond........ Bi
Maninitie’s PONG es oss o.5-505 =
Himnper spond 2255.5. 220 ba. Sa
MOWMIES OME. scot abeeose
MecHITe!S/ PONG... 2.5... . 0228925
Moreman’s pond (A).............-
Moreman’s pond (B).........---.-
Rests pond joc 2.2 esc e os
Richardson’s pond......-..-.-.----
Sims Pond
Butler, People’s pond...............
Cadiz, Little River, Sinking Fork...
Campbellsville, Rice’s lake........-.-
East View, Nolin River............. |
Ekron, Albert Lake................. |
Cleat Wakessane ne ese eI 23

Franklin, Peden Pond.............-
Georgetown, Hall’s pond............
North Elkhorn Creek....-...-.... |
Glasgow, Baird’s pond....-
Jones’s pond.........
Gracey, Wilson Pond....
Greensburg, Green River..
Guthrie, Bland’s pond.............-
Hodgenville, McDowell’s pond......
ale Hayes Pond.....-.-:-
Kildav, Cumberland River, Clover
Od ae Ae ees
Kuttawa, Cumberland River........
La Grange, Royal Inn Lake.........
Lakeland, pariee Takers sr). 23
Louisville, Cedar Springs Lake... ...
Wloyds;Merkeesae so. -- 28. PL.
Harrods Greeks oan s 123. eo.
McBrayer, Salt River..............-
Madisonville, City Lakes............
Mount Sterling, Bush Pond.........
Tipton’s pond..... te hos SOE oe
Munfordville, Green River..........
Newport, Wirsch’s pond Ee ea
Otter Pond, Glover’s pond..........
Paris, AirdreLak@sssseasceee- ee
North Lakes 2:/ 7.0

Xalapa Farm Pond...............

Number.

20

Disposition. Number.
Kentucky—Continued.
Pembroke, Pendleton Lake......-... 200
Providence, Luton Lake............ 200
Shamrock Wake. 5..5215..c5425ee8 200
Russellville, Davidson Pond........ 200
Edwards Pond.................--- 200
Wlowers-eond ?: 2... estes See 100
es Hand. Sia hates bie Sioa eee ate 100
Oley Si Mand oo ssa Pee eee: 100
Pulliam Pond Se SEe See tee ree se 100
Simnious Ponds ocenceeesk eee a: 100
TalleysBonG scwcd ante ton es 200
Ryland @lippRoudees a iecessudesee 40
Stithton, White Lily Lake.-...-...-.. 800
Vanarsdell, Bond’s pond.....-....-- 40
Vanceburg, Kinniconic Creek.....-- 300
Whitesburg, Kentucky River....... 40
Kentucky River, North Fork....- 40
Louisiana:
Bayou Sara, Magnolia Pond......--- { tL ith
Ethel, Greenbrier Lake.........-.-- 100
Lake Willian see ee coneeee ae 100
Lake! Shannon...625.. acc cee beeen 100
Pretty: Creek jose scoac eb ee oes rE +4, 000
Isabel, Sullivan’s pond............-. 200
Keithville, Colquitt’s pond...-....-- 90
Lake Charles, King’s pond........-. 20
Leesville, Langton Mill Pond....... * 30
New Orleans, Westwego Lake......- 200
Oaklawn, Bayou Lacombe.........- 400
South Point, Irish Lake...-.......... 400
Maine:
Augusta, Kearns’s pond............. 50
Livermore Falls, Tilton Pond.....-.. 225
Maryland:
Antietam, Antietam Creek.........-. 60
Baltimore, Waxter Lake............ 120
Boring, Piney, Runsso2c8s. seen 120
Bradshaw, Little Gunpowder Falls
Creek sige cateded 2oass SOs 60
Cumberland, Evitts Creek........-- 100
Flintstone Creek.....2292.-25-4--- 100
Potomac Rivers s.c.co. aces tee 400
Detour, Double Pipe Creek...-..-.--- 40
Easton, Peach Blossom Creek....... 40
Glencoe, Gunpowder River...-..---.- 150
Grimes, Potomac River...-.....-.-- 80
Hagerstown, Antietam Creek....... 80
Conococheague Creek......-------- 80
armans, Blue Pond. .-...-.-'..----- 20
Joppa, Oakdale Lake...........-..- 20
Keedysville, Antietam Creek......-. 120
Marlboro, Fair Association Lake... 120
Motters Station, Toms Creek 60
Odenton, Rogues Harbor Creek 40
Phoenix, Phoenix Pond......-...... 100
Salisbury, Leonard Mill Pond......- 40
Seneca, Potomac River............- 2700
Smithsburg Antietam Creek........ 40
Snow Hill, Purnell Pond...........- 120
Massachusetts:
Graniteville, Burgess Pond...-...-...-. 120
Huntington, Little Galilee Pond.... 200
Lowell, Concord River............-. 300
Flushing) Pond:...242 2. 222<~ 54-s03 80
Hart PondS232. cee est ewe 155
Nabnassett Pond..........----..- 80
Plymouth, South Triangle Pond... 140
Michigan:
Au Sable, Crooked Lake......-...-.. 150
Bellaire, Grass Lake...............- 225
Channing, Silver Lake.............. 60
Charlotte, Narrow Lake.........-.-. 80
Clyde, Clay Lake. .....-...-.......- 200
Crystal Falls, Erickson Lake.......- 60
Floodwood, Floodwood Lakes... ..- 60
Hart? Gilbert bakes. 223220): fotos. 80
JEDIPPMARONG. sos foce ese aes se 75
Highland, Lakes in Oakland County. 2, 000

a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.

68 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.
LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Michigan—Continued. Minnesota—Continued.

Houghton, Big Bayou....-.-.-.---- 40 Mahtowah, Park Lake.............. 500
Hall Hake: vcs sccsucet eon cbenter = 60 Menahga, Morgan Lake... 2: ease 340
Lake Roland... 2.2... ..00--t-2..- 60 Minneapolis ,Lake Harriet --......-.- 500
Snake: RiverecesJsdoe: seeaeseet cs 40 Lake of the Isles........-.---2+--- 500

Tron Mountain, Long Lake........-. 60 Norwood, Hyde Lake.........-..... 340
Second Powder Lake.........----- 75 Owatonna, Beaver Lake.......-.... 75
Trepanieriuake.@ ion. o ose eee 40 Park Rapids, Lake Itasca........... 510

Tron River, Chicagon Lake : 170 Pelican Rapids, Lake Lizzie. .-.....- 520
Indian Taket eaeseer tees eases 170 Pipestone, Crooked Lake............ 200

Jackson, Browns Lake...........--- 80 Preston, Root Riversn_2 22=-eseeese 500

Jones; BairLake..:5--ts-ess--0--22" 80 Root River, North Branch.....-... 500
Birch’ Dakeeheeya ses seer aheee ce 80 Root River, South Branch.-...... 100
Driskell Takes) ei Pa ey eee 80 Rochester, Lake Shady. ...-.-...... 500
Poe's PONda 22 soen=ae eee eae eee 40 Zumbro River, South Branch..... 500

Lakeland, Strawberry Lake......... 150 Rollins, Bear Wake. .- -226.---e--deee 400 :

Meonard, Hecho Lakes .y.2.¢223--.2-- 225 Hardy: ake... .=//hes sak Seems 75

Marquette, Campan Lake.....-....--. 60 Moose, Lake....5: beste cesiebie a ee 400
cho make: ee. Lee esa chase ee 60 White Lake: .7.--.--.-<h=2h oseee 400
Mid ake snes se fe ee | 60 St. Cloud, Nina Creek............-.. 255
Mans Huakeres eee cece es ceemcess 60 st. Peter, Lake Emily. 5.) 04-2200 400
Wihetmore Wake se lcce seek eee 60 ake Jefferson. <5 0 3---c<n= tees 450
Whiteville Pond..........-----.-- 80 Lake Washington.-.....---..----- 400

Marshall, Lyon Lake.......-..------ 80 Turney, Schelin Lake....-...---.-.. 75

Mass, Courtney Lake.........-.--.-- 60 Underwood, Olson Lake. ..-..-....- 340

ore orway Lake......... 60 Wanless, Harriet Lake............-- 75
Spo Mile lakes .cosecereen-seee 60 ‘Waseca, Goose Lake. ..-...-..--.--- 300

Michigamme, Michigamme Lake.... 300 RiceWiake re oie. s-enc-e eee eee 300

Negaunee, Forbs Lake.....--....--- 60 Wralkins alkels oer t tea ee ee 300

Northville, Walled Lake-.......-.-.. 80 Winona, Biesanz’s pond. - ---------- 200

Rockland, Nulhegan Pond 40 Take) Wil One see ere eae 400

Sagola, Norway Lake.......-...-.-. 60 Mississippi River. --=---.--lsnsuee a 4,690

Scottville, Crystal Lake............. 80 || Mississippi:

Pere Marquette River.......---..- 80 Aberdeen, Baker Lake............-- 35
Sidnaw, Big Clearwater Lake.-...... 60 atcha kes ea. enna eee 74,000

ong lake. 20 sole ooeerece + <k~ oem 60 Old Glory; Pond’ >: < 2-5 --eeee 225

oonMUaAkere ans ahnaeeeseh ee -enates 60 Plantation Lake. ...-...--(22e+<- +2,000

Woltiake: J -28. dene eeseeee 60 Roberts’silake. 7. 4...-2. 48 sass 3 000
South Branch, Jose Lake......--.--. 225 Algoma, Moorman’s pond....-.-..-- 1,000
South Range, Peters Lake.......... 60 Amory, Hugqua Wake: ----see-.re-se 72,000
ee Daly Spring go See ee 40 Jandon Ron: oop eneeeeeeeeasae 8 500

oivola, Stamington Lake.......... 60 - , 000
Watersmeet ' Duck Lake...........- 170 Kinney Pond. ..-..-.-.----+--+--+ 600

AMOWMMUAKC™ eps tere ee macecteree 70 - )

White Cloud, Long Lake............ 80 Artesia, Sclater’s pond...-.---..--.--- wie

Winona, Ki-mit-a-wan-gag Lake- - -- 60 Becker, McCullen’s pond .....--.--- $2,000

Witch Lake, Fence Lake............ 60 Bogue Chitto, Big Creek. .......-... 4
one Wake. sis der sine cbheth- ceceee 40 Booneville, Booneville Lake. . ...-.- +4, 500
Motta ake: Howse abe eee ae 40 Mason’s Dong). perme cee ieee 45

Woodland, Saddle Bag Lake........ 150 Brandon, Ainsworth Mill Pond. ...-. $2,000

Minnesota: Buckatuma, Robinson’s pond...--.-- 75

Brainerd, Wise’s lake.......--..-..- 500 Bude, Lake Snyder................- 1,000

Buffalo, Buffalo lake .....--..--.--- 100 Byram, Woods Pond. .......--.----

Mywin. Likes: Gack sid thet etme bn they 340 Calhoun City, Weeping Willow Pond iby 000
Chisholm, Dewey-McCormick Lake. 700 Cedar Bluff, Belleview Pond....---- 2,000
Degraff, St. Marys Lake.........-.. 340 Gillilanss' pond)... =. - =e eee 110
Detroit, Detroit Lake. ......=..-.--- 425 Sanders Wake. . 5. = jce- scene nee $2,000

Gwin Wakes: g. spciee sw ekeatiaamiete 75 Clinton, Harding’s pond. --..-----.-- 500 :
Duluth, Camp Lake : 400 Columbia, Reeves Lake............. 400 |

Cook Gakees 5 .\. it ate nach at 600 Columbus, Bylaw Lake.......--..-.. 3,000

Spring akewe. 32: -cteecee seeseci 75 Lake Katherine... oer --s2se--~ 4,000
Erskine, Spring Lake........-....-. 75 Corinth, Cane Creek Lake. .......... 1,500
Eveleth, Cedar Island Lake......... 500 Clay Boone Lake. Nee deGaeeoe 1,500 ]
Fairmont, Bud Lake....-.-.....---- 300 Clear Lake...... F 60 :

13 75 G1 i a er 400 Dyer Lake essed. sae iaanp he 45

Tmoperie Wake. jo... ------s<ferenis 400 lamina keon seer cmiehin a= eee 45
Faribault, Willings Lake.......-.... 300 LOE’ PONG) ape oelee ce «tales 71, 500
Mertile; Olson Wakew....--\. snus Jo 340 Crawiord Pine Pond... .--..-. weal 15
Grand Lake, Sunset Lake........... 400 Crystal cane Batton’s pond. .... 150
Grand Meadow, Deer Creek...-...-.- 400 ridgeville Lake............--...- 300
Highland, Stewart Lake. ...-....... 500 Palmers pond si. ~.. sicnc4- wie eee 300
Homer, Mississippi FRUVOD ~~ iculee Sopp a 7,796 Slay’spond. ....-----.---------.-- 450
Knife River, Nigadoo Lake. ........ 400 Derma, Hutchins’s pond. ......---- 71, 000
Lake City, Lake Pepto ss -pas saan a 2,970 Duck Hill, Oliver’s pond.........-.- $2,000
Lindstrum, Chesago Lakes...-.....-. 500 Fayette, Corban’s pond... .=cuaere 1,000
Little Falls, Fish Lake.............. 400 Eilora Wig ONG les. dome se meee Teg

Hound Wakes. sss. User atemwcre. 300 Gardners pond .. oo oor. ate 1,000
Long Prairie, Lake Henry...-...-... 425 IHoOpsonis pond... <--e == see seem eee 200

a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters,

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917,

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

69

Disposition. Number. Disposition.
pin Conbne. * 0 Mississippi—Continued.
riarspoin ississippi River. ...-... 210 i i
Grvervilla, Mississip iver west, a 140 Starkville, Lewis Pond ..-.......--.
Grenada, Eureka Lake.............. 400 =
rp Mc@right’s pond! =~... 22-2 2.<-55es

Ss A abe i +1, 000 Old Scout Club Lake... ........-..

Hazlehurst, Hargrave Lake 450 P SaWiiai 5 pond: cba audalaleha ie Salat =j'S 0
Norman’s pond)..-.-5<55// HM 450 BUR SES oso eae cae oar
Poalsilale 800 Walley kal! Pond. 23.22. 4l0-b ose
RTI pTAMG C. folus.. Leen hee 450 teats Cleveland’s pond uae AS

High Point, Eubank’s pond.....-.. $2,000 || XS ep aeravnes Dan. 222
Harden’s pond...-..-----.-----.-- 2,000 eed ELE Oe 7 oss Je poaea

z i Tomnolen, Watson’s pond (A)......
Jackson, Bailey Lake. ..:2..--...... 2,000 ’
Emergency Pond "100 Watson’s pond (B)..-.--..-.-----
HNC Ot eS NONE By dro 2.000 Weatsonis;pond'(C)_/ see seu aus
Bayes Satay ag’) S| on nea Gl Oh , Tupelo; Clover Baker 22.20 .2.---=.2)
McClelland’s pond. ..-.---..------ 1,000 Dozier’ d
Macee's pond)... -<-n--csee ecto +3, 000 AR ie ROSE or Beco 2 2S ORES e
Pain SONG ccc ke ee 43,000 ake Wiew i sense ncecccisen penne
ar RICE dk) at Se! +3;000 Lespedeza Pond
Bilis HAG... co5 cose cua ele 80 suey a OL “He

Y Rarapand, os. .2 1p || Union, Jersey Brooke Farm Ponti...
Moore’ Sipond'. 2 Nees 8 Fe eee 25 : )

Lexington, Willow Castle Lake... -. +1, 000 Hamiailie 5 pond: ng a af ete Way 4a So

Louin, Land’s pond.............-.-. es aan | cor Brbiniels pan Cay. Joel eae

McComb, Clear Creek Lake......... 400 Fulgham’s pond ........-.--.-----
Reeves’sipond. ... eel a ee 1,000 Water Valley, Kelley’s pond........

McCool, Smith Pond.........-.....- 1,000 Shannon Mill Pond..-..--...-.-.--
Rwealtieaicee tale ee Pai: pret: +3, 000 THESE Y? SHOOT arb rolcetetelcnetae a otras

Maben, Lunceford’s pond.-.-........ +2, 000 Woodville, Sessions’s pond. .....-..-

2 hempleton’s:pond . . 2/983. 4725 - $2,000 || Missouri:

Macon, Flora’s pond.........--..--. 15 Aiirora, Hint: Creekessssoccs.s eee oa
Howards Lake.........+.-..- 30 Baring, Baring Wakes). ssaq-sue
Meadow Lake........-. Rise $2,000 Bunceton, Petite Saline Creek.....-
Thomas’s pond......-..-.... 15 Cabool, Indian Creek...-..-......--

Magnolia, Minnehaha Creek........- 1,000 Piney: RIverouee cess on eee

Meridian, Queen City Pond......... 15 RouUbidouki Raver. .vesee- gece cane
Sides ap () Wel See Sper oe 76,000 Calhoun, Dipo\Creek2=2 2522". eens.

Mize, Butler’s pond...------.....-.- +3, 000 Chilhowee, Casey Lake.........-----
iMibsipond =< Uses. 2 a2. 200 Cottonwood Lake........-.---.--.-

Natchez, Field’s pond...-.....9/822- 1,000 ELONeYy Greek te i miee wees Sane

New Albany, Coker’s pond......--. +1, 000 Clintom Mish Wake yn sas a ---issccnee
Robbins ake. os. 530g. 2s ee 8 +2, 000 Shintiaker cto tenes seme eee
Robbins ond: oo s532 2 23h a I2e +2, 000 Crane, Lancaster Lake. .......-.-..-

Newton, Bounds’s pond ..--........ 1, 000 Deepwater, Dickey Lake.......-.-.-

Okolona, Club Lake.-..---....-....-- $2, 000 Dodson, Oakwood Lake.....-.-..---

Penn, Lake Marguerite...--.....-.. 74, 000 Ferguson, Wabash Club Lake. .-.-.-.

Pheba, Champion’s pond........--. 72, 000 Fortescue Big bake: =. 2225.62

Philadelphia, Cox’s pond........... 71, 000 Higginsville, Tyler Spring Pond..-.
King's pond -~ 2 wea a es 71, 000 Holmes Park, Bass Lake.....-.-.---

Picayune, East Hobolochitto Creek. . 500 Independence, Bitter Sweet Lake...
McLaughlin’s pond..........-.-.- 500 Clath alee ays eerie tens See
Dabchys pond)... eo cece eens 1, 500 Comptomibake: es Go ee
Stockstill’s.pond ..-...--- 5... -eh2s- 1,500 Dickinson\Wake-*< 7525522 4295 ee
Ate Sake. . S/N sos Stk See 1, 500 igrris’sponds topes ceswen wane
Melleweonds 2-22... tees ccc emeeere 500 Jasper, Possum Creek.........-:----
West Hobolochitto Creek......-.- 500 J ate Bunee's pondsease see ese

Pocahontas, Lane’s pond...-...-..-- 3, 000 Rive Milevbakes><2..osss eyo 82
Pearl Riven bani sete. 22. 0. See 3,000 Thomas Lakes. .---.-...--.-.----+
Riverside Pond .......---- 2, 000 Kansas City, Lake of the Woods....

Pontotoc, Moss Lake Pond 1,000 RovkwoodsPondert. ess aa esse
Primrose Lake..........--- 2,000 Shadow lakes ss s220s: seh 22 ose

Port Gibson, Ellis Lake. ...-.....-.-- 1, 500 Lamar, Gregory Lake....-...--..--
Oil Works Pondsy! $1220.20. 22012 1,000 Muddy Creek 2p. stsseeie te ee

Roxie, Campbell’s pond...--------- 1, 000 Spring River, North Fork..-.-....-.-.

Sallis, Clanton’s pond.........----.- ; 72, 000 ilson’s pond ee erste ee
Shuler pondsesses sh. 2-2 =o 1, 000 Lanagan, Big Sugar Creek.-...-..-..-

Scooba, Stewart’s pond........--.-.. 3,000 Lebanon, Browns Lake....-.....-..

Sessums, Castle’s pond.........----- 1, 000 Gasconade River.......--.-.--.---

Shuqualak, Anderson’s pond...-....- 71, 000 Lisle; Lisle: Bakes2242 572s se8 oSeeie
TV Y’S PONG sass eeeees sale. ber) 1,000 Marceline, Santa Fe Lake.........--
POLTy’S PONE Ses es sBeNe Meats 1,000 Nevada, Katy Allen Lake..........
Bteel’s pondsi isa soo. 22 eee 2, 000 Radio Springs Lake......-..---..--
Spring aketss2 225k Mowry! . +3, 000 West Oaks iia S cise SNCS ak ee

Starkville, Benton’s pond..-......-- a 35 Noel HIG Rivers. 4743. 2 oe.
Wort Ponds: 5 Ja2225. c4sebeee wee 110 Northview, James River.......-.-.-
Hamm /’s) Pond 2s on 30 ee eee oe $2,000 || Odessa, Lake Venita...........-....

a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original, waters.

99805°—19 12

Number.

70

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

Disposition.

Missouri—Continued.

Pleasant Hill, Anglers Club Lake. - .
BONG’ Sake cee a: Renee eas 2
eonaTS Ake! ss. ccm) emcee ee
Smith Dake y.ceds see eee

Saginaw, Morsman Lake..........--

St. James, Meramec River.......---

Sedalia, Spring Fork Creek.....--..-.

Slater, Alton-Slater Pond...........
Wattail Thake: cresodteet a se eeee coe

Warrensburg, Willow Lake........-.

Beet Plains, Spring River, tributary

Windsor,
Montana:
Bynum, Muddy River
SUUKCY/S PONG vie nrnncderoce eres ee
Forsyth, Yellowstone River...-.-...--
New Hampshire:
Keene, Spofford Lake.............--
Newport, Rockybound Pond......--
New Jersey:
Branchville, Culver Lake........-.-
Camden, Willow Grove Lake.....-..
Cranford, Bloodgood Pond......----
Newfoundland, Green Pond..-..--.-
Picatinny, Picatinny Lake. ......-.--
Plainfield, Holly Park Lake.....-..-.
Seeley BOuGC ea, es BRA
Princeton, Carnegie Lake.........--

Trenton, Hutchinson Lake.........
New Mexico:

Abbott, Abbott Laken. 54-45-41
Alamillo, Alamillo Lake..........-.-

JU EV toa (6 bes eee te ace pga nt aye hay
Chama, Canones Lake............--
Clayton, El Rito Lake...........-.-.
Engle, Engle WAKO oss Geceslee* dons
popes Warm Springs Pond.-....
La ewood, Lake MecMillan..........
Las Vegas, Asylum Lakes..........-

Gallerosphonde. oto. ates dae cee =
Maxwell, Lagonia Medara Lake.....

Lake Thirteen... ..-..0. 2... 0
Onava, Armstrong Lakes.........-..

Weep lakers i. ce ant obese nepie
Raton, Throttle Pond...............
Roswell Chup Makers o.c: ef esiewes oe
Santa Fe, Arroya Hondo Lake......

Tesuque LARC os. asec cia cieies, sicie
Santa Rita, Harris’s pond...........
Taos, Marez’s pond... ....---.-+ -.
Thoreau, Indian Pond: .-.-....-....

New York: i

Altamont, Normankill Creek........

{EROMPSONIOAKe Soc. tae meee eee

Warner ake-- 2.062. ccaccs cc eto
Au Sable, Fern Lake.............-..

Delmer Wake ccc pect snc tevatle ty
Bridgehampton, Long Pond........
Cambridge, Hedges Dake. do. seeeue

Lake Lauderdale... 2... 2... cece
Clymer Station, Clymer Pond.......
Eaton, Hatches Lake...............

Hopkins kG, cosas cntetle' ois Se ate
Ellenville, Ulster Lake..............
Fulton, Lake Neahtawanta .........
Gansevoort, Old Chase Pond........
Greenwood Lake, Greenwood Lake.
Hannibal, Glendale Pond...........
La Grangeville, Beechmont Pond...
Lake Mahopac, Kirk Lake..........
Little York, Goodale Lake..........

Little York Dake. .c hace cseiee
Lyons, Ganargua Creek. ............
Pine Bush, Shawangunkkill Creek. .

Number.

Disposition.

New York—Continued. .
Randolph, Stillwater Pond..........
Red Creek, Blind Sodus Bay........
Salisbury, Beaverdam Lake.........
Thompsons Ridge, Plattekill Creek.

Shawangunkkill Creek...........-.
Troy, Three hakes: 2. 222 w2ecesmesn.
Dolly, Tully Wakes =... 2 Sseee pees
North Carolina:
Aberdeen, Maries Pond...........--
Millies Bond. 2: pcdice ateaatees
Angier, Gardner’s pond....-...-.---
Ashboro, Parker’s pond..-......-.--
Benson, Hall’s pond......-..-.2-2-2
Stephenson’s pond....-------- Be
Bowie, New River.....-.=.--+<-2£2
Old Field Creek.......-.-
Brevard, Bridge Creek.
Tucker'Creek:{S--0- 2.
Cameron, Crane Creek......-..--.--.
Cary, Holleman’s pond
Chalybeate, Spence’s pond..-...-.....
Charlotte, City Park Pond..........
Grandy’s pond i
Lakewood Park Lake........-..-.
Orr’s pond
Clarkton, Dutch Branch Pond......
Clayton, White Oak Pond.......-..
Climax, Coblers Pond....-.....-.-.-
Concord, Allison Pond......-.-..--.
Dutch Buffalo Creek.......----..-
Conway, Watson’s pond....-..----.
Doughton, Doughton Creek....---..
Dunn, Great Coheria Pond..-.....-.-.
Jernigan’s\pond!. ...-n--2.-. eee
Edenton, Queene Anne Creek...-..-
Elkin, Bugaboo Creek......-.--..-..
Carter Halls Pond Sauj54-8))-e eee
Hikin Creek: 2 Coie. seh). .-2. ones
Yadkin River... .22 5. SSS Se
Ellerbe, Bells Creek Pond.-..-.-----..
iowell’s pond, 2-22-62
Mountain Creek. .....
Elm City, Moore’s pond...........--
Enfield, Sycamore Pond........-..-
Fayetteville, Beaver Lake..........-

Little Rockfish Pond........-...-.-
Mill Pond sis0.. » soci e ee
SandHiill Pond 2.3. 2eee eee
Franklinton, Wilder’s pond ELS CE BE
Fuqua Springs, Powell’s pond...-.-.

Greensboro, Hamburg Mill Pond... .
Little Alamance Creek. ...-...--.-
Monroe’s pond
Pinedale'Pond:..--..-.- 2s. seen

Hendersonville, Hayne’s pond....-.
Jordan’spond - 2 so cca-mere se eee
Lake Wajaw...---<.e erase
Penny’s pond.......- nate ean sae

Hickory, Baker Mountain Ponds....
Catawba River..............2....-

Littleton, L
Louisburg, Tar River
Marshville, Fennell Pond...-.......-

Flow Pond

HMarrett’s pond. « 3 jn) ncucmitp anes
March’ DONG ..5 <0 scu nies eta sea

Number.

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917,

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

fg

Disposition.

North Carolina—Continued.

Monroe, Austin’s pond...-....-......
HATHVIR WE ONGse 22s. 2s seapet
Grassy, isiand) Pond. 4. 2-2.) tee
Simpsons Ponds. .- 2. -. 2... =. =i

Morrisville, Sorrell’s pond........-.-
Sycamore Creek. .......-.--- ee

Murphy, Hanging Dog Creek........

New Bern, Hancock Creek.........-
PTO LVOl es 2)\5 5 a's ni =~ 2S

New Hill, Maple Branch Pond......

Old Fort, Catawba River.........-.

Oriental, Dawson Creek.......-...--
Green Creek. =.) .5.-- 0-2 eee J

Fe
Pilot Mountain, Dodson Mill Pond..
Pineville, Little Steel Creek.........
Raeford, Juniper Creek........-.....
Raleigh, Batts’s pond............-.-
Rockingham, Covington’s pond.....
Leak Pond

Pee Dee Mill Pond.
Sleeter Mill’ Pond. 2. fo. 22 2.8 cee
ppeed Creek. Ronde. - 34.5): «32s Gr0
Roduco, Jones Mill Pond....-..-....
Rougemont, Bowling Mill Pond.....
Roxboro, Gregory’s pond. .-....--.--
Hester’s pond
Sanford, Carvington Pond.........--
Gannollare onde. 2o--- 92. ect fag
PRED VMESe ONG <2 .0. sr8e deccietl. =
Shoals, Benbam Pond...............
EPASHPONd eo -eeets-asedatieaa ceo

Matthews’s pond.......-.---.-:.-

SIEGS ECCT Oe oi) ya all i aie
Spout Springs, Mill Pond...........
Statesville, White Oak Pond........
Sunbury, Cross Mill Pond...........
Sylva, Tuckaseigee River........... ;
warbaro, udke Parker... 0652225200:

UTI ET ole et Gia a EY ate
Wake Forest, Caddell’s pond
Warsaw, Cooper Mill Pond..

Nahunga Club Pond...
Waxhaw, Six Mile Creek.
Whiteville, White Pond............
Wilmington, Buena Vista Pond.....

WIOvOD HONG. ono. sce waraenoetcos
Wingate, Stewart’s pond............
Winston-Salem, Waterworks Pond..

North Dakota:

Bottineau, Lake Francis. ...........

Poheeti Wako...

Devils Lake, Court Lake............
Devils Takeo ees pe a

Hettinger, Buckhorn Lake..........
St. John, Crow Lake................
ish Lakes eo ee
Phill Tato sede eee wy eT

Oak Lakeé.-2-222227- 5) | ta ania Th

Snavely Lake....2 22.22.2052 201
Sucker Lake ous S Sosa sige |

Waukepa Lake..............
Willow Lake. ...-. 12599. 303
Ohio: +
Akron, East Lake..........
Bellaire, Captina Creek... Z
Holloway Pond.,...,.-----,:---+-

Number.

Disposition. Number.
Ohio—Continued.
Berea, Deer Quarry Pond........... 200
Cambridge, City Lake............... 225
CHIME P nil... J. aeycgec nce 25
Canton, Meyers Lake. ...........-.- 300
Carey, Fish Club Lake.............. 400
Chillicothe, Paint Creek............. 400
Paint Creek, North Fork.......... 280
Chippewa Lake, Chippewa Lake.... 500
Cincinnati, Lake Kaelin........2...- 120
Mill Creek Lake. 5. 2.225) eu 40
Cleveland, Bass Lake.............-- 300
Pundersonilake.- oo ed ee 300
Snow Lake sie. 2) 5 eer eae 300
Covington, Stillwater River......... 25
Crestline, Sandusky River. ........- 300
Dayton, Burkhardt’s pond........-- 120
Lewisburg, Miller Fork Creek....-.. 195
Twini@reeker 9. sae ott leet 260
Logan, Clear Fork Creek. ....... 75
Scott Creek: 225-2 So eee ee 75
Mansfield, Brubaker Creek 200
Clear Fork Creek, North Branch. . 300
Clear Fork Creek, South Branch. . 300
Mergeson\Cresk.-- oascesee nee necse 200
Kohiser Creek en ask ia. eae 200
Rocky Fork Creek................ 300
Stevenson! Runes 5. pees 100
Whetstone Creek... 2.0s2222) 542-2 400
Marietta, Duck Creek...........---- 75
Little Muskingum River.......... 75
Millersburg, Killbuck River......... 75
6y,; Mason’s PONG t susan ee eee esse 100
Oak Harbor, Portage River....-.... 300
iqua, Spring Creek............-... 50
Quaker City, Wills Creek. .......... 75
Randall, Sand Rock Pond.......... 200
St. Marys, Lake St. Marys.......... 125
Shelby, Huron River................ 300
Mohican River, Black Fork....... 300
Sidney, Tanawa ake ak 75
Swifts, Muskingum River........... 75
Tiffin, Mohawk Club Lake.......... 500
Troy:,) Honey, Creek. - 2263520 ee: 75
Spring Creek: ) 5a Sot eres ot 150
Unionville, Rock’s pond............ 100
Wapakoneta, Auglaize River........ 75
Grand! Bake: <22 2.) edn es 100
Washington Court House, Carman’s
DONG Nee ss ak ae pad ed see. Hl 80
Clouser’s pond......... Senmeecceee 40
Paint Creek, East Fork........... 80
Rattlesnake Creek. ......... pehaedes3 80
Sugar'Creeko- 2-0 a-6 eseeeee eee 120
Wellington, Waterworks Pond...... 200
Woodsfield, Little Muskingum
Rivenssescssesccseee sane e 60
Sunfish’ Credk:-2252550e 2s gas ee 60
Yellow Springs, Neff Park Lake. . .. 120
Youngstown, Bears Den Creek....-. 200
Big’ Yankee Creek 2... Yad ei 200
Mmdian! Creeki = iss eee 100
Take Cohassetit=: ss sts eo) ies 500
Dake: Glacier moet l= sha Oo ar eee 200
Mill’ Creek: Si o2 Saami ip Frye ti 200
Zanesville, Licking River........... 100
Muskingum River. ...........2.-. 100
Oklahoma:
Afton, Fuser Lake...-. Rael See athe 50
Alva, Lake Ashley.................- } 65
Ardmore, Boucher’s pond.........-. 20
GlubiWakess oe 5 pti ene 80
Dickssakeses vocgeccasscs sue oe 40
Sandlin Lake... . 40
Worthan Wakes 223522. .sedese 2 40
Armstrong, Hatchery Ponds........ 70
Big Cabin, Mustang Creek. ......... 40
Rock: Grek .c25 5.55 soe sara eee ence 40
Bison, Meadowbrook Pond.......... 60
Blocker, Blue Lake.......-e+e--+2+: 20

x bd DISTRIBUTION

OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

Disposition.

Oklahoma—Continued.
Broken Bow, Dierks Lake. ....-..---
Washailakect. cacvcactueeeacsteces
Byars, Porter-Newbern Lake.......
Carter, Anderson’s pond......-..---
Centrahoma, Hall’s pond........----
Chattanooga, White’s pond. ...-..-...
Chickasha, Country Club Lake......
Shawnee Springs Lake..........-.
Sheds Make sacees. bodes esos
Choteau, Adkins Lake............--
Clinton, Clinton) Pond... .22.52-ec 5.
Coalgate, Jamie Lake-........-.....--
Coleman, Owens Lake...........-.-
Comanche, Lake Eveline.....-...----
Willow Porid ens LeeLee
Davis, Freeman’s pond..........---
Duncan, Doaks Lake.......-.-----.
PayNe/S PON. ccences seers neem ee
Durant, Blanchard’s pond...-...-..-.-
El Reno, Redder’s pond. ...-...-.----
Target Creek Lake... AS
Wolf Pondesee: AoA Le
Woods Lhakesss vse ete
Brick BulliCreeke veces. cc seeseee
MVEretb Ss POUdieccctencsemerueeees
Haddock/swponds o.st.stlon- cee
Minnow Creek 2 s.00ecsees soe
Ram Hollow Creek..........---.--
Merrell Wakes leceudciencctioae secs s
Turkey Creeks. ieee a SS
Eufaula, Eufaula Lake...........-...
Featherston, Sunnyslope Lake......
Francis, Oliver Lake...........---.-
Geary, Senn’s pond............---..
Granite, Williams’s pond...........-
Guthrie, Cedar Lake.............-..
H)lison Waker i2s caso shes cg see
Michland Lakeview cwstessekaeee
Lake Corson S. 2225). Hide ceke as
Santa Ke Lake... ..0.cctee. Cele
Spring bakes ics. ete. He ae
Williamson Lake..:...........-..-
Heavener, Poteau River.........-..
Poteau River, Black Fork.....-...
Hydro, Southview Pond............
Kingfisher, Kingfisher Creek........
Kiowa, Kiowa Katy Lake. - 2
Krebs, Shannon Lake......
Lawton, Highland Lake............
Dalen Wirth. Suan te tec 5 ON OE
Wiedeman Lake. . 320. jce cde
Lequire, Mountain Fork Creek....-.
Lone Wolf, King’s pond............
McAlester, Club Lake.............-.
Dow Lakes 4: xcaji4..obinl. ss

VVC LOUD Gre Sd ah fe aman eerie IO
Muldrow, Shepherd’s pond......-.-
Muskogee, City Park Lake..........

Sondheimer Lake................-

WalS) bake. Came oe'ios +c s see ete
Nowata, Tillottson Lake............
Ochelata, Scott’s pond.-........-.--.-
Ottawa, Five Mile Creek...........-
Pauls Valley Adams’s pond........

Democrat Pond...........-----.--

Republican, Pond vase... eek

Sherrill’s pond. ............ mate

Training School Pond.......-....-
Perry, (City Juake, + lany.e tee bsekt .

McKinstry Lake

New City Lake. ,-..--,,------

Number. Disposition. Number.
Oklahoma—Continued.
2) pone le Coleone Creek... 22228 se
1 rooked Creeks, .=2se44-~0-+ see
40 Pond Creek: ce stkescceveesceae see 120
65 Sand Creeks si. o.eee. teen te eet eae 120
20 Poteau, Horseshoe Lake.......-...- 80
40 Purcell, Johnston’s pond.........--- 40
180 Rocky, Wilburn’s pond...........-. 65
Nd Baye, Clear ake ce OL OEM a
TICE’S PON <5 cng.ce oo oes een bee
20 Sharon, Persimmon Lake...-......-- 130
65 Shattuck, Ivanhoe Lake...........- 325
a pele, Brushy reels sata), MEU a3
0-|| :_. Bpnod’s wdbe..uat 22 oe eean aes 195
40 a omin Oy) Northside Lake....-.-- a
120 ring Wakes sce. DAN ee eee
40 Tulsa, Sand Springs Park Lake. ...-. 40
80 Vinita, Hawkins’s lake.....-..----- 40
a Little Sahn Greek dn emad Jock Sosa a
6 ocust Creek fie. ys eee
60 Watts, Illinois River......-..-..---- 60
60 Weatherford, Cobb Creek....-.--.--. 65
60 || Pennsylvania:
65 Arcola, Perkiomen Creek.........-. 300
65 cee, Glennville Pond..........-- 400
S oi ford Juniata River, Raystown
VaNCD eed Pied eee ee eee 115
65 Bryn Mawr, Earle’s pond.........-- 200
Be ee Springs, Conneautee
FW OE OA ae ee erserey sid wich 150
40 Drakes Pond:))c4i2ie ees 100
40 Hidinboro: bakes 2801.0. seen ee 300
40 Christiana, Johnson Run.......--.-- 200
65 Octorard' Creeks... 22222 h isos see 600
40 || Collegeville, Perkiomen Creek... ...- 300
48 Columbia, Little Chickies Creek. ...- 300
re Confluence Eg eens eer g River. . 140
48 Pee Lake, Conneaut ake....- od
OITy,, Bear Daket. 02 02. foe ae saeme
48 Brokenstraw Creek..............- 200
43 Coffee Oreck: (2 esi Pe he eae 200
60 Columbts' Pondess.s.-50- aeneee 200
40 Mrench'Creelkers0 eos eos eee - 200
Denver, Buchers Run.............. 100
io Lesher Ponds ee eh See aes 200
60 Muddy Creek: +2502 2p cenieetes 200
40 Stony Humssé+2ito) ac ee eeee ee 200
40 Dillsburg, Bermudian Creek........ 75
80 aoe art Ea; a sie Lake...... 600
80 ast Freedom, sC CCK so acee 50
40 East Greenville, Perkiomen Creek... 100
40 Easton, Saylors Lake..............- 500
40 Ephrata, Hammer Creek.-.......... 200
40 syerent, F uniata River, Raystown Re
40 Tanck 22 oe ees ne
20 vals, Piet Lora River, North ne
TAaNGh yee. es eee Eee aa
ay Fishertown, Dunnings Creek........ 225
40 Flowing Spring, Juniata River 300
60 Gaines Junction, Pine Creek........ 50
60 sap ral Juniata River, Frankstown | - ae
NCH eee pest ccs s Adin cece see
of Gettysburg, Conewago Creek........ 100
60 Graterford, Perkiomen Creek....... 200
20 Green Lane, Perkiomen Creek... ..- 200
40 Haines, Susquehanna River........ 400
20 Hendricks, Perkiomen Creek........ 200
20. Holtwood, Tucquan Lake........ ai 300
20 Horrell, Juniata River.............. 300
40 Indian Creek, Indian Creek....-....- 45
40 Johnstown, Quemahoning Lake... .. 400
80 Kempton, ‘Maiden Creek. Baga 300
40 Kratz, Perkiomen Creek.........-... 200
40 Lancaster, Bushong Pond.........-. 20
48 Conestoga Creek ...o. 2 oo cccecnenee 400
48 Conestoga Valley Pond......-.-... 20
48 Hunsecker Poudserersssecscvsoer= 20

eS — 1 S

= ee

ee ee ee

é DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917,

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

73

Disposition.

Pennsylvania—Continued.

Lancaster, Mill Creek.........-...-..-
Paper MilltBond se Tes ones oe
Susquehanna River.........-..-..
Umbles Pond
Waterworks Pond, ..........-..--

Langhorne, Neshaminy Creek......-.

La Plume, Kewanee Pond..........
Manatalka Ponds. 6002). Sss0s5.002 4

Lewisburg, Buffalo Creek...........
Little Buffalo Creek.......-...-..
(Syoiilee) TE SMG aos sae sanese aoe

Lititz, Lower Hammer Creek... ....

Lower Reese, Juniata River.........

McLeans, Perkiomen Creek-...-....

Manheim, Chickies Creek......... af

Manns Choice, Juniata River, Rays-
town Branch..............-.-.---

Meadville, Cussewago Creek.........
Mronchi@reoks cli eee acess

Middleburg, Middle Creek..........
IBERMS Crook ee se se eee ade e
Mill Creek, Saddler Creek.......
Minersville, Crystal Pond...
Long Pi

Marini Dakezin7. 525 be :
Nanty Glo, Black Lick Creek.......
Narvon, Conestoga Creek......-....
Neff Station, Juniata River.........
New Oxford, Beaver Creek..........

Conewago Creek...........:-...--
Newtown, Neshaminy Creek........
Oaks, Perkiomen Creek..-.........-
Palm, Perkiomen Creek............
Pennsburg, Perkiomen Creek. ...-..
Pequea, Pequea Creek..............

mequan Dakees. odessa
Perkiomenville, Perkiomen Creek...
Petersburg, Hydro Lake...........-.

Shaver Creeks 2s. 52.0023.-0s. 558
Pocono Summit, Pocono Lake......
Point View, Juniata River..........
Quarryville, Beaver Creek..........
Conowingo Creek......-.......---
Octoraro Creek... .ce-ceeees suse.

Rahns, Perkiomen Creek...........-
Reading, Beaver Creek.........-..--
Red Hill, Perkiomen Creek.......-.
Roaring Springs, Yellow Creek..-..--
Rockmere, Allegheny River........-
Rohrerstown, Conestoga Creek. ....-
Royersford, Valley Lake........-...-
Rushland, Neshaminy Creek........
Salford, Perkiomen Creek..........-
Schwenksville, Perkiomen Creek....
Shenks Ferry, Susquehanna River..
Shrewsbury, Codorus Creek, West
Branch
Gunpowder River, branch of.....-
Muddy Creek, branch of.....--....
Springboro, Lake Neva........-.---
Spring Mount, Perkiomen Creek...
Stewartstown, Electric Pond........
Telford, Perkiomen Creek, North-
east Branch Se ee te aemeete dd wbines cst
Towanda, Susquehanna River. .....
Traymore, Little Neshaminy Creek.
Warren, Allegheny River...........
Conowango Creek. ............--.-
Williamsburg, Juniata River........
Williamsport, Loyalsock Creek... ...
Be age Cree
Yerkes, Perkiomen Creek
York, Codorus Creek L
Conewago Creek...................

Number.

Disposition.

South Carolina:

Aiken, Anderson’s pond........-----
arto ONG (2.20/22. seer eee
Buschis pond: 5. : . 22 o hee
Craleayong ) 622s Nl ee
Cushman’s pond.......--.--------
HendrixeP onde oss.) Sasa eee aes

Anderson, Lake Sycamore......-..-
Six and Twenty Pond......-.....-

Angelus, Rocky Creek Pond..-..---

Ashley Junction, Goose Creek. .-----

Barnwell, Lower Three Runs. ..-..-

Batesburg, Boatwright’s pond..-....

Belton, Belton Mills Pond.....-..---

Blaney, White Pond.......-.-.---.-

Branchville, Smoak’s pond......--.-

Cameron, Uimer’s pond............-

Childs, Gills Cree
Clinton, Wright’s pond.......--.-----
Clio, Bennett’s pond.....-..--.- peree
Clover, Clinton Pond......-..-.--.--
MeCall/sondt 92h erase ce sane eects
Columbia,
DentiPond!.2t tee asceten ee niccne coe
Huffman’s pond
Lowrance’s
Messer Mill Pond......-.---------
Nims MaIniP Onde 2. owepencmee ence
Snow, Hill Ponds ese eee
Darlington, Black Creek.....-------
Gilivon Mill Pond

Paris Mountain Lake
Saluda Rivers aes ee A
Guess, Gulledge Pond....-.....-..--
Hartsville, Black Creek Lake...-..--
Clyde Pond

Sear Ponds x)... ee
Hagood, Rafting Creek Pond......-..
Hellams Crossing, Reedy River,

branch Of Samui se aeasee eae ae
Hickory Grove, Clark Fork Creek...
Ingleside, Ingleside Lake.........-.-

Smith Lake... e.cee ct cecesesstee
Tva, Strickland’s pond..............
Johnston, Edisto Lake.............-

Watson's ponds. 2.200255 Seas.
Laurens, Cox Creek............-.-..
Lexington, Dooly-Shull Pond.......

Twelve Mile Creek.......-...-.-.-.
Mayo, Buck Creek...........-..-....
Mount Croghan, Burch’s pond......

Ingleside: Pond :.s... 6. s228b ses!
Ninety Six, Meadow Branch........
Orangeburg, Brantley’s pond.......

BIS VOURIV OP so. ecu ws one ue

Felder’s pond........- 2 sei

Persner7sPOnds 2... Is.

Poplespond vies) 2.2.8 See ole

Number.

74 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

Disposition.

South Carolina—Continued.

Orangeburg, Great Branch Pond...
himestone Creekes:-- 222.2 eeeeeee ee

Dmoak/s pondiecee ce eee ee
Wimer spond: s2co54-22 cease ee
Wioodsvillerhond'se ee seene ee 2.
Patrick, Bear Creek Pond....-......
OLDErtis WONG stetiewewen ee aa
Rayflin, Gantt’s pond........-.-...-
Ridge Spring, Yonce’s pond.........
Rockton, Castles’s pond...----......
Rupy,,Moore’s pondth.; cess s4-
St. Matthews, Millwood Pond......-
Salley, Cooper’s pond....-.....-....
peneca, Cane'Creekise.ct 7 ss cee
Coneross\Creekj.-teeton ese aot t

Keowee River
Little River......-.--

SupaniCreekses it eee see ee
Sharp, Tompkins’s pond...........-
Summerton, Pine Grove Pond......
Summerville, Engleside Lake... -..-.-
Timber Lake, Edisto River....-..--.
Trenton, Lorick Pond..............-

Wrarrenwbond: fee eck se coe eearee
Wagener, Cedar Creek Pond.......-
Mork uanhamuPond sess ss-- ceeae:

South Dakota:

Alpena, Lake Overland............-
Canton; (Sioux Rivers 2. ca sme ne oe
Clear Lake, Clear Lake............--
Eureka, Lake Martell........-...-..
Hot Springs, Palmer Lake.......-..
Huron, Lake Byron........---.-.-.-

Make Cay ours le.
Lake Andes, Lake Andes. .

Lemmon, Lemmon Lake...........-
McCook, McCook Lake..............
Madison, Lake Madison. ............
Midland, Hedman Lake............
ipakwans Od Wakes - oes fee
Rapid City, Spruce Pond...........
Virgil, Barnes’s pond.......-.......

Tennessee:

Austral, Spring Creek..............-
Bear Creek Junction, Mining Com-
many ‘Pondsse. o2-0's. ee aes ae a?
Bolivar, Galloway’s pond..........-
Chapel Hill, Townsend Pond.....-.
Chattanooga, Lookout Lake. .......
Pan-Gap Lakeris oe eae
Rolind Waker espe cabo e ee aid
Cleveland, Wildwood Lakes... .....
Coal Creek, Coal Creek..............
College Grove, College Grove Creek..
Cragie Hope, Turnbull Creek. ... . ..
Little River, East
PLONE e es eee eae ota cen eete a eds
Fayetteville, Elk River.............
Mulberry OP eA OE TOE:
Fordtown, Sinking Creek...........
Franklin, Big Harpeth River... ..-.
Leipers Fork Creek...-....-..-....
merphy Worki@reek: -*. seb si2)
GyzSIpONO ce. a ss oe aad
South Harpeth River.............
West Harpeth River..............
Goodlettsville, Connell’s pond.....--
Greenfield, Elam’s pond............
Hopds, Little River... -2-2-c02.-- ese

Elkmont,

Rid

Disposition.

Tennessee—Continued.

McMinnville, Mountain Creek..-.-...
Manchester, Brewer Creek.......---
Dilek Rivensx2eeeee she 0 eens
Martell, Morton’s pond. ......------
Martin, Harris Fork Creek.....-..-.-
Mud! Creekier 20 o2o25 nce cencemen

North Obion River........-.....-

Mayland, Cooper Lake.....-...-.-.-
Memphis, Arnold Lake......-...-..-
Mont Eagle, Laurel Lake-.........-
Murphreesboro, Stone River. ..-..--
Nashville, Brons Creek, Sugar Tree

Branehta: tite sas a enc eees

Norma, New River
Oliver Springs, East Fork Creek. . --

‘Poplar Creekt!s 03522 Sues hee
Ooltewah, Wolf Teaver Creek.....--.
Portland, Sinkhole Pond.........--.
Powder Springs, Flat Creek.......--
Pulaski, Richland Creek...........-
Quebeck, Pettitt’s pond...-......-..
Roan Mountain, Doe River...-...-.--
Rockwood, Johnson’s pond... ...-.--

Whites Creek... .-.2-si--0n-0-2-4
St. Bethlehem, Bourne Lake... - - ..
Shelbyville, Duck River..........--
Springfield, Holman Pond....-....-.

Luton's pond... = oon ape

Red River, Sulphur Fork.....-..-.

Red River, West Fork.........-.-
Tazewell, Chadwell Lake.......-...-
Tellico Plains, Conasauga Creek....-
Toone, Keller Lake-...---..-.-
Wartrace, Wartrace Creek... . =
Watertown, Fall Creek. ..........--
Waverly, Buffalo River...--:......-.
Wetmore, Prendergast Lake... .....-
White Pine, Long Creek. .--..-...--
Winchester, Elk River.....--..--..-

Willow: Pou@)ss2. 2 5-eneec. eee

Texas:

Alvarado, Lake View.....-.--.-..--
Axtell, Axtell Lake. ..- ced waesee
Everman Lake. -..< c+ ¢gvubcia== ten
Belen, Young’s pond. .......--...-.
Bryan, Lakeview Pond. .....-..<.--
Round Lake... i. 6.5 2'5-sacaee ee
Caldwell, Volney Lake-........-...-
Wilson Lake... 2 cwatapiasegeeeee
Center Point, Guadalupe River. ..--
Clear Fork, Clear Fork, Lake......--
Cleburn, Club Dake: cewssbecete ance
Corsicana, Beeman Pasture Pond...
Magnolia, Ponds. .ss-e=-reneahe sone
Morse Pond. ssc eeeeeae- eee He
Orphans Home Pond
Texas Company Pond.....--.....
Dallas, Harris Lakes <:: 402-222-2052
Larkin’s pond <.systeeseasoet 2 ce
Wah Hoo Club Lake.......-....-..
Denison, Randell Lake...-.....-..-
Edmunds, Guy Lake....-.--.-...---
Fort Worth, Alta Vista Lake.......
Bear Creek Lake...........---.---
Howser aker..-.-<--.- =. 22uecnase
Lake Wortlias. -tet. os soslseu ese
Franklin, Lake Bernadine.......-.-.
Lake Meldune..........--...-.---
Lake Mirage. ..2-.--v- cs aeeoeeee
Georgetown, Ganns Mills Lake......
Grand Prairie, Martin Lake.......-:
Robbins’s. pond '.2 7. -st0.so3e2k 2
Grandview, Country Club Lake... -
Granger, Parmalee Lake..........--.

Number.

SSESEs

sag

1,000

By BBE ge

i
ey
or

_
.

wie Bgggeeeezeeeee

vs

Bie
No
i)

28

BENE

.
1
‘
.
|

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917,

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

75

Disposition.

Texas—Continued.

Greenville, Arnold’s pond..-..-....--
Chapman’s pond ..-----.2.--<2522!
Greenvine FONG .fssc sve cs Stee

Handley, Edrington Lake........--

Houston, Cross Ranch Lake... ....-
Pumpkin Wake. ..2.:2.22t2+2.0-5
HEOHNOPEAKES 226 <2 c2scchstesssseee
Wayside Lakes..........

Hubbard, Club Lakes.
Waterworks Lakes.........-.- nae

Kerrville, Guadalupe River...-.....-
Paint Pond

eartan bong) 25 252. se. bese
errell ake’ s3< 2422225252522 88
ievie; Pecan) Pond')') 2225/22 28s. 2
Lancaster, Club Lake......-....--.-
Crimes’s Pond \5.265- 2.2255 ss 254
Manchuca, Golden Lake.........---
New Braunfels, Comal River... ....
Guadalupe River.........-.------
Simmons Creek. .....-:-----------
Sanne branchinsscasS eee ere ¢
Palestine, Blue Lake. .....-.......-
Broyles Lake si. sceccecetseeene dee
Pnilips Lakeos sss. 32) -25222-224-
San Antonio, Blue Wing Lake.....-
San Marcos, San Marcos River....--
Texarkana, Davis Lake....-.......-.
NOS IGAKO 255k SSS NOS eke nt
Mpa sakes. 2 sone elo oe
Thorndale, Gregory’s pond...-....--
Johnson’s pond
Uvalde, Anderson Lake.........-.-.
EVIOPRAVOE=== eos oer ese nae

Waco, Clubwiakes? ooo roy! yet
EOS LUFT Oe
arimlucicgres Sac te ne. ele ss ee
Hickorviereek ree fet Es
Meno Makes 52502. as
STONE Fo] DENT SS a eed pet ee

Waring, Guadalupe River....-...-..

Welfare, Joshua Creek.......-.--.--

Vermont:
Essex Junction, Shelburne Pond....

Hydeville, Lake Bomoseen.........-

Virginia:
Alberta, Sturgeon Creek Pond.......

Blackstone, Cellar Creek Pond...-...
Brookneal, Clay’s pond.............-

aH PIC rpokee: 222222 tes ee
JL Fath off 07213 Sr
Buchanan, James River.............
Mill Creek......... oe eegey aan es

Byllesby, Crooked Creek..........--
Knob Fork Creek.................

Church Road, Williams Pond..._...
Courtland, Edward’s pond..........

Gray’s pond
- Danville, County Line Creek........

> Dispatch, Orapax Pondix--235222:5.-
Drakes Branch, Roanoke River.....
Eagle Mountain, James River.......

Number.

Disposition.

Virginia—Continued.

East Radford, New River...........
Elliston, Roanoke River....--.....-

Emporia, Three Creeks Pond...-...-.

Raber Gays ponds.) io. aro eee
Farmville, Curdsville Mill Pond.....
Fort Defiance, Middle River........
Fredericksburg, Downman’s pond...
MallssviilispP ond) sacs as. teas cerer
MIiGR/S pond Sse ks tee ce hee es
Eitieswihine bonds.) scree ee
Millerzsmond 2s ete ee ter ee
Gala, JamestRiver. 2222.00 2 ree
Glen Allen, Chickahominy Pond....
Chickahominy River.............-
ChitonkGondie ses sce een ee eee
Gordonsville, Noble’s pond..-....-..-
Rae’s pond

Watkins pondie 2 see eee 2

Goshen, Big Calf Pasture River.....
Green Bay, Blankenship Mill Pond.
Greenlee, James River...........::.-
Guinea, Mill Hill Pond..... Babe nes:
Hanover, Mitchell’s mill pon
Mount Pleasant Pond............-
Herndon, Wiehle Lake.-..........--
Holcomb Rock, James River.......-
Ivanhoe, Chestnut Creek.........-.-
Cripplei\Creekee. fs sc2- esas oe
Poplar Camp Creek...-..........-.
Kernstown, Opequon Creek........-
Keswick, Bellagio Pond............-.
Keysville, Morton’s pond............
Lightfoot, Jollys Club Pond.......--
HappyaellsPonds sas 205-542 soe
House Bucks E ONGS 2-2 ae eee eee
Lynchburg, Campbeil’s pond.......-
JAMES EVIVOR: oe. oe ancien a
RockfshyRiver: 2 cess acces oee See
Max Meadows, Reed Creek.........-
Midlothian, Grove Shaft Pond... ...
Milford, Andrews Pond.-.--.-......-..
Chandler?sponds: - <2 5o4--er sot aaa
Norge, Scimiron Pond...............
Whitaker Mill Pond...............
Pemberton, Flannagan’s mill pond..
Whiteville Pond.-.........0......
PenolaCamp Ponds.- os ssc5--seenee
Campbells pond. 222.222 sa85-8 gen
Hickory Spring Pond..-...........
Reedy Mill Pond
Parners|pOud. a. ase. |= eee ee
Petersburg, Lees Mill Pond.........
Providence Forge, Mallory’s pond...
Mirror Wake: sites func ee a eee

Randolph, Spring Lake..-..........
Rectortown, Goose Creek............
Reusens, James River..............-
Richmond, Broad Rock Pond.......
Citylake-fe oye esses Sse
Clarendontibakes tens. ane
Coleman! Ponders ae aed
Ellerson’s pondij oss) as. 22- 5-0 ae
Forest. Park Lake... . 23:2 2. aee
MakesidewWiakes ccs. sede ses
Red (Lakes ss accn scans sae SSE

Ringgold, Power’s pond.............

Rocky Mount, Frying Pan Creek....
PiptRiveruaiies oo28 ee sa sae

Roxbury, Captain Joes Pond........
Charles City Pond
Parkinson's pOud'= 4.2 02 Ss o2secec nk

St. Paul, Cline

Saltville, Holston River, North
pct ci Bp Rk SN ak a OO

Number.

76 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

Disposition.

Virginia—Continued.

Singer, Roanoke River......-...----
South Norfolk, Greenleaf Pond......
Bae City, Cedar Creek..........

Shenandoah River...-...../-:----
Suffolk, Lake Drummond........---
Suiter, Walkers Big Creek........---

Swords Creek, Clinch River, Maiden

Brine orks tree tes emg tt aon =)
Sycamore, Owen Hunt Pond........
Taylorsville, Dry Bridge Pond.....-
Tazewell, Clinch River, West Fork..-

Wronli@nogiesitiaratatte we eee
Toano, White Hall Pond.........--.
Waverly, Clark Pond..-......-..---
Wellville, Booth Pond.-....-.....-..-
West Point, Goddin Pond.....--...-

HollyaRork Pondveiet2 $350 aoe -

Old Dominion Lake..............-
White House, Poplar Grove Pond...
Williamsburg, Warburton’s pond...
Woodstock, Power Company Pond..

Rishi oades ssa hoe cer hac meer acc

Stonewall Pond.....-......-------

West Virginia:

Belington, Hawley Lake.........-.-
Bramwell, Bluestone River... .--.--

Simm Ons Magis see ee ee
Camden on Gauley, Middlety Creek.
Clarksburg, West Fork River.......

Clays) Butialo.Creek soe.) ne
Cotton Hill, New River. .........---
Cowen, Gauley River............---
Harrisville, Hughes River......-...-

Huntington, Twelve Pole Creek-....
Keyser, Cabin unio 7. o. -ccas =a

New Creeks arate sale cece mee ee

iPatiersom:Creples tes cs ee
Logan, Guyandotte River.........-..
Mannington, Buffalo Creek.........-
Martinsburg, Opequon Creek..-.....

Polomacibivers: ter csiiaer a a ctac
New Martinsville, Fishing Creek. . .-
Oral /Oralihakee:.- c5¢ fo ace were
Paw Paw, Cacapon River........-.-.

Petersburg, Potomac River, South

PERI CME eter ene matin cies ern te Cs OEE

Romney, Potomac River, South

PB ranGh Gen then cee,’ en ise CP ee

Wisconsin:

Bangor, Cedar Lake........¢.......-
Nenkans Pondie2.sscete wen ccceniestee
RUNG soba naka eee tose soe

Baraboo, Dell Creek.............---.
MG Vis plkOseee se seen To eens os

Mirror Wakes: ssiccnssteotaeces che.
Pickerel Slough Pond.........-....
BOUL Bowetes ates sec a oe conte
DIS Wb ON s as oc. catees pes cee mss
Twin Slough Pond..........-...--
Barneveld, Ball Creek...............
Birnamwood, Bass Lake...........-
Mayflower Lake:s)...2-5-252. 40.2 -
ROOM Ua RO asta seiee cic ce wel cope peas

Black River Falls, Morrison Creek,

Boh UMonk yee ese bocca ne
Brokaw, Silver Creek.....------.--.-
Butternut, Bass Lake..............-
Cable, Bass Lakes os soo: 2tch

onry Wakes ise ene ae cantare

Os Waa Ouro eits ae tee ane tre

sale Wr: et: Aaa RO ie deal Said

iP, Comer Oreck ots. 50
Centuria, Biss Take. oes
Ger AGE esas ce ets ieee ot
Half Moon\Lakei oe. sit

Cedarbur:

Number. Disposition.
Wisconsin—Continued.
1,050 Centuria, Little Balsam Lake ......-
400 Long Lake......
15 Loveless Lake
15 Crandon, Sand Lake...........-:.--
800 Deer Park, Bear Trap Lake........-
45 Wish) Lakes: sccece scene ates
Wong Lak@..garea- vases cole ee
330 Donaldson, Clara Lake.............-
30 Island ‘Laker. oo duis co seeete eee
200 ‘ost Lakes. ote) eeten ee
265 Moccasin Lake........4...0.-2.-.-
450 Eagle River, Eagle Chain of Lakes...
15 Eleho, Otter Lake. .2......-2.2 ae
600 Fifield, McArthur Lake............-
600 Round ake 2032. ee seen eee
15 Fond du Lac, Lake de Nevue.......
15 Twin) Wakes oe. ck a-aatsenee eee
15 Fountain City, Mississippi River... .
15 Galesville, Beaver Creek.............
300 Genoa, Mississippi River..........--
15 Grand Rapids, Wisconsin River.....
15 || Hartford, Mud Lake
15 Hayward, Amidon Lake
Bass Lakers isso seen.
100 Burssinger Lake
450 Chief River, North Fork.........-
150 Couderay, Rivetss.:: 2.2 -2é ...28a oe
200 Crystal Wakes. - 02 ct ac qeateeaee
300 Deer hake sl.) cacaeee ae
100 Dunn bakognha eee ee ee
700 Graftonvibaket 4.20. iio ae
200 Grindstone Lake. ........2...>-.!-
100 Gummo Lakes. : ji2c2282 5. eee
600 ‘Horseshoe Lake. 255 Jo ce eee
100 ake) Tobacties cec.scenue cae eee
100 hong hake 20 ieee eee
125 McConnelliiakein ec. o.cs- seems
300 Martin sake oie outa Aue tang
100 Phaquawong Lake................
150 LDDs IRON SS oe eens see ery
200 Potato Lake yea ae e otee eee
300 Red Ike Lake...... Ei Tilton Get tert
700 PODACULCHETIVER. cE unas cnc ec se eae
150 TRVNeLsUaKOs.. oo eos cee cee a nceeee
SWOHubeM TiekOUe see cco, eee
450 Hazelhurst, Lake Katherine.........
Lake Kaubashien............
300 Lake Seventeen..........
Independence, Elk Lake...........-
300 Tron Mountain, Spread Eagle Lake..
100 Kilbourn, Wisconsin River..........
200 La Crosse, Mississippi River........-
100 Ladysmith, Hemlock Lake..........
600 Kegama ake. eee
300 Lake Beulah, Lake Beulah.........-.
200 Lake Delavan, Lake Delavan.......
200 Lynxville, Mississippi River.......-
300 Manitowoc, English Lake...........
300 Harps Lake: 225 55s seececemen cece
200 ‘Hartlaib Uakes css seer eer
150 Hampton aka eege cen esse ct en
200 SChissell Wakes ceccesee se ces cowie
200 MLLVOr iaikey See Ne eee See oe
200 Mattoon, Baker Lake. .-.....-......
Mayville, Rock River... ....-.4......
400 Mazomonie, Lake Marion...........
300 Mill Paes eens es a! so le
300 Medford, Kohns Lake...............
300 Lake, Thisty WO: <0. uc spesaeed
300 QOTTON as ete cc's co athte nme ae
300 EN Dp fe! Dye tia a an Cael eS
300 Mellon, Chitbibake.. <2. .oasberes awe
300 Le Land Lake.............. :
300 Dittle Walkers eso
300 McCarthy Lake......
300 Meéederiaiee sf osc lo eoes

a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

@

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Wisconsin—Continued. W isconsin—Continued.

Mellen, Moquak Lake..............- 300 Sparta, La Crosse River.......------ 100
Penokee ake ::. oo... ease ree 300 Heon- Mill Pond. i520 seneoue eee 200
RGUDOE UA O Ne as tatoo omen hm BE 300 Lower La Crosse River. ---..---.-- 400

Menomonie, Caryville Lake-........- 100 MeCoyiPRond)1.)55<124 eons eee 100
Wedamlbake sao 2uo 2. cathe J Reykisiek ats 100 MaliPong eb. ol 20s) sb ae ee 200
Maylosilmkos: 235... tissihicienisk 100 Newton Pond, Lower............. 200
Eighteen Mile Lake.............-. 100 Newton Pond, Upper.......-....- 200
(CUE ES9)d UC ee oe ee 100 Paper Mall Pond 5. 5<(.2se-ceesne 200
1 DL TERR Ce ee ee eee 100 Perchuliake i). ))2< 2ck eae oh eaneneeae 200
Lake Menomonie....2.222..:....< 100 ShoemakersPond) sacs. ccensensee 200
Manbeek Lake.......002.25.2----- 100 Star Lake, Ballard Lake............ 400
TUES al De 1s eS RP 100 Stone Lake, Grindstone Lake. .-.... 400
Moore Farm Lake.........:.......- 100 Runzeliakewseos.. 2 skeen seer 300
Mud Lakes. i... La ea Sa eA 100 Three Lakes, Butternut Lake....... 100
Aza Mr KO eS ee sane Vega h ss 100 Cookilakesae Ue yt ae 100
edicedamRiversis ios cecdees oe 100 Crooked(bakes as. ssl. deseo 100
HRGWS WUOKOs 26. 2820 edhe i i Sh 100 our Mile lakes. 2 tnd boae 100
emp WAKO Si oscchscawtete sek: 100 TOs Dake ae ee seit se seeds 100
wWalsonWake 2.2.2. .0 2.3 : 100 Little Moccasin Lake......-...-.-- 100

Nashville, Dry Lake 4 300 MapleiWake jo canaries sos 100

Norrie, ‘Lake Gotoit. 2. )..2.4)...25 300 One Stone Lake 100
Maviower Make: 220 202... dtmek 300 Planting Ground Lake......-.-.-- 100
TMA CO yes Se nas wi dst ahalaxif eid’ 200 Rangevuimevlake: 22. -.2.-teeacee 100

Park Falls, Big Bass Lake.........- 200 RicoWlake? .qucsceee see atesapace 100
Ruttemut Bakes << lec 2 -/Saene- 200 HoUundMwakGss. 2. sack cases oes 100
Hittle Bass Lake .. 3.2.0 .62602 sss 200 Mhund ewLakOes cases. eke re eae 100
Wshowslakeyes oe 226.0 Metis ft 200 Town Line Take...) ooo bebe See 100
ieuean Wakes cho so sons ee 200 Tomahawk, Crystal Lake......-..-. 200
iP iIgS) LEG Le 2) i ae a are ee 200 ID Sor ake: 2 obec oe on fae aac 200
(SHELGR po DE Gs ia ape re Se ee 200 mkeC lara nls pasos ieee he 200

Pembine, Belgium Lake............ 300 Marron Akeley eo secs e ess 200
Libs te Xo [bts Fil DE a en 300 TEST COLY Rag) ob Ss ae i ere a 200

Phelps, Big Bass Lake.............- 200 SomopRiversss-ce-seeree ee oe 200
North iwin' Take... <u ich a: 200 SpinitpRiver.. cece esc oe ate 200

Portage, Lake Swenson............- 300 Tomahawikeinlver.... .sscuecee seis 200
ake Wisconsin... 2... /.2:-s.5: 500 iWiscousintRiverssc2. 225582 5°h shes 200

Poynette, Mackenzie Mill Pond-.... 200 Tomahawk Lake, Wind Pudding

Prairie du Sac, Baraboo River. ..... 350 PAK ses Se cihac seein get see alte 300

Readstown, Cutoff Creek............ 225 Trempealeau, Chain of Lakes....... 300
Deadwater Pond.-.......2...--.-- 150 MississippivRiver: -- -.0 9.3.32 2052 a 2,385
Kickapoo River, Horseshoe Bend | Round ake). so. 6 oe ec meer 300

LIEV ee eee ee ae 375 Union Grove, Eagle Lake........... 300
Kickapoo River, West Branch.... 375 Waupaca, Rainbow Lake.-.......... 300

Reedsburg, Baraboo River 300 Wausau, Bipdiver ).- ccc a, 900

Rice Lake, Bear Lake.....-... 200 Winter, Bassihake!. 2708 ee oe ce. 300
Cedar bake sic. .2 uses eascects 200 Black Dan Lakes...) ioegabete 300
Dettz takes opera oo Bese gets 200 Wonewoc, Baraboo River.......-.-.- 200
Devas akeisee cee. tees ane Lo pasar 200 Malone oak. fecls se gees eee 200
Gindor Take jo. 2o0 148. Bes 200 IBGterS ay oese eke oe oo ate eeeeee 200
Hemlock ake J..2..csskeaeneres 200 RedrersiPond yey eso soe 200
MONE MAIKG 3. a258 | oe eek oesaes eet 200 Gand - Pang as pinnae nee 200

Shawano, Shawano Creek........... 100 Weolfenden: Pond: 2-2 les esse 200

Sheboygan, Goetzer Lake..........- 300 Wyocena, Lake George......-....-.- 200

Sheboygan Falls, Cedar Lake. -...... 300 Mall Pongo oa 5s 525 ees io gaaeee 200
(Gan V1 07 1 es a aa llr pie 300 || Wyoming:

GOLZPOWLAKO. 6.05 2usd secs) s cerodes 300 Cheyenne, Lake Minnehaha....-....- * 285
WigGOnMPAK! » -. 6.2 26c5. 4-5-0 ebis 300 ‘Pearsons Uakewe ee eo heer 570

Somerset, Apple’ River.........--.-- 125 Sloans dialkke. 2s. 25262 tok en tees 285
IS CCS PIE CDE SP ee tere he ameree 200 Canal Zone: Ancon, Panama Canal. 450

Sparta, Angelo Pond............-..- 300 ———_——

BCORSL ONG G5 ho 56)! 2 3. =F atos tae 100 Total b +320, 050
MP CHO MON Ge ste ar, 254252 emcees - DOOWUE yw ote tee aR: Le LE CL eal 961, 912
SGIISHNOME ONG. kts... steel. 200
SMALLMOUTH BLACK BASS.
Arkansas: Colorado: Palmer Lake, Palmer Lake. 200

Batesville, Spring Creek............- 90 || Connecticut:

DeQueen, Big Bear Creek..........-. 60 Greenwich, Peequo Lake..........-. 287

Elba, Little Red River............. 400 Plantsville, Plants Pond..........-. 100

Fayetteville, Clear Creek............ 80 Watertown, Long Meadow Lake. ... 120

Mammoth Spring, Myatt Creek..... 100 || Delaware:

Spring River: 2s. oe eee ae 100 Lincoln City, Reynolds Pond....... 500

St. Francis Station, St. Francis Wilmington, Belleview Pond......-. 500

HVED vic vce Jae Sacer ee ee 220 Circle:Pond 23052553 320 eeanes oe RAE 40

a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
b Lost in transit, 2,551 fingerlings.

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917,

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

SMALLMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

Disposition.

Indiana:

Edinburg, Sugar Creek.............-
Greensburg, Big Four Lake.........
New Albany, Silver Creek.....-...-.
Shelbyville, Flat Rock River.....-.
Towa: Delaware, Volga River.....-..-.
Kentucky:

Cadiz, Little River, Sinking Fork...
Madisonville, Spring Lake.........-
Munfordville, Green River. .....-..--
Louisiana: Natchitoches, Cane River -

Maine:

Machias, Hadley Lake..........----
Oakland, Little Pond...........-..--
Princeton, Big Lake............----
Lewey Oe Ee, EER Ce A
Wong Lak@ee ssi sencec see: sede ceeer
Readfield, Echo Lake...........----
Maryland:
Dickerson, Potomac River.......---
Frostburg, Potomac River........--
Hagerstown, Antietam Creek... .---
Conococheague Creek. ..........---
Rotomachhivers tases ens s acess =
Selbysport, Youghiogheny River...
Seneca, Potomac River.....-....----

Massachusetts:

Almont, Ames Lake...........-----
Meadow, Wake. -2-2222-202-2-- see =
Boxford, Stevens Pond...... ecee teee
Lowell, Flushing Pond........------
Hart Ponda. ts en he eaeeie ecemias
Dynes Pond eee eke eee eee
New Bedford, Long Pond......-.----
Mary(b OnGate eee sereeinn eis
Mattaporsett River........-.------
Snows: Ponds sie tee eee
Pepperell, Massapoag Lake...-.------
Pittsfield, Onota Lake.......-.-.----
Pontoosue Lake... ...- cate
Webster, Baker Pond...--
Carbuncle Pond..........--- ae
Chaubunagungamaug Lake. ------
Iaven pnd ser cece eee seen.
IPBtCRCE ONG eet ce ieien es ces
Michigan:
Hipens Devil bake... ..wcs-c:--ace-l9
Grandsake te ee ee

Athens, Clater Lake...........------
en yOnnaakGe- we oe eens et
Qebr Lakers ase een eee

Belding, Robsis take wos -.s.ec2 cee

Blissfield, Raisin River..........---

Brighton, Baeteka Lake.........----

Charlotte, Narrow Lake.......------

Cheboygan, Twin Lakes..........---

Clarion, Walloon Lake...........---

Concord, Swains Lake.........------

Dowagiac, Indian Lake.........-..--

East Tawas, Indian Lake......--..--

Hibs iiley ake oo) oso es eb one

Grand Rapids, Lappin Lake.......-

Highland, Alderman Lake....--.--..-
Bitten Wakestse ene. ofa = soe
Candy ake: 8st occ. este sck scence
Downey Waker scccces cose -c- eee
Duck Wake! sec eee hess se cn obese

Parvevsuakeltccpesenccccseseretr
WOR WUAKeo seat ee eens renee eee

Round Make. ccsstcceee cc casnccmes
Wihalen: Lakes) -esictcdeeeeusee
Hillman, Brush Lake........-.-----
ound Wake je ce sees econ ae Beas
Hillsdale, Baw-Beese Lake... ...-----

@ Rescued from Chesapeake

Number.

bo tO tO
388

S
S
o

ISIC
35
S

S888

ak tat tl etl

~

LAR RR

.

8838333

&
—

Disposition.

Michigan—Continued.

Holly, Simonson Lake.......-.-.---
Jackson, Browns Lake.......---.---

Gillett, Lake vesco.ece ews ee eee

Vandercook Lake..-..-.-..-------
Kalamazoo, Crooked Lake.......-.-
Lakeland, Huron River..-....-..---
Lapeer, Lake Neppissing.....-.---.-
La Roche, Lake Ella..........-..-.--

Dake Nettion.<cctenrtxe+eeeeeees
Manitou Beach, Devils Lake.-..----
Middleville, Thornapple River... ---
Milford, Round Lake.....-.-.-.-.---.----
Oscoda, Van Etten Lake.....-.--.--
Owosso, Maple River.....-.-.--------
Palmyra, Raisin River..-....--.----
Pentwater, Bass Lake.......--------
Pontiac, Ox Bow Lake.......-.-----
Richland, Miller Lake...-.....-------
Romeo, Cusic Lake...-...-----------
Rose Center, Hunniston Lake--...--
St. Louis, Pine River......-.-------

St. Lowis)Ponds.<<-+-.2..eoseeeeee

South Branch, Lake Mio...-...-----
Red Head Lake... -< 22202 22-3-eert

Springport, Duck Lake.........----
Walled Lake, Walled Lake..-....----
White Cloud, Crystal Lake..-...----
Mast Pond. c.cccecteh nee eee
Minnesota:
Deerwood, Bay Lake........-.------
Duluth, Lake Antoinette......------
Knife River, Crooked Lake....-.-.-.--
Litchfield, Dunn Lake..-.-...--.-----
Lake Minnebelle......--.---------
Dake Ripleycecce:nieepaceee eres
Male Stellass<.hcne eee eee
Lake Washington. ..---- a et
Richardson Wake: [2e= s8t2 oss. nae
White Bear, White Bear Lake. ..----
Missouri:
Arlington, Big Piney River. -.-.----
Aurora, Flat Creek....--...---------
Cabool, Hog Creek..-..-------- E
Kansas City, Alton Slater Pond.....
Lamar, Spring River, Muddy Branch
Mansfield, Bryant River-.----..------
Merwin, Corbin’s pond. .-.----------
New Hampshire:
Antrim, Gregg Lake....-...-..-----
Chesham, Silver Lake. .....---.-----
Concord, Contoocook River-.....-----
Plymouth, Loon Lake......--------
New Jersey:
Boonton, Consolidated Lake--.-.-.--
Rock Peon Lakes. sss ae
Camden, Willow Grove Lake...-.---
Dover, Picatinny Lake.....---.-----
Shongum Lake........-..---------
Hackettstown, Allamuchy Lake. --.-
Croton Lak@t-trceeer nite os ee
Guard Lock Pond.........-...----
Hatchery Ponds.......-.--.-------
Newburg Pond........--.---------
Lake Grennell, Lake Grennell.....--.
Morris Plains, Hospital Ponds.....-..
Patterson, Passaic River....-.-..---
Plainfield, Robinson Lake........---
Princeton Junction, Carnegie Lake. -
Saddle River, Connolly’s pond..---.
New York:
Addison, Canisteo River. .--....-----
Amsterdam, Schoharie River.....-- 1

Batavia, Godfrey Pond....-.---.---
Horseshoe Lake.........5+--------
Binghampton, Chenango River. .-..-
Susquehanna River......---------
Cazenovia, Cazenovia Lake....-..----
Clemons, Long Pond.......-.-.-----

Ohio Canal and restored.to original waters.

Number.

ee

Ohio:

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

SMALLMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

79

Disposition.

New York—Continued.
Cohoes, Mohawk River...-.....------
Collins, Hospital Pond -...:--:.--.---
Corning, Canisteo River..........---
Ghemuma River. 2.82 ole s2 ae oe
ConGuionvRiver 5-355 020222
Fonda, Middle Lake........:..--.--
West Caroga Lake..-......0..-...-
West Stink iLake-...s2-$033-ci-'<e
Glen Flora, Glen Lake..............
Gloversville, Canada Lake........--
Hamilton, Lebanon Pond..........-
pyoodmandPond':<. -2.8c8 ssa:
Harpursville, Susquehanna River...
Lake Bonaparte, Lake Bonaparte...
La Salle, Niagara River, Upper...-.
Le Roy, Oatka Creek...............
Monsey, Saddle River.............--
Moravia, Owasco Lake...........-.-
Newark, Canarquea Creek..........-
Niagara Falls, Niagara River...:....
Norwich, Bracketts Lake..........-
Chenango Wake: ! 232. 4.4.2 82%
Chenango Rivers. .............222.
McDonough ake: i5. secs 2222
Masts Ong: emo Rey be
Palmyra, Barge Canal.............-
Camp pelsrongie i. ti ttktres sso
ITEC CIR 13) a Ot Se a ee
Liveral (Onl te i Sa Ro Ok eee
Port Henry, Lake Champlain. ......
Lake Wawonaissa.......2........-
Rome, Bullhead Lake..:..........-.
Schenectady , Mariaville Pond....-...
Syracuse, Cazenovia Lake.......
erOSSiUaKkGs pS ae “
aamesvillePond s+ 2.2 ek ee
SCOP ARGUS er Lee ace SPAS!

Truxton, Tioughniough River, East
RCH eee Ee

Wines Risley Pond. 22252.2225. 505.2

North Carolina: :

Altapass, Emanuel’s pond..........

Brevard, French Broad River.....-.
Bake Wivirg 2... 700.02 07 = 7

Sapphire wake eoaaee ce ones on
Burlington, Glencoe Pond.........-
HawARiVeribOnd= jcc coc. 5 sedoc es
Piedmont: Lake_-2--....50 0002.04.

BeatnWuaken Solr oh it) bao
Connelly Springs, Alexander’s pond.
Ela, Soco Creek
Four Oaks, Keens Pond............
Hendersonville, Lake Wajaw.......
Hot Springs, Shulin Creek..........

prime Cneske ee. lla 2
Lake Toxaway, Lake Toxaway.....
Lumberton, McAlester’s pond......-
North Wilkesboro, Buffalo Creek....

| DI RC(GINECI ae 1 2 alee RS i

Yadkin River, Lewis Fork.......-

Yadkin River, Stony Fork........
Princeton, Holt’s pond.-...........-
Raleigh, Milburnie Pond............

Myatt Pond

Mentor, Morle
Steubenville,
Yellow, Cregkrae cos ccemec soa nek os

Eeippack (54 2)5) on inches Ae eae taal |
Ariel, Lake Lacawac...............- |
Atglen, Octoraro Creek..............
Beech Creek, Bald Eagle Creek......

Beech Creek... 2: MR 2. ace ee 1

Number.

Disposition. Number.
Pennsylvania—Continued.
Biglerville, Conewago Creek......-.- 400
Bushbkill, Deer Lake... 275-4 150
Delaware River: 22.2.4. 425s ee os 354
Porestibake: 222 5:252522s¢qese5eee" 200
Lakewaminent.)..s222.-24 see 200
Butler, (Glade Runsass25220222 eee 600
Little) Creek: 231 ossis2s5esteeeseees 1, 200
Rough Rane... 2s2sssas eee es 1, 200
ThormpCrecls: £ ss 3.53 3432s eee 1, 200
Chadds Ford, Patterson Pond...... 60
Cochranton, French Creek ........-- 200
Collegeville, Perkiomen Creek....-. 250
Skippack Croekssssco2c 55 See See 500
Confluence, Youghiogheny River..-- 400
Conneaut Lake, Conneaut Lake. .-.- 700
Connellsville, Youghiogheny River-. 200
Dalmatia, East Mahantonga Creek. . 61
Susquehanna Rivers sesce 122
Doylestown, Neshaminy Creek....-. 1, 200
Tohickon:CreekAaya wa eee 1, 000
East Greenville, Perkiomen Creek... 250
Skippack Greeks.2. 550. tee eee 250
Easton, Delaware River.-.......-.--- 620
Ellwood City, Connoquenessing
124 ho) a ac ea IE OEE So es 150
Factoryville, Lake Sheridan.......- 750
Falls, Lake Wynola......-.-...-...- 160
Franklin, Lake Emma..-.-.......--- 100
Sripar Creek sient Beay cay ay 200
Prazer, Ridley Pondss) 2202.82. 222 500
Freedom, Brush Creek.........---.- 61
Gettysburg, Big Marsh Creek....... 2,000
Graterford, Perkiomen Creek.-.-.....- 250
Sid ppack: Creeks. See ee 500
Green Lane, East Swamp-Creek ...-- 250
SkippackiCreekis ee se see 250
Hendricks, Perkiomen Creek......-.. 250
Skip packi Creeks eeouae ees 250
Jersey Shore, Pine Creek............ 122
Keisters, Slippery Rock Creek. -....- 80
Kratz, Perkiomen Creek...........- 250
SkippackiCreeke ty} eee 250
Lake Carey, Lake Carey.........-... 204
La Plume, Keewanee Pond......-... 102
Manatake Ponds Use agen ae = 102
Lebanon, Ebenezer Pond....-.....-. 300
Grohs Pond i stte ana seap anaemia 250
Little Swatara Creek.......-..-..- 500
Lewisburg, Buffalo Creek..........- 250
Lititz, Conestoga Creek......-.....- 750
McLeans, Perkiomen Creek.......-- 250
Skippack’ Creche. a5. cosas 250
Meadville, Cussewago Creek.......-. 200
‘French: Creeks (ete eek cea eae 200
(Woodcock Cretk se acne n= see ciee 200
New Castle, Neshannock Creek......} , 1, 400
Newport, Cocolamas Creek........-. 250
JuniatayRiverse. ce een a ee ae 1, 250
New Ringgold, Rausch Lake........ 408
Oaks, Perkiomen Creek oe 250
Skippack: Cracleh ses sa -eeacee | asa 500
Orwigsburg, Rausches Pond........ 500
Palm, Perkiomen Creek............- 125
Skippack Creek osescct tenes <nte2 125
Parkers Glen, Twin Lakes.......... 200
Pennsburg, Perkiomen Creek....... 250
Skippack Creeks.) 223k ck 250
Perkiomenville, Perkiomen Creek.... 250
Skippack Creek................... 250
Phoenixville, French Creek........- 250
Perkiomen Creek.........-....--.- 250
Pickering Creek............-.:.--- 250
Stony, Bim. 6:2) ee ee eee: 250
Pittston, Worden Creek Lake....... 500
Pocono Summit, Tobyhanna Creek.. 500
Tunkhannock Creek ...........-.- 75
Quakertown, Stover Pond.........- 400
Rahns, Perkiomen Creek............ 250
Skippachks Creek fo ses seen acne se oe i 500

80

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917,

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

SMALLMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

Disposition.

Pennsylvania—Continued.

Reading, Alleghany Creek..........
Ami rehico Creek: s } ct.is42 sateen <ielarm =
mernhart Creek oui. sco ee nie sine 3
Cacoosing Creek.............------
PBN MOTORK =. gatos deme eie ates est
Manatawny Creek ....).2...2 2 secse's5
Monocacy Creek. 2... 32. ocs dtu on’
Ontelaunee Creek..........-.-----
Socan yi Greek ecco inc oe ers
Wyomissing Creek.........------.<

Red Hill, East Swamp Creek. .....-.
Skippack Creek... swsuy-2 2 ees) =

Royersford, French Creek......-....-
Kimbertonvub Onn. 2e.ncccesene=

Salford, Perkiomen Creek........-..-
Skippack Creeks. secs =a a ee

Schwenksville, Perkiomen Creek. ..-
Skippack Creeks)... ccdec-caaa-ea ae

Sellersville, Perkiomen

Northeast Branch...........--.-

Sewickley, Big Traverse Creek :
Raccoon Creek.-.------------

Sharpsville, Shenango River....-...-

Shaws, French Creek..........-.---

Shenks eg Susquehanna River. .-

Ship Road, Forty Acre Pond

Yardley, White Pond..........-....
Yerkes, Perkiomen Creek.....--.---
Skippack Creek -..2- 22-2 ss nreince
Zeiglersville, Perkiomen Creek. ..-..
Skippack Creek oo. ees cna

Tennessee:

Clarksville, Barton Creek... ....-
Little West Fork Creek....-...---
ROO Vel ce ee eee cece nase

Cornersville, Richland Creek.......-

Estill Springs, Rock Creek. .......--

Gallatin, Bledsoe Creek.......------

Kingsport, Dolen Gap Lake.......-.

Mitchellville, Big Davis Pond.......

Murfreesboro, Stoner River... :

Norma, New River.....-.---

Okolona, Buffalo Creek......-.-----

Rock Island, Caney Fork River... -.
WOMLDS UV Gls amas seine cea telaslaci
Springfield, Red River.......-...---
artrace, Garrison River.....--.---
Texas: Texarkana, Spring Lake.......
Vermont:

Broadway
Branher. Cece ene
Outen, Sune neese wees eanee
Goshen, Calf Pasture River......-..
Hot Springs, Jackson River.......--
Lawyers, Flat Creek..............-.
L roa Odd Fellows Home
CRS athe eric oena paar qo aee
Roanoke, Roanoke River.......-.-.-
Woodstock, Shenandoah River,
Worth Worked: 17.20 eae a

Number.

West Virginia:

Disposition.

Berkeley Springs, Sleepy Creek. ...-
Capon Springs, Great Cacapon River.
Charleston, Elk River.....--......--
Groves, Groves Creek......---.-----
Huntington, Guyandotte River-....

Twelve Pole Creek............--.-

Fo
Porter, Elk River... ...-..¢2: seer
Raleigh, rues Raver syle tobe ebeeels
Shelton, Elk River... -2..-¢ ssa--een4
Wellsburg, Buffalo Creek........-.-.

Wisconsin:

Amery, Lost; Lak... -- 52-5 ses
Round Wake- cise) 4--so see eee
Ashland, Bass Lake... .2. ceases seee
Basswood Lake. -....-. sss3-eeen
Buck Hill Lake... ....-2 22s ese
Clear Lake ie. cc. =seen sae sep
Crystal ake. <2 22 2)-22 cues ee
Duck ake! 225. .2-. ae) eevee
Dupont Lake --- -s.c<. 9.)
Hiyerett Lakes... -2-2....-.seeeeee
Hwen, Wake. ..-:-s0----...seceees
Finger Lake...
Fish Lake.....
Lamal Lake...
Long Wakes. ./22 50-2 <n. hee
WynchVWakes. Semesss-= cee enna cee
ac-A-Nin-ny Lake.............--
IPhantont Wakes:.5-.2.-\-'saeticeeies
Pike Lak6.. woe sept ao sere

Siskowit Lake: <2. 2 0 = een cee
Smith Uake:2 22555. 2500 eee
Spider{Lakese. soem =e sena eee
Sitar Wakes. olenec- cece oe ok awe

White River Lake...............-
Athelstane, Elbow Lake............
Birnamwood, Mud Lake............
Burlington, Bohner Lake.....--...-

Brown Wake; o.-' 08. -Scbeececeme

Buttermut/liake:2. 22.2 5222s eee
Schnur Vakess 2.2.2 sisicc espa
Turtle Wakes. site if s.ccece ce eee
Cable, Bartlett Lake
Cable Lake...........-

Mud Lakers if2.02 pec pasrmbe es
Peiry WaAkG 28 def osceee ec een passes
Swede Lake:s:iscgscesescascar ea aq

Darlington, Pecatonica River. .....-
Donaldson, Big Portage Lake.......
Chrystal Tiakerrs cece. 2-2 0-se-ns
Crooked’ Lakescf2io ss... ..-e- lesan
Deor Lake were ce rape ccntanee
(Dollan Wakes fs. aeccuecnen
Ponohus akets2 o.oo. cases
Little Portage Lake........-......
Moon Pakeistee oo... tec
RounaGeree ss Ase oe eee
Spring uakers sso... n cess ethene
Hite Bass diske. .:. 222 eee
Drummond, Ashland Lake..........
Agmutn Wake sso: 251 oo. sams ene

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917,

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.
SMALLMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.

81

@ Lost in transit, 1,317 fingerlings.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.

Wisconsin—Continued. Wisconsin—Continued.

Drummond, Eau Claire Lake....-... 350 Mellen, Larson Lake............-.-. 300
BN Obi ba kevse Seto ee heh eka 350 Long Lake 300
BAST GASS IDO eee gals ose. 350 Loon Lake 300
FAPCOMMUAKG.. 325. 2 2rcae sceee ee 350 Mineral Lake . 300
Rawlinson Lake........-..----..-. 300 Taggett, Lake.....bis2 fee 300
‘eho ovuets(oy ell O72) fa: eee ee eS ee 300 Mercer, Mercer Lake........--.--=-- 900
Second Bass Lake........-.-.---.- 300 Odanah, Bad Lake. s....3. 2g 300
sjeluia) aul 22 aoe AAR eee aoe 300 Indian Hake. ys. e Sele 300

Ellis Junction, High Falls Pond...-. 600 Park Falls, Bass Lake............... 300

Glidden, Augustine Lake........... 300 Block House Lake..-.-......-.:22.. 300
MOR ake. 2.2. tate een west, 300 Gardner Lake. _....20222..8-0/--22) 300
Weer Wako. s..2as<ise tents sh - 525 300 Hey AKO oo 27 onic eine eee 300
1D) ganea¥{2) gl Uy: 5: ee ee ae 300 Newan) ake’. 2. .ctdeccttecss cena 300
1 (oto U1 B74 <a ape ee eA ee oe 300 Oxbow ake: oats ee 300
Muscalonge Lake... ..-......-----. 300 SchnurVakes . Jcsteton eee 300
UMM ake oe. 5. hse 300 Smith Wake.) sc cacesee see eee 300
Worrey Lake. -.---..---.------s-<- 300 Pelican, Pelican Lake..-.-.......--- 300

Grandview, Jacobsen Lake.........- 300 Shawano, Shawano Lake............ 300
Pee ne can crater 300 Soperton, Otter Lake............-.- 300
PEM PUUAKO se. ote we a= = wie aan 300 Stone Lake, Lac Court Oreilles....- 400

Hayward, Ghost Lake...........-.- 300 Whitefish Lake.................-- 400
Hayward uake.. S32... so-njo eshte 300 Trevor, Cooper Lake......-.-- Lees 300
uibbardguakers os ote aoe 300 Twin Lakes, Lake Mary........--.- 330
Wost Wand Wake? .. 9.) 2s20-=5-0~'= 350 Waupaca, Rainbow Lake-.......... 300
Perch Wakes = omen a2 soe ts 350 Wautoma, Eagan Lake...-.......-. 300
Mpcine MAK Onts Sab As one geen aret aint 350 Johns'Pake: --. Sica wesley ee 300
ReaAKO: ooo 45 2-252 saan sive 350 Silver Pakew iiss ececcsose ee ad 300

Hudson, Burkhardt Lake. 300 Wonewoc, Castle Rock Pond... 300
fice Mallolicn 5-2). con scncnee 300 Horseshoe Pond *. sens. seeeeeeinees 300

Ladysmith, Lake of the Woods. .-... 400 Wyocena, Duck Creek............-- 300

ene, Ceaaiine WAGE S20 Se a5 a —_—_——

SNS OG yf meas. fenyeyel sicfedar's & 237, 600
Dake Galilee: ote ae ees 300 Total a.....-...2----- 22+ +++ 2-2. { peo 837
ROCK BASS.

Alabama: Goouea
Abbeville, Hutto’s pond...-........ 150 Bellville, Brierwood Pond.-......-. 150
Anniston, Blue Pond..-....--..-.... 300 Gignilliat’s 195.013 (0 ae mere re 150

(CFA CEU CERT A ah i i a a 300 Douglas, Vicker’s pond...-.....--.- 250
We) wig bel GFW 2) op Ae i Se ea a 300 Lake Park, Smoke House Lake..... 600
100 1G 823 cee iocercne arenas gueeer 345 Roswell, Maddox’s pend sn evonecene 300
SlAIPSOMIS WONG se eee. ase Se 300 Social Circle, Lake Louise........... 250

Birmingham, City Lake...........-.. 40 Sunny Side, Darsey’s pond... ....--. 400

Elba, Seary Old Mill Pond.-......... 500 OldyPunip Ponds ven. 54ss405sce0 400
Panton Mil¥Pondss 322505. oe he 500 Tifton, Sutton’s pond........--.-.-- 500

Newton, High Spring Pond........-. 250 || Illinois:

Arkansas: Armington, Springvale Farm Pond. 300
Bellefonte, Spring Pond........-..-- 200 Belleville, Oak Pond............-..- 100
Conway, Owen Lake.............--- 350 Ofbons fake: 225i ise sa aebe 400
Delight, Jackson’s pond.....-.--.--- 300 Dahlgren, Sullivan’s pond. .-......-. 400
DeQueen, Big Bear Creek........-..- 800 White Hall, White Hall Pond..-...- 400
El Dorado, Meadowbrook Pond..... 300 || Indiana:

Fayetteville, Clear Creek............ 450 Blountsville, Acker’s pond........-- 150
niGnlaniOreek... 36505522. se enn s 450 Brownsburg, White Lick River : 500
White River, West Fork........-. 450 || Goshen, Stone Lake.............-.-- 400

Harrison, Crooked Creek.......-.-..!| 1,000 || Greensburg, Quarry Pond........--- 225

Hope, Pleasure Lake....-....-.-.-.. 400 Huntington, Salamonie River....-.- 500

Magnolia, Atkins’s pond.....-....-- 200 Lexington, Englishton Park Pond. - 200
APOLVZe Ones ken Fe. errs rents | 200 Osgood, Hunter Pond.............-- 225

Mammoth Spring, Warm Fork Creek 403 Sellersburg, Sunnyslope Pond......-. 225

Ozark, Conatser-Hill Pond........-.. 400 Tippecanoe, Roose’s pond........... 150
NTANUSMOROAKS ane ons ooo 2fs.. 23-2 600 |) Iowa:

Rottaken, Faulkner Lake........... 400 Edgewood, Honey Creek............ 300
Merrusou lakerssssenc sors. so... 400 Manchester, Maquoketa River...... 600
INS Wako gerase ease sate sss 2h 2 400 || Kentucky:
ink, Bayolseresssesssetee sve > oN 600 Brandenburg, Denton Pond........ 50
Bock Creaksy ae seen eee ee ke | 600 Cerulean, Little River, Muddy Fork. 1,000

Colorado: | Danville, McRoberts’s pond... .....- 50
Colorado Springs, Lake Erin........ 300 Franklin, Harrington Pond......... 50
Palmer Lake, Palmer Lake. ........ | 100 Fredinoa, Rice’s pond. ...........-- 50
Trinidad, Chaquaqua Creek......... 800 Hopkinsville, Little River. ......... 100

82

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

ROCK BASS—Continued.

Louisiana:

Disposition.

Kentucky—Continued.

Louisville, Floyds Fork........--.--
iHarods iCreek 2s see eter eee ccee

Morganfield, Flournoy’s pond.....-.-

Munfordville, Green River. ....-.-.---

Shelby Gap, Gifeson’s pond....-...-.-

Clinton, Dilly’s pond....-..-...---.-
Frierson, Frierson’s pond. ..-.-..--.--
Gloster, Burford’s pond ....---------
Homer, Gladney’s pond.....-.- eens
Lake Charles, King’s pond.....-..--
New Orleans, Aquarium..........--
Maryland:
Bradshaw, Marye’s pond.........---
Dickerson, Potomac River....--...--
Edgemont, Ball Hill Pond.........-
Seneca, Potomac River. -..-.....-.-
Woodbine, Mullinix’s pond...-..-.-
Missouri:
Aurora, Honey Creek. .-....-..-..--
Ferguson, Wabash Club Lake... ..-.
Jaudon, Grand River, tributary of. .
Rich Hill, Logan Lake..........-..-
Rolla, Little Piney River......-...--
Middle Gasconade River........--
Montana: Myers, Walker Pond. ....-.-
New Mexico:
Elida, Kornegay’s pond. .-.-....-.-.-
Roswell, Cottonwood Lake.-.......-
New York:
Garrison, Dole’s pond....--...------
Huntington, Little Rosemary Pond.
North Carolina:

Old Fort, Camp Greckc Sete ene siee
Pee Dee, Blewett Falls Pond........
Pittsboro, Hailbourn Pond.........-
Ohio:

Cambridge
Rock. Hill Ponds 07 ee

London, Ellsworth’s pond. .-.....-.-
Mansfield, North Park Lake........

Oneida, Sand. Rock Pond.......-.--

Plymouth, Huron River, East

Branch: tee eu betes este.
Rogers, Pine View Pond....-.......
esate ten Courthouse, Parry’s

DOH Ss. Feetcinee Ase iee = oro k nace
Youngstown, Indian Creek..........

Oklahoma:

Ada, Bushie AOOUIG pare ctg gered
Ardmore, Ardmore Club Lakes... ..

Dings Laker. cones eee re

Armstrong, Hatchery Ponds. .
Choteau, Adkins Lake...-.-.
Davis, Freeman Lake.......

Number.

SRSESe58S8 88

South Dakota: Virgil,

Texas:

Disposition.

Pennsylvania:

Doylestown, Tohickon Creek.......-
Everett, Juniata River, Raystown
Branch.) 5 secenexs Hc teoee’ phos Me
Hanover, Browns Pond........--.--
Dicks Pondis:i-:ccccclen tee
Lilley: Pond 22222 i52s.2uceeretees
Little Conewago Creek.......-----
Obold Pond.........--
Plum Creek..::...--: St
Slagle'Creek: .s: 2 2: -B ee Poa ee
Sellersville, Barndt’s pond.......-.-
Williamsport, Loyalsock Creek......
Lycoming Creek /: i222. eee

South Carolina:

Anderson, Masters Pond.....-.-----
CligpsEddy: Pond: as seece sees
Welch Ponds. ..:<)..2:2c25c550"
Creston, Boggy Gully Pond.....-..-.
McBee, Horton’s pene 2 ha6ceeoue sae
Norwood’s pon@ss5- 52520222526 a
SwittiGreek oi ss6se 2255 o eee

Cowan, Boiling Fork Creek... .-----

Castleberry Branch. .......-------
Fishery, Sinking Creek..-.....-.----

Spring Branchseene. erie a eeee
Gallatin, MeGar’s pond..........---.
Hollow Rock, Watkins Pond... .--.-.
McMinnville, Mountain Creek. -.-.-
Maryville Webb’s pond ase eee
Shelbyville, Duck River...........-
Springfield, Red River, Elk Fork...

atertown, Hall @reekeacnwcceeeeeke

‘Abernath

Brady, Dutton’s PONG << ese xlsenee
Brenham, Club Lakes.........-.-.-.
Spring TARR SSeS ek Sey eee
Brownwood, McChristy’s pond....--
Denison, Templemeyer’s pond....-.
Edgewood, Oak Leaf Lake..........
Fredericksburg, Bierschwale’s pond.
Jacksonville, Churchill’s pond.......
Devereux’s pond : 325-2 253-22ees
Douglas's pond. {2552 -c- ron. aeepes
Morrest/Sjaker. 2s. oat cece eee
Grayardisilake: 22.5 2ceens. cme
Morris's lake s>.2--<tee20e— ie
Williamson’s lake.....-..
La Mesa, Sherman Pond...... ye
Longview Jct., T. & P. Lake........
Mineola, Wood Springs Pond. ......
New Braunfels, Comal River. -- -..-
Paris, Clear Take, | -reermer ena.
Crystal Wako. t ess seeeeceenee sare
Pleasanton, Martin’s pond.........-
San Antonio, West End Lake. .....
Sherman, Club Lake. -:--.-.......2.
Grass Lake ere ee os
ily Ponder essen enero eee
MeBiredth’s pond 3... .o- fen. nem
Mesquite ake rs... 225.52. <a
Smit
Terrell, Bond’s pond....-..-.--. aks
Wbalren Belloc cone eccicstes cscs nea
IMM On yguakOscnsccescecsc-sasenae
Tyler, Chinquapin Lake. -...........

IENGUS MALE O00 s oaies---- se eoaee
bea
Clifton, Rhodes’s pond..........----

Dunn Loring, Cornell’s pond. .....-
Eagle Mountain, Catawba River. ...
Elliston, Roanoke River.......-----
Fagg, Roanoke River, North Fork..
Greenwood, William’s pond.,..-.--.-.

Number.

—y

-

SeaeseSS 8 SSSS5S5

mr

ae

150

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

ROCK BASS—Continued.

83

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Virginia—Continued. Virginia—Continued.
Houston, Powell’s pond. .-........--. 150 Starkey; Back Creek: 2. {45-e5s8eee: 400
Tronto, Roanoke River, North Fork. 500 Wytheville, Tates Run...........-.- 300
Keysville, Glenn Spring Pond...... 200 |} West Virginia: Martinsburg, Baker
Leesburg, Harper’s pond. ..-......-. 100 GAs 8 Se eee ane i OE 1, 500
Paces, Walton’s pond. ............... 400 || Wisconsin:
Plains, Goose Creek .......--..--2.-- 1,000 Bangor, Marrs Ponds 22h. 4 ees wee 80
Proffit, Gale Hill Pond..-..-........ 150 Genoa, Mississippi River............ a 300
Randolph BpEne Pondesaseees een 200 Leslie, Bahner Branch.............- 600
Richmond, Harnish’s jooeXGle ee Ea Gee 400 Lynxville, Mississippi River. -...._. 4300
Roanoke, Peters Creek.............- 500 || Canal Zone: Ancon, Panama Canal... 500
ROANOKA RIVER. a2 fee cans 600
Miniker Creek: 72). eke. Sia 400 Notallbrse ss Joe: tse ead 91, 742
Salem, Roanoke River.............-. 600
WARMOUTH BASS.a a.
Illinois: Galena, Mississippi River... -. | 2,000 | Iowa: Bellevue, Mississippi River. .... 400
SUNFISH.
Alabama: Alabama—Continued.
Abbeville, Jack Creek....-.-.-.----- 450 Elba, Cox Mill Pond................ 100
WMantinsiliak@s: ceo. cs sioatecipeck 750 FaweettLake-. 255 220. 22k: 100
Alexandria City, Heflin Pond.....-- 50 Hudson Laken 3255 oes ese 100
ibhomias Pondescs 522... sacs he 50 Hudson Mill Pond..............-- 100
Aliceville, Crim Lake..........-.-.. 300 Einncane Pond Bee ere sane en 100
Anniston; Blue: Pond)... .22:--.----- 700 Keierce MillPondine. csce ee oe ea 100
Choccolocco Creek.........-------- 300 Ong RONG eA ENE. Pear en ee ee 100
Ashby, Merchants Pond...-...-.-.- 100 PageiMaill Poridiccseeeoosaa aoe 100
Ashland, Mattison’s pond..-.......-- 175 Power eoaneny Wakes ake cece 100
Athens, Crowson’s pond........----- 150 Sawyer Mill Pond...-.- 100
Bellemina, Mooresville Pond--...-.--. 150 Spinal Ponda ee ee 100
Billingsley, Nummy’s pond...-..-...- 150 Sweetwater Creek................. 100
Birmingham, City Lake............- 25 razor Mull Pond! scenes Suses ae 100
Edgewood Lake 600 Enterprise, Blancket Pond.......... 200
BIMCHAS POUGS So ogae o's << a 300 Center Head Pond................ 200
LED (Greats Tag 210) 06 | eas eee 150 EKoline, Wyatt’s pond..............- 120
Mungers pond i255 ° S52... 300 Epes, Kimbrough’s lake............. 150
LEYS) ed 240) a C6 lee ae a 300 Eufaula, Hatfield’s pond............ 150
Shades Creek... ...... Spee neepeee 900 Country Club Ponds......-.....-. | 600
Borden Springs, Terrapin Creek..... 120 Dentispondss 2 te ese 80
Boswell, Bosweil’s pond............. 40 || Fayette, Oak Ridge Pond........... 150
Brantley, Gilchrist’s pond...-.-...... 200 Sipseyg@reeke. 2852 yom ne aoe ras 600
SOHNSON’S Pond! (A) sens cee cere 200 Fays, Yarbrough’s pond....-.-..-.- 150
sobnson’s pond! (B)ss-.c0-8- eee ce 100 Florence, Weeden’s pond..........-- 150
Johnson’s pond (C).-+......-...-- 200 Fort Payne, Edgewood Lake.......- 150
Briarfield, Mahan Creek, Spring WillsiGreek sneer ee eee 750
HAPANICIUIN ISAS! 222 2S velteca ary ae es 300 Garden City, Copeland Pond........ 150
Buffalo, Newman’s pond............ 50 Glenwood, Branch Pond............ 200
Capps, Spivey MallsPondonc 55502 06 150 Goshen, F'loyd’s pond...-....-.....- 150
Chatom, Big Bassett Creek........-. 600 Sikes) MulltPorndesgeseeet seems 200
Cherokee, Prides Lake...-.........- 80 Grady, Tucker’s pond........-..--- 150
Clanton, Mountain Lake............ 150 Grimes, Herrings Pond...........-... 150
Clayton, Bush’s pond ..............- 300 Headland, Black Pond.............. 60
Ena aa rts 7010) 016 Kee ee a 150 Deep Spring Pondewees = oosecee 150
PRatIVAT OMAGH 22°. 02522 Se? 150 Kirkiand?s pond saesss asses cone. 150
Columbia, Blackshear Branch....... 150 MeNeoill’s pondssee See eee ee 150
Clover Spring TRAV E TA Oh see Ree 150 Riley7s Wonder sence osee 100
Holivayoodirond. =). fo. 150 Huntsville, Broadview Pond.......- 150
Cuba, McGowen’s pond..........--.. 300 Jasper, Bankhead’s pond (A). 300
Cullman, Cleere’s pond............-. 150 Bankhead’s pond PB) Ep daha 450
Si. Bernard) takers 2 150 Blackwater River...........-. 4 600
Ducker!s PGNderase ee se tLe 150 Chrishianis pondss2s 02-222 Seas 150
ora, Hillbakerss espe st INET 3 150 Hal Bakers ae ees. avec ene. 100
Vandiver’s pond 150 Kennedy, Gum Spring Pond.....-.. 150
Elba, Buck Branch................. 100 Kinston, Richardson’s pond (A)... 200
Busch, Branch sss sas seo se ae ES 100 Richardson’s pond (CB) ee 200
Gains Wake: sssae2 5 sees seen bey 100 Lapine, Russell’s pond..........-..- 150
(Cotton Lake: :: shea wae, eo 100

@ Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters,

b Lost in transit, 400,

84 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

SUNFISH—Continued.

Disposition.
ee

Alabama—Continued.
Leighton, Lander’s pond...--.-----.
ineville, Alexander’s pond........-
Lake Mae...-.---------------------
Lineville Lake.....---------------
Smith’s lake...--.----------------
Horne Lake....-------------------
Livingston, Turner’s pond......--..
Loachapoka, Rowell’s pond.....----
Louisville, Fuqua’s pond (A)....-.-
Fuqua’s pond (B
Hick’s pond....-.-----------------
Lime Spring Pond..--------------
Michele Branch. ...---------------
Lowndesboro, Reese’s pond ..-.-----
Luverne, Cody’s lake
ights Pond...-.----
dred Lake...-------
Wright’s pond. ..-----------------
Madison, Cave Spring Pond...--.----
Farmers Pond: .---------------=-
Herring’s pond....----------------
Vamos Gnd seecee sesso tiseacee ===
Willow Lake\(A)...---.---------=-
Willow Lake (B)...---------------
Marion, Woodfin’s pond....---------
Montgomery, Candler’s lake... ..--.-
Dixie Pond
Montgomery Lake...-.-.----------
hiree Mile: Creeks... 2 ~~ <--->
Tyson’s pond.....-.-.------------
Newton, Fireleads Pond....-..-----
Oneonta, Black Warrior River.-.-.--.
Eureka Home Pond...-.----------
man taKGess tenets eee oar
Opelika, Thomas’s pond......------
Opp, McDaniel’s pond. ..--- Se ete
@bsters pond 2.62 - eee - = ennai
Orrville, Blount’s pond....--.------
Oxford, Snow Creek.....:...-.------
Patsburg, Spradley’s pond..-..-..---
Pell City, Waite Dairy Farm Lake. .
Petrey, Fowler’s DOUG. eter ae oe eae
Phil Campbell, Smith Lake......-..-
Pinckard, York’s pond......-...----
Pine Hill, Indian Creek.....-..--.--
DhemMold Ss PONGe wee. 2 cae = mje 50)
Plantersville, Gay’s pond...-.-..----
Prattville, Wingard’s pond.......-.--
Quinton, Lake Bankhead.......----
River Falls, Cooper’s pond....------
Roanoke, McCarter’s 10) 6 La Ree se
Wsseryisiake eee: wncescee seca.
Roswell, Burge’s pond......----.---
Round Mountain, Hendrix’s pond. .
Seale, Chadwick’s pond.....-...----
Selma, Ward’s pond........--.-----
Stewart, Cumming’s pond.....-..---
Suggsville, Cedar Lake.........--.--
Sulligent, Ogden’s pond...-....--.---
Talladega, Boswell’s pond......--.--
Talladega Creek.......-.--.------>
‘Tanner, Peck’sipond 22. - = =~ s<sa- ane
Tennille, Prestwood’s pond.
Three Notch, Davis’s pond..
Reynold’s pond........-... ame
FLpoWs Carter POU re. cia tae <n = <1
Cowart’s pond 2 =. 2a. - 28 24. so
Henderson Wake’ 2-2 Fos -< 222 <a
Dightioot?spondee oe oe. wen
McLeod’s pond Diese! Make oe mre
Northcutt’s lake... ......-...-..-

Thundering Springs Pond...-.....-
Trussville, Wyldwood Lake.........
Tuscumbia, Mitchell’s pond........-
Union Springs, Gholston’s pond.....

MOSS MONG stais'n. Sete Gase. bossmc

Martin’ spond=.G.25.-.22-2..0-nees

Number.

Disposition.

Alabama—Continued.

Uniontown, Cromer’s pond....-.....-
Houshes, Pond vide s-- cs --o= eee
McCorkle Lakelais 340-2. s uasee

Valley Head, Little River...........
Little River, West Branch........

Verbena, Sandy Creék «352553 2a

Winfield, Aston’s pond.......-..-...

York, Allison’s lake......... peared

Arizona:
Benson, Walnut Grove Farm Reser-

Globe, Rosevelt Lake-..........--.--
Herford, High Lonesome Pond.....-
Winkelman, Cook’s lake.......--.--.
Arkansas:

Arkadelphia, Arnold’s pond... -.-..--
Aubrey, Snipes’s pond......--.-----
Black Rock, Black River.....-..---
Daprrett, Cache River. ....s2--5eseee
Earle, Hood Lake.........-- be
Long Lake
Emerson, Spring Lake...... sa
Fayetteville, Clear Creek........-.--
White River, West Fork......----
Highland, Bell’s pond. .222..¢.eoie
Junction City, Brown’s pond..-.-.-...-.
Magnolia, Baker’s pond...-....------
Goode’sipond eh verae a: = epee
tutchinson’s pode. sa) eee eae
Spring Wake: «cccmaee = sere
Stevens's ponds. soe nee
‘Wiestndebond 023-2 ee rere
Mammoth Spring, Warm Fork Creek
Many Islands, Myatt River.-.......-.
Nashville, Glendale Pond.-........-.
Huddleston’s ponds. nas s nese
Williams’s pond ss. ora csrrense see
Prescott, Bryson’s pond.............
Rogers, Osage Creek........-..-.----
Rudy; Deden’spond:--.---~--.ceeee
Stamps, Silver Maple Pond.........
Sulphur Springs, Lake Ark-Mo-Kan
Tuckerman, Layfon Lake...........
Waldo, Rhodes’s pond.......-....--
Yellville, Matlock’s pond...-........
Colorado: ;
Denver, Lakewood Lakes.........-.
Willow sPond: <2 .s2gcn co seeceaeee

Tich’s pond < +... wore Geneee aee eee
Delaware: Wilmington, Circle Pond...
District of Columbia: ‘Washington,

Rhodment Lake. 25.2 ences pede ce as
Florida:

‘Alturas, Stat Lakeeeceesccc.-cesmcme

Lady Lake, Lake Alice..............

Lake Mattie: s no. eset na wsmcepbine
anes Lake Bertha...-....--.-L-.

i ean
Abbottsford, Maxwell’s pond........
Adairsville, Saylor’s pond
Algmo, Kent's pond. .-2..- ccnp eens
Alston, Southside Pond.............
Ash Grove, Spring Lake............
Atlanta, Candler’s pond.........-...
Chattahoochee Club Lake.......- ie

VY
McClelland’s pond aie Gash en ee ee ere
Athens, Brooks’s pond........-.----
Augusta, Arnold’s pond..........-..
Carmichae] Pond)... 250. ecnecsee e
Avera, Clark’s pond........-.......-

@ Rescued from overflowed lands and returned to original waters,

Number.

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

85\

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

SUNFISH—Continued.

Disposition.

Georgia—Continued.
Baxley, Speer’s pond......-.--------
Bellville, Black Pond.......--------

IKennedy/S DONG. \n\n1n0-al'see Sea
Box Springs,
Bremen, Bucx Creek, Headwaters. -.

IBOSOye RONG Ess ceca aces ee tana
Brownwood, Kinchafoonee Creek...

Wallers Mill Pond...........------
Broxton, Leggett’s pond......-.----

WACKETSSIPONG oa oe cele cicicin oes
Buena Vista, Davis’s pond..-..-.-.-.-
@airo, Shiver Pond .........---.-.-<J:
Carrollton, Happy Hollow Pond....
Cartersville, Pettits Creek.......-.---
Clarkston, Morris’s pond........--.-
Colbert, Carithers’s @uGltseeeeeser
College Park, Heard Spring Pond...
Comer, Bankhead Pond.........-.--
Congers, Farmer’s pond.......-.----
Covena, Hall’s pond.............-..-.
Crawfordville, Asbury’s pond.......

Ogeechee River. o.4--50--\- seas
Culloden Battle’s pond..........-..--
Cusseta, King’s pond.........------.

Wiynm’s pond 2 seeee5-2 Staasees
Cuthbert, Crumbley’s pond.........
Dallas; Griss!Pond - ..-. <5. 5235256
Decatur, Akin’s pond..........-....

Babashula Pond..........--------
Douglas, Lake Peterson.........--.-

Sims's pond/o2.0.555.steset Sasso.

Spring Head Pond...........-..--.

MoOuCchtOn’S PONG -.sso-~sgaseooase

Vickers’s pond...

Dublin, Dreamland Lake..-....-...
Dunwoody, Nancy Creek, Head-
IVSUCTSsnciew aa aoe rn scos tacmncise nate
Elberton, Poplar Spring Pond. .....
Whiteside’s pond.......-.-.-.-.-.
Ellabelle, Black Creex..........-----
Ellaville, Dozier’s mill pond.........
Montgomery Mill Pond..........-
Usry’s mill pond
Fayetteville
Fitzgerald, Lynwood Make. 2:20: 3%

Hampton, Derrick’s ponds! 22282002%
Hopeville, Lee’s pond...............
Hawkinsville, Anderson’s pond.....
Richardson’s ene SERS ECHec cee ccc
Holly § rings, ittle River
James, James’s pond
La Grange, Aubrey’s pond..........
Lake Park, Ashley’s pond...-.......
Claytonitakel 25.5.2 208. wigs
iNrancis Waker +2! 5-2. 225.. 5525 Lu8
Jones Laketsewe.) tutcbiet) st. oes

Lake Tom

waren e eee e eee ne

Lawrenceville, Davis’s pond..-......
Lithonia, Jones’s pond...........-.-
Louisville, Weeks’s pond............
Luthersville, Upshaw’s pond........
McIntyre, Eady’s mill pond.........
McRae, Creekside Pon
Macon, Herring’s pond..............

Willingham’s pond................

99805°—19——13

Number.

Disposition. Number.
Georgia—Continued.
Marietta, Delk’s pond.......----.--- 200
Mcoiyre’s pond. .....-.5-seneuest eee 50
Maxeys, Nichols’s pond.......--..-- 100
Mayfield, Lake View.........-..-.-.- 400
Meldrim, Ogeechee River....-...-.- 1,000
Metter, Turner’s pond! -UPSyse see 100
Montezuma, Felton’s pond.......... 175
Frederick Mill Pond.............. 375
ILOWISIS| PONG. 2. Sac cecal cctece nsec 375
Riverside Wake---.- 1 cceeec sone 175
Monticello, Jackson Spring Pond..-. 50
Norwich, Montgomery’s pond.....-. 300
Ocilla, Poplar Spring Pond.......-.. 300
Preston, Jenkins’s pond.-...-..-.---- 400
KingvPondessssesee tesa a ees 375
Quitman, Bentley Lake......-..-.-- 300
Blue ROnd eases aseas-nee eee ae 300
Elam Branch Lake.......-..-.-.-. 400
Mernside Vaketese= ste sessed oc 400
iKniehtsiiakeeescccce--en senses 300
Rebecca, White’s pond......-.-----. 200
Reynolds, Beaver Pond.........-..- 400
Richland, Highnote’s pond..-......-. 175
Roberta, Hardies Pond....---.----- 200
Plarris’S PONG. cesses seca 100
Rockmart, Holly Springs Pond....- 100
[Parris’S| ponds ses sennat aoe see ae 300
Roswell, Manning’s pond.....-.-.-- 175
Rupert, Copper pondee. sss. see 200
Savannah, Chapman’s pond...-....-.- 200
VOHCSMUAKes sean teeee ee aeea 200
Scottdale, Scottdale Mills Pond..... 100
Screven, Little Satilla River........ 600
Siloam, Oliver Pond........---...-- 150
Smyrna, Fambrough’s pond......-- 50
Social Circle, Gibb’s pond.........-- 200
Malcom’s pond........----.-.- 200
Soperton, Bahtail Pond- -... 300
HMienry/sipond).5 saa. accu 150
Aiken) Pond’ 220s ss. 23h. sec aancee 400
Sparta, Lewis Pond...........-....- 200
Ogeechee Lake! 3.2 S245 322.2 352 600
Spread, Rhodes’s pond........--..--- 300
Statesboro, Cannon’s pond........-. 150
Memrples's pondiass-sa eee eseseeee 400
Stone Mountain, Venable Lake..-.... 300
Sunny Side, Malain Mill Pond...... 400
Minters pond: .- 22. sees oseeee 400
Swainsboro, Bell’s pond..-...-.-.-..-. 300
Chalker’sipond= <4. 2322: 4-esse 175
Durdenwhond = 2. ea sane donee 800
Open! Creek: Pond 2223: 3222 3-:J-2 400
RountreeiPond:. ==. 2. Sess ee 50
Tarrytown, Warnock’s pond........ 300
Thomasville, Rains Pondeessssaee. 300
Hall Pond ste sees eee soe 300
Woodland! Pond) - {2s enesss esas 300
Thomson, Brier Creek......- 1, 200
Sweetwater Pond...-. 400
Tifton, Whitley’s pond..-..- 300
Valdosta, Fenders Lake 400
Richardson: Ronde aaensoeeesas see 400
Vidette, Robinson Pond.......-.... 300
Wadley, Perkins Pond....:......... 200
Warthen, Sparks’s pond..-.......... : 200
Washington, Pope’s pond.....-..... 100
West Point, Eastridge’s pond. .-.... 150
White Plains, Jarrell Pond..-....... 150
WAPDSUAS|PONG: 2.0 sa aas eee 150
Willacoochee, Spring Pond.......... 300
Winders Gooctrs pond: 22.2... sseee. 150
Wray, Rogers’s Ond/accesee saeenee 300
Wrens, Big'Creek.......0/: 3.0 600
Wrightsville, Ohoopee Creek. -...... 1,000
Illinois:
Alexis, Sedwick’s pond............. 200
Apple River, Apple River.........., 500

86 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.
SUNFISH—Continued.

Disposition.

Tllinois—Continued.
Chicago, Aquarium. .....-.---------
Council Hill, Fever River.-......-.--
Crystal Lake, Crystal Lake. -.......
Dallas City Lake Cooper. =e eee Je
Dix, Purcell’s pond. ....-------.----
Elizabeth, Apple River. .-.---------
Farmer City, Salt Creek. ates
Galena, Mseteas River
Galesburg, City Lake- ..
Greenfield, Mill Pond...-..-
McLeansboro, Jones’s pond. - - ei
Meredosia, Meredosia Bay--.-...-.---.-
Millington, Fox River.-.......-.----
Nora, Apple River..........-.------
North Hanover Apple River......-:
Ozark, Reynoldsburg Ponda. vedi ue
Rodden, Apple River..........-..--
Scales Mound, Fever River-....2.0-2
Shelbyville, Kaskaskia River. .-.-.-.
Stockton, Plum River. ............-
Warren, Apple River. .......-.....-
Waverly, Brown’s pond...........--

Indiana:

La Fontaine, Gards Gravel Pond. .-
La Grange, Appleman Dake.<. i200

Cotton Wake escrito se iasicaactoeh
La Porte, Pine Lake..........---20--4-
Liberty, Sugar Creek Pond...-.....-
Morris, South End Pond...........-.
Muncie, Gravel Pit Pond. ........--
Nappanee, Stump’s pond.........:.
New Point, Kleumper’s pond.......
Paoli, Wells’s Monde Tee sate ae
Plymouth, Dixon Lake.-.........-..

IPPOGLY BEB se raicica series eee eee
Ridgeville, Warren’s pond. -.........
South Bend, Clear Lake............-

owa:
Adelphi, Ballard’s pond............-
Bellevue, Mississippi River.........
Boone, Des Moines River. ........-.
Carroll, J udies (0) 0150 pe ee ee ca
Edgewood, Honey Creek............
Fairfield, Fairfield Pond. ----......-
Viymypeal:vol{c\olo nts (6 Sen aeE eee Helse an =
Fairport, Mississippi River..........
Mississippi River.........-....--.-
Lime Springs, Upper Iowa River. . .
Manchester, Maquoketa River. .....
North McGregor, Mississippi River..
Underwood, Benson’s pond.........
West Burlington, Railroad Pond....
Kansas:

I

Drury’s pond CROP Ae ee eer
Sebastin’s pond....0.2e2 ope eee
Corydon, Horse Lot Pond...........

Number.

150

a Rescued from overflowed land and returned to original waters.

Disposition.
Kentucky—Continued.
Dixon, Jackson’s pond......---- “= 24[]
Dry Ridge, Carlsbad Lake.......... | 200
Exron, Funk’s pond..........-.-.-- 100
Elkton, Sunnyside Pond..-.........- ; 100
Ferguson, Davies’s pond.........--- i 100
Franklin, Beard Pond. ............- | 100
Boaz Pond... 23a 2 eee | 100
Eldridge’spond. sooo aes | 250
Gomer Pond .......2...5 uate: eee | 100
Hays Pond..... 100
McClanahan Pond 100
Neely’s pond....... | 100
Red Pond... | 100
Slacks Pond -|! 100
Sloan Pond. |! 100
Sloss Pond... --|| 100
Widener Pond........- “it 100
Georgetown, Hall’s pond..... .-|| 200
Gilbertsville, Gregory’s pond . || 100
Glasgow, Duff’s pond...... wall 100
Greenville, Coomb’s pond.......---. 100
INewian’S, PONG «6 i<<.-qs<iq 0) ae 100
Guthrie, Church Hill Pond.......... | 200
Hawesville, Indian Lake........-..-.. 800
Hodgenville, Goodin’s pond.......--. 100
La Rue’s pond ....4:h2cnscencacsee 100
ong Pond awn. nnqassauaaecteeoealt 300
Hopkinsville, Hays Pond.......-..-- 100
Kenton, Rigg’s pond......--------.- aed 150
-Kuttawa, Cumberland River...-...- | 5s @ 2,831
Lakeland, Hospital Lake...........- 000
Lawrenceburg, Blakemore Pond. ...|) 200
Cox’S DONG Sa anacnueasaadeoeee 100
Aront’S PGNG sai .cs sadness donee 200
Leitchfield, Beauchamp’s pond. -.-- 200
Louisville, Floyds Fork........--.-.|| 2,100
Harrods Greeks. tases - eaee ee ‘ 2,100
Madisonville, Laughlin Lake........ 100
Morganfield, Flournoy’s pond......- 200
Mount Sterling, Clark’s pond........|| 150
Grassy Lick Creek SOARES se ae bo 450
Otter Pond, Sim’s pond alte Agia 100
Pembroke, Brewer § ponds: ..2-5- <<. 100
Pulaski, Pleasant View Lake......-- 200
Russellville, Browning’s pond....-..- 100
Tillie, Collins’s pond......-...---.-. 100
Whitesburg, Polly’s pond...-....--..]) 100
Louisiana:
Bogalusa, Pine Tree Lake........... | 150
Lecompte, Bayou Beauf......--.-.. 300
New Orleans, Aquarium.....-.....- 40
Ponchatoula, Prince’s pond........- 50
Maryland: j
Bladensburg, Cedar Hill Lake......- 100
Dickerson, Potomac River...-.---.- 300
Motters, Dorsey’s pond.....-------- 100
Royal Oak, Solitude Pond....-..-..- 100
Seneca, Potomac River-........------ ZB a1,295
Towson, Turnbull Pond....-.....-- 100
Massachusetts: Plymouth, Moreys
BONG .b.. -deackasweenseroe-b oem tee 200
Michigan:
Au Sable, McPhee Lake......-----.- 200
Gwinn, Miller Lake.......-.-.------ 200
Highland, Lake in Oakland County. 9,000
Houghton, Long Lake........--.-.. 200
Tron River, Iron River, branch of... 200
Jackson, WHietaka........-..-<.88 600
Kingsley, Arbutus Lake........-..- 300
Big Muncie Lake........-.-..--.--- 200
FRONMIO WAR w.<n scenes. ces Geb ames 200
Spider Wake..... 2... .bises Sseee 200
Marquette, Pohlman Pond.......-.- 100
Sylvania, Deep Gully Creek........- 200
hite Cloud, Allie Lake..........-- 400
Big Robinson Lake.........------ 400
Little Robinson Lake............- 400
Long Lake......... AOS ones aoe 4 400

~~

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 87

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.
SUNFISH—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Minnesota: Mississippi—Continued.

Adrian, Lander’s pond......-.--.--- 200 Cranfield, Cranfield Pond..........- 150
Degraff, St. Marys Lake......-.-.--- 600 Crawford, Richards’s pond.......... 150
Detroit, Wheeler Lake........------ 450 Decatur, Spivey’s pond............- 400
Duluth, Horseshoe Lake... ..-..---- 620 Eupora, Sylvadale Pond a 200
Elk River, Shandy Lake..........-- 600 Flora Gary Lake.occ<- 2.5 pia 150
Faribault, Milligan Lake...........- 400 Hillside, Pod. cos... ee 150
mertile, Mill Pond. .2.55.02- 2.522202 300 Oakhurst.Lake:s5252220/7 22.22 150
Plathe Park Pond..-....-.--.----- 200 Pleasant Valley Pond............- 150
Homer, Mississippi River. .-.-----.- @ 106, 475 Rohrbocker Pond...--.-.-0. 2002 150
Lake City, Lake Pepin....-.....-:-. @ 11,977 (Wilde eke Ponds: seo tae ees 150
Little Falls, Fish Lake....-.-..--: Ae) 600 Foster, Junkin’s pond............... 150
Minneapolis, Glenwood Lake-....-- E 300 Friars Point, Mississippi River: .-... a 46, 083
ake Calhoun: 2sascss.te este. A 250 Goodman, Crawford’s pond......... 100
Pecks Make es iz2scssedssse ses. = 600 Hardy, Powell’slake.:./............ 9200
Morton, Schafer’s pond.....-.---..-- 150 ‘Thomasonisipondwas eo esace esas 200
Owatonna, Rice Lake......-.-.-...- 600 Hattiesburg, Lovett’s pond...-...-.- 300
Richmond, Mississippi River.......- a 40,150 Hazlehurst, Breynard Pond......-.- 150
Rochester, Rochester Mill Pond..... 600 Hareravesiakene sero een one nc 400
Sturgeon Lake, Steve Lake.......... 450 Heidelberg, Morrison’s pond........ 150
Winona, Lake ‘Winona mene paein cle = 2, 200 Ratcliffeisipond= 5-2 8--- 2s sete 300
Mississippi River.....--..-.-----.- a@ 38, 030 Hernando, Dockery’s pond...... 400
Sugar Loaf Mill Pond...,......... 500 Ingomar, Guyton’s pond.... 150
Mississippi: Jackson, Crescent Lake.............. 400
Aberdeen, Black Lake..........-..- 100 Kosciusko, Bailey Lake............- 600
1B) Wane epee Aaa e eee senor 100 Gravis DONG ssi sesseen lee ee aes 200
PproamnlrtkGm a peta ssc aan ae = 100 Sandersiponds-s--- a=. ands eee 100
Clear Lake=.- 2-222 5 2/57... 100 Lauderdale, Watson’s pond......... 100
(GHINS AOC PasPas soe eRe eee eee oe 150 Little Rock, Matley’s pond.......... 150
1D Welle Qee Ces ea senses ate eee 100 Lokey, Haney’s pond...........-... 600
COSC VIUE lie: i Geiaroaae aaa eee 100 Louisville, Foster’s pond...........- 200
Grubs Spring Pond.....-......... 150 McCool, Kennedy’s pond............ 200
CK OnVMUARC ee ere are 150 Sanders pondkac-s--5) 4. ener ee 200
SIONS yO Meee ye aeer eee eee 150 Smithisipondeses ese een ee aa 200
NOLO WeEOUG Vee esses eerste 150 Macon, Cedar Brook Pond.......... 100
Jones Lake (A)....----.--------::- 100 OUMaln Bonds eee es 100
Jones Lake (B)......-...------.--- 100 Scaless ond =sssss 5. scene ae 100
IWIKy les dle se aeeeesedass ease. 150 Madison, Bennett’s pond............ 100
MceGowil’s pond. - 2. 2-2-6 vee sen 100 Magnolia, Lake Charles............. 150
POO TIMUAICO Ss oo rae errors rae 5 ie 100 Mapnolia' Pond.) 2.3) sin Pale 200
Morris pond) (AY)s 2 essen 22 - ea ols 100 Martinsville, Dunn’s pond....._..-- 200
Muriis pond (B) bb. wcjc acini 2h 100 Mathiston, Davis’s pond............ 200
Miurti7s POUG)(C) r= cen o-een st 100 Meridian, Queen City Pond......... 200
Morrie Spon ds (D) Sees ceases Je = 100 Wanita Pond®-- 2. wagniy mative ied 300
Robert/spond. oo... 5.265. Bees se - 100 Mize, Sullivan’s pond... bree s sore 150
Rodgers Wake. -.. - <b onesie 150 Montrose, James’s pond............- 200
Sanders Pond.--.--...)..-...-.---- 150 Mount Olive, Tyrone’s pond........ 200
Silver Pond ooo cies: semen ee 150 Natchez, Point Plantation Ponds... 150
Smith) Ponds 2. ose Bae eos 150 New Albany, Coker’s pond.......... 200
Sulphur Spring Pond.....-....... 150 Phyifer’s pondes. cara sane ees 200
Sanberry: Lake lh eie eoee = te bee 150 Robbin’stpond...-) leat els: 200
Wralters Pond 2-223 peri 'aeeisaiclel- 150 New Augusta, Tucker’s pond. ...... 200
Ackerman, Griffin’s pond..........- 200 Ovett, Tucker’s pond. ...°...22i202 400
Shaws ponds oo.) lo ose nae ieee 200 Pheba, Terry’s pond..............-- 400
Amory, Dalrymple Lake............ . 200 Philadelphia, Phillips’s pond........ 150
Duke’sipond J.. 526 sti4-qsdepeeee ee 100 Pickens, Scott’s pore Bese n'a teu Ler et 100
duitysPong ei. 33-2. tous aieceeee 100 Pontotoc, Dillard’s pond. ........... 200
Parker Spring Pond.............-. 100 Hubbard! sipond= 2.2) ae ee uae 200
TRUS SE WLU: |<) a ee re 300 Prairie, Goode’s pond............... 100
Watkinson ae 300 Raymond, Gibbs Pond............. 150
VIPERA RGs oe Sco scp buctaraela s,s 200 Gillespie's ponds 2). 2. aa 150
Baldwyn, Tison’s pond............- 150 North’s ponds 35 Shea eee 150
Batesville, Boothe’s pond..........- 200 Rathifi’'s ponds. . cet eee Ales 150
Booneville, Davis’s lake............- 300 Sivley’s: pond 2200.) Sie 5 ts Os 150
JONCSWAKB ecto. 5 oFara cat Mbadtece 300 Well’sspondi oe) eu - ac yaisal mak 150
JONES'S PONG ostcc nek oo ha'g- the uen 150 Rienzi, Rinehart’s pond............. 300
Braxton, Comby Pond.............- 400 Rome, Ferguson’s pond............. 100
Brooksville, Cunningham’s pond.... 100 Selma, Wilton Woods Pond......... 150
Canton, Layman’s pond...........-. 100 Senatobia, Yeazey Pond............ 200
Priestley’s lake......... fs 400 Shubuta, Graham’s pond....-...... 100
Centreville, Melba Pond. aah 100 Shuqualak, Adam’s pond........... 100
Clinton, Johnson’s DOHGHs 5.22 - dapat 150 Starkville, Caldwell Pond........... 200
Collierville, Koen’s pond............ 100 Club Laken. os. beet bin ie 200
Collins, Upton’s pond............... 200 Glenn’s pond). 3)... bust een 200
Columbus, Wades Lake............. 300 Gunis POU de: veeipetiess scien eeceeee 200
Como, Craigcrest Pond.......-.....- 100 Hickory Grove Pond............-. 100
Trotter's pond - ooo... saaset busses 100 HLURB ONG Eno o2. Sasoe case Les 200
Corinth, Miller’s pond..............- 150 pees A ORO at ainsse aaaen eaten 200
Courtland, High School Lake.......'. 600 Steens, Spring Rill Pond............ 150

@ Rescued from overflowed lands and returned to original waters.

88 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

SUNFISH—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Mississippi—Continued. New Mexico—Continued.
Stringer, Brown’s pond..........-..- 200 Las Eee Sweeney Baxter Pond... 200
Strongs, Clay’s pond............-... 100 Lucy, eGillivray Spond..2 .<:26ht- 100
Lone Pine Lake. .<.2- shoct chaedinc 100 Maxwell, Lake Twenty...........-- 400
Watson Lake. [25 foo ees et 100 Melrose, De Graftenried’s pond . . ... 100
Sharp's pondsesee =. neo e eee 200 Sweet’s pond... 2.2.0. J-5sannsie 50
Sumra emba’s pond............. 200 Nara Visa, Douglass’s pond..-....... 100
Terry, Dulaney’s lakes aero ee Ye 400 Portales, Dunlap Lake. .3.5.. ieee S 100
Jones’s ponds. oo saeeoee seeds 150 Roswell, Figure Eight Lake......... 50
Tibbee, Lake Lena...............-.- 100 North Berrendo River..........-- 200
Tomnolen, Halls pond ee eee 300 South Spcing River... = ss.sresetack 50
Tupelo, Barnes’s pond.............. 100 |} San Jon, Stemple’s pond...........- 100
(Cosbyis pond soe tare eee 100 Santa Rita, Mimbres River. ........ 100
Turnbull, iragnciih Ponda eee 200 Socorro, Story’s pond............... 50
Union, Fair View Pond............- 200 @orreon) PONG: see serene teee atte 50
TivsiO@skieondeme ss saan es tee 200 Texico, Young’s pond............... 100
Wahalak, Buck Pond............... 100 Wagon Mound, Jordan’s pond...... 75
Waynesboro, Cochran’s pond.......- 100 Yeso, Willoughby’s pond........... 50
Dayis7s PON yeweee ee oto 100 || North Carolina:
Weathersby, Cypress Lake.......... 300 Auburn, Ferrell’s pond..........--- 200
West Point, Ivy’s pond (A).......-. 200 || Bessemer, Baldwin’s pond.......... 100
vy 7S Pond (5) see 200 Bladenboro, Site al PONG; cco 400
Lawn: Laker. cck ole e 6s Peer 100 Singletary Pond.................- 400
Margaret Tipton Pond............ 100 Bostic, Gurley-Hollifield Pond...... 100
Munger’s pond.........2.22.222222 100 || Chapel Hill, Andrews’s pond....-..- 200
PikesP Oud sete ees ES MS 100 Charlotte Thompson Ponds oscsescn 200
Whites, Weeping Willow Lake. ..1.1 100 |} Clayton, McCullen’s pond... .22222- 200
Winchester, Mill Pond.............. 100 hiteoak>Pond=--2 5.20 .2s5-5s caer 600
Howard’s pond................... 200 Coats, Stewart’s pond..............- 1,000
Woodland, Bermuda Hill Pond.__.. 200 |} Connelly Springs, Alexander’s pond. 100
TATETIO’S PONG... 100 Corinth, Buckhorn Falls Pond...... 200
College Pond... couse. 100 Duncan, Baker’s pond.............. 200
Harris’s pond......-.......---..-. 100 Elizabeth City, Pasquotank River. . 3, 200
Henderson’s pond...............-- 100 Elkland, Moretz’s pone eee eee 200
Pecan Lak@occ cnet scat uee 100 || Flat Rock, Phinizy’s pond.......... 200
Road Pond. .cc.nen ieee. eee te 100 || Franklinton, Gulley’s pond......... 200
South View Pond...............-- 100 Willow Valley Pond.............. 100
Spider TWAKG-.cewcre ee res een eae 100 Greensboro, Ogburn’s pond..-....-- 400
Missouri: Sunnyside Pond...........--..--- 500
Arlington, Big Piney River......... 1,000 || Harris, Henson’s pond.........-.-.- 150
Berwick, Clear Creek............--.- 3; Holly Springs, Mills’s pond. .....-.- 400
Clinton, Miola Lake..............--- 600 Jackson Springs, Hankins’s pond... - 200
De Soto, Murphy Lake........ anal 450 Kinston, Carraways’s pond. .......- 300
Ferguson, Wabash Club Lake... ... 1,454 Louisburg, Shearin’s pond... ..---.. 125
Fortesque, Bigelow Lake............ 1,700 Lumberton, Alligator Pond . 400
Jasper, Vincent’s pond.............. 200 Riverside Pond....--..--- 500
Joplin, Sloan’s pond................ 200 McFarlan, Moore’s pond. - - - 300
Kansas City, Alton-Slater Pond..... 1, 200 Manchester, Barney’s pond. - . 200
Friedman’s pond.................. 200 Marshvyille, Beaverdam Pond. he, 150
Lake of the Woods..............-. 120 Mayworth, Cotton Pond.....- uy 300
La Belle, Lake Mattingly........... 300 Mebane, Corbett’s pond......- AG 200
Merwin, Corbin’s pond.-.........--- 2,000 Nihols Pond.....-..--.--- 50
Monett, Lane’s pond..............-. 600 Mocksville, Reavis’s pond...-. aa 300
Sunnyside Pond.................-. 150 Monroe, Houston’s pond.....-.----- 150
Neosho, Morse Park Pond..........- 1,300 Willow Pond........------------- 200
Schuler’s pond.................... 150 Woods Pond..... Mp mediesae sar 33525 150
Northview, Barnhart’s pond..:..... 200 Morganton, Carpening Mill Pond.... 200
Pleasant Hill, Kellogg Lake........- 1, 200 Morrisville, Sears’s pond...-.---.--- 200
Lake, Blanche. oct mustae a2 eee: 1, 200 Morven, Eddins’s pond......------- 200
Rolla, North Spring Creek. ....-.-.. 800 Gatlings’s ponds... -cs---=- === === 200
Sedalia, Kahn’s pond........./..... 200 Gray Pond). 2. seeeeeee eee oe 200
(Noxton’s ponds. 2). i... use 2,000 Mount Airy, Brower’s pond....-...- 400
Slater, Rhoades’s pond......... mi 200 Movnt Olive, Williams’s mill pond. . 400
Spe Ingleside Pond....... 300 Newells, Timmon’s pond.......---.-. 100
alley Park, Wilson Lake --- 1, 600 Oakboro, Mason Branch Pond...... 200
Verona, Spring River............... 2,500 Parkton, Campbell Pond............ 400
New Jersey: Pee Dee, Blewett Falls Pond........ 400
Boonton, Towasco Lake...........- 200 Raleigh, Bartholomew’s pond....... 200
Old Bridge, Laurel Pond...-2.211 27! 250 Kinp’spond.......-...-.--..-.-0- 200
New Mexico: Kitchin’spond........--.+-------- 200
Alamillo, San Acacia Lake.........- 200 Milburnie Pond. .........-.-.----- 300
Chamita, Rio Grande.......-......- 150 Neuseocomond..< ...... 5... 2 ee. 200
Clayton, Perico Creek........----.-- 200 Panther Pond)... ;.2-. See eae 200
Deming, Id Wyld Pardee easier: 100 Roaring River, Byrd’s pond. - .-.--.-. 150
Elida, McAlester’s pond............. 50 || Rockingham, Falling Creek........- 300
Mullen’s PONG cuss coe ccwen cs. tee 50 Watery Branch Pond.........---. 200
pbilips’s/ pond. is. cscuete etna tene 50 Roseboro, Crumpler’s pond. .......- 400
Estancia, Barnhart’s pond.......... 100 Sanford, Old Still Creek........---.- 100
Williams 'Lake. 20202225... 0es 100 Scotland Neck, Josey’s pond.......-. 450
Kenna, Kimo Pond: .: 0c Ri 50 Severn, Blackwater Pond........--- 175

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

SUNFISH—Continued.

89

Disposition. Number.
North Carolina—Continued.

Wadesboro, Huntley’s pond. ....... 200

Wake Forest, Bailey’s pond... -.-.-.- 200
Brewers pond. ..bs2es-2 i as-sa 200
IPowell(s pond=-: ... fees sees ol 150
Rocky branch); 2. G2 e222 4. - 200
Walls ponds 25-2. J diasck eesti 200

Weldon, Club Pond: .-.2.- 22:2 -=-+5- 250

Williamston, Little ConohoCreek...- 650

Wilmington, Quar Oz teeence 600

Wilson, Farmers Mill Pond......-.- 500

Winston Salem, Livingood’s pond. 300

Woodleaf, Alexander Pond......-..-.- 150

Youngsville, Clifton’s pond. ......-- 450
IMGORG A PONG: s25--cccc eee ecas sce: 300

North Dakota:
Devils Lake, Devils Lake........--- 1,000
Lisbon, Sheyenne River......-.-.--- 800
Ohio:

Akron, Long Lake...............--- 450
Nesmith Makes: i225... <-ensen- 450
New Lake........ 450
Turkeyfoot Lake......-. 300
WWIOSEUaKGos soc. ccc cei es 450

Athens, Burson’s pond...-..-- He 200

Bellville, Gatton’s pond......-..--.- 100

Berea, Brown’s pond........----.--- 300

Cambridge, City Lake............--- 300
Pin: Mill Pond Sacse ses Sete saeco 100

Canton, Foster’s ponds.......-.----- 300

Carey, Club Pond: . = dacea.ec2ese ae 150

Chillicothe, Paint Creek........-.--- 400

Cleves, Morgan’spond.......-..-.-.. 200

Covington, Panther Creek.......-... 400

Crestline, Sandusky River......-..-- 450

Creston, Evergreen Pond.......-.... 150

Lima, McCullough Lake. ..........- 150

Loveland, Schemel’s ponds {202222 2 200

Mentor, Spring Pond...............- 150

Millersburg, Rottman Park Lake. - . 200

Newark, Buckeye Lake............- 600
EacknigtRiver.- 2. asset hekger. 600

New Bavaria, Kammerer’s pond. ... 150

North Baltimore, Demming Quarry

PONG NA ne sc ceencn cance pee ae 150

North Randall, Warner’s pond... ..- 150

Oak Harbor, Portage River.......-- 150

Plymouth, Quarry Lake..........-- 300

St. Marys, Lake St. Marys.-....-.-..- 600

Strongsville, Deer Lick Pond.....-- 150

Wickliffe, Neale’s pond. .........-..- 150

Oklahoma:
Ada, Lewis's pond ......222c4-. 525255. 200
Ardmore, Boucher’s pond..........- 100
pe CAND) WAKGS. . = scan o aos necneee ee 800

Armstrong, Hatchery Ponds. ......- 90

Blocker, Delorvin’s pond............ 100

Bristow, Edgewood Pond........... 200
IMOrPaAIVAMONG 25 .cc-i-n2\n=s00ceeas 200

Byars, Lake Catron........-....:..- 200
Town Wake! feces jess Sis fshs ie 100

Carney, Roberts’s pond......-.-.--- 200

Chickasha, Club Lake......-...-.-.. 200

Coleman, Wood Lake..........-.-.- 100

Cordell, Bonham’s ONG) 2)... 6- ae 200

Custer City, Schneider’s pond. ...... 200

Earlboro, Spinks’s pond. ........-.-.- 200

Edmond, Keefer’s pond............. 200

Erick, Everett’s pond............... 200

Featherston, Prairie Lake........... 200

Forgan, Lawson’s pond............. 100

Konawha, Cook’s pond. ............ 200
Wlag Lake. .<...sectebaraegges) 2 200
Townsend’s pond..........-...... 200

Maramec, Pattison Pond............ 200

Milburn, Rhea’s pond............-.- 200

Minco, Sherer Spring Lake.......... 200
ounds, Barton’slake.............. 200

Muskogee, City Park Lake.......... 100

Noble, Lake Dunaway..........-..- 200

Nowata, Tillotson’s pond. ..*....... 200

Disposition.

Oklahoma—Continued.
Oakman, Wilborn’s pond.........--
Oakwood, Bermuda
Orlando, Twin Oak Pond.......-..-.-
Pauls Valley, Driskill’s pond... ..---
Thompson’s lake...........-.-.---
Perry, Pagel’spond....-.-.. 22828.
Permynake! 2s. |. omc. 2 teed ee ee
Waltermire’s pond.............---
Rocky, Bowman’s pond.....-.--.--.
Seminole, Quimby’s pond...-......--
Sparks, Fairview Pond..-...-..-.--..
Stillwater, Ahrberg’s pond..........
Callison’s pond
Parkers PONG ssa ceceeeeee comes
Stratford, Agnew Pond. .......-..--
McAlister’s pond ...........-------
Stroud, Silver Pond- tse). seeeeee-ue
Texhoma, Allison’s pond......--.---
Texola, Graves’s pond........------
Walter, Eder’spond.............---
Wapanucka, Darter’s pond. .....-..-
Watova, Munson’s pond......-..---
Weatherford, Cobb Creek. . ie
Wellston, Lyon’s pond...-....-.-.---
McKinney Pond.....-.-...---.---
Wynnewood, Willow Spring Pond...
Pennsylvania:

Butler, Conoquenessing Creek... ..--
Muddy Creek 32 rt S ont ccna ciig see
Christiana, Octoraro Creek.........-
Claysburg, Juniata River, Beaver-
5 at ranch: Ti NiStRC nia
UIT, Gary Onde see ess ee
Denver, Swamp Creek.........---.-
Eagles Mere, Eagles Mere Lake.....-
Falls, Lake Winola. -
Gap, Peques Creeks ssi 5525520 8
Lancaster, City Mill Pond...........
Isaiah Weavers Pond...........---
Martin’s pondsa2 i etee sea -snea ssc
MUN Creeks s2ooaus cecnls ves peewee
Nult’s
Rocky Spring Pond..............-
Sensenige Pond! 5232-8) oe Recast
Landenburg, White Clay Creek. ....
Langhorne Neshaminy Crepkese 225
Lititz, Hubers Pond...............-
Newtown, Neshaminy Creek........
Philadelphia, League Island Pond. -
Phoenixville, French Creek.........
Schuylkill River. .2.3 4: s4sse- 2225:
Pocono Summit, ‘Tunkhannock
Creekeee uae sciatic seen a ete aa ae
Reading, Beaver Creek............-.
Socamy: Creek <'--5.5 cin ese Seite

Blythewood, Wilson’s pond.........
Central, Arnold’s pond............--
Clio, Everett Mill Pond.............
Columbia, Brown’s pond.....-.-..-.
Cobb's pond’: ..ccj.cc. et Ye
Dent’s pond... cee. Jatt Se
Padgett Pond. 22 2eih eee
Reedy’sipond ..... 2. Jess
Snow: Hill Pond... 222 22.922 .244:
Conway, Cypress Pond......-..-----
Creston, Holman’s pond...........--
Darlington, Broadmoor Pond.......
Citewhie Wake... cocccaocss

Number.

90

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

SUNFISH—Continued.

Disposition.

South Carolina—Continued.
Dalzell, Ha
Denmark, Lake Lorraine...........-
Easley, Adkin’s pond.............--

Alice Mills Ponds... ./2:5.0.0..242
Glenwood Lakes..............-.--
Hendrix’s pond ......+-20-meecgo- ee
Edgefield, May’s pond.............-
Gafiney, Hamrick’s pond seg a2
Wood spond eo. nasnheer een
Gaston, Glugnard’s pond...........-
Greelyville, Lesesue’s pond........--
Greenville, Harris’s pond...........-
un ts) Pond... 22. 220-5. 0ee eee
Kelly?sipond tice ec. cccsceeeeeee.
Mill Pond: . iec2 22 a4etatk SeaSe B.
Reedy River: .. 2.5.20. -2 es
Greenwood, Panola Pond.........-..
Hampton, Rentz’s poner: 2rcise bk
Hodges, Gantt’s pond...........----
Johnston, Edisto Pond bet
Nancy | TAR BN SESE aa
Wonce’s: pond . =... tase ace

Leesville, Clearwater Pond... ....:.
Summerland Farm Pond.........

Middleton’s
Marion, Little
Minturn, McQueen’s pond. ........-.
Mount Croghan, Wilson’s pond......
Neeses, Bolin’s pond........-....-..

UMogle’s pone 2253.3. costes ete
Newberry, Johnston’s pond.........

BML spond sees cae a eee
‘North, Salem:Pond): 2:27. <--5J....-
Orangeburg, Caw Caw Creek........

Caw Caw Pond...............-....

PDUKES'S DOM tHe e oe Ne recs

Hishery/HVawen s/o. 7-725 ~ ooo ose

Jennings’s:pondsesc.. fo s02..--

Salley/sipondey). 325.2 oe ass
Pelion, Lucas’s pond................
Pomaria, Bedenbaugh’s pond .......
Richburg, Fishing Creek............
Richland, Verner’s pond..........:.
St. Matthews, Millwood Pond.......
Salley, Haltiowanger’s pond.........
Seneca, Langston’s pond.........--.-

Maple Pond sicscliaveteteran}arstaratawattrnets
Simpsonville, Garrett’s pond......-.

Richardson’s pond ................
Society Hill, Evans Mill Pond.......
Spartanburg, Chapman’s pond...-.-

Poole’s pond
Sumter,

Privateer Pond). 4020. 2 2008 = ee

Whilden’s;pond.: f.2: 23. 2222
Summerville, Schultz Lake. ........
Taylors, Bridwell’s ond bso. Sess
Trenton, Crouch’s pond.............

Mialler’sipondis, 22 desees a jssekuey
White Oak, Adger Pond............
‘Winnsboro, Moore’s pond .........- :

Williford Lakes... o..0-mses: o.4520'3

South Dakota:
Belvidere, Belvidere Lake...........
Canton, Sioux River.........-..ii22
Clear Lake, Clear Lake.........--.--
Lake Andes, Lake Andes. ..........
Lemmon, Haltzel’s PONG. po... ss
Madison, Lake Madison.............
Pukwana, Red Lake................
Timber Lake, Simonson’s pond. . - ..

sworth Pond........--

ocalla Lake... 226.5 2 ous 2

Number.

T

at

Disposition.

ennessee:
Bolivar, Hazlegrove’s pond..........
Brace, Buffalo Pond.............-.-
Brownsville, Cobb’s pond.........-.
Collinswood, Cole’s pond..........-.
Harriman, Browder’s pond..-ic220ts
Heiskell, Gadson’s pond............-
Jacksboro, Queener’s pond ........-.
McMinnville, Mountain Creek... ....
Maryville, Tucker Pond.............
Memphis, Arnold’s lake............-
Mont Eagle, Gregory’s pond.........
Quebeck Chaneller’s pondioy ses
White, Walnut Grove Pond.........
'exas:
Abernathy, Henderson Pond......-.
Athens, Deupree’s pond....-....-..-
Atlanta, Baucum’s pond...........-
Cameron’s pond... . 2-52-5222. se5
Chamblee’s pond........-.-.-.--.-
Henry’s:pond . 52: «sss25s22.steeeee
Long Pond 2s. sessasacdacnt ses eee
White’s pond. 2. se22520. See eee
Baird, Highland Lake.............--
Tatum’s: pond... 76asseoeaes see eee
Terrell’spond...;... {ge Baia
Belton, Leon. River......92/25/.20%%
Boerne, Menger Creek Pond........-
Bonham, Johns Estell Repose Lake. .
Stager’s pond.........-225¢3 28
Brady, Bengstrom’s pond
Henderson’s pond.....
Wooten’s pond.........-
Brownwood, Arczie’s pond
Burleson, Overton’s pond
Burton, Fusch’s pond...
Caldwell, Haddox’s pond.
Chapel Hill, Caney Creek
Christine, Barber’s pond .
Barker’s ponds..........
Clarksville, Sherry Pond...... Li
Coleman, Crockett’s pond .......-..--
Cooper, Lake Geneva.........-.-.-.
Crockett, Berry’s lake..........-..:-
Smith’silake is cetect cere
Crosbyton, Miller’s pond..........--
Dallas, Country Club Lake..-.....---
Edgewood, Jones’s pond.......-.----
Elgin, Johnson’s pond............---
Elkhart, Howell Lake.............--
Enloe, Petitfil’s pond............---
Fredericksburg, Kneese’s pond... ..-
Giddings, Berger’s pond.......-...--
Fischer’s pond. .....'s 3:22 9 -2eeeeSs
Gilmer, Blue Lake.............--!--
Carey Lake. ......doc0: 5. 220 SRS.
Mattox ROnd.....cmmsoeeeesoemuees
PhillipsiLake. tee snes ease
Silver Lake... cccccecnen esteem
Warren’s Nond..-. ccc estes
Graford, Humphre-Halsel Pond... .-
Grand Saline, Clarke’s pond.....-..-.-.
Crawiord’slake:.... tote. Ue
German
Harper Lakeccn jo. .0552eUs). < Ae
Grapeland, Gaines’s pond. ........--
Harrisburg, Plum Creek...........--
Henderson, Bennett’s pond.......--
Strong’s ae isis n ou walt ee oe
Hubbard, Waterworks Lake....-..--
Jacksboro, Gaskin’s pond.........--
Graves’s:nond. << .: «.2as0sE Ee eueet
Jacksonville, Goodson’s lake. ...-.---

» Kilgore, Nolen’s ond. ...Lcanrneeds
» Littlefield, McCelvey-Ely Pond.-..--

Longview, Clear Lake...2.....:.----
TI& P.Lake.... stains 2 HELE

Number.

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 91

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

SUNFISH—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.

‘Texas—Continued. Virginia—Continued.

Lubbock, Fair Acres Pond.......--.- 200 Evergreen, Glover’s pond. .-......--- 20
WHOVC IS PONG ae seco. eee aetoe we 100 Ferrum, Brogan’s pond..-.....-.---- 100
Petis’s pond 2) fiss2 5 fees st gel. 100 Fort Mitchell, Watson’s pond....-.-. 20
Barber’s pond... 300 Lawyers, Flat Creek........-...---: 20
Scroggin’s pond... 100 Lynchburg, McGehee’s pond......-- 100

Lyons, Ruback’s pond 100 McKinney, Long Pond..-....--- a0 100
anor, Eppright’s pond 200 Pamplin, Driskill’s pond. - . 20

Marfa, San Jacinto 150 Richmond, City Lakes. ..-...--- aay 20
Mvebbibond Sos. 6253885. 28 150 Lakesidenbaket(: 22 fr Ole eo 40

Marshall, Martin’s lake.........--.--- 300 Spout Springs, Robertson’s pond.... 20
Woodland Lakes sic 522220502222 200 Suffolk, Brewer’s pond...-..-..-.--.- 300

Midland, Cloverdale Pond.........-- 100 DakeiGeorpes* sche s tants ete See 300

Mineola, Beaupre’s pond..-........-- 150 Sycamore, Owen-Hunt Pond...--.--. 100
Biieubake!s—... 2023-250 et 200 Plains, Geose:Creek:- 120-2... 2-5... -2 80
GISNTONVRONG« <<< /c0uc-nscecm ce wees 300 Huntland*Pond:<s2-h-22=-22s-- <2 40
Woncord-Pand=...2cte sess. < 288 100 fée Pandit 255 sree ee 100
ee PonGssysseKe gal se. 200 Waverly, Clark Mill Pond........-.- 400
ETT MAAK Obs tee Melita e lara 2atalas amin ore 300 || West Virginia:

Mineral Wells, Turkey Creek... -..-.-. 250 Coleman, Thompson’s pond...------ 200

Monahans, Bullock Pond...-....-..-- 100 White Sulphur Springs, Howard
MpMeSROnN ess) = Ss SA eee 100 Creeks seein Vibe 100
Ranch) Pond >: ./ 222). 2ece asec ae 100 || Wisconsin:

Moods! bond </. (525 See ease 100 Alma, Waumandee Mill Pond...-..-. 600
Mount Calm, Davis’s pond........-- 150 Beaver Dam, Beaverdam Lake....- 1,100
Muleshoe, Bledsoe’s pond..-..-.-..--- 100 Blair, Trempealeau Pond ......----- 1, 000

200 Deer Park, South Fish Lake......-- 400
150 Eland, Lake Go-To-It.........-..--- 1,000
300 Fountain City, Mississippi River. - - - @ 84, 445
700 Frederic, Diamond Lake......--..-- 600
200 Genoa, Mississippi River.....--.-.-- a 75,000

Spring Park Lake. .../.222-2.-.22 250 La Crosse, Bank Slough Creek... .-- 1, 000
Pearsall, Elm Pen Pond 100 Browns Marsh Lake......-- B33 1, 000

IndiangeillPond 255.2. . 2-5. 2288 100 Coleman Slough Creek. - - Li it 1, 000

Weaneyrspond: 5... bse ue ee 100 Crooked Slough Creek.........-.-- 1,000
Plainview, Saigheig’s pond.......-.-- 150 Hrench: Lakews 2552) Seles eR 1, 000
Ravenna, Cunningham’s pond....-. 195 Holman, MillPond..: 525-2222 56a 2 1,000

Georants pond! soe) 2 setese 165 Maxs\Bakosaneet tec cutcenececmoe 1,000
Rockdale, Blue Pond.........-...--- 200 Mississippi River..........-.------ 4175, 000

firdesel’s pond... 2a) 42 seo. e252 08 200 Rouid Lake oe se eee 1,000
Rugby, Griffin Lake............-.-- 250 winJbakess 332 eeek sae 1,000

Spofford, Jone’s pond.......-.---- 100 West Salem Mill Pond........-..-- 1,000
Tahoka, Wood’s pond......-...----- 100 La Farge, Kickapoo River-.-......-- 1, 000
Taylor, Burkmann’s pond......-..-- 200 La Farge Mill Pond.............-- 750

inland lake. << snes. --=---2+--5 150 Rockton Mill Pond...........---- 750
Temple; Lily, Pond, .....-.,../22i64 ca. 100 Lynxville, Mississippi River...-..-..- a 20, 000
Terrell, Bond’s pond............---. 300 Prairie du Sac, Berges Lake. .-....-- 800
Tyler, SEinduapin 171 -¢- eee a 300 KMrumreriPonde ss 5455226225s5a520e le: 500

tts Mill: Ponds! seed! eects 3 300 odi/Creckeit: Rta. evi aie 500
Welfare, Joshua Creek...........---- 200 Swallsonlakegs ss secede 800
Winchell, Duncan’s pond.........-- 162 Stanley, Eau Claire River, North Fork 400

Virginia: Trempealeau, Mississippi River. --.- @ 158, 125
Beaver Dam, Sunny Pond....-....-- . 100 West Prairie Mill Pond....--....-. 1,000
Benhams, Sproles’s pond.........--- 100 Viroqua, Mapledale Pond.........-- 1, 400
Charlottesville, Lyons Pond.......-- 20 Wyocena, Tiger Mill Pond........-- 400
Colburn, Silver Lake............-.--- 100 || Canal Zone: Ancon, Panama Canal....- 800
Drakes Branch, Dalton’s pond....-- 20 ———-
East Lexington, North River....... 500 TotalGss tee casssa ee eee 2,670, 513

PIKE PERCH.
|
. Arkansas: Black Rock, Black River... 83 || Indiana—Continued.

Illinois: Logansport, Fletcher Lake.........- tat 000
Carlinville, Macoupin Creek......... +200, 000 Pleasant Lake, Pleasant Lake.....-. 200, 000
Dallas City, Lake Cooper..........-- 11 Warsaw, Tippecanoe Lake.-.......-- 7500, 000
Kankakee, Kankakee River.......-. $250,000 || Iowa:

Meredosia, Meredosia Bay.--......-- +50, 000 Fairport, Mississippi River.........- 606

Napierville, Du Page River, West Spirit Lake, State fish commission. .| *40,000, 000

MATICK <2 a= A eae cases Se ce $250,000 |) Kentucky:
Spring Grove, State fish commission .| *15, 000, 000 Altro, Kentucky River, North Fork +100, 000
Wilmington, Kankakee Kiver....... 250, 000 Athol, Kentucky River, Middle Fork +200, 000

Indiana: Bowling Green, Barren River......-. +1, 300, 000
Culver, Lake Maxinkuckee.......... +300, 000 Chavies, Kentucky River, North

Edinburg, Sugar Creek............-. 7300, 000 ROR Ree te et tne Sk ieee eet 7100, 000
Indianapolis, State fish commis- Cornettsville, Kentucky River,

GOW « swe ce ca ete toot ean e bos dace te *17, 000, 000 INOLtH Honk. seach y elie. 28 wee +300, 000

a Rescued from overflowed lands and returned to original waters.
6 Lost in transit, 8,400 fingerlings.

92

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

PIKE PERCH—Continued.

Disposition.

Kentucky—Continued.
Glomawr, Kentucky River, North

Haddix, Kentucky River, North
orks 3 oat oes eee ionepepeneeaee
Hazzard, Kentucky River, North
WODkK estate cocks scape scot basi

Livingston, Rockcastle River. --..--
Louisville, Ohio River.........--.--
Mount Vernon, Renfroy Creek....-.
O. & K. Junction, Kentucky River,

North ork. 5. Jcesads1022 hasea tee
Peoples, Rockcastle River. ...- ae
Viper, Kentucky River, North Fork.
Ward, Big Sandy River............-
ee Kentucky River,

Yerkes, Kentucky River, North
WOrk. es pdt cee eee sles seed
Maine: Orono, Pushaw Lake.........-
Michigan:

Alpena, Dong Lake. ~ <<. 2222.2: s2-6
Phander BayvRlvele-cjasses ses -
Bay City, Saginaw Bay.......------
Belle Isle Park, Detroit River.......
Bergland, Lake Gogebic........-.--
Channing, Sawyer Lake.........-..--
Cheboygan, Lake Huron..........--
Clare, Stephenson Dake:c: saieugeeet
Crystal Falls, Dollar Lake.....--...
Mortine Wake: oo. see aaa
Michigamme River, Lower..-..---
Paint Rivers. 35>... 63. eee ee tee
Detroit, State fish commission... ..-
Escanaba, Lake Florence....-.....-
Guinn, Johnson Lake.-......-...-..-
Shap Lakes! 5 seccbalaeente etal <
Highland, Dunman Lake.........--
Whalen ake--...-..--n0%-Mist 2
Tron Mountain, Browning Lake....-.
Iron River, Lake No. 9............--
ake wNOS 6:7 on a ose
Michigamme River, Middle Fork. .
Stanley Lake) o.- .-...5...<.cheek 45
Sunset Lake ji205. oi-<bacwed les
Twenty Eight Lake............-..-
Little Lake, Godin Lake.-.........--
Mandan, Lake Baily watt weet ieel et
MandoraWake- --cpnn ) ieee.

Marquette, Pellisur Lake.........-.
Sirawberry Lake-.........:-- 5.2:
Michigamme, Perch Lake...-.......-
Phoenix, Gratiot Lake...........-.-
Pickford, Monoskong Bay
St. Junction,

South Range, Otter Lake...........
Twin Lakes, Johnson Lake
Wellington, Kallander Pond........
Witbeck, Bullhead Lake......-....-
Wooster, Crystal Lake..............
Minnesota:
Atwater, Summit Lake.............
Barnum, Big Wakesse.feck oe. ee
Central Lakes, August Lake........
Homer, Mississippi River...........
Lake City, Lake Pepin............-.
Switch 406, Pike Lake..............
Waseca, Clear Lake. ...............-.
Missouri:
Newburg, Lower Piney Creek.......
Wappapello St. Francis River......

Franklin

Number.

+200, 000
+100, 000
+100, 000
+100, 000

+300, 000
+500, 000
+2, 000, 000
+400, 000

+300, 000
+400, 000
+100, 000
+400, 000

+200, 000
+200, 000

+100, 000
+500, 000

1750, 000
+400, 000
12,400, 000
+400, 000
+112) 500
+75, 000

+2, 400, 000
+250, 000
437,500
E83
225,000
40, 500, 000
$37,500
437, 500
+37, 500
1700; 000
$37,500
437,500
437,500
+75, 000

+200, 000
+250, 000

Disposition.

0) eae eee eee
Cape Vincent, St. Lawrence River. .
tate fish commission. ...........-
Evans Mills, Indian River.........-
Hamilton, Leland Pond...........-
Madison Lake... . Jeb sie stom

Devils Lake, Devils Lake.........-.
St. John, State fish commission... .
Ohio:
Antwerp
Catawba Island, Lake Erie..........

Pennsylvania:
Bryn Mawr, Earle Lake...........--
Clarks Summit, Chinchilla Pond.....
Ford Lake. sees ee oes

Mill PONG oc ccna tae hoes Bene
Erie, State fish commission.........
Franklin, Allegheny River

French Creek

Sugar Creek-)>..85.. Outen eee
Hosensack, Hosensack Creek........
Johnstown, Dubstalts Dam.......-..

Hinckston Pond. cues ties seen

Quemahoning Pond..............-

Stony Creek........72sns JO:
Lancaster, Enos Weaver Pond....--

Hinkletown Pond.....-........-.-

Hirst: Pond. 2 occ0n- cf eke fee

Hoovet- Pongo. son cscceh se eee

Zooks Pond. 5.0 sce oe eee
Lebanon, Greenville Pond...-.-.-.--.

Stoever Mill Pond...............--

Weidman Pond ...-4....seses. ae. se
Milford, Mud Pond................--
Pleasant Mount, State fish commis-

STOULS a 'n loin ere = /o, cara teats loti klein ele sole
Torresdale, State fish commission. - -
Union City, State fish commission.. -

pe Island: Providence, Wallum

commission
Tennessee: Sevierville, Little Pigeon

RAVE? on Eee ee Sere os nas a -bos emerae
Vermont:

Brandon; burr Pond.-. 222222.
iHinkwmye ond: =. \.0).. 872 ree
TAKGVEIOMONIAL 2... 2 Saee os cee

Brattleboro, Lake Raponda.......--

Newbury, Harriman Pond

North Ferrisburg, Cedar Lake... ----

Swanton, Missisquoi River........--

Wells River, Halls Pond..........--

West Virginia:
Charleston, Kanawha River.......--
Huntington, Ohio River.......----.

a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.

ow £
ao &
P_s

geste

Number.

+ Bee
BEEEEEE

Poet et et et

ww
SESS;

.

8 S38S8SSSSS5=

i
SS
s

ere
3s

SEERSSEEE=5

oe

SRBSSSSS5S

_

T

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 93

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.
PIKE PERCH—Continued.

Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Wisconsin: Wisconsin—Continued.
Amberg, Glen Lake..........------- +75, 000 Menomonie, Cut Off Lake ace +50, 000
Bangor, La Crosse River. -.....------ +200, 000 Dunnville Lake. ........-. +50, 000
Beaver Dam, Crystal Lake..-.-...---- +200, 000 Downsville Lake.........- +50, 000
Boyd, Eau Claire River. ......--.---- $250, 000 Ifunts) Dake... 2<525: chee aces - 750, 000
MTT PIMULOEK. os on cinscasesstaessos-4 7150, 000 Manley Bend Lake..........------ +50, 000
pikopbaAkes cts. vcs queen cece ce esa 7150, 000 New Haven Lake.........-.------ +50, 000
Cedarburg, Milwaukee River... -.--- +150, 000 edi CadarRiver\s-.-----2-s22---= +100, 000
Centuria, Popular Lake.-......--.---- 7187, 500 Sand Wake). .cen? Aedes Sa-8- 7 +50, 000
Chippewa Falls, Long Lake. .-.-..---- +400, 000 Yellow Banks Lake........------- 750, 000
PVGHOWPEVVOl sc ss oe ete ae caiae <ieeee +300, 000 Mercer, Sugar Camp Lake...-....---- +75, 000
Crandon, Big Sand Lake.-....-.----- $37, 500 Nashville, Rice Lake..........------ +75, 000
Wloailvakere.o sn ence atoaak asec +37, 500 New Richmond, Cedar Lake... ---.-- $200, 000
Metonpa bake: cgict eee tee sce te 22, 500 Pelican, Pelican Lake.......-------- +75, 000
SandiWiakoss.-caokee ete gat sane 37, 500 Pembine, Headquarters Lake-....-- +75, 000
Stone Wake: 2 20) sacs acess cae $37, 500 Readstown, Kickapoo River- .------ +250, 000
Devils Lake, Devils Lake. ...------- +200, 000 Kickapoo River, East Branch...-- +150, 000
Eldorado, Eldorado Pond..-..------ +150, 000 Reedsburg, Baraboo River. .-------- +200, 000
Woolen Mill Creek..........------ +150, 000 Russell Creeks eee ee. sees +150, 000
Fountain City, Mississippi River-- - - a790 Rice Lake, Ginder Lake.......------ +50, 000
Genoa, Lay ee Bivens stan s a 4,000 Hemlock ake: ssat seeeeees sec +75, 000
Gordon, Bond Lake...........------ +75, 000 Rice Wakes: a= eso kene ee +100, 000
Grand Rapids, Fourteen Mile Creek. +150, 000 Upper Deety Lake.........------- +50, 000
WaSCOnSINGR Iver a. - scenes eset +200, 000 Wpper Rice Wake... 4220 6 2s-ceons +50, 000
Hawthorne, Lyman Lake......----- +100, 000 Sheboygan Falls, Gerber Lake. ----- +150, 000
Hayward, Elmer Lake........------ +75, 000 Prairieiake =o 24:28 j2e5 5 Scenes +150, 000
Baran MaKe ss =: soi'sho caltnat sees es 000 Stanley, Jump River..........------ +250, 000
Hollyglbdkesen sas accae cee oesewes 75, 000 Stone Lake, Bass Lake........------ +50, 000
Murphy Wakes... -------.2-.-483=4 +75, 000 MSE hako seal ee ook aaetares eee +75, 000
Starlakerse se eee secs sce etseae +75, 000 Slim Makesesiocasetaecceen eee eee +100, 000
Independence, Bugle Lake......-.-- 4175, 000 Superior, Amnicon Lake.......----- +100, 000
Tron River, Upper Eau Claire Lake- . +100, 000 Tomahawk, Big Rice Lake....------ +50, 000
Kilbourn, Wisconsin River......---- +200, 000 Big Rice: River: se een eee +100, 000
La Crosse, Bank Creek.........----- +50, 000 @lear Waka ese ois cee eee +200, 000
IBlackaRiver: 0. 4-- Geran oases +100, 000 CrystaliLake.. ..:/ 23) see +200, 000
Black Snake Creek...........----- +50, 000 Moar akesse ae <— o e ee +50, 000
Broken Gun Creek..........------ ~ +50, 000 Make Glaravtccsen ote tee ee eee +50, 000
Browns Marsh Bay.........------ 50, 000 Whittle Rice River... oss senee eee +100, 000
Chamberlain Creek.............--- 50, 000 Borg Waker: ieee ee sean teat +100, 000
TETRA. sooo. clos ganeee a. wae +50, 000 Mansons Wakel.. 22s si2 Lees +100, 000
Dane Creek: =. 2-22. dshael ese +50, 000 Muscallonge Lake.........-.------ +50, 000
Dodge Chute Creek...........----- 450, 000 Mysticibakels): Se Sr aes +50, 000
Datel! Creake asst ees. sx) sk 288 50, 000 Road Maken@sssse cee eekes meee 50, 000
inrenchCregkce. 222 52/5 3.552525 -25-- 50, 000 Skanawantakelsion, soaeseecaeees 50, 000
Hammond Chute Creek.....-.----- 50, 000 Spm Wale een el oe cece See +100; 000
Jollivetie Bay. ..... 20022 ..<.20-+ 50, 000 Somo' Bivers.tpceccweteaceens com 7150, 000
Mississippi River.........-..------ 3,500 Splcit Wake si. .nen cosa cee Oe +100, 000
Ruige baker cs csena- hace nee eae +50, 000 Spirig Riversa.o-cecu-cao-eeeeee +100, 000
Running Creeks 022 Seas 4 eee - 2 +50, 000 Tomahawk River.......---------- +300, 000
Spring Creek........-..--.-------- 750, 000 Wisconsin Hiveriececeeceqstcseeee 100, 000
Swift Creole. —.se-8 sates tooeeseeer +50, 000 Waupaca, Clear Lake.....-...------ 175, 000
Wigwam Creek. 2-22-22. -. 5 e-eee= +50, 000 Strattonvvake-vorcc niece ee eee +150, 000
Lakeside, Pewaukee Lake.....-..---- $250, 000 Winter, Barber Creek.........------ +50, 000
Waona, Buck Lake-/os.\22220- ses = +75, 000 BarberVakes ss 225.cc as ese sass +100, 000
Pilver, Lake... -.2.-..ckssi eet +75, 000 Barkeribake® 3i2es4 & ve Saat +50, 000
Lynxville, Mississippi River. - ------ a5,000 BlackiDan Dake-32 2-2 2s sesecessse +50. 000
Mellen, Carroll Lake-...:..-.-.----- +50, 000 Bronetierkvivetanccesaen sceteeses $175, 000
Wake Galilee. ....--.- jogeue eee ee +75, 000 Bly Bow. Creek. .2- <=. 2.2... tae +75, 000
Menomonie, Asylum Bend Lake....- 750, 000 Island hakeuiai sieves: seenic oes +75, 000
Milasta bake. 1/5/22... 250 L Ieee 50, 000 es
ee nene-.......... 08425. ee 50, 000 *212, 900, 000
Packebakees.. 2 ose et eee +50, 000 Total Oscc kee coe A see ee +174, 097, 500
Chippewa River.........-...------ +100, 000 15, 874
WOME SAK OS. nin incs on icpe sive a be dno +50, 000
YELLOW PERCH.
Colorado: Tlinois—Continued.
Wray, McGee’s pond................ 300 Galena, Mississippi River-.......-.-. a 3,700
Matheny Lake -S2f2 Shite rs oe" 300 Galesburg, City Lake........-..-.--- 30
Connecticut: Millington, Fox River...........--.. 30
Hartford, Buckland’s pond.......... +150, 000 || Nora, Apple River.........-..-..----- 50
Waterbury, Pritchard Pond......... 300 RediBud,Farrott Pond. 2.2) 2-2. 75
inois: Warren Apple River: cect se cee ee 200
Dallas City, Lake Cooper............ 47 || Indiana: Columbus, White River,
Farmer City, Salt Creek............. 30 MAS PESTANCH Seen th sce eee na Se 60

a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
> Loss in transit, 415,000 fry.

94 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.
YELLOW PERCH—Continued.

Disposition. Number.
Towa:

Bellevue, Mississippi River.......--- a 825

Fairfield, Fairfield Pond.........-.. 300

Fairport, Mississippi River.........-. a 305

Lime Springs, Upper Iowa River.... 450

Manchester, Maquoketa River....-.. 500

North McGregor, Mississippi River. . a 10,500

Kansas: Fort Scott, Bridal Veil Lake-- +20, 000
Kentucky:

Louisville, Lansdowne Lake. ....-.-- 30

Maceo, Kingfisher Lake.........-.--- 120

Mount Sterling, Lewis Pond.....-.-- 30
Marshall?s pond!.i.<..<che esol as 2 30
Thompson’s pond.........-.------ 30
Mipton’s Pond... <..~--2eebe teen 30

Maryland:

Accokeek Creek, Potomac River... -| 21,050,000

Broad Creek, Potomac River....---- , 220, 000

Pamunkey Creek, Potomac River-.-| 74,850, 000

Piscataway Creek, Potomac River. .| +26, 180, 000

Seneca, Potomac River.........-.-.- a 1,385

Swan Creek, Potomac River... .-.-- +4, 350, 000

Massachusetts:

Lee, Greenwater Pond..-....-.-.---- +300, 000
Mantelibakeles-Se0l. eset ae Bees +300, 000
Lower Goose Pond........-.------ +300, 000
Shaw Ponds: 2 seis esas eae 750, 000
Stockbridge Pond.............---- 300, 000

owell,, Keys. Pond): .s25-' 2555-32 7300, 000
Tone Ponds: os selec apne soca +300, 000
Mid tPond eas tee se Peie seme eee 7300, 000
miound (Pond? a. jaa ee, Nee +300, 000

Pittsfield, Richmond Pond........-- +450, 000

Michigan: Rose Center, Long Lake-.-..
Minnesota:
Fairmont, Sisseton Lake........-.---. 400
Homer, Mississippi River..........- is 180, en
?

Lake City, Lake Pepin... .s2.)5. 24-2 a4,970

Richmond, Mississippi River.....--- a7,350

Winona, Mississippi River..-.-.-..-..-- a2, 450

Mississippi:

Aberdeen, Big Clear Creek......---- 25
PeADIIUAKG. ccs gece cel welaere 25
Mrpsy Creek) ..c- ccs. verses 422 25
ANUS PONG eee aes eeaaccere secteee 25
WONES'SHAKO=) Scalsect peeasacceteee 25
MONES’S PONGS o.n0- os soe nea -<eele 25
PAK Vb aK oe one od ae inn RE 25
Smith Lake|(A)). sc... -ssci82 ober 25
Smith ake/(B).. -c--..sseetae see 25
Wrest Creat: oc. 2c, abet esela- 25
Willow lakes. --\cceknnnc= weep 25

Moon, Moon Lake... <2. lsu s aecie- 100

Missouri:
Ferguson, Wabash Club Lake......- 20
: +5, 000

Joplin, Sloan Lake.........2...----- { ut
PDUINE WRI Els neon a ep cinvieuee ces +15, 000

Kansas City, Alton-Slater Pond..... 273

isle MLIsle Wakerse 225 nme names
Merwin, Corbin’s pond.
Neosho, Haggard Pond.
Morse Hare Ponds 5 a. ionn cs nicciee
Sedalia, Kahn’s pond..............-
New Hampshire:
Concord, Contoocook River.........
Greenfield, Otter Lake..-....-----.-
Simset bakers ose teats eta mte tenses nies
Hanover, Cummings Pond.....-....
Manchester, Long Pond.............
MOSQUITO PONG tts eepee ee eraiciesion s
New Jersey: Princeton, Carnegie Lake.
New York:
Barryville, Little Lake..............
Cape Vincent, St. Lawrence River . .
Carleton Island, St. Lawrence River.
Fishkill, Brinckerhoff Pond.........
Grassy Bay, St. Lawrence River..-.
Jamesport, Fleury’s Monde. Pewee. we

+600, 000
+5, 075, 000
50, 000

, 050; 000
+15; 775, 000
+150, 000

Disposition. Number
New York—Continued.
Mount Marion, Birch Pond.....-..... +150, 000
Narrowsburg, Lake Narrowsburg. . . +600, 000
Ogdensburg, State fish commission... +250, 000
Pine Bush, Dwaarkill Creek......... +300, 000
Poplar Tree Bay, St. Lawrence
Ve! ssc Uden eee eee een eee +4, 400, 000
Port Henry, Ledge Lake...........- +800, 000
Rhinecliffe, Crystal Lake............ 7450, 000
Ellerslie Lake.......--.....-...... 600, 000
Scotch Brook, St. Lawrence River - - +750, 000
North Carolina:
Connelly Springs, Cannon Creek....- 54
Macon, Hardy Spring Pond.......-.. 27
Pee Dee, Blewett Falls Lake........ 81
Rockingham, Pee Dee Pond......... 81
Wilson, Hinnant’s pond............. 54
North Dakota: Devils Lake, Devils
JBE¢: ieee pene eee eee Sse 500
Ohio: Russells Point, Indian Lake.... 140
Oklahoma:
Armstrong, Hatchery Ponds........ 12h, oe
Glencoe, Murphy Lake.............- 100
Mehan, Birdseye Lake..........-..- 100
Williams’s pond.../22.) 2222.2. 100
Meridian, Brooks’s pond...........- 100
Norman; Day Wake: :2:22.52:sa00ee 100
Huls' Lakes. <222.222-22iss-5 ee 100
Moody (bake ¢ 2222222200 25:-.82 ee 100
Shives ake... i225.2..4322.255.08" 200
State Hospital Lake............--. 100
Steen Lakeid.| S25) 6-1 pee 100
Ralston, Thompson’s pond.......... 1
Rock Island, Robinson Pond........ 715, 000
Stillwater, Kernke’s pond... kL 100
‘Parks’s' pond: CA). ..0se es ee 100
Parks's) pond. (B).~ ...cdsecen sees 100
Pennsylvania:
Altoona, Juniata River...........-.- 120
Curry, Keagy Pondscttieeccencuceee 100
Haleeka, Cresson Pond.............. 20
Philadelphia, League Island Pond... 125
Quakertown, Lu Lu Park Pond..... 60
Vermont:
Brandon, Lake Hortonia............ +900, 000
Brattleboro, West River.......-...-. 7600, 000
Kast Fairfield, Metcalf Pond.......- 7300, 000
Ely, Lake Fairlee........22.-.0..088 7600, 000
Fair Haven, Little Pond............ 225
Milton, Westford Pond.............. +200, 000
North Ferrisburg, Cedar Lake....... 7400, 000
Ihewis Creek. 5. . 0-1 gaccesseeee ee 7300, 000
Little Otter Creeki2a. teak $300, 000
Poultney, Lake St. Catherine... ..... 406
Rutland, Meadow Lake............. 7600, 000
Otter Creek. avi: gaan 5 200
St. Johnsbury, Gilman’s Pond...... +750, 000
Salisbury, Otter Creek.............- 500, 000
Sharon, Moose Meadow Pond....... 300, 000
South Londonderry, Lowell Lake... baer
Peony 000
600, 000
Dogue Creek, Potomac River.......- +26, 350, 000
Little Hunting Creek, Potomac
1 ne eat Eh Sn 15, 460, 000
Pohick Creek, Potomac River ....... 26, 910, 000
Wisconsin: ;
Brokaw, Wisconsin River........... 1, 050
Fountain City, Mississippi River... 14, 800
Galesville, Lake Marmuka..-.....-. 600
Genoa, Mississippi River............ 10, 000
La Crosse, Mississippi River......... 20, 000
Lynxville, Mississippi River........ 3, 000
Trempealeau, Mississippi River. .-... 19, 320
175, 421, 000
MOalens ss cecccsseeee een eee {t 163, 839

a IR ATT pM "EP AA ALITA AEN SEERA OB ees
a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917. 95

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

WHITE PERCH.

Disposition. Number.

North Carolina--Edenton’ Albemarle Sound = 2-252. 4a age ge- God - 2 2-2 bead ces eseeees 732, 625, 000

WHITE BASS. a

Disposition. Number. Disposition Number.
Iowa: Wisconsin:
Bellevue, Mississippi River........-- 4, 500 Genoa, Mississippi River............ 300
Fairport, Mississippi River.......... 498 La Crosse, Mississippi River......... 10, 000
Potalye ssn ee 15, 298

YELLOW BASS. a

Disposition. Number.

Rassounisshersuson, WabashiClabwiake ud sess cact ee OS ed nodaasoboesScandeie 15

STRIPED BASS.

MonaMoAroln PV eldon sROANOKOVRIGET oe septs Sas waebnckee- ckae aba shee cutenenbededd $16, 137, 000
MACKEREL.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Massachusetts: Massachusetts—Continued.
Falmouth, Buzzards Bay........... +789, 000 Manchester, Massachusetts Bay....- +420, 000
Gloucester, Atlantic Ocean.........- +75, 000 —
Gosnold, Vineyard Sound........... +1, 057; 000 Pirie Eee CR Pe eo Lez NB $2, 341, 000
BUTTERFISH.
Disposition. Number.
Massachusetts: Gloucester, Atlantic, Oceam ne. ..... 2. {222 on. --2-bses ee eaten ea eee +920, 000
COD
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Massachusetts: Massachusetts—Continued.
Beverly, Massachusetts Bay... ...- +7, 870, 000 New Bedford, Buzzards Bay.....- +4, 421, 000
Chilmark, Vineyard Sound....... 74, 522, 000 Rockport Atlantic Ocean........- 717, 220, 000
Falmouth, Buzzards Bay....-..--- 711, 544, Tisbury, Nantucket Sound....... +6, 683, 000

Mel Ponds eset ene ee jylei "oe t Vineyard) Sound’). 22200205. 5" 4, 297, 000

Great Hasborsscss-. 25: -24--.-)% Woods Hole, Great Harbor....... 2,648

Nantucket Sound......:........ New York: New York City, Aqua-

Vineyard ‘Soundts: fee yacsa4: THOM Gh May eee eed #h AO *1, 000, 000
Gloucester, Atlantic Ocean (a
Gosnold, Buzzards Baye scdekes! ont *1, 000, 000

Great Harbor................... , 678, Dotaliosy estes -2 BN A Le +236, 786, 000

Wineyard (Soundizie 25 22sec +96, 098, 000 648
Manchester, Massachusetts Bay..:| $16, 130, 000

a Rescued from overflowed land and restored to original waters.

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1917—Continued.

POLLOCK.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Maine: Boothbay Harbor, Boothbay Massachusetts—Continued.
PaTbONe fei se sees see dese esaecoeee +3, 346, 000 Manchester, Massachusetts Bay...| 140,010,000
Massachusetts: Marblehead, Massachusetts Bay...| 14, 620,000
Beverly, Massachusetts Bay...... +189, 470, 000 Rockport, Atlantic Ocean......... 292, 150, 000
Gloucester, Atlantic Ocean.-....-- +712, 650, 000 Ipswich! Bay. tecc-escsneees ones +79, 460, 000
Ipswich Bayes cost ee soe cee sac +29, 230, 000
Massachusetts Bay.........-.--- +13, 160, 000 Totals sit ekescssceatecce tees +1, 474, 096, 000
HADDOCK.
Massachusetts: Massachusetts—Continued.
Beverly, Massachusetts Bay... .-- +800,000 || Rockport, Ipswich Bay........... 71, 000, 000
Gloucester, Atlantic Ocean..-.-...-- +4, 920, 000
} TOtge as smesencet tossse eee +6, 720, 000
FLOUNDER.
Maine: Massachusetts—Continued.
Boothbay Harbor, Boothbay Gloucester, Ipswich Bay.......... +12, 280, 000
UE Koh] 6(05 PB ie As a eae wea 7148, 342, 000 Gosnold, Buzzards Bay...-.-.-..-.-- 716, 794, 000
Minekins (Bays scot eee ete ee eae $662, 230, 000 HadleysHarbors.-coase-4-ssee eee +111, 148, 000
East Boothbay, Linekins Bay....}| +77, 257,000 ILackeyS Baye wen snereeee. eee 431, 130, 000
Southport, Townsend Gut........ 7838, 437, 000 Vineyard Sound)... 2.2.22 2225 133, 920, 000
Massachusetts: Manchester, Manchester Harbor... +14, 180, 000
Chilmark, Menemsha Pond....... +16, 576, 000 Massachusetts Bay........-....- 714, 300, 000
Falmouth, Deacons Pond Harbor.| 78, 126, 000 Provincetown, Provincetown Har-
LOL MEV ch 0X0 emanate Se eye a 714, 093, 000 Ole tad eae ane a Ra oe +16, 661, 000
Great Harbor.4 cits Let ee 716, 907, 000 Wareham, Wareham River.-.-..... 733, 451, 000
Nantucket Sound...........---- 24, 246,000 || Rhode Island: Wickford, Wickford
Wiadquoly IBay2scc.e- 202 oe) 100, 237, 000 TH QU OO eee: see ses cai yee eee eee +85, 481, 000
Gloucester, Annisquam River... .- +21, 830, 000
At aniic!O Coane eee sec eee 44, 210, 000 JNO becsbo sees Gaeta STS 71, 814, 696, 000
Gloucester, Gloucester Harbor..| 762,860,000
MISCELLANEOUS FISHES.a
Arkansas: Black rock, Black River. 1,922 || Kentucky: Kuttawa, Cumberland
Illinois: Dallas City, Lake Cooper... 398 Che an oee Fe ae = Bnei aban eats 1,041
Iowa: Fairport, Mississippi River-.-- 3,557 || Minnesota: Lake City, Lake Pepin. 9, 027
CRO US e 2. gersetare tains eee 15, 945
LOBSTER.
Maine: Maine—Continued.
Bass Harbor, Bass Harbor....-...- +1, 000, 000 North Haven, North Haven Har-
Biddeford Pool, Biddeford Cove... +2, 800, 000 orks Ee . See +1, 500, 000
Bois Rubert, Pigeon Hill Bay-.-.. 71, 500, 000 Orrs Isle, Chandlers Bay........-. +7, 000, 000
Boothbay Harbor, Boothbay Har- Perkins, Oquinquit Harbor..-..-. +2, 800, 000
DOPE eee cate te See woe pouasan nc +500, 000 Phippsburg, Small Point Harbor... +3, 000, 000
Linekins Bay +5, 000, 000 Port Clyde, Port Clyde Harbor... +2, 000, 000
Cape Porpoise, Cape Porpoise. .... +3, 000, 000 Portland, Peaks Island Roads..... 73, 000, 000
Cape Split, Cape Split Harbor..... +3, 500, 000 Portland Harbors-pe eee +500, 000
Pleasant Bayi.....3.25..eeesseetie +1, 000, 000 Rockland, Rockland Harbor...-.-. +6, 000, 000
Cundy Harbor, Cundy Harbor.... +3, 500, 000 Rogue Bluff, Rogue Harbor.....-. +3, 000, 000
Cushing, Georges River........... +2, 000, 000 South Hancock, Penobscot Bay... 74, 000, 000
Pleasant Point Gut............. +500, 000 Skillings Wiversen sos cn. oo. 0 +6, 000, 000
Eastport, Broad Cove.......-..--- +3, 000, 000 Southport, Ebencook Harbor..... +5, 000, 000
Edgecomb, The Eddy..........-- +5, 000,000 || Vinal Harbor, Crockett River..... +2; 000, 000
Friendship, Friendship Harbor... . +1, 500.000 Westport, Clarks Cove...........- +5, 000, 000
Gouldsborough, Prospect Harbor. 72, 000, 000 York Harbor, York River........ 72, 800, 000
Horse Isle, Horse Isle Harbor..... +3, 000, 000 || Massachusetts:
Jonesport, Mooseapeak Reach..... +4, 000, 000 Gloucester, Massachusetts Bay... . Tee ooo
Kennebunkport, Kennebunkport Manchester, Massachusetts Bay... 155, 000
[ot 0 ae a Sa CLASS eenebore 73,000,000 || New Hampshire: Little Harbor,
Kittery, Pepperell Cove........... +2, 800, 000 LACH OFAN DOE’. .<,<) <i) -:000-00 oe Sones +2, 800, 000
Machias, Starboard Creek......... 73,000,000 || Washington: Anacortes, Rosario
Mare Point, Mare Point Bay...... +500, 000 MASE B OMe claceoc sidce ae aenccee tooo ~ 5,400
Mount Desert, Southwest Har- ——_—_——
DORE Sa ace sc eee eee anon. +1, 000, 000 Total +110, 260, 000
New Harbor, New Harbor........ TOOONODU ||" 0 eiecre sic eae cepa 5, 400

a All enumerations listed in this statement represent miscellaneous fishes rescued from overflowed

lands and restored to original waters.

DISTRIBUTION COSTS.

DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917,

oO

In the latter part of 1915 a system was inaugurated by the super-
intendent of car and messenger service for determining the costs of

distributing the various species of fishes.
the desired data, ‘‘cost slips”

To furnish the office with
were attached to mileage reports,

which messengers were required to submit to the office upon com-
pletion of each trip. The following table, based upon information
contained in cost slips, shows the average cost per 1,000 of distribut-
ing fry, fingerling, and adult fishes for the calendar year 1916, exclu-
sive of messengers’ salaries:

MerTHoD OF DISTRIBUTION, BY STATIONS, SpeciES, NUMBER, AND SIZE OF FIsuH,
AND Costs.

DISTRIBUTION BY CAR MESSENGERS.«

f Total pains Mil M
: : Number o 5 ota cost per iles iles
Name of station. Species. fish. Size cout thou- paid. | free.
sand.
Bozeman, Mont..| Trout........ GCE 00 | Uae beim a ccaececeee $187.80] $0.32 1806) See
LD NC Sa Rae do:2.: 132, 600} Fingerlings, 1-inch.- . 158.84) 1.197 5, 596 830
ID ae See Gee do... 37,100] Fingerlings, 24-inch. . 174.15) 4.69 2018 |ze eters
Craig Brook, Me..|..... dol.s. HS OOONMET yee een senassese 41.45 - 262 I, O08 |eoscosos
Dow stk vet” Salmon...... 30,000]. ..-. COL eel ae valk 17.50]. 583 Ag Ee
Green Lake, Me..|..... GOs. 35 135, 000}... - - il P eee e cope cere 36. 00 - 266 616)-2-oass5
IDO ea eee eel aac do... 63, 000 Hingerlines, 1-inch... 66.33} 1.052 W210 | fesse
+s piesa S cee TrouUties ssc 605800) Bry 2-5 oscar 4-5-5555 21. 40 -d51 ASW oe occa atare
Bocce ae eee Gozo: 50, 000 miceeriiene! 1-inch.. 16. 23 325 334) ous Sace
Lead vite Waloe ssh 2. do.. 1, 616, 746] Fingerlings, 1- 3inch. 548. 25 - 339 2,634) 15,843
Manchester, Iowa.|....- do.. 420, 360 Fingerlings, 1-4inch. 425.56) 1.01 248 be eee
Northville, Mich..|..... done set GSTSOO RR ryse ee eree aera 172.66] .2533} 1,271) 5,343
Dots. Pond fishes 75,427| Fingerlings, 1-2inch. 537.95| 7.13 10, 742 72
Quincy Tees ee 2). Nos pee 82, 844 Fingerlings, 1-6inch.| 1,516.71] 18.308 | 31,921)........
Spear sh, Spak-|\' Trout: . 03-22 32, 000 Fingerlings, 1-24 inch 69.23] 2.16 Ti 510| See esos
Upper Mississippi Pond fishes 139) 711 Fingerlings, 1-6inch.| 1,457.48} 10.432 Pp 475 442
eee sta-
bd
Bea eee eee doen By OS82|VACUINisee se sass see 106. 56] 28. 94 SEViEM | are eice
white § Sulphur, | Trout...2.-.- 365, 700| Fingerlings, 1-4inch. 408.41} 1.116 67904)5 22 Saas
Wytheville, Was nc|tecee do... 242, 134) Fingerlings, 1-3 inch. 249.96) 1.03 4,018 92
DISTRIBUTION BY STATION MESSENGERS.c
Baird, Cal........ Trout .- ss24e 145000), HrycicncSSo-. echsese $64.10) $4.578 A038 scene
Sea Se do... 20,000) Fingerlings, 1-inch. -. 84.51) 4.22 2LOG| Faeroe
ots, Mads 3.222 isatz6 Lees ee 4005000) Fry -.2J5252.- 3... -- 5.70) .0142 (| eee
‘a Yellow perch.| 64,100,000|.....do........-......| 281.90] .00439] 5, 413].......-
Birdeview, Wash .| ‘Trout ..-:.... 45, 800 PEEPLES, 1-inch. . 91.25} 1.99 2016) -2esha :
Bozeman, Mont .|,. edo... 493000)" 32 IGOR GUS 9. 22420342 84.50) 1.069 ie AGQ Seo cee 3
Oppo Saesees eee does 263, 200 ineerince, 14-inch... 160.10} .608 3,134) 3,712
Don 2 RAE 2-|) 43 do...! 29, 500 Fingerlings, 2-inch... 26. 23) . 889 G15 see ee
a Sree ie ee ba do.. s 3,400} Fingerlings, 24-inch. , 12.65) 3.72 EST el ae
Bee san sae Grayling ..... TIS OOO MR yee soS2e "Pc! L2RGbie lO? le toserne| sate. tes
Balloch Ga..| Pond fishes. . 209 Adults 233-0226 5he- 131. 98/631. 48 BO LEDINE oace ne
BO. See |e Clot Saas 359, 684| Fingerlings, 1-5inch.| 1,459.59} 4.057 32, 311 4
Caney moesié} N.Y.| Whitefish....} 11,900,000) Fry-.........-.-...- "108. 22] | 009 2,218) 5523 2so6
D0 ,2,5,<,.200 =e Pike perch... 10, 790, GOO GOs 2852). Seen 128.18) .0118 2 GOO | pales ana
D0 .5. eee Treute s 54.5% 926, 000)... -- GO go... Jeo %aer. 367.77) .397 8, 426 31
Dia n,3, eet te ee ae. 1022 9, 000) Fingerlings, 1-inch.. - 13.12) 1.46 660|2s 23045<
DO. steer Salmon...... MHO00| MUG Ys. SUR. aes ae S02 Ake [aaa sea ean se eo
Clackamas, Oreg..} Trout........ 127,000} Fingerlings, 24-inch. . 126.45) .995 2, 544 50

a Detached messenger shipments from cars.

> La Crosse, Bellevue, and North McGregor.

¢ Distribution by station messengers includes cost of making distribution direct from the station with-
outacar. This distribution is usually to near-by points.

Cost in addition to ‘‘ Distribution by car.’’

98 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917.

METHOD oF DistRIBUTION, BY SrTations, Species, NUMBER, AND SIZE or Fisu,
AND Costs—Continued.

DISTRIBUTION BY STATION MESSENGERS—Continued.

Average
. * Number of . Total pa er| Miles | Miles
Name ofstation. | Species. fish. Size. ew hit Peas paid. | Pie
sand.
Craig Brook, Me..| Trout.......- 107,750) Fingerlings,1-5inch.| $217. 73) $2.02 4,000 sic caee
DO 3 3teb esa ae Salmon...... 11, 600) Fingerlings, 2-3 inch. 117.45} 10. 124 2,284). 2 2steee
DO eee ne rea Humpback 320, O00) Wry cee merects ou. a = 13. 50
salmon.
Duluth, Minn. . Whitefish....| 9,610,000|..... (519)5 ace aamenole 139. 20
DO Paes ee cen Pike perch...| 23,100,000} Fry and eggs. ..-.-.- 148. 12
DO screesi sre ciewe TTOWGeeneaeee 105205; OOOH MEG Vie srentyoe mews, 593. 60
DOS see Sst seclueees rote ee 516, 580| Fingerlings, 1-2 inch. 318. 43
Erwin, Tenn....-|.---- doe. a4 497, 360 Fingerlings, 1-4 inch. 832. 11
DORs eee Pond fishes. 24,820) Fingerlings, 2-4 inch. 272. 06
Edenton, N.C....| Shad. --.-..-- 1, 620,000) F 103. 60
DQ sue. secese Pond fishes. . 16, 900 120. 70
DORE Se baaao-||aenee GOlse ese 25, 200 249. 38
Green Lae, Me..| Trout = 175,000) F 6. 10
nia See Smelt 3, 000, 000 92. 54
Do Be A See Salmon 44, 000 21.30
Homer, Minn...-- Pike perch...| 3,350,000 71. 18
DO scck: aera Yellow perch. 200, 000) 4.79)
DO pocscers Pond fishes. .. 35, 245| Fingerlings, 2-6 inch. 560. 88
La Crosse, (Wis. .-.|----- GMOreiee ea 92,250} Fingerlings, 1-6 inch. 609. 93
DO bic octeehes Mrowty ewes 113,000) Fingerlings, 2inch... 33. 58)
DOr eo eosuase Pike perch S780) 000) (ery is eta eat 127.15
Leadville, Colo....| Trout........ 848, 500 ite poatin ees 1-3inch. 94. 30
Louisville, Ky....| Pond fishes... 26,300)... -- (a Loe eee te 223. 49
Manchester, lowa.| Pikeperch...| 2, 900, QUONMEIDY, eee ecto nea er 88. 49)
a Spring, Pond fishes... "389, 500)... Lu Loa A at eee 656. 22
owa.
Fingerlings, 1-2inch
ae See setae se Se
PY oo eek aaaaetsat
este (1 (0 Relea eae
Fingerlings, linch..
TP ACUICS: eoeae sabes saad
dia Aen ek eRe
Ringeainee, 1-7inch.
Wearlings ee oc... =<=
ee 1-3 inch.
Boss BY ers Nein deta
Dor a sree, Trowtes seeeee 4, 205, 000 ae and eggs. é
DOr es oe Pike perch... 12’ 600, 000) Ey =) eet eee: sae
Da eae ie tee Pond fishes... ” 995, (0,0 Oa Ta ere rornfate eto ets atch
1010 seep es eae Grayling..... 25,000 ....- Co Lo yaya thes 5 2 Snes
DOW Rae tae Pond fishes... 10,575| Fingerlings, 1-21nch.
IDO Raa Ee Ne AW uo] by yeas eres 79,500} Fingerlings, 1}inch..
Orangeburg, S. C.| Pond fishes... 107, 500) Fingerlings, Linch...
Quincy, Ill....... Pike perch... 1600; 000|Hnysesascissme ar cence
st. J ohnsbury, Vitel a cee do: vies 52, 400, 000}... .- Gone 545. 5582
FS aie spe. cf> Pond fishes. ' naan CAO ao eeeiah Heme
Do Ee eh oan pasion doesent 5,475] Fingerlings, 1-3 inch.
Dore peeke ees Trout seis. be 1,474, 300 Ey -- 2 twats seo beset
Doec cere amet t carte dO: 5x52 346, 511 Hine lines: 1-24
inch
San Marcos, Tex..| Pond fishes... 347, 002 Fingerlings, 1-4 inch.
Saratoga, Wyo... Tronte ous de TSS RO0G Miryic ace ise whi ste
DOz- eee ten c| se tee GOsecuioas 471, 000 HADEpUIEES, 1-14
inch.
Spearfish, S. Dak.|....- do. 525, 000}... -. GOvesciee een ee
epee, Miss... Pond fishes... 166; GOOh ery ese eee Me»
snsei = SAE ears [bie akon ase 143, 000} Fingerlings, 1-6 inch.
white pueks, oe dossue.2: 70, 000) Hirry’s .ttietren sete see
Le Smle tae ieldels'e Trot). 2s.22 149, 700} Fingerlings, 1-2 inch.
Waythovile, Va...| Pond fishes... 29000) Miry oc: > esas oe
2 aie Web ore] Rae oko ee Ameer 42, 641 peneenlings, 1-6 inch.
Do ase0 hk nile weasel Salmon...... 45800) rye a a2 828 eae
Jonbegieneeh ED POUL «dene, 87,710) Fingerlings, 1-3 inch.
Wooas Hole, Mass | Flatfish...... 75,1685, 000) Hrycucca sos eee oo

_DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1917, 99

MetHop oF DIsTRIBUTION, BY StaTIons, Species, NUMBER, AND SIZE OF FIsH,
AND Costs—Continued.

DISTRIBUTION BY CARS.a

Number of Total Gate Mil
A 7 umber 0 . ota cost per iles | Miles
Name of station. Species. fish! Size. aah thou- | paid. | free.
sand.
Battery, Md......] Yellow perch.| 11,000,000] Fry..............--- $144. 20] $0. 0129 622 (Beaune ae
Beaufort, N. C....| Salt water.... Z10|| ACLULES eo on eee eee 256. 12/931. 34 1, 207 82
Bozeman, Mont. -.| Trout........ 1,571,350) Fry Bud ae 1,050.08) . 668 4,636} 4,483
(2-inch).
Craig Brook, Me.-.} Salmon...... 624, 000 de aud ee 228.00} .365 GOO) oe
1-inch).
Erwin, Tenn..... routes ss 910,000) Fingerlings,1-3inch.| 2,272.80) 2.497 Si bGAlres whe
Green Lake, Me..|..... hays Nee 831, 016] Fingerlings, 1-inch... 454.70! 547 a VPA eS
Doesias es." Salmon...... SyO380224| pHing a ee ss 2 Se 373.05] . 123 25066 Seeman
Leadville, Colo...| Trout...:.... 2,028,146) Fingerlings,1-3inch.| 1,063.96) .524 1,802) 9,715
Manchester, Iowa.|....- do........| 1,025,567) Fingerlings, 1-4inch.} 1,628.67] 1.58 85140| Scenes
Northville, Mich..| Pond fishes... 88, 933! Fingerlings,1-3inch.| 1,192.77! 13.40 Onto eee
Put in Bay, Ohio.} Pike perch... ONGCOs000 PE rysecs.. =. 25. sc eee 153.51} . 016 Goll paseo eee
Quincy, Ill......- Pond fishes... 29,360) Fingerlings,1-5inch.| 1,759. 37| 59.92 7, 664 152
Spearfish, 8. Dak.} Trout........ 92, 000) Penns) 1-23 155. 40} 1.69 1008) 5 es
inch.
Upper Mississippi | Pond fishes... 228,062) Fingerlings, 1-5inch.| 5,132.04) 22.50 7B A a aseae
collecting sta-
tion.6 "
1D (055 SORE ae ha ee dore.ne.- MGSO IAQUITS s246~ |. ccencee 1, 055. 25/134. 49 TEES SaSeeaEe
wate Sulphur, | Trout........ 876, 751) Fingerlings, 1-4 inch.} 2,011.50) 2.294 GS 26 |eemee wee
ava
Wytheville, Va...|..... GOnee chee 531, 562) Fingerlings,1-3inch.| 1,741.60) 3.276 Byfleet eas

a Distribution by cars shows cost of transporting fish to destination or until delivered to car messenger.
b La Crosse, Bellevue, and North McGregor,

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ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES
IN 1917

By WARD T. BOWER, Agent, and HENRY D. ALLER, Assistant

Appendix II to the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1917

99805°—19——14 1

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CONTENTS.

Page
OHM MERIMAD SE Seco he Cie ac aAsta etic o-oo oe Ea sie nye cis\aos ofe = s'e.d crc oe meeaimety 3 7
PAM GeOs IMEEM BEFVICO: 2.02.00. 2+ sess ac setindstecococcednenees Sen aieae 8
FISHERY INDUSTRIES.
Water closed) io Commercial fishies: 2.02202. oo Soeeiee ces cools e v,sv oe sisielwntece 10
Ser retUMIED FOVEMVGND: 2c) yans -\ tatee tie cece icc: =e eRe pgs co \da\pig aig. wee sis SRR 13
Giduca fishery intellizence Service: ..-..2..52... -ssseesecss eden mane new Meee 13
PRE MNNOOA US oe a cyte) ier ya: 3 PRS tare ooo oo oF alee yi Stieber ss stn sae 14
Nialations of laws'and regulations. 2:t424. se, 2:.ia 4 beam elon aeestatee ls Ms oe asd 14
Plerminital MecIslative NOLES.- 2c 8 hee e eke oc 2 2 noice Saye A= Ee hs SL 16
PEPRUInIA LICORSE CAX 2 oo oc ois sien sitigisisivesc oo se x's epee eae Bee 17
Demme MEMENTOS So. pra, crats oles ral he as Rie anid Sho b'a.e wi ched Halo a erm aye NSAI She lalla 18
maenuan islands Keser vatlon ec ice pias 2 bey ota. afar: teas a eee ene s deme deceeee 19
RUAN ieee CRPEMLION S20 oe eae Cte cate hata oe oxi citin cieleimataleelorcue cele ciergels one 19
Annette Island BABB ery MESOLVGHE sco sabe Non ce suis oma Son eens ee PUR e ae 21
Beier oruelierion by pits: CSL it Stas cs s hak tance teeint asc. donee 22
PCRU EE uly Or NENER Nc tc sales rine cme cc se tiavawe oe ecko cath. Snes 22
SOIR LC LAS SUNS) 9 (2 ie hie Se a eae EP CE BC RRR SN EAE PN YH 23
LASTS AELT) sal] WO) 6 17/0) eM aa 9 i Sl eg a aR RM PRA Oa ia bts Latha 23
BUC HT TOUMUER.. stan aae edt apisrsin cia <ciopn ancnie 2 Sale cicie amt Magn oecualnicataais 24
MIPLCET YAN SUOCHIOME cheat cess = os 2 oon wim OE Me MEE tlh Bia wiandhlela 25
15 VF SLES) A170, 0: ead ap a a ee Ny PORES 25
PYRE Ayes ae oan es ataiacia oe als cain cae dels edie Rie elated wie a an a 25
PMGE UA Ria Me ace ints He Wlaic Oa afte Se re Rd Wie eicle at do's ae ora eon RAT apne eM ce 25
| Os 2 Tg pel ls i aah ea Os ap Nae ED ee NGG, TEA? SL 26
BeU MERE ne uae cae ar a cia ois ele an ele lal aoe wvains clei ale oe winloraanate eatbarpeye Ree 26
IPERS ta crcl etre has oe aioe Sere 2 alae calc Sk cin aaleias Sis etese doe Rerciek: Rane 26
REA Seite osc Caicle sees nisin os Soc aicinine cals cides oi tural akan hrs he ILD 26
2 SEL SEE Beaty ie Ae a agp aie ROE RP EDL eR OT SOE Ta 27
PERS connate jcmrcie tack auieis a celenadce Sakis at Cota ha stam see ok 27
Generalstatistics of the fisheries in 1917 | ooo. 2 cl ein doce e's nobles s wosiste 27
oo Shit 1 1 SF oss tas ate po a edi ale ae eg aS PNR Oe 28
DMO CALE ete) MOEIMIS OL PORT. 0. ok. Soe tee a gene aa genie ne a5 seit 29
Catch of salmon in Bristol Bay waters. ..............2.2.222-e-eecee 31
Saliion CAMP EE eos Secs ac ps ain lame dabei emcee me halts Maura cm Alem 32
ING W: BANMGIIER: hon notre a oa= = ce eee te eR ee Sake ere tae eae 32
Changes il canaries: 00. Sccen o daictac atch Latelsuths ciarech wae teide aeue 33
Oanneties Operated Mm VOLTS. se sie. c'mon tin Su mice ge opiate, eo ote 33
PS [TET BA PD ee BG TR EAR AE PR AT GR ART ARTSY OS SB 35
Losses and disasters in the salmon-canning industry. ..............-. 37
Mild curing of salmon......... Seen S Ere Oe ne bay) Geen anue 38
Bannon plekding. oS eee et cetewees vel es weaaee tee neers bee ak 39
Sree ZANT 0S) OS aerate = 2 Saws... Six'5,a'tathe MEU wept ee, Ss Deane 41
ieee ee erHh CEACLO™ 2% SSPE SE Ae bes heir .e: « ° NN Se eR SSR Se ete ten See 41
Dry salting, drying, and smoking of salmon. -........-....5.---..2-2000- 42
PME RTOAUICUS: +25 >See emer sms ses oo 5s eos ke es Nog eee 43
Prat MieneMnaanT OSS 2 S5tTSseASsoctTlsl3c 12 Sese See tee 43
PT ASLO LPS hy Regi fh Deak eae eae Me 4 lds ote Sa eM aime Bi 44
Soe nee a sedan aE Ee get Ree 09 1 < ea Raa eA lye 47
Neal Geb eraeraasicns:sth egos 32262 oo RRS e er sce nee 47
SHGhe Maeno taste’ Sarah sll ToS SAA LS eae 48
Siatininenmemmmmmineren se tower h ers 52 col Cees ae os Le cope eee 48
mecering fienenytneveenets fed ch 2365 oo 520 5c 556 ase enedete sess oe Saye 49
Statistical summary...,.,., Deicea le a did dig cciaa diaene me eae ene cin gis eigiolsia aeeotets 50

3

4 CONTENTS.

Whale fishery. 22-3... ise ccegedeecces t+ ciapeecereeekpesicn estas ieee meee
Shore Stations. 2 5. saa ake os 250505 eoe's tele ee erie ee ha ale ae ee ee
Statistical summary. 232.522 a. dois tees acres Satis ols Selok es oc ee oes

lam Hshery,. 02 = =~ 2s. sj sagas oem co awe oho he ames ae ee ieee

Minor ‘fisheries. J. .22% 2.32 skisels aaaine aoe sa ead gare + 2 eee eee eee

Sharks's ss 22cs2 5255842 eh he COTES ESS Ne ee e's Se retest cte eee

Hield works. i.c ss cccasedes cdc sastesesbsese sasisates stats accede eee
Tepulations.... Jecscce where ssdscesvaguewes sess Vth eee eee oeee ete eee
ur farming a ci424s'ss ons case shes teh esos sess sec e eet eseee ene see

Review of fur farming in southeastern Alaska. ..................--------
Shipment, of fursdrom Alaska; .s.0.0:9s0 2255222258) 5c. eS ee
lieasing. of islands for fur-farming. . 2.22221: 2ls5c52s202bsse220222-e. eee

FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY.

Pribllot islands ee. 2cete ti ee Se Se oe Shs k eee nee ec = wee ease ee
Generalvadministrative work. ci. cotcoet ct coe bec a eee
Rersonnel:s ssc ar hss was riba SF a Se RE Se AE O OS aire oie a ete Gielen eee
Purchase and transportation of supplies.) 26/2/00. 2220 224550 = ae
New buildings end tepair work =<... 50.5.2 025525000 ae
UsevotisteamertReosevelts.22 ah no Nal Sob. cals eck cee eee eae eee
Natives of the Pribilofdslanday 2225352225252 soo 0 se eos see

Motion -picturestcocsicihi cece te cs nc hiol th ee sae eae
Savings accoumts: 5525 2-65 . 1s 8 ae SE oe Da ae ee =e ee

Mur-sealsherdia 26s sa ncc88 SPRaUAe Se ee ee he eee eC SOCe eee Cee
HaManpolrseale:: fori sia aces CSET eres Soc Seoaeeare ane ote: see
Utilization oiavaste-prodwetal:: 52) 022652. gioer fii cl se epee
Prandediscalslsss ayaa nae Re ao eas Se eo Oo eee

Remderrens ces 4s Ps reed Sosa ee Stata tl cake hr

Radiomemices. 5.2362 Sera oos ae weet ene oce swe ones <2 ee een
Patrol of the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea.......-..-...------------2-
Sealing privileges, accorded aborigines... 2125. 0.20525¢ ope encns sep enn nantes
Shipment of skins from Pribilof Islands in 1917................-.-.--------0--
Sales of-fur-ceal dkins:: sc. uieclofe rion Silt ken een dace se) ee Ree
Salo offex skins: :ssfocr recep snd foes te ee oe

FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1917.

Scope Of VOUT census. iio 5. co. C aceon esac ccmmcc ss ss wisn se emet ahic/cageriaae
Habits Of Tar seals:... iio ool age wid ne ase bee eee ees > ae ene

‘The bresdinr COWS: . oc 25 dns visa c was a ss Sums on ee Bee et anie sje a eee
TLOsSeS At BGR Sooo SAE Scie aaicilocie-s pic o1-'<!9\ 2, sates aes < Ue ee er
AQEB OT COWES fos bo. Lo Scie edie stn epivie sels oo. 6 omen = a0 9. Gen
THO S-VWear-Old GOW es. | ss oe cn wit ne on oc vec eheeia es == ss tee

The 6-year-old branded Cows. . 222 .... 2-50. .ncsees- +m scans +e eee

ifarem and idle pulls? 25 20 50. 52 22 eeioee oc « necpseteiie cis <0 = oats ct ee
The average harem.............----------2ee ene cece eee ee sence meee sna sisas
Hauling-ground Beas ee er Se Take ie ade sistelerneieigiate lhl aite dalgia siaisie meets

i ae

CONTENTS. 5

Page

The data on rookeries where counting of pups was not done...............---- 111
i Feu NS TES LOIS ee Soot neal Giic wwe oarellcimtnn anaes aoe « 111

2. The average harem on rookeries where pups were not counted.......... 113

3. Percentages of dead pups and percentages of increase. .......-....---- 115
POLO Oi GoAPIA LING HACUOIOIS. © 22. 22a eae Merele gla ales 4 n/2 oo reldin theless ue 117
BY crare ERS Poet oer oss a nial rt os iwie ain 3 wae See Doses 119
BvOnt-atds: WAG QU LOMiRl 8 woo as i acjeee sink wo ss < . oncce apna sag 120

Per ena RIOE YS too. tee cee ed old 2a ha ee ata la Sa = at's = Leen aeee 120
MAT AC ADAES 2 «Satan nce oink uw nche =o apa ae fe oo 0 aw sila airalate merges 120
MEE al CAMISUCS oe cay 6 En nie yalaciola te, a0 nigh> << sietetiaereeein violas = «122s date aoe eahe eee 120
PieserceE AUTRE LORS io 1) i ae Lik ray Sigh clover ute MEI Rinte Siete o.a!s:< dia = acghesbretdcamralets 120

Sosa MPERECMRESERD LSS ate A Sire ae Stee Oe 52 wala male ee RiGee & wien bcid.s'ace serene 121

Soumplote census of fur-seal herd, VOL7 3c. fs. .o abe gs aoe sn mec eceesnnente 122

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ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

By Warp T. Bower, Agent Aiaska Service, and Henry D. Auer, Assistant,
Alaska Service.

INTRODUCTION.

Broadly considered, the work of the Bureau of Fisheries in Alaska
has been devoted to the enforcement of the laws and regulations for
the protection of the fisheries and fur-bearing animals; the adminis-
tration of the Pribilof Islands Reservation, and matters incidental
thereto; the collection of statistics and the dissemination of infor-
mation regarding the fisheries; the making of certain scientific in-
vestigations, chiefly in regard to the life history of the salmon and in
connection with the fur-seal herd; and the conduct of fish-cultural
operations.

In respect to the fisheries proper it may be said that much time
has been given to the enforcement of the laws and regulations.
Various prosecutions have been instituted when necessary from time
to time. In the season of 1917 the Bureau was enabled to extend its
patrol in southeastern Alaska by reason of having acquired two addi-
tional boats, the Auklet and the Murre. These boats were completed
early in the year, having been designed especially for the Alaska
fisheries service. Regular inspection of fishery operations was con-
tinued along the usual lines, and a census of the salmon ascending
Wood River (Lake Aleknagik) was again made. Private hatcheries
were inspected. Considerable work was also done in removing
natural barriers in streams, thus opening them up to spawning salmon.

Hearings were held in regard to limiting or prohibiting salmon
fishing in the waters of the Karluk, Bering, and Copper Rivers. Asa
result, formal orders were issued by the Department restricting fishery
operations in these waters. Detailed statistics embracing practically
all features of importance pertaining to the varied fishery industries
of the Territory were assembled.

Important work undertaken in 1917 was the introduction in Alaska
of the Scotch method of curing herring. For this work the Bureau
sent to the Territory a fishery expert and a number of special assist-
ants who gave practical demonstrations of the method to various
interested persons.

In connection with the Pribilof Islands, attention was given to the
support of the natives, the taking and preserving of fur-seal and fox
skins and the repair and construction of dwellings occupied by the
natives and of other buildings used for the general work of the
Bureau. Collections of bones were made from the deposits on the
killing fields of the Pribilof Islands. The steamer Roosevelt was
used for the transportation of freight and passengers to and from

7

8 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917,

the Pribilofs in 1917. Two round trips, the second extending into
January, 1918, were made from Seattle.

The period provided by law, in which the killing of fur seals at the
Pribilot Islands was virtually limited to the food requirements of the
native inhabitants, expired August 24, 1917, after which date the
Department was free to resume the taking of skins for commercial
purposes. The securing of skins to any considerable extent in the
fall of the year, however, is necessarily restricted by reason of the
so-called stagy season extending for a period of several weeks after
August 24, unfavorable weather conditions, and the departure of the
seals on the annual migration southward. An important feature of
the work on the Pribilof Islands was the taking of a census of the
fur-seal herd. During the year three sales of fur-seal skins and one
of fox skins, products of the Pribilofs, were held at St. Louis, Mo.

The enforcement of the general law for the protection of the mis-
cellaneous fur-bearing animals in Alaska remains as one of the duties
of the Bureau. F cat work was carried on by wardens and other
employees of the Alaska service as far as practicable. Statistics of
shipment of furs from Alaska were collected. A reconsideration of,
the method of cooperation on the part of the Post Office Department
in respect to shipments of furs resulted in a more satisfactory arrang-
ment being put in operation.

The authors of this report are indebted to Assistant Agent E. M.
Ball for valuable aid in tabulating the statistics of the fisheries
and in the preparation of much of the accompanying text.

EMPLOYEES, ALASKA SERVICE.

During the year 1917 the following regular employees have been
identified with the Alaska service of the Bureau:

RequLtaR EMPLOYEES IDENTIFIED WITH THE ALASKA SERVICE IN 1917.

Name. Position. Headquarters or chief place of duty.
Ward'T. Bower: :..42-..0526<: Chistagentst4) 32. secs Fe82o8 Washington, D. C.
Henry) D. Allens. bedccces -5- Assistantex.£ 4. cc 3 used. dee Do.
Biward M; Balle. .2522 022: Assistant agent............. Kodiak, Alaska.
Harry J. Christoffers. ........-)..... GOJSETP LA Alc, Seattle.
Ernest P. Walker..... ---| Inspector --| Wrangell.
James H. I yman... .| Assistant agent.... .-| Cordova

Harry C. Fassett... .| Agent and caretaker ..| St. Paul Island.
0

A, H. ‘Proctor ..... nl [es he re See .-| St. George Island.

G, Dallas Hanna.... .| Storekeeper.........--...--- St. Paul Island.

Walliam ‘TieMiless- 225. .un- a. IPT ysiCiant a. aaeesaassad: eis St. Paul and St. George Islands,

Henry P/tAdamss.. co. 282 22.5 .[b GOl2 eee eS. ees nee Island. (Resigned Novy. 21,
RW ilitam BE OeLetion. + one aac laenise C5 vu iene Mes rn ay et pee Island. (Appointed Nov. 22,
George PHaleyctcsseuckcc cms <2 School-teacher...........-.- St. Paul Island.

Core Giles Paley. ce. cscanscec|qc cee Go ee Oe. | ae ee Do.

Arnold C, Reynolds...........|.-.-- GOs 2) oe! pede dae St. George Island.

Calvin F, Townsend.......... Wardertes-0. scteecctr acs sexe Fairbanks.

Frag fH? iGray jes: Ae Gov yiss. IH. BIS Wrangell.

ShinleycA Baker, sc cs us asec ok en Oct santana Dillingham.

Harry H. Browns): 2422. BE alet GOs. UN eee ee eS Nushagak. (Resigned Apr, 20, 1917.)
Christian L. Larson...........}...-- do Chicken.

Henry C.. Scudder... So ieccceclicea- .-| St. Paul Island and Wrangell.

Jesse L. Nevill. ....... EI L2UE do ..| Wrangell. agrees June 17, 1917.)
Charles E, Crompton ae ee do .| St. Paul Island, (Appointed May 3, 1917.)

Edwin Hofstad.....
Albert K. Brown...
Mary 8. Haines... cisco]. ee

- a steamer Osprey......| Wrangell.
William P. Rasin-....222.2...]....-do

er .| Washington, D C.
Do.

meme neem e wn ewwneen

Do.
BH; dilamemenleres..0 2 eeueee le eeee GO! ge Oe ae Seattle.

INTRODUCTION. 9

REGULAR EMPLOYEES AT GOVERNMENT HATCHERIES IN ALASKA IN 1917.

a

Name and location. Position.
Afognak:
Edwin Wentworth. ................- Superintendent.
GAC Romertsan’s: 63 tonsee semi aed Foreman.
VerNatmrofie. 5.20.50. os. Fish-culturist. (Resigned Nov. 15, 1917.)
Westle Sullivans:,.)2..5-..6..2.0. 28 Fish-culturist.
EA MISO Pe fa.6)= aioe Us sisveniele Seas Apprentice fish-culturist.
Nicolai Boskofsky..........-.-....-- Apprentice fish-culturist. (Resigned Nov. 30, 1917.)
PRS CH Oy CS Si ay ere Apprentice fish-culturist.
PESO WaADUS. 2 oon Seen che oeele ee Cook.
Yes Bay:
HARES HES. GAL h act c/a 2 Socts aoe oa Superintendent.
Ces VantAttases) sie 4s sek Ae Foreman.
Kennethye: Hotton e:Jo5.56.- bac Fish culturist.
SER TICINO Veet = ccs kceeec se ceeeeee Do.
Clarence: BsRivers-. ss. ces. Sens - o Apprentice fish-culturist.
MEIN EDLY SHAG oie ccicie calcio ntnrcitie otal alee Do.
RP EREEMORCONS (02 a) fecucces cee sta oes Apprentice fish-culturist. (Resigned Dec. 31, 1917.)

Mme EIOMNO Ys os fos ccen ce sence ceagan Cook.

FISHERY INDUSTRIES.

As in similar reports for previous years, the Territory of Alaska is
here considered in the four bs eographic sections generally
recognized as_ follows: Southeast Rtnakis embracing all that
narrow strip of mainland and the numerous adjacent islands from
Portland Canal northwestward to and including Yakutat Bay;
central Alaska, the region on the Pacific from Yakutat Bay westward,
including Prince William Sound, Cook Inlet, and Chignik; western
Alaska, the shores of Bering Sea, tributary waters, and the islands
in Bering Sea; and arctic Alaska, all that portion of Alaska facing on
or tributary to the Arctic Ocean.

Detailed reports and statistical tables dealing with the various
fishery industries are presented herewith, and there are also given
the important features of certain subjects which were the object of
special investigation or inquiry.

WATERS CLOSED TO COMMERCIAL FISHING.

Section 6 of the act approved June 26, 1906, for the protection and
regulation of the fisheries of Alaska, is as follows:

That the Secretary of Commerce may, in his discretion, set aside any streams or
lakes as preserves for spawning grounds, in which fishing may be limited or entirely
prohibited; and when, in his judgment, the results of fishing operations in any stream,
or off fhe mouth thereof, indicate that the number of salmon taken is larger than the
natural production of salmon in such stream, he is authorized to establish close seasons
or to limit or prohibit fishing entirely for one year or more within such stream or
within five hundred yards of the mouth thereof, so as to permit salmon to increase:
Provided, however, That such power shall be exercised only after all persons interested
shall be given a hearing, of which due notice must be given by publication; and
where the interested parties are known to the Department they shall be personally
notified by a notice mailed not less than thirty days previous to such hearing. No
order made under this section shall be effective before the next calendar year after
same is made: And provided further, That such limitations and prohibitions shall not
apply to those engaged in catching salmon who keep such streams fully stocked with
salmon by artificial propagation.

Pursuant to the provisions of this section action was taken in 1917
in respect to the waters of Karluk, Bering, and Copper Rivers.

Under date of July 31, 1917, announcement was made of a hearing
to be held in respect to the Karluk River. The text of the announce-
ment was as follows:

Whereas it has been recommended that the Secretary of Commerce limit or pro-
hibit all fishing in Karluk River and Lagoon, and tributary waters, Alaska, notice is
hereby given under the provisions of section 6 of the act of Congress approved June
26, 1906, entitled ‘‘ An act for the protection and regulation of the fisheries of Alaska,”’
that a hearing to determine the advisability of limiting or prohibiting fishing opera-
tions in the above named waters will be held in room 328, customhouse, San Fran-
cisco, Cal., on November 15, 1917, at 10 o’clock a. m., at which time and place all
persons interested will be heard.

Following the hearing on November 15, 1917, the Department

under date of November 30, 1917, promulgated the following order:

A hearing having been given at San Francisco, Cal., November 15, 1917, after due

notice in accordance with law, for the purpose of determining the advisability of
10

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 11

éstablishing a salmon-breeding reserve of certain waters in Alaska, and all persons
having had full opportunity to be heard, it is hereby ordered, by virtue of the au-
thority vested in me by section 6 of ‘‘ An act for the protection and regulation of the
fisheries of Alaska,’’ approved June 26, 1906, that until further notice all fishing for
salmon, or other fishing in the prosecution of which salmon are taken or injured,
excepting only the native Indians taking limited numbers of salmon for their own
consumption and not for sale or barter, be and is hereby prohibited in waters of Alaska,
as follows: In Karluk River and Lagoon and all tributary waters.
This order becomes effective January 1, 1918.

Under date of September 24, 1917, announcement was made of a
hearing to be held in respect to Bering River. The text of the an-
nouncement was as follows:

Whereas it has been recommended that the Secretary of Commerce limit or pro-
hibit commercial fishing for salmon, or other commercial fishing in the prosecution
of which salmon are taken or injured, in Bering River and all tributary waters, in-
cluding Bering Lake, above a line extending at right angles across Bering River from
a point approximately 800 feet northwesterly from the mouth of Gandil River, Alaska,
notice is hereby given under the provisions of section 6 of the act of Congress approved
June 26, 1906, entitled ‘‘An act for the protection and regulation of the fisheries of
Alaska,’’ that a hearing to determine the advisability of limitingor prohibiting fishing
operations in the above-named waters will be held at the office of the Bureau of Fish-
eries, 1217 L. C. Smith Building, Seattle, Wash., on November 20, 1917, at 10 o’clock
a. m., at which time and place all persons interested will be heard.

Following the hearing on November 20, 1917, the Departn:ent
under date of November 30, 1917, promulgated the following order.

A hearing having been given at Seattle, Wash., November 20, 1917, after due notice
in accordance with law, for the purpose of determining the advisability of establishing
a salmon-breeding reserve of certain waters in Alaska, and all persons having had full
opportunity to be heard, it is hereby ordered, by virtue of the authority vested in me
by section 6 of ‘‘An act for the protection and regulation of the fisheries of Alaska,’
approved June 26, 1906, that until further notice all fishing for salmon, or other fishing
in the prosecution of which salmon are taken or injured, be and is hereby prohibited
in waters of Alaska, as follows: Bering River and all tributary waters, including
Bering Lake, above a line extending at right angles across Bering River from a point
approximately 800 feet northwesterly from the mouth of Gandil River, Alaska.

This order becomes effective January 1, 1918.

Under date of November 1, 1917, announcement was made of a
hearing to be held in respect to the Copper River. The announce-
ment was as follows:

Whereas it has been recommended that the Secretary of Commerce limit commer-
cial fishing for salmon, or other commercial fishing in the prosecution of which salmon
are taken or injured, in Copper River and its delta, and in all tributary waters, in
Alaska, notice is hereby given under the provisions of section 6 of the act of Congress
approved June 26, 1906, entitled ‘‘An act for the protection and regulation of the
fisheries of Alaska,’’ that a hearing to determine the advisability of limiting fishing
operations in the above-named waters will be held at the office of the Bureau of Fish-
eries, 1217 L. C. Smith Building, Seattle, Wash., on December 14, 1917, at 10 o’clock
a. m., at which time and place all persons interested will be heard.

Following the hearing on December 14, 1917, the Department
under date of December 29, 1917, promulgated the following order:

A hearing having been given at Seattle, Wash., December 14, 1917, after due notice
in accordance with law, for the purpose of determining the advisability of establish-
ing a salmon-breeding reserve of certain waters in Alaska, and all persons having had
full opportunity to be heard, it is hereby ordered, by virtue of the authority vested
in me by section 6 of ‘‘An act for the protection and regulation of the fisheries of
Alaska,’’ approved June 26, 1906, that until further notice all fishing for salmon or
other fishing in the prosecution of which salmon are taken or injured, in the Copper
River and its delta and all tributary waters, Alaska, be and is hereby made subject
to the following limitations and prohibitions in addition to the general restrictions
already applicable by virtue of existing laws and regulations:

12 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

1. Commercial fishing is prohibited in all waters of the Copper River delta from
6 a.m. on January | to 6 a. m. on June 1 of each year, and in the waters of Miles Lake
and Abercrombie Canyon from 6 a. m. on January 1 to 6 a. m. on June 5 of each year.

2. A weekly close season from 6 p. m. Saturday to 6 a. m. of the Monday following
shall be observed in all of the waters herein referred to in which fishing is permitted.

3. Commercial fishing in the waters of the delta shall be limited to set nets, stake
nets, and drift gill nets: Provided, however, That the four existing traps east of Cape
Whitshed may be continued in operation, but without change of location or increase
insize. Nostake net, set net, or drift gill net shall exceed 1,000 feetin length. Only
one stake net or set net shall be extended out from shore from one location, and no
offshore stake nets or set nets will be permitted; the lateral distance interval between
all such nets in the waters of the delta shall be not less than 1,800 feet.

4. All fishing is prohibited from the head of the delta to the foot of Miles Lake at
all times.

5. All fishing in Miles Lake shall be limited to stake nets and set nets. No such
net shall exceed 600 feet in length, and only one such net shall be extended out from
shore from one location; no offshore nets will be permitted in the lake. The lateral
distance interval between all nets in Miles Lake shall be not less than 600 feet.

6. Fishing in Abercrombie Canyon shall be restricted to the use of dip nets operated
by hand, such nets not to exceed 16 inches in greatest diameter and only one dip
net shall be operated by a person. On the east side of the canyon there shall be
distance intervals of at least 300 feet between fishermen operating dip nets. No
fishing will be permitted in the so-called Bear Holes, near the upper end of Aber-
crombie Canyon.

7. No fishing will be permitted at any time in the waters of the Copper River above
Abercrombie Canyon, or in any of the waters tributary thereto, except in the
case of local residents who may take limited numbers of salmon for domestic use:
Tae, That such fishing shall at no time be upon the spawning grounds of any
salmon.

8. Noset net or stake net shall be operated in any other than substantially a straight
ine.

9. For the purposes herein considered, the delta of the Copper River will be re-
garded as including all waters south of an east-and-west line passing through Mile 27
on the Copper River & Northwestern Railway, as at present established, and inside
of a line from Point Martin to Cape Whitshed drawn so as to include the waters of the
Martin Islands, the Egg Islands, and all tidal flats and islands between.

10. The lower end of Miles Lake shall be considered as at the bridge of the Copper
River & Northwestern Railway at Mile 49. The upper end of Miles Lake shall be
considered as at a point near Mile 524 on the Copper River & Northwestern Railway
where the river loses its identity in the lake, this point to be as indicated by notices
posted by duly authorized representatives of the Bureau of Fisheries.

11. Abercrombie Canyon shall be considered as extending from the upper end of
_ Lake to Tunnel Point, near Mile 534 on the Copper River & Northwestern
Railway.

12. For the purposes of this order the following definitions are adopted to apply
to the words in question where the same are used: ‘‘Stake net,’’ a gill net attached
or affixed to piles or stakes. ‘‘Set net,’’ an anchored gill net.

This order becomes effective January 1, 1918.

Previous orders by the Secretary of Commerce place special limi-
tations and inhibitions upon operations in the following waters:
In western Alaska—Wood and Nushagak Rivers; in central Alaska—
all streams flowing into Cook Inlet, Eyak Lake, and a limitation on
fishing in Eyak River; in southeast Alaska—Anan Creek, Naha
Stream, all waters tributary to Barnes Lake, Prince of Wales Island,
Hetta Creek and its tributary waters and the region within 500 yards
of the mouth of said creek; and Sockeye Creek, its tributary Boca de
Quadra waters, and the region within 500 yards of the mouth of
said creek. By authority of Executive order and proclamation,
limitations have been placed upon fishing in the following additional
waters: Afognak Reservation, Aleutian Islands Reservation, Yes
Bay and Stream, and the Annette Island Fishery Reserve.

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 13
STREAM IMPROVEMENT.

Consideration has been given during the year to plans for improving
and opening up a number of salmon streams in southeastern Alaska
inaccessible to salmon because of falls or other natural barriers.
This matter has been under the general supervision of Inspector
Walker, of the Alaska service. He has reported that the obstructions
may be grouped into four general classes: (1) Falls caused by rock
ledges or strata that have not been worn away; (2) log jams result-
ing either from natural causes or from artificial obstructions; (3) rock
jams consisting of loose rocks or bowlders in such position as to be
barriers in themselves or to cause the currents to be so broken that
fish can not pass through them; and (4) dams constructed for power
purposes, and occasionally dams built by beavers.

Some of the log jams change from time to time, increasing generally
in size andimpenetrability. They areof two general classes—(a) those
where the water flows over the top of the jam and (6b) where it
trickles through spaces between the logs.

Such barriers as log jams or falls ordinarily absolutely prevent the

assage of fish, but in some cases at certain stages of the water a
few salmon may be able to pass. Some of the obstructions are not
particularly formidable, while others are extensive and will necessi-
tate a great deal of work to open the way for the passage of salm-
on. Not infrequently small barriers prevent absolutely the ascent
of salmon to excellent spawning grounds of considerable extent.
The practical results of thus increasing the natural spawning areas
are obvious.

In June and July, 1916, improvements were made on Skog Creek
on Kupreanof Island, opposite Scow Bay, and at a salmon stream at
Pavlof Harbor, near the entrance of Freshwater Bay, on Chichagof
Island. Both of these streams were so improved that salmon may
now readily ascend the falls. The success of this work clearly shows
the need of extensions to other streams as fast as time and funds
permit.

ALASKA FISHERY INTELLIGENCE SERVICE.

A senate joint memorial passed by the legislature of Alaska in
April, 1917, requested that the Bureau of Fisheries in conjunction
with the Washington—Alaska Military Cable and Telegraph System
arrange that the prices of fresh fish at Seattle and Ketchikan be
bulletined every day at the cable office of every town on the Alaska
coast where fishing vessels call for the purpose of shipping fish south-
ward and that once a week the prices of salt fish of the varieties
caught in Alaska waters be bulletined at the cable offices of the
coast.

The War Department, which operates the Washington—Alaska
Military Cable and Telegraph System, expressed its willingness to
receive, transmit, and post bulletins furnished by the Bureau of
Fisheries, and early in July the service was initiated. At first the
work was limited to information regarding Seattle prices, but was
soon extended to include prices at Ketchikan. The intelligence
service as finally fixed upon included: (1) Forwarding each day,
Sundays and holidays excluded, to Juneau, Petersburg, Ketchikan,
Wrangell, Sitka, Valdez, Seward, Cordova, and Skagway the Seattle

14 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917,

prices at noon for fresh halibut, sablefish, and red rockfish; (2)
inclusion with the Seattle quotations on Monday of each week the
ive: of pickled sablefish, salmon, and herring; and (3) patna =
rom Ketchikan local information, corresponding to that furnishe
from Seattle, to the other Alaska towns supplied with the Seattle
quotations.

The purpose of this service is to keep the fishermen in touch with
market conditions that they may dispose of their catches more
rofitably and thereby be induced to increase the production of fish.
he service has met with general favor.

PATROL BOATS.

With the development of the fishery resources of Alaska from
year to year, new loesbikine are fished and new canneries and other
fishery establishments are built. With each extension of activities,
the territory that must be patrolled by the field agents of the Bureau
is increased, but the facilities for covering the various districts remain
extremely inadequate. Until 1917, the Osprey (23 tons) was the
only Government boat engaged in a patrol of the fisheries of Alaska,
being assigned to the southeastern ache: In October, 1916, this
vessel was brought to Seattle for repairs and did not return to Alaskan
waters until January, 1918. |

In December, 1916, a contract was made for the construction of
two patrol boats, each to be 48 feet in length, 124 feet in breadth,
and equipped with a 25-30 horsepower heavy-duty Standard engine.
These boats, the Murre and Ailes were completed and put in com-
mission in July, 1917, and immediately proceeded to Alaska, where
they were engaged in patrol work during the remainder of the season.
They are of plain and substantial construction similar to the sea-
worthy type of purse-seine boat familiar to the Pacific coast.

The schooner Nimrod (8 tons) was chartered for work along the
central coast of Alaska from Cook Inlet to False Pass during the
summer months. The launches Angelus and Buzzard were chartered
at different times for use in patrol work on Prince William Sound.
A small launch was hired also for brief service in the Nushagak region.

The representatives of the Alaska service in central and western
Alaska are not able to cover the districts to which they are assigned
without some assistance from the canning companies. As usual,
several of the companies furnished free transportation to the agents
in those districts. Were it not for these gratuities, much of the terri-
tory could not be visited, as suitable boats can not be chartered.
Gratuitous service of this character is wrong in principle, but until
Congress provides additional funds for more vessels, there appears to
be no alternative in the case of those employees of the Bureau who
are called to certain remote and inaccessible regions.

VIOLATIONS OF LAWS AND REGULATIONS.

Prosecutions for violations of the fishery laws and regulations were
made for disregard of the weekly close season, for the operation of
gear within the prohibited distance of other gear, and for failure to

rovide pound nets with distinctive signs whereby ownership could
be determined.

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 15

A complaint was made before the United States commissioner at
Ketchikan on August 18, 1917, against J. S. Hume, superintendent
of the Nakat Inlet cannery of the G. W. Hume Co., charging the
operation of a trap on the north shore of Kanagunut Island on
August 6 and 7 without a sign bearing the name, number, or other
distinctive mark, contrary to the general regulations promulgated
under the authority of section 11 of the act of June 26, 1906. The
case was called for trial on August 24, at which time a plea of guilty
was entered, whereupon a fine of $25 and costs was imposed.

On August 24, a complaint was made before the United States
commissioner at Wrangell against Frank Adams, who was charged
with unlawful fishing on Sunday, August 12, and with the setting of
nets in the Stikine River for a distance greater than one-third the
width of the channel. A plea of guilty being entered, the defendant
was discharged upon payment of the costs of the case.

In October, 1917, the grand jury at Juneau indicted the Alaska
Pacific Fisheries for four violations of the fishery law during the
season of 1917. Two of these indictments alleged that the company
operated two traps on Lynn Canal, one each at Sand Spit and Seduc-
tion Point, without proper signs to indicate their ownership; another
charged a nonobservance of the weekly close period in respect to a
trap operated at Idaho Inlet on August 11. The remaining indict-
ment was based upon the allegation that the company on or about
August 15 installed a floating trap within less than 600 yards later-
ally of a trap then in operation by the Thlinket Packing Co., near
Village Point on the north shore of Icy Strait. When these cases
were called for trial at Juneau on December 15, pleas of guilty were
entered in respect to the operation of traps on Lynn Canal and Idaho
Inlet as alleged, and fines of $300 and costs and $500 and costs were
paid, respectively. The case involving an encroachment on the
distance interval between traps was called but was continued until a
term of the court to be held in the spring of 1918.

The Northwestern Fisheries Co. was also indicted by the grand
jury at Juneau in October for a violation of the weekly close season
on Sunday, August 26, 1917. A pound net in Tolstoi Bay on the
east coast of Prince of Wales Island was found to be improperly
closed. The case was called for trial at Ketchikan on November
15, when the company pleaded guilty. A fine of $500 was paid.

On Sunday, August 12, 1917, the heart walls of nine traps operated
by the Deep Sea S siaen Co. in Port Althorp were found not to be
adjusted in accordance with law. This matter was taken before the
United States commissioner at Juneau on October 5, formal charge
being made against Jens Kvalvik, trap foreman, who entered a
plea of guilty, whereupon a fine of $250 was imposed.

The Alaska Packers Association was convicted of the wanton
waste of salmon on Cook Inlet in 1914 at a term of the district court
held at Valdez in September, 1916. The case was carried to the
circuit court of appeals at San Francisco which, in an opinion delivered
in the summer of 1917, upheld the lower court.

The case against the Canoe Pass Packing Co. charging the wanton
waste of salmon on July 22 and 23, 1916, at Windy Bay, Prince
William Sound, came to trial at.Cordoyva in April, 1917, and resulted
in an acquittal of the company.

16 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

On April 9, 1917, the Carlisle Packing Co. was arraigned in the
district court at Cordova for three violations of the fishery laws in
July, 1916. The company pleaded guilty and a fine was imposed
for each offense.

A complaint was filed in the United States commissioner’s court
at Cordova on September 15, charging Frank Lee with unlawful
fishing in Eyak River. The defendant pleaded guilty and paid a
fine of $5.

On September 11, 1917, Joe Enos was brought before the United
States commissioner at Fairbanks and charged with unlawful fishing
in Clear Creek. He entered a plea of guilty and paid a fine of $25
and the costs of the prosecution, which aieomanadl to an additional

$10.15.
TERRITORIAL LEGISLATIVE NOTES.

The Legislature of the Territory of Alaska, at its third regular
biennial session at Juneau in 1917, amended sections 1 and 2 of the
Territorial revenue act of April 29, 1915, chapter 76, Laws of Alaska,
1915. The changes, in so far as they affect the fishery industry,
provide for increased tax rate on all canned salmon, kings, reds, or
sockeyes being taxed 43 cents per case, medium reds 23 cents per
case, and all others 2 cents per case. This is an increase of one-half
cent per case on kings, reds, and medium reds, and 1 cent per case
on pis and chums. The tax on salted or mild-cured fish remains
unchanged at 24 cents per 100 pounds as does also the tax of $100
per annum on all fish traps. The tax of $1 per 100 fathoms on gill
nets was repealed. Cold-storage plants are taxed according to the
amount of annual business, which was determined formerly on the
basis of the purchase price of product, but now upon the gross amount
received for the product and for storage of produce for others. Fish
oil is taxed at the rate of $2 per barrel i manufactured wholly
or in part from herring; fertilizer and fish meal made wholly or in
part from herring are taxed at the rate of $2 per ton. The act,
approved May 3, 1917, as it applies to fisheries is as follows:

Section 1. That Sections 1 and 2 of Chapter 76, Laws of Alaska, 1915, approved
April 29, 1915, be and the same are hereby amended to read as follows:

‘“Section 1. That any person, firm or corporation prosecuting or attempting to
prosecute any of the following lines of business in the Territory of Alaska shall apply
for and obtain a license and pay for said license for the respective lines of business as
follows:

* * x * % * *

‘‘Sixth. Fisheries: Salmon canneries, four and a half cents per case on King and
Reds or Sockeye; Two and a half cents per case on Medium Reds; two cents per case
on all others.

“‘Seventh. Salteries: Two and one-half cents per one hundred pounds on all fish
salted or mild cured, except herring.

‘Eighth. Fish Traps: Fixed or floating, one hundred dollars per annum, so-called
dummy traps included.

‘‘Ninth. Cold-Storage Plants: Doing a business of one hundred thousand dollars per
annum or more, five hundred dollars per annum; doing a business of seventy-five
thousand dollars per annum and less than one hundred thousand dollars, three hun-
dred and seventy-five dollars per annum; doing a business of fifty thousand and less
than seventy-five thousand dollars per annum, two hundred and fifty dollars per
annum; doing a business of twenty-five thousand and less than fifty thousand dollars
per annum, one hundred and twenty-five dollars per annum; doing a business of ten
thousand dollars and less than Pibae is fs thousand dollars per annum, fifty dollars
per annum; doing a business of four thousand, and less than ten thousand dollars per
annum; twenty-five dollars per annum; doing a business of under four thousand

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 17

dollars per annum, ten dollars per annum. The ‘annual business’ under this section
shall be considered the gross amount received for the product and for storage of produce
for others.

‘“Tenth. Fish-Oil Works: Using Herring in whole or in part in the manufacture of
fish oil; two dollars per barrel.

‘‘Fertilizer and fish-meal plants: Manufacturing Fertilizer and Fish Meal in whole
or in part from herring; two dollars per ton.”

The legislature also appropriated $80,000 for use in the construc-
tion and operation of fish hatcheries, and for the protection and care
of the natural spawning grounds in the Territory, and also provided
that the governor of pee shall appoint a board of three fish com-
missioners, of which he shall be a member ex officio, whose duty it
shall be to direct the work of propagating fish and caring for their
spawning grounds, with authority to appoint a general hasten
superintendent who shall select the locations of hatcheries and pro-
vide a working force for each establishment. The general hatcheries
superintendent is also directed to supervise spawning operations, and
where it is possible to collect more eggs than the hatcheries will
accommodate, to take and plant this excess quantity in the beds of
rivers and creeks.

In respect to the increased license tax referred to above, the Terri-
torial treasurer of Alaska wrote the Commissioner of Fisheries on
April 10, 1918, as follows:

The purpose of the Territorial Legislature in increasing the tax rate on the several
classes or varieties of canned salmon was, by agreement with the fisheries interests,
to provide for a ‘‘fish-hatcheries fund;’’ the moneys from such fund to be available
for ‘‘ building and operating fish hatcheries and for the protection and care of natural
spawning grounds in the Territory of Alaska.’’ Figuring that the increase would net
an additional $40,000 per annum, both branches of the 1917 legislative assembly
passed a measure which provided for the setting aside of a fund in amount of $80,000,
same to be available for expenditure for the purposes mentioned during the biennium
ending March 31, 1919. However, although passed by both houses, the bill was mis-
placed and was not transmitted to the governor for approval until several days after
adjournment; the legality, therefore, of the measure is questioned, and to date the
fund provided for has not been set aside nor have any disbursements been made in
this connection.

TERRITORIAL LICENSE TAX.

Information has been received from the Territorial treasurer of
Alaska in respect to tax collections made for the fiscal year ending
December 31, 1917, under the several fisheries schedules of the
Territorial tax law. The following is a statement of receipts as of
April 9, 1918:

FIisHERY LICENSE TAXES COLLECTED BY TERRITORY FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED
Dec. 31, 1917.

Division | Division | Division
AE tag Nol eNO. eh ONos pPoares
Canneries See Pen anda dev cbcahclsttcescscepceceondagees $72, 657. 86 $91.58 |$111, 064.45 | $183, 813. 89
Saltericc eee ener! BAO 83238 OL 1,011. 36 16. 60 316. 3, 344. 93
Blah teeigisss Sees oo sinc. sce Ue gcscacceccacacs. 33, 906. 00 100.00 | 15, 200.00 ” 206.
WOld-StOTAPe plANUS aa ome b oc ce ce cciiscsbecewcceeces Te QObSOOs eins skeet oe 250. 00 1, 475.00
Total ashe eset cele eee dab et eee se scececl 108, 800. 22 208.18 | 128,831.42 | 237, 839. 82

99805°—19——15

18 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

The Territorial treasurer advises that the above collections closely
approximate the amount of taxes due for the fiscal year 1917. Under
the provisions of the Territorial tax law of 1915 the total collections
reported for the two years 1915 and 1916 amounted to only $62,145.69.
Thus the Territorial tax collected in 1917 is nearly four times the
sum similarly collected for the two preceding years.

WOOD RIVER CENSUS.

A count was made in 1917 of the salmon ascending Wood River to
spawn. With the exception of 1914, similar counts have been made
in previous years beginning with 1908. The rack across the outlet
of Lake Aleknagik, the lowermost of the Wood River series of lakes,
was put in order in June. The counting of salmon began June 26
and was continued daily until August 1. The census was taken by
Kenneth P. Hutton, fish-culturist at the Yes Bay station, tempo-
rarily detailed for this duty.

In this connection it may be stated that in the Bristol Bay region
the salmon were several days later in arriving than in 1916, which
circumstance caused the packers some concern over the probability
of alight run. There was no obvious reason for the delay in the run.
Although the previous winter had been exceptional in many respects,
sudden freezes and high winds being followed by equally sudden
thaws and heavy snows, it broke about the usual time and on June
1 Lake Aleknagik and Wood River were free from ice. And with
the extreme high water in the rivers, resulting from the spring thaw,
conditions were such as to presage an early appearance of the salmon.

The first large count at the Wood River rack was made July 6,
when 79,707 salmon entered the lake. The largest count of the
season occurred on July 11, at which time 180,683 salmon passed
through the rack. The heavy run continued nine days, from July
6 to 14, the count on the last day of this period being 104,000. On
the following day, July 15, only 7,706 were counted. From July 18
to 21 the run increased slightly, 72,258 being counted July 19, but
thereafter it declined rapidly, and counting was discontinued August
1, which was 11 days earlier than in 1916. From July 11 to 14 a
total of 529,538 salmon were counted as passing into Lake Alek-
nagik; this is almost equal to the number admitted during the entire
season of 1916. It is probable that in proportion to the size of the
run a larger number of salmon escaped the nets of the fishermen in
1917 than in the preceding season, as a result of the storms which in-
terrupted operations during the summer.

The total count in 1917 was 1,081,508. Corresponding figures for
previous years are as follows: In 1916, 551,959; in 1915, 259, 341; in
1913, 753,109; in 1912, 325,264; in 1911, 354,299; in 1910, 670,104;
in 1909, 893,244; and in 1908, 2,600,655. The tally of salmon at
the Aleknagik rack in 1917 is shown in detail in the following table:

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 19

Woop River SALMON CENSUS IN 1917.

Date. Number. Date. Number. Date. Number.

Mirie- 26.422 b) Se DEIN Tualye 09: ust tece ses W5635>}| \Nealye Bosses okt 5, 753
7 pet 3 Sa: UESME 480 102, .Wk meee ZEaT Oily Vii Goe eee ee cae 7,029

Bt ER PRET 2 381 TL vs ee SAE SO 683] DA es easel 4,373

Die scenes zit 10 12%. ice satay ae 139, 431 | Deas Sees ey 3 2, 104
Malt Copy aes ect eete 1B. os ocos see pen a2e | Dp aA, eens 2,077

Flas bast ooo. 32. | 9 ge LL eee 104, 000 pre Sicko Sie aaT 1,041
1 a i 197 1S a Cre 7, 706 | ae DR ON 1, 933

Oe LS a eh eee 370 16h! oe ee 16, 133 | TOs SURES OUR ¢ 484

BR se fy Ne 043 439 Leto ose | 5, 065 0 cacetheshk aie 654
pene esvte |. , 368 1S tree sae | 20, 423 | 31s... eeu 367
Gunes FEL 79, 707 1 Lae 5 ae PDRD58s|(Ae Adele. CUCe we Sl ee 111
(hae BCE 59, 735 | 7 Dae it Aaa | 32, 963 | Ses

geao ofa 2 54, 497 piegues | 14, 257 | Total.cocee.. 1, 081, 508

It was reported that out of this number there were not more than
100 humpback and 30 king salmon, the run being almost entirely red
salmon. It was also estimated that 20 per cent of the salmon enter-
ing the lake showed gill-net marks and injuries from other causes.
This is a much higher percentage of marked salmon than was noted
in 1916.

Recognition of the cooperation of the Alaska Packers Association
and of the Alaska-Portland Packers’ Association in the construction
of rack and count of salmon is here given.

ALEUTIAN ISLANDS RESERVATION.

The establishment of the Aleutian Islands Reservation and the de-

tails of its administration have been explained in corresponding re-

orts on the Alaska fisheries and fur industries for previous years.
Ne change was made in any particular in the year 1917.

The Department nas continued to encourage the development of
the fisheries of the reservation and has acted favorably on every ap-
plication for a permit to carry on fishery operations there unless it
appeared quite clearly that the proposed undertaking would not sub-
serve the public interests. It is the policy of the Department that
as far as practicable natives of the reservation shall have employment
in connection with all fishery operations.

In the year 1917 the Department issued 13 new fishery permits.
These permits covered operations of considerable diversity. One
permit authorized whaling operations, and one the construction of a
salmon cannery. Most of the other permits had reference to the
salting of cod and salmon and to dealing in fresh fish.

AFOGNAK RESERVATION.

Under the terms of the Department’s order af March 21, 1912,
amended February 6, 1913, commercial fishing may be carried on
within the Afognak Reservation by such natives and white men
married to native women as were living on Afognak Island and the
smaller adjacent islands at the time of the promulgation of the order.
To prevent abuses of the privilege thus granted, the Bureau has super-
vised each season all commercial operations and maintained a patrol
of the reserved waters during the time of active fishing. Alfred
Nelson, apprentice fish-culturist at the Afognak hatchery, was de-
tailed to perform this work during the summer of 1917, under the
direction of the agent in charge of the district. He was authorized

°0 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

to issue the permits to those who made application for and were
entitled to them. It had been the custom to issue special regulations
to prevent overfishing, but on account of the great need and demand
for fishery products it seemed advisable this year to waive all special
regulations respecting gear and close seasons heretofore imposed,
except to anki all operations in Afognak Bay, or Litnik Bay, as it
is often called, and Pauls Bay, where the salmon were required for
fish-cultural purposes.

Fifty-six natives availed themselves of the privilege to fish. They
grouped themselves into gangs of from four to six men each, and
early in June repaired to fishing grounds of their own selection.
Fishing gear, consisting chiefly of semes, was furnished in every case
except one by the Kadiak Fisheries Co.

Operations were carried on at six localities each of which, except
Little Afognak, showed a larger production of fish than in 1916.
There is satisfaction in noting that these streams are slowly recover-
ing from the effects of the volcanic eruption in 1912, as evidenced by
the increased production in 1917, which though somewhat under the
average yield for the seasons preceding that disaster, is encouraging
to the extent that from now on each season should show improve-
ment over the preceding one until normal conditions are regained.

Little Afognak. retained first place in the production of red salmon,
although the catch fell off slightly more than one-third, there having
been a decline from 34,898 in 1916 to 22,157 in 1917. Izhut Bay,
which was reported as having produced none in 1916, took second
place with a yield of 17,638 red salmon. Paramanof led in the pro-
duction of humpbacks, 55,924 having been taken as against none in
1916; Danger Bay took second place with 22,581 fish of this species,
and Seal Bay third with 20,342. In the order of their production of
all species of salmon, Paramanof took first place, while Seal, Izhut,
and Danger Bays followed in the order named, leaving Little Afognak
in fifth place as against a leading position in 1916. Taking the reser-
vation as a whole, a comparison of catches for 1916 and 1917 shows
that sockeyes increased from 46,311 to 71,527, and humpbacks from
5,470 to 107,333, while cohos declined from 21,267 to 3,558. No
kings or chums were taken.

It was reported that the run of sockeyes to Afognak Bay was
unusually heavy, exceeding that of any year since the hatchery began
Sepa in consequence of which a large collection of eggs was
made.

The following table shows, by localities and species, the number of
salmon taken commercially from the waters of the Afognak Reser-
vation:

CatcH OF SALMON IN THE AFOGNAK RESERVATION, SEASON OF 1917.

Localities.

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. ot

The natives were paid approximately $4,800 for this catch of fish,
all of which was sold to the Kadiak Fisheries Co., at Kodiak.

The following table indicates the method of capture of each species
and the approximate beginning and ending of the fishing season in
each locality:

APPARATUS AND APPROXIMATE FISHING SEASON, AFOGNAK RESERVATION, 1917.

Seined. Fishing season.
Gilled
Localities. Sek 3 Sock-
ock- ump- eyes.
eyes. Cohos. backs. Began. Ended.
Me rinne ear. teoe Sak ene ans Bo 22 ek AROS | eos. ee 1,315 460 | June....| August.
Baramanots ss. s3o6eteseerini.- oss scene 12, 964 185 55, 924 WiltissGOre eee Do.
(SUZ PS BESS oS pain © 2 Ce yee re ae 6, 990 462 2053425 Sate delas 2 Tuly-22:< Do.
TaiiovAtornals. Ee Ssiet esi) re ies |. 21, 651 1, 496 261 506 | June....| September.
JERS Ea Ss a5 Si ee ee a [AGRI | AE ae er GiSIO eee ceo July. s5 August.
BaHperib ay seis cee anon conus = ae tee oe 184 1, 415 22S OSRs pena see August..| September.
Tovale see mae. coke Sek ma es | 70, 483 3,558 | 107,333 1,044

ANNETTE ISLAND FISHERY RESERVE.

The Annette Island Fishery Reserve was created by a presidential
proclamation dated April 28, 1916, and includes certain waters sur-
rounding Annette Island and a number of smaller adjacent islands
in southeastern Alaska. The reserve was created for the benefit of
the Metlakatlans and other Alaskan natives in residence on these
islands. The use of the reserved waters for fishery purposes must be
in accordance with the general fisheries laws and regulations of the
United States as administered by the Secretary of Commerce. The
interests of the Metlakatlans and other natives on the islands in
question are looked after by the Bureau of Education, Department of
the Interior, in connection with the discharge of its general duties to
the natives of Alaska.

The lease entered into by the Department of the Interior on May
4, 1916, with P. E. Harris for the operation of a cannery on Annette
Island, was rendered inoperative on account of the burning of the
cannery on May 17, 1916. A subsequent lease was accordingly
entered into with the Annette Island Bieta Co., Seattle, Wash.
The new lease provides for the use of a site for a salmon cannery and
for fish-trap rights. The lease runs for five years beginning with 1918.
In 1917 the lessees began the construction of the proposed cannery,
and canning operations are expected to begin in 1918. The lessees
pay an annual permit fee of $100 for each fish trap erected on the
reserve and a royalty of 1 cent per salmon for all salmon taken in the
traps. Beginning with 1918, annual payments aggregating not less
than $6,000 are guaranteed by them. As far as practicable the
natives are to be employed for all fishery operations, exception being
made in certain instances where skilled labor is required.

The lessees had the privilege of operating fish traps in the reserved
waters in 1917. For this privilege a payment of not less than $4,000
was guaranteed by them. According to information furnished by
the Bureau of Education, six traps were operated, resulting in a
take of 472,505 salmon.

99 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

The Bureau of Education expresses the hope that the money
which the natives receive as the result of the leas» will make it possi-
ble for them to purchase the interests of the lessees upon the termi-
nation of the five-year period and then to operate the cannery
themselves under proper supervision.

INJURY TO FISHERIES BY BIRDS.

In 1914 and 1915 E. P. Walker, inspector in the Alaska fisheries
service, made some inquiries into the destruction of herring by pred-
atory birds, particularly gulls and ducks, and reported that an
enormous quantity of herring eggs was destroyed each season by
these birds in the vicinity of Craig and Sitka, where large numbers
of herring spawn. As a result of these observations, the Bureau
gave careful consideration to the formulation of measures designed
to overcome agencies destructive to the herring fishery. In the
meantime a convention was made between the United States and
Great Britain for the protection of migratory birds in the United
States and Canada. This was signed on August 16 and proclaimed
December 8, 1916.

Article I of the treaty designates the migratory birds under three
classifications, (1) migratory game birds, (2) migratory insectivorous
birds, and (3) other migratory nongame birds, which are the auks,
auklets, bitterns, fulmars, gannets, grebes, guillemots, gulls, herons,
jaegers, loons, murres, petrels, puffins, shearwaters, and terns.

Article II prescribes close seasons for these three classes of birds.
Section 3 refers particularly to those of the third category indicated
above. It says:

The close season on other migratory nongame birds shall continue throughout the
year, except that Eskimos and Indians may take at any season auks, auklets, guille-

mots, murres, and puflins, and their eggs, for food and their skins for clothing, but
the birds and eggs so taken shall not be sold or offered for sale.

It thus appears that gulls and terns, which are said to consume
large quantities of herring, can not be killed lawfully at any time.

THE COPPER RIVER FISHERY.

When the fishing season of 1917 opened, it was found that seven
canning companies had made preparations to take salmon from the
Copper River. It was also learned that there would be a large in-
crease in the amount of fishing gear employed, all of which gave

romise of intensive and perhaps exhaustive fishing of those waters.

e activities in this locality in 1916 were sufficient to cause some
apprehension that serious inroads into the continuing supply of
salmon might be made, thus threatening the existence of a valuable
fishery. Special inquiries were therefore made in order to ascertain
the facts and real conditions of the fishery, that out of the knowledge
thus obtained the needs of the salmon fishery of the region might be
learned and measures adopted to bring about its greater protection.
Accordingly James H. Lyman, assistant agent in the Alaska service,
spent much of the summer of 1917 on the apes River examining
spawning grounds and observing the effect of increased operations
upon the escapement of salmon. Dr. Charles H. Gilbert, of Stanford
University, California, also made valuable observations in respect
to the exhaustion of the fishery.

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 28

As a result of these investigations, conditions were brought to light
which, in the judgment of all interested persons, required careful
and serious consideration to insure the permanency of the fishery.
That the Copper River was overfished was admitted by all.

It was shown that approximately 60,000 fathoms of gill nets were
used in the Copper River fishery in 1917, as compared with approxi-
mately 30,000 fathoms in 1916. The greater part of this gear was
operated in the waters of the delta, and the catch of salmon in that
section was correspondingly increased over that of 1916. Consid-
erably more gear was employed in Miles Lake in 1917 than in 1916,
but in proportion to the total number of fathoms used the catch was
much less than in 1916, thus showing conclusively the effect of
extended operations about the delta. The Copper River fisheries
produced 890,000 salmon of all species in 1917, as compared with
869,350 in 1916. Of the catch in 1917, 62 per cent was taken from
the waters of the delta, while the remaining 38 per cent came from
all sections of the river above the delta. Although the catch was
slightly larger than in 1916, the run of salmon in the river was
regarded as being less for the reason that an increase of 100 per cent
in the amount of gear operated would, under ordinary circumstances,
result in a proportionately larger catch.

The Indians of the Copper River Valley, asfor a number of years
past, again protested against the extensive fishing operations on the
river by the canning companies, and complained that the run of
salmon was so light that they could not secure a sufficient supply of
fish for their summer needs, much less those of the winter. The
sincerity of the Indians in thus picturing themselves as extremely
destitute and reduced to the verge of starvation is open to question.
It is not in evidence that they have fared worse than the Indians in
many other localities who may be even less fortunately situated.

The general condition of the Copper River fisheries was not satis-
factory, and the preponderance of evidence weighed against a con-
tinuance of unrestricted fishing in any of its waters. It was regarded
as a problem of unusual importance and one that merited early atten-
tion. After due consideration of all phases of the matter a hearing
was held at Seattle, Wash., December 14, 1917, to consider the advis-
ability of limiting or prohibiting fishing in the waters of the Copper
River. It was attended by representatives of all the canning com-
panies 2 Dibemes in the Copper River district, and a general discus-
sion of the entire subject ensued. Various plans were proposed and
discussed, and much information of value was adduced. As a result
of this hearing, an order was promulgated on December 29, 1917,
restricting in several ways commercial fishing in the Copper River
and the waters of its delta. This order became effective Janiary :
1918. The order appears in full elsewhere in this document.

SALMON HATCHERIES,

EXTENT OF OPERATIONS.

In 1917 fish-cultural operations were carried on at six hatcheries
in Alaska—two operated by the Government and four by private in-
terests. At one of the private hatcheries, namely, Klawak, opera-
tions were continued only to the extent of releasing the young salmon

24 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

from eggs taken in the fall of 1916. Two substations were operated
in conjunction with the Afognak hatchery, one at Seal Bay and the
other at Uganik. The annual capacity of the above-indicated hatch-
eries is approximately 303,000,000 red-salmon eggs, of which the two
Government stations can handle 150,000,000.

In 1916 the total take of red or sockeye salmon eggs in Alaska was
171,542,000. In the corresponding report of Alaska Fisheries and
Fur Industries for 19/6 this number was stated to be 171,566,000,
which was in error because of an incorrect report made by one of the
private hatcheries. The number of red or sockeye salmon liberated
in Alaskan waters in the season of 1916-17 was 155,641,000, as com-
pared with 142,964,140 in the previous season. The take of red-
salmon eggs in 1917 aggregated 115,964,000, or 55,578,000 less than
in 1916. This great decrease is due in part to the closure of the
Karluk hatchery and the failure to take eggs at Klawak, but results
principally from the smaller take of eggs at the Fortmann hatchery,
where only 6,840,000 were taken, as compared with 62,580,000 in
1916. The take of eggs at the Yes Bay and Quadra hatcheries was
slightly smaller than in 1916, while at Hetta it was somewhat larger.
The take at Afognak was approximately three times as large as in
1916. Collections of humpback-salmon eggs were made at Uganik
and Seal Bay, which were transferred to Afognak.

OPERATIONS OF ALASKA HATCHERIES IN 1917.

Red or sock- | Red or sock- | Red or sock-

: . eye salmon eye salmon | eye salmon
Stations. eggs taken in| liberated in | eggs taken in
1916. 1916-17. 1917

58,000,000 | 251,175,000 | 34,950,000
17,044,000 | 21,116,000 | 53/036, 000
69 a

000
62,580,000 | 57,405,000 | 7 6, 840, 000
16,125,000 | 15,003,000} 13,600,000

9 3,247,000} 3,120,000 4, 826, 000

8, 160, 000 7, 822, 000 (h)

171, 542,000 | 155,641,000} 115, 964, 000

@ 2,000,000 eyed eggs were transferred to the Oregon Fish Commission at Bonneville in October, 1916.

b Includes young salmon resulting from eggs received from Uganik, Seal Bay, and Karluk.

¢ 300,000 humpback-salmon eggs were also taken.

41,253,000 humpback-salmon eggs were taken.

¢ 2,560,000 humpback-salmon eggs were also taken.

f 2,400,000 humpback-salmon eggs were also taken,

9 Incorrectly reported previously by the company as 3,271,000, which figures appeared in the Alaska
Fisheries Report for 1916.

h No eggs were taken at Klawak in 1917. :

Note.—Of the collections of red-salmon eggs at Afognak, shipments were made in November, 1917, as
follows: Dominion Fisheries Department, Agassiz, British Columbia, 10,000,000; Bureau of Fisheries sta-
tion, Quinault, Wash., 5,000,000, and Oregon Fish Commission, Bonneville, 3,000,000.

HATCHERY REBATES.

Under the Federal law operators of private hatcheries in Alaska are
entitled to a rebate of 40 cents for every thousand red or king salmon
fry released. This is the equivalent of the license tax imposed by the
Government on 10 cases of canned salmon. It has been recommended
from time to time to Congress that steps be taken to discontinue this
system and that in lieu thet all hatcheries in Alaska be operated
by the Government. Under the law, operators of private hatcheries

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 25

in Alaska are required to make affidavit of the number of salmon fry
released in each fiscal year ended June 30. The following table sets
forth the rebates due for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917:

REBATES CREDITED TO PRIVATE SALMON HaTCHERIES DURING THE FiscaAL YEAR
ENDED JUNE 30, 1917.4

Red-salmon

Owners. Location. fry liberated. Rebate due.
Alaska Packers Association. .................- ie does Naha Stream.......... 57, 405, 000 $22, 962. 00
Noruiwestern hisheries:Co.2 5: 2555-0 sek ct ote: Quadravbaker 222252. 15, 003, 000 , O01.
EEE ty Sa attains sickle aniardinn cle fa aoe kioe eins Hotta Wdken-ocecc ccs 3, 120, 000 1, 248. 00
North Pacific Trading & Packing Co-............... Klawak Lake......... 7, 822, 000 3, 128. 80
DU Ree ae tae sek sacs dane tee cancemedel oncciabs Sh mteeeve Some cect 83, 350, 000 33, 340. 00

a In the case of hatcheries where the seasonal distribution of fry is not completed before July 1, the re-
maining fry are shown in the subsequent fiscal year’s report.

HATCHERY INSPECTION.

Inspections in respect to the operations of private hatcheries in
Alaska were conducted as usual by representatives of the Bureau.
In a general way, operations were conducted along satisfactory
lines. Additional facilities for rearing salmon fry are required at
practically all of the hatcheries in Alaska.

HATCHERY OPERATIONS.
YES BAY.

Between September 1 and October 2, 1916, at which latter date egg
taking ceased at Yes Bay, a total of 58,000,000 red-salmon eggs were
secured. In October of that year 2,000,000 eyed eggs were trans-
ferred to the station of the Oregon Fish Commission at Bonneville.
Hatching was completed at Yes Bay on April 15, 1917. In the
period from December 18, 1916, to August 8, 1917, there were
51,175,000 young salmon released. These plants consisted of
49,600,000 fry and 1,575,000 fingerlings. They were deposited in
Yes River, Hatchery Creek, and Lake McDonald. The losses were:
Eggs, 4,691,000; fry, 129,000; and fingerlings, 5,000; a total loss at
Yes Bay of 4,825,000, or 84 per cent. On account of inadequate
facilities for holding fry to the free-swimming stage, many were lib-
erated in the sac stage. Feeding on salt salmon began in June and
continued until the supply was exhausted.

Ege taking in 1917 began on September 11 and ended September 26,
during which period 34,950,000 red-salmon eggs were taken.

A patrol of Yes Bay was maintained as in seasons past to prevent
commercial fishing in waters frequented by salmon headed for the
hatchery stream.

AFOGNAK.

In 1916 the take of red-salmon eggs at Afognak was 17,044,000.
This collection was augmented by the transfer of 681,000 eyed eggs
from Uganik, 4,600,000 from Seal Bay, and 1,016,000 fom Karluk.
From this total oi 23,341,000 the:: were planted in the period from
October, 1916, to July, 1917 10,956,000 fry and 10,160,000 red-
salmon fingerlings, a total of 21,116,000 young salmon. The loss of
eggs and fry was 2,225,000, or approximately 93 per cent.

26 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

In 1917 the red-salmon spawning season began on July 30 and
ended September 11, in which period 53,036,000 red-salmon eggs
were taken In November, 18,000,000 eyed red-salmon eggs were
shipped from Afognak to Seattle, and thence distributed as follows:
Dominion Fisheries Department, Agassiz, British Columbia, 10,000,-
000; Bureau of Fisheries station, Quinault, Wash., 5,000,000; and
Oregon Fish Commission, Bonneville, 3,000,000.

In the period from September 1 to 8, 1917, there was a take of
300,000 humpback eggs at Afognak. This take was augmented b
the humpback eggs transferred from the Seal Bay and the Ugani
substations.

UGANIK.

At Uganik a substation of the Afognak hatchery was operated.
In 1917 no red-salmon eggs were collected, but 1,253,000 humpback
eggs were taken in the period from August 14 to September 16. The
resulting eyed eggs were transferred to Afognak.

SEAL BAY.

Field station operations at Seal Bay were auxiliary to hatchery
work at Afognak. In 1917 the taking of red-salmon eggs at Seal
Bay began August 8 and ended August 29, a total of 2,712,000 being
secured. These eggs were held until eyed and then planted September
14 and 17 in Little Seal Bay Creek.

Humpback eggs to the number of 2,560,000 were obtained between
August 24 and September 14, 1917. On October 17 a plant of hump-
back eggs was made in the lake and stream at Seal Bay. The
remaining humpback eggs resulting from the collection at this place
were transferred to Afognak.

FORTMANN.

The Fortmann hatchery is operated on Heckman Lake, near
Loring, Alaska, by the Alaska Packers Association. It is the largest
hatchery in Alaska, having a capacity of approximately 110,000,000
red-salmon eggs. Operations in 1917 were the most unsatisfactory
since the beginning of activities in 1901, only 6,840,000 red-salmon
eggs being secured. It is reported that this small take was due in
great measure to the excessive rainfall of more than 100 inches
between July 1 and November 30, which made it almost impossible
to obtain spawning fish. Egg-taking operations in 1917 extended
from September 3 to October 20.

From the 62,580,000 red-salmon eggs taken in the period from
August 22 to November 10, 1916, there were planted 57,405,000 fry.
The loss was 5,175,000, or 8.27 per cent.

In 1917, from September 3 to October 9, a take of 2,400,000 hump-
back-salmon eggs was made for experimental purposes.

QUADRA.

This hatchery is located near Quadra, in southeastern Alaska, and
is owned and operated by the Northwestern Fisheries Co. Its
capacity is about 21,000,000 red-salmon eggs. In 1916 the taking
of eggs began August 9 and ended November 19. The total take
was 16,125,000. Between November 27, 1916, and June 30, 1917,

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. . 27

there were liberated 15,003,000 young red salmon. The loss was
1,122,000 eggs, or 6.9 per cent.

In 1917 fie taking of red-salmon eggs began August 13 and ended
November 3. The total take was 13,600,000.

HETTA.

This hatchery is also owned and operated by the Northwestern
Fisheries Co. It is located on Hetta Lake, in southeastern Alaska.
Its capacity is about 12,000,000 red-salmon eggs. In 1916 the take
of red-salmon eggs between August 21 and December 21 was 3,247,000.
The take of eggs in 1916 was erroneously reported by the company
as 3,271,000, which figures were published in the corresponding report
for 1916. In the period between August 21, 1916, and June 30, 1917,
there were liberated 3,120,000 young red salmon. The loss was
127,000, or 3.9 per cent.

In 1917 the taking of red-salmon eggs began August 15 and ended
December 14, during which period 4,826,000 were obtained.

KLAWAK.

The Klawak hatchery is operated by the North Pacific Trading &
Packing Co., and is located on a lake a few miles above Klawak, in
southeastern Alaska. Its capacity is approximately 10,000,000 red-
salmon eggs. In 1916 the total take of eggs was 8,160,000, obtained
in the period from July 20 to September 26. From these there were
liberated 7,822,000 red-salmon fry between September 26, 1916, and
February 16,1917. The loss was, therefore, 338,000, or 4.14 per cent.
This hatchery was not operated in the egg-collecting season of 1917,
the company reporting that it was unable to find a competent man to
take charge of operations.

GENERAL STATISTICS OF THE FISHERIES IN 1917.

The total investment in the Alaska fisheries in 1917 was $54,937,549,
an increase of $15,367,937 over 1916. Approximately 88 per cent of
this investment was in the salmon industry. The number of persons
engaged in 1917 was 29,491, an increase of 5,497 over 1916. The
total value of the products in 1917 was $51,466,980, an increase of
$25,310,421 over 1916. This is an increase of more than 96 per cent
in the value of the products of the Alaska fisheries. It was due in
part to an increased pack of nearly all kinds of fish, but more especially
to a tremendous advance in the market price of canned salmon, chums
being 84 per cent higher per dozen 1-pound cans than in 1916; cohos,
64 per cent; pinks, 76 per cent; kings, 94 per cent; and reds, 56 per
cent higher.

SuMMARY OF INVESTMENTS IN THE FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1917.

Southeast | Central Western

eee Alaska. | Alaska. | Alaska. | 70tal.
Salmon camninee 8 2325226 Seas 5 28 S28 5 Seas eee eg $19, 929,055 | $9,412,791 $17,523,425 | $46, 865, 271
Salmon mild-curing.....-.-..~....-+--.0.------s---2-- CUES ee ee OR Ce 940, 937
SADHON PiCkhny ete et eewen a kasitda se cceasescccet nasa 199, 734 200, 688 465, 020 865, 442
Sabnon; treshivwsaqaeesaee + coerce scene aan accc secs SBI Gh wee ecieb = nciela|aeetada sess 81,579
PROUD SISUCIN eance ame aeee ata see aie siinicccia cisscia6 o's = 320, 087 223, 670 18, 245 562, 002
abut fishery -0eset peters hoes samen se deat te wel ee Pep. UU ys ese eae el Ee SS 2, 200, 987
(O77 BET hn Bee Beso Oe Cees sce RCOS.= AH AR er OBER E ECE Ee) btoataee ccce! 516, 536 891, 729 1, 408, 265
Wilidle fishory 222. Si5. Sic eee Nee uur ee dls 828, 495 39, 935 741,496 | 1,609, 926
Clana Canning ss accmcs seemacae coe satieetiab les asisisicciso wie | in sais DOA OS Tal oaacreceteda 294, 987
ERED OUCUS: «nace paena deca bee enter e sae caies sa ences LOS poatleseccis su siacs aves eet enass 108, 153

yi 5 ay oP a age tay fh a a 24, 609, 027 | 10,688,607 | 19,639,915 | 54, 937, 549

28 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

SumMMARY OF PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1917

deer. Southeast] Central | Western
taces. ‘Alaska. | Alaska. | Alaska. | 7TOtal.
Whites... 7,494 2,768 5,781 16, 043
Natives... 4,281 993 896 6,170
Japanese. . 784 354 505 1, 643
Chinese. . . 1,075 497 702 2,274
Mexicans. . 347 146 1, 054 1, 547
Miscellanecus @ 668 318 828 1, 814
(Dotalegccs sits ces seem ice see eccs conn cee she ce eenenee amen 14, 649 5, 076 9, 766 29, 491

a Filipinos, Negroes, Porto Ricans, etc.

SuMMARY OF PRODUCTS OF THE ALASKA FISHERIES IN 1917.

Quantity.| Value. Products. Quantity.| Value.

Products.
Salmon:
Canned —. .-<- 2. cases. .| 5, 947, 286 |$46, 304,090 | Whale oil............ galls..| 900,883 $438, 362
Mild-cured......-- Ibs. -| 2,850, 400 344,028 | Sperm oil..........-- do...-| 197,670 149, 270
Piokledwe 52 seen bbls. . 36,390 590,497 | Whale fertilizer.....-..- Ibs. -| 1, 980, 600 61,720
MOTOS Yc oo ace avis =~ Ibs. -| 4,559, 785 404,048 | Whalebone......-..-- dole: 14, 866 i
Krozen’.|.. 2.025% 0....| 1,282, 182 81,574 | Trout:
Dry-salted, dried, and PTOZEN ene. s >= do..<- 7,798 701
smoked ...-.....lbs..| 377,000 53, 844 Pickled 2.2. csee ia 34, 800 1,899
Halibut: Brest. : t.3:0.22 4. do... 35, 168 3,317
RESO aeispies nein: do....] 7,038, 283 605, 205 Canned) <--.=--- cases. - 1, 408 10,979
TOZEN: s.cccces-e do...-| 6,115, 128 515,021 | Sablefish......-....-:- lbs. .} 1,020, 490 38, 303
Code kee seek ao s-c--00.5--|18,0 70,440 744,976 | Red rockfish. ....-.-. do....] 150,453 3, 696
Herring Miscellaneous fresh fish,
Canned.........- cases. . 49, 245 B26)0221| Mesee weease pees Ibs..} 114, 167 2, 247
Fresh and frozen for LORIN SSeS sa5eae soc cases 74, 515 274, 036
food Ne ALCLestee Ibs. . 23, 082 907) | ‘Shrimps? -/ec.ee «et Ibs. . 65, 000 3, 400
Fresh and frozen _ for Crabsia-e -bisaa-b-eseree doz... 410 665
lap iS agape sseoea lbs. .| 6,089, 780 57,556 | By-products, oil... --galls-. 25, 150 19, 560
Pickled for food. .do-....] 4,593,025 248,299 | By-products, fertilizer and
Dry-salted for food, tater eae scosueasc Ibs. .| 1, 642, 000 42,313
slo sin) se <aep mao 49-4] ptelepsODD 11, 349 ————_—_—_|—_—_—
Smoked for food ..do-.... 21, 600 700 AO gcGebaessascsage SeeSensec6 = 51, 466, 980
Oileea eens eee galls..] 205, 992 82, 396
Fertilizer......... tons. . 1,037 40, 000

SALMON INDUSTRY.

The salmon industry of Alaska in 1917 made tremendous gains
over that of any previous season, exceeding all records in respect to
the size and value of the pack. This increased production was due
in part to the larger number of plants in operation, and also to the
very heavy run of pink salmon in southeastern Alaska. That a
material advance in value of products would result from the unusual
demands of the times was not unexpected, but probably no one was
prepared to witness such extraordinary increases in value of products,
particularly canned salmon, as to almost double the high figures of
1916.

Southeastern Alaska contributed more than a million cases of
salmon over its production of the preceding season, the increase
consisting chiefly of humpbacks. The main body of salmon was
later than usual in making its appearance, and some concern was
felt among packers lest the season be a short one. These fears were
Beyad, Loweren when a late but heavy run of humpback salmon
entered Icy and Chatham Straits, thus enabling all canneries to make
good packs, while in some instances records were broken. The
number of canneries in this district was increased by nine, including
two that formerly packed herring only.

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 29

The industry showed a gain of seven salmon canneries in central
Alaska, several of which were located on Prince William Sound, but
notwithstanding this increase in the number of plants the pack was
less than in 1916, though of considerably greater value. The decline
was due primarily to the comparatively small run of humpback
salmon, although there was a falling off in the run of red salmon in
the Cook Inlet district. Karluk and Alitak were again conspicuous
in that they showed even better runs of red salmon than in 1916,
which was then considered an exceptional year.

Western Alaska showed a pack of red salmon slightly larger than
in 1916, even though there was a great falling off in the aatel in the
Port Moller region where five canneries were operated as against
three in the preceding season. The entire pack of the five plants
was less than that made at the Port Moller cannery alone in 1916.
This is the only district in western Alaska where salmon are taken by
purse seines, the chief fishing ground being off the mouth of Bear
River. Opinions do not agree as to the ultimate destination of these
salmon taken near Port Moller, since some observers hold that the
run is local and destined to the Bear River lakes, while others main-
tain that it is a part of the run to Bristol Bay. No definite conclu-
sion may be stated in respect to these opinions. It would seem,
however, that the opinion that the run is local is probably correct, as
at no other region between Unimak Island and the Ugashik River have
salmon been obtained commercially, except in the Port Heiden
field, where a few barrels have been pickled. If the salmon ordi-
narily taken in the Port Moller district are a part of the Bristol Bay
fish deflected from their course by the currents of fresh water from
the rivers near Port Moller, the small catch in that district may be
easily explained by assuming that the main body of fish was not
deflected in 1917 but held offshore and continued on its way toward
the head of the bay. Perhaps also the almost incessant westerly
winds prevailing during the time of the run may have influenced the
movements of the salmon.

The catch of red salmon in western Alaska in 1917 was the largest
that has ever been made, aggregating more than 24,000,000 fish and
exceeding by 2,500,000 the highest previous figures, those of 1914.

SALMON CATCH AND FORMS OF GEAR.

As in previous years, gear used in the salmon fisheries of Alaska
consisted chiefly of beach and purse seines, and gill and pound nets.
There were 599 seines in operation, the total length of which was
98,520 fathoms. The gain in this form of apparatus over 1916 was
165, southeast Alaska being credited with an increase of 72, central
Alaska with 84, and western Alaska with 9 additional seines.

Gill nets used in the salmon industry numbered 5,113 and measured
in the aggregate 493,554 fathoms. They were divided among the
three districts as follows: Southeast Alaska, 428 gill nets, a decrease
from the number reported in 1916 of 132; central Alaska, 1,149, a

ain of 644; and western Alaska, 3,536, an increase of 1,550. This
is a net increase of 2,062 gill nets over 1916.

Two kinds of pound nets or traps were in use, floating and driven,
there being 72 of the former and 398 of the latter, a total of 470.
This is an increase of 97 over 1916. Of the number operated in 1917,

80 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

southeast Alaska had 72 floating and 243 driven, gains of 5 and 55,
respectively; central Alaska had 136 driven pound nets, a gain of
42 over 1916, the increase being largely due to the operation of two
new canneries in the western part of the district; and western
Alaska had 19 driven pound nets as against 24 in 1916, a decrease of 5.

Taking Alaska as a whole, there was an increase of 31 per cent in
the number of fathoms of seines operated in the salmon industry in
1916; the number of fathoms of gill nets employed increased 19 per
cent; and pound nets increased 26 per cent in number.

Of the total catch of salmon in Alaska in 1917, 39 per cent was
taken by pound nets, 32 per cent by seines, 28 per cent by gill nets,
and 1 per cent by lines and dip nets. In 1916, seines caught 36 per
cent of the salmon taken in Alaska, pound nets 33 per cent, gill nets
30 per cent, while other appliances caught the remaining 1 per cent.
The catch by pound nets 1n 1917 increased 6 per cent, but the catch
by seines and gill nets decreased 4 and 2 per cent, respectively. The
following table shows the proportionate catch by districts according
to the principal kinds of apparatus used:

PERCENTAGE OF SALMON CAUGHT IN Eacu District By PRINCIPAL FoRMS OF GEAR.

Southeast Alaska. Central Alaska. Western Alaska.
Apparatus. |
‘ 1916 1917 1916 1917 1916 1917
Per cent.) Per cent.| Per cent.| Per cent.| Per cent.| Per cent.
Seinas 22% fo. cote cae es. . seu eee aes
IPOnnO netSectensceesce pest eemacecacc amiss 52 55 35 38 7 4
Gill nots sec er esckte Sass ocean ee eS 3 2 6 12 85 94

Alaska produced a total of 92,600,495 salmon in 1917 as against
72,055,971 in 1916, an increase of 20,544,524. There was an increase
of 22,482,783 salmon in southeast Alaska and 1,605,605 in western
Alaska, but central Alaska declined 4,306,439. Further comparison
of the catch of Alaska as a whole with that of 1916 shows that chums
increased 1,147,864, humpbacks 13,067,308, and reds 6,763,804.
Cohos declined 350,078, and kings 84,674.

As of further interest in this connection, it may be stated that a
total of 599 seines used in the salmon fisheries of Alaska took
29,381,979 salmon, an average of 49,052 per seine; a total of 470
pound nets used in the same fisheries caught 36,091,649 salmon, an
average of 76,790 per pound net. The relative efficiency of the two
forms of gear was at the ratio of 5 to 8 in favor of pound nets.

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 31

SALMON TAKEN IN 1917, BY SPECIES AND APPARATUS, FOR EACH GEOGRAPHIC SECTION
oF ALASKA.

Southeast Central Western

Apparatus and species. Nasa: (Alaska Alasieal Total.
Seines: Number. | Number. | Number. | Number.
Gonovonsiivers1-tssoe see ce een ceaesaeisccececces 305, 471 50, 057 7,169 362, 697
Whimvomiouan a. 5 vaece soos 2b Bo ace 4, 465, 627 567, 336 61, 648 5, 094, 611
lmpnack son pilkeeccsste ws sor eecwncessnaseess 5 16, 506, 787 | 2,561,677 612 | 19,069,076
see eee ee eS ap ORME ORS SEO COOCISEC DROS a 6, 461 1, 562 6, 705 14, 728
Ved OE SGCKO YO. tw c- ce eat coe ese cement enc oc ens ols 871,434 | 3,574, 225 395, 208 4, 840, 867
CTH pO a Ee Se ee ae aes 22,155,780 | 6, 754, 857 471,342 | 29,381,979
Gill nets:
SEONO, OF SUVEE 5 Sc con cence te nss< fete cisacccccncenees 321, 860 229, 836 73, 733 625, 429
iam Morkcta $6262 bim-ceccacias Asetece = Iaiscre Sretata rs - 108, 376 77, 587 336, 708 522, 671
Era p DAaGk (Or) PINke are 4 0 j5- 5 seeeiebins ome aaa 210, 335 140, 231 40, 522 391, 088
MeN EY On SPE E oa. ate ra- sea ieee eta eae soe aie 31,777 35, 215 95, 123 162,115
Red OL SOCKG YC? << ./ same. 5-5 MFC esses 535,912 | 1,251,376 | 22,822,194 | 24, 609, 482
TEA et TS USE ON eh ae een ce SS eee 1,208,260 | 1,734,245 | 23,368,280 | 26,310, 785
Pound nets:
CHRO a OFSUVOR 22 oie cine d som soma cinsisice eicioeiaelesnceeestsi- 678, 642 84, 030 930 763, 602
[RISMpaTahs (aye Leah hr a en I OY Se a 2, 429, 939 355, 870 124,289} 2,910,098
amp backoripinikk. Ses ss 0s ee) oak sacaieseio nieeeee 25, 190, 370 209, 964 560 | 25, 400, 894
Rane OM Spring Sie enatos cies wscsesec'sdsiceseeee se 36, 757 37, 489 14, 576 88, 822
VGOMOLISUCKOYO = once smenicic saicinnlaccaleselede slacinc saree 1,322,005 | 4,618, 346 987, 882 6, 928, 233
ota ene ct er ened h steal 29,657,713 | 5,305,699 | 1,128,237 | 36,091,649
Lines: ;
MONO NONSUVGD soc ians sete ctins dnc ceiee seas eldeen a B43 S158 || cos tewerctte|aacecses oe 343, 758
Chants Or Ket o-oo seine wacresedvaceweecweetewesas MS Seeaerocbes PePeee eaceee 198
ami pbaric: Onpink= 4-Ee sec ce cemetee > scae= cence ME EOI Bee rece ae Eee abeseee te 14, 213
Kano ROR Sprin geese tsec tac slac'sinemecienscescis seas see BZOROSON| pietwatalasee ya seemce cesses 326, 538
HIDGSIGHSOCKEVG . 28 -vidann teen anndocenass cebecosenide AAV ED Ss Soe ecde|pcceeeteeces 41,475
Botalevsccee: Miia ilabiaglensriy rien pare SSOP TOBUTRON See ee tat ae ee 726, 182
Dip nets:
WOMONOTSIVEr= 2:7 ossccseccs eso cot eee ee terete de. ee beesesees|) 8,400. |Jescsccccses 8, 767
GRIP MOR IS PIN A! A eyes acco as nc sacha slats ws soo aes ee | seats ered cies Jee AAS eRe ee 4,143
PA PMMOMSOGKO VO Nance sce ccien beer metecs «en scnseseee|-oememscseelh | 1G, O90) |p cee wememcicr 76, 990
Otale eee a cactanacase <a mecensn acces snes sse]seeeecemaseelly We SOP OGOi ES semi) 89, 900
Total: :
BINBOSORSNVORSR Sonn cco. oe ec eee sec cee 1, 649, 731 81, 832 104, 253
teri Orskeiaeeee ace a-e Je se asiccsnacnc sen ccece 7,004,140 522, 645 8, 527, 578
PALE D DAGKS OLY PUN Keres om lms = o=.- ph facbinicsie = fale bale eeie 41,921, 705 41,694 | 44,875,271
[RGN PROPS PEM Se sere caqsclaniae cise sao aencinans Beane 401, 533 116, 404 596, 346
RedsHor sockeye (eset. d- deabe sakes ae ELIE LEAL Le 2,770, 826 24,205,284 | 36,497, 047
Granditotall. S253 25 oso e esc cdecercetecaacce ae 53, 747,935 | 13,884,701 | 24,967,859 | 92,600, 495

CATCH OF SALMON IN BRISTOL BAY WATERS.

Request has been received from commercial fishery interests for a
compilation of the catch of salmon in the important Bristol Bay
region of Alaska. Broadly speaking, about one-third of the yield of
salmon from Alaskan waters comes from this region. The following
table shows the catches made in the more important waters fished in
the Bristol Bay district in the period of five years from 1913 to 1917.

a2 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

SALMON IN THE COMMERCIAL CatcH, Bristot Bay Reaction, 1913 To 1917.

Species and stream. 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 Total.
Red salmon: Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. .
Nushagale-.% .22.4tirs rom 5,236,008 | 6,174,097 | 5,676,457 | 3,592,574 | 5,679,818 | 26,358, 954
TOVIBDUEE cnn toe else oiketer 173, 925 283, 718 228, 405 223, 343 167, 421 1,076, 812
Kvichak-Naknek.......--- 13, 691,050 | 12,584,809 | 7,156,488 | 11,551,086 | 15,762,582 | - 60,746, 015
Mirae iii co eee enh ae ee 902, 728 897,767 | 1,216,252 | 1,578,862] 1,856,600] 6, 452, 209
Dipashikee. (ho2k ce eae 577, 615 254, 716 509, 076 647,422 | 1,047,111 | 3,035,940
Totalocscteet see 20, 581,326 | 20,195,107 | 14,786,678 | 17,593,287 | 24,513,582 | 97,669, 930

King salmon:

lisbagalce: sence eee apes 67, 622 89, 599 116, 281 81, 591 73, 839 428, 932
TPUSHI Ke aoee cusses eee eee 34 94 106 330 477 1,041
Kvichak-Naknek.......... 5, 648 10, 657 29, 392 20, 934 16,155 82, 786
MWgagile es hs ee 254 405 510 143 1,677
Weashik san 'f..-soskasa. os 691 1, 209 1,739 1,904 531 6,074

Motal2<sctens secs 74, 249 101, 964 148, 028 105,124 91,145 520, 510

66, 640 81, 434 117, 172 293, 210 62, 260 620, 716

2 17, 462 13, 271 288 3 31, 026

165 165: siccadseosccd| wieteceeihaoal aeceeseeeee 330

66, 807 99, 061 130, 443 293, 498 62, 263 652, 072

Nishapaks. eee hai. 683, 201 932, 477 444,146 | 1,818,566 303,437 | 4,181, 827

evishi kg pe eee ese ae eae hee aE ol 738 183 921

Kvichak-Naknek.......... 13, 940 173, 831 83, 019 806, 989

OF eae aaa aes 7,450 7,450 5, 726 40,130
Weashike osc oster tee cea. 14, 704 14,613 879 ,

Totaltes.so.cssccetncstee 719,295 | 1,128,371 2, 180, 117 393,244 | 5,127, 471

Grand total...........-. 21, 441,677 | 21,524,503 | 15,771,593 | 20,172,026 | 25,060,184 | 103, 969, 983

SALMON CANNING.
NEW CANNERIES.

In 1917 there were 18 more salmon canneries in operation in
Alaska than in 1916. Of this number nine were in southeast Alaska,
seven in central, and two in western Alaska. Those in the south-
eastern district were operated as follows: Alaska Herring & Sardine
Co., Port Walter; Alaska Pacific Herring Co., Big Port Walter;
Baranof Packing Co., Red Bluff Bay; R. L. Cole & Co., Tokeen;
Haines Packing Co., Letinkof Cove; Lane & Williams, Moira Sound;
Northland Fish Co. (floating plant), Metlakatla; Sitka Packing Co.,
Sitka; and Robert Scott, a floating cannery at Craig. The central
district shows the following: Copper River Packing Co., Port Nellie
Juan; Lighthouse Canning Co., Cordova; Moore Packing Co., Cor-
dova; Northwestern Fisheries Co., Kenai; Pacific American Fish-
eries, Ikatan; San Juan Fishing & Packing Co., Seward; Sockeye
Salmon Co., Morzhovoi Bay; and Valdez Packing Co., Valdez.
Those in western Alaska were the Fidalgo Island Packing Co. and
the Phoenix Packing Co., both at Herendeen Bay.

Included in the above list are three canneries that operated in 1916,
but were not then engaged in salmon canning, namely, those of the
Alaska Herring & Sardine Co., the Alaska Pacific Herring Co., and the
Lighthouse Canning Co.

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. ao

CHANGES IN CANNERIES.

In December, 1916, the Lindenberger Packing Co. relinquished its
cannery interests in Alaska by selling the Roe Point plant to the
Northwestern Fisheries Co. and transferring the Craig plant to the
Columbia Salmon Co., which latter concern also sold its cannery at
Seldovia to the Northwestern Fisheries Co. It is reported that the
Seattle Packing Co. retired from the fishery business in Alaska by
the sale of the barge Amelia, used as a cannery in 1916, to the North-
land Fish Co., which operated it at Metlakatla. The Sanitary Pack-
ing Co. became the Ketchikan Packing Co., which continued the
operation of the plant at Ketchikan. In the fall of 1916 the Sunny
Point Packing Co. took over all the interests of the Northland Pack-
ing Co., and operated the cannery also located at Ketchikan. The
Canoe Pass Packing Co. built a cannery at Sugar Point, near Cor-
dova, and moved thereto the machinery previously used in the leased
quarters on the Cordova dock.

The canneries formerly listed in the name of the Alaska Fisher-
men’s Packing Co., North Alaska Salmon Co., and the Yakutat &
Southern Railway Co. are now shown under the name of Libby,
McNeill & Libby.

CANNERIES OPERATED IN 1917.

In 1917 there were 118 salmon canneries in operation in Alaska
62 of which were in southeast Alaska, 27 in central Alaska, and 29 in
western Alaska.

CoMPANIES CANNING SALMON IN ALASKA, NUMBER AND LOCATION OF CANNERIES
OPERATED, AND NUMBER OF PouND Nets Ownep By EAcu.

Name. a Location. ound
Southeast Alaska:
JMECUS VIDS G1 00) Be ee eee nae a ee Di Waterfall eeu 7 6 tS Syne 2
Alaska Herring & Sardine Co..................2-000 1| Port Walter..- al
Chilkoot. b12
Alaska Pacific Fisheries: 265s. 0.222 -eo ttc ween 3 |{Chomly..... cg
Wes Hay orereens = @13
Alaska Pacific Herring Co... 520. cso n en seston IeheBiereort Wialter-ces--seem sess |e a=
«4s ORE tare eae mane sea eee ell
Ajaska Packers ASSOCIATION. « cccccitiscccccccstcences 2 Wirshpelle oes ea {7
Alaska Sanitary Packing Co... 52.26 joc cccccenccesss i ase GOaseetassncebe senate es . 5
(KAS RAN eines a rasiela oe eniee sine 7
Anacortes Fisheries Co. . d oSHSSES cebdpaanostoce 2 {eevean Wil dov ie Siti eee 3
Astoria & Puget Sound Canning C Co. b SCD SORES ACE OECE 1 | Excursion Inlet..............- 8
Auk Bay Salmon Canning Co. . See sele siete tar stete 1} Auk Bay. . scoop scadscnens 4
iBarsnoftsPacking' Colts: ROT N oe ce ccececcesee 1} Ret Bluff Bay. Lista cele se eee ae peeee ne
Bares nhe. COs ns ss bo SP tice cos ccaewene's 1) |) Lake Bayi tegen. caschcd. ee 3
haces Packing COV sesso lee be descr cocsbeccces 2 Weetichikarercmteyslacnt clesnje ciate 3
Colen Rai sCO on LS MES oss conch Se a 1} Mokeeene 2 22 oes co Mike fe es cciee) 2g ose
Coliimbia Salmon Cot) Lee GOR eck chew cterare TiC raloeren caves se secstass > eos ee 4
Weep Seasaimon. Co... ie) Ge ne donee Vs ordain tasissmceocene ee 210
Woyhof Kish. Products Cosi. Oo bcos Dt | SCOWMBARY ete cones oe sacs eects a2
Kidalgolsland Packing: Coco te¥. 2b. ces eee 1) | etichisante Soasacaasaesh ace 7
George Inlét Packing (Co. -2 2038200. job ec ins ces eere 1 |*@eoreeinlote-cccsascsccece ses 14
Haines Papkine Co. 62 2222S. Jdee. clrereciee 1+} etinkof Covel :2 2. sseer ee Seabee
Parris hE eer Ges) Oetker e ecek cca cewcce 2) Eberle sis -ccositeatwe sae 12
Hidden Inlet ‘Canning COANE Sept aeiins do asceheanss= 1 Hidden tees idle bed Gaeta aos 92
ambien Bay. <iccececescsse=5 5
(OORT er SCESH Orr te tis aS aasiclsiatias os eisinabewens s 2 (Hosnat ER as DN ee 13
Hume; GuiwWenCOn aadtosadbentovets ce .c-cec chaos 1 BEAtPHATDOrs Sovecsteacucee gl
Karheen Packing Co........ SOS oe 6 sbiw a cra Mistete'e'or el ennieen Aho Ie ese cece 5
Ketchikan Packing OGM. Joss ie. cb. icc cckevewes TS Ret Chia eee ee eA
Mane &. Williams? <. 2.22 eee od cc eccku eee es TjipMoira Sounds cosnccucceesece Cte cc te.
Libby, McNeill & Libby. Shirase sD eghavewss LP Vakutatca2sdsvs.edateows ds odtbactteces
erat Geos TG Coe see sedd tech ccacccccdcecces 75) Chatham, 225. oo cceccccsaces ce a
Worthiand. Fish Wo. 90. Hessian). oticcos WiiMotlakatlaw...22c eee deca cc's 2
2 All floating. ¢ 4 floating. €6 floating. 91 floating.
6 2 floating. @9 floating. 76 floating.

99805°—19——16

84 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

COMPANIES CANNING SALMON IN ALASKA, NUMBER AND LocaTION or CANNERIES
OPERATED, AND NUMBER OF PounD NEtTs OwNneED By Eacu—Contd.

Name. rd “ Location. fate
Southeast Alaska—Continued.
North PacificTrading & Packing Co....-.........-. 4) Rleawake! 07.4 ib ee ee es
Dundas. Bays. sacs cadet aeaecee ag
Hunter Bay. ..ce--s.ssaeneeee b2
Northwestern Fisheries Co.................----.---- 5; Quadra. se seeiiti 23 fo eee ee 4
Roe Point c7
Santa Ana...... b1
Pacific American Fisheries 1 | Excursion Inlet... -. =f 18
Petershure Packing Cp- ag. o-oo nae nae gece : 1. | POtOrsDUTE Esc 4. onc ome tee ee 3
Pillar: Bay Packing Cos). ALG... os..b 4.10 abbbee 1/)) Pillar de ay:<. .J0. oye eaanes 4
Pout Warde Packing Cos 5... o-sulacmms Saddosmete 1 | Point Warde..'s- <-> -<k ame et| seen
Pre MOOG HASH. COA. se ree eens cee Sees aaa 1) Ketchikan S22. ceec eee d4
Sanborn-Cram (Cobe. #5... f452 cb pads. chk seta ae oe ae 1,|: Burnett Amnlet:- 2225-35 i22e. oe b4
Sanbom-Cuttin & Cope. ss.c2 sag. dioacicsee ee eaeates 1. | Keake scenic oceans eee -ESeeee b6
Scotti Wobert.< 2102 2... eS. cSt 1))\.\Craipes ..~ SII 72514: 7. . secant Gee
Sitkal Packinp) CG... gas -sed annigcuas pas eee eee resi e 1 | Sipk aoc. p)6t baa aewereecse aoe eee
Sintléy ils. 6c COL e+. sos. cen ccneasscaeecmeeaee ate 1) Ketchikan... <:-sesssseeceee 3
Starr-Collinson Packing Co. .....2---2.-:--cceceeee 1: |\ Moire Sound'o. 2: 2.3 -sgzseoere e6
Simi Lee else eal Ce Ger gk Sedereen does6 cis toe Ane 1 Broyl Arm Siete a See at
‘ et étchikam... Sees cancheeeeees 5
Sunny: bointvEacking Oo... jee capse. ccstereaee soe 2 Sunny Pointy. +. 0+ lef «-a4d. seen
Swift-Arthur-Croshy/Cos.- 2b. ae. coee epee cee 1 | eeeta islam 2. ote ace scteers sell aes
Taku Canning & Cold Storage Co...........-....--. 1 4) Daku Parbori-:::s-22--220e5 15
Tee Harbor Packing COs os. s.messeee Se oecoeee coke l | Dee Harbor-%... 1.22.4. -s5-ae4 9
Tenakoee-Hishenies| COs: - Accs oc seutecesmeciseeetck oF 1 | Tenakee. . .= 3-04 s)sse- see eee 4
ThinketPackineiCon. s2:cjece cs eaceisee eee nee ae Ly unter Bayer. c.. ccs eee 2B
Union: Bay Wisheries\Co... -.. 25220 4225 eee see 1 | Union Bay 3
WardisiCove Packine| Counc. cocssastu tes asin eee eee 1 | Ward Cove 1
Vi LOS OER ACKIN ECO et. eta. wcihecstiehe menses ue cee 1 | Rose Inlet... 3
Central Alaska: fetes A SA 2
ae igni ee eee ee 3
Alaska) Packers Association) J522.% 465. RA AE 4 aati eee 14
Larsen Bay... -.. disses henciea-|eeeeeeen
Canoe Pass Packing COs. cc saci eects sboesen eee 1 | (Cord ovarcssesee=e ee caceeeeee 3
CarlislepPackin Co. 2 aoe spo cmaac ee ue teee eee oe if | Saee GO iar: tA sani pie ge es eee 3
Clark- Graham Coo 2 once an hee ees caren eee 1) Buyak River. -0 22. cs ee aee ae) eee
Columbia River Packers’ Association............... 1 | Chignik. pe eae 6
« LA DOLCFOM DION wen = new eeiemenis lee ERee
Copper River Packing Co...........2....222eeecc0e- a pee Nello tuna eee
Deep Sea SalmoniGosen’ . 2-2 ste b.dc Se ee 1° |) Keni: ‘Anraat 2 son ccceseeee 6
Hidaleoilsiand Packing. Coe ea. seenonen tenes i} ePortsGrabams-cciceceescnete 6
EFoonal backing Gower. tector ee ter ee ee eee 1 | *Katalia ccc cee cetace ce aces eee
Kadiaic Mishories|\ Col. =. eeceees smtuaesce con otes ame 1 | Kodiak
Hibby, MeNeulve Libby ceaacaaser aoss. seen. ane 1} Kenai
Lighthouse Canning Cows sis 97- ena he devece eet. 1 | Cordova.
Moore. Packing Co; .- <2 <.sacegcbdetteenscesccbasenck y Oy ese: d
Chignik
Kenai
Northwestern Fisheries Co....... 22). ..5..<cscccoc--. 5 |2Orea
Seldovia
hii
. . . . a an
Pacific American Fisheries. ..................-..... 2 King Cove
San Juan Fishing & Packing Co.................... In|: Sewards & 2250-52 te ctsaee eee
Sockeye! Salmon 'C03.3 ee domes eee co seee deen ew 1 | Morzhovoi Bay............... 4
Valdez Packing Con < ood -ummdeecteide sec Aoece a es 1 |) Valdez’). ca:izematt zeneemeeeeaet 1
Western Alaska: : xcvichsi:, River a Udmotss J seca tees
«ote Naknek River (8).c: «23... aclissaneone
Alaska Packers Association.............. PO oe 8 Nushagak Bay (2):...-.c2.... r)
Ugaeuk River. .\an sees sct- cel aeeeene
Alaska-Portland Packers’ Association. ............. 1 | Nushogak (Bayiis cscssin'cc cate 3
Alaska Saimon'O0. 7... det donne sees ase eet en oo 1 | Wood er Bethe eee nh ac
erie poser Nea aekin PICO: |. ote qoioe Ja Poee ate oe 1 | Herendeen Bay............... 1
Brist lecieleatey=4! Ofc ares Se oe SS ae ee 1 | Kyvichakgbayiiots.<.-/.cec23 <og| gee eee
Bris iver Packers ASSOCIATION #2 cseontoe seo. 1} Nushagak Bay-c:.\...: sci aeleeeene ce
Fidaleo Island Packing'Co..:0- bo. J. scscet ess. 1| Herendeen Bay............... a
eae Bay (2)»\<. ~ ese se tl eee Ean
Libby, MeNeill & Libby. see nedwoanb duGoocedabione eet 6 Kogetune. River (2) Gee ie) cP
; | Geaguk Rivers’! 2. ccese ovate eee
Midnight Sun backing Covs, 3 zcctocc subs ceten eens 1.) otzehite.. 1. <. - Ace eee 1
Neknek sPacking (0-2... -passtwets dodo occumtcnaen 2 1] Naknek River...... biciaied eR R se. -
Nelson Lagoon Packing Co...................-.-2- 1| Nelson aie 5
Northwestern Fisheries Co......................--2- 1 Nushagek pags neat we
in ay E attelet «2
Pacific oe WUSHOTICS PFS diode secs odae sete 2 pao Galler... 6
Phoenix Packing 'C0.- 2 imc wedin hs lodoccsaadeaces® 1 Hoerandean Bay cs) shies ohabeld| sides ons
: GENGKS wis:</a.scabuee ee 4 ae aeee
Red Salmon Canning Co............ dh a as oid ciate oo 2 Ugashik River......... iene er
a3 floating. ¢ 2 floati ¢5 floating.
dA floating. dj floating: =

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 35

STATISTICS.

The number of canneries in operation in Alaska in 1917 was 118,
as compared with 100in 1916. The totalinvestment was $46,865,271,
an increase of $12,764,418 over 1916. The investment in southeast
Alaska increased $7,198,635, in central Alaska $3,086,762, and in
western Alaska $2,479,003.

The number of persons employed in the salmon-canning industry
in 1917 was 23,350, an increase of 4,110 over 1916, when 19,240
were employed. Whites increased 2,823 and natives 767. Chinese
decreased 97, Japanese 183, and miscellaneous 735. The decrease
in miscellaneous persons employed is due to the fact that the Mexi-
cans, which formerly were included in that category, are given
separate classification in the list for 1917.

There were packed in Alaska in 1917 a total of 5,947,286 cases of
salmon, valued at $46,295,900. This is an increase of 1,046,559 over
the 4,900,627 cases packed in 1916 and an increase of $23,034,661
over the value of the 1916 pack, which was $23,269,429. The pack
in 1917 establishes a new record in the production of the salmon
fisheries, exceeding by long odds the pack of previous years in both
quantity and value. Taking each section separately, the pack was
as follows: Southeast Alaska advanced from 2,214,280 cases to
3,294,851, an increase of 1,080,571 cases; central Alaska declined
from 1,075,913 to 1,017,206 cases, a falling off of 58,707 cases; and
western Alaska increased from 1,610,434 to 1,635,235 cases, a gain
of 24,801 cases over the pack of 1916. A comparison by species
shows that chums increased from 724,115 to 906,747 cases, a gain
of 182,632 cases; humpbacks increased from 1,737,793 to 2,296,976
cases, a gain of 559,183 cases; and reds increased from 2,110,937
to 2,488,381 cases, an advance of 377,444 cases. Cohos declined
from 261,909 to 193,231 cases, a decrease of 68,678 cases, and kings
fell off from 65,873 to 61,951 cases, a decrease of 3,922 cases in 1917.

INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON-CANNING INDUSTRY IN 1917.

Items. Southeast Alaska. | Central Alaska. Western Alaska. Total.
No. Value. No. Value. No. Value. No. Value.

Canneries operated......- 62 |$4, 909, 505 27 |$2, 081, 865 29 |$3, 770, 307 118 |$10, 761, 677

WRG RIME et Dita g, <ieo cs |ancsbee 8, 472, 101 |........ aytevdetste ila | pale ee AV TAGING O5ig eee 9, 230, 571

Wrarespaid’stssae: foe) cle. socbon 3,500,302 |....2... i 72le 5721 tees 3,188;316) |. shad 8, 410, 190

Vessels: .

Power vessels over 5

CONS 41 Bee ora 232 | 1,202,346 72 | 622,716 74 } 1,051, 140 378 | 2,876, 202

Net tonnage......| 4,173 |........... PLoS) | eae Bae SHOZGE| PAE eo ee LU s02h oer. 2
Launches under 5

GGUS IEE Beasts Soo. 106 83 , 428 135 120, 705 33 113, 698 274 317, 831

Bailing: osteitis. 2 4 68,100 9| 328,500 31 | 1,022, 800 44 | 1,419, 400

Net Tonnage: . 2.|' "4,331 |)... h oS. 1s cab 2] AD (O04 | peeetac eee. GASOTON 22 BFS

Boats, sailand row...| 1,102 68, 818 657 50, 527 1, 348 291,664 | 3,107 411, 009
Lighters, sccws, and

house-boats wee ete 338 186, 068 204 124, 906 180 228, 163 722 539, 137

Pile. drivers==<<sss=<< 50 184, 502 42 128, 380 26 335, 920 118 648, 802

Apparatus:

Haul seines.........- 79 28, 020 129 43, 698 14 7,790 222 79, 508

Fathoms sae Se DEA Eee eee Sees VC ECE ae ae ee 7h Pee ees 8 3396210 ln5ea die.

Purse seines.......... 278 157, 399 10 8,970 30 60, 021 318 226, 390

Fathoms......... AO ONG Ni eb. ee) He725 Wee.bs-.2b20 REB20) oe BOF 204A eS 5.5 <

Gillinetss. 222.55 Sar 45,430 | 1, 127,623 | 2,41 311, 263 484, 316

Fathoms......... IL Te ee oe te ll a eT BDACR RB ulate oo hal STD OA, [eee ee

Pound nets, driven... 240 854, 551 128 374, 289 19 62, 738 387 1, 291, 578

Pound nets, floating. . 72 1685485) cs 22.22 ric Se eI ea NS oe ta io 72 168, 485

PMmmetes. 255.25 85. No 2h a aad! 70 L7T (DVRS Oe Bess oe SES 70 175

Dota 2,0, oh Aes oe 19,929, 055 |........ 9.412. 7015 eaten Aye Ol ee 46, 865, 271

ss

36 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE SALMON-CANNING INDUSTRY IN 1917.

Southeast Central Western Total.

Occupations and races. Alaska. | Alaska. | Alaska.
Fishermen:
WVIDILOS core we ominre om 5 ote READ CD re Se ae Cae oem arac 1,334 1,139 3,079 5, 552
INQUIVES 2.555 th orn Sens Sete ete pees alee ene Be adele d 1,348 286 227 1,861
CHINESE in eho owe cect ee aleaiea aint aime o ane mjaesiereeini meee sek Oat Eb aeter aoe het 1 1
JAPADCSO | 22 on ces emnmeeet nee ge iciets'ss ost atic iuanrsaiete Li dee siete ae paul aomenp aeeeee 1
Mexicans ¢x14 52833 2 Soc Bse si seae dds esse 39 BV acsskweeeeee 42
Miscollantousia:. <pies seen ccs cisice sv ccel- elo eens tees 18 BD itejeisia cee 23
Motel: soc ose wes Ceeaae eenocisaos ease Renee 2, 740 1, 433 3,307
Shoresmen: ima =...
1tOS. ect deee AS 8 so Sacas oS aneree ree eeaae 2,358 788 1, 687
Natives eisai hisdaess oecae- ack oc pete wetios 1, 832 604 5
CHINGSB Ee fe Soa eos Sa otis nn ahs 3 bala a oat cteeaeaineeiaie te 1,075 497 701
REAP AUGER ei Patience se cticice ce ae isc0 aes eae ts fe 740 343 498
IMGxICATSES See cciscismise elon citeiclo'\s(nis\aialebletdaaitatante ee <1 308 143 1,042
IMiscellHnGOls ie ccc wocnd cose nacis tageoaeeeeeiecte ss 649 312
TOUS cw capt oncaetsetcescisecanjse's seme teacess sation 6, 962 2, 687 5, 281
Transporters: ' MU hain a
LDCS 2. de cumle ose Maret iiddcosn ete sateadbccens aes 418 252 227
IN GIVES ec cre ce ots oe cielo stestgctn ic aie at a ee epee site ete 6 19
Japanese... 2... ---0- 2-0 - ee ence eee ener eee eeeceeee 8 (a Ie SS
MMiscellamepus te. creme peeps niga ieee ee a 1 Vl Sad xe hartece
Total yet pisear ie semtcdes setae schice ommigaee esse eee ae 433 279 228
Grand total:
WW ICOS eee: io tn Wala cine aize'cietis im esciciemist/eitesiicion = s 4,110 2,179 4,993
NEVES: See Bons cee sc TS EER ES. IRE 3, 186 753
Chinese........ ata 7 1,075 497 702
JAPANESE eee eee ceecee acerca uemanetats : 749 350 498
IMGXICADSE A. oe fac aencecth bccn sc aees sere re inte 347 146 1,042
MISCOLIANECOMIS! 2 2 = oo sical es nis Aoinivis Wane misteie =e sipiainiciess 668 318 828
Matal tet ciate see na 25. Ge Ae HIRO eee 10, 135 4,399 8, 816
Filipinos, Negroes, Porto Ricans, etc.
OvutruT oF CANNED SALMON IN 1917.2
Product. Southeast Alaska. Central Alaska. Western Alaska. Total.

Coho, or silver: Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value
}-pound flat....} 26,684 | $286,435 3,029) (OSU 1G Mose eS sI. SIS 235 ee es 30,412 | $327,551
1-pound flat.... 175 1,379 187 VAG Oi Eee eee acenseeees 362 2,874
1-pound tall....) 125,009 | 1,040,945 | 32,007 | 265,981 5,441 | $45,304 | 162,457 | 1,352,320

MNotalitsece0s 151,868 | 1,328,759 | 35,922 | 308,592 5,441 45,394 | 193,231 | 1,682, 745

Chum, or keta:
3-pound flat....| 26,760 PALI COE | Meee ee dt eee Sartell anaes eG soe Ge 26,760 200, 764
1-pound flat.... 1,625 10, 209 905 6; 4380) ec ceeat acces ees 2,530 15, 639
1-pound tall....| 736,517 | 4,462,061 | 89,721) 558,172] 51,219] 335,411 | 877,457 | 5,355, 644

Morale nsche 764,902 | 4,673,034 | 90,626) 563,602] 51,219} 335,411 | 906,747 | 5,572,047

Humpback, or ray | i [ Paneth;

pink: ,
3-pound flat....) 90,273 761, 078 1,130 0610 \ieasevens slo ueenwanens 91, 403 770, 688
1-pound flat.... 2,193 14, 238 3, 821 23, 604))| San. 2 boa eeee to =n 6,014 37,932
1-pound tall. . . .2, 057, 104 |13,139,455 | 140,334 | 833, 225 Batol 12, 762 |2, 199, 559 |13, 985, 442
Dotalweere.-e. 2,149, 570 |13,914,771 | 145,285 | 866, 529 2,121 12,762 |2, 296,976 |14, 794, 062
ing, or spring:
pound flat....| 10,423 | 121,525 321 3, 843 2,229 29,870 | 12,973] 155,238
1-pound flat....| 1,170 13, 259 3,864 | 37,806 99 890 5,133 51, 955
1-pound tall....| 12,117] 147,896 | 15,102 | 139,254] 16,626] 150,104] 43,845 | 437,254
Total. cecce 23,710 282, 680 19,287 | 180,903 18, 954 180, 864 61,951 644, 447

Red, or sockeye:

}-pound flat....| 56,970 747, 180 42,719 | 541,943 24, 620 324,217 | 124,309 | 1,613,340
1-pound flat....| 23,236 | 254,573 | 35,432 | 383,100| 30,944] 307,613 | 89,612 | 945, 286
1-pound tall....| 124,589 | 1,135,038 | 647,935 |6, 025,063 |1, 501,936 |13, 892, 062 |2, 274, 460 |21, 052, 163

Potalae....t 204,795 | 2,136,791 | 726,086 |6, 950, 106 |1, 557, 500 |14, 523, 892 |2, 488, 381 |23, 610, 789

Grand total. ./3, 294, 845 |22, 336, 035 |1, 017, 206 |8, 869, 732 |1, 635, 235 |15, 098, 323 |5, 947,286 |46, 304, 090

a Cases containing }-pound cans have been reduced one-half in number, and thus, for the purpose of
affording fair comparison, all are put upon the basis of forty-eight 1-pound cans per case.

FISHERY INDUSTRIES, Bit

Output oF CANNED Satmon, 1911 ro 1917.4

Product. 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916
Coho, or silver: Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases.
4-pound flat...... 1, 574 2,719 3, 587 4,579 2,050] 13,145 )
1-pound flat...... 1,075 17 266 285 2,338 8,191 362 13, 534
1-pound tall...... 131,259 | 163,462 71,926 | 152,199 | 119,880 | 240,573 | 162,457 | 1,041, 756
Totals. 2.2.26 133,908 | 166,198 75,779 | 157,063 | 124,268} 261,909 | 193,231 | 1,112,356
Chum, or keta:
epound flat: -02.:|-:-<2..4-- 2,795 985 RYE eee ae 1,423 | 26,760 32, 336
1-pound flat...... Teil | pe hell LO 2,619 5,568 B17alstet So 2, 530 18, 279
1-pound tall...... 316,550 | 661,838 | 287,314 | 657,918 | 479,629 | 722,692 | 877,457 | 4,003,398
Motal-2..:22.2.. 323,795 | 664,633 | 290,918 | 663,859 | 479,946 | 724,115 | 906,747 | 4,054,013
Humpback, or pink:
4-pound flat...... 4,836] 13,712] 20,822 2,103 4,325 | 41,491 | 91,403] 178,692
1-pound flat...... 1S Sy fl eT 3,258 9, 286 3,508 | 14,796 6,014 46, 299
1-pound tall...... 991, 005 |1, 266,426 |1,348, 801 | 974, 660 |1, 867, 683 |1, 681, 506 |2, 199, 559 |10, 329, 640
Motakre cof! 1,005, 278 |1, 280,138 |1,372,881 | 986,049 |1, 875,516 |1, 737, 793 |2, 296,976 |10, 554, 631
King, or spring:
3-pound flat...... 67 5, 151 1,585 3,143 2, 404 2,617 | 12,973 27, 940
reava (Field Sy eee S| a mS SL ACRES Wi Sage 4,804 3,755 3, 804 5,133 17, 496
1-pound tall...... 45,451 | 38,166 | 32,785 | 40,092] 82,092] 59,452] 43,845] 341,883
Motalocen2 so. 45,518 | 43,317] 34,370] 48,039| 88,251] 65,873 | 61,951 | 387,319
Red, or sockeye:
4-pound flat...... 13,601} 28,024] 29,041] 53,825] 52,033] 81,565 | 124,309] 382,398
1-pound flat...... 4,967 | 16,242] 11,735] 64,671 | 112,847] 86,395] 89,612] 386,469
1-pound tall...... 1, 296, 750 |1, 856, 089 |1, 924, 461 |2, 083, 147 |1, 765, 139 |1, 936,971 |2,274, 460 |13, 137, 017
1}-pound nomi-
mals ees 8 cote lac soonest | tessa selalae Saeed ade bas Tecuboe. 2208) \ las ata 3] cee ese 2, 293
PaPOOMG SAE TLETIALS [os cele cee eee hee | oeec coe eres aee sosience ee et ll Peeeraceee 6, 006
Potals.:. 5.244. 1,315, 318 |1, 900, 355 |1, 965, 237 |2, 201, 643 |1, 932,312 |2,110, 937 |2, 488,381 |13, 914, 183

Grand total. .. ./2, 823, 817 |4, 054, 641 |3, 739,185 |4, 056,653 |4, 500,293 |4, 900, 627 |5,947, 286 |30, 022, 502

a The number of cases shown has been put upon the common basis of forty-eight 1-pound cans per case.

AVERAGE ANNUAL PRICE PER CASE OF Forty-E1cut 1-PouND CANs oF SALMON,
1907 to 1917.

Product. 1907 | 1908 | 1909 | 1910 | 1911 } 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 | 1916 | 1917

LOSSES AND DISASTERS IN THE SALMON-CANNING INDUSTRY.

Two canneries were destroyed by fire during the season of 1917.
The first of these was that of the Sunny Point Packing Co., at Sunny
Point, on September 13. It resulted in the complete destruction of
the plant, except floating equipment and 26,115 cases of canned
salmon. The value of the property thus lost was $214,000. The
second fire occurred on the night of October 2, when the cannery of
the Astoria & Puget Sound Canning Co., at Excursion Inlet, was
burned, together with 38,938 cases of salmon. Property valued at
$315,613 was destroyed by this fire. The Anacortes Fisheries Co.
sustained a loss of property at its Kasaan plant valued at $19,530,
including buildings, fishin gear, machinery, and supplies. In south-
east Alaska other losses of fishing gear and equipment reached a val-
uation of $18,629.

38 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

The companies operating in central Alaska were fortunate in that
only minor losses of equipment and gear, valued at $3,607, were sus-
tained.

The losses in western Alaska consisted chiefly of vessels. The
Alaska Salmon Co. lost the steamer Thistle, valued at $10,000, when
it struck a rock in British Columbia while northbound to engage in
the season’s operations. The Bristol Bay Packing Co. lost the
launches Corinne and Grace, valued at $9,500. On May 14, the ship
Standard (1,461 tons net), belonging to Libby, McNeill & Libby,
went on a shoal near Cape Constantine and was lost with her cargo,
the total value of both being $97,000. The same company lost the
ship St. Francis (1,757 tons net), when it went on the rocks in
Unimak Pass on May 14. It was valued at $30,879. On May 9, the
bark St. Katherine, owned by the Red Salmon Canning Co., was
stranded at King Salmon Point, Ugashik River, while loaded with a
cargo of cannery supplies for the season’s operations. Cargo, valued
at $65,000 was lost. New supplies were immediately rushed to the
cannery from San Francisco by steamer, and reached there just before
the salmon started to run. The St. Katherine was refloated by the
aid of divers, pumps, and assistance rendered by the steamers Lehua
and Kadiak, and was towed in ballast to San Francisco, where repairs
were made. The cost of floating the vessel, towing charges, and re-
pairs, was estimated at $75,000. Fishing gear and miscellaneous
equipment to the value of $25,691 was also lost in western Alaska.

Considering Alaska as a whole, the value of property lost in the
salmon-canning industry in 1917 was $884,249. The loss of life was
ereater than usual, 26 men having been drowned or otherwise acci-
dentally killed.

MILD CURING OF SALMON.

The production of mild-cured salmon in Alaska in 1917 aggregated
3,563 tierces as against 4,898 in 1916. This decline of about 30 per
cent was due not only to the fact that there was a smaller catch of
king salmon, but for the reason that a larger number of kings were
used for canning than in the preceding season. But little, if any, of
this product was exported to European countries, in former years its
chief market.

Southeast Alaska continues to produce the bulk of mild-cured salm-
on, although approximately 100 tierces were packed in central Alaska.
No mild-cured salmon were reported in the western district.

A total of 23 operators engaged in the mild-cure industry in south-
east Alaska, prominent among whom were the Alaska Hervide &
Sardine Co., Port Walter; Jakobsen & Hansen, Forrester Island;
Noyes Island Packing Co., Noyes Island; Pacific Mild-Cure Co., at
Hoonah, Port Conclusion, Taku Harbor, Tyee and Waterfall; Vend-
syssel Packing Co., at Tyee; and the Northland Trading & Packing

o., at Saginaw Bay and Port Alexander. In central Alaska, the
Kachemak Canning Co., at Tyonic, put up practically the entire mild-
cured product of the district. This was incidental to the herring
operations of the company.

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 39

INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON Mitp-CurING INDUSTRY oF SOUTHEAST ALASKA IN 1917.

Items. No. Value. Items. No. | Value.

Wixed plants ssi... Ce 275.22 Se Se 10 |$116, 671 |) Gear:
Operating capital..- =) cs. 4.22 4|-b2.22% 325, 313 Peines, (DUFSC:.:3P25.hc2cene- 5- 1 $225
Vessels: ATOMS)... :bo- 2 eee eee aw eee
Power vessels over 5 tons..... 23} 85,128 peines; beach) }. 8.2 eee 4 1,250
NeEmOnnNare.. 202 5. scone 304. (20. 5 aye HATNOMS, » of tbo ne eRe BAD | io crete
Launches under 5 tons........] 1,364 | 329,700 (Gor UE rate) oY AS A et Bet 281 10,950
Boats, sail and row........... 930 | 27,800 Hathoms.-2.2 55.535) saee Bs o40) | are
Lighters and scows........... 7 5,310 Pound nets, driven........... 2] 15,000
Piledriverss 0s ..vicacdeeces 1 6,000 ‘Hrolimess 2. LOsTee jee 2,505 | 17,590
Rotalssee sah. od 5 se eee 940, 937

PrerRsons ENGAGED IN THE SALMON MiILp-CurING INDUSTRY OF SOUTHEAST ALASKA

IN 1917.
Occupations and races. No. Occupations and races. No.
Fishermen: Transporters:

RVTIETES sae cet ee cok Neck cnltbccoeee 1, 933 WIGS. oo sssescossessssstecsssss5e- 64
INdia VESes eae Oe 1. See tye Bel nia wee 1,000 INStIVESAud tees san ass* sco eee ae 2
MOBI Sih Ei os Aodecwe cotcdees = 2, 933 Totalineusascccnth erences sae 66
Shoresmen: Grand\totalscscesescsszaconnee 3,137

RUPSS.S: cen seks oo ho oe oe 106

DN MOS oe on ka iais sabe come succor teens 32

Dotal Ewe hoki sssed Sac 138

Propucts OF THE SALMON Miup-Curine INDUSTRY IN 1917.

‘Species. Tierces. | Pounds. Value.

Southeast Alaska:
IRRE eS BSTI ON epek Naaeeer = tee oe a eee ae ae So Seek ee Se RR 2,937 | 2,349,600 | $301,560
BONO IM One teres te eee ee ree re ne loan eee 327 261, 600 21, 590
imisa im ony ee oe tire ee ed SN PE TSS ak SRN 91 72,800 4,015
IS ACKESAIINOM a) coca e kook ee ney eae hob ee cisindcacicaclsaceeeeee 97 77,600 3,840
LAG) CHE TITEL nc Be ee ae Mie i siemens ee SEI a GRE Fore eee Saat 5 4,000 200
LECT EDU SOS SYS (ch cee pl Re ee ah ate oe 3,457 | 2,765,600 331,205
CentraleAlagka: Pcp isa BOM) 5 sotto ae eta ase aso aeecs cise cee 106 84,800 12,823
ch OUI rie Bis a ai PIRI ERS HT REND eRe 3,563 | 2,850,400 | 344,028

SALMON PICKLING.

Salmon pickling in Alaska in 1917 was carried on to a considerably
greater extent than in 1916. The industry shows material gains in
the number of salteries and in the investment. The production of
pickled salmon was also approximately 100 per cent greater than in
1916.

A total of 37 salteries were operated, of which the southeastern
district had 13, the central district 11, while the western district is
credited with 13. This is a gain of 11 for southeast Alaska and 6 for
western Alaska. The number in the central district is unchanged.
The increase for the entire territory was 17. Investments in 1917 were
$862,399, as against $340,887 in 1916, a gain of $522,512. The num-
ber of persons employed increased from 277 in 1916 to 509 in 1917.

Western Alaska continues to lead in the production of pickled
salmon, the bulk of the yield of reds coming from that district.

40) ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

Among the large operators may be mentioned the Alaska Packers
Association, Alaska Salmon Co., Libby, McNeill & Libby, Peter M.
Nelson, and Olson Bros., all of whom are established in the Bristol
Bay district.

In 1917 Alaska produced 36,390 barrels of pickled salmon, as
against 17,734 barrels in 1916. The value of the pack was $590,497,
an increase over 1916 of $377,830. According to these figures, the
average value per barrel was $16.20.

INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON Pickuina INDUSTRY IN 1917.

Southeast
Alaska.

Centra] Alaska. eee

No. Value. No. | Value. No. Value.
11 |$69, 514 13 |$129,018 37 1$260, 852
Bee 71,154 |........| 247,664

No. Value.
Saltentese tees soo eRe le et 13 |$62,320
Operating capital aes asceceee oe acmaleete sees 85, 462
Vessels:
Power vessels over 5 tons.....-.- 8 | 36,062
Neb tONnNaLE o.-25 cca ecen's LET |e csetecte
Launches under 5 tons........-- 6] 4,850
pot Liye SoBe Seep EOS nse O USO nSE Pecos ues secovete auesae|ayeees = 4| 47,000 4] 47,000
INE GiLONTALS 2s oes ca cena sas] See emee te mete ct fitteno mie cil meet ele
Boats, sail and row.....--...-..
Lighters and scows....-......--
Gear:
Haul S6ines'-= : 6. saasea teens

WALNOMIS Cee ece ten cca cence

Pound nets, driven... .
Pound nets, floating .....-......

PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE SALMON PicKLINna INDUSTRY IN 1917.

Occupations and races, a tlacend Pecks esters Total.
86 * 163
63 78
12 12
161 253
Shoresmen:

Wihitesiz iis ceils loosed ecitehsacicmb esse scmenee mee 59 74 154
NBTIVES tice occas cack polis nactaam sade smbea ent ell Dehocwiemes ate 42 52
Total saacasset went ctecssh oe cet deep eeeen bar 59 116 206

Transporters:
ILOS) cs pak beaacdeksacaee sMesreseaebsccEeeaeeaes 29 ll 49
WEUIVOS toes re, eee ee ccemuereaclteccccsatebee|) dl nepamess sacs 1
LOUD <2 ciciceee eas tenet cysts aves eupan sede na anes 29 ll 50
Grand totalin + osecccacpadebeceheewaaesstekuskaes 132 288 509

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 41

BARRELS 2 oF SALMON PICKLED IN 1917, BY SPECIES.

i

Product. ny Hae Central Alaska. ee Total.
No. Value.| No. Value. No. Value. No. Value,
Caliphon ailversee as. 2- 2.0": 1,387 |$22,275 | — 185 | $3,230 | 296 | $4,126 | 1,798 | $29,631
Coho Helliosa5 8 Aes ia Le 11 yA ke es 8 Pa ee | a oe es 2 11 326
Geant ena 959 | 11,948 | 512) 7,271 | 251 |""2;680 | 1,722] 21,899
@humsbellics (222 as a etd 15 300 42 630 16 432 7. 1,362
80.| 617 43| 516] 5,576 | 73,857
24 6 40 110 2,885
62] 1,157] 296] 5,384] 359] 67556
7 AF 0 ue PR aS i 150
Bed: or sockeye .-........22...-scc.. 50 | 92i'| 2,368 | 45,489 | 24,292 1406, 609 | 26,710 | 453, 019
HOMO CUIES es ae ee ee Re beak ee ea 22 770 2 42 24 812
Matar) A sete l dt PRS TY 7,960 |110,754| 3,302 | 59,914 | 25,128 [419,829 | 36,390 | 590,497

@ Barrels holding 200 pounds of fish.
SALMON FREEZING.

All plants equipped for the freezing of salmon are located at the
more important fishing centers in southeast Alaska, except one which
was built at Seward, in central Alaska, by the San Juan Fishing &
Packing Co. Those in southeast Alaska are owned and located as
follows: New England Fish Co. and Ketchikan Cold Storage Co.,
at Ketchikan; Booth Fisheries Co., at Sitka; Columbia & Northern
Fishing & Packing Co., at Wrangell; Juneau Cold Storage Co., at,
Juneau; Taku Canning & Cold Storage Co., at Taku Harbor; and the
Glacier Fish Co., at Petersburg and at Scow Bay, where the barge
Glory of the Seas was used as a cold-storage plant.

The output of frozen salmon in 1917 was 1,282,182 pounds, valued
at $81,574. This is an increase in production of 418,776 pounds and
in value of $47,166 over the figures reported in 1916.

One trap, valued at $2,500, and owned by the Juneau Cold Storage
Co., is credited to this branch of the industry.

SALMON FROZEN IN ALASKA IN 1917.

Species. Pounds. | Value.
Cahosalmon'. -3.<6 05) 2 ooo tases dept «eee eaters is thus seeceeeeerh- aes deb eeeeea 415,174 $24, 308
Rissa MON Ss - -— So tut ce cocoate ates can te tar as cone ce rine SEO ae eee oes eaten ae 302, 816 14,769
Himpbacksalinon( sist! bee eS eee hs ari ebay. Sse r tee ee 226, 253 9, 086
RSPAS SIO or ee 62.5 vine ak ape tea ales de ecee cams oatee tae peas cds ane etica cede aasostae te 301, 777 30, 460
OA IS UNG cert erse oe Slattae See clon sales stneee seeiten la va hacen ease ced su mn icisclataine marae chien 36, 162 2,951
MObalmemmats scat codecs cases neamenats oad wscecsencucncccutseeeresemaccacact 1, 282, 182 81, 574

FRESH-SALMON TRADE.

Customs records at Juneau show that 3,559,785 pounds of fresh
salmon were shipped from Alaska in 1917 and that the value of this
roduct was $304,048. This is an increase over the figures given
or 1916, when the production was 1,480,515 pounds of salmon,
valued at $118,316. The trade in fresh salmon fluctuates consider-
ably as the demand for salmon in the other industries may be great
or small. With the high prices paid for salmon at the canneries and
freezing plants, few operators found markets sufficiently attractive

~ 49 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

to justify the additional cost of preparing their fish fresh for ship-
ment. Those who made large shipments of fresh salmon from
Alaska were H. Bergman, at Ketchikan; National Independent Fish-
eries Co., at Juneau; Pacific Mild-Cure Co., at Waterfall; C. M. Coul-
ter, at Wrangell; Alaska Coast Fish Co., at Douglas; Glacier Fish
Co., at Petersburg; and Lars Hansen, at Kake.

Several of these companies are engaged in the fresh-salmon trade
only incidentally, as their major operations are along other lines.
This business shows, however, some investment in plants, boats,
and fishing apparatus; it also shows a considerable outlay in wages
paid to those employed in it.

INVESTMENT IN THE FRESH-SALMON TRADE OF SOUTHEAST ALASKA IN 1917.

Items. ae Value. Items. Nase Value.
Plantes eo vmct ee ofa case eeentec [Powe eee $8,670 || Seines, beach (500 fathoms) -....... 5 | $1,441
Operating Capitals 4. <.c-cs< peels bewe' 4s 31,500 || Seines, purse pee fathoms)...-... 1 880
MPOS Paid'.ccaec-ce.s De ebaeener | Seetne a 11,662 || Gill nets (575 fathoms) .......-.-- 4 480
Maunches ste betes AO. ote 5 | 15,200 |) Pound nets, driven.........-....- 3] 11,500
Rowboats dese. 200s te ctw ceeaws 6 119
BCOWSE ocr css ce eee eee hh Totals. 004 fsb de so ssas cb4] eee 81, 542

A total of 37 persons were employed by the concerns, engaged princi-
pally in the marketing of fresh salmon. Statistics are not available
to show the quantity of salmon that was used fresh locally, but it
may be estimated as having been 1,000,000 pounds, having a value
of $100,000. In view of the fact that fresh salmon are served through-
out the season in all leading restaurants and hotels in Alaska and on
all steamers plying along its coast, the above estimate may be too
conservative. A large quantity of fresh salmon was also consumed
at the various canneries and fisheries, which it would be desirable to
include in order that the fisheries might receive full credit for what
they produced.

DRY SALTING, DRYING, AND SMOKING OF SALMON.

In southeastern Alaska the Cross Sound Packing Co. of Alaska, at
Gull Cove, dry salted 1,500 pounds of red salmon, valued at $120,
and 53,100 pounds of humpback salmon, valued at $2,424. In cen-
tral Alaska the Kenai Fishing & Packing Co., at Eshamy Bay, dry
salted 100,000 pounds of red salmon, valued at $10,500. At Apokak,
in western Alaska, the Kuskokwim Fishing & Transportation Co.
dry salted 47,000 pounds of king salmon, valued at $4,700; 130,000
pounds of red salmon, valued at $11,700; and 40,000 pounds of coho
salmon, valued at $3,600.

The only reported drying and smoking of salmon was done by the
Beluga Whaling Co., at Three Mile "sage Cook Inlet. About 1,400
pounds of beleke, valued at $350, and 4,000 pounds of red salmon,
valued at $450, were prepared in this way and marketed in Alaska.

The Yukon River and its tributaries furnish large numbers of
salmon which are dried and smoked for local use by the Indians and
others, and as food for dogs. Accurate statistics of the number thus
used are not at present available, but it is known that hundreds of
tons of dried or smoked salmon are thus used. This source of food

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 43

is of vital importance and its continuance must be insured. Doubt-
less all of the large rivers that flow from the interior of Alaska con-
tribute some salmon for the sustenance of the people who live along
their banks, and were it possible to gather data showing the quantity
so consumed the production of the fisheries would be considerably
augmented.

eports have been received for a total in 1917 of 377,000 pounds
of salmon dry salted, dried, and smoked in Alaska, valued at $53,844.

SALMON BY-PRODUCTS.

The manufacture of oil and fertilizer from offal and waste material
at the salmon canneries was engaged in by the Fish Canners By-
Products Co. at Ward Cove, and the Pacific American Fisheries at
Excursion Inlet. The North Pacific Trading & Packing Co. did not
utilize any of the refuse from its cannery at Klawak in the prepara-
tion of by-products as formerly, and its plant was therefore not in
operation.

The investment in this industry in 1917 was $108,153, as com-
pared with $124,709 in 1916. Sixty-five men were employed in
this work in 1917, which is 10 less than the number employed in
1916. The value of the products was $61,873, an increase of $13,948
over the output in 1916.

Output In By-Propucts INDUSTRY IN ALASKA IN 1917.

Items. i Quantity.| Value.
OU Gh ee Se 52a She Ss SS ELS 5 S58 Peer a8 8 822 oe Bees gallons..| 25,150 | $19,560
WOrtiliZenn <5 woo - seiein s eine nin as ec acen nnn ene e enn anc en- sn senecescarees---= tons... 821 42,313
Total... 20-22-2222 22 een ee cenn seen ce ence ne teen ecw eee n eee eee n ce efe eens cesee 61, 873

HALIBUT FISHERY.

The halibut fishery of Alaska comes next to the salmon fishery in
quantity and value of product. The halibut fishery off the coast
of Alaska is conducted chiefly upon seven fishing grounds, which,
in the order of their location from east to west, are generally desig-
nated as follows: Noyes Island, Coronation Island, Cape Spencer,
Yakutat, Yakataga, Cape Cleare, and Portlock Bank. All of these
localities are visited by the larger vessels of the halibut fleet, the
Yakutat grounds and Portlock Bank producing probably the bulk
of the catch delivered at Puget Sound and British Columbia ports.
The smaller vessels as a rule frequent the inshore grounds of south-
east Alaska, and deliver their catches principally at Alaskan ports,
although the larger of these boats often go to Prince Rupert.

As for several years past, vexing problems in connection with con-
flicting American and Canadian interests in the Pacific coast halibut
fishery have continued to occur. Some American interests have felt
that the trend of the halibut trade toward Prince Rupert has been
caused by unwarranted activities that demanded and justified prompt
and decisive action lest Canada profit greatly at the expense of this
country. Upon the other hand, Canadian interests have no doubt
felt that they were within their rights in taking advantage of trans-

44 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

continental railroad terminal facilities at Prince Rupert, nearer some
of the pera fishing grounds than other important railroad
centers, to build up as large a trade as possible in the halibut industry.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

The investment in the halibut industry in Alaska was $2,200,987
in 1917 as compared with $2,149,311 in 1916, an increase of $51,676.
The number of persons employed in this fisher declined from 1,116
in 1916 to 909 in 1917, the difference havin Bau absorbed by the
salmon industry and credited to it. The halibut fisheries produced
a total of 13,153,411 pounds, valued at $1,120,226. This is an
increase of 1,657,854 pounds over the production in 1916. In a
comparison of the selling price of halibut by independent fishing
vessels at the ports of Seattle, Prince Rupert, and Ketchikan, it
appears that the average price per pound received by the fishermen
eorenainas the year was 9} cents at Ketchikan, 124 cents at Prince
Rupert, and 15} cents at Seattle. The average price at Petersburg
was probably not higher than 7} or 8 cents per pound. The Ketchi-
kan figures are based on prices paid in January, February, March,
June, August, and September. Gudtetions for the other months are
not reported, but it is improbable that the general average would be
materially changed by their inclusion. Prices for the months named
ranged from 12} cents in February to 7 cents in March.

Prices for Prince Rupert are for the entire year and are 33} per
cent higher than in Alaska. The highest price was 18} cents per
pound in October, and the lowest 7 cents in March.

Seattle prices averaged 662 per cent higher than those at Ketchikan.
In 1917 halibut sold at 8 cents per pound in May and 30 cents in
September.

The total catch of halibut on the Pacific coast was approximately
60,000,000 pounds, of which probably 30,000,000 pounds were taken
from the grounds contiguous to the coast of Alaska. Available sta-
tistics show, however, that only a little more than 13,000,000 pounds
was credited to Alaska. Undoubtedly a large part of the halibut
delivered at Prince Rupert is also taken on these grounds, so that the
estimate as above given is substantially correct.

Those chiefly engaged in the halibut industry in Alaska in 1917
were the Alaska Coast Fish Co., at Douglas; Booth Fisheries Co., at
Sitka; Columbia & Northern Fishing & Packing Co., at Wrangell;
Glacier Fish Co., at Petersburg and at Scow Bay, where the barge
Glory of the Seas was used as a floating cold-storage plant; Juneau
Cold Storage Co. and National Independent Fisheries do. at Juneau;
Taku Canning & Cold Storage Co., at Taku Harbor; New England
Fish Co. and Washington Fish & Oyster Co., at Ketchikan; and the
San Juan Fishing & Packing Co., at Seward. Buyers for the Ripley
Fish Co. were located at Petersburg and Ketchikan.

The New England Fish Co. suffered the loss of the steamer Man-
hattan off Cape Spencer during a severe storm on November 15, 1917.
This vessel (134 tons net) was valued at $125,000.

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 45

INVESTMENT IN THE ALASKA HaAtisut FISHERIES rw 1917.

Num-

Items. bert Value. Items, ipeiee Value
Fishing vessels: Dories and scowSs.............-- 299 | $18,800
Steamer and gas.............- 136 | $954,090 || Fishing apparatus..............].-.-.-.- 57,105
MONTIAZO Sec oes sosden <avae 24030) ||2 94 4eee = Shore and fixed property.......].------- 265, 100
Sailing. 22-2. oene-s.eecee-e-- 1| 153,000 Eo ee
HOMME LO eich deeb canary o- 20400 | eee Bape PL OLS lrenutentselslcsiniteiecinee | peer 2, 200, 987
UAMNCNES Se asceseeessse esas 3 2, 892
Outhte Aaa ees Boneless -ase|e eine 750, 000
PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE ALASKA Hatrput FISHERIES IN 1917.
Races Number
SILOS EE eens coe cee toe acetone ce tieserees ceca vise maic aise lo slammnmppeainon -wissatis aeicinesieneonns 899
NIVES tec teccarc cas cscec ce cecanacaeUmer Met ccs asiesescanecas sess manasa ate ee eee cewenee 10
Motalececte cases eocss sc eeparccicemctsas -etaccams accdnanelesdcsietecetemeccccccocececsceccten 909
Propucts oF THE ALASKA HaAtisut FisHEery In 1917.
Products. Pounds. Value.
Halibut: .
PCS ANCUMCING ROM OCA) cst ene ca. hres tein Se Name Sesnic wisiee oeiam cas aaat catece ec 7, 038, 283 $605, 205
re N Le Seen es he ee ee te Sate aiayas ae siclarsia te aeinete acrieta siatae/ cla a teratcte tae mtatete ee es Ores 6,115, 128 515, 021
Topalss assets SREB E OnaSabteceabsd pee nOe RE aEae Stop St Gane Sse cPeAGe Sup rapaE 13,153,411 | 1,120,226

The following additional statistics of the Pacific halibut industry
were submitted by E. J. Brown, local agent of the Bureau at Seattle,

who, in January, 1918, visited the important halibut fishing centers
of Alaska and British Columbia:

Hauisut LAnpines at PrincipAt Ports or THE Norta Paciric, 1912 to 1917.

Ports. 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 Total.
Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds.
Seattlessssis-5--- 27,246,100 | 29,916,500 | 35,520, 400 | 27,906, 473 | 16,152,135 | 15,872,000 | 152,613,698
Ketchikan........ 6,806,003 | 8,744,850] 6,305,175 | 5,226,840} 4,107,311 | 4,008,000 | 35,198,179
Brince Hinperts.s2|...22s%. «cs 7,329,755 | 8,742,100 | 18,722,877 | 19,278,395 | 18,140,000 | 72,204,127

Vancouver, Brit-
ish Co:umbia. ..| 16,550,000 | 8,833,500} 6,868,500 | 8,986,000 | 6,853,900 | 5,162,000 | 53,253,000

Total....... 50, 602,103 | 54,815,605 | 57, 436,175 | 60,842,190 | 46,390,841 | 43,182,000 | 313, 268, 914

46

ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

Pounps or Ha.iput LANDED BY OFFsHORE FISHING FLEET AT PRINCE RupERT,
British CotumBiA, Durinc YEAR 1917, SHow1ne ReEcerpts By VARIOUS. Firms
FROM INDEPENDENT AND COMPANY-OWNED VESSELS.

Canadian Fish & | National

Atlin Fisheries
Cold Storage Co. Inde- Royal Pacific (Ltd.).
Months endent | Fish Co. | Fisheries
‘ isheries| (inde- | Co. (inde-

e Inde- Com- (inde- /pendent)./pendent).| Inde- Com-

pendent.| pany. |pendent). pendent.| pany.
VANUATY =< ..- ou. deccescaenesee 635000" Pee e eee
February...... 70; 000) «50sec
March.... 218, 000 105, 000
April. 485,000 |..........
BVots coecsecact sassasee sae 535, 500 20, 000
JUNOS a ccamcssecce cues eee 860,000 | 468,000 29, 000 SOOO) eee eee 402,000 |..........
a [1 §5a eS RaSH SUE A ee Bc 1,042,000 | 370,000 |.........- 134,000 | 109,000] 327,000 |..........
UTE GSIS foal Hg ae eee aT oot 744,000 | 280,000} 31,000 E 50,000 | 298,000 |.........-
Septomban. tics betes a isee sce. 768,000 | 312,000 |.........- 14090) 2b eee: 22 252, 000 16, 000
OY ral ae ne See 469,000 | 179,000 |........-- 78;000"| -czsesee2 35,000} 111,000
Navembor 225) 25) SE es 595,000 | 238,000 |.........- 40/000 E22 cesenc 78,000 |... o.2ecee
December ha es 1875 000"| /27220007/b2 52252222 2000!| kis ich ee
Motal See tie ees 7, 718, 000 |3, 226,000 | 90,000} 592,000] 749,500 |2,758,500 | 252,000

Booth Fisheries Co.
Months. a = ae = oe
cet | Company. ea Company.

PVANUAGY Kc one ceases Sivas cna alow a traeete meyewtew 44,000 438, 000 144, 000 582, 000
MAD GIarY sce sto cinta epee = Se cleceen clon 8, 000 440, 000 92, 000 532, 000
MANCH. sescheeiaactas Ste sche beat cebnenee 206, 000 1,126, 000 1, 437, 000
ADM a sacctwcacercckatecten es cmcuees sean 271,000 1, 770, 000 2,011, 000
Vidar win icrels slatac esteiomeioacls isle de aactet 380, 000 2, 249, 000 2, 800, 000
June. . 357, 000 1, 776, 000 2, 299, 000
DULY Sen ceccces ch teen cn coe rosa eeen Se 422, 000 2, 034, 000 2, 404, 000
STIG LISH ASE TE cdse he Be Re SSE ol OY 286, 000 |. 1, 749, 000
SOpLeM bers c. oss eprgico decade scce dgemccche 253, 000 1, 682, 000
October ssi fe ASL. se UGS. eee 153, 000 1,025, 000
INDFOMDOItE. 2-2. aac ace eccbe tose eee 102, 000 1,048, 000
December. 2 ecco cee ce cece sec cco naaeeee 110,000 571,000
Total ween heccoss cee stiacccsteteset 2, 592, 000 18, 140, 000

PurcHASES oF HERRING Bair aT KETCHIKAN BY CANADIAN HALIBUT VESSELS IN

1917.
Date. Name of vessel. Pounds. Date. Name of vessel. Pounds

Jan. 3 | Chief Seugaid@............... 10,000 |} Oct. 23 | Grier Sterretta............... 7,130
TS Wek UOEOUS sco care cures <n 4,000 25 | Chief Zibassa @ .... 22.2... cece 8,020

30 | Chief Zibassa@ -.............. 12;305'}/\Nov: 8 |G. BE. Foster@. itil eee 10, 340

Feb. 23 | Chief Seugaid@............... 40, 000 11 | Andrew Kelly@.............. 10, 000
Mar. 7 | Grier Sterretta............... 6, 000 14 | James Carruthers@........... 10, 000
Tuly.15,)| Carlotte,G. Cox. oo seccccesece 13, 840 21 | Chief Zibassa@ ...........-..- 12, 000
Oct: “6 | ‘Grier Sterrett@ -. <5 ..50.. 28... 7, 200 16;| Sitka @.. 4.2. s-cncwaesbaos< ese 10, 000
8.| King: Salmon. sctcecesesseess 1, 500 30} DuG.-ENorlinwcses<esetccee 16, 000

10 | Chief Seugaid@ ............... 5, 300 30 || (Sumner @]2- soewecesecnes oscce 7, 090

D7 Mareanicaeesectascessnecse Ws op Dec. Wo Grae Mostenturccccecce. ccs ce 10, 090

17 | Andrew Kellya.............. 10,1 2 | Andrew Kellya.............. 10, 000
DANG. Hl. OSUBE Gen scemacecoccces 10, 035 5 | James Carruthers@ ........... 10, 080

21" CaveeON esse i ccckaceeneccce 1, 500 AD WISINES (WAYytotec ct cccccsecsees 10, 000

22 | Carlotte G. Cox........ “eo 8, 050 10): sBitke Go Facet vce es deanpeceae 4,020

« Owned and operated by the Canadian Fish & Cold Storage Co,

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 47
COD FISHERY.

The quantity of cod produced in Alaska in 1917 was hardly equal
to that of the preceding year, but in value it greatly exceeded the
output of 1916. At times during the year the demand for Alaska cod
was greater than the supply, and there was some fear that the catch
would be extremely light, with a correspondingly serious effect upon
the trade.

Ordinarily the demand for cod in the West Indies must be reckoned
with in any distribution of the supply, but, fortunately perhaps, there
was no call from that quarter until much later than usual, as some
importations had been made from Nova Scotia and Labrador. The
resulting surplus thus opened the way for the development of mar-
ketsin South America. The Hawaiian Islands and Australia received
a part of the cod products of Alaska.

VESSEL FISHERY.

The Northern Fisheries (Inc.), of Anacortes, is the only new con-
cern to engage in the vessel cod fishery of Alaskain 1917. It operated
the auxiliary schooner Progress (115 tons) in fishing off the Alaskan
coast from the Shumagin Islands to the westward, and also as a trans-
porting vessel for the station at Kodiak. The schooner Fortuna (138
tons), operated by the Pacific Coast Codfish Co. in 1916, did not go
to. Alaska in 1917. The Alaska Codfish Co. added one vessel, the
schooner S. N. Castle (464 tons net), to its fleet.

AuasKa Cop FLeet, 1917.

Names. Rig. Nhat Operators.

INTE SS Eee cor Schooner.......... 327 | J. A. Matheson, Anacortes, Wash.

Fanny Dutard -----........-.+---|-...- dOw.- 2... 2.20. 252 Do.

WiGiWONS ae eens sara ot ce eeseeet <|sce5 (fig Seer aeeeee 413 Robinson. Fisheries Co., Anacortes,
ash.

Alice....-. Pale dddddddaniedeban ces asiey sce do 220 Do.

UGliba OPER Ra Pee Roa aeeonscer! Bore 235 Paciie Coast Codfish Co., Seattle,
ash.

Gharlesh Wilsons. 05 sesccecess|are oe é 328 Do.

Maid of Orleans. .---- <2. 25 -sece=|-- ams 171 Do.

Glendaleesceccsaccesqacenorn anaes lomeee 281 | Alaska Codfish Co., San Francisco, Cal.

EA ae sic inn a ope 'aanisisieinsinie= = <i) c/cte a= 266 Do.

City of Papeete @.--.........-....|....- seeee E 370 Do.

DESWVECINS Been spice dens oBode sss 4| sen » 5 392 Do.

GH Gastie S208. 21'S. Sftl oes. Fle : F 464 Do.

BEAU O sen eietce es et an deecaces= =| a aaer . 324 | Union Fish Co., San Francisco, Cal.

GRA eae anna g a's Sea penscesss|sence d 223 Do.

Ganlee oop - bes fg- a5 22be003|- 2320 328 Do

NEA a ee es oP an a cine s Gin] se sini 14 Do

Golden State ©. 233 Do.

Pirates. 22. 30 Do.

Union Hae: 2.2... < 7 Do.

IPEORICGS Omsemsceeranaces sa escesss| cere a 115 eo Fisheries (Inc.), Anacortes,
ash.

AS RTH CLS oe ea eee (Bare OOnacccdacscee 60 Do.

Valders sear a eat ries se os alee ss aewsescrsivese 10 Do.

Harold Blokpm ye. $21. ih...ccsces. Schooner.......... 192 Do.

Chas ™Browiltfse-—s-enssccdsseeccelsoe == DO foesesecs sue 64 Do.

a Transporting vessel for shore stations; also made one fishing voyage.
> Transporting vessel.

¢ Transporting vessel; also made two fishing voyages.

4 Wrecked Aug. 30, 1917.

@ Wrecked Mar. 3, 1917.

48 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.
SHORE STATIONS.

Three companies, engaging in fishery business in southeast Alaska,
are to be noted among the operators of cod shore stations incidental
to their salmon and halibut operations. They are the New England
Fish Co., at Ketchikan; Taku Canning & Cold Storage Co., at Taku
Harbor; and Advance Fisheries Co., at Craig. The central district
shows several additional operators. The following in this district
handled cod, either as incidental to other lines or as their chief
business: Columbia River Packers’ Association, at Chignik; Kadiak
Fisheries Co., and Northern Fisheries (Inc.), at Kodiak; Gus Ohm,
at Cordova; San Juan Fishing & Packing Co., at Seward; W. J.
Riegel, at Uyak Bay; Shumagin Packing Co. and John H. Nelson
at Squaw Harbor; Pacific American Fisheries, at King Cove; Dee
Sea Codfish Co., at Unga; N. H. Johnson, at Snug Harbor; Nort
Pacific Sea Products Co., at Akutan; Alaska Codfish Co., at Kelleys
Rock and Unga on Unga Island, Companys Harbor and Murphys
Cove on Sannak Jsland, and Dora Harbor on Unimak Island; Union
Fish Co., at Pirate Cove on Popof Island, Unga on Unga Island,
Sanborn Harbor and Eagle Harbor on Nagai Island, Northwest
Harbor on Herendeen Island, Pavlof Harbor and Johnson Harbor
on Sannak Island, and Tigalda Lagoon on Tigalda Island; Akutan
Codfish Co., at Akutan; Pacific American Fisheries at Makushin and
Port Moller; and the Nelson Lagoon Packing Co., at Nelson Lagoon.

The Pacific American Fisheries and the Nelson Lagoon Packing
Co. experimented further in the canning of cod by packing 2,070
cases of 1-pound flat cans and 567 cases of one-half-pound flat cans.

The Northern Fisheries (Inc.), lost two vessels during the year, the
first being the schooner Harold Blekum (192 tons net), which
was wrecked in Ugak Bay, Kodiak Island, on March 3, 1917. This
vessel was valued at $15,000. ‘The second loss occurred on August
30, when the auxiliary schooner Hunter (60 tons net), struck a rock
off Sutwik Island and foundered immediately. This vessel was
valued at $10,000, and was returning to Kodiak from a fishing voyage
to western waters. Three fishermen were drowned and one was
accidentally killed while engaged in this industry.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

The Alaska codfish industry shows an investment of $1,408,265,
which is an increase of $844,053 over 1916. A total of 795 persons
were employed, as compared with 778 in 1916.

This fishery produced a total of 13,777,470 pounds of cod, valued
at $744,976. This is a decrease of 524,894 pounds in production, and
an increase of $226,179 in value.

INVESTMENT IN THE Cop FISHERY IN ALASKA IN 1917.

Items. i ce Value. Ttems. Value.
Value of shore stations. ........-|....-.-- $126, 843 || Vessels—Continued:
Operating capital .< -oiot cos ccccclecaccsan 949, 014 NGAUS, TOW nes ssnetuasemenste $18, 265
Vessels: AIG GTIVEIS..5-ccetmepcensaue 2 250
Power vessels over 5 tons. .. 5 67, 817 || Apparatus: Hand lines 1,776
Net tonnage.....-...... OBS ie eeeeeen
Launches under 5 tons...... 13 13, 000 OVALS SS esan scenes censa| sae eonee 1, 408, 265
Sailing vessels...........200 17 231, 300
Net tonnage = (iss. cecnel) 4) O52, |owocconcenl

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 49

Persons ENGAGED IN THE ALASKA Cop FisHery In 1917.

Occupations and races. Number. Occupations and races. Number.
Fishermen: Transporters: Whites ~ 7252-25 -.<..5--- 20
\WISIGG AeA RE Re oecaeoce SoC pCO ree 695 _——
INVES See ae eee bonnie oe ce css 36 Grandiotall- <<<. cc q-seseeeesineiee 795
SR at a Nene este iaatale =<] Slnisiniemors)=ninl= 731 ||
Shoresmen:
VLG S ames cas enna innin ste mio einini win ofa 40
IALIVOSHTeneee trees seliedeinse sete 4
iMoy iN SSeS SOS Ra ree SS Sa aa 44

Propucts oF ALASKA Cop FiIsHEry IN 1917.

Products. Pounds. Value. Products. Pounds. Value.
Vessel catch: Canned:
Dry-salted cod......----| 9,825,044 | $541, 280 In 4-pound flats (567
PiGkIOd COd—2... eea= esi 417, 256 17, 240 CaSeS) sis 27 eases Se 13, C08 $2, 338
TRONGUES-~.5 cer sw eee eee 16, 800 1, 440 In 1-pound flats (2,070
a Canoe) Rise iet eres fer 99, 360 12, 420
Tha} 2 We aes ae 10,259,100 | 559, 910
: - Totalke SR oe 112, 968 14, 758
Shore-station catch: ee LY
Dry-salted cod........-- 2,137. 534 94,167 || Total:
Pickled! cod=*22'42--)-6.2 968, 438 57, 666 Dry-salted cod 11, 962, 578 635, 397
Siac snshieee es cnee ss ae "69, 200 12, 400 Pickled cod. 1,385,694 74, 906
DOM PHes eee e ct See 6, 400 480 Stockfish.. 69, 200 12, 400
IRTOVONEY Gort sea secbh a 223, 830 5, 595 Tongues... 200 1, 920
| Frozen cod Si 223, 830 5,595
Rota s2 a8 ames mt 3, 405, 402 170, 308 Wanried sete c i esaende cae 112,968 14,758

Totalkeotsenoese es 13,777,470 | 744,976

HERRING FISHERY.

By reason of the lessened importation of pickled herring from
abroad, consequent upon the extraordinary demand for such
products in other countries, American consumers could not be sup-
plied to the full extent of their demands. In order to stimulate
production, and to enable the packers to prepare a commodity accept-
able to the general trade and thus in a measure offset the shortage
of imported herring, the Government secured the services of Aug.
H. D. Klie, a recognized expert in the preparation of herring by the
Scotch cure. Early in May, 1917, he was sent to Alaska, which was
regarded as the most promising field for exploitation and develop-
ment, and was authorized to make such demonstration of the Scotch
method and give such instruction to designated assistants as would
enable them to aid and encourage herring packers in southeast and
central Alaska, where operations were chiefly carried on.

Directions in printed form were mailed early in the season to all
companies and individuals who were known to be interested in any
phase of the Alaskan fisheries, and their cooperation was requested
in making a determined effort to utilize a much neglected food fish,
thus increasing food supplies and lightening the drain on other meat
supplies so urgently needed abroad in the commissariat of the army
of this and allied countries.

As special assistants to Mr. Klie, William P. Studdert, Clarence
L. Anderson, and Donald R. Crawford were sent to Alaska, and

99805°—19 17

50 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

after acquiring a thorough practical working knowledge of the

Scotch method of curing herring, a process previously unknown in
Alaska, they proceeded to separate districts to render aid and give

ractical demonstrations and instructions to interested persons. Mr.
Crawford was assigned to the southeastern district, Mr. Anderson to
the Prince William Sound region, with headquarters at Cordova, and
Mr. Studdert devoted most of his attention to the important Cook
Inlet section, centering at Seldovia.

The efforts of the Government along this line were met in a com-
mendable manner by two of the large companies interested in the
fisheries of Alaska—the Alaska Herring & Sardine Co. and the Alaska
Pacific Herring Co., both at Port Walter. These two companies
packed several hundred barrels of Scotch-cured herring. Smaller
operators manifested a willingness to follow the Scotch cure, and
encouraging results were obtained. The greater part of the herring

ickled in Alaska in 1917 was prepared, however, according to the

orwegian formula. This may be due to the fact that it requires
less work to pack herring in this way. Moreover, no particular style
of barrel is required, whereas the packing of herring by the Scotch
cure involves more labor and care and requires a special barrel, but
a better article and one that the trade demands is obtained. It was
to meet the needs of the market and stimulate the production of a
highly desirable aquatic food that the Government inaugurated the
‘campaign to establish the Scotch-cure method of preparing herring in
Alaska. Asa direct result of this work, 1,877,450 pounds, or 7,622 bar-
rels, of herring were Scotch cured in Alaska in 1917, as compared with
nothing previously. At the same time 13,576 barrels were packed
by the Norwegian method.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

In 1917 the investment in the herring fishery of Alaska was
$562,002, as compared with $509,046 in 1916. This is a very credit- .
able showing when viewed in connection with the fact that the invest-
ments of the Alaska Herring & Sardine Co. and the Alaska Pacific
Herring Co. are now included in the investments in the salmon in-
dustry, since both companies made considerable packs of canned
salmon. The number of persons engaged was 214, as compared with
392 in 1916. The products were valued at $767,729, as compared
with $418,076 in 1916, the gain being $349,653.

INVESTMENT IN THE HERRING FISHERY OF ALASKA IN 1917.

|
Items. Southeast Alaska.| Central Alaska. | Western Alaska. Total.

No. Value. No. Value. No. Value. No. Value.

Plants operated .....-..------ 7 | $100, 700 5 | $107,340 2 $5, 800 14] $213,840
Operating/capital- sesps------|seoceee = Vad O8%e| cmewinnies 80;,083 |-c-tes ee 9; 100.}. 2. 4.ee 266, 270
Vessels:
Power vessels over 5 tons. 6 19, 300 2 13, 000 1 850 9 33, 150
Not tannare-..cte-- |) 176 ¢lonnteeteecibe. Wo |= sn no eee peer nae cele 214 |. eee
Launches under 5 tons. -. fs 4 5, 100 1 800 8 9,700
Boats, row and seine. .... 18 2,350 32 2,830 4 375 54 5, 555
Lighters and scows...---. 6 4, 750 9 7,912 1 250 16 12,912
Piledriversys fests 2e.22- 2 1, 500 1 W800 aoe bod emcee er 3 2,700
Gear:
Beinies. 222. ccaskeeseeeet 14 10, 600 7 2,300 1 350 22 13, 250
Hathoms:ccewessneas 1, 830 |------.--- 500) | os :. 2c Hale ose ke bse 2} 440M EELE sek 3
Gill neta ss ee Fee ee seal as -'- as | ee erecteiet ate 96 3,905 32 720 128 4,625
Hathomisinectieeeo.ca| se. selss dss be coe AFOOD. |i 24. sae. OTOH Rego ie FAY) | ee

LT

‘

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. Bl.

PerRsoNS ENGAGED IN THE ALASKA HERRING FISHERY IN 1917.

Occupations and races. Number. Occupations and races. Number.
Fishermen: SHoresmien:iWiHites. 4... ecdseueeeeesac = 27
Whites..... 98 SSS
Naii.es. 79) trams ponters: Whites: ..s2scc-ss-seee ees 9
Chinese 1 | SS SSS
Granditotal. .<.ecjecactatseueceees 214

GERAIS Acceso cosoeecesesSeset sess 178

Propucts or ALASKA HERRING FISHERY IN 1917.

Products. Quantity. | Value.
Herring:

EV S AEG MOL LOOM. = cases a acineeeeeantet ne se cices cine aneticils el ae pounds. . 165, 000 $11, 349
Pees HOM OO Meee satan ates nislniss nitetete sae eal = Seem, = cin ieee celeb GOzsa. 6, 000 480
IPAGGL, Ta 0s iS ae eeS pec OCCUODro ctnoS “10> Boe POSE EORSGEOCG. sHeUE Monae do....| 2,093, 600 25,735
IROZEN TOR LOO. .<.~.<.2c0%s oe tenen nies ats SIME oss sae Ma cae eee eas dose 17, 082 427
DR MAEre, SP ORT Tice Boe Sor Seem ocd act BoSaooromernte cape erO: Onepocecocaes do....| 3,996, 180 31, 821
fereiglends far foods: Sa ea ee wcaictae (tea Cale ote tasesen ie barrels... @ 21,198 248, 299
@anned:. =... = + sahedasd Aa RBar cen oe e One me: ORE eno E Eco DeenCnbes ae Cases... b 49, 245 326, 522
PLE OT TOU secs esac ceo cae tate hoe oe Mae on Se ce ee oe ee eee pounds... 21, 600 700
(1G So secant BEE SS AS Ca SCS Sdn UECIC nae GSE Cree AT SSe Be Sree more ance gallons. . 205, 992 82, 396
Dayo WAR = eso eb goons Joe cone deena oo coceose spare cece sce Sones Ioc tons... 1, 037 40, 000

SR Te oe me aD OSCE TORSO Re GOCE: BB COE SOC SO CORSE SSE RAN DOR AeA C ROR O es eae Ser aacee 767, 729

@ Includes 6,521 barrels, of 250 pounds, and 1,091 half barrels, of 125 pounds, of Scotch-cured herring.
b Includes 8,557 cases, of one-half-pound oval cans at 96 cans per case, and 7,370 cases, of one-half-pound
ovals at 48 cans per case.

WHALE FISHERY.
SHORE STATIONS.

The United States Whaling Co., at Port Armstrong, and the North
Pacific Sea Products Co., at Akutan, continued as the principal
operators in the whaling industry. The Beluga Whaling Co.,. at
Beluga River, was the only other concern to engage in whaling, but its
activities were confined to the capture of belugas, or white whales,
in Cook Inlet. In the past similar operations were carried on near
Nome by Nygren & Torkensen, but there is no record that they
operated in 1917.

The United States Whaling Co. operated the steamers Star I (133
tons), Star IJ and Star III (97 tons each), in whale killing as formerly.
The North Pacific Sea Products Co., in addition to the steamers
Kodiak and Unimak (99 tons each), and the Tanginak (71 tons), also
operated the power schooner Halcyon (61 tons), as a whaling vessel,
while the barge Fresno (1,149 tons) was again used as a transporting
vessel.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

The investment in the whaling industry in Alaska in 1917 was
$1,609,926, an increase of $518,455 over 1916. A total of 162 persons
was employed as against 233 in 1916. The value of the product was
$654,852, which is a gain of $291,131 over 1916. Shore-station opera-
tions resulted in the capture of 423 whales, which is 34 more than the
take of the previous year.

52 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

WHALES TAKEN IN SHORE OPERATIONS IN 1917.

Species. Number. | Species. Number.
| :
TB OWDO RU! ao si-tareatalcielaicteeseieeeieeeletetataales DQ Beluga bcs otic ap etaitinsine cece senate 9
AGRI See hook Se Uo oe Seema sin ee teeiare Loa I MOUMCLS. sncmwdieclam sine ae censors e eae eee 26
GMD DAC Kiss siacotae tetra ctor ararerarete atatels elaterete 44 | —————
Siphor-bottom=- 0 d<piae lesen nano 138 | Total cc sadaacaacmevbcwadnem ose 423
PIPOLIN |= wo toralraturdarlerrdtatale’slaistelstadereianicisie © 51 |

Items. Number.| Value. | Items. Number.| Value.

Vessels: 1) Pile) drivershses access ceca a 1 $100
SHOAMMGrSH oo tee jesse sinc 8 | $292,500 || Seines...... Mc aiacsethacaemms 14 6, 000
Net tonnage. ......... 6625 eee ene 1): (GUIS 2/ rece teem mere neta eee 5 5, 625

Bare bie eea tellers cit 1 30)000)}| Value. of plants 4 Je sce -.21000|oaemeeeeene 492, 000
Net tonnage.......... W149) sete share Cash capitals s3ccs2. ecoss s-taalseeemenome 644, 300
Launches under 5 tons.... 4 ASGO0 ii} IVAZES AICS. sas cries seer ea 2 Ueo ae 132, 141
BOaUS NOW seeds .-=(c are seen 4 260 Sy SaaeaEneEEEEiEEEeeT
DCOWSs eis aeescecuuescccers 4 2, 100 Dotalusescce Cited Pee eee 1, 609, 926

PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE SHORE WHALE FISHERY IN ALASKA IN 1917.

Number.
188
30
44
262
Propucts or ALASKA SHORE WHALING OPERATIONS IN 1917.

Products. Quantity.| Value.
GUVIN IG Olgas Settee Sesion eine set wioteem ais eaiats wie wiele ate wisinje'eieis ela aimiainie Gl eieieie aleve gallons... 900, 883 $438, 362
SpermlOil. . - 2... cece eccn ewww w er we resem e enna css cc ence ccecesncesceuee == do....| 197,670 149, 270
TE UNAS Seah Ae Se AR eee Seon estes Ider asece ss scs creas Oe Sad soc pounds. .} 1,668, 000 47,380
Lean ita teal sf) shee seancerpecbcace rode SritcedoL ce Ucoo neorasenasursseaeera ser ic do....| 312,600 14, 340
Whalebone. . ..-- +2020 222 eec eee e cece eee e eee eee e eee een eee eens eee ee dozess 14, 866 5, 500
Popals sc Avadsaltide LG, sabes etude usbect ai ston seohhe Lecitad dec wecs Woe eels eee tent .| 654, 852

CLAM FISHERY.

The clam industry of Alaska is centered at Cordova, where two
canneries were operated in 1917, one each by the Pioneer Packing
Co. and the Lighthouse Canning Co., which latter concern was
formerly known as the Lighthouse Canning & Packing Co. This was
the first company to undertake clam canning at Cordova, operations
having been started in improvised quarters in 1916. Before the
digging season opened in 1917 a new building 50 by 100 feet was
erected, to which the machinery was transferred.

Early in 1917 the Alaska Sea Food Co. acquired the one-line cannery
built in 1916 near Point Whitshed, about 9 miles east of Cordova,
and began canning operations in March. On April 4, after about 400
cases had been packed, the cannery was destroyed by fire. Recon-
struction began immediately, and a modern plant was soon erected

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 53

and equipped with one line of machines, but operations were not
resumed.

The Pinnacle Rock Packing Co., also a new concern, erected some
small buildings at Boswell Bay and made other preparations for
canning clams. Operations, however, were not commenced. The
Kadiak Fisheries Co. packed a few cases of butter clams at Kodiak,
and a few were also packed in southeast Alaska at Sitka by the Sitka
Packing Co.

This industry shows an investment of $294,987, which is a gain of
$137,044 over 1916. It gave employment to 226 persons, as com-
pared with 78 in 1916. A total of 74,515 cases were packed, as
against 10,093 cases in 1916. The value of the clam products was
$274,036, as compared with $35,622 in 1916, an increase of $238,414
for 1917.

INVESTMENT IN THE CLAM-CANNING INDUSTRY IN ALASKA IN 1917.

Items. Number.| Value.

MOATTORIOS OPOLATCE Hs 2h coco ice sence Va je eR acini a cinisia suis dow sine Beate a ete momeeaos aels 2 $51, 242

RON NATIPACHUTICA enya Ste sartamarak hicks tise eter aah aele Batata open cree alcret lek eerste As iete esis [lode wale wisi 126, 850

\WOT EGS 1010 le A SE ICR OO SE Be OM rie SAB MO OE SSS. CECE BOP Ore Sen ote et teiel [Cree esc 97, 200
Vessels:

AO META AUOTLS 6 ONC Eire at Yoakam lela mt ainrarsalsie = De cicle loners ewieita seein e weisisiseime sea 1 6, 586

PROT AIC eae a meee a tinea aemiah ose cncne sea sasmincainsmc wise cic celjanimmanciga 25il| ase sne =

Launches under 5 tons...... 11 7,493

Rowboats and skiffs.....- ze 46 4,708

COWS eet A ye em Shree ML URE he eee onl sara verahaiciavsaate Oieidlarclota knojalseinieimaya 1 908

PG UAL. ycisae sateen eee ease aeons a setineanss agate seme cebboeeldw ea eas tee I saben 294, 987

Occupations and race. Number.

PA SEMET ANN EIUCSE elas iocntet Soke eo cu da cet le veces shwtcsacabas se chine ast Lce seek seat h2 158
DHATCUMPTICRN VOILE Ss 5 ERs. seb bas Seo ahciaoQareca ties oue Set mae de dh Pawistea ea pinlee due asicice tus Soma sachs 65
ALS PULLCLS MN LILES a enc teeteicinsmccancc cee s Sseccce anincnecatea ¢otecselecsubebeccteccseaeswceeoce 3
Rotali eases cacce pa eae Roe tek tte aN | Seer Soe SB be 6 Se te Ber ey 226

Propucts oF CLAM CANNERIES IN ALASKA IN 1917.

Number
Products. eaneai Value.
Clams:
A pomdsiatiCSns (48; Mer CASO) 2" a -ncces ome snes oben co cecsaseatuetemmguecaniceee 30,827 | $100, 257
P-PUUNIeatAi EATISN(48 PEE CASO) ob. cbece ck ese saacae oss - aoe seen kee cone oateeens a 41, 087 165, 410
Bae ARMCATIS! (245 DCL|CASG) se nscscedecs tine ccias= ce coaet cnietene cemenee coe oeees 1, 867 6, 534
Clam juice:
Pe DORPAC MU AINCATIS Ss oes fos cc era tae cue sala nee s asels os Sows ba oo he ce oeon es Poe ade 682 1, 705
IOS PEL Me NGHTISS- Uda ag. cae cca tas lowe dace daclewioss siocdc Sian Doe e pone n tole bese 52 "130
ANSI TG, a ss eG ISS I RS AS IAA he eer ar LE Dt aT a 74, 515 274, 036

@ Includes 10 cases packed in southeast Alaska.

54 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.
MINOR FISHERIES.
TROUT.

An appreciable increase in the production of Dolly Varden and
steelhead trout in Alaska occurred in 1917. It is noteworthy that
the value of these products was $16,896, as compared with $6,935 in
1916. The Midnight Sun Packing Co., at Kotzebue Sound, leads in
production, having canned 1,064 cases and pickled 144 barrels of
Dolly Vardens. In 1916 there were 530 cases canned and 17 barrels
pickled. The quantity of fresh and frozen trout shipped from
southeast Alaska in 1917 was 7,798 pounds, as against 50,822 pounds
in 1916.

Propucts oF THE ALASKA Trout FISHERY IN 1917.

Section and species. Frozen. Fresh. Pickled. Canned.
Southeast Alaska: Pounds. Value. | Pounds. Value. | Barrels. Value. Cases. Value.
Dolly Varden....| 2,470 SIAL 2etGOT) |") $26264[ueee eal ene nee 3
Steelhead........ 5, 328 560 6,471 481.| 0 cesccssa|cenckonces|oscascee ee eee ee eeee
Motaliececieenent 7, 798 701 | 35,168 3 3070 |b aaceeacc cee eee 3 18
Central Alaska:
DOU WAGONS coe |pticcieeiene|assec etc as | momomcteeee|Coleriae-s vais 17 $255 269 2,009
sheet ars G | 5 Pe ee ee Boe restate eee sss. aooeseegs snsooaremasboccoodsse 24 | 152
POtaSe eek [eeeceemen|| asiie se wes essere ieleoss eee ae 17 255 293 2,161
Western Alaska: | : |
IDYel a WAciol rete aa sel Sen earare lodtdeomease |eveeeeee es 157 1, 644 1,112 8, 800
Grand total. ... 7, 798 701 | 35, 168 3,317 174 1, 899 1, 408 10,979
SABLEFISH.

The production of sablefish, or black cod, as it was formerly known,
was increased threefold in 1917 over that of 1916, thus indicating
that there is an increasing demand for this highly nutritious fish
and that it is coming into more general favor. The frozen product
represents more than half of the catch, while the quantity shipped
fresh was almost one-third of the total production. In 1916 a total
of 304,141 pounds, valued at $11,185, was produced, as compared
with the production of 1917 of 1,020,490 pounds, valued at $38,303.
This is an increase in quantity of 716,349 pounds and in value of
$27,118.

SHIPMENT OF SABLEFISH FROM ALASKA WATERS IN 1917.

Condition. Pounds. | Value.
renite ULL Lad a ette dees. ci ane 3, EON SMES! DS 305,804 | $9, 695
WLOZEM ener cewewe osc oe owec ewes bat pgeaeeemecs omer ap ieusias «micas Sanamseawemaeiaie 574, 715 21, 989
Picklodan.ccucatsc cenccedup' atucuude CeeVdUee Reams 12000) 4b SSaUnieee Tews a= 139, 971 6,619
Mtl... dazcws¥ Gece Oe ephedra col neck’ LAGlEc Rn eRM eRe Rad ted ves «oak phe tener eererrt 1,020,490} 38,303

FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 55
RED ROCKFISH.

The red rockfish continues to grow in popular esteem as a food
fish. This is evident from the fact that a considerable quantity
was frozen by the larger companies operating cold-storage plants in
Alaska. With the establishment of a trade in rockfish, fishermen
will find it profitable to save all such fish, which heretofore have been
thrown away in large numbers, not only because they were of little
value, but in order that all space in the fishing vessels might be
filled with halibut. In proportion as the demand for halibut exceeds
the supply the cheaper and hitherto neglected species will be utilized.

The production of rockfish in 1917 was 150,453 pounds, valued at
$3,696, as compared with 45,200 pounds in 1916, valued at $1,294.
Of this amount 19,350 pounds were sold fresh for $1,075 and 131,103
pounds, valued at $2,621, were frozen.

SHRIMPS.

The Alaskan Glacier Sea Food Co., at Petersburg, pickled 65,000
pounds of shrimps, valued at $3,400. This output is slightly less
than in 1916, when the total value of shrimp-fishery products was
$3,750.

CRABS.

No more delectable food comes from the waters of Alaska than
crabs; yet, notwithstanding their wide distribution, they are taken
commercially to a very limited extent, and but two localities are
reported as having produced any. According to available returns a
total of 360 dozen, valued at $540, was taken at Tenakee, while 50
dozen, valued at $125, were marketed at Cordova. There is also
some local use of crabs by fishermen and others at various places.

SHARKS.

The Bureau has been calling attention to the possibilities of a
profitable shark fishery. ‘This applies to the waters of Alaska as
well as elsewhere. The Bureau is prepared to furnish definite infor-
mation to interested persons in respect to the preparation of hides
of sharks for the tanner. it has been clearly demonstrated that
shark hides furnish a desirable grade of leather. The carcasses may
be worked up into oil and fertilizer. it is essential that due care be
exercised to avoid cutting holes in the hides during the process of
skinning, as every hole in the hide lessens its value.

The Marine Products Co., with headquarters at Seattle, Wash.,
has made an effort to interest fishermen and others in southeastern
Alaska to the end of securing sharks. in a circular issued by the
company on January 2, 1918, it was pointed out that the market
value of shark-liver oil in barrels, delivered at Seattle, was then from
55 to 75 cents per gallon. 1t was stated that No. 1 shark skins, over
6 feet in length, were worth 12 cents a pound, while No. 2 skins, under
6 feet in length, were worth 11 cents a pound. It was stated that
shark meat dried, rough, unground, in sacks, at Seattle, was valued
at from $50 to $60 per ton of 2,000 pounds.

56 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

Sharks may be taken in considerable numbers in various places
in southeastern Alaska. The fishing gear employed especially for
taking sharks is not unlike that used in the halibut fishery. It is
said by the Marine Products Co. that the ground line should be either
48-pound tarred line or three-eighths cotton line, and that No. 15-0
Cirby japanned hooks set every 6 fathoms well fastened to a light
flexible galvanized wire ganging, not over 3 feet long, should be
used. It is said that experience has demonstrated that 300 fathoms
of gear containing 50 hooks is sufficient for a set. it should be held
with two regulation halibut anchors and buoyed with three or four
floats. Sets should be made preferably on muddy bottom and
allowed to remain from three to five hours in the daytime and through-
out the night if set in the evening. It is said that salmon heads are
the best bait, but that halibut heads or fresh fish of any kind will be
suitable. Jn view of its possibilities, it would seem that the shark
industry ought to be developed much more actively than has been
the case heretofore.

MISCELLANEOUS FISHERY PRODUCTS.

Probably every food fish taken in Alaska has at the present time
some commercial use. In part limited utilization may be due to a
lack of suitable fishing gear required for the capture of a considerable
quantity of fish, but as the quality of the somewhat neglected species
becomes known a demand for them will be created which in turn will
cause attention to be given to an improvement in methods of fishing
whereby production may be augmented.

Prominent among the little utilized species are the smelt, ling cod,
eulachon, tomcod, flatfish, and atkafish. The atkafish, or greenling,
is a fish of recognized food value and one whose exploitation is wort
undertaking. ‘hat it is not known to be generally abundant except
in the extreme western part of Alaska, particularly the Aleutian
Tslands, is a factor which must be reckoned with in connection with
the possibility of its development into a fishery of commercial import-
ance. The isolation of the region is sufficient to close it to that class
of operators who would be most likely to do the prospecting or
pioneering. At present only residents of the region, or companies
established in other industries in western Alaska, have access to the
most promising fields, as the cost of laying down supplies at Unalaska
with the means now provided by public carriers would be prohibitive.
Excepting one company, none of those engaged in the salmon indus-
try in western Alaska has attempted to develop the atkafish fields.
In due time the companies engaged in the cod industry may find
opportunity to investigate the possibilities of this fishery.

In 1917 the total production of miscellaneous fishery products in
Alaska was 114,167 pounds, valued at $2,247,

MINOR FUR-BEARING ANIMALS.
FIELD WORK.

The field activities of a number of wardens was given almost
exclusively to the enforcement of the law and regulations for the
protection of the fur-bearing animals in Alaska exclusive of the
Pribilofs. Other wardens as well as other officials also gave atten-
tion to these matters as far as was compatible with their other duties.
The constantly increasing work which the Bureau is called upon to
do not only in connection with the fisheries but with the fur-seal
work as well makes it difficult to give as much attention to matters
pertaining to the minor fur-bearing animals as is desirable.

In the latter part of the year a special warden was appointed at a
nominal salary to attend to the Bureau’s interests at Anchorage and
in the adjoining region.

REGULATIONS.

No change was made in the departmental regulations for the pro-
tection of fur-bearing animals in Alaska in 1917. The regulation pro-
mulgated in 1916 affording entire protection to martens from March 15,
1916, to November 15, 1921, first imposed an actual change, from
the conditions previously obtaining, in the trapping season of 1916-17.
(Previous regulations had prohibited the trapping of martens each
year from March 15 to November 15.) The new regulation was in
general favorably received and observed.

The practice of having open seasons for various fur-bearing
animals not coinciding exactly in time is open to the objection that
traps lawfully set for taking certain species may take individuals of
species whose capture is at the time forbidden. On this account it
has been recommended that the open season for all fur bearers begin
and end on the same dates. It is possible to conceive that a single
period of time could be fixed upon as the open season for all protected
fur bearers which would fairly take into account the various factors
involved, such as breeding seasons, condition of pelage, the giving of
a fair opportunity to trappers to operate, etc. The problem is
complicated, however, because at times it is desired to afford com-
plete protection to some species for a period of years.

Considerable attention was given to the question as to whether
the killing of beavers should be permitted after November 1, 1918,
the date when the close season as fixed by the existing regulations
would expire. The complete protection afforded these animals in
recent years has enabled them to reestablish themselves to a very
gratifying extent. It was. felt, however, that the reestablishment
was more or less local in character, and that it should become more
general before an open season was permitted. Furthermore, the
colonial habits of the animals make it easy for trappers to practically
exterminate whole settlements and it was understood that some
persons had in mind the possibilities for taking beavers which would

57

58 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

exist as soon as the anticipated open season began. Recommenda-
tions which were received in regard to the matter were practically
unanimous in expressing the hope that a longer period of protection
be given the animals. Accordingly, early in 1918 the Bureau
made a recommendation to the Secretary of Commerce that the
existing close season be extended to November 1, 1923, which was
approved by him on March 4, 1918.

FUR FARMING.

For a number of years the Bureau has published in the reports of
the Alaska service information in regard to fur-farming operations in
Alaska with the view of making a matter of record the status and
progress of this comparatively new business and to stimulate possibly
the efforts of individuals engaged in this work through a formal recog-
nition of their activities. The Bureau has no jurisdiction over the
fur-farming business aside from seeing that the law and the regula-
tions promulgated by authority thereof are enforced. The law, aside
from matters pertaining to the fur-seal fisheries, is concerned wholly
with acts which involve or follow the killing of fur-bearing animals.
The Bureau has no funds whereby it may carry on any experiments
in fur farming in Alaska. About the only help, therefore, that the
Bureau can render fur farmers is to aid as best 1t may in securing for
them information in regard to the business.“ Attention is in this
connection invited to the work of the Department of Agriculture.
The Bureau of Biological Survey of that Department is interested in
the propagation of fur-bearing animals and has an experimental fur
farm ‘in northern New York. Its publications on fur farming are of
decided interest.

The data which the Bureau of Fisheries secures in regard to fur
farming in Alaska are obtained largely in an incidental way by
employees while engaged in their formal work and by means of
direct correspondence between the Bureau and fur farmers, who quite
generally furnish freely information in regard to their operations.
In publishing accounts of fur farms from year to year the Bureau
aims chiefly to give new information which has become available.

Fur farming in Alaska is in most cases concerned with the breedin
and rearing of foxes. Some attention has been given to minks an
martens, and there are records of martens having been born and
reared in captivity in the Territory. Skunks and raccoons have
been introduced into southeastern Alaska, but nothing is known as
to the success attained nor as to the reasons which led to the choice
of these animals as objects of fur farming in Alaska.

A report for the season 1916 and 1917, furnished by George L. Morri-
son, of Hot Springs, in regard to a fox farm at Hot Springs in which
he is interested, is in part as follows:

We ranched 24 pairs of foxes, of which 5 pairs were crosses, 18 pairs were silvers, and
1 pair whites.

From the 24 pairs we had 15 litters born. From the 15 litters we lost 2 litters of 5

each, one mother having buried her young trying to conceal them after having been
frightened and another having lost her young on account of insufficient nourishment

a Note is made here of the authority of the Department of Commerce to lease a number of islands in
sleaiEe for the propagation of foxes and other fur-bearing animals, A number of the islands are already
under lease.

MINOR FUR-BEARING ANIMALS. 59

for them. After losing 3 in another litter of 6, we took the other 3 away from the
mother and raised them successfully by hand.

From the 15 litters there were 60 pups, of whi~h we raised 35 silvers, 6 crosses, and 2
reds to maturity. The first litters were born April 25 and the last one May 30.

Our principal food is fresh and dried salmon, horse meat, wild game, rice, milk, and
eges.

owe will retain 29 pairs of silvers and 1 pair of crosses this year. This pair of crosses
proved to be breeders’ of exceptionally good stock, giving us 2 dark silvers this year.

Our ranch is located about 1,000 feet east of the town of Hot Springs, Alaska, on a
sand ridge in a thick growth of cottonwood, birch, and spruce. which furnish shade in
summer and shelter from the cold winds in winter. Our outside inclosure is about
300 feet square, built 12 feet high with overhang of 30 inches, and a 6-foot galvanized
carpet wire, 16 gauge, which prevents the animals from burrowing under and escaping.
The first 6 feet of the fence is of 14 gauge 2 -inch mesh galvanized wire; the top 6 feet
is of 16-gauge 2-inch mesh, also the overhang. We might say here that we have never
had a fox escape from this inclosure, and from our experience we believe a 10-foot
fence would be perfectly safe.

Our breeding pens are built 70 feet on two sides from the outside fence and 50 feet
from the other two sides. Thirty pens were built in 1915, size 37 by 37 of the same
material and height of outside inclosure. In these pens a 3-foot 14-gauge wire is sunk
in the ground and only a 3-foot carpet wire is used. Six-foot alleyways were left on
two sides of each pen, and 8-foot on the other two sides. These wide alleys are quite
essential to prevent the spread of disease and to keep the foxes from being annoyed at
whelping time by animals in the near-by pens.

This year we added 30 more pens, 6 by 37 feet, built in the 6-foot alleys on each
large pen. These pens are to be used for separating the foxes in case of sickness or to
take the male away after mating in case he should be greedy or not a good parent, also
to keep the young after they have been separated from the mother until they are mated,
sold, or their pelts taken.

The principal losses among our young foxes are due to stomach and bowel disorders,
due we believe to improper food and feeding. We are, however, overcoming this
trouble to a considerable extent and in the future look for only asmall percentage of loss.

We have recently taken the pelts from 16 silvers, 21 crosses, 2 reds, and 3 whites.
These pelts are all exceptionally well furred, although we do not expect fancy prices
this year for our silvers, as they are of our poorest stock.

Wenzel & Son, of Fairbanks, established a fox farm at Monument
Point in 1915. On December 5, 1917, the stock on hand consisted of
3 male and 1 female red foxes, 2 male and 6 female cross foxes, 6 male
and 12 female silver-gray foxes, a total of 30. In 1917 two litters
were born. These animals consisted of 3 male and 2 female crosses
and 2 male and 2 female silver grays. No animals were killed on the
farm in 1916 or 1917.

The original stock for the farm was secured by trapping. It appears
that with the exception of the use of bear meat for short periods on
two occasions the foxes have been fed exclusively on salmon, fresh
salmon being cooked and smoked salmon soaked before use.? Plenty
of fresh water is furnished at all times.

W. J. Vachon is the owner of a fox farm located at Tolovana,
Alaska. This farm was established in 1912 and the original stock
was purchased. On January 5, 1918, the stock on hand consisted
of 11 male and 11 female, all silver grays. In 1917, 3 litters were
born on this farm. The total number of young was 18, 9 male and
9 female, all silver grays. In 1917, 29 foxes were killed on this farm,
17 male and 12 female, all silver grays. In the same year 1 animal
was killed from fighting and 3 died from disease.

The structures for carrying on operations include an outside
inclosure, 550 feet by 185 feet, within which there are upwards of
50 pens of various sizes. The foxes are fed fish cooked with corn

a The Bureau suggests that fur farmers exercise caution in using smoked food, at least until they have
demonstrated that harmful results will not ensue.

60 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

meal, bone meal, crackers or rice, and fresh meat when obtainable.
This farm is situated about 500 feet from the Tanana River on a
sandy knoll, well-sheltered from wind.

In addition to his fox-farming operations, Mr. Vachon is also
interested in the propagation and rearing of martens. The work
was taken up at Tolovana, Alaska, in 1914. Presumably the experi-
ments have been carried on with one pair of animals as a breeding
stock, but definite information on this point is lacking. At any
rate no young were born in 1915 or 1916. On April 29, 1917, a litter
of four was born, two males and two females. It is said that these
young were without hair at birth and that it was 29 days before they
opened their eyes. The parents were separated some time before the
young were born. The mother continually carried the young martens
from one place to another until they were about two months old.
All were reared to maturity, since which one has died. The food
used is dried and fresh fish, scraps of meat, and birds.

L. G. Michael, Franklin, secured in 1917 from 4 pairs of foxes three
litters, 2 of five and 1 of four. Starting in 1915 with 1 pair of
foxes, Mr. Michael has raised 25 young foxes in three years. In
November, 1917, he had a stock of 26 animals; 1 silver, 6 reds, and
19 crosses. He expected, however, to retain only 5 or 6 pairs. He
had six corrals, 40 feet by 40 feet, with double compartment coops
and artificial burrows in each, and planned to build three more. In
regard to feeding foxes, the following is taken from Mr. Michael’s
report:

I feed wild game principally, mostly rabbits, some fish, and wild berries, with an
occasional ration of cooked food. Boiled meat scraps with stock thickened with rolled
oats makes a food which they relish very much. Any bones, such as caribou and
moose heads and legs, give them something to gnaw at. Two or three weeks before
they are expected to whelp, I give the females about a pint of milk a day aside from
their regular ration. I give them milk until the young are weaned. As soon as the
young are big enough to come out of the coops, I give them a little milk three times a
day. and a very little solid food at first, although I see that they have heavy bones with
but little meat on to gnaw at.

W. H. Newton, of Healy River (Richardson post office), has con-
tinued experimental work but without a great deal of success.
However, in 1917, he built some new pens and expected to continue
the work.

Joseph Voelkl, 18 Mile Post, Haines. From a report made by
Mr. Voelkl in October, 1917, it appeared that he had a stock of eight -
foxes (one black silver, five crosses, and two reds) and nine mink,
six of which were young.

A. C. Smith, Porcupine, Chilkat Valley. Mr. Smith commenced
fox-farming operations with Pete Duncan at Wells in 1914. The
partnership was subsequently dissolved and Mr. Smith moved the
two animals on hand to Porcupine. Additional animals were secured
by purchase and capture. ‘The record at hand does not indicate that
any young have been reared. The foxes are fed fish, vegetables,
table scraps, corn meal, and meat. Y

E. Hillenbrand, Pleasant Camp, Chilkat Valley, began operations
in July, 1915, with four foxes, one cross and one red male, and one
black and one cross female, secured by purchase and capture. While
the operations have been continued, it is not known that any young
born on the farm have been reared.

MINOR FUR-BEARING ANIMALS. 61

Otto Kraft & Son, of Kodiak, have continued their farm on Svitlak
and Middle Islands, Kalsin Bay, about 15 miles from Kodiak. The
firm began its operations in 1916 with animals born that year, and
the year 1917 was necessarily one for carrying along the work and
awaiting definite results. Fresh and dried fish are used for food;
also salted salmon heads, the salt being all soaked out before the
material is used.

Alex. Friedolin, of Afognak, has a fox farm on Hog Island, which
is in Marmot Bay and from 3 to 4 miles from Afognak village. In
November, 1917, Mr. Friedolin reported that his breeding stock con-
sisted of four pairs of blue foxes. ‘There are no corrals on the island,
the foxes being allowed to run at large. The foxes are fed, at least
in the winter, and one small building is used for the purpose of keeping
food where they may go and help themselves.

Some few years ago Mr. Friedolin turned loose on Hog Island
14 field mice, hoping that they would multiply and furnish food for
foxes. It is reported that the mice have increased wonderfully, that
the island is alive with them, and that their food requirements have
noticeably affected the vegetation growing there. It has been noted
that the foxes dig for the mice here and there, and probably catch
them in the open, but without any appreciable effect upon their
numbers.

John Tashwak, of Afognak, continued his efforts on a small island
near Afognak Island. ‘Ihe foxes are allowed to run at large and
some have escaped by swimming to Afognak Island.

Peter J. Petrovsky, of Uyak, continued operations on Amook
Island. A number of foxes have been kept in corrals or pens and a
few young from these were reared in 1917. Difficulty was experi-
enced in that a number of young were killed by their parents. The
owner also had some foxes at large on Amook Island.

Frank Peterson, of Uyak, has a fur farm at Ayakulik River, west
coast of Kodiak Island. From reports received from him it appears
that he is making experiments with foxes in corrals built on the
mainland of Kodiak !sland, obtaining part or all of the animals from
stock belonging to him and running at large on an island near the
mouth of Ayakulik River.

A firm of which J. G. Carson, of Katalla, is a member has a fox
farm on Wingham Island. <A report made by Mr. Carson early in
February, 1918, stated that the breeding stock consisted of six pairs.
of foxes, silvers and crosses. in 1917 six young were raised from
two females, both bred to the same male. All that were born in these
two litters were raised. Trouble was experienced at this farm in
1916 and again in 1917 on account of foxes dying. One of the mem-
bers of the firm thought that the fatalities were due to the feeding
of dried smoked salmon, the creosote being harmful. At the time
the report referred to above was written the use of dried salmon had
been stopped. Foods in use were hair-seal meat, Belgian hares,
fresh fish, canned salmon (light weights), fresh beef, eggs, Spratt’s
dog biscuits, and bread. |

For a number of years the firm also kept martens at this farm
endeavoring to propagate them. Owing to difficulties encountered
in impenning them they were finally removed from the island in
July, 1917,

62 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

It is understood that Andrew Sholin, Homer, via Seldovia, is
engaged in silver-fox farming, but details in regard to his work are
not at hand.

Joseph Filardeau, of Seldovia, began fox farming in 1915 with one
pair of foxes. The results obtained have warranted him in continu-
ing his work. In November, 1917, Mr. Filardeau advised that he
had entered into partnership with Mr. J. A. Herbert and that they
had eight pens in the course of construction and expected to have ten
pairs of breeding animals in 1918. In referring to a litter of five
silver grays, Mr. Filardeau states:

These were also raised without getting seriously sick. In July it was noticed that
they were not so active as they generally were, which fact caused me considerable
anxiety, prompting me to gather herbs of all varieties and give them to the animals
in the hope that they would contain something of benefit to the foxes. No improve-
ment was noticed, however, until some bunches of green sod were given, the roots
growing therein appeared to be greatly relished and the immediate change that
followed was unmistakably for the better.

Andrew Siewertson, of Latouche, has a fox farm on Perry Island,
Prince William Sound. Two pairs of blue foxes were placed on the
island in 1915. In October, 1917, the owner reported that breeding
operations had not been very successful and that he was putting on
ne island two additional pairs secured from the Naked island fox

arm.

Stanier & Van placed four pairs of blue foxes on Axel Lind Island,
Prince William Sound, in 1916. The animals were secured from fox
farmers. In 1917 about six foxes were raised. The owners feel that
the outlook for handling a large number of foxes is not very encour-
aging on account of the difficulties involved in securing supplies of
fish for fox food in the face of competition for salmon for cannery use.
They suggest the setting aside of a fishing ground for the use of fox
farmers.

Lilzegren & Wagner have a fox farm on Little Naked Island, Prince
William Sound. The foxes originally put on the island by them
consisted of two pairs of blue foxes placed there in 1913. In 1914
about 10 young were raised; in 1915, about 30; in 1916, about 60;
and in 1917, about 90. In 1915, 8 foxes were killed for their pelts,
and in 1916, 29. Six live animals were sold in 1916. The owners
expected to kill, if conditions were favorable, about 35 in 1917.
Messrs. Lilzegren & Wagner feel as other farmers in this region that
the question of a future supply of fish being available for use as fox
food is one which should receive attention, and recommend that fox
farmers pay a reasonable tax and in return have a small fishing
ground set aside for their use. .

F. A. Shumaker, of Latouche, and A. Lund operate jointly a fox
farm on Long Island, Prince William Sound. Eighteen blue foxes,
10 females and 8 males, purchased from A. Grosvold, Sand Point,
Alaska, were placed on the island in September, 1913. Forty foxes
were raised in 1914, 60 in 1915, 80 in 1916, and 85 in 1917. Mr.
Shumaker reported that the foxes in 1917 were too numerous for

rolific breeding and that it was planned to take from 75 to 100 pelts.

o pelts were taken in the years from 1913 to 1916, inclusive. One
pair of live foxes was sold in 1915 and two pairs in 1916. While at
present the facilities for obtaining food for the foxes on this island —
are satisfactory, Mr. Shumaker stated that it was getting more diffi-
cult each year for the fox farmers in the region to secure a proper

MINOR FUR-BEARING ANIMALS. 63

amount of food for the animals in the vicinity, and questioned whether
it would not be possible to have fishing sites set aside for their use.

James McPherson, of Ellamar, occupies Peak and Naked Islands,
Prince William Sound, for fox-farming purposes. It appears that
the original stock consisted of four blue foxes secured from the Alaska
Commercial Co. and put on one or the other of these islands in Octo-
ber, 1897. From records at hand it would seem that this farm has
produced a considerable number of foxes annually for many years.
For instance, from 1900 to 1910 the number of foxes raised each year
averaged about 70. Subsequently there was a falling off for a few
years. This was followed by a rise, about 90 being raised in 1915,
about 85 in 1916, and about 60 in 1917.

W.C. L. Beyer and Thomas Davis placed 12 blue foxes, 7 females
and 5 males, on Fairmount Island, north shore of Prince William
Sound, in October, 1917. These operations are in a way a renewal
of earlier ones on the part of Mr. Beyer, who states that he started
work on the island in 1895 with five pairs of blue foxes. He was
obliged to leave the island in 1904 and subsequent dependence upon
hired help apparently demoralized the business. From other records
it would appear that Fairmount Island was occupied for fox-farming
purposes as early as 1897 or 1898.

J. D. Jefferson, Valdez, in April, 1917, placed three pairs of blue
foxes on Bald Head Chris Island and three cross foxes on the Dutch
group of islands. All these islands are in Prince William Sound.
No increase was expected the first season. In November, 1917, the
stock was reported thriving.

Additional information in regard to fur farms will be found in the
review in this report of fur farming in southeastern Alaska, also in
the section in regard to islands which may be leased by the De-
partment of Commerce for the propagation of foxes and other fur-
bearing animals.

REVIEW OF FUR FARMING IN SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA.

In the corresponding report for 1916 % there were published ex-
tracts from a report submitted by Inspector Walker in regard to fur-
farming possibilities in southeastern Alaska. Mr. Walker continued
his work of collecting data, and extracts from a subsequent report
submitted by him are printed below. The report had reference to
conditions and possibilities existing in southeastern Alaska, and was
based on studies made and information obtained there, and the
reader is cautioned against applying the conclusions to Alaska gen-
erally unless warranted by other information. Furthermore, it must
be borne in mind that the business of fur-farming in Alaska, except
perhaps in a few instances, is far from being established on a paying
basis; that present-day operations are largely experimental; that
the ultimate success of the business is not fully assured, and that
statements made in regard to the future are largely deductions of
individuals. Extracts from Mr. Walker’s second report follow:

The history of fur farming in southeastern Alaska is, with one exception, a history
of failures rather than successes. The questions that naturally follow are: Why has
almost every attempt resulted in failure? Is it because the region is not suited to
the enterprise?

—

@ Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 838.

64 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

Justice to the country demands that the true causes of the failures be made public,
and after studying the subject from all possible viewpoints the conclusion has been
reached that the failures in fur farming 1n southeastern Alaska have been due to the
three following causes, which can in no way be charged against the industry or the
region:

ttt. Neglect due to irresponsible drinking men being left in charge, who either
failed to care for the animals or allowed them to be poached off.

Second. Persons going into the work with the idea that it would prove to be a
“get-rich-quick” proposition, then becoming discouraged, running short of money
and going out of business, or neglecting the animals after two or three years when
they discover their mistaken idea.

Third. Perhaps a portion of the failures have as a partial cause the lack of expe-
rience and knowledge of how to handle the animals, but such trouble if had by respon-
sible, determined men would have been charged to experience, and they would have
in the future profited thereby and in the end been successful.

Some persons might believe that a certain percentage of the failures has been due
to parties starting into the work without sufficient funds to carry it to a successful
self-sustaining stage. This belief is true, but the situation is fully covered in the
second of the reasons given for failure. Referring to the third reason given for failure,
it may be said that much that is charged to lack of knowledge and experience could
have been avoided by careful study, judgment, and the use of common sense. So
in the end the cause of the failures may almost without exception be laid to neglect
from one cause or another.

At present there is but one fur farm in southeastern Alaska that has been sufficientl
long established to show its permanency and merit the name ofa fur farm. This is
the blue-fox ranch of James York, on Sumdum Island, which has been in operation
for 19 years and is now on a firmly established basis. The blue foxes on this island
have the run of the entire place, and it can not be said how many animals there are.

As a whole those attempting fur farming other than with blue foxes have been
hunters, trappers, prospectors, and others who have obtained for their stock local
wild animals. These persons have taken up the project as a side line and when for
any cause any of their work was neglected it was the animals that suffered.

The greatest number of attempts to operate fur farms have been with red foxes,
and of these there have been no less than eight, as follows:

} Began
Name of owner. Location of farm. opera- Present status.
tions.
B® Be Richter 23.52 er eeek Go Skagway & Dyea............. 1913 | Out of business.
Mom Wah yeacecrasscewsccsmee- on Long Bridge, Chilkat Valley..| 1913 Do.
Bete (DUNCAN so. case scccecauees Wells, Chilkat Valley......... 1914 Do.
Dehn elorrisonss. 62220556 S68 Haines: £* Se. Se Te ath es 1913 Do.
AOSHUUMVOGLE ne aetene soscaeere 18-Mile Post, Chilkat Valley...| 1915 | Has 8 foxes.
By Billonhrand: ..:. c.seesece cis tp ee Camp, Chilkat Val- | 1915 | Has 2 foxes.
ey.
ARGOMSMUG Ie. occu shoe besten Porcupine. Chilkat Valley.....| 1915 | Has 6 foxes.
Barkdahl & Green.............- Sokoi Island). 2e22sece.26 sa 1916

Mink and marten farmers are next in numbers or perhaps even in greater numbers
than the fox raisers, but the operations are less conspicuous and many have probably
not come to notice:

ati Began
Name of owner. Location of farm. operations. Present status.

Bert. Maycock ic asscsee'ses Wind fall\Islandioc ceccaccck ns 1915 Unknown number of martens
at liberty and doing well.

John) Panning = ..53.. 9 Uas4) Btolin Island s2s-tkes dececos te 1916 jeer 25 martens on small
island.

C.H: Baritdahl...2202s252 Sokoi Island...... 1904 Out of business.

— Johnson............. SAC epee ew ee 1913

Bimon' Gatti isc see 2 ..| Fanshaw Anchorage . 1913 or 1914

Joseph Voelkl............ L8-Mile Post, Chilkat Valley... 1915 Has 9 mink.

1 PSA SY 0) 0 a A I ihhe Brothers dslands: foscs ars | oe es sees Abandoned.

MINOR FUR-BEARING ANIMALS. 65

Third in number of operators come the b:ve-fox farmers on islands, of which there
have been five attempts:

Began
Name of owner. Loeation of farm. opera- Present status.
tions

FRAMES IY OLK. ee ccacs csc see 22 Sumaium dslanditcusecaces see 1899 | Successful.

Priderds JONeGS. sc neoeee< Jie ME OUNGL Island. oo. araeee esc. 1905 | Abandoned.

Oyo S{o 0) (7 Se eines Ee ee Patterson Island, then moved |........ Do.

to The Brothers Islands in
1904.

CAbabarkdabl. f+ .cescsesss Sokoiksland - 5s ..cc dee teiems 1905 | For a time practically aban-
doned, but recently taken up
again for further work. May
be some of original stock re-
maining.

In addition to the above, there have been numerous single animals confined in
hopes that mates for them might be obtained, usually resulting in the animals dying,
being killed for fur, escaping, or being sold alive to others attempting fur farming.

Skunks and raccoons have been introduced on ‘‘ Brothers Islands,’’ but nothing has
been heard of the matter recently, and it is not known as to the success. Considering
the price of these skins as compared with those of some of the native fur bearers, which
should be no more difficult to raise, no advantage can be seen in such a project unless
the saving in feeding in winter proves to be decided.

The animals that are most available to the majority of persons in the region are minks
and martens. The Jatter can perhaps be successfully kept on small islands if they
do not fight among themselves too much. If they do prove to fight seriously when on
small islands it will of course be necessary to pen them. Minks, being daring swim-
mers, must be penned. There is not a portion of southeastern Alaska where food is
obtainable for these animals that is not suitable for them.

The red fox, with its color phases, is commonly indigenous only to that portion of
southeastern Alaska west of Lynn Canal and north of Icy Strait, although they oc-
casionally approach salt water farther south on the mainland by following down some
of the larger streams and valleys. Of all southeastern Alaska only that portion in
which red foxes naturally occur is to be considered for red-fox farming, and of this the
section having the best combination of natural resources and ad vantages is the Chilkat
Valley. Some of these advantages are: A climate approaching that of an interior
country, in that it is clear and cold in winter and warm and dry in summer; the rain-
fallis the least of any portion of the district; there is an easily accessible food supply, as
the fish are, or should be, abundant in the Chilkat River which flows through the
valley; there is perfect drainage by reason of the sandy soil; large and permanent pens
may easily be constructed because of the sandy soil underlaid at an average of about
3 feet by a hard subsoil of clay, through which foxes could scarcely dig out under the
fences; the valley is easy of access both summer and winter; it is the natural home of
the fox, and fortunately is in a region in which melanism is prevalent, thus produc-
ing a considerable percentage of dark individualseven from red parents; the climate
while close to salt water is of an interior character which will produce fur of a superior
quality surpassing that possible on the coast and islands.

As noted above, a recent attempt has been made to introduce red foxes on Sokoi
Island, near Petersburg, but at present it is too early to say with what success the pro-
ject is attended. The writer firmly believes that the islands are much too wet for red
foxes to do well and the salt atmosphere will certainly coarsen and dull the fur more
than is desirable.

The arctic or blue fox is not native to any portion of the region, but seems to have
done well at every place it has been introduced so far as the climatic conditions and
food are concerned. Almost any of the small islands are suitable for the raising of
these animals, and the food for them may be the same as for the other animals save
that as they roam at large on the island they are able to pick up more or less food for
themselves from the beach and woods.

Beaver and land-otter farming have not been attempted in the district and little
can be said regarding the subject. In regard to beavers, a peculiar terraine would be
necessary and fencing would prove to be expensive. Land otters would require
fencing, but they could be fed almost wholly from the sea foods to be had in such abun-
dance at almost every front door in the region.

99805°—19——18

66 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

The isolated farmer should be able to supply his animals with food mainly from the
ocean and streams by keeping a skate or two of halibut gear, and a crab trap or two and
nets in operation near his place. The sea-food diet can be varied frequently. In
season, waste scraps from deer killed for food would help out on the feeding problem.
Eagles which are being killed for the bounty might be acceptable and in certain sec-
tions squirrels are obtainable in limited numbers. By a little ingenuity in their
capture, mice and voles of numerous species could help vary and supplement the food.
In the Chilkat Valley rabbits are obtainable some of the time.

For the farmer in or near settlements fish heads and scrap fish from the halibut fish-
eries and salmon canneries would almost always be available. Some butchers’ scra
might also be obtainable, and many of the foods mentioned as being available to the
isolated farmer would be almost as accessible to those at settlements.

Anyone undertaking the business of fur farming in southeastern Alaska or elsewhere
should begin with the idea that for at least the first five years little'or no profits will be
realized, and that constant care and attention will be required if the industry is to be
brought to a profitable stage. Fur farming must be looked upon as like any other
live-stock raising. If one is expecting to build up and increase his stock he must
not sacrifice the breeding animals for immediate gain.

In attempting fur farming in this region one should plan to follow either one or the
other of the following courses: Arrange to have sufficient funds to carry on work for
at least five years without expectation of income from the industry, or begin with
only a few animals, kept as one would keep pets, giving them all necessary attention
with no expectation of profit for some years. If one is to make a success in following
such a course as the latter he must not neglect the care and attention of the animals
even in the greater struggle of making the immediate living, for this has been the
cause of failure in many cases of similar character in the past.

Poaching has been a menace to fur farming, but with industrious, determined farm-
ers there would be little opportunity for the poacher to ply his trade.

Summarizing, it may be said that opportunities for the fur farmer in southeastern
Alaska are almost unlimited, but that it is not a royal and short road to riches, and one
going into it must expect to sacrifice and work as he would in any other live-stock
raising. Aside from the blue foxes, the native fur bearers probably offer the best stock
with which to start. Every possible encouragement and facility should be accorded
the prospective fur farmers to obtain and acquire title to land on which to conduct
fur farming.

SHIPMENT OF FURS FROM ALASKA.

For several years the Bureau has collected statistics of furs shipped
from Alaska. It is required of shippers by departmental regulation
that all shipments of furs from the Territory shall be reported to the
Bueau of Fisheries.

By far the largest number of fur shipments from Alaska is made by
mail. The Post Office Department has cooperated all along with the
Bureau in the way of seeing that fur shipments by mail were prop-
erly reported. In 1917 that Department reaffirmed its willingness
to cooperate, and under date of May 4, 1917, the Postmaster General
issued an order which, while modifying somewhat the previous
method of procedure, undoubtedly placed the matter upon a more
satisfactory basis. The order is as follows:

Furs shipped out of Alaska by mail.

OFFICE OF THE PosTMASTER GENERAL,
Washington, May 4, 1917.

The following instructions will become effective on October 1, 1917. Before that
date, the Department of Commerce will have supplied to Alaska postmasters the
blanks for a new form of report to be used by persons mailing furs to points outside
of that Territory:

It will be the duty of each postmaster in Alaska, on and after October 1, 1917, to fur-
nish the report blanks to persons who present furs for mailing and to see that no furs
are sent through his office to outside points until after the shipper has filled out the
blank and signed the certificate as to the correctness of the report, and the postmaster
has placed his signature under the words ‘‘Transmitted to the Commissioner of Fish-

MINOR FUR-BEARING ANIMALS. 67

eries, Washington, D. C.’’ The postmaster will then dispatch the shipment of furs as
addressed, without examining the contents for the purpose of verifying the shipper’s
report, and will mail the report under cover of an official penalty envelope addressed
*“Commissioner of Fisheries, Washington, D. C.’’

Postmasters should not permit their supplies of the report form to become exhausted,
but in due time should make requisitions upon the Commissioner of Fisheries for
specific quantities. : : he

The present system of reporting fur shipments will remain in effect through Septem-
ber 30, 1917.

A. 8. Burueson,
Postmaster General.

Furs were formerly the most valuable product of Alaska, and while
they have yielded to the products of the mines and the fisheries the
absolute value of the annual output is large.

The following table shows the detailed statistics as compiled from
information furnished the Bureau in regard to the furs shipped from
Alaska in the years ending November 15, 1915, 1916, and 1917:

Furs Suiprep FROM ALASKA IN 1915, 1916, AND 1917.4

= poate 15, | Year ended Nov. 15, 1916. | Year ended Nov. 15, 1917.

Species.
Num- |} Aver- Total Num-| A ver- Num-| Aver-
ber of | age alae ber of| age |Totalvalue.| ber of| age |Total value.
pelts. | value. * | pelts. | value. pelts. | value.
Bear:
‘Si byes Re a ee ee 739) $7.50) $5,542.50} 1,129) $9.00] $10,161.00} 1,061} $14.00 $14, 854.00
leiwohiia ee eee 20} 7.50 150.00 41 7.50 307.50 62} 12.00 744.00
HACIOL eee cee ee 3} 50.00 150. 00 5} 50.00 250. 00 8} 20.00 160.00
Ghigdlyin oo sok 20} 20.00 400. 00 14) 14.00 196. 00 13} 17.00 221.00
IGE 2 Baek SRN ee I Cee eee eee ek a ee eee ae eee ee 6144) 40.00 5, 760. 00
Rinioe <i a ee ¢70| 10.00 700.00 a37| 6.50 240.50) €118) 10.00 1,180.00
TIMING. 3 settee Ses © 3, 538 -60} 2,122.80) 4,345 -80 3,476.00} 4, 639 - 90 4,175.10
Fox:
Cis a 8; 400.00) 3, 200.00 26, 250.00} 6,500.00 10; 160.00] 1, 600.00
Mee seers oo ea Sai = } 382} 50.00) 19, 100.00 659) 50.00 32, 950. 00 887} 58.00} 51,446.00
Blue, Pribilof Islands) 253) 112.49) 28, 459.97 420; 48.20 20, 242.00 567) 61.11 34, 653.50
Grasseettes 2.5 1,360] 12.00] 16,320.00) 2,508) 25.00| 62,700.00} 2,669] 35.00| 93) 415.00
FeCl ot 11,770} 8.00) 94,160.00) 15,711) 12.00} 188,532.00] 10,485] 24.00] 251/.640.00
Silver gray ......-.... 187| 150.00; 28, 050. 00 318) 150.00} 47, 700.00 443) 120.00} 53,160.00
Whites aoe ao: 5,967| 13.00) 77,571.00} 6,178] 20.00] 123,560.00} 3,682} 28.00] 103; 096.00
White, Pribilof Is-
landss 235.8 . 375! 40| 23.94 957.60) 20) 14.25 285.00 39| 26.33 1,027.00
51 -10 5.10) 1,090 +15 163.50 89 - 40 35.60
9,374 8.00} 74,922.00) 21,608) 12.00) 259,296.00) 21,210] 14.00 296, 940. 00
-| 3,028] 6.00) 18,168.00] 3,100} 9.00} 27,900.00] #1, 210) 14.00] 16,940.00
23,073} 2.00) 46,146.00) 22,255) 4.00} 89,020.00} 18,832} 4.00 75, 328.00
32, 933 -15) 4,939. 95/101, 827 -35| 35, 639. 45) 72, 264 -45) 32, 518. 80
980) 8.00} 7,840.00} 1,330; 15.00 19,950.00) 1,308) 15.00 19, 620.00
Se She Soe ea Senna 91) 500.00 500.00 h2) 344.85 689.70
Seal, fur, Pribilof Islands] 3,000} 30.00} 90,000.00) 7,061) 30.00) 211,830.00 79,140) 30.00} 274,200.00
SIE Fi ie See ee Peck ae cttsocal EHO nis Pctsr sn: eee Lee See | aceeete eee a ek 75) 30.00 150.00
Beimrel 2). eect. . <2 167 -05 8.35 214 -10 21.40 117 05 5.85
(clbi= 3 Roe eens gee 51 4.00) 204.00 57| 7.00 399.00 195 8.00 1, 560. 00
WOlVErIne <2. 35. c6e05). - 119} 7.00 833.00 297; 6.00 1, 782.00 435] 8.00 3, 480.00
MROCH eee ee oleh sSaclasios sme DLO 900521 ue ce slee ecole 1143601. 3b) cco ols a 8e. ae 1, 338, 599. 55

a The corresponding table in the report for 1915, Bureau of Fisheries Document 834, did not include ship-
ments of blue-fox, white-fox, or fur-seal skins from Pribilof Islands.

» The killing of polar bears in Alaska is unlawful. Seventeen skins were reported as being taken in extra-
territorial waters.

¢ Confiscated pelts. :

@ Thirty-three shipped under permit. It is unlawfui to kill beavers in Alaska.

¢ Includes 57 seized skins and 46 reported as Canadian pelts.

/ Checked against affidavits that skins were taken before Mar. 15, 1916. It is now unlawful to kill mar-
tens in Alaska.

Found dead.

£ Unlawtully killed by natives.

# Calendar year 1917.

j It is unlawful to kill fur seals within the Territorial waters of Alaska except on the Pribilof Islands.

68 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

More reliance must be placed on the cooperation of the shippers
themselves in the collecting of statistics of shipments of furs by freight,
express, and personal baggage than in the matter of mail shipments.
The Bureau avails itself, however, of the opportunity afforded
through the courtesy of the collector of customs at Juneau to check
its statistics of shipments made otherwise than by mail with those of
the customhouse at Juneau.

The statistics of furs shipped from Alaska are compiled annually
on the basis of a year extending from November 16 of one year to
November 15 of the following year. Most of the furs being taken
each season within a period of a few months after November 15, it is
thought that summation of the reports for the periods from November
16 of one year to November 15 of the following year will indicate as
accurately as possible the take of each season.

LEASING OF ISLANDS FOR FUR FARMING.

The Department of Commerce may lease for the purpose of propa-
ating foxes and other fur-bearing animals the Alaskan islands listed
in the following table:

IstANDS WuicH May BE LEASED FoR FuR FARMING.

Name of island. Location.
GHImOf ee ee teen ccesat Bate CL cee ee Southwest of Kodiak Island.
GON a8 Gi ak pte cate cls ite Sees ee eee Near Kodiak Island.
MEIN OG 2a ore artes Sod ats ES a HR tote eee aeee East of Afognak Island.
iby ter (hee at ah) Ror SoS See eee meee | Shumagin Group.
PMCON Of See ar Sere 354 ae tae ce: Re AD Yap
Little Naked. ss ccca: sccsescren tense ete nes One of Naked Islands, Prince William Sound.
Carlson (Craftonsoa se. seen one ee ene ee Prince William Sound.
MidGleton.i 4. ise out Soke sore). Sea Gulf of Alaska.
POAT. Stern tape coeuan scestetade Ite a Seem oe One of Chugach Islands.
Mlivatipthic: . se cceenocec ove ase 4 oF Pp RS ee Do.
SSP ITC IMO ND cS. Sond Se a Lite etm. BEE One of Semidi Islands
CHOWIOL) 2 casks dene coh ccs see nekt coe e Soak Do.

Of the islands listed above, five were under lease on December 31,
1917, as follows:

Annual

Name of island. roripall! Lessee.
Wileddlotorcn fasts. soceees we sce ee ee eee $.00 | Joseph Ibach, Cordova, Alaska
Simeonol ee se 2 oe cs. Wee cncteceeuee 250 | J. C. Smith, Sand Point, Alaska.
Astle Korma}. SSu.. oct SUE Sees Sete. 205 | Andrew Grosvold, Sand Point, Alaska.
Marmot G25.5). oot. .ncleacee ndeaecteeets 200 | O. L. Grimes, Kodiak, Alaska.
bath cncuideectecceweattane ee bee See 200 | I. D. Nordyke, Seldovia, Alaska.

a Lease forfeited in 1918.

Middleton Island, Gulf of Alaska.—This island was leased in 1914
to Tim Marcum, of Valdez, for a period of five years, beginning July
1,1914. The lease was subsequently assigned to Joseph Tbach,
gee address Cordova, who took possession on June 7, 1915. In

ecember, 1914, and January, 1915, 63 foxes were killed on the island;
in December, 1915, and January, 1916, 48 were killed; in December,
1916, and January, 1917, 50 were killed. In the year ended Novem-
ber 15, 1916, 32 live foxes were removed from the island by the lessee.

MINOR FUR-BEARING ANIMALS. 69

The foxes on the island run wild, and Mr. Ibach is unable to tell the
total number. One year 600 Belgian hares were raised for fox food.

Simeonof Island, Shumagin Group.—This island was leased in 1914
to J. C. Smith, of Sand Point, for a period of five years, beginning
July 1, 1914. Mr. Smith died July 5, 1917. It is stated that the
number of blue-fox pelts, which have been secured on this island in
the years from 1901 to 1917, inclusive, is 477.

Tatile Koniun, Shumagin Group.—This island was leased in 1914
to Andrew Grosvold, of Sand Point, for a period of five years, be-
ginning July 1, 1914. Mr. Grosvold has reported that on November
15, 1917, there were 37 pairs of foxes on the island.

Litigation has been carried on for a number of years between F. E.
Whelpley and Andrew Grosvold in respect to the latter’s rights on
Little Koniuji Island. Foxing operations having been undertaken
on the island by Mr. Whelpley before Mr. Grosvold secured a lease
of it from the Department of Commerce, suit was instituted by Mr.
Whelpley contesting Mr. Grosvold’s rights. On August 2, 1916,
Judge Brown, of the District Court of Alaska, in session at Valdez,
decided adversely to Mr. Whelpley. Tne case was taken by him to
the Circuit Court of Appeals at San Francisco. The decision of that
court on April 1, 1918, affirmed the action of the lower court.

Marmot Island.—This island is situated near Afognak Island and
was leased in 1916 to O. L. Grimes, of Kodiak, for a period of five
years, beginning September 1, 1916. Under date of February 2, 1918,
Mr. Grimes advised that he had forfeited the lease.

Pearl Island, Chugach Group.—This island was leased in 1917 to
I. D. Nordyke, of Seldovia, for a period of five years, beginning
July 1, 1917.

FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY.
PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE WORK.

In addition to various lines of work which are more or less routine
in character from year to year the Bureau devoted considerable
attention in 1917 to the subject of the utilization of products of the
Pribilof Islands not heretofore used to any considerable extent. <A
part of the Bureau’s efforts looking toward the exploitation of pre-
viously unused products culminated successfully while other lines of
effort were being continued at the end of the calendar year. For the
first time the Bureau was able to use one of its own vessels for the
carrying of general cargo to and from the islands. Increased appro-
priations by Congress permitted sending to the islands materials for
several new buildings, for repairing others, and for improving the
water-supply system for the village on St. George Island. A census
of the seal herds was again taken. The more important activities
are taken up in detail under appropriate headings.

PERSONNEL.

The statutory employees of the Bureau on the Pribilof Islands in
1917 are listed in the introduction. As a matter of record the fol-
lowing information in regard to their activities and in regard to
certain temporary employees is given:

Agent and Caretaker Proctor, of St. George Island, arrived there
from the States on June 7, relieving G. Dallas Hanna, who had been
in charge of the Bureau’s work on the island since the previous
October. Agent and Caretaker Fassett left St. Paul Tales tempo-
rarily in December, leaving Mr. Hanna in general charge of the work
there. Dr. W. Byrd Hunter, formerly physician on St. Paul Island,
having reentered the Bureau’s service, arrived at St. Paul Island
July 23 to resume his duties as physician. Dr. Miles, who was
relieved by Dr. Hunter, was transferred to St. George Island, relieving
Dr. H. P. Adams, who left St. George for the States August 2. Mr.
Hanna was in general charge of the fur-seal census. He was assisted
by other members of the Bureau’s regular force and by Dr. Harold ©
Heath, of Stanford University. Mrs. G. Dallas Hanna had charge of
the junior school on St. George Island during the school year 1916-17.
Mrs. A. H. Proctor took charge of this school for the school year
1917-18. Mrs. W. Byrd Hunter was employed as a nurse on St. Paul
Island beginning August 1. Warden phere: E. Crompton, havin
been detailed for duty at the Pribilofs, reported at St. Paul Islan
on June 8. Arnold C. Reynolds was relieved temporarily of his
duties as school-teacher on St. George Island on October 15, his work
being taken up by Mr. Crompton. Mr. Reynolds left for the States
December 15. Warden H. C. Scudder, who reported at St. Paul
yaad for duty in September, 1916, left there July 31, 1917, for
Seattle.

70

FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 71

PURCHASE AND TRANSPORTATION OF SUPPLIES.

Food, fuel, and clothing for the natives, supplies for the general
use of the Bureau’s stations, materials for repairs and construction
of buildings, and salt and barrels for preserving and packing seal-
skins were for the most part forwarded to the islands from Seattle.

Practically all the supplies purchased in 1917 for the Pribilofs
were secured from dealers who had made the most favorable terms
in response to the Bureau’s requests for competitive bids. As in
previous years, the major portion of the Bureau’s requirements for
the season of 1917 were described in a series of appropriate schedules
which were printed in pamphlet form and distributed among pros-
pective bidders. Owing to the disturbed conditions which obtained
in 1917, many substitutions had to be made for the commodities
regularly used in the past and unusual difficulty was experienced in
obtaining satisfactory bids.

About 300 tons of supplies which had been held in Seattle since
the preceding fall, because facilities were not available for their
transportation, were placed aboard the U. 8S. S. Saturn on May 20
and delivered in due time at the Pribilof Islands. The Bureau is
under obligations to the Department of the Navy for the assistance
furnished by the Saturn.

Through the courtesy of the Coast Guard the cutter Unalga, which
left Seattle on May 3, carried a considerable quantity of supplies for
the Pribilofs. The Bureau’s supplies, together with some for the
St. Paul radio station, totaled probably 50 tons by measurement.
The vessel reached the Pribilofs with the supplies early in June.

The Bureau’s steamer Foosevelt left Seattle on July 7 with a cargo
of approximately 275 tons of supplies for the Pribilofs. Minor addi-
Baal sacilies were taken aboard at Unalaska. The shipment con-
sisted in part of materials for six houses to be constructed for the use
of natives and for the improvement of the village water supply on
St. George Island. The vessel arrived at St. George Island hie Oke

The Roosevelt left Seattle with a second cargo of supplies, consisting
chiefly of foodstuffs and clothing, on September 7. An accident to
the vessel’s machinery caused the master to deem it advisable for the
vessel to return to Seattle for repairs. The ship again left Seattle on
October 23, arriving at St. George Island on November 13.

Landing supplies at Pribilofs.—It seems strange that under modern
conditions no substitute which would be recognized without question
as being superior to the primitive native boat, the bidarra, for lighter-
ing supplies ashore at the Pribilof Islands has been obtained. How-
ever, the bidarra is by no means an ineffective contrivance. In dis-
charging cargo at St. George in 1917 several loads of 84 tons dead-
weight each were carried, but such loadings can only be carried when
little or no swell is running.

The use of canvas in place of sea-lion skins as covers for bidarras
was tried in an experimental way on one at St. George Island in
1916. In order to protect the canvas from rocks, chafing strips of
half-round oak were placed on this bidarra in 1917. ‘The strips
accomplished all that was expected of them. The agent in charge
at St. George believes that the canvas-covered bidarra will prove as
useful as those covered with sea-lion skins and that !ess labor will be
required to keep it in repair.

72 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917,

As between the use of canvas or sea-lion skins as covers for bidarras,
each material has some advantage over the other. With the great
diminution in the supply of sea lions, the finding of some substitute
for sea-lion skins seemed imperative. Sea-lion skins will withstand
without puncture greater blows against jagged rocks than will can-
vas, and tor this reason may be looked upon as being to some extent
safer.

NEW BUILDINGS AND REPAIR WORK.

The act of Congress making appropriations for sundry civil ex-
penses of the Government for the Hepa year 1917, and for other pur-
poses, contained an item providing $20,000 for new buildings and
other improvements at the Pribilof Islands. The appropriation
became available too late to permit the purchase and chiptnele of
supplies to the islands in the calendar year 1916.

Tt was decided that a number of new buildings, including houses
for the natives and salt houses for use in salting and storing seal-
skins, repairs to existing buildings, and improvements to the water-
supply systems for the villages were the most urgent requirements.

Six houses of the ‘‘knock-down” type were purchased and sent to
the islands in 1917, four to St. Paul and two to St. George. The

lans provided that each house should have a kitchen, living room,
baton and three bedrooms, all on one floor. It was provided
also that the roof of each should be sufficiently high to permit the
construction of two additional rooms on a second floor at small cost,
although it was thought that the accommodations on the first floor
would be sufficient for any of the large families on the islands. The
agent on St. Paul Island, however, made modifications in the plans
furnished him with the result that additional material will be re-
quired to complete the construction of four houses. On St. George
other work interfered with beginning the erection of the two houses
for that island until so late in the season that it was deemed adyvis-
able to postpone their construction until the spring of 1918.

In 1917 there were also shipped to the islands the major part of the
materials for two salt houses, one for St. Paul and one for St. George,
and for the proposed new water-supply system for St. George Island,
as well as miscellaneous supplies for repairing already existing build-
ings. It is proposed to send the balance of the materials, including
the supplies for the water-supply system on St. Paul Island, in 1918.

USE OF STEAMER ‘‘ROOSEVELT.”

Previous to 1917 the Bureau in securing the transportation of
persons and supplies to and from the Pribilofs had to depend upon
courtesies afforded by other departments and upon private vessels
hired or chartered. ih 1917 the Bureau was able to make use of a
vessel of its own, the Roosevelt, for the major part of the year’s work.
The Bureau was particularly fortunate in not being obliged to secure
a igately-onrei vessel, when the demand for shippmg was so keen.

he Roosevelt arrived at Seattle on April 23, 1917, completing her
voyage from the Atlantic seaboard. The principal use made of the
vessel for the remainder of the year was the transportation of sup-
plies and employees between Seattle and the Pribilofs. Two trips
were made from Seattle to the islands. .

FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. "3

On the first trip the vessel left Seattle July 7 and arrived at St.
George Island July 21, having touched en route at Ketchikan, Akutan,
and Unalaska. After discharging a part of the St. George cargo the
vessel left for St. Paul Island on July 22, arriving there on the 23d.
The work of discharging cargo, taking aboard sealskins, fox skins,
bones, and other products of the islands for delivery at Seattle, and
affording transportation to employees between St. Paul and St.
George Islands, occupied the time until August 1, when the Roose-
velt left for Seattle. The vessel stopped at Akutan, Ketchikan, and
Prince Rupert on the way and Seattle was reached on August 18.
An accident which occurred to the machinery soon after the vessel
left Akutan caused some delay and a reduction in speed for the bal-
ance of the trip to Seattle. ,

The Roosevelt left Seattle with another cargo of supplies September
7 and arrived at Ketchikan September 11. An accident having
occurred to the machinery the vessel returned to Seattle for repairs.
A start was again made from Seattle October 23 and the Pribilotg
were reached November 13, stops having been made en route at
Ketchikan, Akutan, and Unalaska. Before returning to Seattle
the Roosevelt made a trip from the islands to Unalaska for a supply
of coal, 265 tons, which it delivered at the islands. The vessel foal
left the Pribilofs on December 17, 1917, and arrived at Seattle on
January 14, 1918. Stops were made en route at Unalaska, Akutan,
Sand Point, Cold Bay, Cordova, and Ketchikan. When the vessel
left the islands on December 17, there was taken along, at the re-
quest of the officer in charge of the St. Paul radio station, a man who
had been employed as cook at that station but who had become in-
sane.. The man later became so violent that he was turned over to
the civil authorities at Unalaska, facilities for caring for him aboard
the Roosevelt being inadequate.

NATIVES OF THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

The Bureau is developing ways and means whereby the natives of
the Pribilofs may be enabled to support themselves and to secure
benefits for themselves individually over and above the bare necessi-
ties of life in proportion as they are industrious, economical, and
thrifty. They now receive $5 in cash for each fox skin taken
for the Government, and arrangements have been made whereby
they receive payment for seal and other bones gathered for sale.
It is probable that when definite plans are rib for commercial
sealing operations in 1918 some arrangement will be had whereby
the natives will receive compensation in money for their sealing work
in proportion to the number of properly taken skins.

HEALTH.

Physicians were maintained on both St. Paul and St. George Islands
throughout the year.

As the result of suggestions made by the resident physician on
St. Paul Island, Dr. W. Byrd Hunter, the following instructions were
issued September 11, 1917, for both islands.

(a) The physician shall have direct charge of all matters pertaining to health and

sanitation on the island. ‘This, however, is not to be independent of the general
authority of the agent in charge, as divided control in administrative matters is re-

74 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

garded as prejudicial to the interests of the Bureau and without compensating
benefit.

(b) The physician shall keep an accurate record of all cases treated, giving name of
patient, diagnosis, treatment, and results. He shall also make periodical physical
examinations of all natives and record findings on health cards kept in the dispensary
for this purpose. These records shall be open to inspection by proper persons.

(c) The physician shall report daily to the agent in charge the names of workmen
who are totally disabled, those partially disabled, and those detained at home on
account of sickness in the family. These men shall not be called upon for work unless
approved by the physician.

(d) The physician shall report monthly to the agent in charge all medical and
surgical cases treated during the month, giving the results of treatment; number of
births, giving name, sex, and date of birth; number of deaths, giving name, age,
sex, and cause of death; and other pertinent information. The forms of blanks sub-
mitted by the agent under date of December 5, 1916, for birth certificates, death
certificates, reports of surgical operations, and christening certificates are approved
by the Bureau and will be used until otherwise directed. Copies are to be furnished
to the Bureau.

(ec) The physician shall report at least annually to the Commissioner of Fisheries
all medical, surgical, sanitary, or other work done during the year or period covered
by such report, offering any recommendations for health improvement he may deem
necessary. This report shall begin when the last preceding report ended, so that
there will be no period of time not covered by areport. The original and two copies
of each report shall be delivered to the agent in charge, who will forward the original
to the Commissioner of Fisheries with such comments as he deems proper, retain one
copy for the official files of the island, and forward one copy to the agent in charge
of St. George Island for the information of the physician on thatisland. A copy shall
also be retained in the files of the dispensary on St. Paul Island.

(f) The physician is authorized to condemn supplies of foodstuffs when he knows
beyond any reasonable doubt that they are unfit for human or other consumption.

(g) The physician shall make weekly inspections of all houses in the village and the
surrounding grounds and report to the agent in charge any person breaking the health
regulations.

(h) From time to time the physician will make necessary inspections of the live
stock.

(i) Owing to the nature of the physician's work and the likelihood of his being
called at any time, day or night, he will not be required to do any station work other
than his regular duties unless the circumstances are unusual or of an emergency
nature. The physician will no doubt at times be glad to assist in some phases of the
work not directly. connected with his duties.

St. Paul Island.—In October an epidemic of influenza assumed
such proportions that the vigor of the natives was materially im-

aired and fall sealing operations were noticeably affected.

The use of the hospital on St. Paul has been continued to advantage.
The Bureau was fortunate in being able to arrange for the cooperation
and services of a trained nurse, the wife of the resident physician.

It was reported that the new priest for the native congregation
had shown a willingness to cooperate in an educational way in
lessening insanitary church customs. )

St. George Island.—In March, 1917, there broke out on this island
an epidemic reported by the physician as varicella. The epidemic
reached its height in April and continued into May. There were
about 48 cases, and all occurred in children under 10 years of age.
The physician called attention to the long lapse of time between the
arrival of the last steamer, which reached the island November 3,
1916, and the commencing of the epidemic, March 21, 1917, a period
of four and one-half months. Later in the year there was an epidemic
of influenza, said to have been introduced from Unalaska. There
were a number of mild cases, a few serious ones, and one death
resulted.

FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 15
SCHOOLS.

The Bureau recognizes the value of employing proper educational
methods on the islands and is endeavoring to make its system of
instruction increasingly effective in developing the character of the
children. The responsibility resting upon those who are employed
as teachers can not be too strongly emphasized, and, on the other
hand, it is equally important that they be furnished with facilities
and in other ways afforded the fullest possible opportunities for
performing their duties.

St. Paul Island.—The 1916-17 school year began September 12,
1916, and ended June 1, 1917. Two regular teachers are employed
on this island, and senior and junior schools are maintained. At
the opening of the schools on September 12, 1916, the combined
enrollment of pupils numbered about 64.

The following extracts are taken from the joint report submitted
by the teachers for the year 1916-17:

As in the two preceding years, there has been a preparatory class for children before
they begin regular first-grade work. These are children 4 and 5 years of age. There
have been 11 pupils in this class. The attendance has been very irregular. This
was due partly to the severity of the weather during the winter. There has been
some training of hand and eye, the phonetic value of the alphabet has been taught,
but no attempt has been made to teach these children to read. The greater part of
the period devoted to this class (2 p. m.—3 p. m.) has been used in giving the children
an English vocabulary.

The junior school building is a pleasant and well-lighted room, but it is altogether
too small; the floor space is so limited that it does not admit of activities or games for
the little ones.

The work in arithmetic has been arranged in grades. Concrete examples have
been found necessary; blocks, sheets of paper, pencils, and other objects have been
in constant use. Fractions were taught by means of cardboard circles cut into equal
parts. Some of the pupils soon discarded this method and were able to think in
the abstract, but many can never get beyond the “‘finger stage’”’ in arithmetic. The
number sense is developed in practically all children at a later age than other con-
cepts. This is particularly true of the Aleut child. This sense is dormant until
nearly the tenth year with the average, but it must be admitted that there is difficulty
in speaking of the average child, for some are extremely dull and apathetic, while
others would compare favorably with children in the States.

Geography with the younger ones began ‘‘at home.’’ The pupils know their own
island so well, from having visited all parts, that when the map of St. Paul is placed
before them they are able to identify capes, small islands, straits, peninsulas, etc.
This has led on to outline maps of North America and South America, dwelling par-
ticularly on the United States. Globe work has been coordinated continually with
other map studies. Localities mentioned in the reading lessons have been pointed
out at the time of reading. The pupils take an interest in the staple products brought
to the islands and wish to know where ‘‘they grow” and what they ‘‘grow on,” thus
touching on nature study in its practical phases. With the older pupils a correlation
of history with geography has been worked out in a simple manner. Reading, con-
versation, and composition and spelling on the same subject have been the chief
studies, since nothing can be done with other textbooks unless the knowledge of the
reading and conversation is sufficient.

A test of the conversational power of the pupils in English was made in the senior
school. For a week all pupils were allowed to communicate with each other, with
the condition that no Aleut word should be used. Of course during recitations gen-
eral talking was not allowed. About 70 per cent were able to communicate all their
wants and wishes to each other and to make comments on readings. It has been
observed that occasionally outside school hours the children have chosen to use only
English in playing some games.

About 50 books which were to be discarded were presented to the schools by the
Seattle Public Library. As there was almost nothing in the way of a school library,
and as these books were especially suited to younger children, they have been in
constant demand and have been greatly appreciated. ‘‘The Youth’s Companion,”
“The American Boy,” and ‘“‘St. Nicholas,’’ which have been supplied to the school

/

76 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

are too difficult for most of the children to read, but the pictures have been enjoyed
and have led to many inquiries. Both the books and magazines have been loaned
to voung people out of school, who have read them eagerly.

At Christmas time a public entertainment was given by the two schools, in which
every child took part. All the parents were invited, and a large number attended
and seemed interested in the way the children took their parts.

During March, April, and May all the older girls had a sewing lesson once a week.
Almost all the native women crochet very well, but only a few of them sew well.
Crocheted doilies and lace are found in every house, but buttonholes are seldom
made (safety pins are substituted), and a torn garment never is mended. The sewing
has been taught with the hope that a practical use may be made of it. It is recom-
mended that material be furnished the school, and that not only sewing, but also
knitting and darning lessons, be a part of the regular course for all the girls.
Sometimes children who are slightly deficient mentally can do creditable work with
the hands.

The older pupils have been excused from school several times during the school
sessions to engage in various kinds of work on the island. During the latter part of
the school year they did efficient work in gathering refuse and in general cleaning
around the buildings of the village.

The reports which have come from the boys at Chemawa are good. These boys
seem to be doing satisfactory work and to be contented. In regard to industrial
work, it is suggested that more of the boys who go to Chemawa take up various branches
of elementary mechanical work, such as blacksmithing, plumbing, and care of simple
gasoline motors, etc., a line of work much needed on these islands.

In commenting on this report the Bureau approves the recom-
mendation that instruction in needlework and knitting be made a

art of the regular curriculum for the girls. Arrangements have
as made to provide necessary materials.

St. George Island.—A senior and a junior school are maintained on
this island. The senior school includes in general all the children
between the ages of 6 and 16 years of age. ‘The junior school is con-
ducted principally for preparing the younger children, those under
the Pecalla school age of 6 years, for entrance into the larger school.

The senior school for the session of 1916-17 opened September 5,
1916, and closed April 27, 1917. Thirty-three pupils were in attend-
ance, 15 boys and 18 girls. In giving instruction object lessons and
concrete examples were used wherever practicable. In language work
emphasis was placed ates the use of English, which, strange as it
may seem, is not the habitual language of the children, although
schools have been maintained at the Pribilofs under the supervision
of the Government for nearly 50 years. Some of the older pupils are
beginning to read the simpler stories in magazines. In arithmetic
stress is placed upon practical problems. Attention was given to
writing, geography, history, and spelling.

One of the classes studied a number of chapters of ‘‘Good Health,”
by Frances Gulick Jewett. This book is written in a form suitable
for Pribilof children. An epidemic of chicken pox, which occurred
on St. George Island in the year, was utilized to advantage in the way
of furnishing subject matter for instruction in health problems, and
the teacher’s knowledge of bacteriology was also of use to him in
imparting elementary information. Efforts were made to improve
the moral and physical condition of the pupils, and physical-culture
drills were given each morning.

The junior school was opened on October 1,'1916, and closed Ma
31,1917. Nine children were in attendance. The report of the wor
in this school, submitted by the teacher in charge of it, indicated that
considerable ingenuity had been exercised in devising methods for
interesting the small children.

FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. nT

The senior school reopened for the school year 1917-18 on October
8, 1917, with an attendance of 33 pupils, 15 boys and 18 girls; the
junior school on September 4, 1917, with an attendance of 8 pupils,
5 boys and 3 girls.

LInbrary books.—About 400 books were forwarded to the islands for
general use, these having been obtained for that purpose from the
Library of Congress by the Bureau’s librarian. The books were
divided between St. Paul and St. George Islands. The agent in charge
of St. George Island reported that a large portion of the books received
by him seemed to be particularly fitted for use in the school and that
a selection would be made to form the nucleus of a school library.
Mention is also made of the presentation of about 50 books to the St.
Paul schools by the Seattle Public Library. These books were
especially suited to younger children. The teachers on St. Paul Island
state. that they have been in constant demand and have been
greatly appreciated.

Attendance at Salem Indian Training School—The Bureau encour-
ages the attendance of children of the Pribilofs at the Salem Indian
Training School at Chemawa, Oreg. On December 31, 1917, there
were in attendance at this school from St. Paul Island the following:
Toaniky Emanoff, Agrafina Fratis, Julia (Ouliana) Fratis, Martha
Fratis, Peter T. Kochergin, Alfey Melovidov, Terenty Merculieff, and
Daniel Shabalin. George Lekanof, of St. George Island, was also in
attendance at the school on December 31. Alexey Emanoff, of St.
Paul Island, who entered the school in October, 1915, and subse-
quently, on account of his health, left for the school at the Fort
Lapwai Sanitarium, Lapwai, Idaho, was still at the sanitarium on
December 31. Constantine Lestenkof, of St. George Island. who
entered the school in August, 1914, returned home in 1917. C. Jdren
who attend the school at Chemawa do not always return to the
Pribilofs to live.

It has been stated that the children from the Pribilof Islands are
noticeably among the very best coming to the school from any place,
that they give less trouble than any other group of children, cad that
their progress is very satisfactory. .

MOTION PICTURES.

In 1916 the Bureau sent to St. Paul Island 100,000 feet of motion-
picture films. The material was supplied chiefly for the purpose of
affording instruction and recreation to the natives. Employees of
the radio station on the island agreed to supply a machine for showing
the pictures. The natives received the entertainments provided most
enthusiastically. Comedy, news, and educational subjects appeared
to be the most appreciated. Owing to the undoubted value of this
form of entertainment, another supply of films was sent to St. Paul in
1917. The Bureau rents the pictures for the winter season or until
such time as they can be returned in the following spring or summer.

SAVINGS ACCOUNTS.

A number of the natives of the Pribilofs have personal funds which
have been placed by them in the custody of the United States Com-
missioner of Fisheries as trustee. Throughout the year 1917 these

78 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

funds were kept on deposit with the Washington Loan & Trust Co.,
Washington, D.C. Each native whose funds are concerned has the
privilege of securing any portion of his share at any time upon request.

The funds on deposit draw interest at the rate of 3 per cent per
annum, which is calculated on monthly balances. Interest is credited
semiannually. The Commissioner’s records of the funds are subject
to an auditing every six months by the disbursing clerk for the
Department.

On January 1, 1917, the total amount of the funds, including
interest, $70.78, credited on that date was $4,729.36. Funds of
Polyxenia Merculiof, of St. George Island, amounting to $107.41,
were deposited March 8, 1917. Interest credited July 1, 1917,
amounted to $68.52. Withdrawals during the year amounted to
$516.67. The balance on December 31, 1917, including interest,
$66.36, credited on that date was $4,454.98.

PRIBILOF IstaNpS Natives’ SAVINGS ACCOUNTS IN THE CUSTODY OF THE UNITED
STATES COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES, AS TRUSTEE, Dec. 31, 1917.

Funds of— Amount. Funds of— Amount.
St. Paul Island: St. Paul Is!and—Continued.

Bourdukofsky, Apollon $205. 64 Merculieti Paul A’ (32-555. eens $13. 86
Bourdukofsky, Peter 137. 33 Merculiet.Terenty-- o-.-2-e- eee eee 35. 39
Diakanof, Auxenia (Mrs. C. : Oustigofi;»Peter-2: 2-2 6. ees eee 71. 65
13 (03 of Bee ee eae he 23. 56 Pankoff, Agrippina........ Bae 314. 48
Emanoff, Alexey @ AS 270. 41 Pankoff, Maria M.......... 39. 46
Fratis, Agrifina @........ Li 85. 00 Rukovishnikoff, Elisaveta. - 13. 49
Fratis, Akalina @.......- ie 500. 93 pedick Waning s-2— eres asec 2 15. 53
Fratis, Marthaa........ --| - 84.98 Teton, Vikenty MLC? S3i3 Seca 39. 45

Fratis, Ouliana @.......... se 84.98 |} St. George Island:
Gromomlallianig te ace. cnet osteee 868. 53 Galanin Marys icc. -. ease eee 264. 26
Hanson: Jonnss.tces cscoshcas css ete 46. 58 Lestenkof, Michael 206. 65
Kozlott, Parasc0vide - oc. see eece sens 179. 60 Merculiof, Agrifina ee 113.18
Rankotiedleta =a 4 se yea de sees 108. 89 Merculiof, Joseph..........-. oat ri lavith
Mandregan, Alexandra M.b.......... 39. 46 Merculiof, Polyxenia...............- 109. 83
Melovidov, Alfey-..i-25---.<222025-2 39. 46 Philomonois Mary ic: a: sseceeecueeee 108. 49
Melovidov, Anton................... 3.40 PhilomonotsZoyas_see.en cee. comes 107.35
Melowid Ow, MOSCL on ose ccmiciciec weiciene 39. 46 Shane, Michael. os. 4.22, esas sanheeeen 76. 55
Merculieff, Dosofey...........-...- 35. 39 Zacharof, Emanuel--......522.322262 - 29. 21
Mercnliefi, Makary..: -s...-.c.0..ee. 35. 39 ———
Merculieff, Mariamna..............- 35. 39 Total... i0<0secsctssceseeeeseeeeee 4, 454. 98

4 Not living on islands in 1917. » Formerly Alexandra Melovidov. ¢ Deceased, estate undivided.

CENSUS.

In order to make certain facts in regard to the inhabitants of the
Pribilof Islands a matter of official record an annual census is taken
of the natives on each island. The census in 1917 was taken as of
March 31 and the more salient details follow:

FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY.

79

Natives ResIpENT on St. Paut Istanp, AtasKa, Mar. 31, 1917.

eee — ——
—=—?

Age
Names of individuals | last
(grouped by families). ea
ay

Balakshin, Matrona..| 68

Bourdukofsky, Apol- 63
lon.

Bourdukofsky, Peter-| 37

Bourdukofsky, Alex- 25
andra

Bourdukotsky, Helen 11

Peceaatotshy: Mar- 5

tha.

Buterin, Constantine -
Buterin, Marina...... 26

Buterin, Alexandra... 4
Buterin, Karp.-...-.-. 65
Buterin, Parascovia . 62
Buterin, Tuliania EF. . 8
Buterin, Maxim K.. 4
Emanoff, Mary......- 42
Emanoff, Mamant....| 10
Emanoff, Maxim ..... 5
Emanoff, Peter? 223. ¥4 13
Mratis; JODN-— 2... 30
Fratis, Snandulia....- 26
Fratis, Aniesa) 223-5: (a)
Fratis, JU eee 4
Fratis, Wawideee to 6
Galaktionoff, Lukia.-| 40
Galaktionoff, Aggey .. 10
Galaktionoff, Elena... 7
Galaktionoff, Maria... 14
Galaktionoff, Matronal 13
Gromoff, Tuliania..... 48
Gromoff, lary S.<- 2 15
Hanson, Anna.......- 16
iGanson, clone. senis-|| 20
Hanson, Chionia.....-| 21
Hapoff, Nekita..-.... 28
Hapoff, Parascovia-.-.| 28
Hapoff, JoHnes 3 2 8
Hapoff, Platonida. - - - 6
Hapoff, Valentina. ... 2
Kochergin, Gregory.-| 39
Kochergin, Agafia.... 38
Kochergin, Gavriel S. 5
Kochutin, Jacob...... 65

Kochutin, Alexandra.| 53

Kochutin, ee 46
Kochutin; Klavdia. 36
Kochutin) Brena - 2). 2 13
Kochutin; Simeon.... 5
Kochutin, Theodore..| 28
Kochutin, Maria...... 30
Kochutin, Anna: ....1 2
Kochutin, Avgusta... ra
Kochutin’ Jacob...... (a)
Kochutin, Karp...... 11
Kochutin, Nekifer.... 4
Kochutin, Prascodia . 8
Kochutin, Zenovia. . 48
Kochutin; Innokenty. 14
Kozeroff, Uvanaly....} 28
Kozeroff, Fekla-). i 22
Kozeroff, Alexandra... 2
Kozeroff, VASSAL seewcs (a)

Birthplace.

St. Paul Island.

Unalaska, Alaska.

St. Paul Island.
Marjovi, Alaska.

St. Paul Island.
Do.

Do.

St. George Island.

St. Paul Island.

Do.
Unalaska, Alaska.
St. Faul Island.

Atka, Alaska.
St. at Island.

De.

Do.
Unalaska, Alaska.

St. Paul Island.

St. George Island.

St. Paul Island.

Do.
St. George Island.
St. Paul [sland.
Do.

Names of individuals
(grouped by families).

Kozhevnikoff, Paul...

Kozhevnikoff, Maria. -

Kozhevnikoff, Evdo-
kia.

Kozloff, Michael......
Kozloff, lustinia.....-
KozloteOlpat oe. 28
Kozloff, Raisa.-......

Kozloff, Nicolai.......
Kozlofi, Olga... 4.

Krukoff, Vassa.-...-.
Krukoff, Daniel......
Krukoff, Samuel......

Krukoff, Ekaterina...

Krukoff, John........
Krukoff, Tileta-.=-+ 82
Krukoff, Alexandra. .
Krukoff, Kleopatra. .
Krukoff, Tatiana.....

Krukoff, Metrofan....
Krukoff, Pelagia...-.-
Krukoff, Matfey......
Krukoff, Paulees oees

Kushin, Elena.......-
Kushin, John H.-....

Kushin, Michael......
Kushin) Matrona.....
Kushin, Anton F.....
Kushin, Glekeria.....

Mandregan, Inno-
kenty.

Mandregan, Maria-.

Mandregan, Agafia.. 52

Mandregan, Nekifer . .

Melovidoy, Anton ..
Meloy idov, Alexandra

Melovidoy, Solomonia
Meloy idov, Alexandra
Melov idov, Alfey .....
Melovidov, losef.-....

Merculieff, Agafia.....
Merculiefi, Dosofey -..
Merculieff, Makary -
Merculieff, Mariamna
Merculieff, Terenty -.

Merculieff, John. .....
Merculieff, Evdokia...
Merculieff, Leonty....
Merculieff, Serafima. -

Merculieff, Paul--.....
Merculieff, Maria .

sgn! Abraham

Merculieff, Paul A....

2 Infant.

Birthplace.

St. Paul Island.
St. George Island.
St. Paul Island.

Do.
\iska Island, Alaska.
St. Paul Island.

Do.

0.
Holy Cross Mission,
Alaska.

Unalaska, Al-ska.

St. Paul Island.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Kamchatka, Siberia.
St. Paul Island.

Do.
St. George Island.
St. ae Island.
0.

Marjovi, Alaska.
St. Paul Island.

Do.
St. Michael, Alaska
St. anl Island.
0

Do.
‘Umnak Island,
Alaska.

St. Paul Island.
Do.

Do.
Unalaska, Alaska.
St. Paul Island.

Do.

80

ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

Natives ResipEnt on St. Paun Istanp, AnaAska, Mar. 31, 1917—Continued.

SEES ellSSSSEOEEEEESESE>EQOSSSEESEOHOEDEEE™EES |.

Age
Names of individuals | last
(grouped by families). | birth-

Birthplace.

Age
Names of individuals | last
(grouped by families). | birth-

Birthplace.

day. day.
Nozekoff, Simeon... .. 40 | Unalaska, Alaska. Shaposhnikoff, Para- 50 | St. Paul Isl
Nozekoff, Haretina R.| 9 | St. Paul Island. seta. alana
Nozekoff, Maria...-... 19 Do.
Nozekoff, John T..... 12 Do. ey Do oh ae ea Do.
Stepetin, Lubov...... 3 Do.
Oustigoff, Neil...-.... 26 Do. Stepotint Epatys. 22 7 Do.
Oustigoff, Mary....-..} 21 Do. sheds be olina . : Do.
Stepetin, Xenia....-..| 18 Do.
Oustigoff, Peter... -.. 52 | St. George Island.
Oustigoff, Flena...... 43 | St. Paul Island. Stepetin, Flary....... 53 Do.
Oustigoff, Andronik . - 1 Do. Stepetin, Nis st ae ee 38 | Unalaska, Alaska
Oustigoff, Dmitri... .. 12 | Unalaska, Alaska. Stepetin, Andrey....- 3 | St. Paul Island. —
Oustigoff, Parascovia. 8 | St. Paul Island. Beer ae eat via 13 Do.
stepetin, Peter....... 8 Do.
Pankoff, Porfiry...... 55 Do. ree
Pankoff, Varvara..... 35 | Attu Island, Alaska. |} Stepetin, John........ 37 Do.
Pankoff, Maria M..... 7 | St. Paul Island. aiebes in, ee Besne anc 36 Do.
tepetin, Alexandra. - 6 i
Pankoff, Vlass........] 29 Do. Siepeti: Wistion..A 12 De
Pankoff, Agrippina...} 28 Do. Biepeey es agen tok 8 Do.
tepetin, Olga... 1... 10 Do.
Rukovishnikof, Ste- | 36 Do. BiepEtan Vasilii/. 28) 15 Do.
an.
Rukovehiikod, Eli- 29 Do. Stepetin, Wasiit ce. 2 24 Do.
saveta. tepetin, Mavra...... 18 Do.
eee, An-| 1 Do. Baty Auxenty....| 9 Do.
Loe he nt Elo- 1 Do. Tetoff Neon... Rit F\: ao | age
Rukovishnikot, Geo] 4] Do. Peto, enpping. A
ee re ae pee ammnenle-he |
Casieke 5 off, Cees ae 0.
Rukovishnikoff, Marfa 7 Do. Tetotl, Dmitri ees 19 Do.
: v etoff, Ekaterina..... (@) 0.
Sedick, Feodosey..... “3 Do. Tetoff, Erena......... 17 Do.
Sedick, Innokenty....| 32 Do. Tetoff, Sosepatra..... : ~
Sedick, Ripsimia..-.. 24 Do.
Sedick, Feofania...... 6 Do. Tetofi,’ Reten. 222k 52 Do.
Sedick, Lavrenty..... 1 Do. Tetoft, Maria... . 02. 55 | St. George Island.
Sedick, Leonty....... 3 Do. Tetoff, Vikenty M.... 6 | St. Paul Island.
Sedick, John.........- 19 Do. ae
F F Tetoff, Zachar 37 Do.
Sedick, Marina.......) 18 Do. Tetofl, Daria..-.... 1 36 | St. George Island.
Shapatio, Danie... m4] Do. ton ee
Shabalin, Matrona....) 16 Do. Tetoft, Tatiana ae 1 Do.
Shaishnikoff, George..| 34 Do. Tetoff, Venedict...... a Do,
Shaishnikoff, Evdokia] 26 | Unalaska, Alaska.
Shaishnilkoff, Serge...) 11] St. Paul fsland. Vikaloff, Alexander...} 19 Do.

Natives ResipEnt on St. GEorGeE Istanp, ALASKA, Mar. 31, 1917.

Age Age
Names of individuals | last : Names of individuals | last +
(grouped by families). birth- Birthplace. (grouped by families). |birth- Birthplace.

day. day.
Galanin, Alexander...| 31 | St. George Island. Kashevarof, Peter....| 60 | Kodiak, Alaska.
Galanin, Mary.......- 25 | St. Paul Island. Kashevarof, Anna....| 52 Do.
Galanin, Katherine... 7 | St. George Island. Pavlof, Katherine....| 23 Belkofsky, Alaska.
Galanin, Helena...... 5 Do. Philomonof, Helena..| 12} St. George Island.
Galanin, Moses....... 3 Do.

Kashevarof, Walter...| 29 | Belkofsky, Alaska.

Galanin, John........ 35 Do. Kashevarof, Helena...| 32 | St. George Island.
Galanin, Anna........ 35 | St. Paul Island. Kashevarof, Andrew.. 9 Do.
Galanin, Gabriel...... 7 | St. George Island. Kashevarof, Nina..... 8 Do.
Galanin, Raphael..... 3 Do. Kashevarof, Laurence 6 Do.
Galanin, Xenephont.. 2 Do. Kashevarof, Valen- 4 Do.
Galanin, Augusta..... (a) Do. tine.
Galanin, Akalina..... 54 | St. Paul Island. Kashevarof, Peter.... 3 Do.

@ Infant.

Natives RESIDENT ON St. GEORGE ISLAND, ALASKA,

FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY.

&

81

Mar. 31, 1917—Continued.

Names of individuals
(grouped by families).

Lekanof, Anatole.....

Lekanof, Agnés.:.....
Lekanof, a at
Lekanof, Laurence...

Lekanof, Stepan......
Lekanof, Pelegia......
Lekanof, Sergius......
Nozekof, Paul.......-

Lestenkof, Demetri...
Lestenkof, Alexandra.
Lestenkof, Elizabeth...

Lestenkof, Innokenty.
Lestenkof, Theodore..
Lestenkof, Michael...
Lestenkof, Ludmilla...

Lestenkof, Michael...
Lestenkof, Ouwita-.....
Lestenkof, Anna..-....
Shabolin, Julia........

Malavansky, Nicoli-...
Malavansky, Ripsi-
mia

Malavansky, Wassie-.-
Malavansky, Christo-

pher.
Malavansky, Julia....

Merculiof, George.....
Merculiof, Stepenida-.-
Merculicf, ial) ey eee
Merculiof, Sophia.....
Merculiof, George, jr--
Merculiof, Nicoli:...:.
Merculiof, Alexandra.
Merculiof, Daniel.....
Merculiof, Tetiana....

Merculiof, Joseph.....
Merculio!, Katherine...
Merculiof, Polyxenia..
Merculiof, Joseph, jr--

Merculiof, Vasyi big ees

Merculiof, Nicoli......
Merculiof, Laurence...
Merculiof, Benjamin...
Merculiof; Elizabeth. .
Merculiof, Nicoli, jr...
Merculiof, Angelina...

Birthplace.

St. George Island.

St. Paul Island.

St. George Island.

Do.

Unalaska, Alaska.
St. George Island.

Do.
Do.

Atka, Alaska.
St. Paul Island.

St. George Island.

Atka, Alaska.

St. George Island.

Do.
Do.

Do.

Do.
Akutan, Alaska.
St. G Heorge Island.

Do.

Age
Names of individuals | last
(grouped by families). |birth-

day.
Merculiof, Stepan..... 26
Merculiof, Agrafina...} 19
Merculiof, Natalia.... 2
Merculiof, Nadesda... (2)

Merculiof, Alexandra.| 38

Niderazof, Isidor...... 26
Niderazof, Alexandra.| 25
Niderazof, Clement - . 4
Philomonof, alee -| 66
Philomonof, Zoya. . 24
Philomonof, Ignati. . 17
Philomonof, DTA. ow 15
Philomonof, Badesde, 6
Philomonof, Tsaac. . 4

Philomonof, Andron- 49
* ie.

Philomonof, Zenobia..| 50
Philomonof, Leonti... 22
Philomonof, Alexan- 20

Philomonof, Eoff..... 14
Philomonof, Zoya...-| 31
Swetzof, Agnes....... 10
Swetzof, Eleazar...... 7
Shabolin, Varvara....| 19
Shabolin, Helena..... (a)
Prokopiof, Peter...... 52
Prokopiof, Stepenidé, 40
Prokopiof, Martha... 21
Prokopiof, Marina....}| 19
Prokopiof, Alexander.| 14
Prokopiof, Laurence..} 13
Prokopiof, Fevronia..| 11
Prokopiof, Mary...-... 10
Prokopiof, Anna...... 8

Prokopiof, Afanasia...

Prokopiof, Martha, 2d 6
Prokopiof, Helena... 5
Prokopiof, Sophia. . 3
Prokopiof, Michael... 1
Prokopiof, Alexai..... (a)
Shane, Michael....... 29
Shane, Marina........ 22
Shane, Serefimia...... (a)
Shane, Riese.......... 65
Swetzof, Paul......... 24
Galanin, Fevronia....| 39
Zacharof, Emanuel...| 36
Zacharof, Mary...-... 42
Zacharof, Daria....... 14

Zacharof, Katherine..| 11
Zacharof, Cleopatra...

Birthplace.

Do.
St. Paul Island.
St. George Island.
Do.

Do.

Do.
St. Paul Island.
St. George Island.

Do.
Unalaska, Alaska,
St. George Island.

Do.

Do.

St. Paul Island.
St. aeeree Island.

0.
St. Paul Island.
St. George Island.

Attu, Alaska.
St. George Island.

St. Feu Island.

Do.
St. George Island.
Do.
Do.

99805°—19——19

@ Infant.

82 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

Certain statistical details in regard to the natives of St. Paul and
St. George Islands are as follows:

St. Paul Island:

Resident population June 30, 1916.........c.cccccccccccccccccccccccccccs 192
Births in. period, July 1, 1916, to Mar. 31) 10472... 2... .t epee sien ose cee ae 6
Deaths in period July J, 1916, to Mar. 31, 10)7..- 3. oe oe ae 3
Departures (children to attend Salem Indian Training School at Chemawa,
Ores.) in period July 11916, to Mar. 3179917: o.oo. oe ae
Resident population Mar, 31, 1917 5.22. u dewereccencerecssssssssleseieeceem 193
St. George Island:
Resident population June:30, 1916... 2c w 006s cies s ce - tas = aa 119
Births in period July 1,'1916, to Mar..3)) 1917... cna tec ares acne eee 8
Deaths in period July 1, 1916, to:Mar, 31, 1917... 0.250222... eae eee eee 4
Resident population Mar; 31, VOUT n Bese 2.06 -'60 oo cele nein = = oe 123

It will be noted that the total native population resident on the
islands on March 31, 1917, was 316.

FUR-SEAL HERD.

KILLING OF SEALS.

St. Paul Island.—The first killing of seals on St. Paul Island in
1917 took place on April 6. Killings were continued at intervals
until December 17. In all 25 drives were made. The total number
of seals killed was 4,986, and a corresponding number of skins was
taken.

St. George Island.—On St. George Island the first seals were killed
on May 28, and killing operations were continued until November
10. Twenty-five drives were made in the year. The number of
seals killed in the year was 3,183. In addition to the skins taken
from the seals killed, one was secured from a bull found dead on a
rookery, the total number of skins secured in the year being, there-
fore, 3,184.

From the above it will be noted that the total number of fur seals
killed on both islands in 1917 was 8,169.

Recorp oF Fur Seats Kiztep on Sr. Paun Istanp, ALASKA, IN THE CALENDAR

YEAR 1917.
a - Num- - £
Date. Hauling ground driven. ios Date. Hauling ground driven.
Apr. 6] Sivutch (Sea Lion Rock)........- 257 || Oct. 6 | Gorbatch—parade ground........
May 31] Reef.......-.--------------ee-eee- a 63 16)|....: dO. . ccaisscsmareeeact>ossmaeee
June 11 |..... Gasset te ole onbusseewdeemanceee b73 22 | Reef—parade ground.............
aia Gin evcdes copcseesteeereenens 59 25 |. 6c QDie oe denecesbabine= ss + eee marae
30 |eaeee Gea calocctbcrne cutee esesee a 44] Of locale GO. ...cde Scasseeedeeevecoteueen
July 3 Gorbateh.................--.---0- a 325 || Nov. 1] Reefand Gorbatch...............
Tilesess Q0serckeecewwcsscecuperetesions 382 6) "Zapadnicnc-s-ecccroteaccccecacmea
Dn MR Glass sec stek vw ous scescemeaanas 838 “| Reef Peninsulae ssc. -sccccussbucke
16 | Tolstoi and Lukanin............. c 299 10 | Reefand Gorbatch...............
21 | Gorbatch 23\9'°362' || Dec. 17] Reef Peninswiave22.-- 2.2 steeeaee
Arps alicenee OOesces ee sscoccencs eo-| ©3839 Seals killed between May 16 and
yt PAE: OGwtese eh cchoscasssesgeeeceses 234 Nov. 10, dates inclusive, by
10! eed Ose etccsebecvecsiccserevesios a 286 guards at Northeast Point......
25 | Gorbatch—parade ground........ 6
Sept. 8 |...-- 0s ccsctaeeenwacecerencracssas 5 Total.......cccccccece coccee
pt es) Se eee ee eee ee ee eee

a Includes 1 which died as result of drive, not slaughtered.
b Includes 3 which died as result of drive, not slaughtered.
¢ Includes 2 which died as result of drive, not slaughtered.

FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 83

ReEcorp or Fur SEALs KILLED ON St. GEORGE ISLAND, ALASKA, IN THE CALENDAR
YEAR 1917.

Date. Hauling ground driven. sum Date. Hauling ground driven. stad
Matyas | SLALAVAVATIM . .ccccseesecceecascs 47, ||\cAulgaOMPraADadnl. ...c5..ccceaeescanencee cs cl
Trae, CUM RoR Ase | Seger are te oe 40 PBN CINODE MS < ae Secreta Cae eon ell

Sept
Oct.

July

Nov.

Aug.

a Includes 1 which died as result of drive, not slaughtered.
b Includes 3 which died as result of drive, not slaughtered.
c Seals snared from edge of bachelors on hauling ground, not taken up in a drive.

The corresponding tables for 1916 in the Report on the Alaska Fish-
eries and Fur Industries in 1916 % were incomplete in respect to de-
tails of certain killings made late in the year. In order that these
records may be available, the completed tables for 1916 are now pub-
lished. It will be noted that the number of seals killed on St. George
Island was 2 more than the tentative number stated in the 1916

report.
Recorp or Fur Seats KILLED oN St. Paut IsLAND IN THE CALENDAR YEAR
1916.

Date. Hauling ground driven. a Date. Hauling ground driven. aunt
Mar. 3 Sivutch (Sea Lion Rock)......... 59 || July 29 | Northeast Point .................. 1
MAY, 20 | MOC. oooh an Seeen ceases. CLOW Atie. ila |: LOSE Ole sacs 5 seen Liat: a eae 241

B07 | Northedst hoimt me. ee.t 3s. teks. 1 As Gens Fe Gols sis4s Fetes, Se €117
TpbaSy Gh ARCS Oe Cae ee ee SR ee 67 9)| Northeast Point 28. 3284552 hoe i
Me OO GAM ee os Sees Nc Wee eee 1 ite eGonbatcheasn cece. eee eer tee nase 59
a \eNortheast; Points. o540. 2. 2h In WSept. ssh| @ortheast Point 425752 go er ee 1
RE OLONANA = a5 a) yal. crenata cone cere 1 A>) “GrOnDabGhe soi eens sats ene Be 61
PDA Reereeet eee x. 3-8 TES eB 209
ate Norinesst Points +. 228 251. ee 1 || Oct.
ea Pele CLOVES ere S22 ooo feed dg eee 1
29) Northeast Point:...2- 259. 226235. 5 1
234.) MURA GY2) RE | A I a a Se 60
Zan Northeastiboint 22-22: .lsce.-o- 1 || Nov.
30 | Reef and Gorbatch............... 366
July 5 Northeast Point...... u 1
7 Gil Gorbatehe-.- +). =. . 5 e113

10 | Reef and parade ground

15 | Reef and Gorbatch... i 481
18) Northeast Pome -:2 2052. 22....22 1
20 |) ReelandtGorbatch=% -2 <2). 222 el
TIA RCCheen eet = fees costs een eee 93
D7 AES SE GO eed? opis scien sueio te £195 || Dec.
26 || Reef.and. Gorbatch..-......-.-22 g 284
27)| Northeast Pom 23325532. 2.032 1
29.) Gorbatelieesce ce on. tccescsesctle c178

¢ Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 838.

b Includes 1 which died on drive and 11 which were suffocated on killing field.
¢ Includes 1 which died on drive.

d Includes 2 which died on drive.

¢ Found dead on line of drive of July 15.

J Includes 5 which died on drive.

9 Includes 18 which died on drive.

& Found dead; apparently escaped from drive made for killing of November 28,

84 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

Recorp or Fur Seats KILLED ON St. GEORGE ISLAND IN THE CALENDAR YEAR

Date. Hauling ground driven. her Date. Hauling ground driven. es
June 9] East Cliffs 32° |} tag: «3; |), Bast Clifs......cccccest ee eeeeeee 213
Zapadni 2 BilNorthisccrecst ene 145
15 | North. 2122 aaee 34 8 | East Cliffs... 40
22 | Staraya Arti 49 110;\\ North. s2ecre 94
22 | Zapadni 1 10} Zapadni..... 1
24 east ClISe see mee men nen erate as T2RSIMOGE.) LOsitweaee dian boeenes PL
Oi NOrth ce tese eee were clte sane ae 201 20 | Staraya Artil : 40
29) | Staraya Artie sss..-.oriccievdanns 55 23.) Bast... ..5.<n2n sles: soeee eee 78
July sj] bast Clits: fe per eee oo seeeem nee 115 27 | Staraya Artiland North.......... 88
BINOMGh sik. oem. nate ues taeda oe 169/ || Nov. 1.| ‘Zapadni.l. 225. i.e eeeeeeeeee 6
Val BeaSt Cis! /s-Uoect asst pepe eee 109 2)\ North... o.1-22:2c.tpces see eee a 72
11! | Staraya Arties 2272. obuce eee 71 8. | ‘Staraya,Artil... -jss22-bboseeeee ee 106
19 | INOTtD) 22 Soe Sete eee on ade oe 295 9 | Bast, Reef... 26.225. see 34
1S MEASt WINS AL Sep aa cae feu aie 355 10),) North. .222. 2. - nts eden eeeeeee 26
16) |((Zapadmie sacar eee kee tee 1 14 | North and Staraya Artil.......... b 33
7A ee GO cess sessiten de jess eee Ie 1 16.) North... ..-..- 0.2.45 sooo 12
D4 NOVO Me are eatslslaie aa toe acta Dele Noe ee 128 22,| Staraya, Artil.....2.. Jcseeeeemee 10
Bi | SOA ACI. coc aete sheets. seine 22
142) ML OF YS) ra) cde ee a Se 103 Total. 2... Jccaeckteteeenen 2,985
AE ply || INORG ats o)attemieleansieielamisis se se anes 120
a Includes 1 which died on killing field. b Includes 1 pup accidentally injured.

The number of skins obtained at the Pribilofs does not necessarily
correspond exactly with the number of seals killed, for from time to
time a merchantable skin may be obtained from a seal found dead.

Resumption of commercial killings.—The drastic restrictions placed
upon the killing of fur seals on the Pribilof Islands by the act of Con-
gress, approved August 24, 1912, giving effect to the North Pacific
Sealing Convention of July 7, 1911, terminated August 24,1917. For
five years the killing of seals at the islands had been limited by law
to the number of animals required for the immediate use of the native
inhabitants. The Department planned to place killing operations
on a commercial basis upon the termination of the five-year period.
Inasmuch as the Governments of Great Britain and Japan are each
entitled to a share of sealskins taken commercially on the Pribilof
Islands, the time when commercial operations began must be clearly
established. This date was August 25, 1917. The number of skins
taken on the Pribilofs in the period beginning August 25 and ending
December 31, 1917, both dates inclusive, was 1,948. Eleven hundred
and sixty-six were taken on St. Paul Island and 777 on St. George
Island. Of these 1,943 skins, 1,831 were shipped from the Pribilofs
in December, 1,054 from St. Paul, and 777 from St. George.

UTILIZATION OF WASTE PRODUCTS.

The Bureau continued throughout the year its efforts to utilize in
economic ways products of the Pribilofs which have in the past either
in part or wholly gone to waste. A serious handicap is the isolation
of the islands, which sometimes results in months elapsing before the
completion of investigations which under ordinary conditions could
be completed in as many weeks or even days.

Among the products which the Bureau has endeavored to develop
are bones remaining from former killings of seals and sea lions, seal
intestines as sausage casings, oil and gelatine from seal carcasses,
corned seal shoulders, canned meat, and the gullets or throats of seals.

FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 85

Bone.—The initial shipments of old bone were made from the
Pribilofs in 1917. The first shipment was made on the Roosevelt
leaving the islands in August. The bone was delivered at Seattle and
sold to Elmon A. Geneste, representing the Union Meat Co., of North
Portland, Oreg. The shipment amounted to 32,170 pounds, and the
Bureau received from Mr. Geneste $321.70, or at the rate of $20 per
ton. Natives were paid $179.68 for collecting the material. The
balance, $142.02, was deposited in the Treasury.

The second shipment amounting to 161,400 pounds was made on
the Roosevelt leaving the islands in December. The material was de-
livered to Brady & Co., of Seattle, at that place in January, 1918.
The price at which it was sold was $30 per ton, the gross amount
being $2,421. From this there were deductions of $333.18 for
wharfage, labor in unloading, etc., at Seattle. There was also
deducted the sum of $807, paid 55 natives at the islands, who received
one-half cent per pound for bone collected. Thus the net amount to
be turned into the Treasury was $1,280.82.

In order that bone might be transported in more compact form,
thereby economizing space on the Roosevelt, two small crushers were
shipped to the islands. Delivery was made at the islands too late in
the year to permit the grinding of bone shipped in 1917.

Intestines —A small quantity of salted fur-seal intestines were
shipped from St. Paul Island on the Roosevelt in December, 1917.
Samples of the intestines were submitted to the Bureau of Animal
Industry and to the trade. Preliminary tests made with the view of
utilizing them for sausage casings Were not promising, but observa-
tions made in the course of these tests suggested their suitableness for
sutures, violin strings, tennis rackets, etc. Ordinary so-called catgut
of commerce is made from intestines of sheep. Intestines from fur
seals are thinner and stronger than those from sheep.

Oil and gelatine.—Steps were undertaken to ascertain what possi-
bilities lay in the extraction of oil from seal carcasses. Kettles for
use in trying out oil were sent to both St. Paul and St. George Islands,
but it may be that any open-kettle process is unsuited for the work.
A trial was made on St. Paul Island, using a pressure cooker sent
there for experimenting in the canning of seal meat. The blubber,
weighing 18 pounds 6 ounces, left on an average fall 3-year-old male
seal after removal of the pelt in the regular manner, was minced and
cooked for two hours under 19 pounds of steam. The product was
then pressed under a small press, yielding 7 pounds 12 ounces of oil,
4 pounds 2 ounces gelatine solution, and 6 pounds 6 ounces residue.
Experiments indicate that 1 to 2 gallons of oul, 3 to 8 pounds gelatine,
and 30 to 90 pounds of animal meal may be obtained from each seal.
A fur-seal flipper weighing 42 ounces yielded 18 ounces transparent
gelatine, 2 ounces oil, 16 ounces solids, and 6 ounces of water after
cooking two hours under 17 pounds of steam; all four flippers of an
average-sized 3-year-old fur seal killed in December weighed 6
pounds. ‘Tests made with blubber shipped from the Pribilofs in
1916 indicated 30 per cent of oil by weight in one case and 38 per
cent in another.

Shoulders.—A barrel of corned fur-seal shoulders was also shipped
from St. Paul Island on the Roosevelt in December, 1917. The fol-

86 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

lowing extract is taken from a report made by Agent Fassett, who
gave attention to them after they reached Washington early in 1918:

These shoulders were packed under the personal supervision of the writer, as fol-
lows: Because of the importance of keeping manual labor connected with by-products
problems on the seal islands at a minimum, the shoulders were removed from the
carcasses without especial care. The native foreman merely detailed a few young
men to cut off enough shoulders to fill a barrel, and to send them to the salt house for
packing. None of the blubber or fat, the sinews, and other parts which it is usual to
remove very carefully when preparing seal meat for use on the officers’ mess table, was
bothered with; whatever was attached to a piece of meat was left there.

The shoulders were struck in dry salt, using it liberally, and a week later were
removed, rinsed, drained, and repacked in the same manner first employed. They
were then held in the salt house at a low temperature until a few days prior to shipment
by the steamer Roosevelt (about Dec. 1, 1917), when they were again repacked in fresh
salt. After receipt in Washington a saturated solution of salt and water (brine pickle)
was poured over the contents of the barrel so as completely to cover the same.

On March 21, 1918, the writer, in the presence of Dr. Holmes, representing Dr.
Langworthy, and Mr. W. T. Bower, of this Bureau, withdrew about a dozen shoulders
from the barrel, laying them ona table. All appeared to be thoroughly cured and in
‘sweet’? condition. From these two pieces were selected and sent to the office of
Home Economics for testing. They were put into fresh water the same evening to
dissolve excess salt, and at noon of the 23d were cooked by experts at the Home
Economics office. Meat prepared after the manner of kidney stew, ordinary stew,
and fried breakfast hash (with onions and potatoes) was found quite palatable. The
samples cooked after the manner of ordinary corned beef, fried steak, and baked or
roast meat were not so agreeable. The women who did the cooking could not be pre-
vailed upon to eat of any of the meat, having conceived a disgust for it on account
of the very disagreeable marine odor which it gave off while being prepared.

The writer found it possible to eat of each sample, but noted that none was equal
to that which it is customary to serve on the St. Paul mess table, prepared from fresh
seal meat which has been carefully stripped of all fatty matter, and disguised by
sauces, aromatic herbs, and vegetables, larding of pork, bacon, etc.

After a discussion of the matter with Dr. H. F. Moore and Mr. W. T. Bower, the
writer is inclined to think that seal shoulders prepared for shipment in the manner
herein described will not find a market in the United States, chiefly on account of
the very disagreeable marine odor and taste. It is possible that Asiatic Orientals, such
as the poorer classes in China and Japan, might absorb a moderate quantity of seal
shoulders packed in the manner described.

Canned meat.—In September, 1917, the Bureau directed the agent
at St. Paul to ship samples of canned fur-seal meat. An apparatus
for processing the meat preparatory to canning was sent to St. Paul
Island, but was not landed there in time to permit the preparation of
samples before the Roosevelt left the islands in December.

BRANDED SEALS.

As in previous years a number of male seals branded when pups in
1912 were killed in 1917. The skins of 25 of these seals killed on St.
Paul Island and of 21 on St. George Island were shipped from the
Pribilofs in the year. There were also shipped from St. Paul Island
18 skins taken’on that island in September, October, and November,
1916, and from St. George Island 4 skins taken there in October and
November, 1916, all from male seals which were branded when pups
in 1912.

Certain data were secured in regard to the seals involved and to the
skins after removal from the animals. A portion of the data for the
skins was recorded at St. Louis in March, 1918. With the exception
of the 4 seals killed on St. George Island in October and November,
1916, concerning which the data were very incomplete, certain rec-
ords secured by the Bureau are shown in the following table: ;

FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY.

87

Data on CERTAIN MALE SEALS KInLeED, 1916 To 1917, BRANDED As Pups In 1912.

FOUR-YEAR-OLDS.
oe cube Das, e Island. eta ee Green skin weight. | Trade classification.
Pounds. | Inches. | Pounds. | Ounces.
P 12733 . Sept. 4, 1916 | St. Paul... 91 51 Oi eat. | ae: Small seal.
do d 99 52 1 LA Cae eee Do.
127 56. 25 12 8 Do.
96 51 itt \"\|Sac6 Sea Do.
77 49 9 8 Do.
120 52. 50 VE i eek ae eee Middling.
Ogterl7 1916" 242 125 54 13 8
Ba2906.2 =|) Oct., 27, 1916) )2-< 109 54. 50 AM aeen Gs ane Miadiing and small.
Li PE Uae er GO See se| ec 111 52. 25 1634 oleae Snead
101 8) ie See eat dont ase 126 53 13 8 Midaliag.
iv2909... 22). ‘OKO es 151 54. 50 Eg ses oe te Do
PAZ SS Es | sae: Owes PEE 117 53. 50 POM Sa see cose Do.
1h ee ee GOle. Sec sek 82 57. 50 Lb eee eetes Do.
Leu ye 2 ee do. 115 54. 50 i esses iselel= Small seal.
P 13249 Noy. 28, “1916 143 59 17 8 | Wig.
Rue yat eae Ege donee sls. 128 58 IV SGES See Middling.
124/85 Ree Pa (Cees [eae 124 57 Bai Gaeensee Do.
Pils 252e 5 2) ¥s-1 3 dons Pee 93 55 12) eee eas Do.
|
FIVE-YEAR-OLDS
P 13341....| May 31,1917 | St. Paul...| 110.25 56. 25 12 8 | Middling and small.
PHSarGs 22 = | ees 2 Gon Boss alee = 103 53 11 12 | Small seal.
Te TSB YAS es Ses O23.c-a2-|5=4 116.75 57. 25 SSeS Ree Re rea
P 13449....| June 11, 1917 139.75 56 17 4 Do.
Eeloso0 see leen (Co Be rs ae 115. 25 51 11 12 | Small seal.
Pol3451... sos. (oR ee am pe 117.75 54. 7. 14 12 | Middling.
12st Spe Bees (i Ke ee ae 111.50 54.75 13 4 | Middling and small.
P 13950. ...| June 30, 1917 112 54.75 12 13 oes
eis Oo lh ces 1s Ose en a|- =< 119. 50 50 13 12
Reto 9p 2s -ce le. 2. dose ..5 101. 50 49 11 8 Middttag and small.
IPrIS853. vcbia25-< (6X0 tea eee ee 112. 50 51. 50 LO) otras tieiecte Middling.
12 ee eee GOleaaneee|e os 152. 50 | 55. 50 20 4| Wig
P 14279....| July 3, 1917 111. 25 | 55 13 3 Middling
P 14562....) July 7; 1917 129 57.75 14 9
LEAT GR ee Reta OSes laa 125. 50 Boni 13 4 siadiing and small.
P 15498. ...| July 11, 1917 119 55 12 10
1225 cL a do... 110 53. 50 12 8
AP 5759....| Aug. 1, 1917 - 133 58 14 12 Miadltng
beNd eels 7 (st UE Sl ee do: 5-5 105. 50 53. 7 13 15
AP urate Aug. 4, 1917 89 53. 75 10 2 smal! feat
JASE? GUSG=e | as: Gols 25- - 127 57. 25 17 7 | Middling.
AP160672. 12 |b. <5 do... 127 59 17 8 Do.
AP 6449....| Oct. 22, 1917 150. 25 56. 50 18 8 | Wig.
AP 6451 Oct. 25, 1917 135. 50 58 TUS A sg 5 8 a Middling.
JAI a A ae ae Goss ase 166 59. 50 19 4 ies
AP 6453....| Oct. 27, 1917. 162. 50 58.75 18 12
a bOTS)s. 252 May 28, 1917 133 55: 25 15 2 Middling and small.
GHo914 Ee RES: O: eee ualeee 152 59 13 1 | Wig.
G 5915..... June 4, 1917 102 53 ll 12 | Smallseal.
GraStG eens {| seee Osco ee 134 59. 50 14 12 | Wig.
G5919)- ce June 30, 1917 153 60 1 All Rees a tee Do.
G.592N sss 3 July 6, 1917 95 54. 75 16 5 | Small seal.
Gibe22 7. 5. July 7, 1917 111 55, 50 14 1 | Middling.
(CG 73 ee Re Ae OE stele 74.38 55. 25 10 12 | Small seal.
G5924.) - July 17, 1917 140 60 17 2| Wig.
Gyobebe. Ae doers): 96 55 13 2 Middling.
G 5926..... July 27, 1917 106 54. 25 low leceeeeey Migating and small.
(Cp ast 77 mea eee Otte See eee 139 57. 25 17 10
G 5928..... Aug. 3, 1917 104. 50 55 16 8 Malin
Gi5029 se Aug. 8, 1917 103 58 15 6
G5gs0rstes Aug. 10, 1917 97.50 55. 25 13h ee. Miad ing and small.
G@b0S1 ice |oasee Oe... -=)=|--.° 133 56. 75 LOS | See a 2 3 Middling.
G 5994..... Oct. 23, 1917 109. 75 57 20 12 Do.
5005. 8.3] 5. 4 4 ori Sipe ee Ee 144. 50 62 22 8 | Wig.
G'ap06. 2. -feeene dow =| 5< 144. 25 62. 50 24 8 Do.
GG; 6997-2008 |22. 82 GO 8 See Parse 116. 50 57. 50 19 10 | Middling.
G5998).. .. .}2 322. do:253- -t5|55- 123. 50 62.75 20 14 Do.

a Seals were bled before being weighed.

88 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 191%.
CENSUS OF THE FUR-SEAL HERD.

A census of the fur-seal herd of the Pribilof Islands was again taken
in 1917. The work was under the immediate charge of G. Dallas
Hanna. He was assisted by other members of the Alaska service
stationed on the Pribilof Islands, and by Dr. Harold Heath, of Stan-
ford University. Transportation between St. Paul and St. George
Islands was afforded by the Coast Guard cutter Unalga and by the
Fisheries steamer /?oosevelt.

The increased size of the herd, together with the relatively much
greater increase in the number of male seals, made the work more
difficult than in any previous year and radical changes in methods of
procedure were necessary.

For the purpose of showing the numerical strength of the herd in
1917 as compared with the five preceding years, the following table
of recent censuses of the herd is given:

GENERAL COMPARISON OF RECENT CENSUSES OF THE SEAL HERD.

Class of seals. 1912 1913 1914 » 1915 1916 1917
grem pulse sree ers canes wet sicce isaek sees. 1,358 1,403 1,559 2,151 3,500 4,850
IBTRGCINE COWS) aac bacctoneasescebeeeess 81, 984 92,269 93,250 | 103,527 | 116,977 128,994
Sunplusiowlistee as cce eee sees sec ecenies wise |store eels ab cic emane| Conor ee ee acto atest Serene ee 8,977
Tdle\ balls: 25224 eee eet, bases be eee 113 105 172 673 2, 632 2,76
Young bulls (chiefly 5-year olds)......-.-. 199 259 T6583 i foc cc cee See eee eee
G-Vear-oldmales nes a acne mccece dace css] saan rtsec|a-tscrcree| ast ehencalsaeeneeeee 11,167 15,397
D-VERT-OlU ENA ES so ee ee Soe meme sete ceed eee cine cate cloitiars See ie nisin eee 11,271 15, 494 14, 813
4-year-old males 100 2,000 9, 939 15, 848 15, 427 16, 631
38-year-old males 2,000 10,000 13, 880 18, 282 19, 492 19, 507

2-year-old males ee , 2 , ;
Yearling males...... nic 3s 13,000 20,000 23, 068 30, 307 33, 645 38, 013

2-year-old cows...... : 2 3 11,000 15, 000 17, 422 23, 990 24,245 26, 917
Yearling cows....... 2ai6 13, 000 20,000 23, 067 30,306 33, 646 38, 018
PUPS os Beets set enere ac det sindasemespet oe 81, 984 2, 269 93,250 | 103,527 | 116,977 128,024

Motglons suey seep waebern sec saemer a 215,738 | 268,305 | 294,687 | 363,872 | 417,281 468, 692

The report submitted by Mr. Hanna considers various phases of
the problems connected with the management of the herd in addition
to the details of the census. Data in regard to the census are pub-
lished in another section of this report.

FOXES.

The taking of fox pelts in the season of 1917-18 for commercial

urposes was begun on both St. Paul and St. George Islands in
Dasanhets 1917. The take on both islands for the season, including
a few skins from animals found dead at various times, consisted of
692 blue pelts and 19 white pelts. Information in regard to the
operations has been transmitted by radio and is necessarily limited
to the more important facts.

St. Paul Island.—In the week ending December 31, 1917, 74 blue
pelts and 8 white pelts were taken, and in January, 1918, the take
consisted of 15 blues and 6 whites. A skin secured in April, 1918,
from a blue fox found dead may properly be considered a part of the
season’s take, inasmuch as it became available for shipment with the
others. This makes the total for the season 90 blues and 14 whites.

In the season of 1916-17 there were taken on St. Paul Island 150
blue pelts and 37 white pelts (including one of each taken from foxes

FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 89

found dead in February, 1917). In the season of 1915-16 the take
on this island was 211 blue and 17 white pelts (including 1 white pelt
taken in February, 1916, from a fox found dead). It will be noted
that the take in the 1917-18 season was considerably less than that
of either of the two preceding seasons, the decline from the season of
1915-16 being more than 50 per cent. This small take was made in
the face of favorable weather conditions and an increase in the num-
ber of traps used. The natives, who receive $5 for each fox pelt
taken, requested that a brief close season be established for the
island. The solution of the problem of maintaining on this island a
fox herd of a size in keeping with the possibilities probably hes in the
adoption of the plan of feeding the foxes for a portion of the year.
St. George Island.—In December, 1917, 330 pelts were taken on
St. George Island, fox killings having been begun about the middle
of the month; in January, 1918, 225 pelts; and in February, 1918,
49 pelts. Including two pelts taken from foxes found dead in
November, 1917, and one from an animal found dead in March, 1918,
the take for the season of 1917-18 consisted of 602 blue pelts and 5
white pelts. Continued cold weather made it practicable to. con-
tinue the taking of pelts until February 8. During the season 200
airs of foxes were captured, marked, and released as breeders.
fany foxes not marked also remained on the island augmenting the
reserve. The herd was in fine physical condition, and it is believed
that the take of pelts will prove to be of a high grade.

REINDEER.

On May 19, 1917, there were counted on St. Paul Island 105 adult
reindeer and 39 fawns, a total of 144 animals.

On St. George Island the herd on June 30, 1917, consisted of 70
animals aged 1 year and upward and 26 fawns, a total of 96. Three
adult males were later killed for food purposes.

The various activities which have been initiated on the Pribilofs
recently, coupled with the small force of employees available, made it
impracticable to give as much attention to the utilization and devel-
opment of the reindeer as was desired. However, the herds are able
to maintain themselves, are of no expense, do not materially exhaust
the resources of the island, and will be available for more intensive
care and utilization when circumstances permit.

RADIO SERVICE.

The Navy Department kept the radio stations on St. Paul and
St. George Islands in commission throughout the year. The services
which these stations render to the Bureau’s work in affording a
prompt means of communication with the islands are invaluable.
Cooperation between the personnel of the Bureau of Fisheries and
that of the radio service is mutual and of unquestioned value to both
services.

PATROL OF THE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN AND BERING SEA.

The act of Congress, approved August 24, 1912, giving effect to
the North Pacific Sealing Convention of July 7, 1911, provides,
“that it shall be the duty of the President to cause a guard or patrol

90 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

to be maintained in the waters frequented by the seal herd or herds
and sea otter, in the protection of which the United States is espe-
cially interested, composed of naval or other public vessels of the
United States designated by him for such service.”

The vessels of the Coast Guard are particularly well fitted for the
required patrol work and the personnel of the service is thoroughl
familiar with the conditions which obtain in the waters to be guarded.
For these reasons vessels of the Coast Guard have been utilized ex-
clusively for this work.

The following is a statement prepared by the Coast Guard, de-
scribing briefly the character of the patrol work for the season of
1917:

MEMORANDUM CONCERNING OPERATIONS OF THE COAST GUARD IN CONNECTION
with PatrRoLLING THE NortH Pacrric AND BERING SEA, FOR PROTECTION OF
SEALS AND SEA Otters, DuRING THE SEASON OF 1917.

Owing to war conditions but one cutter, the Unalga, was detailed for this patrol in
1917. That vessel left Seattle on May 3, 1917, for Alaskan waters. She took on board
at her port of departure a number of sacks of mail for Unalaska and the Pribilof Islands.
Three agents of the Bureau of Fisheries were also taken on board for transportation
to Unalaska and St. George Island.

On her way north light variable breezes to a fresh southeast gale with thick weather
were encountered. An average distance of 18 to 20 miles offshore was maintained
and a sharp lookout for fur seals was kept, but no seals were sighted. A stop was made
at Sitka, and the voyage resumed on May 9 along the Alaskan peninsula, continuing
the lookout for fur seals, but none wasseen. A call was made at Kodiak, and then the
trip to the westward was resumed, skirting in and around the various islands on the
lookout for seals. As weather permitted, patrolled the waters between the Barren
Islands and Pearl Island. Arrived at Unalaska on May 29. On June 4 took on board
officials, mail, stores, etc. June7 arrived off the village, St. George Island. On June 8
proceeded to St. Paul Island. After cruising around the islands, returned to Un-
alaska on June 9, and delivered the mail from the Pribilof Islands for the States.

June 16 sailed for Atka and Attu, and cruised around the Aleutian Islands, stopping
at such places as were necessary for rendering assistance to vessels in distress. On
June 29 returned to Unalaska.

July 7 left Unalaska on a cruise for Seward and Valdez, calling at several ports en
route and continuing the patrol. Performed numerous duties for other departments
of the Government at such times as most convenient and desirable, and returned to
Unalaska on August 19. Left latter port on August 20 and made another cruise as far
as Nazan Bay, off Atka. After making a thorough search in the bays and around the
islands of the Aleutian chain, returned to Unalaska on September 5. On September
12, the services of the vessel being no longer required on patrol duty, started for the
States, stopping en route at Akutan, Valdez, Bear Bay, Ketchikan, and Point Colpoys,
arriving at Seattle on October 1.

During the entire season the Unalga steamed a total of 12,892.3 miles, boarding 33
vessels and assisting 3.

Along with the patrol work the Coast Guard each year renders in-
valuable assistance to the Bureau in the way of transporting em-
ployees, mail, and supplies, acknowledgment for which is here made.

From time to time the Coast Guard also cooperates in enforcing
the fisheries laws at isolated points along the Alaskan coast. Work
of this kind is usually done in connection with the performance of
the regular duties of that service.

SEALING PRIVILEGES ACCORDED ABORIGINES.

The North Pacific Sealing Convention of July 7, 1911, provided
that Indians, Aleuts, or other aborigines dwelling on the Pacific
coast of North America north of the thirtieth parallel of north lati-
tude might carry on pelagic sealing in canoes not transported by or
used in connection with other vessels, and propelled entirely by oars,
paddles, or sails, and manned by not more than five persons each,

FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 91

in the way hitherto practiced and without the use of firearms; and
provided that such aborigines are not in the employment of other
persons, or under contract to deliver the skins to any person. How-
ever, section 4 of the act of April 21, 1910 (36 Stat., 326), prohibits
the killing of fur seals together with other fur-bearing animals within
the limits of Alaska Territory or in the waters thereof, and empowers
the Secretary of Commerce ‘‘to authorize the killing of any such
* * * fur seal, * * * under such regulations as he may
prescribe.” The Secretary of Commerce has not exercised the power
granted by this latter provision; so, at the present time under the
provisions of this statute the killing of fur seals within the Territory
of Alaska or in the waters thereof is absolutely prohibited. For the
purposes of this act the waters of Alaska extend offshore to the
3-mile limit.

The act approved August 24, 1912, giving effect to the North
Pacific Sealing Convention forbids bringing into the United States
any skins taken from seals belonging to the American fur-seal herd
of the North Pacific Ocean unless they are officially marked and certi-
fied as having been legally taken. Indians or other aborigines
subject to the jurisdiction of the United States should make prompt
application to the Commissioner of Fisheries or to a representative
of the Bureau of Fisheries for the marking and authentication of
any fur-seal skins lawfully taken by them.

In May, 1917, two fur seals were taken by a native of Sitka, Alaska,
off Biorka Island, outside the 3-mile limit. It was reported that
_both were males. The skins obtained were subsequently authenti-
cated by a representative of the Bureau.

Through the courtesy of the Department of the Interior, Dr. C. L.
Woods, superintendent and physician, United States Indian Service,
Neah Bay, Wash., authenticated sealskins legally taken by Indians
in the coastal waters off the State of Washington. Reports sub-
mitted by Dr. Woods indicate that 517 skins taken in 1917 were
authenticated by him. The skins were taken in the months of May
and June. With the exception of five taken west of Ozette, all were
secured 20 or 25 miles west of La Push. The seals from which the
skins were taken were speared from canoes. The records indicated
that 209 were males, 304 females, sex undetermined in respect to
4 pups.

SHIPMENTS OF SKINS FROM PRIBILOF ISLANDS IN 1917.

Fur-seal skins.—On July 30 there were placed aboard the steamer
Roosevelt at the Pribilofs 2,823 St. Paul skins and on August 1, 2,059
St. George skins. These skins, 4,882 in number, were delivered at
Seattle by the Roosevelt August 18. They were then shipped
August 19 by freight consigned to Funsten Bros. & Co., St. Louis, Mo.
The shipment left Seattle via the Northern Pacific Railway Co., and
was delivered at St. Louis early in September.

A second shipment of fur-seal skins from the Pribilofs in 1917 was
made in December. This shipment consisted of 1,630 St. George
skins and 2,628 taken on St. Paul Island, a total of 4,258 skins. This
shipment was also made on the Roosevelt, which arrived with them
at Seattle on January 14, 1918. The skins were reshipped at Seattle
January 15 via the Northern Pacific Railway, consigned to Funsten
Bros. & Co., and were delivered at St. Louis in February.

92 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

Fox skins.—The fox skins taken at the Pribilofs in the season of
1916-17 were placed aboard the Roosevelt July 30-31 and were
delivered by the vessel at Seattle August 18. The skins were re-
shipped the same day, consigned to Funsten Bros. & Ce , St. Louis,
via Wells, Fargo & Co. Express. The shipment consisted of 150 blue
pelts and 37 white pelts from St. Paul Island and 417 blues and 2
whites from St. George Island; a total of 567 blues and 39 whites,
making a grand total of 606 skins.

SALES OF FUR-SEAL SKINS.

Three sales of fur-seal skins from the Pribilof Islands were held at
St. Louis, Mo., by Funsten Bros. & Co. in the calendar year 1917.
The skins were sold at auction to the highest bidders. The dates of
the sales were January 29, April 18, and October 8, respectively. The
total number of skins sold was 6,739, all of which had previously
been dressed, dyed, and machined.

At the sale on January 29, 1917, the number of skins sold was
2,000. They brought $93,678 gross, an average of $46.84 per skin.
For the purposes of the sale the 2,000 skins were divided into 30 lots.
The highest prices obtained were for a lot of 33 skins, which brought
$1,980, an average of $60 per skin. The minimum price obtained
for any pelt was $25. The following table shows details in regard
to the sale:

Deralits oF Sate oF 2,000 Dressep, DyEp, AND MacuInep Prisitor Istanps Fur-
Sea Sxins at St. Louts, Jan. 29, 1917.

| i
Lot No es Trade classification. pagber aa
—————————————————— Orn rr — ————— —— ——————
Bh0brcoe caetie se ctnigeeie 33 | 12 middlings; 21 midd ings and smalls......-.--- $60 $1,980
3506... .2-ses-- eee ee one 50) Middlings and smatisy.s-ose: + baoe eee cetnaarets 56 2, 800
COCA aa abase copes oe 2O''|* SNe SE bee ee ie SRS Laas soeate § 50 3,500
50 3,500
50 3, 500
53 3,710
55 3, 850
55 2,255
47 3, 760
49 3,920
48 3, 840
48 3, 840
48 3, 840
48 3, 840
48 3, 840
48 3,840
47 3,760
47 2,162
49 2, 205
42 3,780
43 3,870
45 4,050
43 3,870
43 3,870
om ats 45 , 295
i o) a
Micicleiaitalsinnc eisica clad 42.) Small pupS...... 2.2 +=)... 2. e eee oe ao tac
oh Re ee ing and! Small... <4snseeee ¢
CUI s vide Sm kiwi oan ers G wat tolaiee ets cals
Cee RARER Sones aAa so: 95. (MELD igen oon 1S TAPP SS DUDS .. ware - 5 eit csnatic se hee 25 875
WS MMIOCEUP DUDS >. ..aic cme onnep acs =
ASSN ENT ise ie Che Eceeemab ee «
2 middjings and smalls.........-..--
WISHIMUIS Sey us Als. a wk Sa eecas eee sset
8583. ...cce0 deeaenbasee 86 UT ee eae 14 large pups 25 900
12 middling pups
1 small pup.....--...-----
3 middlings and smalls
TRMAUSH AAR cece. ce
3534....00 schecveccquasa 51 | Cuts, etc. .422 large pups 46 2,346
16 middling pups..........---- apts
OS SIMA OUP Sao. shea sed sae nhl ee-258

Total cscde cc sol eM 2 AOOONL ESE Seis ee eoeaeueeces at eeneerseeeeeercee lene SoS SBBF S78

FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 93

The following table shows a summary of the trade classifications
and the percentage of the total number in each class:

SUMMARY OF TRADE CLASSIFICATIONS AND PERCENTAGE IN EACH CLASS OF THE FurR-
SEAL Sxins Soup art St. Louis, JAN. 29, 1917.

Number | Percent-

Trade classification. tHIGIBES. age.

Smal] PUPS... ..--- 02-2 cence sees cee ee eee nreenesccccees Sica inirinwic'sin wins nlnicleipinmeieie nic 47 2.35
RESON ES oleate elon clea wee ea -)aininneiels ele isea\= lois oe eioaelenaeeass ciciecicieis snipes clas pis 592 29. 60
TAT ZO PUPS=2-~- =~ - -n cee ec cnc cc cieenicw anne ccnsescnccccatacnccecesiceecacccescccces- 860 43. 00
RSS ee etait aires ainin's'n na a calets snare ame Sines cile. 2 anit us Bbceeemelsmicis vicis/ciuls's cle aislev pie 412 20. 60
Middlings and smalls...... weleynials eielaetete(ete| oleteisia!oi==\in'n\e(siein's etatscie nee ne oes ba vipisic's gipe nis ciel 77 8. 85
ISO GIES S (Gadsne: Bac Ose SASce eo l0 cS S004 SU aE oe BSB obo bor SS HCE nc Ane SEC penecnBerene 12 . 60

Ot alannah isc alle cisic's sie ee viviuinmlaimini~ ain iotwln]e\=('n/e nin'e'u'v\nia\olels oteiaiele pipiens miele sie eiaics'sicie’s\s(= 2,000 100. 00

At the second sale in 1917, held on April 18, the number of skins
sold was 1,500. These skins brought $68,540.50 gross, an average of
$45.69 per skin. The maximum price per skin was $60 and the
minimum $22.50. The following table shows details in regard to the
sale:

Detams or Sate oF 1,500 Dressep, DyEp, AND MacHINED PrIBILOF ISLANDS
Fur-Seau Sxms at St. Louris, Aprit 18, 1917.

Lot No. Number Trade classification. Beever aoe for

30 middlings.......... bes: Pumuatlan 10's See eee Beds
11100...-....--------+-- 56 ao mmnddhings and/snralish ay een Bee SLES \ $60. 00 | $3, 360. 00
A Diets pone tac aoc s = 70)" Middlings'andismalls!22: 22222 seen seccsceesccece. 50.00 | 3,500.00
iii ee ee a eee BON PSs ia ae weer ees ee keen he Seep NTs las 5 lee a 49.00 | 3,920.00
TAOS ee Os ee es SONzee- = CO aia rer ea Si ey aaa TT a 52.00 | 4,160.00
Uae Se See eons (AL scone WO CE SCC CU COOOOEIOREEE CARE Rene NORE EE OEreTE 48.00 | 3,408. 00
HLS SS eee SOU STAN ep Shs semen anes ees eee eC Meee eur one 51.00 | 4,080.00
UTE aoe Sa ea a OOipiei.: CN oceintcinap te tee leks UL A MR I 50.00} 4,000. 00
Ll 07212) SES ee BO sant CCR CO NSH G Tore OC aS COBH ace Gere Tae He ee Rian 47.00 | 38,760.00
AMIS HS: ASE cates 80 |..... Ge nde G AR PESO P Unb nea dee nh ae Amis wana Se 47.00 | 3,760.00
i ae a See BO AereedOsers a eee nase tau is sna eiene uae ok ae iu 51.00} 4,080. 00
11110¢ S.. wer es ed SON Middlins*pUpS see ctsee este eae os eae See teas 43.00 | 3,870.00
OL oa on enone ese anes UU Bee GC RRA aS eS Ice ciate eta oe ee ee ee 42.00 | 3,780.00
ANAS EE SS ee Eee 7 eee OMe SES EN NEL ORE CC CES GUI A AL) RE. Sethe 8 40.00 | 3,200.00

Sarria sg ete JS =< es Site

6 middlings and smalls..............
BAU 3. Sects oo wwe des 75 | Cuts, ete... Gulireerinen Wh ea Meee 42.00 | 3,150.00

Zo TMAGHINE UPS 2. vecanoecsonce cone

smell pupiyice spate ee seek eens

2ndd hness 5 oes ah ae Se aes Sa ak

7 middlings and smalls..............
Bema lo che. \adlareepups. libs ices tcl, SOL, Ore en

23 middling pups........ italarcasaana

Lemall pups 22 )s-s.2ease AeSeeocidor

ZMiGGhngs » aes eee eee ceases

7 middlings and smalls..............
BU Ganendacsesse cs cules 60.) TED cssese 20 smalls: : 252.2 0scrceeneeceuceace = 25.50 | 1,530.00

22\larpepupss owe -cssencteseesscoass

Omiddline pupsssshse-ceteescces aes:

Pmiddlings. 5 Ss syses ewe seeeser

6 middlings and smalls.............-
WMG .--eeeeeeeeeseeeee-| 59 | TIT. -e----430 large pups LI} 2250 | 1,327.50

O middling pupsie. .iee5t 2 cele cease

ope Tipmall pupysseecates sheets ccc cadesk

Simiddlings 2.22 35. 3) See ee ode ccc geas
BY1I7 2 55. eeeeweaaes 2 Navemtidieeeaniaaiel See \ 57.00 | 1,368.00
WULNS 2. ; cccwedasedseen Gee MIAlS. 2-2: BU SURE eee ee oe eee 55.00 | 3,465.00
SUIS. 3.2 o dowisacasiatie ss 63)|)- Lange pupss.o) ere cs.) Satake tue cacscicamhs 48.00 | 3,264.00
GI 20 ease sabsaseonaee So) | Mid dlingemp Ips POL Gt carcetccspoccccccesdocs 39.00 | 1,287.00
he 26 | Cuts, ete. Tae 46.00 | 1,196.00
Totalesccccsces ee 1, O00 ES Semnes See ciaa(iaaitea teneeeaam asic tase e'sceiesen| execs ciecac 68, 540. 50

94 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

The following table shows a summary of the trade classifications
and the percentage of the total number in each class:

SUMMARY OF TRADE CLASSIFICATIONS AND PERCENTAGE IN EACH CLASS OF THE
Fur-SEAL Sxins Soup at Sr. Louis, Aprit 18, 1917.

Number | Percent-

Trade classification. inipiaeds age.

SAM PUPS ss. ncaa qe SSR Remi meCeeIman etl = <\c\cs winras ele eletente ete ear atem ate aise meets alee 3 0.2
MAGGIE PIS Ee a ecianeacialeas nema mas Sa = a8 ore elas er= eee see le ane eta a ae ereraart 357 23.8
UATE OO eo ina gr Sricidicide DOU Cac PDD OG ESE OMC ET Nprcticin ston oh cpbot horn bocsntels secu 574 32. 26
Shasta St 2 ARE ee p coe ont bon Ger Ota opire Sent orcs ce GCG LDOEE coc oconn toritbor 381 25. 4
Middlingsiandsmallsis.saasersssecccc oc ssccc oases easeedscssccdessceiscmeces seaeeneee 143 9. 54
Middlings..... =i seclis ae Mate eee acie demas Sas aden saeciatanmena se sis casiccen senna ae ener 42 2.8
Notaleer cat facia dpdudacedoasss pscetesedtetensamae anes docvaedsseeamas aaa 1,500 100. 00

At the third sale in 1917, held October 8, the number, of skins s ld
was 3,239. These skins brought $107,447 gross, averaging $33.17
each. The following table shows details in regard to the sale:

DETAILS OF SALE OF 3,239 Dressep, DyED, AND MAcHINED Prispitor IsLANDsS Fur-
Seat Sxins at St. Louris Oct. 8, 1917.

Number sa tte Price per| Total for
Lot No. Gisiinst Classification. Sain et:

LO NIMS Sa scion ta nsecimSaeiseteectecinteleeaicie aalsmioneet |
L.weeeeeeee renee eeenees 65 ecb paneer bueaeette oeicreeiree ce eee SN SS $43.00 | $2,795.00
Dis oats opseceesseontende 50) Middl ps aml Sima S eee aie a telat 42.00 | 2,100.00
We oes Sean i aiseS (cps eee paren Pe near St Sones ace 45.00 | 2,250.00
ESPs Caer eee sen BOul ene GO ee ee a can tiler cincisebadewenaene=oceeceg: 41.50 | 2,075.00
Dopescesehewe amece nace s 50 |----- Gee ncisteSAbbsddaabasses = sosseneaseedesance 42.50 | 2,125.00
gaa eR AEE eee nae BONS oe AOE SS See SR NS EI Te ee ee 41.50 | 2,075.00
Meemet ae te serine ssc asce ROIS Re oe Rec aoacc sossogced > sosscnastesnocs soccer 33.50 | 2,680.00
eS eB a Us Bees Mees is tosses htc donee tame pees serene 38.50 | 3,080. 00
a AM Tete. ERENT si SOU st SO eee aera oe keen cos eet aeceoatee. 34.50 | 2,760.00
Leen Soe Dees seeces BO)2= 223 GOR Bee seeds state cnn seen Seemann aos 39.00 | 3,120.00
Ueda sec ebece a= sseeen HD |ecebe (lO aise Scop ErseSHeedabeo sSHbecses sarGonMo see 34.50 | 2,760.00
Tas 9c REED Sa hd EEE SOulerans Women ooatccect ecco scare once mee ce aacemee 37.50 | 3,000.00
Pave eet cectensacepoesee | peace (les CaaS SAar seh aon so ascelorcopadtene aa. 35.00 | 2,800.00
Uae eo oe ae gases «cen hl Foner (Chetek sentcbansHe bobseosctnasiec seduococcss 33.00 | 2,640.00
1 en AS eae eee 80 |.---- CO SAS RE CE Beppo Sb oebsene 4 Charan: sogcnogscce 32.50 | 2, 600. 00
Ui eee Se ie ee Se SOuEet43 OWS ashes aupesedavencdaccs sceceseeee eens 34.00 | 2,720.00
Lye ds: tc dilema tec AB) nas GOs, | Rarsccenoattsessecas sab eecenee ores 30.00 | 1, 290. 00
Cs ae GES Shee Ae? BO ersemups-vashsasee cetesaseceoeetersesmseeanee 28.50 | 2,280.00
pS ee a ee ROW cece (Oh) 8 Sen cbe Sy sretepoo saaueinseooseuEsoo tbe 35.50 | 2,840.00
ZOMG asssteaccssesseees OS ese (ih) a toe, Shek Son soos cumobobecEoonobdnnDosee soc 34.00 | 2,720.00
74 SSE OUC OCR COROT 2050 80 |----- 0 | eS eee Gane Sicncgoascmor acco reseay so 33.50 | 2,680.00
Dae occkecenccseamese ROnleeose Ghose 0. -c Se hn geeaooaeoqepacocesueceanus 36.00 | 2,880.00
2BU he dsdaneessanesemes 80 evans GV) Stee “bono Ab one SE BpEbeSnpSpCoSoneenesoso- 31.00 | 2,720.00
DUR salah soni acseeueae SUilasae SCA sb055 -Scloh) GenanaJeBoerhe 7 soabenon So ; 35.00] 2,800.00
ee ie ee ee Oe 0) Bae (li eheet, (EAS ios sp gadegebbedecdtebsasus on snc 32.00 | 2,560.00
78 ee, Cee ee Ullecece CO siesastiebe ras. .-25= 22.2 ehseseeoneeens 34.00 | 2,720.00
Dees a a ree eee SOv sacs GOrs MiepeePeRMES f4ccca52-.% seer ss oeeeeeeee 34.50 | 2,760.00
IGra wae ten wasasSenect RO) sense Pile aecte onc Sap eGae Spe eepReH sper mncive 5c 35.50 | 2,840.00
DOG cea ee ars aaa 80 |Geeee Owe seater Nea c 2s Ja2.25 pegenaeeeeeeee 37.00 | 2,960.00
B0b Meee Sepdem chess altars ROW eames WO. - 2 on nance rete ee eee nec e eee enn nee en cena 38.00 | 3,040.00
Dleeaericcntsiosk cera ss ONS eaters O- - wwe c ee we nce nee eenc eee eee ene ene s ee nes 31.50 | 2,866.50
Ooosmepepeksseec mee ebans 80 | Middlan gill eseermeties--e-- . fesse c sane mcnt 32.50 | 2,600.00
CP woe Sere meme Ga S0)a. ace Oz « see PEB ba os oc soc oheeneueemeene 32.00 | 2,560. 00
SHO omc ob scesecaeoeees 80) andes GO a cee ae © Jeo 5-5 ec omeeeee eee 30.00 | 2,400.00
Olean cb siacinciele setae BONS. ae dO... .c-00 anipleyln mada c cc cesnacinncacccocecucies 32.50 | 2,600.00
SBshaec6 aot SUSAR, Sees S| sce dO... Sete RRA ReBa se safes fn) ees Seas 32.50 | 2,600.00
Olnames Ae pon cesoc ose fae GO. < cccccwcscsesececc ccc cscs ence cc ccc caccene 34.50 | 2,760.00
Diese claws bcc cn sicteneiens | Ee GO: << 15 Bete Petstamte 4am wins nie onan sccncccpesenclenin 31.00 | 3,379.00
Op leEsccseraerasoae shack 61 | Small pups. .- ----- jeneinpeSalesiehebesececcesonacen- 32.00] 1,952.00

2 middlings and smalls........ Basie ee

Qisnigiis ceases teceaes cee ce Se See
sO; ete geetcuscucescaeas 65 | Faulty. .424 large pups..--............ Saeco cee 23.50 | 1,527.50

1Simiddiinginnpstinecesnccdsceccssvea-

12 small PUPS. . eccccccccvccvccccccces=

FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 95

Detatts or SALE or 3,239 DressED, DYED, AND MacHINED Prisitor IsLaNnps Fur-
Seat Skins at Str. Louis Oct. 8, 1917—Continued.

Number . . Price per | Total for
Lot No. Boerne" Classification. lac tae

4 middlings and smalls................-.-

UN aniccagdn ab ouonosspesed 48) | EEO SMAlIS: ose eeeeten eisai cain coeatice dace $18. 50 $888. 00
= a JDO Rinnc oon recntaséassecncoccenebes
ANA Gn FIP Seeen cease cscs see

BD fas st fae Ms e-ses - Ga | TH aici pipes wae e223 \ 17.00 | 1,054.00
Mrmdd linge. Seeseeeae ccs sa oscmceccnsces

0 BASE REC ASOD OCC OEEn ESS AGI MDVis es Wiesmalls 2 tea das SAR aecee aries sta sole aise 14.00 630. 00
SAUTE O18) Boe go oeoscic oo IAC JUSS EE OOSe Le
pO Nuddling pupss--sessees es es-ceee=- acces

Rotemsnccsseeeee ce ssa5- = 80) CLV 2eismalh pups) 2 oseeeae sees ees onesie = sai 12.00 960. 00
Mextlea Small PUPSeseeaassees cesses cscs. ds

Wotaleewesces sacs BP BT) | eon coe nao oooh Spo HOcOQBab OAc Ec ToboanoCODOSRETosd HeSscconene 107, 447. 00

The following table shows a summary of the size classifications
and the percentage of the total number in each class:

SuMMARY OF SIZE CLASSIFICATIONS AND PERCENTAGE IN EacH CiLASss OF THE FuR-
SEAL Sxins Sotp at St. Louis Oct. 8, 1917.

‘ a Number | Percent-
Trade classification. iaclass! aEe:

Extra Small PUPS... .--.-ecocencncccc ween cen cncee esses ec ccecccccnsecenessneccecccrces 2 0. 06
Small Pups. - .-.--.--ceece eee e eens ee ee ee eee eee ene ence mene ces e ec tcc sce ececes 109 3.37
MGdCUNE PUPS =~ ou .n ene cn ceca wwe c en cen sccm nme enenecssaccenisssedesesccceccntanes 711 21.95
Large PupS. . --.---------- 20+ e eee eee ene eee eee ee een eee e cece ence eee eens 1,217 37. 57
SEEK so oe Se yh ee Spode coro sd Oe SAP SOSRr Se bes poe Phe Sena sbAngdsooe 5obccrecc ose 878 r-{palal
MB eaITP SPAT ONSIMA NS Soles mceinie win= sieelaim winless elena nisin einai = aim win eh Sein wie ie fere wim ena win ols 256 7.91
WG GES code Goose pep bocete SSS Ss oe sesesbadag2 sas hest cess sees tene cece Secenoscr sec 56 TAB
WIS... .- -- ones cee ence een eee ence e een wee cece newer nn ence nce ccc ec eee ecn eres 10 .30

Dang). os soocedasstinSessac coded odocdde ses nectdesoShdlce cecdacoprcsopepenscosd 3, 239 100. 00

The number of fur-seal skins from the Pribilof Islands on hand in
the States on December 31, 1916, was 11,457. Forty-eight hundred
and eighty-two skins were received from the Pribilofs in 1917. The
ageregate number of skins sold in 1917 was 6,739. The number of
fur-seal skins from the Pribilof Islands on hand in the States on
December 31, 1917, was, therefore, 9,600. In this connection it
should be noted that on December 31, 1917, there were 4,258 addi-
tional skins aboard the steamer Roosevelt en route from the Pribilofs
to Seattle.

SALE OF FOX SKINS.

The fox skins shipped from St. Paul and St. George Islands in
1917 were sold at St. Louis by Funsten Bros. & Co. on October 8,
1917. The 567 blue-fox skins brought $34,653.50 gross, averaging
$61.11 each; the 39 white-fox skins $1,027 gross, averaging $26.33
each. The following table shows details in regard to the sale of

these skins,

96 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

DETAILS OF SALE OF 567 BLuE-Fox SKINS AND 39 WuirEe-Fox SKINS FROM PRIBILOF
IsLtanps at St. Louis, Ocr. 8, 1917.

Price Total
per skin. | for lot.

Number
of skins.

Lot No. Trade classification.

Blue-fox skins:
9

ttre indi dark: 2 see eat soi coete nce cote $101 00 $606.00
Fine dark....... OME oe oo tk Ra cay eee 93.00 837.00
L extra laree daria se cea- tale b een see cote dee 97.00 388.00
land Tl extra langedank. 28002) 2.2222. 79.00 632. 00
D dar er es eet ieee Rae od Jee ee 87.00 696. 00
TT date ee aes ret ee moe Pine 77.00 770.00
IY dark TW wpe eae ee ae i onic nea eens 59. 00 708. 00
eee GD ne Cee me ae on lee ite Dae es eee | 58. 00 696.00
IIT dark: (Gee cea pe eae a ee 42.00 672.00
DP DIGG ee ere oe Oe da ek Bett 73.00 876. 00
Bae WO eae oo Lia's ia cy ttle Aa ne ee gs 74.00 888. 00
I extravianpepliiet-<= oe nee eee oe eee 72.00 576 00

LE-Dhae serene Peers oct o2k oc Seas 61.00 610.00
ae doseee LeaceLPet ate 63.00 630. 00
DMT bluiehlone ee ao he . e ied 52.00 624.00
Pa COE eeeeasee een eee SE eee Sa eee Pee 71.00 852.00
PU blue -seeeesnts ie eet eR ie ee 30. 00 360. 00
Vfy oH Tey kot I Ra a ee RA ely t ER L 60.00 600. 00
PDAS ANA Se the iy Sl be oe Bella SOE a 44.00 352. 00
DL pale anvye's):sio d= sinc oq Adedass ntsc Reee ae ae 36.00 360.00
ITD Ber: fat din abicatins cc ascee eetee eae 31.00 310.00
MEV ke eR (aReS | NSS aah ODE RR ee Cee 1 iid ee 18.00 252. 00
DS eur dl Tile ie eng ett nh pa 2a ee ee 75.00 750. 00
xtra fine dark ic a eee 142.00 568. 00
eee GOts ost ston. coer ee eee Soe ee ee 117.00 468.00
Ne pe DO ree Oe ee a ee TERETE 444.00
Hictra larpe fine dark.2ec-ncc esse eoes coe e eee 115.00 460.00
Hite: Gale. Sauer se asics el ference eed ee 93.00 837.00
96.00 384.00
85.00 | 1,020.00
&8. 00 616.00
78.00 780.00
66.00 528. 00
60.00 840.00
79.00 790. 00

Lextra lange fine; darkwss.-22-sveeser tea 101.00 404.00
1 Co Fd! pe Oe a a ne ee ESE eee See a 90. 00 900.00
iL taal otra largoidarkis22U Eas eee 72.00 576.00
11 a cel SR eal AR, SR CR EE Re ee ee TY 79.00 790.00
DiGar NOW cencnc ae sce cole cence eee eee 62.00 744.00
NBO CG [sc Se ee oes OTE ee ees cen ee Fee 38.00 608. 00
Tb litey Aco oceans et eek een tee ao an ee 68.00 816.00
Ioxtre lagge'blae..2 032 25-020 oa ee See 53.00 424.00
IT lie 435 ee sf ds cera Jon pape dees cet Gee 54.00 540. 00
IT blue low..... See came e ae maa ooe eee 51.00 663. 00
TU Dita Seah eect ce mcs at pocp sates ae se eee 27.00 378.00
L pale omersare veers aa cnc tenik ce neta aera eed 62.00 558.00
Th Hate EON E27). SEE CR se et 51.00 306. 00
Wieion analt eeepc et Gano ciaicsaciawisien mee eee 6.50 104.00
en Re 519 = sae Cc ne aD DAU DHSS AOberanc horn: cStaede 1.00 3.00
Te 6 os ee et ee ana dna s csnnea tone gteoease ae 31.00 341.00
Sho tbtnee eat va Spnea ca dd Siiay cCleter ely. os 28.50] 399.00
Fo Nee ne nea a) Bee Es e-nsister nd gtttetenreweeess } 20.50} 287.00

Ota Terenas ean 606 anes ocean eee teem PO Oe oor ada aisciajc| ee lease 35, 680. 50

FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1917.

By G. Dattas HANNA.
SCOPE OF 1917 CENSUS.

In each of the five summers preceding that of 1917 a complete census
was taken of the fur seals resorting to the Pribilof Islands in so far
as this was possible, that is, all the adult males and all the young
of the season were actually counted. On account of the large influx
of male seals resulting from the cessation of commercial killing each
succeeding census was marked by increased difficulties.

In 1916 it was barely possible to count all the pups with the force
available. While a complete pup count could not be made in 1917,
a sufficient proportion of the pups was enumerated to establish good
averages which were applicable to the remainder. The 1917 census
is therefore entirely comparable with the five preceding ones, and
owing to its greater detail probably second to none in accuracy taken
previous to 1912.

The rookery rocks which were numbered and marked with white
paint by the Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1897 were repainted and
relocated where necessary. This work was carried as nearly to com-
pletion as possible. The photographic stations occupied by the 1895
investigation were relocated and marked with paint. All these data
were plotted on Coast Survey charts.

At the height of the breeding season harem bulls and idle bulls
were counted on all the rookeries on St. George and St. Paul Islands.
Hauling-ground seals were estimated at the same time. The breeding
areas were carefully plotted on Coast Survey charts at this time. A
giuplete series of photographs was taken from the historical stations
oi 1895.

After the height of the breeding season was over and the bulls had
lost much of their viciousness, but before the pups had learned to
swim, the latter were counted on eight rookeries on St. Paul Island
and on three rookeries on St. George Island.

From these data obtained in the above-described field work a com-
putation of the entire number of seals was made. The computation
was intended to be complete to August 10, 1917.

HABITS OF FUR SEALS.

To begin an account of the fur-seal herd as it now exists it is neces-
sary to outline briefly the important facts in its life history which have
a direct bearing upon the methods of study pursued. Complete
accounts have been published many times in the past and are readily
accessible.

The mature females or cows arrive at the islands mostly between
June 15 and July 15 and give birth to one young from a few hours
to a few days after coming ashore. Cows have been seen as early as

99805°—19——_20 97

98 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

May 26 and newborn young have been seen in September. The
adult males, called bulls, are all in position when the cows come and
dot the breeding ground checker-board fashion. The cow seems to
have no choice of a rookery nor to any great extent of a bull. When
she is ready to land she ventures out shyly but a short distance at
first and is intercepted by one of the water-line tier of bulls. She
then slips from one bull to another back up through the breeding area
toward the rear. Probably this is mostly done at night, but it is .
commonly observed in the day. After she finally becomes settled
she lies down quietly to sleep.

The newborn pup is jet black and weighs 10 to 12 pounds. Its
eyes are open and it moves around within 15 minutes usually. The
mother cares little for it, as a rule. She has been seen to lift it out
of crevices of rocks and out of the way of the bull as he stampedes
across the harem area. When very young the mother will often
stand by it against man. But after she once returns to the water and
again comes back she will desert the pup on the slightest provocation.

Pups begin to swim in the first half of August while their hair is
still black, but not until they have completely shed the milk denti-
tion. Soon after taking to the water they begin to shed the black
hair and by the end of September it has been replaced on most of
them by a coat of glistening silvery gray. They then swim farther
and farther from the parent rookery and eventually cruise, 1n schools,
completely around the islands. But they return to land periodically,
probably to the parent rookery in every case, where the mothers come
to meet them. Here they nurse and upon the rich milk they get
exceedingly fat. They have not been known to feed upon anything
except milk before they leave the islands for the wintér migration.
Before they depart many weigh more than 50 pounds. In November
they go south through the Aleutian passes.

Each cow weighs 50 to 100 pounds and is of the same color as the
males, 2, 3, and 4 years old, as well as of the same size. Their
whiskers are black the first three years, but begin to turn white in
the fourth year. Thus they are very difficult to distinguish from the
bachelors.

The bulls are very much larger than the cows. They weigh 400 or
500 pounds and are usually of a rusty red color. They have a bristly
mane about 2 inches long on the back of the neck and are vicious and
ugly in disposition. They arrive at the islands from the end of April
to the height of the breeding season. Here they soon haul out and

et into position to await the coming of the cows. Some of them
ae to wait two or three weeks and some do not get cowsatall. They
establish themselves on an average of 18 feet apart and remain on
their small plats, called harem areas, without food or drink until
August 1 or later. During this time they live on a thick layer of
blubber with which they are covered when they arrive. atone
leaving they become very thin. Much sparring and bluffing take

lace between neighbors and occasionally there is a fight to the finish,
in which the loser is driven to sea.

Cows quietly and gradually slip into the rookeries thus fully occu-
pied by bulls.” But there are not enough to make each harem of full
capacity for wih bull. Therefore the harems around the rear

“margins are usually very small, containing only one or a few cows,

FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1917. 99

while the centrally located bulls regularly get 75 or more in many
cases.

Back of the line where the last cows extend there are still more
bulls in position to which no cows come. These are called idle bulls.
Then there are roaming bands of younger males here and there back
of the idle bull lines.

At the ends or in the middle of all the larger rookeries, paths are
left open in the breeding masses of seals for the young males, called
bachelors, to haul up to the rear of the rookeries on the plats, called
hauling grounds. The bulls never permit the bachelors to mingle
with the cows nor even to pass through the rookery elsewhere than
the regular runway.

These bachelors are composed of males 2 to 6 years old. They
haul back on land to rest, sleep, and play for a week or more, then go
to sea to feed. Some old bulls also haul out on the hauling grounds,
especially those that have been severely injured on the rookeries.
Algo, after August 1, an occasional yearling comes out on the hauling
grounds.

The vearlings, as a class, arrive at the islands after August 15.
They scout the margins of the rookeries only and play with the pups,
which are then just learning to swim. The yearlings are very small
and thin as a rule; in fact, many weigh less than when they left the
islands in the previous November. ‘There is considerable variation
in the coloration of all classes and ages of seals, but the yearlings do
not differ as a rule from the 2-year-olds in this respect. Females and
males are alike externally, and together play with the pups.

After August 1 the rigid harem discipline is relaxed, the pups begin
to ‘‘pod” back of the rookeries as wall as swim, and the cows follow
them. Then by August 15 there is a general prowling over the rook-
eries by young bulls and many cows resort to the hauling grounds to
play and sleep. The breeding heat has then practically passed for
males as well as females. Some 2-year-old cows only remain to be
impregnated, and these are served by the younger bulls roaming over
the breeding grounds. The 2-year-old cows arrive late in the breed-
ing season after most of the others have given birth to their pups.

The hauling-ground seals are the important ones commercially.
They are practically all males in June and July. They occupy areas
of their own and can be driven like sheep to a selected spot for killing
without any disturbance of the breeding classes. The older ages
come first in the spring, and killings can usually be made in the latter
part of May. The 2-year-olds, the smallest Ei the lot, do not arrive
in large numbers until after July 1.

THE PUPS.

The count of pups used to begin on July 26. This was attended
with some difficulty owing to the presence of bulls, cows in heat, and
newborn young, but no serious obstacles were encountered. In 1916
the large influx of bulls made it necessary to defer some of the count-
ing as late as August 15. This is objectionable because some of the

ups are swimming on that date and the number in the water must

e estimated. It is highly desirable, therefore, to complete all pup
counting before that date.

100 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

In 1917 the count was started on August 2, the first day it was
tall to enter the rookeries without danger to human life, and
y the 9th so many pups had taken to the water that further counting
was omitted. Results which would have been obtained thereafter
would have had such a percentage of error due to the swimming pups
that they would have been much less satisfactory than actual counts
earlier in the season.

In all, eight of the St. Paul and three of the St. George rookeries
were counted entirely and the dead on two other rookeries on St.
Paul Island were carefully counted. The figures give a good basis
for ascertaining the average harem on those rookeries which were
not counted, and have been so used. Results are shown in the tables
following:

DISTRIBUTION OF PuPS AT THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS IN 1917.

Date of | Living Dead Total

Rookery. counts. | pups. | pups. | pups.

ST. PAUL ISLAND.

MLO Vil cect eo se wawew > Se Secptiog suci2 -\te eis ot cence bees ep rower s=he
LU EL Saha) | ees ee ee = eee ee SO Sect cols OC se asada oda
GOCDAECH ee bask cee coast eeaeensa acuta as ar sccewobe-ne emckrataae
SAT OMP UCT So dese tna sts sie seer ener pase ame seas ease spina

DAD AGM E = am cise ainne aoe he elebwineinatine ar gies ne = ols
Mittle Zapadmie.s.cs-6 setae = nee ee
Zapadni Reels s/c sec qasecdmct-i-aen ee acs

IPOLOVANEe . seed ees cie ce accicck = mete scents

Polovina Clifiss cfs sete aeeesie ~~~ ccm

Little Polovina
Monidvilesensecee seeeeteee = ts eer ena
Wostochnisscerscesiecesensceeane ss esaom

Norte en see fo cae tens anes eae ases sec kp eee seecnewsnces,

FTO ee eS, PO te aes Se tie ee ea aes need eee ae 18, 922 413 | 19,335
Mokal cboth islands. «<<. «kad wagedodiateme th cecek sec Bd. cl acne " 124,174| 3,850} 128,024

er

« Estimated.

FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1917. 101

PERCENTAGE OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN THE NUMBER OF Pups IN 1917 FROM 1916.

ah ‘afi pees
otal pups | Total pups,| of increase
Rookery. 1916. 1917. (+) or de-

crease (—).

ST. PAUL ISLAND.

TESTO GS SS ne eRe eee ee AS re aug anther e eae 2,472 a 2,520 b+ 1.94
EPURARERLTIEE See ne Fes Sto hs Be Aaelae wic.o/s cx'e'e ou 0 caine etsiotioels 2,141 2,235 + 4.39
MAG RAL Gee tre ce Sk Suita tle teak dias els Bh itn. nln w'aibihe Ve at eee eae 8, 864 a 8,649 b— 2.49
BNO SEDER NS arc seta nisier nas clsjo(seaic aniciaia’e sis ain so. dfe aoe cain eee Oe 700 a 726 b+ 3.71
iP a4 23 SOR REA A eB AE ot ES mee ae ast Sate 16,331 17, 442 + 6.80
‘STV T ELOISE SE ae SNR ee ee, eee le Oey en are 5,020 a 5,060 b+ .79
SOE ae tant oe See ae ah Ma ca dale OMe Nc as necuss ass cateeemeeese 388 466 +20. 10
BUGIS Dlpryeca— tet ae seed cece n one eck ites aaiteind + <i oso Nene 12,065 a 15, 433 b +27. 91
TOCA T ERE Cte tee ick oe clos sia cincinaels age te aes Leh oc ie 2 9, 682 9,828 + 1.51
WLR CUT LNA ae ce SN DS pts et Sia isin ofp ainiats cia'c sa cjeicieee eee 6,277 a 6, 863 b+ 9.35
TV AO VIPER OG Me ote 2 lem Sra paiara Sparta o Be haps lates Sea sae sdedaaed oom Eb eS 266 358 +34. 58
Tetons SLPS 3 Say ee en eee ae ea 4,744 4,918 + 3.66
PolovinaClrfist 2). o.4 222s 1, 683 1, 761 + 4.63
Little Polovina.. 1,074 1,260 +17. 31
MiGRIOVIa sass eee. Sukh SEE 2,761 a2,921 b+ 5.79
VCaito nie ie es ae eon ‘ 24,387 a 28,249 b +15. 83

LEGO EE ES 3 ee eee BeOS en OO SET ee eee eee pare 98, 855 108, 689 + 9.94

ST. GEORGE ISLAND

NOTRE PSAs tel Na XS AS eek TESS. eee cst kde saeee 6, 246 a 6,783 b+ 8.50
[SFR VTPES PED: aT PTET, 5 Se I RES set Rea eee Sere 5, 545 a 5,642 b+ 1.74
PPACMISE Fon 1- aise Se cian eee ce fe ccbehiscp ech cdsescegontaess secs vesetss oe 965 1,050 + 8.80
|S{STHE AO MOSD ee Se Fe as Se ny ee ae ene See ee ee ae 19 24 +26. 31
aS TBER EO Late nae soe ones cctame et chisssatcaacceeestceceustecet 1, 585 1,786 +12. 68
TRG) CIB TR, 5 SR BARE RSs Se Bee sc cts ae ete ne Re mors ar ce 3, 762 a 4,050 b+ 7.65

POL AIER EE es Pace ttt RAG Seela ok aed Said a ckbe atts eee 18,122 19, 335 + 6.69

PROLATADOGHPSIAMGS se atsiecd ements sajsdedasnainceuitieincs sits sie sie ce 116,977 128, 024 + 9.44

a Estimated. b Based on estimated number of pups in 1917.

PERCENTAGE OF ANNUAL INCREASE OF Pups, 1912-1917.

Sooo OOOOQ—Qq”—DWqonnajle—e—— OOOO ,090909080909—0— 0 ao

Percent-
Year. umber age of

PUPS. | increase.

eee ere re ete eee eR tania Rieal te cena le alm ain Sa ace aan cele nas ween seimwae mele cioe a ST 0840 Soe. somes
ere Bee er ey seed Heys PS ee a Le Se RS SE PEERS AL Saas aes Ree eet fowl eclaale 3 92,269 12. 54
UNE em ee ey. wea tie a ca Me tiany ett oe) sini alata ama hein ain aca) a Small maato ts ayes ae ee asm Saimin isin 93, 250 1.06
epeyeeees ts Lee uen aot eee caba cone es ce atenwted. gabceaccuetas ore cmca dates ou awit clencie's 6 103, 527 11. 02
POT Ge ee BoE oy facta crapardsiwacw-aMiae wcteo arate telah inne emulate oaikian ts seis eee ehes cieoeit seek 116, 977 12.99
nee ee ee Soe orc dite Se omnia er niniate aiataie wale win ara a) ara'e cae Tenner re a aa te ee ali aha lx aa 128, 024 9. 44

It will be noted that the percentage of increase of pups for the herd
is 9.44. The difference in the increase on the two islands may appear
strange, but is entirely in accord with the facts gathered through
six years of counting, and conforms to the general law of fur seals
that their instincts cause them to flock to the centers of greater num-
bers, and the smallest rookeries grow most slowly.

This increase of 9.44 per cent is below what is generally believed
to be the normal of 11 per cent. We see a reason for this in the lean
year of 1914. Female pups born then gave birth to their first pups
in 1917. Therefore the small increase in 1914 should be felt in 1917.
Another factor which goes to make a small increase may be somewhat
noticeable this year. This is the death rate of cows on land. In
1913, 1914, and 1915 the number of dead cows noted during the count
on the rookeries was considered negligible. But in 1916 there was a

102 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

large increase in the percentage and again in 1917, This, however,
was foreseen by all students of the subject. With an increase of bulls
and the reduction of the average harem there must of necessity be an
increase in the dead and injured cows in the harems.

The increased death rate of pups, due to the increase of bulls in
1916, can not be felt as a decrease of births until 1919 and should be
most noticeable in 1920 when the results of the minimum average
harem of 1917 will show. ‘The increased death rate of pups on land
due to any cause is certain to show as a decrease in births three years
later. Of course the large size of the herd might make it almost
imperceptible in a single year, when complete rookery observations
are impossible, but the results are there and cumulative and can not
be ignored.

During the count careful lookout was kept for signs of mange, un-
cinaria, etc. The mange appeared in 1914 to a noticeable extent,
reached a maximum in 1915, and has grown less and less since. At
the present time no serious trouble can be foreseen from this source
because the percentage of seals afflicted is negligible. Mange affects
the adults as well as the young and usually appears as round spots on
the back. Here the guard hairs fall out, exposing the light-brown
underfur. Such spots have been known to the trade as ‘“‘rubbed

laces,’ but no rubbing action, such as would produce them; is possi-
ip by the fur seal.

As a result of the counting done two pups, both on St. Paul, were
lost. One was smothered in a pod and the other was killed by a bull.

DEAD PUPS.

The increase in the percentage of dead pups keeps pace with the re-
duction of the average harem and the increase of bulls. As the bulls
increase and get closer together on therookery areas, there is more fight-
ing and charging back and forth over the pups so that the number of
dead will increase proportionately. Thus it has now become 3.01
per cent of the total, whereas it was under 2 per cent in 1914, when the
average harem was treble what is found on many rookeries at present.

Still no very alarming results can be foreseen from the present
death rate on land. Of course the loss of females is cumulative and
important for that reason. By keeping the average harem at a mini-
mum, and it has doubtless been close to that in 1917, the loss of pups
due to the trampling of the bulls can not be expected to go much, if
any, Over 3 per cent.

This loss is under the control of man. He can make it 3 per cent
or 2 per cent as he chooses by the simple expedient of controlling the
number of males; that is, by increasing the average harem. It can
not be done in a year, nor as the herd exists at present, in several
years. But after the surplus piled up during the six seasons of
closely restricted killings shall have become eliminated and the cur-
rent quotas of killables are utilized systematically, there seems to be
no obstacle in the way of keeping the average harem the size most
desirable.

FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1917. 103

NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF DEAD Pups IN 1917.

Percentage of dead.

Rookery. pups. pups.
1917 1916
ST. PAUL ISLAND.
SEL EET Sere eStats eck totale wiaates c cpoistha Ha |= sie a.cala.= afeinic'n Gai atescin eieiako ae a 2,520 a38 61.50 1.09
Neer IPOs G8 SRE SAL SS ys ey hen cee tele weit aascn aaa sem eons 2,235 61 2sT2 . 4.01
Loree rc a Peg a ee RIS eB ge a) ee OR ee eee a8, 649 a 303 63.50 2. 84
DALE TET A 2b psig bed be ei MOA ba eal BR Se ae Re eee eg gee ae a726 a13 61.79 1.00
tee et ce ret HU SSS Se el toe shes wk . ste wee od bye 17,442 457 2. 62 1.12
REPRE Cea SN a oie cis ore re Was aOR Alec wae ade Siesta oats a §, 060 a 127 62.50 ileey¥é
LL SIE DR. 6 /oR ES i) NEARS See oo Oh See ee ERED fete Bei ee rem mene eye > 5 1.07 Bid
ODSHIC. SEU ee Sart: ee oer oe ee ee @ 15, 433 a 348 62.25 1.21
CTE Tate hla i A a peal kc s ae LTUA Ek 9,828 261 2.65 Io
SUD TAS aia eye LS SOS ee RE ee ee See ee Se ee ee ee ee ee a 6,863 4223 b 3,24 2.38
[EEA S EIN |S C"E) RSA a a aan is Se eS ae SP Sn Soi 358 10 2.79 1. 50
IEG IEE ee So alae Se ee he ea ets AN 2 ee eee 4,918 165 3.35 2.38
TE ese (OUTER SEI A eFC PV Se ee ee mee 1,761 54 3. 06 aale
Tory hich by Tela) 0 Gi8 062 Ae age meee ee a yt POY ak Oe aa 1,260 15 1.19 1.39
MGRIIVU Her ee: aioe 3 BRE OSEe Aenea 502. ee Cee re a2,921 97 b 3.32 1.59
Minis t ea se creee tance cai ccicee is aiapethccia vee deinegap sc coclecice a 28,249 1,260 4.46 3.70
See Te a ee ee GUE Baten Rae hee eh | ane ee 108, 689 3, 437 3.16 2.19
ST. GEORGE ISLAND.
Waific! Sp ig Nee ie Pe Se ek 2 GaS cee eran aL a 6,783 a 169 b2. 49 1.98
WINGY PARE Cees) oh alana t walters cee cca conc wae ccewecmnass a 5,642 a112 61.98 158
APACE SR aso Seale dett once mate ceca sane se Stee ee eke aee 1.6
Senthe ese soc
East Reef.:..... 1
East Clifis...!.. 2
USL a et aa aae acc temeide gas lda ee necnm codes bane tbaden. 19, 335 413 2.13 1. 72
otal PObnislandss a ~ sac cee oan 2.2 = deseo ecachensssescoe 128, 024 3, 850 3.00 2.12
« Estimated, 6 Based on estimated number of pups.

THE BREEDING COWS.
LOSSES AT SEA.

The fate of the fur-seal herd is directly dependent upon the breeding
females. To prove this statement it is only necessary to refer to the
fact that only two males are required to 100 females for breeding pur-
poses, and it should be the object of the Government to spare no
efforts in the protection and conservation of the females.

The number of breeding females in any one year is known to be
equal to the number of young because each cow gives birth annually
to one pup. ‘Therefore the cows have increased from 81,984 in 1912
to 128,024in 1917. Thisisa gain of 46,040 or 56.16 per cent, an aver-
age increase for five years of 9.36 per cent. This annual percentage
ot increase of the class in which we have most concern appears and is
low, but it should be constantly borne in mind that it can not be ex-
pected, naturally, to materially increase in the future. During these
five years the cows have had almost absolute protection asfar as molesta-
tion by man is concerned. The great loss occurs at sea from unknown
causes. It is known that the whales of the genus Orca devour seals
to a greater or less extent, and if this is not the chief enemy there must
be another which lives at sea and is at present unknown. The _ losses
at sea in the first three years of their lives have been found to approxi-
mate 50 per cent of the seals born.

104 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

AGES OF COWS.

It is a well-established fact that the female seal begins her breeding
career when 2 years old and brings forth her first pup when 3 years
old. The male, however, is unable to breed under normal conditions
until he is 7 years old. The length of the breeding period of both
these classes is a very important matter and unfortunately is not
very well known. It can only be learned from branded animals, and
the number which can be thus marked is manifestly an insignificant
portion of the total. For several seasons, the averaze breeding period
of the cow has been vere at 10 years.

In 1900, 1901, and 1902 a number of pups were branded with a
bar across the middle of the back. Some of these have returned an-
nually ever since, and a photograph of one was printed in the report
of the fur-seal investigation in 1914.¢ Altogether five were seen in
1917. This is very significant because the time given to search for
them was exceedingly limited. It demonstrates, however, beyond
question that the female does live 15, 16, or 17 years; that is, she can
have 12, 13, or 14 pups. From this it appears that the deduction of
10 per cent from the breeding-cow class each year for old-age mor-
tality is entirely sufficient.

THE 3-YEAR OLD COWS.

It is well to again test the natural mortality of the seals by applying
the knowledge we have of the breeding cows, the same as has been
done for two years past. The total number of breeding cows in 1916
was 116,977. By deducting the 10 per cent loss from old-age mor-
tality, as explained above, of these in 1917 there should remain
105,280. ‘To this number there was an increment of 22,744 composed,
of 3-year-old females born in 1914, which brings the total up to 128,024.
It is easy to ascertain the loss of female pups born in 1914 which
would leave these 22,744. The total number of pups born that year
was 93,350, half of which, or 46,625, should have been females. If
the losses for the first three years had been exactly 50 per cent there
would have been an increment of 23,312 in place of the 22,744, which
has been computed. ‘This is as close as a calculation of this character
could be expected to come. It is entirely possible in one case that
the births of males exceeded the females in 1914 by 568, which would
make up the difference. And again it is possible that the loss varies
to a certain extent each year and may sometimes run a little under
or over this 50 per cent. At any rate this seems a very safe basis to
work from and has been used in all deductions from all classes for
natural mortality during the first three years of the seals’ lives.

THE 5-YEAR-OLD BRANDED COWS.

Little can be said about the cows which were branded as pups
in 1912 and were 5 years old in 1917. They were seen on practi-
cally every rookery and throughout the breeding season. The ani-
mals appeared normal in every respect and the brands seen were
very distinct. Compared with unbranded cows on the rookeries
they appeared very young. While they had not in most cases
acquired the complete mask of white whiskers, they were much more

« Bureau Fisheries Document No. 820, Pl. XII.

FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1917. 105

white than they had been the previous year. It is now believed that
the whiskers of both sexes turn white at about the same age. Thus in
most animals they begin to turn in the fourth year and are entirely
white by the sixth. In size the 5-year-olds appeared fully adult.

HAREM AND IDLE BULLS.

Many of the data contained in this and in all preceding reports on
the fur-seal herd have been derived from those classes of adult animals
known as harem and idle bulls. (These comprise both the males which
are participating in the procreation of the species at the time of the
height of the breeding season, known as harem bulls or harem masters,
and that surplus skirting the margins of the rookeries which is unable
to get cows, known as idle bulls.

Many facts go to make the adult male the subject of most trust-
worthy evidence respecting the seal herd. In the first place, he is
four or five times as large as the female and therefore easily seen at a
distance. Under average conditions of the sealing industry practi-
cally all of the bulls haul out of the water on the breeding areas in
June and locate themselves 15 to 20 feet apart, where they stay until
about the first of August. Thus the entire number can be counted.

In 1917 the average number of square feet of space occupied by
each bull and his harem was determined, and since 1912 the average
number of cows each one has been able to get has been obtained.
Figuring from these bases it is now possible to make a fairly accurate
census of the seal herd from a count of bulls alone at the height of
the breeding season.

The count of bulls is known officially as the height-of-season harem
count or just harem count. A full realization of its importance is had
by all persons having knowledge of the fur-seal herd. It is very
important that it be made as neatly as possible on the same dates
year after year, and just as accurately as possible. It takes about a
week to make the count.

Some rookeries are best counted from a boat, and others from a
long ladder held upright at various places. Those which give most
trouble are Zapadni and Reef on St. Paul, because the seals occupy a
sloping beach which can not be seen from behind and a table-land
which can not be seen from a boat. The crest between these areas
should be marked in some way to assist in this work.

Preliminary counts are always made to acquire familiarity with
the general distribution of the masses and the approximate numbers
to be expected when the height of the season arrives. The dates
chosen as representing the height of the season have been well estab-
lished and mark the period when the largest number of bulls and cows
are present on the rookeries.

ost of the harem bulls arrive and get into their positions on the
rookeries before any appreciable numbers of cows arrive at the islands.
The distance they were apart varied within the maximum and mini-
mum of 24 and 12 feet in 1917, and the averagewas 18 feet. Each one
knows the boundaries of his area, and any intrusion thereon promptly
starts a battle. The bulls were about four jumps apart. aturally
when they are fewer they are farther apart nil each one has more
cows.

Those males actually having cows at the height of the season are
recorded as harem bulls whether they have one cow or a hundred.
Naturally with an abundance of bulls, as in 1917, there would be a

106 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

ereater percentage of one-cow harems and the average would be cor-
respondingly reduced. But there is a minimum beyond which the
average can not go, because one cow per bull is impossible.

Those males which are in position about the margins of the breeding
areas to receive cows but are without them are called idle bulls. In
past years when bulls were scarce many young bulls 4, 5, and 6 years
old came about the areas and necessitated the enumeration of a sepa-
rate class, namely, the young bulls. But with the number of adult
males existing in 1917 the younger animals have no chance to hold a
position within reach of the cow masses, so that this class has been
done away with as an integral part of the height-of-the-season harem
count. All bulls about the breeding grounds in position to receive
cows are either harem or idle bulls.

It was very evident in 1917 that even the adult males give up hope of ©
securing cows if they can not get within a certain distance of them at
the height of the breeding season. This distance seemed to be about
equal to three layers of idle bulls on most rookeries. Thus if a bull
comes to a rookery late and can not get within this distance he skirts
the rear a time or two and then hauls away. The large number of
idle bulls naturally provokes a great deal of, fighting among them at
the rear of the rookeries. This abandonment of the rookery areas was
well illustrated in 1917 by the numbers of adult bulls hauled among
the bachelors at the height of the breeding season. And this condi-
tion necessitated the computation of an additional class in 1917,
known as surplus bulls. ‘Their number must be estimated, not a
very satisfactory procedure, but no counts worthy of notice are
possible for a basis. As these animals haul with the bachelors they
are taken up with that class.

The total number of harem bulls found in 1917 was 4,850, and idle
bulls 2,706, a total of 7,556, as shown in the following table:

HAREM AND IDLE BULLS IN 1917.

Harem Idle
Rookery. Date. elise filet Total.

ST. PAUL ISLAND.

EO VES Ae on nates Seis ieee Cine wi cldlo «ih cide ate > oS tanioteh Bis Se tecteiaca 56 182
JBC Fah ee ee EN OM ee EN SD 8 A De aes 5 ae re PS Se Sd a 54 154
Gorhbatch: eee ese eas roe been ee ee eeeealees 130 409
of NOs Lie beh pees PO eS a) tac ie Ue darlene teyeonretae ean Gate ale 28 61
Riebh sey shh neh) ee aie hry se ee ea ee | 237 850
Sivuteht es... 72 256
Otter Island.. 1 1
Lagoon....... 15 39
TOISTOls...0 6 180 851
Suthetunga...... 2 64 66
DODACI. se oo sam oeteee = wheintancie ss =o amede ok See SEER e ete smbe wae ae 342 762
Little Zapadni “. 2G 329
Zapadni Reef 13 35
RDO VINA see ee sciatic ride a oS bigs neces een ee Deena aieieeiarae 6 130 296
PolowanarGlifiss cst Pi soos ses cae sas Baa eee ee do..... 87 31 118
TTETIOE DO VANE 3 camdic dae e te Baek Os on Ca tees Oe ate eee i atc ooo dot 35 51 86
MOTIGVIS Wek dada sete at dob cewccasccsacntnes cempensmeremecis cen asi. = dork 127 83 210
Wrostochiri: $230 foros book ccodtecatdoat's opie bs coset Date Re DE EREEE S's Ulaee (0-.as6 1,018 784 1, 802
TOtalic acco netse se ca ckaes 43 ee Meee ceo ob need. ade 4,166 2, 341 6, 507
ST. GEORGE ISLAND.

Be See me a act Ae 2” SO, ALBA eee Rar July 25 266 114 380

Stans varARTe: 2. See, ACEC DSS a sd Eee eect eee sie. € dels ss: 163 113 276
ZOTAMT ID nt eaten tae clko tia tic he als ue pany cel aes Cee Meee ee bts July 26 33 17 50
GOULD ee Foes She tee chet ees tonite bode tba en Seaman erence | ot Govan. 6 6 12
ASE ROCTL Se: oroce se viogne cotmocen oe case c cuccs doen aMeeenty eee July 24 81 54 135
Bist CRS Hes. tawe od cals meow eats catee O66 fet acns CORRE EME eRERen ees do... 135 61 196
TOUR) cade tp c.cls coca eaencemecudsas sosctsemaact dldaeeneeee lesser asbet 684 365 1 ’ 049

FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1917. 107

The next table, which shows percentages of gains of these classes,
is very instructive. Thus harem bulls increased 38.57 per cent from
1916, while the idle bulls only increased 2.81 per cent. This in the
presence of an enormous number of adult males out on the hauling
grounds seems to be conclusive proof that when a bull can not get
within about three places of a mass of cows he gives up and quits
trying. If this proves true in succeeding years it means that the
percentage of idle bulls to harem bulls will not normally be far from
50 when these classes exist in sufficient abundance to maintain the
minimum average harem. The fact that this percentage went to
75 in 1916 and that the average harem was 33 (not the minimum as
then suspected) means nothing more than that the idle bulls as a class
were young and not able to secure cows from the stronger harem
masters. If the average harem in 1916 had been at a minimum and
the percentage of idle bulls 75, while in 1917 the harem had remained
minimum, but idle bulls dropped to 55.7 per cent, it would be very
suggestive that there were fewer bulls in the latter year. But since
this is known absolutely not to have been the case, the explanation
on the basis that the idle bull ceases to be one if he can not get within
_acertain distance of the cows seems justifiable.

In the light of this recently acquired knowledge, it would seem to
have been permissible to have classed a portion of this 75 per cent of
idle bulls in 1916 as young bulls. But since this is an indefinite divi-
sion at best, it is believed it might have proved misleading.

COMPARISON OF HAREM AND IDLE Buuts In 1917 wir 1916.

Harem bulls. Idle bulls. Total.
Rookery.
1916 1917 | Gain. | 1916 1917 | Gain. | 1916 1917 | Gain.
ST. PAUL ISLAND.
Per ct. Per ct Per ct
1G ee Se ee ee 95 126.| 32.63 44 56 | 27.27 139 182 30. 93
itkamine.*.cdoe seas ies-b os 64 100 | 56.25 45 20. 00 109 154 41. 28
Gorbatch SSsicetepeéaposs AeR eas 234 279 19. 23 110 130 | 18.18 344 409 18. 89
goa EUs OPP Pe ar eg SEA A 33 Bei eab ee oo 9 28 | 211.11 42 61 45, 23
IRGC et nce somes tances sicnsle 490 613 | 25.10 269 237 | 211.88 759 850 11.98
ISNT (AIC) Oe See ase Re a 162 184 | 13.58 111 72 | 435.13 273 256 | 6,22
Gbronmesiand 2ses ser) 28 32 ee eo) |e. a werea | ee meets oh 4 Wee Dei aes wre | (eae ole 1 Rh eee
BEMOM Ns asacs a see ces melvin 13 24 | 84.61 8 15 | 87.50 21 39 85. 71
aise asenase men cme sete fe 361 671 | 85.87 335 180 | 4 46. 26 696 851 22. 27
SURI Sas aia 5 ah ac amend cece Oh | a oo ed | eaten rene G4 tat eared eee CG) oT eee
Papal er aie nee ane a= a= a 309 420 | 35.92 332 342 3. 01 641 762 18. 87
Little Zapadni............... 178 259 | 45.50 157 70 | 255. 41 335 329 a1.79
ZAPAGw RCL -lsos2$ cle. ccc. 8 22 | 175.00 1 13 {1,200.00 9 35 | 288. 88
Batrtve sesenes Sse 0s 162 166 2. 47 90 130 | 44.44 252 296 17. 46
Boloyvana Cis! 222 o52 60.55. . 59 87 | 47.45 47 31 | 434. 04 106 118 11. 32
IHRE MET te) Wa eS ie er 31 35 12.90 21 51 | 142.85 52 86 65. 38
MID Vise oe sees === geen e- = 95 127 | 33.68 88 83 | 25.68 183 210 14. 75
V@SIBGBHI>? footer - oss se eft... 654 | 1,018 | 55.65 611 784 | 28.31] 1,265} 1,802 42. 45
TOUHIE Semen cnt sstek ee. 2,948 | “4,166 | 41.31] 2,278 | 2,341 2.76 | 5,226} 6,507 24.51
ST, GEORGE 1SLAND.
North 200 266 | 33.00 103 114 | 10.67 303 380 25. 41
Staraya Artil.... a 142 163 14. 78 109 113 3. 66 251 276 9. 96
Zapadni 31 33 6. 45 47 17 | 263. 82 78 50 | 235.89
South 3 6714200: 00 [occ ante Gilecessose 3 12} 300.00
East Reef if 81 10. 95 44 54 | 22.72 117 135 15. 38
East Cliffs 103 135 | 31.06 51 61 19. 60 154 196 27. 27
552 684 | 23.91 354 365 3. 10 906 | 1,049 15. 78

3,500 | 4,850| 38.57| 2,632] 2,706| 2.81] 6,132] 7,556| 23,22

@ Loss.

108 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

THE AVERAGE HAREM.

Too much stress can not be placed upon the value of ascertaining
the average number of cows per bull on the several rookeries and for
the herd as awhole. This has long been recognized as one of the best
methods of census calculation. The first pup counts ever made were
on small rookeries to determine the average harem there, and this
factor was applied to the total number of bulls. Thus the total
number of cows was obtained and from it the other classes could be
deduced. Naturally the value of the process depended upon the
applicability to the herd as a whole of the conditions on the one or
two rookeries on which pups were counted. It has been found
through five years of complete pup counts that a few rookeries con-
sistently have average harems approaching that of the whole. These
rookeries should, of course, be taken as a type when only partial
counts can be made.

This was done in 1917. Those rookeries were taken for counting
which seemed from observations on the ground and from former con-
ditions to have approximately the averages of the herd. The full
details of the reasoning followed in then arriving at the average
harems on those rookeries which were not counted are shown else-
where.

It is practically certain that the average number of cows to each
bull in 1917 was a minimum of 26.39. And it is just as true now as
ever that the number of idle bulls makes this large or small. When
the idle bulls are few the average harem is large; when they are many
it is small.

In 1917 the percentage of idle bulls to harem bulls was 55 and the
average harem 26.39. It is asafe inference, therefore, that whenever
the percentage of idle bulls equals or exceeds this figure the average
harem will not be far from the minimum. The importance of this
fact will be appreciated in future census work when the herd has
developed beyond the possibilities of pup counting. The following
table of average harems for six years is very instructive. While the
curves of each rookery have a general similarity to that of the total,
very few are exact enough to furnish an indication of what the
average harem will be in future years.

Tue AVERAGE HAREM IN THE YEARS 1912-1917, INcLUSIVE.

Rookery. 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 1912

Eee —————— SSS Ess

ST. PAUL ISLAND.

26.0 39.9 36.5 42.2 37.3

33. 4 42.5 47.0 50.3 47.0

37.9 45.9 54.9 60.1 59.0

21.2 25.3 43.7 43.2 37.9

33.3 50.2 70.3 81.8 72.7

31.0 47.3 44.5 52,2 48.9

29.8 26.3 46.9 87.8 65.1

33. 4 49.0 61.7 80.4 88.1

p j A 33.3 50.5 66.9 75.0 70.1
Tittiewwa panies eames se Te a 26. 49 35.3 53. 6 54.7 79. 2 72.7
leds vst eh a ad-t-) oe eee Oe be Se Ones ee 16. 27 33. 2 31.3 68.7 65.7 62.0
Tell Copan Sea, So Se EPS 2s ee rey 29. 62 29.3 59. 4 61.3 83. 6 62.2
IefolteykeeM Chirac pee ee eene se 2 Cy eee ee Peery 20. 24 28.5 47.1 65. 9 69. 4 51.6
Tittle POlOvinacs ce. ss fe eet ices ses ENN 36. 00 34. 6 50. 7 51.5 50.0 76. 5
Morjoyl|. d:c:aorest ree coe a 23.00 29.1 46.9 53.8 70.3 64.9
WOSE OCHS cc 83 sees bk Soe ter le Soe a a 27.74 By Ag 53.0 67.7 66. 4 63.2
TOGA cae foes hs San toe ee es 26.08 33. 53 49,27 60.3 69. 6 65.0

@ Derived from estimates.

FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1917. 109
Tue AVERAGE HAREM IN THE YEARS 1912-1917, INcLUsrtvE—Continued.
Rookery. 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 1912

ST. GEORGE ISLAND.

ITORGHS-F os oa tae sce situk scvcesesecccs a 25. 50 32 40.6 56. 4 41.5 36.1
SH NT ee Se eee ee rere a 34,61 39.0 50.0 67.9 64.0 69. 4
BAA eens cece tee cccseeescccne sess 31.81 31.1 43.0 (peal 67.0 38.9
DOtneRe ete ete a sdacets 2 fesee a sees 4.00 6.3 Bats ose ke Bee ee Pe eRe
THiS, (ORNS ISR ee a ee ee eee) ee Ae (ee 26.0 1225 26.0
[DVRS 13 Gi Se 2 A Se Re Ae er eae 22.04 21.7 34.9 41.5 26.1 2oso
LOS (5 Ce ee a 39.00 36.5 41.4 46.6 48.9 41.2

BINGE Mee ciate a wren bios cine Be wicwa eee sd cns 28.26 32. 82 42.51 Sted 49.1 42.5

Rotel pounislanGs*’. ccs. 5secce ccceets 26. 39 33. 42 48.13 59.8 65.8 60.4

a Derived from estimates.

Some rookeries, which in the earlier years had averages which ap-
roximated the whole, later made considerable deviations there-
Poa. And the converse is true. No area can be said to constantly :
contain the average development of the herd in a single phase. But
no other method is known whereby as accurate an estimate can be
obtained as by the average harem method. Small rookeries, how-
ever, should not be considered in any deductions of this sort because
they are erratic in development and growth and are subject to much
greater variations than the larger ones.

AVERAGE HAREM AND PERCENTAGE OF IDLE Butts TO HAREM BULLs, 1916 AND 1917.

1916 r 1917
Percent- Percent-
Rookery. s ‘
_Breed- | Harem | Average eee _Breed- | Harem | Average bee ime
ing cows.| bulls. harem, harem |08 cows. bulls. harem. Racor
bulls bulls
ST, PAUL ISLAND.
IG ale eee eee 2,472 95 26.0 46.3 a 2,520 126 20.0 44.4
Takanan: $2223.52. 2,141 64 33.4 70.3 2,235 100 D283 54.0
Gorpatch:. + 35 2c252 8, 864 234 37.9 47.0 a 8, 649 279 31.0 46.5
IAYOISTION: os once asc 700 33 21.2 Zia a 726 33 22.0 84.8
LET ee See 6 ee ee 16,331 490 dded 54.9 17, 442 613 28.4 38. 6
Sroutehsteso oc sc ea 5 5,020 162 31.0 68.5 a 5,060 184 2125 39.1
PAPOORS SS S225 ~ 255.22 388 13 29.8 61.5 466 24 19.4 62.5
MOISLOI- esac ccse cs 12,065 361 33.4 92.8 | @ 15,433 671 23.0 26.8
SPRUNG MEE A sae sae crel||= 50 cae s| se Sm, ae solange ede et oi steel bea Metiade A | nse Seen e 3,200. 0
races (obs Pees | eee 9, 682 309 31.3 107.4 9,828 420 23.4 81.4
Little Zapadni....... 6,277 178 35.3 88.2 a 6, 863 259 26.4 27.0
Zapadni Reef......... 266 8 B35 12.5 358 22 16.2 59.0
ROI VAN AE i colon S's 4,744 162 29.3 55.5 4,918 166 29.6 78.3
Polovina Cliffs. ...... 1, 683 59 28.5 79.7 1,761 87 20.2 35. 6
Little Polovina....... 1,074 31 34.6 67.7 1,260 35 36.0 145.7
MeOriOVvi fo. Cece. ces 2, 761 95 29.1 92.6 a2,921 127 23.0 65.3
Wostochni. 3: F225 22. 24, 387 654 37.3 93. 4 @ 28,249 1,018 27.7 77.0
Motalesesececs.cc<] 98,855 2,948 33. 53 77.27 | 108,689 4,166 26.08 56.19
ST, GEORGE ISLAND.
North...... poten ott 6, 246 200 31.2 51.5 a 6,783 266 285 42.8
Staraya Artil......... 5, 545 142 39.0 76.8 a 5,642 163 34.6 69.3
APAANI: 3. - Soe ewee 965 31 31.1 151.6 1,050 33 31.8 51.5
BOuUtHeS coscee aeanee 19 3 Oid slteecc see 24 6 4.0 100.0
East Reef...... nanoete 1,585 73 PAM 60.3 1,786 81 22.0 66. 6
Hast Cliffs. seseasesck 3, 762 103 36.5 49.5 a 4,050 135 30.0 45.1
Totals ee 18, 122 552 32. 82 64. 13 19, 335 684 28. 26 53. 36
Total, both is-
lands........-. 116, 977 3,500 33. 42 75.20 | 128,024 4,850 26. 39 55.79

« Based on estimated number of pups,

110 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

The relation which the percentage of idle bulls to harem bulls bears
to the average harem is shown in the table above. On following this
line of data back there is seen to be a general relation on the rooker-
ies where many idle bulls gather year after year. But as the idle-
bull class as a whole moves and shifts about some, little can be gath-
ered therefrom which can be made use of in the estimates for future
years. The most important fact there shown is that a large per-
centage of idle bulls causes a small average harem.

HAULING-GROUND SEALS.

In 1914 it was attempted to make a simultaneous count of all seals
on all hauling grounds in order that a positive statement could be
* made of the exact number present on a particular date. No greater
value was placed upon the operation. All agree that it might differ
on two consecutive days by several thousand because the bachelors
are a moving, shifting lot, never stationary for any length of time,
and governed to a certain extent in their movements by the weather.
It takes a large force to make this count simultaneously on every
rookery, much larger, in fact, than has been available since 1914.

At the time of the height-of-the-season harem count it is not diffi-
cult to stir up the sleeping bachelors and estimate their numbers.
Any attempt to separate the young bulls from the bachelors for sep-
arate count would be folly. The two classes intergrade. A reason-
able approximation to the numbers of each may be had by deter-
mining the proportion of each on one or two hauling grounds and apply-
ing this to the whole. ‘This is as close as the value of the count war-
rants. In fact, it can not be seen how the results to be gained from
this phase of the work justify the expenditure of any appreciable
amount of time. Acting upon these premises, the following results
were obtained in 1917. Dates are the same as in the height-of-season
harem count table.

Hav.inec-Grounp SEALS ASHORE IN 1917 AT THE HEIGHT OF THE BREEDING SEASON,

Juty 16-26.
Rookery. Total. | Rookery. Total.
ST. PAUL ISLAND. ST. GEORGE ISLAND.

PST pean ee aaeaarioe aeiee s2c) oe cede 88h || @North. jes. ees eae eeee neaeenea ce eees 1,025
Liphitechothale pee roniaank tne seoee de a eae 340) || (Staraya Atti —~ . bocce ees = a qe 50
Gorbateht sass tate. ceo Betiee ses SLUM AE Soy:Yob eb em SArGoc A eee 120
Reet. 222 sceeten s te cder ise seer eeee ener s A, 384}! eWest Reels)... cece seinvinilsisccensctimae 647
BUVNITCH. Sos tatieioc se pcitte cette dedeeate men SOO wast. CLAS) cc. cc's cate bektseletcete nea neeee 684
Biting igs GSAS Ape eas snes snide s 1, 240 —
MADR. phe Mee ces se etisies ew = so eueaeeine = 3,160 Ota eines seme nae eaetdes sca wee 3, 226
TMA ZADACM ere es wseltt ple > -oda deine cis ter 700
ZEVSANINR GEL salsa peed sameinw doce eeionwee 45 Grand total icecsteususce< sa see see 22, 323
POG ITI ee ese naeelida ane ao eeteetaee 3, 000
LAGEIO POLONIA a)ois oon cianin cic sac\cm saves 250
IMIOTIOVE essen ec eet epics netacce sauces 1, 500
WIDSLOCMIU wees rramesmmor eesti vets sicoeeee 3, 200

AU GU AI Clos cities soa teem nae 19, 097

Thus there were somewhat over 20,000 seals on the hauling grounds
at the height of the season. It has long been believed that the
number on land at one time is about one-fifth of the total. This

FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1917. 1

would indicate over 100,000 in existence, a figure differing not greatly
from the one derived later in this report from the birth rates. (See
census.summary, p. 123.)

This table contains actual counts in some cases. Here it was
found there were 25 per cent as many bulls, old and young, as bache-
lors. This would make 5,580 of the former and 16,743 of the latter.
It was manifestly impossible to determine the proportion of old and
young bulls with any degree of accuracy worthy of notice.

THE DATA ON ROOKERIES WHERE COUNTING OF PUPS WAS NOT DONE.

It is admitted by all that an actual count of all living and dead
pups is the best known means of arriving at a close estimation of all
classes of seals in the herd. But when the number has increased to
such an extent that complete pup counts become impracticable other
means must be devised. Several methods may be considered.

1. AREA COMPUTATION.

In the early days of sealing, when the herd was very large as com-
pared with its present size, this was the only method considered in
arriving at a census. Thus Charles Bryant, the first agent of the
Treasury Department on the Pribilofs, used it, and so far as known
originated it. He was followed by H. W. Elhott in 1872-74 and
again in 1890. His work was exhaustive, but the results were such
that they received severe criticism. So bitter was the fight waged
that the actual good in the area method of computation was lost
sight of and was scarcely again considered until 1917.

The basis of any computation by this method must of necessity
be a unit of area for each seal. A close approximation of the total
breeding areas of any and all rookeries can be obtained by plotting
them on charts. Then the division of the area by the unit gives the
total number of cows, bulls, and pups in the space. The accuracy
of the method depends upon (a) the skill of the observer in sketch-
map work and (Bp the correctness of the seal unit. Regarding the
first, little can be said. The writer would consider Elhott’s areas as
given in his several reports very accurate indeed. His skill in
delineation is well recognized. In 1915 and 1916 the writer plotted
the breeding areas on the large scale Coast and Geodetic Survey
charts of the rookeries at the height of the breeding season. Little
time, however, could be given to this phase of the work, and it was
attempted solely to give a general idea of the location of the breeding
masses. Greater accuracy was not desired.

In 1917 A. C. Reynolds was detailed to assist in the seal-census
work, and his training as a civil engineer especially fitted him for
this phase of the work. His results are entirely satisfactory, and,
coupled with other information related to census work, these give,
in the writer’s opinion, the most comprehensive view of area calcu-
lations which has so far been possible.

The unit of area assumed by Elhott to be occupied by each seal
was 2 square feet. He made allowances for the difference in size of
the bulls, cows, and pups, and the fact that only about one-half the
cows are present at any one time on the rookeries. But he did not

Eel fe) ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

have the means of getting this unit from actual counts on known
areas. He appears to have been unduly influenced by large level
massed areas and did not allow for much more enormous spaces,
fully occupied, but less dense, owing to topographical features. At
mie rate, his results differed widely from conditions as they exist
to-day.

In 1917 careful counts were made of harems on all rookeries and
entire pup counts on 11 rookeries. Then the areas of all breeding
grounds were ascertained. ‘Thus there was secured the unit, as well
as it was possible to get it, on 11 rookeries. These take in all types
of topography found here. Some were small rookeries, but on the
major ones the unit runs from 7 to 9 square feet per breeding seal.
The following table gives this information concretely:

AREAS OF PrIBILOF ISLANDS ROOKERIES IN 1917 AND SEAL UNITs.

Rooker A t Area t rise nae
y rea to Trea to istance
Rookery.s space. Beals. each seal, jeach harem.| apart of
bulls,
ST. PAUL ISLAND. Square feet. Square feet. | Square feet. Feet.

UG ITON (es Barbd Ua Se AB OOS OOO COREE ICOOHOS 50, 715 5, 166 9.81 402.5 20.0
TRANS een ot ente ccs ee t-leicininia selenite sions’ 37,170 4,570 8.13 371.7 19.3
Gonpachi ta eck eeereeiees-coros aemesoe=s 103, 950 17,577 5.91 372.5 19.3
LSU Ok A a a apeaobboct Goonbocbogeuiser 18, 855 1, 485 12. 69 571.3 23.9
ROB lesa kellie he tse See Seek eSesioa esas 236, 250 35, 497 6. 65 385. 4 19.6
Rivittelr nce ones a csata sence ccee ae eees 41, 850 10, 304 4.06 227.4 15.1
WeOOnE se eames cei: cee cee ntcieme ace se 6, 930 956 7.24 288.7 17.0
TN GIStOU tetas ins sais pine al aisisislninieiejao slenos ate ays 166, 320 31, 537 5.27 247.8 15.7
(ioe (sbi adie 25esc sooosds ioeicnosnscnsenesc- 149, 850 | 20, 076 7.46 356.7 18.8
Witwle AA PAA Mls sa se aniee = eee se 66, 420 13, 985 4.74 256. 4 16.0
Zapadni Reef........--- <e 3, 330 738 4.51 151.4 12.3
IPOIOWINAS ents - ees & 69, 300 10, 002 6.93 417.4 20. 4
Polovina Clifis.......- 36, 090 3, 609 10. 00 414.8 20. 4
Little Polovina......- 11, 386 2, 555 4.45 325.3 18.0
MOrnoviten = seer. cesta 41,130 5, 969 6.89 323.8 18.0
VOStOCODI cece =o sel 5 315, 000 57, 516 5. 47 309. 4 17.6

LTE Ap Ay RAR Min AS lk ah ABR 1,354,546 | 221,542 6.11 325.1 | 18.0

ST. GEORGE ISLAND,

NOT UNE esate cos esos cnc earaee ts dom cpio cis 49, 680 13, 832 3.59 186.7 13.6
STRiAyAtATtl See te soc corres cotee se eeaee 51, 300 11, 447 4. 48 314.7 17.7
ZAVACIS 4. tis aces se cise + -einnielse sino wene ann 19, 710 2,133 9. 24 597.3 24.4
WnsiiReet i nceeeet eck ce caoenannes eee 18, 135 3, 653 4.96 223. 8 15.0
MOASTIUMISIS te cetcicis ele setala's © avi aislols alemnisiaienls 33, 480 8, 235 4.06 248.0 15.7

SSI Rte eB Baton 172,305 | 39,300 4,38 251.9 | 15.9

Grauiitotal’:. coca ce¥cecpas ttenetee 1, 526, 851 | 260, 842 5.85 314.8 | 17.7

a Rookeries marked with an asterisk are those upon which complete counts of pups were not made and
these were estimated by the average harem method as explained on page 108. South rookery, St. George
Island, on which all pups were counted, is omitted from this tabulation. It had but 24 pups in 1917.

The average area per seal is seen to be about 6 square feet. The
area per bull was obtained by dividing the areas by the number of
harems which were found; and the distance each bull was apart is
the square root of the area each occupied.

Such data as these are very ealteble for use in conjunction with

artial counts for arriving at a complete census after és herd is too
arge for all pups to be counted. It is to be regretted they have not
been obtained since 1912 along with the complete counts. We
would now have had concrete knowledge of the seal unit of area such
as is obtainable only when the herd is small.

FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1917. 113

The accuracy of computing complete censuses from areas is not
as great as from actual pup counts, and in 1917 it was not believed
to be as reliable for computing the numbers on the rookeries not
counted as the average harem based on a partial pup count with the
average harem on the same rookeries which were counted this year.
We know better the number of animals on a rookery by comparison
with it in former years than we would know by assuming that the
unit is the same for it as for some other which was counted. It so
happens, however, that the two methods come out with more exact-
ness than was at first anticipated. Rookeries not counted but esti-
mated upon the basis of the average harem show a seal unit in close
approximation to that found on rookeries which were counted.

The area method and the seal unit should be of increasing value
as the herd grows from year to year until finally it supersedes all
other methods. But as long as possible every known method of
census work should be run in conjunction with every other, because
at best any seal census can not be more than a close approximation ~
to the: truth.

2. THE AVERAGE HAREM ON ROOKERIES WHERE PUPS WERE NOT
COUNTED.

While it was suspected on the islands that the increase in cows
was not up to normal even before any pups were counted, owing to
lack of expansion of certain breeding areas, it was well known after
the first few rookeries had been counted. The percentage of increase
of the pups, the number of dead pups, the expansion of the breeding
areas, and the average harem all pointed to the same general result
and indicated early about what the total number of breeding cows
would be. It so happened, however, that Lukanin and Zapadni, the
first rookeries counted, ran low-average harems this year, while last

ear they were normal. Conclusions drawn from those alone would
ie been fallacious, as subsequent counting proved, but after it
was known that the percentage of mcrease in pups was approxi-
mately 9, it was evident about what the total number of breeding
cows would be. This left the necessity, however, of assuming an
arbitrary figure for the average harem on those rookeries which could
not be counted.

Realizing the importance of determining the average number of
cows to each bull on these rookeries as closely as possible, every

hase of the sealing industry since 1912 was carefully considered.
aturally, one of the most instructive helps in this was the table
of average harems for those years, as shown. When the known
figures were placed in the proper columns, figures for the unknown
were immediately suggested; but this was not enough. The table
which follows was computed. It was run back to 1915 only, be-
cause previous to that the scarcity of bulls made the average harem
a conjectural and inconstant quantity.

99805°—19——21_

114 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

AVERAGE HareEMs In 1915, 1916, AND 1917 on RoOKERIES ON WHICH THE PUES WERE
CouNTED IN 1917.

Rookery. 1917 1916 1915

ST. PAUL ISLAND.

Lukanin 22.35 33. 45 42.5
WUGOM: «Fees Sires we cane ee one arrd aes vlna Ye ee Oe eee ies aI 28. 45 33.32 50. 2
Eeagoom. 3925 Sees Pete renter oes ok ces to ee een nea 2 BO 19. 42 29.8 26.3
Zapadni 23. 40 33.3 50.5
Hapadni Reel.c. 42. Se ene okt a< bo Soe hee oie OMe aoa Oe EN! cS ei 16. 27 33. 2 31.3
Polo wanes sb ets ee aati arate diate siete Seaiw s Lictlind etd See crt ee | eer 29. 62 29.3 59. 4
Polowinay Cis s: oscuo secs be thin.- cso ale tre eee ee oc lowe aoe eee oeeee 20). 24 28.5 47.1
LittletPolovina yf ee cee csen shots Sencar eee eee ame Cee an Ln ane 36. 00 34.6 50.7
ANETAE Ose son Sele ac eia dled’ s Soin et crdle CME ee dene cele, He ear ere etal 26. 08 31.9 49. 82
ST. GEORGE ISLAND. aqeamnnay tier
PASH OFC 1) [ae OPE Se ree SION SMe OE lle Hs ee Cae RRM Leiba lt SET Pay 31.81 31.1 43.0
Bouthise cen seh 28 tele ee cece t oat See ee eee ke een en ea 6.00 6.3 8.7
Mast Reels s.c2 ssc at cetaacisg teetin ges Ha Tee tack ce pee st Pee eee a 22. 04 21.7 34.9
ASVOTAPOS ELL Sele ve slewialslaelsiatee hoe Ried Sec een cea hae eae ee 23. 83 24.0 36. 82
Generaliaveragesé oi <scc ccs coeins memes wake aloe de de ase ee eee ee 25. 92° ee 31 25 48. 80

‘The significant portions of these data are the totals as compared
with the totals for the entire herds for each island shown as follows:

St. Paul Island. St. George Island. Both islands.
1916 1915 1916 1915 1916 1915
Average harem for rookeries on which :
pupsiwereicounted mn fl9l72 5222 so - ee 31.90 49.82 24.00 36. 82 31. 25 48. 80
Average harem for herdS:..2:.te.sclescceae= 33.53 49.27 32. 82 42.51 33. 42 48.13

Thus it is seen that in 1915 the average harem for the rookeries
counted in 1917, 48.80, almost exactly coincided with the averace
for the herd, 48.13. The difference was 0.67 over. In 1916 the
difference was 2.17 in the other direction. It would seem this in-
dicates with sufficient clearness that if the average harem for the
herd in 1917 is placed at 25.92, which was found on 11 rookeries, it will
be within 2 of being correct. As the total number of harems was 4,850
it makes the possible error in the total number of breeding cows
9,700. The maximum error coefficient in this enumeration there-
fore becomes 7.71 per cent. It is regretted that this is so high, but
there are no known means whereby it can be reduced when a com-
plete pup count is not practicable. Upon consideration of all other
data this is not as discouraging as it might seem at first glance.

The further the subject progresses the greater appears the neces-
sity of assuming that the average harem for the entire herd is near
that of the rookeries upon which counts were made. It can not
vary more than two from this. Upon the completion of all calcula-
tions and when all assumptions had been made for rookeries not
counted, the average harem for the herd. was raised from 25.92 to
26.39, as shown in table on page 109. The principal influence bringing
about this change was the fact that the average for the herd in 1916
was 2.17 greater than the average on the same rookeries counted in

4
j

FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1917. 115

1917. Had the average for the herd been placed 2 greater than that
found on the 11 rookeries counted,: however, it would have placed
the total number of cows at 135,000, an increase which observations
do not indicate as having taken place.

In deciding upon the average harems for those rookeries not
counted which, together with those counted, would make the grand
averace 26.39, due consideration was given to make that estimate in
every case conservative.

If the maximum variation allowable, 2.17, had been split in two
and the average for the herd been placed at 27.08, it would have
indicated that more cows came back than we now figure; that is,
the loss was not 50 per cent during the first three years of the seals’
life or the loss due to old age was not 10 per cent of the breeding cow
class. Either of these conditions may be true and either makes the
count as recorded herein farther on the side of safety; that is, it
is much more apt to be under the actual figures than over, and this
is as it should be. No absolute law can be established for losses at
sea, and the percentages are undoubtedly subject to more or less
variation from year to year, due to causes of which we at present
have no knowledge.

3. PERCENTAGES OF DEAD PUPS AND PERCENTAGES OF INCREASE.

Before saying definitely what the total number of pups on a
rookery which is not counted shall be in a season when other rook-
eries are counted, consideration should be given to two other factors
than the average harem and the areas. These are the percentages of
dead pups and increases. Either of these might form the basis of a
census, especially in a year when harem counts for some reason are
not made.

To analyze the values of these we must inquire into the causes of
the conditions which are found. As shown in a preceding para-
graph, page 102, the percentage of dead pups found on the rookeries
was a fairly constant factor during the time when there was a large
average harem. But with the increase in the number of bulls
there has likewise been an increase in the number of dead pups
found at the same seasons of different years. It is perfectly
natural to record these as cause and effect. It is not disputed
that 90 per cent of all dead pups found nowadays have been killed
by the bulls fighting and charging over the breeding areas in the
early part of the season. At the time of the count, however, few
are in a fit state of preservation for autopsy. It is definitely known
that some bulls kill more cows and pups than others do, and no law
governs the return of these bulls to any particular rookery. The
topography on some areas makes the death rate there higher than
on others.

Therefore, while there is certainly a relation existing between the
percentage of the dead pups to the total number of pups and the in-
crease of bulls, it hardly seems necessary to-resort to this method for
census estimation, except in emergency. When the minimum aver-
age harem exists there is no doubt the percentage of dead pups from
trampling is practically constant and the total number of pups could
be arrived at very closely by the simple expedient of counting those
dead after the breeding season. In future years it will be well to

116 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

bear this in mind, so that it can be made such use of as conditions
may warrant. .

The number of dead pups on those rookeries where they were not
counted was arrived at in the same manner as the average harem;
that is, the percentage of dead on the areas counted was compared
with that of the herd in years past and a percentage assumed in 1917,
which was in accordance with these facts. While the result can not
be said to be known to be absolutely correct, it must be admitted
that it can not be far from the actual conditions which existed. In
tabular form the figures show as follows:

PERCENTAGES OF DEAD Pups IN 1914, 1915, 1916, Aanp 1917 on RoOKERIES ON WHICH
THE DEAD PUPS WERE COUNTED IN 1917.

Rookery. 1917 1916 1915 1914

ST. PAUL ISLAND.
1D De: t shi: ea ae On eee eee es tS ee oe eee eee ee 2. 72 4.01 1. 43 3.9
TOOL a eo na= See ce cen aeeae eerie aes Ona cette ease une cena 2. 62 412 1.65 1.5
Weapon chee. feds ost sg seh Bb oe tis doe ABER eee ane 1.07 -77 1.78 aD
Ayo oles ee ace eee 5 NDS SER SoC seicion ae qual de Ease one 2. 65 1.51 2.19 1.6
ZAPACNIT Oe l= 52) Moe ences etsc accel a= se see gears oe eiacie cae 2.79 1.50 1337; 1.4
POlO VINA. hae See ORS Ohh oe Soe neeeerc alm atin secon oneaeme 3.35 2.38 Le 1.9
IPOlOwAN a Gi Sen eee et. oe a Sek ois hae cite = eee ease ee ee 3. 06 1.18 . 58 12
Pathe olavinia 222. pe esas Se ee See See Sees eee ease se 1.19 1.39 1.13 1.8
MOTI OVIc ac coe se cote peaectedeane seteacet ac cwecicarecs sedan aeine 3.08 1.59 1.58 1.8
WOSTOCHTI ese eee seis Sa te Raeredinlgn Ueicn nce s sive Rigawemeeceee 4. 67 3.70 2.00 255
"TOUALs tesdciec aoiehscnwro a cle cle clats is Se ore bisletela ele otcleiate lelmiave Salar 3.43 2.39 2.13 2.05
ST. GEORGE ISLAND.
ZRDAGU occas oe cast een en selene taba aoe cee ae aeeeanee se 1.61 . 82 1.11 7
ASEAN C Ole etic ceca ca alte t aetetee cletaiai asia cislalnietinta eens aie elaine bets 1.34 1.07 . 28 8
ROA es ccsccsees cdescce recta de neces sccwescewacneeemae 1. 43 98 . 68 -81
Motal: DOtH islands Ws. is ccawelowekios seals case at eueeoeceeee 3.34 2535 2.07 2.01

For the purposes in hand, the significant portions of this table are
the totals, which, properly arranged, appear as follows:

St. Paul Island. St. George Island. Both islands.

1917 | 1916 | 1915 | 1914 | 1917 | 1916 | 1915) 1914} 1917 | 1916] 1915} 1914

Percentage of dead pups on rookeries

on which dead pups were counted

AWIGL7 ce eceret eh cictesad ace ches 3. 43] 2.39) 2.13] 2.05! 1.43] 0.98
Total percentage of dead pups in

Herds {eos esetttt ssc sass ee 23.16} 2.19] 1.82] 1.9 |@2.13) 1.72

0. 68) 0.81) 3.34) 2.33) 2.07) 2.01
1.32] 1.5 |@3.01) 2.12) 1.74) 1.8

a From estimates.

It is thus seen that the percentage of all dead pups in 1917 ~ ust
be less than 3.43 on St. Paul Island, more than 1.43 on St. George
Island, and less than 3.34 for the entire herd. To produce this
result, the figures given in the main table, page 103, have been used
and seem very satisfactory for all requirements.

It might be believed by one little familiar with seal life that when
a setae pup count is impracticable a few rookeries could be
counted to get the annual increase, and by simply appiying this
factor to the entire herd a census would be arrived at. is, how-
ever, might give very misleading results with the rookeries as they

FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1917. 117

exist to-day. The increase on any particular rookery is solely
dependent upon the number of cows coming there, and it is well
recognized that no law governs their hauling out. Thus, the percentage
of increase of pups (or cows) on almost all rookeries has been an
exceedingly erratic figure during the past six years. For the present,
therefore, this factor may be dismissed from census calculations as
having little value. In the precedinz tables wherever the numb r of
pups cr cows comes in it should be remembered that this figure was
computed from the average harem and these other methods of com-
putation were used only as a check.

METHOD OF ESTIMATING BACHELORS.

The bachelor seals 1 to 6 years old must be estimated, no count
worthy of serious consideration being possible. The most practica-
ble method of arriving at their numbers has been found to consist in
starting with the number of births of any one year and deducting
therefrom each year certain losses.

The known losses are those killed on land in the regular proceeding
of the sealing industry. Thus, since the last census, August 10, 1916,
there have been killed on both islands 7,291 males over | year of age.
These 7,291 animals must be divided into their respective ages,
because killing is not and can not be confined to a single age, and
it would not be desirable if it could, because the trade calls for more
than one size and grade of skin. As a basis of the division into the
several ages there have been available some data on seals which
were branded when pups in 1912 through the initiative of George
A. Clark, of Stanford University. Some of these seals have been
killed each year and carefully measured in body lengths. A critical
study of these lengths discloses the fact that there is comsiderable
overlapping of every age in this character, so that a representative
mean of the typical seal of each age must be assumed. This has
been done wit: great care.

The results show that a seal makes its year’s growth almost en-
tirely during the three months, August, September, and October;
that is, a 3-year-old in the fall of the year has a skin about as large
as a 4-year-old in the regular killing season. This fact should be
borne in mind if in the future killings are limited to any particular
ages. Any limit of age which may be specified is given in order to
produce skins of a prescribed size, and these will not be produced if
the same age limits obtain in the fall as in the spring. For instance,
it has been customary during Government operation to order the
killings confined to 3-year-olds. This meant that no skins smaller
than those furnished by the mean summer 3-year-old were desired.
Interpreted literally, then, all 2-year-olds in the fall were exempt even
though they had the proper size skins. The scheme was, of course,
faulty in this respect, that it prevented the killing of a size of animal
until it should have run the chances of surviving a winter when
death rates are very high. Of course the rational way to establish
a quota is to specify the lengths of animals to be taken and pay no
attention to age. Animals of known ages intergrade in every char-
acter known except osteological, so that ordinarily the age of a seal
can not be determined until after it has been killed. The same
objection applied to the limiting of killing to animals having skins of
a specified weight. The weight of the skin of any live seal can be no

{18 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

more accurately guessed than an unknown weight locked up inside
of a container. But the length of the live animal can be estimated
under any circumstances within 2 or 3 inches. This was demon-
strated to the 1914 investigation committee by the writer, and a
method of measuring was worked out which has steadily grown in
popularity. The superiority of the method as a means of deter-
mining the size of skins being obtained over a guess at the age or the .
weight of the skins has been conclusively proved in three years’
experience. By correlating the lengths with the ages of known
branded animals an age relation to length has been established,
and when the length of an animal is known it is also known whether
it falls within the limits of length of the average seal of one age or
the other.

A comprehensive study of the growth of fur seals is in preparation,
but must necessarily proceed for several more years before bein
finished. The following standards, however, have been i dsetell
from the studies already made as representing the lengths of average -
animals of each age thus far studied. It should be added that the
limits are subject to change, as more data on growth of the animals
are accumulated.

STANDARDS OF Bopy LEeNnetTH oF TyPpicAL MALE SEALS.

Age. Lengths of typicalsummer seals.} Lengths of typical fall seals.

Se a AE
Inches. Inches.

Yearlings. 2 52.2.5 --2 0 - enn s- ace Wp to Big ae tate mat a ae eleseb tele Up to 37.
2-year-olds....-.-----------+------- 37 to 40.......-2--- eee eee eee neeee 37 to 42.
3-year-olds......------------------- AD Opa erases acta tiet= mt aletelniet aerate 43 to 48
4-vear-OldS.. -.-)- - -+----j--+---2-2-0->- AG: LO;DIeeee sc 2 ae rate erteleheree 49 to 57
5-year-olds....--------------------- 52 tO. 59... 2... 2. ene een een 58 to
6-year-Olds....------------------+2- GOandiovers tah s2s-.6 caacancle

————$—$—$—$————— ssf. O(a

T. ese standards have been used in segregating the classes of the
several ages of seals killed during the year ended August 10, 1917.
The yearlings are somewhat indefinite because only three unques-
tionable animals of this age have ever been studied; and these were
in the fall. They do not reach the islands in the summer in sufficient
numbers to become well known. Tie limits beyond the summer
5-year-olds remain to be determined when the branded animals
shall have grown older.

Arranged according to the above standards, the animals killed on
both islands fall as follows, and the numbers have been deducted
from the numbers of bachelors in each class in the estimates.

Acess or SEALS KILLED ON THE Prisitor ISLANDS DURING THE YEAR ENDED Ava.

TOMO.
Fall, 1916. Summer, 1917.
Grand
ike St. St. _
St. Paul. George. St. Paul. George. Total.
Woorlinog. castes secpuasessde sie la cps -taem 1 Olsseeceses'a 5
2-year-olds....... 23 113 65 35 100 236
3-year-olds.. . “35 447 339 1, 708 1,857 3,565 4,351
4-year-olds... a5; 103 48 1,509 476 1, 985 2,136
S-year-OldS.o 22 2 oo cnie asec eweanes 2 1 445 18 4 466
6-year-olds and over......-...-- lat dijon «sak ee cose senle eats war ha 88 6 94 94
Wotdl sp eetedecsttese-hacee 575 502 3,820 2,392 6, 212 7, 289

FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1917. 119

In addition to the known loss which the herd of bachelors suffers
at the hands of man there is in constant operation the great factor
of natural mortality while the animals are away from the islands on
their migrations. With cows this loss has been found to amount
approximately to 50 per cent of all females during the first three
years of their existence. No more reliable data are available to
apply to the males, hence this deduction has been made. It is
divided arbitrarily into 35 per cent the first year, 20 per cent the
second, and 4 per cent the third. In this it is assumed both sexes
are born in equal numbers.

There is natural mortality after the third year, but there are no
means of knowing exactly or even with any approximation what it is
but it must be a small percentage. It is believed allowances other-
wise made are ample to more than offset it, hence no deductions
have been made after the third year until the seals mature.

YEARLINGS.

The number of yearlings in the herd at the present time is ascer-
tained from the number of pups born in 1916. This was 116,977.
When the arbitrary number 40,941 based upon the assumption that
the loss the first year is 35 per cent, is deducted there are left 76,036
to represent the males and females of this age in 1917. Half of these,
or 38,018, should be of each sex, and this number is the best available
for the females in 1917. Five males were killed as shown in the table
on page 118, thus leaving 38,013. It seems an insignificant matter to
deal with such small numbers when such large assumptions are in-
volved, but it is believed that the more known factors which can be
brought to bear in a problem dealing with unknown quantities the
better the result will be. ([tshouid be remembered by any person
studying census computations that whereas exact figures are given
whenever the calculations involved lead to them it is in reality in-
tended that only the round numbers shall apply. The best which
can be made is a careful estimate. )

There is little which can be added to the small amount of informa-
tion already available about this group of seals. A male, however,
was accidentally killed on St. Paul Island, August 10, 1917. Real-
izing the paucity of knowledge of the class, it was carefully measured
and weighed and the skeleton was entirely preserved. Its importance
seems to warrant a special study which has not been completed. It
can be stated, however, that the animal was very fat, weighed 38
pounds and was 36 inches long. Its skin, removed in the usual com-
mercial manner, weighed 7 pounds.

No difficulty need be experienced by anyone in recognizing the
yearlings on the killing field or on the rookeries when it is remembered
that the animals are no larger, and in most cases smaller, than the
pups. But unlike the pups they have light gray throats and the
older animals’ coloration otherwise in most cases. Their heads have
a puppish aspect, and like many animals the flippers (feet) grow large
before the rest of the body. The lower canines are but little over half
as large as those of the 2-year-olds.

120 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.
2-YEAR-OLDS, MALE AND FEMALE.

The number of pups born in 1915 furnishes the basis for determin-
ing the number of this class at the present time; this was 103,527.
The computations leading up to 1916 for this and subsequent classes
have been published in previous reports of the Bureau of Fisheries
-and need not be repeated here. Thus there were computed 33,646
female yearlings in 1916, 20 per cent are supposed to have died the
second winter, leaving 26,917 virgin cows in 1917.

There were estimated 33,645 yearlings males for 1916. One was
killed in the fall which left 33,644. Deduct the 20 per cent for natural
mortahty and there remain 26,915 at the beginning at 1917. An
even hundred were killed as 2-year-olds, which leaves 26,815 for the
class on August 10, 1917. .

38-YEAR-OLD MALES.

The number of 3-year-old males is derived from the births of 1914,
or in other words, from the 2-year-olds in 1916. The latter figure was
24,169. Of these 136 were killed in the fall of 1916, leaving 24,033.
Deduct 4 per cent for natural mortality and there remain 23,072 for
the beginning of 1917. During the past summer (1917) 3,565 were
killed, so that there should remain on August 10, 19,507.

The 3-year-old females bore pups for the first time in 1917 and are
therefore included in the breeding-cow class.

4-YEAR-OLD MALES.

The number of 4-year-old males is derived from the number of
births of 1913 or the 3-year-olds in 1916. The 3-year-olds in 1916
numbered 19,402. As explained heretofore no deductions need be
made for natural mortality of bachelors after the third year. There-
fore, we need only deduct the number of animals killed on land in the
regular course of events. In the fall of 1916 and the summer of 1917
there were taken of the 3-year-olds and 4-year-olds, respectively, 786
and 1,985. Deduct these numbers and there remain 16,631.

5-YEAR-OLD MALES.

This category is derived from the pups born in 1912 or the 4-year-
olds of 1916. The latter figure was 15,427. Deduct 151 4-year-olds
killed in the fall of 1916, and 463 5-year-olds killed in the summer
of 1917, and there remain 14,813. :

6-YEAR-OLD MALES.’

The number of 5-year-olds computed for 1916 was 15,494. Three
were killed that fall leaving 15,491, and 94 6-year-olds, or over, were
taken in thesummer of 1917. Some of these were known to have been
over 6 years old, but as the limits of this age are not yet defined and
the number concerned is insignificant it may be deducted from the
class. This leaves 15,397 to enter the surplus and idle-bull classes in
1918. After the age of 6 years is reached it is very probable that the

FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 191%, 12M

body lengths will express little if any age relations because of the
variation in the sizes of bulls which are fully adult. That is, the
curve is then becoming a straight line which continues through the
rest of the seals’ lives.

SURPLUS BULLS.

There were counted at the height of the breeding season 7,556 idle
bulls and harem bulls. Now, the hauling grounds and rookery mar-
gins were filled with other bulls over 6 years of age, but which could
not get close enough to the masses of cows to desire to hold positions.
Some had been whipped and injured on the rookeries and had resorted
to the hauling grounds to recuperate. They were all left uncounted.
To complete the census, it becomes necessary to prepare an estimate
of this class, because they are included in no other. Heretofore it
has not been necessary to include such a category, because bulls
were not then superabundant. They were nearly all about the
rookeries, and the number left uncounted as idle bulls and harem
bulls was insignificant. But this was not the case in 1917. They
got in the drives to such an extent that they interfered considerably
with sealing work. These surplus bulls were largely 7 and 8 year
old animals, and may be best estimated by starting with the 6-year-
old males of 1916.

The number of 6-year-old males in 1916 was 11,167. None was

‘killed in the fall of 1916. In 1916 there was a total of 6,132 breeding
males. When there is an abundance of bulls, and consequently
much fighting, their breeding age is probably not over 8 years. It
is not believed to be as long as the females, because the branded
males of 1901, 1902, and 1903 have not been as much in evidence
as the females. It may be even less than 8 years; no satisfactory
means of determining this question is known. By assuming that it
is 8 years makes it necessary to deduct 124 per cent (766) from the
6,132 bulls of 1916 for loss due to old age. This leaves 5,366 of the
1916 bulls for 1917. This deducted from the total bulls of 1917
(7,556) makes an increment of 2,190 necessary on the rookeries, and
they were derived in sufficient entirety from the 6-year-old class of
1916 to be taken from them. This leaves 8,977 of the 6-year-old
animals of that year unable to get on the rookeries, and they are
called surplus bulls. While it is known that not all of these were
7-year-olds which were hauled away from the rookeries, it is believed
that there were enough of this class which did not get cows or became
idle to offset the number of older bulls on the hauling grounds. And
while this computation may appear somewhat indefinite, no better
method has occurred by means of which the number may be arrived
at more satisfactorily. Most certainly these bulls on the hauling
ground can not be ignored and left unmentioned because they are
difficult to estimate. It is believed that the figure given is conserva-
tive and under rather than over the actual number. This class will
not continue longer than it takes to reduce the surplus of bulls now
obtaining by commercial sealing.

py. ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1917.

COMPLETE CENSUS OF FUR-SEAL HERD, 1917.

Pupe,.de per counts and ‘estimates. 1. +. «ase usdeceee sc scenes enc seme 128, 024
Breeding cows; 3 years oldand over! 21.0: st ocSbos.c. 220 Lee cee 128, 024
Harem) pulls as) pericoumtesiesaie cinin'ore'sisiols tole malerctetel= aie /aie oie favor a aio are arene 4, 850
Idle wbulie\ asi peri counts she sees asic innate sells eebicinl- s/n ie Nee e ere 2, 706
Yearlings, male and female:
tips Orn ta OVC seater css 2c see ceo metenetsmeetete Rive ott aeet a ate aie 116, 977
Deduct 35 per cent for natural mortality.................-...- 40, 941
V earings Deoinmnie ert 5.2 ua as pales Oe amas «ieee es 16, 036
Memaless/50) Pers Combs cae cs cla lenin eteleetaIe Ia ee te ioole ole acetate 38, 018
iy SSMEDOE
Males Pecamming OB 0O1 7/2 2s o2cte stat a eeaees olseip aio oi ey pelt eee 38, 018
Males killed aml ON gre. a osnis BES cai teiete sein =o ina = prom ineate 5
Males Aare! 10!) TOU7 4.202 ce Se ers i BE perches oe otk ioe 38, 013
2-year-old male and female:
Yearling demales,Aug. 10), J91G 235 coc te Fede opie nds ams aegis 33, 646
Deduct 20 per cent for natural mortality...........-..--.----- 6, 729
2veat-old females Mhy1 G17. OF) Ls. cots PAMELA, Ee 26,917
Yearlingimales Ang 310 pUOLG sal cele om -Btles- ack ~~ 02 ace rlse 33, 645
Males, alled {fall of WOIGs © tccae fiw eos peet tos ck aceisa sie oe 1
iWalescend sob, WONG! feces Comores omen heat pies aw eee cline cate 33, 644
Deduct 20 per cent for natural mortality.........:....---.---- 6, 729
2-year-old males beginning of 1917. .....-.---.-------------+--- 26, 915
2-vear-oldmales killed LOLT . 2 22 acai meee snide seni einen 100
2-year-old' males’ Avg. TO) TONS o.oo | See. heehee itera 26, 815
3-year-old males:
23-year-old males Aug.) 10,1996. 226 te oe os eed ae eee 24, 169
2-year-old males killed fall of 1916..........--.--.------------ 136
2-year-old males end of 1916. -....-24---- 2-2 + -- 220-52 ee seen 24, 033
Deduct 4 per cent for natural mortality........-.-.---:------- 961
3-year-old males beginning of 1917. ......----.--------------- 23, 072
3-year-old males killed in 1917_.........---------.--------+-- 3, 565
S-year-old/males Avig.1O VON o. o. s settee otis cite eetoeeee 19, 507
4-year-old males:
3-year-old males Aug. 10, 1916. ....--.-----..--+-+-----2-++-- 19, 402
3-year-old males killed fall of 1916..............---.------.-.- 786
3-year-old males'end of 1916. . 2222 ...-2-.2--c0- cine ee eee nitee 18, 616
4-year-old males killed in 1917. ...2). 22-000. 22 102+ os8-+- ese 1, 985
4-year-old males Aug. 10, 1917. .............-.-------0------- 00 16, 631
5-year-old males:
4-year-old males Aug. 10, 1916. .......-..------.------------- 15, 427
4-year-old males killed fall of 1916........-...-..--------+---- 151
4-year-old males end of 1916. ....-9.------------ eee e eee eee nee 15, 276
5-year-old males killed in 1917.......-.----------+---+eeeeee- 463
5-year-old males Aug. 10, 1917. -....-----------------eeeeeeeee 14, 813
6-year-old males:
5-year-old males Aug. 10, 1916. .........-----------+-------e-- 15, 494
5-year-old males killed fall of 1916.........- PES aemenes wy (aps et 334 6, 3
5-year-old males end of 1916 ........2.----se--- eee eee e eee 15, 491
6-year-old males killed in 1917.......-..-----s-------eeeeeeee 94

6-year-old males Aug. 10, 1917. .......-.---eceeeee ee ee eee eencee 15, 397

FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1917. 123

Ipreenine bullet: IOUG= 2225. 2) aitate ieee < 20's son ctes a elstale 6, 132
Deduct 2. pericent for old age less) Peete c= ajo... ae acetone 766
, 1916 pulShiMe TOUT A sto sienniw slats ib sale seeeteesclae a. sais sae maste 5, 366
Ney cl Len isin Sy ease COR A 6 io en ae 7, 556
DedncielGilGapmlishmilotessss of a2. ase eae ae sae vee cee 5, 366
Pacromentor younr- bullsin 1917... 3.05 eceeeee sod. es ck Le 2,190
eeveae old males ti LONG aoe... eee 2. ase bas 11, 167
Deduct increment going into breeding bulls class, 1917......... 2, 190
STAT ISEMES DLE AAR) OILY oi 0 La a aa 2 cle Sioa ith Cn nse aleve Sueicie 8, 977
RECAPITULATION.
ee aera rain aes ania ec la ipl a aia hes a apa ate alae ln lube oa ale wieielas the 128, 024
Breeding cows......-.- Ae ae A 2) eA = 2,2 RU ce ey Yoo 128, 024
[Bksanereny Toll Rsts ee eee et ta ett entree ay Dene ar aU eRe ae AC or nko eS eM eee A cee ao oU
LeGHNe@ [SUAS SS oe Ae Ss = ee ia de EE Cals Re RIN TC Sara 2, 706
ree REMC eee ek Uae Sole otc So's Bu Sa cuba mewode deeds s 38, 018
SRRSIMBTH ALES SY Aare eat Wasi fecha ate wes. be elu ae setae AB ai 38, 013
Beret eel GNM AG ee El AR ys ale Paley Rela Ae UNG a Ma SDS a ot molten wee 26, 917
BPEDMEERPSUED LCS CeIn DAO D te id sin ne Meee a tee Noida od ec aot Gh woah alae dtieam es & 26, 815
BEM ar REYR LON ho WSN 2) De essa Ce NL ciate Boe NM alee cis oa aca a tate hecpie aie eee 6 19, 507
rears UPRBRESHIL CE: ie opera Cte tea Pa en CIS aye SES wl anc hs, Gis oe Dipti dA mie att wieed ala 16, 631
Soo SLD T LETS PILI ca GSO Rg ARE nce eee Rae ee OER DREN, SE EE RE ete 14, 813
aR BE BMPR OR GE ee NUN yee ic fee dee Maia He acl Ger Saale in chats bata Se asa baiesalencrele wg a5) © 15, 397
PTE) AUS SS ee Ee SOS a ee Smee Se Ceca Been Orth ro tone oe 8,977
peteca ell eee Sei cete ia aloe reppin oo opeignia etait caida n' cine ie 'e wisteiasiotas 468, 692

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MORTALITY OF FISHES ON THE WEST COAST
OF FLORIDA

By HARDEN F. TAYLOR
Scientific Assistant, Bureau of Fisheries

Appendix III to the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1917

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CONTENTS.

Daron ane tn reshioaimon: su B22 east Geen 4a CR ee.
Pent lord ie Gistsper an LQG. 92. 8c5 (chase usnacine ts adtaacieniote Masmue meses
PERISH LIONS VEG elds ooo soe Sok an at. Sasi Ne Be ONS UN oe
epee OCLC ee ent he Sek em ae he cakes SOs Sek Meme of alsa a aaa
Miers eared Oot COUMUEIONS! cent a ra ota aoc Sea os ciate o re Poke oe otal ae ane
HH xeUaT EON OL SPECIMENS: et. jesecte etek tN MMSE A oe Lae eee
Discussion of possible causes of this and similar disasters in other parts of the

Houlswaterironl thers vercoladess: ssemesscec yates cee ceo n eeiceesinilele belie
Pettatmiuin and, Gther protiste2 Js, 12.6 ss... .sicizsoe a Gane on de cee kom ees
Mipercearstin le PAPARU GOR Mis oo cio 2 oe Meee «ie x a oe cision epic ee eae Meee
UECLNS es TT! COSTA CVT cee a ala alle aa a a i Rae epee us ee
Pemesite ana nataral cases... 862 S62 eck ocy tha as nase down bee
PUreIeMI BEA Renee ork me hae Soe ek te Tes AMEN Ne ee tale See
Aitathmity andietinity of thei water 2.2.0.2... 2s ae Fe
Ornate maraliises due to, obscure Gavisess<. 2228224 sc a2 os Me he as chee den
STINIALY OROGUGMINIONS se No an of ene tyson Oe ocala auc oe hs werele dee
EMOPTA DEY ho apace roe sta alah cas ciaic'c pn ain ofa bias « pata temeee see cee oe cietee

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MORTALITY OF FISHES ON THE WEST COAST OF FLORIDA.

By Harpren F. Taytor, Scientific Assistant, Bureau of Fisheries.

OCCASION FOR THE INVESTIGATION.

Repeatedly in the past 75 years reports have come from the west
coast of Florida of “ poison water,” which killed fishes in large num-
bers, and also, according to some reports, other animals, notably
sponges. The reports and references are too fragmentary to give an
accurate record of the distribution of the mortality, but collectively
they clearly indicate that all the keys from Key West nearly as far
north as Cedar Keys have been visited by this plague, and that it
occurred in the years 1844, 1854, 1878, 1880, 1882, 1883, 1908, and
finally in 1916.

REPORTS OF THE DISASTER IN 1o916.

In October and November, 1916, the mortality recurred in severe
form, the first visitation since 1908. Numerous descriptive reports
were received, from which the following significant points were
summarized :

Fishes of a great number of species were noted dead and dying;
the air was charged with a suffocating gas, which not only occasioned
severe discomfort to man and other air-breathing animals, but irri-
tated the air passages, producing the symptoms of colds. This gas,
while exceedingly irritating, had no odor. The fishing smacks which
are equipped with “wells” or openings through to the water in
which live fish are kept report that the whole catch died while the
smacks were en route to port; the normal color of the water had
given way to water of different color, variously described as “ black
streaky,” “amber,” “olive,” and “red”; the white paint of certain
houses near the water was temporarily blackened, apparently by
gases from the enormous number of dying fish. Some local observers
found fish dying in the sounds; others noted them in the passes and
in the Gulf to a distance of 45 miles out, but the abundance of fish
in any locality varied from day to day. The reports of the order

99805°—19— 22 . 5

6 MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA.

in which the species appeared are not consistent, so it is assumed that
there was no particular succession of species. The abnormal condi-
tions seemed to be moving southward, occurring at Boca Grande on
October 3 and 18, at Captiva Pass about the middle of October, at
Blind Pass about October 20, at San Carlos Pass about November 1,
and dead fish were first seen at Big Marco Pass on November 5.
Captiva Pass is 7.5 statute miles south of Boca Grande Pass; the
others are, respectively, 16.5, 27.75, and 67.75 miles to the south of
Boca Grande Pass. The captain of the steamer Roamer, of the
Florida Shellfish Commission, reports that dead fish were seen as
far south as Cape Romano, about 128 miles south of Boca Grande.
The death of two persons in Fort Myers, Fla., in November, was
attributed to the eating of some of these dead fish.

The following letters from George H. Skermer, deputy collector of
customs at Boca Grande, describing the phenomenon, merit reproduc-
tion here. Letter dated October 22, 1916, reads:

I wish to call your attention to an unusual phenomenon which has occurred
on the Gulf coast during the past month, and which, so far as I am able to
ascertain, has extended on the north to Sarasota and south to Naples, west-
ward, from 15 to 20 miles.

About October 3, large quantities of what are locally known as “ red-mouth
grunts’ began to come ashore. These fish were normal in appearance, with the
exception that many showed a tendency to have the eyes almost forced out
of their sockets. The early morning of the third the Gulf was covered with
these fish as far as the eye could see. Later in the day many other varieties
began to drift in, and by night what might be styled windrows of them were
lying along the beach. Among them were many fish altogether strange to us;
among the known varieties were mackerel, jacks, small shark, porkfish, sheeps-
head, toadfish (several varieties), mangrove snappers, grouper, sardines, sea-
horse, cowfish, remora, moray, eels, mullet, pinfish, gurnards, ladyfish, grunts,
and many other varieties, not all of which showed the tendency to “popeye.”

Soon after this drift commenced I went to the beach accompanied by a smali
dog; while on the beach I felt a slight tendency to sneeze and cough; shortly
afterwards my attention was called to the action of the dog which was sneezing
violently and seemed to be in acute distress, choking and showing every syimp-
tom of asphyxiation. I carried him off the beach and in a short time he seemed
to recover, so I carried him back, and the same thing happened again. I then
noticed that my lungs were feeling sore and that my breathing was labored, in
much the same manner as when I board ships after fumigation, except that I
could notice no odor. Other people were affected the same way.

Later in the day the captain of the Cuban fishing smack Rafacla Pedre, which
had run into the harbor for water after a 45-day trip, come to the office and
told me that his entire catch of grouper and snapper had died almost imme-
diately after the tide started in. I questioned him carefully and found that
they had noticed the peculiar sensation I huve above described. The next day
another smack came in with her fish dead and reported that dead fish covered
the Gulf for miles out. The captain of the Dutch steamship Zeta, which arrived
on the Sth. reported that he had passed through miles of dead fish.

In a few days the plague abated, very few more coming in.

MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA. 7

However, on the 18th another violent outbreak occurred, this being much
more serious than the first, inasmuch as it had killed many large fish which did
not seem to be the case during the first attack. For the past few days the
beach has been lined with tarpon, jewfish, grouper, and many varieties of top
fish which seemed to escape the first attack. In addition to this, many of the
bay fish are succumbing. The gas was very violent this time and many people |
telephoned for medical assistance for “ cold in the head,” “sore throats,” “cold |
in the chest,” ete., besides coming to see the local physician, who is also the
United States quarantine surgeon here. I, myself, have suffered quite acutely
for the past five days, but the worst of the gas seems to be going now.

I tried the dog again, and again had to take him off. I do not think he would
have been able to live over two hours on the beach. The fish died in a very
short time. I observed a mullet dying yesterday; as’ the tide came into the
bayou the gas met him, he began to act strangely, coming to the top, whirling
around and around, and then sank to the bottom, lying stomach up for a little
while, when he turned on his side dead. Spadefish acted the same way. It is
now reported that the fish are dying freely in the remote bays and bayous,
every local variety seeming to give up its share. I have been told that many of
the barnacles have also died, but I can not confirm this. I have noticed that
the conchs and crabs are not dying, at least to any extent. * * *

If you desire any other information as to this matter, I shall be glad to |
furnish it if it lies in my power. I meant’to state that I noticed the pungent
/ feeling of the gas particularly when a wave “ broke” and believe that this will
explain why the top fish escaped with less visible destruction than the bottom,
the breaking of the wave aerating the water more or less. * * *

The gas has none of the characteristics of H:S; it acts with the same peculi-
arity of chlorine, but is odorless, perhaps is CO2; addition of lead acetate to
sea water gives a dense white precipitate, but am not sure but that it might do
that normally, precipitating lead chloride.

The “odorless but exceedingly irritating gas,” as described, was
not noted by the observer, but had, perhaps, already subsided. The
protrusion of the eyeballs was due to the accumulation of gases from
decay behind the orbits, as only those fishes which had been dead
for some time were thus affected.

A letter from Mr. Skermer, dated November 11, 1916, reads:

I am in receipt of your letter of the 8th instant relative to the supposed
presence in the Gulf waters of Peridinii in abnormal numbers. I wish to state
that I have not been able to learu of such conditions obtaining nor have I
noticed any marine growth of abnormal appearance at any time during the
mortality periods. However, I have inquired carefully at every opportunity
since the fish began to die from any person who I had reason to suppose
had come in contact with the dying fish as to whether he had noticed any
peculiarity in the water. I learned from two persons that the fish seemed
to die in ‘“‘ streaks ” and sometimes in dark-colored water; others noticed nothing
abnormal in the appearance of the water but did speak.of the odorless but
exceedingly irritating gas which seemed to be liberated at intervals. * * #*

This morning I inquired of a Spanish fisherman, who lives about 7 miles
south of Boca Grande, as to conditions near him. He informed me that fish
were still dying along the Captiva Pass and inside waters of Pine Island
Sound. He further stated that the fish died when coming in contact with it.
The dark-colored water he said was in the bays and did not enter the Gulf
at all except at low water. From this I am inclined to believe that it is

8 MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA.

slinply an overflow of swamp water, and do not believe that it is the cause of
the: mortality.

The fish were killed many miles out in the Gulf. The captain of the Dutch
steamer Themisto, which arrived here October 27, told me that he passed
through immense numbers of dead fish 45 miles out. I asked him if he noticed
anything abnormal in the appearance of the water, and he said “No.” A
fishing smack which entered here lost all its fish after entering the bay,
and another reported that upon attempting to enter the bay saw its fish
beginning to die, and that upon turning about and going into the Gulf they
recovered. I can only reconcile the two circumstances in this way: For
several days after the fish ceased dying in the Gulf they died in the bay, and it
is probable that the last-mentioned smack met the returning current from
the bay to the Gulf, while the first-mentioned got it in full strength from the

Gulf in the beginning of the attack, as he was anchored in the tidal channel.
* * *

INVESTICATION IN THE FIELD.

Conditions made it impossible to undertake a field investigation
during the early stages of the mortality when it was at its worst, but
the writer arrived at Fort Myers, Fla., on the Caloosahatchee River,
November 12, and remained in the region for a period of 10 days.

Since the mortality of the fishes had been ascribed to foul water
from the Everglades, the condition of this river was first noted. No
abnormal conditions were observed in the river; small fish were
abundant; birds were feeding upon them. Schools of mullet and
red drum (“redfish”), vast numbers of ducks, and many pelicans
were seen on the river below Fort Myers. In no case was a dead
water animal found on the river. The water was of a brownish color,
due, presumably, to tannin or other pigments from the mangroves
and palmettoes, but it is understood that such a condition is not un-
favorable to fish.

On the next day a reconnoissance trip was made on a river steamer
from Fort Myers down the Caloosahatchee to Punta Rasa, thence
across San Carlos Bay to Sanibel, across the bay again to St. James
City, on Pine Island, thence across Pine Island Sound to Wulfert (in-
side mouth of Blind Pass), then through a narrow channel to Cap-
tiva, returning the same day via Sanibel and Punta Rasa. Between
Fort Myers and Punta Rasa (18 miles) the river appeared to be
normal in every respect. In San Carlos Bay dead fishes were noted,
blanched and soft, apparently having been dead for some time. On
the inside beaches of Sanibel, Pine, and Captiva Islands dead fishes
in great numbers and of a multitude of species were noted, all in a
state of decay.

On the return trip, near Sanibel Wharf, a specimen of squeteague
(Cynoscion nebulosus) was taken in a state of rigor mortis, but with-
out apparent abnormality.

U. S. B. F.—Doc. 848. PLATE I,

PUNTA GORDA

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BOCA GRANDE
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CAPTIVA PASS

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MAP SHOWING REGION WHERE MORTALITY OCCURRED.

U. S. B. F.—Doc. 848 PLATE II.

SAN CARLOS BEACH, SANIBEL ISLAND, NOVEMBER 19, 1916.

GULF BEACH, SANIBEL ISLAND, NOVEMBER 19, 1916,

MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA. g

Beginning the next day, November 13, the writer spent three days
in the vicinity of San Carlos Bay, with headquarters at Sanibel. In
this interval water samples were collected at various places in San
Carlos Bay and Pass, Pine Island Sound, Tarpon Bay, and Blind
Pass. Efforts made to collect bottom samples were successful only
in obtaining pieces of shell and fragments of a thin layer of lime
deposit which seems to cover the bottom in San Carlos Bay and Pine
Island Sound. Such qualitative tests as were made indicated a
rather strong alkalinity. On November 13 and 14 dead fishes were
in greater abundance, coming in, apparently, on the tide. On the
138th a census of dead fishes was taken covering 20 steps of the San
Carlos Beach, Sanibel Island. This census revealed 163 specimens
of fishes, of 26 species, and included neither the windrow cast up at
high tide, nor those floating, but only those at or close to the water’s
edge. On the dark nights of that week the phosphorescence of the
decaying fishes made the beach visible for a long distance, and the
sand was so charged with phosphorescent bacteria that one’s tracks
persisted for some seconds. Familiar fishes were identified by their
own light. The odor was almost intolerable; people dwelling on the
islands hauled away wagonloads and buried them in their orchards
for fertilizer.

SPECIES AFFECTED. |

In all the region covered the following species were noted :4

Species. Common name. Family.
Mantatbirostris Ott cors titi Et ical: Devilfish: tReet Sees A rea Mantide.
Ocyurus-chrysurus 07 toes oe anton nce = Wiellow=tatle: seat ee seer inn st UU tlanidss,
Neomisenis ErISUS! 7a nese eee Mangrovesnapper...........--------- | Do.
Epinephilus morio’a, < 4222 50.222) 2 ese ncu as. IREdImroupen eerie os -OCN wea eee Serranide.
EMS ima tusecta 22) 00 Leet eh ee Te. ee Nassdwerouper fice ss ossescsk tees Do.
GAM AMIE en 2 occ acibeeie teas scene eae Jewish Uses ee user iaae ok le | Do.
Centropristes striatus: - 2. 0.5..:2..6..+lbscce8- pea bassh ies jet sc ess eae esa Do.
DMGTIEICIETUUS Sig). = 2.5 = ai ons oc e teenennam nid WiDIGING 25 Soe te en eee me oer | Scisenidee.
Gynoscioninabltiiosus: 5002522505. 5025 22522 | Spotted squeteague (“‘trout™)........ Do.:
TS Dog heuce s60cc 5G SR OORSADACE ROC SECEEE epee I Squetearue (“trout”)... .22 2. .22can8. Do.
Balrdiellaspserdattut casita kl ceseceee| GOLGI splays cltancial= seis aerial see Do.
EOP OTA CRIS ers reais 3 cers tain caciciee ces. IMBlackednim (CC dritm?2) ey es ge aa Do.
Sclesnops oCellawus: 215). Shi3. 2. o see does Red drum, channel bass (‘‘redfish’’). . Do.
Wanponetlanies o.oo. were e ca cocieesecse- Tarpon. + \ peek ae ee oe eel oe tence | Elopide.
Curaweip poses: 055 oO Grevalle Pee e) ete AE AEA | Carangide.
Ee SONG Re co icicioe ete nec aw. anaistuisecscee Crevallé (‘‘skip jack”). 2....252......- Do.
Belen vOMe ame a8 2a Soede cto as eee MGoutshie ete ninsss cunesaame ns seens Do.
Trachinotusicarolniis:....25..----seesecsees Pompano Aphex sodsensasce=ssosces _ Do.
OHPODRUES OATES AS. O55. ase oes ow mem neaemes are Leather Jackets. fee I: Do.
ScOnprenisispe = peeses cons se sos seats apeeeeesae Scorpionfishssseeseaenereeeoensececns Scorpenide.
MOPUIE BME sees ic ais 5 = scee asec se ceseaeeeae G0 Nf Ce) ee Bs Se a cl el ie a Mugilide.
Hemuloniplumiierin.< 0.6. Fe. 0c2 deepens EA TW Bre gee cee = ior boecnec tn ae Hemulide.
FS Gann eee as ars 5S occa cemeceonl ose es GO... 2 sn3 5c eee aha s Sena tadoes Ov Ewe
Bathystoma rimator................-e-es-00-- Red-mouth grunt. 22.22. Jo ose ce Do.
AnisotremUsivPMICns « 35..6cccsececeeenece ets POTASH « oyic So aee eee ets lean a as me bite Do.
Monacanthus spaces st fale oo. es esosde elke IBilefish < 2 See se Se) Ae Monacanthide.
Do sie "Ee AOE U ROCCE ADDI: LeCeenal ME ae CR ge eae O23 Sonor mCc apes Do.
Scomberomorusregalis.......002.csseecccceees Goro: Inc SHE ye seemren te atscccectene Scombridee.
Rossola marginataeecee sco ek sien Cask Geli is: Sse ae re) see Ophidiide,
Starus votala ls, Seweese es cece lo scsoteeice ces Rearratfish?) J eee aos See Scaride.

a The identifications here represente1 are, of course, open to question. Time did not admit of careful
study. On the great majority of the fishes the colors had faded, of several species only badly decomposed
specimens were seen, and some of the others were quite unfamiliar to the observer.

> Not seen by writer, but reported by fishermen and others,

10 MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA.

Species. Common name. amily.

i =
Ghetodiptertis tabers. 3-5-0. 22. este eeceees ce li Spaderishenceceee ck oo ....| Ephippide.
Archosargus probatocephalus................- | Sheepshead.......... Sparide
Otrynter caprinus..........526 -.-| Long-spine porgy.... Do
AAUMAB ODE =k. pan doeecee meee tee foo PONEY ete tease le aes : Do.
jeyconorntis (morinipa?): 220.2 cacseee rece ete. s | Black moray....... Mureenide.
Pe Gordantt) 2 cee ee c cate aac eek oie ta wai | Spotted moray... Do.
Maralichthys spaccscccs. coccoereseee te cela Hloundervenes.... oe Pleuronectide.
Bchoeneisremora: loess se eee ee oe oe ocean Remora, shark pilot... ..| Echeneidide.
Clupanodon pseudohispani: us...............- Sardine (‘‘shiner”)....... ..| Clupeide.
Brevoortiatyranmiisee sce cc aes Menbadankess 5. Gases soe conse. fee Do. §
Chretodon ocellatits ct: eee eee. eee Buttonivishe ss pe ees eee Cheetodontide. ~
AnPrellchthysicilignit.aseeceepeae soe ecco seen IATIP SIND oe € joo ee oe ee Do.
Vactophnys triconitisee eee meee ee eee eee Drunitish(“cowfisit ees se cent eee Ostraciide.
Wactonbnysitniconuseesseeer cease cccdte cee | ibe Gia Ie os hes Set ae 5 Do.
IEPIONOTUSISD eth cee en Pee bt tae [PORTO IOLL Saar 1/2. 2 lec Dire tale 1 he | Triglide.
Onsanusispeien- seperti een acme eee poet (213 V1 Pe ie OS oT a Re OF Batrachoidide.
Spherolaesisp icc ee een Le od. 24305) OM Caah Fray: vo Like | 0 Vets) a, ee ein ee EE eo ‘Tetraodontide.
Chvlomycteruis'spinoprisns seeeeece: soso ue eee fBimerdfish <8 og hoses oh 5. ee uae Diodontide.
Wasyahis'(say?)<22 3p ee ak os Wstigeiray fos loAlees Tie ee See Dasvatide.
Raigispee ee. BEA oS io See are Reema asm WESEAtO. 7.4: iy aloes sas Sik Oars Rajide.
HAO vaps narinanios fee. eee ek: eae | Spotted sting ray........-.-.-.-.-.... Myliobatide.
Rhinobatus lentiginosus..22-.5....5-¢.-cc-ce0 piGuitaniti sh). se) copes see ee tee ee eee Rhinobatide.
Helichthysfeliss.. 2: ete Lee eas Sees |. Gatl-topsail’catfishi tio) ei Stluride.
Galeichthys (milberti?) /- 2). 22)25.5--2.20.5c5: Sea catfish 005 sc. 5. ent a mne eos tose eee Do.
Hemirhamphusisn oie t ies ia a ae Halfbeak; needlefish.................- Hemirham-

| phide.

A SOSUPUS SPS!) Fad Fe a tee Ube tee ance | Marine gar; needlefish................| Belonide.
A ae tea Rielle ene a Ee ee ee ee ee ' Smalleel; whip eel............-.....--| Moringuid#?
eptocephalus conserss...s2) tee seen ee Conpencelssi cei as ee ee | T eptocephalide.
Synodusifcevens! + -.20 S308! ee ne eee ae \Wisigandefish. tt asso Sone: |, Seen Synodontide.
Sphyrnaitiburce cet. ee ee | Shovel-nose shark...................-- | Sphyrnide.
Carcharinus (Obseliriis?) sao. seeoen ce on eee (eGhaple. tc eee oie keane neat enn Galeide.
Albulaivalpeskh yee Rete ele ee te | Ladyfish...... BRR Sa Joep 82 oe pares eS Albulidee.
Ogeocephalus vespertilio..) csc see eeee alee eee Batfish<-22.5.c202s0..+scnaescees.- dus 2) OGocenueliaas:

|

Of invertebrates, sea urchins (Arbacia), the king, or horseshoe
crab (Limulus), and sponges were noted. It is a matter worth noting
that very few animals other than fishes were killed. Barnacles,
oysters, and mussels were examined, but they were in good condition.
Live conchs and hermit crabs were repeatedly observed. Porpoises
were plentiful during the period of observation. Pelicans and other
water birds behaved normally. Buzzards were common in the lo-
cality, yet they neglected the dead fish entirely.

The dead fauna of the Gulf beach was not markedly different from
that of the bays. Relatively more carangids, sharks, and rays were
seen, but many of the dead forms were buried ia the hard beach sand,
hence the Gulf beach did not present such a striking picture as did
the inside beaches. Taking the whole territory into consideration the
relative abundance of the different species is estimated as follows in
the order given, less abundant species being omitted:

Grunt (Hemulon plumieri) (H. sciwrus).

Mullet (Mugil cephalus).

Trunkfish (Lactophrys trigonus) (L. tricornis).

Puffer (Spheroides sp.).

Menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus).

Sardine (Clupanodon pseudohispanicus).

Red-mouth grunt (Bathystoma rimator).

Spadefish (Chetodipterus faber).

Moray (Lycodontis sp.).

Filefish (Monacanthus ?).

Sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus).

Spotted squeteague (Cynoscion nebulosus).

MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA. ita

Tt is assumed that the numbers are representative of the relative
abundance of these forms in life. The sizes of specimens would also
suggest that all true fishes were killed, regardless of size. They
range from jewfish of approximately 200 pounds to forms less than
% inches long.

METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS.

The temperature of the water was around 75° F. until November 15.
On this date a violent “ northwester” blew up, occasioning a series
of extraordinarily high and low tides. After this the temperature
was 65° F., and continued at about that figure through the remainder
of the observation period. Contrary to what might be expected, the
mortality of fishes did not cease after the storm. In this connection
it may be added that the wind had been blowing constantly from the
northeast for several weeks previously and, after the storm, shifted
around to the northeast again.

The water was olivaceous in color—about such a color as would be
expected from a mixture of sea water with the brownish water of
the rivers. Those accustomed to seeing the water stated that during
the period of mortality the water was of a more brownish color than
usual. The wake of the boats had an oily appearance, or was appar-
ently not so effervescent as that in normal sea water. It was further
stated that at the height of the mortality, on the Gulf coast, the water
was of an amber color (by transmitted hight). This colored water
was described as being not uniformly distributed, but occurring in
streaks, and it was in these streaks that the fish are said to have
perished. A resident of the island described the death of a mullet
thus:

The fisherman was following a large mullet in Tarpon Bay (partly inclosed
in Sanibel Island), intending to capture it with a cast net. The fish, at a depth
of possibly 2 feet, seemed suddenly to strike a streak of the bad water, came
rapidly to the surface, flipped from the water, and, after a short struggle, ex-
pired.

The exact spot, about 6 feet from shore, was visited by the observer,
but nothing unusual was noted. Several dead mullets were seen
ashore; live porpoises and conchs were in the water.

EXAMINATION OF SPECIMENS,

On November 16 a mangrove snapper (Neomenis griseus) was
taken by a boatman in a moribund condition. The writer first saw
this fish a few minutes after it had died, and he at once dissected it.
The blood was not yet coagulated, and, indeed, seemed less inclined
to coagulate than one might expect. The fish was not infested with
parasites, no lesions were noted, the gills were pink (perhaps too
red), the stomach contents were small fish, clean and constituting an

12 MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA.

apparently wholesome food. The liver was slightly abnormal in
appearance, being faintly mottled with a lighter shade of brown.
The mucous covering of the body was transparent and colorless;
none of the organs were distended by gas, nor were gas bubbles
observed in the blood vessels. The eyes were clear, and no evidence
of fungus was seen. The coloring of the fish was vigorous.

Fishes in a moribund condition were reported as having been ob-
served in the passes. in the Gulf, and in Tarpon Bay, but since the
carcasses drifted with wind and tide the mere presence of dead fish
was not an indication of a mortality at any given place. The condi-
tion sought for must have been immediately at hand, however, when
a moribund fish was observed on November 19.

Tt was » small filefish (J/onacanthus sp.), and was first observed
near the dock at Bailey’s Wharf, Sanibel, in water not over 3 feet
deep. The fish was brilliantly mottled with maroon on a slate-
colored background. It was drifting upon its side, making but
slight effort to balance. This fish was captured and placed in a
bucket of the water from which the fish was taken. A moment later
a small, active, pinfish was captured in the same place and likewise
kept in another bucket with some of the same water. The color of
the filefish faded, but repeatedly revived when the fish was disturbed ;
each response, however, was weaker than the preceding one until the
fish died, and the color faded in about 2 hours. The pinfish, taken at
the same time and place, lived till it was released at Fort Myers,
about 6 hours later. Both species had repeatedly been noted dead
upon the beach. Within 50 feet of the point where the filefish was
dying numerous mangrove-snappers and sheepshead were seen, quite
healthy in appearance. So we have the anomalous condition of
dying fish and perfectly healthy fish within 50 feet of each other
and in the same water, with certain knowledge that all the species
concerned are subject to destruction by the abnormality responsible
for the death of so many species.

Representations were made to the writer concerning the pollution
of Peace River. This is a small sluggish stream, tributary to Char-
lotte Harbor, and drains a region now being worked for phosphate
rock. It was said that the waste from the works destroyed the fish.
However true this may be, a brief visit only was necessary to show
that such a pollution could have no bearing on the mortality under
consideration. Small fish as well as vegetation were in the stream;
and, besides, the stream is of insignificant size.

DISCUSSION OF POSSIBLE CAUSES OF THIS AND SIMILAR DIS-
ASTERS IN OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD.

It may said at the beginning of this discussion that while a definite -
conclusion has not been reached as to the cause or causes of this

U.S. B. F.—Doe. 848, PLATE III.

VIEWS OF SAN CARLOS BEACH, SANIBEL ISLAND, NOVEMBER 19, 1916.

U. S. B. F.—Doc. 848. PLATE IV.

aot

> en RY

a
PERS ’
See ae

VIEWS OF SAN CARLOS BEACH, SANIBEL ISLAND, NOVEMBER 19, 1916.

MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA. 13

mortality, yet certain possible causes are shown not to be operative.
Furthermore, significant circumstances in the case of 1916 and of
previous years, records of similar disasters in other parts of the
world, and opinions of representatives of the numerous sciences con-
cerned, are brought together here as the basis of discussion and also
for further work, if there should be a recurrence of the phenomenon.

The mortality occurred in 1844, 1854 (Ingersoll, 1882), and a very

evere attack was reported in January, 1878. In August, September,

October, and November, 1880, it occurred again, but in relatively
milder form. The last two instances are said to have been preceded
by earthquakes. In July, 1882. the plague returned; in this case it
may be connected with the tilefish disaster, which occurred at the
edge of the continental shelf south of Nantucket along the 100-
fathom line. In the summer of 1908 a similar mortality destroyed
the sponge beds along the keys between Key West and the mainiand.
In 1916. as above stated, the mortality was exceedingly severe be-
tween Boca Grande Pass and Big Marco Pass. The older reports are
meager and not based on direct observations; in some cases inverte-
brates—chiefly sponges and king crabs—were predominant, in others,
sharks and porpoises. It may, then, be assumed that the reports
furnish no'reliable indication of exact conditions.

The causes suggested are (1) water from the Everglades charged
with tannin and products of decomposition of palmettoes and man-
groves; (2) extraordinary abundance of Peridiniwm known to have
occasioned the death of fishes in different parts of the world; (3) a
disease, fungoid, parasitic, or bacterial; (4) dilution of the water by
unusually heavy rains; (5) an issue of gas, volcanic or natural; and
(6) earthquakes or seaquakes. .

FOUL WATER FROM THE EVERGLADES.

1. A hypothesis that has been advanced repeatedly is that water
from the Everglades, charged with tannin and the products of decay
in vegetation, is brought down by the rivers and kills fishes. It may
be said with sufficient certainty that this is an impossible explana-
tion. For there are no a priori grounds for assuming that the Ever-
glade water is poisonous; nor is there any material evidence of such
a condition. No fresh-water fishes were killed; life in the river was
normal; and fishes are known to live in the Everglades. The sporadic
appearance of the phenomenon casts doubt on the possibility of such
an explanation. And, finally, it seems quite impossible to believe
that the volumes of the rivers are sufficient to account for such a
widespread distribution of the mortality. It may be, however, that
the accumulation of the river load as a decaying organic sediment

14 MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA.

furnishes the gases and other products of decomposition confined
for a time, but sporadically released by what may be found to be the
proximate cause—seismic disturbances. This possibility will be
discussed later.

PERIDINIUM AND OTHER PROTISTS.

2. An extraordinary abundance of Peridinium has, at times, caused
the death of a great number of fish and crustacea. Under certain
circumstances, as yet unknown, these organisms multiply in vast
numbers, giving the sea a reddish or chocolate color. Such colored
areas are usually accompanied by an offensive smell, and are sharply
marked off from the unaffected water. They have been encountered
by mariners in many parts of the world, and numerous accounts ap-
pear in the literature. Darwin (1846) observed it “a degree south
of Valparaiso,” Nishikawa (1901) and Mitsukuri (1904) on the
Japan coast, Carter (1858) around the island of Bombay, Mead
(1898) in Narragansett Bay, Smith (1903) in Manila Bay. Both
Darwin and Carter cite numerous other references.

Dr. R. E. Coker records (in unpublished notes) from the coast of
Peru a phenomenon possibly due to the same cause and commonly
known as the “painter.” This phenomenon has been described by
Hutchinson (1878) thus:

* * * There is an interesting peculiarity here * * * called the
~ painter,’ the palpable evidences of which consist in a changed color of the
sea water (most generally to a muddy white), an odor most foetid, nauseous,
and depressing, with the accompaniment of the white paint on ships and boats,
inside as well as outside, becoming totally discolored and often partially
iblack.’ .*,.* *:. I am induced, to attribute this emanation chiefly to submarine
voleanie action, generating sulphuretted hydrogen gas. *.* * Although met
with at Callao, in its most aggravated form, the ‘ painter” is likewise found
along the coast as far as San Jose de Lambayeque, nearly 500 miles north.
From the end of December until April is the time when ‘the phenomenon
mostly exists.

I have before me an analysis of the sea water of Callao, bottled up during
the existence of the ‘“ painter” and having some mud from the bottom of the
bay contained therein. This was sent * * * to London, and was there
analyzed by Mr. T. Keates. Mr. Keates reports that, after being allowed to
rest, the water poured off proved to be sea water and that the black mud left,
after the water had been decanted, was in a state of active decomposition,
large quantities of sulphuretted hyrogen gas as well as sulphate [sic] of ammo-
nia being given off. The black color of the mud was found to be owing to the
presence of sulphate [sic] of iron which was formed as a result of the decom-
position mentioned. Whilst this latter was due to the sulphur of the organic
matter combining with the iron present in the mineral part of the mud, to
produce the black sulphide [sic] * * *.

1000 parts of the mud dried at 230° F. yields:
Wiater sn 0 we ea en ee os ee a ee 769. 6
Dry (Md ate ee ee eae es ene a et 250. 4

—

MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA, 15

100 parts of the mud dried yielding by analysis:

TRG) i ON a a eT ea ie ae ee 10. 50
Chloride of sodium, alkaline sulphates, ete____________________ 6. 43
SEU TERS)- Ow ei IC Sint te ea aa ae 2 ln es eS 3.75
Alumina or-[and @voxdevor iron [siefes2 {2% > a. = eee 16. 00
Silteeous thiatter sess See Ee ek Sekt ol od ee eae 63. 25
GOS Sp oid vers Volver eee: eRe fo) ol ee ee . O07

* * * Jn the course of a few days I observed the water of the bay under
four different aspects.

First. Ochre-brown, with somewhat of a reddish tinge, and opaque. This,
when examined under the microscope, showed animalcule of a spheroid or
circular form and of like color to the water. In 12 hours after it was—

Second. Of a dark green, and still thick aspect, in which, by the microscope,
was visible another class of animalcule of an hourglass form, round and broad
at each end, but contracted at the center. Although there was but one drop
of the water under the glass, a large number of these jumped about.

Third. The next morning, or in 14 to 16 hours afterwards, the water was a
muddyish white. This time the smell in the harbor was most pungently nause-
ating. It is considered the true ‘ painter” when white paint becomes black,
and headaches are general, with everybody under its influence. No animaleculie
were visible through the microscope in this state of affairs from the second to
the third condition. I may add that in the intervening period we had a shock
of earthquake at about 5 o’clock in the morning, and during the occurrence of
which it may be conjectured submarine volcanic action destroyed all animal life
of these insects seen two days previously.

Fourth. This is the ordinary water of Callao Bay. * * *

From Hutchinson’s description it would appear doubtful that this
was Peridinium. Darwin’s observations (1846) may help to clear
this up:

On the coast of Chile, a few leagues north of Concepcion, the Beagle one day
passed through great bands of muddy water exactly like that of a swollen
river ; and again, a degree south of Valparaiso, when 50 miles from land, the
same appearance was still more extensive. Some of the water placed in a glass
was of a pale reddish tint and, examined under a microscope, was seen to
swarm with minute animalcule darting about and often exploding. Their shape
is oval and contracted in the middle by a ring of vibrating curved ciliz. It was,
however, very difficult to examine them with care, for almost the instant motion
ceased, even while crossing the field of vision, their bodies burst. Sometimes
both ends would burst at once, sometimes only one, and a quantity of coarse,
brownish granular matter was ejected. The animal an instant before bursting |
expanded to half again its natural size, and the explosion took place about 15 |
seconds after the rapid progressive motion had ceased; in a few cases it was
preceded for a short interval by a rotatory movement on the longer axis. About
two minutes after any number were isolated in a drop of water they thus
perished.

This may explain the ephemeral nature of the animalcule, and
also, since they die in such vast numbers, it is not: difficult to con-
ceive the consequences of the decay of so much organic matter.

Carter (1858) shows that the various hues of sea water, as described,
are due, at least around the Island of Bombay, to one organism, Peri-
dinium sanguineum. In the swimming stage the organism is green

16 MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA.

and translucent; as the transition time approaches, the chlorophyll-
like substance responsible for the green color disappears, a red sub-
stance takes its place and dissolves in oil globules that have been
forming. At this stage it is red and visible to the naked eye. After
only a few days the individuals assemble, lose their red color,
become encapsulated (Protococcus form), and sink or float on the
surface. This stage is followed by a subdivision into two or four
new ones. This latter process may be repeated several times until
eventually a ciliated form appears again, completing the life cycle.
The latter form is covered by an excessively fragile shell which “is
broken by the pressure of the thinnest piece of glass.”

This description explains the varying color of the streaks, the
periodicity, and it may explain the bursting observed by Darwin,
if he used cover glasses in observing them.

Could this have been the cause of the trouble in Florida? No
evidence of the presence, in extraordinary numbers, of these organ-
isms was found. When the water was described as red, further
questioning brought out the fact that it was by transmitted hght
on the beach, and not by reflected light. Fishes observed while dying
were in clear water. Still, the condition as described may. have
existed before the writer arrived, and the dissolved decomposition
gases might have persisted in the water to an extent fatal to fishes
after the organisms responsible had perished. Or the organisms
might have become lost from view either by disintegration or by
passing into the protococcus form and sinking, as suggested by
Carter (1858). But such red water, to explain the conditions found,
would have to be distributed over an unprecedentedly large area to
persist for two months and yet escape detection by the many passing
ships, and it would be necessary to explain the widely fluctuating
periodicity, in some cases one year, in two other cases 24 and 25
years, respectively.

Gilchrist (1914) definitely ascribes certain instances of mortality
on the South African coast te Noctiluea and to diatoms. These
forms, decaying in large numbers in the water, make the latter an
unfit medium for fishes. Among the instances described by him as
due to cbscure causes, one is clearly due to Peridinium. .

DISEASE AND PARASITES.

3. Evidence of disease or parasitism is likewise lacking, as is shown
by the examination and dissection of specimens already described.
On the other hane, it would be difficult to believe, without the most
thoroughly convincing evidence, that so many species of animals
could be affected by an epidemic of any single disease, or that such

MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA. hz

a disease would confine itself to a limited locality for the larger
part of a century or perhaps a much longer period of unrecorded
observation.

DILUTION OF THE WATER.

4, Dilution of the water hardly deserves serious consideration, for
the phenomenon is not correlated with the rainy season or unusual
discharge of the rivers. As shown by the table, the salinity does not
indicate serious dilution of the water. Of course a dilution ade-
quate to explain the mortality of fishes would concern only an excess
of run-off above the normal. The area of ocean concerned, in com-
parison with the small rivers, at once negatives this hypothesis; and
if the water were sufficiently diluted, it may be assumed with good
reason that unconfined fishes would seek their proper salinity by
migration.

VOLCANIC AND NATURAL GASES.

5. It is now time to call particular attention to certain circumstances
of prime importance that have served largely to destroy the fore-
going suggested causes, and which can not be overlooked in arriving
at a conclusion. They are (a) the irregular periodicity, both as to
years and seasons; (0) the strictly marine aspect of the phenomenon;
(c) the large area covered; (d) the definite limitation of this local-
ity; (e) the limitation of the mortality to the animals, whose res-
piration is performed by an oxygen carrier, hemoglobin, hemocyanin,
etc.; (7) the progressive southward appearance of the mortality.

The irregular periodicity, the marine aspect, the area covered, and
particularly the limitation to the region concerned all, suggest a geo-
logical explanation, whether the issue of a gas or the occurrence of
an earthquake, fixed in one place, sporadic in outbreak, and inde-
pendent of weather fluctuations. The species affected and the south-
ward progress are not contradictory to such an explanation, as will
be seen.

Dr. T. W. Vaughan, of the United States Geological Survey, stated
verbally to the writer that he saw only the remotest possibility of
a volcanic gas in this region. The region is inactive volcanically,
and the discovery of a volcanic fumarole would occasion great sur-
prize to geologists. Beyond that we have nothing for or against
volcanoes. There is no question that voicanic gases would be deadly
to fishes. For, while volcanoes emit different gases in different stages
of their activity, the emissions always contain substances deadly to
fishes, if nothing worse than carbon dioxide It is scarcely necessary
to present data here as to the composition of such gases. Any chlo-

18 MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA,

rine, as hydrochloric acid or as ammonium chloride, or in any
soluble combination whatever, would certainly be detected by the
chlorine determination (salinity) ; sulphur gases and carbon dioxide
would alter the alkalinity of the water, though much would depend
on the freshness of the water when the determinations were made.
An unfortunate delay impaired the value of the samples collected;
it was therefore impossible to determine whether or not these gases
were present.

Similar remarks concerning natural gas issues may be made. Such
gases consist, of course, largely of the light paraffins, usually small
quantities of olefines and occasionally some carbon monoxide. Little
is known of the effects of these gases on fish. The injury to man
done by methane is done chiefly or entirely by the mere dilution of
the air by this gas. Ethylene and ethane probably act in a similar
manner. These gases are slightly soluble in water, ethylene to the
extent of 4 per cent volume. In water these gases could not act as
they do in air, for the solubility of a gas is quite independent of all
other gases and as much oxygen would be present in a saturated so-
Intion of any of them as in their total absence.

Of carbon monoxide more can be said. This gas acts as a poison
to animals, whose respiration is dependent on a blood pigment by
combining firmly with the pigment to the exclusion of oxygen; while
these animals situated in the presence of abundant oxygen and pre-
senting a wide area of “ semipermeable ” skin, and whose respiration
is performed by the agency of oxygen dissolved in the blood plasma,
are immune, since carbon monoxide does not interfere with the pas-
sage of oxygen into the body (Leitch, 1916). Carbon monoxide is
soluble to a sufficient extent thus té interfere with respiration. It is
therefore suggestive to note that all the animals killed, except sponges,
were dependent on a blood pigment (hemoglobin, hemocyanin, echi-
nochrom, etc.). Sponges are the only animals observed on the
beaches whose respiration is not dependent on one of these carriers
or pigments, but sponges are often seen, even in normal times on the
beaches. .

In February and March, 1894, the Albatross investigated and re-
ported on a case of widespread mortality of fishes off the coast of
California between Santa Barbara and San Diego. Evidences there
obtained indicated petroleum and hydrocarbon gases as the cause of
the disaster. Many species were killed, but those dead were chiefly
Aatfish and barracuda. The odor of petroleum was evident from the
dead fish. The body slime was colored yellow in patches, and the gall
bladder was ruptured. The oil springs said to exist olf the coast were
held responsible for the oil and gas issues,

MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA. 19
EARTHQUAKES.

6. Earthquakes kill fishes directly by concussion. Oldham (1899)
cites the case of the destruction of fishes in the Sumesari River in
India by the great earthquake of June 12, 1897, which killed “ myri-
ads as by the explosion of a dynamite cartridge.” Numerous other
instances are cited by various authors.

It is not evident in this case from the data at hand that earth-
quakes killed the fishes directly by concussion. The following extract
from a letter from the United States Weather Bureau bears on this
point:

Our records show that during 1916 there were no seismic disturbances of
any considerable severity in the Gulf region.

We have no precise earthquake records of that region for the earlier dates,
1844 * * * 1908, but probably no severe ones occurred, as this is not an
active seismic region.

Further than this, the long duration of the mortality, the south-
ward progress, and particularly the death of fishes under observation
in the partly inclosed shallow water, entirely dismisses the hypothesis
of direct injury by shock.

It seems possible, however, that the incidental effects of earth-
quakes might explain the death of the fishes. For instance, gases
are sometimes emitted along with the shock. The following quota-
tion from Darwin pertains to this aspect of the subject:

In Capt. Fitz Roy’s excellent account of the earthquake (Chile, 1833, Jan.
£0), it is said that two explosions, one like a column of sinoke and another like
the blowing of a great whale, were seen in the bay. The water also appeared
everywhere to be boiling; and it became black and exhaled a most disagreeable
sulphurous smell. These latter circumstances were observed in the Bay of
Valparaiso during the earthquake of 1822; they may, I think, be accounted
for by the disturbance of the mud at the bottom of the sea containing organic
matter in decay. In the Bay of Callao during 2 calm day I noticed that as
the ship dragged her cable over the bottom its course was marked by a line of
bubbles.

Prof. J. B. Woodworth, of the Harvard seismographic station, sets
forth, in a letter of some length, a possibility which has not been con-
sidered, and which seems worth investigating. The substance of his
letter is as follows:

Previous to the cases of 1908 and 1916 there are no satisfactory
records of seismic activity in the region concerned. It may be quite
possible, however, that unobserved shocks of low intensity could ex-
plain the mortality; that occluded gases, resulting from the decay of
sedimentary organic matter, are released by a disturbance of the sedi-
ment, under which circumstances the occluded gases would rise into
the water, dissolve, and interfere with the life processes of fishes.
Or, at the edge of the rather wide continental shelf in this region, a

20 MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA.

seismic disturbance of low intensity might cause accumulated sedi-
ments to slide off into abyssal water, similarly releasing occluded
gases and also mixing up the mud with the water. It is known that
microseisms (as Prof. Woodworth terms them) are radiated from
this locality, and it is believed by some that they are due to the West
Indian cyclonic storms.

This seems to be the most promising hypothesis. It might be ex-
pected that the water flowing into this region carries a large amount
of organic matter leached from the abundant Florida vegetation and
held in colloidal solution; that this organic matter, on striking sea
water heavily charged with lime is flocculated and falls to the bottom
on the uncommonly wide expanse of continental shelf in this region;
that as it accumulates on the bottom it decays anaerobically, yielding
methane, hydrogen sulphide, possibly carbon monoxide, and other
gases; that these gases, as generated, are confined by the pressure, in-
creasing sediment, and, perhaps by the limestone crust which appears
to cover the bottom; that an earthquake shock, even an unnoticeably
mild one, would so disturb the sediment, or break the crust, as to
release the occluded gases, and that these gases work, by various
physiological and chemical means, the injury to fishes. These organic
gases, being rare in sea water, would never be detected by the ordi-
nary analyses.

The work of Prof. J. P. McClendon at Tortugas, in the summer of
1916, suggests that the marginal supply of oxygen in this region is
not great. In a letter on the subject he says:

I think probably lack of oxygen killed the fish. When the Py of tropical sea
water reaches about 7.5 there is no oxygen left in the water. At Tortugas the
Pa was about 8.15 and there was about 4 cc. of oxygen per liter.

It would, of course, be necessary to explain any deficiency of
oxygen.

ALKALINITY AND SAL JITY OF THE WATER.

These two determinations were made as being most likely to reveal
any unusual condition of the water. The alkalinity is somewhat
higher than that of pure sea water. Dole found this to vary between
0.00237 N and 0.00257 N; McClendon found the alkalinity at Tor-
tugas in 1916 to lie between 0.0023 N and 0.0025 N, while the samples
taken in the region under discussion had an alkalinity varying from
0.00236 N to 0.00297 N. This may be explained by the large amount
of fresh water flowing into the salt water in this region, which is
generally rather strongly alkaline. The salinity is lower than that
of pure sea water; this is likewise explained by the fresh water
flowing in. .

_——

—~ ee

MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA, 21 |

It is noteworthy that the water in which the filefish was seen to die
was of the highest salinity and lowest alkalinity found. Otherwise,
there seem to be no factors showing any striking correlation.

The following are the results of such determinations as were made:

ALKALINITY AND SALINITY.

Fraction
Date. of normal) Salinity. Remarks.
alkali.
1916 F
00
Nov. 19..... 0. 00297 29.94 | In shallow water at Bailey’s wharf, Sanibel, where filefish died.
IND Vstldse. . . 00294 32. 81 panther pes ironies wharf; surface; day before storm; sealed in glass;
16.5° FF.
INGVIG 2: < . 00289 31.52 | Sanibel post-office wharf; surface; day after storm; 65° F.; very low tide.
Nov. 19.... . 00288 30.61 | Bailey’s wharf, Sanibel; 2 fathoms (bottom); 50 feet from point where
filefish died; live mangrove snappers.
Novil4ecs.: . 00282 33.93 | One-half mile from Point Ybel Light, San Carlos Pass; 75° F.
1b oe . 00277 34.20 | One and one-half miles from Point Ybel Light, San Carlos Pass; sample
from surface; water 2 fathoms; 72.4° F.
NOVO: 5. . 00277 32.96 | Place where mullet died, shallow water of Tarpon Bay; described by
fisherman; 1} hours before storm; 75.3° F.; live conchs; porpoises in
water.

Prior to . 00272 33.10 | Specimens submitted by West Coast Fish Co., Kitchins Island, Pine
Nov. 13. Island Sound.

Nov. 19..... . 00261 30.97 | Bottom (2 fathoms) off Point Ybel Light wharf, Sanibel, 13 miles from
point where filefish died; 65.4° F.

Nov. 15-....] .00260 32.43 | Near Gulf mouth, Blind Pass; rising tide; surface sample; 23 fathoms
water; 20 minutes before storm broke; 75.8° F.; probably pure Gulf
water.

Nov.19....} .00236 31.98 | Surf water on Gulf Beach.

Mean..... . 00276 31. 56

OTHER MORTALITIES DUE TO OBSCURE CAUSES.

Other mortalities have occurred in 4ifferent parts of the world, due
to obscure causes. Austin H. Clark (1903) observed a mortality of
fishes on the coast of Venezuela, which seems similar to that off the
Florida coast. Nordenskiéld (1882) noted dead Gadus polaris in the
Siberian Polar Sea, which he supposes to have been killed by an in-
sufficiency of oxygen, under the ice, where the fish were confined.
Cold has unquestionably brought about the death of fishes in many
parts of the world.¢

Gilchrist (1914) cites numerous mortalities on the South African
coast in addition to those already cited, ascribed to Peridinium,
Noctiluca, and diatoms, but altogether without satisfactory explana-
tion. One, however, deserves particular mention. In this case (which
repeats itself annually at Knysna) there was a narrow streak of
yellowish water extending along the coast for miles, of a temperature
about 10° F. lower than the blue ocean water farther out, which was
clearly marked off from the yellowish water. The author attempts to
explain this by the meeting off this coast of the Mozambique (warm)

aOn Feb. 2 and 3, 1917, a “ freeze”’ occurred on both coasts of Florida, killing thou-
sands of fishes. This cold wave is described by R. H. Fitch in a forthcoming paper of the
Weather Bureau.

99805°—19——_23

99 MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA.

and the Antarctic (cold) currents by which the cold water is forced
upward along the coast and is limited offshore by the warm current.
The periodic nature of the phenomenon is, however, not explained.
This mortality of fishes on the Florida coast may be of interest and
importance in many respects. It would hardly be an exag¢eration to
assert that the number of fishes that perished would be sufficient
to supply the State of Florida for a season Yet a few weeks after
normal conditions were restored we were informed that fishing on

the Florida coast was as good as ever.*. These facts give rise to the _

suggestion that, enormous as are the numbers of fishes in our coastal
waters, natural causes may be quite as destructive to them as are the
activities of man.

The question has arisen repeatedly as to the means by which the
strata, rich in fossils of fishes, were laid down. Instances hke this
and dozens of other in as many parts of the world readily answer the
question. Large numbers of decaying animals may also have a bear-
ing on the formation of other mineral beds—the phosphates, for
example, that might be produced from the organic phosphorus.

It is also true that, if this misfortune should occur again, valuable
information may be gained concerning the presence and number of
the various species of fishes, their winter habitat, distribution of sizes,
etc., from a study of the dead fishes themselves.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.

A mortality of fishes occurred on the coast of Florida from October
3 to the last of November, 1916, appearing progressively southward
from Boca Grande to Marco, and apparently killing representatives
of all local species of fishes, but very few other aquatic animals, in
the sounds inclosed by the keys and in the Gulf of Mexico for a dis-
tance of 45 miles or more, but not affecting fresh-water forms.
Meteorological conditions were normal. Post-mortems revealed noth-
ing pathological in the fishes. The salinity of the water was some-

what lower than that of normal sea water, and the alkalinity some-_

what higher.

The cause of the mortality in this region, as has been stated, has
not been determined. Foul water from the Everglades as a possible
cause may be dismissed, as well as all meteorological conditions.
Volcanic action is highly improbable, and attention need not be
turned to such a possibility from the evidence now at hand. Peri-
dinii appear to furnish an exceedingly unlikely explanation, but
it is, perhaps, proper to reserve judgment, as the evidences contrary
to such an explanation are not altogether convincing. A disease

through the winter season.

a Later reports (April, 1917) from the Grampus indicate that the fishing was poor

SS eee ee

Oe

MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA. 23

seems to be a quite impossible explanation. Some geological, perhaps
seismological explanation, such as Prof. Woodworth suggests, ap-
pears to be the most promising possibility.

Aside from the continued recurrence of the phenomenon in the
past, we have no data on which to base a prediction as to future
recurrences. In the event of a verification of the seismological-
sedimentary hypothesis, a recurrence may be expected sometime.
In such an event oceanographic methods should be resorted to at
the first indication of the trouble; in the meantime a collection of
bottom and water samples over the region is desirable, and, if pos-
sible, gas bubbles, if present, should be collected from the mud by
appropriate apparatus.

BIBILIOGRAPHY.
Carter, H. J. ;

1858. Note on the red coloring of the sea round the shores of the Island
of Bombay. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, vol. 1, 3d
ser., no. 4, art. xx11I, p. 258-262, April, 1858. Tondon.

CLARK, AUSTIN H.

1903. Notes on the habits of certain Venezuelan birds. The Auk, vol. xx,

no. 3, July, 1903, p. 285-286. Cambridge.
DARWIN, CHARLES.

1846. Researches into the natural history and geology: of the countries
visited during the voyage of H. M. 8S. Beagle round the world, under
the command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R. N., vol. 1, chap. 1, journal of
Mar. 18. 1882, p. 18-28. New York.

GitcHRisT, J. D. F.

1914. An inquiry into the fluctuations in fish supply on the South African
coast. Union of South Africa, Province of the Cape of Good Hope,
Marine Biological Report no. u, for the year ending June 30, 1914,
art. 0, p. 8-35. Cape Town.

HuTCHINSON, THOMAS J.

1873. Two years in Peru, with exploration of its antiquities, vol. 1, chap.

XI, p. 219-225. London.
INGERSOLL, ERNEST.

1882. On the fish mortality in the Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the
United States National Museum, vol. tv, for 1881, p. 74-80. Wash-
ington.

LEITcH, I.

1916. The function of hemoglobin in invertebrates, with special reference to
Planorbis and Chironomus larvee. Journal of Physiology, vol. L, no.
6, p. 870-879. London and Cambridge.

Meap, A. D.

1898. Peridinium and the “ red water ” in Narragansett Bay. Science, n. s.,
vol. vir, no. 203, p. 707-709. Nov. 18, 1898; Garrison. (Also noted
in Report, United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, 1899,
Pp. CXLIr.)

MiTsUKURI, K.

1904. The culture of marine and fresh-water animals in Japan. Bulletin of
the United States Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxiv, p. 384. Wash-
ington.

24 MORTALITY OF FISHES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA,

NISHIKAWA, T.
1901. Gonyaulax and the discolored water of the Bay of Agu. Annotationes
Zoologicae Japonenses, vol. v, pt. 1, p. 31. Tokyo.
NORDENSKIOLD, A, E.
1882. The voyage of the Vega round Asia and Europe, with a historical
review of previous journeys along the north coast of the Old World.
Translated by Alexander Leslie, p. 246-247. New York.
OLDHAM, R. D.
1899. Report on the great Indian earthquake of June 12, 1897. Memoirs of
the Geological Survey of India, vol. xx1x, p. 80. Calcutta.
SmMi1TH, HucH M.
1903. Peridinium. (Editorial article containing an extended quotation from
Dr. Smith.) Philippine Journal of Science, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 187.
Manila.
TANNER, Z. L.
1896. Report upon the operations of the United States Fish Commission
steamer Albatross for the year ending June 30, 1894. Report of
the Commissioner for the year ending June 30, 1894, p. 217-218.
Washington.

Brief notes have appeared in the publications of the Bureau of Fisheries 1u
previous years as follows: Rathbun, Richard (Fisheries and Fishery Industries,
see. Vv, vol. 11, p. 831). Newspaper clipping (Bulletin, vol. m, 1882, p. 104).
H. D. Pierce (letter, Bulletin, vol. Iv, 1884, p. 264). Smith, H. M. (Bulletin,
vol. xvu1, 1897, p. 234.) Moore, H. F. (Bulletin, vol. xxvit1, pt. 1, 1908, p. 434).
Report for 1886 (p. 68-72). 5

FISH ISINGLASS AND GLUE

By GEorGE F. WHITE

Appendix IV to the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1917

1

) Jane dupe aki a
Ringel Oe ih
| TD nk, eo. 1OMNe HEA

FISH ISINGLASS AND GLUE.

By GrorGE F, WHITE.

COLLAGEN AND GELATIN.

Collagen, the mother substance of gelatin, is an albuminoid which
occurs to a large extent in vertebrates and also in the flesh of cepha-
lopods. It is the chief constituent of the white fibrils of connective
tissue and is also found in bones, cartilages, igaments, fish scales, etc.
Collagens of different origins are not of identical composition; how-
ever, all show the characteristic albuminoid property of being in-
soluble in water and the ordinary protein solvents.

The most interesting and commercially important property of
collagen is its power to be converted into gelatin by heating with
water alone or in the presence of dilute acids. On the other hand,
if gelatin is heated to 130° C. it is transformed back into collagen,
so that there is a very intimate relation between the two substances.
For practical purposes we may consider gelatin to be collagen which
has been converted into a soluble form by combination with water.
(Other changes have been noted, such as the evolution of ammonia,
when collagen is treated with water.) The following table gives the
composition of collagen, gelatins from various sources, and of fish
glue, which is a crude form of gelatin:

.

COMPOSITION OF COLLAGEN AND GELATIN.

Hydro-

Carbon. | Nitrogen. gen.

Sulphur.| Oxygen.

Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent.
\ilibtaiie sap See 2 oe epee? BEM 98 ARES) oe 5 De 50. 75 17. 86 (Ne. 7 jab) MES RCo a@24.92
Gelatin from—

ROMIIMELCIAMSOUTCG ts a44- ce et 5-12 el ee nate ae Ss 49.38 17,97 6
EROILOOUS eee oo. 28 mene SEER 50. 5 6.
IPA Gee cg a ee ee ec eR é : 6.
Canulsearasseeenn 2a a anak Le RO ME P52 6
prachon: serene nes 22h. Ed SPE NS Rhye ot o2 et.
LOT a eases Ce Oa Oe ae a Oe ee Ee
Air bladder
Fish seales......

LIT Wel bees Sto Be SS ALS ee Ie ee re

a Includes sulphur; separate percentage not noted.

4 FISH ISINGLASS AND GLUE.

Collagens are to a certain extent differentiated by the ease with
which they are converted into gelatin. Thus the collagenous car-
tilage of the trachea is transformed at 100° C. into gelatin, whereas
ear cartilage requires a temperature of 110°; the collagen of air
bladders forms gelatin at room temperatures. In general, the for-
mation of gelatin takes place most readily with fishes and amphibia,
more slowly with birds, and very slowly with old animals. The
presence of salts, for example, of sodium chloride in a concentration
of 10 per cent retards the transformation.

Gelatin (French gélatine, Latin gelata, that which is congealed)
is a colorless, amorphous substance which is transparent when in
thin sheets. It does not dissolve in cold water, but swells in this
medium. If treated with warm water, it dissolves to a sticky liquid
which, if sufficiently concentrated, sets to a jelly on cooling. If
gelatin is boiled with water for several hours (or simply digested
with water for two days at a temperature of 37° C.), it is converted
into a nongelatinizing form; further boiling transforms it into pro-
teoses, peptones, and finally into acids, among which glycocoll is
present in’ a characteristically large amourit. This fact should be
borne in mind in a study of the commercial uses of gelatin, since
prolonged boiling, especially in the presence of acids, changes it
chemically and physically (the gelatinizing) and correspondingly
the adhesive power is destroyed.

As a food, gelatin has little nutritive value, and should not be
substituted for other proteins of the normal diet since not all of its
nitrogen is in a form which can be utilized by the organism.

Gelatin, obtained as described above, should not be confused with
the products derived from alge and seaweeds of different varieties,
especially those of the East Indies, China, and Japan. Thus the
gelatinizing substances obtained from bird’s nests, prized as a deli-
cacy by the Chinese, and Berigal isinglass, or agar, yield carbohy-
drates in large amount and have no relation chemically to true
gelatin.

FISH SOUNDS.

While the principal supply of gelatin is to-day obtained from the
refuse of animal bones, hides, and hoofs in the slaughter and pack-
ing houses, the peculiar properties of the gelatin derived from fish
sounds, called isinglass in the trade, makes this product of consid-
erable commercial importance.

The fish sound (air bladder, or swim bladder) is a hollow sac, con-
taining gas (oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen), situated in the
abdominal cavity below the vertebral column. Its principal func-
tion is probably mechanical. Since it is compressible, it serves to
regulate the specific gravity of the fish, enabling the latter to rise

Phe

FISH ISINGLASS AND GLUE. 5

and sink or to maintain its position at a certain water level. In a
few fishes it may take on the functions of the lung of higher verte-
brates and may be considered to be the homolog of that organ.

The size of the air bladder varies to a great extent, being very
small in some species, whereas in the sturgeon, hake, catfish, and
carp it is highly developed. In some fishes the sound is practically
loose in the abdominal cavity, while in others it clings closely to the
backbone, the intestines, and the abdominal wall. The sound is
made up of several tunics of which the inner layer is thin, often with
a silvery luster, containing crystalline substances, sometimes covered
with a pavement epithelium. The adjacent layer is thick and with
a fibrous structure; it is the collagen contained in this layer which
is the source of commercial isinglass.

Isinglass (probably a corruption of the Dutch huisenblas, German
hausenblase, literally sturgeon’s bladder) has for centuries been
manufactured and exported from Russia. Several varieties of the
sturgeon (Acipenser huso or beluga, A. ruthenus or sterlet, A. sturio
or common sturgeon, A. stel/latus or starred sturgeon), the catfish
(Silurus glanis), and the carp (Cyprinus carpio), flourishing in the
Volga and other rivers, in the Caspian and Black Seas, and in the
Arctic Ocean, yield the well-known Russian isinglass.

Russian isinglass is generally brought to the great fair at Nijni
Novgorod and from there finds its way, through the agency of Petro-
grad traders, to London and elsewhere. Other sources of supply
than Russia are Brazil, Venezuela, the East and West Indies, Penang,
Bombay, Manila, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the United States.
Russian isinglass is known in commerce as staple isinglass, and is
sold as long and short staple, according to size.

Leaf isinglass (Astrakhan leaf, Saliansky leaf, Samovy leaf,
etc.) is prepared by soaking the sounds in warm water, whereby dirt
and mucous membrane are removed. The sounds are then opened
and dried by exposing the inner membrane to the air; the dried
sounds may be further treated by pounding and rubbing until the
outer membrane is detached and separated from the purer, inner
layer. Book isinglass is prepared in a similar manner, but the
sounds are folded and covered with a damp cloth. Trimmings from
the leaf or book are pressed into cakes or tablets or rolled into rib-
bons and sold as lower-grade isinglass. The trimmings from the
sounds and other parts of the fish are often boiled in water until
the gelatin dissolves and the filtered solution is evaporated to dry-
ness. There is also cake isinglass, so called from its shape, although
sometimes it is made in a globular form.

Long staple and book isinglass are the best varieties, a 2 per cent
solution in hot water setting to a jelly when cold, and yielding only
0.05 per cent insoluble matter. Cake isinglass is dark colored and

6 FISH ISINGLASS AND GLUE.

of unpleasant odor. A low grade of Russian isinglass, also sold
under the above names, is manufactured from the peritoneum and
intestines of the fish. Russian isinglass is imported into the United
States in varying amounts from year to year.

Iceland produces an excellent grade of isinglass, which is obtained
from cod and ling sounds, only a little inferior to the Russian prod-
uct. Venezuela and Brazil export tongue sounds and lump and pipe
isinglass which are obtained from Siluride and other less definitely
characterized fish. Tongue sounds are oblong, tapering, and pointed
at one end, of firm consistency, but otherwise poorer than the Russian
product. From Penang and Bombay are exported tongue sounds
and also purse sounds, so-called from their shapes and their fringed
edges.

The value of the imports of sounds into the United States and
countries from whence imported, according to the census of 1908
(Fisheries of the United States, 1908, p. 292), are given in the fol-
lowing statement :

@Ganada:ith2 ete wlt as Soe $62,065) || -SriLishs Indiaye 2s eee $4, 113
United .Kanedom 222252 22,021 | All other countries. 2-====5 3, 863
ViCTIEZ UIC] A sey ee ee ge 13, 907 oe
Huropean! Russias 6, 706 otal, 22.0020 1138, 675

The production of fish sounds in this country has fallen off in the
last few years, and the demand being good the value of the imports
has increased. Norwegian cod sounds have been imported at differ-
ent times. ;

North American isinglass is derived from the sounds of hake,
cod, and squeteague, hake sounds being the principal source. A few
years ago over 100 tons of hake sounds were obtained annually on the
New England coast alone, but the production has fallen off consider-
ably in recent years. Large amounts are imported from Canada and
Newfoundland.

Hake sounds from fish caught in deep waters off the coast of Nova
Scotia are large and of good quality. One ton of these fish yields
300 to 500 sounds, weighing from 40 to 50 pounds. Hake sounds
from shallow waters are smaller and of a lower grade; 1 ton yields
about 600 sounds, weighing approximately, 30 pounds. Hake sounds
are easily detached from the backbone in dressing the fish on the
fishing vessels, and then they are salted in barrels. Before salting
they may be scraped and washed but these operations are usually
omitted without much injury to the character of the isinglass manu-
factured from them. When delivered on shore, the sounds are slit
open and thoroughly washed and the black outer membrane is
scraped off. They are then dried in the air with precautions to
prevent access to moisture, since they readily putrefy. The average
hake sound yields about 85 per cent gelatin.

f
F
.
r

FISH ISINGLASS AND GLUE. (f

Cod sounds are smaller than those of kake and of poorer quality.
One ton of fish yields 15 to 20 pounds of sounds. As they are more
firmly attached to the backbone than are hake sounds, they are cut
off with part of the backbone, scraped, washed, and salted. They
are then washed and dried on shore. Cod sounds yield only about
50 per cent gelatin, so that they are much less valuable than hake
sounds.

Sounds of the squeteague, which fish occurs along the Atlantic
seaboard, are at present only little utilized. One ton of fish yields
about 20 pounds of sounds, which are of as good quality as cod
sounds. Over 30 years ago about 15 tons of dried sounds of the
squeteague were sold annually, but the production since that time
has dwindled to a negligible amount.

The production and value of fish sounds in the United States as
reported in the census of 1908 (Fisheries of the United States, 1908,
p- 43) are presented in the following table:

| Pounds. | Value.

. |

IVES IY Cn mete eR rn is aN ee Seat eee OMT Js noe ER eo a | 23,000 $1, 000
LOGS et. So he aha Oe 2a TE ab 1 eas ere ae SGN fe eee een SNe pa ae ee 20, 000 900
SERU/a\ <4) phd boats Sl Noe Fea 8S OE cd ee a eo TO SU aeae oeecianas Sects scaces et 2, 800 100
IMASSReHUSELES| (INES) ape e motes ce cee meee wee sees tan eas a aee Ona tone eorose 73, 000 3, 100
(OTE RSG | SAEURES gene ata Se aa i eet es See ae Re arn alee ke Se 96, 000 4,100
A ete ery ates Re oS eer ys Sarath sehr os Se ech ie ed oa ta 93, 000 4,000
Baio oe Rare ly eee ep ies 2, 800 100

The sounds of many fresh and salt water fishes are at present un-
utilized.

TILEFISH-SOUND TEST.

The sound of the tilefish (Lopholatilus chameleonticeps) was
tested by the writer to determine the character of its principal con-
stituent and its possible utility. The sound was cut open and a
portion treated as follows: After thorough washing with water the
tissue was allowed to stand under a large excess of 0.1 per cent
sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature so that mucin, hemo-
globin decomposition products, etc., might be dissolved. The resi-
due was thoroughly washed with water and then subjected to the
action of an active trypsin solution containing 0.2 per cent sodium
hydroxide for 24 hours, the temperature being maintained at 37.5°
C. and in the presence of chloroform to prevent putrefaction. The
tissue was largely unaffected, and after washing with water was
treated successively with alcohol and ether to remove any lipoids.
The residue, after drying at 70° C., was creamy white, and thin
layers were transparent.

On continued boiling with water, much more quickly by the addi-
tion of a trace of acid, the treated tissue dissolved and the solution

8 FISH ISINGLASS AND GLUE.

set to a jelly on cooling. This fact, combined with its ability to with-
stand tryptic digestion, indicated the presence of collagen in the
original tissue, and further tests confirmed this conclusion.

The collagen was rapidly hydrolyzed by pepsin in hydrochloric
acid solution. It was found to be insoluble in dilute alkalies and
acids but swelled in the latter on standing.

An aqueous solution of the collagen (obtained by boiling with
water) was tested for gelatin as follows: The solution could not be
coagulated by boiling, by mineral acids, acetic acid, lead acetate, or
other metallic salts. It could be precipitated, however, by alcohol,
picric acid, tannic acid in the presence of sodium chloride, or by
potassium ferrocyanide in the presence of acetic acid. It gave a
blue-violet biuret test, but no Adamkiewicz or xanthoproteic reaction.
Millon’s test gave only a slight precipitate with little color. These
tests show the presence of gelatin and the absence of other protein
matter.

The presence of collagen (rough experiments showed that over
90 per cent of the nitrogenous matter of the swim bladder is col-
lagen), and the fact that it may be readily converted into gelatin
allow the sound of the tilefish to be put to the same use as the sounds
of the sturgeon, hake, and other fishes.

MANUFACTURE AND USES OF ISINGLASS.

Isinglass is manufactured by an exceedingly simple process. The
industry was initiated in the United States in 1821, at Rockport,
Mass., cleaned hake sounds being pressed into plates. Im 1834 the
procedure was somewhat improved, and the cleaned sounds, softened
to the desired consistency by soaking in water, were converted into
ribbon isinglass by being passed between solid rollers. The ribbons
were then dried. In 1848 the solid rollers were replaced by hollow
iron rollers, through which cold water could flow, and thus prevent
the ribbons from softening and sticking to the iron, as they are apt
to do, especially in warm weather. In 1873 a scraper was placed
against the rollers to remove all isinglass adhering to them. The
ribbons were made to the desired thickness by adjustment of the
space between the rollers.

The manufacture of isinglass is best carried on through the cooler
months on account of the softening and putrefying effect of a slight
rise in temperature. The sounds received, generally, have been pre-

viously cleaned, perhaps scraped, de-salted, and air-dried. They

are usually in a hard and tough condition, so they must be first im-

mersed in water for several hours. Four to six hours may be re- —

quired for the gelatin to absorb enough water to be sufficiently pliable
to handle. ‘The sounds may now be run into a cutting machine pro-
vided with a roller and a set of knives which chop the sounds into

a

U. S. B. F.—Doc. 852. PLATE I.

FIG. 1—DRYING HAKE SOUNDS FOR ISINGLASS MANUFACTURE,

FIG. 2—ROLLING HAKE SOUNDS FOR ISINGLASS.

U. S. B. F.—Doc. 852. PLATE II.

FIG. 2.—WOODEN SPOOL FOR ROLLING INTO COILS.

FISH ISINGLASS AND GLUE. 9

small pieces. This material is then further mixed and macerated
between a set of iron rollers, from which it passes to so-called sheet-
ing rollers. These are the hollow iron rollers, cooled by water and
provided with a scraper, as mentioned above. The gelatin is con-
verted into sheets one-eighth to one-fourth inch thick, 6 to 8 inches
wide, and of variable length. These sheets are finally passed
through ribbon rollers until the ribbons produced are one-sixty-
fourth of an inch thick; the width is the same as that of the sheets.
The ribbons are dried in a few hours by being suspended in mod-
erately warm, light rooms; they are then rolled on wooden spools
into coils weighing less than a pound each. About 20 per cent of
the weight of the original sounds is lost during their conversion into
isinglass. .

A product called transparent or refined isinglass is manufactured
by dissolving New England isinglass in hot water and spreading the
solution to dry on oiled cloth. Very thin, transparent sheets are
thus produced, and these yield an excellent grade of glue, but retain
a rather pronounced fishy odor.

When the best grades of isinglass are treated with hot water, they
swell uniformly, produce an opalescent jelly, and finally entirely
dissolve. Isinglass is insoluble in alcohol, but readily soluble in
most dilute acids and alkalies. When ignited, isinglass should yield
no more than 0.9 per cent ash, whereas poorer grades of fish glue,
or gelatin, yield from 1.5 to 4 per cent ash.

Isinglass has been adulterated by rolling a layer of gelatin between
two layers of isinglass. Such adulteration may be detected by
treating with water and observing the nature of the colloidal solu-
tion under the microscope. Isinglass retains its characteristic fibrous
structure which is not present in a gelatin solution; the gelatin be-
comes more transparent than before, the shreds being disintegrated.
Both of these effects would be observed in the adulterated article.

The results of the analyses of some different forms of isinglass
are presented in the following table :*

Residue Residue

Source of isinglass. Ash. Water. Pe Bede Source of isinglass. Ash. Water. nes quite
water. water.

Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. Per cent.| Per cent. | Per cent.

Astrakhan......... i 16. 2°8.\) Hamburg. = 22 sons i 19. ace
Bayi 18.0 ot 213 19.0 5: 2

- 20 17.0 10: || Leeland) 2s g2 a5 ase . 60 17.0 21.6

80 19.0 3.0 || East India. .......-. whe 18.0 8.6

50 19.0 4 || Yellow, unknown
40 17.0 1.3 source. .022Se4 2 2.30 17.0 15.6

It may be readily observed that the Russian isinglass (Astrakhan )
is by far the best of those samples analyzed.

¢ Prollius, I. F.: Abs. Journal of the Chemical Society, p. 647. 1884. London.

10 FISH ISINGLASS AND GLUE.

The use of isinglass for edible purposes has become practically
obsolete since the manufacture of gelatin on a large scale has become
a function of the slaughter and packing houses. It was formerly
utilized to stiffen jellies and jams and in the manufacture of con-
fectionery, but has no peculiar medicinal properties. Some fish
sounds have been esteemed as an article of food; thus it is said that
fried cod sounds have a flavor resembling that of oysters similarly
cooked.

Isinglass has long been used as a clarifying agent for beverages
such as cider, wines, and malt liquors. The peculiar clarifying
action is purely mechanical, those substances causing turbidity be-
coming entangled in the slowly sinking network of gelatinous mate-
rial. This property is not possessed to the same degree by gelatin
prepared from animal bones, hoofs, or hides, and such gelatin is far
less efficient as a clarifier. English brewers of malt liquors prefer
the Penang product, while Scottish brewers employ Russian leaf
isinglass. English cider manufacturers generally use Russian long
staple. American brewers formerly considered Russian isinglass as
superior to other kinds, but later adopted the use of the ribbon
isinglass made from hake sounds in this country.

White wines are usually clarified by isinglass. The isinglass is
ullowed to swell in water and then in wine until it is practically
transparent. It is thoroughly beaten with more wine, a little tartaric

acid being eventually added; after filtering through linen it is stirred |

into the wine. One ounce of isinglass will usually clarify 200 to 500
gallons of wine in 8 to 10 days.

In the storage of beer after the primary fermentation all sus-
pended particles do not settle in the stock tanks. This is true of
starch granules, bacteria, some of the protein matter, etc. From
storage the beer is run into chip casks where it is carbonated by
charging with carbon dioxide directly or by the addition of young
beer, and at the same time clarified or fined. This latter process is
carried out by the addition of chips or of isinglass, or by filtration.
When isinglass is employed, it is treated with sour beer, acetic, or
other weak acid whereby it is not actually dissolved, but is “cut”
by the acid. Finings thus prepared have an excellent clarifying
action. One pound of isinglass will fine 100 to 500 barrels of beer.

Isinglass is the basis of some of the best adhesives. Although
formerly used for postage stamps, envelopes, and gummed paper, the
dextrins prepared from starch have largely taken its place. Mixed
with two parts of alcohol a “diamond” cement is obtained, the
cooled solution forming a white, opaque, hard solid. Dissolved in
acetic acid another powerful cement is obtained, especially useful in
repairing glass, pottery, and similar articles. Various modifications

————

FISH ISINGLASS AND GLUE. gb |

of these cements are prepared, particularly by the addition of some
adhesive gum which will render the cement insoluble in water. Fol-
lowing is the formula for one of these: 10 grams isinglass, 5 grams
gum ammoniac, 5 grams mastic, 80 grams alcohol. The isinglass and
gums are dissolved separately in the alcohol and then heated together
over boiling water. The excellent properties of isinglass as a glue
may be illustrated by the fact that leather belts for machinery are
repaired by the use of this agent. (In the trade it is often called
Russian fish glue.)

Court plaster is made with isinglass as the adhesive. The pro-
portions used are 10 grams isinglass, 40 grams alcohol, 1 gram
glycerin, and water and tincture of benzoin in sufficient amount.
The isinglass is dissolved in enough water to make the total weigh
120 grams. One-half of this solution is spread in successive layers,
with the aid of a brush, on taffeta stretched on frames; each layer
is allowed to dry before the next is applied. The second half of the
isinglass solution is mixed with the alcohol and glycerin, and is
applied to the cloth in a similar manner. The reverse side of the
taffeta is covered with a layer of tincture of benzoin and allowed to
dry. The above quantities are sufficient to cover a piece of taffeta
38 centimeters square.

Mixed with a gum, isinglass has been used as a size for textile
goods, imparting a luster and stiffness to linens and silks. Com-
bined with water, Spanish liquorice, and finely divided carbon, in-
dia ink may be made. A patent for waterproofing fabrics has been
obtained by Van Winkle and Todd (English patent 20690, 1890),
who recommend a combination of isinglass and pyroxylin dissolved
in acetic acid; experience has shown that a bichromate must be
added to the mixture or the isinglass rendered insoluble by formalde-
hyde for the mixture to be successfully used. Isinglass has in past
years been used to adulterate milk, the addition of a small amount
adding considerably to the body.

The manufacture of isinglass in this country is rather inconsider-
able as compared with the supply of fish sounds. According to the
census of 1908 (“Fisheries of the United States in 1908,” p. 282),
the value of the annual production of isinglass in this country was
reported to be $150,000, all of this coming from Massachusetts.

FISH GLUE.

Glue is gelatin contaminated usually with various decomposition
products such as gelatoses, peptones, and organic acids. The purer
the gelatin the better glue it yields, so that a good glue should be as
free as possible from other proteins, from hydrolytic splitting prod-

12 FISH ISINGLASS AND GLUE.

ucts, and from ash. Fish glue is usually made up into liquid glue,
for which there is a reasonably large demand. The manufacture
of mucilage and pastes of various sorts from the dextrins obtained
from starch has largely limited the demand for fish glue so that
enterprises based solely on this product have not been very profitable.

The manufacture of fish glue in this country has been confined
practically to three States, Massachusetts, Maine, and California, 95
per cent of the value of the product being credited to Massachusetts.
For 1908 the value of the entire output in the United States was
$631,000; the value of the New England output was $611,000 and of
the Pacific coast output $20,000.

In New England fish glue is made from cod heads, skins and bones,
haddock residues, and all fish offal containing little or no oil, as this
constituent is fatal to the production of a good glue. The refuse
from salting factories forms-a very large part of the source of supply,
as salt codfish is prepared in considerable quantities in this region.
The refuse from sturgeon and the skins and scales of menhaden and
herring have been used. Green and Tower? have shown that 1 ton
of menhaden yields 20 pounds of dry scales from which 103 pounds
of pure gelatin (containing 16 per cent moisture) may be obtained.
In this connection it may be noted that the adhesive qualities of the
“ stick” obtained by the present methods of concentrating the waste
liquors of the menhaden industry are due to the large percentage of
gelatin present; this material as now manufactured has use only in
the fertilizer industry, as it contains too much salt, oil, and foreign
protein: substance to be serviceable for glue. Many other fish residues
are now unutilized; such is the case of the mullet of the southern
waters, which yields an excellent quality of glue.

In the last few years whale blubber has been utilized for the pro-
duction of glue. According to the German patent ‘131315, the blub-
ber is chopped up, freed from most of the fat by pressing in the cold,
and the remainder of the fatty matter is extracted by some solvent,
as benzene. By this method all the fat is recovered and a fat-free
dry residue consisting of tissue containing the gelatin is obtained,
and this may be readily converted into glue.

Attempts to produce glue from the grayfish (Squalus acanthias)
have not been successful on account of the large amount of oil and
water in the fish, the difficulties attended with the extraction of the
oil, and the presence of dark pigments in the skin which discolor the
extracts. It is also probable that the skeleton contains only a small
amount (if any) of collagen or glue-forming substance. The flesh
of the smooth grayfish (Mustelus canis) contains gelatin- foun
material and presents possibilities as a source of glue.

au. 8S. Fish. Com. Bull., 1901, p. 97-102.

FISH ISINGLASS AND GLUE. i les

MANUFACTURE AND USES OF FISH GLUE.

In the manufacture of fish glue the fish wastes are first washed
thoroughly with cold water to remove dirt and blood from the fresh
fish and salt from the salted fish. The washed material is allowed to
drain, the washings being discarded, and then is subjected to the
action of hot water or steam.

In the older methods of preparing glue the crude material was
treated with water and the mixture boiled in open glue kettles for
several hours until the collagen had all been converted into gelatin
which dissolved in hot water. This method yields a fairly good
glue if the raw materials are clean and fresh, but because of the
lengthy time required for complete extraction the liquor obtained is
usually dark colored and contains in solution many other protein
substances than gelatin. Glue thus prepared is often a poor adhesive
and is malodorous.

Newer methods of fish-glue manufacture involve heating the stock
with steam under pressure in an autoclave so that the extraction pro-
ceeds rapidly and there is less time for decomposition of the fish
protein to occur. In some plants the stock is placed in tall iron cyl-
inders, steam-jacketed, and heated for several hours until the whole
mass is thoroughly digested. By a better method, the stock is placed
within the inner, perforated section of a double boiler. Steam enters
the inner vessel from the outer, and the whole is heated under pres-
sure. The glue liquor filters out of the inner vessel and may be
drawn off from the outer jacket continuously. Sometimes an alter-
nate action of steam and cold water on the stock is brought into play,
and this process repeated until the extract is too dilute to be profit-
ably worked up into glue.

The digested fish wastes may be filter pressed and the residue
dried. The resulting product, containing 45 to 55 per cent protein
matter, and 1 to 2 per cent oil, is a valuable by-product; in fact, on
account of the demand for it, the scrap can be considered to be the
main product of the industry and the glue to be of only secondary
importance. At any rate, the manufacture of glue alone would not
pay. The better grades of scrap are used for poultry food under the
name “chum,” while second grades are sold for fertilizer, for which
there is always a good market.

The solutions running from the autoclaves or the filtrate from the
filter presses are run into vacuum condensers, since the excess moist-
ure in the glue liquor must be distilled off at as low a temperature
as possible in order to prevent unnecessary decomposition of the
dissolved gelatin. In general, vacuum evaporators consist of a
spherical or cylindrical iron vessel, steam-jacketed and provided in-
ternally with steam coils immersed in the glue liquor. Sometimes,

99805°—19——24 :

14 FISH ISINGLASS AND GLUE.
in modern plants, a type of evaporator used has revolving steam
coils; the solutions are thereby uniformly heated and undue frothing
from local superheating is prevented. The distilling head is pro-
vided with baffle plates and is connected with a vacuum pump and
condenser. To conserve fuel, the steam from one evaporator is led
through the coils and jacket of the next in a series, on the principle
of multiple effect. After concentration to the desired consistency
(fish glue contains usually about one-half its weight of water) the
product (fish glue) is run while still hot through cloth filters into
a receiving tank.

Since fish glue generally does not yield a very good jelly when
cooled, on account of the presence of impurities, it is employed as
liquid glue. To prevent the glue from gelatinizing at room tempera-
tures an acid such as hydrochloric or acetic acid is added, and the
adhesiveness of the material is little affected. Since it is not required
that this liquid glue be heated or be applied to hot surfaces, there has
been a reasonably large demand for it. It has been largely used as
a size for straw goods, especially where it has been treated with sul-
phurous acid, since this latter agent bleaches the straw; it is also
employed as a size for textiles. Good grades of fish glue are used for
court-plaster, but isinglass is a better adhesive for this purpose. The
greatest demand for fish glue comes from the general demand for a
liquid adhesive.

Davidowsky* describes the manufacture of fish glue as follows:

The principal point to be observed in the manufacture of fish glue is the

removal of the skin, which is effected by means of dilute sulphuric acid. After .

the removal of the last traces of acid, the fatty matter of the fishes is saponified
by treatment of milk of lime frequently renewed. After washing out the lime,
the pulpy mass is placed in a solution of sodium hyposulphite, alum, and sodium
chloride, and left for a few days. The liquor is drawn off and replaced by a
mixture of solutions of alum, dilute sulphuric acid, and nitric acid. After
macerating in this mixture for a few days, the mass is thoroughly washed and
boiled to a glue, and the resulting product is clarified with sulphurous acid or
alum.

As will be seen, the entire process requires many chemicals, and besides, the
yield of glue, which has no especially good qualities, is small. It is used as
a substitute for isinglass for clarifying.

That the manufacture of fish glue alone is not very profitable may
be seen from the fact that glue manufacturers do not rely on this one
product as a source of profit. Thus, one Massachusetts company sells
large quantities of fertilizer and also cod-liver oil. Another offers to

the trade glue, ink, lubricating oil, paste, mucilage, and other
products.

@Davidowsky, F., 1905: ‘Glue, gelatin, animal charcoal, phosphorus, cements, pastes,
and mucilage.” ‘Translated from the German by W. T. Brannt. Philadelphia.

Pape:

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FISH ISINGLASS AND GLUE. 15

Lambert discusses fish glue and describes its manufacture as
follows:

The fish offal is carried by conveyors to a series of washing tanks placed
overhead, and thoroughly washed with water to remove the blood, ete. From
thence it falls by gravitation into the digesters, and is heated with “live”
steam for 10 hours. The oil and gelatinous water are drawn off by a pipe fixed
to the bottom of each digester, into tanks, the oil skimmed from the surface,
and the glue liquors clarified with a small portion of alum. On filtering they
are concentrated in open vats provided with a steam coil, to a strength of 82
per cent dry glue, and then bleached with sulphurous acid. ‘The residue in the
digester is converted into guano.

Fish glue is a light brown viscous liquid with offensive odor and acrid taste.
It forms a sticky mucilage when diluted with water, and as met with in corn-
merce, already contains about one-half its weight of water and such liquid is
weight for weight, only about equal to a dextrine in viscosity.

The ash‘ of fish glue is comparatively high, about 4 per cent on body dried
at 100° C. It is usually white in color, and has besides carbonates of calcium
and potassium, some 5 to 10 per cent phosphate of calcium. Fish glue is said
to assume a greenish-yellow color on boiling with potash and absorbs about 9
per cent of the caustic. Liquid gums of this class are easily distinguished by
boiling with Fehling’s solution, when they assume a violet color, and by the
tannic-acid reaction. The best method to remove the unpleasant odor and
taste of fish glue is to boil the solution in a little water with 1 per cent phos-
phate of sodium and to add 0.25 per cent of saccharine.

The offensive odor of fish glue may also be disguised by the addi-
tion of creosote, oil of sassafras or wintergreen, or other substance
with a strong odor.

There have been several methods proposed for the testing of glue,
none of which are perfectly satisfactory. Among the more common
tests are those of the viscosity and consistency of the jelly formed.
The adhesive power of the glue, however, does not depend on the
character of the jelly entirely. Glue is sold with regard to its
physical properties, especially its color; all fatty matter should be
absent.

«Lambert, T., 1905: ‘“ Glue, gelatin, and their allied products.” London.

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1

THE PIKES: THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION,
HABITS, CULTURE, AND COMMERC:AL
IMPORTANCE

By WILLIAM CoNVERSE KENDALL
Scientific Assistant, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries

e Appendix V to the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1917

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CONTENTS.

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THE PIKES: THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, HABITS, CUL-
TURE, AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.

By Wiiu1am ConvEerRsE KENDALL, Scientific Asststant, Bureau of Fisheries.

INTRODUCTION.

Accurate and authentic accounts of the species of American pikes
are scarce in ichthyological literature. Most accounts consist of tra-
ditions and unsupported statements interspersed with hypothetical
generalities. This is partly, at least, due to the fact that in this
country most students of fishes have been systematists who have had
little opportunity to observe the habits of fishes, and the greater part
of such information has been in the nature of more or less detached
contributions and not always specifically reliable. The disjointed
character and sparsity of authentic information regarding the mem-
bers of the pike family provides one motive for the preparation of this
paper. It does not pretend to add much new knowledge, but it affords
an easy means of identification of the species and presents the sup-
posedly well-authenticated facts, so those who have opportunities to
make observations on the habits of one or more of the species may be
encouraged to do so. It may lead others to verify or disprove the
alleged facts and to increase our knowledge of these fishes, the value
of which, now that they are becoming scarcer, is receiving recog-
nition.

Except locally or restrictively, the pikes have been more or less
regarded with aversion, especially by those who angle for the ‘‘nobler
fishes,’ and they have acquired a reputation for voracity and de-
structiveness that has always been likened to those qualities in the
shark. ¥Fresh-water shark or, in the words of the poet, “tyrant of
the watery plain” have always been common terms of opprobium
applied to the common large species of the family. However, it is
gradually dawning upon many who have previously condemned one
or the other or all of the pikes that these fishes have had their special
place in natural economy and that in their natural interrelations
they have been no worse than other predacious fishes in theirs. It
is also beginning to be recognized that there are still proper places
for them in both natural and human economy.

There is no doubt but that they all possess good qualities, but the
different species differ in that respect, at least in popular opinion.

5

6 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE,

Of what the peculiar virtues of each consist depends much upon the
view point, as did the alleged bad qualities. or example, there have
been waters in which some pike and other fishes have lived in recip-
rocal counterpoise from time immemorial, notwithstanding the con-
demned “characteristic voracity of the pike.” Supposing that at
some particular time the pike had been rendered less voracious, the
tendency then would have been toward an undue increase of the
natural objects of that voracity, which had probably been relatively
as voracious on their own part in devouring the eggs and young of
the pike. The increase of these forms might have resulted in the
extermination of the pike, which would naturally have been reflected
upon the other forms by depriving them of a part of their customary
and requisite food supply, consisting of the eggs and young of the
pike, and so have resulted in the decrease, deterioration, or extinction
of those forms upon which the pike had exercised that quality which
had been generally regarded as superlatively bad. The foregoing
illustration is only a partial statement of the disturbances possible
through extraneous or unusual agencies.

It is, however, a phenomenon that is usually manifested as a result
of overfishing, which amounts to the same thing as depriving the pike
of its voracity, and similar to what often happens when black bass
are introduced into pickerel ponds, of which there are many instances,
but the cause of which has not been fully recognized. For instance,
it has been recognized that black bass have practically exterminated
pickerel in certain waters, but why the black bass afterwards deteri-
orated in size and number did not seem explainable. These facts
may be equally applied to other fields and fishes as respects their
artificial distribution, and particularly to the members of the pike
family itself, for it should be borne in mind that the reverse process
of the foregoing is just as effective. If the pike should be rendered
more voracious or, what amounts to the same thing, unduly increased
in number, it would signify that sooner or later the food supply
would be depleted, with the result that the pike would be forced to
depend more and more upon its own young and would finally fig-
uratively swallow itself.

The problem in the culture of the pikes, as well as in fish culture
in general, is, or should be, how by artificial propagation to maintain
anatural balance. Therefore, the common practice of placing several
kinds of predacious fishes in one body of water should be abandoned.
Attention should be paid to not over two species intended for culti-
vation and the food supply for them. Preferably, the fishes should
be those natural to the waters to be stocked or, if not the natural
forms, those nearest like them. In other words, species to which the
waters are suited should be used, and when two species are intro-
duced they should be of different habits, particularly the fishes that

ee le ie me)

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 7

are least likely to prey upon each other and which do not subsist
upon exactly the same kind of food.¢ Again, applying the fore-
going to the members of the pike family, while many of the old bal-
ances of interrelations have been upset or seriously disturbed, if due
caution is exercised they may be restored or new counterpoises
established.

In the following pages citations to literature are by names of
author and date of publication in parentheses, indicating the pub-
lication referred to in the appended bibliographical list.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PIKES.

The muskellunge, pike, and pickerels are all pikes in a generic
sense. There are other fishes belonging to entirely different families
and, therefore, structurally different and distinct from the true pikes,
which, unfortunately, have the local names of pike and pickerel.
The most common species thus designated belong to the perch family.
The spinous dorsal fin possessed by these fishes readily distinguishes
them from the true pikes. They are more properly designated as
pike perch, wall-eyed pike, sauger, etc. The ‘‘pike” part of these
names, however, signifies only a resemblance, yet in certain locali-
ties the pike perch is called ‘‘pike”’ and in others ‘‘pickerel.’’ This
is altogether unfortunate, as it has caused regrettable confusion.
particularly in compiling statistics of the fisheries.

The true pikes are characterized by having a rather long, broad,
flattish snout; a large mouth extending about halfway the length of
the head; the lower jaw the longer; and both jaws. provided with
broad bands of teeth, which are coarse and rough like wool cards
and more or less movable. The dorsal and anal fins are situated
near the tail and are similar and opposite. The ventral fins are
abdominal.

The preceding characters serve to distinguish the pikes from the
pike perches, and the following will distmguish them from all
other fishes having abdominal ventral fins: Body with ordinary
scales; back without adipose fin but with a single dorsal fin made up
of soft rays and not preceded by free spines; anal fin without dis-
tinct spines; tail forked; pectoral fin situated below the median
line of the body from tip of snout to base of tail; head more or less
scaly; gill membranes not attached to the prolongation of the body
forward between the gill openings; no barbels; maxillaries distinct ;
upper jaw not protractile, that is, its forward end is firmly joined to
the snout; both jaws provided with sharp teeth, varying in size and
arranged in broad bands; snout somewhat prolonged and depressed.

aJardine (1898) states that in artificial carp ponds in Germany it is the custom to keep a few pike, the
carp culturist knowing just how many to introduce. A few act beneficially in destroying the smaller and

weaker individuals of the carp stock, which would not attain a growth in three years commensurate to
their consumption of food.

8 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.

The pike family includes one genus only— Esoz, the pikes—inhabit-
ants of the fresh waters of the temperate parts of Europe, Asia, and
America. The pike proper, Hsox lucius, inhabits all three continents
and is the only representative of the family in other than the North
American continent. In North America there are now recognized
five species, including the pike. These are the pike (Hsox lucius),
the muskellunge (Hsoz masquinongy), the eastern pickerel (Hsox
reticulatus), the banded pickerel
(Esoz americanus), and the little
pickerel (sox vermiculatus).

The species vary in appearance
among themselves according to
locality, age, size, and sex, but it
is only in muskellunge that sub-
species have been designated,
and these have been pronounced
distinct species by some ichthy-
ological authorities (Jordan and
Evermann, 1902).¢

Owing to confusion of local
names, mistaken identifications,
and the scant knowledge of the
fishes of some regions, it has not
been easy to decide positively
regarding the exact geographical
distribution of the muskellunge
and pike in America, but the
ranges of the other species have
been fairly well made out.

The followmg key should en-
able anyone to distinguish any
member of the pike family. In
this key, however, and in the subsequent text the usual order of
arrangement has not been followed, but the most important species
are first considered.

The genus is divisible into three groups according to the squamation
of the sides of the head, which easily separates the muskellunge, pike,
and pickerels.

FIG. 1.—SQUAMATION OF HEAD OF PIKES.

a, Pickerel; b, pike; c, muskellunge.

a Pike and pickerel, particularly the latter, have had their original geographical range more or less
extended by man with both good intentions and alleged malice aforethought. Also, places in which
the fish was supposed not to occur have, at one time or another, been discovered to contain them.

Jardine wrote that it had often puzzled naturalists to explain how newly made lakes or streams known to
have never contained pike should suddenly have been found to be stocked with them. He added that
some naturalists, including the late Frank Buckland, considered that waterfowl, such as ducks, coots,
moorhens, or dabchicks, after feeding among aquatic weeds where vivified spawn had been deposited, on
taking flight to other waters, conveyed some of the spawn, which is glutinous, sticking among their feath-
ers or to their feet.

ee

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE, 9

KEY TO THE PIKES.

a. No scales on lower half of gill cover (operculum).
b. Cheek, as well as lower half of gill cover, without scales........-.-.-Muskellunge.
bd. Cheeks entirely scaled, lower half of gill cover without scales............-.Pike.
aa. Gill cover and cheeks both entirely scaled.
c. Branchiostegals * normally 14 to 16; dorsal rays 14; anal 13....Eastern pickerel.
cc. Branchiostegals normally 12 (11-13); dorsal rays 11 or 12; anal 11 or 12......--
ee aa ene Seca oa. aoe «eae Banded pickerel, little pickerel.?

MUSKELLUNGE (sox masquinongy).

The muskellunge comprises three more or less distinct color forms
which have been variously regarded as subspecies or distinct species.°
These are the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence fish, with irregular
blackish spots on a ground color or grayish silver (Hsoxz masquinongy) ;
the Ohio drainage fish, including some Pennsylvania and New York
lakes, with dark crossbars which split up into diffuse spots (Esox
ohvensis); and the fish of the Wisconsin and Minnesota lakes and

FIG. 2.—MUSKELLUNGE (Esoz masquinongy).

rivers, with body unspotted or with vague dark cross shades (sox
aimmaculatus).

The spelling of the name muskellunge has been the subject of
numerous modifications by various authors, with more or less ety-
mological authority. Curiously enough the Cree Indian name sounds
much like the French appellation (Henshall, 1892), but inasmuch as
the orthographical representation of Indian sounds is somewhat a
matter of individual interpretation, and as many North American
French words have become greatly modified, if not wholly Angli-
cized, the spelling ‘‘muskellunge”’ is adopted here, as it is a phonetic
representation of the common pronunciation whether by Cree or

a The branchiostegals are the riblike rays under the lower edge of the gill cover.

b Inasmuch as the distinguishing differences of these two species are very slight and the geographical
distribution quite distinct, the easiest method of identifying them is by locality (see discussion of each).
However, the following characters have been given in keys:

A. Head 3 in length of body, snout 24 in length of head, eye 5....................----- americanus.
AA. Head 3} in length of body, snout 22 in length of head, eye 6...................--- vermiculatus.

At least one student who has examined many specimens of each of these species maintains his belief that
they are not distinct species, and are merely subject to,local or geographical variations.

e¢ “The muskellunge of Chautauqua Lake and the Ohio Basin differs greatly in appearance from that
of the Great Lakes. As the two forms are not known to intergrade and as their habits are entirely distinct,
they are best regarded as distinct species.’’ (Jordan and Evermann, 1902.)

10 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.

Frenchman. In fact, the Cree name may have been an Indianized
form derived from French sources or vice versa.

The most generally known form of the spotted muskellunge is
native to all the Great Lakes, the upper St. Lawrence River, Lake
Champlain, certain streams and lakes tributary to the Great Lakes,
and a few lakes in the upper Mississippi Valley, also in Canada north
of the Great Lakes. It does not seem to be at all abundant any-
where, as the number taken each year in any one of the lakes is small.
It is, perhaps, most common in Lakes Michigan and Erie and among
the Thousand Islands (Jordan and Evermann, 1896).

The barred muskellunge is best known from Chautauqua Lake, |

though specimens have been reported from a few places in the
Ohio drainage—for instance, in Lakes Conneaut and La Boeuf,
Pa.; the Mahoning River, and the Ohio, at E-vansville— and a young
individual 8 inches long was found in 1899 or 1900 by W. P. Hay
in Decker Creek, above Morgantown, W. Va. (Bean, 1902a).

The spotless form is found in a number of small lakes in northern
Wisconsin and Minnesota. The following waters in northern Wis-
consin are stated to be inhabited by this pike: Pelican Lake, Toma-
hawk and adjoining lakes, Arbor Vite, St. Germain Lakes, Trout
Lake, the Eagle waters—i. e., a chain of lakes through which Eagle
River flows—Three Lakes and others connected therewith, Bucka-
tarbon Lake, Lac Vieux Desert, Big and Little Twin Lakes, Long
Lake, Sand Lake, and various others, many of which have not been
explored or named (Mosher, 1892, and Nevins, 1901).

SIZE.

The muskellunge has been stated to be the largest species of the
pike family, but, if traditions and reports are true, in Europe the
pike has attained a larger size than has ever been recorded for the
muskellunge, and there are numerous records of pike in this country
of fully as large size as the majority of large muskellunge. The
average weight of the muskellunge and the usual range of the large
pike perhaps are not much different except in some localities where
the fish have become scarce and run large. In fact in the past there
have arisen many disputes and discussions regarding fish which some
anglers chose to call muskellunge and which others decided were
pike. Sometimes the question was referred to the Sportsman’s
Journal and occasionally to the United States Fish Commission.
Usually, however, the description of the fish was inadequate to per-
mit of a positive identification.

The muskellunge has been said to reach a weight of 100 pounds
or more (Jordan and Evermann, 1896), but the maximum weight

is probably not often above 80 pounds and the average not over |

25 or 30 pounds,

——————

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 11]

Bean (1902) stated that the muskellunge in Chautauqua Lake had
been known to reach a weight of 50 pounds, and in the spring
of 1895, when eggs were being collected for the Bemus Point
hatchery, it was not unusual to take individuals weighing from 40
to 50 pounds and many weighing from 20 to 30 pounds.

At the Minocqua hatchery in Wisconsin James Nevins (1901)
mentioned one of 40 pounds.

HABITAT AND HABITS.

Habitat.—Wherever the muskellunge occurs, its habits, so far as
they are known, are essentially the same and generally similar to
those of other members of the family.

The seasonal abode of the fish varies somewhat with the size of
the fish. In any body of water it generally occurs in the vicinity
of water plants at the edge of channels or streams or along the shores,
where it lies concealed.

Referring to the Chautauqua Lake fish, Bean (1908) wrote that
when the lake became very clear in February the fish go into deep
water and that they live in deep water more or less all of the year,
and in winter they frequent nearly the same localities as in summer,
usually in the vicinity of water plants.

Mosher (1892) stated that the muskellunge delight to lurk among
weeds or old tree tops that have fallen into the water. There they
will lie for hours perfectly motionless.

Henshall (1892) stated that like all animals of prey it is solitary in
its habits, lying concealed among the water plants and bullrushes at
the edges of the streams or channels or along the shores.

Feeding.—The feeding habits of the muskellunge are essentially
the same as of the other members of the family. As in the case of
most predacious fishes, it subsists largely upon other fishes, for which
it lies in wait under the concealment of water plants. Its size makes
it a formidable engine of destruction, but not more so than other
voracious species of like size.

Henshall (1892) stated of the muskellunge that, like all of the pike
family, it is a typically piscivorous fish, having its large mouth, jaws,
and tongue, armed with a terrible array of long, sharp, conical
teeth of various sizes, which form veritable chevaua-de-frise from
which there is no escape for the unlucky fish that is so unfortunate
as to be seized by the cruel and relentless jaws. In another place
he went on to say that the number of fishes destroyed by a mascalonge,
as he called it, during a summer is almost incredible, and they are
not small fry and young fishes, such as devoured by other predacious
fishes, but those that have escaped the many dangers and. vicissitudes
of adolescence and have arrived at an age when they are capable
of reproducing their kind.

12 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.

Spawning.—In referring of the Wisconsin fish Nevins (1901)
wrote: “‘The breeding places of the muskellunge are where the logs,
stumps, and driftwood are thickest, in shallow water or flowage
where dead limbs, logs, and brush have accumulated as results of
flooding for logging purposes or otherwise.”

Bean (1908) stated that the Chautauqua muskellunge begins to
spawn a few days after the ice is out and continues until the latter
part of April and that it spawns in comparatively shallow water
from 10 to 15 feet deep. He said that the fish does not resort to
eravelly bottoms like many other fish but to mud, usually going
into bays.

The following communication © was reported in the proceedings
of the Boston Society of Natural History in 1854:

Dr. Burnet (1854) stated on the authority of Prof. Ackley, of Cleveland, that the
‘“muskalonge” (Hsox nobilior) is known to perform an, act of copulation in fecundating
the eggs of the female. The female turning on her side offers her abdomen to the
contact of the male, who, after taking a circuit, swims against her with considerable
force. The female then retires and deposits her eggs in the sand, after which the
process is repeated. Dr. Cabot thought that the object of the act in question might
be to press the ova from the female just as they were about to be extruded. He has
seen male and female suckers (Catostomus bostoniensis) side by side in close contact,
during the breeding season, probably for a similar purpose. Dr. Durkee had noticed
the same thing in the habits of the trout.

ARTIFICIAL CULTURE.

Only the State fish commissions of New York and Wisconsin seem
to have made any determined efor to artificially propagate the
muskellunge.

New York was first to fan such operations, chiefly at
Chautauqua Lake, and later Wisconsin carried on the work at the
Minocqua hatchery.

In order to get the breeding fish, Bean (1908) stated, the pound
nets are set at a number of places near Bemus Point as soon as the
ice leaves the lake.

He stated that the males are smaller than the females and very
little milt suffices to fertilize a large number of eggs. A female
weighing 35 pounds yielded 255,000 eggs, and the eggs are about one-
eleventh of an inch in diameter and 74,000 to the quart measure.
They are semibuoyant and not adhesive.

Under favorable circumstances about 97 per cent of the impreg-
nated eggs have been hatched. In the early experiments with
artificial culture some eggs were hatched in 15 days with a water
temperature of 55° F. The fry when first hatched are very small
and quite helpless. The yolk sack is absorbed in about 15 days in
water at 55° F.

a Note the similarity of this description with Smitt’s and Benecke’s statement relating to the pike.

i=

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 13

Formerly the eggs were hatched in boxes, but at present they are
placed in glass jars and hatched like whitefish eggs in artesian-well
water with a uniform temperature of about 48°F. The embryos are
too heavy to swim out of the jars, and therefore they are transferred
at the proper state of development to trays in boxes placed in the
hatchery troughs. These boxes are fitted with wire at each end to
insure a direct and uninterrupted flow of water, which prevents the
banking up of the fry at the lower end of the tray. Eggs first taken
on April 18 began to hatch on May 16. The shell of the egg was very
dark, almost black.

Premature hatching occurred on some occasions, due to a differ-
ence of temperature between the lake and the artesian water, a
difference of 7° or 8° F. when the eggs were transferred. Cold water
was found very bad for hatching the eggs. They do not develop
properly, some having no shell when hatched and the fry small and
weak. On the other hand, if hatched in warm water the fry would
be black and strong and almost twice as large. The best water to
use is lake water, which should grow gradually warmer.

Mr. William Buller, of Corey, Pa., hatched muskellunge eggs on
the finest wire trout trays in water at a temperature of 45° F., where
they were stated to hatch in 62 days into fine and healthy fry.

Muskellunge fry can be kept very easily until they begin to swim
up, but after that the losses through cannibalism are so serious that
it has been found impossible to rear them.

It does not, however, swim up as soon as the young of most fishes
and is much affected by the quality of the egg. Sudden changes
of temperature of the water injure the egg seriously.

Young muskellunge kept in a small creek, at the hatchery grounds
at Bemus Point, grew faster than those in artesian water in the
hatchery troughs and ponds.

Many attempts have been made to rear the muskellunge to finger-
ling size, but none has succeeded on account of the cannibalism so
characteristic of the young.

The young fry are usually ready for planting about the end of May
or in June.

The Wisconsin commission began to propagate the muskellunge
during the spring of 1899 in connection with the work of collecting
wall-eyed pike ova (Nevins, 1901). The chief difficulty encountered
was stated to be to catch the fish on the eve of spawning, as it was
found that the large fish would not stand confinement, and in the
beginning sufficient ripe male fish could not be secured.

Attempts were made to hold the fish in pens and in a large dummy
pocket 20 by 22 feet and 10 feet deep, but in vain. The ova would be
retained in the fish and would cake. Finally, a large pen was made
in a thoroughfare between two lakes in a current of water, in which

99805°—19——25

14 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.

unripe fish were successfully held until the ova matured and both
spawn and milt were obtained. After spawning the fish were re-
leased. In catching the fish for breeding purposes the fyke net is
usually employed, and it is not altogether an easy matter to collect a
sufficient number for spawning purposes, as the spawning places to
which the fish resort in pairs are scattered about the lake. In trans-
porting the fish to the pens live boxes 16 feet long, 2 feet wide, and 10
inches deep, made “‘skow-shape” with bottom of slats 2 inches apart,
giving an abundant circulation, are employed.

Unlike those of most other fish the eggs do not harden after being
taken from the fish, but remain soft and flabby until hatched. With
the water at a temperature of 52° F. the eggs hatch in about 10
days, and about 15 days are required to absorb the food sack.

Both boxes and Chase hatchery jars were tried, with the result
greatly in favor of the jars. Just before the eggs began to hatch they
were taken from the jars and placed on fine wire-cloth trays, in order
that the young fish might not smother, being unable to make their
way out of the jars unaided on account of the comparatively large
umbilical sack.

Onefemale weighing about 40 pounds produced not less than 225,000
ova, 80,000 filling a quart measure and 190 individuals averaged 6,315
_ eggs each.

The fry when first hatched are a light color and seem to adhere to
the side of the tank, box, or tray, or any other object with which they
come in contact. Those hatched were strong and healthy, grew
rapidly, and in their development exhibited their wild nature and the
instinct of self-preservation by quickly darting off to hide when
alarmed by a person approaching the tank in which they were
confined.

They were retained until they were 4 weeks old and 1} inches long
and were fed upon young pike, which seemed to be suitable as well as
acceptable food. ;

CONSERVATION.

Nevins stated that for many years, since the wilderness of northern
Wisconsin was opened by railways and by lumbering operations, with
the advent of the comforts and conveniences which the railroad takes
into a new country and the encroachment of the settler and summer
hotels on the primitive banks of our northern lakes, the pursuit of the
muskellunge has been constant and relentless. Its utter extermi-
nation has been well nigh accomplished in many of our lakes where it
was indigenous; and nearly all of our waters have been cleared of
this fish to such an extent that its future has become a matter of
much concern to sportsmen, fish culturists, and others interested in
keeping our waters well stocked with superior game fishes.

ee | ee eo ee

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 15

Henshall (1892) stated that it is fortunate for the rest of the finny
tribe that the ‘‘mascalonge”’ is comparatively a rare fish. The
muskellunge, like others of the pike family, breeds in the spring, later,
however, than the pike or pickerel. All of the pike family resort to
overflowed marshes or shallow grassy streams to spawn—the pick-
erel during March and the muskellunge in May.

The pickerel thus has a start of about two months, and no doubt
the young pickerel devour most of the muskellunge that hatch, for the
spawn in May, in such shallow water, is exposed to the ravages of
turtles, frogs, ducks, and coots, and most of it is doubtless destroyed.
This seems to be a wise provision, for since the muskellunge spawns
from 100,000 to 300,000 eggs, according to size, the result can be
imagined were the same proportions of eggs to hatch and reach ma-
turity as in the case of most other fishes.¢

Jt has not seemed advisable to introduce this fish into other waters
than those in which it is indigenous.

For a number of years the Pennsylvania commission has distrib-
uted the young of this species, hatched from eggs derived from New
York waters, into natural muskellunge waters in Pennsylvania. _ One
of the State reports says, however, that the muskellunge attains a
‘size of 12 inches in a very few months, but to attain that size eats an
enormous amount of food, causing it to be a dangerous fish to place

in ordinary waters.
FOOD QUALITIES.

As in the case of other species of the family, opinions vary regarding
its quality as a food fish. Henshall wrote (1892) that in comparison
with the rest of the family it is a valuable food fish, though it is much
overrated and is inferior to the whitefish, lake trout, black bass, or
brook trout for the table, but that it is, however, readily disposed -
of in the markets, and, while possessing no special or characteristic
flavor, is firm, flaky, and is much admired by many, and adds ‘‘but
chacun 4 son goit.”

On the other hand, Nevins (i901) stated that from a gastronomic
standpoint the muskellunge has few equals among fishes and by some
is considered to rank in quality next to the salmon.

AS A GAME FISH.

Henshall (1892) stated that as a game fish the “‘mascalonge”’ is far
superior to the rest of the family, and when weighing upward of 10
pounds its great vitality, weight, and power give it an endurance that

a In this statement Henshall does not seem to recognize that homologous adaptions exist in other fishes.
In natural economy the purpose of reproduction—i. e., the perpetuity of the species—is accomplished by
the survival of one pair only to replace the parents when they are gone, and for which purpose one species
is no better equipped than another. Every species is naturally adapted to meet both favorable and un-
favorable conditions to which it is naturally subjected. The species which is subjected to the most ad-
verse conditions has the most eggs, and vice versa.

16 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.

is highly extolled by some, but can hardly be compared to the salmon,

black bass, or brook trout for pure gameness per se; that is, it does not
exhibit the finesse and élan of those superb game fishes.

Most “‘mascalonge,”’ however, are taken with hand line and trolling
spoon and hauled in hand over hand. With taut line and moving
boat the ‘‘mascalonge”’ sometimes leaps above the water because it
can not get very far beneath the surface. As arule, however, when on
the rod it does not leave the water and will not leap unless forced to do
so, but will endeavor to keep near the bottom or to reach the cover of
weeds or rushes.

With proper tackle the ‘‘mascalonge”’ affords good sport, for, being
a powerful fish, it requires much skill and judgment on the part of the
angler to keep it away from the moss and grass bottom or from the
weeds and alge of the shore and to successfully bring it to gaff within a
reasonable time. The best bait is a large live minnow or frog, either
for casting or trolling, though for the latter mode of fishing a large
trolling spoon with single hook may be used.

Regarding the Ohio fish, Henshall said that in the Ohio and its tribu-
taries the ‘‘mascalonge”’ is found in the summer and autumn in the
deepest holes of the streams and are then taken by stillfishing, the

bait being usually suckers of a half pound or more in weight. After —

taking the bait the fish is given time to gorge it before striking or
hooking. He adds:

It is now, however, a rare occurrence to take a ‘“‘pike,’’ as it is called, in these
waters, and the fact is talked of long afterwards and the head preserved as a
trophy, while the fish itself, being esteemed a great delicacy on account of its great
size and rarity, is made the piece de resistance of a formal dinner instead of being
preserved for a piece justificative. or five years I have endeavored to procure a
specimen of this rare fish in the Ohio Basin, but, beyond the head, my efforts have so
far failed. No one who is so fortunate as to capture a ‘‘pike”’ seems willing to part
with it for love of science or coin of the realm.

Regarding its game qualities, Mosher wrote that when lying basking
in the sun they rarely take bait unless unusually attractive, but when
lurking in the weeds or rushes, waiting for some living victim, they
will take artificial bait voraciously. But, he stated, they do not
seem to be so voracious as their smaller cousin the pickerel, and there
are times when for days together no amount of coaxing will induce
them to take bait of any kind.

PIKE (soz lucius)

The pike, as previously mentioned, is the only species of the family
which occurs outside of North America. Its geographical range,
according to F. A. Smitt (1892), is from northeastern Siberia west to
the east of North America. According to Pallas, it inhabits the
River Amur, which falls into the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Rivers
Indigirka and Chatauga, which discharge into the Arctic Ocean,

ee ee eee ee

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 17

but is wanting in the Kamchatkan Peninsula. Brehm found it in
the lower course of the River Obi; and in the great lakes of the
Barbara steppes (the upper basin of the Obi and Irtish) it is extremely
common, according to Pallas, and attains a considerable size. It
occurs also in the Caspian Sea but not in Transcaucasia or in the Black
Sea, though it is found in the Sea of Azov and the basin of the Danube.
It is met with in rivers and lakes throughout Russia and north-central
Europe, including Great Britain, Italy, and Sicily, but is said to be
wanting in Greece and on the Pyrenean Peninsula. It inhabits all the
waters of Scandinavia, with some exceptions in Norway.

In North America its range extends across the continent from the
Labrador Peninsula to Alaska, northward to beyond the Arctic Circle,
and southward to the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes Basin. It is
found also in some waters in the United States south of the Great
Lakes, as northern New York and the Mississippi and its tributaries,

FIG. 3.—COMMON PIKE (Esoz Lucius).

but it does not occur in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, or (except by
introduction) in that part of New England east of the Green Moun-
tains.

It is the common pike of northern New York and the States bor-
dering on the Great Lakes.

Chambers (1896) stated that it occurs in Lake St. John and its
tributary streams as well as in the large lakes adjacent to and beyond
the height of land.

According to Low (1895), this fish is found abundantly throughout
the interior of Labrador in the lakes and quick-flowing streams and is
common in the rivers of the southern, eastern, and western water-
sheds, but not abundant in the Koksoak River.

Preble (1908) reported that it is abundant in the Mackenzie Valley
in practically all the waters of the region and has given its name to
scores of lakes and streams, but he was unable to ascertain its presence
in the Ark-i-linik, Great Fish, or Coppermine Rivers. However, it is
an inhabitant of the Anderson.

Bean said that Townsend and others found it above the Arctic Circle
in Alaska, and Dall and Nelson took it in abundance on the Yukon.

18 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.

NAMES.

In America, as in Europe, this fish is known by various names
according to locality and appearance. In the British Isles the young
is called a “jack” or, sometimes, pickerel. In our own country,
probably, the name pickerel is in as common use for this fish as pike,
and, intentionally or unintentionally, when large it has sometimes
been mistaken for muskellunge. It is the ‘‘grass pike” of Lake Erie
and perhaps of other waters. In Canada it is referred to as pike and
jack pike. According to Forbes (1908), in Illinois and elsewhere it
is called pickerel. However, with a little scrutiny, at whatsoever
size, it can hardly be mistaken for any other species. The presence
of scales on the cheeks and absence of any on the lower half of the
gill cover easily distinguish it.

While the color of the fish may vary considerably in some details
of shade or markings, as usually observed it may be said to be green-
ish gray with yellow reflections and with many white or, yellow spots
arranged somewhat in rows, the dorsal and caudal fins bearing round
or oblong black spots. , The young are more or less crossbarred.

SIZE.

While the muskellunge is stated to be the largest of the pike
family, in Europe, if traditions can be believed, the pike has far
exceeded any muskellunge record. One taken at Bregenz in 1862
was said to weigh 145 pounds, and one caught in Scotland was reported
as being 7 feet long and weighing 72 pounds.

Smitt (1892) said that the maximum authentic record is one of
57.2 pounds, but that pike of that size are of rare occurrence.

Jardine (1896) presented lists covering a period from 1869 to
1896, inclusive, of large pike taken by anglers in England, Scotland,
and Ireland, comprising 51 examples ranging from 18 to 37 pounds,
which are found to average 251 pounds. He mentions another
found after draining Whitlesea Mere which weighed 49 pounds.

Coupled with the alleged great size to which the pike has attained
in Europe are unauthentic accounts of instances in which individuals
reached a great age, as high as 200 years in some cases.

In a large lake at the head of a tributary of the Nushigak River,
Alaska, the Inuit natives believe that there are pike of fabulous size
which they hold in a sort of superstitious awe or fear and concerning
which they relate wonderful tales, believing that they attack men in
their kyaks and devour them. They say they are longer than a
kyak (Fassett).

In some waters of British America the pike reaches a considerable

size. Preble (1908) stated that in the larger lakes it attains a weight

of 35 pounds or more. In Labrador Low (1895) said that it varies in
weight from 2 to 15 pounds.

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 19

According to Chambers (1896), in the Lake St. John region many
of them far exceed in weight the generally accepted limit of size of
the ordinary Esox lucius, sometimes attaining the weight of 20, 30,
and even 40 pounds. One was taken in Lake Tschotagama in 1890
which weighed 49 pounds and another in 1891 of 47 pounds. In
1892 one was caught in the Peribonca River which weighed 35 pounds.

Herbert (1849), referring to the pike, said that specimens of the
northern pickerel may be found which weigh as high as 16 or 17
pounds, but that weight is rarely exceeded.

Forbes (1908) stated that the average weight of the pike in Illinois
waters is not over 5 pounds, but a specimen weighing 264 pounds was
reported by Dr. Jordan to have been caught in the Kankakee, and
Tomlin (1892) wrote that specimens have been taken in Michigan
and along the bays connecting with the north shore of Lake Superior
which weighed as high as 20 pounds.

HABITAT AND HABITS.

Habitat.—The pike chooses its spring and summer haunts by
preference in shallow inlets with weedy bottoms and shores over-
grown with reeds and rushes. Toward autumn it betakes itself to
precipitous, stony shores, which it again forsakes when winter is
at hand and the inlets freeze. Most of the pike then return to their
summer stations, but the larger ones seemingly follow the shoals
of other fishes to the depths, being seldom caught during the winter
in shallow water. For these a more plentiful supply of food is, no
doubt, necessary than shallows afford in winter. When the pike
has chosen its station for the season, it restricts its wanderings to the
immediate neighborhood, leading a solitary life and never being seen
in company except during the spawning. (Smitt, 1892.)

According to Preble (1908),in the far North it is much less common
in the muddy rivers than in clear lakes, and the pools at the foot of
falls or rapids are favorite haunts. Forbes (1908) said it prefers
clean, clear, cool water with a sluggish current, in which it remains
generally quiet by day.

Hahiis.—Tomlin (1892) wrote:

It is a powerful fish and is no coward; it will fight as viciously as a terrier. We have
seen small pike with jaws locked and lashing the water around them like a boiling
caldron. Occasionally letting go and backing out, they would rush at each other
with open jaws and keep up the fight until one is beaten and driven away or until
later on exhausted. Some years ago I found two dead, ‘with both jaws fast set so that
they could not be pulled open. Both of them were handsome male fish and must
have fought fiercely, for their bodies were cut all along the sides and bellies.

Feeding.—The pike is undoubtedly the most voracious among the
fresh-water fishes. It devours indiscriminately other fishes, young
waterfowl, small mammals, and carrion. From the dense bed of
grass or rushes, where it usually passes the day in stationary watch,

90 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.

it pounces with the speed of an arrow on its unwary victim. It
almost always seizes its prey crosswise and retains its hold until the
latter is dead or so exhausted as to desist from all struggles. Then
the pike turns the prize in its jaws till the head points toward the
interior of its mouth and commences its meal. This operation is a
protracted one when the victim is large, for the end first swallowed
and received in the stomach must digest to make room for the remain-
der (Smitt, 1892).

On one occasion a pike of 7 or 8 pounds’ weight was seen to dart
forward and seize a salmon which was quite as large in its formidable
jaws right across the body. The combat was fierce. The salmon
leaped out of the water and made desperate but fruitless struggle to
shake off its relentless captor. In a couple of hours’ time the salmon
was utterly exhausted, and the pike began to swallow it head first.
The meal lasted three days before the whole body had disap-
peared. The process of digestion must have taken much longer, for
all the following week the pike had a very swollen appearance and
could hardly be induced to move by touching it with a long stick
(Smitt, 1892).

The fishermen in general believe that at certain seasons of the year
the pike entirely abstains from food and at others is excessively
voracious. These seasons are said to be periodical and regular in
occurrence, the observant fisherman being able to predict the time
when the pike is ‘‘on its feed,” as it is called. But these periods are
said not to occur at the same time year after year, and according to
some observations, they are determined by the spawning season, for
the period of voracity begins in the same change of the moon (waxing
or wane) as the pike finishes spawning. There is one exception,
however, the pike being always ‘‘on its feed” throughout the dog
days. This periodical voracity and moderation is said to depend on
the circumstance that at certain times the points of the teeth hardly
project above the flesh, some tenderness of the gums being thus the
curb of the pike’s usual rapacity. Perhaps we have here some
observation on the manner in which the pike casts its teeth or we
may find a more probable explanation in the fact that the fish
requires some time to digest the great quantity of food which it
devours during the period of voracity (Smitt, 1892).

According to Chambers (1896), in the Lake St. John the fish is so

voracious that many of the settlers about the shores fear to bathe in
the waters. Both dogs and waterfowl swimming upon the surface
have been attacked.
' Forbes (1908) stated that it is purely carnivorous, its food con-
sisting of fishes, such as sunfish and black bass. Frogs, crayfish,
large water insects, mice, reptiles, and young ducks have been
reported by various authors to have been taken from the stomachs
of pike.

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 21

Breeding.—Since, unfortunately, not much has been written con-
cerning the breeding habits of the American pike, it is again necessary
to rely for information mainly upon what has been published respect-
ing the European fish. However, if the two are specifically iden-
tical, the general habits are probably much the same.

Smitt (1892) has quite fully described the spawning process of the
Scandinavian pike, and his description essentially agrees with the
account of the German fish given by Benecke.

In the spring before there is open water in the lakes the pike com-
mences to approach the shores, and breeding individuals in particular
repair to those parts of the shore having inlets. When the spring is
so far advanced that the lakes are free of ice, the brooks clear, and
the low-lying meadows about the shores are under water, the larger
pike make their way to those inundated places and begin to spawn.

The spawning is of long duration, its season: depending upon the
age of the fish, the young spawning first. When they have finished,
the middle-sized pike begin, and the oldest and largest spawn last of
all. Generally there are laid about 100,000 yellowish eggs about
3 millimeters in diameter, out of which in the course of 14 days the
young with their great umbilical sacs escape. The spawning time in
eastern Prussia was given as during the months of February to April,
and occasionally the spawning of the first pikes occurs before the
departure of the ice. (Benecke, 1880 and 1885.) In Illinois the
pike spawns in March, selecting shore water about a foot and a half
in depth, and the young hatch in about 14 days (Forbes, 1908).

Benecke (1880 and 1885) stated that it lives a hermit life, consorting
in pairs only during the spawning season, but Smitt said that the
females, which are always larger, come to the spawning places each
attended by two or three or, in rare cases, four males;/also that the
females swim so high in the water that when the weather is calm
the surface is faintly rippled by their movements and the dorsal and
caudal fins may be seen above the surface. As soon as the female
halts the males approach and surround her, one on each side or, if
more than two, one under the tail and perhaps one above the back.
They rub themselves against her body, during which operation she
keeps still, only moving the fins, after which she disperses the males
with a sudden lash of her body and darts to another point, meanwhile
having deposited in the grassy bottom the yellowish and coarse-
grained roe which is impregnated by the milt. At the new location
the operation is repeated. Benecke, however, states that the fish
rub violently against each other and the spawn is deposited, accom-
panied by powerful blows of the tail.

The number of eggs yielded by a pike, of course, depends upon the
size of the fish. Pennel (1886) stated that a pike produces about
80,000 eggs, while Jardine (1898) placed the number at 100,000.
Bloch counted in a pike weighing a little over 6 pounds 136,500 ova,

99 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.

and Buckland found in a female weighing 28 pounds 292,320 eggs
and in another weighing 32 pounds 595,200 (Smitt, 1892).

According to Smitt (1892), the eggs, which at first are rather
adhesive, lie free on the bottom and in the spring (April) require
about three weeks to hatch. Jardine says that the period extends
from one to three weeks according to the temperature of the water.

Notwithstanding the great fecundity of the pike, Smitt was of the
opinion that a great portion of the deposited roe is probably destroyed,
committed as it is to the open waters, where it is exposed to many
dangers.

The newly hatched fry, wrote Sundevall (Smitt, 1892), is short
and thick in shape with rather a large belly. The coloration is yel-
lowish but quite transparent and densely punctated on the surface
with black dots, a dark band running from the eyes along the sides
of the belly.

At first the larva remains almost quiescent, lying close to the sur-
face of the water beside plants and floating straws and the like, to
which it seems, as it were, to hang, or else at the bottom in less than
an inch of water. On being touched it swims rapidly about with
hasty movements of the tail but soon resumes its former position.
In about 10 or 11 days the yolk is absorbed and the belly much re-
duced in size but the head elongated and the mouth large. It now
begins at once to swim more steadily, in the same manner as its
elder, and goes in quest of prey. It soon abandons the habit of lying
on the bottom or resting alongside floating objects, repairs to some-
what deeper water, remaining for the most part stationary, as if on
the watch for prey. It seizes small fishes and other aquatic animals
of a size considerable enough in comparison with its own, but only
leaps for those which it sees moving, just as in the case of older pike
(Smitt, 1892).

RATE OF GROWTH.

According to Smitt (1892), the external form in which the specific
characters of the pike may be traced seems to be fully developed at an
age of nearly 2 months and a length of about a Swedish inch (25 mm.).
Subsequently the growth proceeds rapidly, as usual, at first, but with
very considerable variations, depending on the different supply of
food under circumstances favorable in all respects. According to
some observations a 1-year pike is only 15 centimeters long, accord-
ing to others 30 centimeters. Blanchere states the growth as follows:

Maximum LENGTH OF THE PIKE.

Meters
I year. old 2.0). osc4tbe sn a+ th Cn aR 1 en ere eee 0. 25-0. 30
Diente ONO i ee cnn g's cep lol aitbenn giemele = beta Re bees eaaaets Se leat eaeaereies . 36— . 42
SVGATE OG « 36 2cipa c's dkcmesih's con bain ete re oni era .do- . 60
OG VOADST Gd. oes a ai rae otc ae ain aie Wa Ee ie iat, CIO oe eee ae 1.00

Ee yeaksiold f:, SPU PEP Be Se eke eater nate Sonia Ore fete ental 1 3a.9

SS SS ee

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 23

How widely such computations may differ appear from Ekstrom’s
observations. He found that pike fry 37 to 49 millimeters (about
1.45 to 1.90 inches) long, kept in a spring with muddy bottom, only
attained in 5 years the size of a common herring, but that a specimen
15 centimeters (about 5.88 inches) long, kept in another spring with
smaller fish to feed on, attained in 5 years a length of 4 decimeters
(about 15.70 inches).

Whitmark gave a number of statements from authorities in differ-
ent parts of Germany showing the annual rate of growth of the pike,
which appears to vary from 2 to 3 pounds, the maximum size attained
being from 40 to 70 pounds. He cited one instance in which, in two
summers, a few individuals liberated in a pond full of a species of
carp grew from the weight of 12 to that of about 10 pounds.

Frank Buckland was of the opinion that pikes did not become egg-
bearing under the weight of 3 pounds (Jardine, 1898).

CULTURE AND CONSERVATION.

Notwithstanding its growing scarcity, the idea of any need of cul-
ture or conservation appears not to have been generally entertained.
Apparently no attempts at artificial propagation have been made.

In the words of Forbes (1908), this noble fish, completely and almost
ideally equipped for the predatory life, has now nearly disappeared
from the larger and muddier streams of Illinois, but it is still found
in abundance in the headwaters of the Kankakee and in the small
glacial lakes of the northeastern part of the State.

Chambers (1896) regarded it as fortunate that in many of the Lake
St. John waters, where it has been systematically fished during recent
years, the pike is very much less abundant than formerly.

In New England, about 1838, the fish, it seems, was transplanted
from Lake Champlain into a pond connected with Black River, Wind-
sor County, Vt., and thence carried by a freshet into the Connecticut
River. In 1846 Dr. Storer (1848) reported the capture of this species
in the Connecticut River, a specimen having been sent to him by Mr.
William Henry, of Bellows Falls, Vt. Mr. Henry reported that he
had known, in some seasons, 100 or more to be taken at Bellows Falls,
weighing from 1 to 14 pounds each.

There are probably other instances of its having been trans-
planted, but its artificial propagation has not been encouraged in
this country. However, regarding the British pike, Jardine (1898)
wrote that inland lakes, ponds, and brooks were lying useless and
pike would well repay cultivation in them, for they grow and fatten
with great rapidity.

FOOD QUALITIES.

As a food fish the pike is of no small value. The flesh is white,
firm, wholesome, and comparatively free from bones. Fresh pike is
by no means a bad dish, and the flesh has advantage over that of

94 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.

many other fishes. It may be kept for a long time, without deteri-
orating, in a salted or dried condition.

Herbert (1849) said that it is coarse, watery, and of small value
on the table. )

Preble said (1908) that in the Athabasca and Mackenzie region, a
region of excellent food fishes, it is not highly esteemed, but being

easily captured it is often a means of preventing much suffering from —

famine.

Benecke (1880 and 1885) stated that only the young rapidly grow-
ing pikes are edible, the old ones being dry and tasteless.

Jardine (1898) cited the “‘ Analysis tables of the food collection” at
Bethnal Green Museum in support of his statement that the pike is
a nutritious food, containing more nitrogenous or muscle-forming
qualities than meat, and he added that as an adjunct to the domestic
bill of fare a small pike from 5 to 8 pounds’ weight, caught during
November or the next three months, when fat and nicely cooked, is
a dish by no means to be despised.

AS A GAME FISH.

Go where pike can be found, fish for them with legitimate tackle,
give them a fair chance, and they will afford as much pleasure as any
royal smallmouth bass that ever swam (Tomlin, 1892). Cheney
(1896) wrote that the pike and pickerel had not been hatched in this
country, but that the pike was cultivated in Germany by artificial
methods and is regarded more highly in Europe than in this country.
He explained that the reason for this is that we have such a great
number of so-called game fishes considerably superior to the pike that
the latter has been relegated to an inferior position. However, the

pike has its loyal adherents who regard it highly as a rod fish and as

a table fish.
EASTERN PICKEREL (Esox reticulatus).

The eastern pickerel has a comparatively limited natural geo-
graphical distribution. It is believed originally to have been re-
stricted to the fresh waters of the Atlantic seaboard, being commonly
found everywhere east and south of the Allegheny Mountains from
southwestern Maine to Florida.

Aided by man its range has been extended throughout the southern
half of Maine and even farther north into the lower waters of the
St. John River, into New Brunswick, and elsewhere. Thompson (1842
and 1850) did not record its being found in Lake Champlain, but
stated that it was the common pickerel on the east side of the Green
Mountains, as Hsox lucius was on the other.

However, it has since been reported in Missisquoi Bay (Evermann
and Kendall, 1902) and in the St. Lawrence as long ago as 1863

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 25

(Fortin, 1864). It has also been recorded in one locality in Lake
Ontario (Evermann and Kendall, 1901).

Occurring as it does so commonly in the St. Lawrence, it is peculiar
that it is not more common in the northern tributary waters, but
Halkett (1913) does not definitely record it at all, and Nash (1908)
states that he has not met with it elsewhere than in the neighborhood
of Toronto, where he has taken a few specimens.

LOCAL NAMES.

A common book name given this pike is chain pickerel, but in
New England it is almost if not quite invariably known as pickerel.
It is, perhaps, the grass pike of the St. Lawrence and the green pike
of some other localities. It is commonly called jack in the south, the
term being probably an early importation from England, where small
pike are often so denominated. Smith (1907) mentioned pike, red-

i]
os 4

FIG. 4.—EASTERN PICKEREL ( Esoz reticulatus).

finned pike, black pike, duck-billed pike, and jack as names in com-
mon use in the Albemarle region of North Carolina. He explained
that old specimens living in deep, shady water were designated as
black pike by the commercial fishermen. Bean (1902) said it is the
federation pike of Oneida Lake, N.Y.

CHARACTERISTICS.

The scales on the cheeks and opercles easily distinguish this fish
from the muskellunge or pike, but not from the other two species of
pickerel. From these the adult: may be always distinguished by the
reticulated black or brownish lines on the sides. Younger fish do not
show these marks, but are also banded, the cross bands being wider
and, consequently, fewer than in either of the others. The structural
distinguishing characters have already been indicated. A well-con-
ditioned pickerel, with its green and golden hues and dark markings,

is a beautiful fish.
SIZE.

Ayres (1844) gave an account of phenomenally large examples. He
said that on February 28, 1842, he examined a pickerel which had-
been caught in the Hockanum River, about 2 miles east of Hartford,

96 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE,

Conn., which he claimed was “an undoubted reticulatus of Le Sueur.”
It was 38 inches in length and weighed 14 pounds. He stated that
this was the largest example of the species which had ever come under
his observation with one exception. The largest of which he had ever
heard as occurring in the Eastern States was taken in the spring of
1842 near Greenfield, Mass., which weighed 20 pounds. These might
be accepted as authentic records were it not for the fact that the
introduced pike had become fairly common in the Connecticut River
in 1846 in the vicinity of Bellows Falls, Vt., and had found its way
down perhaps into these tributaries. This fact lends an element of
doubt to the question, preventing acceptance of the records as
authentic, although Dr. Ayres was an accomplished ichthyologist.
However, ichthyologists have been known to make worse mistakes.

Storer (1853) said that the largest pickerel seen by him were spéci-
mens weighing 7 pounds brought from Brewster, Cape Cod. Even
larger ones were reported to have been found there.

Pickerel weighing as high as 8 pounds have been authentically
reported, but such size is uncommon and fishes accounted large will
not usually exceed half that weight. Two and three pound pickerel
are about the average in waters of ordinary suitability to the fish.
However, bodies of water differ in respect to their suitability, and in
some the largest fish will not exceed a pound and in others much
larger fish are common.

HABITAT AND HABITS.

Habitat.—The usual haunts of thé pickerel are weedy streams and
bays or coves of lakes. In some lakes small and medium sized pickerel
occur in the shallow coves, where they lurk under lily pads or amongst
the rushes and sedges. Often larger fish occur along rocky shores
contiguous to deep water, especially if there are fallen trees, brush, or
bowlders to afford concealment. It has, also, been caught on the
rocky shoals of an open lake.

In some streams, while it is most abundant in the sluggish, dead
waters where aquatic vegetation is profuse, it is not imfrequently
found well up in quicker water if the character of the shores or
growth there provides concealment.

In North Carolina, Smith (1907) stated that,its favorite haunts are
creeks, coves, and bayous containing grasses and broad-leaved
water plants, under which it lurks.

Where natural or artificial obstructions do not exist, the pickerel
will sometimes make its way to extreme headwaters: Adult pickerel
a foot in length have been taken near the spring source of a stream -
where it was not over 2 feet wide and only a few inches deep, but
full of pondweed. However, pickérel will not often traverse rapids
or long extents of rips, and those found far upstream, as just de-_

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 27

scribed, probably reached those places for self-protection while
young fish. The very young, just as in the case of many other fishes,
find their way into the shallowest waters and mouths of brooks
entering the lake, probably from neighboring localities where they
were born.

According to Mr. Frank Todd, of St.. Stevens, New Brunswick,
a few years after the introduction of pickerel into the St. Croix
Lakes, for a number of years a good many individuals of large size
were taken by weirs and by hook in salt water some 6 or 8 miles
below the head of tidewater. At the time of writing, however, some
15 years since the introduction of the fish into that region, they had
greatly decreased coincidentally with the pickerel of the fresh waters.

Food and feeding.—The principal subsistence of adult pickerel
consists mainly of other fishes, although it includes many other
animals in its bill of fare, such as frogs and other batrachians or, in
fact, any living thing moving in the water within reach which it can
capture and handle. According to Smith (1907), in the spring about
Albermarle Sound, this fish feeds chiefly upon alewives.

Like other members of the family, this pickerel is accounted an
extremely voracious and destructive fish, but it is seldom found
gorged with food, as is the salmon and trout, although it sometimes
proves itself successfully ambitious respecting the size of the object
it swallows—swallowing, as it were, on the installment plan. When
ravenous, it does not hesitate to seize a fish at least half as large as
itself or so large that a portion of the fish may be seen protruding
from the pickerel’s mouth as the remainder is being digested in the
stomach. In Umbagog Lake, of Maine and New Hampshire, of
numerous pickerel examined, those that contained any food at all
usually had small suckers. Three pickerel—11, 12, and 154 inches
long—caught in a stream in the vicinity of Freeport, Me., contained
only aquatic insect larve. A 2-pound pickerel caught at the mouth
of Sebois River, a tributary to the east branch of the Penobscot in
Maine, contained a hornpout (Ameiurus nebulosus) about 4 inches
long, and in one weighing 24 pounds, taken in the Wissatoquoik
Deadwater of the east. branch, was found a smaller hornpout.

The character of the food of young and adolescent pickerel may
be inferred from the following examples: At Sebago Lake two pickerel
about 24 inches long each, contained small insect larve and small
crustaceans, and one about 5.8 inches in length had only a tiny fish
in its stomach. One less than 2.5 inches long contained a young
sucker, apparently partly digested, about one-half an inch in length.
“One about 3.2 inches in length contained one sunfish (Lepomis
gibbosus) about nine-tenths of an inch long, swallowed head first,
and one 4.7 inches in length had fed upon nothing but insect larvee

a Forest and Stream, vol. vi, June 21, 1877, p. 320.

28 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE,

and amphipods, small crustaceans very common in the brook in
which the fish were found. At Umbagog Lake many young pickerel
ranging from 2 to 4 inches long were found to be feeding exclusively
upon Entomostraca and insect larve.

Of eight examples, from 4.25 to 6.37 inches in length, caught at the
same time and in the same place, six contained fishes, four of which
were young pickerel. Of another lot a 4.25-inch fish had also a
young pickerel 3 inches long in its alimentary tract; one 5.37 inches
long also contained a pickerel 3 inches long; another 5.87 inches
long, besides other things, had a pickerel 2.06 inches in length in its
stomach; still another 5.62 imches in length contained two small
minnows; one 6.37 inches long had in its stomach one pickerel 3
inches long and one shiner 2.5 inches in length; and another 7.5
inches long contained a 1.5 inch hornpout. Other instances were
those in which one 7.5 inches long contained the head of a small
chub and one 94 inches long had a 2.3 inch pickerel in its stomach.

The foregoing suggests a cannibalistic tendency even in very
young fish, which is maintained throughout life owing to the pre-
viously mentioned fact that, when feeding, the pickerel will attack
any accessible moving object. Pickerel, however, are not always
feeding, and apparently go without feeding for periods of days, or at
least, during the time in such periods as they are under observation.
Probably, its hunger having been satisfied, like many other fishes, it
refrains from eating for a considerable period. When it takes its
food it does so with a rush, and if the food is a fish the pickerel
grasps it crosswise, then stops and works its victim around so that
it is swallowed head first.

Breeding.—-The breeding places of the pickerel are shallow coves,
mouths of inlets, approaches to outlets, and sometimes in over-
flowed areas, in water from 3 to 10 feet deep, but not always in
the same places each year. Sometimes the eggs are deposited
among the roots of submerged tree stumps, the branches of fallen
trees or bushes, water plants, and occasionally on gravel or in,
the crevices among rocks. Here, according to Tomlin (1892a),
the fish are found in pairs, gently swimming to and fro, rubbing
side by side until the female is ready tospawn. Similar to the perch,
the eggs are laid in glutinous strings of a yellowish-white color,
which often form large masses and have been seen clinging to sub-
merged bushes in great mats or long strings. Strings of pickerel
eggs observed by the collector of the Pennsylvania Fish Commission
(1907) were said to average from 2 to 9 feet in length. Most pub-
lished statements regarding the spawning time of pickerel are rather
indefinite, as in ‘‘winter and spring.’”’ It is quite possible that
southward it does spawn in late winter. However, the report of a
commissioner of Massachusetts (1870) stated that Mr. Stone found

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 29

the pickerel ripe in the beginning of May. In Pennsylvania they
were found to begin to spawn from the middle of April until the early
part of, May, depending upon the locality and season.

The female fish appear to preponderate over the males, according
to observations cited by the Massachusetts Fish Commissioners
(1870):

This fish, to its other disagreeable and contrary qualities, adds the tendency to

multiply females, whereby the spawn crop is increased. Among many individuals
examined last spring it was rare to find a male, not oftener, certainly, than 1 in 14.

RATE OF GROWTH.

The rate of growth of the pickerel, like that of any fish, depends
much upon the available food supply and to some extent upon the
temperature of the water. Tomlin (1892a) said that as soon as
they are able to take care of themselves they show the family like-
ness and begin their bold predacious attacks upon the fry of the
silver chub and shiner family.

The Massachusetts Fish Commission reported (1870) that its rate of
growth seems to vary with the temperature. In a pond fed by a
large spring brook, when there was enough food but cold water
their growth seemed slow. In support of the statement the following
table was given:

Age. Length. Weight.

Inches. Ounces.
4.5

Ly Fatih coedinse ad Seba MSGS SRS S ABSA Ses Sancta Bitte eae ea 0.5
eR EAL eee eae een Ley epee oases issih Ast Sis seiasee | oS SRR POR OSS. cc eel eew 1.5
AMEE 5 ootnme HASH SSE SUES AC ee ETE CTS Ceara ne aa ea ae ag epg a Se 10 4
UV ED Rig ABA CLAG SSR sete Boke eS A at Se ae eee So SAR ee) ee ae 13. 5-14. 5 8-12
DIVAS US: ROPES SaE SSE Se AO EE epee ee Eee y OSE ee EERIE See tet ae eee Cee ee eee 17 24
Die TMS ne ee Se SS ee eam eS eae, Aan i a ge 8 i he Mt a Eel Al a a aaa 20 40

On the other hand, it was stated that in a large warm pond, coy-
ered with lily pads and full of young alewives, pickerel have reached
4 and 5 pounds in three years.

FOOD QUALITIES.

As a food fish it is variously esteemed, by some being regarded as
an excellent fish and by others as decidedly inferior. In regard
to this, it may be said that much depends upon conditions. A
pickerel of moderate size from fresh cool water is not to be compared
with one that has lain all day in the sun or a week or two in cold
storage or a day or two on the market stand.

Storer (1853) said: ‘This fine species is the common pickerel of
Massachusetts * * * and is everywhere valued.”

Bean (1902 and 1902a) said that as a food fish not much can be
said in praise of the chain pickerel, though it is eaten by some and

99805°—19——26

80 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.

liked by a great many people, and, again, that in some parts of New
York it is little esteemed, but in other portions of the State it is
considered a fairly good fish and furnishes sport for the angler.

Whatever its food qualities, it is persistently sought throughout the
year in localities where no restrictions are placed on the fishing and
everywhere throughout the prescribed open season and is a common
fish in some markets of the East and South. Smith (1907) stated
that in North Carolina considerable quantities are marketed, but it
does not rank high, the flesh being coarse and filled with minute
bones.

In the writer’s experience the pickerel has always been found to
be an excellent fish when fresh from Maine waters and properly
cooked. While small fish might be objected to on account of bones,
he has not found them more troublesome in that respect than in
many other small fishes.

PROPAGATION.

It appears that only the Fish Commission of Pennsylvania has
ever considered the pickerel worthy of artificial propagation. At-
tempts were made in that direction as early as in 1901, but it was not
until about 1905 that much success was attained. The reason for
the attempt at artificial propagation of the pickerel is stated in the
annual report of the commissioner (Wiliam E. Meehan) for 1905,
pages 57-59 (1906) as follows:

Between 40 and 50 years ago nearly all the sluggish waters in eastern Pennsylvania
teemed with pickerel, especially the streams near the border line of New Jersey.
Three-fourths of the natural mountain lakes also contained large numbers of this
fierce but excellent food fish. The pickerel in the streams were soon wiped out, so that
25 years ago it was rare to find a pickerel in any of this type of water, except occasional
“strays.” With very few exceptions there has been a rapidly diminishing supply
in the mountain lakes. Destructive methods of fishing undoubtedly have been the
one potent cause for this marked reduction, another was that no efforts were made
to restock.

At first vain attempts were made to retain pickerel in ponds or
pens until they became ripe and to retain them afterwards as breeders,
but it was found impossible to supply them with the required living
food. Therefore, they began to search for their eggs where the pick-
erel had deposited them naturally. These were collected and con-
veyed to the hatchery, where they were placed in hatching jars.
At first the Downing jar was used, but later one devised by the com-
missioner himself, which was found to be more effective. The jars
were arranged in the form of “‘ batteries,” as in the case of whitefish
or perch.

It was stated to have been found to be remarkably easy to hatch
pickerel eggs, as only a very small flow of water was required. How-
ever, constant vigilance day and night was necessary, for as soon as the

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 381

eggs began to eye they became semibuoyant and often bouyant, and
unless prevented the eggs would have flowed out of the jars into the
troughs and been lost. This the whole batch was liable to do in a
few minutes. The flow of water through the jars must be barely
enough to slightly move the eggs. It was in permitting this gentle
flow that the Meehan jar was an improvement over the Downing jar,
which required considerable force of the water to operate.

Although a strong flow of water was impracticable and a light flow
necessary, the latter had to be augmented by some stirring of the
eggs in order to prevent their smothering just before the hatching
period. This was accomplished by occasionally rotating the glass
tubes that supplied the water, thus producing better circulation and
a change of position of the eggs.

The eggs were found to hatch in about a week or 10 days, varying
somewhat with the temperature of the water, and were found to hatch
equally well whether they came into the station clean or dirty. It
was found that it was very injurious to attempt to wash the eggs when
brought in. They had to be placed in the jars together with what
sticks, weeds, etc., were clinging to them. At first in transporting
the eggs from the lake to the hatchery cans were used, but later the
eggs were retained in floating boxes until the conveyance came for
them, when they were packed in egg cases and carried to the hatchery.

It seems that after 1910 pickerel propagation practically ceased
in Pennsylvania. To indicate, however, the magnitude to which it
had attained at that time, it may be said that in 1909 there were
distributed 300,150,000 pickerel fry and the number in 1910 amounted
to 226,100,000. In 1914 the only distribution of this species was
85 adult fish.

CONSERVATION.

In some States the pickerel has always had more or less nominal
protection of the law. In some, perhaps it may be said in most,
communities pickerel fishing has been a favorite pursuit of local
residents, particularly in winter, both for the sport and for their
tables. In the North pickerel was formerly caught to some extent
for the market. However, in all localities there have been those
who derogated the fish to the lowest degree. These were usually
anglers who preferred other fish and fish culturists who believed that
to all the allegations regarding its rapacity and destructiveness much
more that had not been said could be added were their language
adequate. Even to-day fish culturists have inherited the ancient
beliefs and antipathies against the pickerel, which were based upon a
small amount of truth and a great amount of fallacy.

But there have always been and still are those who want pickerel
fishing and demand its protection and some who have wanted and
those who now want the fishing without the protection. Some of

52 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.

these facts are at the bottom of stated antagonistic beliefs and recom-
mendations. The intricacies in politics involve even the fishes of
the waters. One State fish commissioner’s report calls attention to
‘‘much dissatisfaction regarding ice fishing. Many of our best
sportsmen claim that the fishing for pickerel in waters that have been
closed for a number of years is not as good to-day as before they were
closed, different theories being advanced as to the cause.”

Those interested in the pickerel and pickerel fishing have been
forced to recognize that in a great many if not nearly all pickerel
waters, where they once abounded and attained a large size, they
have diminished in numbers and deteriorated in size. One or two
examples will serve as illustration of facts well known, at least
locally. As long ago as 1898 the writer made some observations
and inquiries at Sebago Lake, Me. There an old resident fish-
erman informed him that pickerel were once abundant and of a
much larger size in the lake and some of its tributary waters. By
winter ice fishing they still caught some pickerel in the lake. Fish
weighing 3 or 4 pounds each and the year before one of 7 pounds
had been caught, but such fish were seldom seen in recent years.
The lower part of the Songo River also harbored many large fish,
but at this time one much over a pound in weight was a rarity.
The pickerel observed by the writer in this place were small, poor,
and often greatly emaciated, a fact that was surprising inasmuch as
small minnows were very numerous in the so-called ‘‘ bogs” or bayous
where the pickerel were found. This latter fact is not easily ex-
plained, but the scarcity in both lake and Songo waters may be
accredited to excessive fishing, particularly in the winter and in those
days when market fishing was permitted. This was possible, not-
withstanding the large size of the lake, owing to the fact that congenial
pickerel waters in the lake were limited in number and restricted in
area. The pickerel is supposed to have been indigenous to Sebago
waters. Another lake in which pickerel were introduced may be
cited as an example of deterioration. This is Umbagog Lake, the
lowermost of the famous Rangeley chain of lakes. Umbagog is the
only one inhabited by this fish, where they are reputed to have once
been abundant and of large size, but as early as 1883 there were
complaints of growing scarcity and the small size of the fish caught.
To all appearances the conditions are ideally favorable for pickerel,
which is supported by the fact of their former increase in number
and size. Observations made there in 1905 by the present writer
indicated that the claims of decrease and deterioration were true.
Some remarkable explanations have now and then been offered.

There are two authentic reports of epidemic mortality among the
pickerel due to unknown causes. One explanation was that pickerel
had been suddenly frozen to death, but no explanation is offered

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 33

why other fish were not affected. A contributor to a sportsman’s
paper (Maine Woods, 1907) offered a decidedly striking explanation
of the decrease of Umbagog Lake pickerel:

It is a well-known fact that the pickerel that inhabit Umbagog Lake are dying
off rapidly. One man who is familiar with the lake advances the theory that they
are being killed by hornpouts and this in a very peculiar way. This man says there
are millions of hornpouts in Umbagog and that the pickerel devour them. He says:
‘*The horns on the hornpout are always straightened out when the fish is in trouble,
and this causes the death of the pickerel’’—that they are ‘‘hooked to death.’’

It is doubtful if this hornpout is even a contributory factor in the
death of the fish, and certainly there would not be epidemics of
“hooking to death.” The cause of such epidemics must be sought
for by careful study of the fish and prevailing conditions, and even
then it may not be revealed.

A gradual decrease in number and size of fish is more easily
explained. The habits of the pickerel expose it to more dangers
than are incurred by most other kinds of fresh-water fishes. To
whatever extent it does or does not sustain its reputation for fierce
and gluttonous voracity, those very qualities are its undoing. What-
ever may have been its ability to maintain its existence in undisturbed
natural conditions before man’s attention was directed its way, the
ease with which it is caught with any kind of lure, particularly in the
winter and spring when congregated in restricted areas, have been
decidedly adverse factors. Wholesale ice fishing has hastened its
decrease by the destruction of practically every fish in the limited
area and those larger fish which would have spawned that spring.
Here, too, is the cause of decrease in size. The majority of large fish
are caught, few succeed in spawning, and their progeny are in turn
caught before they have had time to reach a large size. Conse-
quently, there is a progressive decrease in number and size. While
those that succeed in breeding deposit large numbers of eggs, doubtless
but few survive. The character of the egg masses and their exposed
situation in shallow water subject them to the ravages of other fishes,
such as suckers, chubs, perch, etc., as well as reptiles and waterfowl.

A superintendent of one of the Pennsylvania hatcheries wrote that
he estimated that fully 10 per cent of eggs deposited are devoured
by other fishes before they are hatched and that storms sometimes
sweep the eggs from where they are deposited and float them ashore,
where they rot. He stated that he had seen hundreds of millions
of eggs thus washed ashore and lost. But the reduction does not
end there, for the fry from the time it is hatched is the common
prey not only of various fishes, including its own kind, but also of
reptiles, birds, and other animals. One would not suspect the
common, toothless, innocent chub or so-called dace (Semotilus
bullaris) of being a serious enemy of a fish that has been stated to

84 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.

be able to take care of itself. Nevertheless, the present writer has
observed chubs feeding upon young pickerel and has caught a dozen
or so of these fish, of about one-half to 1 pound weight each, and
found them gorged with pickerel 2 or 3 inches long. He has also
seen a young pickerel chased and driven high and dry on a sand bar
by a trout. The pickerel, a fish about 4 inches long, was secured
and used as a bait by which the trout, which was about 10 inches
long, was caught. The foregoing is sufficient to suggest that if the
pickerel is to be saved several things are necessary. Constant
increase or maintenance of numbers is possible only when adverse
conditions are less or exactly equal to the favorable conditions.
Maximum size is attained by any fish only when it is provided with
sufficient food and room in which to grow and when it meets no
check in its career. In other words, that means when favorable con-
ditions preponderate over unfavorable.

One of the most potent of unfavorable conditions is that of unre-
stricted fishing. The fish must be protected sufficiently to permit
enough to breed to maintain the stock, and the eggs and young
should also receive protection so far as possible. It doubtless has
become evident that the writer’s views regarding the pickerel are
more favorable to it than are those of many. Yet he would not
advise introducing the fish into waters which contain other desirable
fishes, particularly if those waters are small. In fact, he would not
recommend it for pond culture at all, owing to the fact that for it to
reach the desired perfection in size and quality and in sufficient num-
bers to make it worth while a large body of water well supplied with
natural food is necessary.

It is advised that good natural pickerel waters should be kept in
that condition or, if deteriorated, restored to the normal state, for
having been naturally favorable for pickerel they are better for that
fish than for any other that could be introduced. In order, however,
to meet these requirements, the waters must be more than little
ponds. They must be good-sized lakes or streams unless the stock
is to be kept up by artificial propagation of both the pickerel and its
food.

This article would be incomplete without a reference to the alleged
usurpation of trout waters by pickerel. The present writer has pre-
viously had occasion to comment on this matter. He wrote (1913)
that there is scarcely a body of water in which trout once lived and
where pickerel now occur that the depletion of the trout has not
been ascribed to the pickerel. It undoubtedly eats other fishes, and
there are few fishes that do not. But the habits of the pickerel are
such that it is not nearly so detrimental to other fish life as some
other species held in higher regard, and the pickerel in large bodies
of water become still less harmful. It is not much of a wanderer.

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 385

It does not rush about in marauding bands seeking what it may de-
vour. It lies in wait and siezes what comes its way when it is inclined
to feed, yet often schools of tempting shiners have been seen swim-
ming unharmed in apparently dangerous proximity to big pickerel
heads. Again he wrote (1894) that during most of the year it resorts
to waters uncongenial to trout, and at all times it prefers such waters.
A warm, muddy? pond or stream with profuse growth of aquatic veg-
etation is its favorite abode. Trout can not exist long in such sur-
roundings. In weedy waters where trout manage to exist pickerel
will also thrive, but trout will lie in the cooler, clear portions, while
pickerel seek the water plants and shallow water. In most instances
it would seem that the pickerel is not the whole, though possibly an
accessory, cause of the disappearance of trout, and harm done by
pickerel is overestimated. The injurious effect of pickerel upon trout
and salmon is more often indirect than direct, especially when it ap-
pears in congenial waters where trout or salmon are barely main-
taining themselves or decreasing. The indirect influence is upon the
food supply, and this ultimately reverts upon the pickerel itself. It
is an almost invariable rule that in time, after a period of increase in
numbers and size, pickerel begin to decrease owing to diminution of
the food supply.’

Referring to the same subject a number of years ago, after expres-
sing similar sentiments to the foregoing, the writer remarked that
excessive and destructive methods of fishing (to which should have
been added untimely fishing), pollution of the waters, and the de- -
struction of forests are far more fatal to trout life than their natural
enemies.

AS A GAME FISH.

If the pickerel is not on the list of honor as a game fish, it is entitled
to the distinction of being an exceedingly good sport fish. As for its
game qualities even, in its way, it possesses some characteristics that
equal the much-lauded trout. In fact, the writer has more than once
found to his surprise that a pickerel was on his hook instead of the
expected trout. The actions are much the same. If the tackle con-
sists of the customary long bamboo or stiff wooden pole, stout line,
and large hook, and the fish is lifted from the water by main strength,
it must be confessed that in this kind of fishing piscatorial poets
would find little inspiration. But use a light casting rod, a slender
bait rod, or even a fly rod with about the same weight of line as one
would employ for trout of like size, and no disappointment will be
experienced regarding the gameness of the fish.

a The word “‘muddy” here does not refer to roily water, but to a muddy bottom, and ‘‘warm” is a com-
parative term meaning warmer than trout waters.

b This discussion refers mainly to comparativelys mall lakes or streams into which the pickerel have been
introduced.

36 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.

BANDED PICKEREL (Lsoz americanus).
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.

This little fish has a somewhat more restricted geographical dis-
tribution than the eastern pickerel. Its stated range (Jordan and
Evermann, 1896) is from Massachusetts to Florida in lowland streams
and swamps. It is found only east of the Allegheny Mountains, the
westernmost record being from Escambia River at Flomaton, Ala.
It may be added, the northernmost locality from which it has been
reported is Lake Bomessen, Vt. (Kendall, 1908). Whether it is indig-
enous there the writer is not informed.

NAMES.

Bean (1902) said that it is probably identical with the ‘‘mackerel
pickerel”’ of Mitchill. Storer (1853) called it the ‘‘smaller pickerel,’”’
and it is referred to as the troutnose pickerel. Herbert (1849) and
others mention it under the name of Long Island pickerel. Smith
(1907) cited pike, red-finned pike, and jack as North Carolina names.

FIG. 5.—BANDED PICKEREL (Esoz americanus).

SIZES.

Most references state that it rarely exceeds a foot in length or it
rarely exceeds a pound in weight. Herbert (1849) said that a pound
was greatly above the average weight, which was probably not more
than one-half pound.

HABITAT AND HABITS.

Hatbitat.—The local habitat of this species is in general essentially
the same as that of the eastern pickerel. It is found in shallow water
amongst water plants, ete.

Bean (1902) said that it is especially plentiful in certain tidal
creeks of Long Island, and Eugene Smith reports that it is often
found in brackish water in the vicinity of New York, where it is
brown in color.

Herbert (1849) described an individual which he stated was caught
in a net in the salt water of Newark Bay. He wrote that it weighed
something over a pound and a half and that it was in the finest con-
dition. Its color, however, was remarkable, for the back and sides

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE, 837

down to the lateral line were of the richest and most lustrous copper
color, paling on the sides into bright brazen yellow, with the belly of a
silvery whiteness. The cheeks, gill covers, and fins all partook of
the same coppery tone, and the whole fish was far more lucent and
metallic than any of the family previously seen by him. There was
not the slightest indication of any transverse bars or any mottlings
nor was there any of that sea-green color which is so peculiar to the
pike family.

Habits.—Its breeding or feeding habits have not been specifically
described, but they are probably very similar to those of the eastern
pickerel. Smith (1907), writing of the North Carolina fish, stated
that its food is chiefly minnows, with which the stomach is often
gorged.

FOOD AND GAME QUALITIES.

Bean (1902) wrote that the little banded pickerel is a fish seldom
exceeding 10 inches in length, with flaky, white flesh, very few bones,
and with delicious flavor, and that it is well worthy of the attention
of fish culturists.

Smith (1907) said that in North Carolina it was of less importance
as a food and game fish than Esoz reticulatus.

Storer (1853) wrote that it was not infrequently noticed in Boston
market, and that it was so similar to the reticulatus that it had pre-
viously been considered to be the young of that species.

LITTLE PICKEREL (soz vermiculatus).
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.

According to Bean (1902), its range is the valleys of the Ohio and
Mississippi and streams flowing into the Great Lakes. He stated
that Cope mentioned that it is also found in the Susquehanna, of
which river it is probably not a native.

Forbes (1908) stated that its general range includes the tributaries
of Lake Erie and Lake Michigan, extending thence southward to the
Tennessee, Escambia,* and White Rivers and, according to Ever-
mann and Cox, to the Neuse River on the Atlantic slope.¢

It is stated (Evermann and Kendall, 1901 and 1902) to be rather
common in all suitable waters of Lake Ontario and is recorded from
Black Creek at Scriba Corner; Lake View, West Oswego; Wart
Creek near Buena Vista; Great Sodus Bay; outlet of Long Pond
near Charlotte; and Marsh Creek near Point Breeze, N. Y.

Cox does not record it from Minnesota, but Tomlin (1892a) wrote:
“While fishing in a Minnesota lake one summer evening, I found a

@ It is a noticeable coincidence that the Escambia River is given as a locality for both Esox americanus
and sor vermiculatus, and it is remarkable that it should be recorded from the Neuse River east of the
Alleghenies distinctly in the range of Esoxr americanus. These records support the idea advanced by a stu-

dent of these fishes, to which reference was previously made, to the effect that the two are specifically
identical. 4 }

88 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.

school of trout-pickerel * * * common in this lake, and it was
a handsome, clean fish.”’
NAMES.

Forbes (1908) referred to it as little pickerel and grass pike. This
latter name appears also in many other publications. It is apparently
the common name applied to it in the Pennsylvania Fish Com-
mission’s reports. Bean mentioned it also under the name of trout
pickerel. ;

SIZE.

The general statements regarding its size are that it never attains

a length of over 12 inches.

HABITAT AND HABITS.

Habitat.—According to Forbes (1908), it has a noticeable pref-
ence for quiet and muddy water, and a greater part of his collections

FIG, 6—LITTLE PICKEREL ( Esoz vermiculatus).

were stated to have come from the weedy branches of the Embar-
ros, Little Wabash, and Big Muddy in eastern and central Illinois.
He wrote that it also occurred occasionally in the main stream of the
Illinois or in the muddy overflow ponds of the bottoms. Indeed,
large numbers of this fish are annually destroyed by the drying up
of such ponds after the overflow.

Feeding.—Forbes (1908) stated that the feeding mechanism of
this little species is a reduced copy of that of the destructive and
voracious common pike, and its food, as illustrated by 18 speci-
mens, seems to be of a purely animal nature. Two of these had
eaten frog tadpoles and eight had taken fishes, one of which was a
cyprinoid minnow, one a sunfish, and the other a common top min-
now (Gambusia) of the southern part of the State. The remaining
food was mostly composed of the larger aquatic insects. Amphipods
and isopod crustaceans have been found in the stomachs of other
specimens taken from Quiver Lake, near Havana. .

Breeding.—Nothing definite appears to have been published
regarding the breeding habits of this species. Forbes (1908) stated
that it apparently spawns early and ripe individuals of both sexes
had been seen by him in March.

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 89
PROPAGATION.

The Pennsylvania Commission (1906) at one of its hatcheries
undertook to hatch the eggs of the grass pike, and it was stated
that no difficulty was found in taking the eggs but great difficulty
was experienced in keeping them from sticking owing to their gluti-
nous character. For some years more or less adult grass pike have
been distributed by this commission.

FOOD AND GAME QUALITIES.

A Pennsylvania report (1906) states that it is a valuable fish.
It is rather small to figure much as a game fish.

COMMERCIAL FISHERIES FOR THE PIKES.

The various early statistical reports afford but little definite data
regarding any of these fishes, owing to confusion of local names and
the combination of very different species under the common head-
ing of ‘‘pike and pickerel,’’ when very frequently one or the other
refers to the pike perch. For this reason no general comparative
statistics can be compiled. However, the three larger species have
always been of some local commercial value.

Pike.—The U.S. census of 1908 gives four divisions in which “‘ pike
and pickerel” figure. The total catch for the United States, accord-
ing to these figures, was 2,959,000 pounds, valued at $194,000,
excluding the Atlantic coast division, which can be regarded as in-
cluding no pike.

From the other three divisions the figures were as follows, prob-
ably composed mostly of pike:

Divisions. Quantity. Value.
Pounds.
GreahliaROS ai vision: nop erne area a sleet aioe onto eo b coca s cee eeeee RS okt ae eee 2, 142, 000 $136, 900
rates PRA VER AL VISION Ec aae sont Eee ree etna haben oe ace eet ewicite mel taalelra 367, 000 3
GuliomMexico division... Ses. sce ap ya sods Seni sates 3s ssa saison sieatels == 305, 000 11, 000
Br ta rere ee a es a ie RAN ha ote ale 2, 814, 000 163, 000

By States the figures appear as follows:

States.a Quantity. Value.
Pounds,

LUTE ei ke cope Aes CECE ESeS COE aE MEP ap Or pr Ee eSB Clr Se occ cicrers 14, $1, 100
DEAS aoe eee: De eee Co ne Bees e Rens oom ere es 61, 000 3, 200
MichiGariniacsseeee toss scmece sek cca scien aot cates cc ats cst chm gece came oaabacens 478, 000 32, 000
MinminroLa: Sirere =. oie. f shee To Baile Yo) SURO OSE dec cincacnisesne sou - 351, 000 11, 000
[SERA Seen ere, Pe eames Bt ave PTE ce ot eR RRS Se Poca telees 58, 1, 200
IND WCONE a eames et ranas cre cere ancrs coe dnmenadsestecaiaese srcazce 90, 9, 600
nia ee ee Fae re ee ee at, th ak WE se ad beh eee etic as 1,118, 000 70, 000

SURTIDESSOOL Retna se | SoS aM IN. ore eee ho Bony ee oo ih date alle eMalg esas Seccssasssyes 100 (0)
Sy Lae penta 55h ees. ER ee eer ee 8 Sane 7) hpi fade Who tides alfue - gee 305, 000 11, 000
WIRE OUST ee dae aR ae we MEREREE oS Mae ce wns a aio 2 stacey aie cae ew ctitia die 317, 000 23, 000

a Other States not distinguished. b-Less than -$100,

40 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.

In the foregoing list Ohio appears to be the paramount State,
yielding nearly 40 per cent of the entire catch of the country, all of
which was from Lake Erie waters. In 1899 the recorded catch of
pike and pickerel of Ohio in Lake Erie amounted to only 739 pounds,
valued at $38, showing the astonishing increase in nine years of over
a million pounds, with very little increase in price per pound to
fishermen (about 1 cent).

Pickerel.—In the census of 1908 only the Atlantic coast division
includes any appreciable quantity of pickerel, unless possibly New
York, which has been placed with the other divisions in this dis-
cussion upon the assumption that the bulk of the catch was of the
Great Lakes fisheries (Lake Erie and Lake Ontario), although some
Esozx reticulatus are doubtless marketed from the St. Lawrence River
and some of the smaller lakes.

In New England commercial fisheries for pickerel are permitted
only locally, being more or less protected as a sport fish. In 1898
there were 200 pounds recorded for Rhode Island and 5,420 pounds
for Connecticut. In 1899 Maine recorded 300 pounds. No statistics
are given for later dates except in Connecticut, which in 1902 yielded
8,230 pounds, valued at $530.

The Atlantic division yielded 145,000 pounds, valued at $11,000,
most of which probably were Esoz reticulatus, although some Esoz
americanus may have been included.

By States the catch was recorded as follows:

States. Quantity. Value.
Pounds.
Delaware -eistic< foc sere eee soe cotticaeecaeee nt eines ot eee ee eas) sake a eee 140, 000 $1, 100
GOT RIS FE ree oe a Cee eee le ee ee oe i Soe Se Sea eeieee See cere 1,1
LEA Ba Ca DR ee A eS e ar SOBs Peer ae aS ies Ost a are aee borne arid aubeEr Aa oS 35,000 3,800
INORG CANON HER meee cece cae cere sacle ne ee ce See Ree ene Oy ean ve eee er er 69, 000 3,100
ARES AN ELLE Al ceo eos CRO OSE Ine peace eRe se Aa camar tnd een SE Semen msc e 14, 000 1, 600
He ovo (cya I EY 66 pe eee Loe FD a A RS Ben GAL Gh ae eh a 6
WAP GUNA Sos siete Abc Ccleerepa lois, deretate tafe ether nerd charerinwrel atthe ceeters Lean eat oem 12,000 1,000

Of the aforementioned States, statistics are available for Delaware
and Maryland for the years 1887, 1888, 1901, 1904, and 1908.

The figures are given for pike, which, if they are not intended for
pike perch, doubtless indicate pickerel (Eso reticulatus) and possibly
Esox americanus. In these years, also, New Jersey, which in 1908
shows no yield at all, has a comparatively large catch. The following
table is given for what it is worth:

New Jersey. Delaware. Maryland. ~
Years. Se ee ee en nn
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value.

1 Lael ie ath Pe es MR. ns aa he 27,625 | $1,850] 26,268] $2,073 | 521,146] $33,496
EES HR 1 RP © He rate Fs 30,400 | 2,066] 25,389] 2,031] 577,745| 37,286
i a paid DEE RET ESR Oe de 2) 560 210| 16,310 654} 67, 530 5,390
RRR LT ECS SE PAE EV 600 55 | 11,050 544] 42,317 3,716

1OOS ean Ao iin sellin e(einimn.a clei n ualaiete (Aleem kie siaista ale elaatat cashes | aastete aortas 14, 000 1,100 35, 000 3,800

ETE EERE

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 41]

Statistics are also available for North Carolina for the foregoing
years, excepting those for 1904 and 1901, the latter being replaced
by those of 1902. Also, Virginia and Georgia record small catches
for 1901 and 1902, respectively. There may be some doubt regard-
ing the pike of Virginia and North Carolina, as they possibly may
comprise some pike perch.

Virginia. North Carolina. Georgia.
Years. ;
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value.
THEI] EO a aM hat re al Dah Pa ha a Ma ZOVAQD | ah SIMODGI [ene eee Laslett
TAGCY SES BERYL Sit Arpaia Unie dreamt Na onee ony Gr a RON eae 27,161 APBOS Hi gee. souelaae emer
COU woes Notes mci h tors eye Lo 32, 103 G2) SA Si ee UN eee ne |b mene cals [eee coer
finds Dek oe Alle cae tanh ly 5 Bas RR TRS ee ee |e ee Ree ee 30, 850 1, 487 350 $18
TIDE” SG A SR a ENG, eee OR 3, 644 DOB AW Nese Ue tan PAYEE De pine |.t ee Nh ga
Ursa ee eer ee ea SA Naa Pees s Os ee ty 12,000 1,000 69, 000 3, 100 1,000 100

In the first table a decrease is shown in the catch in each State,
New Jersey completely disappearing. In the Southern States the
quantity caught appears to have increased considerably. North
Carolina gained 46,588 pounds, or over 148 per cent, in the 21 years
from 1887, but fell off shghtly in price per pound to fishermen.

The foregoing figures, taken with what is known about the pickerel,
suggest that it does not breed and grow fast enough to furnish a
permanent supply for any extensive or intensive fishery. The first
table shows almost progressive decreases in three Middle States in
proximity to large markets. While in the South an increase is shown,
it is probably ascribable to more extensive and perhaps more inten-
sive fishing in later years. It is safe to predict that unless the fishing
is regulated a canvass of the fisheries a few years hence will show a
decrease.

Muskellunge.—Owing to its restricted distribution and its impor-
tance as a game fish, this fish has never attained to any very con-
siderable commercial fishery. The report of the United States
Census of 1908 gives 25,000 pounds, valued at $1, 700, for the Great
Lakes division. Michigan furnished 4,000 pounds, New York 19,000
pounds, Wisconsin 1,900 pounds, and Ohio less than 100 pounds,
In 1902 New York alone yielded 92,650 pounds, valued at $13,890,
of which 85,400 pounds were taken in Lake Chautauqua. In New
York these foregoing figures show a falling off of 67,650 pounds in
six years. |

The question is: Are the pike fisheries worthy of protection and
conservation? According to the writer’s view, they merit protection
as a conservative measure for other so-called ‘‘ better” fishes and as
an economic provision. Consideration of the question will show that
such a reason is not so paradoxical as it seems at first sight. The
ever-increasing demand by a growing population hastens the decrease

42 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE,

of the fisheries for those species most in popular favor, which, when
accompanied by neglect or waste of other edible but less-favored
kinds, results in a general depletion, with the result that the more
highly esteemed fishes rise in price beyond the purchasing reach of
the majority, who are forced to seek cheaper fish food, only to find
that there is not enough remaining to supply the demand. This un-
satisfied demand affects the price of the so-called inferior fish, and it,
in turn or in consequence, also moves upward. The writer is radical
enough to believe that there is not an edible fish that swims that
should not be conserved. The people of these United States. are
going to need them sooner or later if they do not already.

It may be added that, as a rule, native species are naturally the
easiest to conserve, and indiscriminate stocking of waters with new
kinds is not to be recommended. The Biblical injunction about new
cloth and old garments or new wine and old bottles is applicable to
waters and fishes.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.
ARMsTRONG, J. O.

1904. Maskinongé or maskenozha. Forest and Stream, vol. Lxm, no. 15, April 9,

p- 298. New York.
Ayres, Witt1am O.

1844, Enumeration of the fishes of Brookhaven, Long Island. Boston Journal

of Natural History, p. 271. Boston.
BEAN, TARLETON H.

1891. The pike family.—I. Forest and Stream, vol. xxxvi, no. 11, April 2,
p. 210. New York.

1891a. The pike family.—II. Forest and Stream, vol. xxxvi, no. 12, April 9,

p. 233. New York.
1891b. The pike family.—III. Forest and Stream, vol. xxxvi, no. 11, April 2,
p. 210. New York.

1892. The fishes of Pennsylvania. Report of the State Commissioners of Fisheries
for the years 1889, 1890, and 1891. The pikes, p. 89-94. Harrisburg.

1897. Notes upon New York fishes received at the New York aquarium, 1895 to
1897. Second annual Report of the Commissioners of Fisheries, Game,
and Forests of the State of New York for 1896, p. 229-232. New York
and Albany.

1902. The food and game fishes of New York. Seventh Report of the Forest,
Fish, and Game Commission of the State of New York for 1901, p. 353-361,
Albany.

1902a. Catalogue of the fishes of New York. New York State Museum, Bulletin
60, Zoology 9, Pikes, p. 291-307. Albany.

1908. The maskalonge of the Ohio basin. Transactions of the American Fisheries
Society, p. 145-151. Appleton.

BENECKE, BERTHOLD. ;

1880. Systematische Uebersicht der Fische von Ost- und Westpreussen. Fische,
Fischerei und Fischzucht in Ost- und Westpreussen, p. 165-167. K6nigs-
berg.

1885. Utilizing water by fish culture. (Translated from the German by Herman
Jacobson.) Report of the United States Fish Commission for 1883.
vu. The raising of fish of prey spawning in summer, p. 1129. Wash-
ington.

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 493

Burnett [Wa.po I.]
1854. [Note on breeding of muskellunge.] Proceedings of the Boston Society of
Natural History, vol. tv, p. 360. Boston.
CHAMBERS, E. T. D.

1896. The Ouananiche and its Canadian Environment. The pike, p. 283-288.
New York.

1904. ‘‘Maskinonge” isitsname. Forest and Stream, vol. uxu, no. 11, March 12,
p- 212. New York.

1904a. Maskinonge or mascalonge. Forest and Stream, vol. yx11, no. 16, April 16,

p. 316. New York.
CHENEY, H. N.

1893. The pike. Forest and Stream, vol. xt, no. 15, April 13, p. 319. New York.

1896. The mascalonge, pike, and pickerel. First annual Report of the Commis-
sioners of Fisheries, Game, and Forests of the State of New York for 1895,
p. 121-124. New York and Albany.

1898. The pikes. Forest and Stream, vol. L, no. 17, April 23, p. 330-331. New
York.

Cox, Px.

1896. History and present state of ichthyology of New Brunswick. Bulletin of
the Natural History Society of New Brunswick, no. xm, p. 62-75. St.
John.

EVERMANN, BARTON WARREN.

1902. Pike, pickerel, mascalonge. Forest and Stream, vol. rx, no. 10, September
6, 1902, p. 193. New York.

EvERMANN, BARTON WARREN, and GoLtpDsBorRouGH, EpmMuND LEE.

1901. Notes on the fishes and mollusks of Lake Chautauqua, New York. Sixth
annual Report of the Forest, Fish, and Game Commission of the State
of New York for 1900, p. 362-364. Albany.

1907. A check list of the fresh-water fishes of Canada. Proceedings of the Biologi-
cal Society of Washington, vol. xx, December 31, p. 89-120. Washington.

EvERMANN, Barton WARREN, and KENDALL, W. C.

1896. An annotated list of the fishes known from the State of Vermont. Report
of the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1894, p.
579-604. Washington.

1901. Notes on the fishes of Lake Ontario. Sixth annual Report of the Forest,
Fish, and Game Commission of the State of New York for 1900, p. 485.
Albany.

1902. Notes on the fishes of Lake Ontario. Annotated list of the fishes known to
occur in Lake Champlain and its tributary waters. An annotated list
of the fishes known to occur in the St. Lawrence River. United States
Fish Commission Report for 1901, p. 209-240. Washington.

Forses, STEPHEN ALFRED, and RicHarpsON, RoBerT EArt.

1908. The fishes of Illinois. Natural history survey of Illinois, State Laboratory

of Natural History. The pikes, p. 205-209. Danville.
Fortin, Pierre.

1864, Continuation of the list of the fishes of the Gulf and River St. Lawrence.
Annual Report of Pierre Fortin, Esq. . . . Fisheries Appendices from
Annual Report for 1863 of Hon. Wm. McDougal, Commissioner of Crown-
land in the year 1863. Pikes, 65-66. Quebec.

GIRARD, CHARLES.

1856. Description of some new species of fish from the State of Massachusetts.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 1854, p.41. Boston.
Goopr, G. Browne.

1884. The pike family. The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United

States, sec. 1, text. p. 461-466. Washington.

44 THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.

Hakett, ANDREW.
1913. Check list of the fishes of the Dominion of Canada and Newfoundland.
Pikes, p. 68-69. Ottawa.
HENSHALL, JAMES A.
1892. The mascalonge. American Game Fishes, p. 191-199. Chicago and New
York.
1904. Mascalonge or maskinonge. Forest and Stream, vol. tx, no. 138, March
26, p. 253. New York.
Hersert, HENRY WILLIAM.
1849. Frank Forester’s fish and fishing, Esocide, p. 217-236. London.
JARDINE, ALFRED.
1898. Pike and perch, illustrated. Pike, p. 1-143. London.
JORDAN, Davip Starr, and EvERMANN, BARTON WARREN.
1896. The fishes of North and Middle America. Bulletin of the United States
Museum, no. 47, pt. 1. The pikes, p. 624-630. Washington.
1902. American food and game fishes. The pikes, p. 233-240. New York.
KENDALL, W. C.
1894. Notes on the fresh-water fishes of Washington County, Me. Bulletin of the
United States Fish Commission for 1894, p. 43-54. Washington.
1908. Fauna of New England. List of the pisces. Occasional papers, Boston
Society of Natural History, vol. vu, April. Esocide, p. 51-53. Boston.
1913. Fishes and Fishing in Sunapee Lake. Bureau of Fisheries document no.
783, p. 22-24.
Low, A. P.
1895. Report on explorations in the Labrador Peninsula along the East Main,
Koksoak, Hamilton, Manicuagan, and portions of other rivers in 1892,
1893, 1894, and 1895. Geological Survey of Canada, annual report, new
series, vol. vil, appendix m1, Pike, p. 329-332 L. Ottawa.
Lyman, THEODORE.
1869. Pickerels. Report of the Commissioners of Fisheries for the year ending
January 1, 1869, p. 21. Boston.
Maine Woops.
1907. Do hornpouts ‘‘hook” pickerel? Maine Woods, vol. xxix, no. 51, July 26,
p- 1. Phillips.
MASSACHUSETTS FIsH COMMISSIONERS.
1870. Pickerel. Report of the Commissioners of Fisheries for the year ending
January 1, 1870, p. 36-37. Boston.
MatHeEer, FRED.
1898. Pickerel, pike, and mascalonge. Forest and Stream, vol. L, no. 21, May
21, p. 410-412. New York.
Mosue_er, A. A.
1892. The mascalonge in Wisconsin waters. American game fishes, p. 199-207,
Chicago and New York.
Nasu, C. W.
1908. Check list of the vertebrates of Ontario and catalogue of specimens in the
biological section of the provincial museum. Fishes. Department of
Education. Esocide, p. 451-452. Toronto.
Nevins, JAMES.
1901. The propagation of muskellunge in Wisconsin. Transactions of the Amer-
ican Fisheries Society, p. 90-93. Appleton.
New Hampsnuire. ;
1876. Pickerel. Report of the Commissioners on Fisheries of the State of New
Hampshire, p. 8. Concord.
PENNEL, H. CHOLMONDELEY.
1863. The Angler-naturalist; a popular history of British fresh-water fish. The
pike family, p. 181-209. London.

THE PIKES: DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. 45°

PENNSYLVANIA FIsH COMMISSION.

1906. Propagation of pickerel. Report of the Department of Fisheries of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania from December 1, 1904, to November 30,
1905, p. 57-59, 143-146. Harrisburg.

1907. Pickerel fishing in the lakes—Muscallonge—field work—pickerel work.
Report of the Department of Fisheries of the Commonwealth of Penn-
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51-54, 140-141. Harrisburg.

1908. Pickerel—pickerel work—chain-pickerel work. Report of the Department
of Fisheries of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania from December 1,
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PREBLE, Epwarp A.

1908. A biological investigation of the Athabaska-Mackenzie region. North
American Fauna, no. 27, United States Department of Agriculture,
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RatuBun, RicHarp, and WAKEHAM, WILLIAM.

1897. Report of the joint commission relative to the preservation of the fishes in
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SaMuELs, Epwarp A.

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p. 146.. New York.
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York.
SmirH, Hues M.

1907. The fishes of North Carolina. North Carolina Geological and Economic

Survey. The pikes, pickerels, and muskallunges, p. 142-145. Raleigh.
Smitt, F. A.

1892. A History of Scandinavian Fishes, vol. uu. The pike, p. 997-1010. Stock-

holm.
Srorer, D. H.

1844. Additions to the cabinet. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural
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1848. Concerning a species of Esox. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural
History, vol. 1, p. 105-106. Boston.

1853. A history of the fishes of Massachusetts. Memoir of the American Academy
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THOMPSON, ZADOCK.

1842. History of Vermont: Natural, Civil, and Statistical. Pikes, p. 137-138.
Burlington.

1850. Descriptions and drawings of a new species of Esox. Proceedings of the

: Boston Society of Natural History, 1848-1851, p. 163. Boston.

1853. History of Vermont: Natural, Civil, and Statistical. Pikes, 137-138, and

appendix, pt. 1. Natural History, p. 32-33. Burlington.
THOREAU, H. D.
1859. Esox from Concord. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History,
vol. vi, 1856-1859, p. 430. Boston.
Tomutn, W. Davin.
1892. The pike. American game fishes, p. 367-380. Chicago and New York.
18922. The pickerel. American game fishes, p. 387-396. Chicago and New
York. :
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NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE MINNOWS
GAMBUSIA AFFINIS AND CYPRINODON
VARIEGATUS

By SAMUEL F. HILDEBRAND
Director, U. S. Fisheries Biological Station
: Beaufort, N.C.

Appendix VI to the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1917

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NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE MINNOWS GAMBUSIA
AFFINIS AND CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS.

By Samvue. F. HILDEBRAND,

Director, United States Fisheries Biological Station, Beaufort, N. C.

INTRODUCTION.

The observations and experiments upon which the present paper
is based were made in the Beaufort, N. C., region, partly in the
laboratory and partly in the field, from April, 1914, to October, 1915.
Only living fishes are considered and the experiments in aquaria
have probably afforded the most interesting data. While some of
the observations here recorded are in general harmony with the
published statements of previous investigators, yet they are found
to present such essential points of difference as to make it advisable
to include them in the present paper. The fact that these and other
minnows are now so highly esteemed as agents for the destruction of
mosquito larve in ponds and reservoirs lends a timely interest to the
publication of any data relating to the habits and propagation of the
species.

GAMBUSIA AFFINIS (Baird and Girard). THE TOP MINNOW.
NATURAL HISTORY.

This top minnow is known on the Atlantic coast from Delaware to
Mexico and in the Mississippi Valley from Jlinois to Louisiana. It
inhabits both fresh and brackish water, while an occasional straggler
is taken in strictly salt water. Locally it is the only viviparous
teleost known. It may be found in nearly all shallow streams or
ponds of brackish or fresh water, and it is particularly abundant
in certain very shallow and muddy arms of the Mullet Pond on
Shackleford Bank. Nowhere, however, was it found to grow so large
as it does in a small fresh-water pond on Gallants Point. Females
taken from this very shallow and extremely dirty pond, visited daily
by both cattle and hogs, are from 60 to 65 mm. in length, while the
largest specimens obtained elsewhere do not exceed 45 mm. The
males, as is well known, are much smaller than the females. The
largest male observed in this vicinity was 33 mm. in length, which is
probably 6 mm. above the average.

3

4 MINNOWS GAMBUSIA AFFINIS AND CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS.

This fish is one of the hardiest known to the writer. It flourishes
in very stagnant water, providing, of course, that the proper amount
of food is available; it thrives in the aquarium; and it lives equally
as well in salt as in fresh water. It may be plunged directly from the
one into the other without any apparent harm. If placed in a
battery jar and left without change of water it will usually survive
until a green scum forms on the walls of the contaimer; thereafter
no more attention need be given it, except to add a small quantity of
water from time to time to compensate for evaporation. Care must,
of course, be exercised not to give the fish more food than it can
consume. Probably more aquarium fish of all kinds are lost through
overfeeding than from any other cause. Both old and young have
been kept in the aquarium at the laboratory for one and one-half
years, and were still in good condition at the expiration of that period.

Fic. 1.—Gambusia affinis. Top minnow. Male.

Gambusia becomes inactive and ceases to feed even during mod-
erately cool weather. It is at its best in water of a relatively high
temperature. The shallow water in which it is usually found in
abundance during the summer reaches a temperature, during the day,
which is above that of the human body. It is never a very active
swimmer, and when it ventures out into water inhabited by larger
fishes it becomes an easy prey. Its habit of swimming at or near
the surface is well known, and this has caused it to be known every-
where throughout its range as the top minnow. When in very
stagnant water it projects its mouth above the surface at frequent
intervals, making a sucking noise each time. It is presumed that
this is done because there is an insufficient supply of free oxygen in
the water, but if this is the case the deficiency of oxygen does not
appear to interfere with the health and welfare of the fish. The large
size attained by the minnows in the stagnant pond on Gallants
Point may be cited as evidence.

MINNOWS GAMBUSIA AFFINIS AND CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS. 5

OBSERVATIONS ON FEEDING.

The habit of surface swimming in this species is correlated with the
fact that it seeks and acquires most of its food at or near the surface
of the water. It feeds very largely upon the larve of insects when
these are available; accordingly, it has been found to be of great value
as an eradicator of mosquitoes, and herein lies its greatest economic
importance. For this reason, also, it has been planted in many places
where it is not native, and the results have been gratifying. While
aquarium feeding does not, as a rule, teach us much about a creature’s
habits of feeding in nature, a few experiments in this connection are
nevertheless worthy of mention. An adult female, about 43 mm. in
length, had been held in a battery jar since early spring and regularly
fed with finely minced fish. On August 2, 1914, she was fed 140 mos-
quito larve between 11 a. m. and 12. ‘isp p.m. The larve were all
of large size and nearly ready to pupate, being from 6 to 8 mm. in

Fic. 2.—Gambusia affinis. Top minnow. Female.

length. All except four were eaten by 12.30 p.m. When observa-
tion was made again at 5.30 p. m. all the larve had been consumed.
At 6 p. m. 25 additional larve were supplied. Nearly all of these
were immediately eaten, and all had disappeared by 9 p.m. It was
clear, however, that her appetite was satisfied. The abdominal walls
were greatly distended and it was evident that she had eaten all that
she could hold.

That its service in the destruction of mosquito larve probably be-
gins on the day that the fish is born is evidenced by the fact that
fish only a few hours old devoured larve that were fed to them.
At this early age they were unable to swallow large larvz, but the
writer has seen them swallow larve more than half the total length
of the fish itself. Considerable difficulty is apparently encountered
in swallowing a morsel of this size, and a portion of the larva is often
visible 1 minute after the process of swallowing is begun. It was
sometimes observed that one such morsel did not satisfy the appetite
and that a second one was taken.

6 MINNOWS GAMBUSIA AFFINIS AND CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS.

While this fish in captivity will readily eat dead food, such as
minced fish, oysters, clams, corn bread, the yolk of hard-boiled egg,
etc., it shows a preference for living food. Mosquito larve were
killed and introduced along with live ones, and in each instance no
attention was given to the dead larve until the live ones had been
consumed. It is probable that this fish has a preference for insects
as food, but it is evident that it is by no means dependent upon these
for subsistence. Apparently it devours nearly anything of suitable
size, whether animal or plant. It is well known that in the aquarium
Gambusia will eat its own young, but this cannibalistic habit is cer-
tainly not restricted to aquarium life, since the writer has captured
specimens in nature which contained in the stomachs fish of their
own kind.

OBSERVATIONS ON BREEDING.

In the Beaufort region this fish delivers its first young of the
season some time during May, or in some years possibly as early as
the latter part of April, depending largely upon the temperatures
which prevail during the early spring. The spring of 1915 was some-
what cooler than the spring of 1914, and the breeding season, there-
fore, began at least two weeks later. It continues to breed through-
out the summer and as late as October.

Copulation, although carefully looked for, was not satisfactorily
observed. Apparently it is a very quick process® and is accom-
plished during what appear to be frequent fights in which the oppo-
site sexes engage. That some of these fights are quite real was evi-
denced by the fact that a female which was confined in a small rec-
tangular jar killed and partly devoured three males that were from
time to time introduced for breeding purposes. In order to protect
the male from this ferocious female it became necessary to place in
the jar a partition of wire netting, with mesh large enough to permit
the male to pass through, yet small enough to keep the female back.
The male continued to venture out from his compartment quite
frequently, and notwithstanding that he was obliged to make many
hasty retreats he survived and successfully fertilized the eggs for the
future broods.

That a single female may produce as many as six broods of young
during a single season was demonstrated through aquarium experi-
ments. In one instance a medium-sized female, about 40 mm. in
length, was placed in a small rectangular jar early in the spring of
1914. She gave birth to young as follows: First brood, May 20;
Seal (1911). Gambusia holbrookii is now considered a synonym of G. affinis. This process was also ob-
served and described by Philippi (1908) in Glaridichthys januariusand G.decemmaculatus. (The first of

these fishes according to Henn (1916) was Phalloceros caudomaculatus (Hensel) and the other is placed in
the genus Cnesicrodon Garman by the same author following Eigenmann.)

MINNOWS GAMBUSIA AFFINIS AND CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS. 7

second brood, July 2; third brood, July 18; fourth brood, August 9;
fifth brood, August 30; and sixth brood, October 5. It is probable
that some females produce an even greater number of broods during
a single season, for it was noted that several females in the aquaria
gave birth to young during a period of two to three weeks after the
individual just cited had concluded for the season; some also began
bearing at an earlier date than this one. Presumably the effect of
aquarium life would be to reduce rather than to increase the number
of broods. As the temperature of the water seems to determine
the time of beginning of the spawning season, it probably influences,
to some extent at least, the rapidity with which the later broods are ~
--developed. The aquarium in which the above-mentioned female
lived was kept in the writer’s office, where it was protected from the
direct rays of the sun. The water in it, therefore, never reached
the luke-warm temperature of that usually occupied by these fish
in nature, and for that reason it may be supposed to have exercised
a retarding influence upon the development of the successive broods.

The number of young comprising a single brood appears to bear a
direct relation to the size of the female. If the female is small, a
small brood results. If the female is large, a more numerous brood
may be expected. That the earlier broods are larger than the later
ones, as suggested by Dr. H. M. Smith (1912, p. 224), could not be
verified. A eis number of dissections of specimens obtained at
‘various times during the season revealed no differences that would
substantiate that suggestion. In the same paper Dr. Smith states
that the average number of embryos contained in the ovary of a
limited number of fish dissected or observed by him at the aquarium’
of the Bureau of Fisheries in Washington was 100. Dealing with
specimens from the Beaufort region, the largest number found by the
present writer in any single ovary was 63, and the average among the
largest females obtained did not exceed 40. Dr. Albert Kuntz
(1914, p. 183), working with fishes from the Beaufort region, found
76 to be the maximum number produced by a single female. The
fish examined by Dr. Smith were from the Potomac River and
measured from 45 to 50 mm. in length. They were, therefore, not
so large as some of the specimens under observation at Beaufort,
the largest of which are 64 mm. in length. The number of broods
of one season produced by a single female in a more northern lati-
tude are probably fewer in number, owing to the shorter period of
warm weather; but since the observations of Dr. Smith suggest
that the broods may be larger, it is possible that the number of
young produced during a meno season is not materially smaller in
the higher latitude.

It is an interesting fact that females separated from males even
before the first spring brood is born continue to produce young

8 MINNOWS GAMBUSIA AFFINIS AND CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS.

throughout the season in a perfectly normal way.? A female kept
under close observation produced five broods after she had been
separated from all other fish. To determine if fish that were sepa-
rated from males in the spring would continue to produce young
the following season without again coming in contact with males, a
number of females were kept in aquaria through the winter. In
the following spring large eggs, of yellowish appearance, were pro-
duced instead of young. Other females that had been with males
during the entire summer were separated from them late in the fall
and also carried through the winter.’ This lot, too, produced eggs
‘instead of young. In each case the eggs appeared when young
would normally have been produced. These experiments show
that this fish is able to carry the sperms throughout the breeding
season, but indicate that it can not carry them through the winter.

Ova in various stages of development are present in the ovary at
one time. When one brood is born the eggs of the next set are
already well developed, being about 1 mm. in diameter, and several
smaller eggs are also present. When the fertilization of the different
sets of eggs occurs is not known. With regard to Phalloceros caudo-
maculatus and Cnesterodon decemmaculatus, two viviparous forms
belonging in the same family with Gambusia affinis (the family
Peeciliidge), Philippi (1908, p. 22) found that the sexual product of the
male consists of numerous milk-white bodies which stick fast to the
first available object. Microscopic examination showed that these
bodies consist of closely crowded spermatozoa. The whole mass is
held together by a sticky substance, which probably causes the sperm
bodies to fasten themselves to the genital papille of the females. He
found also that these bodies were iditielely dissolved when they came
under the influence of the ovarian fluid, and the individual sperma-
tozoa were set free. Within the folds of the lining of the oviduct
the sperms were found in great numbers, even after the birth of
young. It is probable that the sperms are retamed there throughout
the breeding season and that the eggs are fertilized as soon as they are
sufficiently mature.

The fact that the female is capable of producing young throughout
the breeding season without coming in contact with the male sleds
one to look with suspicion upon the many notices of “hybrids”
produced by crossing species of viviparous fishes. In order to obtain
true hybrids of Gambusia affinis with another species, if such cross-
breeding will occur at all, it would be necessary to begin the experi-

a “Zolotnisky (1901, p. 65) observed that a female of P. caudomaculatus which had been separated from
males after the appearance of a brood of young pro luced another within six weeks and a third brood four
weeks after this. This occurred although copulation subsequent to the first parturition had not taken
place. Philippi also isolated females at, or slightly before, parturition. In every instance the females

became pregnant for a second time, and one specimen produced a third brood 46 days after the appearance
ofthe second. Poey noted these facts many years ago.’ (Henn, 1916, p. 102.)

MINNOWS GAMBUSIA AFFINIS AND CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS. 9

ment during the fall or winter or to rear young for the purpose, in
which case the sexes must be segregated at a very early stage.

As the embryos develop within the ovary a black spot appears on
each side of the abdomen of the parent above and in front of the vent,
and these spots gradually become larger and larger. When they
become so large that they are about to meet at the ventral surface, the
period of parturition is at hand. The process of extrusion of the
young was observed repeatedly. There is no uniformity in the man-
ner of birth. They may appear singly or by twos and threes at a time.
Some come head first, some tail first, and others are delivered in a
coiled position. Extrusion may occur quickly and with some
apparent force; at other times it is a slow and deliberate process.
Some females under observation delivered nearly the entire brood in
one position, but others did not. It appears that the young are most
frequently born tail first and one at a time. The process invariably
takes place during the day. The entire brood may be delivered in
the course of an hour or two, or the process may consume an entire
day or a portion of two days. During this period the adult swims
about as usual and eats food when it is supplied. If hungry, she
devours her own young as rapidly as they are born. In many
instances in the aquarium the mother eats her entire brood on the
day they are born.

The young at the time of birth are from 8 to 10 mm. in length.
They are very vigorous, and, as previously indicated, they come into
the world with an appetite and well prepared to enter upon an
independent career. The average rate of growth is rapid, but, as is
the case with other forms of animal life, each lot has its “runts.’’ The
largest female among a lot born in May, 1914, and reared in the
aquarium had reached a length of 25 mm. by the middle of September.
The recognizable males were somewhat smaller, although the dif-
ference in size was not nearly so great at this age as it is among fish
that have attained their full growth. The smallest individuals in
this lot were only 13 mm. in length. In the field, by about July 30
it became difficult to distinguish the first young of the season from
the adults. The largest specimens taken at this time and identified
as young of the season were 25 mm. in length. From this it would
appear that the young in natural habitats grow faster than those in
captivity. Fish born and reared in the aquarium now nearly one and
one-half years old have not quite reached the maximum normal size
of their parents.

The external character distinguishing the sexes is the modified
anal fin of the adult male, which is developed into an intromittent
organ. In the young, however, the anal fins are similar. The modi-
fication of this fin in the male is a gradual process and can not be said
to become evident at a stated age or length of the fish. In some

10 MINNOWS GAMBUSIA AFFINIS AND CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS.

specimens the specialized form of the fin becomes evident when the
fish is only 13 mm. in length and less than 3 months old; in others it
is not apparent at the age of 5 months or at alength of 17 mm. For
example, a lot of 43 young born in May, 1914, the smallest of which
was 17 mm. in length, was examined on October 15, 1914, and was
thought to comprise females only; but on June 3, 1915, 6 of the 39
fish surviving were easily recognized as males. It may, therefore,
be stated that the modification of the anal fin into an intromittent
organ may take place when the fish reaches a length of 13 mm., or at
any later stage until it attains its maximum normal growth of about
25 mm.

The proportion of males to females in this species has been dis-
cussed by various writers. In collections the males are generally much
in the minority. It has been argued that this is due to the small
size of the males, which permits them to pass through the meshes of
nets and thus to escape capture. However, when the writer has
collected the minnows with mosquito netting of a mesh so small that
not even the tiniest male may pass through, the disparity in the
numbers of the sexes has remained evident. Among the lots grown
in the aquarium, the inequality is quite as great as it seems to be in
nature. For example, on June 2, 1915, 60 of the young of the pre-
vious season had survived, and of these only 7 were males. The
indications are that in the broods of 1915 the sexes are just as une-
qually represented, although, as shown above, the sexes can not be
positively determined at this time (October, 1915). Owing to the
rather heavy loss during the early stages of life in the aquarium, the
results as stated above may not afford a reliable criterion, although
there is no apparent reason why aquarium life should not be as well
suited to the male as to the female. Among the adults there is
much fighting between the sexes and the males often suffer severely,
but among the young these disastrous conflicts have not been observed.
It seems entirely probable that the normal ratio of males to females
is about 1 to 8 or 9.

The extreme prolificness of the species has already been the subject
of comment. It is particularly interesting to know that the early
broods of the season reach sexual maturity* and some of the fish
begin to breed before they are four months old. During both seasons
that the young have been observed and grown in the aquarium the
oldest and largest females among the broods have delivered their
first young during September. At this time the females are only
about 23 mm. in length, and the first brood consists of only two or
three young. In the fall of 1914 two of the largest females hatched

a Seal (1911, p. 95) observed that the young of Gambusia holbrookii and Heterandria formosa began to
breed during the season in which they were born.

MINNOWS GAMBUSIA AFFINIS AND CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS. 11

in the spring of the same year even succeeded in producing two small
broods before the arrival of cool weather.

A female that produced 6 broods during one season, averaging 40
young to a brood, would have 240 descendants of the first generation
by the end-of the season, assuming that all survived. Now, if the
sexes in the first brood occurred in the apparently normal proportion
of 5 males and 35 females, and if each female produced three young
in September, the total number of young of the second generation
resulting from this brood would be 105. It appears that by the end
of the season the original female would have given rise to a family of
240 offspring of the first generation and 105 offspring of the second
generation. There are few, if any, fishes whose output of eggs does
not outnumber the young of Gambusia, but the chances of survival
for young delivered alive as compared with eggs and young hatched
from them, are probably 1,000 to1. Itseems reasonable to conclude,
therefore, that under natural and normal conditions no native fish
multiplies more rapidly than Gambusia affinis.

SUMMARY.

1. Gambusia affinis usually inhabits shallow, stagnant waters,
whether fresh or brackish, and it thrives under conditions of rela-
tively high temperature if the proper amount of food is available.

2. It is a very hardy fish, adapting itself readily to many different
natural conditions as well as to life in the aquarium.

3. Its food consists largely of the larve of insects, but it feeds also
upon a variety of other animal and plant substances. It sometimes
eats its own kind, even its own offspring, especially in the restricted
environment of an aquarium.

4, One medium-sized female may destroy as many as 165 large
mosquito larve in a single day.

5. In the region of Beaufort the fish produces its first brood of
young for the season during the month of May and continues to breed
throughout the summer until as late as October. It may produce
during a single season six or more broods, averaging 40 young to a
brood.

6. Females separated from males in the spring shortly before the
first brood is born continue to produce young throughout the season.
If separated from the male even during late fall no young will result
the following spring, but infertile eggs will be deposited.

7. Young are delivered during the day, one, two, or three at a
timé. Some come head first, some tail first, and others in a coiled
position. The period of labor may comprise an hour or the greater
portion of a day or even portions of two days.

8. The modified anal fin of the male, which is the external character
that distinguishes the sexes, may be fully developed when the fish

12 MINNOWS GAMBUSIA AFFINIS AND CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS.

is less than 3 months old or not until the fish is 1 year old; it may
appear when the fish is 13 mm. in length, or be delayed until a length
of 23 mm. is attained.

9. The proportion of males to females appears to be about 1 to 8
or, 9.

10. Some of the individuals of the early broods of the season
become sexually mature and produce small broods of young late in
the season in which they themselves were born.

CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS (Lacépéde). THE VARIEGATED MINNOW.

This variegated minnow occurs on the Atlantic coast from Cape
Cod to the Rio Grande, inhabiting brackish waters and ascending
streams. Stragglers are also taken in strictly salt water. Locally

‘Semana =

2S Se OTE Eis ee

Fic, 3.—Cyprinodon variegatus. Variegated minnow. Male.

it is very abundant in the shallow brackish ponds, but it does not
appear to attain as large a size as it does in some other localities.
The usual length of the adult female is only about 45 mm.; the adult
male is somewhat larger, averaging about 48 mm. in length and
being notably deeper in body than the female. The sexes appear to
occur in equal proportion.

The fish is an active swimmer and very ferocious. In captivity it
will kill and devour fishes of other species much larger than itself.
Even such species as Fundulus heteroclitus (Linneus) and Fundulus
majalis (Walbaum), which are ordinarily quite aggressive, are unable
to withstand its attacks. Its sharp, tricuspid teeth afford a very
effective weapon. It makes its attacks by darts, inflicting a wound
here or there, and then quickly turning for defense. After a brief

MINNOWS GAMBUSIA AFFINIS AND CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS. 13

period another attack is made, and this is kept up until the victim
is exhausted or disease attacks the wounds. In several instances
it was noticed that a number of individuals made a concerted attack
upon one common victim. Where the prey is large and can not be
devoured whole, the flesh is ripped from the bones with the sharp
teeth and eaten a bit at a time. Cyprinodon does not limit its attacks
to fishes of other species. When a number of them are placed in
an aquarium, fighting soon ensues among their own kind and can-
nibalism prevails.

It is apparently a voracious feeder, with a varied diet. In nature
it appears to subsist largely upon vegetable matter. The stomachs
that were examined were found to be distended with plant stems,
alge, and mud. The nature of the digestive tract, which is much
convoluted and equal to about two and one-third times the length of
the fish, indicates that plants form the principal natural food.

In 1914 it was noticed that this fish spawned throughout the
summer, so that ripe females could be obtained at nearly any time
from April, when the observations were begun, until October. It was
also found that there were several sizes of eggs present in the ovary
at one time. These facts suggested that this fish produced more than
one set of eggs during a single season. In order to obtain more defi-
nite information in regard to this matter, the following experiments
were undertaken: A rectangular box was constructed with four legs
and with a hole in the bottom near one end. Beneath the hole there
was tacked a piece of wire netting, the meshes of which were too
small to permit the escape of the fish to be used in the experiment, but
large enough to allow the eggs to pass through, should any be pro-
duced. This box was placed in a compartment of a hatching table
provided with an overflow and connected with drain pipes. Under-
- neath the hole in the bottom of the box a small basket of wire gauze
was placed. The opposite end of the box was somewhat elevated. <A
small stream of salt water was allowed to flow in at the elevated end,
thus creating a current directed toward the opening in the bottom at
the opposite end. The purpose of the current was to carry the eggs
through the screened opening and cause them to be deposited in the
small gauze basket. On April 10 a large female was placed in the
box, where she lived until September 20. Eggs were produced on the
following dates: April 28, May 28, June 14, daily from June 24 to
July 3; July 16, 17, 19, 22, and daily from July 24 to 31; August 9,
11,13,and 16. The first three sets consisted of from 18 to 24 eggs
each and the remainder of only from 2 to 6 each. When the female
died on September 20 she was completely ‘‘spawned out.’”’ It is, how-
ever, probable that all of the eggs that were produced did not reach the
retaining basket, as dissections indicate that the early sets at least are
usually much larger. It is possible that the parent may have eaten

14 MINNOWS GAMBUSIA AFFINIS AND CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS.

some of them before they reached the wire screen. Several dissec-
tions made on April 17 showed that the ovary of a large female con-
tained about 140 well-developed eggs, fully half of which seemed to be
of one size and generally nearly mature. To acquire more data on this
point, artificial spawning was tried with a number of females. The
process of stripping, however, involves more handling than the
species endures, and none of the females lived to produce more than
two sets of eggs.

Females of this species may be found in spawning condition as
early as the middle of March and as late as October 1. Whether the
early spawners continue to spawn as late as October or if these late
spawners are those that began spawning later in the season is not
known. Our aquarium specimen, which was an early spawner, had,
under abnormal conditions, spawned out by August 16.

Fic. 4.—Cyprinodon variegatus. Variegated minnow. Young.

The eggs of this species are somewhat heavier than salt water.
They are spherical in form and about 1 mm. in diameter. Incubation
at laboratory temperature occupies five to six days. The newly
hatched young are 4 mm. in length (Kuntz, 1916, p. 414). They
grow rapidly and by the beginning of August some of the largest are
as much as 32 mm. in length. Up to this age the sexes are colored
alike and resemble the adult female, but at about this time the young
male assumes the adult markings and hereafter it can with difficulty
be distinguished from an adult male.

My observations show that this is a very prolific species, and its
fecundity may be held to explain in a measure its great abundance.
It is said to be of some value as an eradicator of mosquito larve, but
its greatest economic importance probably lies in the food it furnishes
for larger fishes.

In this connection it may be mentioned that observations in the
field and dissections made at various times during two seasons strongly

MINNOWS GAMBUSIA AFFINIS AND CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS. g ft

indicate that the following species, common in this vicinity, also
produce more than one and perhaps several sets of eggs during a
single season: Lucania parva (Baird and Girard); Fundulus hetero-
clitus (Linneus); Fundulus majalis (Walbaum); Fundulus ocellaris
(Jordan and Gilbert); F'undulus lucie (Baird and Girard); Menidia
beryllina (Cope); and Menidia menidia (Linneeus).

SUMMARY.

1. Cyprinodon variegatus inhabits shallow, brackish ponds and
ascends fresh-water streams. Stragglers occur in strictly salt water.

2. Its principal food consists of vegetable matter, but it probably
feeds also on many kinds of animal life. In captivity it is very fero-
cious and attacks and eats its own kind. :

3. In the Beaufort region this fish spawns from March till October,
producing eggs at intervals of varying length. Periods of 10 days or
a month may intervene between occasions of spawning or eggs may
be deposited daily for a considerable period.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Henn, ARTHUR W.
1916. On various South American peeciliid fishes. Annals of Carnegie Museum,
vol. x, p. 93-142, pl. xvmi—xx1, 17 text fig. Pittsburgh,
Kuntz, ALBERT.
1914. Notes on the habits, morphology of the reproductive organs, and embry-
ology of the viviparous fish Gambusia affinis. Bulletin, United States
Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxx, 1913, p. 177-190, pl. xvi-xrx. Wash-
ington.
1916. Notes on the embryology and -arval development of five species of teleo-
stean fishes. Bulletin, United States Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxx1v,
1914, p. 407-429, 68 text fig. Washington.
Puirerl, ERIcH.
1908. Fortpflanzungsgeschichte der viviparen Teleostier Glaridichthys januarius
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Paris.

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